Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu: Volume 3, Persons and Literary Sources 9780520291973, 9780520965560, 2014018742

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Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary Volume Three

Persons and Literary Sources Zheng Jinsheng, Nalini Kirk, Paul D. Buell, and Paul U. Unschuld

A Volume of the Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary Project Paul U. Unschuld, General Editor

University of California Press

Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary Volume Three

Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary Volume Three

Persons and Literary Sources Zheng Jinsheng, Nalini Kirk, Paul D. Buell, and Paul U. Unschuld

A Volume of the Ben Cao Gang Mu Dictionary Project Paul U. Unschuld, General Editor

University of California Press

University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California

© 2018 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ben cao gang mu dictionary / edited by Zhang Zhibin, Paul U. Unschuld. volumes cm Includes bibliographical references. Contents: Volume 1. Chinese historical illness terminology.—Volume 2. Geographical and Administrative Designations.—Volume 3. Persons and Literary Sources. ISBN 978-0-520-29197-3 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-520-96556-0 (ebook) 1. Li, Shizhen, 1518-1593. Ben cao gang mu. 2. Medicine, Chinese—History—16th century. 3. Medicine, Chinese—Dictionaries. 4. Materia medica, Vegetable— China. I. Zhang, Zhibin, 1953– editor. II. Unschuld, Paul U. (Paul Ulrich), 1943– editor. III. Title: Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu. RS180.C5B45 2015 615.3 210951—dc23 2014018742 Manufactured in the United States of America 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CONTENTS Acknowledgments I. Introduction

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1. The Ben cao gang mu Project

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2. The Two Conflicting Origins of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutics / 11 3. Chinese Materia Medica Literature 4. The Sources Cited

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4.1. Materia Medica and Medical Texts / 15 4.3 Sources Beyond Materia Medica and Medical Literature / 16 5. The Dictionary Entries

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5.1. Bibliographical Entries: / 19 5.2. Biographical Entries: / 23 II. Persons and Literary Sources III. Appendices

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Appendix A Chinese Dynasties

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Appendix B Index of Substance Entry (SE) in Alphabetical Order

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Appendix C List of Entries of Names of Persons Appendix D List of Entries of Literary Sources

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711 755

Acknowledgments The research leading to the preparation of this volume of the Ben cao gang mu Dictionary was financed by Stiftung Volkswagenwerk. The institutional framework enabling us to pursue this project was the Horst-Goertz-Stiftungsinstitut, CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, funded by the Horst-Goertz-Foundation from 2006 through 2013. Martin Huber, Klaus Neugebauer and David Dornier, as well as the Chinese Broad Group Yuan da 遠大, generously provided us with additional support to continue our work into 2017 and complete the compilation of this volume. Prof. Zheng Jinsheng 郑金生, retired Director of the Research Institute of the History of Medicine and Medical Literature, the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, laid the foundations to the present volume by researching and documenting all Chinese data required. Nalini Kirk assisted him in his research. These data have been re-arranged and were translated into English by Paul D. Buell, Nalini Kirk and myself. Nalini Kirk succeeded in homogenizing our different levels of language and style. Siglinde Mooney assisted in technical matters. Christine Hu gave the manuscript its final layout. I am most grateful to all these individuals and institutions for their belief in this project and their conceptual as well as financial support. Paul U. Unschuld Berlin, March 2017

I. INTrOduCTION 1. The Ben cao gang mu Project

This is the third volume of a project aiming at providing better access to the Ben cao gang mu (BCGM) 本草綱目, China’s great encyclopedia of pharmaceutical lore, first published in 1593 and designated a world cultural heritage text in 2012. In addition to the current volume, which focuses on identifying personal names mentioned and literary sources quoted in the BCGM, three others will complete the Dictionary of the Ben cao gang mu. They include the first volume, published in 2015, on “Chinese historical illness terminology,” and a second volume, published in 2016, tracing all “geographical and administrative designations” mentioned in connection with the more than 1,900 pharmaceutically usable substances listed in the BCGM. A fourth volume will offer a historical survey of the identifications of all pharmaceutical substances mentioned in the BCGM. The BCGM was composed over more than three decades from perhaps 1547 until 1580. Li Shizhen 李時珍 (1508–1593), who turned to his family tradition of medicine after failing the imperial exams required for entering the civil service, is traditionally named its sole author. In his preface, he mentions assistance provided by several family members. The sheer volume of about 1.6 million Chinese characters written to complete the fifty-one chapters of the BCGM suggests, though, the involvement of a team of collaborators exceeding the limited number of his family members. No information is available to identify the size of the team that collected all the data from a vast body of texts of all possible genres and wrote them down within a relatively short period. Li Shizhen was a practicing doctor and lived at the end of the Ming 明 dynasty. By his time, China had largely turned its back on much of the outside world (with the exception of neighboring inner Southeast Asia) and entered a period of insular9

10 ity. The Zheng He 鄭和 (1371–1433) voyages that had explored the world of the Indian Ocean were long over and most maritime contact forbidden. Nevertheless, the BCGM reflects an era during which immense amounts of information were freely available, yielding a work as large as the BCGM with its more than two thousand medicinal monographs and appendices. Li Shizhen and his coworkers excerpted data from the rich pharmaceutical literature of the previous 1,500 years and numerous other literary sources.1 In addition, Li Shizhen included pharmaceutical knowledge he had obtained from practitioners and other contemporary sources during his travels throughout the Chinese empire. The current volume focuses on the BCGM’s textual sources and the people associated with them. Possibly because of the then-prevalent lack of a standardized approach to citing previously published literary works, users of the BCGM may feel themselves confronted with an often confusing inhomogeneity of designations chosen by the BCGM authors to refer to their textual sources. Also, as our research has shown, the authors not only occasionally quoted one work under different names in different sections of the encyclopedia but also not infrequently assigned quotes to sources different from the ones where the original wording had been taken from and where they may be found today. Such faults severely impede scientific consultations of the BCGM. The uninformed user may be misled as to where a certain quote is from and at what time it found entrance into medical-pharmaceutical literature. Similarly, the BCGM authors referred to the same author differently in different sections, sometimes by providing only one of two, three, or four characters of the name, if not assigning an erroneous name to a quote in the first place. The many individuals mentioned, sometimes only once in an anecdote, sometimes as the authors of frequently quoted texts, may be sources of primary literary transmission, as when they describe their own research results and experience in their works. They may also be sources of a secondary literary transmission, when a later author relates a story or an experience associated with them. The broad gamut of persons named includes several well-known personalities and many for whom perhaps nothing more than the name is transmitted. Others can be identified by browsing the numerous bio- and bibliographical dictionaries available to Chinese studies today. With all of its book titles and personal names identified, the BCGM will be more easily used for scientific and other serious research than in the past. These names and titles will permit the reader to trace all statements on pharmaceutically used substances to their original literary sources, to orally transmitted anecdotes, and to the persons behind these sources and the transmission of their contents.

1

Paul U. Unschuld, Medicine in China: A History of Pharmaceutics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986). Hereafter cited as “Unschuld 1986.”

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2. The Two Conflicting Origins of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutics The BCGM is the apex of the development of pharmaceutical literature in China. No other imperial-age (221 BCE–1911) work on materia medica prior to or following its publication gathered a comparable wealth of data on the therapeutic application of natural and human-made substances. The BCGM is the culmination of a materia medica literature that emerged at some time during the later Han 漢 dynasty and was expanded by numerous authors in the course of the following one and a half millennia. A conceptualized system of healing based on systematic physiology and pathology grounded in a secular natural science had evolved in China beginning with the second century BCE. Its earliest documentation may be found in the Huang Di nei jing 黃帝內經 text corpus, including the Su wen 素問 and the Ling shu 靈樞, and the Nan jing 難經, a work drawing on a pool of writings that also left its traces in the Huang Di nei jing texts. A fourth text, the Huang Di nei jing Tai su 黃帝內經太 素, is an annotated amalgamation, dating from the eighth century CE, of passages from the Su wen and the Ling shu. The ancient classics of Chinese medicine mention pharmaceutical treatments, but only in passing. They thus fail to reflect the rich heritage of knowledge of the therapeutic potential of hundreds of herbal, animal, mineral, and human-made substances available at the time of the compilation of the Su wen, the Ling shu, and the Nan jing. The absence of available pharmaceutical drug lore from the earliest texts of conceptualized Chinese medicine is evidence of a deep gap that has existed in Chinese therapeutic practice for the past two millennia. This gap separated a health care based on secular science from an approach based on a more pragmatic realism. The former was conceptualized and employed not so much to cure disease as to assist in preventing it. The latter acknowledged disease as a natural and inescapable facet of human life. It focused on the means provided by nature to heal all types of illness. Chinese conceptualized medicine started from the assumption, inherent in the doctrines of systematic correspondence, that natural laws exist. These laws rule all processes and phenomena in nature, independent of time, space, and persons, be they human or numinous. The doctrines evidencing this entirely secular and rational world view, explicitly setting it off from a belief in the workings of supernatural beings such as demons, spirits, gods, and ancestors, are known today as the yinyang doctrine and the doctrine of the five phases. They convey an assertion that the maintenance of health is possible, if not guaranteed, if one lives in accordance with the laws of nature. The yin-yang and five phases doctrines offer guidance on how to adapt to the laws of nature and how to survive in a natural environment that is characterized by a constant repetition of mutual overcoming and revenge, of destruction and rebirth. The political message of “law and order” implicit in early Chinese medicine stood in stark contrast to the notion underlying pharmaceutical therapy that disease—that

12 is, luan 亂, “disorder”—is basically unavoidable. One may use substances or physical exercises to strengthen one’s body, but matter is doomed to rot, and the human body cannot escape this fate. Hence, sooner or later disease is a natural aspect of human life. Pharmaceutical knowledge is designed mostly to treat manifest disease. No other realm in Chinese health care saw as dynamic an expansion as the literature on pharmaceutical recipes. Starting from fifty-two recipes preserved in the Ma wang dui 馬王堆 manuscripts of the second century BCE,2 a maximum of about sixty thousand was reached in the Pu ji fang 普濟方, “Recipes for Universal Benefit,” in the sixteenth century. For more than one thousand years, from the Han dynasties well into the Song 宋 dynasties, the two medical approaches, respectively based on the doctrines of systematic correspondence and on pharmaceutical knowledge, developed in parallel, with virtually no mutual recognition. A sole exception may be seen in the work of Zhang Ji 張機, around 200 CE. He remained isolated, though, in his attempts to explain the effects of pharmaceutical substances on the human body on the basis of the doctrines of systematic correspondence. Comprehensive attempts at including pharmaceutical knowledge in the secular science of systematic correspondence were initiated only beginning with the early twelfth century. Authors such as Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 (fl. early twelfth c.) and Wang Haogu 王好古 (thirteenth c.) pioneered the introduction of a pharmacology of systematic correspondence into materia medica literature. Likewise, the names of Liu Wansu 劉完素 (1120–1200), Zhang Congzheng 張從正 (1156–1228), Li Gao 李 杲 (1180–1251), and Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (1281–1358) are inseparably tied to the emergence of pharmacological schools pursuing different etiological notions related to the application of pharmaceutical therapy. The creative phase of a Chinese pharmacology based on the doctrines of systematic correspondence lost its momentum with the end of the Song–Jin 金–Yuan 元 era. Too many contradictions showed up between, on the one hand, the effects that a substance was supposed to have based on its parameters of flavor (wei 味) and thermoquality (qi 氣) and, on the other hand, the effects that practitioners observed in reality. The BCGM is the most voluminous example of a status quo eventually reached in materia medica literature. Hints at a theoretical explanation for the alleged therapeutic effects are found in quite a few substance entries, with references more often to the yin-yang than to the five phases doctrine. However, a lot of data on pharmaceutical substances, including their effects as individual drugs, and the approximately nine thousand pharmaceutical recipes are provided free of any theoretical justification or reference to the concept of cong lei 從類, that is, “like cures like,” as, for instance, when a medication based on the stomach of an animal is used to treat the stomach illness of a human patient. The BCGM does not avoid demonological, exorcistical references, and not infrequently, chrononumerological notions appear in advice to collect and prepare substances at specific times and to ingest them in certain amounts, with the twelfth month and the number 7 given 2

Donald Harper, ed. and trans., Early Chinese Medical Literature: The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts (London: Kegan Paul International, 1998).

13 special importance. Similarly, many of the several thousand therapeutic indications encountered in the BCGM (see vol. 1 of the Ben cao gang mu Dictionary) appear almost entirely unaffected by the yin-yang and five phases doctrines of systematic correspondence.

3. Chinese Materia medica Literature

The beginnings of Chinese interest in herbal, mineral, and animal materia medica to cure, control, and prevent disease are lost in prehistoric times. The recipe manuscripts unearthed in the early 1970s in the Ma wang dui tombs and since then in other locations, most recently the Lao guan shan 老管山 tombs, offer the earliest evidence now available of a rich lore concerning substances and their therapeutic effects and, most impressive, of a highly advanced pharmaceutical technology, the modification of items derived from nature to obtain drug forms suitable for internal and external application. The earliest full text of materia medica that we have today, describing one individual substance after another with therapeutic indications and certain characteristics permitting identification and evaluation, is assigned to the Han era. It is known as the Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, “Divine Farmer’s Classic of Materia Medica.” For centuries, mainstream materia medica texts included the full Shen nong ben cao jing and began their characterizations of substances with it.3 During China’s medieval period (post-Han through Tang 唐), a time first of disunity and foreign invasion and then of a flourishing culture enriched by stimuli from outside during the Tang dynasty, the texts as transmitted became more complex. The corpus associated with the Daoist master Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 (456–536) is one example.4 By his time, the search for longevity drugs was a major fertilizer of the expansion of Chinese pharmaceutical lore. A complicating ingredient was the arrival of Buddhist medicine in China.5 It brought not only its humoral traditions but substantial Indian and Western materia medica as well, along with specifically Buddhist methods of treatment. Following the entry of Indian and Buddhist elements, the Tang also saw the introduction of Middle Eastern materia medica. In some cases, pharmaceutical substances and theory were introduced by persons of Middle Eastern origin actually present in China. What resulted was a considerable enrichment of the Chinese tradition of materia medica, including one herbal largely devoted to Middle Eastern medicinals by an individual of Persian extraction.6 3

See the discussion of this work in Unschuld 1986, 11–28.

4

Ibid., 28–44.

5

See C. Pierce Salguero, Translating Buddhist Medicine in Medieval China (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014).

6

Chen Ming 陳明, “The Transmission of Foreign Medicine via the Silk Roads in Medieval China: A Case Study of the Haiyao Bencao 海藥本草,” Asian Medicine, Tradition and Modernity 3 (2007): 241–64.

14 In Tang times, the manuscript tradition of materia medica developed further, including the production of major texts such as the Xin xiu ben cao 新修本草, “Newly Revised Materia Medica,” compiled by several authors and published in 659 in 54 juan 卷 with 850 drug monographs.7 This was a large work. The text was still firmly rooted in the tradition of the Shen nong ben cao jing as revised by Tao Hongjing, but it was much broader than previous materia medica manuscripts. Also, for the first time in China, here was a text with illustrations of pharmaceutical substances. More than any other dynasty, the Song sought to standardize texts of every kind, including medical ones.8 Among the variety of original Song medical works, the most important are a series of official herbals. These include the Kai bao xin xiang ding ben cao 開寶新詳定本草, “Materia Medica Newly Revised in Detail during the Kai bao Reign Period,” published by various authors in 973, in 21 juan with 983 monographs. A revised version with the same number of juan was written at the orders of the emperor as the Kai bao chong ding ben cao 開寶重定本草, “Rerevised Materia Medica of the Kai Bao Reign Period,” and published the next year.9 The Jia you bu zhu shen nong ben cao 嘉祐補注神農本草, “Shen nong ben cao, Supplemented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period,” was compiled by various authors in 21 juan with 1,084 monographs and published in 1061.10 The Jing shi zheng lei bei ji ben cao 經史證類備急本草, “Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Emergencies, Based on Classics and Histories,” was compiled by Tang Shenwei 唐慎微. His manuscript comprised 1,744 monographs in 31 juan and was completed between 1080 and 1107. It was officially published in 1108 in a much-expanded official version (but with the same number of chapters and monographs).11 A further revision shortly thereafter became known as the Jing shi zheng lei da guan ben cao 經史證類大觀 本草, “Da guan Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica, Based on Classics and Histories.”12 Also a major text was the Zheng he xin xiu jing shi zheng lei bei yong ben cao 政和新修經史證類備用本草, “The Zheng he Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Practical Use, Newly Revised and Based on Classics and Histories,” a revision of the previous work in 30 juan with 1,748 monographs.13 Another important Northern Song herbal, more specialized, was the Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草, “Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica,” by Su Song 蘇 敬 and others, published in 1062 in 21 juan with 634 drug monographs. As the title suggests, the emphasis was on illustrations; the drug descriptions came from the 7

Unschuld 1986, 44–45.

8

For an introduction to Song medicine see Asaf Goldschmidt, The Evolution of Chinese Medicine: Song Dynasty, 960–1200 (London: Routledge, 2009).

9

Unschuld 1986, 55–58.

10 Ibid., 60–64. 11 Ibid., 70–71. 12 Ibid., 72–77. 13 Ibid., 77.

15 Xin xiu ben cao. This was the first text of its kind in Chinese history whose primary content was illustrations.14 Major Southern Song materia medica included still another version of Tang Shenwei’s work, the Chong xiu zheng he jing shi zheng lei bei yong ben cao 重修政和 經史證類備用本草, “The Zheng he Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Practical Use, Repeatedly Revised and Based on Classics and Histories,” published in 1249 in 30 juan with 1,746 monographs.15 It is profusely illustrated, and subsequently illustration became the standard rather than the exception. By the time Li Shizhen began to assemble material for his encyclopedia, materia medica literature had vastly expanded beyond its original structure of an all-encompassing listing of substance descriptions, which reached from the early Shen nong ben cao jing through the great herbals of the Song era, when this main tradition ended. Over the centuries, numerous authors had introduced new formats. Materia medica literature came to include works focusing on one single substance, on the substances of one geographical region (such as the Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方 草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees from the Southern Regions”), or on plants only. Some authors restricted their discussion to substances that served both as food and as medicinals, while others prepared handbooks with an emphasis on the pharmaceutical preparation of each substance. Works in verse helped students to memorize pharmaceutical texts; lists of secondary names enabled pharmacists, physicians, and users to cross terminological barriers among the many regions of China. In short, much more than conceptualized medicine relying on acupuncture and lifestyle, health care and disease management based on pharmaceutical therapy had continuously expanded its knowledge base and armamentarium. Such was the situation when Li Shizhen sat down with his team to compile the largest work ever in the premodern history of Chinese materia medica.

4. The Sources Cited 4.1. Materia medica and Medical Texts When compiling the BCGM, Li Shizhen and his team relied on the major materia medica works described above, with most of their quotes taken from the Jing shi zheng lei da guan ben cao and the Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草. They also exploited rare and uncommon textual sources, at times including second-hand citations (sometimes not even cited correctly) of lost texts. Another important and common type of source for the BCGM was collections of recipes, some of which had been compiled with specific purposes in mind. There were many of these available. Among those used by Li Shizhen, works like the Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, “Emergency Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold,” of Sun Simiao 孫思邈, and the Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, “Recipes for Emergencies to Be Kept Close at Hand,” written by Ge Hong 葛洪 and later supplemented by Tao Hongjing, feature most promi14 Ibid., 64–68. 15 Ibid., 81–82.

16 nently. A specialized book in this tradition is the Southern Song Fu ren liang fang da quan 婦人良方大全, “Great Compendium of Good Recipes for Women,” by Chen Ziming 陳自明. Also cited, of course, are important general and specialized medical works, such as the Ban lun cui ying 癍論萃英, “Condensed Quintessence of Discourses on Macule [Sores],” written by Wang Haogu 王好古 in the thirteenth century, the famous Zhu bing yuan hou lun 諸病源候論, “Discourse on the Origins and Symptoms of All Diseases,” by the Sui 隋 dynasty author Chao Yuanfang 巢元方, and the classic Huang di nei jing Su wen 黃帝內經素問, “The Yellow Thearch’s Inner Classic: Basic Questions.” Clinical texts referred to include diagnostic manuals, manuals to keep your parents alive with good medicine, and works concerning key medical diagnostic topics, such as pulse taking. Other texts cited deal with dietary medicine, a popular topic in China, where little distinction was made between what we might consider medicine and food, and the BCGM even quotes specialized works on techniques like moxibustion. Finally, the BCGM uses veterinary texts as sources, since these often have the same approaches as texts for human medicine, thus their particular value. 4.2 Sources beyond Materia medica and Medical Literature In composing the BCGM, Li Shizhen and his team used or at least cited 952 authors. The current dictionary shows first and foremost, clearly and unmistakably, the depth of the written information available to this editorial team. Each entry, where possible, lists the number of times its title is cited, although this figure has a specific meaning and only a limited use because of the BCGM’s tendency to refer to works even when they have been lost or are unavailable and the citation is second-hand, usually from an encyclopedia such as the Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, “Imperial Overview of the Tai ping Reign Period.” Many BCGM sources are, in fact, cited in this manner and usually do not mention the precise secondary or tertiary source from which the information was actually taken. This methodology may lead to some confusion. For example, the BCGM cites two works called Guang zhou ji 廣州記, “Records of Guang zhou,” which are additionally referred to as Guang zhou zhi 廣州志, “Guang zhou Gazetteer,” by mistake. Both Guang zhou ji texts are lost, so the twenty-eight references to them in the BCGM cannot be to the originals but must be to fragments in secondary sources such as the Tai ping yu lan or the similar Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, “Collection of Literature Arranged by Categories.” While early sources such as the Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, “Essential Arts of the Common People,” clearly differentiated between them, from Song times on people citing them second-hand were more and more unaware of their authorship and occasionally regarded the two texts as one. The BCGM partook of this confusion in its many second- and third-hand citations of these works. Other typical sources, some well known, some rare, include historiographical texts: standard histories of the Han (two), Tang (two), and many other dynasties, many private histories (that is, written by individuals and not officially issued by the government), and collections of documents such as the great government en-

17 cyclopedia Da Ming hui dian 大明會典, “Collected Statutes of the Great Ming.” Some focus on institutions, for instance the Tang hui yao 唐會要, “Institutional History of the Tang,” and the Tong dian 通典, “Comprehensive Statutes,” China’s first purely institutional history, written in the late eighth century by Du You 杜 佑. Widely used were gazetteers containing descriptions of specific areas and their customs, including general gazetteers for the whole of Ming China, such as the Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Great Ming,” and geographical works, some dealing with mythogeography rather than real geography, such as the Shan hai jing 山海經, “Classic of Mountains and Seas.” In the BCGM we also find many accounts of foreign countries, discussions of local products (usually from a narrow region), and citations of texts devoted to science and technology or to natural science in general, such as the Bo wu zhi 博 物志, “Monograph on a Wide Range of Things,” and the Tai ping guang ji 太平廣 記, “Extensive Records of the Tai ping Reign Period.” Li Shizhen and his team also used various agricultural manuals, like the Toba Wei 魏 Qi min yao shu, by Jia Sixie 賈思勰. This is far more than a simple agricultural manual, however, with contents reaching from rich practical botanical and zoological material to detailed veterinary information. They also used monographs on plants, such as the Ming Ai ye zhuan 艾葉傳, “Notes on Mugwort,” by Li Yanwen 李言聞, and the Tang Cha jing 茶經, “Tea Classic,” by Lu Yu 陸羽, and on specialized topics like beekeeping, such as the Feng ji 蜂記, “Bee Records,” by Wang Yucheng 王禹偁. Further, the BCGM cites works of philosophers such as the Baopu zi 抱朴子, “Master Embracing Simplicity,” of Ge Hong 葛洪, classics and commentaries on these classics like the Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Insects, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs,” by Lu Ji 陸璣 (also appears as 陸機), and dictionaries and lexicographical texts of every sort (including rhyme references) and commentaries on such texts. There are citations of literary collections, such as those of the Song polymath Su Shi 蘇軾, who also contributed many essays, and even entire specialized works as source material, anthologies of particular kinds of literature like poetry and classical essays, individual poems, songs, and rhapsodies (fu 賦), letters with relevant information, books of essential texts to support the study of calligraphy with many reproduced inscriptions, and individual inscriptions preserved in general compilations. Other literary references were major works such as the Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考, “Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources,” an anthology and discussion written by Ma Duanlin 馬端臨 during Yuan times, collections of short stories and individual short stories, “brush notes” (bi ji 筆記), and collections of short essays on a variety of topics including plants and medicinals. Nearly all the examples given above contained some kind of material on plants or medicinals or provided biographical or theoretical discussions or other connected information that appeared important to Li Shizhen and his team. Nothing was irrelevant. Collections of biographies, including those of Daoists, immortals, and other supernatural or mythological personages, loom large in the BCGM. It also cites catalogues of various kinds (some on archaeology and art), special historical inscriptions,

18 bibliographies, travelogues, and reports on embassies, such as the Yuan-period Chu shi xi yu ji 出使西域記, “Record of One Who Served as an Envoy in the Western Regions,” by Liu Yu 劉郁. Buddhist texts are also referenced, mostly sutras but also books on Buddhist topology like the late Northern Wei Luo yang qie lan ji 洛陽伽 藍記, “Record of the Buddhist Temples of Luo yang,” by Yang Xuanzhi 楊衒之. A great many Daoist and alchemical texts are also cited, some more specific than others, including works on sexual alchemy such as the Su nü jing 素女經, “Classic of the Pure Woman.” And there are, last but not least, references to calendars and calendar commentaries, books on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯), and cosmological and astronomical texts. All in all, we find a vast variety of genres and texts used as sources in the BCGM, the above list constituting a not remotely exhaustive but rather highly selective overview. So much for the literary sources. But the BCGM does not cite only texts or scattered fragments of texts. It also refers to their authors and to a great many other individuals somehow associated with these works or with other stories, anecdotes, and hearsay reproduced from unnamed sources and elaborated upon in the BCGM. These latter accounts often preserve information found nowhere else. Hundreds of such examples are included in the present work, making it a dictionary not only of the texts used by Li Shizhen and his team but also of arcane lore associated with individuals whose brief biographies are given where possible (in addition to major figures, whose biographies are of course given as well). Sometimes this lore appears in the form of references that seem intended more to mention famous people because of their fame than to provide real information—in these cases, little more is done than name-dropping. Note that such material is nearly always presented in the context of the history of specific pharmaceutically used substances. Quite likely, these connections of certain names with pharmaceutical substances already existed in other texts, from which convenient sources of information the BCGM team simply took them. Li Shizhen based the presentation of the vast amount of data excerpted in his BCGM from this wide range of sources on a novel approach. All the authors of the works of the main tradition had simply gathered, within one substance description, comments copied from previous books and added their own views. The result, toward the end of this tradition, was huge works that proved rather difficult to consult. To learn the specifics of a substance, readers had to pass through the wordings of many different authors from up to the thousand previous years. There was hardly any guidance as to which data might be reliable and which might be faulty. Li Shizhen, possibly following the model of the early sixteenth-century Yu zhi ben cao pin hui jing yao 御制本草品彙精要, “Materia Medica Written on Imperial Order, Containing Essential and Important Material Arranged in Systematic Order,” perfected a rather sophisticated structure of substance descriptions. He divided each monograph into several data categories, including the name, general explanatory notes, pharmaceutical processing, thermoquality and flavor, main indications, correction of mistakes, and recipes, to mention the most important ones.

19

5. The Dictionary Entries The alphabetical order of this dictionary is guided by the following rules: In the pinyin transcription of names of persons, names with two Chinese syllables—for instance, given names (ming 名), style names (zi 字), literary names (hao 號), and foreign names—are written as a single word, following the rules in The Chicago Manual of Style. Forms of address (e.g., xiansheng 先生) are also written this way. The transcripted syllables of official and professional titles (e.g., cheng xiang 丞相, jiao shou 教授), in comparison, are separated. For example, it is Zheng Siyuan 鄭思 遠 but Zheng xiang guo 鄭相國, “Zheng, minister of state.” If in doubt as to where to find the entry for a certain person, the reader is advised to consult appendix C for quick reference. Pinyin transcriptions of book titles, however, are always written with separated syllables, with the exception of names of persons. For example, it will be Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, “101 Selected Recipes,” but Shizhai bai yi fang 是齋 百一方, “101 Recipes of [Wang] Shizhai.” Again, an appendix of book titles appears at the end of this volume to facilitate searches. The entries in this dictionary follow typical patterns, described below. 5.1. Bibliographical Entries The headline of each entry includes the title and a full translation of the title. The name under which a text is listed is usually the one that appears in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM, and alternative names used in the main text are cross-referenced to this main entry. This means that the name under which we list a book is not necessarily the commonly used one in the standard bibliographical sources and elsewhere. To facilitate the search for such titles, we have therefore begun their entries with “This is the XXX” and entered the proper title XXX into the list of books in appendix D. There are some exceptions to this rule of following the BCGM’s bibliography, however: If Li Shizhen (LSZ) listed the text under an erroneous name, we have placed the entry under its correct name. And if the BCGM’s bibliography has only an abbreviated or very uncommon name of a text but the main text mentions the complete or proper name, we have also placed the entry under this complete or proper name. The entry itself begins with a brief characterization of the text. This is followed by information on the title’s first appearance in a bibliographical source (labeled FE, for “first [bibliographical] entry”). We regard book catalogues and bibliographical treatises in dynastic histories as standard bibliographical sources, since they usually provide title, author (if identifiable), and book length. Sometimes textual sources used by the BCGM are not mentioned in these standard bibliographies or appear there only centuries after being written but are in bibliographies of encyclopedias such as the Tai ping yu lan or of materia medica works like the Zheng lei ben cao. In such cases, we have marked the first occurrence with “See bibliography of the XXX.” However, some texts do not appear in any bibliography at all. In these cases we have provided the title of the earliest book or collection to cite them, labeled as EE, “earliest evidence.” We then provide alternative names (AN) for these texts found

20 in other standard bibliographies. If the BCGM’s designation for a book differs from that listed in the book’s first bibliographical entry, the latter title is marked “AN there” or “AN originally.” Each entry then provides the author’s name (including information on controversies about the authorship where relevant), the date of compilation/completion (DC), and the size of the text (including alternative versions, labeled AV). The rest of the entry consists of a brief overview of the text’s contents, additional significant information (such as notes on the text’s history, its identification, mistakes made by the BCGM team), and a list of alternative names used in the BCGM, as well as their respective number of occurrences. All of these names are listed in the dictionary, with a cross-reference to the main entry. Note that if Li Shizhen used only one name for a text throughout the BCGM, the number of occurrences is given in the headline of its entry. The following are some examples of bibliographical entries. The first is of a mainstream medical work, the Yuan-dynasty dietary manual Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正 要, “Proper and Essential Things for [the Emperor’s] Beverages and Food,” a text still widely used today, influential thanks to its Mongolian-era animal medicine— that is, instructions to eat specific parts of animals to counter specific conditions, a genuine Mongol introduction. Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正要, “Proper and Essential Things for [the Emperor’s] Beverages and Food” Yuan 元 dynasty book on dietetic therapy and nutrition. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Hu Sihui 忽思慧 and his associates. DC 1330. 3 juan. The text mixes and synthesizes Chinese, Middle Eastern, and Mongolian culinary traditions. Juan 1 includes Daoist lore, a detailed discussion of various dietary taboos (including some concerning pregnant and postpartum women and wet nurses), and 95 exotic recipes used at court. Juan 2 focuses on beverages and medical recipes, along with more material on avoidances. Juan 3 consists of a list of 230 materia medica and dietetica. LSZ frequently uses the work as a source for recipes and newly presented pharmaceutical substances, referring to it as Yin shan zheng yao [26], as Zheng yao 正要, “Proper and Essential Things” [39], and by the name of the author, as Hu shi 忽氏, “Mr. Hu” [1]. He also refers to a Yin shan biao ti 飲膳標題, “Headings for the Emperor’s Food and Drink” [1], but this is a different book, further information on which is unavailable. As described above, the entry begins with the book’s title as listed in the BCGM’s bibliography, which is fully translated as definitively as we can. Note that shan 膳 is an honorific word for the food of some highly placed individuals, such as the emperor, thus the translation. The entry then gives a brief characterization of the book and notes its first appearance in a bibliography, although it must have been known before the time of this bibliography, and fragments of the Yuan original edition still exist. This is followed by a summary of the text’s contents and the use that the

21 BCGM makes of it, including mention of another work that the authors possibly mistook for this text. Such notes are often useful, since the BCGM sometimes confuses works with similar names, showing that they were, more often than not, cited second-hand and not actually consulted by the BCGM team. This may not have been the case with the Yin shan zheng yao, whose confusion with the Yin shan biao ti was probably just an oversight. The following example introduces an anonymous work, one of many often lost Daoist texts cited from secondary sources in the BCGM: Ba di xuan bian jing 八帝玄變經, “The Eight Thearchs’ Classic of Mysterious Changes” Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN there Tai shang ba di xuan bian jing 太上八帝玄變經, “Classic of the Mysterious Changes of the Eight Thearchs of the Great Loftiness.” The ZLBC cites the book’s alchemical lore and some pharmaceutical information. Today two works possibly connected to this text exist, both preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). The first is the Dong sheng ba di yuan [= xuan] bian jing 洞 神八帝元[玄]變經, “Classic of the Original [Mysterious] Changes of the Eight Thearchs from the Cavern of Spirits”; the other is the Dong shen ba di miao jing jing 洞神八帝妙精經, “Classic of the Miraculous Essence of the Eight Thearchs from the Cavern of Spirits.” The former lacks information on alchemical methods, but the latter does have a “small elixir method” (xiao dan fa 小丹法) that corresponds to a citation of the Ba di xuan bian jing in the ZLBC, which seems to have conflated the two works. Based on the ZLBC, LSZ refers to the Ba di xuan bian jing [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not mention the title in his main text. However, he also cites a Tai shang xuan bian jing 太上玄 變經, “Classic of the Mysterious Changes of the Great Loftiness” [3], in his bibliographical sections and in the main text. Upon comparison, this material is identical with that of the Tai shang ba di xuan bian jing cited in the ZLBC, therefore the text must be the same as LSZ’s Ba di xuan bian jing. LSZ thus apparently duplicated references in his bibliographical sections. The title Ba di xuan bian jing, not clearly identifiable as that of one particular book, does not appear in any standard bibliography but is cited second-hand from the Zheng lei ben cao, which uses an alternative name (AN) that is actually an amalgam of two titles. Of course, in such a case there cannot be any data about authorship, date of compilation, or size. Li Shizhen apparently copied the Zheng lei ben cao’s bibliographical entry for this work without mentioning its title in the main text— simply transcribing entries from other bibliographies without using the cited books being a frequently applied procedure in the BCGM. However, tracing the origin of the BCGM citation, this entry reveals that somewhere along the line of textual

22 transmission, not only did the Zheng lei ben cao amalgamate two titles into one, but this new title was also mistaken for two different texts during the compilation of the BCGM bibliography. This entry thus reveals one of the many inconsistencies concerning citations of texts and authors in the BCGM—for instance, erroneous book titles and attributions of authorship, incorrect first- or second-hand citations, duplicated or absent bibliographical entries—a symptom of the complicated processes involved in textual transmission and in the compilation of eclectic texts such as this. The third example, also typical, is the entry for one of the most important BCGM sources, as mentioned above, an encyclopedia: Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, “Imperial Overview of the Tai ping reign Period” Song 宋 dynasty encyclopedia. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by → Li Fang 李昉 and others at imperial order of → Song Tai zong 宋 太宗. DC 976–984. 1000 juan, divided into 5363 categories. The book uses a wide variety of sources, 1690 works in all. These include 100 Han 漢 dynasty biographies, 200 ancient local geographies, and many Han period texts on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯). Most of these are now lost, therefore the Tai ping yu lan provides a valuable source for older material. Even though LSZ does not cite the text directly very often, as Tai ping yu lan [3] and as Yu lan 御覽, “Imperial Overview” [4], the book constituted one of LSZ’s most important sources for secondhand quotations of early materia medica literature. Like the first example, this entry provides full bibliographical details, in this case including authorship and official sponsorship. It describes the scope of the encyclopedia and comments on its use in the BCGM. One could conclude from the number of citations that the BCGM team rarely used the Tai ping yu lan, but that was not the case in the least, as suggested by what was said above about how the BCGM treats its sources. It is thus clear that the number of a given source’s citations can have very little to say about its real importance. Finally, here is another example of the complicated processes of textual transmission and citation reflected in the BCGM: Yao dui 藥對, “Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances”  [24] → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對  or   [1] In Li Dangzhi yao dui 李當之藥對, “Li Dangzhi’s Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances,” this is an erroneous name for the → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄. The second subentry reveals an incorrect labeling of material originating from a book of a different name. Moreover, the first subentry, in cross-referencing two other subentries, shows that Yao dui is an abbreviation for two different texts called Lei

23 gong yao dui 雷公藥對, “Lei gong’s Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances.” The Lei gong yao dui entry, too large to be reproduced here, clearly shows that Li Shizhen not only was mistaken about the history of these two texts but also incorrectly attributed all the material from the earlier work to the later one. 5.2. Biographical Entries Entries on persons cover authors of texts as well as other, sometimes legendary, individuals, official titles, and groups of people associated in some way or another with pharmaceutical substances. As with source text entries, we have followed the BCGM: that is, persons are listed under the name used by the BCGM unless referred to only by an incorrect name there, in which case they are listed under their proper name, with a cross-reference from the incorrect name. As well-known people in Chinese history commonly have various designations—their given name, style name, literary name, official title, or other nickname—the BCGM accordingly uses various designations for one and the same individual. We have usually listed such people under their given name, with cross-references from the other names used by the BCGM, unless it doesn’t mention the given name at all. In that case, we have begun our entry with “this is XXX” and added the name XXX to appendix C. If available, the individual’s life dates appear in the headline of the entry; if not, a rough time span is given in a brief description of the person’s identity. Following the structure of Chinese biographies, information on the person’s other names, their birthplace, and their official posts comes next. Note that we have listed official posts, including their translation (according to Hucker’s dictionary),16 only if very little is known about the person otherwise, if the official title is in some way relevant to the designations used by Li Shizhen, or in the case of very high government positions. This basic information is followed by the available landmarks of the person’s biography. In the case of authors, this includes the books they wrote; in the case of other people, their association with a pharmaceutical substance or recipe. The following example is an entry on a major medical figure, one referred to a large number of times in the BCGM (in this case the number of citations probably does correspond to real use). This is not surprising, given that Sun Simiao was the author of numerous famous medical texts, his best-known work being the Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, “Emergency Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold.” The entry lists this text and a great many others. It also makes clear that Sun was a polymath with interests ranging far beyond Confucianism. Sun Simiao 孫思邈 (581–682?) Tang 唐 dynasty physician. A man of Hua yuan 華原 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Luo xian 耀縣 in Shaan xi 陝西. He received the title of Miaoying zhenren 妙應真人, “Perfected One of Subtle Responses,” and was therefore called Sun zhenren 孫真人, “Sun the Perfected One.” Both the “Old” and the “New History of the Tang” (→ Tang shu 16 Charles O. Hucker, A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985).

24 唐書) contain his biography. Allegedly, Sun was considered a person of outstanding literary talent who was well versed in Confucianist thought as well as Daoism and Buddhism. He is described as having lived as a recluse at various stages of his life and having been repeatedly summoned to court by successive emperors. Most of this is not proven fact. Books written by Sun Simiao or attributed to him are numerous. Those used extensively by LSZ include the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金 備急方, the → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方, the → Qian jin sui fang 千 金髓方, the → Qian jin yue ling fang 千金月令方, the → Qian jin shi zhi 千金食治, the → Sun zhenren shi ji 孫真人食忌, and the → Zhen zhong ji 枕中記 . Apart from these, the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” attributes various other works to Sun, e.g., the → Zhen zhong su shu 枕中素書, the → She sheng zhen lu 攝生真錄, the → Fu lu lun 福祿論, the → San jiao lun 三教論, and commentaries on the → Lao zi 老子  and the → Zhuang zi 莊子 . LSZ refers to Sun as Sun Simiao [214], as Sun zhenren [48], and as Simiao 思邈 [142]. References to Sun 孫 [2] alone are to the Qian jin shi zhi. Next is an example of a purely mythological figure. But mythology though the reference might be, many such stories were still believed in Ming China or were at least a vital part of the cultural background and medicine of the time. There are hundreds of entries like this. Wu Gang 吳剛 [1] Mythological person, the immortal in the moon palace. According to the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎, he overindulged in his quest for immortality and was relegated to felling “moon cassia trees” (yue gui 月 桂). The last entry quoted here is an example of a designation that can refer to either a person or a variety of books, and the text of the BCGM leaves it up in the air as to what the editorial team was thinking. Bian Que 扁鵲  Warring States period physician, also known as Qin Yue ren 秦越人. A man of Zheng 鄚 in Bo hai 渤海 commandery, the center of which was located southeast of present-day Cang zhou 滄州 in He bei 河北. Bian Que has a biography in the → Shi ji 史記 and his treatments are recorded in the → Zhan guo ce 戰國策. He is frequently claimed as the author of later books, including the → Nan jing 難經. However, it is to be assumed that Bian Que was a designation for a good physician of the Warring States period rather than a specific individual. LSZ refers to this assumed person as Bian Que [10], as Bian 扁 [1], and (in connection with the Nan jing) as Qin Yue ren [2]. Drawing upon the

25 Shi ji, LSZ also erroneously assigns ideas associated with Bian Que about the “six conditions that cannot be cured” (liu bu zhi 六不治) to → Chunyu Yi 淳於意.

 [42] Pre-Han 漢 MM [materia medica] attributed to → Bian Que 扁鵲 . The → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 quoted fragments, and LSZ frequently adds the name Bian Que to quotations from the latter book when discussing characteristics of pharmaceutic substances.

 [11] Pre-Tang 唐 dietary manual attributed to → Bian Que 扁鵲 . Material from this text on dietary prohibitions is found in the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, from which LSZ cites second-hand.

 Cf. → Bian Que fang 扁鵲方

The famous physician Bian Que is cited by name in many cases, but his name is also used as a metonym for various texts associated with him, with resulting confusion. Under  the full biography of Bian Que is given, or at least what we know about him, since the real Bian Que is something of a mythical figure. The other subentries are for books written by or attributed to Bian Que. The BCGM editorial staff ’s use of his name in metonymy sometimes involves the mislabeling of fragments. In general, we have attempted to count the number of times each of the works attributed to him is mentioned by assessing the context of the quotations and, if necessary and possible, by comparing them with the original text. In our dictionary we have tried to gloss all references to people, no matter how fleeting their association with texts or pharmaceutical substances may be. The BCGM has its important people and those who are referred to again and again. These include famous doctors, famous authors of medical texts, famous patients (particularly when they were prominent people), famous scholars somehow connected with medicine, famous Daoists and Buddhists, and politicians and writers, plus a large number of emperors and also some generals. Among the major biographical sources in the BCGM are those referring to military figures such as the marshal Bo Yan 伯颜 (1236–1295), also called Bayan or Ba Yan 巴延, the conqueror of Song, cited appropriately with reference to a Mongolian medical practice of using whole animal skins. Mentioned in much the same way are Jia Sidao 賈似道 (1213–1275), a high official and “bad last minister” of Southern Song, and one prominent Song loyalist, likewise with a specific medical context, Wen Tianxiang 文天祥 (1236–1283). Important emperors are included, with some medical connection established, no matter how slight, such as Han Gao zu 漢高 祖 (256 or 247–195), also known as Liu Bang 劉邦, the founder of the Western Han dynasty. And the military and political strategist Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 (181–234) appears in the BCGM, alongside hoary cultural heroes like Da Yu 大禹, the Great Yu, the legendary ancient tribal leader who became famous for preventing floods through water control. Examples of more obscure people are a Cai yi bo 蔡醫博, “Medical-erudite Cai,” a Southern Song medical official, and Hu Yongzhi 胡用之, a Northern Song judge. Further, the BCGM includes a Xia ji 夏姬, “concubine Xia,” of the Spring and Au-

26 tumn period, and a Poluo-men seng 婆羅門僧, “Brahman Monk,” a Tang-era Indian Buddhist priest who in 713 offered a recipe to Emperor Ming 明 of Tang (712–756). The important thing concerning the multitude of people mentioned in the BCGM is that such biographical references are a key part of the justification of the therapeutic use of a particular pharmaceutical substance or medical practice. The more famous the person involved, the better, although a simple Daoist will do as well. In conclusion, given all the references in the BCGM to people, books, and other texts, what are we supposed to get out of the present dictionary? First of all, it will enable readers of the BCGM to identify the many works and persons quoted by Li Shizhen and his team, whose names in the BCGM are all too often marred by misspelling, obscure abbreviation, and erroneous attribution. In addition, this dictionary provides us with a guide to what an educated individual or team of individuals felt the urge to refer to in the sixteenth century—namely, what was important to scholars of Chinese medical literature and natural history research. This list of people and texts shows what was available and what the relevant medical literature was based on at the time.

II. PErSONS aNd LITErary SOurCES Abbreviations: AN AV CMM DC EE FE MM SE

Alternative name Alternative version Comprehensive materia medica Date of composition Earliest evidence First bibliographical entry Materia medica Substance entry

BCGM LSZ MYBL TJBC ZLBC

= Ben cao gang mu 本草綱目 = Li Shizhen 李時珍 = Ming yi bie lu 明醫別錄 = Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草 = Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草

-aai di 哀帝 (25-1 BCE) [1] This is Han Ai di 漢哀帝, i.e., Liu Xin 劉欣, emperor of the Western Han 漢 dynasty, r. 7-1 BCE. LSZ reports a case of a male transforming into a female during his reign in SE ren gui 人傀. ai Sheng 艾晟 [1] Northern Song 宋 official. During the da guan 大觀 reign period (1107-1111) he held various local posts. A “scholarly worthy” (ji xian 集賢) called Sun 孫 ordered Ai to revise the Jing shi zheng lei bei ji ben cao 經史證類備急本草, “Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Emergencies, Based on Classics and Histories,” (→ ZLBC) of → Tang Shenwei 唐慎微. Ai Sheng added statements

28 by → Chen Cheng 陳承 to the ZLBC and several entries of his own. The book was published in 1108 under the new title Da guan jing shi zheng lei bei ji ben cao 大觀經史證類備急本草, “The Da guan Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Emergencies, Based on Classics and Histories.” commonly abbreviated to → Da guan ben cao 大觀本草. LSZ refers to Ai Sheng by name and in SE mu lian 木蓮 erroneously attributes the contributions by Ai Sheng to Tang Shenwei. Ai ye zhuan 艾葉傳, “Notes on Mugwort” Ming 明 dynasty specialized monograph on mugwort leaves (ai ye 艾葉). See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Qi ai zhuan 蘄艾傳, “Notes on Mugwort from Qi.” Written by → Li Yanwen 李言聞. DC 16th century. 1 juan. Now lost, but LSZ uses most of the text’s relevant material. He cites the work as Ai ye zhuan [1] in his bibliographical sections and Qi ai zhuan [1] in the main text. aizhu 愛竹 → Tan sou 談藪   aizhu weng 愛竹翁 → Tan sou 談藪   an Jincang 安金藏 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. A man of Chang an 長安, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Originally he served as a musician at the Tai chang si 太常寺 (Zen) monastery. At the beginning of the reign of Empress Wu Zetian 武則天 (→ Wu hou 武候, r. 689-704) he tried to emphasize that the heir apparent had no intentions of rebellion and cut open his own abdomen in this context. Later he was awarded a military post. His story is reported in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), pointing out that a physician used a thread prepared from sang bai pi 桑白皮 to close the abdomen again. LSZ cites it in SE sang 桑. an Lushan 安祿山 (died 757) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general. A man of Liu cheng 柳城 in Ying zhou 營州, now Chao yang 朝陽 in Liao ning 遼寧. He was of Northern (Hu 胡) origin, in this case Sogdian. During the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756) he was enfeoffed as Prince of Dong ping 東平 prefecture. In 755 he raised an army and started a rebellion. At one time he used lang dang 莨菪 wine to intoxicate the Xi 奚 and Qidan 契丹 people (→ Xi Qidan 奚契丹). an Qisheng 安期生 [3] Daoist of Qin 秦 and Han 漢 times. A man of Lang ya 琅琊 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Legend has it that he consumed longevity medication, obtained the Dao and rose to the status of an immortal. The → Shi ji 史記, the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , and the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 report his story, and LSZ takes this over in SE shao yao 芍藥 and chang pu 菖蒲. ang Shu 卬疏 [1] Legendary immortal. According to the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, Ang Shu lived during the Zhou 周 era and reached an age of one thousand years. Allegedly he was able to move qi to strengthen his physical appearance. He cooked “stone

29 marrow,” shi sui 石髓, (identified by LSZ as “stalactites”) to ingest the resulting liquid. LSZ cites this in SE shi nao 石腦.

-BBa cao ling bian pian 八草靈變篇, “Chapter on Eight Herbs and Numinous Changes” [2] Lost book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The author’s name is not indicated, and the book is not mentioned in the standard bibliographies. It also seems that no writer prior to LSZ used the text as a source. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text. LSZ refers to the similarity between the book’s material with some in the Daoist Bao zang lun 寶藏論, “Discourse on the Precious Treasury,” (→ Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun 軒轅述寶藏論), so one may assume that the Ba cao ling bian pian was a Daoist book as well. Ba cui fang 拔萃方 → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方 Ba di sheng hua jing 八帝聖化經, “The Eight Thearchs’ Classic of Sagely Transformations” Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN Dao shu ba di sheng hua jing 道書八帝聖化經, “Book of the Dao, Classic of the Eight Thearchs and Sagely Transformations.” The book is not listed in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). LSZ cites the book second hand from the ZLBC, referring to it as Ba di sheng hua lun [1] in his bibliographical sections and in the main text as Sheng hua jing 聖化經, “Classic of Sagely Transformation,” [1]. Ba di xuan bian jing 八帝玄變經, “The Eight Thearchs’ Classic of Mysterious Changes” Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN there Tai shang ba di xuan bian jing 太上八帝玄變經, “Classic of the Mysterious Changes of the Eight Thearchs of the Great Loftiness.” The ZLBC cites the book’s alchemical lore and some pharmaceutical information. Today two works possibly connected to this text exist, both preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). The first is the Dong sheng ba di yuan [= xuan] bian jing 洞神 八帝元[玄]變經, “Classic of the Original [Mysterious] Changes of the Eight Thearchs from the Cavern of Spirits”, the other is the Dong shen ba di miao jing jing 洞神八帝妙精經, “Classic of the Miraculous Essence of the Eight Thearchs from the Cavern of Spirits.” The former lacks information on alchemical methods, but the latter does have a “small elixir method” (xiao dan fa 小丹法) that corresponds to a citation of the Ba di xuan bian jing in the ZLBC, which seems to have conflated the two works. Based on the ZLBC, LSZ refers to the Ba di xuan bian jing [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not mention the title in his main text. However, he also cites a Tai shang xuan bian jing 太上玄變經, “Classic of the Mysterious Changes of the Great Loftiness” [3], in his bibli-

30 ographical sections and in the main text. Upon comparison, this text is the same as that of the Tai shang ba di xuan bian jing of the ZLBC and therefore the same as LSZ’s Ba di xuan bian jing. LSZ thus apparently duplicated references in his bibliographical sections. Ba gong 八公 → Huai nan ba gong 淮南八公 Ba Shu yi wu zhi 巴蜀異物志, “records of Extraordinary Creatures from Ba and Shu” [2] Lost book. EE → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, no author given. The Ming 明 writer → Yang Shen 楊慎 in his Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) attributes the book to → Qiao Zhou 譙周 of Three Kingdoms Shu 蜀. LSZ does not include the work in his bibliographical sections but quotes fragments from the Er ya yi and the Dan qian yu lu. Bai bing fang 百病方, “recipes for the Hundred diseases” Lost Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經 籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Hu Qia 胡洽. 2 juan (AV 3 juan). Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺 秘要方, the → TJBC, and other books. This material is used by LSZ, who refers to the work as Bai bing fang [5], as Hu Qia fang 胡洽方, “Recipes of Hu Qia,” [7], and as Hu Jushi fang 胡居士方, “Recipes of Hu the Recluse,” [2]. He also refers to the author’s name alone as Hu Qia [12], as Hu Qia jushi 胡洽居士 [12], and as Hu Jushi 胡居士 [2]. Bai chuan xue hai 百川學海, “The Hundred Streams Ocean of Learning” [1] Song 宋 dynasty collection of books (cong shu 叢書). Compiled by Zuo Gui 左 圭. DC 1265-1274. 10 collections, comprising 100 books, 177 juan. Many unofficial histories and miscellaneous discussions from Tang 唐 and Song times are preserved in the collection. The Bai chuan xue hai is China’s earliest printed cong shu. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in his main text. It is possible, however, that he drew material from the books contained in the Bai chuan xue hai without indicating their source. Bai fa bian 白髮辨 → Kun shan xiao gao 崑山小稿 Bai Feixia 白飛霞 → Han Mao 韓  Bai Feixia fang 白飛霞方 → Fang wai qi fang 方外奇方 Bai gan lu 百感錄, “records of the One Hundred Influences” [2] Lost Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Qin ding xu wen xian tong kao 欽定續文獻通 考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources, Edited by Imperial Order.” Written by Chen Xiang 陳相 (AV Ding Xiang 丁 相). DC 1510. 1 juan (AV 2 juan). The book imitates the → Zhuang zi 莊子  in using worms/bugs and fish in parables. Although the work is now lost, it was frequently quoted by Ming dynasty authors who had seen the original book, so it is to be assumed that LSZ also used it. The author Chen Xiang, style name Rubi 汝弼, literary name Guye daoren 古埜 道人, “The Ancient and Rustic Daoist,” was a man of Huai ning 怀寧.

31 Bai hu tong 白虎通, “discussions at the White Tiger [Hall]” [3] Eastern Han 漢 dynasty book, the abbreviated name for the Bai hu tong yi 白虎 通義, “Comprehensive Meanings [of Discussions] in the White Tiger [Hall].” AN Bai hu tong de lun 白虎通德論, “Discourse on the Discussions about Virtue at the White Tiger [Hall].” Compiled and written by → Ban Gu 班固 and others. 4 juan. The book is a record of the results of a scholarly discussion in 79 CE at the “White Tiger Hall” (bai hu guan 白虎觀), thus its name. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites material explaining the meaning of certain characters. Bai Juyi 白居易 (772-846) Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Letian 樂天, literary name in his later years Xiangshan jushi 香山居士, “Recluse of the Fragrant Mountain.” Originally from Tai yuan 太原, now in Shan xi 山西, he moved to Xia gui 下邽 in Shaan xi 陝西 later in his life. Bai held various local and national posts but was most distinguished for his literary abilities in terms of the xin yue fu 新樂府, “New Songs from the Music Bureau,” style. He was the author of a Liu tie 六帖, “Six Documents,” (→ Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖), and there is a collection of his writings, the Bai shi chang qing ji 白氏長慶集, “Mr. Bai’s Chang qing Reign Period Collection,” (→ Chang qing ji 長慶集 ). LSZ refers to Bai as Bai Juyi [3] and Bai Letian 白樂天 [1]. Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖, “Six documents of [Mr.] Bai and [Mr.] Kong” Lost Song 宋 dynasty encyclopedia. FE Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考, “Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Bai Juyi 白居易, the Tang 唐 dynasty poet, under the original name Liu tie 六帖, “Six Documents,” in 30 juan. This book was continued and revised by Kong Zhuan 孔傳 during the early Southern Song as Hou liu tie 後六帖, “The Later Six Documents,” in another 30 juan. Later, the two works were combined into the Bai Kong liu tie. 100 juan. The book collected idioms and allusions and was made use of by contemporaries when composing texts in ornate diction. It reproduces fragments from many lost books and resembles the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書 鈔 in terms of organization and style. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Bai Kong liu tie [2], as Liu tie [1], and erroneously as Liu zhan 六占, “Six Divinations,” [1]. He also refers to Kong’s text as → Kong shi liu tie 孔氏六帖 [1] and quotes other books such as the → Jiang Huai yi ren lu 江淮異人錄 second hand from the Bai Kong liu tie. Bai Letian 白樂天 → Bai Juyi 白居易 Bai Letian ji 白樂天集 → Chang qing ji 長慶集  Bai Letian shi 白樂天詩 → Chang qing ji 長慶集  Bai shi 稗史, “Book of anecdotes” Yuan 元 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Qiu Yuan 仇遠. 1 juan. The book is a record of trivial matters and anecdotes.

32 Bai ta sui 白獺髓, “Marrow of the White Otter” [2] Largely lost Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Zhang Zhongwen 張仲文 (fl. 1st half of the 13th century). 1 juan (surviving). The book focused on people and events of the period between 1131 and 1233. The → Shuo fu 説郛 preserves one juan of the book. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not name an author. The fragment he cites in the main text was probably taken from the Shuo fu. Bai yi 百一 → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 Bai yi fang 百一方, “101 recipes” Medical recipe books.  [2] In connection with the name of → Ge Hong 葛洪 (or Ge Zhichuan 葛 稚川), the title Bai yi fang is used erroneously for the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘 後備急方.

 [20] Abbreviation for the → Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一方 of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. If there is no author specified, this is the book LSZ is referring to.

 [3] Abbreviation for the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 of → Wang Qiu 王璆. Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, “101 Select recipes” Lost medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN originally Shizhai bai yi xuan fang 是齋百一選方, “101 Select Recipes of [Wang] Shizhai.” Written by → Wang Qiu 王璆, literary name Shizhai 是齋, “Studio of Rightness.” DC 1196. 20 juan (AV 30 juan, 28 juan). The name “101 recipes” refers to the book’s claim to be highly selective, but it in fact contained more than 2000 recipes listed under 31 categories. The book had a very limited circulation, but the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which is probably where LSZ got his material from, quotes from it a great deal. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and frequently quotes it in the main text, referring to it as Bai yi xuan fang [66] or as Shizhai bai yi fang 是齋百 一方, “101 Recipes of [Wang] Shizhai,” [2]. He also uses the abbreviations Bai yi fang 百一方, “101 Recipes,” [3], Bai yi 百一, “101” [1], and Xuan fang 選方, “Select Recipes,” [1], labeling these references with Wang Qiu’s name. Bai ze tu 白澤圖, “diagram of the White Swamp” [7] Lost, anonymous book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” DC probably Han 漢 dynasty. 1 juan. The title is an allusion to a myth about the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ) encountering a mythical creature with mystical knowledge of the universe in a white swamp by the seaside. According to the legend, the creature created a diagram and a text about these mysteries at the orders of the Yellow Thearch. This myth is probably what was recorded in the Bai ze tu. Fragments of the text are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → ZLBC, and other books.

33 LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and in the main text quotes material second hand from various sources. Ban Gu 班固 (32-92) [5] Eastern Han 漢 historian and scholar. Style name Mengjian 孟堅, a man of An ling 安陵 in Fu feng 扶風, located northeast of present-day Xian yang 咸陽 in Shaan xi 陝西. Ban Gu held literary posts, including one as a court historian. By imperial order, he completed the history begun by his father, Ban Biao 班彪. This task took him more than 20 years and resulted in the → Han shu 漢書, one of the standard histories. Ban Gu also participated in the compilation of the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記, he was the author of the Bai hu tong yi 白虎通義, “Comprehensive Meanings [of Discussions] in the White Tiger [Hall],” (→ Bai hu tong 白虎通) and of fu 賦 poetry such as the Liang du fu 兩都賦, “Rhapsody on the Two Capitals.” Ban lun cui ying 癍論萃英, “Condensed Quintessence of discourses on Macule [Sores]” [1] Medical text devoted entirely to “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹). EE → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方. Written by → Wang Haogu 王好古. DC 13th century. 1 juan. LSZ refers to the text in the → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草 entry in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM. Bao Chu 鮑出 [1] Late Han 漢 to Three Kingdoms period person from the state of Wei 魏. Style name Wencai 文才, a man of Xin feng 新豐 in Jing zhao 京兆, now in the northeast of Lin tong 臨潼 in Shaan xi 陝西. During the famine years of the xing ping 興平 reign period (194-195), he collected peng 蓬 for his diet. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, quoting the → Wei lüe 魏略, relates this story, and LSZ takes it over in SE peng cao zi 蓬草子. Bao Er 寶毦 → Yao Qu 瑤 眊 Bao he fang 保和方, “recipe to Protect Harmony” [1] Not a book title but the name of a recipe mentioned in SE ji 鷄 of the BCGM. Bao Hui 包會 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty medical writer. Author of the → Ying yan fang 應驗方. Further details unavailable. Bao huo bian yi 寶貨辨疑, “distinguishing doubtful Points about Precious Goods” [2] Anonymous text. See bibliography of the BCGM. The original text is part of the wu 戊 collection in the Yuan 元 period → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用. There it is referred to “authors of the old Song dynasty that received public funds” for its compilation. The Bao huo bian yi itself refers to late 12th century reigns, so the author must have lived after the time of Emperor Guang zong 光宗 (r. 1190-1194). 1 juan. The text explains how to differentiate precious materials like gold, silver, jade, agate, crystal, pearls, amber, or rhinoceros horn. During late Ming times, Hu Wenhuan 胡文煥 selected the text to make it part of the Ge zhi cong shu 格 致叢書, “Collected Books on Investigating Things and Extending Knowledge.”

34 LSZ provides the text with a separate entry in his bibliographical sections and cites material second hand from the Ju jia bi yong in the main text. Bao Ji 包佶 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official and poet. Style name Youzheng 幼正, jin shi 747. He held various legal offices and was enfeoffed as Duke of Dan yang Prefecture (Dan yang jun gong 丹陽郡公). His poems were published in 1 juan. One of them, bearing the title Bao ji xie Li li bu zeng he li le ye 抱疾謝李吏部贈訶黎勒 葉, “Thanking Li of the Ministry of Personnel for Giving Me Some Leaves of He li le While I Was Sick,” is cited by LSZ in SE he li le 訶黎勒 as → Bing zhong xie Li li bu hui he li le ye shi 病中謝李吏部惠訶黎勒葉詩. Bao jian 寶鑒 → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒 Bao Jiming 鮑季明 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. According to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, a “withdrawal powder” (qun xun san 逡廵散) transmitted by a beggar in Le qing 樂清 (→ Le qing gai zhe 樂清丐者) proved very effective in the treatment of “wind toothache” (feng ya tong 風牙痛) of one Bao Ziming 鮑子明. The Pu ji fang does not mention the source of this information. LSZ cites the story second hand from the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 in SE gao liang jiang 高良薑, rendering the name Bao Jiming. The present edition of the Bai yi xuan fang, however, holds the same recipe but neither refers to the person who transmitted it nor to anyone called Bao. Bao Jingxian 鮑景翔 (1226-1296) [1] This is the style name of Bao Yunlong 鮑雲龍, a Southern Song 宋 scholar. Literary name Luzhai 魯齋, “Dull Studio.” A man of She xian 歙縣, now part of An hui 安徽, jin shi 1258. With the conquest of his home area by the Mongols he no longer served as an official and devoted himself to mathematics. He compiled the Tian yuan fa wei 天原發微, “Exploration of the Subtleties of the Heavenly Origin,” in 1291 to elucidate the dynamics of yin and yang in heaven and on earth. LSZ cites his words in SE ren jing 人精 but fails to mention a source. Presumably he took his material from a section called Tian yi sheng shui 天一生水, “The [Star of ] Heavenly Unity Produces Water,” among the Bo wu lei 博物類, “Categories of a Wide Range of Things,” in juan 16 of the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄). Bao ming ji 保命集 → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集 Bao qing ji 保慶集 → Fu ren fang 婦人方  Bao sheng fang 保生方, “recipes to Preserve Life” [1] Anonymous recipe book. EE → Pu ji fang 普濟方. DC early Ming 明 or preMing. LSZ does not list the text in his bibliographical sections but in SE peng e zhu 蓬莪术 cites a recipe second hand from the Pu ji fang, juan 183. Bao sheng yu lu 保生餘錄, “Extra records about how to Preserve Life” [3] Anonymous recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” DC late Yuan 元, early Ming 明. 2 juan (revised version). The text was re-edited by Zhang Jie’an 張介庵, and his version was published in 1524. The

35 authors apparently sought to collect what they considered effective recipes for everyday use, dividing the material into six sections covering adults, ophthalmology, teeth, mouth, and throat diseases, external medicine, women’s medicine, and pediatrics. Each section is divided into categories, each category covering one disease and including a collection of suitable recipes. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but does not mention an author. He also refers to a → Bao sheng fang 保生方, but this is apparently a different book. Bao shi 包氏, “Mr. Bao” [1] Unidentifiable author of the → Xu yun fu qun yu 續韻府群玉, referred to only in LSZ’s bibliography in connection with this work. No further details available. Bao shi 鮑氏, “Mr. Bao” [15] Physician of early Ming 明 times or earlier, author of the→ Bao shi xiao er fang 鮑氏小兒方. No further details available. Bao shi fang 鮑氏方 → Bao shi xiao er fang 鮑氏小兒方 Bao shi xiao er fang 鮑氏小兒方, “Mr. Bao’s recipes for Children” Recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed by LSZ to an unidentifiable → Bao shi 鮑氏. The recipes quoted by LSZ as from this book can be found in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which in turn quotes them from a Bao shi fang 鮑氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Bao,” so it is to be assumed that the Bao shi fang was written during early Ming 明 times or before. LSZ cites the book as Bao shi xiao er fang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and also quotes fragments as Bao shi fang [8] or simply referring to the author as Bao shi [5]. The recipes quoted are not limited to pediatrics, so the title Bao shi xiao er fang may be an error. Bao shou fang 保壽方 → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方 Bao shou tang fang 保壽堂方 → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方 Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes from the Hall of Preserving Long Life” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Song huang ge Liu shi jing yan fang 松篁閣劉氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Liu from the Pine and Bamboo Pavilion,” Song huang gang Liu shi bao shou tang huo ren jing yan fang 松篁崗劉氏保壽堂活人經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes to Keep People Alive from the Hall of Preserving Long Life and of Mr. Liu from the Pine and Bamboo Hill.” Written by Liu Tianhe 劉天和 (→ Liu Songshi 劉松石). DC 1542-1545. 2 juan (AV 4 juan). The text contains more than 140 recipes divided into 25 categories according to disease signs and treatment methods. The recipes were mostly taken from earlier works, and some were collected by the author during his travels. LSZ cites the book as Bao shou tang jing yan fang [4], as Bao shou tang fang 保壽堂方, “Recipes from the Hall of Preserving Long Life,” [27], Bao shou fang 保壽方, “Recipes to Preserve Long Life,” [1], Songhuang jing yan fang 松篁經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of [Liu] Songhuang,” [1], or as → Jing yan fang 經驗方  [3] if labeled Liu Songhuang 劉 松篁 or Liu Songshi. He also labels material from the book with the name Liu

36 Songshi [1] alone. The title Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Liu,” [3] may also refer to the → Jing yan fang 經驗方   erroneously attributed to → Liu Changchun 劉長春. If not directly associated with Liu, the term → Jing yan fang 經驗方 might refer to various other collections as well. Bao xian yin 鮑縣尹, “district Governor Bao” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official, apparently the district magistrate (xian ling 縣令) of Le ping 樂平 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Personal name unknown. He obtained a recipe for treating external wounds by an application of cong bai 蔥白 that was initially used by → Dai Yaochen 戴堯臣. Bao ying ji 保嬰集, “Collection for Protecting Infants” [1] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Ge Zhe 葛哲 (1389-1491). 1 juan. Ge served as a medical official and was an expert in pediatrics. He collected those recipes from the various medical currents that he considered effective, arranged them in categories, and discussed them in detail to produce his book. After his work had been presented to the emperor, Ming Xuan zong 明宣宗 (r. 1426-1435) personally consulted it and invited Ge Zhe to a banquet to praise his work. The book is lost, but a few fragments are preserved in the Xue shi yi an 薛氏 醫案, “Medical Cases of Mr. Xue,” of → Xue Ji 薛己. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in SE qing hao du chong 青蒿蠹蟲. Bao you da quan 保幼大全 → Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論 Bao you da quan fang 保幼大全方 → Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論 Bao zang lun 寶藏論 → Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun 軒轅述寶藏論 Baolin zhenren 寶林真人 → Gu Boyang 穀伯陽 Baopu 抱朴 → Baopu zi 抱朴子  Baopu zi 抱朴子, “The Master Embracing Simplicity”  Literary name of → Ge Hong 葛洪  Daoist book written by Ge Hong. It is divided into inner chapters (nei pian 内篇) and outer chapters (wai pian 外篇). The 20 inner chapters include stories of immortals and describe alchemical recipes and methods of life extension. The 50 outer chapters deal with the affairs of the world and the successes and failures of people. LSZ frequently quotes the work as Baopu zi [118] or as Baopu 抱朴, “Embracing Simplicity,” [4], sometimes specifying the chapters as Nei pian 内 篇, “Inner Chapters,” [4]. Baosheng 保昇 → Han Baosheng 韓保昇 Bei di she gui lu 北帝攝鬼錄, “record of the Northern Thearch arresting Ghosts” [1] Lost, anonymous Daoist book. EE → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草 of the Tang 唐 author → Meng Shen 孟詵 No further details available. LSZ cites the text second hand in SE ci wu 慈烏.

37 Bei hu lu 北戶錄, “records from Bei hu” Tang 唐 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Bei hu za lu 北戶雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records from Bei hu.” Written by → Duan Gonglu 段公路. 3 juan. Bei hu is a designation for remote places in the South. The book holds detailed information on local conditions and products of the Ling nan 嶺南 area. It is particularly valuable as a source, since most of texts it cites are now lost. LSZ refers to the text as Bei hu lu [22] and as Duan shi bei hu lu 段氏北戶錄, “Mr. Duan’s Records of Bei hu,” [2]. Bei ji 備急 → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方 Bei ji fang 備急方, “recipes for Emergencies” Abbreviated title that may refer to various books. If a Bei ji fang is mentioned without the name of an author [13], the reference is mostly to one of the first three texts.  [26] In connection with the name of → Zhang Wenzhong 張文仲, this is the → Sui shen bei ji fang 隨身備急方.  → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方

 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方  → Ji feng bei ji fang 雞峰備急方

 → Xi nang bei ji fang 奚囊備急方 Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言, “anecdotes from the area North of Meng” Five Dynasties or Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Compiled by → Sun Guangxian 孫光憲. The title is a reference to Jing zhou 荊州, which was called “the area north of Meng 夢” in ancient times. 30 juan. The book records anecdotes, words and deeds of literati, and social customs of Tang 唐 and Five Dynasties times. It is quoted by the → ZLBC, from which LSZ cites it second hand as Bei meng suo yan [6], as Suo yan 瑣言, “Anecdotes,” [1], and labeling one fragment → Tang xiao shuo 唐小説 (cf. → Cui Wei gong zhuan 崔魏公傳). Bei Qi Cui shi 北齊崔氏, “Miss Cui of Northern Qi” [1] This was the daughter of Cui Linyi 崔林義 of the Northern Qi 齊 dynasty. She possessed literary talent, and various sources, including the → Tai ping yu lan 太 平御覽, recount a tale about her applying a magical wash of peach blossoms on a child’s face. LSZ cites the same story but mistakenly regards the → Chu xue ji 初學記 as its source, which he incorrectly attributes to → Ouyang Xun 歐陽詢. The original source of the story seems to have been the Shi lüe 史略, “Brief History,” of → Yu Shinan 虞世南. Bei shan jing 北山經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 Bei shi 北史, “Northern History” [5] Standard history. Written by → Li Yanshou 李延壽. DC Tang 唐. 100 juan. The work covers the 233 year period between 386 and 618, focusing on the northern

38 dynasties Wei 魏, Qi 齊, Zhou 周, and Sui 隋. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and cites material about people and pharmaceutic substances in his main text. Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, “Compilation of the Northern Hall” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty encyclopedia. Compiled by → Yu Shinan 虞世南. 160 juan. The work was written when the author held the post of Assistant in the Palace Library (mi shu lang 秘書郎) under the Sui 隋. The Bei tang 北堂, “Northern Hall,” from which the name of the book derives, was the rear college of the Emperor’s Palace Library (mi shu sheng 秘書省) where Yu worked. The book extracted wellknown dictums and pithy sayings from various books to make them available to contemporary writers wanting to adorn their own language. LSZ cites the work in his bibliography but not in the main text. He does, however, quote plenty of material from various works already lost by Ming 明 times but preserved in the Bei tang shu chao, so it is likely that he used the encyclopedia as a source without giving credit. Bei yuan cha lu 北苑茶錄, “Tea records of the Northern Garden” [1] Song 宋 dynasty book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” The Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study” lists it as Jian an cha lu 建安茶錄, “Tea Records of Jian an.” Written by → Ding Wei 丁謂. DC early 11th century. 3 juan. The text details harvesting and processing methods for tea in the plantations of Jian an 建安. The original text is lost, but fragments are scattered throughout Song dynasty literature. The → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義 mentions the text, and LSZ takes the title over in SE ming 茗. Bei zheng lu 北征錄, “records of a Northern Expedition” [5] Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Jin Youzi 金幼孜. The collection is divided into an earlier record (qian lu 前錄) and a later record (hou lu 後錄), 1 juan each. The earlier record deals with events that took place from the second to the seventh month during the eighth year of the yong le 永樂 reign period (1410). The later record focuses on the third to the eighth month of 1414, the twelfth year of the yong le reign period, and details the northern expedition of the Yong le emperor against the Mongols, which the author accompanied. It describes the environment through which the Ming army passed, events taking place within its camps, battle events, and the words and deeds of the emperor. Bei Zhou Wu di 北周武帝 (543-578) [1] This is Emperor Wu 武 of Northern Zhou 周, personal name Yuwen Yong 宇文 邕, r. 561-578. LSZ cites a story about him of uncertain provenance. Ben cao 本草, “Materia Medica” [154]  General designation for traditional Chinese materia medica.  Reference to specific works of materia medica. The BCGM often uses the term Ben cao as a reference to the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 and the →

39 ZLBC. Which title is referred to in particular must be determined through comparisons of the respective contexts. Ben cao bie shuo 本草別説, “Further Elucidations of Materia Medica” CMM. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN originally Chong guang bu zhu Shen nong ben cao bing Tu jing 重廣補注神農本草并圖經, “The Shen nong ben cao and the Illustrated Classic, Repeatedly Expanded, Supplemented and Annotated.” Written by → Chen Cheng 陳承. DC 1092. 23 juan. The author combined the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 and the → TJBC for easier reading and added various notes which later readers considered highly reliable. These notes were later used extensively when → Ai Sheng 艾晟 compiled the → Da guan ben cao 大觀 本草, in which he labels his citations as Bie shuo 別説, “Further Elucidations.” LSZ takes over this designation and turns it into the title Ben cao bie shuo [3]. He also refers to the text by the author’s name as Chen Cheng [24] or simply Cheng 承 [37]. Ben cao bu yi 本草補遺 → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 Ben cao fa hui 本草發揮, “Elaborations on Materia Medica” CMM. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Compiled by → Xu Yanchun 徐彥純 (style name Yongcheng 用誠). DC c. 1341-1368. 4 juan (AV 3 juan). The book is a compendium of material from various Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 writers, e.g., → Zhang Yuansu 張元 素, → Li Gao 李杲, or → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨, without anything new being added by its compiler. The text contains 270 pharmaceutical monographs, juan 4 consisting of a discussion on the properties of drugs. LSZ cites the book as Ben cao fa hui [1], as Fa hui 發揮, “Elaborations,” [2], and sometimes refers to the text by the name of its compiler as Xu Yongcheng 徐用誠 [3] or Xu Yanchun [1]. Ben cao gang mu 本草綱目, “Materia Medica, arranged according to drug descriptions and Technical aspects” CMM. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Li Shizhen 李時珍 in collaboration with a team of unknown size, which may explain the many differences in references to identical book titles and authors. DC completed 1578. 52 juan of text plus 2 juan of illustrations. The text, based on more than 800 authorities, contains 1897 monographs on pharmaceutical substances, including 374 pharmaceutical substances that LSZ himself described for the first time. Drugs are divided into 16 groups (bu 部), i.e., waters, fires, soils, metals and minerals, herbs, grains, vegetables, fruits, trees, clothes and commodities, worms/bugs, scaly animals, crustaceans, fowl, quadrupeds, and man. Each of these groups is divided into categories (lei 類). LSZ called the individual monographs gang 綱, the technical aspects described within each monograph were called mu 目. The text is preceded by 1109 illustrations, and the monographs include about 8160 medical recipes. LSZ labels his own additions consisting of information on certain drugs, recipes, or essays, with the title Ben cao gang mu [18], its abbreviation Gang mu 綱目, “Drug Descriptions and Technical Aspects,” [1064], or with some form of his name, i.e.,

40 Shizhen 時珍 [5479], Li Shizhen [51], Zhen 珍 [21], Binhu 瀕湖 [35], Li Binhu 李瀕湖 [1], or Dongbi 東璧 [1]. Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括, “Versified directions for Materia Medica” [1] Illustrated CMM. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Hu Shike 胡仕可. DC 1295. Originally 6 juan, supplemented versions 8 and 2 juan. The text includes 339 versified directions (ge kuo 歌括) on the properties and effects of commonly used pharmaceutic substances and was intended for easy memorization by physicians at the beginning of their studies. Illustrations of drugs are appended to the text. The supplemented volume was created in 1439 when 84 monographs were added by → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Ben cao hui bian 本草會編, “Materia Medica Collection” CMM. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Wang Ji 汪機. DC 15221539. 20 juan. LSZ quotes the work as Ben cao hui bian [6] or as Hui bian 會編, “Collection,” [21]. He also cites material under its author’s name as Ji 機 [61], Wang Ji [38], or Wang shi 汪氏, “Mr. Wang,” [2]. Ben cao ji yao 本草集要, “Collected Essentials of Materia Medica” CMM. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Wang Lun 王綸 (literary name Jiezhai 節齋). DC 1496. 8 juan. The text concentrates upon the most essential information on pharmaceutics, thus its title. Juan 1 describes drug properties and methods of preparation, juan 2 to 6 include monographs on 545 pharmaceutic substances divided into eight categories such as herbs, trees, vegetables, etc. Juan 7 and 8 are divided into 12 chapters on different disease categories, e.g., cold, heat, wind, phlegm, or sores. LSZ considered the collection rather conservative with too much simple repetition of older material. Nevertheless, he quotes the book as Ben cao ji yao [2], as Ji yao 集要, “Collected Essentials,” [3], Ji yao fang 集要方, “Collected Essential Recipes,” [1], and as Wang shi ji yao 王氏集要, “Mr. Wang’s Collected Essentials,” [2]. He also refers texts and recipes to the author directly as Wang Lun [13], Jiezhai [6], or Wang Jiezhai 王節齋 [1]. Ben cao ji yi 本草集議, “Collected discussions of Materia Medica” [1] Southern Song 宋 CMM. See bibliography of the Bao qing ben cao zhe zhong 寶 慶本草折衷, “The Weighing of Opinions in the Bao qing Reign Period Materia Medica,” of Chen Yan 陳衍. Written by Ai Yuanfu 艾原甫. DC c. 13th century. Size uncertain. The author was a man of Lin chuan 臨川 in present-day Jiang xi 江西 who selected substances from the → ZLBC and the → Ben cao yan yi 本草 衍義 and determined their pharmaceutical nature. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the Bao qing ben cao zhe zhong and the → Pu ji fang 普 濟方. LSZ cites the text second hand from the Pu ji fang in SE yan fu zi 鹽麩子. Ben cao jing 本草經 → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經

41 Ben cao meng quan 本草蒙筌, “Elimination of Ignorance in Materia Medica” CMM. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Chen Jiamo 陳嘉謨. DC 1565. 12 juan. The text, which was written by Chen to serve his numerous disciples, gives a general introduction and then closely describes the technical aspects of pharmaceuticals, including production, harvesting, preparation, storage, etc. Some 742 pharmaceutical substances are discussed. LSZ thought highly of the book because it is rich in detail and makes its material easy to memorize. He quotes it as Ben cao meng quan [8], as Meng quan 蒙筌, “Elimination of Ignorance,” [19], or as Chen Jiamo ben cao 陳嘉 謨本草, “Materia Medica of Chen Jiamo,” [1]. He also refers to the book by the author’s name as Jiamo 嘉謨 [29]. Ben cao quan du 本草權度, “Standards of Materia Medica” [8] Ming 明 dynasty medical book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by Huang Jizhi 黃濟之 (→ Huang shi 黃氏 ). DC 1487. 3 juan. Despite its title the book is not a materia medica but rather presents a clinical overview listing various illnesses and related pulse patterns, disease causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment methods. LSZ quotes the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text but refers to the author only as Huang shi 黃氏, “Mr. Huang”. Ben cao shi ji 本草十劑, “The Ten Types of Formulas in Materia Medica” Piece of writing on materia medica. EE BCGM. Originally a part of the introductory sections of the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, the text classified medicinals according to ten functional types of recipes: substances and recipes that diffuse (xuan 宣), promote free flow (tong 通), supplement (bu 補), or purge (xie 瀉), that are light (qing 輕), heavy (zhong 重), astringent (se 澀), smooth (hua 滑), dry (zao 燥), or damp (shi 濕). The → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 preserves this part of the Ben cao shi yi, and → Wang Haogu 王好古 in his → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草 called it Shi ji 十劑, “Ten Types of Formulas.” LSZ follows this denomination, referring to the text as Ben cao shi ji [6] or Shi ji [1], but erroneously refers the text to → Xu Zhicai 徐之才. Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, “Supplementary amplifications to the Materia Medica” CMM. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器. DC 739. 10 juan, including one juan of prefaces, 6 juan of supplementary material, and 3 juan of miscellaneous explanations. The book was a supplement to the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, thus its name. The original text is lost, but extensive fragments appear in various later collections, including the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, and the → ZLBC. The material apparently was rather extensive and precise, and the Ben cao shi yi was the first work to classify pharmaceuticals according to the ten functional types of formulas (shi ji 十劑, → Ben cao shi ji 本草十劑). LSZ glowingly praises the book, and much of its material is found in a similar level of detail in the BCGM. LSZ quotes material second hand from the ZLBC, referring to the book as Ben cao shi yi [30], as Shi yi 拾 遺, “Supplementary Amplifications,” [870], as Chen Cangqi ben cao 陳藏器本草,

42 “Materia medica of Cheng Cangqi,” [35], as Chen shi ben cao 陳氏本草, “Materia Medica of Mr. Chen,” [3], as Chen shi shi yi 陳氏拾遺, “Mr. Chen’s Supplementary Amplifications,” [2], and as Shi yi ben cao 拾遺本草, “Materia Medica with Supplementary Amplifications,” [1]. Quotes are also assigned to their author as Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [36], Chen gong 陳公, “Honorable Mr. Chen,” [1], as Cangqi 藏器 [1495], and as Qi 器 [1]. The section on the ten functional types of formulas is referred to as Ben cao shi ji [6] or Shi ji [1]. Ben cao tu jing 本草圖經 → Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草 Ben cao xing shi lei 本草性事類, “Categorization of the Nature of Materia Medica Substances” [1] Lost MM. See bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. Written by → Du Shanfang 杜善方. AN Ben cao xing lei 本草性類, “Categories of the Nature of Materia Medica Substances.” DC late Tang 唐 or Five Dynasties. 1 juan. No fragments survive. According to the Jia you ben cao, the book was intended to categorize pharmaceutical substances, eradicate repetitions, and describe drug interactions. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections only. Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, “Extended Meanings of Materia Medica” CMM. FE Jun zhai du shu hou zhi 郡齋讀書後志, “Supplementary Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN originally Ben cao guang yi 本草廣義, “Extended Meanings of Materia Medica,” the character guang 廣 was changed to yan 衍 due to a naming taboo of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty. Written by → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭. DC 1116. 20 juan. The text, as its title implies, is an early example of the integration of the doctrines of yin yang and the five phases into materia medica literature, characteristic of the Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 era. LSZ praises it for its clarity and correction of defective information found in former sources but also criticises it for occasional inaccuracies. Copies of the Ben cao yan yi survived, and during the Yuan dynasty its material was attached by → Zhang Weiqing 張魏卿 to the individual drug monographs in the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草. LSZ refers to the work as Ben cao yan yi [17], as Kou Zongshi ben cao 寇宗奭本草, “Materia Medica of Kou Zongshi,” [1], and as Kou shi ben cao 寇氏 本草, “Materia Medica of Mr. Kou,” [1], but more commonly cites the text by its abbreviation Yan yi 衍義, “Extended Meanings,” [72] or by the author’s name as Zongshi 宗奭 [625] or Kou xiansheng 寇先生, “Gentleman Kou,” [1]. Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺, “Supplement to the Extended Meanings of Materia Medica” CMM. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪). DC 1358 or before. 1 juan. The text was an expansion of the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, the extant edition contains 153 monographs. LSZ counts nearly 200 monographs, and in his opinion the book had much new to offer, although he criticizes Zhu Zhenheng for taking over old inaccuracies from the Ben cao yan yi and for forcing interpretations by assigning drugs to the five phases. He cites the book as Ben cao yan yi bu yi [1] in his bibliographical sections, and in the main text as Bu yi 補遺, “Supplement,” [21], as Ben cao bu yi 本草補遺, “Materia Medica Supplement,” [4], as Danxi bu yi 丹溪補遺, “Danxi’s

43 Supplement,” [2], and as Yan yi bu yi 衍義補遺, “Supplement to the Extended Meanings,” [1]. Note that references to Danxi 丹溪 and Zhu Danxi 朱丹溪 alone refer to other books by Zhu. Ben cao yin yi 本草音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning of Materia Medica” [1] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty MM. LSZ lists a book of this name in his bibliographical sections, referring to three books by different authors:

 FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Li Hanguang 李含光. AN Yin yi 音 義, “Pronunciation and Meaning.” DC 1st half of the 8th century. 2 juan. The text focused on the meaning of names of pharmaceutical substances, their origin, etc. Fragments are quoted in the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 and the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. LSZ quotes material second hand, referring to the text by the abbreviation Yin yi [4] or by the author’s name as Li Hanguang [4] or Li shi 李 氏, “Mr. Li,” [1].

 FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Zhen Liyan 甄立言. DC early Tang. 7 juan. Fragments are quoted in the → Tang ben cao 唐本草. LSZ cites material second hand and labels it Zhen Liyan ben cao 甄立言本草, “Materia Medica of Zhen Liyan,” [1] or with the author’s name Zhen Liyan [2]. Note that Zhen’s brother → Zhen Quan 甄權 is considered the author of the work by some authors.

 FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志. Written by → Yin Ziyan 殷子嚴. DC Tang. 2 juan (AV 1 juan). No known fragments survive. LSZ refers to this work by the name of the author in the Ben cao yin yi entry in his bibliographical sections. Ben cao zhi nan 本草指南 → He ji zhi nan zong lun 和劑指南總論 Ben jing 本經, “Original Classic” [1544]  Abbreviation for the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經  Any original materia medica text that was annotated by later authors. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 uses the term either to refer to the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 or the → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄. When citing material other than from the Shen nong ben cao jing itself, later commentators like → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器 or → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭, all quoted in the BCGM in connection with the term Ben jing, also used it to refer to whichever materia medica they had based their annotations on.

 A certain conduit (jing 經) and not a book, e.g., greater yang (tai yang 太陽); ben 本 standing for “this” and jing for conduit. Ben shi 本事 → Ben shi fang 本事方 Ben shi fang 本事方, “recipes Based on Facts” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Pu ji ben shi fang 普濟本事方, “Recipes Based on Facts for Universal Benefit,” Lei zheng pu

44 ji ben shi fang 類證普濟本事方, “Recipes Based on Facts for Universal Benefit, Categorized by Disease Signs.” Written by → Xu Shuwei 許叔微. DC mid-12th century. 10 juan. The text contains what the author considered factual information, that is, proven recipes along with case studies, thus the name. Altogether there are more than 300 recipes with an elegantly written commentary containing many new ideas about medicine. LSZ quotes the work as Ben shi fang [87], as Pu ji ben shi fang [3], and as Ben shi 本事, “Based on Facts,” [11], sometimes in connection with the name of the author. He also cites the text by the author’s names as Xu Shuwei [6], or Xu xueshi 許學士, “Scholar Xu.” [3]. Ben shi shi 本事詩, “Poems on Fundamental Matters” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Meng Qi 孟棨 (AV Meng Qi 孟啟). DC 886. 1 juan. The book records the works of Tang poets and introduces important events related to their lives and poetry. The book is divided into seven categories of emotion and preserves many anecdotes about Tang poets. The → ZLBC quotes a fragment which is taken over by LSZ. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without providing the name of an author. Ben zang lun 本臟論 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Bi heng 筆衡 → Tan zhai bi heng 坦齋筆衡 Bi ji 筆記 → Tan yuan 談苑 Bi pu 筆譜, “Treatise on Writing Brushes” [1] One of four parts comprising the Wen fang si pu 文房四譜, “Four Treatises on the [Tools of the] Study,” (→ Zhi pu 紙譜) of → Su Yijian 蘇易簡. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections, referring it to Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su.” Bi shi 鄙事 → Duo neng bi shi 多能鄙事 Bi shi 畢氏, “Mr. Bi” [1] This is LSZ’s name for Bi Zhongxun 畢仲荀 (AV Bi Zhongxun 畢仲詢), a Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Jingru 景儒. Bi held a position at court as a Court Gentleman for Manifesting Rightness (xuan yi lang 宣義郎). Responsible for covering the period 1042-1100, he continued and supplemented the Ji nian tong pu 紀年通譜, “A Thorough Record of Chronological Records.” He was also the author of the now lost → Mu fu yan xian lu 幕府燕閑錄, a collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記) cited by LSZ. Bi shu lu 避暑錄, “records from the Summer resort” [3] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Bi shu lu hua 避暑錄話, “Recorded Talks from the Summer Resort,” a Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Ye Mengde 葉夢得. DC 1135. 2 juan (AV 15 juan). The book recorded many Song era anecdotes and commentaries and also included research into the names and descriptions of things. Its source material is rich

45 and its contents well-founded. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Bi shui fang 避水方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes [recorded while] avoiding the Floods” Lost Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Dong Bing 董炳. DC 1556. 4 juan. Dong wrote the book while avoiding a flood in the upper storeys of his house, thus the title. The book is comprised of commonly used recipes considered effective and proven by the author. Pharmaceutical substances not found in earlier materia medica literature are depicted in illustrations. The book survived until Qing 清 times but is now lost. LSZ cites it as Ji yan fang 集 驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes,” [11] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, labeling the title with the name of the author. In the main text he also refers to the work as Bi shui ji yan fang [1], as Dong shi ji yan fang 董氏集驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes of Mr. Dong,” [1], as Bi shui fang 避水方, “Recipes [Recorded while] Avoiding the Floods,” [1], as Dong Bing yan fang 董炳驗 方, “Proven Recipes of Dong Bing,” [1], as Dong Bing fang 董炳方, “Dong Bing’s Recipes,” [1], as Dong shi fang 董氏方, “Mr. Dong’s Recipes,” [1], and using the author’s name only as Dong shi 董氏, “Mr. Dong” [1]. Bi tan 筆談 → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談 Bi xiao 必效 → Bi xiao fang 必效方 Bi xiao fang 必效方, “Certainly Effective recipes” Lost medical recipe book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN there Meng shi bi xiao fang 孟氏必效方, “Mr. Meng’s Certainly Effective Recipes.” Written by → Meng Shen 孟詵. DC 7th or early 8th century. 3 juan (AV 10 juan). The book contained various recipes considered effective and proven. Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and the → ZLBC. LSZ quotes it as Bi xiao fang [39], occasionally labeling it with the name of the author, or simply as Bi xiao 必效, “Certainly Effective,” [4]. In two instances, however, LSZ attributes the Bi xiao fang to the Song 宋 author → Chu Yushi 初虞世. One of these quotations can be found in the ZLBC (DC 1098-1108) as well as the 4th century → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, which mention neither Chu’s name nor any Bi xiao fang in that context. The other quotation is from the Wai tai mi yao fang (DC 752), which lists the recipe under the caption Bi xiao. Chu wrote a → Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方 in 1097 but no Bi xiao fang. Considering this and the early origin of the cited material, we may conclude that LSZ mixed up the Bi xiao fang with the abbreviation → Bi yong fang 必用方 and erroneously attributed the Meng Shen material to Chu. Bi yong 必用 → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用

46 Bi yong fang 必用方, “recipes that Must Certainly Be used” [1] Medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” This is probably an abbreviation for the → Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方 of → Chu Yushi 初虞世. LSZ lists a Bi yong fang in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM without indication of an author, thus giving the Yang sheng bi yong fang a double entry. Bi yong shi zhi fang 必用食治方 → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用 Bian 扁 → Bian Que 扁鵲  Bian chan xu zhi 便產須知, “What One Should Know to Ease Birth” Anonymous late Yuan 元 or early Ming 明 specialized text on obstetrics. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” DC 14th century, before 1390 when extensive selections were cited by the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. Revised version published by Gao Maozhai 高懋齋 in 1500. 2 juan. LSZ lists the book as Bian chan xu zhi [1] in his bibliographical sections without naming an author, but does not refer to it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite a fragment second hand from the Pu ji fang in SE hu ma 胡麻, referring to the text as Tai chan xu zhi 胎產須知, “What One Should Know about Childbirth,” [1]. Bian hua lun 變化論, “discourse on Change and Transformation [4] Lost Eastern Jin 晉 book. EE → Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記. Written by → Gan Bao 干寶 (died 366). Size uncertain. The book does not appear in the standard bibliographies, but later texts like the Jing Chu sui shi ji or the → Shuo fu 説 郛 quote its contents. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but does not indicate an author. Material quoted comes from the Shuo fu and the → Pi ya 埤雅, but one of the passages quoted from the Shuo fu is there attributed to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記. Bian huo lun 辨惑論, “discourse Straightening Out Confusing Points” [2] Abbreviation for the Nei wai shang bian huo lun 內外傷辨惑論, “Discourse Straightening Out Confusing Points on Internal and External Damage,” a book on internal medicine. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Li Gao 李杲. DC 1232. 3 juan. The book explains the differentiation and treatment of disease signs caused by internal damage that appear like contraction of external pathogenic influences. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections, referring to the author by his literary name Dongyuan 東垣, but does not seem to have used it in the main text. Bian lan 便覽 → Dou zhen bian lan 痘疹便覽 Bian min fang 便民方 → Bian min tu zuan 便民圖纂 Bian min shi liao 便民食療, “dietary Therapy to Benefit the People” Probably lost manual of dietary therapy. EE → Huo ren xin tong 活人心統. AN Shi liao bian min 食療便民, “Dietary Therapy to Benefit the People.” Written by → Wu Qiu 吳球. DC 16th century. The book is not mentioned in Ming 明 and Qing 清 bibliographies and does not seem extant today. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but quotes passages in the main text. He

47 cites it as Bian min shi liao [5] and as Bian ming shi liao fang 便民食療方, “Dietary Recipes to Benefit the People,” [2]. There is also some material labeled with the author’s name that cannot be found in the two other books by Wu Qiu that LSZ cites, i.e., the → Huo ren xin tong 活人心統 and the → Zhu zheng bian yi 諸證辨疑. This is probably from the Bian min shi liao as well. Bian min shi liao fang 便民食療方 → Bian min shi liao 便民食療 Bian min tu zuan 便民圖纂, “Illustrated Compilation to Benefit the People” Ming 明 dynasty eclectic book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” The original authors are unknown, but the book was published by Guang Fan 鄺璠. DC 1502. 16 juan. The text is primarily a work on farming but also contains information on daily life, instructions for nursing people back to health, or prayers to prevent calamities. LSZ cites the text as Bian min tu zuan [15], as Bian min fang 便民方, “Recipes to Benefit the People,” [2], and as Tu zuan 圖纂, “Illustrated Compilation,” [1]. Publisher Guang Fan, style name Yanrui 廷瑞, was a man of Ren qiu 任邱 in present-day He bei 河北. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1492 and held a local post in Hui zhou 徽州 when he published this book. Bian Que 扁鵲  Warring States period physician, also known as Qin Yue ren 秦越人. A man of Zheng 鄚 in Bo hai 渤海 commandery, the center of which was located southeast of present-day Cang zhou 滄州 in He bei 河北. Bian has a biography in the → Shi ji 史記, and his treatments are recorded in the → Zhan guo ce 戰 國策. Bian Que is frequently claimed as the author of later books, including the → Nan jing 難經. However, it is to be assumed that Bian Que was a designation for a good physician of the Warring States period rather than a specific individual. LSZ refers to this assumed person as Bian Que [10], as Bian 扁 [1], and (in connection with the Nan jing) as Qin Yue ren [2]. Drawing upon the Shi ji, LSZ also erroneously assigns ideas associated with Bian Que about the “six conditions that cannot be cured” (liu bu zhi 六不治) to → Chunyu Yi 淳於意.  [42] Pre-Han 漢 MM attributed to → Bian Que 扁鵲 . The → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 quoted fragments, and LSZ frequently adds the name Bian Que to quotations from the latter book when discussing characteristics of pharmaceutic substances.  [11] Pre-Tang 唐 dietary manual attributed to → Bian Que 扁鵲 . Material from this text on dietary prohibitions is found in the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金 備急方, from which LSZ cites second hand.

 Cf. → Bian Que fang 扁鵲方 Bian Que fang 扁鵲方, “recipes of Bian Que” [4] Lost book of medical recipes. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Bian Que zhou hou fang 扁鵲肘後方, “Recipes of Bian Que to Be Kept Close at Hand.” Attributed to → Bian Que 扁 鵲 . DC before the 6th century. 3 juan. Fragments are incorporated into the →

48 Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, the → TJBC, the → ZLBC, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites material second hand in the main text. Bian Shi 卞氏, “Mr. Bian” [1] This is Bian He 卞和, an expert in jade from the state of Chu 楚 during the Spring and Autum period. LSZ refers to him in SE yu 玉. Bie bao jing 別寶經, “Classic of differentiating Precious Things” [1] Lost book on how to examine precious items. EE → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草. LSZ cites the text second hand in SE yu 玉. Bie ben 別本, “Separate Volume” For LSZ the name of a MM. The term is used 65 times in the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 and apparently refers to the Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公 本草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草). This is because the latter text is an expansion of the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 (AN Ying gong ben cao 英公本草, “Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying”) and can thus be regarded as a “separate” volume. LSZ cites material second hand from the Kai bao ben cao but refers material labeled Bie ben zhu 別本注, “Annotations from the Separate Volume,” there back to the Tang ben cao, thus only seldom referring to the Shu ben cao itself as Bie ben [11] or as Bie ben zhu [4]. He uses this title in the main text only. Bie ben zhu 別本注 → Bie ben 別本, → Shu ben cao 蜀本草 Bie Ling 鱉靈 [1] Legendary minister serving the Wang di 望帝 emperor → Du Yu 杜宇 of the ancient state of Shu 蜀. AV Bie Ling 鱉令, literary name Kaiming 開明, “Enlightened.” A man of Jing 荊 in the area of present-day Hu bei 湖北 and Hu nan 湖南. According to the → Shu wang ben ji 蜀王本紀, his wife had an illicit affair with Du Yu while Bie was busy with water control. Afterwards, Du Yu felt ashamed of his behavior and left the throne to Bie Ling. LSZ cites this story second hand in SE du juan 杜鵑. Bie lu 別錄 → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 Bie ren 鱉人, “Tortoise Shell Man” [2] Official post recorded in the Tian guan zhong zai 天官冢宰, “Minister of State in the Heavenly Office,” section of the → Zhou li 周禮, apparently responsible for the supply of shells for sacrifices. LSZ mentions it in SE che ao 車螯. Bie shuo 別説 → Ben cao bie shuo 本草別説 Bifeng 筆峰 → Deng Cai 鄧才 Bifeng fang 筆峰方 → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 Bin feng 豳風 → Shi jing 詩經 Bin shi 豳詩 → Shi jing 詩經

49 Bin tui lu 賓退錄, “records Taken after the Guests retired” [1] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Zhao Yushi 趙與峕. 10 juan. The book records Song rules and regulations, hearsay, anecdotes, etc. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but makes no direct reference to it in his main text. He does, however, use information on the biographical background of → Tang Shenwei 唐慎微, the compiler of the → ZLBC, that is only found in the Bin tui lu. So LSZ might have used this book as a source without explicitly indicating it. Bing 炳 → Xiao Bing 蕭炳 Bing bu shou ji 兵部手集 → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方 Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方, “recipes Collected by Hand from the Ministry of War” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Recipes collected and compiled by → Li Jiang 李絳 (764-830), edited by the Tang official Xue Hongqing 薛弘慶 (fl. tai he 太和 reign period (827-835)). 3 juan. Fragments are quoted in the → ZLBC. LSZ quotes the work as Bing bu shou ji fang [4], as Bing bu shou ji 兵部手集, “Hand-Collected from the Ministry of War,” [32], or using the name of its primary author Li Jiang [17]. Bing ji fu 病機賦, “rhapsodies on disease Mechanisms” [2] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Zhu jie bing ji fu 注解病機賦, “Annotated and Explained Rhapsodies on Disease Mechanisms,” a Ming 明 dynasty treatise on disease mechanisms composed as fu poetry. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷 堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Written by → Liu Keyong 劉克用. Printed 1484. The text is comprised of fu poems in large characters and annotations on pathophysiology, treatment methods, and pharmaceuticals in small characters. It frequently includes material associated with → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections referring to the author simply as Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu,” and quotes annotations in the main text, referring to the author’s full name there. Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集, “Collection of [Writings on] disease Mechanisms, Qi Suitability, and Preserving Life” Clinical text. FE → Yi shi 醫史, biography of → Liu Wansu 劉完素. AN Su wen bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 素問病機氣宜保命集, “Collection from the [Yellow Thearch’s] Basic Questions on Disease Mechanisms, Qi Suitability, and Preserving Life,” Bao ming ji 保命集, “Collection of [Writings on] Preserving Life.” Written by Liu Wansu. DC 1186. 3 juan (AV 4 juan). The book consists of 23 chapters, starting off with theoretical fundamentals like vessel movements, preserving life, yin and yang, disease mechanisms, and materia medica. Then it discusses diseases, elucidating in detail topics like etiology or drug applications. LSZ mistakenly attributes the book to → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 but fails to provide proof of this assertion, nevertheless his view was taken over by many

50 later authors. In his bibliographical sections, he also considers the very similar → Huo fa ji yao 活法機要 of Li Dongyuan 李東垣 (→ Li Gao 李杲) an alternative name for the text, although this is an entirely different work. The Yuan 元 dynasty author → Du Sijing 杜思敬 clearly distinguishes the Bao ming ji by Liu Wansu, the Huo fa ji yao by Li Dongyuan, and the → Jiegu jia zhen 潔古家珍 by Zhang Yuansu as three rather similar, yet different books. Based on his erroneous assumptions about the authorship, LSZ refers to the book as Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji [1], as Bao ming ji [36], and incorrectly as Huo fa ji yao [25]. He labels these citations with the supposed author’s names, i.e., Zhang Jiegu 張潔古, Jiegu 潔古, or Yuansu 元素. However, in other places he refers to a Bao ming ji of Liu Hejian 劉河間 (the style name of Liu Wansu), to a Huo fa ji yao of Dongyuan 東垣, i.e., Li Dongyuan, and, completely erroneously, to a Bao ming ji of → Yunqi zi 雲岐子. Thus, it seems that different ideas about the authorship of the Bao ming ji got mixed up in the BCGM. Bing lang shi 檳榔詩 → Zhu zi da quan 朱子大全 Bing neng lun 病能論 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Bing yuan 病源 → Bing yuan lun 病原論 Bing yuan lun 病原論, “discourse on the Origins of disease” Abbreviation for the Zhu bing yuan hou lun 諸病源候論, “Discourse on the Origins and Symptoms of All Diseases,” a specialized Sui 隋 dynasty text on the causes of disease. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Chao Yuanfang 巢元 方 and others. DC 610. 50 juan. The book discusses the origins of a wide range of diseases, arranging them into 67 chapters with discussions of altogether 1739 symptoms. It does not include recipes but only lists guiding principles of treatment. It was widely quoted from Tang times on as a source for theoretical elaborations on illness. LSZ quotes the work only by its abbreviated titles, listing it as Bing yuan lun [1] in his bibliographical sections and citing it as Bing yuan 病 源, “Origins of Disease,” [1], or by the name of the author as Chao Yuanfang [2] or Chao shi 巢氏 “Mr. Chao,” [1] in the main text. He also cites one individual section, the Lun tai jiao 論胎教, “Discussing the Education of the Fetus,” [1]. Bing zhong xie Li li bu hui he li le ye shi 病中謝李吏部惠訶黎勒葉詩, “Thanking Li of the Ministry of Personnel for Giving Some Leaves of He li le during My disease” [1] This is LSZ’s designation for the Bao ji xie Li li bu zeng he li le ye 抱疾謝李吏 部贈訶黎勒葉, “Thanking Li of the Ministry of Personnel for Giving Some Leaves of He li le While I Was Sick,” a poem by the Tang 唐 dynasty author → Bao Ji 包佶. It praises the effects of the herb he li le 訶黎勒 in balancing one’s qi. Binhu 瀕湖→ Li Shizhen 李時珍 Binhu fang 瀕湖方 → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方

51 Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方, “Simple recipes from the Collection of [Li] Binhu” Late Ming 明 medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Li Shizhen 李時珍. LSZ quotes the work as Binhu ji jian fang [28], by the abbreviations Ji jian fang 集簡方, “Simple Recipes from the Collection,” [155] and Ji jian 集簡, “Simple [Recipes] from the Collection,” [4], and by reference to his own authorship as Binhu fang 瀕湖方, “Binhu’s Recipes,” [3], as Binhu jing yan fang 瀕湖經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of [Li] Binhu,” [1], or as Shizhen fang 時珍方, “Shizhen’s Recipes,” [1]. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and takes various recipes from it, but there is no evidence today for any separately circulating volume. Binhu jing yan fang 瀕湖經驗方 → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 Binhu yi an 瀕湖醫案, “Case Studies of [Li] Binhu” [2] Text on case studies. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Li Shizhen 李時珍. DC late Ming 明. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections and uses it to refer to one case study in the main text, but there is no evidence today for any separately circulating volume. Bo ai xin jian 博愛心鑒, “The Heart Mirror of universal Love” [3] Specialized text on children’s “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹). FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Dou zhen quan shu bo ai xin jian 痘疹全書博愛心鑒, “The Heart Mirror of Universal Love and the Complete Book on Smallpox Papules,” Bo ai xin jian dou zhen 博愛心鑒痘疹, “Smallpox Papules and the Heart Mirror of Universal Love.” Written by → Wei Zhi 魏直. DC 1525. 3 juan. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. In his bibliography, he also lists the → Er nan bao jian 二難 寶鑒 by Li Xing 李滎, which includes a summary of the work under the name Bo ai xin jian cuo yao 博愛心鑒撮要, “Synopsis of the Heart Mirror of Universal Love”. Bo ji fang 博濟方 → Wang shi bo ji fang 王氏博濟方 Bo si shi zhe 波斯使者, “Envoys from Persia” [1] Tang 唐 period envoys from Fars/Persia. In its discussion of the origins of shellac, zi kuang 紫𨥥, the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 states that “the reports by the Persian envoys (Bo si guo shi 波斯國使) Wu hai 烏海 and Sha li shen 沙利 深 agree.” Hence, Wu hai and Sha li shen are two persons. LSZ takes this over in SE zi kuang 紫𨥥, referring to the envoys as Bo si shi zhe 波斯使者. Bo wu zhi 博物志, “Monograph on a Wide range of Things”  [74] Western Jin 晉 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Zhang Hua 張華. 10 juan. Most of the book’s material is taken from older books, categorized into foreign territories, unusual things, and miscellaneous issues from ancient times. The original book was lost, and the presently circulating version is a reconstruction from fragments. The → ZLBC quotes the book, and LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and frequently in his main

52 text. LSZ may have easily confused the book with the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  attributed to → Tang Meng 唐蒙, but most of the material is apparently from the Zhang Hua text, even if no author is indicated. LSZ also refers to annotations to this text by → Zhou Riyong 周日用.

 [2] This might be the lost Bo wu ji 博物記, “Records of a Wide Range of Things,” attributed by some to → Tang Meng 唐蒙. There is some controversy in Ming 明 and Qing 清 dynasty sources about the identity and authorship of a Bo wu ji cited in a note to the → Hou Han shu 後漢書  by the Liang 梁 commentator Liu Zhao 劉昭. Liu mentions Tang Meng by name in the same line, therefore some later authors like → Yang Shen 楊慎 in his → Dan qian lu 丹鉛 錄 attributed a Bo wu ji to Tang and thought it to be an entirely different work to the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  of → Zhang Hua 張華. The Ming dynasty Chi ya 赤 雅, “Southern [Er] ya,” of Kuang Lu 鄺露 speaks directly of a Bo wu zhi by Tang Meng. The Si ku quan shu zong mu ti yao 四庫全書總目提要, “Index and General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” refers to the → San guo zhi 三國志, which quotes both a Bo wu zhi and a Bo wu ji, apparently differentiating between two different books. The authors hold the opinion that Zhang Hua took the title of the earlier Bo wu ji for his own book and changed it into Bo wu zhi. In contrast, the Qing author Sun Zhizu 孫志祖 in his Du shu cuo lu 讀書脞錄, “Trivial Records [Kept While] Reading Books,” considers the Bo wu ji and the Bo wu zhi of Zhang Hua one and the same book, the attribution of the Bo wu ji to Tang Meng being based on a misunderstanding of Liu Zhao’s annotation in the Hou Han shu. LSZ apparently took over the view of his contemporary Yang Shen and gives both books called Bo wu zhi an entry in his bibliography, referring one to Zhang Hua and the other to Tang Meng. However, LSZ’s quotation in the main text is found in Zhang Hua’s Bo wu zhi as well as in Liu Zhao’s Hou Han shu annotation, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and the Dan qian lu. There are some altered characters in the BCGM when compared to the material in the source texts, which gives LSZ’s citation a completely different meaning.  [1] Book probably written by → Ru Chun 如淳, cited in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. LSZ regards Ru Chun the annotator of the text. Bo ya 博雅, “Erudition” [4] Sui 隋 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Compiled by → Cao Xian 曹憲. DC 605-617. 10 juan. The book is basically an annotated edition of the Wei 魏 dynasty → Guang ya 廣雅, to which it adds explanations and phonological notations. It was called Bo ya because of a naming taboo during the time of Emperor Yang 煬 of the Sui dynasty. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Bo Yan 伯顔 (1236-1295) [2] High-ranking officer of the Yuan 元, often transliterated as Ba Yan 巴延. He served as Grand Councilor of the Left (zuo cheng xiang 左丞相) and was the

53 principal general leading the Mongol troops to attack the Song 宋. His military officer Li Ting 李庭 [1] was hit by a bullet and struck down by arrows during an attack on Xin cheng 新城 in Sha yang 沙洋. Bo Yan ordered a buffalo to be cut open to place Li Ting into its abdominal cavity, and after an extended period of time the officer came back to life. This story is recorded in the → Yuan shi 元史, and LSZ takes it over in SE niu 牛. Bo zhai bian 泊宅編, “Compilation from Bo zhai” [6] Song 宋 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). Written by → Fang Shao 方勺. 10 juan (AV 3 juan, each with its own additions and omissions). Bo zhai 泊宅 is the name of a village now in Hu zhou 湖州 in Zhe jiang 浙江, where Fang lived in his later years. The book records events from court and commonality from the end of Northern Song to the beginning of Southern Song. It also includes information on medicinals. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Boluomen seng fang 波羅門僧方 → Poluomen seng 婆羅門僧 Boqi 伯奇 → Yin Boqi 尹伯奇 Boyu 伯玉 → Fang Boyu 房伯玉 Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty eminent monk, fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄 宗 (r. 712-756). Following the unrest of the tian bao 天寶 reign period (742-756), he obtained a recipe with xian mao 仙茅 transmitted by one → Xiyu daoren 西 域道人. The monk passed it on to the officials → Li Mian 李勉, → Lu Sigong 路嗣恭, → Qi Hang 齊杭, and → Zhang Jianfeng 張建封 to ingest, and all of them gained strength. LSZ cites this story second hand from the Five Dynasties → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方 in SE xian mao 仙茅. Bu she shuo 捕蛇説 → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集 Bu yi 補遺 → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 Bu yi fang 補遺方 → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦人良方補遺 Buzhi’er 布智兒 [1] This is Buzha’er 布扎爾 or Bujir, general and high official during the early Mongol khanat in occupied Northern China. From the Duo-tuo-er-tai 多托爾台 clan according to Bujir’s biography in the → Yuan shi 元史, but this ethnic group cannot be identified if it existed. He took part in Cinggis-qan’s campaigns against Khwarazm and into Russia. When once he was seriously wounded, Cinggis-qan, emperor → Tai zu 太祖 , ordered an ox to be cut open to place the wounded general into its abdominal cavity to have him soaked in blood and secretions. LSZ mentions Bujir in SE niu 牛. Bu zhu 補注 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Bu zhu ben cao 補注本草 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Bu zi mi fang 不自秘方, “unowned Secret recipes” [2] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Liu Dang 劉黨. 1 juan. The original text

54 is lost, but there is a Bu zi mi fang (printed 1503) that is said to have been transmitted by one Meishan yisou 梅山逸叟, “Idle Old Man of Mei shan.” LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections, but he cites it in SE ji 雞 without mentioning an author and leaving it uncertain which text he is citing from.

-CCai Bangdu 蔡邦度 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Details of his life are unavailable, except that he served as a Prefect of a Superior Prefecture (zhi fu 知府). The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一 選方 lists three recipes transmitted by Cai Bangdu. They were recorded in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, where they were erroneously attributed to a → Jing yan liang fang 經驗良方 . LSZ takes this mistake over in SE sha cao 莎草 when citing second hand from the Pu ji fang. Cai da yin 蔡大尹, “district Magistrate Cai” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. His name and details about his life are unavailable. → Dong Bing 董炳, in his → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方, recorded the treatment of Cai’s wife by a monk using mu tou hui 墓頭回 to cure her from a gynecological disease. LSZ takes this over in SE mu tou hui 墓頭回. Cai dadao 蔡達道 [1] Song 宋 dynasty official who served as governor (tai shou 太守). He possessed an “elixir of Wu the immortal” (Wu xian dan 吳仙丹) to cure “phlegm rheum” (tan yin 痰飲). LSZ refers to Cai in connection with this recipe, but although he claims that he took his material from the Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ), such a recipe is not included in the Zhu shi ji yan fang at all. LSZ, in SE wu zhu yu 吳茱萸, was probably quoting from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which contains the same recipe and associates it with governor Cai 蔡 as well. Cai heshang 蔡和尚, “Monk Cai” [1] Ming 明 period Buddhist monk. Personal name unknown. Resided at the “Iron Buddha Monastery” (tie fo si 鐵佛寺) in Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu han 武漢 in Hu bei 湖北. Once he prepared pills with mu bie ren 木鱉仁 and applied them to his hemorrhoids to make them dissolve. LSZ records this story in his → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 and cites it in SE mu bie zi 木鱉子. Cai Jing 蔡京 (1047-1126) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Yuanchang 元長, a man of Xian you 仙游 in Xing hua 興化, now part of Fu jian 福建. He rose to the posts of Vice Director of the Right (you pu ye 右僕射) and Grand Preceptor (tai shi 太師) but was later considered one of the notorious “six traitors” that were made responsible for the Song decline. The → Chun zhu ji wen 春渚紀聞 relates his story, and LSZ mentions him in SE yan long 鹽龍.

55 Cai Jiufeng 蔡九峰 (1167-1230) [1] This is the nickname of Cai Shen 蔡沈, a Southern Song 宋 scholar. Style name Zhongmo 仲默, a man of Jian yang 建陽 in present-day Fu jian 福建. He lived as a retired scholar at the town of Jiu feng 九峰, (located in Ping he 平和 county in Shan xi 山西), therefore other scholars called him Jiufeng xiansheng 九峰先 生, “Gentleman of the Nine Peaks.” Cai Shen was the second son of Cai Yuanding 蔡元定 and a disciple of Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子). He specialized in the → Shang shu 尚書 and, among others, used the → Huang ji jing shi shu 皇極 經世書 of Shao Yong 邵雍 (→ Shao Yaofu 邵堯夫) to create works like the Shu ji zhuan 書集傳, “Collected Traditions of the Shang shu,” and the Hong fan huang ji 洪範皇極, “The Fundamental Laws and Supreme Principles.” LSZ cites Cai Jiufeng by name but does not indicate his source. Textual research shows that the material quoted is from juan 2 of the Hong fan huang ji. Cai Lun 蔡倫 (died 112) [1] Eastern Han 漢 official famous of his invention of paper making. Style name Jingzhong 敬仲, a man of Gui yang 桂陽 commandery, now Chen zhou 郴州 in Hu nan 湖南. He held various court posts and in 105 he submitted a memorial to the throne to report on the technique of paper making. LSZ mentions him in SE zhi 紙. Cai Mo 蔡謨 Famous Eastern Jin 晉 high official and physician. Style name Daoming 道明, a man of Kao cheng 考城 in Chen liu 陳留, now Lan kao 蘭考 in He nan 河南. He held a regional appointment and is said to have been well-versed in Confucianism, Daoism and medicine, especially in materia medica and recipe literature. According to the → You ming lu 幽明錄, he once dreamed that his relative → Zhang Jia 張甲 suffered from “dry cholera” (gan huo luan 干霍亂) that should be treated with the ingestion of spiders. LSZ takes over this story in SE zhi zhu 蜘 蛛, referring to Cai as Cai Mo [1] and Mo 謨 [1]. Cai pu 菜譜 → Ye cai pu 野菜譜 Cai shi 蔡氏, “Mr. Cai” [2] This is Cai Qi 蔡啟, a Northern Song official and expert on poetics. Style name Kuanfu 寬父. Cai was a jin shi and held offices as inspector in the examination system and as Attendant Gentleman of the Erudites (bo shi shi lang 博士侍郎) at the Imperial Academy (tai xue 太學). Author of the → Cai shi shi hua 蔡氏詩話. Cai shi shi hua 蔡氏詩話, “Mr. Cai’s Poetry Talks” Northern Song 宋 book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Cai Qi 蔡 啟 (→ Cai shi 蔡氏). The book does not occur in bibliographical sources after Song times and was apparently lost, although fragments survive in a number of later works from Song and Ming 明 times where it is mostly called Cai Kuanfu shi hua 蔡寬夫詩話, “Cai Kuanfu’s Poetry Talks.” LSZ cites the book as Cai shi shi hua [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but this material is actually from the Juan you za lu 倦游雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Weary Wanderings,” (→ Juan you lu 倦游錄). In one reference to a → Shi hua 詩話

56 without indication of an author it is not clear which poetry talks LSZ is referring to. Cai Tao 蔡絛 [8] Song 宋 dynasty official. Style name Yuezhi 約之, literary name Baina jushi 百 衲居士, “Retired Scholar of Bai na,” and Wuwei zi 無為子, “Master of Inaction.” A man of Xian you 仙游 in Xing hua 興化, now part of Fu jian 福建. He was the youngest son of → Cai Jing 蔡京, one of the “six traitors” that were made responsible for the Song decline. He held various court offices but after the fall of his father was exiled to Bai zhou 白州 in 1126, where he wrote the → Tie wei shan cong tan 鐵圍山叢談. Cai Tao cong hua 蔡絛叢話 → Tie wei shan cong tan 鐵圍山叢談 Cai Tao cong tan 蔡絛叢談 → Tie wei shan cong tan 鐵圍山叢談 Cai Xiang 蔡襄 (1012-1067) [4] Northern Song 宋 calligrapher. Style name Junmo 君謨, a man of Xian you 仙游 in Xing hua 興化, now part of Fu jian 福建. Jin shi 1030. He held various court offices and was an expert in calligraphy. Cai wrote a Cha lu 茶錄, “Tea Records,” a → Li zhi pu 荔枝譜, and other books. Cai yi bo 蔡醫博, “Medical Erudite Cai” [3] Southern Song 宋 medical official. His personal name and details about his life are unavailable. The → Jian yi fang 簡易方  of Li Minshou 黎民壽 (→ Li Jushi 黎居士) lists numerous recipes of a Wai jiao Cai yi bo 外舅蔡醫博, “Maternal uncle, medical erudite Cai,” so Cai may have been a maternal uncle of Li Minshou. LSZ, citing from Li’s Jian yi fang, attributes three recipes to Cai yi bo, but a comparison with his source shows that only the recipe in SE li 梨 can be traced to the Mr. Cai mentioned there. Cai yong 蔡邕 (133 -192) [4] Eastern Han 漢 literary scholar and calligrapher. Style name Bojie 伯喈, a man of Chen liu yu 陳留圉, located in the south of Qi xian 杞縣 in present-day He nan 河南. Cai was an expert in the classics and history, music, and celestial patterns (tian wen 天文). He was good at writing poetry and prose and was known for his calligraphy, especially his official script (li shu 隸書). He participated in the compilation of the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記 and was the author of the → Du duan 獨斷 and a variety of other writings. Fragments of these were collected during the Ming 明 into the Cai zhong lang ji 蔡中郎集, “Collection of Cai the Inner Gentleman,” in 2 juan. LSZ lists the Du duan in his bibliographical sections but does not quote any material from it in the main text. Where he refers to Cai Yong in the main text, this material is not from the Du duan but from other texts found in the → Tong zhi 通志 and the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼. LSZ also quotes the → Yue ling 月令  and the → Qin cao 琴操 of Cai Yong, again drawing upon secondary sources for the lost works.

57 Cai yu yi 蔡御醫, “Imperial Physician Cai” [1] Southern Song 宋 imperial physician. Personal name and details about his life are unavailable. He once used pu huang 蒲黃 and gan jiang 乾薑 to cure Emperor → Song Du zong 宋度宗 from a swollen tongue. LSZ cites this in SE xiang pu 香蒲. Cai zhi tu 採芝圖, “Illustrations of Collecting Zhi” [1] Book of illustrations of zhi 芝 fungi. Many illustrated texts called Cai zhi 採芝, “Collecting Zhi,” were recorded over the centuries. The material quoted from a Cai zhi tu in LSZ’s main text is taken from a section called Xian ren cai zhi tu 仙 人採芝圖, “Illustrations of Immortals Collecting Zhi,” in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, juan 986, so it must date to Song 宋 times or before. Cai Zongyan 蔡宗顔 [2] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. He held a local office, other details about his life are unknown. He wrote the Cha shan jie dui 茶山節對, “Brief Answers from the Tea Mountain” (→ Cha dui 茶對), cited by LSZ. Can tong qi 參同契, “Token of the agreement [of the Three]” [7] Eastern Han 漢 Daoist classic, the most important early text to discuss alchemy. AN Zhou yi can tong qi 周易參同契, “Token of the Agreement [of the Three] in Accordance with the Zhou yi.” Written by → Wei Bo yang 魏伯陽. 3 juan. The book holds material on the Eight Trigrams (ba gua 八卦) and uses much specialized vocabulary to discuss alchemical lore and immortality. It also attempted to unify the three philosophical streams of the Great Change (da yi 大易, i.e., the Book of Changes), the Inner Furnace (lu huo 爐火, i.e., inner alchemy), and Huang lao 黃老 thought. Cang gong 倉公 → Chunyu Yi 淳於意 Cang gong zhuan 倉公傳 → Chunyu Yi zhuan 淳於意傳, → Shi ji 史記 Cang Jie jie gu 倉頡解詁, “Explanatory Notes of Cang Jie” Probably Jin 晉 dynasty lost lexicographical text. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The Qing 清 dynasty scholar Huang Shi 黃奭 attributed the work to → Guo Pu 郭璞. 1 juan. Fragments are found in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the Tai ping yu lan, and other encyclopedias. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Cang Jie jie gu [2] and once writes Cang Jie jie gu 蒼頡解詁 [1]. The material on yun hao 芸蒿 he cites can be found in the Qi min yao shu, the Yi wen lei ju, the Chen shi xiang pu 陳氏香譜, “Mr. Chen’s Treatise on Aromatic Substances,” of Chen Jing 陳敬, and other books, and it remains unclear which work LSZ used as a source. Cang Jie jie gu 蒼頡解詁 → Cang Jie jie gu 倉頡解詁 Cangqi 藏器 → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器 Cangyong 藏用 → Shi Cangyong 石藏用

58 Cao Gongzhuo 曹公卓 [1] Song 宋 or pre-Song person. No details about his life available. LSZ takes over a pill recipe associated with him from the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 in SE shi zhong ru 石鐘乳. Cao Kuan 曹寬 [1] Five Dynasties period person of Later Jin 晉. A man of extraordinary strength from Zhen zhou 鎮州, now in the area of Shi jia zhuang 石家庄 in He bei 河 北. It is said that he retrieved two horns from a dead dragon. LSZ mentions him in SE long 龍. Cao lu ji 草廬集, “Grass Hut Collection” This is LSZ’s designation for the Wu Wenzheng ji 吳文正集, “Collection of Wu Wenzheng,” a Song 宋/Yuan 元 literary collection. FE Xu tong zhi yi wen lüe 續 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Sequel to the Comprehensive Treatises.” Material written by → Wu Cheng 吳澄, collection compiled by his grandson. 100 juan. LSZ lists this text as the Cao lu ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite the title directly in the main text. He does, however, cite a Lan shuo 蘭説, “Discussion of the Orchid,” by Wu Caolu 吳草廬 (Wu Cheng’s nickname) there, which can be found under the name Lan wan shuo 蘭畹説, “Discussion of the Orchid Garden,” in the collection. Cao mu shu 草木疏 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Cao mu zhuang 草木狀 → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀 Cao Pi 曹毗 [1] Early Eastern Jin 晉 poet. Style name Fuzuo 輔佐, a man of Qiao guo 譙國, now Bo zhou 亳州 in An hui 安徽. Fond of literature from a young age, he became an expert in ci fu 詞賦 poetry and was awarded with literary and honorary posts. He compiled a → Du lan xiang zhuan 杜蘭香傳 and other texts and has a literary collection in 15 juan. Cao Shuya 曹叔雅 [3] Man of the early Northern Song 宋 dynasty, sometimes erroneously written Cao Shuquan 曹叔權. Author of the Lu ling yi wu zhi 廬陵異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Lu ling,” abbreviated by LSZ as → Yi wu zhi 異物志 . Cao Xian 曹憲 (541-645) [3] Sui 隋 dynasty literary scholar. A man of Jiang du 江都 in Yang zhou 揚州, now Yang zhou in Jiang su 江蘇. According to the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), he died at the age of 105. Cao was apparently born during the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty, became a literary official under the Sui and finally held a post at the beginning of the Tang 唐. He was an expert in the → Wen xuan 文選 and in the study of lexicography. He had many disciples and was the author of several books such as the → Bo ya 博雅, the → Wen zi zhi gui 文字指歸, the Gui yuan zhu cong 桂苑珠叢, “Pearl Collection from the Cinnamon Garden,” and the Wen xuan yin yi 文選音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning in the Wen xuan.”

59 Cao Xiaozhong 曹孝忠 [1] Northern Song 宋 medical official. He held various posts as a medical official at the inner court between 1111 and 1117 and was even promoted to the post of imperial physician. He participated in the compilation of the → Sheng ji jing 聖濟 經 and in 1117 edited the → ZLBC to produce the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草. Cao Zhao 曹昭 (2nd half of the 14th century) [4] Ming 明 dynasty writer. Style name Mingzhong 明仲, a man of Song jiang 松 江, now part of Shang hai 上海. As a collector of bronzes, books, calligraphy, and other old and rare things, he knew how to assess their authenticity and value. Summing up this knowledge he composed the Ge gu yao lun 格古要論, “Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things,” called → Ge gu lun 格古 論 by LSZ. LSZ cites Cao’s Ge gu lun as well as the revised edition by → Wang Zuo 王佐 in his main text, but only lists the Ge gu lun of Wang Zuo in his bibliographical sections. Cao Zhi 曹植 (192-232) Poet from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Zijian 子建, a man of Qiao xian 譙縣, now Bo zhou 亳州 in An hui 安徽. He was the son of Cao Cao 曹操 (→ Wei Wu di 魏武帝) and was conferred the title Prince Si 思 of Chen 陳 (Chen Si wang 陳思王). Cao Zhi was famous for his literary talent and poetry. His original literary collection is now lost, but there is a Song 宋 period collection of fragments called the → Cao Zijian ji 曹子建 集. LSZ cites this work and refers to Cao as Cao Zhi [3] and as Cao Zijian 曹 子建 [2]. Cao Zijian 曹子建 → Cao Zhi 曹植 Cao Zijian ji 曹子建集, “Collection of Cao Zijian” Lost literary collection. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Chen Si wang ji 陳思王集, “Collection of Prince Si of Chen.” Written by → Cao Zhi 曹植 (Zijian 子建) of Three Kingdoms Wei 魏. 30 juan (AV 20 juan). There is a Song 宋 volume that was put together from fragments. LSZ lists the book as Cao Zijian ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. He does, however, refer to the Qi qi 七啟, “Seven Explanations,” [1], to the E niao lun 惡 鳥論, “Discourse on Malicious Birds,” [1], which are both part of the Cao Zijian ji, and he likewise refers material from the collection to Cao Zhi [2] without naming the book. Caochuang 草窗 → Zhou Mi 周密 Caomu zi 草木子, “Master of Herbs and Trees” [7] Early Ming 明 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明 史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Ye Ziqi 葉子奇 (literary name Caomu zi 草木子). DC 1378. 4 juan, 8 sections. The book covers material on celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), law, the calendar, farming and gardening, worms/bugs and herbs, etc. LSZ cites the title in his bibliographical sections and the main text, sometimes labeling it with one of the

60 author’s names. Among other things LSZ takes up the theory from this book that Prince → Liu An 劉安 of the Han 漢 invented bean curd (dou fu 豆腐). Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜, “Outstanding Models from the Official archives” [1] Song 宋 period encyclopedia. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by Wang Qinruo 王欽若, → Yang Yi 楊億, and others at the orders of → Song Zhen zong 真宗. DC 10051013. The encyclopedia describes the deeds of lords and ministers from ancient times to the Five Dynasties period and is arranged into 31 parts (bu 部) with a great number of chapters (men 門). Its material primarily consists of historiographical works (shi bu 史部) but also includes Confucian classics (jing bu 經部) and other philosophical works (zi bu 子部). Fragments from a great number of pre-Song historical texts are preserved in the book. It does, however, not include novels and anecdotes (shuo bu 説部), that is, fiction, brush notes (bi ji 筆記), etc. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. Nevertheless, he probably drew upon the encyclopedia for many of the lost pre-Song sources he cites. Cen Can 岑參 (c. 715-770) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poet. A man of Jiang ling 江陵, now Jing zhou 荊州 in Hu bei 湖北, jin shi 744. He held various national and local posts, including that of prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Jia zhou 嘉州, for which reason he was called Cen Jiazhou 岑 嘉州. He is known for his heptasyllabic ballad-songs (qi yan ge xing 七言歌行). His writings are collected in the Cen Jiazhou shi ji 岑嘉州詩集, “Poetry Collection of Cen Jiazhou,” cited by LSZ as the → Cen Can shi ji 岑參詩集. Cen Can shi ji 岑參詩集, “Poetry Collection of Cen Can” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Cen Jiazhou shi ji 岑嘉州詩集, “Poetry Collection of Cen Jiazhou,” the lost literary collection of the Tang 唐 poet → Cen Can 岑參. 10 juan. Various incomplete editions were published during Song 宋 and Ming 明 times. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections, but does not refer to it again in the main text. He also does not cite any of Cen’s individual poems. Cen gong 岑公 → Ruicen gong 瑞岑公 Cha dui 茶對, “answers about Tea” [2] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Cha shan jie dui 茶山節對, “Brief Answers from the Tea Mountain,” a lost Northern Song 宋 book devoted to information on tea leaves. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Cai Zongyan 蔡宗顔. 1 juan. → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 considered this book the most detailed on the subject. LSZ lists it in his bibliographical sections and cites Kou’s evaluation of the work in the main text. Cha jing 茶經, “Tea Classic” Tang 唐 dynasty specialized book on tea. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Lu Yu 陸羽. DC c. 756-760. 3 juan, 10 chapters. This was the first book on tea in China that details issues like the shape and properties of tea, quality, production

61 areas, harvesting and processing, preparation, cooking utensils, and the history of tea. LSZ cites the book as Cha jing [4] and also refers material from it to the author’s name Lu Yu [3] alone. Cha pu 茶譜, “Treatise on Tea” [6] Lost Five Dynasties period specialized book on tea. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Mao Wenxi 毛文錫 from Later Shu 蜀. DC 2nd half of the 10th century. 1 juan. The book contains contemporary information about tea, it describes famous teas of different areas, preparation methods, and relates some anecdotes. The book was looked down upon by many and was therefore not transmitted as a single work. Fragments are preserved by the → Shuo fu 説郛 and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Cha shuo 茶説, “Elucidations on Tea” [1] Text attributed to → Su Shi 蘇軾 in the BCGM. The material is actually not a separate text but part of the → Qiu chi bi ji 仇池筆記 attributed to Su Shi, where it is entitled Lun cha 論茶, “Discussing Tea.” It is not found in the complete collection of Su Shi’s works, the Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo,” (→ Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集). Cha xu 茶序, “Introduction to Tea” [1] This is a Tang 唐 dynasty text that was most probably called Dai cha yin xu 代茶 飲序, “Introduction to Replacing Tea Drinking.” Written by → Wu Jiong 毋煚 to elucidate the dangers associated with the consumption of tea. The Tang xin yu 唐新語, “New Talks of the Tang,” calls this text Dai cha lu xu 代茶錄序, “Introduction to the Record on Replacing Tea,” by Wu Xiong 毋焸. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 refers to it as Dai cha yin xu of Qimu Jing 綦母景, and the → ZLBC writes Cha yin xu 茶飲序, “Introduction to Drinking Tea,” by Mu Jing 母 景. LSZ cites this second hand as the Cha xu of Wu Jiong 毋炅 in SE ming 茗. Taking all these writings into account as well as the historical facts about the author found in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), the correct names of book and author must be Dai cha yin xu 代茶飲序 and Wu Jiong 毋煚. Chai Jiang zhu ming yi 柴蔣諸名醫 → Xu Fengyu 許奉御 Chan bao 產寶, “Jewels of Childbirth” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty text on gynecology and obstetrics. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Zan Yin 昝殷. DC da zhong 大中 reign period (847-860). 3 juan. The book focuses on pregnancy complications, difficult birth and post-partum illnesses. In 897, Zhou Ting 周頲 rearranged and supplemented the book with one juan containing material by himself and others. The → ZLBC and the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 quote fragments, which are taken over by LSZ. LSZ cites the book as Chan bao [36], as Chan bao fang 產寶方, “Recipes from the Jewels of Childbirth,” [4], and as Chan bao jian 產寶鑒, “Mirror of the Jewels of Childbirth,” [4], frequently adding the name of the author before the book title.

62 Chan bao fang 產寶方 → Chan bao 產寶 Chan bao jian 產寶鑒 → Chan bao 產寶 Chan ru 產乳 → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方 Chan ru fang 產乳方 → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方 Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes for Childbirth and Nursing” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty text on gynecology and obstetrics. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN there Yang shi chan ru ji yan fang 楊氏產乳集驗方, “Mr. Yang’s Collected and Proven Recipes for Childbirth and Nursing.” Written by → Yang Guihou 楊歸厚. 3 juan. The text contained 911 obstetrical recipes. The → ZLBC reproduces fragments, which are cited by LSZ. He refers to the book as Yang shi chan ru ji yan fang [2], as Chan ru ji yan fang [1], as Yang shi chan ru 楊氏產乳, “Mr. Yang’s [Book on] Childbirth and Nursing,” [25], as Yang shi chan ru fang 楊氏產乳方, “Mr. Yang’s Childbirth and Nursing Recipes,” [2], as Chan ru 產 乳, “Childbirth and Nursing,” [6], and as Chan ru fang 產乳方, “Childbirth and Nursing Recipes,” [1]. Chan ru shu 產乳書 → Chan shu 產書 Chan shu 產書, “The Book on Childbirth” Anonymous lost Northern Song 宋 or earlier obstetrical text. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC and size uncertain. LSZ cites recipes in his main text, taking over fragments from the ZLBC, but does not list the book in his bibliographical sections. He refers to the work as Chan shu [6] and incorrectly as Chan ru shu 產乳書, “The Book on Childbirth and Nursing,” [1]. Chang Hong 萇弘 (died 492 BCE) [1] Zhou dynasty official. The → Zuo zhuan 左傳  has his biography. The → Zhuang zi 莊子 relates a legend stating that following his death Chang Hong’s blood transformed to green jade after his death. LSZ repeats this story in SE ren xue 人血, #. Chang pu zhuan 菖蒲傳, “Notes on acorus” [2] Anonymous pharmaceutical monograph on acorus (chang pu 菖蒲). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” 1 juan. Further details unavailable. LSZ lists the text in his bibliographical sections and in his main text claims that it was included in the Daoist Canon (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). He considers it a crude work and therefore summarizes its essential points. The material quoted is Daoist and includes instructions for nurturing life by taking longevity medications. Chang qing ji 長慶集, “The Chang qing reign Period Collection”  LSZ’s abbreviation for the Bai shi chang qing ji 白氏長慶集, “Mr. Bai’s Chang qing Reign Period Collection,” the literary collection of Tang 唐 dynasty poet → Bai Juyi 白居易. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” The collection is named after the

63 chang qing 長慶 reign period (821-824) during which its compilation was started. 75 juan, 71 juan surviving that include 37 juan of poetry and 34 juan of prose. LSZ cites the collection as the Chang qing ji [1] of Bai Letian in his bibliographical sections but in the main text refers instead to the Bai Letian shi 白樂天詩, “Poems of Bai Letian,” [2], the Bai Letian ji 白樂天集, “Collection of Bai Letian,” [1], or just to the author’s name Bai Juyi 白居易 [3]. Passages referred to the Li zhi tu xu 荔枝圖序, “Introduction to the Lychee Illustrations,” [1] or the Tu xu 圖序, “Introduction to the Illustrations,” [1] are also taken from this book.

 LSZ’s abbreviation for the Yuan shi chang qing ji 元氏長慶集, “Mr. Yuan’s Chang qing Reign Period Collection,” the literary collection of the Tang writer → Yuan Zhen 元稹. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written during the chang qing 長慶 reign period (821-824), thus its name. Originally 100 juan but, already fragmentary by Song 宋 times, only 60 juan survive. These consist of 27 juan of shi 詩 and fu 賦 poetry and 33 juan of prose. LSZ cites the work as Chang qing ji [5] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, referring it to Yuan Zhen every time, and as Yuan Zhen shi 元稹詩, “Poetry of Yuan Zhen,” [1]. Chang Qizhi 常器之 [1] This is the style name of Chang Yingshi 常穎士, a Song 宋 dynasty physician with special expertise in the medical field of sores and lesions (yang ke 瘍 科), who gained a post as Imperial Physician (guo yi 國醫) at the beginning of the Southern Song. In 1154, he diagnosed the mother of → Shi Yuan 史源 with “melting and thirst” (xiao ke 消渴), i.e., diabetes. The Shang han bu wang lun 傷 寒補亡論, “Discourse Supplementing the Lost Parts of the Shang han [lun],” of the Song author Guo Yong 郭雍 and the → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要 of → Chen Ziming 陳自明 both quote material associated with him, and LSZ mentions him in SE sha cao 莎草. Chang Sangjun 長桑君 [2] Warring States Period physician, considered the teacher of → Bian Que 扁鵲 . LSZ refers to two anecdotes about Chang and Bian Que taken from the → Zhan guo ce 戰國策. Chang Zizheng 常子正 [1] Late Northern Song 宋, early Southern Song official. During the xuan he 宣和 reign period (1119-1125) he obtained an “elixir of Wu the immortal” (Wu xian dan 吳仙丹) from → Cai Dadao 蔡達道 and successfully cured his phlegm rheum disease (tan yin bing 痰飲病) with it. LSZ cites this in SE wu zhu yu 吳茱萸. Changsun Wuji 長孫無忌 (died 659) Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Fuji 輔機, a man of Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南. For assisting the Tang emperor Tai zong 太宗 in gaining the throne, he was awarded the title Duke of the State of Zhao (Zhao guo gong 趙國公). In 657 he was ordered to undertake the compilation of the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 along with Su Jing 蘇敬 (→ Su Gong 蘇恭), therefore he is often considered the work’s main editor. Changsun was suspected to have plotted re-

64 bellion and sent to exile in 659, where he committed suicide by hanging himself. He was succeeded by → Li Ji 李勣 in the compilation of the Tang ben cao. LSZ cites him as Changsun Wuji [1] or simply as Wuji 無忌 [1]. Chao fu 巢父 [1] Legendary hermit at the time of the mythical emperor → Yao 堯. The Gao shi zhuan 高士傳,“Biographies of Eminent Scholars,” of → Huangfu Mi 皇甫謐 states: “He built his nest in a tree and slept there,” hence he was nicknamed Chao fu 巢父, “Old Man from the Nest.” He was a friend of →Xu You 許由. When Yao wished to abdicate, he offered his position to Chao fu and Xu You. Both declined. LSZ mentions him in SE shi liu chi 石硫赤. Chao shi 巢氏 → Chao Yuanfang 巢元方 Chao shi 晁氏 → Chao Yidao 晁以道 Chao shi ke hua 晁氏客話 → Chao shi ke yu 晁氏客語 Chao shi ke yu 晁氏客語, “Mr. Chao’s Conversations with Guests,” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Chao Shuozhi ke yu 晁説之客語, “Chao Shuozhi’s Conversations with Guests.” Written by Chao Shuozhi 晁説之 (→ Chao Yidao 晁以道). 1 juan. The book describes things seen and heard in court and commonality and records quotations of certain people. The title “Conversations with Guests” indicates the origin of these anecdotes. LSZ, mistakenly substituting hua 話 for yu 語, does not ever cite the text by its proper name. Instead, he lists the book as Ke hua 客話, “Talks with Guests,” [1] in his bibliographical sections, referring it to Chao’s style name Chao Yidao, and cites it as Chao shi ke hua 晁氏客話, “Mr. Chao’s Talks with Guests,” [1] in the main text. Chao ye qian zai 朝野僉載, “Complete records from Court and Commona lity” [8] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). Written by → Zhang Zhuo 張鷟. 20 juan. The text recorded stories from court and commonality during Sui 隋 and Tang times. Fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, and based on these fragments an edition was restored later. Chao yidao 晁以道 (1059-1129) This is the style name of Chao Shuozhi 晁説之, a Song 宋 dynasty official and poet. Literary name Jingyu 景迂, “Bright and Literal-Minded,” a man of Qing feng 清豐 in present-day He nan 河南. He is described as a learned man with wide-ranging knowledge, an accomplished poet and calligrapher, and a specialist in the study of the → Zhou yi 周易. Chao held court posts and was the author of a Jingyu sheng ji 景迂生集, “Mr. Jingyu’s Collection,” and the → Chao shi ke yu 晁氏客語. LSZ refers to him as Chao Yidao [1] and within an incorrect designation for the latter book as Chao shi 晁氏, “Mr. Chao,” [1]. Chao yuanfang 巢元方 Sui 隋 dynasty medical official. Details about his life are lacking, except that he held high medical posts between 605 and 616. Author of the Zhu bing yuan hou

65 lun 諸病源候論, “Discourse on the Origins and Symptoms of All Diseases” (→ Bing yuan lun 病原論) compiled in 610. LSZ cites him as Chao Yuanfang [4] and as Chao shi 巢氏, “Mr. Chao,” [1]. Chao zhou zhi 潮州志, “Chao zhou Gazetteer” [1] Local gazetteer. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” LSZ quotes a Chao zhou zhi in SE wu zi shi 五子實 but does not indicate its author or date of composition. During the Ming 明 dynasty reign periods yong le 永樂 (1403-1425), zheng tong 正統 (1436-1450), jing tai 景泰 (1450-1457), tian shun 天順 (1457-1465), hong zhi 弘治 (1488-1506), and jia jing 嘉 靖 (1522-1567), the Chao zhou zhi was repeatedly revised, but the text has apparently not been preserved. Che cu 硩蔟 → Che cu shi 硩蔟氏 Che cu shi 硩蔟氏, “Gentleman Collecting Nests” Offical post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Charged with removing the nests of the “early death bird” (yao niao 夭鳥), the calls of which were considered inauspicious. LSZ refers to this office as Che cu shi [2] and as Che cu 硩蔟, “One Who Collects Nests,” [1]. Chen ao 陳翱 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty author. The Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” states that he was active during the reigns of the Tang emperors → Xian zong 憲宗 and Mu zong 穆 宗 (806-824). Author of the lost → Zhuo yi ji 卓異記. A book of this name is sometimes attributed to → Li Ao 李翱 or Chen Han 陳翰, but these names are probably textual errors. Chen Baisha 陳白沙 (1422-1500) [1] This is one of the names of Chen Xianzhang 陳獻章, a Ming 明 dynasty scholar. Style name Gongfu 公甫, a man of Xin hui 新會 in present-day Guang dong 廣 東. Chen also dwelt at a village called Bai sha 白沙 for a while, thus his name. He was a provincial graduate (ju ren 舉人), and in 1447 he was recommended for a post at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. His teachings emphasized meditation in order to gain insight and were transmitted by his disciples as the Bai sha school of thought. Chen’s writings are collected in the → Chen Baisha ji 陳白沙集. Chen Baisha ji 陳白沙集, “Collection of Chen Baisha” [1] Literary collection. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by the Ming 明 writer Chen Xianzhang 陳獻章 (→ Chen Baisha 陳白沙). 9 juan, with 4 juan of prose and 5 juan of poetry. Today, there are the Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” and other editions. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. Chen Beishan 陳北山 [1] This is the nickname of Chen Kongshuo 陳孔碩, a Song 宋 dynasty Neo-Confucian philosopher. Style name Fuzhong 膚仲, Chongqing 崇清. People also

66 called him Beishan xiansheng 北山先生, “Gentleman of the Northern Mountains,” thus his nickname Chen Beishan. A man of Hou guan 侯官, now Fu zhou 福州 in Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1175. Chen Kongshuo’s grandfather and father were both known as Neo-Confucian philosophers who studied with Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子) in Wu yi 武夷. He held various high official posts in the central government and died at the age of more than 80 years. After his mother fell ill, Chen studied medicine and in 1209 he organized a medical service for the treatment of epidemics in the capital. He published an edition of the → Mai jing 脈 經  in Guang xi 廣西. LSZ cites a recipe transmitted by him from the → Ren zhai zhi zhi fang 仁齋直指方 in SE ba dou 巴豆. Chen Bian 陳抃 Song 宋 dynasty official. A man of Jian an 建安, now Jian ou 建甌 in Fu jian 福建, jin shi during the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085). Author of the Shou ji bei ji jing xiao fang 手集備急經效方, “Tried and Efficacious Recipes for Emergencies, Collected by Hand.” LSZ assigns the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  and the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方, both quoted in the → ZLBC, to Chen. However, considering the life dates of Chen Bian, it is unlikely for chronological reasons that the ZLBC would have quoted Chen’s works, so LSZ is apparently mistaken here. LSZ refers to Chen as Chen Bian [1] and as Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [5] (cf. → Chen shi 陳氏 ). Chen cang ren 陳倉人, “Man from Chen cang” [1] Qin 秦 dynasty person of Chen cang 陳倉, now in the north of Bao ji shi 寶雞 市 in Shaan xi 陝西. Personal name lost. According to the → Shu yi ji 述異記, he once caught a wild animal that appeared to be half pig, half lamb. LSZ cites this in SE wang liang 罔兩. Chen Cangqi 陳藏器 (died 757) Tang 唐 dynasty medical scholar and official. A man of Ming zhou 明州, now Ning bo 寧波 in Zhe jiang 浙江, who moved to San yuan 三原 in present-day Shaan xi 陝西 to take up a local post. Because of his perception of the inadequacies of the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, he wrote the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 to supplement and correct it. LSZ, who used extensive fragments of the Ben cao shi yi quoted in the → ZLBC, thought highly of the detailed information in it. He refers to Chen as Chen Cangqi [127], Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [41], Chen gong 陳公, “Honorable Mr. Chen,” [1], Cangqi 藏器 [1495], and as Qi 器 [1]. Chen Cangqi ben cao 陳藏器本草 → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 Chen Cheng 陳承 Northern Song 宋 expert in pharmaceutics. Originally from Lang zhong 閬中 in present-day Si chuan 四川, he moved to Yu hang 餘杭 in Zhe jiang 浙江 with his mother after the death of his father. As an official, he took part in the compilation of the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方, and in 1092 he compiled the Chong guang bu zhu Shen nong ben cao bing tu jing 重廣補注神農本草并圖經, “The Shen nong ben cao and the Illustrated Classic, Repeatedly Expanded, Supplemented and

67 Annotated,” (→ Ben cao bie shuo 本草別説). LSZ refers to Chen as Chen Cheng [24] or simply as Cheng 承 [37]. Chen Fengyuan 陳逢原 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Details about his life are unavailable. Served as governor (tai shou 太守) in Zhong zhou 忠州. He was cured by → Shang zhu jiao 商助教 from a “blockage-illness” (bi 痺) with a “powder to nourish the kidneys” (yang shen san 養腎散). LSZ cites this story from the → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書 in SE xi gua 西瓜. The story is told with a slightly different wording in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方. Chen gong 陳公 → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器 Chen Gong 陳拱 → Hong Gong 洪栱 Chen Guangshu 陳光述 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. Further details unavailable. The Tan Yeweng fang 談野 翁方, “Recipes of Tan Yeweng,” (→ Shi yan fang 試驗方) of approximately the late 15th century, records a recipe transmitted by him, and LSZ takes this over in SE jin si cao 金絲草. Chen Jiamo 陳嘉謨 (1486-1565?) Ming 明 dynasty specialist in pharmaceutics. Style name Tingcai 廷采, literary name Yuepeng 月朋, “Friend of the Moon,” a man of Qi men 祁門 in present-day An hui 安徽. Having been a sickly child, Chen took a special interest in medicine and became an accomplished physician. He is the author of the → Ben cao meng quan 本草蒙筌. LSZ refers to him as Chen Jiamo [17] and as Jiamo 嘉 謨 [29]. He also mentions his style name Tingcai [1] in the description of the Ben cao meng quan. Chen Jiamo ben cao 陳嘉謨本草 → Ben cao meng quan 本草蒙筌 Chen jie yuan Jiyan 陳解元吉言, “First-Place Candidate Chen Jiyan” [1] This is Chen Jiyan 陳吉言, a Ming 明 dynasty person. A man of Qi zhou 蘄, now Qi chun 蘄春 in Hu bei 湖北. In 1525 he ranked as first-place candidate (jie yuan 解元) in the provincial imperial examinations in Hu guang 湖廣, thus the designation LSZ uses for him. Chen participated in the compilation of the Qi zhou zhi 蘄州志,“Qi zhou Gazetteer.” One recipe transmitted by him appears in LSZ’s → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 and is taken over in SE guan zhong 貫衆. Chen Jingchu 陳景初 [1] Famous physician of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. During the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1086), he lived in Huai nan 淮南, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He once treated a family member of → Wang Anshi 王安石. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 contains his recipe for curing “water swelling” (shui zhong 水腫) that he apparently transmitted to → Li Boshi 李伯時. LSZ cites it in SE tian xian teng 天仙藤.

68 Chen Liangfu 陳良甫 → Chen Ziming 陳自明 Chen Linqiu 陳廩丘 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty physician, further details about his life are unavailable. Author of a number of important but now lost works including the Linqiu gong lun 廩丘 公論, “Discourses of the Honorable Mr. Linqiu,” and the Zheng fa jing 蒸法經, “Classic of Steaming Methods.” Extensive fragments of his writings survive in the Zhu bing yuan hou lun 諸病源候論, “Discourse on the Origins and Symptoms of All Diseases” (→ Bing yuan lun 病原論), the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺 秘要方, the Japanese Ishimpō 醫心方, “Medical Core Recipes,” and other books. LSZ mistakenly attributes a fragment from the → Xiao pin fang 小品方 to Chen Linqiu. Chen Pengnian 陳彭年 (961-1017) [1] Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Yongnian 永年, a man of Nan cheng 南 城 in Fu zhou 撫州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. He passed the jin shi examinations during the yong xi 雍熙 reign period (984-988) and held high court offices. Chen apparently was a man of great learning and on imperial order revised the → Qie yun 切韻 to produce the → Guang yun 廣韻. He also participated in the compilation of the → Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜. During the last reign period of the Southern Tang 唐 dynasty, Chen was frequently involved at court and witnessed historical events there personally. As a consequence, Chen’s → Jiang nan bie lu 江南別錄 is a major primary source for the history of Southern Tang. Chen has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史. LSZ quotes his Jiang nan bie lu and the Guang yun. Chen Po 陳坡 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Kuo cang 括蒼 in present-day Li shui 麗 水 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1247. According to the → Qi dong ye yu 齊東野語, his grandson once suffered from “smallpox with inverted moles” (dou dao yan 痘 倒靨) but was cured with a preparation of dogflies. LSZ cites this in SE gou ying 狗蠅. Chen Qichang 陳祈暢 [6] Man of the Tang 唐 dynasty, further details about his life are unavailable. Author of a lost → Yi wu zhi 異物志 . Chen renyu 陳仁玉 [2] Southern Song 宋 official, fl. 13th century. Style name (or literary name) Bilou 碧樓, a man of Xian ju 仙居 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. He became a topranked jin shi and held a local post and court offices. Author of the → Jun pu 菌 譜. Chen rihua 陳日華 This is the style name of Chen Yu 陳昱, a Southern Song 宋 official and medical writer, fl. late 12th, early 13th centuries. A man of Gu ling 古靈 in the southwest of present-day Hou guan 侯官 in Fu jian 福建. Among other posts, Chen served as Overseer-General (zong ling 總領) in Si chuan 四川 and was therefore called Chen zong ling 陳總領, “Overseer-General Chen.” He enjoyed collecting

69 famous and proven recipes and eventually compiled the Yijian zhi lei bian 夷堅 志類編, “Categorized Compilation of the Records of Yijian,” (→ Lei bian 類編). Chen also edited some recipes transmitted by his brother-in-law → Fang Yiwu 方夷吾 to produce the Fang shi ji yao fang 方氏集要方, “Collected Important Recipes of Mr. Fang,” (→ Ji yao fang 集要方 ) and authored a → Jing yan fang 經驗方 . Another book compiled by him is the Yin jiang zhi 鄞江志, “Gazetteer of Yin jiang,” (DC 1198). LSZ refers to Chen as Chen Rihua [7], as Chen zong ling [2], and possibly as Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [4] (cf. → Chen shi 陳氏 ). Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen”  [41] In connection with material on pharmaceutical substances, this is → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器, author of the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺.  [5] In connection with the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  and the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方, this is an erroneous reference to → Chen Bian 陳抃. Note that in connection with the Jing yan fang, this may be a reference to → Chen Rihua 陳日華 as well.

 [5] In connection with the → Chen shi fang 陳氏方  and in connection with the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 , this is → Chen Rihua 陳日華. Note that in the latter case this may be an erroneous reference to → Chen Bian 陳抃 as well.  [1] In connection with the → Xiao er fang 小兒方 , this is → Chen Wenzhong 陳文中.

 [1] In connection with the → San yin fang 三因方, this is → Chen Yan 陳言.  [1] → Chen shi fang 陳氏方 

 [1] Southern Song townsperson of the qing yuan 慶元 reign period (11951200), who dreamed that he was transmitted a recipe for the treatment of broken bones and injuries from a monk. LSZ mentions him in SE lü dou 綠豆. Chen shi ben cao 陳氏本草 → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 Chen shi fang 陳氏方, “recipes of Mr. Chen”  [1] In connection with the ju qing gu bai 舉卿古拜 powder, this is is a reference to recipes by Chen Xuan 陳選, an otherwise unknown person of Southern Song or earlier. The → Ben shi fang 本事方 of → Xu Shuwei 許叔微 states that Chen Xuan’s recipes contained the “two substances ju qing and gu bai.” In the same entry, LSZ refers the recipe to Chen Wuze 陳無擇 (→ Chen Yan 陳言), but Chen Yan’s → San yin fang 三因方 does not mention any such material, so the source of LSZ’s citation in SE jia su 假蘇 is unclear, as is the identification of the terms ju qing and gu bai.  [1] In connection with a “two spirit pill” (er shen wan 二神丸), this is the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Chen Rihua 陳日華. The recipe is found in the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, which attributes it to that author. LSZ takes it over in SE bi ba 蓽茇.

70 Chen shi jing yan fang 陳氏經驗方, “Mr. Chen’s Tried and Proven recipes” [4] This title may refer to any of the following texts:  The → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Chen Rihua 陳日華

 The → Jing yan fang 經驗方  attributed by LSZ incorrectly to → Chen Bian 陳抃 Chen shi lang 陳侍郎, “Vice director Chen” [1] This is the official title of Chen Yanxiu 陳彥修, an early Southern Song 宋 official. He served as Vice Director (shi lang 侍郎) in Kang zhou 康州, now De qing 德慶 in Guang dong 廣東. Chen once suffered from an extreme case of “wind depletion” (feng xu 風虛) and was restored to health by Wu Neihan 吳内翰 (→ Wu Qian 吳幵) with “monkshood powder” (bai fu zi san 白附子散). The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 recounts this event, and LSZ cites it in SE bai fu zi 白附 子 but gives the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 as his source. Chen shi shi yi 陳氏拾遺 → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 Chen shi xiao er fang 陳氏小兒方 → Xiao er fang 小兒方  Chen Shigu fang 陳師古方, “recipe of Chen Shigu” [1] Source of recipes. Towards the end of the Northern Song 宋, a man is documented with the name of Chen Shigu 陳師古. It is unclear whether this is the person LSZ is referring to, and the origin of the recipe cited in SE fan shi 礬石 remains uncertain. Chen Shiliang 陳士良 Southern Tang 唐 dynasty official, also written Chen Shiliang 陳仕良. Fl. mid10th century, further details about his life are unavailable. His official functions included a minor medical post, where Chen collected material on dietetics and composed the → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草. LSZ refers to him as Chen Shiliang [17] or simply as Shiliang 士良 [52]. Note that the contemporary BCGM editor Liu Hengru 劉衡如 suspects → Chen Xun 陳巽 to be an (erroneous) style name or given name of Chen Shiliang. Chen Shiliang ben cao 陳士良本草 → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草 Chen Shou 陳壽 (233-297) [2] Western Jin 晉 historiographer. Style name Chengzuo 承祚, a man of An han 安 漢 in Ba xi 巴西 in the south of present-day Si chuan 四川. He was an historian in the Kingdom of Shu Han 蜀漢 and during the following Jin dynasty, when he compiled the → San guo zhi 三國志. Chen Ting 陳霆 (late 15th, 1st half of the 16th century) [3] Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Shengbo 聲伯, a man of De qing 德清 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1502. He held a local teaching post and wrote numerous books including the → Liang shan mo tan 兩山墨談. Chen Tong 陳通 [1] Southern Song 宋 official, served as an envoy responsible for the wineries in Chu zhou 滁州. In 1185 he suffered from a “water swelling” (shui zhong 水腫) and was dying, but the ingestion of da suan 大蒜 saved his life. LSZ cites this story

71 second hand in SE ge li 蛤蜊 from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, but the material is originally from the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方. Chen Wenzhong 陳文中 Song 宋, Jin 金 dynasty physician, fl. mid-13th century. Style name Wenxiu 文秀, a man of Fu li 符离 in Su zhou 宿州, now Su xian 宿縣 in An hui 安徽. After the collapse of the Jin, he lived at Lian shui 漣水 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. He held various medical posts at court and was an expert in pediatrics, especially at treating skin problems in children. He wrote the Xiao er bing yuan fang lun 小兒病源方論, “Discourse on Recipes Treating the Origin of Diseases in Children,” and the Xiao er dou zhen fang lun 小兒痘疹方論, “Discourse on Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules in Children,” which LSZ convolutes under the title → Xiao er fang 小兒方 , referring to Chen as Chen Wenzhong [12] and Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen” [1]. Chen Wenzhong fang 陳文中方 → Xiao er fang 小兒方  Chen Wuze 陳無擇 → Chen Yan 陳言 Chen Xun 陳巽 (10th or 11th century) [3] Northern Song 宋 medical official. The → Shuo fu 説郛 records Lü Yijian 呂夷 簡 (978-1040) citing the words of a medical official called Chen Xun, so Chen must have lived during the 10th or at the beginning of the 11th century. His recipes were quoted in the → ZLBC, and later works refer to a → Chen Xun fang 陳巽方, cited by LSZ. The → TJBC, from which LSZ takes one citation, quotes a Chen Xunchu 陳巽處 rather than saying Chen Xun yan 陳巽言, “Chen Xun says,” as LSZ does. So yan 言 possibly being a slip of the pen for chu 處, Chen’s real name might have been Chen Xunchu instead of Chen Xun. The contemporary BCGM editor Liu Hengru 劉衡如 even suspects Xunchu 巽處 to be the style name or given name of → Chen Shiliang 陳士良. Chen Xun fang 陳巽方, “recipes of Chen Xun” Medical recipe book. Apparently written by → Chen Xun 陳巽. Cited as Chen Xun fang [1] and as Jing yan fang 經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes,” [1] by Chen Xun. Chen Xun yan 陳巽言 → Chen Xun 陳巽 Chen yan 陳言 (12th century) Southern Song 宋 medical expert. Style name Wuze 無擇, literary name Hexi daoren 鶴溪道人, “The Daoist of He xi,” a man of Qing tian 青田, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He was good at medical theory and at simplifying complex issues. Chen was the author of the San yin ji yi bing zheng fang lun 三因極一病證 方論, “Discourse on Diseases, Disease Signs, and Recipes Related to the Unifications of the Three Causes,” (→ San yin fang 三因方), extensively quoted by LSZ under various abbreviations. LSZ refers to Chen directly as Chen Yan [6], Chen Wuze 陳無擇 [3], or Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” [1].

72 Chen yanhe 陳彥和 [1] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. While → Liu Qi 劉跂 merely records the application of a recipe by Chen Yanhe in his → Xiao ri ji 暇日記, LSZ mistakenly assigns this work to Chen himself. Chen yanzhi 陳延之 [16] Jin 晉 dynasty physician. Further details of his life are unavailable. Author of the → Xiao pin fang 小品方, which during Tang 唐 times was considered one of the most important early medical books, equal to the works of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景. Chen yifu 陳宜父 [1] Northern Song 宋 official. A man of Shu zhou 舒州, now in the south of Teng xian 滕縣 in Shan dong 山東. Served as a Grand Master for Court Discussion (chao yi dai fu 朝議大夫). According to the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編 quoted in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he once cured → Wang Huanzhi 王渙之 from intestinal bleeding. LSZ cites this in SE bai 柏. Chen yingzhi 陳應之 (11th century) Northern Song 宋 physician, served at a local post in Hua liang 華亭 county in Xiu zhou 秀州, now part of Shang hai 上海. Renowned for his medical skills, he was appointed to a position at the Imperial Medical Bureau (tai yi ju 太醫局) in 1076. At one time he used a recipe with wu mei 烏梅 to cure → Zeng Lu gong 曾魯公 and Liang Zhuangsu gong 梁庄肅公 from “free-flux illness with blood” (li xue 痢血). The → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方 and the Sun gong tan pu 孫公 談圃, “Repository of Conversations with the Honorable Mr. Sun” (→ Sun Sheng tan pu 孫昇談圃) record this event, but LSZ erroneously refers the same material to the → Yi shuo 醫説. He refers to Chen as Chen Yingzhi [1] and as Yingzhi 應之 [1] in SE mei 梅. Chen yu 陳輿 [1] Southern Song 宋 medical official. The → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆 relates his advice to use pork liver when building a brick stove, and LSZ takes this over in SE fu long gan 伏龍肝. Chen yuanliang 陳元靚 (fl. 1225-1265) [1] Southern Song 宋 writer. A man of Chong an 崇安 in Fu jian 福建. Author of the → Shi lin guang ji 事林廣記 and a Sui shi guang ji 歲時廣記, “Extensive Records of the Four Seasons.” LSZ knew and cited the former work, but the → Sui shi guang ji 歲時廣記 that he quotes is not the one that Chen wrote. Chen yutian 陳玉田 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. When his wife suffered from a lesion caused by the poison of a tian she 天蛇 snake, he cured it with a bandage from the skin of a shui she 水蛇 snake. LSZ cites this story from the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽 堂經驗方 in SE shui she 水蛇. Chen Zhengjie 陳正節 (died 1259) [1] This is Chen Yuangui 陳元桂, a Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Huafu 華 甫, posthumous name Zhengjie 正節, “Upright and Moral.” A man of Lin chuan

73 臨川 in Fu zhou 撫州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi. He served in various court positions but died in a military campaign to beat back Mongol troops. The → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要 cites something he said, and LSZ takes this over in SE sha cao 莎草. Chen Zhengmin 陳正敏 [3] Northern Song 宋 author, fl. early 12th century. Literary name Dunweng 遁翁, “Secluded Old Man,” a man of Yan ping 延平 in present-day Fu jian 福建. Author of the → Dun zhai xian lan 遯齋閑覽 and a Jian xi ye yu 劍溪野語, “Rustic Conversations from Jian xi.” Chen Zhi 陳直 [3] Northern Song 宋 official, fl. 2nd half of the 11th century. He held a minor national and a local office in Xing hua 興化 in Tai zhou 泰州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. Author of the Shou qin yang lao shu 壽親養老書, “Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly” (→ Feng qin yang lao shu 奉 親養老書). Chen zhi hui 陳指揮, “Commander Chen” [1] Early Ming 明 military official, fl. 14th century. Personal name unknown. His “recipe for pin-illness sores” (ding chuang fang 疔瘡方) was listed in the → Xiu zhen fang 袖珍方 and taken over by LSZ in SE bai zhi 白芷. Chen Zhizhai 陳止齋 (1137-1203) [2] This is the literary name of Chen Fuliang 陳傅良, a Southern Song official and scholar. Style name Junju 君舉, a man of Rui an 瑞安 in Wen zhou 溫州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1172 and held various court posts. Chen apparently was good at teaching and had many disciples. In his old age he retired and named his residence Zhi zhai 止齋, “Study to Stop at,” and was therefore called Zhizhai xiansheng 止齋先生, “Gentleman from the Study to Stop at.” He wrote numerous books, and his writings are collected in the Zhizhai ji 止齋集, “Collection of [Chen] Zhizhai,” which LSZ cites as → Chen Zhizhai ji 陳止齋集. Chen Zhizhai ji 陳止齋集, “Collection of Chen Zhizhai” This is LSZ’s name for the Zhizhai ji 止齋集, “Collection of [Chen] Zhizhai,” a Southern Song 宋 literary collection of material by Chen Fuliang 陳傅良 (→ Chen Zhizhai 陳止齋). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Zhizhai wen ji 止齋文集, “Literary Collection of [Chen] Zhizhai.” Compiled by Chen Liangfu’s disciple Chen Shuyuan 陳叔遠. 52 juan, consisting of 9 juan of poetry, 42 juan of prose, and a one juan appendix. LSZ lists the collection as Chen Zhizhai ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite a text called Dao lan shuo 盗蘭説, “Elucidations of the One Who Stole the Orchid,” [1], which can be found in juan 52 of the Chen Zhizhai ji under the name Ze dao lan shuo 責盗蘭説, “Elucidations of the One Responsible for Stealing the Orchid.”

74 Chen zhou zuo shi 郴州左史, “Left Scribe of Chen zhou” [1] Title of a Tang 唐 dynasty official. According to the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), he developed a disease and transformed into a tiger during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian 武則天 (→ Wu hou 武候, r. 689-704). LSZ takes this over in SE ren gui 人傀 but changes the original title zuo shi 佐史, “Accessory Clerk,” into zuo shi 左史. Chen Zhu 陳翥 (982-1061) Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. Style name Fengxiang 風翔 and Zixiang 子翔, literary name Xuzhai 虛齋, “Empty Study.” A man of Tong ling 銅陵 in Chi zhou 池州, now Tong ling in An hui 安徽. Unable to attain a government position all his life, he devoted considerable effort to research on the tong 桐 tree. Author of the → Tong pu 桐譜. Chen Zi 陳孜 Probably Jin 晉 period Daoist. According to the → Liu Gen bie zhuan 劉根別 傳, he taught → Yuan Zhongyang 袁仲陽 to ingest date seeds to cure a severe disease. LSZ cites this story in SE zao 棗, referring to Chen as Chen Zi [1] and as Zi 孜 [1]. Chen Zi’ang 陳子昂 (659-700) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar. Style name Boyu 伯玉, a man of She hong 射洪 in Zi zhou 梓州, now part of Si chuan 四川. He passed the jin shi examinations in 681, held a court appointment, and in 686 accompanied → Qiao gong 喬公 and the army to fight the Khitan. He was noted for his characteristic style of poetry and is regarded as one of the pioneers of Tang poetry in general. His works are collected in the Chen Boyu ji 陳伯玉集, “Collection of Chen Boyu,” quoted by LSZ as → Chen Zi’ang ji 陳子昂集. Chen Zi’ang ji 陳子昂集, “Collection of Chen Zi’ang” Collected works of the poet→ Chen Zi’ang 陳子昂. AN Chen Boyu ji 陳伯玉集, “Collection of Chen Boyu,” Chen shi yi ji 陳拾遺集, “Collection of Chen’s Supplementary Amplifications.” LSZ lists the Chen Zi’ang ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite the → Guan yu pian 觀玉篇 [1] associated with Chen’s 686 campaign, taking his material from the → ZLBC. Chen Zihuang 陳子皇 [1] Name of a divine immortal. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, quoting the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 and the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳, states that he was a man of Ji yin 濟陰, now Ding tao 定陶 in Shan dong 山東. When his wife (→ Jiang shi 姜氏) suffered from a disease, she is said to have cured herself by ingesting atractylodes. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 术. Chen Ziming 陳自明 (c. 1190-1270) [19] Southern Song 宋 physician. Style name Liangfu 良父 (AV Liangfu 良甫), a man of Lin chuan 臨川, now Fu zhou 撫州 in Jiang xi 江西. Chen came from a family of hereditary physicians and held a local medical post. He wrote the Fu ren da quan liang fang 婦人大全良方, “Good Recipes from the Great Compen-

75 dium on Women’s Medicine,” (→ Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方) and the → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要. LSZ refers to him as Chen Ziming [19] and as Chen Liangfu 陳良甫 [1]. Chen Zizhen 陳子真 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty person. According to the → Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志, he ingested bian fu 蝙蝠 which caused him massive diarrhea and resulted in his death. LSZ cites this in SE fu yi 伏翼. Chen zong ling 陳總領 → Chen Rihua 陳日華 Cheng 承 → Chen Cheng 陳承 Cheng 澄 → Chu Cheng 褚澄 Cheng Chong 程充 [1] Ming 明 dynasty Confucian scholar with an interest in medicine. Style name Yongguang 用光, literary name Fu’an jushi 復庵居士, “Retired Scholar Returning to his Hut.” A man of Cha kou 叉口 in Xiu ning 休寧, now part of An hui 安徽. Cheng produced a revised edition of the → Dan xi xin fa 丹溪心法 of → Yang Xun 楊珣 in 1481, which has circulated widely until the present day. Cheng Gongsui 成公綏 (223-265) [1] Jin 晉 dynasty poet. Style name Zi’an 子安, a man of Bai ma 白馬 in Dong jun 東郡, now Hua xian 滑縣 in He nan 河南. He was made a court academician because of his literary talents and later advanced to the office of Secretariat Court Gentleman (zhong shu lang 中書郎). LSZ cites his → Yun xiang fu 芸香 賦 in SE shan fan 山礬. Cheng Huqing 程虎卿 Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Lin chuan 臨川, now Fu zhou 撫州 in Jiang xi 江西, worked as a tutor in a family school. According to the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, his wife once suffered from “dryness in the long-term depots” (zang zao 臟燥) and was cured by → Guan Botong 管伯同. LSZ cites this in SE zao 棗, referring to Cheng as Cheng Huqing [1] and as Huqing 虎卿 [1]. Cheng Na 成納 → Cheng Ne 成訥 Cheng Ne 成訥 Late Tang 唐, Five Dynasties period person, this estimate of his life dates is based on the name of the official post he held as Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) of Jiang ling 江陵 prefecture. The → ZLBC records a “recipe for pills with xi xian” (xi xian wan fang 豨薟丸方) associated with Cheng that his younger brother → Yan 訮 had obtained from a Daoist named → Zhong Zhen 鐘針 and that proved effective for “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中風). LSZ erroneously cites a → Jin xi xian wan biao 進豨薟丸表 of Cheng’s and incorrectly writes his name Cheng Na 成納 [1]. Elsewhere in SE xi xian 豨薟, he refers to him correctly as Cheng Ne [1]. Cheng Shasui 程沙隨 [1] This is the nickname of Cheng Jiong 程迥, an early Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Kejiu 可久, a man of Ying tian fu 應天府 in Ning ling 寧陵, now

76 Ning ling county in He nan 河南. His family home was in Sha sui 沙隨 in the northwest of Ning ling county, hence he was called Shasui xiansheng 沙隨先生, “Gentleman of Sha sui,” or Cheng Shasui. After the disorders of the jing kang 靖康 reign period (1125-1127), he moved to Yu yao 余姚 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi 1163. He served in various local posts until he was made Gentleman for Court Service (chao feng lang 朝奉郎). He loved to study classical texts and history and was a proliferous writer. One of his books was the Yi jing zheng ben shu 醫經正本書, “Book on the Orthodox Foundations of the Medical Classics.” LSZ, citing the → Juan you lu 倦游錄, states that Cheng was transmitted a recipe to treat hernia by → Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒. However, the Juan you lu is a Northern Song book, and it cannot have recorded events from the Southern Song. Instead, LSZ probably took his material in SE yi yi 薏苡 from the Southern Song → You huan ji wen 游宦紀聞. Cheng shi 成氏 → Cheng Wuji 成無己 Cheng shi 程氏 → Cheng zi 程子 Cheng shi yi shu 程氏遺書, “The Posthumous Works of the Cheng [Brothers]” Northern Song 宋 book. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN He nan Cheng shi yi shu 河南程氏遺 書, “The Posthumous Works of [the Brothers] Cheng from He nan”. Written by Li Yu 李籲, Lü Dalin 呂大臨, and other disciples of Cheng Hao 程顥 and Cheng Yi 程頤 (→ Cheng zi 程子). 25 juan, plus a one juan appendix and 12 juan of outer writings (wai shu 外書). The book records conversations with the Cheng brothers and their various essays. It was included later into the Er Cheng quan shu 二程全書, “The Complete Writings of the Two Cheng [Brothers].” LSZ cites the book as Cheng shi yi shu [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. There he also refers to it as Cheng zi yi shu 程子遺書, “The Posthumous Works of the Cheng Masters,” [1] or simply to the Cheng zi 程子, “Masters Cheng,” [1]. However, the material on canine kidney stones and gallstones (gou bao 狗寳 and pi shi 癖石) quoted as from the Cheng shi yi shu or Cheng zi yi shu is actually not from this book but from the Qianxi wen ji 潛溪文集, “Literary Collection of [Song] Qianxi,” (→ Qianxi ji 潛溪集) of → Song Lian 宋濂. Cheng Tang 成湯, “Tang the Perfect” (17th century BCE) [1] This is Tang 湯, founder of the Shang 商 dynasty (17th to 11th century BCE). Personal name Fu 履. Originally a chief of the Shang tribe, his power increased until eventually he is said to have overthrown the Xia 夏 dynasty to found the Shang. LSZ mentions him in SE ji 稷. Cheng Wuji 成無己 (c. 1066-1156?) Jin 金 dynasty physician. A man of Liao she 聊攝 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Born into a family of scholar-physicians, he became a specialist in “harm caused by cold” (shang han 傷寒) disorders. He provided notes and commentaries for the then current version of the → Shang han lun 傷寒論  of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, thus creating the Zhu jie shang han lun 注解傷寒論, “The Shang han lun, Annotated and Explained,” (DC 1144). Based upon the theories of

77 the Huang di nei jing 黃帝内經, “Inner Classic of the Yellow Thearch,” he tried to explain the principles of Zhang Zhongjing’s pattern differentiation, recipes, and drug application. Cheng also wrote a → Shang han ming li lun 傷寒明理論, published in 1142, in which he elucidates diagnosis and treatment of shang han disorders. LSZ extensively quotes Cheng’s notes to the Shang han lun and also his Shang han ming li lun, referring to him as Cheng Wuji [44] and as Cheng shi 成氏, “Mr. Cheng” [3]. Cheng Xian 乘閒 [1] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty, details unknown. He is attributed a → Ji xiao fang 集效方 . Cheng Xian fang 乘閒方 → Ji xiao fang 集效方  Cheng Zhou zuo Wu 程周佐吳, “[Mr.] Cheng and [Mr.] Zhou assist Wu” [1] Historical event. Cheng is Cheng Pu 程普, the famous general of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhou is Zhou Yu 周瑜, whom Cheng, being the older one, made fun of because of his young age. Zhou, however, took his remarks stoically and Cheng came to respect him later. Together they greatly assisted the kingdom of Wu. Cheng zi 程子, “Masters Cheng” These are the Northern Song 宋 philosophers and brothers Cheng Hao 程顥 (1032-1085) and Cheng Yi 程頤 (1033-1107), known collectively as the Er Cheng 二程, “The Two Cheng [Brothers],” pioneers of Neo-Confucian thought. LSZ refers to them as Cheng zi [2] and within the title of the → Cheng shi yi shu 程 氏遺書 as Cheng shi 程氏, “The Cheng Gentlemen,” [2]. The passage on hail referred to Cheng zi can be found in the Cheng shi yi shu and other books related to the brothers, but the material on canine kidney stones and gallstones (gou bao 狗寳 and pi shi 癖石) is taken from the Qianxi wen ji 潛溪文集, “Literary Collection of [Song] Qianxi,” (→ Qianxi ji 潛溪集) of → Song Lian 宋濂 rather than the Cheng works. Cheng zi yi shu 程子遺書 → Cheng shi yi shu 程氏遺書 Chengliang 承亮 → Ren Chengliang 任承亮 Chengtian daoshi 承天道士, “The daoist Master Who received Heaven” [1] Northern Song 宋 or pre-Song Daoist master. The → Fang zhen bian nian lu 方 鎮編年錄 records that he was familiar with the longevity drug di zhi 地脂. LSZ cites this in SE shi sui 石髓. Chengzhai 誠齋 → Zhou Xian wang 周憲王 Chengzhai ji 誠齋集, “Collection of [yang] Chengzhai” Literary collection of → Yang Wanli 楊萬里. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄 解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” Compiled by the author’s son, Changru 長孺. 133 juan. It is comprised of shi 詩 and fu 賦 poetry, prose, etc. There are Song 宋 and Ming 明 editions. LSZ lists the book as Chengzhai ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly

78 in the main text. He does, however, cite verses from Yang’s poetry there, referring to Yang Wanli [1] or, using the author’s literary name, to Yang Chengzhai 楊誠齋 [3]. Chi ba shi 赤犮氏, “Gentleman [in Charge of ] removing [Bugs]” Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of eliminating “fox bugs” (li chong 狸蟲) from the walls and warding off gu 蠱 poison. The character ba 犮 is sometimes erroneously written fu 祓, therefore LSZ refers to this office as Chi ba shi [1] and Chi fu shi 赤祓氏, “Gentleman [in Charge of ] Rituals to Ward Off Calamities,” [1]. Chi fu shi 赤祓氏 → Chi ba shi 赤犮氏 Chi shi 翨氏, “Gentleman of Wings” [1] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of fighting off ferocious birds. LSZ mentions this in SE chi xiu 鴟鵂. Chi you 蚩尤 [1] Mythological chieftain of the nine Li 黎 tribes in the East, killed by the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ). His story is related in the → Xuanyuan ben ji 軒轅本紀 of → Wang Guan 王瓘 and cited second hand by LSZ in SE feng xiang zhi 楓香脂. Chifu 赤斧 Immortal from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period, sometimes surnamed Liu 劉. A man of Ba rong 巴戎. Legend has it that by taking longevity elixirs Chi Fu reversed the natural aging process, resembling a young boy with red hair. He is said to have climbed Hua shan 華山 to gather yu yu liang 禹餘糧 as food. The → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 has his biography. Chijiao Zhang 赤腳張, “Barefoot Zhang” [1] Legendary stranger of Ming 明 times. The → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽 堂經驗方 (DC 1542-1545) lists a recipe for pills with di xian 地仙 transmitted by him, and LSZ takes this over in SE gou qi 枸杞. Chisong xiansheng 赤松先生 → Chi song zi 赤松子 Chisong zi 赤松子, “The red Pine Master” Ancient mythological immortal. Legend has it that he was a rain god during the time of → Shen nong 神農 , others made him the teacher of Emperor Ku 嚳, and in later times he was seen as a follower of religious Daoism. Stories about him are found in Daoist sources such as the → Baopu zi 抱扑子  or the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, and it was the → Xu qi xie ji 續齊諧記 that referred to Chisong zi as Chisong xiansheng 赤松先生, “Red Pine Gentleman.” LSZ cites these legends second hand, referring to the immortal as Chisong zi [3] and Chisong xiansheng [1]. Chong zhu 重注 → Shu ben cao 蜀本草 Chonghe xiansheng 沖和先生 → Jiang Fu 姜撫

79 Chou chanshi 稠禪師, “Zen Master Chou” [2] Sui 隋 dynasty eminent Buddhist monk. Details about his life are unavailable. He was able to prepare drinks of five different colors. Among them, a greenish drink made from fu fang teng 扶芳藤, and a yellow drink made from jiang mang 茳芒 were presented to → Sui Yang di 隋煬帝. Chu Cheng 褚澄 (died 499) Southern Qi 齊 dynasty high official and medical expert. Style name Yandao 彥道, a man of Yang zhai 陽翟, now Yu xian 禹縣 in He nan 河南. Chu held various high court positions, and LSZ occasionally refers to him in connection with these posts. The → Nan shi 南史 and the → Nan Qi shu 南齊書 contain his biography, which records some of his deeds as a physician. He was the author of a Za yao fang 雜藥方, “Miscellaneous Medicinal Recipes.” The presently circulating → Chu shi yi shu 褚氏遺書 is said to have been recovered by Xiao Yuan 蕭淵 of Later Tang 唐 in 935 after grave robbers excavated it from a coffin with the name of Chu Cheng on it. It is therefore attributed to Chu, but research has shown that the book is probably a counterfeit text by an author proficient in the medical theories of the Southern Song. LSZ refers to him as Chu Cheng [8], Cheng 澄 [1], and as Chu shi 褚氏, “Mr. Chu,” [5]. Chu Cheng yi shu 褚澄遺書 → Chu shi yi shu 褚氏遺書 Chu ci 楚辭, “Elegies of Chu” Western Han 漢 anthology of southern poetry, compiled by → Liu Xiang 劉 向. Commentated version, the Chu ci zhang ju 楚辭章句, “Chapter and Verse Commentary to the Chu ci,” by → Wang Yi 王逸 of Eastern Han. Originally, the collection consisted of 16 sections and contained the poetry of the Warring States poets → Qu Yuan 屈原 and Song Yu 宋玉 from the state of Chu 楚, along with texts of various Han writers like → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔 or Liu Xiang himself. Wang Yi added his own Jiu si 九思, “Nine Thoughts,” to make a 17th section. Still, the works of Qu Yuan remain the focus of the anthology, and all the other authors follow his poetry style in some way or the other. The Chu ci derives its name from the strong regional nature it conveys, that is, its literary style and verses in local dialect, the local conditions and products it describes, etc. Since the collection also contains Qu Yuan’s most famous poem, the Li sao 離騷, “Woes of Departure,” it is sometimes called the Sao ti 騷體, “[Poems in] Li sao Style.” Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子) wrote a commentary on the Li sao, the → Li sao bian zheng 離騷辨證, and the → ZLBC frequently quotes the anthology. LSZ cites the work as Chu ci 楚辭 [11] and incorrectly as Chu ci 楚詞, “Lyrics of Chu,” [2]. He also refers to individual sections of the work, that is, the Li sao [10], the → Jiu ge 九歌 [1], the → Da zhao 大招 [2], the Chu sao 楚騷, “Woes of Chu,” [1], and erroneously to the Li sao da zhao 離騷大招, “The Woes of Departure and the Great Summons,” [1], which is actually the Da zhao. Annotations are referred to as Li sao zhu 離騷注, “Annotations to the Li sao,” [1], Wang Yi zhu 王逸注, “Annotations of Wang Yi,” [2], or Wang Yi zhu Chu ci 王逸注楚辭, “Wang Yi’s Annotations to the Chu ci,” [1]. Among the Li sao quotations there is also material that is actually from another section of the Chu ci, the Zhao hun

80 招魂, “Summoning the Hun Soul,” and material from this section is also cited as → Xiao zhao 小招 [1]. Chu ci 楚詞 → Chu ci 楚辭 Chu guo xian xian zhuan 楚國先賢傳, “records of Former Worthy Persons from the State of Chu” [2] Lost Jin 晉 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Possibly written by Zhang Fang 張方. The Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness,” also mentions another Chu guo xian xian zhuan of uncertain date by a Zou Hongfu 鄒閎甫. Fragments are found in the → Shuo fu 説郛, in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the title in his bibliographical sections and in the main text. The material quoted there, however, is not found among the Chu guo xian xian zhuan fragments attributed to Zhang Fang in the Shuo fu. The Tai ping yu lan lists two books called Chu guo xian xian zhuan, one written by Zhang Fang and one by an anonymous author. LSZ apparently quoted second hand from the Tai ping yu lan, but it remains unclear which Chu guo xian xian zhuan his material came from. Chu Hui wang 楚惠王 (died 432 BCE) Spring and Autumn/Warring States period ruler of the state of Chu 楚, r. 488432 BCE. LSZ retells a story about him accidentally swallowing leeches with his pickled vegetables. LSZ refers to him as Chu Hui wang [1] and as Chu wang 楚 王, “King of Chu,” [3] in SE shui zhi 水蛭. Chu ji shi 楮記室, “The room of Mulberry records” [2] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Pan Xun 潘塤. The Xu ming yi lei an 續名醫類案, “Sequel to the Categorized Case Studies of Famous Physicians,” quotes a passage from the Chu ji shi describing an event that took place in 1547, so the book must have been written after that. 15 juan. The book is divided into three sections, i.e., Heaven, Earth and Man. It collects material of earlier authors, including medical case studies of these authors or their families. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but all BCGM editions later than the Jin ling 金陵 edition erroneously render the name Chu ji shi 褚記室, “The Room of Silk Cloth Records,” [1] in SE fu ren yue shui 婦人月水. A recipe quoted from a → Pan shi fang 潘氏方 [1] may be from this text as well. Chu ji shi 褚記室 → Chu ji shi 楮記室 Chu qian cao shi 除䕭草詩, “Poem about Getting rid of the Qian-Weed” This is LSZ’s name for the Chu cao 除草, “On Getting Rid of Weeds,” a Tang 唐 dynasty poem written by → Du Fu 杜甫 (style name Zimei 子美). The text is preserved in the Du gong bu ji 杜工部集, “Collection of [Mr.] Du from the Ministry of Works,” (→ Du Zimei ji 杜子美集), and the original note of Du himself explains that the weed spoken about is qian cao 蕁草, a thorny plant that produces swelling when it touches the skin. LSZ writes the herb’s name qian cao 䕭草 and refers the poem to Du Zimei 杜子美 in SE qian ma 蕁麻.

81 Chu sao 楚騷 → Chu ci 楚辭 Chu shi 褚氏 → Chu Cheng 褚澄 Chu shi xi yu ji 出使西域記 → Xi shi ji 西使記 Chu shi yi shu 褚氏遺書, “The Posthumous Works of Mr. Chu” Medical theory book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Traditionally attributed to → Chu Cheng 褚 澄 of Southern Qi 齊, but textual research has shown that the work is actually a counterfeit text written by a Southern Song 宋 author proficient in medical theory. 1 juan. The book discusses physiology, the differentiation of disease causes, instructions for protecting one’s health, and the treatment of various diseases. The differentiation between healthcare for widows and nuns on the one hand and for wives and concubines on the other is a topic not discussed in medical literature before. LSZ cites material from the book, referring to it as Chu shi yi shu [1], as Chu Cheng yi shu 褚澄遺書, “Posthumous Works of Chu Cheng,” [1], or simply as Chu shi 褚氏, “Mr. Chu,” [4]. In addition LSZ refers several fragments to the assumed author Chu Cheng [7], taking some of this material from the Chu shi yi shu and some from Chu’s biography in the → Nan shi 南史. A fragment on perilla (su 蘇) that LSZ attributes to the → Nan Qi shu 南齊書 is actually from the Nan shi as well. Chu wang 楚王, “The King of Chu” Rulers of the state of Chu 楚 during the Spring and Autumn/Warring States periods.  [3] In connection with swallowing leeches (shui zhi 水蛭), this is → Chu Hui wang 楚惠王.

 [5] In connection with a story about the king crossing the Yang zi river to obtain ping 萍 fruit, the reference is to Chu Zhao wang 楚昭王 (died 489 BCE), r. 515-489 BCE. Chu Wenzi 楚文子 [1] Warring States period person. → Ge Hong 葛洪 in his → Baopu zi 抱朴子  states that Chu ingested rehmannia root for eight years, and LSZ takes this over in SE di huang 地黃. Chu xiansheng 褚先生, “Gentleman Chu” [1] This is Chu Shaosun 褚少孫, a Western Han 漢 historiographer. A man of Ying chuan 潁川, now Yu xian 禹縣 in He nan 河南. He was an Erudite (bo shi 博 士) during the reigns of the emperors Yuan di 元帝 (r. 49-33 BCE) and → Han Cheng di 漢成帝 (r. 33-7 BCE), AV during the reign of → Han Xuan di 漢宣 帝 (r. 74-49 BCE). He supplemented various chapters of the → Shi ji 史記, e.g., the Gui ce zhuan 龜策傳, “Biographies of Diviners.” Hence, later texts frequently refer to Chu xiansheng when citing material from the Gui ce zhuan. LSZ mentions him in SE shi 蓍.

82 Chu xue ji 初學記, “records of Initial Study” [3] Tang 唐 dynasty encyclopedia. Compiled on imperial order by → Xu Jian 徐 堅 and others. DC 713-741. 30 juan. The book selected material from the classics, from various schools of thought, earlier shi 詩 and fu 賦 poetry, and works by early Tang writers. It is organized similarly to the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類 聚 and preserves many fragments of otherwise lost texts, but its material is not quite as rich. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, although when citing a story about → Bei Qi Cui shi 北齊崔氏, this material bears no connection either to the Chu xue ji or to any work of → Ouyang Xun 歐陽詢, to whom the Chu xue ji is attributed in this place. Instead, the material can be found in the → Sui shi guang ji 歲時廣記 (citing the Shi lüe 史略, “Brief History,” of → Yu Shinan 虞世南), the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. Chu yong 儲詠 → Chu Yong 儲泳 Chu yong 儲泳 (c. 1101-1165) Southern Song 宋 author of the → Qu yi shuo 祛疑説. Style name Wenqing 文 卿, literary name Huagu 華谷, “Flowery Valley,” a man of Hua ting 華亭, now Song jiang 松江 near Shang hai 上海. Chu Yong was skilled at fortune-telling and at intoning texts. It is said that he wrote the Qu yi shuo in order to differentiate the genuine from the bogus in these fields of expertise. LSZ erroneously writes his name Chu Yong 儲詠 [1]. Chu yushi 初虞世 [19] Northern Song 宋 physician, fl. 2nd half of the 11th century. Style name Hepu 和甫, further details about his life are unavailable. Chu was the author of the → Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方 and lived as a monk in his old age. Apart from the Yang sheng bi yong fang, LSZ incorrectly assigned the → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方 of → Zhen Liyan 甄立言 to Chu, so the quotations assigned to Chu Yushi’s name might be from either book. In addition, LSZ incorrectly cites a → Bi xiao fang 必效方 of Chu Yushi, but it is impossible that Chu was the author of the material LSZ is citing. LSZ was obviously mixing the title up with the abbreviation → Bi yong fang 必用方 for the Yang sheng bi yong fang. Chu zhou Wu yi 處州吳醫, “Physician Wu of Chu zhou” [1] Unidentifiable physician called Wu 吳 who cured a woman from the household of → Yang Sicheng 楊寺丞 from “bone steaming” (gu zheng 骨蒸). Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方, “Secret and Precious recipes, Transmitted within the Family” Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Sun Yonghe 孫用和. AN Chuan jia mi bao mai zheng kou jue bing fang 傳家秘寶脈 證口訣并方, “Secret and Precious Recipes and Rhymed Instructions on Vessel [Movements] and Disease Signs, Transmitted within the Family.” Printed 1085. 5 juan (AV 3 or 10 juan). Fragments survive in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ takes his citations. He refers to the book as Chuan jia mi bao fang [2], as Mi bao

83 fang 秘寶方, “Secret and Precious Recipes,” [17], as Sun shang yao fang 孫尚藥方, “Recipes of Sun from the Pharmaceutical Bureau,” [2], as Sun Yonghe fang 孫用 和方, “Recipes of Sun Yonghe,” [1], and erroneously as Jia chuan mi bao fang 家傳 秘寶方, “Secret and Precious Recipes, Transmitted within the Family.” LSZ frequently labels the abbreviation Mi bao fang with one of the author’s names, but occasionally mistakenly refers the work to → Sun Zhenzong 孫貞宗 (apparently an erroneous name for Sun Yonghe) or → Sun Zhao 孫兆, Sun Yonghe’s son. There is also a → Kou jue 口訣 by Sun Zhao cited by LSZ, which some consider an abbreviation for Chuan jia mi bao mai zheng kou jue bing fang. Chuan xin 傳信 → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 Chuan xin fang 傳信方, “recipes Transmitted with Verification” Medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. DC 818. 2 juan. The author collected what he perceived of as simple and effective recipes and coupled these with the names of the individuals who had applied these recipes successfully, thus providing a verification (xin 信) for each transmitted (chuan 傳) recipe. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → ZLBC, the → TJBC, and other sources. LSZ cites the book second hand from the ZLBC as Chuan xin fang [36] and as Chuan xin 傳信, “Transmitted with Verification,” [1], mostly labeling his quotations with the author’s names Liu Yuxi [33] or Liu Mengde 劉夢得 [3]. One citation of a → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信 方 by Liu Yuxi in SE mi la 蜜蠟 is actually an erroneous reference to the Chuan xin fang as well. Chuan xin fang 傳心方, “Transmitted Core recipes” Lost, anonymous recipe book. EE → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. DC probably Southern Song 宋 or before. Recipes are quoted in the Fu ren liang fang, from which LSZ takes his citation in the main text, incorrectly referring to the text as Xin chuan fang 心傳方, “Recipes Transmitted Personally,” [1]. Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適用方, “Suitable recipes, Transmitted with Verification” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” AN Chuan dao shi yong fang 傳道適用方, “Suitable Recipes, Transmitting the Dao.” Written by Wu Yankui 吳彥夔. DC 1180. 2 juan. The text lists classic recipes with indications of their specific origins in each case, thus providing a verification (xin 信) for each transmitted (chuan 傳) recipe. The book survives but was extremely rare. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 quotes from it a great deal. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without providing the name of the author. He refers to the book as Chuan xin shi yong fang [8], as Chuan xin shi yong miao fang 傳信适用妙方, “Suitable, Miraculous Recipes, Transmitted with Verification,” [1], and as Shi yong fang 适用方, “Suitable Recipes,” apparently having taken all these citations from the Pu ji fang. Author Wu Yankui was a physician of the Southern Song dynasty. Literary name Zhuo’an 拙庵, “My Hut.” Further details about his life are unavailable.

84 Chuan xin shi yong miao fang 傳信适用妙方 → Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適  用方 Chuang ke xin yao 瘡科心要, “Core Essentials of the [Medical] discipline [Concerned with] Sores” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty book on external medicine. EE → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義. Written by → Guo Wen 郭文. 2 juan. The book is a record of treatment strategies of external medicine and of the therapeutic results achieved by the author. → Liu Chun 劉純 apparently employed Guo’s methods, and → Li Xun 李迅 claimed to have achieved extraordinary results with them. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in the Yu ji wei yi. LSZ cites it in SE da ma 大麻. Chun qiu 春秋, “Spring and autumn annals” The term Chun qiu frequently occurs in the BCGM. Apart from representing a literary source, it might also designate a variety of other things.  [1] Confucian classic. A chronicle of the state of Lu 魯, covering the period 722 to 481 BC, China’s earliest historical record. Attributed to Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子) himself, but this is to be doubted. LSZ mentions the original Chun qiu in the → Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象 entry in his bibliographical sections but otherwise uses commentaries based upon the text as a source.  Spring and Autumn reign period (770-476 BC)  Rhetorical term designating the four seasons

 Spring and autumn as individual seasons Chun qiu kao yi you 春秋考異郵, “Investigating Extraordinary Errors in the Spring and autumn annals” [2] Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . Fragments are quoted in the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, the → Shuo fu 説郛, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other works. LSZ cites the Chun qiu kao yi you in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The material he quotes can be found in the Tai ping yu lan and other books. Chun qiu qian tan ba 春秋潛潭巴, “diving into the deep Pools of Ba in the Spring and autumn annals” [1] Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . Fragments are quoted in the → Shuo fu 説郛, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but quotes a fragment in the main text. The material he quotes can be found in the Tai ping yu lan and other books. Chun qiu ti ci 春秋題辭, “Summary and Evaluation of the Spring and autumn annals” [2] Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . LSZ cites the book in his bibli-

85 ographical sections and the main text, using material from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Chun qiu yuan ming bao 春秋元命包, “The Embracement of the Original Mandate in the Spring and autumn annals” [2] Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . AN Chun qiu yuan ming bao 春秋 元命苞, “The Bud of the Original Mandate in the Spring and Autumn Annals.” Fragments are quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, using material from the Tai ping yu lan. Chun qiu yun dou shu 春秋運斗樞, “The Big dipper’s Pivot of Movement in the Spring and autumn annals” Lost Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of several such texts associated with the → Chun qiu 春秋 . Fragments are quoted in the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book second hand as Chun qiu yun dou shu [7] and as Yun dou shu 運斗樞, “The Big Dipper’s Pivot of Movement,” in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his quotations from various ancient sources. Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu 春秋左傳注疏, “annotations and Commentary to the Spring and autumn annals and the Zuo zhuan” [1] Commentary on the → Zuo zhuan 左傳. AN Chun qiu Zuo shi jing zhuan ji jie 春秋左氏經傳集解, “Collected Explanations of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Classical Tradition of Mr. Zuo.” The extant version names → Du Yu 杜預 of Western Jin 晉 as the annotator and the Tang 唐 scholars Lu Deming 陸德明 and → Kong Yingda 孔穎達 as commentators. LSZ lists the book as Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu [1] in his bibliographical sections only, attributing it to Du Yu alone. In the main text, he refers to the work using the author’s name only [1], and when citing a Zuo zhuan zhu 左傳注, “Annotations to the Zuo zhuan,” [2] with or without Du Yu’s name, this is most probably also a reference to this text. Chun zhu ji wen 春渚紀聞, “records of Things Heard on the Spring Islets” [3] Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Sui chu tang shu mu 遂初堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Entering Seclusion,” Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” Written by → He Yuan 何薳. DC 1st half of the 12th century. 10 juan, comprising 5 juan of miscellaneous records, 1 juan of facts on Su Dongpo 蘇東坡 (→ Su Shi 蘇軾), 1 juan of biographical sketches on the basis of shi 詩 and ci 詞 poetry, 1 juan on the qin 琴 and ink, 1 juan on inkstones, and 1 juan on alchemical medicinals (dan yao 丹藥). The text records extraordinary stories about Daoist immortals, folk legends, alchemical medicinals, poetry, and social and governmental affairs. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text but erroneously writes the author’s name He Yuan 何遠.

86 Chunyu Kun 淳於髡 [1] Warring States period official from the state of Qi 齊, who apparently possessed encyclopedic knowledge as well as outstanding rhetoric abilities. His knowledge was said to be like a spring that never ran dry, or like fat in a carriage axle that was never used up. LSZ mentions him in SE che zhi 車脂. Chunyu yi 淳於意 (215-? BC) [4] Famous physician of the early Western Han 漢 dynasty. A man of Lin zi 臨菑 in the state of Qi 齊, now Lin zi in Shan dong 山東. At one stage of his life he held office as Head of the Imperial Granary (tai cang zhang 太倉長) in the princely state of Qi, thus people called him Tai cang gong 太倉公, “Lord of the Imperial Granaries,” or Cang gong 倉公, “Lord of the Granaries.” The → Shi ji 史記 holds his biography together with the one of → Bian Que 扁鵲  in the chapter Bian Que Cang gong lie zhuan 倉公列傳, “Biographies of Bian Que and the Lord of the Granary,” (→ Chunyu Yi zhuan 淳於意傳) and records 25 of his medical case histories. Later sources such as the → TJBC and the → ZLBC frequently quote his recipes. LSZ uses the biographical material from the Shi ji, referring to Chun as Chunyu Yi [5], as Tai cang gong [2], and as Cang gong [2]. He does, however, mistakenly assign material on the six incurable diseases (liu bu zhi 六不 治) to him, which is originally associated with Bian Que in the Shi ji. Apart from quoting biographical material, LSZ also lists a supposed collection of Chunyu Yi’s recipes in his bibliographical sections, this is the → Tai cang gong fang 太倉公方. Chunyu Yi zhuan 淳於意傳, “Biography of Chunyu yi” This is the Cang gong lie zhuan 倉公列傳, “Biography of the Lord of the Granary,” the biography of → Chunyu Yi 淳於意 in the → Shi ji 史記. It is combined there with the biography of → Bian Que 扁鵲  into the Bian Que Cang gong lie zhuan 倉公列傳, “Biographies of Bian Que and the Lord of the Granary.” LSZ quotes the text as Chunyu Yi zhuan [1] or as Cang gong zhuan 倉公傳, “Biography of the Lord of the Granary,” [1]. Chuo geng lu 輟耕錄, “records Taken While Stopping from Field Work” [11] Yuan 元 dynasty literary collection. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Nan cun chuo geng lu 南村輟 耕錄, “[Tao] Nancun’s Records Taken While Stopping from Field Work.” Written by Tao Zongyi 陶宗儀 (→ Tao Jiucheng 陶九成, literary name Nancun 南 村). DC 1367. 30 juan. The book records Yuan era anecdotes and details government style, culture and events, thus providing rich information on history, geography, literature, and art of the time. Ci shi nan zhi 此事難知, “These Things are Hard to Know” [2] Book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Wang Haogu 王好古. DC 1306. 2 juan. The book focuses on the discussion of harm caused by cold offered by → Li Gao 李杲. Some authors consider it a composion of Li Gao himself, therefore it is part of the collection Dongyuan shi shu 東垣十書, “The Ten Books of [Li] Dongyuan.” LSZ refers to the book in his bibliographical sections

87 only, once erroneously attributing it to Li Gao and once labeling it correctly with Wang Haogu’s literary name Haicang 海藏. Ci xi ri chao 慈溪日鈔, “daily Notes from Ci xi” Southern Song 宋 book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Huang shi ri chao 黃氏日抄, “Daily Notes of Mr. Huang,” in the BCGM Huang Zhen ri chao 黃震日抄, “Daily Notes of Huang Zhen.” Written by → Huang Zhen 黃震. 95 juan. The book contains a variety of notes on books the author had read and some of his correspondence. LSZ lists the book as Ci xi ri chao [1] in his bibliographical sections and refers to it as Huang Zhen ri chao [1] in the main text. Ciyun shigong 慈雲式公, “Ceremonial Master of Immeasurable Kindness and Mercy” [1] Northern Song 宋 monk. Lived in the Buddhist Ling yin si 靈隱寺 monastery in Hang zhou 杭州. The Xi hu you lan zhi yu 西湖遊覽志餘, “Extra Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” (→ Xi hu zhi 西湖志), quotes his Yue gui shi xu 月桂詩序, “Preface to the Poem on Moon Cassia,” recording an event in 1027, when at the monastery buildings of Ling yin si moon cassia seeds poured from heaven like rain. LSZ refers to this story briefly in SE yue gui 月桂. Congzheng 從正 → Zhang Congzheng 張從正 Cu yi ji 徂異記, “records of Bygone Extraordinary Things” [1] Lost Northern Song 宋 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. AN Ju yi zhi 俱異志, “Records of All Extraordinary Things,” Zu yi zhi 祖異志, “Records of Ancestors and Extraordinary Things,” Ju yi zhi 狙異 志, “Records of Monkeys and Extraordinary Things.” Written by Nie Tian 聶田. 10 juan. The cu 徂 in the title has the meaning of “dead and gone,” “bygone,” and the entire book records peculiar things from the past. The alternative names are therefore not quite appropriate. The author Nie Tian was a man of Xin ling 信陵, now Ba dong 巴東 in Hu bei 湖北. After failing the jin shi examinations during the tian xi 天禧 reign period (1017-1021), he devoted his efforts to literature. His Cu yi ji covers much of the 11th century, from the tian xi era to the yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1094). There is a preface from 1040, but the book clearly holds material added after that date. 1 juan of the book is found in the Shuo fu. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in the main text, apparently taking his material from the Lei shuo, juan 24. The same story, about the envoy → Zha Dao 查道 encountering a mermaid on his way to Korea, is also found in the Shuo fu. The Shuo fu traces the material back to the Zhen yi ji 甄異記, “Records of Discerning Extraordinary Things,” (→ Zhen yi zhuan 甄異傳) of Eastern Jin 晉 times, but Cha Dao was actually a man of the Song dynasty, so this must be an error on part of the Shuo fu. Cui 崔 → Cui Geishi 崔給事

88 Cui Bao 崔豹 [31] Man of Western Jin 晉. Style name Zhengxiong 正熊, a man of Yu yang 漁陽 near present-day Bei jing 北京. He held a high honorific post and was the author of a → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , frequently cited by LSZ. Cui Chengyuan 崔承元 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Details of his life are unavailable. He once released a convict that had been sentenced to death. When he later lost his eyesight because of a cataract, the former convict informed him of a secret recipe, and Cui was cured. The story is cited in the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, and LSZ takes it over in SE yang 羊. Cui chi shi 崔給事, “Executive assistant Cui” Tang 唐 dynasty official. When he served under → Li Baozhen 李抱真 as a judge, he witnessed Li injuring his finger and stopping the pain by an external application of roasted onions. LSZ cites this in SE cong 蔥, referring to the judge as Cui Geishi [1] and as Cui 崔 [1]. Cui Congzhi 崔從質 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, fl. late 8th century. According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, he witnessed a monk advising someone to drink goat milk to cure a wound resulting from a spider’s bite in 795. This was quoted in the → TJBC and taken over into the → ZLBC, where the protagonist is referred to by his official title as Cui Congzhi yuan wai 崔從質員外, “Supernumerary Cui Congzhi,” and a → Jing yan fang 經驗方 is given as the source text. LSZ apparently brought the two versions together, referring to Cui as Cui Congzhi yuan wai [1] and Cui yuan wai 崔員外 [1], but naming the Chuan xin fang as his source in SE zhi zhu 蜘蛛. Cui Fang 崔昉 [7] Probably a man of the Song 宋 dynasty, but details about his life are unavailable. Author of a lost Lu huo ben cao 爐火本草, “Furnace Fire Materia Medica,” which may or may not be identical with the → Wai dan ben cao 外丹本草 cited by LSZ. Cui Fang ben cao 崔昉本草 → Wai dan ben cao 外丹本草 Cui feng guo 崔奉國, “Cui the Supporter of the State”[1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. According to the Qin zhuang mei shi 琴莊美事, “Beautiful Stories from Qin zhuang,” his family grew a type of plums with thick meat and no pit. Legend had it that these had grown from blood that had fallen on the earth from a dragon’s ear. LSZ identifies this plum as an abnormal variety and rejects the dragon-ear-blood story as false in SE xu li 徐李. Cui Hao 崔浩 (381-450) [1] Northern Wei 魏 official. A man of Dong wu cheng 東武城 in Qing he 清河, now Wu cheng 武城 in Shan dong 山東. Style name Boyuan 伯淵, AV Boshen 伯深. He studied celestial patterns (tian wen 天文) and calendrical science and wrote a → Shi jing 食經  in 9 juan. The preface to this is preserved in his biography in the → Wei shu 魏書. The text itself is cited in the → Qi min yao shu 齊

89 民要術 as a work of Cui Hao. LSZ refers to the Shi jing of Cui Hao and quotes material second hand from the Qi min yao shu. Cui Kang 崔抗 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. In 794, his daughter suffered from pain in the heart and almost died. She was cured by consuming a dish with rehmannia root. The anecdote was quoted from the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 in the → ZLBC, and LSZ takes it over in SE di huang 地黃. Cui lang zhong 崔郎中, “Court Gentleman Cui” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. He was apparently transmitted a recipe by → Fu Taichu 輔太初 to cure portpartum abdominal swelling. LSZ cites this in SE nie mi 糵米. Cui shang shu 崔尚書, “Minister Cui” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty high official, fl. 1st half of the 7th century. Personal name unknown. According to the → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方, he ingested a preparation with stalactite powder and cow’s milk to strengthen his body. LSZ cites this in SE shi zhong ru 石鐘乳 and SE niu 牛. Cui shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui” Name of various physicians. In most cases LSZ labels quotations Cui shi [10] or Cui shi fang 崔氏方, “Mr. Cui’s Recipes,” [17] but does not specify any related era or book title, so it remains unclear which person or text is being referred to.  → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮, author of the → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方

 [6] In connection with the → Zuan yao fang 纂要方, LSZ is referring to → Cui Xinggong 崔行功. This is an erroneous attribution of the text, however, the real author was → Cui Zhiti 崔知悌. Cui Shi 崔寔 (died c. 170) [4] Eastern Han 漢 political expert. Style name Zizhen 子真 (AV Cui Tai 崔臺, style name Yuanshi 元始). A man of An ping 安平 in Zhuo jun 涿郡, now part of He bei 河北. He held the office of Imperial Secretary (shang shu 尚書), participated in the compilation of the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記, and was the author of a Zheng lun 政論, “Discourse on Politics,” as well as other books. LSZ cites his → Si min yue ling 四民月令. Cui shi fang 崔氏方 → Cui shi 崔氏 Cui Shi yue ling 崔寔月令 → Si min yue ling 四民月令 Cui shi zuan yao 崔氏纂要 → Zuan yao fang 纂要方 Cui shi zuan yao fang 崔氏纂要方 → Zuan yao fang 纂要方 Cui Wei gong 崔魏公, “Cui, the duke of Wei” (died 869) [2] This is Cui Xuan 崔鉉, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Taishuo 台 碩, a man of Bo zhou 博州, now Liao cheng 聊城 in Shan dong 山東, jin shi. Served as Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu zuo pu ye 尚 書左僕射) and was installed as Duke of the State of Wei 魏 (Wei guo gong 魏 國公), hence he was called Cui Wei gong. The → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言 re-

90 lates a story of him witnessing → Liang Xin 梁新 curing a rich merchant from a critical disease. This is erroneously documented in the → ZLBC as a critical illness of Cui Wei gong himself (cf. → Cui Wei gong zhuan 崔魏公傳). LSZ takes this error over in SE zhu ji 竹雞, stating that Liang Xin cured Cui Wei gong after he had suddenly collapsed. Cui Wei gong zhuan 崔魏公傳, “Biography of Cui Wei gong” [1] Source probably invented by the → ZLBC, which in an entry about fresh ginger cites a story about the sudden death of the Tang 唐 dynasty official → Cui Wei gong 崔魏公. The original story, a medical case study of a rich merchant being treated with ginger for poisoning with ban xia 半夏, is from the → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言 of → Sun Guangxian 孫光憲, and Cui Wei gong only plays the role of a witness in it. The ZLBC later claims that the story is from a Cui Wei gong zhuan. LSZ takes this error over in his own bibliographical sections, but when citing the story in his main text he labels it with the more general term → Tang xiao shuo 唐小説. Cui Wu 崔務 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty physician who, according to the → Chao ye qian zai 朝野僉載, regularly used copper powder in wine to treat bone fractures. LSZ cites this in SE tong 銅. Cui Xinggong 崔行功 (died 674) Tang 唐 official and medical expert. A man of Jing xing 井陘 in Heng zhou 恒 州, now part of He bei 河北. He held various court posts and was well-versed in medicine. Author of the Qian jin mi yao bei ji fang 千金祕要備急方, “Arcane Essentials and Recipes for Emergencies Worth a Thousand Pieces of Gold.” The Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” incorrectly attributes the → Zuan yao fang 纂要方 to Cui Xinggong, and this error is taken over by LSZ, who cites Cui in connection with that book and a → Xiao er fang , which was probably part of the Zuan yao fang as well. LSZ refers to him as Cui Xinggong [12] and Cui shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui,” [6]. Note that references to a → Cui shi 崔氏 without any further information may refer to other authors as well. Cui Xuan zhou yan 崔宣州衍 [1] This is Cui Yan 崔衍, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Zhao 著, a man of An ping 安平 in Shen zhou 深州, now An ping in He bei 河北. He served a local official in many places but was in Xuan zhou 宣州 for ten years. In 805 he became Minister of Public Works (gong bu shang shu 工部尚書). A Northern Song 宋 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  cited in the ZLBC contains a recipe associated with him, and LSZ takes this over in SE gan cao 甘草. Cui yan 崔言 [1] Five Dynasties official, served in the cavalry. He was cured from “major wind” (da feng 大風) by ingesting a preparation from the thorns of the honeylocust tree. The → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 quotes this anecdote from the Shen xian gan yu zhuan 神仙感遇傳, “Stories of Encounters with Divine Immortals,”

91 (→ Shen xian gan ying pian 神仙感應篇) of → Du Guangting 杜光庭. The → ZLBC cites the same material but names a Gan ying shen xian zhuan 感應神仙 傳, “Stories of Interacting with Divine Immortals,” as its source, and LSZ refers the fragment to the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 in SE zao jia 皂莢. Cui yuan wai 崔員外 → Cui Congzhi 崔從質 Cui yuanliang 崔元亮 (767-833) Tang 唐 dynasty official. Also Cui Xuanliang 崔玄亮. Style name Huishu 晦叔, a man of Zhao yi 昭義 in Ci zhou 磁州, now Ci xian 磁縣 in He bei 河北, jin shi 785. Cui held various high offices at court and was well-versed in Huang lao 黃老 thought and medicine. Author of the → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗 方. LSZ refers to him as Cui Yuanliang [42], erroneously, in SE mu jing 牡荊, as Ji Yuanliang 集元亮 [1], and possibly as Cui shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui.” However, references to a → Cui shi 崔氏 without any further information may refer to other authors as well. Cui Yuanliang fang 崔元亮方 → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方 Cui Zhiti 崔知悌 (c. 615-685) Tang 唐 dynasty high official and medical expert. A man of Yan ling 鄢陵 in Xu zhou 許州, now part of He nan 河南, held various official posts between 650 and 683. Cui was an expert in the treatment of bone-steaming disease (gu zheng bing 骨蒸病) and invented the “poison-resolving decoction with goldthread root," (huang lian jie du tang 黃連解毒湯), which is still used today. He was the author of several books including the → Zuan yao fang 纂要方, the Gu zheng bing jiu fang 骨蒸病灸方, “Burning Methods for [the Treatment of ] Bone Steaming Disease,” (→ Lao zhai fang 勞瘵方 ), and the Chan tu 產圖, “Childbirth Charts.” LSZ refers to Cui as Cui Zhiti [6]. Due to the erroneous attribution of the Zuan yao fang to → Cui Xinggong 崔行功, LSZ’s references to a Cui shi 崔 氏, “Mr. Cui,” [6] are probably to that author. Note that references to a → Cui shi 崔氏 without any further information may refer to various people. Cui zhong cheng 崔中丞, “Vice Censor-in-chief Cui” (died 770) [1] This is Cui Guan 崔瓘, a Tang 唐 dynasty official. A man of Bo ling 博陵. He served as the prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Li zhou 澧州 and Tan zhou 潭州. Since he also held the post of Vice Censor-in-chief (yu shi zhong cheng 御史中丞), he was called Cui zhong cheng. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 lists a “recipe for black pills with refined salt” (lian yan hai wan fang 煉鹽黑丸方) that was probably transmitted by him, and LSZ takes this over in SE shi yan 食鹽. Cunzhong 存中 → Shen Gua 沈括

92

-dDa guan 大觀 → Da guan ben cao 大觀本草 Da guan ben cao 大觀本草, “The Da guan reign Period Materia Medica” CMM. This is a revised and expanded edition of the → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本 草, based in part upon the → Ben cao bie shuo 本草別説 and published in 1108 by → Ai Sheng 艾晟. Full name of the text is Jing shi zheng lei da guan ben cao 經史 證類大觀本草, “The Da guan Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica, Based on Classics and Histories.” Later revised by → Cao Xiaozhong 曹孝忠 to produce the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草 and by → Wang Jixian 王 繼先 into the Shao xing ben cao 紹興本草, “The Shao xing Reign Period Materia Medica.” LSZ cites the book in the Zheng lei ben cao entry of his bibliographical sections and in the main text as Da guan ben cao [2] and Da guan 大觀 [1]. Da huang jing 大荒經, “Classic on Major Wastelands” [1] Section of the → Shan hai jing 山海經, divided into four parts on the eastern, western, southern, and northern wastelands. The Da huang jing LSZ cites in SE zhu she 諸蛇 is the Da huang bei jing 大荒北經, “Northern Classic of Major Wastelands.” Da kang di ji 大康地記, “Geographical records of the Da kang reign Period” [1] Anonymous Jin 晉 dynasty geographical text. AN Tai kang di ji 太康地記, “Geographical Records of the Tai kang Reign Period.” The title refers to the Jin tai kang 太康 reign period (280-289). The original text is lost, but the → Shuo fu 説郛 has an incomplete version, and fragments are preserved in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類 聚, and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The → ZLBC quotes two fragmentary entries from it. LSZ quotes the text second hand in SE hua shi 滑石 from the zheng he 政和 edition of the ZLBC but does not indicate his source. da Ming 大明 → Rihua zi 日華子 Da Ming hui dian 大明會典, “Collected Statutes of the Great Ming” Historical text. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Ming hui dian 明會典, “Collected Statutes of the Ming.” The book was compiled at imperial order, it describes the organization of the six ministries (liu bu 六部) as well as decrees and regulations. Its compilation was begun during the hong wu 洪武 reign period (1369-1398) and underwent revisions during the hong zhi 弘治 (1425-1426), jia jing 嘉靖 (1522-1567), and wan li 萬歷 (1573-1620) reign periods, this last edition consisting of 228 juan. LSZ refers to the text as Da Ming hui dian [7] and Hui dian 會典, “Collected Statutes,” [2]. Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Great Ming” Comprehensive Ming dynasty geographical text and gazetteer. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Ming yi tong zhi 明一統志, “Comprehensive Gazetter of the Ming.” Written by Li Xian 李賢 and others. DC 1461. 90 juan. The book follows the style of the Da Yuan yi tong zhi 大元一統志, “Comprehensive Gaz-

93 etteer of the Great Yuan,” but was based on the new Ming administrative system. It is arranged according to administrative units, i.e., the two Ming capitals of Nan jing 南京 and Bei jing 北京, the 13 capital districts, the prefectures and subprefectures, describing historical developments there. It also holds chapters on geographical features, local customs, historical sites, persons, and other topics, in which it includes descriptions of foreign countries. LSZ cites the book as Da Ming yi tong zhi [3] and as Yi tong zhi 一統志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer,” [23]. However, prior to the Da Ming yi tong zhi there was another imperial geography, the Huan yu tong zhi 寰宇通志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Universe,” compiled by Chen Xun 陳循 and others (completed 1456), which fell out of circulation once the Da Ming yi tong zhi had been published. The Da Ming yi tong zhi was largely based on the Huan yu tong zhi but expanded it with additional material, particularly with information on the southwestern border regions. So the material cited by LSZ as from a Huan yu zhi 寰宇志, “Universal Gazetteer,” [4] in the main text of the BCGM can be found in the Huan yu tong zhi as well as the Da Ming yi tong zhi. da Qing 達卿 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person, fl. during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). A man of Ping jiang 平江, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. According to the → Chu ji shi 楮記室, his daughter fell pregnant at the age of 12. LSZ cites this in SE fu ren yue shui 婦人月水. Da quan fang 大全方 → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 Da quan liang fang 大全良方, “Greatly Complete Good recipes” [2] AN for the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. However, the material LSZ cites in the main text of the BCGM is not found (or only found in a rather different wording) in the original text of the Fu ren liang fang. Da Tao Yinju lai zhu jian qi 答陶隱居賚术煎啓, “Letter in response to Tao yinju Bestowing Me with atractylodes decoction” [1] Title of a letter. Written by → Yu Jianwu 庾肩吾 of Southern Liang 梁. The letter includes a survey of the appearance and effects of atractylodes root and expresses the writer’s gratitude to → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 for preparing and sending him this medication. LSZ cites it in SE zhu 术. Da xiao fang 大效方, “Greatly Efficacious recipe” Not the name of a separate book but simply a medical recipe considered very effective, which the → ZLBC mistakenly considered the name of a book by → Zhang Lu 張潞. LSZ apparently took over this error in his bibliographical sections, listing a Da xiao fang [1] and incorrectly writing the name of the author Zhang Lu 張路. In the main text he refers to a Zhang Lu fang 張潞方, “Recipe of Zhang Lu,” [1]. Da ye lu 大業錄 → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄 Da ye shi yi ji 大業拾遺記 → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄

94 Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄, “records of retrieved Stories of the Da ye reign Period” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book, a private history. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書 志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study” AN Da ye za ji 大業雜 記, “Miscellaneous Records of the Da ye Reign Period,” Da ye shi yi 大業拾遺, “Retrieved Stories from the Da ye Reign Period,” etc. Written by → Du Bao 杜 寶. 10 juan. The book records events starting from the year 604 until the final collapse of the Sui 隋 dynasty. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and quotes fragments of it from other sources in his main text. He refers to the book as Da ye shi yi lu [2], as Shi yi lu 拾遺錄, “Records of Retrieved Stories,” [7], as Da ye lu 大業錄, “Records of the Da ye Reign Period,” [1], as Da ye shi yi ji 大業拾遺記, “Records of Retrieved Stories of the Da ye Reign Period,” [1], and as Shi yi ji 拾遺記, “Records of Retrieved Stories,” [1]. This same abbreviation is used by LSZ in reference to the → Shi yi ji 拾遺記  by → Wang Zinian 王子年, so the two books might easily be confused. da yu 大禹, “yu the Great” Legendary ancient tribal leader who became famous for preventing floods by water control. Medical and pharmaceutical items associated with Da Yu include: yu yu liang 禹餘糧 (lit. “Yu’s left-over food”), yu ai 禹哀 (lit. “Yu’s grief ”), yu jiu 禹韭 (lit. “Yu’s garlic”), and the “powder as effective as Yu’s work” (Yu gong san 禹功散). The so-called “step of Yu” (Yu bu 禹步) is an often practiced Daoist technique. LSZ refers to Yu as Da Yu [2], Shen Yu 神禹, “Yu the Divine,” [6], or simply Yu 禹 [6]. Da zhao 大招, “Great Summons” Section of the → Chu ci 楚辭. Said by some to have been written by → Jing Cha 景差. LSZ cites it as Da zhao [2] and erroneously as Li sao da zhao 離騷大招, “The Woes of Departure and the Great Summons,” [1]. Dai du fu 代都賦, “rhapsody on the Capital of the dynasty” [1] Fu 賦 poem. The → Wei shu 魏書 lists a Dai du fu by Gao Yun 高允 (390-487) and another Dai du fu by Liang Zuo 梁祚 (402-488). Both are lost. The Song 宋 dynasty → Pi ya 埤雅 quotes from a Dai du fu a line on the ibex (yuan yang 羱 羊) but does not mention its author. LSZ takes this over in SE shan yang 山羊. dai Guyu 戴古渝 [2] Medical writer, about whom no details are available. According to LSZ, the author of an otherwise unknown → Jing yan fang 經驗方 . References to a → Dai shi 戴氏 [2] may be to Dai Guyu or other authors. dai Kaizhi 戴凱之 [3] Jin 晉 to Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty botanical expert, fl. mid-5th century. Style name Qingyu 慶豫 (AV Qingyu 慶預). A man of Wu chang 武昌 in present-day Hu bei 湖北. Author of a → Zhu pu 竹譜  and the Dai Kaizhi ji 戴凱之集, “Collection of Dai Kaizhi.”

95 dai Qizong 戴起宗 [2] Yuan 元 dynasty Confucian teacher and medical expert, sometimes written Dai Qizong 戴啟宗. Style name Tongfu 同父, a man of Jian ye 建業, now Nan jing 南京 in Jiang su 江蘇. He was a Confucian teacher at Long xing lu 龍興路 in present-day Nan chang 南昌 in Jiang xi 江西. Concerned about the authenticity and accuracy of the transmitted → Mai jue 脈訣, he created a corrected edition called → Mai jue kan wu 脈訣刊誤. References to a → Dai shi 戴氏 [2] may be to Dai Qizong or other authors. dai shi 戴氏, “Mr. dai” [2] Physician cited in SE mi tuo seng 密陀僧 and SE zhu ti 鱁鮧. However, it remains unclear whether LSZ is referring to → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮, → Dai Qizong 戴起宗, or → Dai Guyu 戴古渝. dai yaochen 戴堯臣 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of Shi cheng 石城 in present-day Jiang xi 江 西, who served as commandant (wei guan 尉官). According to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, he once he injured his finger while trying a horse and applied cong bai 蔥白 to cure the wound. Later on, → Song tui guan 宋推官 and → Bao xian yin 鮑縣尹 obtained this recipe and used it to help others. LSZ cites this story second hand. dai yuan shi 戴院使 → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮 dai yuanli 戴原禮 (1324-1405) This is the style name of Dai Sigong 戴思恭, a Ming 明 dynasty physician and medical theorist. A man of Pu jiang 浦江 in Wu zhou 婺州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. Following his father’s example, he studied with → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 and began his career working as an imperial physician during the hong wu 洪武 reign period (1368-1398). During the jian wen 建文 reign period (13991403) he held the post of office commissioner (yuan shi 院使) at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院) and hence was known as Dai yuan shi 戴院使, “Office Commissioner Dai.” Dai was the author of the → Zheng zhi yao jue 證治要訣 and the Zheng zhi yao jue lei fang 證治要訣類方, “Categorized Recipes from the Essential Instructions for the Treatment on Disease Signs.” He also revised the → Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄 of Zhu Zhenheng. LSZ refers to Dai as Dai Yuanli [25] and Dai yuan shi [1]. References to a → Dai shi 戴氏 [2] may be to Dai Sigong or other authors. Dai Yuanli fang 戴原禮方 → Zheng zhi yao jue 證治要訣 dai zhi 待制 → Li dai zhi 李待制 dai Zuo 戴祚 (4th-5th century) [1] Eastern Jin 晉 official. Style name Yanzhi 延之, a man of Jiang dong 江東, an area along the south bank of the Yang zi river below present-day Fu hu 蕪湖. He held office as a record keeper (zhu bu 主簿) among the Western nomads. At the end of Eastern Jin he followed Liu Yu 劉裕 on his westward march against Yao Hong 姚泓 and as a result wrote the Xi zheng ji 西征記, “Records of a Campaign

96 to the West.” He was also the author of the → Zhen yi zhuan 甄異傳, cited by LSZ. dan 鄲 →Xia Houyun 夏侯鄆 Dan fang jian yuan 丹房鑒源 → 丹房鏡源 Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源, “Mirror Origin of the Cinnabar Chamber” Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist book. FE Chong wen zong mu ji shi 崇文總目輯釋, “General Bibliography of the Imperial Archive, Arranged and Explained.” AN originally Dan fang jian yuan 丹房鑒源, “Mirror Origin of the Cinnabar Chamber.” Written by → Dugu Tao 獨孤滔. 3 juan. The book assembles information on the various kinds of minerals needed for alchemy. It is divided into 10 chapters, one chapter for each type of mineral. The book is preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經), and the → ZLBC quotes 60 fragments. LSZ cites the book as Dan fang jing yuan [18], as Dan fang jian yuan [1], as Jing yuan 鏡源, “Mirror Origin,” [12], as Dugu Tao dan shu 獨孤滔丹書, “Cinnabar Book of Dugu Tao,” [1], simply as Dan shu 丹書, “Cinnabar Book,” [1], or by the author’s name as Dugu Tao [35]. Dan liao 澹寮 → Dan liao fang 澹寮方 Dan liao fang 澹寮方, “recipes of the Tranquil Hut” Abbreviation for the Dan liao ji yan bi fang 澹寮集驗秘方, “Proven Secret Recipes from the Collection of the Tranquil Hut,” a late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 medical recipe book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by the monk → Jihong 繼洪. DC 1283. 15 juan. The work is divided into 48 chapters on different pathological conditions. Each chapter begins with a brief description of disease symptoms, followed by categorized recipes, adding up to more than a thousand recipes in all. These recipes were not transmitted widely, but they are quoted extensively in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. LSZ may have seen the original book himself or he may have quoted his material second hand from the Pu ji fang. He cites the book as Dan liao fang [24], as Dan liao 澹寮, “Tranquil Hut,” [3], or in one case labels material from the book Seng Jihong 僧繼洪, “Monk Jihong,” only. Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄, “records of Cinnabar and Lead” [19] Abbreviation for the Dan qian zong lu 丹鉛總錄, “General Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” a Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Yang Shen 楊慎. Yang wrote three books with similar titles, the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” the Dan qian xu lu 丹鉛續錄, “Subsequent Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” and the Dan qian zhai lu 丹鉛摘錄, “Selected Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” 42 juan altogether, with some repetition in them. Yang’s disciple Liang Zuo 梁佐 removed the repetitions to produce a 27 juan version, which is the Dan qian zong lu LSZ used. The book is abundant in textual discussions of the classics and their commentaries and its differentiation of historical facts. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He probably used more material from it

97 than he indicates, in many cases just referring to the original works and not the Dan qian lu itself. dan ran 單驤 (2nd half of the 11th century) [1] Northern Song 宋 medical official. Originally from Shu 蜀, now Si chuan 四川. After failing the jin shi examinations, he studied medicine with Peng Shanyin 彭山隱 and became a famous physician. His views differed from others in that he continued to emphasize that → Wang Shuhe 王叔和 was wrong when he described the Triple Burner (san jiao 三焦) as an organ without physical form. During the jia you 嘉祐 reign period (1056-1063), he held local posts in Bin zhou 邠州 and Cheng du 成都 but was called to court as a medical official and participated in the editing of medical literature. During the xi ning 熙寧 reign period (1068-1077) he moved on to other court positions. LSZ cites a recipe transmitted by him as → Dan Ran fang 單驤方 in SE ling li 鯪鯉. Dan Ran fang 單驤方, “recipes of dan ran” [1] Pharmaceutical recipes used by → Dan Ran 單驤, a medical official during the Northern Song 宋. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 cites a “Gushing Spring Power” (yong quan san 涌泉散) as from a Dan Ran fang, and LSZ takes this over in SE ling li 鯪鯉. Dan sha mi jue 丹砂秘訣 → Yu dong yao jue 玉洞要訣 Dan sha yao jue 丹砂要訣 → Yu dong yao jue 玉洞要訣 Dan shu 丹書, “Book [or Books] of Cinnabar” [6]  [1] Abbreviated title for the → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 cited in SE zhi zi 巵子.  [3] General designation of Daoist alchemical literature

 [2] Texts written with red ink or with cinnabar Dan tai lu 丹臺錄, “records of the Cinnabar Platform” [2] Daoist alchemical book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to one → Qingxia zi 青霞子, a Sui 隋 dynasty figure who is said to have been 300 years old at the time. LSZ lists the book separately and within the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛 玉冊 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Material referred to Qingxia zi (which LSZ takes over from the → ZLBC) may be from this text or the → Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun 軒轅述寶藏論. Dan yao mi jue 丹藥秘訣 → Sheng lian dan yao mi jue 昇煉丹藥秘訣 Dang shi 蕩詩 → Shi jing 詩經 dangzhi 當之 → Li Dangzhi 李當之 danqiu zi 丹丘子, “Master of Cinnabar Hill” Legendary immortal. Traditionally considered a man of Han 漢 times (e.g., in the → Shen yi ji 神異記). In the → Za lu 雜錄 , → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 states that Danqiu zi consumed tea in order to lighten his body and change his mortal bones into immortal ones. LSZ rejects this story as nonsense.

98 danxi 丹溪 → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 Danxi bu yi 丹溪補遺 → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 Danxi huo tao 丹溪活套, “Common Sayings of [Zhu] danxi” [1] For LSZ the name of a book. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections without providing the name of an author. The book is not mentioned in any of the standard bibliographies, but the Ming 明 author → Yu Tuan 虞摶 in his → Yi xue zheng chuan 醫學正傳 labels material on vessel movements and recipes Danxi huo tao. The context there, however, suggests that this is a catch-all term for the way → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪) diagnosed and treated patients and not the name of a book. Considering that LSZ does not quote any material from a Danxi huo tao in the main text of the BCGM, it seems likely that he erroneously assumed that Danxi huo tao was the title of a book. Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法 (AV 丹豀心法), “The Essential Methods of [Zhu] danxi” Clinical texts, associated with the school of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪).

 [1] FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Compiled and edited by → Yang Xun 楊珣. DC 1450-1456. 3 juan. The original edition, printed in Shaan xi 陝西, was lost, but there is a revised and expanded version by → Cheng Chong 程充, which is still extant today (→ Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法 ). LSZ lists the Yang Xun text in his bibliographical sections only.

 [16] Edited by → Cheng Chong 程充. DC 1481. 5 juan (AV 4 juan). Based on the → Yang Xun 楊珣 edition (→ Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法 )., Cheng revised and expanded the Danxi xin fa, using material of Wang Jihuan 王季瓛 (who had already supplemented the work with various recipes), from the Ping zhi hui cui 平治薈萃, “Assembly of [Methods for a] Balanced Treatment,” (→ Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄), the → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義, and from a volume preserved at the home of Zhu Zhenheng’s grandson. Only Cheng’s version of the Danxi xin fa now survives. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and frequently cites it in his main text. Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘, “Extra additions to the Danxi xin fa” Clinical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Compiled by → Fang Guang 方廣. DC 1536. 24 juan. The book removed some of the additional material from the → Cheng Chong 程充 edition of the → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法 , attempting to reveal the pure and unadulterated thought of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹 溪). Fang Guang then added material by other autors he believed to be reliable transmitters of Danxi doctrines and useful for the clarification of difficult points. The book survives. LSZ quotes it as Danxi xin fa fu yu [2], as Xin fa fu yu 心法 附餘, “Extra Additions to the Essential Methods,” [4], and as Fu yu 附餘, “Extra Additions,” by Fang Guang [3]. Material labeled Fang Guang yun 方廣云, “Fang Guang says” [1] refers to Fang Guang’s annotations in the text.

99 Danxi yi an 丹溪醫案, “Medical Case Studies of [Zhu] danxi” [2] Book of case studies. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Transmitted from → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪) and compiled during the Ming 明 period by his disciple Dai Sigong 戴思恭 (→ Dai Yuanli 戴原禮). 1 juan. The book survives but is very rare. LSZ quotes one case study in the main text and lists the book in his bibliographical sections without providing the name of the compiler. Danxi zhai xuan 丹溪摘玄, “Selected Profundities of [Zhu] danxi” Anonymous clinical text. FE Quan guo zhong yi tu shu lian he mu lu 全國中醫圖 書聯合目錄, “Combined Bibliography of the Illustrations and Books on Chinese Medicine from the Entire Country.” 20 juan (present edition). DC wan li 萬曆 reign period (1573-1620) or before. The text is divided into 84 chapters according to disease signs, each chapter containing theoretical discussions and pharmaceutical recipes associated with → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪). Most of the material is from the → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法, but some recipes appear exclusively in the Danxi zhai xuan. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites recipes as Danxi zhai xuan [2] or Danxi zhai xuan fang 丹溪摘玄方, “Selected Profound Recipes of [Zhu] Danxi,” [1] in the main text. LSZ also cites material from a Ye shi zhai xuan fang 葉氏摘 玄方, “Selected Profound Recipes of Mr. Ye,” or simply a → Zhai xuan fang 摘 玄方. A large part of the Ye shi zhai xuan fang quotations and a few of the Zhai xuan fang recipes are also taken from the Danxi zhai xuan, but the relationship of most of the Zhai xuan fang material to the Danxi zhai xuan remains unclear. Danxi zhai xuan fang 丹溪摘玄方 → Danxi zhai xuan 丹溪摘玄, → Zhai xuan fang 摘玄方 Danxi zuan yao 丹溪纂要, “Edited Essentials of [Zhu] danxi” Clinical text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Compiled by → Lu He 盧和. DC 15th century. 8 juan. The text is based upon works the disciples of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (literary name Danxi 丹溪) recorded or revised, like the → Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄 or the → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法. Lu then cut out parts he considered irrelevant, polished the language, and added in the essential points of the → Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘論. LSZ quotes the work as Danxi zuan yao [18] and labels annotations from the book with the name of Lu He [1]. dan yang seng 丹陽僧, “Monk from dan yang” [1] Probably Song 宋 dynasty Buddhist monk and expert in the treatment of sores. He is said to have used honeysuckle to cure “obstruction- and impediment-illness” (yong ju 癰疽) and “back effusion” (fa bei 發背). LSZ cites this in SE ren dong 忍冬. Dao cang fa lun 倒倉法論 → Dao cang lun 倒倉論 Dao cang lun 倒倉論, “discourse on Shifting the Grain of the Granary” Chapter on treatment methods. Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. AN Dao cang fa lun 倒倉法論, “Discourse on a Method for Shifting the Grain of the

100 Granary.” DC 14th century. The text is contained in the → Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘 論, the → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法, and the → Danxi zuan yao 丹溪纂要. The title refers to a treatment of accumulation and stagnation in the spleen and stomach (referred to by Zhu as cang 倉, “granary”), which is eliminated by using a very rich beef broth as an emetic. LSZ refers to it as Dao cang lun [1] and as Dao cang fa lun [1] in his main text. Dao jing 道經, “daoist Classics” [2] Either a reference to the → Dao zang jing 道藏經 or a general reference to Daoist texts. Dao lan shuo 盗蘭説 → Chen Zhizhai ji 陳止齋集 Dao shu 道書, “daoist Book” [10] General term for Daoist books. In SE huang lian 黃連, LSZ quotes → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 from the → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄, referring to a Dao fang 道方, “Daoist Recipe,” and a Dao shu of Tao’s. Since Dao fang is most certainly a general term for Daoist recipes and Tao Hongjing never wrote a book called Dao shu, it is to be assumed that Dao shu, like Dao fang, is a catch-all term as well. Dao zang 道藏 → Dao zang jing 道藏經 Dao zang jing 道藏經, “daoist Canon” General term for Daoist books, also a compilation of Daoist scriptures, the “Daoist Tripitaka.” AN Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon.” After Ming 明 times, a Zheng tong dao zang 正統道藏, “Daoist Canon of the Zheng tong Reign Period,” and Wan li xu dao zang 萬歷續道藏, “Continued Daoist Canon of the Wan li Reign Period,” were in circulation. LSZ, however, seems to use the terms Dao zang jing [4], Dao zang [2], and → Dao jing 道經 [2] as a general designation for Daoist books in his main text. daoguang 道廣 [1] Early Northern Song 宋 monk who once cured → Shen Daogong 慎道恭 of his “rice conglomeration-illness” (mi jia 米瘕). dazhi chanshi 大智禪師, “Zen Master of Outstanding Wisdom” [1] Southern Song 宋 Buddhist monk, resided in Quan zhou 全州 in present-day Guang xi 廣西. His recipes were recorded by numerous Southern Song medical books. The → Ben shi fang 本事方 lists his “pills to cool the heart” (qing xin wan 清心丸), and LSZ takes this over, referring to the monk as Dazhi chanshi [1]. In addition, his use of the larynx of white water buffalo for treating upset stomach was recorded in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 and taken over by the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 without indication of the source. LSZ cites the recipe second hand from the Pu ji fang, changing the name Dazhi chanshi to Zhou chanshi 周禪師, “Zen Master Zhou,” [1]. De sheng tang fang 德生堂方 → De sheng tang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方

101 De sheng tang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes from the Hall of Virtuous Life” Lost Yuan 元 dynasty collection of medical recipes. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵 閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by Li Xian 李 憲. 10 volumes. Some 228 fragments are quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, from which LSZ gets his material. The Japanese Ishimpō 醫心方, “Medical Core Recipes,” also includes lost material from the book but was not available to LSZ at the time. Li cites the book as De sheng tang jing yan fang [6] and as De sheng tang fang 德生堂方, “Recipes from the Hall of Virtuous Life,” [7] without indicating the name of the author anywhere. De xiao fang 得效方, “recipe(s) to Obtain [Good] results”  [5] → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方

 [1] Medical recipe attributed to Tao Yinju 陶隱居 (→ Tao Hongjing 陶弘 景). No book titled De xiao fang by Tao Hongjing is found in any of the standard bibliographies. LSZ took the quotation from the → TJBC, where it is referred to as Zhou hou fang 肘後方, “Recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand,” which is the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 of → Ge Hong 葛洪 and not the → Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一方 of Tao Hongjing. Thus, the term de xiao fang seems to be a descriptive phrase for a highly effective recipe, which LSZ, confusing the Zhou hou bei ji fang and the Zhou hou bai yi fang, refers to Tao Yinju. deng Bifeng 鄧筆峰 → Deng Cai 鄧才 Deng Bifeng fang 鄧筆峰方 → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 deng Cai 鄧才 Ming 明 dynasty physician. Style name Bifeng 筆峰. Further details about his life are unavailable. LSZ used his → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 and refers to him as Deng Cai [7], as Bifeng 筆峰 [18], and as Deng Bifeng 鄧筆峰 [11]. Deng Cai qing xing 鄧才清興 → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 deng deming 鄧德明 Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty literatus. A man of Gan zhou 贛州 in present-day Jiang xi 江西 and a disciple of the educationalist Lei Cizong 雷次宗 of Nan kang 南 康 in Yu zhang 豫章 at the end of the yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424-453). He was known for his erudition and was the author of the → Nan kang ji 南康記. LSZ incorrectly refers to him as Deng Xianming 鄧顯明 [2] in connection with this book. Deng Luo fu shan shu 登羅浮山疏 → Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏 deng Shao 鄧紹 Man of the Liang 梁 dynasty or before. In the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草, an edited version of the → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草, his name is given as Deng Zhao 鄧沼. A man of Hong nong 弘農, now Ling bao 靈寶 in He nan 河南. This is erroneously given as Si nong 司農 in some editions of the ZLBC, a mistake taken over by LSZ. LSZ quotes a story from the → Xu qi xie ji 續齊諧記 about Deng going into the mountains and finding out that rain drops collectiong

102 on leaves (“dew pearls”, lu zhu 露珠) can improve eyesight. He refers to Deng as Deng Shao [1] and Shao 紹 [1]. deng Siqi 鄧思齊 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty mountain dweller who knew and passed on a recipe by → Xin luo seng 新羅僧 to help the movement of the four limbs. LSZ cites this in SE wei ling xian 威靈仙. deng Xianming 鄧顯明 → Deng Deming 鄧德明 Deng zhen yin jue 登真隱訣, “Secret Instructions for ascending to Perfection” Liang 梁 dynasty Daoist book. FE Dong xuan 洞玄, “Cavern of Mystery,” section of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). AN Yin jue 隱訣, “Secret Instructions.” Written by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. 3 juan. The book contains information on Daoist methods of self-cultivation and nurturing life (yang sheng 養生). The → TJBC collected the material on pharmaceutics for nourishing life from the work, and this is taken over by LSZ, who cites the book as Deng zhen yin jue [6] and as Yin jue [1]. dexiu 德秀 → Yuan Dexiu 元德秀 Di dan fang jian 滴丹方鑒, “Mirror of recipes With a drop of Elixir” [1] Name of a book. LSZ quotes a fragment in SE tai yi yu liang 太一餘糧 on the abilities of wu se yu liang 五色餘糧 and shi zhong hua 石中黃 to dry mercury and generate gold color. In the Zhang Shao tang 張紹棠 edition of the BCGM the title was changed to Dan fang jian yuan 丹房鑒源, “Mirror Origin of the Cinnabar Chamber.” The modern editor Liu Hengru 劉衡如 identifies this as the → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 on the basis of textual comparison with that book’s chapters on “various medicinals (za yao 雜藥) and “all types of yellows” (zhu huang 諸黃). Di jing tu 地鏡圖, “Maps of Surface Waters” [6] Lost, anonymous book, probably from the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty or before. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” citing the bibliography → Qi lu 七錄. The book describes geographical features and their connection to products, auspicious and inauspicious influences, etc. Fragments are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ cites the Di jing tu second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Di li zhi 地理志, “Geographical Treatise”  [2] In Wu lu di li zhi 吳錄地理志, “Geographical Treatise in the Records of Wu,” this is a section of the → Wu lu 吳錄.  [1] Incorrect name of a text. See bibliography of the BCGM. In SE hu po 琥 珀, LSZ refers to a Di li zhi cited by → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭. Comparing the BCGM material with Kou’s → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, we find that Kou actually cites a Di li zhi 地里志, “Treatise on Geographical Features.” The fragment quoted is originally from the Nan man – lin yi 南蠻林邑, “Southern Barbarians – Forest Settlements,” section in the → Tong dian 通典 (→ Nan man ji 南蠻記).

103 Kou abbreviates this as Di li zhi 地里志, which LSZ erroneously changes into Di li zhi 地理志. di nü 帝女, “The Thearch’s daughter” [2]  [1] Daughter of a celestial thearch. The → Shan hai jing 山海經 relates that Gu yao 姑媱 mountain was the place she died and was transformed into the yao 䔄 herb. LSZ cites this in SE wu feng du yao cao 無風獨搖草.

 [1] Daughter of Yu 禹 the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹). According to the Zhan guo ce 戰國策, the “thearch’s daughter” (di nü 帝女) ordered → Yi Di 儀狄 to make wine. The Ming 明 author Zhou Zhe·周祈, in his Ming yi kao 名義考, “Investigations of Famous Meanings,” identifies di 帝 as Yu 禹. LSZ mentions her in SE jiu 酒. Di wang shi ji 帝王世紀, “records of the Lives of Emperors and Kings” [1] Lost Jin 晋 dynasty historical work. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Huangfu Mi 皇甫 謐. 10 juan. Fragments are found in the → Chu xue ji 初學記 and the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義. LSZ quotes a story second hand in his bibliographical sections about the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ) making → Qi Bo 岐伯 taste the flavor of different medicinals. According to the story, Qi Bo then created the Ben cao jing 本草經, “Classic of Materia Medica” (→ Shen nong ben cao jing 神 農本草經) and invented various pharmaceutical recipes to treat a multitude of ailments. Di zhi 地志, “Local Gazetteers”[1] Local chronicles, also called fang zhi 方志, “regional gazetteers.” This is literature on local events and circumstances. The BCGM quotes numerous local chronicles or geographical records such as the → Tai yuan di zhi 太原地志, the → Shu di zhi 蜀地志, the Qi di zhi 齊地志, “Local Gazetteer of Qi,” (→ Qi di ji 齊地記), and the Jiao zhou di zhi 交州地志, “Local Gazetteer of Jiao zhou,” (→ Jiao zhou zhi 交州志). However, the Di zhi quoted in SE zhi ju 枳椇 cannot be associated with any specific locality. Dian shu 典術, “Classic Erudition” [9] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Jian ping wang dian shu 建平 王典術, “The Erudition of the Prince of Jian ping,” and erroneously, in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, Wang Jianping dian shu 王建平典術, “The Erudition of Wang Jianping.” Written by Liu Hong 劉宏 (→ Jian ping wang 建平王). 120 juan. The book is named after Liu’s princely title “Prince of Jian ping.” LSZ takes over the error of the Tai ping yu lan, attributing the book to a Wang Jianping 王 建平. Fragments are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the Tai ping yu lan, the → ZLBC, and other books. LSZ quotes legends and names of medicinals second hand from these works. ding 鼎 → Zhang Ding 張鼎

104 ding Biqing 丁必卿 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. He once suffered from “pre-dawn diarrhea” (wu geng xie 五更瀉) and was cured by pills with pig’s stomach and garlic ingested together with the “powder to balance the stomach” (ping wei san 平胃散). Ding Biqing relates his story in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, and LSZ takes it over in SE shi 豕. ding danya 丁丹崖 [1] Person of Ming 明 times or before. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Yi zhen tang jing yan fang 頤真堂經驗 lists a “pill with dog’s jewels” (gou bao wan 狗寶丸) that was allegedly transmitted by the ancestors of Ding Danya. LSZ mentions him in SE gou bao 狗寶. ding du 丁度 (990-1053) [1] Song 宋 dynasty scholar of lexicography. Style name Gongya 公雅, a man of Xiang fu 祥符, now Kai feng 祥符 in He nan 河南. He held a court appointment and during the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1063) was ordered along with others to reedit the Yun lüe 韻略, “Overview of Rhymes,” thus creating the Li bu yun lüe 禮部韻略, “Outline of Rhymes of the Ministry of Rites.” He also revised the → Guang yun 廣韻 to produce the → Ji yun 集韻, cited by LSZ. Ding lan shuo 訂蘭説, “Elucidations on How to determine [the Origin of ] Orchids” [1] Explanations by → Fang Xugu 方虛谷 (i.e. Fang Hui 方回) on how to determine the origin of orchids. The source of the material quoted by LSZ is uncertain. The only book by Fang LSZ lists in his bibliography is the → Fang Xugu ji 方虛谷集, “Fang Xugu’s Collection,” a title that is not recorded anywhere else. Although the material quoted from a Ding lan shuo in the main text of the BCGM vaguely resembles material in Fang Hui’s Tong jiang xu ji 桐江續集, “Subsequent Tong jiang Collection,” the wording is rather different. → Song Lian 宋濂, in his Wen xian ji 文憲集, “Collection of [Song] Wenxian” (→ Qian Xiji 潛溪集), cites Fang Hui’s explanations, and his material appears rather similar to LSZ’s. ding Luan 丁鑾 Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty person. A man of An xi 安西 county, now in the East of Tu lu fan 吐魯番 in Xin jiang 新疆. An expert on the nature and habits of the fei fei 狒狒 monkey. LSZ quotes his explanations, referring to him as Ding Luan [1] and Luan 鑾 [1]. ding Wei 丁謂 (966-1037) [3] Song 宋 dynasty official. Style name Weizhi 謂之, later Gongyan 公言, a man of Chang zhou 長洲 in Su zhou 蘇州 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Ding passed the jin shi examinations first rank in 992 and eventually rose to the office of Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相). In 1022, he was demoted to local posts in the South, namely in Ya zhou 崖州 and Lei zhou 雷州. During the time that he resided in these areas Ding collected information on chen xiang 沉香 and as a result wrote the → Tian xiang zhuan 天香傳. This is cited by the → TJBC, from

105 which LSZ takes some material. Ding also wrote another work mentioned by LSZ, the → Bei yuan cha lu 北苑茶錄. ding Xihou 定西侯 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. LSZ, in SE fan shi 礬石, cites a recipe associated with him, the origin of which is unknown. Dingzhai fang 定齋方, “recipe of [Mr.] dingzhai” [1] Name of a pharmaceutical prescription, not a book. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 quotes a “[Mr.] Dingzhai’s method to wash one’s feet” (Dingzhai zhuo zu fa 定齋 濯足法) from the → Jian yi fang 簡易方 , and LSZ takes this over in SE fan shi 礬石, erroneously naming a Dingzhai fang as his source. dong Biaoyi 董表儀 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person, a man of Hang zhou 杭州. According to the Xi hu you lan zhi yu 西湖遊覽志餘, “Extra Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” ( → Xi hu zhi 西湖志), Dong, while dismantling his house, dug up a lump of meat that was identified as Jupiter. LSZ cites this in SE feng 封. dong Bing 董炳 Ming 明 dynasty hereditary physician, fl. mid-16th century. Style name Wenhua 文化, literary name Huaihe 懷鶴, “Cherishing the Crane [of Longevity].” A man of Si zhou 泗州, now Su yuan 宿遠 in Jiang su 江蘇. Author of the → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方. LSZ refers to him as Dong Bing [15], Dong shi 董氏, “Mr. Dong” [3], and in SE fu ling 茯苓 erroneously as Ge Bing 革炳 [1]. Dong Bing fang 董炳方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 Dong Bing yan fang 董炳驗方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 Dong du fu 東都賦 → Dong jing fu 東京賦 Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記, “records of the Han from the Eastern Library” Later Han 漢 dynasty historical work. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” The “Eastern Library” (dong guan 東觀) was a central chamber in the palace at Luo yang 洛陽, where the imperial historiographers worked. The Dong guan Han ji is therefore an official history of the Eastern Han dynasty written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Its compilation was begun under Emperor Ming 明 (r. 58-76) and continued under subsequent reigns, down to the periods of Emperors Huan 桓 and Ling 靈 (147-189). Participating in the compilation were → Ban Gu 班固, Liu Zhen 劉 珍, Li You 李尤, → Fu Wuji 伏無忌, Bian Shao 邊韶, → Cui Shi 崔寔, Yan Du 延篤, Ma Ridi 馬日磾, → Cai Yong 蔡邕, and others. 143 juan, with the material still not finalized at the end of the dynasty. The original work was lost, but extensive fragments are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and many other books. In his main text, LSZ quotes the Dong guan Han ji [1], and a Dong guan ji 東觀記, “Records of the Eastern Library,” [1], taking his material from the Tai ping yu lan. In his bibliographical sections (and the main text), by contrast, he refers to a Dong guan mi ji 東觀秘記,“Secret Records of the Eastern Library,” [2] and omits any reference to a Dong guan Han ji. The Dong guan mi ji quotation in the main text is also taken from the Tai ping yu

106 lan, which labels the material Han dong yuan mi ji 漢東園秘記, “Secret Records from the Eastern Gardens of the Han.” The Tai ping yu lan lists three books of similar titles in its bibliographical sections, i.e., the Dong guan Han ji (cited 393 times in the main text), a Han dong yuan mi ji (cited once), and a Dong yuan mi ji 東園秘記, “Secret Records of the Eastern Gardens,” (cited once). Considering their contents and time of compilation, it is quite possible that all three titles refer to one and the same book. LSZ probably altered the Dong yuan mi ji of the Tai ping yu lan to read Dong guan mi ji. Dong guan ji 東觀記 → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記 Dong guan mi ji 東觀秘記 → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記 dong Han He di 東漢和帝 → Han He di 漢和帝 Dong Han shu 東漢書 → Hou Han shu 後漢書  dong Jing 董京 Western Jin 晉 Daoist, fl. 2nd half of the 3rd century. Style name Weinian 威輦 (incorrect AV Weibei 威輩). Resided at Bai she 白社 in Luoyang 洛陽. Legend has it that he was good at avoiding the consumption of grain to gain immortality. → Ge Hong 葛洪 in his → Baopu zi 抱朴子  records a dietetic recipe associated with him, and LSZ takes this over, erroneously calling him Dong Wei 董威 [1] in SE shui zhong bai shi 水中白石. Dong jing fu 東京賦, “rhapsody on the Eastern Capital” Han 漢 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Zhang Heng 張衡. The Eastern Capital is present-day Luo yang 洛陽, which was the capital city during the Eastern Han. The → ZLBC quotes this poem, and LSZ takes the material over in SE gu chao 鶻嘲, erroneously referring to the poem as Dong du fu 東都賦, “Rhapsody on the Eastern Capital,” [1]. dong Junyi 董君異 [1] Han 漢 dynasty immortal. The → Baopu zi 抱朴子  records a story about him, and LSZ takes this over in SE yu 玉. Dong ming ji 洞冥記, “records of Entering the Netherworld” [7] Lost collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Han Wu dong ming ji 漢武洞冥記, “Records of [Emperor] Wu of Han Entering the Netherworld,” Han Wu di bie guo dong ming ji 漢武帝別國洞冥記, “Records of Emperor Wu of Han in Other Countries and Entering the Netherworld.” Attributed to a Guo shi 郭氏, “Mr. Guo,” or, in the Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書 經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang,” to → Guo Xian 郭憲 of the Eastern Han 漢. Some also consider the text a Six Dynasties forgery. 1 juan (AV 4 juan). The book discusses the Daoist arts of the immortals and miraculous things. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 quotes two fragments. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Dong shan jing 東山經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 dong shi 董氏 → Dong Bing 董炳

107 Dong shi fang 董氏方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 Dong shi ji yan fang 董氏集驗方 → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方 dong Shigu 董士固 [1] Daoist immortal, said to have suggested ingesting wu jia 五加 and di yu 地榆 to promote longevity. LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites this story from an assumed → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經 in SE wu jia 五加. dong Shouyue 董守約 [1] Southern Song 宋 person, fl during the chun xi 淳熈 reign period（1174-1189). When he once suffered from “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣), he applied a pulp produced from river snails to his two thighs and was relieved. The → Yi shuo 醫説 takes this story from the → Lei bian 類編, and LSZ cites it second hand but gives the → Bai shi 稗史 as his source in SE tian luo 田螺. Dong tian bao sheng lu 洞天保生錄, “records of Entering Heaven and Preserving Life” [4] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ does not provide any name of an author, and the original book seems lost. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, all of the material relating to pharmaceutical substances for health protection. Whether he used the original book or cited it second hand could not be ascertained. Dong tian lu 洞天錄 → Dong tian qing lu 洞天清錄 Dong tian qing lu 洞天清錄, “Pure records of Entering Heaven” Title of a book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by → Zhao Xihu 趙希鵠. DC jia xi 嘉熙 to chun you 淳祐 reign periods (1237-1252). LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text, erroneously calling it Dong tian lu 洞天 錄, “Records of Entering Heaven,” [2]. dong Wei 董威 → Dong Jing 董京 Dong wei zhi 洞微志, “records of How to Penetrate Subtlety” [2] Lost Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記) on supernatural things. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by Qian Yi 錢易. 10 juan (AV 3 juan). The author Qian Yi, style name Xibai 希白, was a man of Qian tang 錢塘, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He passed the jin shi examinations between 998 and 1003 and among other posts held that of a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. In addition to writing the Dong wei zhi, Qian also wrote the Nan bu xin shu 南部 新書, “New Book of the Ministry of Southern Relations,” and other books. The Dong wei zhi records strange and miraculous things from late Tang 唐 to Northern Song. Fragments are found in the → Shuo fu 説郛 and a few in the → ZLBC. LSZ lists the book in his bibliography without giving the name of the author. In his main text he quotes a fragment, which is apparently taken from the Shuo fu, since the same story is less detailed in the ZLBC. Dong yang fang 東陽方 → Fan Dongyang fang 范東陽方

108 dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 (179-104) [1] Western Han 漢 philosopher who proposed the doctrine of interaction of heaven and man (tian ren gan ying 天人感應). Author of the Chun qiu fan lu 春秋繁 露, “Abundant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals,” and other books. LSZ quotes a commentary of his in SE chi xiao dou 赤小豆 but fails to indicate its source. Dong zi 董子, “Master dong” [4] Lost philosophical work. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Attributed to philosopher Dong Wuxin 董無心 of the Warring States period. 1 juan. The book was a refutation of Mohist doctrine. Various fragments are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites it in the main text when discussing the naming of three pharmaceutical substances. Other books, however, trace back the same material on shao yao 芍藥 and xuan cao 萱草 to the → Gu jin zhu 古今注  and the material on sheep (yang 羊) to the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  without ever referring to any Dong zi. Moreover, in ancient works the name Dong zi mostly refers to → Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒. It is therefore difficult to determine which source exactly LSZ took his Dong zi material from. dongbi 東璧 → Li Shizhen 李時珍 Dongfang Qiu fu 東方虯賦, “rhapsody by dongfang Qiu” [1] Designation for the Qiu jin fu 蚯蚓賦, “Earthworm Rhapsody,” a Tang 唐 dynasty fu 賦 written by the poet Dongfang Qiu 東方虯. Dongfang was a historian during the era of Wu Zetian 武則天 (→ Wu hou 武候) and noted for his shi 詩 and fu poetry. His Qiu jing fu is preserved in the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, which is apparently the source of LSZ’s material. dongfang Shuo 東方朔 (154-93 BC) [13] Scholar of the Western Han 漢 dynasty. Style name Manqian 曼倩, a man of Yan ci 厭次 in Ping yuan 平原, situated in the northeast of present-day Hui min 惠民 county in Shan dong 山東. He held a high post under Emperor Wu 武 and is said to have had a humorous side to his personality. Some 20 works are attributed to him by the Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han,” and other sources, but all are now lost. Extant works attributed to Dongfang Shuo are believed to be forgeries. These include the → Shen yi jing 神異經, the Hai nei shi zhou ji 海內十洲記, “Records of Ten Islands Within the Sea,” ( → Shi zhou ji 十洲記), and the → Lin yi ji 林邑記. LSZ, in addition to citing these as works of Dongfang Shuo, also quotes the → Dongfang Shuo zhuan 東方朔傳 and the → Dongfang Shuo bie zhuan 東方朔別 傳 from other books. Dongfang Shuo bie zhuan 東方朔別傳, “Supplementary Biography of dongfang Shuo” [1] Essay quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. The time of composition or authorship is uncertain, but the association with Dongfang Shuo

109 is most probably false. LSZ cites the work in connection with the use of crocodile bone marrow (jiao long sui 蛟龍髓) as a facial treatment and to ease births. Dongfang Shuo zhuan 東方朔傳, “Biography of dongfang Shuo” [2] Biography of → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔. The first passage quoted by LSZ is found in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 in a biography of Dongfang Shuo. The second quote is taken from the Xi Han wen ji 西漢文紀, “Literary Annals of Western Han,” which cites a text called Jian qi shang lin yuan 諫起上林苑, “Admonishing the Climb to the Upper Forest Park,” and attributes it to Dongfang Shuo. Both quotations can be found in the biography of Dongfang Shuo in the → Han shu 漢書, but since the wording is rather different there, it seems that the Han shu is not where LSZ got his quotations from. Donghua zhenren zhu shi fa 東華真人煮石法 → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東 華真人煮石經 Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經, “Method for Stone Cooking by the Perfected One donghua” Fictitious Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The ZLBC lists the book in its bibliographical sections and cites one fragment in its main text, which LSZ takes over in his own main text. In his bibliographical sections, however, LSZ renders the title Donghua zhenren zhu shi fa 東華真人煮石法, “Method for Stone Cooking by the Perfected One Donghua,” [1]. After quoting the Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing [1] in SE wu jia pi 五加皮, he also cites a story about the mother of → Lu Ding gong 魯定公 (→ Lu Ding gong mu 魯定公母). Both fragments are actually from the Tang 唐 dynasty Shen xian fu er dan shi xing yao fa 神仙服餌丹石行藥法, “Divine Immortals’ Methods of Ingesting Elixirs and Minerals and Applying Pharmaceutics,” preserved in the Dong xuan 洞玄, “Cavern of Mystery,” section of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). The ZLBC distinguishes both stories from each other by labeling them Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing and Lu Ding gong, but neither the Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing nor the Lu Ding gong ji 魯定公記, “Record of Duke Ding of Lu,” (listed in the ZLBC’s bibliography as a source) are actually proper book titles. The ZLBC fragment that LSZ takes over also refers to various immortals associated with alchemical and dietetic recipes, such as → Wang Chang 王常, → Meng Chuozi 孟綽子, → Dong Shigu 董士固, → Zhang Zisheng 張子聲, → Yang Jianshi 楊建始, → Wang Shucai 王叔才, and → Yu Shiyan 於世彥. dongpo 東坡 → Su Shi 蘇軾 Dongpo jia cang fang 東坡家藏方 → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方 Dongpo liang fang 東坡良方 → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方 Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集, “Collection of the Poetry of [Su] dongpo” Collection of poetry by → Su Shi 蘇軾. LSZ lists the book as Dongpo shi ji [1] in his bibliographical sections, but in his main text refers either to the Su Dongpo shi ji 蘇東坡詩集, “Poetry Collection of Su Dongpo,” [1], or to the Su Dongpo ji 蘇東坡集, “Su Dongpo’s Collection,” [2]. Material on qiong tian cao 瓊田草 is found in the Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo,”

110 in an introduction to a poem by Tang 唐 poet Li Taibai 李太白 (→ Li Bai 李 白), so this must be the work LSZ is referring to. dongyuan 東垣 → Li Gao 李杲 Dongyuan fang 東垣方 → Li Gao 李杲 Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方, “Tested Efficacious recipes of [Li] dongyuan” Clinical text. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” AN Shi xiao fang 試效方, “Tested Efficacious Recipes,” and Dongyuan xiao yan fang 東垣效驗方, “Efficacious and Tried Recipes of [Li] Dongyuan,” in the Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Material transmitted from → Li Gao 李杲 (literary name Dongyuan 東 垣), recorded and edited by his disciple → Luo Tianyi 羅天益. DC 1266. 9 juan. LSZ cites the book as Dongyuan shi xiao fang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but elsewhere in his bibliography abbreviates the title as Shi xiao fang [1] and refers it to Li Gao’s disciple (men ren 門人). Dongyuan zhen zhu nang 東垣珍珠囊, “The Pearl Bag of [Li] dongyuan” Book on pharmaceutical substances. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to → Li Gao 李杲 (literary name Dongyuan 東垣). DC Yuan 元. LSZ thought that this was a later versification of the → Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊 created to facilitate memorization and wrongly attributed to Li Dongyuan. Indeed, the work includes many parallel rhymes on the application of pharmaceutical substances. During the Ming 明 dynasty the Dongyuan zhen zhu nang was combined with a Yao xing fu 藥性賦, “Rhapsody on the Nature of Medicinals,” and other texts to create the Zhen zhu nang bu yi yao xing fu 珍珠囊補遺藥性賦, “The Pearl Bag, Supplemented with Rhapsody on the Nature of Medicinals.” This was wrongly attributed to Li Gao as well. LSZ refers to the Dongyuan zhen zhu nang [1] in the Jiegu zhen zhu nang entry in his bibliographical sections, and many quotes labeled Gao 杲 in the main text are taken from this book. dou Cangsou 竇藏叟 [1] Man who transmitted a recipe with a wei 阿魏 that cured → Tan Kui 譚逵 from malaria (nüe 瘧). Dou men 斗門 → Dou men fang 斗門方 Dou men fang 斗門方, “recipes of the Big dipper Gate” Anonymous medical recipe book. EE → TJBC. AN Dou men jing 斗門經, “Classic of the Big Dipper Gate.” DC Northern Song 宋 or before, size uncertain. The work is lost, but fragments are quoted in the TJBC and the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the work second hand as Dou men fang [49] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and as Dou men 斗門, “Big Dipper Gate,” [8]. He lists the Dou men jing [1] as a separate work in his bibliographical sections, but this is actually the same book. Dou men jing 斗門經 → Dou men fang 斗門方

111 dou shi 竇氏, “Mrs. dou” [1] Wife of → Liu An 柳岸, who suffered from “oral gan-illness” (kou gan 口疳) for 15 years but was cured by ingesting a decoction with shan li zi 山李子. LSZ cites this in SE shu li 鼠李. Dou zhen ba shi yi lun 痘疹八十一論, “81 discourses on Smallpox Papules” Southern Song 宋 pediatric text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Wen Rengui 聞 人規. DC 1232. 3 juan (AV 2 juan, 4 juan). The book is a revision and correction of a pediatric text by Zhang Shidao 張師道, focusing on 81 difficult issues. LSZ cites the book as Dou zhen ba shi yi lun [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text but mainly refers to it as Dou zhen lun 痘疹論, “Discourse on Smallpox Papules,” [6]. Dou zhen bian lan 痘疹便覽, “Convenient Guide to Smallpox Papules” Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhang Qingchuan 張清川. Further details are unavailable. The Ming Mai wang guan shu mu 脈望館書目, “Catalogue of the Bookworm School,” lists five works of the title Dou zhen bian lan fang lun 痘疹便覽方論, “Discourses and Recipes from the Convenient Guide to Smallpox Papules” and two called Dou zhen bian lan without providing any names of the authors. LSZ cites the book as Dou zhen bian lan [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and as Bian lan 便覽, “Convenient Guide,” [1]. It is uncertain whether or not the → Dou zhen bian lan fang 痘疹便覽方 of → Zhang Degong 張德恭 (possibly identical with Zhang Qingchuan) cited elsewhere is the same book. Dou zhen bian lan fang 痘疹便覽方, “recipes from the Convenient Guide to Smallpox Papules” [2] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhang Degong 張德恭. Although referring to the book in his main text, LSZ fails to list it in his bibliographical sections. This book may or may not be the same book as the → Dou zhen bian lan 痘疹便覽 of the otherwise unknown → Zhang Qingchuan 張清川. Dou zhen fang 痘疹方, “recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules” [2] Source text of medical recipes. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections, but the material in the main text of the BCGM resembles passages quoted in the → Xiao er dou zhen fang 小兒痘疹方 and the → Pu ji fang 普濟 方. To which source LSZ is referring to remains uncertain. Dou zhen guan jian 痘疹管見, “My Humble Opinion on Smallpox Papules” Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text on “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹). FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Dou zhen zheng zong 痘疹正宗, “Orthodox School of Smallpox Papule [Medicine].” Written by → Gao Wu 高武. DC 1559. 4 juan. Gao draws upon the classical writers to elucidate his subject. LSZ cites it as Dou zhen guan jian [3], as Dou zhen zheng zong [2], or referring to the author’s name, Gao Wu [1], only. In his bibliographi-

112 cal sections, when listing the name Dou zhen guan jian, LSZ notes that the book is also called Zheng zong 正宗, “Orthodox School,” [1]. Dou zhen jing yan fang 痘疹經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules” [1] Medical recipe book not listed in any bibliographical source. Author and contents unknown. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliography but cites one recipe from it in the main text in SE tian ling gai 天靈蓋. Dou zhen lun 痘疹論 → Dou zhen ba shi yi lun 痘疹八十一論 Dou zhen yao jue 痘疹要訣, “Essential Instructions for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules” [2] Lost, anonymous pediatric text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” DC uncertain. 4 juan. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Dou zhen yuan yuan 痘疹淵源, “deep Origins of Smallpox Papules” [1] Lost Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Li Shi 李實. Further details are lacking, the book is neither listed in any of the standard bibliographies, nor are any fragments cited in later works. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not appear to have used its contents. Dou zhen zheng zhi 痘疹證治, “Patterns and Treatment of Smallpox Papules” [2] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric monograph on “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹). See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by LSZ’s father → Li Yanwen 李言聞. Further details are unavailable. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Dou zhen zheng zong 痘疹正宗 → Dou zhen guan jian 痘疹管見 du Bao 杜寶 [10] Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. early 7th century. He originally served the Sui 隋 as a scholar and subsequently received a court appointment under the Tang. He participated in the compilation of the → Sui shu 隋書 and wrote the → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄 to make up for omissions in the Sui shu concerning Emperor Yang 煬 of Sui. du chang wang 都昌王, “Prince of du chang” [1] This is Zhu Zaiyong 朱載塎, a Ming 明 dynasty prince and member of the imperial clan who resided in Qi zhou 蘄州. During the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567), he was enfeoffed as prince of the vassal state of Du chang 都昌. According to LSZ, he loved to ingest drugs of a hot nature such as processed aconite (fu zi 附子) and sulphur (liu huang 硫磺) because his body was emaciated and cold. Du duan 獨斷, “deciding alone” [1] Eastern Han 漢 book. FE bibliographical treatise of the Yu hai 玉海, “Jade Ocean.” Written by → Cai Yong 蔡邕. 2 juan. The text is a record of the rules for

113 ritual and music, the geneaology of Han emperors, and other topics, extending from the time of Emperor Gao zu 高祖 to the reign of Emperor Ling 靈 and covering the years 206 BCE to 172 CE. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections but not in the main text. du Fu 杜甫 (712-770) Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Zimei 子美. His ancestors were originally from Xiang yang 襄陽 in Hu bei 湖北, but Du’s great-grandfather moved to Gong xian 鞏縣, now Gong yi 鞏義 in He nan 河南. During the reign of → Tang Su zong 唐肅宗 (r. 756-762), Du Fu held the post of Reminder of the Left (zuo shi yi 左拾遺), after which he was called Du shi yi 杜拾遺, “Du the Reminder.” Later he served at the Ministry of Works (gong bu 工部) and thus became known as Du gong bu 杜工部, “Du from the Ministry of Works.” Du wrote a great deal of poetry, and from Song times on he was respectfully styled the Poet Sage (shi sheng 詩聖). There is a Du gong bu ji 杜工部集, “Collection of [Mr.] Du from the Ministry of Works,” (→ Du Zimei ji 杜子美集). Citing poems from the collection, LSZ refers to Du as Du Fu [10] and as Du Zimei 杜子美 [1]. Du Fu shi 杜甫詩 → Du Zimei ji 杜子美集 du Gao 杜鎬 (938-1013) [1] Northern Song 宋 official and scholar. Style name Wenzhou 文周, a man of Wu xi 無錫 in Chang zhou 常州 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Du has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史. LSZ refers to Du Gao in a passage originally from the Tan yuan 談淵, “Depths of Conversation,” of Wang Tao 王陶, citing second hand from the → Shuo fu 説郛. du Guangting 杜光庭 (850-933) [1] Daoist priest and official of the late Tang 唐 and Five Dynasties period. Style name Shengbin 聖賓 (AV Binsheng 賓聖), literary name Guangcheng xiansheng 廣成先生, “Gentleman of Extensive Achievement.” A man of Jin yun 縉 云 in Chu zhou 處州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江 (AV from Chang an 長安, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西). After failing the imperial examinations, Du Guangting retired to Mount Tian tai 天台 to practice Daoism. He later held a religious court post under the Tang 唐 and accompanied Emperor Xi zong 僖 宗 to Si chuan 四川 during the time of the → Huang Chao 黃巢 rebellion. After this he was rewarded with other posts and the literary name Guangcheng xiansheng 廣成先生, “Gentleman of Extensive Achievement.” In his old age he became a recluse again. Du wrote poetry and published many spiritual stories to propagate Daoism. Of his writings the → Lu yi ji 錄異記  survives, and he is also attributed the Shen xian gan yu zhuan 神仙感遇傳, “Stories of Encounters with Divine Immortals,” (→ Shen xian gan ying pian 神仙感應篇). LSZ cites these texts without mentioning the author. He only connects Du to the → Yu han fang 玉函方, an anonymous and now lost recipe book of Jin 晉 times or before, which he apparently confuses with a book called Yu han jing 玉函經, “Classic of the Jade Case,” that was attributed to Du during Song 宋 times. Thus, LSZ’s only reference to Du Guangting is an erroneous one.

114 du Jiyang 杜季陽 [1] This is the style name of Du Wan 杜綰, a man of Northern Song 宋. Sometimes written Du Jiyang 杜季揚. Literary name Yunlin jushi 雲林居士, “Retired Scholar of Cloud Forest,” a man of Shan yin 山陰, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Author of the → Yunlin shi pu 雲林石譜. du Kang 杜康 → Shao Kang 少康 Du Lanxiang zhuan 杜蘭香傳, “Biography of du Lanxiang” [1] Jin 晉 dynasty text. Written by → Cao Pi 曹毗. The text narrates the story of the cordial relationship between the spirit girl Du Lanxiang 杜蘭香 and Zhang Shuo 張碩 said to have taken place in 316. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other works contain some fragments, and a summary of the text is found in the → Shuo fu 説郛. LSZ cites the text in SE shu yu 薯蕷. Du lun 篤論, “Honest discourses” [2] Lost book from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Du Shu 杜恕. 4 juan. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Pi ya 埤雅, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, probably taking his material from the Pi ya. du ren 杜壬 (11th century) Northern Song 宋 physician. No details about his life available. Author of a → Du Ren fang 杜壬方. The Bi shu lu hua 避暑錄話, “Recorded Talks from the Summer Resort,” (→ Bi shu lu 避暑錄) recounts a case record of Du’s involving the daughter-in-law of Hao Zhi 郝質, a Northern Song military officer (died 1078), and the first text to cite the Du Ren fang is the → ZLBC (DC 1098-1108), so Du Ren must have been a man of the 1st half to mid-11th century. A recipe associated with the → Hu yang gong zhu 湖陽公主 is an uncertain indicator of Du’s life dates, since that person cannot be identified reliably. Usually, Hu yang gong zhu is a reference to the elder sister of the Eastern Han 漢 emperor Guang Wu di 光武帝, but at that time the herb zhi qiao 枳殼 was not recorded. In the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM, LSZ refers to Du as Du Ren 杜壬 [9] but also erroneously as Du Ren 杜任 [1] in SE bi ma 蓖麻 and Du Ren 杜仁 [1] in SE qi 漆, mistakes that were corrected in later editions. du ren 杜任 → Du Ren 杜壬 du ren 杜仁 → Du Ren 杜壬 Du Ren fang 杜壬方, “recipes of du ren” [11] Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Written by → Du Ren 杜壬. DC 11th century. The ZLBC preserves 10 recipes from this book, and LSZ takes these over in his main text but fails to list the book in his bibliography. In the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM, the title is erroneously written Du Ren fang 杜任方 [1] in SE bi ma 蓖麻 and Du Ren fang 杜仁方 [1] in SE qi 漆, a mistake that was corrected in later editions.

115 Du Ren fang 杜任方 → Du Ren fang 杜壬方 Du Ren fang 杜仁方 → Du Ren fang 杜壬方 du Shanfang 杜善方 [1] Physician, fl. some time before the Song 宋 dynasty. A man of Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Author of the → Ben cao xing shi lei 本草性事 類, which was written during the late Tang 唐 or Five Dynasties period. du Shu 杜恕 (198-252) [2] Official from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Wubai 務伯, a man of Du ling 杜陵 in Jing zhao 京兆, now in the southeast of Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. He held official posts and was the author of the lost → Du lun 篤論, a Ti lun 體論, “Discourses on the Body,” and other books. du Sijing 杜思敬 (c. 1234-1316) [1] Yuan 元 dynasty medical expert. Literary name Baoshan laoren 寶善老人, “Precious and Good Old Man,” a man of Tong di 銅鞮, now Qin xian 沁縣 in Shan xi 山西. Author of the earliest collection of medical works, the → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方 published in 1315. du Taiqing 杜臺卿 [1] Scholar of the Northern Qi 齊 and Sui 隋 Dynasties. Style name Shaoshan 少 山, a man of Qu yang 曲陽 in Bo ling 博陵, now part of He bei 河北. Du held high posts at the imperial library of the Qi and the historiographers’ office of the Sui. He was the author of a Qi ji 齊記, “Records of Qi,” the → Yu zhu bao dian 玉燭寶典, and other books. Du xing fang 獨行方, “Single Substance recipes” [19] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Ji yan du xing fang 集驗獨行方, “Collected and Proven Single Substance Recipes.” Written by → Wei Zhou 韋宙. DC c. 9th century. 12 juan. The work was a collection of recipes considered proven by the author. Each recipe contained only a single pharmaceutical substance, thus the title. Fragments are found in the → TJBC, from which LSZ took his material. Du yang bian 杜陽編, “Compilation from du yang” [5] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Du yang za bian 杜陽雜編, “Miscellaneous Compilation from Du yang,” a Tang 唐 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Su E 蘇鶚. 3 juan. The book is named after the place where the author lived, Du yang 杜陽 in Wu gong 武功, now Xian yang 咸陽 in Shaan xi 陝西. The book primarily records strange stories from Tang times, from the beginning of the reign of → Tang Dai zong 唐代宗 to the end of the era of Yi zong 懿宗 (762-873). It records events of the time, stories from the frontier regions and from foreign countries about extraordinary things and rare skills, including many rumors and idle tales. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

116 Du yi zhi 獨異志, “records of uncommon Things” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Li Kang 李亢 (AV → Li Yuan 李元 , Li Rong 李冗). 10 juan. The book records stories and scraps of information from Tang times. The current version is incomplete and consists of 3 juan only. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but calls the author Li Yuan. The quotation in the main text can be found in the → Yi shuo 醫説, the → Jin xiu wan hua gu 錦繡萬花谷, and other books, so LSZ’s material might originate from any of these sources. du you 杜佑 (735-812) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, statesman, and writer. Style name Junqing 君卿, a man of Wan nian 萬年 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Du You entered imperial service through recommendation and went on to become the Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) of Ling nan 嶺南, Huai nan 淮南, and other places. He rose to very high positions at court, including that of Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) and was the author of the → Tong dian 通典, the first Chinese comprehensive administrative history to describe rules, regulations, and institutions of the Empire. du yu 杜預 (222-284) [3] Western Jin 晉 general and scholar. Style name Yuankai 元凱, a man of Du ling 杜陵 in Jing zhao 京兆, in the southeast of present-day Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. He held various high-ranking military posts. An expert in the → Zuo zhuan 左傳, he wrote the Chun qiu Zuo shi jing zhuan ji jie 春秋左氏經傳集 解, “Collected Explanations of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Classical Tradition of Mr. Zuo,” quoted by LSZ as → Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu 春秋 左傳注疏. du yu 杜宇 Legendary ruler of the ancient state of Shu 蜀. Towards the end of the Zhou 周 dynasty, he proclaimed himself emperor of Shu with the literary name Wang di 望帝, “Observing Emperor.” Later he retreated into seclusion, and when the people of Shu heard the call of a cuckoo (du juan 杜鵑), they thought it was Du Yu. Elsewhere it is said that his hun 魂 soul was transformed into a cuckoo. In any case, du yu 杜宇 as well as wang di 望帝 both remained alternative names for the cuckoo. LSZ rejected such stories of transformation as absurd hearsay, explaining that, rather, these names imitate the sounds emitted by the chirping of these birds in local dialects. He refers to the emperor as Du Yu [5] and Wang di [2] in SE du juan 杜鵑. du Zhenglun 杜正倫 (died 658) Early Tang 唐 high official. A man of Huan shui 洹水 in Xiang zhou 相州. He served as official under the Sui 隋. Later, → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 was informed about him and awarded him with the post of Vice Director of the Ministry of War (bing bu yuan wai lang 兵部員外郎). He was promoted to be Secretariat Director (zhong shu ling 中書令) and enfeoffed as Duke of Xian yang County (Xian yang xian gong 襄陽縣公). LSZ cites two of Du’s remarks on pharma-

117 ceutical drugs and a recipe associated with him from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草 拾遺, referring to him as Du Zhenglun [2] and erroneously as Du Zhenglun 杜 正論 [1]. du Zhenglun 杜正論 → Du Zhenglun 杜正倫 Du Zhenglun fang 杜正倫方, “recipe of du Zhenglun” [1] Recipe associated with → Du Zhenglun 杜正倫, not the name of a book. du Zhong 杜仲 [1] Usually the name of a pharmaceutical drug (the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), but in SE du zhong 杜仲 the name of a Daoist of ancient times. LSZ writes: “In ancient times Du Zhong ingested this and attained the Dao. It has thus been named after him.” du Zimei 杜子美 → Du Fu 杜甫 Du Zimei ji 杜子美集, “Collection of du Zimei” This is LSZ’s name for some edition of the Du gong bu ji 杜工部集, “Collection of [Mr.] Du from the Ministry of Works,” a collection of writings of the Tang 唐 poet → Du Fu 杜甫 (c. 712-770). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN there Du Fu ji 杜 甫集, “Collection of Du Fu.” Originally 60 juan, but this early edition was lost. The early Northern Song 宋 scholar Wang Zhu 王洙 compiled a manuscript version in 20 juan, which was supplemented with one juan and printed in 1059 by his son Wang Qi 王淇. All other Song editions go back to this text, and various annotated editions with similar titles were produced afterwards on the basis of the Song editions. LSZ lists a Du Zimei ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to the collection directly in the main text. He does, however, cite poems of Du Fu as Du Fu shi 杜甫詩, “Poems of Du Fu,” [6], → Xie shi 薤 詩, or as → Chu qian cao shi 除䕭草詩. He also associates some material with the name of Du Fu [3] directly. duan Chengshi 段成式 (803-863) [66] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar. Style name Kegu 柯古, a man of Lin zi 臨淄, now part of Zi bo 淄博 in Shan dong 山東. Duan apparently was a very studious man and held various court posts. He was also made prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Ji zhou 吉 州 but later retired to Xiang yang 襄陽, where he devoted himself to literature, Buddhist literature in particular. Duan was the author of the →You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 and other books. duan Gonglu 段公路 (9th Century) Man of the Tang 唐 dynasty. A man of Lin zi 臨淄 in present-day Shan dong 山東. He flourished during the time of Emperor Yi zong 懿宗 (860-873) and served as District Defender (xian wei 縣尉) of Wan nian 萬年 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. While traveling in the Ling nan 嶺南 area, he recorded his experiences to create the → Bei hu lu 北戶錄. LSZ refers to him as Duan Gonglu [12] and Duan shi 段氏, “Mr. Duan,” [2]. duan shi 段氏 → Duan Gonglu 段公路

118 Duan shi bei hu lu 段氏北戶錄 → Bei hu lu 北戶錄 Duan xiao fang 端效方, “Truly Efficacious recipes” [3] Lost Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書 目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by Shi Yuan 施圓. 3 juan. Material from the text is preserved in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, the Yi fang lei ju 醫方類聚, “Categorized Collection of Medical Recipes,” and the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” the latter two of which were not available to LSZ. Even though the recipes quoted by LSZ as from the Duan xiao fang appear in the Pu ji fang as well, they are not labeled Duan xiao fang there, so LSZ might have got his material from the original book. About the author nothing is known. Since his book is already cited in the Yuan period Daoyuan xue gu lu 道園學古錄, “Ancient Records of Daoyuan the Scholar,” of Yu Ji 虞集 (1272-1348), it is obvious that Shi Yuan must have lived during or before the time of Yu Ji. duan you 段祐 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general, fl. during the reign of Emperor → Xian zong 憲宗 (r. 806-820). The supplementary collection of the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 records the story of Duan You burning wolf tendons to detect a thief. LSZ cites the story second hand from the → Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志 in SE lang 狼. dugu Ne 獨孤訥 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Served as Libationer (ji jiu 祭酒). The → Bi xiao fang 必效方 cites a recipe of his to cure postpartum dysentery, and LSZ takes this over in SE sang du chong 桑蠹虫. dugu Tao 獨孤滔 [35] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist alchemist. Literary name Zige shansou 紫閣山叟, “Old Man of Mount Zi ge.” Author of the → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 or, more properly, Dan fang jian yuan 丹房鑒源, “Mirror Origin of the Cinnabar Chamber.” LSZ cites this work, sometimes referring to Dugu Tao’s name alone. Dugu Tao dan shu 獨孤滔丹書 → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 Dun jia Kai shan tu 遁甲開山圖, “Chart to Open the Mountains by use of [the Technique of the Wondrous Gate and] Hidden Shield” Lost book, sometimes written Dun jia Kai shan tu 遯甲開山圖. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Text or sometimes only the annotations attributed to one → Rong shi 榮氏. DC Jin 晉 dynasty or before. 3 juan. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Dun jia kai shan tu [2] and Kai shan tu 開山圖, “Chart to Open the Mountains,” [1]. He takes his material from the Tai ping yu lan in SE yun shi, yu hu 雲師, 雨虎, and from the → Shui jing zhu 水經注 in SE bu hui mu 不灰木.

119 Dun jia shu 遁甲書, “Book on [the Technique of the Wondrous Gate and] Hidden Shield” [2] Uncertain ancient book on fortune-telling. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” which lists dozens of books of that name. LSZ cites a Dun jia shu in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but it is impossible to determine which book exactly he is referring to. The material he quotes is found in the Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” the → Pi ya 埤雅, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books, so that LSZ had ample opportunities to borrow his text and probably did not use the original book. Dun zhai xian lan 遯齋閑覽, “Idle Views from a Secluded Study” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Dun zhai xian lan 遁齋閑覽, “Idle Views from a Secluded Study.” Written by → Chen Zhengmin 陳正敏 (incorrect AV Fan Zhengmin 范正敏). DC 1102-1110. 3 juan (AV 14 juan). The author recorded things he saw and heard to produce this book. It is divided into ten chapters on customs and geographical surroundings, animals and plants, etc. LSZ cites the book as Dun zhai xian lan 遯齋閑覽 [3] and as Dun zhai xian lan 遁齋閑覽 [1] but only refers to the author in the main text. Dun zhai xian lan 遁齋閑覽 → Dun zhai xian lan 遯齋閑覽 Duo neng bi shi 多能鄙事, “Various abilities in rustic Matters” Early Ming 明 agricultural book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Liu Ji 劉基 (→ Liu Bowen 劉伯溫). 12 juan. The work is also believed to be a compilation derived from the → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用 by an author of the middle period of the Ming dynasty, but this is unlikely. The title of the book is a reference to a line in the Lun yu 論語, “Analects,” of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子): “When I was young, I was also lowly, therefore I had many abilities in rustic matters.” The book is divided into ten sections on food and drink, pharmaceuticals, clothing, farming and gardening, livestock raising, divination, etc. LSZ refers to the book as Duo neng bi shi [23], as Bi shi 鄙事, “Rustic Matters,” [1] and as Duo neng fang 多能方, “Recipes of Various Abilities,” [1]. Duo neng fang 多能方 → Duo neng bi shi 多能鄙事

-EE niao lun 惡鳥論 → Cao Zijian ji 曹子建集 Er nan bao jian 二難寶鑒, “Precious Mirror of the Two difficult [Branches of Medicine]” [1] Ming 明 dynasty combined gynecological and pediatric text. FE Mai wang guan shu mu 脈望館書目, “Catalogue of the Bookworm School.” Written by Li Xing

120 李滎. DC 1542. 2 juan. The book is a combination of the Gui men bao jian 閨門寶 鑒, “Precious Mirror of the Women’s Quarters,” and the Bo ai xin jian cuo yao 博 愛心鑒撮要, “Synopsis of the Heart Mirror of Universal Love.” Of these books, the first was written by Li Xing himself, and the second consists of a 2 juan abstract, probably by Li Xing, of the → Bo ai xin jian 博愛心鑒 of → Wei Zhi 魏 直. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections without naming an author and does not cite it in the main text. The author Li Xing, style name Lanxi 嵐溪, literary name Qiaoyang zi 樵陽子, “Master of the Light of Firewood,” was a man of Shao wu 邵武 in Fu jian 福建. Fl. during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). He was an expert in medical theory. Apart from the above mentioned books, he compiled the Xin yin gan zhu jing 心印紺珠經, “Classic of the Purple Pearl Imprinted in the Heart.” Er ya 爾雅, “Examples of refined usage” [429] China’s earliest dictionary. Its compilation was begun at the beginning of the Han 漢 dynasty and was successively continued after that, using various texts written before the period of the individual compilers. The current edition consists of 19 chapters in 3 juan. Later scholars used the Er ya to interpret Confucian writings, so from Tang 唐 and Song 宋 times on it was considered one of the 13 classics. The work was annotated by various authors. When listing the expanded commentary → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏 in his bibliography, LSZ lists → Li Xun 李巡, → Guo Pu 郭璞, and → Xing Bing 邢昺 as commentators. He frequently uses the Er ya for explanations throughout the BCGM (referring to the dictionary’s individual sections Shi cao 釋草, “Explanations of Herbs,” [1], Shi shou 釋獸, “Explanations of Quadrupeds,” [1], and Shi mu 釋木, “Explanations of Trees,” [1] by name) and cites the annotations and commentaries of Li Xun, Guo Pu, and Xing Bing as well. He also uses another commentary, the → Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義 of → Sun Yan 孫炎. There is one citation which refers the Er ya to → Luo Yuan 羅願, but this is actually a reference to the much later → Er ya yi 爾雅翼. Er ya shu 爾雅疏, “Commentary on the Er ya” [2] Northern Song 宋 commentary on the → Er ya 爾雅, an expansion to the → Er ya zhu 爾雅注  of → Guo Pu 郭璞. The text is also known under the collective name → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Xing Bing 邢昺 on imperial orders. 10 juan (AV as Er ya zhu shu 11 juan). LSZ lists the Er ya zhu shu in his bibliography, referring it to the three commentators → Li Xun 李巡, Guo Pu, and Xing Bing, and cites the Er ya shu directly in the main text twice. Er ya yi 爾雅翼, “Wings to the Er ya” Song 宋 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Compiled by → Luo Yuan 羅願 with explanations on pronunciation added during the Yuan 元 period by Hong Yanzu 洪焱祖. 22 juan. The text focuses on plants and animals and is divided into six sections on herbs, trees, birds, animals, worms/bugs, and fish, imitating the → Er ya 爾雅 in style. LSZ cites the book as Er ya yi [37] and as Luo Yuan Er ya 羅願

121 爾雅, “Luo Yuan’s Er ya,” [1]. He also frequently refers to the book’s contents by the name of the author alone as Luo Yuan [20] or Luo shi 羅氏, “Mr. Luo,” [6]. Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義, “Correct Meanings in the Er ya” 3rd century commentary on the → Er ya 爾雅. EE → Pi ya 埤雅. AN Er ya yin yi 爾雅音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning in the Er ya.” Written by → Sun Yan 孫炎 from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. LSZ cites the text as Er ya zheng yi [3] in his bibliography and the main text and also quotes it as Zheng yi 正義, “Correct Meanings,” [1] by Sun Yan, as Sun Yan zhu 孫炎 注, “Sun Yan’s Annotations,” [9], as Sun Yan zhu Er ya 孫炎注爾雅, “Sun Yan’s Annotations to the Er ya,” [2], or using the author’s name, Sun Yan [6], alone. Er ya zhu 爾雅注, “annotations to the Er ya”  Earliest surviving commentary on the → Er ya 爾雅. Written by → Guo Pu 郭璞. DC 4th century. The extant version in 3 juan is now included in the Shi san jing zhu shu 十三經注疏, “Annotations and Commentaries to the Thirteen Classics.” LSZ cites the book as Er ya zhu [12], as Guo shi zhu Er ya 郭氏注爾 雅, “Mr. Guo’s Annotations to the Er ya,” [1], as Guo Pu zhu Er ya 郭璞注爾雅, “Guo Pu’s Annotations to the Er ya,” [25], as Guo zhu 郭注, “Guo’s Annotations,” [6], and as Guo Pu zhu 郭璞注, “Guo Pu’s Annotations,” [37].  Lost Eastern Han 漢 commentary on the → Er ya 爾雅. Written by → Li Xun 李巡. Fragments of the text were included in the later → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅 注疏 of → Guo Pu 郭璞 and → Xing Bing 邢昺. LSZ does not refer explicitly to an Er ya zhu of Li’s but lists Li as one of the commentators of the Er ya zhu shu in the BCGM bibliography and quotes an annotation of his under the name Li Xun [1] in the main text. Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏, “annotations and Commentary to Er ya” [1] Collective name for the → Er ya shu 爾雅疏 and the → Er ya zhu 爾雅注 , the former text including the latter. Erzhu xiansheng 耳珠先生, “Gentleman Erzhu” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist. Attributed to him is a method for securing teeth (→ Erzhu xiansheng jue 耳珠先生訣). No further details available. Erzhu xiansheng jue 耳珠先生訣, “Formula of the Gentleman Erzhu” Dental method. The → ZLBC quotes a method (fa 法) of Erzhu for securing teeth and lists a text called Erzhu xiansheng fa 耳珠先生法, “Methods of the Gentleman Erzhu,” in its bibliography. LSZ takes this over as Erzhu xiansheng jue in his bibliographical sections and describes the same method as the ZLBC in his main text. No text of the name Erzhu xiansheng fa or Erzhu xiansheng jue is known, so Erzhu xiansheng jue is apparently not the name of a book but only a designation for the one particular dental method described here.

122

-FFa hua jing 法華經, “dharma Flower Sutra” (Lotus Sutra) [4] Buddhist text. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” This is a Buddhist sutra using the lotus as an anology for Buddhist teaching. There are three translations of the Fa hua jing, the most famous one is the 7 juan Miao fa hua lian jing 妙法華蓮經, “Miraculous Dharma Flower Lotus Sutra,” of Kumarajiva that was brought to completion during the Later Qin 秦 dynasty (384-417). The Lotus Sutra is the main canonical writing for Tian tai 天台 Buddhism. Fa hui 發揮 → Ben cao fa hui 本草發揮 Fa ming zheng zhi 發明證治, “Expounding disease Signs and Treatment” Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive medical book. See bibliography of the BCGM, also mentioned in the Tian yi ge cang shu mu lu 天一閣藏書目錄, “Catalogue of the Heaven One Pavilion Library.” Written by He Jingcai 何經才 (→ He Daying 何大英). DC 1531. 10 juan. The Fa ming zheng zhi is divided up into three texts: The first is called Fa ming zheng zhi, it discusses disease signs and pharmaceutical treatment and is divided into chapters on pathogenic influences like wind, cold, summerheat, dampness, dryness, and fire. The second is the Jing yi yu lu 精義語錄, “Record of Conversations on Refined Meaning,” devoted to disease mechanisms and life cultivation. The third text is called Nan shi xin shu 南 市心術, “Core Arts of the Southern City,” and deals with acumoxa therapy and related topics. The whole collection is named after the first volume. The extant edition is incomplete. LSZ cites the book as Fa ming zheng zhi [1], as Zheng zhi fa ming 證治發明, “Expounding of Disease Signs and Treatment,” [1], or by the author’s style name He Daying [2]. Fa sheng tang fang 法生堂方 → Fa sheng tang jing yan fang 法生堂經驗方 Fa sheng tang jing yan fang 法生堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Fa sheng Hall” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Details are unavailable. LSZ cites the book as Fa sheng tang jing yan fang [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Fa sheng tang fang 法生堂方, “Recipes of Fa sheng Hall,” [1] in the main text. Fa tian sheng yi 法天生意, “Vitality from Following the Heavenly Laws” [4] Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Kuixuan zi 窺玄子. Further details unavailable. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and takes three single ingredient recipes from it. Fa tie 法帖, “Model Calligraphies” Carved reproductions or books of rubbings of famous calligraphy. LSZ traces the origin of the alternative name lai qin 來禽 for lin qin 林檎 (crab apple) to a Fa tie [1]. This is a reference to the famous Lai qin tie 來禽帖, “Lai qin Calligra-

123 phy Model,” of → Wang Xizhi 王羲之, which LSZ also refers to as Wang Xizhi tie 王羲之帖, “Calligraphy Model of Wang Xizhi,” [1]. Fa xiang 法象 → Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象 Fa yan 法言, “Model Words” [1] Western Han 漢 dynasty philosophical book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Yang zi fa yan 揚子法 言, “Model Words of Master Yang.” Written by → Yang Xiong 揚雄 (AV Yang Xiong 楊雄). 13 juan. The book imitates the Lun yu 論語, “Analects,” in style and focuses on Confucian doctrine but includes Daoist ideas as well. LSZ cites the work in his main text only. Fan a 樊阿 [4] Physician from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. A man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. In his youth he is said to have studied medicine with → Hua Tuo 華佗 and to have obtained from him a “powder with laquer leaves and clear glue” (qi ye qing nian san 漆葉青黏散) that was supposed to strengthen the body. Events about Fan A’s life (→ Fan A zhuan 樊阿傳) are appended to the → Hua Tuo bie zhuan 華佗別傳 in the Wei zhi 魏 志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志). Pei Songzhi 裴鬆之, in his annotations to Hua Tuo’s biography, provides more detailed information about the laquer and glue powder. Fan A zhuan 樊阿傳, “Biography of Fan a” [1] Biography of → Fan A 樊阿 in the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) cited second hand from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 by LSZ in SE wei rui 萎蕤. Fan Chengda 范成大 (1126-1193) Southern Song 宋 poet. Style name Zhineng 致能, literary name Shihu jushi 石 湖居士, “Retired Scholar of Rock Lake.” A man of Wu xian 吳縣 in Su zhou 蘇州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇, jin shi during the shao xing 紹興 reign period (1131-1163). Fan held various local and national offices, and when accompanying officials recorded local information in some detail. He was skilled in shi 詩 and ci 詞 poetry. Fan has a literary collection, the Shihu jushi shi ji 石湖居士詩集, “Poetry Collection of the Retired Scholar of Rock Lake,” and was the author of the → Gui hai yu heng zhi 桂海虞衡志 and many other books. LSZ cites his → Shihu ji 石湖集, the Gui hai yu heng zhi, the → Ju pu 菊譜 , and the → Mei pu 梅譜. He refers to Fan as Fan Chengda [31], as Fan Zhineng 范致能 [1], incorrectly as Fan Zhineng 范至能 [2], as Fan Shihu 范石湖 [1], and as Fan shi 范 氏, “Mr. Fan,” [1]. Fan Chunyou 范純佑 (11th century) [1] Song 宋 dynasty official, the eldest son of Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹 (→ Fan gong 范公, 989-1052). Style name Tiancheng 天成, a man of Wu xian 吳縣, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. The → Song shi 宋史 has his biography. According to the Ji lei bian 雞肋編, “Chicken Rib Collection,” and the → Liao hua zhou xian lu 蓼花洲閑錄, his daughter once suffered from madness and was cured af-

124 ter ingesting peach blossoms. LSZ cites this story in SE tao 桃 but names the → Du yang bian 杜陽編 as his source, probably following a mistake in the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567) Gu jin shuo hai 古今説海, “Ocean of Tales from Ancient and Modern Times,” of Lu Ji 陸楫. Fan Chuo 樊綽 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. During the era of Yi zong 懿宗 (r. 860-873), Fan was a Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) in Ling nan 嶺南. Thus, he knew a lot about the customs and local products of the various peoples of nearby Yun nan 雲南, about which he wrote a Man shu 蠻書, “Book of the Southern Barbarians,” (AN → Yun nan zhi 雲南志). LSZ cites this book in his main text, but when quoting Fan Chuo himself, he does so while referring to a → Yun nan ji 雲 南記 instead of the Yun nan zhi, apparently confusing the Yun nan zhi with the Yun nan ji of → Yuan Zi 袁滋. Fan Dongyang fang 范東陽方, “recipes of Fan dongyang” Lost medical recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Fan Wang 范汪. DC 4th century. 170 juan. Fan once held the post of governor (tai shou 太守) of Dong yang 東陽 and was therefore called Fan Dongyang 范東陽. The book was one of the more important pharmaceutical works of the Jin 晉 dynasty and contained recipes considered proven as well as folk remedies or local treatment methods. Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the book second hand, referring to it as Fan Dongyang fang [2], as Fan Wang fang 范汪方, “Recipes of Fan Wang,” [35], as Dongyang fang 東陽方, “Recipes of from Dong yang,” [7], or simply using the name of the author Fan Wang [7]. Fan Fengyi 范奉議 [1] Southern Song 宋 physician. He once employed moxa cauterization to cure a Buddhist nun from a severe case of an “obstruction- and impediment-illness” (yong ju 癰疽). → Shi Yuan 史源 mentions him in the preface to his Zhi bei chuang fang 治背瘡方, “Recipes for Treating Sores on the Back,” and LSZ takes this over in SE hu 葫. Fan gong 范公, “Honorable Mr. Fan” [1] This is Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹 of the Song 宋 dynasty. Fan once governed a place called Qing zhou 青州 and gained a reputation for his benevolent government. Consequently, a spring near Qing zhou was named after him. Since doctors used the spring water to make pills, one of them is named “white pill of Qing zhou” (Qing zhou bai wan zi 青州白丸子). LSZ recounts this story. Fan Li 范蠡 Spring and Autumn period official. Style name Shaobo 少伯, a man of the state of Chu 楚, now Nan yang 南陽 in He nan 河南. He once helped the King of Yue 越 (→ Yue wang 越王 ) to destroy the state of Wu 吳. Following this achievement he retired into seclusion to live an itinerant life and changed his name to Tao Zhugong 陶朱公. While he stayed in the state of Yue 越, he took one Jiran

125 計然 as his teacher. The conversations between the two men are recorded in the → Fan zi Jiran 范子計然. His speeches can be found in the → Guo yu 國語 and in Fan’s biography in the → Shi ji 史記. LSZ, when citing from the Fan zi Jiran, refers to Fan as Fan zi 范子, “Master Fan,” [14]. In a second hand citation of the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 from the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 or the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, he refers to him as Fan Li [1], and a reference to Tao Zhu gong [1] in SE liu 柳 is taken from the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術. Fan Shengzhi 氾勝之 [7] Han 漢 era expert in agriculture. He held a court post during the era of Emperor Cheng 成 of Han 漢 (r. 32-7 BCE) and was put in charge of farming in the capital of Chang an 長安 and its surrounding areas. Author of the → Zhong zhi shu 種植書, also called the Fan Shengzhi shu 氾勝之書, “Book of Fan Shengzhi.”. Fan shi 樊氏, “Mrs. Fan” [1] Wife of → Li Xuan 李宣. According to the → Yi yuan 異苑, she was pregnant but did not deliver by the due date. Later, the fetus emerged from a lesion in her forehead. As an adult, this child became a general called → Hu er 胡兒. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Fan shi 范氏 → Fan Chengda 范成大 Fan Shihu 范石湖 → Fan Chengda 范成大 Fan Shihu ji 范石湖集 → Shihu ji 石湖集 Fan Shihu wen ji 范石湖文集 → Shihu ji 石湖集 Fan shu 梵書, “Brahma Books” [37] Originally a designation of ancient Sanskrit or Brahmanic texts, but LSZ seems to use the term as a reference to Buddhist texts translated into Chinese. Fan Wang 范汪 (c. 308-372) Eastern Jin 晉 official and physician. Style name Xuan ping 玄平, a man of Shun yang 順陽 in Nan yang 南陽, now Nei xiang 內鄉 in He nan 河南. An accomplished physician and of humble origin himself, Fan apparently treated everybody that sought his help, no matter if they had a high or lowly background. At one stage of his life he held the post of governor (tai shou 太守) of Dong yang 東 陽 and was therefore called Fan Dongyang 范東陽. His recipe collection is the → Fan Dongyang fang 范東陽方, now lost. LSZ refers to him as Fan Wang [49] and within the the title of his book as Fan Dongyang [2]. Fan Wang fang 范汪方 → Fan Dongyang fang 范東陽方 Fan ye 范曄 (398-446) Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty historian and scholar. Style name Weizong 蔚宗, a man of Shun yang 順陽 in the southeast of present-day Xi chuan 淅川 in He nan 河 南. He first held the post of Secretarial Court Gentleman at the Ministry of Personnel (shang shu li bu lang 尚書吏部郎) and became a governor (tai shou 太守) and general later, participating in many important events of the time. Fan was the author of the standard history → Hou Han shu 後漢書  and other books. LSZ used his Hou Han shu and the → He xiang fang 合香方.

126 Fan yun 范雲 (451-503) Liang 梁 dynasty literatus and high official. Style name Yanlong 彥龍, a man of Wu yin 舞陰 in Nan xiang 南鄉, in the northwest of Mi yang 泌陽 in He nan 河南. The → Nan shi 南史 contains his biography. His offices included Minister of the Ministry of Personnel (li bu shang shu 吏部尚書) and Right Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu you pu ye 尚書右僕射). When he suffered from an epidemic disease, the physician → Xu Wenbo 徐文伯 gave in to his request to cure him as fast as possible and applied a treatment of diaphoresis too early, with detrimental long-term results. This story was told in the → Ben shi fang 本事方 as a warning against unjustified diaphoresis, and LSZ takes this over in SE tao 桃, referring to Fan Yun as Fan Yun [1] and Yun 雲 [3]. Fan Zhineng 范致能 → Fan Chengda 范成大 Fan Zhineng 范至能 → Fan Chengda 范成大 Fan zi 范子 → Fan zi Jiran 范子計然, → Fan Li 范蠡 Fan zi Jiran 范子計然, “Master Fan and Jiran” Lost book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Attributed to → Fan Li 范蠡 of the state of Yue 越 during the Spring and Autumn period. The book is a record of conversations between Fan and his teacher Jiran 計然. The book mainly deals with agriculture and related topics like bumper harvests and famines. It also describes a small number of pharmaceutical substances. Fragments are quoted in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → ZLBC, and other books. LSZ cites the book as Fan zi Jiran [14] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, where he also refers material to Fan zi 范 子, “Master Fan,” [1] only. He gets his material from the ZLBC, the Tai ping yu lan, and other encyclopedias. Fan Zigai 樊子蓋 (545-616) Sui 隋 dynasty high official. Style name Huazong 華宗, a man of Lu jiang 廬江, now He fei 合肥 in An hui 安徽. He held several honorific titles and high posts in the central government. According to his biography in the → Sui shu 隋書, he distributed qing mu xiang 青木香 as a protection against miasmatic qi. LSZ cites this in SE mu xiang 木香, referring to Fan as Fan Zigai [1] and Zigai 子蓋 [1]. Fang bian ji 方便集, “Convenient Collection [of recipes]” [1] Medical recipe book. Not listed in any bibliographical source. Author and contents unknown. DC early Ming 明 or before. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 quotes its recipes, and LSZ takes one over in his main text from juan 36 in SE fu zi 附子. Fang Boyu 房伯玉 Southern Qi 齊 general and governor (tai shou 太守) of Nan yang 南陽. LSZ refers to him as Fang Boyu [1] and Boyu 伯玉 [1] in a story from the → Nan shi 南史 about → Xu Sibo 徐嗣伯 diagnosing an illness. Fang Guang 方廣 [10] Medical writer, fl. 16th century. Style name Yuezhi 約之, literary name Gu’an 古庵, “Ancient Hut.” A man of Xiu ning 休寧 in Xin an 新安, now part of An

127 hui 安徽. It is said that his mother died of erroneous treatment, so her son felt compelled to study medicine. He traveled the He luo 河洛 area around Luo yang 洛陽 and finally settled down in Chen liu 陳留 to practice medicine. Fang was editor of the → Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘 of 1536. Fang Guang yun 方廣云 → Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘 Fang guo zhi 方國志, “records of all Neighboring Countries” [3] Anonymous book. See bibliography of the BCGM. There is one earlier reference in the Song 宋 dynasty Jiang biao zhi 江表志, “Records from the Jiang biao Area,” but whether this is the same book as LSZ is referring to is uncertain. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without giving the name of an author. The material he cites in the main text in regard to sheep from the Muslim world is also found in books by his contemporaries, but their sources are uncertain as well. The material on gan lu 甘露, a sweet substance (“manna”) exsudated by the camel thorn tree growing in Iran and Turkestan, is found nowhere else. The only thing that can be said about the Fang guo zhi is that it was written before Ming 明 times. Further information is unavailable. Fang ji 坊記 → Li ji 禮記 Fang Liang 方良 [1] Legendary demon, also known as Wang Liang 魍魎 (AV Wang Liang 罔兩), who was said to devour the livers of human corpses. Fang Liang was one of the evil spirits that the → Fang xiang shi 方相氏 was supposed to ward off. LSZ mentions him in SE wang liang 罔兩. Fang Qianli 房千里 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Huju 鵠舉. A man of He nan 河南, jin shi at the beginning of the tai he 太和 reign period (827-835) Fang held local offices and a post at the Imperial Academy. He was the author of the → Nan fang yi wu zhi 南方異物志, the Tou huang za lu 投荒雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Fleeing to Distant Places,” and other books. Fang Shao 方勺 (1066-?) [6] Man of the Song 宋 dynasty. Style name Rensheng 仁聲, a man of Jin hua 金 華 in Wu zhou 婺州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. During his later years he lived in Wu cheng 烏程, now Hu zhou 湖州 in Zhe jiang. Some erroneously assign Fang to Yan lai 嚴瀨, now Tong lu 桐廬 county in Zhe jiang. Fang entered the Imperial Academy (tai xue 太學) in 1083 and later held a local post. After failing the civil service examination in 1090 in Hang zhou 杭州, he gave up his plans for an official career. He was one of the followers of → Su Shi 蘇軾 and in his later life devoted himself to Daoist arts of life cultivation. Author of the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編. Fang shi jing 房室經, “Classic of the Chambers” Northern Song 宋 or pre-Song book. EE → ZLBC. Author and size unknown. Starting from editions of the Ming 明 dynasty cheng hua 成化 reign period (1465-1487) on, editions of the ZLBC and other works erroneously referred to the text as Fang wu jing 房屋經, “Classic of Residencies,” and LSZ takes this

128 over in SE gong nu xian 弓弩弦, referring to a Fang wu jing [1] as well. Furthermore, the original wording “secret methods from inside the palace that must not be transmitted to the outside” (gong zhong mi fa bu chuan chu 宮中秘法不傳出) was changed to “this is a secretly transmitted recipe of the Jade Girl of the Purple Palace” (ci nai zi gong yu nü mi chuan fang ye 此乃紫宮玉女秘傳方也). In his bibliographical sections, LSZ erroneously lists the text as → Fang shi tu 房室圖. Fang shi tu 房室圖, “Illustrations of the Chambers” [1] Incorrect title of the → Fang shi jing 房室經. The → ZLBC cites a fragment from the text. LSZ takes over this material in the main text but in his bibliography erroneously writes tu 圖 instead of jing 經, rendering the title Fang shi tu. Fang wai qi fang 方外奇方, “Exceptional recipes Beyond the [usual] recipes” Lost Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” According to the Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes,” and other catalogues, the book was written by Liu Dang 劉党, but the BCGM and the Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall,” ascribe the work to Bai Feixia 白飛霞 (→ Han Mao 韓 ). LSZ cites the book as Fang wai qi fang [4] and as Bai Feixia fang 白飛霞方, “Recipes of Bai Feixia,” [1]. Fang Wei 房偉 [1] Tang dynasty person, fl. during the yuan he 元和 reign period (806-820). A man of He nan 河南, now Luo yang 洛陽 in He nan. He is said to have transmitted a recipe for a salt decoction for the treatment of “dry cholera” (gan huo luan 乾霍 亂). This is recorded in the → Jiu san si fang 救三死方. Fang wu jing 房屋經 → Fang shi jing 房室經 Fang wu zan 方物贊 → Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊 Fang Xian 方賢 Ming 明 dynasty medical official, lived during the 15th century. A man of Wu xing 吳興, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. Between 1436 and 1456 Fang held a post at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院) and discovered recipes that had previously been collected by Dong Su 董宿 but had never been published. These he revised and expanded in scope, working with the imperial physician Yang Wenhan 楊文翰 to produce the → Qi xiao liang fang 奇效良方. Fang xiang 方相 → Fang xiang shi 方相氏 Fang xiang shi 方相氏, “Gentleman Who Sees Four directions” Official post recorded in the Minister of War in the Summer Office (xia guan si ma 夏官司馬) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of warding off evil spirits (in particular the → Fang Liang 方良) and pestilence. LSZ refers to such a person as Fang xiang 方相 [2] and Fang xiang shi [1] in SE wang liang 罔兩. Fang Xiaoru 方孝孺 (1357-1402) [2] Ming 明 dynasty scholar. Style name Xizhi 希直, also Xigu 希古. A man of Ning hai 寧海 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Fang was a disciple of → Song Lian 宋濂 and was called Zhengxue xiansheng 正學先生, “Gentleman of Orthodox Learning.”

129 During the time of Emperor Hui 惠 (r. 1399-1403), Fang held a court post as Academician Expositor-in-waiting (shi jiang xue shi 侍講學士) and was in charge of compiling the Tai zu shi lu 太祖實錄, “Veritable Records of Tai zu.” Later, after refusing to write an edict proclaiming the ascension of the throne by the Yong le 永樂 emperor, Fang and his entire clan and followers were exterminated. He has a literary collection, the → Xun zhi zhai ji 遜志齋集, cited by LSZ. Fang Xiaoru ji 方孝孺集 → Xun zhi zhai ji 遜志齋集 Fang Xuanling 房玄齡 (579-648) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. In SE yin 銀, LSZ states that → Tang Tai zong 唐 太宗 once rewarded Fang with a belt made from yellow silver. Fang Xugu 方虛谷 (1227-1307) [2] This is the literary name of the Yuan 元 scholar and author Fang Hui 方回. Style name Wanli 萬里, a man of Xi xian 歙縣 in present-day An hui 安徽. Sometime between 1260 and 1264, he stood for an exam in a province other than his own and passed. Fang was governor of Yan zhou 嚴州, but when the Yuan armies arrived he surrendered to them, consequently receiving the post of Assistant Brigade Commander (zong guan 總管) of Jian de lu 建德路 (i.e. Yan zhou). He was dismissed from office a little while later and for the rest of his life lived alternately in Hang zhou 杭州 and his home area. He wrote a Xugu ji 虛谷集, “Collection of [Fang] Xugu,” but this was lost by Ming 明 times. Two other books by Fang, the Tong jiang ji 桐江集, “The Tong jiang Collection,” and Tong jiang xu ji 桐江續集, “Subsequent Tong jiang Collection,” survive. LSZ draws upon this material but does not cite it directly, referring to a → Fang Xugu ji 方 虛谷集 instead. Fang Xugu ji 方虛谷集, “Collection of Fang Xugu” Yuan 元 dynasty literary collection. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Fang Hui 方回 (→ Fang Xugu 方虛谷). Xugu 虛谷, “Empty Valley,” was Fang’s literary name, thus the title. The original collection, called Xugu ji 虛谷集, “Collection of [Fang] Xugu,” was lost by Ming 明 times, therefore Ming and Qing 清 bibliographies do not list the work. Still extant are Fang’s Tong jiang ji 桐江集, “The Tong jiang Collection,” and a Tong jiang xu ji 桐江續集, “Subsequent Tong jiang Collection.” LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections as Fang Xugu ji [1] without naming the author. The passage in the main text where LSZ cites a → Ding lan shuo 訂蘭説 by Fang is rather different in wording to the equivalent passages in the Tong jiang xu ji, so it remains uncertain where LSZ got his material from and which collection he is referring to as Fang Xugu ji. Fang yan 方言, “regional Languages” Western Han 漢 dictionary of early Chinese dialects. AN You xuan shi zhe jue dai yu shi bie guo fang yan 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言, “Regional Languages of Other Countries with Explanations of the Words from Distant Eras for Emissaries on Light Carriages.” FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by→ Yang Xiong 揚雄. The work resembles the → Er ya 爾雅 in style and collects and categorizes old and new

130 synonyms from various places, indicating their origin clearly. There is a Jin 晉 dynasty annotated edition by → Guo Pu 郭璞 called Fang yan zhu 方言注, “Annotations to the Fang yan,” in 13 juan. LSZ cites this book as Fang yan [32], attributing it to the original author Yang Xiong in his bibliography. He also refers to Guo’s annotations as Guo Pu zhu Fang yan 郭璞注方言, “Guo Pu’s Annotations to the Fang yan,” [1] in the main text. Fang yiwu 方夷吾 [1] This is the style name of Fang Dao 方導, a Southern Song 宋 official. Literary name Juezhai jushi 覺齋居士, “Recluse of the Study of Awakening.” His family had been based in Fu liang 浮梁, now Jing de zhen 景德鎮 in Jiang xi 江 西, but during the shao xing 紹興 and qian dao 乾道 reign periods (1131-1173), he followed his father who served as an official in the regions of the Yangzi and Huai 淮 rivers, in Hu bei 湖北 and Hu nan 湖南, as well as in Fu jian 福建 and Zhe jiang 浙江. Later in his life he retired and edited the recipes that had been successfully used in his family to produce the Fang shi ji yao fang 方氏集要方, “Collected Important Recipes of Mr. Fang,” (→ Ji yao fang 集要方 ), which was published by his brother-in-law → Chen Rihua 陳日華 in 1198. LSZ mentions Fang in SE niu xi 牛膝. Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽, “an Overall Survey of the Earth” Southern Song 宋 comprehensive geographical text. FE Tian lu lin lang shu mu 天祿琳琅書目, “Catalogue of Precious Books in the Possession of the Empire.” Written by → Zhu Mu 祝穆. DC 1239. 70 juan. The work contains detailed information on Lin an 臨安 (now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江) after the establishment of the Southern Song capital there. It describes historical changes of the area, geographical features and distances, historical sites and scenic spots, local customs, etc. LSZ refers to the work as Fang yu sheng lan [3], incorrectly as the Fang yu yao lan 方輿要覽, “Essential Survey of the Earth,” [1] in his bibliographical sections, and as Fang yu zhi 方輿志, “Monograph on the Earth,” [5]. Fang yu yao lan 方輿要覽 → Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽 Fang yu zhi 方輿志 → Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽 Fang zhen bian nian lu 方鎮編年錄, “Chronological records of the defense Commander” This is LSZ’s name for the Fang zhen bian nian 方鎮編年, “Chronicles of the Defense Commander,” a lost, anonymous book. EE Yun xian za ji 雲仙雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of the Immortals of the Clouds,” (→ Yun xian lu 雲 仙錄). Author and size unknown. The Yun xian za ji, the first work to mention a Fang zhen bian nian, is most probably a forgery from the beginning of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty, and the passage cited there mentions the Five Dynasties kingdom Wu yue 吳越 as well as its founder Qian Liu 錢鏐, so the Fang zhen bian nian seems to be a Northern Song text. LSZ cites the text as Fang zhen bian nian lu [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Fang zhen bian nian [1] in the main text. Looking at possible sources, LSZ must have taken his material either from the Yun xian za ji or the → Shuo fu 説郛.

131 Fasheng 法盛 [1] This is LSZ’s name for He Fasheng 何法盛, a man of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty. He’s native place is not recorded, but it is known that he held a local post as governor (tai shou 太守). His → Jin zhong xing shu 晉中興書 has survived in fragments, but the → Nan shi 南史 assigns the work to Xi Shao 郗紹, saying that He falsely claimed the book for himself. Fei hong ji 飛鴻集 → Hong fei ji 鴻飛集 Fei Xin 費信 (1388-?) [5] Ming 明 dynasty oceanic explorer. Style name Gongxiao 公曉, a man of Kun shan 崑山 and Tai cang 太倉 garrison in Wu jun 吳郡, now Tai cang in Jiang su 江蘇. As a 14-year-old, he joined the army to replace his elder brother. He followed Zheng He 鄭和 on his voyages, and recorded his experiences in the → Xing cha sheng lan 星槎勝覽 and the Tian xin ji xing lu 天心紀行錄, “Records and Travel Notes Taken at the Emperor’s Will.” LSZ cites the former work when discussing pharmaceutical substances from overseas. Fei xue lu 霏雪錄, “records of Swirling Snowflakes” [9] Early Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Liu Ji 劉績 (AV Liu Ji 鎦績). 2 juan. Apart from narrating past events and attempting to distinguish doubtful matters, the book also records fantasies and humorous stories. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but the material on gan cao 甘草 he uses is not found in the current version of the Fei xue lu. Fei Zhangfang 費長房 Eastern Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士), a man of Ru nan 汝南, in the southwest of present-day Shang cai 上蔡 in He nan 河南. According to his biography in the → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , he was serving as a market official when he met a divine immortal who taught him the Dao. The → Xu Qi xie ji 續齊諧記 cites his methods to ward off inauspicious things: ascending a high mountain, drinking Chrysanthemum wine on the ninth day of the ninth month, or carrying a bag of wu zhu yu 吳茱萸 on one’s belt. LSZ takes these recommendations and other things over, referring to Fei as Fei Zhangfang [3] and as Zhangfang 長房 [2]. Feixia zi 飛霞子 → Han Mao 韓  Fen tu 粉圖, “Powder Illustrations” [2] Lost Daoist book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN Wu jin fen tu jue 五金粉圖訣, “Powder Illustrations and Secret Instructions on the Five Metals.” Attributed to the late Eastern Han 漢 alchemist → Hugang zi 狐剛子. 4 juan. The book is quoted in the → ZLBC in a section on musk, but LSZ takes his material from the → Xixi cong hua 西溪叢話 rather than the ZLBC. He cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

132 Feng gui ren 馮貴人, “dame Feng” [1] Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. Personal name unknown. According to LSZ, grave robbers, when opening her tomb, found that her corpse appeared as if alive because it had been covered by mica. LSZ cites this in SE yun mu 雲母. Feng Han lin 馮翰林, “Feng of the Han lin academy” [1] This is probably Feng Bi 馮璧, a Jin 金 dynasty high official. Style name Shuxian 叔獻, a man of Zhen ding 真定, now Zheng ding 正定 in He bei 河北. Jin shi 1197, promoted to be a Senior Compiler (xiu zhuan 修撰) at the Han lin 翰 林 Academy in 1214. He died a few years after 1232 at the age of 79. According to the → Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方, → Li Gao 李杲 once cured Feng’s nephew of “harm caused by cold leading to exuberant yin blocking yang” (yin sheng ge yang shang han 陰盛格陽傷寒). LSZ cites this story in SE fu zi 附子. Feng ji 蜂記, “Bee records” [2] Song 宋 dynasty text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Wang Yucheng 王禹偁 (→ Wang Yuanzhi 王元之). The essay discusses the characteristics, habits, and social organization of bees and wasps. Despite the impression given by LSZ, the Feng ji was never a separately circulating work. The original name of the text, preserved in juan 14 of Wang’s Xiao xu ji 小畜集, “The Xiao xu Collection,” is Ji feng 紀蜂, “Taking Records of Bees,” but the → Gu jin shi lei he bi 古 今事類合璧, referring the text to Wang Yuanzhi, changes this into Feng ji. LSZ, probably taking this over from the Gu jin shi lei he bi, cites the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Feng Junda 封君達 Legendary divine immortal of the late Eastern Han 漢, also called Qingniu daoshi 青牛道士, “Daoist Master of the Black Ox.” According to the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳, a member of the Feng 封 clan from Long xi 隴西, now in the south of Long xi in Gan su 甘肅. He is said to have ingested huang jing 黃 精, usually identified as solomon’s seal, for more than 50 years, which in LSZ’s view is huang lian 黃連. He also obtained the recipe for pills with fireflies passed on by → Liu Zinan 劉子南, and in turn presented it to → Huangfu Long 皇甫 隆. LSZ refers to him as Feng Junda [1] and as Qingniu daoshi [1]. Feng mu wen da 風木問答, “Questions and answers on regretting One’s Failure to Take Care of the deceased Parents” [1] Probably an erroneous name of a book. EE BCGM. Attributed to → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 by LSZ. The Gu Danxi xiansheng Zhu gong shi biao ci 故丹溪先生 朱公石表辭, “Stone Inscription in Memory of Honorable Mr. Zhu, the Gentleman of Red Creek,” by → Song Lian 宋濂 mentions a Feng shui wen da 風水問 答, “Questions and Answers on Landscape Geomancy,” by Zhu, so Feng mu wen da is most likely an erroneous designation. LSZ mentions the book in the → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not list it separately, nor does he cite it directly in the main text. Feng qin shu 奉親書 → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書 Feng qin yang lao fang 奉親養老方 → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書

133 Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書, “Book of attending to One’s Parents and Nourishing the Elderly” Northern Song 宋/Yuan 元 dynasty book on life cultivation. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN (expanded version) Shou qin yang lao xin shu 壽親養老新書, “New Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly.” Written by → Chen Zhi 陳直 of Northern Song, supplemented during the Yuan by Zou Hong 鄒鋐. 1 juan, plus 3 juan of additions. DC (expanded version) 1307. The text describes theories and practical methods for preventing illness and maintaining the health of old people. LSZ only lists Chen Zhi as the author and ignores Zou Hong, although the material he uses from the text includes selections from additions by the latter. LSZ cites the text as Feng qin yang lao shu [4], as Feng qin yang lao fang 奉親養老方, “Recipes for Attending to One’s Parents and Nourishing the Elderly,” [3], as Shou qin yang lao shu 壽親養老書, “Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly,” [4], as Shou qin yang lao fang 壽親養老方, “Recipes for Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly,” [2], as Feng qin shu 奉親書, “Book of Attending to One’s Parents,” [2], as Yang lao shu 養老書, “Book of Nourishing the Elderly,” [9], as Yang lao fang 養 老方, “Recipes for Nourishing the Elderly,” [6], and as Shou qin 壽親, “Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives,” [1]. Feng su tong 風俗通, “descriptions of Habits and Customs” [11] Eastern Han 漢 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Feng su tong yi 風俗通義, “Summary of Discussions on Habits and Customs.” Written by → Ying Shao 應劭. 10 juan surviving, plus a supplement of 1 juan. The book studies categories of things, their names and describes prevailing customs of the time. Feng tu ji 風土記, “records of Customs and Geographical Surroundings” [9] Lost Western Jin 晉 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Zhou Chu 周處. 10 juan (AV 3 juan). The book described the local conditions and products of the Yang xian 陽羡 area (now Yi xing 宜興 in Jiang su 江蘇) and other places. This included many fruits, herbs, trees, birds, quadrupeds, worms/bugs, and fish. Fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要 術, and in many Tang 唐 and Song 宋 encyclopedias. LSZ cites the book second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but it is impossible to say which work exactly he got his material from. Feng yansi 馮延巳 [1] Southern Tang 唐 high official. Also known as Feng Yansi 馮延嗣, style name Zhengzhong 正中, a man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang Su 江蘇. Feng rose to the office of Grand Councilor (cheng xiang 丞相) and has a biography in the → Nan Tang shu 南唐書, which describes how the Imperial Physician (tai yi ling 太醫令) → Wu Tingshao 吳廷紹 cured Feng from an illness. LSZ cites this case history in SE zhe gu 鷓鴣.

134 Fo jing 佛經 → Fo shu 佛書 Fo shu 佛書, “Buddhist Books” General designation for Buddhist scriptures. LSZ uses such texts as sources of material on various pharmaceutical substances, referring to them as Fo shu [7] and Fo jing 佛經, “Buddhist sutras,” [4]. However, some references designated as such are actually quoted from other works. Foji er 佛記兒 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. According to the → Lang ye man chao 琅琊漫鈔, a pregnant woman gave birth to a child from a swelling below her ribs in her flank in Su zhou 宿州 (in present-day An hui 安徽) during the cheng hua 成化 reign period (1465-1487). She named it Foji er 佛記兒, “Child in Memory of Buddha.” LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Fozhi heshang 佛智和尚, “Monk with the Wisdom of Buddha” [1] Early Southern Song 宋 Buddhist monk. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Ben shi fang 本事方, he transmitted a recipe to cure “freeflux illness” (li 痢). LSZ takes this material over in SE huang lian 黃連, but with a slightly different composition of the recipe. Fu 撫 → Jiang Fu 姜撫 Fu bao 附寶 [1] Mother of the Yellow Thearch, → Huang di 黃帝 . According to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記 and the → Di wang shi ji 帝王世紀, she was pregnant for 25 months and then gave birth to Huang di. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Fubo zi 鳧伯子 [1] Han 漢 dynasty legendary immortal. Legend has it that he regularly collected and consumed ling 菱. The → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 mentions his name, and LSZ takes it over in SE ji shi 芰實. Fu Chen 伏琛 Jin 晉 dynasty person. Details about his live are unavailable. Author of the → Qi di ji 齊地記, cited by LSZ, who incorrectly writes the author’s name Fu Shen 伏深 [2]. Fu Gong 傅肱 [2] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty, fl. 11th century. Style name Ziyi 子翼, a man of Kuai ji 會稽, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. LSZ used his → Xie pu 蟹譜. Fu gong tu 伏汞圖, “Illustrations of How to Subdue Mercury” [2] Lost book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN Zao hua fu gong tu 造化伏汞圖, “Illustrations of How to Create Subdued Mercury.” Written by → Sheng Xuanzi 昇玄子. DC Song 宋 or earlier. 1 juan. A major fragment is preserved in the → Xixi cong hua 西溪叢 話 of → Yao Kuan 姚寬. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the Xixi cong hua.

135 Fu hou 伏侯, “Marquis Fu” (died 157) This is the title of Fu Wuji 伏無忌, an Eastern Han 漢 man from Ji nan 濟南 in present-day Shan dong 山東. During the time of Emperor Shun 順 (r. 126-144) he held a military post, and during the reign of Huan di 桓帝 (r. 151-152) he was ordered to participate in the compilation of the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記. Fu was also the author of the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 . LSZ erroneously writes his name Fu hou 伏候 [3] and attributes the → Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今 注 to him. Fu hou 伏候 → Fu hou 伏侯 Fu Jian 符堅 → Fu Jian 苻堅 Fu Jian 苻堅 (338-385) Ruler of Former Qin 秦, during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, r. 357-385. Of the Di 氐 nationality, he was able to unite a large region in the North but was killed by the chieftain of the Qiang 羌 people following a disastrous defeat at the Fei 淝 river. LSZ, citing the → Jin shu 晉書 in SE ren gui 人傀, relates that Fu Jian’s mother was pregnant for 12 months before she gave birth to him. However, he erroneously writes Fu’s name Fu Jian 符堅 [1]. Fu jiao jue 服椒訣, “Instructions for Ingesting Pepper” [2] Daoist food recipe. See bibliography of the BCGM, the source of the recipe is uncertain. Attributed to the Jin 晉 dynasty author → Wu Meng 吳猛. The text details the reasons for Daoists to take flower pepper and provides a recipe. LSZ turns the recipe name into a book title in his bibliography and cites it in the main text. Fu ling zan 茯苓贊 → Song Wang Wei zan 宋王微贊 Fu lu lun 福祿論, “discourse on Wealth and Happiness” [1] Lost book. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐 書), biography of → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. Attributed to Sun Simiao (581-682). Further details are unavailable. Fu nan ji 扶南記, “records from Fu nan” [2] Lost Three Kingdoms period book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.”AN Fu nan yi wu zhi 扶 南異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Fu nan.” Written by → Zhu Ying 朱應. 1 juan. The book records the author’s observations made while traveling as an envoy to the Fu nan 扶南 area (this includes present-day Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos) in 226. The → ZLBC preserves a fragment cited from the → TJBC. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and cites the TJBC material in the main text. Fu nan zhuan 扶南傳, “Notes on Fu nan” [1] Lost book from the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN Fu nan tu su zhuan 扶南土 俗傳, “Notes on the Local Customs of Fu nan,” Fu nan tu su 扶南土俗, “Local Customs of Fu nan”. Written by Kang Tai 康泰, a high Wu official, who was was sent on an embassy to Southeast Asia along with → Zhu Ying 朱應, the author

136 of the → Fu nan ji 扶南記, in 226. Kang recorded his own observations in the Fu nan zhuan. Fragments are preserved in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Fu qi jing yi fang 服氣精義方, “recipes of the Subtle doctrine of Taking in Qi” [1] Lost, anonymous Daoist book on life cultivation. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC Northern Song 宋 or before. The Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經) has a Fu qi jing yi lun 服氣精義論, “Discourses on the Subtle Doctrine of Ingesting Qi,” by Bai Yun 白雲, but this book does not contain the material attributed to the Fu qi jing yi fang in the ZLBC, which preserves three fragments. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections, but when using the ZLBC material in the main text he does not refer to the Fu qi jing yi fang. Instead, he refers two methods of life cultivation to Liu Jun’an 劉君 安 (→ Liu An 劉安) and material on the Chinese date (zao 棗) simply to a → Dao shu 道書, a general term for Daoist books. Fu Qian 服虔 [7] Eastern Han 漢 Confucian scholar. Style name Zishen 子慎, a man of Xing yang 滎陽 in He nan 河南. Fu served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Jiu jiang 九 江 during the late 180s and believed in classical learning based on ancient texts. He was the author of the Chun qiu Zuo shi zhuan jie yi 春秋左氏傳解誼, “Explanations of the Meanings in the Chun qiu in the Tradition of Mr. Zuo,” and wrote a commentary on the → Han shu 漢書, the Han shu yin xun 漢書音訓, “Explanations to Phonetics in the Han shu,” (→ Han shu zhu 漢書注), which later became part of the Han shu ji zhu 漢書集注, “Collected Annotations to the Han shu.” LSZ used these notes and quotes the author’s lost → Tong su wen 通 俗文 second hand. Fu Qian zhu 服虔注 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Fu Qian zhu Han shu 服虔注漢書 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Fu Qiu 傅求 Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Mingzhi 命之, a man of Kao cheng 考城, now Lan kao 蘭考 in He nan 河南. During the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1063), he held offices such as Auxiliary Academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs (shu mi zhi xue shi 樞密直學士) or Scholar of the Dragon Diagram Pavilion (long tu ge xue shi 龍圖閣學士). He has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史. According to the Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ), he once passed on a recipe with red beans to cure → Ren Chengliang 任承亮 of a malign sore. LSZ takes over this story in SE chi xiao dou 赤小豆 but erroneously writes his name Fu Yong 傅永 [1]. Fu ren fang 婦人方, “Women’s recipes”  This is LSZ’s name for the Fu ren chan yu bao qing ji 婦人產育寶慶集, “Collection of Treasures for a Good Fortune of Women Bearing and Bringing Up

137 Children,” a Northern Song 宋 gynecological text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Chan yu bao qing ji 產育寶慶集, “Collection of Treasures for a Good Fortune when Bearing and Bringing Up Children.” The Song shi yi wen zhi attributes the work to → Guo Jizhong 郭稽中, but the presently circulating volume entitled Chan yu bao qing ji gives the author’s name as Li Shisheng 李師聖. DC c. da guan 大觀 reign period (1107-1110). 1 juan. In his preface, Li Shisheng states that he obtained a Chan lun 產論, “Discourses on Childbearing,” in 21 chapters without recipes. Guo Jizhong then added his family recipes to the end of each discourse, therefore the recipes in the present text are all Guo’s. LSZ quotes the recipes second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. He cites a Fu ren fang [2] by Guo Jizhong in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and judging by the recipe quoted this must be the Chan yu bao qing ji. He also refers to the text as Bao qing ji 保慶集, “Collection for Protecting Good Fortune,” [2], as Guo Jizhong fang 郭 稽中方, “Recipes of Guo Jizhong,” [1], or simply using the author’s name, Guo Jizhong [1].  [1] Lost gynecological text. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ cites a Zhi chan nan ge 治產難歌, “Song on Treating Difficult Birth,” from a Fu ren fang. The name of the author and the time of compilation is unknown, as is the source of LSZ’s citation.

 [1] General term for women’s recipes. Fu ren jing yan fang 婦人經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes for Women” [5] Lost Song 宋 period anonymous collection of gynecological recipes. EE → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. LSZ cites the book second hand from the Fu ren liang fang in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, “Good recipes for Women” Southern Song 宋 gynecological text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Fu ren da quan liang fang 婦 人大全良方, “Good Recipes from the Great Compendium on Women’s Medicine.” Written by → Chen Ziming 陳自明. DC 1237. 24 juan. The text attempts to summarize pre-Song gynecological knowledge and was divided into 8 sections on various topics, such as regulation of menses (tiao jing 調經), fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, and post-partum issues. Each chapter discusses various disease signs and their treatment. Altogether the text cointains 266 discourses (lun 論), 1118 recipes, and 48 case studies. LSZ cites the book as Fu ren liang fang [64], as Liang fang 良方, “Good Recipes,” [1], as Da quan fang 大全方, “Recipes from the Great Compendium,” [1], → Da quan liang fang 大全良方 [2], or by the author’s name alone as Chen Ziming [6]. This work was later expanded by → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立 to produce the → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊 氏婦人良方補遺. Fu ren liang fang bu yi 婦人良方補遺 → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦 人良方補遺 Fu ren ming li fang 婦人明理方 → Fu ren ming li lun 婦人明理論

138 Fu ren ming li lun 婦人明理論, “discourse Clarifying the Principles [of recipes] for Women” Song 宋 dynasty anonymous gynecological text. See bibliography of the BCGM. The Southern Song → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 refers to a Ming li lun 明理論, “Discourse Clarifying Principles,” and a Ming li fang lun 明理方論, “Discourse on Recipes Clarifying Principles.” LSZ uses the Fu ren liang fang material, referring to a Fu ren ming li lun [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and to a Fu ren ming li fang 婦人明理方, “Recipes for Women with their Principles Clarified,” [1]. Fu ren qian jin jia cang fang 婦人千金家藏方, “Women’s recipes Preserved in the Family and Worth a Thousand in Gold” Ming 明 dynasty anonymous medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Details are unavailable, and this book is not cited elsewhere. LSZ quotes the book as Fu ren qian jin jia cang fang [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Qian jin jia cang fang 千金家藏方, “Recipes Preserved at Home and Worth a Thousand in Gold” [1] in the main text. Fu rui ji 符瑞記, “records of auspicious Omens” [1] Lost Sui 隋 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Xu Shanxin 許善心. 10 juan. The book does not appear to be cited by later works. LSZ lists the book along with the name of the author in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does cite a Fu rui zhi 符瑞志, “Record of Auspicious Omens,” there, but that material is actually from a chapter called Fu rui zhi in the → Song shu 宋書 of → Shen Yue 沈約. Possibly LSZ mixed up the two titles taking the Song shu chapter for Xu Shanxin’s book. Fu rui zhi 符瑞志 → Fu rui ji 符瑞記, → Song shu 宋書 Fu Shen 伏深 → Fu Chen 伏琛 Fu shi huo ying fang 傅氏活嬰方, “Mr. Fu’s recipes to Save Children’s Lives” [1] Anonymous early Ming 明 or pre-Ming pediatric text. Not listed in the available bibliographical sources. DC and size uncertain. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 cites the text in more than 20 entries, all with pediatrics recipes. LSZ takes one over in SE mian 綿. Fu shi jing 服食經, “Classic of Ingesting Essences” Term used in the titles of various books on life cultivation.  [2] → Peng zu fu shi jing 彭祖服食經

 [2] → Shen xian fu shi jing 神仙服食經

 [1] → Tai qing fu shi jing 太清服食經 Fu shou fang 扶壽方 → Fu shou jing fang 扶壽精方 Fu shou jing fang 扶壽精方, “Essential recipes for Supporting Long Life” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Wu Min 吳旻. Printed 1534. 2 juan.

139 The book is divided into 30 chapters on miscellaneous medical topics like depletion (xu 虛), phlegm (tan 痰), or medicinal wines. Many recipes are not found in other sources, and the text contains a great deal of detailed information on processing methods. LSZ cites the book as Fu shou jing fang [10] and as Fu shou fang 扶壽方, “Recipes for Supporting Long Life,” [8]. Fu shun wang 富順王, “Prince of Fu shun” (1514-1576) [1] This is Zhu Houkun 朱厚焜, prince of the Ming 明 vassal state of Fu shun 富 順. LSZ recounts a case record of his own in SE deng hua 燈花, about the cure of Zhu’s grandson from a “worm accumulation-illness” (chong pi 蟲癖). Fu Taichu 輔太初 (9th century) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Details of his personal life are unavailable. According to the → Bing bu shou ji 兵部手集, he transmitted a recipe with barley sprouts to cure postpartum abdominal swelling to one → Cui lang zhong 崔郎中. LSZ cites this in SE nie mi 糵米. Fu tu shi 浮屠氏, “Buddhist Gentlemen” [1] General reference to Buddhists. Fu Xian 傅咸 (239-294) [2] Western Jin 晉 literatus and official. Style name Changyu 長虞, a man of Ni yang 泥陽 in Bei di 北地, in the southwest of present-day Yao xian 耀縣 in Shaan xi 陝西. Served in central and military positions. LSZ cites his → Kuan dong fu xu 款冬賦序 in SE kuan dong hua 款冬花. Fu Xuan 傅玄 (217-278) [1] Western Jin 晉 literatus and official. Style name Xiuyi 休奕, a man of Ni yang 泥 陽 in Bei di 北地, in the southwest of present-day Yao xian 耀縣 in Shaan xi 陝 西. He served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Hong nong 弘農 and Chamberlain for the Imperial Stud (tai pu 太僕). He participated in the compilation of the → Wei shu 魏書, and a collection of his own works is still extant. LSZ cites his → Liu fu 榴賦 in SE an shi liu 安石榴 Fu xuan lu 負暄錄, “records of Sun’s Warmth on Winter days” This is LSZ’s name for the Fu xuan za lu 負暄雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Sun’s Warmth on Winter Days,” a Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Attributed to → Gu Wenjian 顧文薦, but probably written by the Song author Gu Feng 顧逢. 3 juan plus a 1 juan supplement. The book records anecdotes and many events concerning people of the Song dynasty. It is preserved in the Shuo fu. LSZ abbreviates the title as Fu xuan lu [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and erroneously refers to the author as Gu Jian 顧薦 in the main text. Fu yong 傅永 → Fu Qiu 傅求 Fu yu 附餘 → Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘 Fu Zi 傅滋 [5] Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. late 15th, early 16th century. Style name Shize 時 澤, literary name Junchuan 浚川, a man of Yi wu 義烏, now part of Zhe jiang 浙

140 江. He was the author of the → Yi xue ji cheng 醫學集成, which, according to the author, was published after 40 years of medical studies and 30 years of collecting books. He also composed a → Yao xing fu 藥性賦 , now lost. This text is cited along with other essays by Fu Zi in the late Ming Yi jia er yao 醫家二要, “Two Essentials for Medical Experts.” Fu zi ji 附子記 → Fu zi zhuan 附子傳 Fu zi zhuan 附子傳, “Notes on Processed aconite” Abbreviation for the Zhang ming fu zi ji 彰明附子記, “Records on Processed Aconite from Zhang ming,” a lost Northern Song 宋 specialized text on processed aconite (fu zi 附子). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Written by → Yang Tianhui 楊 天惠. DC 1099. 1 juan. The text focuses on aconite from Zhang ming 彰明 county (now Jiang you 江油) in Si chuan 四川, thus the title. It describes areas of production. LSZ thought highly of the work because of the many details it conveys but he knew it only from an abridged version in the Shuo fu, reproduced from an earlier source. He lists it as Fu zi zhuan [1] in his bibliographical sections, and cites it as Fu zi ji 附子記, “Fu zi Records,” [2] and Yang shi fu zi ji 楊氏附子記, “Fu zi Records of Mr. Yang,” [1] in the main text. Fuhu chanshi fu fa 伏虎禪師服法, “Method to Ingest [Pine resin] by the TigerTaming Zen Master” [1] Piece of writing cited in the → ZLBC, which refers a “method to refine pine resin” (lian song zhi fa 煉鬆脂法) to a Fuhu zunshi pian 伏虎尊師篇, “Chapter of the Revered Tiger-Taming Master,” from the → Ye ren xian hua 野人閑話. LSZ turns this into the title Fuhu chanshi fu fa in SE song zhi 鬆脂.

-GGai wen ji 該聞集 → Gai wen lu 該聞錄 Gai wen lu 該聞錄, “records of Things That Ought to Be Heard” Lost Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Li Tian 李畋. DC 1068-1077. 10 juan. Some of the original text is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛. The book contained stories that the author heard during his conversations with guests, as well as 12 sections of poetry. The → ZLBC quotes a Gai wen ji 該聞集, “Collection of Things that Ought to be Heard,” by Li Tian. Accordingly, LSZ cites the book second hand as Gai wen lu [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Gai wen ji [1] in the main text. Gai yunfu 蓋耘夫 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty official, served as Office Manager (du si 都司). Further details are unavailable. According to the → De sheng fang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方, he obtained a powder made from cloves to strengthen the stomach from → Wu Anzhi 吳安之. LSZ cites this in SE ding xiang 丁香.

141 Gan Bao 干寶 (died c. 366) [6] Eastern Jin 晉 official. Style name Lingsheng 令昇, a man of Xin cai 新蔡 in present-day He nan 河南. Gan held various court appointments and has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書. Having experienced mysterious events within his own family, he collected stories about transformations of spirits and human beings to compile the now lost but reconstructed → Sou shen ji 搜神記, the original preface of which is also preserved in his biography. LSZ cites this text and also, without reference to the author, his → Bian hua lun 變化論. Gan jia 甘家, “Expert Gan”, “Gan Family”  [1] Wei 魏 to Jin 晉 period physician. Personal name unknown. In his → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, → Ge Hong 葛洪 states that Zhou 周, Gan 甘, Tang 唐, and Ruan 阮 each compiled a book on recipes for emergencies. This suggests that Gan jia may have compiled a text called Bei ji fang 備急方, “Recipes for Emergencies,” fragments of which were preserved in the Zhou hou bei ji fang. LSZ cites a fragment second hand in SE huang fan 黃礬.

 [1] Tang 唐 experts in pharmaceutical therapy. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾 遺 contains a “white medicinal preparation of the Gan family” (Gan jia bai yao 甘家白藥) named after the people who designed it. LSZ cites this in SE bai yao zi 白藥子. Gan quan fu 甘泉賦, “rhapsody on Sweet Spring Water” [2] Western Han 漢 fu 賦 written by → Yang Xiong 揚雄. The work is quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and other sources, but it remains uncertain where LSZ took his version from. Gan Shoucheng 甘守誠 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty military official, a Valiant Cavalry General of the Right (you xiao qi jiang jun 右驍騎將軍). Fl. during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713741). Familiar with pharmaceutical substances, he exposed the false and dangerous claims concerning recipes to attain longevity of → Jiang Fu 姜撫. The story is recorded in the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), and LSZ takes it over in his main text. Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志, “records of Interactions, Organized by Categories” Book cited in the Ming 明 period Qi guo kao 七國考, “Investigation of Seven Countries,” of Dong Shuo 董説. Attributed to the court historian → Zhang Hua 張華 of Western Jin 晉. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Gan ying lei cong zhi [2] and cites it in the main text as Gan ying zhi 感應志, “Records of Interactions,” [1], as Zhang Hua wu lei zhi 張華物類志, “Zhang Hua’s Categorized Records of Things,” [1], and erroneously as Lei cong xiang gan zhi 類從相感志, “Records of the Mutual Influences, Organized by Categories,” [1]. However, the passages quoted by LSZ correspond with a Gan ying lei cong zhi of the Wu 吳 monk → Zanning 贊寧  preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛 (→ Wu lei xiang gan zhi 物類相感志). So this Zanning is probably the author of the material quoted by LSZ, who seems to be mistaken in attributing it to Zhang Hua.

142 Gan ying zhi 感應志 → Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志 Gang mu 綱目 → Ben cao gang mu 本草綱目 Gao 杲 → Li Gao 李杲 Gao daomu 高道穆 [1] This is the style name of Gao Gongzhi 高恭之, a Northern Wei 魏 high official. A man of Liao dong 遼東, now Liao yang 遼陽, he has a biography in the → Bei shi 北史. He once advised Er Zhuying 尒朱榮 (493-530) to take advantage of a favorable situation and extinguish his adversary → Yuan Hao 元顥 to avoid “nourishing a [little] hui-snake to become a [big] snake.” LSZ cites this story to emphasize the difference between the fu 蝮 and hui 虺 snakes in SE fu she 蝮蛇. Gao huang 高皇 → Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝 Gao Jian 高監 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person, details about his life are unavailable. A recipe of his to end toothache is cited by LSZ in SE tian ming jing 天名精. Gao qiu gong 高丘公, “Lord on the High Mountain” [1] Legendary immortal. According to the Jin 晉 dynasty → Shen xian zhuan 神仙 傳, he ingested peach glue (tao jiao 桃膠) to attain immortality. The → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 cite the same story second hand, but LSZ gives the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 as his source in SE tao 桃. Gao shi 高氏, “Mr. Gao”  [1] Gao Cheng 高承, Northern Song 宋 author of the → Shi wu ji yuan 事物 紀原. Fl. during the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085). A man of Kai feng 開封 in present-day He nan 河南.  [1] In connection with the → Liao hua zhou xian lu 蓼花洲閑錄, this is → Gao Wenhu 高文虎.

 [1] Not the name of a book but of a mountain: Mount Cui ping 翠屏, the main summit of the Heng shan 恆山 mountains situated in the south of Hun yuan 渾源 county in Shan xi 山西.

 [1] This is Gao Shi’er 高十二, a Song 宋 dynasty man of Yue 越 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. The → Yi shuo 醫説, quoting the → Lei bian 類編, recounts a story about his wife, who suffered from absentmindedness and delirious speech after Mr. Gao passed away. When she spoke, she spoke with the voice of Mr. Gao. She was cured by fumigation with grey atractylodes. From then on, people used the fumes of cang zhu 蒼术 whenever someone was struck by evil. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 术. Gao Shiyu 高師禹 [1] Late Tang 唐 person, a man of Wen jiang 文江 in Ji an 吉安, now Ji shui 吉水 in Jiang xi 江西. According to the → Chan bao 產寶, Gao obtained a secret recipe with yi mu cao 益母草 from a renowned physician to cure all types of women’s diseases. LSZ cites this in SE chong wei 茺蔚.

143 Gao si fa 高司法, “Gao in Charge of Laws” [1] This is part of the official title of Gao Shenzhi 高申之, a Southern Song 宋 official. A man of Chu yang 滁陽, now Quan jiao 全椒 in An hui 安徽. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 lists numerous recipes personally used and transmitted by him. LSZ quotes his “elixir to stabilize the original [qi]” (gu yuan dan 固元丹) in SE zhu 术. In the original text, however, this recipe was called “elixir to stabilize the true [qi]” (gu zhen dan 固真丹). Gao Tanglong 高堂隆 [1] High official of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Shengping 昇平, a man of Ping yang 平陽 in Tai shan 泰山, now Tai an 泰安 in Shan dong 山東. He held the post of Counselor-in-chief (cheng xiang 丞 相) and other appointments, and there is a literary collection of his works. LSZ cites a saying of his second hand from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Gao Wenhu 高文虎 (1134- ?) Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Bingru 炳如. A man of Si ming 四明 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1160. Gao held a number of central government posts, including one at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. He was the author of the → Liao hua zhou wen lu 蓼花洲閑錄, used by LSZ, who refers to Gao as Gao Wenhu [2] or as Gao shi 高氏, “Mr. Gao” [1]. Gao Wu 高武 Ming 明 dynasty writer and expert in acumoxa therapy, fl. 16th century. Style name Meigu 梅孤, a man of Si ming 四明, now Ning bo 寧波 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Gao was adept in various fields of knowledge such as celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), military strategies, or horsemanship and archery. In the early 16th century, he passed the provincial military examinations but still took up medicine as a profession later in his life. Gao wrote the Zhen jiu jie yao 針灸節要, “Brief Essentials of Needling and Burning,” the Zhen jiu ju ying 針灸聚英, “Collection of the Flowers of Needling and Burning,” the → Dou zhen guan jian 痘疹管見, the She xue zhi nan 射學指南, “Guide to Shooting Studies,” and other books. LSZ, who cites the Dou zhen zheng zong, refers to Gao as Gao Wu [5] and erroneously as Gao Zhongwu 高仲武 [1]. Gao xiang guo 高相國, “Counselor-in-chief Gao” [1] Song 宋 dynasty high official. The Northern Song → Yu yao yuan fang 御藥院 方 reports that the emperor → Song Zhen zong 宋真宗 presented some “pills with fresh rhinoceros” (sheng xi wan 生犀丸) to one Gao gong xiang guo 高公 相國, “Counselor-in chief, the Honorable Mr. Gao.” LSZ takes this over in SE xiong qiong 芎藭, referring to Gao as Gao xiang guo. However, during the reign of Zhen zong 真宗 (r. 998-1022) no Counselor-in-chief (xiang guo 相國) surnamed Gao 高 is recorded. Gao Xianzhi 高仙芝 (died 756) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general, a man of Gao ju li 高句麗, the later Koryo. Due to his achievements during a military exploit in the West, he was made Vice-Grand Protector (fu du hu 副都護) of An xi 安西. According to the → Guang yi ji 廣異

144 記, he obtained a valuable pharmaceutical drug called he li le 訶黎勒 while in the state of Da shi 大食 (in the Arabic West). Gao yangsheng 高陽生 [2] Southern Song 宋 person. → Chen Yan 陳言, in his → San yin fang 三因方, identified him as having lived during the Six Dynasties and being the true author of the → Mai jue 脈訣 of → Wang Shuhe 王叔和. Although Chen Yang failed to provide evidence, later physicians, including → Dai Qizong 戴起宗 and LSZ complied with his idea. Gao you 高誘 (late 2nd, early 3rd century) [10] Eastern Han 漢 scholar. A man of Zhuo xian 涿縣 in Zhuo jun 涿郡, now part of He bei 河北. He held various local and regional offices in different parts of the country and was the author of an annotated edition of the → Huai nan zi 淮 南子 and other books. LSZ lists this as → Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈 解 in his bibliographical sections and frequently quotes Gao’s annotations to the Huai nan zi in his main text, even following quotations from another commentary, the → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術. He also cites Gao’s annotations to the → Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋. Gao You zhu Huai nan zi 高誘注淮南子 → Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈解 Gao Zhan 高展 Northern Song 宋 or pre-Song official. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Fang zhen bian nian lu 方鎮編年錄 records how he obtained the longevity drug di zhi 地脂 by chance. LSZ takes this story over in SE di sui 石髓, referring to Gao as Gao Zhan [1] and as Zhan 展 [1]. Gao Zhongwu 高仲武 → Gao Wu 高武 Gao zong 高宗 [7] Ambiguous reference that may refer to one of two emperors:  → Tang Gao zong 唐高宗

 → Song Gao zong 宋高宗 Gao zu 高祖 → Han Gao zu 漢高祖 Ge Bing 革炳 → Dong Bing 董炳 Ge cha pan 葛察判, “Judge Ge” [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Personal name unknown. According to the → Xuan qi fang 選奇方, he cured his wife with pills made from a preparation of di huang 地黄 and aconite when she was spitting blood. The recipe is listed in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, and LSZ takes this over in SE fu zi 附子. Ge Changzhi 葛常之 (died 1164) This is the style name of Ge Lifang 葛立方, a Southern Song 宋 specialist in poetics and writer of ci 詞 poetry. He was a man of Dan yang 丹陽 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇, but later moved to Wu xing 吳興 in Chao zhou 湖州, which is now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi 1138. He held court offices and was the author of the → Yun yu yang qiu 韻語陽秋, a Gui yu ji 歸愚集, “Returning to Simplicity

145 Collection,” and other books. LSZ refers to him as Ge Changzhi [1] and Ge shi 葛氏,“Mr. Ge,” [1]. Ge gu lun 格古論, “discourses on the Investigation of ancient Things” [15] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Ge gu yao lun 格古要論, “Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things,” of → Cao Zhao 曹昭 as well as the revised and expanded version of the same work by → Wang Zuo 王佐. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming,” for the original Ge gu yao lun. DC 1388. 3 juan. This book discusses such things as bronzes, books, painting and writing, stele samples of calligraphy, the qin 琴, inkstones, rare things, metals, pottery, lacquerware, fine silk, or special types of wood and stone. In 1459, Wang Zuo supplemented many chapters of the book and reorganized their sequence. This new version was called Xin zeng ge gu yao lun 新增格古要論, “Newly Expanded Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things,” or Ge gu yao lun bu 格古要論補, “Supplements to the Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things,” 13 juan in all. The Wang version circulated more widely than the original, and this is the book LSZ lists as Ge gu lun by Wang Zuo in his bibliographical sections. LSZ frequently cites this book in the main text, but there he also occasionally refers the Ge gu lun to Cao Zhao. Ge Hong 葛洪 (284-364) Jin 晉 dynasty Daoist and medical scholar. Style name Zhichuan 稚川, literary name Baopu zi 抱朴子, “The Master Embracing Simplicity.” A man of Ju rong 句容 in Dan yang 丹陽, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. Well accomplished in Daoist lore, Ge was equally knowledgeable in other areas like literature and medicine. He wrote the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , which discusses Daoist topics like immortals, alchemy, and life-extension techniques. LSZ quotes this work frequently but apparently did not believe everything he read there about Daoist immortals. Works quoted include the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 and the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳. LSZ also attributes the → Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一 方, the → Xia guan fu 遐觀賦, and the → Xi jing za ji 西京雜記 to Ge and cites from these works a great deal. He refers to Ge as Ge Hong [88] and as Ge shi 葛氏, “Mr. Ge,” [8]. Ge Hong fang 葛洪方 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 Ge Jingguan fang 葛靜觀方 → Xiao Jingguan fang 蕭靜觀方 Ge Kejiu 葛可久 (1305-53) [6] This is the style name of Ge Qiansun 葛乾孫, a Yuan 元 dynasty physician and writer. A man of Ping jiang lu 平江路, now part of Wu xian 吳縣 in Jiang su 江蘇. Ge came from a family of hereditary physicians and wrote a number of books. He is attributed but probably did not write the → Shi yao shen shu 十藥 神書. Ge Kejiu fang 葛可久方 → Shi yao shen shu 十藥神書

146 Ge kuo 歌括, “Versified directions” [1] Texts on pharmaceutical substances composed in rhymes for easy memorization by physicians at the beginning of their studies. LSZ mentions such texts by → Liu Chun 劉純, → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立, and → Fu Zi 傅滋 in the → Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括 entry in his bibliography but apparently does not cite from them. Ge shi 葛氏,“Mr. Ge”  [8] → Ge Hong 葛洪, author of the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 and other books

 [1] In connection with the → Yun yu yang qiu 韻語陽秋, this is → Ge Changzhi 葛常之. Ge shi fang 葛氏方 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 Ge wu lun 格物論, “discourse on the Investigation of Things” [3] Title of a book. LSZ does not list it in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text. These passages were not taken from the Ge wu lun as quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 but from the Gu jin he bi shi lei bei yao 古今合 璧事類備要, “Essentials of Categorized Matters Like Joint Jade Circles, Quoted from Old and New Literature,” (→ Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧) of Xie Weixin 謝維新. Xie occasionally labeled the entries in his book Ge wu zong lun 格物總論, “General Discourse on the Investigation of Things.” LSZ’s Ge wu lun quotations in SE hu 虎 and SE wu 鹜 are based on Ge wu zong lun material in juan 77, hu 虎, and juan 85, wu 鴨, of Xie’s book, while the Ge wu lun material in SE pi shi 癖石 originates from juan 6, shi 石, where it is labeled Wu li lun 物理 論, “Discourse on the Principles of Things.” Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘論, “Extra discourses on Extending Knowledge by Investigation of Things” [2] Theoretical medical work. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. DC 1347. 1 juan. The text applies the Neo-Confucian principle of “extending knowledge by investigation of things” (ge wu zhi zhi 格物致知) in the field of medicine. It elucidates Zhu’s belief in yang excess and yin depletion and discusses various illnesses, treatment methods, the use of pharmaceutics, and practices to nurture life (yang sheng 養生). LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not mention the name directly in the main text. However, some discussions there are clearly based on it. Ge Zhichuan 葛稚川 → Ge Hong 葛洪 Geng ji bian 庚己編, “Compilation from the years Geng [wu] to Ji [mao]” [2] Ming 明 dynasty collection of fiction. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Lu Can 陸粲. DC 1519. 10 juan. The book focuses on things seen and heard during the years 1510 to 1519, touching upon legal cases, calamities, etc. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but mistakenly attributes the work to → Yao Fu 姚福.

147 The real author Lu Can was a Ming dynasty official and writer. Style name Ziyu 子餘, also Junming 浚明, a man of Chang zhou 長洲 in Wu jun 吳郡, now Su zhou 蘇州. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1526 and held a court appointment. Lu was the author of a Lu Ziyu ji 陸子餘集, “Collection of Lu Ziyu,” as well as the Geng ji bian. Geng Mengde 耿夢得 [1] Southern Song 宋 military official, served in Yin xian 鄞縣, now Ning bo 寧波 in Zhe jiang 浙江. The cure of Geng’s wife from “stone dripping” (shi lin 石淋) was personally witnessed by → Xu Shuwei 許叔微 (1079- c. 1154). LSZ relates this story in SE hu zhang 虎杖. Geng Wei 耿湋 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poet. He passed the jin shi examinations in 763 and held a court office. Geng was famous for his poetry and was considered one of the major talents of his time. LSZ cites two lines from one of Geng’s poems second hand. The poem, which deals with a mistake made by an elderly doctor, is found in the Tang bai jia shi xuan 唐百家詩選, “Selection of Poetry from the 100 Traditions of the Tang dynasty,” and in the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚. Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊, “Jade Volume from the years Geng to Xin” Lost Daoist alchemical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Zhu Quan 朱權, the Ming 明 dynasty prince → Ning Xian wang 寧獻王. DC c. 1426-1435. 8 juan. According to the BCGM, which preserves a number of fragments, the book was based upon a number of early alchemical texts. It details metals, stones, and substances of plant or animal origin, as well as cooking utensils used for alchemical pill preparation. LSZ cites the text as Geng xin yu ce [25] and Yu ce 玉冊, “Jade Volume,” [8]. Gong 恭 → Su Gong 蘇恭 Gong qi fang 宮氣方 → Xiao er gong qi fang 小兒宮氣方 Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong”  [2] In connection with the abbreviation → Yi jian 醫鑒, this may refer to Gong Tingxian 龔廷賢 (→ Gong Yunlin 龔雲林) or his father, authors of the Gu jin yi jian 古今醫鑒, “Mirror of Old and New Medicine.”

 [8] → Gong shi fang 龔氏方, → Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方, → Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方 Gong shi fang 龔氏方, “recipes of Mr. Gong” [1] Abbreviation for a Ming 明 dynasty recipe book of uncertain provenance. LSZ quotes three books by a Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong,” the → Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方, the → Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方, and the → Gu jin yi jian 古今醫鑒. The material quoted by LSZ is not found in the latter source, and the other two are lost, so the title Gong shi fang could refer to either one of them or even to another book.

148 Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. Gong” [5] Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong.” Further details are unavailable, and the book is apparently lost. LSZ lists the title twice in his bibliography (one entry may or may not be an error for the → Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方) and cites it in the main text. A → Gong shi fang 龔氏方, also cited by LSZ, is of uncertain relationship. Gong shi yi jian 龔氏醫鑒 → Yi jian 醫鑒 Gong shi yi jian 龔氏易簡 → Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方 Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方, “Simple recipes by Mr. Gong” Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. EE BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong.” Further details are unavailable, and the book is apparently lost. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections (even though he may erroneously be referring to it as → Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方 there) but quotes recipes in the main text as Gong shi yi jian fang [1] and as Gong shi yi jian 龔氏易簡, “Simple [Recipes] by Mr. Gong,” [1]. A → Gong shi fang 龔氏方, also cited by LSZ, is of uncertain relationship. Gong Tai 宮泰 [1] Famous Jin 晉 dynasty physician. He apparently was good at diagnostics and at treating conditions of rising qi, e.g., in respiratory diseases. LSZ takes over his name from another source. Gong yande 龔彥德 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 of 1237 records one of his recipes, and LSZ takes this over in SE wu yao 烏藥. Gong yunlin 龔雲林 This is the literary name of Gong Tingxian 龔廷賢, a Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. late 16th century. Style name Zicai 子才, a man of Jin xi 金溪, now part of Jiang xi 江西. Son of Gong Xin 龔信 (style name Ruizhi 瑞芝), who held a post at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院). Gong Tingxian abandoned his career as a scholar in order to follow in his father’s footsteps and work as a doctor. After treating the illness of an imperial concubine he was chosen as a Palace Physician (tai yi 太醫). He wrote extensively, his books include the Shou shi bao yuan 壽世保元, “Promoting Longevity by Guarding the Source,” and the Wan bing hui chun 萬病回春, “Restoration of Health from the 10000 Diseases.” Since Gong was a contemporary of LSZ, the BCGM only quotes the Gu jin yi jian 古今醫鑒, “Mirror of Old and New Medicine” (→ Yi jian 醫鑒) by Gong Tingxian and his father. LSZ attributes this book to Gong Yunlin [2] and to a Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong,” [2], a name that might refer to Gong Tingxian or Gong Xin likewise. Gonggong shi 共工氏 [1] Mythological god of water, also called Gonggong 共工. Legend has it that he engaged in a fight with the god of fire, Zhu Rong 祝融. Angered by his defeat,

149 he struck at Bu zhou 不周 mountain so that heaven and earth tilted. According to the → Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記, he was the father of seven untalented sons who after their deaths turned into malicious demons. They can be subdued, though, by ingesting a gruel prepared with red beans. LSZ mentions Gonggong shi in SE chi xiao dou 赤小豆. Gou lou 岣嶁 → Gou lou shen shu 岣嶁神書 Gou lou shen shu 岣嶁神書, “Spirit Book of Gou lou [Mountain]” Apparently lost Ming 明 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM, also Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Nan Gongcong 南宮從, sometimes also attributed to one Jiuxia zi 九霞子. 2 juan. Judging from material in LSZ’s citations and the Ming period Wu bian 武編, “Compilation on Warfare,” by Tang Shunzhi 唐順之 (→ Tang Jingchuan ji 唐荊川集), which includes the Gou lou shen shu’s table of contents, the book focused on transformations and mutual interactions between different categories of things and also included some information on medicinals. Each topic was headed by a set of four characters, followed by a detailed exposition of the topic in question, e.g., how to dry mercury with the help of other substances or which plants to use to turn iron into gold. Since only late Ming writers use the book, it can be dated to the Ming dynasty. In addition to citing the book as Gou lou shen shu [17], LSZ also refers to the work as Gou lou shu 岣嶁書, “Book of Gou lou [Mountain],” [1] and Gou lou 岣嶁, “Gou lou [Mountain],” [1]. Gou lou shu 岣嶁書 → Gou lou shen shu 岣嶁神書 Gou qi jing shi 枸杞井詩, “Poem of the Wolfsthornberry Well” [1] Poem by → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 (772-842). EE Liu bin ke wen ji 劉賓客文集, “Literary Collection of Liu the Adviser,” (→ Liu Yuxi ji 劉禹錫集). LSZ cites the poem in his main text but does not indicate the source of his quotation. Gou xuan 鉤玄, “Exploring the Profound” [5] Yuan 元 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Xianyu Shu 鮮于樞. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, including material on stomach distension due to “water gu” (shui gu 水蠱) and its treatment by the famous Hang zhou 杭州 doctor → Song Huizhi 宋會 之. There is no reference to a Gou xuan by Xianyu Shu in any other bibliography, but the Zhe jiang tong zhi 浙江通志, “Zhe jiang Gazetteer,” of the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567) contains similar material, recorded by Xianyu Shu, on Song Huizhi. Thus, it remains to be verified if during Ming 明 times there was a book called Guo xuan by Xianyu Shu. Gu anzhong 顧安中 [1] Northern Song 宋 person, a man of Guang de 廣德 in present-day An hui 安 徽. According to the → Ming yi lu 名醫錄 of ca. 1077, he once suffered from “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣) with swollen legs and cramped sinews but was cured by the external application of a preparation of the Chinese quince. LSZ cites this in SE mu gua 木瓜.

150 Gu Boyang 穀伯陽 Song 宋 dynasty Daoist. Literary name Baolin zhenren 寶林真人, “Perfected One of the Forest of Treasures.” Details of his life are unavailable. The → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 lists a recipe of his for an “elixir to nourish the proper [qi]” (yang zheng dan 養正丹), which LSZ takes over in SE ling sha 靈砂, referring to Gu as Gu Boyang [1], the Baolin zhenren [1]. Gu du pian 骨度篇 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Gu Han 顧含 Tang 唐 dynasty person. According to the → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方, his sister-in-law lost her eyesight and was cured with a snake’s gallbladder. LSZ cites this in SE ran she 蚺蛇., referring to Gu as Gu Han [1] and as Han 含 [2]. Gu Jian 顧薦 → Gu Wenjian 顧文薦 Gu jiao jiang 鼓角匠, “Craftsman of drums and Horns” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty person. Personal name unknown. A man of Zhang gong 章貢 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. According to the → Jing yan liang fang 經驗良方, he once suffered from “major wind sores” (da feng chuang 大風瘡) but was cured by a recipe given by a Daoist. The recipe is listed in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, and LSZ takes it over in SE feng xiang zhi 楓香脂. Gu Jie 顧岕 Ming 明 dynasty official, incorrectly written Gu Jie 顧玠 [10] by LSZ. Style name Huitang 匯堂, a man of Wu xian 吳縣, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江 蘇. He held local offices. Between 1522 and 1527, Gu held a post in Dan zhou 儋 州 on Hai nan 海南 island and recorded the things he saw there. Much of this original material was lost, but based on his experiences Gu completed the Hai cha yu lu 海槎餘錄, “Extra Records from the Ocean Raft,” (→ Hai cha lu 海槎 錄) in 1540. Gu jin lu yan 古今錄驗 → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方 Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方, “Proven recipes recorded in ancient and Modern Times” Lost book of medical recipes. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Zhen Liyan 甄立言, but sometimes attributed to his brother → Zhen Quan 甄權. DC early 7th century. 50 juan. The book offered easy recipes considered proven by the author. Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → TJBC, and the → ZLBC. Using these fragments but mistakenly attributing the work to → Chu Yushi 初虞世, LSZ quotes the work as Gu jin lu yan fang [10], as Gu jin lu yan 古今錄驗, “Proven [Recipes] Recorded in Ancient and Modern Times” [42], and as Lu yan 錄驗, “Recorded and Proven,” [10]. The occasions where LSZ refers to Chu Yushi by name alone can either be quotations from this book or the → Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方. Gu jin shi hua 古今詩話, “Old and New Poetry Talks” [3] Northern Song 宋 dynasty book of poetry criticism. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Original name Gu

151 jin shi hua lu 古今詩話錄, “Records of Old and New Poetry Talks.” Compiled by Li Qi 李頎. DC between the yuan feng 元豐 (1078-1085) and the jing kang 靖 康 (1126-1127) reign periods. 70 juan. The book was a collection of earlier poetic remarks and criticism from various texts. It is now lost, but fragments survive in the Shi hua zong gui 詩話總龜, “General Compendium of Poetry Talks,” the → Yu yin cong hua 漁隱叢話, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not provide the name of the author. The quotations in the main text are taken from the Yu yin cong hua. In one reference to a → Shi hua 詩話 without indication of an author it is uncertain which poetry talks LSZ is referring to. Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧, “Joint Jade Circles and Categorized Matters, Quoted from Old and New Literature” Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Xu tong zhi yi wen lüe 續通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Sequel to the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN there Gu jin he bi shi lei bei yao 古今合璧事類備要, “Essentials of Categorized Matters Like Joint Jade Circles, Quoted from Old and New Literature.” Written by Xie Weixin 謝維新. DC 1257. Total of 366 juan, 69 in an earlier collection (qian ji 前集), 81 in a later collection (hou ji 候集), 56 in a subsequent collection (xu ji 續集), 94 in a separate collection (bie ji 別集), and 66 in an outer collection (wai ji 外 集). The encyclopedia reveals a broad selection of material but does not include information about landscapes and scenic spots. Such material was found elsewhere, e.g., in the → Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽 of → Zhu Mu 祝穆. The Gu jin shi lei he bi begins each section with factual information, followed by quotations from prose and poetry. There is a great deal of material devoted to anecdotes, governmental institutions, etc. The outer collection consists of information on herbs, trees, flowers, birds and beasts, worms/bugs, etc. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections as Gu jin shi lei he bi [1] and in the main text as Shi lei he bi 事類合璧, “Categorized Matters and Joint Jade Circles” [9]. Material labeled → Ge wu lun 格物論 by LSZ was also taken from this text. The author Xie Weixin is not mentioned by LSZ. Style name Qujiu 去咎, a man of Jian an 建安, the present-day Nan jing 南京, jin shi. In his Gu jin shi lei he bi he sought to summarize material from earlier encyclopedias, pointing out their merits and faults. Gu jin yun hui 古今韻會, “Collection of rhymes Old and New” Late Song 宋 or early Yuan 元 lost book of rhymes. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Huang Gongshao 黃公紹 (erroneously called Huang Gongwu 黃公武 by LSZ). The original version is lost, but a supplemented and annotated version by the Yuan dynasty scholar Xiong Zhongzai 熊忠在 survives, the Gu jin yun hui ju yao 古今韻會舉要, “Summary of the Collection of Rhymes Old and New,” in 30 juan. This supplemented version is occasionally attributed to Huang Gongshao, and it is this book and not the original that LSZ used. He cites the work as Gu jin yun hui [2], as Yun hui 韻會, “Collection of Rhymes” [2], and as Huang shi yun hui 黃氏韻會, “Mr. Huang’s Collection of Rhymes,” [1].

152 Gu jin zhu 古今注, “Notes on Things Old and New”  Lost Eastern Han 漢 book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Fu hou gu jin zhu 伏侯古今注, “Notes by Marquis Fu on Things Old and New.” Written by Fu Wuji 伏無忌, also called Marquis Fu (→ Fu hou 伏侯, incorrectly written Fu hou 伏候 in the BCGM). 8 juan. The text focuses on imperial titles of the Eastern Han period, celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), geographical organization, etc. LSZ erroneously cites a Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今注, “Notes on Chinese Things Old and New,” [2] by Marquis Fu in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but the material he is citing second hand goes back to the Five Dynasties → Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今注 of Ma Gao 馬縞. One reference to a Gu jin zhu of Fu hou 伏候 in SE yan zhi 燕脂 is actually taken from the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 . LSZ obviously confused the three books and did not use the Gu jin zhu of Fu Wuji at all.

 Western Jin 晉 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Cui Bao 崔豹. 1 juan (AV 3 juan). The text records names and descriptions of things from older texts, including animals, fish, and plants. The book is frequently quoted in the → ZLBC. The original Gu jin zhu was lost early, and Tang editors apparently assembled pre-Wei 魏 material and attributed it to Cui Bao. The received version of the Gu jin zhu can therefore be considered a forgery. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Gu jin zhu [45], often in connection with the author’s name. In SE yan zhi 燕脂, he erroneously labels the title with the name of → Fu hou 伏侯 (incorrectly written Fu hou 伏 候). He also cites the book by the name of Cui Bao [7] alone, and one fragment labeled → Su E yan yi 蘇鶚演義 is found in the Gu jin zhu as well. Gu Min 顧閔 [1] Man of the Ming 明 dynasty. In SE zhu shui you du 諸水有毒, LSZ includes one story about him suffering from “bone blockage-illness” (gu bi 骨痹) after crossing a river. Gu she shenren 姑射神人, “The Holy Man of [Mount] Gu she” [1] This is an unnamed character from the → Zhuang zi 莊子 . A Daoist immortal who, according to the legend that LSZ took over, inhaled wind and drank dew. Gu Wei 顧微 [10] Jin 晉 dynasty man, sometimes written Gu Zheng 顧徵. Author of the → Guang zhou ji 廣州記 . Gu Wenjian 顧文薦 Man of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty. The Wan wei shan tang 宛委山堂, “Wan wei Mountain Hall” edition of the → Shuo fu 説郛 includes his Fu xuan za lu 負暄雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Sun’s Warmth on Winter Days,” (→ Fu xuan lu 負暄錄). LSZ uses material from these sources, citing Gu’s name as Gu Wenjian [1] and incorrectly as Gu Jian 顧薦 [1]. The Gu su zhi 姑蘇志, “Gu su Gazetteer,” lists a Fu xuan za lu by a man called Gu Feng 顧逢. This gazetteer, compiled and repeatedly revised from Southern Song to Ming 明 times, seems

153 a reliable source, so one may assume that the Gu Wenjian cited by LSZ was actually called Gu Feng. Gu Feng, style name Junji 君際, was a man of Ping jiang 平江 in present-day Su zhou 蘇州. He was a famous scholar between 1234 and 1252. Gu Feng (or Gu Wenjian) was also the author of the Chuan chuang ye hua 船窗夜話, “Night Talks at the Boat Window,” a work that, among other things, related stories about medical substances. Gu yewang 顧野王 (519-581) [2] Southern Liang 梁 and Chen 陳 dynasties scholar specialized in character semantics. Style name Xifeng 希馮, a man of Wu 吳 in Wu jun 吳郡, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He held various high offices under the Liang and Chen dynasties. On imperial order and after extensively studying the form, structure, and semantics of old and new Chinese characters, he compiled the → Yu pian 玉篇 in 30 juan. Gu yuanqing 顧元慶 (1487-1565) [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. Style name Dayou 大有, literary name Dashi shanren 大石山人, “Hermit of Mount Da shi.” A man of Chang zhou 長洲, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Gu was a bibliophile with a focus on illustrated books as well as a prolific writer and publisher. His publishing house was named Yi bai tang 夷白堂, “Yi bai Hall.” LSZ cites his → Yan pu ou tan 檐曝偶談 in SE xiao mai 小麥. Gu yue fu 古樂府, “ancient Yue fu” [6]  Han 漢, Wei 魏, Jin 晉, and Northern and Southern Dynasties genre of poetry that was apparently collected and written at the Imperial Music Bureau (yue fu 樂府). Yue fu poems quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and elsewhere are of this type.

 Yuan 元 dynasty collection of yue fu poetry (→ Gu yue fu 古樂府 ) of preSui 隋 times. Compiled by Zuo Keming 左克名. LSZ neither mentions Zuo’s name nor does he list the collection in his bibliography, so the Gu yue fu material he quotes are second or third hand quotations from books such as the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼. Gu zi 古字, “ancient Writing” Source for the name of a pharmaceutical substance. LSZ refers the alternative name pu tao 蒲桃 to a Gu zi. Explaining this name, he states that it is the → Han shu 漢書 that writes pu tao 蒲桃 instead of pu tao 葡萄 (grapes). Hence, pu tao 蒲桃 originates from the Han shu as an “ancient form of writing” (gu zi 古字), which is not the title of a book. Guai bing qi fang 怪病奇方, “Exceptional recipes for Strange diseases” [3] Abbreviation for different recipe collections. LSZ lists recipes from a Guai bing qi fang by → Li Lou 李樓, a Guai bing qi fang without indication of an author, and a Guai bing qi fang by → Xia Ziyi 夏子益. All three of the cited recipes can be found in the → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 of Li Lou. The latter, however,

154 is also found in the earlier → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 of Xia Ziyi, the work the Guai zheng qi fang was based on. Guai ji qi fang 怪疾奇方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Guai zheng fang 怪證方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Guai zheng fang 怪症方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方, “Exceptional recipes for Strange disease Signs” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” AN Guai zheng qi fang 怪症 奇方, “Exceptional Recipes for Strange Symptoms.” Written by → Li Lou 李 樓 (style name Xiaoshan 小山). DC 1544. 2 juan surviving. The text details 49 strange diseases and their appropriate treatment methods. Much of the material in the text comes from the Song 宋 period → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 of → Xia Ziyi 夏子益, so the contents of the two books are quite similar. LSZ cites the book as Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 [8], as Guai zheng qi fang 怪症奇方 [1], as Guai bing qi fang 怪病奇方, “Exceptional Recipes for Strange Diseases,” [2], Guai ji qi fang 怪疾奇方, “Exceptional Recipes for Strange Illnesses,” [1], Guai zheng fang 怪證方, “Recipes for Strange [Disease] Signs,” [4], or Guai zheng fang 怪症方, “Recipes for Strange Symptoms,” [2]. To these abbreviations he often adds the author’s name. In addition to that, he refers to the work as Li Lou fang 李樓方, “Recipes of Li Lou,” [2], Xiao shan qi fang 小山奇方, “Exceptional Recipes of [Li] Xiaoshan,” [1], Li Lou qi fang 李樓奇方, “Exceptional Recipes of Li Lou,” [14], or to the author’s names alone, i.e., to Xiaoshan [1] or Li Lou [2]. Guai zheng qi fang 怪症奇方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Guai zheng qi ji fang 怪證奇疾方 → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 Guan Botong 管伯同 Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Lin chuan 臨川, now Fu zhou 撫州 in Jiang xi 江西, worked as a tutor in a family school. When the wife of → Cheng Huqing 程虎卿 suffered from a pregnancy syndrome, Guan Botong related to him the views of → Chen Ziming 陳自明, explaining that this was a case of “dryness in the long-term depots” (zang zao 臟燥), and cured the woman by one dose of “red jujube decoction” (da zao tang 大棗湯). The story is recorded in the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, and LSZ takes it over but erroneously renders Guan’s name Guan Bozhou 管伯周 [1] in SE zao 棗. Guan Bozhou 管伯周 → Guang Bo tong 管伯同 Guan Fan 管範 [1] Southern 宋 Song medical official mentioned in a story related in the → Yi shuo 醫説. He apparently spoke to → Wang shu shi 王樞使 about a recipe with pig’s fat and sulfur. LSZ erroneously attributes Wang’s words on the topic to him in SE shi liu huang 石硫黃. Guanyin 觀音 [9] This is the Goddess of Mercy, also called Guanshiyin 觀世音, one of the main Boddhisatvas in Mahayana Buddhism. The name is a translation of the original

155 male Sanskrit name Avalokiteshvara into Chinese. According to the Buddhist canon, she is able to take any physical form, she is boundlessly merciful and rescues from suffering. In Chinese temples and monasteries, as well as in legends and stories Guanyin is often depicted as a female, with her hands holding a bowl with pure water and a willow branch. She is said to reside on the island of Pu tuo shan 普陀山 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Popular religion regards her as a deity that brings children (song zi 送子). LSZ refers to Guanyin in connection with her appearance in dreams, in which she transmits recipes leading to a cure. He also mentions the power of her name to cure diseases, various therapeutic drugs that are named after her, and other issues associated with the goddess. Guanyin zi 關尹子, “Master Guanyin” [1]  This is the honorific title of Yin Xi 尹喜, also called Guan Yin 關尹, “Commander of the Pass,” the late Spring and Autumn period gatekeeper who was allegedly transmitted the teachings and scriptures by → Lao zi 老子 .

 Title of a book. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” According to legend, the text was compiled by Yin Xi 尹喜 (→ Guanyin zi 關尹子 ). 9 chapters. The original text ist lost, and a text of that name extent today was compiled during the Southern Song 宋. LSZ cites it in SE ha ma 蛤蟆. Guan yu pian 觀玉篇, “Chapter on Watching Jade” [2] Poetical text by → Chen Zi’ang 陳子昂. AN Guan jing yu pian 觀荊玉篇, “Chapter on Watching Brambles and Jade.” It is from the poet’s collected works, the Chen shi yi ji 陳拾遺集. “Collection of Chen’s Supplementary Amplifications.” In 686, Chen accompanied the army north and during the campaign consumed a great deal of his favorite wolfberry (gou qi 枸杞), sharing it with a fellow official. His poem grew out of this encounter and the latter’s failure to appreciate the berries. The text is quoted twice in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ takes his quotations in the main text of the BCGM. Guan zi 管子, “Master Guan” Collection of philosophical texts. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Traditionally attributed to Guan Zhong 管仲 (died c. 645 BCE), but probably written by scholars of the Ji xia 稷 下 academy in the state of Qi 齊. Edited by → Liu Xiang 劉向. DC Warring States period, but the text includes material from as late as Han 漢 times. 24 juan, 86 chapters in the original. Now only 76 chapters survive, with the material arranged under 8 headings. The contents are rather jumbled and include thought of different philosophical schools like Legalists, Daoists, or Dialecticians, as well as material on celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), calendrical science, geography, economics, and farming science. Also featured is cosmology. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Guan zi [17]. In the main text he draws material on the characteristics of minerals and the nomenclature and production of other medicinals, in one instance citing the relevant chapter of the Guan zi as Wu xing pian 五行篇, “Chapter on the Five Phases,” [1].

156 Guang gu jin wu xing ji 廣古今五行記, “Expanded Old and New records of the Five Phases” Early Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Dou Weiwu 竇 維鋈. 30 juan. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, and other books. LSZ cites one fragment second hand, erroneously abbreviating the title to Wu xing ji 五行記, “Records of the Five Phases,” [1]. There is in fact a Wu xing ji written by the Sui 隋 author Xiao Ji 蕭吉, but that is not the text LSZ is quoting in SE yi 蟻. Guang ji 廣記 → Shi lin guang ji 事林廣記 Guang ji 廣濟, “Extensive assistance” Abbreviation for the → Kai yuan guang ji fang 開元廣濟方. Note that Guang ji is also an ancient geographical name, for further information see Vol. 2 of this dictionary on geographical designations and administrative structures. Guang ji fang 廣濟方 → Kai yuan guang ji fang 開元廣濟方 Guang ji li 廣濟歷, “Experiences for Extensive assistance” [1] Text cited in the Si bi 四筆, “Four Writing Brushes,” section of the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆, from which LSZ takes his citation. Guang li 廣利 → Zhen yuan guang li fang 貞元廣利方 Guang li fang 廣利方 → Zhen yuan guang li fang 貞元廣利方 Guang nan fang 廣南方 → Ling nan fang 嶺南方 Guang wu xing ji 廣五行記, “Expanded records of the Five Phases” [3] Lost, anonymous book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The text records an event taking place in 692 during the time of the Tang 唐 empress Wu Zetian 武 則天 (→ Wu hou 武候), therefore its date of compilation can be estimated to the period between that time and the Five Dynasties. The → Tai ping yu lan 太 平御覽, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, and other books preserve fragments of the text, and one fragment is also quoted in the → ZLBC. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites the ZLBC material as well as a fragment on ren shen 人參 from the Tai ping yu lan. Guang ya 廣雅, “Expanded Examples of refined usage” [64] Three Kingdoms period lexicographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Zhang Yi 張 揖. Originally 3 juan, later reorganized into 10 juan. The book uses the → Er ya 爾雅 as a basis for its material and organization, thus the name. It also draws widely upon earlier Han 漢 dynasty dictionaries like the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文 解字  or the → Fang yan 方言. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and frequently cites it in the main text.

157 Guang yi ji 廣異記, “Expanded records of Extraordinary Things” [2] Lost late Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華. Written by Dai Junfu 戴君孚. 20 juan. The Wen yuan ying hua and other books preserve a preface from the work, written by Gu Kuang 顧況. Fragments are also quoted by numerous books from late Tang through early Song 宋 times. Chapters are found in the → Shuo fu 説郛, and a section is quoted in the → ZLBC, which appears to have been taken from the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記. LSZ lists the Guang yi ji in his bibliographical sections and quotes material second hand from the ZLBC in the main text. However, in his bibliographical sections he makes → Yue Shi 樂史 (930-1007) the author, who actually wrote a Guang zhuo yi ji 廣卓異記, “Expanded Records on Outstanding and Extraordinary Things,” and not a Guang yi ji. Yue Shi also lived too late (he passed the jin shi examinations in 980 and wrote his books later in life) to have been the author of the Guang yi ji, which is already quoted in the Tai ping guang ji of 978 and in earlier sources. Guang yun 廣韻, “Expanded Book of rhymes” [5] Song 宋 dynasty dictionary, arranged in rhymes. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Da Song chong xiu guang yun 大宋重修廣韻, “Expanded Book of Rhymes, Repeatedly Revised under the Great Song.” Written by → Chen Pengnian 陳彭年 and others at imperial orders as a revision of earlier material. 5 juan. Originally, this was to be a revision of the Sui 隋 dynasty → Qie yun 切韻 of Lu Fayan 陸法言 and the → Tang yun 唐韻 of → Sun Mian 孫愐. The text increased the number of characters covered, the annotations, and the number of divisions, including more than 26,000 characters in all. The result was one of the most important works of Chinese historical phonology. The book is cited in the main text but not in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM. LSZ erroneously assigns the work to Sun Mian, whose preface to the Tang yun preceeds the text of the Guang yun even though he was not the author of the work. Guang zhi 廣志, “records of the Guang area” [60] Lost Jin 晉 dynasty geographical text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Guo Yigong 郭義恭. 2 juan. This is the earliest specialized geography of the Ling nan 嶺南 area. Fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → ZLBC, and other works. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and frequently cites it second hand in the main text. Guang zhou ji 廣州記, “records of Guang zhou” Name of two lost books. EE → Shui jing zhu 水經注, → Qi min yao shu 齊民 要術, etc.  [10] Jin 晉 dynasty, written by → Pei Yuan 裴淵.

 [9] Jin dynasty, written by → Gu Wei 顧微 (AV Gu Zheng 顧徵, Gu Weizhi 顧微之). Both books describe geography, scenery, local products, etc., of the area that is now Guang dong 廣東 and Guang xi 廣西, as they existed during Jin times.

158 They are quoted in texts from the Northern Wei 魏 on, so it is difficult to determine their date of compilation. However, it is clear from the quotations in the Qi min yao shu that the two books were not alike. Numerous fragments are preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽. Quoting from a Guang zhou ji, later books give no indication of the author. While the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 and the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 of → Li Xun 李珣 frequently quote a Guang zhou ji, they occasionally refer to Gu Wei but never mention Pei Yuan’s name. LSZ cites both books in his bibliographical sections and in the main text, sometimes assigning fragments to one of the authors, sometimes not. However, Guang zhou ji material from the Ben cao shi yi is mostly assigned to Pei Yuan by LSZ. It becomes apparent that historical sources quoting a Guang zhou ji got mixed up about the original source and authorship. For example, the → Shuo fu 説郛 refers to the Gu Wei Guang zhou ji but has earlier Qi min yao shu material assigned to Pei Yuan mixed in. It can thus be assumed that by the time of the compilation of the BCGM, the confusion about the two books was even greater. LSZ cites his material from various sources, referring to the Guang zhou ji [28] or, incorrectly, to the Guang zhou zhi 廣州志, “Guang zhou Gazetter,” [7]. Guang zhou yi wu zhi 廣州異物志, “records of Extraordinaty Things from Guang zhou” [1] Title of a book quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Date and author unknown. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections but cites a fragment second hand in SE feng li 風狸 from the Tai ping yu lan’s feng mu 風 母 entry. However, the same material is referred to the → Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南 州異物志 there. Guang zhou zhi 廣州志 → Guang zhou ji 廣州記 Gui ce zhuan 龜策傳 → Shi ji 史記 Gui deng 歸登 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, the Minister of Public Works (gong bu shang shu 工部 尚書). Fl. 8th to 9th centuries. → Han Yu 韓愈 states that he ingested mercury, and LSZ takes this over in SE shui yin 水銀. Gui fu 桂父, “Cinnamon Father” [1] Divine immortal of ancient times. According to the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, he was from Xiang lin 象林 in present-day Vietnam, near Da Nang 峴港. He is said to have regularly ingested cinnamon and mallow blended with turtle brain. LSZ cites this in SE jun gui 箘桂. Gui ge shi yi 閨閣事宜, “arrangements for the Ladies’ Chambers” [6] Yuan 元 dynasty text. See bibliography of the BCGM. There is no information available on the author, but there is not much doubt about the time of the text’s composition. It forms part of the geng 庚 collection of the anonymous → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用. LSZ makes it a separate book and takes information on medicinals from it.

159 Gui hai yu heng zhi 桂海虞衡志, “Treatise of the Supervisor and Guardian of the Cinnamon Sea” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Fan Chengda 范成大. DC 1175. 3 juan (1 juan surviving). The collection is one of the era’s most important of its kind for investigating the Chinese south. It focuses on a trip from the Guang nan 廣南 region into Si chuan 四川 and the places, people, utensils, wildlife, botany, geology, etc., encountered on the way. These issues are discussed under 13 headings, each preceded by its own small introduction. LSZ cites the work as Gui hai yu heng zhi [1] in his bibliographical sections and in the main text as Yu heng zhi 虞衡志, “Treatise of the Supervisor and Guardian,” [17], as Gui hai zhi 桂海志, “Treatise of the Cinnamon Sea,” [20], usually labeling these titles with one of the names of the author. He also uses the name Fan Chengda [2] alone to refer to material from this book. Gui hai zhi 桂海志 → Gui hai yu heng zhi 桂海虞衡志 Gui jing 龜經, “Tortoise Classic” [1] Possibly the name of a Jin 晉 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Shi Su 史蘇. 1 juan. This is a book on ancient tortoise shell divination, one of many available in early times, of which very few have survived. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not name an author. Since he does not cite any material in the main text, it remains uncertain if he is referring to the Gui jing of Shi Su or some other book of the same name. Gui tian lu 歸田錄, “Notes Taken after returning to the Fields” [3] A Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修. DC zhi ping 治平 reign period (10641067). 2 juan, 115 paragraphs. The work is devoted to traditional anecdotes Ouyang Xiu heard and saw in court and commonality after his retirement. The Gui tian lu was included in Ouyang’s literary collection, the Ouyang Wenzhong gong wen ji 歐陽文忠公文集, “Literary Collection of Ouyang the Literary and Loyal Lord,” (→ Ouyang gong wen ji 歐陽公文集), but also circulated separately. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Gui xin za zhi 癸辛雜識, “Miscellaneous Memories from Gui xin” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xu tong zhi yi wen lüe 續通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Sequel to the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Zhou Mi 周密. 6 juan. The book was compiled on Gui xin street in Hang zhou 杭州, thus its name. The book is similar to Zhou’s → Qi dong ye yu 齊東野語 but contains more anecdotes and miscellaneous information and less documentary fact. LSZ cites the work erroneously as Gui xin za zhi 癸辛雜志, “Miscellaneous Records from Gui xin,” [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

160 Gui yi fang 鬼遺方 → Liu Juanzi gui yi fang 劉涓子鬼遺方 Guifang 鬼方 [1] Name of an ancient tribe. Also called Guifang shi 鬼方氏, “the ones from the devil’s region.” During Yin 殷 and Zhou 周 times they lived at the northern borders of modern Shaan xi 陝西 and Shan xi 山西. According to the → Shi ji 史 記 a man called Lu Zhong 陸終 (→ Lu Zhongshi 陸終氏) married a woman of the Guifang tribe. LSZ takes this story over in SE ren gui 人傀. Guigu zi 鬼谷子, “Master of the Valley of Ghosts” [1] Title of a book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to a Spring and Autumn Period philosopher called Gui gu zi, but the text is generally considered a forgery of later times, possibly Warring States to Han 漢, recent findings even date it to the Northern and Southern Dynasties. 3 juan. The book’s contents focus on strategic planning such as military strategies, forming political coalitions, or the art of conversation and speech. An annotated edition by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 is extant today, but the wording of the fragment LSZ cites in SE zhi dang 螲蟷 suggests that he took his material from the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎. Gun 鯀 [4] Ancient tribal chieftain, father of Yu 禹 the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹). He received orders by the legendary emperor → Yao 堯 to prevent floods by building dykes. When further flood damage occurred, he was put to death by Shun 舜 on Yu 羽 mountain. According to the → Zuo zhuan 左傳, he was transformed into a spirit-god, a “Yellow Bear” (huang xiong 黃熊). Guo Jingchun 郭景純 → Guo Pu 郭璞 Guo Jizhong 郭稽中 Northern Song 宋 physician and medical writer, fl. 12th century. Guo was a medical teacher and had a reputation for being a good doctor with particular abilities in gynecology. He added recipes to a short theoretical text by Li Shisheng 李 師聖 called Chan lun 產論, “Discourse on Childbearing,” to produce the Fu ren chan yu bao qing ji 婦人產育保慶集, “Collection Protecting Good Fortune of Women Bearing and Bringing Up Children,” (→ Fu ren fang 婦人方 ). Guo, not Li, is considered the author of this text by LSZ. Guo Jizhong fang 郭稽中方 → Fu ren fang 婦人方  Guo Pu 郭璞 (276-324) Eastern Jin 晉 literatus with special interests in lexicography, semantics, and yin yang divination. Style name Jingchun 景純, a man of Wen xi 聞喜 in He dong 河東, now part of Shan xi 山西. He was the author of an → Er ya zhu 爾雅注 , a major compendium for studies on the → Er ya 爾雅, a Shan hai jing zhu 山海經注, “Annotations to the Shan hai jing,” (→ Shan hai jing 山海經) and an annotated edition of the → Fang yan 方言, the Fang yan zhu 方言注, “Annotations to the Fang yan.” In addition to the Er ya zhu, LSZ also quotes a → Hai fu 海賦 by Guo – probably an erroneous name for Jiang fu 江賦, “Rhapsody on the Yang zi River.” Guo is sometimes also attributed the → Shui jing 水經, its anno-

161 tations, or the → Xuan zhong ji 玄中記. LSZ refers to him as Guo Pu [180], as Guo Jingchun 郭景純 [1], and as Guo shi 郭氏, “Mr. Guo,” [1]. Guo Pu fu 郭璞賦 → Hai fu 海賦 Guo Pu zhu 郭璞注, “Guo Pu’s annotations” Without any other title added, these are annotations of → Guo Pu 郭璞 to the following texts:  [14] → Shan hai jing 山海經

 [37] → Er ya 爾雅, i.e., the → Er ya zhu 爾雅注  Guo Pu zhu Er ya 郭璞注爾雅 → Er ya zhu 爾雅注  Guo Pu zhu Fang yan 郭璞注方言 → Fang yan 方言 Guo Pu zhu Shan hai jing 郭璞注山海經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 Guo ran fu 果然賦, “rhapsody on the Guo ran-Monkey”[2] Lost Three Kingdoms Wei 魏 fu 賦 on the guo ran 果然 monkey. EE → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Written by → Zhong Yu 鍾毓. LSZ cites the fu in his bibliographical sections and his main text, using fragments either from the Yi wen lei ju or the Tai ping yu lan. Guo shi 郭氏, “Mr. Guo”  [1] In connection with the → Guang zhi 廣志, this is → Guo Yigong 郭義恭.

 [1] In connection with annotations to the → Er ya 爾雅, this is → Guo Pu 郭璞. Guo shi 蟈氏, “Frog Gentleman” [2] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of eliminating frogs. Guo shi bu 國史補, “Supplement to the History of the Empire” [4] The original name, used by LSZ, of the Tang guo shi bu 唐國史補, “Supplement to the History of the Tang Empire,” a collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Li Zhao 李肇. DC early 9th century. 3 juan. The book records Tang 唐 history, from the origins of the dynasty until 824 and describes the social customs of the time, the activities of literary people, government offices, the examination system, etc. The intention was “to record facts, explore the nature of things, differentiate doubts, give admonitions, collect local customs and help enjoyment.” This pattern was imitated by bi ji literature from later periods. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He also occasionally refers to a → Tang shi 唐史, a general term for several texts covering the Tang dynasty, which may include the Guo shi bu as well. Guo shi jun 郭使君, “Commissioner Guo” [1] Legendary person. The → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 claims that one Guo shi jun from Fan zhou 潘州 was the first to use Quisqualis fruit (shi jun zi 使君子) as a solitary substance in the treatment of children. Hence physicians in later times called the drug shi jun zi.

162 Guo shi zhu Er ya 郭氏注爾雅 → Er ya zhu 爾雅注  Guo Tan 郭坦 [1] Person of the Northern and Southern Dynasties period or before. A man of An lu 安陸 in present-day Hu bei 湖北. In SE xie 薤, LSZ takes over a medical case history from the → Qi xie ji 齊諧記 on the illness of Guo’s elder brother. Guo Wen 郭文 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty physician. Style name Caifu 才甫. Author of a → Chuang ke xin yao 瘡科心要, an assemblage of knowledge on external medicine transmitted in his family. LSZ cites this in SE da ma 大麻. Guo Xian 郭憲 [4] Man of the Eastern Han 漢 dynasty. Style name Ziheng 子橫, a man of Song 宋 in Ru nan 汝南, in the north of present-day Tai he 太和 county in An hui 安 徽. He was made an Erudite (bo shi 博士) by the emperor Guang Wu di 光武帝 and later received a high court post. He is attributed the → Dong ming ji 洞冥 記, but this is doubted by some. Guo Xiang 郭象 (died 312) [1] Western Jin 晉 philosopher. Style name Zixuan 子玄. He was a man of Luo yang 洛陽 and held various court appointments. Interested in Daoist philosophy and “pure conversations” (qing tan 清談) in particular, Guo expanded the → Zhuang zi 莊子  commentary of Xiang Xiu 向秀 and also wrote one of the most important annotated editions of the Zhuang zi, the Zhuang zi zhu 莊子注, “Annotations to the Zhuang zi.” LSZ lists his annotated edition of the Zhuang zi in his bibliography and, without mentioning Guo’s name again, uses this book as a source for his Zhuang zi quotations in the main text. Guo yi 郭醫, “dr. Guo” [1] Southern Song 宋 medical expert. Personal name unknown. A man of Lu zhou 廬州, now He fei 合肥 in An hui 安徽. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he used an external application of bai zhi 白芷 and zhu sha 朱砂 for the treatment of toothache. The → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 cites only the recipe without mentioning Guo’s name. LSZ, in comparison, does refer to Guo in SE bai zhi 白芷, but erroneously regards the Yin lin ji yao as the original source of the recipe. Guo yigong 郭義恭 Man of the Jin 晉 dynasty, no further details about his life available. He wrote the geographical text → Guang zhi 廣志, fragments of which are frequently cited by LSZ. LSZ refers to him as Guo Yigong [22] and as Guo shi 郭氏, “Mr. Guo,” [1]. Guo yu 國語, “Talks from the States” Historical text. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” DC probably Han 漢. 21 juan. Attributed to Zuo Qiuming 左丘明 (→ Zuo shi 左氏) of the Spring and Autumn Period, but textual research has shown that the book was probably written during Han times. The book provides historical anecdotes from the late Western Zhou and Spring

163 and Autumn periods, centering on the area of Lu 魯 and other important states. Its material is similar to that offered in the → Zuo zhuan 左傳, thus the text is sometimes titled Chun qiu wai zhuan 春秋外傳, “Outer Tradition to the Chun qiu.” LSZ refers to the book as Guo yu [3] and Zuo shi guo yu 左氏國語, “ Mr. Zuo’s Talks from the States,” [1]. Guo zhu 郭注 → Er ya zhu 爾雅注 

-HHai cha lu 海槎錄, “records from the Ocean raft” [11] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Hai cha yu lu 海槎餘錄, “Extra Records from the Ocean Raft,” a collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Gu Jie 顧岕 (→ Gu Jie 顧玠). DC 1540. 1 juan. The book is a memoir of the author’s service as an official in Dan zhou 儋州 (on Hai nan 海南 island) and his experiences there. It includes information on geography, customs, wildlife, and local products, some of this material relating to medicinals. Hai fu 海賦, “rhapsody on the Sea” [1] Han 漢 or Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty fu 賦. LSZ refers to a Hai fu by → Guo Pu 郭璞, but Guo Pu actually only wrote a Jiang fu 江賦, “Rhapsody on the Yang zi River,” which is cited in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚. There are various poems called Hai fu, but none of them was composed by Guo Pu. Textual research shows that the citations in the main text of the BCGM labeled Hai fu or Guo Pu fu 郭璞賦, “Rhapsody by Guo Pu,” [4], are all taken from the Jiang fu in the Yi wen lei ju. The poem describes various things related to bodies of water. Hai ke lun 海客論, “discourses of the Seafarer” [1] Daoist book. FE Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). The text is a report of things witnessed overseas during the Five Dynasties period by the maritime traveler Li Guangyuan 李光元. It is still extant today. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in SE shui yin fen 水銀粉. Hai lu sui shi 海錄碎事, “Odds and Ends recorded Vastly as an Ocean” [4] Song 宋 dynasty encyclopedia. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Ye Tinggui 葉廷 珪. DC 1149. 22 juan. The text collected together numerous fragmentary pieces of information, thus the name. LSZ uses its material related to pharmaceutics. He cites the book in the bibliographical sections and the main text but does not indicate the author. Hai shang 海上 → Hai shang fang 海上方

164 Hai shang fang 海上方, “recipes from abroad” Various medical recipe books. LSZ often does not indicate an author, labeling his material simply Hai shang fang [28] or Hai shang 海上, “From Abroad,” [8]. In such cases the source of each quotation must be determined individually or remains uncertain. In ten cases Hai shang fang is not the title of a book but a general term for folk recipes, e.g., if LSZ writes: “This is a recipe from abroad” (hai shang fang ye 海 上方也).  [26] Referred to → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮, AN for the → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方  → Wen Yinju hai shang fang 溫隱居海上方 of Wen Daming 溫大明 (→ Wen Yinju 溫隱居).

 Sun zhenren hai shang xian fang 孫真人海上仙方, “Sun the Perfected One’s Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad,” (→ Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方)

 Any Hai shang fang quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. The Pu ji fang, a major source for LSZ, cites at least 200 fragments of uncertain texts under the general title Hai shang fang. These could be from the above three texts or any other.

 Any otherwise unsuspected sources with Hai shang fang as part of the title. Hai shang fang jue 海上方訣 → Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方 Hai shang fang shi 海上方詩 → Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方 Hai shang ge 海上歌 → Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方 Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes from abroad” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮. DC 9th century. 10 juan. Extensive fragments are quoted in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ gets his material. LSZ quotes the book as Hai shang ji yan fang [12], as Hai shang fang 海上方, “Recipes from Abroad,” [26], and as Ji yan fang 集驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes,” [1], labeling the latter two titles with Cui Yuanliang’s name every time. He also refers to the work as Cui Yuanliang fang 崔元亮方, “Recipes of Cui Yuanliang,” [3] or using the author’s name, Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮 [1] and Cui shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui.” However, there are also other authors surnamed Cui cited in the BCGM, and most → Cui shi 崔氏 references are not specific enough to establish which one is being cited. Occasionally, the text might be referred to as → Hai shang fang 海上方 without indication of an author, but this title also applies to a variety of other texts, so the reference is not clear. Hai shang miao fang 海上妙方, “Miraculous recipes from abroad” [1] Recipe collection. EE BCGM. Further information is lacking. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites one recipe in the main text. This entry may be a slip of the pen for → Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方.

165 Hai shang ming fang 海上名方, “Famous recipes from abroad” [19] Southern Song 宋 medical book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Qian Yu 錢竽. DC 1165-1173. 1 juan. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 preserves 10 fragments, and LSZ quoted from this source but was apparently unaware of the name of the author. The author’s exact life dates and native place are uncertain, but the Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness,” states that he was in charge of Chu zhou 處州 during the qian dao 乾道 reign period (1165-1173). It can therefore be said that Qian Yu was a local official who was active during the second half of the 12th century. Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方, “Immortals’ recipes from abroad” Book of versified medical recipes. FE Bai jia ming shu 百家名書, “Famous Books of the Hundred Traditions.” LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but provides no indication of the author. At the beginning of the Ming 明 dynasty, a compilation of the Sun zhenren hai shang xian fang 孫真人海上仙方, “Sun the Perfected One’s Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad,” and the Yinju zhu dao fang fu yao xu zhi 隱居助道方服藥須知, “What Must Be Known when Taking the Hermit’s Recipes to Assist the Dao” of Wen Daming 溫大明 (→ Wen Yinju 溫隱居) was published. This collection is known as the Bei ji hai shang fang 備急海上方, “Recipes from Abroad for Emergencies.” After further editing during the late Ming dynasty, this work was divided again into two collections called Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方, the earlier collection (qian ji 前集) consisting of Wen’s book now called Wen Yinju hai shang xian fang 溫 隱居海上仙方, “Wen the Hermit’s Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad,” (→ Wen Yinju hai shang fang 溫隱居海上方) and a later collection (hou ji 後集) of the Sun zhenren hai shang xian fang. Citing the Hai shang xian fang, LSZ distinguishes between the Wen Yinju hai shang fang and a Hai shang xian fang but leaves it unclear if the latter name refers to the Sun zhenren hai shang xian fang or the combined collection from the late Ming dynasty. Apart from quoting the book as Hai shang xian fang [8], LSZ also refers to it as Hai shang fang shi 海上方 詩, “Poem on Recipes from Abroad,” [1], as Hai shang fang jue 海上方訣, “Recipe Instructions from Abroad,” [1], and as Hai shang ge 海上歌, “Song from Abroad,” [1]. Occasionally, the text might be referred to as → Hai shang fang 海上方, but this title also applies to a variety of other texts, so the reference is not clear. One reference to a → Hai shang miao fang 海上妙方 may also be to this book. Hai tang ji 海棠記, “Crab apple record” Lost Northern Song 宋 book on the Chinese flowering crab apple (hai tang 海 棠). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Shen Li 沈立. DC 1041-1048. 1 juan. The book was the first specialized book devoted to its topic. The preface and essential contents survive in a Southern Song book called → Hai tang pu 海棠譜  by Chen Si 陳思. LSZ, mixing up the titles, cites the Hai tang ji as Hai tang pu [2] by Shen Li in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The Hai tang

166 pu material cited is actually taken from a Hai tang ji fragment preserved in Chen Si’s Hai tang pu. Hai tang pu 海棠譜, “Crab apple Treatise” [2] Southern Song 宋 specialized book on the Chinese flowering crab apple (hai tang 海棠). FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by Chen Si 陳思. DC 1259. 3 juan. The book contains Tang 唐 and Song songs and poetry on the crab apple and and some information on cultivation. It includes the preface and some of the contents of the → Hai tang ji 海棠記 of → Shen Li 沈立. LSZ, mixing up the titles of the books, erroneously refers the Hai tang pu to Shen Li and labels Hai tang ji material Hai tang pu in the main text, so Hai tang pu is actually an incorrect name for the Hai tang ji. The Hai tang pu’s author Chen Si was a man of Lin an 臨安, now Hang zhou 杭 州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He held various court posts and, apart from his crab apple treatise, compiled the Bao ke cong shu 寶刻叢書, “Precious Block-Printed Book Series,” and other works. Hai yao 海藥, “drugs from abroad” [48] Title that may refer to one of the following two texts:  → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草

 → Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜 Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草, “Materia Medica of drugs from abroad” Lost MM. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Li Xun 李珣. AN Hai yao 海藥, “Drugs from Abroad.” DC early 10th century. 6 juan. The text focused on imported pharmaceutical substances. Fragments, including an entire part entitled Hai yao yu 海 藥餘, “Extra [Sections] on Drugs from Abroad,” are preserved in the → ZLBC, from which the BCGM takes its material. LSZ praised the work but incorrectly considered the → Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜 to be identical with the Hai yao ben cao, therefore mixing up the contents of the two texts in the BCGM. Apart from citing the book as Hai yao ben cao [15] or as Hai yao [48], LSZ refers its material to Li Xun 李珣 [115], or simply Xun 珣 [117]. These quotations may contain material from the Nan hai yao pu and vice versa. Hai yu zan 海芋贊 → Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊 Hai zhong jing 海中經, “Classic within the Ocean” [1] Lost pre-Song 宋 book. EE → TJBC. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 mentions the title as well but does not cite any material from it. LSZ cites a fragment second hand from the TJBC in SE shan hu 珊瑚. Haicang 海藏 → Wang Haogu 王好古 Han 含 → Gu Han 顧含 Han Baosheng 韓保昇 Scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy of Later Shu 蜀 during the Five Dynasties period. Author of the Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本草, “Repeatedly

167 Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草). LSZ refers to him as Han Baosheng [46] and as Han shi 韓氏, “Mr. Han,” [2]. Han chan fu 寒蟬賦, “rhapsody on the Cicada in Winter” [1] Western Jin 晉 fu 賦. Written by → Lu Yun 陸雲. The text is found in Lu’s collection, the Lu Shilong ji 陸士龍集, “Collection of Lu Shilong.” LSZ cites the preface (xiao xu 小序) preceding the poem in SE chan hua 蟬花. Han Cheng di 漢成帝 (51-7 BCE) [1] This is Li Ao 劉鷔, emperor of Western Han 漢, r. 33-7 BCE. LSZ reports an event that took place during his reign in SE bai 柏. Han dai fu 韓大夫, “Grand Master Han” [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Personal name unknown. The → San yin fang 三因 方 lists a recipe for “acorus wine” (yuan zhi jiu 遠志酒), stating that it was used frequently at the residence of Han dai fu to save people’s lives. LSZ cites this in SE yuan zhi 遠志. Han Fei 韓非 [1] Erroneous name for → Han Yu 韓愈. LSZ cites the saying “flies fly around everywhere, and dogs are indifferent [to right or wrong]” (ying ying gou gou 蠅營狗 苟) in SE gou 狗. This is a metaphor for the shameless seeking of personal gain that goes back to Han Yu’s Song qiong wen 送窮文, “Farewell to Poverty,” and not to the Warring States thinker Han Fei. Han Feixia 韓飛霞 → Han Mao 韓  Han Gao di 漢高帝 → Han Gao zu 漢高祖 Han Gao zu 漢高祖 (256 or 247-195 BCE) This is Liu Bang 劉邦, the famous founder and first emperor of the Western Han 漢 dynasty, r. 202-195 BCE. LSZ cites some material on him second hand from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 and the → Xi jing za ji 西京雜記, referring to the emperor as Han Gao zu [1] or Han Gao di 漢高帝 [1], and elsewhere as Gao zu 高祖 [1] or Han wang 漢王 [1]. Han Guang 韓光 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. A man of Yu shan 玉山 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Specialized in treating “pin-illness with swelling” (ding zhong 疔腫). During the early zhen guan 貞觀 reign period (627-649), he conferred one of his recipes to → Xu shi jun 徐使君. LSZ cites this in SE ai 艾. Han He di 漢和帝 (79-105) This is Liu Zhao 劉肇, emperor of the Eastern Han 漢, r. 88-105. It was during his time that → Cai Lun 蔡倫 invented paper-making. LSZ reports events of his time, referring to the emperor as Han He di [1], He di 和帝 [1], and Dong Han He di 東漢和帝, “Emperor He of Eastern Han,” [1]. Han ju shi 寒具詩, “Poem on deep-Fried Wheat Cakes” [1] Song 宋 dynasty poem by → Su Shi 蘇軾, found in juan 29 of the Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo.” Underneath the title of the poem there is an annotation stating: “This is a deep-fried wheat-twist. From Liu

168 Yuxi’s ‘Beautiful Words’” (nai nian tou, chu Liu Yuxi jia hua 乃捻頭, 出劉禹錫佳 語). This is to say that the term han ju 寒具, and not the whole poem, is taken from the → Liu Yuxi jia hua lu 劉禹錫嘉話錄 (AN Liu Yuxi jia yu 劉禹錫佳語, “Beautiful Words of Liu Yuxi”). LSZ obviously misunderstood this and erroneously attributed the Han ju shi to → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. Han Kangbo 韓康伯 [1] This is the style name of Han Bo 韓伯, an Eastern Jin 晉 official and expert in Arcane Learning (xuan xue 玄學). A man of Chang she 長社 in Ying zhou 潁 川, in the west of present-day Chang ge 長葛 in He nan 河南. He served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Yu zhang 豫章 and as Minister of Personnel (li bu shang shu 吏部尚書). During his time in Hai nan 海南, → Yu Yiqi 俞益期 frequently exchanged letters with Han Kangbo that are commonly known as → Yu Han Kangbo jian 與韓康伯箋. LSZ mentions him in SE bing lang 檳榔. Han Mao 韓  Ming 明 dynasty medical specialist and Daoist. Style name Tianjue 天爵. Literary name Feixia zi 飛霞子, “Master of the Flying Red Clouds.” He was popularly known as Bai Feixia 白飛霞, “Bai of the Flying Red Clouds,” and Han Feixia 韓飛霞, “Han of the Flying Red Clouds.” A man of Lu zhou 瀘州, presently in Si chuan 四川. Han was sickly as a child and had to rely on medical treatments to survive. After failing the civil service examinations he studied medicine and after that roamed China as a Daoist to seek knowledge. During that period he changed his name to Bai Zixu 白自虛, “Bai Emptying the Self,” or was called by his popular name Bai Feixia. Han was the author of the → Han shi yi tong 韓 氏醫通, and some other books like the → Fang wai qi fang 方外奇方 are also attributed to him. LSZ refers to him as Han Mao [15], as Han Feixia [4], as Bai Feixia [11], as Feixia zi [1], and within the title of his book as Han shi 韓氏, “Mr. Han,” [7]. Han Ming di 漢明帝 (57-75) [1] This is Liu Zhuang 劉庄, emperor of Eastern Han 漢, the fourth son of Guang Wu di 光武帝, Liu Xiu 劉秀. In SE tao 桃, LSZ cites from the → Shi yi ji 拾遺 記  a story of his time when huge walnuts grew at Chang shan 常山. Han mo da quan 翰墨大全 → Han mo quan shu 翰墨全書 Han mo quan shu 翰墨全書, “Complete Book of Pens and Ink” Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Tian lu lin lang shu mu 天祿琳琅書目, “Catalogue of Precious Books in the Possession of the Empire.” AN Xin bian shi wen lei ju han mo da quan 新編事文類聚翰墨大全, “Newly Compiled Categorized Collection of Events and Literature, and the Great Compendium of Pens and Ink.” Compiled by Liu Yingji 劉應季 (AN Liu Yingli 劉應李). 134 juan. Although the book’s full title recalls the name of the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類 聚 of → Zhu Mu 祝穆, its organization and contents are entirely different. The encyclopedia is convenient for reference, and from official correspondence to lost common folk sayings there is little it does not record. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Han mo da quan [1] without naming the author. He

169 does not cite the book directly in his main text, but a single reference to a Han mo da quan 翰墨大全, “Great Compendium of Pens and Ink,” [1] is probably to this book. The author Liu Yingji, style name Ximi 希泌, was a man of Jian yang 建陽, now part of Fu jian 福建. Jin shi 1274. He held a local post under the Song, which he did not maintain under the Yuan 元, and later on founded his own private academy. Han Ping 韓憑 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty official. According to the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳, when his beautiful wife was taken by force by King Kang 康, Han Ping commited suicide and his wife jumped from a terrace and died as well. After the tombs of husband and wife had been situated facing each other, the branches and roots of the trees on them grew together, and people called them “trees of mutual longing” (xiang si shu 相思樹). LSZ cites this in SE xiang si zi 相思子. Han Ping di ji 漢平帝紀 → Han shu 漢書 Han shi 韓詩 , “The Han Book of Songs” [3] Abbreviation for the → Han shi wai zhuan 韓詩外傳, also a designation for a school of thought in the new text (jin wen 今文) tradition of the → Shi jing 詩 經. Transmitted by Han Ying 韓嬰, an early Han 漢 scholar from the state of Yan 燕 in the area of present-day Bei jing 北京 who served as a court academician during the reign of Emperor Wen 文 (180-157 BCE). Even though his version of the Shi jing circulated widely at the time, by Jin 晉 times its transmission had come to an end. The Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han,” still lists an “inner commentary” (nei zhuan 内傳) to the Shi jing in 4 juan, an “outer commentary” (wai zhuan 外傳) in six juan, and other related works by Han Ying, but after the Southern Song only the outer commentary survived. Han shi 韓氏, “Mr. Han”  [7] In → Han shi yi tong 韓氏醫通, this is → Han Mao 韓 .

 [2] In connection with pharmaceutical substances, this is → Han Baosheng 韓保昇, author of the → Shu ben cao 蜀本草. Han shi san fang 寒食散方, “Cold-Food Powder recipe” [1] Name of medical formula or name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections, claiming that this is one of 84 books cited from the → ZLBC. However, neither does he give additional information on authorship or size, nor does the ZLBC mention any formula or book title of this name. Several lost texts apparently dealing with recipes of cold-food powder (a psychoactive drug popular during the Six Dynasties and Tang era, also known as “five-minerals powder” (wu shi san 五石散)) and carrying the term han shi san fang 寒食散方 as part of their title can be found in the bibliographical sections of the Sui 隋 and Tang 唐 histories. But LSZ does not quote any material labeled Han shi san fang anywhere in the main text of the BCGM, so it is impossible to determine which book this title might relate to.

170 Han shi wai zhuan 韓詩外傳, “Master Han’s Outer Commentary to the Book of Songs” Western Han 漢 book. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Written by Han Ying 韓嬰. The present edition consists of 10 juan. The book focuses on ancient stories and sayings, backed-up by quotations from the → Shi jing 詩經. The quotes from the Shi jing were included to verify the stories and not to elucidate the text of the classic itself. LSZ quotes contents and notes, namely those written by → Lu Dian 陸佃. LSZ cites the work as Han shi wai zhuan [7] and as → Han shi 韓詩 [3]. Han shi yi tong 韓氏醫通, “Mr. Han’s Comprehensive Book on Medicine” Ming 明 dynasty clinical text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Yi tong 醫通, “Comprehensive Book on Medicine.” Written by → Han Mao 韓 . DC 1522. 2 juan. The book is short but useful in summarizing the clinical experiences of the author in a number of areas including diagnosis, case studies, or pharmaceutical recipes and their application. Han’s treatments were highly thought of by LSZ, who cites the book as Han shi yi tong [7] and as Yi tong [13]. LSZ also refers to the author by his full name [15] and by his popular pseudonyms Han Feixia 韓飛霞, “Han of the Flying Red Clouds,” [4] or Bai Feixia 白飛霞, “Bai of the Flying Red Clouds ,” [11]. Han shu 漢書, “History of the Han” Standard history of the Western Han 漢 dynasty. Written by → Ban Gu 班固 on the basis of material by his father Ban Biao 班彪, completed by Ban Gu’s sister Ban Zhao 班昭. DC 35-110. 100 chapters. Ban Gu took over the pattern previously set in the → Shi ji 史記 but slightly modified it, focusing on one dynasty (the Former or Western Han period, 230 years) and adding four treatises on areas left undiscussed in the history of → Sima Qian 司馬遷, that is, law and punishment (xing fa 刑法), the five phases (wu xing 五行), geography (di li 地理), and literature (yi wen 藝文). This resulted in the first standard dynastic history, one that set the pattern for those coming after. When citing the Han shu [31], LSZ sometimes specifies individual sections, i.e., the Yi wen zhi 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise,” [2], the Jiao si zhi 郊祀志, “Treatise on Sacrifices,” [1], a Jiao si ge 郊祀歌, “Song on Sacrifices,”[1], the Lu Jia zhuan 陸賈傳, “Biography of Lu Jia,” [1], and the Han Ping di ji 漢平帝紀, “Annals of Emperor Ping of Han” [1]. He also quotes commentaries (→ Han shu zhu 漢書注) by various individuals such as → Yan Shigu 顔師古. Han shu zhu 漢書注, “annotations to the History of the Han” General name for annotated versions of the → Han shu 漢書. By Tang 唐 times, when → Yan Shigu 顔師古 wrote his notes, the Han shu had already been annotated by 23 other persons. In addition to Yan’s annotations (cited as Yan Shigu zhu 顔師古注, “Yan Shigu’s Annotations,” [3] or Yan Shigu zhu Han shu 顔師 古注漢書, “Yan Shigu’s Anotations to the Han shu,” [1]), LSZ cites notes of → Fu Qian 服虔, → Ying Shao 應劭, → Jin Zhuo 晉灼, → Li Qi 李奇, and → Zhang Yi 張揖. Quoting numerous annotations to the Han shu, LSZ cites these as Han shu zhu [4], only twice specifying this general title with the names of Li

171 Qi or Jin Zhuo. Elsewhere he is more specific, referring to such annotations as Fu Qian zhu 服虔注, “Fu Qian’s Annotations,” [1], Fu Qian zhu Han shu 服虔 注漢書, “Fu Qian’s Annotations to the Han shu,” [1], Ying Shao zhu Han shu 應 劭注漢書, “Ying Shao’s Annotations to the Han shu,” [2], Zhang Yi zhu Han shu 張揖注漢書, “Zhang Yi’s Annotations to the Han shu,” [1], Jin Zhuo zhu 晉灼 注, “Jin Zhuo’s Annotations,” [1], or by the name of Jin Zhuo [1] and Yan Shigu [4] alone. Han Tuizhi 韓退之 → Han Yu 韓愈 Han Tuizhi shi 韓退之詩 → Han Wengong ji 韓文公集 Han wang 漢王 → Han Gao zu 漢高祖 Han Wen 韓文 → Han Yu 韓愈 Han Wengong ji 韓文公集, “Collection of Han Wengong” Literary collection. This is the Changli xiansheng ji 昌黎先生集, “Collection of Gentleman Changli,” or Changli ji 昌黎集, “Collection of [Han] Changli.” FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Han Yu 韓愈 of the Tang 唐 dynasty. 50 juan with many notes added later. LSZ cites the book as Han Wengong ji [1] in his bibliographical sections, and although he does not cite the collection directly in his main text, he does refer material from the collection to Han Yu [2], to Han Tuizhi 韓退 之 [5], and to Han Wen 韓文 [4] there. There is one exception, however, where a poem labeled Han Tuizhi shi 韓退之詩, “Poem by Han Tuizhi,” [1] is actually from the Quan Tang shi 全唐詩, “Complete Tang Poems,” and not from the Han Wengong ji. Han Wu 漢武 → Han Wu di 漢武帝 Han Wu di 漢武帝 (156-87 BCE) This is Liu Che 劉徹, emperor of Western Han 漢, one of China’s most famous emperors, r. 140-87 BCE. Han Wu di achieved major political and economic successes. His deeds are detailed in the → Shi ji 史記 and the → Han shu 漢書, and various popular history works like the → Han Wu gu shi 漢武故事 or the Han Wu di nei zhuan 漢武帝內傳, “The Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of Han,” (→ Han Wu nei zhuan 漢武內傳) record mythology and legends about him. The → ZLBC in particular quotes many stories connected with Han Wu di. Many of these are taken over by LSZ, who refers to the emperor as Han Wu di [11], as Han Wu 漢武 [4], or as Wu di 武帝 [3]. The latter term, however, could refer to any Emperor Wu of various dynasties. Han Wu gu shi 漢武故事, “Stories of [Emperor] Wu of Han” [2] Popular history book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to → Ban Gu 班固. Probably written by Wang Jian 王儉 of the Southern Dynasties Period. 2 juan. The text covers much the same ground as the → Shi ji 史記 and the → Han shu 漢書 with regard to Emperor Wu of Han (→ Han Wu di 漢武帝) but has a more mythological and sensational bent. It is frequently quoted in texts such as the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, but quotations there often differ

172 from the text of the Han Wu gu shi transmitted elsewhere. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and in the main text. He gets his material from the → ZLBC, which cites the text second hand itself. Han Wu nei zhuan 漢武內傳, “The Inner Biography of [Emperor] Wu of Han” This is the Han Wu di nei zhuan 漢武帝內傳, “The Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of Han,” an anonymous book probably written during the Six Dynasties period. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Falsely attributed to → Ban Gu 班固. 2 juan, 1 juan in the extant version. The text contains sensational stories about Emperor Wu of Han (→ Han Wu di 漢武帝) seen from a Daoist perspective. The text is quoted in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ gets his material. He cites it as Han Wu nei zhuan [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Nei zhuan 內傳, “The Inner Biography,” [1] in the main text. Han Xian 漢獻 (181-234) This is Emperor Xian 獻 of the Han 漢 dynasty, personal name Liu Xie 劉協, r. 189-220. His reign was a period of anarchy and struggle leading to his deposition and the collapse of the Han dynasty. LSZ reports a case of a male transforming into a female during the jian an 建安 reign period (196-219) and another event. He refers to the emperor as Han Xian [1] and as Xian di 獻帝 [1]. Han Xuan di 漢宣帝 (91-49 BCE) [1] This is Liu Xun 劉詢, emperor of Western Han 漢, r. 74-49 BCE. LSZ cites a story in SE gu jing 古鏡 about a precious mirror of the emperor that was able to reveal demons and monsters. Han yanzhi 韓彥直 Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Ziwen 子溫, a man of Yan an 延安 in present-day Shaan xi 陝西. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1148 and went on to hold various court offices. He had a reputation for his literary studies and was the author of the → Ju lu 橘錄 (called Ju pu 橘譜, “Tangerine Treatise,” by LSZ). Han yong 韓詠 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Qing liu 清流 in present-day Fu jian 福 建. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he suffered from “leg qi attacking upward” (jiao qi shang gong 腳氣上攻) but was cured by an external application of gan sui 甘遂 and an ingestion of sweetwood. LSZ cites this in SE gan sui 甘遂. Han yu 韓愈 (768-824) Tang 唐 dynasty literary figure, one of the great writers of the time, the initiator of the old text (gu wen 古文) movement, philosopher and a precursor of Neo-Confucianism. Style name Tuizhi 退之, a man of He yang 河陽 in He nan 河南. He referred to himself as Junwang Changli 郡望昌黎, “One Longing for his Ancestral Hometown Chang li,” and therefore was called Han Changli 韓昌 黎, “Han Changli.” He passed the jin shi examinations during the zhen yuan 貞 元 reign period (785-805) and after that held various high posts like Investigating

173 Censor (jian cha yu shi 監察御史) or as Vice Minister of Justice (xing bu shi lang 刑部侍郎). His posthumous name was Han Wengong 韓文公, “Han the Literary Lord.” There is a collection of his works, the Changli xiansheng ji 昌黎先生 集, “Collection of the Changli Gentleman,” also called → Han Wengong ji 韓文 公集, “Collection of Han the Literary Lord.” LSZ refers to Han Yu as Han Yu [1], as Han Tuizhi 韓退之 [6], as Han Wen 韓文 [4], and erroneously as Han Fei 韓非 [1]. Among other things, as a warning, LSZ reports the story of Han Yu’s consumption of minerals that supposedly caused his death. Han yuan cong ji 翰苑叢記, “Collected records from the Literary World” [2] Anonymous Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Yi shuo 醫説. AN Han yuan cong ji 翰苑叢紀, “Collected Records from the Literary World.” The name of the author is lost, and the book is not listed in the standard bibliographies, but the Yi shuo, written between 1189 and 1224, quotes material from it. The quoted passage refers to the Northern Song dynasty and calls Teng Kang 滕康 (1032-1132) the author. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the Yi shuo. Han Zhao di 漢昭帝 (94-74 BCE) This is Liu Fuling 劉弗陵, emperor of Western Han 漢, r. 87-74 BCE. LSZ reports events that occurred during his time, referring to the emperor as Han Zhao di [1] and Zhao di 昭帝 [1]. Han Zhihe 韓祗和 [2] Northern Song 宋 physician and medical writer. Fl. 2nd half of the 11th century, further details about his life are unavailable. He studied the harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒) theory of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 and was the author of the Shang han wei zhi lun 傷寒微旨論, “On the Subtle Meanings of the Shang han lun,” quoted by LSZ as the → Shang han shu 傷寒書. Han Zhihe 韓只和 In some editions of the BCGM, the name of → Han Zhihe 韓祗和 is incorrectly given as Han Zhihe 韓只和. Han Zhong 韓衆 [2] Name of an immortal. He is mentioned in the → Chu ci 楚辭 and can therefore be dated to the Warring States period. Another immortal, or rather a master of recipes (fang shi 方士) named → Han Zhong 韓終 is mentioned in the → Shi ji 史記 and lived during the reign of Qin shi huang di 秦始皇帝 (→ Qin shi huang 秦始皇, r. 246-210). The names of these men were mixed up in later sources, and they were erroneously regarded as one and the same person. LSZ cites a story about Han Zhong 韓衆 ingesting chang pu 菖蒲 to attain immortality from the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , but this is actually Han Zhong 韓終, as the Baopu zi correctly writes. Another reference to a Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓衆採藥 詩, “Poem on Han Zhong Collecting Medicinals,” (→ Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓 終採藥詩) is an incorrect reference to Han Zhong 韓終 as well.

174 Han Zhong 韓終 Famous Western Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士) mentioned in the → Shi ji 史記. Sometimes called Huolin xianren 霍林仙人, “Immortal of the Crane Forest.” He was allegedly dispatched by Qin shi huang di 秦始皇帝 (→ Qin shi huang 秦始皇, r. 246-210) to find pharmaceutical substances to evade death, along with two other men. A poem connected to him, the → Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓終採藥詩, was transmitted by later generations. His name was later mixed up with the name of → Han Zhong 韓衆 of the Warring States period. Accordingly, LSZ erroneously refers to him as Han Zhong 韓衆 [2] and correctly as Han Zhong 韓終 [1] in the main text. Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓終採藥詩, “Poem on Han Zhong Collecting Medicinals” Name of a poem. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. → Han Zhong 韓終 was a famous Western Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士), which is why a poem on him collecting herbs was transmitted by later generations. LSZ correctly lists the text as Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓終採藥詩 [1] in his bibliographical sections and takes a citation over from the ZLBC in the main text, where he erroneously writes Han’s name → Han Zhong 韓衆, thus rendering the title Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓衆採藥詩 [1]. Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓衆採藥詩 → Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓終採藥詩 Han Ziwen 韓子溫 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Served as Prefectural Supervisor (tong pan 通判) of Wen zhou 溫州. He once assisted → Shi Kangzu 時康祖 with an advice on how to cure his “heart leakage” (xin lou 心漏). LSZ cites this in SE fu zi 附子. Hanpu 函普 (10th century) Leader of the Jurchen Yuanyan 完颜 clan, posthumously titled Jingyuan huang di 景元皇帝, “Emperor Jingyuan,” and considered the primogenitor of the Jin 金 dynasty. According to the Jin shi 金史, “History of the Jin,” his wife married him at the age of more than 60 years but still gave birth to two sons and one daughter. LSZ cites this story from the → Liao shi 遼史 but erroneously writes Hanpu’s name Jipu 亟普 [1] in SE fu ren yue shui 婦人月水. Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日鈔, “daily Notes from the Overwhelming Study” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhou Mi 周密. Today there are two books by Zhou with Hao ran 浩然, “Overwhelming,” in the title, the Hao ran zhai yi chao 浩然 齋意抄, “Notes on Ideas from the Overwhelming Study,” and the Hao ran zhai shi ting chao 浩然齋視听抄, “Notes on Things Seen and Heard from the Overwhelming Study,” both cited in the → Shuo fu 説郛. There is also a Hao ran zhai ya tan 浩然齋雅談, “Refined Conversations from the Overwhelming Study,” in the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” which was not available to LSZ, however. LSZ, in addition to listing the text as Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日鈔 [1] in his bibliographical sections, quotes a passage in the main text as Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日抄 [1], the last character

175 an orthographic variant, and one as Zhi ran zhai chao 治然齋抄 [1], obviously an error for Hao ran zhai chao 浩然齋抄. Both passages are taken from the Shuo fu, one from the Hao ran zhai shi ting chao and the other from the Hao ran zhai yi chao. The Shuo fu lacks a Hao ran zhai ri chao. Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日抄 → Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日鈔 Hao yun 郝允 Northern Song 宋 famous physician. A man of Bo ling 博陵 in the south of present-day Li xian 蠡縣 in He bei 河北. He was widely read, and his medical skills were known to be exceptional. The people called him Hao weng 郝翁, “Old Man Hao.” He died during the huang you 皇祐 reign period (1049-1054). LSZ reproduces his explanations on the drug xue xuan 雪玄 from the → Ming yi lu 名 醫錄, referring to Hao as Hao Yun [1]. He also cites a story of Hao Yun curing → Xia Ying gong 夏英公 from the → Wen jian lu 聞見錄, erroneously writing his name Huo weng 霍翁 [1]. Hao zhi fu 郝知府, “Prefect Hao” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. Served as prefect (zhi fu 知 府) of Qi zhou 蘄州. He overestimated his own medical knowledge and died after having ingested too many poisonous substances such as aconite root. LSZ cites this in SE wu tou 烏頭. Haogu 好古 → Wang Haogu 王好古 He 和 [1] Physician from the State of Qin 秦 during the Spring and Autumn Period. The → Zuo zhuan 左傳 has a story about him curing the Marquis of Jin 晉, and LSZ mentions his name. He Chengtian 何承天 (370-447) [3] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty historian, lexicographer, and mathematician. A man of Tan xian 郯縣 in Dong hai 東海, now part of Shang dong 山東. He held various local and court posts and acquired the nickname He Hengyang 何衡陽 after serving in the area of Heng yang 衡陽. He Chengtian assisted in the compilation of the → Song shu 宋書 and was the author of the → Zuan wen 纂文 and other books. He daying 何大英 [3] This is the style name of the Ming 明 dynasty physician and medical writer He Jingcai 何經才. Fl. 16th century. A man of Xi an 西安, now Quxian 衢縣 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Apparently very well connected, he became accomplished in medical theory and practice and wrote the comprehensive text → Fa ming zheng zhi 發 明證治. He deyang 何德揚 [1] Ming 明 dynasty physician. A recipe of his for easing difficult birth is cited in the → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方, from which LSZ takes his quotation. Further details are unavailable.

176 He di 和帝 → Han He di 漢和帝 He ding xin shu 鶴頂新書, “New Book of the Crane’s Crest” [3] Lost book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author indicated, the book is not listed in the standard bibliographies, and there are no quotations in other books prior to the BCGM. The terminology and contents cited make it appear that the book was a Daoist alchemical text. He Feng 何諷 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar. Legend has it that at the end of the jian zhong 建中 reign period (780-783) he obtained a so-called mai wang 脈望 (a bookworm, or rather a curled hair found in an ancient book) that when ingested turns people into immortals. LSZ mentions this in SE yi yu 衣魚 but considers the tale absurd. He hu ji wen 河湖紀聞 → Jiang hu ji wen 江湖紀聞 He ji 和劑 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 He ji fang 和劑方 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 He ji ju fang 和劑局方, “recipes from the Pharmaceutical Bureau” Northern Song 宋 recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Compiled by the Imperial Medical Bureau (tai yi ju 太醫局) and edited by → Chen Cheng 陳承, Pei Zongyuan 裴 宗元, Chen Shiwen 陳師文, and others. DC 1107-1110. 5 juan, expanded to 10 juan during the Southern Song. The text is comprised of formulas considered effective by the Imperial Medical Bureau. The Southern Song version includes 14 chapters on wind (feng 風), harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒), and other disease categories, 788 recipes in all. LSZ refers to the text as He ji ju fang [77], as Tai ping hui ming he ji ju fang 太平惠民和劑局方, “Recipes to Benefit the People from the Pharmaceutical Bureau of the Tai ping Reign Period,” [1], as Hui min he ji ju fang 惠民和劑局方, “Recipes from the Pharmaceutical Bureau to Benefit the People,” [9], as He ji 和劑, “Pharmaceutical [Bureau],” [1], as Tai ping he ji ju fang 太平和劑局方, “Recipes from the Pharmaceutical Bureau of the Tai ping Reign Period,” [1], as He ji fang 和劑方, “Recipes from the Pharmaceutical [Bureau],” [12], and as Ju fang 局方, “Official Recipes,” [6]. He ji zhi nan zong lun 和劑指南總論, “General discourses Providing a Guide to the [recipes from the] Pharmaceutical [Bureau]” MM. FE Si ku quan shu zong mu 四庫全書總目, “General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.” Attributed by LSZ to → Xu Hong 許洪. DC 13th century or later. 3 juan. Juan 1 is a general introduction to such topics as prescriptions, drug combinations and interactions, food prohibitions while taking medicine, and preparation methods for 185 medicinals. The following two juan deal with disease signs, causes for disease, and drug application. The text was placed at the beginning of the imperial → He ji ju fang 和劑 局方, thus its name. LSZ calls this book Ben cao zhi nan 本草指南, “Guide to Materia Medica,” [1] in his bibliographical sections but uses its full title in the main text [1], in this case referring it to Xu Hong.

177 He Jingming 何景明 (1483-1521) Ming 明 dynasty scholar. Style name Zhongmo 仲默, literary name Dafu shanren 大復山人, “Hermit of Mount Da fu,” a man of Xin yang 信陽 in He nan 河 南. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1502 and held a regional appointment. He was a famous literary figure and, along with → Wang Tingxiang 王廷相 and others, one of the “Earlier Seven Masters” (qian qi zi 前七子). LSZ lists his collection, the Da fu ji 大復集, “Collection of [He] Dafu,” which, referring to He as He Zhongmo [1], he calls → He Zhongmo ji 何仲默集 in his bibliographical sections. He also refers to He Jingming [1] in the main text without mentioning the collection. He Junmo zhuan 何君謨傳, “Biography of He Junmo” [1] Source invented by LSZ interpreting material from the → ZLBC. The ZLBC does not cite a He Junmo zhuan but refers simply to a discourse on the characteristics of two types of deer by one He Junmo 何君謨. In this section He Junmo criticises mistakes in the → Rihua zhu jia ben cao 日華諸家本草 from the Five Dynasties period, so it is to be assumed that he lived during the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. Further details are lacking. LSZ lists a He Junmo zhuan in his bibliographical sections, presumably based upon his misunderstanding of the ZLBC, but does not quote any material connected to He Junmo in the main text. He Lian shi 赫連氏, “Master He Lian” [1] Legendary person of ancient times. According to the → Lei shuo 類説, he constructed a comb with 24 teeth. The text places him between Nü wa 女媧, the sister of Fu Xi, and Emperor Shun 舜, both legendary figures of high antiquity. He lin yu lu 鶴林玉露, “Jade dew from the Crane Forest” [3] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). Written by → Luo Dajing 羅大經. 18 juan, divided into three subsections of 6 juan each. The book discusses various topics taken from miscellaneous sources, it cites Song Neo-Confucianists, discusses poetry, Confucian classics, and historical works, and records anecdotes from Southern Song times. LSZ cites the collection in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He Mengchun 何孟春 Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Ziyuan 子元, literary name Yanquan jushi 燕泉居士, “Recluse of Yan quan.” A man of Chen zhou 郴州, now in Hu nan 湖 南, jin shi 1493. He held various court and capital offices and devoted himself to writing literature in his old age. He was the author of the Yu dong xu lu 餘冬敘 錄, “Well-Arranged Records Taken during my Winter Days,” (→ Yu dong lu 餘 冬錄), a large work of 65 juan, and the medical work → Qun fang xu chao 群方續 鈔, both used by LSZ, who refers to He as He Mengchun [5] and He Ziyuan [1]. He nan yin 河南尹, “Governor of He nan” [1] Pre-Ming 明 official. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 states that he once threatened Lü Xihua 呂西華 (→ Lü Zihua 呂子華) with severe punishment if he would not reveal a certain recipe with mai fan shi 麥飯石.

178 He Qing 何卿 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of the Cheng du 成都 guard in Si chuan 四 川. From 1526 on, he held various military posts and died some time after 1553. He has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming.” LSZ, citing from the → She sheng zhong miao fang 攝生衆妙方 in SE jiu xiang chong 九香 蟲, refers to “black dragon pills” (wu long wan 烏龍丸) that He Qing ingested regularly. He Shanchun 河山純 → He Shanchun 何山純 He Shanchun 何山純 Southern Song 宋 person. A man from Western Zhe jiang 浙江. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he once submitted a recipe to cure “red and white free-flux illness” (chi bai li 赤白痢) to → Su Taoguang 蘇韜光. LSZ cites this recipe but erroneously refers to He as He Shanchun 河山純 [2]. He Shangzhi 何尚之 (382-460) [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty high official. Style name Yande 彥德, a man of Qian 灊 in Lu jiang 廬江, now Huo shan 霍山 in An hui 安徽. He served in various high central positions and has a biography in the → Nan shi 南史. LSZ cites the story about his cure from chronic “exhaustion disease” (lao bing 勞病) by consumption of woman’s breast milk in SE ru zhi 乳汁. He shi fang 何氏方, “recipes of Mr. He” [3] Medical recipe book cited in the main text of the BCGM. Author and DC unknown. Possibly an abbreviated designation of the → Qun fang xu chao 群方續 鈔 of the Ming 明 author → He Mengchun 何孟春. He shou wu zhuan 何首烏傳, “Notes on Polygonum” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Li Ao 李翱. DC c. 812-841. 1 juan. The book tells the story about the family of a man called → He Shouwu 何首烏 and appears to give pharmaceutical information on the pharmaceutical effects of polygonum root, but is in fact a concealed political statement suggesting a path to revitalize Confucianism by adopting certain elements of Buddhism and Daoism. The text is quoted in the → TJBC, from which LSZ takes his material, citing it in his bibliographical sections and in SE he shou wu 何首烏. He Shouwu 何首烏 [3] Usually the name of a pharmaceutical drug: he shou wu (the root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.), but in three cases this is a Tang 唐 dynasty person. A man of Nan he xian 南和縣 in Shun zhou 順州, in the southeast of present-day Lu chuan 陸川 county in Guang xi 廣西. His story is told in the → He shou wu zhuan 何首烏傳 and is an allegory for the vision of the author → Li Ao 李翱 to see Confucianism revitalized by adopting some features of Daoism and Buddhism: He Shouwu’s grandfather was called → Tian’er 田兒, a man impotent and sterile from congenital weakness (signifying Confucianism in the allegory). At the age of 58, Tian’er happened to see two intertwined vine plants (signifying

179 Daoism and Buddhism) and ingested their roots. This gave his body strength, and he then fathered numerous sons and changed his name to Nengsi 能嗣, “able to have offspring.” His son → Yan Xiu 延秀 lived to the age of 160, and Yan Xiu’s son, in turn, was He Shouwu. At the age of 130 years, He Shouwu’s beard and hair were still black. He tu kuo di xiang 河圖括地象, “river Maps Including Pictures of the Land” [3] Lost book on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯). See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The author is unknown but probably lived during Han 漢 times. The book is one of the oldest Chinese geographies, containing information on mountains, rivers, etc., but also much mythological and legendary material. Legend has it that Yu 禹 the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹) used this book for assistance as he tamed the waters. Fragments are found in the → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his quotes from the Tai ping yu lan. He tu yu ban 河圖玉版, “Jade Edition of the river Maps” [2] Lost book on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯). EE → Shui jing zhu 水 經注 and others. Probably written during the Han 漢 dynasty by an unknown author. Fragments are found in the Shui jing zhu, the → Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲 時記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other early texts. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections but does not indicate an author. In the main text he cites a passage from the Tai ping yu lan said there to come from the He tu 河 圖, “River Maps,” which LSZ renders as He tu yu ban. He xiang fang 合香方, “recipes with Combined aromatic Substances” [1] Lost book. Written by → Fan Ye 范曄. The → Song shu 宋書 reproduces the preface in its biography of Fan Ye. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text. He yan 何晏 (died 249) [1] Specialist in Arcane Learning (xuan xue 玄學) from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Pingshu 平叔. He Yan was a man of Wan xian 宛縣 in Nan yang 南陽 in present-day He nan 河南 and served in the central administration of Wei. He was one of the initiators of the xuan xue school of thought and also wrote poetry and books like the Dao de lun 道德論, “Discourse on the Way and Virtue,” the Wu ming lun 無名論, “Discourse on the Nameless,” and the Jiu zhou lun 九州論, “Discourse on the Nine Regions,” listed by LSZ as the → Jiu zhou ji 九州記. He yu tu 河魚圖, “Illustrations of river Fish.” [1] Incorrect title of a book. The material LSZ cites in SE hu 虎 is taken from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, which refers the same material to the → Long yu he tu 龍魚河圖. Hence, He yu tu must be an erroneous designation for the Long yu he tu.

180 He yuan 何薳 Northern Song 宋 writer. Style name Ziyuan 子遠, AV Zichu 子楚. Literary name Hanqing laonong 韓青老農, “Old Farmer of Han qing,” a man of Pu cheng 浦城 in present-day Fu jian 福建. Author of the → Chun zhu ji wen 春渚 紀聞. Exact details about his life are unavailable, but it is known that his father received a post thanks to the influence of poet → Su Shi 蘇軾, and the Chun zhu ji wen records events that took place during the time of transition at the end of the Northern Song dynasty. Thus, the author must have lived in the 1st half of the 12th century. LSZ erroneously writes his name He Yuan 何遠 [3]. He yuan 何遠 → He Yuan 何薳 He Zhongmo 何仲默 → He Jingming 何景明 He Zhongmo ji 何仲默集, “Collection of He Zhongmo” This is LSZ’s name for the Dafu ji 大復集, “Collection of [He] Dafu,” the literary collection of Ming 明 dynasty writer → He Jingming 何景明 (style name Zhongmo 仲默). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” 64 juan (AV 38 juan). The collection contains fu 賦 and shi 詩 poetry, prose, etc. LSZ lists the book as He Zhongmo ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and does not refer to it directly in his main text, but he does quote what is apparently material from this source there, labeling it with the author’s name He Jingming [1]. He Ziyuan 何子元 → He Mengchun 何孟春 Heguan zi 鶡冠子, “Master Heguan” [1] Name of book, alleged to be from the Warring States Period. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Attributed to Heguan zi 鶡冠子, a Daoist figure whose full name is lacking. He is said to have lived deep in the mountains and to have used feathers of the he 鶡-bird, a long-tailed pheasant, as his cap (guan 冠), thus his nickname. The current text is in 3 juan and 19 chapters but is probably falsely attributed to He guan zi. LSZ refers to the text in his bibliographical sections but does not directly cite it in his main text. Hei hai er 黑孩兒, “Black Child” [1] Brand name. LSZ cites a recipe to cure “inner and outer obstructive shades” (nei wai zhang yi 內外障翳) from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 in SE ma huang 麻黃, claiming that this was “a recipe of the black child from the eastern part of the Prime Minister monastery in Nan jing” (Nan jing xiang guo si dong hei hai er fang 南京相國寺東黑孩兒方). However, the original Pu ji fang text only states that the recipe was taken from the → Lan shi mi cang 蘭室秘藏 of → Li Dongyuan 李東垣. The Lan shi mi cang does indeed list the same recipe but has no reference to a black child, hence this designation may have been added by LSZ. The Song 宋 Xiao er wei sheng zong wei lun fang 小兒衛生總微論方, “Recipes and a Complete and Detailed Discourse on Protecting the Lives of Children,” (→ Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論) labels two recipes “Guard Bai from the black child” (hei hai er Bai fang yu 黑孩兒柏防禦). It therefore appears that “black

181 child” was the brand name of a Song apothecary’s shop. The Prime Minister monastery (xiang guo si 相國寺) was located in Bian jing 汴京, now Kai feng 開 封 in He nan 河南, which was re-named Nan jing 南京 in the Jin 金 and Yuan 元. Possibly the brand name “black child” was maintained during those times at the xiang guo si. Hei xue gong 黑穴公, “Lord of the Black Cave” [1] Divine immortal. According to the inner chapters of the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , Hei xue gong was a follower of → Peng zu 彭祖, and both lived to the age of several hundred years. Eventually, during Yin 殷 times, he retreated into seclusion. In SE huang lian 黃連, LSZ gives the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 as the source of this story, but no Hei xue gong is mentioned in the Shen xian zhuan extant today. Hejian 河間 → Liu Wansu 劉完素 Helü 闔閭 (died 496 BCE) This is the literary name (by which he is commonly known) of Ji Guang 姬光, late Spring and Autumn period ruler of the state of Wu 吳, r. 514-496 BCE. The → Bo wu zhi 博物志  mentions him in a story, which LSZ takes over in SE kuai can yu 鱠殘魚, referring to the king as Helü [1] and elsewhere as Wu wang 吳王 [2]. Heng shan ji 衡山記, “records from Heng shan” [1] Lost book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to a Song jushi 宋居士, “Retired Scholar of the Song,” which is not the name of a person, but a general description for a retired scholar of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 cites a Xu Lingqi nan yue ji 徐靈期南岳記, “Records from Nan yue by Xu Lingqi,” but separately also an otherwise unidentified Heng shan ji. During the Ming 明 period, → Yang Shen 楊慎 refers to a Xu Lingqi heng shan ji 徐靈期衡山記, “Records from Heng shan by Xu Lingqi,” in his Sheng’an ji 昇庵集, “Collection of [Yang] Sheng’an,” (→ Yang Sheng’an ji 楊昇庵集). Xu Lingqi was indeed a man of Liu Song, who practised Daoism at Heng shan 衡山 in Nan yue 南岳. But this Song jushi may or may not be him, since there are also various other men of that description recorded in the Buddhist encyclopedia Fa yuan zhu lin 法苑珠 林, “Forest of Gems in the Garden of the Dharma.” Fragments of the Heng shan ji are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the Tai ping yu lan, and other books. LSZ does not list the Heng shan ji in his bibliographical sections, but in the main text he cites it second hand from the Yi wen lei ju or Tai ping yu lan. Hong bao wan bi shu 鴻寶萬畢術 → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術 Hong fan 洪範, “Fundamental Laws” [1] Chapter of the → Shang shu 尚書, which contains the fundamental laws of the universe told to Emperor Wu 武 of Zhou 周 at the end of the Shang 商 dynasty. The chapter is nowadays suspected to date to the late Warring States Period only. The text is noteworthy, however, because it is one of the earliest to use the five phases (wu xing 五行) theory to explain natural phenomena, a thinking that was

182 further developed by → Liu Xiang 劉向 of the Han 漢 dynasty in the → Hong fan wu xing zhuan 洪範五行傳. LSZ cites the Hong fan in the main text only. Hong fan wu xing zhuan 洪範五行傳, “The Tradition of the Fundamental Laws and Five Phases” Lost Han 漢 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Liu Xiang 劉向. 11 juan. The book expands the five phases (wu xing 五行) and yin yang theory on favorable and unfavorable situations from the → Hong fan 洪範 chapter of the → Shang shu 尚書, recording auspicious omens and unusual disasters from remote ages, through the Spring and Autumn period, to Qin 秦 and Han 漢 times, and elucidating divinational connections. The original book is lost, but much of the text is found in the Sui shu wu xing zhi 隋書五行志, “Treatises on the Five Phases in the History of the Sui,” the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book second hand from these sources as Hong fan wu xing zhuan [2] and as Wu xing zhuan 五行傳, “The Tradition of the Five Phases,” [1] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Hong fei ji 鴻飛集, “Goose Flight Collection” Abbreviation of the Hong fei ji lun 鴻飛集論, “Discourse on the Goose Flight Collection,” a text on ophthalmology of uncertain date. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.”AN Rihua zi hong fei ji 日華子鴻飛集, “The Goose Flight Collection of Master Sun-Rays.” Attributed to → Rihua zi 日華子. Of uncertain authorship, but the legend says that Rihua zi, out hunting, recovered the book from some geese – or Daoist immortals appearing as geese, a standard Ming 明 motive. First printed in 1556. 1 juan. The book contains theoretical information and rhymed instructions on eye diseases. It also lists 62 specific eye ailments, each entry containing an illustration and information on the disease name, on diagnostic and therapeutical criteria, and on suitable pharmaceutical recipes. LSZ cites the book as Hong fei ji [6] and incorrectly as Fei hong ji 飛鴻集, “Flying Geese Collection,” [3] in the bibliographical sections and the main text. He also refers to the assumed author erroneously as Tian Rihua 田日華 [1]. Hong Gong 洪栱 Southern Song 宋 person, erroneously referred to as Chen Gong 陳拱 [1] by LSZ when quoting the → Lei bian 類編 in SE xia 蝦. This Lei bian fragment is preserved only in the → Yi shuo 醫説, which refers to the same person as Jingcheng di chang zi Gong 景成弟長子拱, “Gong, the eldest son of the younger brother of Jingcheng.” The Lei bian was based on material from the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 by → Hong Mai 洪邁 (style name Jinglu 景廬). Hong and his brothers, eight men altogether, all had the character jing 景 in their style name so Jingcheng di 景成弟 must refer to some younger brother of Hong Mai. The names of his nephews all consist of one character with a mu 木 radical, hence Gong 拱 must be an error for Gong 栱. Hong Gong at the age of seven suffered from a “turtle-shaped concretion-illness” (bie zheng 鱉癥) and was advised by a → Wai yi Hong shi 外醫洪氏 to ingest shrimp soup.

183 Hong Guanzhi 洪貫之 [1] Song 宋 dynasty official. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, he once learnt of a secret recipe to cure blood spitting that a convict had transmitted before execution. LSZ cites this in SE bai ji 白及. Hong Ji 洪輯 Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Li yang 溧陽 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, his eldest son received a recipe with walnuts to cure panting that was revealed by → Guanyin 觀音 to his mother in a dream. LSZ cites this in SE hu tao 胡桃, referring to Hong as Hong Ji [1] and Ji 輯 [1]. Hong Jufu 洪駒父 [2] This is the style name of Hong Chu 洪芻, a Northern Song 宋 high official. A man of Nan chang 南昌 in Hong zhou 洪州, now part of Jiang xi 江西, jin shi 1094. In 1126 he held the prestigious post of Grand Master of Remonstrance (jian yi dai fu 諫議大夫). Author of a Lao pu ji 老圃集, “The Old Garden Collection,” the → Xiang pu 香譜 , and other books. Hong Mai 洪邁 (1123-1202) Southern Song 宋 literary figure and scholar. Style name Jinglu 景廬, literary name Yechu 野處, “Rural Dweller,” Rongzhai 容齋, “Studio of Forbearance,” a man of Po yang 鄱陽 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. He passed the jin shi examinations during the shao xing 紹興 reign period (1131-1163) and held various mostly literary posts, such as at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and the Duan ming court (duan ming dian 端明殿). He was known for his profound scholarship and his knowledge extended from classics, history, and philosophy to medicine, divination and celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), all of which he wrote on in some depth, showing many new ideas. His writings include a → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋 隨筆 and a → Yijian zhi 夷堅志. LSZ refers to Hong as Hong Mai [27], Hong shi 洪氏, “Mr. Hong,” [3], or recalls his official service at court as Hong Neihan 洪内翰, “Hong of the Han [lin Academy],” [1]. LSZ also mistakenly assigns the → Song mo ji wen 松漠紀聞 of Hong Mai’s father Hong Hao 洪皓 (→ Hong Zhongxuan 洪忠宣) to Hong Mai in his bibliographical sections. Hong Mai ji 洪邁集, “Collection of Hong Mai” [1] Literary collection. The work is not listed in the standard bibliographies and was only cited in the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) of → Yang Shen 楊慎, in the Sheng’an ji 昇庵集,, “Collection of [Yang] Sheng’an,” (→ Yang Sheng’an ji 楊昇庵集), and some other Ming 明 dynasty works. AN Hong Jinglu ji 洪景盧集, “Collection of Hong Jinglu.” LSZ quotes it in his main text only. Hong Neihan 洪内翰 → Hong Mai 洪邁 Hong Rongzhai sui bi 洪容齋隨筆 → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆 Hong shi 洪氏  [3] → Hong Mai 洪邁  [1] → Wai yi Hong shi 外醫洪氏

184 Hong Shunyu 洪舜俞 [2] Southern Song 宋 official. During the reign of → Song Ning zong 宋寧宗 (r. 1194-1224), he held office at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and the Bureau of Evaluation. Later he retired at Qian 潛 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江 and studied books at Tian mu shan 天目山, collecting a large number of texts. LSZ cites his → Lao pu fu 老圃賦. Hong Wen’an 洪文安 (1120-1174) This is the posthumous name of Hong Zun 洪遵, a Southern Song 宋 official and expert on coins. Style name Jingyan 景嚴, a man of Po yang 鄱陽, now Bo yang 波陽 in Jiang xi 江西. He worked hard to become a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and rose to various other offices such as Grand Councilor of the Right (you cheng xiang 右丞相). In the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆, his younger brother → Hong Mai 洪邁 reports that Hong Zun died of excessive ingestion of toxic pills with yu shi 礜石 that were prescribed by → Tang Sanyi 湯三益. LSZ takes this over, referring to Hong as Hong Wen’an [1] and Wen’an gong 文安公, “Literary and Peaceful Lord,” [1]. Hong wu zheng yun 洪武正韻, “Correct rhymes of the Hong wu reign Period” [1] Ming 明 dynasty book of rhymes. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written on imperial command by Le Shaofeng 樂韶鳳 and others. DC 1375. 16 juan. The book uses a different approach to earlier works, devoting 22 chapters to the shang 上, qu 去, and ping 平 tones each and 10 to the ru 入 tone. The book was widely published and circulated during its time but was rarely used later. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Hong yufu 洪玉父 [1] This is the style name of Hong Yan 洪炎, a poet of late Northern Song 宋, early Southern Song. A man of Nan chang 南昌 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. He was the elder brother of Hong Chu 洪芻 (→ Hong Jufu 洪駒父) and acquired a reputation for his writings. LSZ refers a passage explaining the name of the crab apple (lin qin 林檎) to Hong, which he quotes second-hand from the later → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚 of → Zhu Mu 祝穆. Hong Zhongxuan 洪忠宣 (1088-1155) [1] This is the posthumous name of Hong Hao 洪皓, a Song 宋 dynasty official and father of → Hong Mai 洪邁. Style name Guangbi 光弼, a man of Po yang 鄱陽 in present-day Jiang xi 江西, jin shi during the zheng he 政和 reign period (11111118). In 1129, he went on a diplomatic mission to Jin 金, where he remained in captivity after refusing Jin offers of an appointment. In 1142 he finally returned to Song China and received a court appointment there. In the → Song mo ji wen 松漠紀聞 Hong recorded the things seen and heard during his years of arrest. He was also known for his poetry, which, along with other works, was collected into the Po yang ji 鄱陽集, “Collection from Po yang.” LSZ refers to Hong by his posthumous name only.

185 Hongjing 弘景 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Hou Han shu 後漢書, “History of the Later Han”  Standard history. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Fan Ye 范曄 of Liu Song 劉宋. Now 120 chapters, divided into 130 juan. The text records the history of Eastern Han 漢 (23-220 CE) and is written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Since the original text only comprises annals and biographies, the Xu Han shu 續 漢書, “History of the Second Han,” of the Western Jin 晉 author → Sima Biao 司馬彪 was combined with Fan Ye’s text during the Northern Song 宋 dynasty to produce the presently circulating text. Before Fan Ye, there had been numerous attempts to produce a history of Eastern Han by → Xie Cheng 謝承, Sima Biao, Hua Jiao 華嶠, and others. Fan Ye took the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記 as his basis and used material from the previous histories, especially from Hua Jiao’s Hou Han shu, to compile his edition. Consequently, after Fan Ye’s text became available, the earlier material gradually disappeared. LSZ refers to the text as Hou Han shu [9] and as Dong Han shu 東漢書, “History of Eastern Han,” [1].

 [1] AN for the → Xu Han shu 續漢書. Hou Ji 后稷, “Lord Millet” Agricultural god, patron of millet (and other grains), considered the founding ancestor of the Zhou 周 dynasty ruling clan. Personal name Qi 棄, son of → Jiang Yuan 姜嫄. As an ancestral figure and a teacher of the people in agriculture he was an object of special sacrifice in Zhou times. The legend is detailed in the → Shi jing 詩經 and other early sources. LSZ refers to him as Hou Ji [2] and as Qi [1]. Hou jiao shou 侯教授 → Zhan jiao shou 詹教授 Hou shi 侯氏, “Mr. Hou” [1] This is Hou Ningji 侯寧极, a medical writer of the Later Tang 唐 dynasty. Jin shi during the tian cheng 天成 reign period (926-929). He collected a multitude of alternative names for pharmaceutical substances to create a Yao pu 藥譜, “Treatise on Pharmaceutical Substances,” which LSZ, not giving Hou’s full name, calls → Hou shi yao pu 侯氏藥譜. Hou shi yao pu 侯氏藥譜, “Mr. Hou’s Treatise on Pharmaceutical Substances” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Yao pu 藥譜, “Treatise on Pharmaceutical Substances,” a medical reference text. EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Written by Hou Ningji 侯寧 极 (→ Hou shi 侯氏), AN Yao ming pu 藥名譜, “Treatise on Names of Pharmaceutical Substances.” DC early 10th century. 1 juan. The text consists of 190 entries with alternative names, mostly personifications, for pharmaceutical drugs. LSZ does not list the text in his bibliography but cites it once in the main text. Hou Wei shu 後魏書, “History of Later Wei” [4] Historical work. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without indicating an author but attributes it to → Li Yanshou 李延壽 in the main text. Of the citations in the BCGM, the three not associated with Li’s name are from the → Wei shu 魏書 of Wei Shou 魏收. The one

186 citation attributed to Li Yanshou is from a Hou Wei shu cited in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 without any indication of authorship. We know of several books with this name, but none has survived. Thus, there is no way to determine exactly what work is being cited in the Tai ping yu lan, which refers to a Hou Wei shu on numerous occasions, possibly referring to several books of the same title. In any case, there is no evidence that Li Yanshou wrote such a work, so LSZ is certainly mistaken in attributing such a book to him. Hou Wei Xiao Wen di 後魏孝文帝 (467-499) [1] This is Yuan Hong 元宏, emperor of Northern Wei 魏, r. 471-499. According to the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, the pharmaceutical drug xiao wen jiu 孝文韭 was planted by him. Hou yanqing 侯延慶 Northern Song 宋 literatus. Style name Jichang 季長, literary name Tuizhai jushi 退齋居士, “The Retired Scholar who Withdrew to his Study.” A man of Heng shan 衡山 in Chang sha 長沙 in present-day Hu nan 湖南, jin shi 1116. He held a court post and was the author of the → Tuizhai ya wen lu 退齋雅聞 錄, of a Tuizhai ci 退齋詞, “Ci Poetry of [Hou] Tuizhai,” and other books. LSZ does not call him by his proper name but incorrectly refers to him as Hou Yanshang 侯延賞 [2]. Hou yanshang 侯延賞 → Hou Yanqing 侯延慶 Hu ben cao 胡本草, “Materia Medica of the Northern and Western Lands” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book on pharmaceuticals from foreign (northern and western) countries and ethnic minority areas. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐 書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Zheng Qian 鄭虔. DC between 742 and 755. 7 juan. LSZ mentions the work in the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 entry in his bibliographical sections and quotes what is apparently a fragment of the text from an uncertain source in the main text. Hu er 胡兒 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty general, son of → Li Xuan 李宣. His mother, Mrs. Fan 樊 (→ Fan shi 樊氏), was pregnant with him but did not deliver by the due date. Only later did she give birth to the baby from a lesion in her forehead. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Hugang zi 狐剛子 [2] Daoist. According to the modern scholar Zhao Kuanghua 趙匡華, he was also called Hugang zi 胡罡子 or Hugang zi 狐罡子, his given name was Qiu 丘, and he was a late Eastern Han 漢 alchemist associated with → Wei Boyang 魏伯陽. His Huang di jiu ding shen dan jing jue 黃帝九鼎神丹經訣, “Secret Instructions on the Classic of the Divine Elixirs of the Yellow Thearch’s Nine Tripods,” in 20 juan is preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏 經), and the → ZLBC quotes his → Fen tu 粉圖.

187 Hu gong shi ji 壺公食忌 → Hu Jushi shi ji 壺居士食忌 Hu Guang 胡廣 (91-172) [1] Eastern Han 漢 high official. Style name Boshi 伯始, a man of Hua rong 華 容 in Nan jun 南郡, now part of Hu nan 湖南. He held various high posts and rose to be Minister of Works (da si kong 大司空), Minister of Education (si tu 司徒) and Defender-in-chief (tai wei 太尉). The → Hou Han shu 後漢書  has his biography. According to the → Jing zhou ji 荊州記, he drank from a pond of Chrysanthemum water and achieved longevity. LSZ mentions this in SE ju 菊. Hu Jiao 胡嶠 [2] Man of Later Zhou 周 during the Five Dynasties. He held local offices in He yang 郃陽 county in present-day Shaan xi 陝西. After going on an embassy to the Qitan he was held captive for seven years. When he returned in 953, he wrote of his experiences in the lost → Xian lu ji 陷虜記, cited second hand by LSZ. Hu Jushi 壺居士 [2] Legendary immortal of pre-Tang 唐 times. He is attributed the dietary text → Hu Jushi shi ji 壺居士食忌 cited by the → Cha jing 茶經 and the → ZLBC. Hu Jushi 胡居士 → Hu Qia 胡洽 Hu Jushi fang 胡居士方 → Bai bing fang 百病方 Hu Jushi shi ji 壺居士食忌, “dietary Prohibitions of Hu the recluse” Book on dietary therapy. EE → Cha jing 茶經. Attributed to Hu gong 壺公 or → Hu Jushi 壺居士, a legendary immortal traditionally dated to the Later Han 漢 period, who is said to have practiced medicine on his own and sold pharmaceutical substances in the market. LSZ quotes a fragment of the book from the Cha jing in his main text but incorrectly calls the text Hu gong shi ji 壺公食忌, “Dietary Prohibitions of the Honorable Mr. Hu,” [1]. He denies the lore about tea in the citation as Daoist exaggeration. In addition, he quotes a → ZLBC fragment referring to Hu Jushi that was probably taken from this book, but mistakenly attributes it to Simiao 思邈 (→ Sun Simiao 孫思邈). Hu Jushi zhuan 壺居士傳, “Biography of Hu the recluse” [1] Biographical text. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Although it lists the title in its bibliographical sections, the ZLBC does not quote any biographical material in its main text but labels information on dietetic therapy with the name → Hu Jushi 壺居士. This is probably taken from the → Hu Jushi shi ji 壺居士食忌 cited in the → Cha jing 茶經. LSZ, too, lists a Hu Jushi zhuan in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites the ZLBC material labeled Hu Jushi, but mistakenly attributes this material to Simiao 思邈 (→ Sun Simiao 孫思邈). Hu ming fang 護命方 → Wan quan hu ming fang 萬全護命方 Hu Qia 胡洽 Liu Song 劉宋 physician and Daoist. Original name Hu Daoqia 胡道洽, but the character dao 道 was later omitted due to a naming taboo. Nickname Hu Jushi 胡居士, “Hu the Recluse.” He was a man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou

188 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇 and is the author of the → Bai bing fang 百病方. LSZ refers to Hu as Hu Qia [12], as Hu Jushi [2], and as Hu Qia jushi 胡洽居士 [12]. Hu Qia fang 胡洽方 → Bai bing fang 百病方 Hu Qia jushi 胡洽居士 → Hu Qia 胡洽 Hu shi 忽氏 → Hu Sihui 忽思慧 Hu shi 胡氏, “Mr. Hu”, “Mrs. Hu” [8]  [3] Unidentifiable author of the → Hu shi fu ren fang 胡氏婦人方  [2] Unidentifiable author of the → Hu shi ji yin fang 胡氏濟陰方

 [1] In a case record by LSZ himself, this is a wife of → Jing mu wang 荆穆王, from the Hu 胡 clan, who suffered from unbearable heart pain.

 [2] In → Hu shi fang 胡氏方 , this is → Hu Ying 胡濙, author of the → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方. A recipe by a Mr. Hu called “life-seizing powder” (duo ming san 奪命散) that LSZ cites from the → San yin fang 三因方 is not found in that text. The Wei sheng yi jian fang has the same recipe but with a different name, so probably LSZ’s quotation is a mixture of the Wei sheng yi jian fang material and other texts. Hu shi fang 胡氏方, “recipes of Mr. Hu”  [1] → Hu shi fu ren fang 胡氏婦人方

 [1] In connection with a recipe for soft pimples (ruan jie 軟癤) in SE shi hui 石灰, this is the → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方. Hu shi fu ren fang 胡氏婦人方, “Mr. Hu’s recipes for Women” Song 宋 or pre-Song book on women’s medicine. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人 良方 attributes a “sweat-stopping pill” (zhi han san 止汗散) to one Hu shi 胡氏, “Mr. Hu.” Recipes associated with a Mr. Hu in the Fu ren liang fang go back to a Hu shi bao qing ji 胡氏寶慶方, “Mr. Hu’s Recipes Treasured for Good Fortune,” by an unidentifiable person of that name. LSZ cites the same recipe second hand as from a Hu shi fu ren fang [1] for the treatment of postpartum sweating without giving the source of the material and without listing such a text in his bibliography. He also refers to the text as Hu shi fang, “Recipes of Mr. Hu,” [1] and attributes another postpartum recipe from the Fu ren liang fang to Hu shi [1]. Hu shi ji yin fang 胡氏濟陰方, “Mr. Hu’s recipes to Benefit the yin” Collection of gynecological recipes. See bibliography of the BCGM. The author’s name and other details are unavailable. LSZ cites the book as Hu shi ji yin fang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and as Ji yin fang 濟陰方, “Recipes to Benefit the Yin,” [1]. Hu Shike 胡仕可 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty medical official. Style name Kedan 可丹, a man of Yi feng 宜豐 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Author of the → Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括. Hu Sihui 忽思慧 Yuan 元 dynasty court dietician for several reigns during the early 14th century. Possibly of Turkic origin since his name may be Turkic, and he was certainly fa-

189 miliar with Turkic vocabulary and culture. He seems to have collaborated with various other people, some of them foreigners and possibly including one Tibetan, in producing the → Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正要. LSZ refers to him as Hu Sihui [1] and as Hu shi 忽氏, “Mr. Hu,” [1]. Hu yan 胡演 Ming 明 or pre-Ming Daoist. Further details are unavailable. Author of the → Sheng lian dan yao mi jue 昇煉丹藥秘訣. Hu yang gong zhu 湖陽公主, “Princess of Hu yang” [2] Name of a patient. In SE zhi 枳, LSZ cites a story second hand from the → Du Ren fang 杜壬方 about the treatment of a Hu yang gong zhu for difficult birth, with a recipe including zhi qiao 枳殼. This citation originates from the → ZLBC, which refers to a Hu yang gong zhu 胡陽公主 instead. → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震 亨, in his → Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘論, writes the princess’s name Hu yang gong zhu 湖陽公主, and LSZ takes this over. The identity of any Hu yang gong zhu remains uncertain, we may only say that she was a Song 宋 or pre-Song person, since → Du Ren 杜壬 was a man of the 11th century. Hu yang gong zhu 湖陽 公主 is usually a reference to the elder sister of the Eastern Han 漢 emperor Guang Wu di 光武帝, but there is no textual evidence for the herb zhi qiao in Han times. Hu ying 胡濙 (1375-1463) Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Yuanjie 源洁, literary name Jieyan 洁庵, “Pure Hut.” A man of Wu jin 武進 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇, jin shi 1400. Empowered as Minister of Rites (li bu shang shu 禮部尚書), Hu toured the country as part of his official duties and collected medical books along the way. Based on this material, he wrote the → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方 and other books. Hu yongzhi 胡用之 [1] Northern Song 宋 official positioned in Deng zhou 鄧州. According to the → Lei bian 類編, he once suggested the application of chen sha 辰砂 to cure a case of frequent dreaming. LSZ cites this second hand in SE zhu sha 朱砂. Hu yun’ao 胡雲翱 [1] Medical writer, about whom no biographical details are available. Author of the → Lao zhai fang 勞瘵方 . Judging from one recipe mentioned in the fragment cited from this work, he probably lived during Northern Song 宋 times or later. Hu Zai 胡仔 (c. 1095-1170) [2] Southern Song 宋 literary scholar. Style name Yuanren 元任. A man of Ji xi 績 溪 in Hui zhou 徽州, now part of An hui 安徽. He first received a court post by sponsorship and later on held various other court and regional offices. After retirement he went to live in Hu zhou 湖州, now Wu xing 吳興 in Zhe jiang 浙 江, and adopted the literary name Tiaoxi yuyin 苕溪漁隱, “Fisherman Hermit of Tiao xi.” He wrote many books, of which LSZ cites his → Yu yin cong hua 漁 隱叢話.

190 Hu zhuo shi 壺涿氏, “Gentleman for Sprinkling from the Pot” [3] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of eliminating “water bugs” (shui chong 水蟲), i.e., mythical creatures such as “water foxes” (shui hu 水 狐) and “water worms” (shui yu 水蜮). Hua 華 → Hua Tuo 華佗 Hua Boren 滑伯仁 → Hua Shou 滑壽 Hua Cui 花翠 [1] Southern Song 宋 person, a servant girl of the family of → Liu Qingxiao 劉清 嘯, a musician from Yi chang 益昌. She loved to eat uncooked rice and eventually became ill-nourished and emaciated with her complexion assuming a withered, yellow color. She was cured by the supervisor of a public pharmacy (→ Zhao yin 趙尹) with pills made of cang zhu 蒼术. This story is recorded in the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 and taken over by LSZ in SE zhu 术. However, LSZ erroneously identifies Hua Cui as a prostitute. Hua gong 化公 [2] Sui 隋 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Tang ben cao 唐本草 states that the substance shi nao 石腦 had been consumed by one Hua gong of Sui and was therefore also called hua gong shi 化公石, “Mineral of Hua gong.” LSZ mentions him in SE shi nao 石腦. Hua lao 華老, “Old Man Hua” [1] Ming 明 dynasty person, a contemporary of LSZ. Personal name unknown. LSZ cites one of his own cases, in which he saves Hua from dying by treating his severe dysentery and abdominal pains with yan hu suo 延胡索. Hua mu ji 花木記, “records of Flowers and Trees” [1] Lost work by the Tang 唐 writer and official → Li Deyu 李德裕. Fragments are found in various works like the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 or the → Shuo fu 説 郛. LSZ cites a fragment from the Shuo fu in his main text. Hua pu 花譜  [2] → Mu dan pu 牡丹譜  [1] Part of the title of the → You Mo zhai hua pu 游默齋花譜 Hua shan ji 華山記, “records of Hua shan” [1] Lost book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Author uncertain, sometimes attributed to the Tang 唐 hermit Lu Hong 盧鴻 (AV Lu Hongyi 盧鴻一, fl. 713-741). 1 juan. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記 and other books. The → ZLBC also quotes a section. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not quote any material from it in his main text. Hua Shou 滑壽 (14th century) Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 dynasty medical scholar. Style name Boren 伯 仁, later literary name Yingning sheng 攖寧生, “Gentleman of Ying ning.” His family was originally from Xiang cheng 襄城 in present-day He nan 河南, but

191 his paternal grandfather moved toYi zheng 儀征, now in Jiang su 江蘇, and the family followed. Hua’s books include the Du Su wen chao 讀素問鈔, “Notes Taken While Reading the Su wen,” the Nan jing ben yi 難經本義, “The Original Meanings of the Nan jing,” the Zhen jia shu yao 診家樞要, “Key Points for Diagnosticians,” the Shi si jing fa hui 十四經發揮, “Elaborations on the 14 Classics,” the Yi xue yin gou 醫學引彀, “Drawing the Bow of Medical Studies to the Full,” and the Ying ning sheng wu zang bu xie xin yao 櫻寧生五臟補瀉心要, “Core Essentials for Supplementing or Draining the Five Long-Term Depots by an Active but Calm Life.” LSZ cites the latter as → Ying ning xin yao 攖寧心要 and also uses Hua’s annotations to the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 from the Du Su wen chao. LSZ refers to Hua as Hua Shou [1] and as Hua Boren 滑伯仁 [2]. Hua shu 化書, “Book of Transformations” Five Dynasties/Ten Kingdoms period book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Attributed to → Song Qiqiu 宋齊丘 of Southern Tang 唐, by later scholars to Tan Qiao 譚峭 (→ Tan zi 譚子), preface by Song Qiqiu. AN therefore Tan zi hua shu 譚子化書, “Master Tan’s Book of Transformations.” 6 juan. The book is divided into 6 sections, each one devoted to one kind of transformation (hua 化). These are mainly Daoist concepts that trace the origin of all things back to emptiness (xu 虛). The → ZLBC cites two fragments on plant grafting. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Hua shu [4], referring it to Song Qiqiu in most cases. In other places, however, he refers it to Tan Qiao, citing the text as Tan zi hua shu [2] or simply as Tan zi [1]. Hua Tuo 華佗 (died 208) Famous physician of late Han 漢 times and the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Yuanhua 元化. A man of Qiao xian 譙縣 in Pei guo 沛國, now Bo zhou 亳州 in An hui 安徽. Hua, numerous biographies and case studies of whose are preserved in early sources, was a specialist in nourishing one’s nature (yang xing 養性) and related arts, which included medical knowledge on pharmacology and surgical techniques. He also developed early Chinese dao yin 導引 practices such as the exercises of the five animals. He and his disciples, including → Wu Pu 吳 普 and → Li Dangzhi 李當之, are associated with the circle that may have produced the → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 as well as numerous other medical works, some of them materia medica texts. Books like the → Hua Tuo fang 華佗方 and the → Zhong zang jing 中藏經 are (falsely) attributed to Hua Tuo, and the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 quotes a treatise on drug characteristics by Hua. Other works that quote medical recipes attributed to Hua include the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, and the → ZLBC. LSZ quotes from such sources, referring to Hua Tuo as Hua Tuo [21], as Hua 華 [1], as Tuo 佗 [6], or as Yuanhua [1]. Occasionally Li writes his name Hua Tuo 華 陀 [8] by mistake. He also refers to a → Hua Tuo wei bing fang 華佗危病方 [3], and to a Hua Tuo jiu zu bing fang 華佗救卒病方, “Hua Tuo’s Recipes for Aiding Sudden Diseases,” [1], all of which we know little about. Most probably these are also fake attributions with Hua Tuo’s name as part of the title.

192 Hua Tuo 華陀 → Hua Tuo 華佗 Hua Tuo bie zhuan 華佗別傳, “Supplementary Biography of HuaTuo” [1] Title of a book chapter. Originally part of juan 29 of the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) expanded by Pei Songzhi 裴鬆之, the biography was called Tuo bie zhuan 佗別傳, “Supplementary Biography of Tuo.” The same text is referred to as Hua Tuo bie zhuan in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, so LSZ must have taken the material he cites in SE gou 狗 from there. Hua Tuo fang 華佗方, “recipes of Hua Tuo” [5] Recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to → Hua Tuo 華佗. DC Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 dynasties. 10 juan. Fragments are found in the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急 方, the → Xiao pin fang 小品方, the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, and the → ZLBC. LSZ quotes the work second hand. Hua Tuo jiu zu bing fang 華佗救卒病方 → Hua Tuo 華佗 Hua Tuo wei bing fang 華佗危病方, “Hua Tuo’s recipes for [the Treatment of ] dangerous diseases” [3] Name of a book. The title is not listed in any any of the standard bibliographies or the bibliographical sections of the BCGM. No book prior to the Ming 明 cites a text of this name, so is can be assumed that the Hua Tuo wei bing fang was a Ming dynasty work that assumed the name of → Hua Tuo 華佗 for authorship. Hua yang guo zhi 華陽國志, “records of the States South of Mount Hua” [2] Eastern Jin 晉 historical book and early gazetteer. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經 籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Chang Qu 常璩. DC 348-354. 12 juan. The surviving volume has one added juan as a supplement. Hua yang 華陽 is an old geographical name referring to the yang 陽 (southern) side of Hua shan 華山. This is an area now south of Qin ling 秦岭 in Shaan xi 陝西 and includes parts of Si chuan 四川, Yun nan 雲南, and Gui zhou 貴州. The book describes historical events from ancient times to Eastern Jin 晉 in the old Ba 巴 and Shu 蜀 areas and contains information on products from this part of China. The author was a man of Jiang yuan 江原, now in Si chuan, who knew the area well. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text and refers to what was originally juan 4 of the text as → Nan zhong zhi 南中志. Huai nan 淮南 [2] As the title of a book, an abbreviation for the → Huai nan zi 淮南子. Also an ancient geographical name, for further information see Vol. 2 of this dictionary on geographical designations and administrative structures. Huai nan ba gong 淮南八公, “Eight Lords of Huai nan” Eight immortals of the early Western Han 漢 period associated with → Liu An 劉安, prince of Huai nan 淮南. Their various alchemical and other activities are detailed in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The → Tong zhi 通志 attributes a →

193 Xiang he jing 相鶴經 to them, and LSZ follows this interpretation, referring to the lords as Huai nan ba gong [1] and Ba gong 八公, “Eight Lords,” [1] Huai nan gong 淮南公 → Yimen zi 羡門子 Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術, “all the Ten-thousand arts of Huai nan” Lost book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Attributed to → Liu An 劉安 and his disciples. 3 juan. The text is apparently lost, but the → Huai nan zi 淮南子 is considered to constitute the inner chapters (nei pian 内篇) part and the Huai nan wan bi shu the outer chapters (wai pian 外篇) part of one and the same book. The text focused on alchemy and Daoist mythology. Extensive fragments are preserved in later works like the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Huai nan wan bi shu [21] and also refers to it as Wan bi shu 萬畢術, “All the Ten-thousand Arts,” [10], as Huai nan zi wan bi shu 淮南子萬畢術, “All the Ten-thousand Arts of the Masters of Huai nan,” [2], and as Hong bao wan bi shu 鴻寶萬畢術, “All the Ten-thousand Arts from the Hong bao,” [1]. Huai nan wang 淮南王 → Liu An 劉安 Huai nan wang shi jing 淮南王食經, “The Food Classic of the Prince of Huai nan” [1] Lost treatise on food. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” The name of the actual author (there is only an attribution to the Prince of Huai nan, → Liu An 劉安) is lost, but the Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” attribute the work to Zhuge Ying 諸葛穎 (539615) of the Sui 隋 dynasty. DC 605-615. 120 juan (AV 130 juan). LSZ, in his main text, refers to the work by name as existing in early times but does not cite any material from it. Huai nan zhen zhong ji 淮南枕中記, “record Kept by the [Master of ] Huai nan in his Headrest” [1] Anonymous text on life extension. DC Song 宋 or before. EE → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方. The passage cited by LSZ from the text can be found there and in the → TJBC. Huai nan zi 淮南子, “The Master of Huai nan” Western Han 漢 philosophy book. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” AN Huai nan hong lie 淮南鴻烈, “The Great Brilliance from Huai nan.” Written by the Western Han prince of Huai nan, → Liu An 劉安, known as Huai nan zi, and his advisors. The work was originally divided into 21 inner chapters (nei pian 内篇) and 33 outer chapters (wai pian 外篇), the latter consisting of the → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術. The inner chapters focused on Daoist philosophy, the outer ones on various topics. Today only the 21 inner chapters survive, they focus upon Daoist issues but also provide a syncretism of other philosophical movements like Confucianism,

194 Mohism, or the School of Yin and Yang. The annotated version by → Gao You 高誘 called → Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈解 is the edition LSZ took his material from. LSZ refers to the text as Huai nan zi [52] and as Huai nan 淮 南 [2]. He also frequently quotes the Huai nan wan bi shu and occasionally the Huai nan zi hong lie jie directly. Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈解, “Explanations to the Great Brilliance of the Master of Huai nan” This is an Eastern Han 漢 commentary to the → Huai nan zi 淮南子 by → Gao You 高誘. AN Huai nan hong lie jie 淮南鴻烈解, “Explanations to the Great Brilliance from Huai nan.” Among other things, Gao explains the meaning of the term “great brilliance” (hong lie 鴻烈) in Huai nan hong lie 淮南鴻烈, “The Great Brilliance of Huai nan,” the original title of the Huai nan zi. LSZ cites the text as Huai nan zi hong lie jie [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, where he also refers to it as Huai nan zi zhu 淮南子注, “Annotations to the Huai nan zi,” [1], Huai nan 淮南 [2], or Gao You zhu Huai nan zi 高誘注淮南子, “The Huai nan zi Annotated by Gao You.” Huai nan zi wan bi shu 淮南子萬畢術 → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術 Huai nan zi zhu 淮南子注 → Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈解 Huan 緩 [1] Physician and medical theoretician of the state of Qin 秦 during the Spring and Autumn Period. Also called Yi Huan 醫緩. The → Zuo zhuan 左傳 has a story about him curing the Marquis of Jin 晉, and LSZ mentions his name. Huan Jing 桓景 Eastern Han 漢 person, a man of Ru nan 汝南, in the southwest of present-day Shang cai 上蔡 in He nan 河南. According to the → Xu Qi xie ji 續齊諧記, he studied the Dao with → Fei Zhangfang 費長房. Later, Fei told him that on the ninth day of the ninth month his home would be struck by a catastrophe. He advised him to climb a high mountain carrying evodia fruit on his belt and to ingest wine with chrysanthemum flowers to ward off the disaster. LSZ takes this story over in SE wu zhu yu 吳茱萸, referring to Huan as Huan Jing [1] and Jing 景 [1]. Huan Kuan 桓寬 Western Han 漢 official. Style name Cigong 次公. He was a man of Ru nan 汝 南 in present-day He nan 河南 and held different court and regional posts. Later he was ordered by Emperor Xuan 宣 of Han (r. 73-49 BCE) to assemble the textual remains of the salt and iron monopoly debates of 81 BCE to produce the → Yan tie lun 鹽鐵論. LSZ cites this book, referring to Huan as Huan Kuan [1] and by mistake as Huan Tan 桓譚 [1]. Huan long shi 豢龍氏, “The dragon Breeders” [1] A clan of professional dragon breeders referred to in the → Zuo zhuan 左傳. LSZ mentions the Huan long shi in SE long 龍.

195 Huan shi 環氏, “Mr. Huan” [2] This is LSZ’s name for Huan Ji 環濟, a Western Jin 晉 man. Details about his life are unavailable, except for that he held the post of Erudite of the Imperial Academy (tai xue bo shi 太學博士). Author of the → Wu ji 吳紀 and the Di wang yao lüe 帝王要略, “Essential Outline of Emperors.” Huan Tan 桓譚 → Huan Kuan 桓寬 Huan yu zhi 寰宇志 → Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志 Huang 黃 → Huang di 黃帝  Huang bai mi fa 黃白秘法, “Secret Methods of yellow and White” [1] Lost, anonymous Daoist alchemical text. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” 1 juan (AV 20 juan). LSZ does not list the work as separate entry in his bibliographical sections but mentions it within the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊 entry there. Huang Chao 黃巢 (820-884) [1] Late Tang 唐 leader of a rebel peasant army. LSZ mentions him in SE gu jing 古鏡. Huang di 黃帝, “yellow Thearch”  Chinese culture hero, legendary common ancestor, considered the founder of Chinese medicine. Named Xuanyuan 軒轅 after the place where he is assumed to have lived. He is the central figure of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 and the parallel Huang di ling shu 黃帝靈樞, “Numinous Pivot of the Yellow Thearch” (→ Ling shu jing 靈樞經), which together make up the Huang di nei jing 黃帝 內經, “Inner Classic of the Yellow Thearch.” Huang di there appears in dialogue with → Qi Bo 岐伯 and others. Apart from citing these books, LSZ refers to the Yellow Thearch separately as Huang di [24], Xuanyuan [2], or Xuanyuan shi 軒轅氏, “Master Xuanyuan,” [1], or using the shortened names Huang 黃 [1] or Xuan 軒 [3] in connection with Qi 岐.  [43] Pre-Han 漢 text on pharmaceutical substances incorporating the name of → Huang di 黃帝  in the title. A passage on the characteristics of pharmaceuticals is preserved in the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草, from which LSZ takes his citations.

 [4] Other books attributed to → Huang di 黃帝  that also incorporate the Yellow Thearch’s name in the title. In the BCGM this is the → Huang di shu 黃 帝書. Huang di shu 黃帝書, “Book of the yellow Thearch” [4] Book on food prohibitions. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to → Huang di 黃帝 . DC Han 漢 or before. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites it second hand from the dietary sections of the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方. Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, “Basic Questions of the yellow Thearch” Medical theory book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” DC uncertain, material by various authors dat-

196 ing from the Qin 秦 and Han 漢 dynasties. Originally 9 juan (juan 7 was lost during Jin 晉 times) and 81 chapters. The text is comprised of dialogues between → Huang di 黃帝  and an otherwise unknown → Qi Bo 岐伯 and others, thus the name of Huang di in the title. The dialogues discuss the fundamentals of Chinese medicine, like the role of yin and yang, the five phases, anatomy, conduits and network vessels, and disease signs. The Huang di su wen and a parallel text, the → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 together constitute the Nei jing 內經, “Inner Classic,” as a whole. The edition of the Su wen currently in use, as printed and re-edited in Song 宋 times, is based upon the 762 edition of → Wang Bing 王 冰. Wang Bing, in addition to adding extensive notes, inserted 7 chapters on the doctrine of the “five periods and six qi” (wu yun liu qi 五運六氣) that were presumably compiled during the Han dynasty, producing an edition of 24 juan and 81 chapters. Only fragments survive now of Wang’s original. LSZ quotes the book as Huang di su wen [1] and frequently as Su wen 素問, “Basic Questions,” [86]. He also refers to it as Nei jing [10], as Jing 經, “Classic,” [16], or (in connection with Ling 靈 for the Ling shu jing) as Su 素, “Basic,” [1]. Theoretical discussions on the principles of medicine captioned with Qi Bo [19] (but not the material on pharmaceutics labeled with his name) are also from the Su wen. In addition, LSZ refers to individual chapters of the Su wen by name, i.e., to the Yin yang ying xiang lun 陰陽應象論, “Comprehensive Discourse on Phenomena Corresponding to Yin and Yang,” [2], the Yi fa fang yi lun 異法方宜 論, “Discourse on Different [Therapeutic] Patterns Suitable for [Use in Different] Cardinal Points,” [1], the Zhi zhen yao da lun 至真要大論, “Comprehensive Discourse on the Essentials of the Most Reliable,” [1], the Liu jie zang xiang lun 六節臟象論, “Discourse on the Six Terms [of a Year] and on Phenomena [Associated with the Condition] of the Long-Term Depots,” [1], and the Bing neng lun 病能論, “Discourse on Disease Manifestations,” [1]. Huang dian shi 黃典史, “Clerk Huang” [1] This is a man called Huang Ren’e 黃仁鍔, an early Northern Song 宋 unranked subofficial. He is said to once have suffered from red eyes and loss of vision, when in his dreams a spirit appeared and gave him the appropriate recipe. LSZ cites this story from the Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ) in SE xuan jing shi 玄精石. Huang Gongshao 黃公紹 Man of late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 times, erroneously referred to as Huang Gongwu 黃公武 [1] by LSZ. Style name Zhiweng 直翁, literary name Lüweng 履翁, “Walking Old Man.” A man of Shao wu 昭武 in present-day Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1265. Huang remained a Song loyalist and was the author of the → Gu jin yun hui 古今韻會, the Zai xuan ji 在軒集, “Collection Produced while Staying at a Pavilion with a View” (DC c. 1286), and other books. Huang Gongwu 黃公武 → Huang Gongshao 黃公紹

197 Huang ji jing shi shu 皇極經世書, “Book of Supreme Principles that Govern the World” [1] Northern Song 宋 book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Huang ji jing shi 皇機經世, “Supreme Principles that Govern the World.” Written by Shao Yong 邵雍 (→ Shao Yaofu 邵堯夫). 12 juan. Juan 1 to 6 explain the world’s order and disorder according to the 64 hexagrams of the → Zhou yi 周易 (Book of Changes), and juan 7 to 10 discuss phonological categories. These parts are considered the “Inner Chapters” (nei pian 内篇) of the book. The last two juan, called the Guan wu wai pian 觀物外篇, “Outer Chapters on the Observations of Things,” were written by a disciple of Shao Yong. The book uses the trigrams and hexagrams of the Book of Changes to establish the numerological system of Shao Yong’s cosmological philosophy. It was extremely influential during the Ming 明 dynasty. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections, but the passage from the book quoted in the main text is labeled with the author’s name Shao zi 邵子, “Master Shao,” [1], and not the book’s title. Huang Jian 黃戩 Early Southern Song 宋 official. The → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書 states that he prolonged his life by never consuming vinegar. LSZ takes over this story in SE cu 醋 but erroneously gives Huang’s name as Wang Jian 王戩 [1]. Huang lian song 黃連頌 → Jiang Yan ji 江淹集 Huang lian zan 黃連贊 → Song Wang Wei zan 宋王微贊 Huang Liu 黃六 [1] Person of the early Ming 明 or earlier, a soldier on duty in Han yang 漢陽. Once when he suffered from panting and cough with phlegm, he met a Daoist who cured him with a “powder with gallnut and alum” (wu fan san 五礬散). LSZ cites this recipe in SE wu wei zi 五味子 but erroneously changes the original ingredient wu bei zi 五倍子 to wu wei zi. Huang shan jun 黃山君, “Lord of Huang shan” [1] Legendary immortal, who supposedly lived several hundred years and still had a youthful appearance. In the → Za lu 雜錄 , → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 claims that the immortal drank tea to lighten the body and exchange his bones, a story that LSZ considers an exaggeration and error. Huang Shangu 黃山谷 → Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅 Huang Shangu ji 黃山谷集, “Collection of Huang Shangu” This is LSZ’s name for the Shangu ji 山谷集, “Collection of [Huang] Shangu,” the literary collection of → Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅 of Northern Song 宋. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” The anthology consists of an inner collection (nei ji 内集) in 30 juan, an outer collection (wai ji 外集) in 14 juan, a separate collection (bie ji 別集) in 20 juan, 1 juan of ci 詞 poetry, 2 juan of correspondence, and 3 juan of biographical annals (nian pu 年譜). It was compiled by Huang Tingjian’s nephew Huang Hongyan 黃洪炎 and others. LSZ cites the work as Huang Shangu

198 ji [2], and in the main text under Huang’s literary name Huang Shangu 黃山谷 [6]. The Ku sun fu 苦筍賦, “Rhapsody on Bitter Bamboo Shoots,” [1], cited separately, is also from this collection. Huang Shengzeng 黃省曾 (1490-1540) [1] Ming 明 dynasty man. Style name Zhizhi 勉之, literary name Wuyue shanren 五嶽山人, “Hermit of Mount Wu yue.” A man of Wu xian 吳縣, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He passed his examinations in 1531. Even at a young age, Huang was interested in literature and became an expert in the → Er ya 爾雅. Later, he became a disciple of Wang Yangming 王陽明. He was widely learned in literature and also possessed knowledge on economics, agriculture, and livestock raising. The numerous books he wrote cover a broad range of topics like history, literature, China’s foreign relations, or agricultural science. His agricultural books include the Can jing 蠶經, “Silkworm Classic,” the Yu jing 魚經, “Fish Classic,” and the → Shou jing 獸經. LSZ lists the last work in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Huang shi 黃氏, “Mr. Huang”  [1] In the BCGM bibliography this is LSZ’s designation for Huang Jizhi 黃 濟之 (fl. 2nd half of the 15th century), a Ming 明 dynasty physician and author of the → Ben cao quan du 本草權度. Style name Shiren 世仁, a man of Yu yao 余姚 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江.  [1] In Huang shi yun hui 黃氏韻會, “Mr. Huang’s Collection of Rhymes,” this is → Huang Gongshao 黃公紹.

 [1] In SE e 鶚, LSZ refers to a Mr. Huang who mistook a fish hawk (ju jiu 雎鳩) for a cuckoo (du juan 杜鵑). Searching for a person proposing this interpretation we find the Song 宋 author Qian Wenzi 錢文子 in his Shi xun gu 詩 訓詁, “Exegesis of the Shi jing,” (AN Qian shi xun gu 錢氏訓詁, “Exegesis of Mr. Qian”), so possibly LSZ’s Huang shi is an error for Qian shi 錢氏, “Mr. Qian.” Huang shi mu 黃氏母, “Mr. Huang’s Mother” [1] Eastern Han 漢 person, said to have lived during the time of emperor → Ling di 靈帝. From Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu han 武漢 in Hu bei 湖北. Mother of a Mr. Huang 黃, her full name is unknown. In SE ren gui 人傀, LSZ cites a story from the → Xu Han shu 續漢書, which claims that she once took a bath and was transformed into a soft-shelled turtle. Huang shi yun hui 黃氏韻會 → Gu jin yun hui 古今韻會 Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅 (1045-1105) Northern Song 宋 poet, painter and calligrapher. Style name Luzhi 魯直, literary name Shangu daoren 山谷道人, “Daoist of the Mountain Valley.” A man of Fen ning 分寧 in Hong zhou 洪州, now Xiu shui 修水 in Jiang xi 江西. He passed the jin shi examinations during the zhi ping 治平 reign period (10641068) and held various court offices. Huang became a protégé of → Su Shi 蘇軾 and acquired a reputation second only to that of his mentor. The collection of his works, the Shangu ji 山谷集, “Collection of [Huang] Shangu,” is cited by LSZ as the → Huang Shangu ji 黃山谷集. LSZ also refers to a → Shangu dao bi 山谷

199 刀筆 and to a → Su Huang shou jian 蘇黃手簡 of his. LSZ refers to Huang as Huang Tingjian [1] and as Huang Shangu 黃山谷 [8]. Huang Tingxuan 黃廷宣 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official, District Magistrate (zhi xian 知縣) of Tai cang 太倉. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Geng ji bian 庚己編, he once investigated a case where someone had died after consuming a threelegged turtle sometime between 1510 and 1519. LSZ cites this in SE neng bie 能鱉. Huang Xiu 黃秀 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty person, a man of Gao ping 高平 in present-day Shan xi 山西. According to the → Yi yuan 異苑, he retreated into the mountains, and eventually transformed into a bear during the yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424453). LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Huang Xiufu 黃休复 [1] Northern Song 宋 person, fl. early 11th century. Style name Guiben 歸本. A man of Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu han 武漢 in Hu bei 湖北. Author of the → Mao ting ke hua 茆亭客話. Huang ye lun 黃冶論, “discourse on Smelting Gold” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty essay. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Li Deyu 李德裕. This is not a separate book but a part of Li’s Hui chang yi pin ji 會昌一品 集, “Collection of a Rank-One-Official of the Hui chang Reign Period.” The essay was also cited in the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, from which LSZ took his material. He refers to it in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Huang Zhen 黃震 (1213-1280) [2] Southern Song 宋 thinker. Style name Dongfa 東發, a man of Ci xi 慈溪 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. He passed the jin shi examinations during the bao you 寳祐 reign period (1253-1258) and held various court offices. After the collapse of the Song he went to live as a recluse on Mount Bao zhuang 寶幢 and starved himself to death. He was the author of the Dong fa ri chao 東發日鈔, “Daily Notes Taken in the East,” the Huang shi ri chao 黃氏日抄, “Daily Notes of Mr. Huang,” (→ Ci xi ri chao 慈溪日鈔) and other books. Huang Zhen ri chao 黃震日抄 → Ci xi ri chao 慈溪日鈔 Huangfu Jing 皇甫敬 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎, he composed a song on a longevity elixir. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 术. Huangfu Long 皇甫隆 Official of the state of Wei 魏 during the early Three Kingdoms period. A man of An ding 安定, now in the southeast of Zhen yuan 鎮原 in Gan su 甘肅, served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Dun huang 敦煌. Legend has it that he obtained pills with fireflies from the Qingniu daoshi 青牛道士, “Daoist Master of the Black Ox” (→ Feng Junda 封君達) and eventually passed them on to the emperor → Wei Wu di 魏武帝. LSZ refers to him as Huangfu Long [1] and Long 隆 [1].

200 Huangfu Mi 皇甫謐 (215-282) Scholar and physician of the Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 period. Style name Shi’an 士 安, literary name Xuanyan xiansheng 玄晏先生, “Gentleman of Profundity and Calmness.” A man of Chao na 朝那 in An ding 安定, also called Ling tai 靈臺, an area located northwest of Ping liang 平涼 in Gan su 甘肅. He is said to have been afflicted with “wind blockage-illness” (feng bi 風痹) and to have acquired medical skills to treat himself. He was the author of the lost → Di wang shi ji 帝 王世紀 but is mainly known for his Huang di san bu zhen jing 黃帝三部針經, “The Yellow Thearch’s Needling Classic in Three Parts,” also called Zhen jiu jia yi jing 針灸甲乙經, “The A-B Classic of Needling and Burning,” or → Jia yi jing 甲乙經. Since he had experienced poisoning due to the ingestion of minerals personally, Huangfu Mi composed texts on that topic too. → Tao Hongjing 陶 弘景 cites his Jie san xiao shi da fan shuo 解散消石大凡説, “General Discussion on Melting Saltpeter,” and other writings in the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL). This material is also quoted by LSZ, who refers to Huangfu as Huangfu Mi [3] and as Huangfu Shi’an 皇甫士安 [4]. Huangfu Shi’an 皇甫士安 → Huangfu Mi 皇甫謐 Huanghua gong 黃華公 → Ruo Yuze 若於則 Huayang yinju 華陽隱居 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Hui bian 會編 → Ben cao hui bian 本草會編 Hui chen yu hua 揮塵餘話 → Hui zhu yu hua 揮麈餘話 Hui di 惠帝 → Jin Hui di 晉惠帝 Hui dian 會典 → Da Ming hui dian 大明會典 Hui fang 惠方→ Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 Hui ji fang 惠濟方, “recipes of Benevolent assistance” Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Jian xuan xiu zhen fang shu 簡選袖珍方書, “Book of Selected Recipes to Be Kept Up the Sleeve,” Xiu zhen fang da quan 袖珍方大全, “Great Compendium of Precious Recipes to Be Kept Up the Sleeve.” Written by → Wang Yongfu 王永輔. DC 1369. 8 juan. LSZ quotes the book as Hui ji fang [6] and as Ji shi fang 濟世方, “Recipes to Benefit the World,” [1] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Hui min he ji ju fang 惠民和劑局方 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 Hui san jiao lun 會三教論, “assembled discourses on the Three doctrines” [1] Lost book on life cultivation. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Written by → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. DC Tang 唐. 1 juan. Hui zhu lu 揮麈錄, “records of Those Waving the duster” [2] Early Southern Song 宋 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小 説). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Compiled by → Wang Mingqing 王明清. 20 juan, with material divided into four parts: the Qian lu 前錄, “Earlier Records,” the Hou lu 後錄,

201 “Later Records,” the San lu 三錄, “Three Records,” and the Yu hua 餘話, “Extra Talks,” (→ Hui zhu yu hua 揮麈餘話). The book records things like literary quotes from Song courts, the words and deeds of different people, etc. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but makes the Hui zhu lu and the Hui zhu yu hua it contains two separate works. He also mistakenly attributes the Hui zhu lu to → Wang Xingzhi 王性之. Thus, the material quoted in the main text as from the Hui zhu lu of Wang Xingzhi was actually taken from the Hui zhu yu hua of Wang Mingqing. Hui zhu yu hua 揮麈餘話, “Extra Talks of Those Waving the duster” Early Southern Song 宋 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記 小説). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Wang Mingqing 王明清. 2 juan. Part of the → Hui zhu lu 揮麈錄. The book records things like literary quotes from Song courts, the words and deeds of different people, etc. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Hui chen yu hua 揮塵餘話 [1], erroneously writing zhu 麈 as chen 塵. In the main text he cites the work as Yu hua 餘話, “Extra Talks,” [1]. Hui zong 徽宗 → Song Hui zong 宋徽宗 Hui’an yu lu 晦庵語錄, “records of Conversations with [Zhu] Hui’an” [1] Southern Song 宋 book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” The book is a collection of sayings of the philosopher Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子, literary name Hui’an 晦庵) as recorded by 32 of his disciples, compiled by Li Daozhuan 李道傳 in the Jiu jiang 九江 area. 46 juan. In addition to this book, there is another of the same name in 1 juan by Tong Boyu 童伯羽, but that title was changed during the Ming 明 dynasty to Yu xi shi zhuan lu 玉溪師傳錄, “Transmitted Records of the Teacher from Yu xi.” LSZ does not list any Hui’an yu lu in his bibliographical sections, but in his main text quotes material second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which labels that material Zhu Hui’an yu lu 朱晦菴語錄, “Records of Conversations with Zhu Hui’an.” It can therefore be assumed that LSZ never saw the original Hui’an yu lu. Huiji fo 穢跡佛 [2] Deity revered by the people of Song 宋 times. According to the → Lei bian 類 編, a man called Liang Hun 梁緄 (→ Liang Gun 梁混) once suffered from pain in his heart and spleen, and prayed to the god Huiji shen 穢跡神 for help. In response he was transmitted a recipe that cured him after taking only one dose. LSZ cites this story second hand in his main text but writes Huiji fo instead of Huiji shen. Hun huang zi 渾皇子, “Prince Hun” [2] Spring and Autumn period immortal. According to the → Zuo ci mi jue 左慈秘 訣, he was the inventor of an “elixir with apricot gold” (xing jin dan 杏金丹) used by → Xia ji 夏姬 to achieve longevity. LSZ cites this in SE xing 杏.

202 Huo fa ji yao 活法機要, “Crucial Points of the Laws of Life” [25] Clinical text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Li Gao 李杲. DC Yuan 元. 1 juan. The book is extremely similar to the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集 of → Liu Wansu 劉完 素, even though it lacks Liu’s general introduction and focuses on disease signs, treatment methods and drug application rather. LSZ mistakenly considers Huo fa ji yao and Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji two names for one and the same book and therefore frequently labels the Huo fa ji yao with the name Zhang Jiegu 張潔古 or Jiegu 潔古 for → Zhang Yuansu 張元素, to whom he wrongly attributes the Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji. Only once does he caption the Huo fa ji yao with Li’s literary name Dongyuan 東垣. Huo ren shu 活人書 → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書 Huo ren shu kuo 活人書括, “Summary of the Book for Saving People’s Lives” Lost Southern Song 宋 specialized book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷 寒). FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Compiled by → Li Zhixian 李知先. DC 1166. 3 juan (AV 4 juan). The book is based on the → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書 of → Zhu Gong 朱 肱. It sums up the latter book’s essential points, creating a text with mnemonic poems for each pathological condition. LSZ refers to the book as Huo ren shu kuo [1] in his bibliographical sections and by the name of the author Li Zhixian [1] in the main text. Huo ren xin tong 活人心統, “Core Compendium for Saving People’s Lives” Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive clinical text. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂 書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Wu Qiu 吳球. DC 1539. 4 juan. Juan 1 provides an overview of medicine and pharmaceutics consisting of 58 essays. The other 3 juan are divided into chapters on various diseases, each chapter containing a discourse on the disease itself as well as suitable treatment methods and pharmaceutical recipes. The material is closely modeled after the discussion in the → Yi xue zheng chuan 醫學正傳 of → Yu Tuan 虞摶. Before the Qing 清 dynasty, the Huo ren xin tong did not circulate very widely, but in spite of that LSZ quotes from it a great deal. He cites the book as Huo ren xin tong [19], as Wu shi xin tong 吳氏心統, “Core Compendium of Mr. Wu,” [1], and as Xin tong 心統, “Core Compendium,” [1]. He also refers to the author Wu Qiu without giving the name of a book, but, since LSZ also cites other books by Wu, this is not necessarily material from the Huo ren xin tong. Huo weng 霍翁 → Hao Yun 郝允 Huo you kou yi 活幼口議, “Verbalized Views on Saving Children’s Lives” Yuan 元 dynasty pediatric text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by Yanshan shengweng 演山省 翁, “Frugal Old Man of Yan shan,” (→ Yanshan 演山). Also attributed to → Zeng Shirong 曾世榮, but the original text gives no indication whatsoever that the book was written by Zeng. 20 juan. The latest book cited in the Huo you kou yi is the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 (DC 1150), and material from the Huo you

203 kou yi is first cited in the → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方 (DC 1316), so the text can be dated to the Yuan dynasty. The contents mainly focus on pediatric theory but also discuss the differentiation and treatment of disease signs. LSZ cites the book as Huo you kou yi [12] or using the author’s name Yanshan shi 演山氏, “Mr. Yanshan,” [1]. Huo you quan shu 活幼全書, “Complete Book on Saving Children’s Lives” [10] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Compiled by Qian Dayong 錢大用 and revised by Wu Zhiyin 吳志尹. Printed 1495. Qian collected what he considered to be effective and special recipes from existing material and then asked Wu to write a preface. Wu then revised the material, selecting the best recipes and improving its organization. LSZ cites the book in his main text and bibliographical sections, but does not give the author’s name there. He does refer once to a Huo you quan shu of → Zeng Shirong 曾世榮, but this material is actually from Zeng’s → Huo you xin shu 活幼心書. Since none of the other material labeled Huo you quan shu has any connection to the Huo you xin shu, the reference to a Huo you quan shu of Zeng Shirong is most probably a slip of the pen. Huo you xin shu 活幼心書, “Core Book on Saving Children’s Lives” Yuan 元 dynasty pediatric text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Zeng Shirong 曾世榮. DC 1294. 3 juan. Of the text, juan 1 is comprised of 75 poems about how to determine disease signs in children, juan 2 discusses causes for disease, and juan 3 consists of collected recipes considered effective by the author and instructions for the preparation of patent medicines. LSZ cites the book as Huo you xin shu [4], as Zeng shi xiao er fang 曾氏小兒方, “Mr. Zeng’s Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” [1], as Zeng shi fang 曾氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Zeng,” [1], and using the author’s name as Zeng Shirong [1]. Additionally, there is an erroneous reference to a → Huo you quan shu 活幼全書 [1] of Zeng Shirong but the material quoted was actually taken from the Huo you xin shu as well, and quan shu 全書 seems to be a slip of the pen for xin shu 心書. Material quoted from a → Huo you xin shu 活幼新書 originates from the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 and not this text. Huo you xin shu 活幼新書, “New Book on Saving Children’s Lives” [1] Erroneous name for the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections, and the recipe he cites from it in SE ji 雞 is taken from the You you xin shu. Huo zhi zhuan 貨殖傳 → Shi ji 史記 Huqing 虎卿 → Cheng Huqing 程虎卿

204

-JJi 機 → Wang Ji 汪機 Ji 輯 → Hong Ji 洪輯 Ji cheng 集成 → Yi xue ji cheng 醫學集成 Ji cheng fang 集成方 → Yi xue ji cheng 醫學集成 Ji de fang 積德方 → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方 Ji de tang fang 積德堂方 → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方 Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes from the Hall of accumulated Virtue” Ming 明 dynasty book of medical recipes. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by an unidentifiable → Lu shi 陸氏 . DC and size uncertain. LSZ lists the book as Ji de tang jing yan fang [1] in his bibliographical sections but in the main text cites it as Ji de tang fang 積德堂方, “Recipes from the Hall of Accumulated Virtue,” [23], as Ji de fang 積德方, “Recipes from [the Hall of ] Accumulated Virtue,” [1], or as Lu shi jing yan fang 陸氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Lu,” [1]. Ji fa 祭法, “Methods of Sacrifice” [2] Lost Eastern Jin 晉 book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN originally Za ji fa 雜祭法, “Miscellaneous Methods of Sacrifice.” Written by → Lu Chen 盧諶. 6 juan. The book describes sacrificial ceremonies and cultic paraphernalia. Fragments are found in the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, probably taking his material from the Chu xue ji or the Tai ping yu lan. Ji fang 急方 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 Ji feng bei ji fang 雞峰備急方, “recipes for Emergencies from Ji feng” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Compiled by → Zhang Rui 張銳. DC 1133. 1 juan. The text consists of single ingredient recipes only. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites recipes from it in the main text. He refers to it as Ji feng bei ji fang [2] and as Ji feng bei ji liang fang 雞峰備急良方, “Good Recipes for Emergencies from Ji feng,” [1]. There are also 13 general references to a → Bei ji fang 備急方, but this designation mostly refers to other books. Ji feng bei ji liang fang 雞峰備急良方 → Ji feng bei ji fang 雞峰備急方 Ji Han 嵇含 (263-306) Western Jin 晉 general and official. Style name Jundao 君道, a man of Zhi 銍 in the southwest of present-day Su xian 宿縣 in An hui 安徽. Because he once lived at Bo qiu 亳丘 in Gong xian 鞏縣, now part of He nan 河南, he received the literary name Boqiu zi 亳丘子, “Master of Bo qiu.” Ji held various military

205 and local offices, including that of Regional Inspector (ci shi 刺史) of Guang zhou 廣州. He drew upon his local knowledge to compile a work on regional plants, the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, the first work of its kind. LSZ refers to Ji as Ji Han [30] and as Ji shi 嵇氏, “Mr. Ji,” [2]. Ji Huan zi 季桓子, “Master Ji Huan” (died 492) [1] Spring and Autumn period Grand Master (da fu 大夫) from the state of Lu 魯. Also called Ji Sunsi (AV Jisun Si) 季孫斯, Huan was his posthumous name. The → Guo yu 國語, section Lu yu 魯語, “Talks from Lu,” records the story of Ji Huan zi who once dug a well and discovered a “spirit goat/sheep” (fen yang 羵 羊). LSZ cites this anecdote in the SE fen yang 羵羊. Ji ji 濟急 → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方 Ji ji fang 濟急方 → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方 Ji ji liang fang 濟急良方, “Good recipes for aid in Emergencies” [1] Medical recipe book. Not recorded in any bibliographical source, and only the BCGM cites a fragment in SE hu ma 胡麻. The recipe cited is taken from the Xian chuan wai ke mi fang 仙傳外科秘方, “Secret Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments], Transmitted by Immortals,” preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏 經), so Ji ji liang fang must be an erroneous designation for the → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方. Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方, “Immortals’ recipes for aid in Emergencies” Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed by LSZ to → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真, but possibly not by him. It is one of nine texts in the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂 compiled by → Shao Yizheng 邵以正. Eight of the Qing nang za zuan texts are attributed to Zhao Yizhen or → Liu Changchun 劉長春, but there is no author given for the Ji ji xian fang. In addition, all the recipes LSZ cites from this work are also found in the Xian chuan wai ke mi fang 仙傳外科秘方, “Secret Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments], Transmitted by Immortals” attributed to Zhao Yizhen that constitutes part of the → Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳 preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). LSZ cites the work as Ji ji xian fang [11], as Ji ji fang 濟急方, “Recipes for Aid in Emergencies,” [34], as Ji ji 濟急, “Aid in Emergencies,” [1], as Zhao zhenren fang 趙真人方, “Recipes of Zhao the Perfected One,” [1], and as Zhao shi fang 趙氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Zhao,” [1]. LSZ apparently got rather mixed up with his Ji ji fang quotations, referring them to Zhao Yizhen, Zhao Yuan yang 趙原陽, “Zhao of Yuan yang,” Zhao Yuanyang zhenren 趙原陽真人, “Zhao the Perfected One of Yuan yang,” and Zhao zhenren 趙真人, “Zhao the Perfected One,” but also assigning them to Liu Changchun or, completely incorrectly, to Shao Yizheng or Shao zhenren 邵真人, “Shao the Perfected One.” One reference to a → Ji ji liang fang 濟急良方 is also to this work. Ji jian 集簡 → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 Ji jian fang 集簡方 → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方

206 Ji jiu fang 急救方 → Ji jiu liang fang 急救良方 Ji jiu liang fang 急救良方, “Good recipes for Emergency rescue” Ming 明 dynasty collection of recipes. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by Zhang Shiche 張時徹 (→ She sheng zhong miao fang 攝生衆妙方). DC 1550. 2 juan. The text presents simple and convenient folk remedies organized into 39 disease categories. It was intended for emergency use in out-of-the-way places by those not having a deep understanding of medicine. LSZ cites the book as Ji jiu liang fang [4] without indicating an author in his bibliographical sections. He also cites the book as Ji jiu fang 急救 方, “Recipes for Emergency Rescue,” [5], probably erroneously as → Jiu ji liang fang 救急良方 [7], or as Jiu ji fang 救急方, “Recipes for Rescue in Emergencies.” This confuses the book with other texts of the title → Jiu ji fang 救急方, cited in the BCGM from the → ZLBC and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. Ji jiu pian 急就篇 → Ji jiu zhang 急就章 Ji jiu zhang 急就章, “Essays for Swift accomplishment” Western Han 漢 lexicographical text. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” AN there Ji jiu yi pian 急就一 篇, “One Text for Swift Accomplishment,” in the Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍 志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” Jiu ji zhang, also Ji jiu pian 急就篇, “Texts for Swift Accomplishment.” Written by → Shi You 史游. The title derives from the two characters ji 急 and jiu 就 in the first sentence of the book. The Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study,” explains that this relates to the fact that when encountering difficulties in understanding a character, one might swiftly seek it in the Ji jiu zhang and accomplish an understanding easily. The work currently survives as 34 essays (zhang 章) on subjects like names, utensils, clothing, etc. It is composed of rhymed phrases in sentences of three, four, or seven characters each, and there is no duplication of entries. This made the book suitable for instructional purposes. The book was rather popular before Tang 唐 times. LSZ cites the book as Ji jiu zhang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, where he also refers to it as Ji jiu pian [1]. Ji Kang 嵇康 (223-262) Thinker, literatus, and musician from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Shuye 叔夜, a man of Zhi 銍 in Qiao jun 譙郡, now in the southwest of Su xian 宿縣 in An hui 安徽. He held a court appointment as Grand Master of Palace Leisure (zhong san dai fu 中散大夫) and was therefore called Ji Zhongsan 嵇中散. An advocate of the teachings of → Lao zi 老子  and → Zhuang zi 莊子 , his main interest lay in methods for nurturing life (yang sheng 養生). His scattered writings were collected in the Ji Zhongsan ji 嵇 中散集, “Collection of Ji Zhongsan.” LSZ refers to his → Yang sheng lun 養生 論, referring to Ji as Ji Kang [6] and, writing his name incorrectly, as Ji Kang 稽 康 [2]. Ji Kang 稽康 → Ji Kang 嵇康

207 Ji liao fang 集療方, “recipes for Collected Treatments” [1] Medical recipe book. Not listed in known bibliographical sources. LSZ assigns a recipe to a book of that name in his main text. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 juan 249, however, refers the same material to the Zhou hou fang 肘後方, “Recipes to be Kept Close at Hand” (→ Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方), so LSZ’s reference to a Ji liao fang in SE wu jing 蕪菁 is probably an error. Ji ling 集靈 → Ji ling fang 集靈方 Ji ling fang 集靈方, “Collected Numinous recipes” Medical recipe book. Not included in any bibliographical source. DC and authorship uncertain. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites various recipes in the main text, referring to the text as Ji ling fang [3] and Ji ling 集靈, “Collected Numinosities,” [2]. Ji nu 寄奴 → Liu Yu 劉裕 Ji Peng 紀朋 Famous physician of the Tang 唐 dynasty. Lived during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-740). The → Ming huang za lu 明皇雜錄 records a medical case history of his, and LSZ takes this over in SE yun mu 雲母, referring to Ji as Ji Peng [1] and Peng 朋 [1]. Ji Qing 季卿 → Li Qing 李卿 Ji shan tang fang 積善堂方 → Ji shan tang jing yan fang 積善堂經驗方 Ji shan tang jing yan fang 積善堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes from the Hall of accumulated Charity” Ming 明 dynasty book of medical recipes. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Wan Biao 萬表. AN Wan shi ji shan tang ji yan fang 萬氏積善堂集 驗方, “Mr. Wan’s Collected and Proven Recipes from the Hall of Accumulated Charity,” Wan shi jia chao ji shi liang fang 萬氏家抄濟世良方, “Good Recipes to Benefit the World, Recorded by Mr. Wan’s Family,” etc. DC c. 1536. 3 juan (AV 2 juan). The text contains various supplementing patent formulas and a few single ingredient recipes. LSZ cites the book as Ji shan tang jing yan fang [2], as Ji shan tang fang 積善堂方, “Recipes from the Hall of Accumulated Charity,” [11], as Wan shi ji shan tang 萬氏積善堂, “Mr. Wan’s [Recipes] from the Hall of Accumulated Charity,” [1], as Wan shi fang 萬氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Wan,” [1], or simply referring to the author as Wan shi 萬氏, “Mr. Wan,” [1]. Ji Shao 嵇紹 (253-304) [1] Jin 晉 dynasty high official. Style name Yanzu 延祖, a man of Zhi 铚 in Qiao guo 譙國, in the southwest of present-day Su xian 宿縣 in An hui 安徽. He held various high offices and died when he shielded his superior with his body in battle. He has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書. According to the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, Ji Shao once suffered from a cold illness in his chest and was cured by ingesting wei rui 萎蕤.

208 Ji shen lu 稽神錄, “records of Examining Spirits” [5] Partially surviving collection of miraculous stories from the end of the Five Dynasties period or early Song 宋. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Xu Xuan 徐鉉, who apparently drew heavily upon work by his guest Kuai Liang 蒯亮. DC 955. 10 juan originally, 6 juan extant. The book is devoted to supernatural things. The → ZLBC quotes two fragments. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and in the main text takes over the ZLBC fragments in addition to two other quotations. Ji sheng 濟生 → Ji sheng fang 濟生方 Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方, “recipes from the Collectanea to Benefit Life” [2] Yuan 元 dynasty collection of medical works. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Ji sheng ba cui 濟生拔萃, “Collectanea to Benefit Life.” Compiled by → Du Sijing 杜思敬. DC 1315. 19 juan. The book is a collection of 19 medical texts from the Jin 金 and Yuan periods, namely the 1) Zhen jing jie yao 針經節要, “Brief Essentials of Needling the Conduits,” the 2) Yunqi zi lun jing luo ying sui bu xie fa 雲岐子論經絡迎隨補瀉法, “Master Yunqi Discusses Directional Supplementing and Draining Methods for [the Treatment of ] Conduits and Network Vessels,” the 3) Dou tai shi liu zhu zhi yao fu 竇 太師流注指要賦, “Rhapsody by Teacher Dou about the Essential Points [for the Treatment] of Influx,” the 4) Zhen jing zhai ying ji 針經摘英集, “Collection Selecting the Quintessence from the Needling Classics,” the 5) Yunqi zi qi biao ba li jiu dao mai jue lun bing zhi fa 雲岐子七表八裏九道脈訣論并治法, “Master Yunqi’s Treatment Methods and Discourses on the Rhymed Instructions on the [Movements in the] Vessels, the Seven Externals, the Eight Internals, and the Nine Pathways,” the 6) Jiegu laoren zhen zhu nang 潔古老人珍珠囊, “The Pearl Bag of Old Man Jiegu,” (→ Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊), the 7) → Yi xue fa ming 醫學發明, the 8) → Pi wei lun 脾胃論, the 9) → Jiegu jia zhen 潔古 家珍, the 10) → Ci shi nan zhi 此事難知, the 11) → Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎, the 12) → Yin zheng lüe li 陰證略例, the 13) Yunqi zi bao ming ji lun lei yao 雲岐 子保命集論類要, “Master Yunqi’s Categorized Essentials of Discourses on the Collection of [Writings on] Preserving Life,” the 14) → Ban lun cui ying 癍論萃 英, the 15) Tian shi bao ying ji 田氏保嬰集, “Mr. Tian’s Collection for Protecting Infants,” the 16) → Lan shi mi cang 蘭室秘藏, the 17) → Huo fa ji yao 活法機要, the 18) → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒, and the 19) Za lei ming fang 雜類名方, “Miscellaneous Famous Recipes.” This last work was by Du Sijing himself. LSZ lists the collection in his bibliographical sections and frequently quotes from the individual books it contains, referring to it as Ji sheng ba cui fang [2] and Ba cui fang 拔萃方, “Recipes from the Collectanea,” [5]. Ji sheng fang 濟生方, “recipes to Benefit Life” Southern Song 宋 clinical text. FE Gu jin yi tong da quan 古今醫統大全, “Great Compendium of Old and New Medicine.” Written by → Yan Yonghe 嚴用和. DC 1253. 10 juan (AV 7 juan). The book is divided into disease categories like in-

209 ternal medicine, gynecology, or pediatrics, each category made up of various subsections on different diseases, starting with an essay, which is followed by associated recipes. Altogether, the text contains 80 essays and 400 recipes. In addition, Yan Yonghe wrote a Ji sheng xu fang 濟生續方, “Sequel to the Recipes to Benefit Life,” in 8 juan with additional recipes. LSZ quotes the work as Ji sheng fang [58], as Ji sheng 濟生, “To Benefit Life,” [17], or referring to the author’s name alone as Yan Yonghe [1] or as Yan shi 嚴氏, “Mr. Yan,” [1]. Ji sheng fu 稽聖賦, “rhapsody Examining the Sagely” [1] Northern Qi 齊 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Yan Zhitui 顔之推. DC 2nd half of the 6th century. 1 juan. The book touches upon names and descriptions of many things. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 and the → Pi ya 埤雅. LSZ cites one fragment second hand from the Pi ya in SE gan jiao 甘蕉. Ji sheng mi lan 濟生秘覽, “Secret Overview to Benefit Life” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Details are unavailable. Judging by LSZ’s citations, the text included a wide variety of recipes, many of them simple and convenient. LSZ cites the text as Ji sheng mi lan [10] and also cites a Mi lan 秘覽, “Secret Overview,” [1]. This abbreviation, however, might also refer to the → Jin nang mi lan 錦囊秘覽. Since both texts are now lost, it is impossible to say which book the quotation is from. Ji shi 嵇氏 → Ji Han 嵇含 Ji shi 記事 → Ji shi zhu 記事珠 Ji shi fang 濟世方 → Hui ji fang 惠濟方 Ji shi yuan hai 集事淵海, “deep Ocean of Collected Events” [1] Anonymous Ming 明 dynasty encyclopedia. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Qun shu ji shi yuan hai 群書集事淵海, “Deep Ocean of a Multitude of Books and Collected Events.” DC early Ming. The Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “Hundred Streams Bibliography,” incorrectly dates the work to the hong zhi 弘治 reign period (14881505). 47 juan. The book records and categorizes events from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods down to the Yuan 元 dynasty. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Whether he used it for second hand citations of other texts remains uncertain. Ji shi zhu 記事珠, “Pearls of recorded Things” Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Compiled by Liu Guohan 劉國翰. Printed 1536. 10 juan (AV 14 juan). The book records the names and associated material of various types of things. LSZ does not list it in his bibliographical sections but cites it frequently in the main text as Ji shi zhu [8] and Ji shi 記事, “Record of Things,” [1] without indicating an author.

210 Ji wen 紀聞, “records of Things Heard” [1] Title of a book. Not listed in known bibliographical sources. LSZ cites a fragment on the peacock from a Ji wen in his main text. The earliest source of this material is the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, juan 461, which gives a Ji wen as its source as well. This data was later reproduced in the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類 聚 and other texts. LSZ also adds a sentence from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平 御覽 into the Tai ping guang ji material, so the source of his citation in SE kong que 孔雀 remains uncertain. Ji xiao 集效 → Ji xiao fang 集效方  Ji xiao fang 集效方, “Collected Efficacious recipes”  Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Written by → Cheng Xian 乘閒. 1 juan. The ZLBC lists the work in its bibliographical sections and preserves three fragments, quoting two as Ji xiao fang (SE lang du 狼毒 and SE tian nan xing 天南星) and one as Cheng Xian fang 乘閒方, “Recipes of Cheng Xian,” (SE zhi zhu 蜘蛛). LSZ takes over all these citations in his bibliographical sections and the main text, citing the work as Ji xiao fang [2] and as Cheng Xian fang [1], but fails to identify the material on “yang-returning powder” (hui yang san 回陽散) in SE tian nan xing as from the Ji xiao fang.  Northern Song 宋 pediatric text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Yan Xiaozhong 閻孝忠. AN present edition Yan shi xiao er fang lun 閻氏小兒 方論, “Mr. Yan’s Recipes and Discourses on [the Treatment of ] Children.” DC 1119. 1 juan. The work was originally an appendix to the author’s revision of the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒藥證直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” (→ Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣) of → Qian Yi 錢乙, to which he added substantial material on disease signs not covered in detail by Qian Yi. LSZ cites the work as Ji xiao fang [6] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and also labels material simply with the author’s name Yan Xiaozhong [4].

 Late Ming 明 medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. This is LSZ’s name for the Sanfeng Zhang zhenren shen su wan ying fang 三丰張真人神 速萬應方, “Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One’s Recipes of Divine Swiftness and Ten Thousand Responses” (FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories”). Compiled by → Sun Tianren 孫天仁 but containing material by other authors as well. DC 15th or 16th century. 4 juan. The end of juan 3 in the Sanfeng Zhang zhenren shen su wan ying fang is marked as juan 3 of a Sun shi ji xiao fang 孫氏集效方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Sun,” thus we know that these two titles actually refer to the same book. Only juan 3 and 4 are comprised of recipes collected by Sun himself, while juan 1 contains the Zhang Sanfeng zhenren xian fang 張三丰真人仙方, “Immortals’ Recipes of Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One,” (→ Xian chuan fang 仙傳方 ) of → Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰, and juan 2 reproduces various texts on harm caused

211 by cold (shang han 傷寒), including one by the Yuan 元 dynasty writer Du Ben 杜本. LSZ cites the text as Ji xiao fang [57], mostly clarifying his source by adding the author’s name, i.e., Sun Tianren [17], Sun shi 孫氏, “Mr. Sun,” [44], Sun Tanxuan 孫探玄 [1], and erroneously as Sun zhenren 孫真人, “Sun the Perfected One,” [1]. He also cites the work as Ji xiao 集效, “Collected Efficacious [Recipes],” [3] and as Ji xiao liang fang 集效良方, “Collected Efficacious and Good Recipes,” [1]. Ji xiao fang 既效方, “Completely Efficacious recipes” Lost Song 宋 dynasty medical recipe book. EE → Zi sheng jing 資生經. Written by → Wang Zhizhong 王執中. DC 2nd half of the 12th century. The book is not mentioned in any bibliographical source but is quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟 方 and other texts. LSZ cites a medical case history second hand from the Zi sheng jing in SE wang bu liu xing 王不留行. Ji xiao liang fang 集效良方 → Ji xiao fang 集效方  Ji xuan fang 集玄方, “Collected Profound recipes” [45] Medical recipe book. EE BCGM. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections, and there is no indication of an author or a date of compilation. None of the standard bibliographies lists any book of this name, and the title is cited nowhere else. The recipes quoted as from a Ji xuan fang might therefore be from a work of folk literature. Ji yan 集驗 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  Ji yan fang 集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes” Name of various medical recipe books.  FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Yao Sengyuan 姚僧垣 (mistakenly referred to as Yao Sengtan 姚僧坦 by LSZ) of the Northern Zhou 周 dynasty. DC ca. 6th century. 10 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → ZLBC, and the Japanese Ishimpō 醫心方, “Medical Core Recipes.” LSZ quotes the work second hand from the ZLBC, referring to the book as Ji yan fang [60], as Ji yan 集驗, “Collected and Proven,” [19], as Ji yan fang lun 集驗方論, “Discourse on Collected and Proven Recipes,” [1], as Yao Sengtan fang 姚僧坦方, “Recipes of Yao Sengtan,” [6], as Yao dai fu fang 姚大夫 方, “Recipes of Grand Master Yao,” [1], or simply referring to the author as Yao Sengtan 姚僧坦 [24] or Yao shi 姚氏, “Mr. Yao,” [3]. One recipe erroneously cited from a → Shen xiao fang 神效方 is taken from this text as well.  [1] Medical book or recipe. EE → TJBC. Attributed to Tao Yinju 陶隱居 (→ Tao Hongjing 陶弘景). Tao Hongjing wrote a Xiao yan fang 效驗方, “Effective and Proven Recipes,” which is now lost, but there are no references in the standard bibliographies to any Ji yan fang by Tao. LSZ cites a fragment second hand from the TJBC. This passage is also found in juan 40 of the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, where there is simply a citation of a “collected and proven” (ji yan 集驗) recipe for the treatment of scorpion stings with reference to the → Zhou

212 hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 of → Ge Hong 葛洪. It is thus uncertain if there was ever a specific book of the name Ji yan fang by Tao or if this is just a reference to a single recipe. This is also the case for the → De xiao fang 得效方  referred to Tao Yinju.

 In → Mei shi ji yan fang 梅師集驗方, this is the Mei shi fang 梅師方, “Recipes of Master Mei,” by a → Mei shi 梅師 of uncertain identity.  → Sun shi ji yan fang 孫氏集驗方

 [11] Abbreviation for the → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方

 Abbreviation for the Lei bian Zhu shi ji yan yi fang 類編朱氏集驗醫方, “Categorized Compilation of the Collected and Proven Medical Recipes of Mr. Zhu.” EE Yi xue yuan liu 醫學源流, “Origins and Further Course of Medical Studies,” of → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立. Written by Zhu Zuo 朱佐 (→ Zhu shi 朱 氏) but incorrectly attributed to → Zhu Duanzhang 朱端章 by LSZ. DC 1265. 15 juan. The text is divided into chapters according to disease and contains nearly 900 recipes. The book survives but did not circulate widely in imperial times. It is frequently quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, from which LSZ gets his citations. LSZ was apparently uncertain about the authorship, citing the work as Ji yan fang [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and wrongly referring it to Zhu Duanzhang. In the main text he refers only to Zhu shi 朱氏, “Mr. Zhu,” citing the work as Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” [30], as Zhu shi ji yan 朱氏集驗, “Collected and Proven by Mr. Zhu,” [6], as Zhu shi jing yan fang 朱氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” [1], and as Zhu shi fang 朱氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” [3].

 [1] Referred to → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮, this is an abbreviation for the → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方. Ji yan fang lun 集驗方論 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  Ji yao 即要 → Jie yao 節要 Ji yao 集要, “Collected Essentials”  [3] → Ben cao ji yao 本草集要  [16] → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 Ji yao fang 集要方, “Collected Essential recipes”  [2] This is the Fang shi ji yao fang 方氏集要方, “Collected Essential Recipes of Mr. Fang,” a medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN extant edition Fang shi bian lei jia cang ji yao fang 方氏編類家藏集要方, “Collected Essential Recipes Preserved in the Family, Categorized and Edited by Mr. Fang.” Compiled by Fang Dao 方導 (→ Fang Yiwu 方夷吾), published by → Chen Rihua 陳日華. DC Southern Song 宋, printed 1198. 2 juan. The book’s contents are arranged according to disease, each with a list of famous and proven recipes. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites the text second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 in SE niu xi 牛膝.

213  [2] → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要

 [1] → Ben cao ji yao 本草集要 Ji yao shi 集要詩 → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 Ji yao zhu fang 集要諸方 → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 Ji yi ji 集異記, “records Collecting the Extraordinary” [3] Tang 唐 dynasty collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Xue Yongruo 薛用弱. 3 juan (AV 1 juan, 2 juan). The text contains miraculous stories from the Sui 隋 and Tang periods. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Ji yin fang 濟陰方 → Hu shi ji yin fang 胡氏濟陰方 Ji yuanliang 集元亮 → Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮 Ji Yue ji 冀越集, “Collection from Ji and yue” [8] This is LSZ’s name for the Yuan 元 dynasty travelogue Ji Yue ji ji 冀越集記, “Collected Records from Ji and Yue.” FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Xiong Taigu 熊太古. DC 1355. 2 juan. The work describes things seen and heard during the author’s travels to the north and south, thus its name. Ji yun 集韻, “Collected rhymes” [3] Song 宋 dynasty book of rhymes. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Revised by → Ding Du 丁度 and others at imperial order. 10 juan. The book contains 53.525 characters and represents an expansion of the → Guang yun 廣韻. It analyzes structure and meanings of characters, and is therefore an important text for lexicographical studies and the investigation of Song dynasty language. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Ji zhong fang 濟衆方 → Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方 Ji zhong Zhou shu 汲冢周書 → Yi Zhou shu 逸周書 Ji zhong zhu shu 汲冢竹書, “The Bamboo Books from the Tomb at Ji” [1] Ancient chronicle. AN Ji zhong shu 汲冢書, “The Books from the Tomb at Ji.” According to the → Jin shu 晉書, this was part of several cartloads of books consisting of bamboo slips recovered in 281 CE from the ancient tomb of King Xiang 襄 of the state of Wei 魏, who had ruled nearly 600 years earlier. Out of 75 juan, 13 chapters contained the Zhu shu ji nian 竹書紀年, “Bamboo Annals,” a chronicle extending in time from the mythical reign of the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ) down to 299 BCE, that is, covering the Xia 夏, Shang 商, and Zhou 周 Dynasties. The original bamboo slips were lost, but an edited and annotated version survives. LSZ lists the text in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Jia 甲 → Zhang Jia 張甲 Jia bao fang 家寶方 → Wei sheng jia bao fang 衛生家寶方

214 Jia cang fang 家藏方 → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 Jia cang jing yan fang 家藏經驗方 → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 Jia Cheng 賈誠 Song 宋 dynasty figure, a man of Sui zhou 遂州 now Sui ning 遂寧 in Si chuan 四川. Jin shi during the Song dynasty, further details are unavailable. LSZ lists a man called Jia Cheng as the author of the → Ma jing 馬經, but whether or not this is the same man remains uncertain. Jia cheng xiang 賈丞相 → Jia Sidao 賈似道 Jia chuan mi bao fang 家傳秘寶方 → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方 Jia Fangbo 賈方伯 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, fl. during the reign of Emperor → Xian zong 憲宗 (r. 806-820). A man of Chang le 長樂 in present-day Fu jian 福建. According to the → TJBC, → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 suffered from a “pin-illness sore” (ding chuang 疔瘡) in 816 but was cured by a recipe with the hearts of dung beetles that was given to him by Jia Fangbo. LSZ cites this in SE qiang lang 蜣螂. Jia hou 賈后, “Empress Jia” (257-300) [1] This is Jia Nanfeng 賈南風, wife of Emperor Hui 惠 of Eastern Jin 晉. She is said to have been ruthless and tyrannical and apparently liked to interfere with politics. Eventually she ingested wine with gold and died. LSZ uses this story as a proof for the toxicity of unprocessed gold in SE jin 金. Jia Sidao 賈似道 (1213-1275) Southern Song 宋 high official. Style name Shixian 師憲, a man of Tian tai 天 台 in Tai zhou 台州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He was the younger brother of Jia gui fei 賈貴妃, “First-ranking Concubine Jia,” the main concubine of Emperor Li zong 理宗. In 1249 he received a major regional appointment and then took up various high court offices. Very influential at the time, his policies and monopoloy of authority are assumed to have damaged the country, thus the → Song shi 宋史 classifies him as a treacherous official (jian chen 奸臣). He was the author of the → Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨鈔 cited by LSZ, who also recounts a story about Jia attempting suicide by taking borneol (long nao 龍腦). LSZ refers to Jia as Jia Sidao [5] and Jia cheng xiang 賈丞相, “Grand Councilor Jia,” [1]. Jia Sixie 賈思勰 [13] Toba Wei 魏 expert in agriculture, fl. 6th century. A man of Yi du 益都 in Qi jun 齊郡, now in the south of Shou guang 壽光 in Shan dong 山東. Jia held office as governor (tai shou 太守) of Gao yang 高陽 prefecture in present-day He bei 河 北 and possessed wide knowledge of farming and agriculture. He was the author of the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, quoted extensively by LSZ. Jia Sixie yao shu 賈思勰要術 → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術 Jia Wei gong 賈魏公 → Jia xiang gong 賈相公 Jia xiang gong 賈相公, “Minister duke Jia” This is Jia Dan 賈耽 (730-805), a Tang 唐 dynasty high official and geographer. Style name Dunshi 敦詩, a man of Nan pi 南皮 in Can zhou 滄州, now part of

215 He bei 河北. Being responsible as an official for the tribute trade with foreign peoples, Jia gained wide geographical knowledge. He rose to the post of Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) and was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Wei (Wei guo gong 魏國公). Jia has a biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). He wrote various books on geography as well as one medical book, the Bei ji dan fang 備急單方, “Single Substance Recipes for Emergencies,” and one veterinary book, the → Niu jing 牛經. The → ZLBC refers the latter book to Jia xiang gong [2], and LSZ takes over this designation. He also refers to Jia as Jia Wei gong 賈魏公, “Duke Jia of Wei,” [1] in SE ren shi 人虱, citing a story second hand that goes back to the Tang dynasty Hui chang jie yi lu 會昌解頤錄, “Records from Hui chang to Make [People] Smile.” Jia yi 賈誼 (c. 200 to 168 BCE) [6] Western Han 漢 political expert and literary scholar. Sometimes called Jia Sheng 賈生, a man of Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南. Jia held various high court posts before he was pushed aside and demoted to serve as the Grand Erudite (tai bo 太博) of the prince of Chang sha 長沙. He was the author of grievous poems like a Li sao fu 離騷賦, “Rhapsody on the Li sao,” and a Fu niao fu 鵩鳥 賦, “Rhapsody on the Fu-Bird,” as well as being attributed the → Xin shu 新書. LSZ uses the title → Jia Yi fu 賈誼賦 in reference to the Li sao fu and in SE xiao 鴞 Jia Yi’s name alone in reference to the Fu niao fu. Jia Yi fu 賈誼賦, “rhapsody by Jia yi” [1] This is the Li sao fu 離騷賦, “Rhapsody on the Li sao,” by → Jia Yi 賈誼. LSZ cites it in SE ren gui 人傀. Jia yi jing 甲乙經, “The a-B Classic” [3] Wei 魏/Jin 晉 period book on acumoxa therapy. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐 書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Huang di san bu zhen jing 黃帝三部針經, “The Yellow Thearch’s Needling Classic in Three Parts,” Zhen jiu jia yi jing 針灸甲乙經, “The A-B Classic of Needling and Burning.” Written by → Huangfu Mi 皇甫謐. 10 juan (from Northern and Southern Dynasties times on 12 juan). DC c. 260. The book is a condensed and systematized reworking of material from the Zhen jing 針經, “Needling Classic” (→ Ling shu jing 靈樞經), the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, and the Ming tang kong xue zhen jiu zhi yao 明堂孔穴針灸治要, “Essentials from the Hall of Brilliance on Treatment by Needling and Burning on [Insertion] Holes.” The book discusses the long-term depots and short-term repositories (zang fu 臟腑), conduits and network vessels, pulse diagnosis, acupuncture points, needling methods, and treatment of various pathoconditions. Jia you 嘉祐 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, “Materia Medica of the Jia you reign Period” Lost CMM. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN Jia you bu zhu Shen nong ben cao 嘉祐補注神農 本草, “The Shen nong ben cao, Supplemented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period” Jia you bu zhu ben cao 嘉祐補注本草, “Materia Medica, Supple-

216 mented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period.” Written by → Zhang Yuxi 掌禹錫 and others. DC 1060. 20 juan. There are 1082 monographs on pharmaceutical substances, 99 of which were newly added. The text is based on the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, which was supplemented and annotated by Zhang and his team. Utilizing 16 works of materia medica and a large number of other medical texts, the Jia you ben cao preserves much Song 宋 and pre-Song pharmaceutical knowledge. The original book is lost, but the entire text was preserved in the → ZLBC. LSZ draws heavily on the book but also criticizes it for the limited amount of explanations offered by the team of authors themselves. He lists it as Jia you bu zhu ben cao [3] in his bibliographical sections and cites it as Jia you ben cao [28], Jia you 嘉祐, “Jia you Reign Period,” [232], Bu zhu 補注, “Supplemented and Annotated,” [3], Jia you bu zhu 嘉祐補注, “Supplemented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period,” [1], or Bu zhu ben cao 補注本草, “Supplemented and Annotated Materia Medica,” [1] in the main text. He also assigns quotations to the author’s name, Yuxi 禹錫 [104]. The abbreviated titles are often complemented with the addendum Song 宋 or the name Zhang Yuxi. Jia you bu zhu 嘉祐補注 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Jia you bu zhu ben cao 嘉祐補注本草 → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Jia zhen 家珍 → Jiegu jia zhen 潔古家珍 Jiamo 嘉謨 → Chen Jiamo 陳嘉謨 Jian bian 簡便 → Jian bian fang 簡便方 Jian bian dan fang 簡便單方 → Jian bian fang 簡便方 Jian bian dan xuan 簡便單玄 → Jian bian fang 簡便方 Jian bian fang 簡便方, “Simple and Convenient recipes” Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. EE BCGM. AN extant editions Jing yan qi xiao dan fang 經驗奇效單方, “Tried and Proven, Particularly Efficacious Single Substance Recipes,” Jian bian dan fang su lun 簡便單方俗論, “Popular Opinions on Simple and Convenient Single Substance Recipes.” Written by → Yang Qi 楊 起. DC jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1566). 2 juan, 14 chapters arranged according to disease. Each disease is explained in a “popular opinion” (su lun 俗論) that contains theoretical discourses as well as information on disease causes and treatment methods. This is followed by appropriate recipes. The Jian bian fang was later obtained by Yao Hongmo 姚弘謨, who added a Jian bian zhu fang 簡 便諸方, “Various Simple and Convenient Recipes,” by Xu Zhi 徐陟 (cf. → Xu Muzhai 徐木齋) to produce the He ke jian bian dan fang 合刻簡便單方, “Simple and Convenient Single Substance Recipes Printed Together,” in 1583. However, this was after the completion of the BCGM and therefore cannot be the edition LSZ used. LSZ cites the book as Jian bian fang [126], as Jian bian dan fang 簡便 單方, “Simple and Convenient Single Substance Recipes,” [14], as Jian bian 簡 便, “Simple and Convenient,” [15], or using the authors name Yang Qi [1] alone. In SE shu yu 薯蕷 he incorrectly calls the text Jian bian dan xuan 簡便單玄, “Simple and Convenient Single Mysteries,” [1].

217 Jian di 簡狄 Person of ancient times. A girl from the → Yousong shi 有娀氏 tribe, the mother of → Xie 契. Legend has it that she swallowed the egg of a dark bird and fell pregnant. According to a commentary by → Gan Bao 干寶 in the → Shi ji 史 記, Jian Di’s thorax split open and she gave birth to Xie. LSZ refers to her as Jian Di [1] and as Yousong shi [1] in SE ren gui 人傀. Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊, “Eulogies on Local Products from Jian nan” This is LSZ’s name for the Yi bu fang wu lüe ji 益部方物略記, “Brief Records of Local Products from Yi,” a partially lost Northern Song 宋 book. FE Xu tong zhi yi wen lüe 續通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Sequel to the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Song Qi 宋祁. DC 1057. 1 juan. The book was written when Song Qi governed Yi zhou 益州, thus the name. It imitates the Shan hai jing tu zan 山海經圖贊, “Illustrated Eulogies on the Classic of Mountains and Seas,” of → Guo Pu 郭璞 and is based upon material in the Jian nan fang wu 劍南方物, “Local Products of Jian nan,” of → Shen Li 沈立, expanding this to 65 entries on local products of the area. Each entry includes an illustration, an eulogy (zan 贊), alternative local names, and a description of appearance. The illustrations are now lost and only the eulogies survive. LSZ does not refer to the book by its proper title but in his bibliography lists it instead as Jian nan fang wu zan [2]. In the main text he cites it as Yi zhou fang wu ji 益州方物記, “Records of Local Things from Yi zhou,” [1], as Yi bu ji 益部記, “Records of Yi,” [1], as Yi bu fang wu ji 益部方物記, “Records of Local Products from Yi,” [1], as Yi bu fang wu tu 益部方物圖, “Illustrations of Local Products from Yi,” [4], and as Fang wu zan 方物贊, “Eulogies on Local Products,” [2]. He also refers to one section of the work, the Hai yu zan 海芋贊, “Eulogy on Giant Taro,” [1]. Jian ping wang 建平王, “Prince of Jian ping” This is Liu Hong 劉宏 (434-458), the seventh son of Emperor Wen 文 of Liu Song 劉宋. Style name Xiudu 休度. In 444, aged 11, he was made prince of Jian ping 建平 and went on to various high appointments, such as Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu ling 尚書令). Earnestly devoted to literature, he wrote the → Dian shu 典術 (complete name Jian ping wang dian shu 建平王典 術, “The Erudition of the Prince of Jian ping”) The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 erroneously renders the author Wang Jianping 王建平 instead of Jian ping wang, and LSZ takes over this mistake, referring the Dian shu to Wang Jianping [2]. Jian shi 煎氏 → Jian shi 剪氏 Jian shi 剪氏, “Gentleman for Extermination” Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, also called Jian du shi 剪蠹氏, “Gentleman Exterminating Grubs,” or Jian chong shi 剪蟲氏“Gentleman Exterminating Worms/Bugs.” LSZ cites the title as Jian shi 剪氏 [1] and erroneously writes Jian shi 煎氏 [1] in SE mang cao 莽草. Jian yao fang 簡要方 → Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方 Jian yao ji zhong 簡要濟衆 → Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方

218 Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方, “Simple and Essential recipes to Benefit the Masses” Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Huang you jian yao ji zhong fang 皇祐簡要濟衆方, “Simple and Essential Recipes of the Huang you Reign Period to Benefit the Masses.” Written by → Zhou Ying 周應 at imperial order. DC 1051. 5 juan. The book reproduced the essentials of the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 but eliminated anything superfluous. An official project, the book once circulated widely but is now lost. Many recipes, however, are preserved in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ took his material. He quotes the book as Jian yao ji zhong fang [20], as Jian yao ji zhong 簡要濟衆, “Simple and Essential [Recipes] to Benefit the Masses,” [13], as Ji zhong fang 濟衆方, “Recipes to Benefit the Masses,” [2], and as Jian yao fang 簡要方, “Simple and Essential Recipes,” [1]. LSZ also mistakenly refers recipes from the Jian yao ji zhong fang to other books, i.e., one recipe for the treatment of chest pain to the → Ji sheng fang 濟生方 of Yan Zili 嚴子禮 (→ Yan Yonghe 嚴用和) and four others to the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 or the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太 平聖惠方. Jian yi 簡易 → Jian yi fang 簡易方  Jian yi fang 簡易方, “Simple and Easy recipes”  Medical recipe book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” AN Jian yi fang lun 簡易方論, “Discourses on Simple and Easy Recipes.” Written by Li Minshou 黎民壽 (→ Li Jushi 黎居士). First printed in 1260. 11 juan. The book comprises the personal recipe collection of the author. Today only an incomplete version survives in China and a manuscript version in Japan. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方, from which LSZ takes his material, frequently cites the work. LSZ refers to the book as Jian yi fang [11], mistakenly as Yi jian fang 易簡方, “Easy and Simple Recipes,” [4], as Li Jushi fang 黎 居士方, “Recipes of Li the Recluse,” [1], and as Jian yi 簡易, “Simple and Easy,” [1]. Note that the title Yi jian fang without indication of an author may also refer to the → Yi jian fang 易簡方  of → Wang Shuo 王碩.  [4] A slip of the pen for the → Yi jian fang 易簡方  of → Wang Shuo 王 碩, by reversal of the positions of the first two characters. Jiang biao zhuan 江表傳, “Traditions on Manifestations of the river” [1] Lost Western Jin 晉 historical work. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by Yu Tuan 虞 漙. DC late Western Jin. The book records events from the end of the Han 漢 dynasty to Western Jin. Fragments are quoted in the → San guo zhi 三國志, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説 郛, and other books. LSZ cites the work in his main text only, quoting from the Tai ping yu lan.

219 Jiang Bo’er 江伯兒 [1] Early Ming 明 person. When his mother was ill, he promised to sacrifice his three-year-old son to thank the gods for curing her. After her recovery, he killed the child. When the emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝) heard of this, he became very angry and had Jiang severely punished. LSZ cites this story in SE ren rou 人肉. Jiang Bozhen 姜伯真 [1] Daoist. Details about his life are unavailable. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 reports in his → Zhen gao 真誥 that Jiang Bozhen ingested shi nao 石腦. Jiang fu 江賦 → Hai fu 海賦 Jiang Fu 姜撫 Tang 唐 dynasty person. A man of Song zhou 宋州 in the south of present-day Shang qiu 商丘 in He nan 河南. According to the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), he claimed to to be several hundred years old and to possess knowledge of the arts of immortals. Towards the end of the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741), he was invited to the Academy of Scholarly Worthies (ji xian yuan 集賢院) where, in order to ingratiate himself with the emperor, he falsely stated that ingesting chang chun teng 常春藤 and han ou 旱藕 were useful in achieving longevity. The general → Gan Shoucheng 甘守 誠 was familiar with pharmaceutical substances and pointed out the true origin of these two drugs as well as the risks associated with their ingestion. Fearing punishment, Jiang Fu fled. LSZ cites this story in SE wang sun 王孫 and SE qian sui lei 千歲蘽, referring to Jiang as Jiang Fu [2] and Fu 撫 [2], and mentioning his literary name Chonghe xiansheng 沖和先生, “Gentleman Who Mixes Liquids,” [1]. Jiang hu ji wen 江湖紀聞, “records of Things Heard at the rivers and Lakes” [3] Yuan 元 dynasty book of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Guo Xiaofeng 郭霄鳳. 16 juan. This book does not appear in Ming 明 and Qing 清 bibliographies and apparently did not circulate widely. Still extant today are an incomplete version of the original Yuan volume, the Xin kan fen lei jiang hu ji wen 新刊分類江湖紀聞, “Newly Printed and Categorized Records of Things Heard at the Rivers and Lakes,” as well as a Ming edition. Author Guo Xiaofeng, style name Yunyi 雲翼, largely records strange stories coming down from Southern Song 宋 times. LSZ cites the book in the bibliographical sections and the main text of the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM, but in the Jiang xi 江西 edition and all the later editions the work is erroneously called He hu ji wen 河湖紀聞, “Records of Things Heard at the Rivers and Lakes.” No author is indicated. A Jiang hu ji wen is also mentioned in the Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall,” and the author is said to be Xue Rujie 薛汝節, but when this latter text was written is unclear.

220 Jiang Huai yi ren lu 江淮異人錄, “records of Strange People from the yangzi and Huai-river [regions]” Lost Northern Song 宋 collection of stories. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Wu Shu 吳 淑. 2 juan. The book contained stories concerning people of Tang 唐 and Southern Tang times such as Daoists, Knight-Errants, or Magicians. Fragments are preserved in the → Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖, in the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” and other books. LSZ cites the book as Jiang nan yi wen lu 江南異聞錄, “Records of Strange Things Heard in Jiang nan,” [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but he most probably never saw the original Jiang Huai yi ren lu. Even though he does not mention any of the encyclopedias preserving fragments of this book as his sources, the material he cites as from the Jiang nan yi wen lu can be found in the Bai Kong liu tie as from the Jiang Huai yi wen lu. Thus, it is to be assumed that the material in the BCGM was taken from there and that Jiang nan yi wen lu must be a slip of the pen for Jiang Huai yi wen lu. Jiang jiao shou 蔣教授, “Teacher Jiang” [1] Southern Song 宋 person. Personal name lost, a man of Chu zhou 滁州 in present-day An hui 安徽. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 relates a medical case history of how the teacher was saved from choking on a fish bone stuck in his throat. LSZ cites this in SE guan zhong 貫衆. Jiang Linji 江鄰幾 (died 1060) [2] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Xiufu 休復, a man of Chen liu 陳 留 in Kai feng 開封, now part of He nan 河南, jin shi. He held various local and national posts and kept the imperial diaries while at court. Jiang has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史. His works comprised a Tang xuan jian 唐宣鑒, “Comprehensive Mirror of the Tang,” a Chun qiu shi lun 春秋世論, “Discourses on the Spring and Autumn Era,” and there was also a Wen ji 文集, “Literary Collection.” All these works are lost. Surviving alone is his Jia you za zhi 嘉祐雜志, “Miscellaneous Records of the Jia you Reign Period,” cited by LSZ as → Jiang Linji za zhi 江鄰幾雜志. Jiang Linji za zhi 江鄰幾雜志, “Miscellaneous records of Jiang Linji” [2] Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song .” AN Jia you za zhi 嘉祐雜志, “Miscellaneous Records of the Jia you Reign Period.” Written by Jiang Xiufu 江休復 (→ Jiang Linji 江鄰幾). 3 juan (1 juan surviving). Fragments of the book are found in the → Shuo fu 説郛, the Bai hai 稗海, “Ocean of Weeds,” in the collection Tang Song cong shu 唐宋叢書, “Collected Books of the Tang and Song Periods,” and other books. The amount of material quoted varies from source to source. The original collection records anecdotes of Northern Song times. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Jiang nan bie lu 江南別錄, “Separate record of the Jiang nan area” [1] Northern Song 宋 historical work. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Cheng Pengnian

221 陳彭年. 1 juan (AV 4 juan). The book is intended to supplement the earlier → Jiang nan lu 江南錄 by adding further material on the Southern Tang 唐 dynasty. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does, however, quote one fragment of the earlier Jiang nan lu second-hand, taking his quotation from the Jiang nan bie lu. Jiang nan lu 江南錄, “record of the Jiang nan area” [1] Lost Song 宋 dynasty historical work. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Xu Xuan 徐鉉, Tang Yue 湯悅, and others. DC reign of → Song Tai zong 宋太宗 (976-997). The book describes the history of Southern Tang 唐. Part of its contents are preserved in the → Jiang nan bie lu 江南別錄 of → Chen Pengnian 陳彭年. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites the work in his main text, taking his material from the Jiang nan bie lu and not from the original. Jiang nan yi wen lu 江南異聞錄 → Jiang Huai yi ren lu 江淮異人錄 Jiang shi 姜氏 → Chen Zihuang 陳子皇 Jiang Shixian 蔣士先 [1] Eastern Jin 晉 person. According to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記, Jiang Shixian once was attacked with gu 蠱 poison and discharged blood. A treatment with rang he 蘘荷 made him realize that the gu had been planted by a man called → Zhang Xiao 張小. LSZ cites this in SE rang he 蘘荷. Jiang tai gong 姜太公 This is Lü Shang 呂尚 or Jiang Ziya 姜子牙, the founding ancestor of the state of Qi 齊 at the beginning of the Western Zhou 周 dynasty. It is said that his surname was Jiang 姜 and that he was from the clan of Lü 呂. His personal name was Wang 望, and some consider Ziya 子牙 his style name. He is commonly known as Jiang tai gong. During the early Zhou, he held the post of Grand Preceptor (tai shi 太師) and assisted King Wu 武 of Zhou in eliminating the Shang 商. Legend has it that he invented coins. LSZ refers to him as Jiang tai gong [1] and Zhou tai gong 周太公 [1]. Jiang yan 江淹 (444-505) [2] Scholar of the Southern Dynasties period. Style name Wentong 文通, a man of Kao cheng 考城 in Ji yang 濟陽, in the northeast of present-day Min quan 民權 in He nan 河南. He served during the Liu Song 劉宋, Qi 齊, and Liang 梁 dynasties and rose to a high court office. In his early years Jiang was known for his literary work, but his late poems apparently did not live up to his earlier works, therefore people thought he had used up his talent. He left behind a literary collection, the Jiang Wentong ji 江文通集, “Collection of Jiang Wentong,” which LSZ cites as → Jiang Yan ji 江淹集. Jiang Yan ji 江淹集, “Collection of Jiang yan” Liang 梁 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Jiang Wentong ji 江文通集, “Collection of Jiang Wentong.” Written by → Jiang Yan 江淹. 10 juan plus a later collection 10 juan. Today only a total of 10 juan in the printed Song 宋 volume survive. This

222 comprises 2 juan each of fu 賦 and shi 詩 poetry and 6 juan of other writings. Jiang Yan’s writings are also found in various Tang 唐 and Song collections. The → ZLBC also cites one text, the Huang lian song 黃連頌, “Ode on the Goldthread Root.” LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and takes over the Huang lian song [1] from the ZLBC. He also cites Jiang’s Shi jie fu 石蜐賦, “Rhapsody on the Goose Barnacles,” [1], but the sentence quoted is actually a mixture of material from the Jiang Yan ji and material from the → Nan yue zhi 南越志. Jiang yaxiang 蔣亞香 [1] Man of the early Ming 明 dynasty, about whom nothing is known. Tan Lun 談 綸 (→ Tan Yeweng 談野翁) quotes a recipe by Jiang Yaxiang in his Shi yan xiao fang 試驗小方 (→ Shi yan fang 試驗方). Jiang yuan 姜源 → Jiang Yuan 姜嫄 Jiang yuan 姜嫄 Person of ancient times, also written Jiang Yuan 姜原. Legend has it that she was the mother of → Hou Ji 后稷, the progenitor of the Zhou 周 dynasty lineage. Once she saw the foot steps of a giant, and when she stepped into them she fell pregnant. Eventually she gave birth to a child and called it Qi 棄, the later Hou Ji. LSZ cites this story in SE ren gui 人傀 but writes her name Jiang Yuan 姜源 [1]. Jianqing 鑒清 [1] Northern Song 宋 monk and medical specialist. A man of Jiang xi 江西, good at treating “back effusion” (fa bei 發背). He was approached by → Shen Gua 沈 括 for details about the effects of honeysuckle vine (cf. → Wang Qi 王琪). No further details available. LSZ mentions him in SE ren dong 忍冬. Jiao qi lun 腳氣論, “discourse on Leg Qi” [3] A specialized book on “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣). Fragments are quoted in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 and the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草, but neither of these sources indicates an author. DC Tang 唐 or before. LSZ refers the Jiao qi lun to the monk → Shen shi 深師 in his bibliographical sections, stating that this is the same person as an unidentifiable → Mei shi 梅師, to whom he assigns the Jiao qi lun in the main text. The text quoted there is the same as quoted from the Jiao qi lun in the Hai yao ben cao. LSZ might have attributed the Jiao qi lun to Shen shi because he knew that the monk was a specialist at treating leg qi. Jiao si ge 郊祀歌 → Han shu 漢書 Jiao si zhi 郊祀志 → Han shu 漢書 Jiao Xicheng 焦希程 [2] Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of Mi yang 泌陽 in He nan 河南, provincial graduate (ju ren 舉人) in 1519. He held various minor military posts. The Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” claims that Jiao Xicheng is the same man as Zhou Xicheng 周希程, but comparing biographies it seems that Zhou and Jiao were actually two contemporaries of

223 the same given name. LSZ lists a Jiao Xicheng ji 焦希程集 in his bibliographical sections and quotes a poem by Jiao. Jiao Xicheng ji 焦希程集, “Collection of Jiao Xicheng” [1] Ming 明 dynasty literary collection. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Jiao Xicheng 焦希程. DC c. 1557. The book is not mentioned in Ming and Qing 清 standard bibliographies. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections. Even though he does not cite the work directly in the main text, he does refer to a poem about a petrified tree by Jiao Xicheng, dating its composition to the year 1557. Jiao zhou di zhi 交州地志 → Jiao zhou ji 交州記 Jiao zhou ji 交州記, “records of Jiao zhou” Lost Eastern Jin 晉 geographical text. EE → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術. AN Jiao zhou zhi 交州志, “Monograph on Jiao Zhou.” Written by → Liu Xinqi 劉欣期. The book details the geography and scenery of Jiao zhou 交州, that is, Guang dong 廣東, most of Guang xi 廣西, and parts of Vietnam. Fragments are found in many books, e.g. the Qi min yao shu, the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝 文類聚, the → ZLBC, and others. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and quotes the work second hand from various sources as Jiao zhou ji [14] and as Jiao zhou zhi 交州志 [1]. One reference to a Jiao zhou di zhi 交州地志, “Local Gazetteer of Jiao zhou,” [1], quoted from the ZLBC, is probably also an error for Jiao zhou ji. Jiao zhou zhi 交州志 → Jiao zhou ji 交州記 Jiaxuan 稼軒 → Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒 Jie gong 杰公, “Lord Jie” [4] This is Wan Jie 䨲杰, one of the Liang si gong 梁四公, “Four Lords of Liang,” described in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記. These were four extremely learned men during the time of Emperor → Liang Wu di 梁武帝. Their conversations with the emperor and his ministers are recorded in the → Liang si gong ji 梁四公記. LSZ also incorrectly refers to a → Liang Jie gong zhuan 梁杰公傳 in connection with Jie gong. Jie gu fang 接骨方, “recipe for Bone-setting” [2] Name of a recipe, not a book. LSZ gives this name as a source of a recipe for curing bone fractures in SE fen xi 粉錫, but this recipe actually originates from the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方, where it is called “powder for bone-setting” (jie gu san 接骨散). In SE diao 鵰, LSZ again cites a Jie gu fang as a source of a recipe to cure bone fractures, but the origin of this recipe remains unclear. Jie Tui 介推 [1] This is Jie Zitui 介子推, a nobleman of the Spring and Autumn period. He followed Duke Wen 文 of Jin 晉 into exile and later lived in the mountains as a recluse. Legend has it that in order to force Jie to receive a reward for his loyalty, Duke Wen set the mountain Jie lived on on fire. Unfortunately, Jie died in the fire, and Duke Wen remorsefully ordered three days without fire to honor Jie’s

224 memory. These are claimed to be the origins of the Cold Food Festival one day before Qing ming 清明 Festival. LSZ does not believe in this story but considers the prohibition of lighting a fire to originate from the theory of the five phases, in which the transition of spring to summer signifies the transformation from wood to fire. Jie xiao fang 皆效方, “Entirely Efficacious recipes” Lost medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed by LSZ to an otherwise unknown → Tan xian 坦仙. The supplementary section of the Jing ji fang gu zhi 經籍訪古志, “Catalogue Searching for Ancient Texts,” refers to a one juan appendix of the name Jie xiao fang, but whether this is the same text is uncertain. LSZ cites the text as Jie xiao fang [13] and as Tan xian fang 坦仙方, “Recipes of Tan the Immortal,” [1]. Jie yao 節要, “Essential [recipes] abridged” [1] Source of a recipe, probably not a book. See BCGM. Originally written Ji yao 即 要, “Appended Essential [Recipes]” [1], this was changed to Jie yao 節要 in the Jiang xi 江西 edition of the BCGM. A text titled Jie yao is not listed elsewhere in the BCGM, and the origin of the recipe cited in SE shi 豕 remains to be verified. Jie yi xin yu 解頤新語, “New Talks to Make [People] Smile” [2] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Huangfu Fang 皇甫汸. 8 juan. The work is a discussion of poetry. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. The author Huangfu Fang, style name Zixun 子循, was a man of Chang zhou 長洲, now part of Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1529 and rose to the post of Assistant Surveillance Commissioner (an cha si qian shi 按察司僉事) of Yun nan 雲南. Huangfu Fang was also the author of a Huangfu si xun ji 皇甫司勳集, “Collection of Huangfu from the Bureau of Merit Titles,” and a Baiquan zi xu lun 百泉子緒論, “Introduction by the Master of the Hundred Springs.” Jie yingchen 揭穎臣 Northern Song 宋 person, also called Yang Yingchen 楊穎臣. A man of Mei shan 眉山, now E mei 峨眉 in Si chuan 四川. When he suffered from “melting with thirst” (xiao ke 消渴), he was cured by the son of Zhang Hongyin 張肱隱 (→ Zhang Hong 張肱) from Si chuan with a preparation of musk and zhi ju 枳椇. LSZ indicates the Su Dongpo ji 蘇東坡集, “Su Dongpo Collection,” (→ Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集) as his source for this story, but the extant Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo,” does not mention any such event, while many other books such as the → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方, the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, and the → Yi shuo 醫説 all record it. LSZ refers to the patient as Jie Yingchen [1] and Yingchen 穎臣 [1] in SE zhi ju 枳椇. Jiegu 潔古 → Zhang Yuansu 張元素

225 Jiegu jia zhen 潔古家珍, “Family Treasures of [Zhang] Jiegu” Clinical text. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 (style name Jiegu 潔 古). DC uncertain, probably Jin 金 dynasty. 1 juan. The text is contained in the → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方. Its content is similar to the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集, but briefer and with an emphasis on pharmaceutical treatment of various disease signs. LSZ quotes the book as Jiegu jia zhen [6] and as Jia zhen 家珍, “Family Treasures.” Jiegu yong yao fa xiang 潔古用藥法象 → Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象 Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊, “The Pearl Bag of [Zhang] Jiegu” Jin 金 dynasty text on pharmaceutics. EE → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草. AN Zhen zhu nang 珍珠囊, “Pearl Bag.” Written by → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 (style name Jiegu 潔古). 1 juan. LSZ praises the book for its differentiation of drug properties such as flavor, ascending and descending (sheng jiang 昇降), or influence on superficial or deep areas and the twelve conduits. He approves of the descriptions of treatment according to disease signs and the way the main ideas as well as specific remedies and secret instructions are transmitted. According to LSZ, it was later generations that created rhymed phrases to facilitate memorization and wrongly attributed the work to Li Dongyuan 李東垣 (→ Li Gao 李杲, → Dongyuan zhen zhu nang 東垣珍珠囊). The book survives as a summary in the → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方 of → Du Sijing 杜思敬 and in even briefer form in the Tang ye ben cao of → Wang Haogu 王好古. The quotations in the BCGM are somewhat different to the material in these books. Comparison suggests that LSZ might have taken his material from another work by Zhang Yuansu, namely the → Yi xue qi yuan 醫學啟源. He refers such quotations to → Yuansu 元素 [135] or Zhang Yuansu 張元素 [6]. LSZ also refers to the Jiegu zhen zhu nang [3] by name and to the → Zhen zhu nang 珍珠囊 [14]. The origins of references to Jiegu [36] without any mention of a book title remain uncertain. Jiezhai 節齋 → Wang Lun 王綸 Jiezhai yi lun 節齋醫論, “Medical discourses of [Wang] Jiezhai” [1] Lost book on medical theory. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Written by → Wang Lun 王綸. DC 1488-1505. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but quotes one recipe from it in the main text. Jihong 繼洪 Monk and physician of the late Song 宋 or early Yuan 元 dynasty. A man of Ru zhou 汝州, now Lin ru 臨汝 in He nan 河南. During the late Song dynasty, he traveled in the southern areas and afterwards published a revision of the → Ling nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方. He was also the author of the later Dan liao ji yan mi fang 澹寮集驗秘方, “Proven Secret Recipes from the Collection of the Tranquil Hut,” (→ Dan liao fang 澹寮方). LSZ cites him as Jihong [3] and Seng Jihong 僧繼洪, “Monk Jihong,” [2].

226 Jilao 吉老 → Yang Jie 楊介 Jili 吉利 [1] Name of a person, servant of → Li Yu 李俁. According to the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, he happened to obtain an herb that dissolved poison and saved his master’s life. Hence the herb was named Ji li herb, ji li cao 吉利草. Jin 謹 → Li Jin 李謹 Jin dan da cheng 金丹大成, “Great Compedium of the Golden Elixir” Yuan 元 dynasty Daoist book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Jin dan da cheng ji 金丹大成集, “Collection of the Great Compendium of the Golden Elixir.” Written by Xiao Tingzhi 蕭廷芝 (→ Xiao Liaozhen 蕭了真). 1 juan. The book describes alchemical methods in various literary forms such as poetry, songs, and theoretical discussions. The book circulated separately but is also part of the collection Zhu zhen yuan ao ji cheng 諸真元奧集成, “Complete Collection of the Various Mysteries of the True Origin.” LSZ lists the book as Jin dan da cheng [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does, however, refer material from the work to Xiao Liaozhen [2] directly or to a Jin dan shi 金丹詩, “Poem on the Golden Elixir,” [1] by Xiao Liaozhen. Jin dan shi 金丹詩 → Jin dan da cheng 金丹大成 Jin guang ming jing 金光明經, “Sutra of the Golden Light” [16] Buddhist sutra, famous in Chinese Buddhism. FE Shi wen ji 釋文紀, “Record of Buddhist Texts.” Translated during the Sui 隋 dynasty. There are various versions of different sizes. Only one passage is quoted by the → ZLBC. Since LSZ uses far more material, he must have consulted a version of the original work. Jin Huai 晉懷 (284-313) [1] This is Emperor Huai 懷 of Jin 晉, personal name Sima Chi 司馬熾, r. 306-311. LSZ notes the fact that his reign was a period of anarchy as Western Jin fell, so many documents of the time are lost. Jin Hui di 晉惠帝 (259-307) This is Sima Zhong 司馬衷, emperor of the Western Jin 晉 dynasty, r. 290-307. LSZ recounts events that took place during his reign, referring to the emperor as Jin Hui di [1] and Hui di 惠帝 [1]. Jin Jiqian 靳季謙 [1] Early Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. Details about his life are unavailable. According to a → Hai shang fang 海上方  quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, he rolled mugwort into wax paper to form a tube, ignited it and fumigated his teeth to end his toothache. LSZ cites this in SE ai 艾. Jin kui 金匱 → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略 Jin kui fang 金匱方 → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略

227 Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄, “Exploring the Profundities of the Golden Casket” [3] Yuan 元 dynasty clinical text. FE Guo shi jing ji 國史經籍, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” AN Ping zhi hui cui 平治薈萃, “Assembly of [Methods for a] Balanced Treatment.” Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. Revised in Ming 明 times by → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮. DC uncertain. 3 juan. The text provides brief essentials for the treatment of disease signs in internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology and pediatrics. It is greatly elucidated by Dai’s additions. Jin kui ming fang 金匱名方, “Famous recipes of the Golden Casket” [1] Book of medical recipes. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections only, providing neither author nor DC. The Ming 明 dynasty Qing feng ting gao 清風亭稿, “Drafts from the Pavilion of Noble Characters,” mentions a text called Jin kui ming fang, but whether this is the same book that LSZ is referring to remains uncertain. Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略, “Essentials of the Golden Casket” Book on miscellaneous diseases. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景. DC c. 3rd century. 3 juan. The work comprised one part of the original Shang han za bing lun 傷寒雜病論, “Discourse on Harm Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases,” the other part consisting of the → Shang han lun 傷寒 論 . During Northern Song times, the Han lin 翰林 scholar Wang Zhu 王洙 aquired a work called Jin kui yu han yao lüe fang 金匱玉函要略方, “Recipes from the Essentials of the Golden Casket and Jade Case.” This moth-eaten book consisted of three juan, the first differentiating various types of disorders from harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒), the second consisting of a theoretical discussion of miscellaneous diseases, and the third covering recipes and the treatment of women’s disorders. The text was then edited by the Northern Song 宋 medical bureau: Material from the miscellaneous diseases section down to the dietary prohibitions was arranged into 25 chapters containing 262 recipes, and the new book was called Jin kui yao lüe fang 金匱要略方, “Recipes from the Essentials of the Golden Casket.” LSZ refers to the work as Jin kui yao lüe [37], as Jin kui fang 金匱方, “Recipes from the Golden Casket,” [12], as Jin kui 金匱, “Golden Casket,” [4], and as Jin kui yao lüe fang [2]. Jin kui yao lüe fang 金匱要略方 → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略 Jin kui yu han 金匮玉函 → Jin kui yu han fang 金匱玉函方 Jin kui yu han fang 金匱玉函方, “recipes from the Golden Casket and Jade Case” Medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Jin kui yu han jing 金匱玉函經, “Classic of the Golden Casket and Jade Case.” Attributed to → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, arranged by → Wang Shuhe 王叔和. DC Han 漢. 8 juan. The book is considered a version of the Shang han za bing lun 傷寒雜病論, “Discourse on Harm Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases,” with a different title. By Northern Song

228 times, material had been added by various authors. → Lin Yi 林億 and others edited the work to produce the present Jin kui yu han jing with 29 chapters and 115 recipes in 1066. LSZ cites the book as Jin kui yu han fang [12], as Jin kui yu han 金匮玉函, “Golden Casket and Jade Case,” [12], and as Jin kui yu han miao fang 金匮玉函妙方, “Miraculous Recipes of the Golden Casket and Jade Case,” [1]. Jin kui yu han miao fang 金匮玉函妙方 → Jin kui yu han fang 金匱玉函方 Jin men ji 金門記, “records of the Golden Gate” [2] Probably the incorrect title of an anonymous book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The book is not mentioned in any other bibliography. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and cites a passage on human saliva (shen shui 神 水) from it in the main text. This passage is found in a → Shuo fu 説郛 excerpt from the Yun xian za ji 雲仙雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of the Immortals of the Clouds,” (→ Yun xian lu 雲仙錄), but the latter text indicates a Jin men sui jie 金門歲節, “Years of the Golden Gate,” as the original source of the material. Thus, the title Jin men ji is probably an incorrect designation for that text. The Jin men sui jie is quoted in Ming 明 works like the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) and the Shan tang si kao 山堂肆考, “Extended Investigations of the Mountain Hall,” but none of these books indicate an author. The Jin men sui jie itself refers to the Tang figures Jia Dao 賈島 (779-843) and Pei Du 裴度 (765-839). Considering this and the Yun xian za ji’s date of composition (probably beginning of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty), the text can be dated to approximately the 10th or 11th centuries. Jin nang mi lan 錦囊秘覽, “Secret Overview of the Brocade Bag” [2] Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No details available. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographcial sections and cites one recipe in the main text. He also refers to a Mi lan 秘覽, “Secret Overview,” [1], but this abbreviation might also refer to the → Ji sheng mi lan 濟生秘覽. Since both texts are now lost, it is impossible to say which book the quotation is from. Jin nang shi 錦囊詩 → Jin nang shi dui 錦囊詩對 Jin nang shi dui 錦囊詩對, “answers on Poetry from the Brocade Bag” Lost Ming 明 dynasty book, apparently on poetics. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Zhu Anyu 朱安㳚 (1476-1525), a Ming prince. The book does not appear in the standard bibliographies. LSZ lists the book as Jin nang shi dui [1] without indication of the author in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does cite a Jin nang shi 錦囊詩, “Poem from the Brocade Bag,” [1] there, but since the Jin nang shi dui is now lost, the source of his citation remains unclear. Jin shan si shenren 金山寺神人, “Holy Man of the Golden Mountain Monastery” [1] Song 宋 dynasty unnamed holy man. In SE da huang 大黃, LSZ cites from the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 a recipe with rhubarb root to heal “wounds resulting from hot water scorching” (tang huo zhuo shang 湯火灼傷) that was apparently transmitted by the Jin shan si shenren. Tracing the source of this story, we find an as-

229 sociation with a divine person (shen 神) talking about a place called Jin shan 金 山, but there is no mention of a Golden Mountain Monastery. Jin Shao 靳邵 [1] Famous Jin 晉 dynasty physician, considered one of the best of his time. He held a honorific court post and is the inventor of two well-known mineral recipes. LSZ takes over his name from another source. Jin shu 晉書, “History of the Jin” [9] Lost historical work. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Wang Yin 王隱. DC 340. 89 juan. Wang Yin, continuing the work begun by his father Wang Quan 王 銓, compiled a general history of the Western Jin 晉 dynasty. Fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and many other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites it second hand from other sources in the main text. Jin Wu di 晉武帝 (236-290) [1] This is Emperor Wu 武 of Jin 晉, personal name Sima Yan 司馬炎, r. 265-290. LSZ cites a story about him from the → Shi yi ji 拾遺記 . Jin xi xian wan biao 進豨薟丸表, “Stone Tablet on Pills with Xi xian, Presented [to the Emperor]” Stone tablet inscription composed for the emperor by → Zhang Yong 張詠. According to this inscription, Zhang Yong found an excavated stele with descriptions of life cultivation techniques and two recipes with descriptions of a drug called “fire shovel” (huo qian 火杴), that is, xi xian 豨薟. Zhang used the drug on himself and others with considerable success. Upon this he dispatched a minor official called → Shi Yuan 史元 to present a memorial about the recipe. LSZ refers to this text as Jin xi xian wan biao [2] and as Xian wan biao 薟丸表, “Stone Tablet on Xian Pills.” Once, however, he erroneously refers the titles Jin xi xian wan biao and Jin xi xian wan fang biao 進豨薟丸方表, “Stone Tablet on Recipes for Pills with Xi xian,” [1] to → Cheng Ne 成訥, who is associated with a “recipe for pills with xi xian” (xi xian wan fang 豨薟丸方) in the → ZLBC but no stone inscription. Jin xi xian wan fang biao 進豨薟丸方表 → Jin xi xian wan biao 進豨薟丸表 Jin xiao 近效 → Jin xiao fang 近效方 Jin xiao fang 近效方, “Quick-Working recipes” Lost book on medical recipes. EE → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方. DC Tang 唐. Author and size uncertain. The book apparently contained many recipes considered effective by the common people from the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741) and before. The Wai tai mi yao quotes much and the → ZLBC some of its material. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not indicate any author there. He quotes the work second hand from the Wai tai mi yao and the ZLBC as Jin xiao fang [17] or Jin xiao 近效, “Quick-Working,” [1]. In SE po luo de 婆羅得 he mistakenly refers the Jin xiao fang to → Meng Shen 孟詵.

230 Jin xiu wan hua gu 錦繡萬花谷, “The Valley of Ten-thousand Flowers, Beautiful as Brocade” [1] Anonymous Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書 錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” Written by an unknown author living during the reign of → Song Xiao zong 宋孝 宗 (r. 1162-1189). Some attribute the work to Xiao Gongfu 蕭恭父, but according to the original introduction Xiao only assigned a name to the book and did not write it. DC 1188. 150 juan, comprised of an earlier (qian ji 前集), later (hou ji 後集), and subsequent collection (xu ji 續集) of 40 juan each, and a separate collection (bie ji 別集) of 30 juan. The material is divided up into 761 categories. Each category lists related objects, followed by relevant literature. The encyclopedia uses material from a wide range of sources, including many books now lost. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He may have quoted material second hand from it, referring to the original source instead of the Jin xiu wan hua gu, but there is no way to ascertain this. Jin Xuan zong 金宣宗 [1] This is Wanyan Xun 完顔珣, the Jin 金 emperor from the Jurchen tribe, r. 12131222. According to the → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒, he ingested the “pill to bring down phlegm” (zhui tan wan 墜痰丸). LSZ cites this in SE da huang 大黃. Jin you gong 晉幽公 [1] Warring States period ruler of the state of Jin 晉, r. 433-416 BCE. LSZ reports that when his tomb was opened by grave robbers they found that the corpse had not decayed because it had been covered with mica. LSZ cites this in SE yun mu 雲母. Jin youzi 金幼孜 (1368-1431) [5] This is the style name of Jin Shan 金善, a Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of Xin gan 新淦, now Xin gan 新干 in Jiang xi 江西, provincial graduate (ju ren 舉人) in 1399. He held various posts including an appointment at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and received the posthumous title Wenjing 文靖, “Literary and Peaceful.” He has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming.” His collection, the Jin Wenjing ji 金文靖集, “Collection of Jin Wenjing,” survives, and LSZ cites his → Bei zheng lu 北征錄. Jin yuan di 晉元帝 (276-323) [1] This is Sima Rui 司馬睿, Eastern Jin 晉 emperor, r. 317-323. Style name Jingwen 景文. In SE sheng ma 升麻, LSZ informs of the first appearance of “prisoners of war lesions” (lu chuang 虜瘡, i.e., smallpox) in China during his reign. Jin zhong xing shu 晉中興書, “History of the Jin restoration” [2] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 historical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by He Fasheng 何法盛 (→ Fasheng 法盛), although the → Nan shi 南史 states that the book was actually written by Xi Shao 郗紹 and that He falsely claimed its authorship. DC 1st half of the 5th century. 78 juan. The book records the history of the Eastern

231 Jin 晉 dynasty. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other works. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections referring it to He’s first name Fasheng, and quotes it second hand from the Tai ping yu lan in the main text. Jin Zhuo 晉灼 [3] Jin 晉 era official and scholar, a man of He nan 河南. Jin held a post as Secretarial Court Gentleman (shang shu lang 尚書郎) and wrote a Han shu yin yi 漢書 音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning in the History of the Han.” His annotations to the → Han shu 漢書 later became part of the Han shu annotations of → Yan Shigu 顔師古 (→ Han shu zhu 漢書注). Jin Zhuo zhu 晉灼注 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Jing 景 → Huan Jing 桓景 Jing 經, “Classic”  [16] Abbreviation for the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問.

 [11] Abbreviation for the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經. In most cases this abbreviation is used by LSZ himself to refer to material on pharmaceutical substances from the Shen nong ben cao jing, but occasionally it is also found within the notes of earlier commentators referring to the original book, similarly to the term → Ben jing 本經 . Jing Cha 景差 [2] Warring States period poet. After the death of → Qu Yuan 屈原, many other poets in the state of Chu 楚 gained fame with their ci fu 辭賦 poetry. → Wang Yi 王逸 attributes the → Da zhao 大招 section of the → Chu ci 楚辭 to Jing Cha. Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記, “records of the annual Seasons in Jing and Chu” Liang 梁 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志,“Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Zong Lin 宗懍. 1 juan (AV 4 juan). The text records seasonal changes, scenery, and stories of the Jing 荊 and Chu 楚 regions. The → TJBC and the → ZLBC quote material from it, and LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Jing Chu sui shi ji [9] and Sui shi ji 歲時記, “Records of the Annual Seasons,” [3]. Jing duan wang 荊端王, “Prince duan of Jing” (died 1553) [1] This is Zhu Houquan 朱厚烇, prince of a Ming 明 vassal state. In SE huang lian 黃連, LSZ reports that he ingested bitter and cold drugs over a long time, a practice that eventually caused a fire in him to blaze and made him go blind. Jing Fang 京房 (77-37 BCE) [4] Western Han 漢 theorist on the → Zhou yi 周易, founder of his own school of thought, and expert in law. Original surname Li 李, style name Junming 君 明, a man of Dun qiu 頓丘 in Dong jun 東郡, now part of He nan 河南. He studied the Zhou yi with Jiao Yanshou 焦延壽, interpreting the book in terms of constant change and explaining various natural disasters on the basis of these theories. He was the author of the Jing shi yi zhuan 京氏易傳, “The [Book of ]

232 Changes in the Tradition of Mr. Jing,” the Jing shi yi zhan 京氏易占, “Mr. Jing’s Divination by the [Book of ] Changes,” (→ Yi zhan 易占), and other books. Jing He wang 荊和王, “Prince He of Jing” (died 1504) [1] This is Zhu Youlan 朱祐欄 (sometimes written Zhu Youjian 朱祐橺), prince of a Ming 明 vassal state. Posthumous name He 和, “Harmonious,” therefore called Jing He wang. In SE li lu 藜蘆, LSZ recounts a case about one of the prince’s concubines (→ Liu shi 劉氏 ) who suffered from “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中 風) at the age of 70. Jing Huan 景煥 [4] Man of late Five Dynasties and early Song 宋 times. His name is also given as Jing Yu 景漁. He lived as a recluse at Mount Yu lei 玉壘, thus his literary name Yulei shanren 玉壘山人, “Hermit of Mount Yu lei.” A man of Cheng du 成都 in Si chuan 四川, author of the → Ye ren xian hua 野人閑話 and the → Mu xian xian tan 牧豎閑談. Jing ji 經濟 → Pu ji fang 普濟方 Jing Mu wang 荊穆王, “Prince Mu of Jing” (died 1550) [1] Prince of a Ming 明 vassal state. LSZ relates a case study of his own about the prince’s wife suffering from unbearable heart pain. The Jing wang xi 荊王系, “Families of Princes of Jing,” lists a Prince Duanmu 端穆 of Yong ding 永定, Zhu Zaihui 朱載墭. This prince was a contemporary of LSZ’s, so possibly this is the person he is referring to in SE yan hu suo 延胡索. Jing nan ji 荊南記, “records of Southern Jing” Lost Liang 梁 dynasty geographical text. FE Liang shu 梁書, “History of the Liang,” biography of Emperor Wen 文. AN there Jing nan zhi 荊南志, “Gazetteer of Southern Jing,” in the Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” Jing nan di zhi 荊南地志, “Local Gazetteer of Southern Jing.” Written by Emperor Yuan 元 of Liang (→ Liang Yuan di 梁 元帝), i.e., Xiao Yi 蕭繹. 2 juan. The book records geography, local products, etc., of the southern parts of Jing zhou 荊州. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, and other books. LSZ cites the book as Jing nan ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and second hand from the Tai ping yu lan as Jing nan zhi [1] in the main text. He does not indicate an author. Jing nan zhi 荊南志 → Jing nan ji 荊南記 Jing xi tie 靜息貼 → Jing xi tie 靜息帖 Jing xi tie 靜息帖, “Note Taken Breathing Quietly” Calligraphic work by Wang Xianzhi 王獻之 (→ Wang Zijing 王子敬) of Eastern Jin 晉. In it he states: “Yu shi is a most questionable item. My elder brother liked to swallow the debris power and suddenly developed an “obstruction-illness” (yong 癰). The tendency of the material is to accumulate and not give way.” LSZ takes this over from the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆 but erroneously writes Jing xi tie 靜息貼 [1] in SE yu shi 礜石.

233 Jing xiao fang 經效方, “Tried and Efficacious recipes”  [3] Lost, anonymous medical recipe book of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC and size uncertain. The ZLBC quotes recipes from this work, and the material cited by LSZ as from a Jing xiao fang without indication of an author is taken from there.  [1] Erroneous name for the Shi yan xiao fang 試驗小方 (→ Shi yan fang 試驗 方) of Tan Lun 談綸 (→ Tan Yeweng 談野翁).

 [1] Erroneous name for the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Wang Zhongmian 王仲勉. Jing xiao ji shi fang 經效濟世方, “Proven Efficacious recipes to Benefit the World” Medical recipe book. Not listed in any bibliographical source. Author unknown. The text is first quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, it must therefore date to early Ming 明 times or before. The Pu ji fang refers to it at least 40 times, and LSZ takes some quotations over as Jing xiao ji shi fang [5] and erroneously as Jing xiao ji shi wan 經效濟世丸, “Proven Efficacious Pills to Benefit the World,” [1] but does not list the book in his bibliography. Jing xiao ji shi wan 經效濟世丸 → Jing xiao ji shi fang 經效濟世方 Jing xin lu 經心錄, “records of the Core of Classics” [5] Lost recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” and mentioned in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). AN Jing xin lu fang 經心錄方, “Recipes from the Records of the Core of Classics.” Written by → Song Xia 宋俠. DC Sui 隋 to Tang 唐. 10 juan (AV 8 juan). Fragments are found in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and other texts. LSZ cites the book second hand. Jing yan 經驗, “Tried and Proven”  [23] Abbreviation possibly referring to the Jing yan qian fang 經驗前方, “Tried and Proven Earlier Recipes,” (→ Jing yan fang 經驗方 ) or to the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方.  [2] Abbreviation for the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (13) by → Tang Yao 唐瑤. In this case it is labeled with the author’s name.

 [1] Abbreviation for the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (15) by → Yang Cheng 楊誠. In this case it is labeled with the author’s name. Jing yan fang 經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes” Full title, abbreviation, or erroneous name for a variety of medical recipe books, sometimes labeled with the real or assumed name of an author, sometimes not. In addition to the works listed below, the term Jing yan fang is also part of a number of book titles, namely the → Rui zhu tang jing yan fang 瑞竹堂經驗方, → Ji shan tang jing yan fang 積善堂經驗方, → Rencun tang jing yan fang 仁存堂 經驗方, → Yi zhen tang jing yan fang 頤真堂經驗方, → De sheng tang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方, and → Fa sheng tang jing yan fang 法生堂經驗方.

234  [175] Lost, anonymous medical recipe book of Northern Song 宋 times. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN Jing yan qian fang 經驗前方, “Tried and Proven Earlier Recipes.” DC 2nd half of the 11th century. The ZLBC quotes from this work a great deal, and LSZ’s references to a Jing yan fang without indication of an author are mostly taken over from the ZLBC. LSZ mistakenly attributes the book to → Chen Bian 陳抃 in his bibliographical sections, apparently thinking that the Jing yan fang and the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方 cited in the ZLBC were identical with the now lost Shou ji bei ji jing xiao fang 手集備急經效方, “Tried and Efficacious Recipes for Emergencies, Collected by Hand,” by Chen. For chronological reasons, however, it is unlikely that the ZLBC quoted any work by Chen Bian. In the main text LSZ also refers to a Chen shi jing yan fang 陳氏經驗方 [4], these references might be to this anonymous Jing yan fang as well, or to the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  by → Chen Rihua 陳日華. References to a → Jing yan 經驗 [23] might apply to the anonymous Jing yan fang or the → Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方, which is also quoted in the ZLBC.  [4] AN for the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方 if referred to Liu Songhuang 劉松篁, Songhuang 松篁, or → Liu Songshi 劉松石. References to a → Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方 could be to the → Jing yan fang 經驗方   as well.

 Lost Southern Song medical recipe book. EE → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良 方. AN Chen shi jing yan fang 陳氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Chen.” Written by → Chen Rihua 陳日華. DC late 12th or early 13th century. Size uncertain. Fragments are quoted in the Pu ji fang, the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, and other books. LSZ quotes second hand from these sources. He cites the book as Jing yan fang [6] or as Chen shi jing yan fang [4], each time indicating the author as Chen Rihua or Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen.” However, the title Chen shi jing yan fang [4] might also refer to the anonymous → Jing yan fang 經驗方  wrongly attributed to → Chen Bian 陳抃 by LSZ, so the two works might easily be confused.  Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Mi chuan jing yan fang 秘傳經驗方, “Secretly Transmitted Tried and Proven Recipes.” Written by → Shao Yizheng 邵以正 as part of the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂. LSZ cites this work as Jing yan fang [17], as Shao shi jing yan fang 邵氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Shao,” [2], as Shao zhenren fang 邵真人方, “Recipes of Shao the Perfected One,” [4] Shao shi fang 邵氏 方, “Recipes of Mr. Shao,” [1], as Shao zhenren jing yan liang fang 邵真人經驗良 方, “Tried and Proven Good Recipes of Shao the Perfected One,” [1], as Tongmiao zhenren fang 通妙真人方, “Recipes of the Perfected One Who Penetrated the Miraculous,” [2], as Tongmiao Shao zhenren fang 通妙邵真人方, “Recipes of Shao the Perfected One Who Penetrated the Miraculous,” [1], or using the author’s name, Shao shi 邵氏, “Mr. Shao,” [1]. LSZ also erroneously refers this Jing yan fang to Shao’s teachers → Liu Changchun 劉長春 and → Zhao Yizhen 趙 宜真. Indeed, the Qing nang za zuan contained many works by Zhao, and the

235 Jing yan fang is the only text written by Shao Yizheng himself in the collection, thus probably LSZ’s error. In his bibliographical sections, LSZ lists a → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of Liu Changchun and a → Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方 but only refers to the real work by Shao indirectly in his listing of the Qing nang za zuan. In the main text, too, we find frequent references of the Jing yan fang to Liu and Zhao. All this shows that in the BCGM there was great confusion regarding the Jing yan fang and its authorship.

 Ming 明 dynasty recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Erroneously attributed to → Liu Changchun 劉長春. The book in question, found in the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂, is actually the → Jing yan fang 經 驗方  of → Shao Yizheng 邵以正. LSZ cites this book as Jing yan fang [8] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, mistakenly ascribing it to Liu Changchun or Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu.” Note that such references to a → Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方 could be to the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂 經驗方 as well. He also quotes the text as Liu Changchun fang 劉長春方, “Recipes of Liu Changchun,” [2].  Erroneously attributed to Zhao shi 趙氏, “Mr. Zhao” (→Zhao Yizhen 趙宜 真) in → Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方, this is actually the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Shao Yizheng 邵以正.  Referred to an unidentifiable Yu jiang shi 禹講師, “Lecturer Yu,” in → Yu jiang shi jing yan fang 禹講師經驗方.

 Lost medical recipe book attributed to an otherwise unknown → Dai Guyu 戴古渝. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC and size uncertain. LSZ cites the book as Jing yan fang [2] by Dai Guyu in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

 Lost medical recipe book attributed to an otherwise unknown → Wang Zhongmian 王仲勉. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. LSZ cites the book as Jing yan fang [3] and erroneously as Jing xiao fang 經效方, “Proven Efficacious Recipes,” [1] labeling all his quotations with the author’s name.  Referred to an unidentifiable Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong,” in → Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方.

Referred to an unidentifiable Lin shi 藺氏, “Mr. Lin,” in → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方.

2 Referred to an unidentifiable Zhang shi 張氏, “Mr. Zhang,” in → Zhang shi jing yan fang 張氏經驗方.

3 Lost medical recipe book attributed to an otherwise unknown → Tang Yao 唐 瑤. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. LSZ cites the book as Jing yan fang [31] and as Jing yan 經驗, “Tried and Proven,” [2], marking all his references with the name of the author. He also refers to the work as Tang shi jing yan fang 唐氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Reci-

236 pes of Mr. Tang,” [8], as Tang shi fang 唐氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Tang,” [3], as Tang Yao fang 唐瑤方, “Recipes of Tang Yao,” [1], or, using the author’s name alone, as Tang Yao [1] or Tang shi 唐氏, “Mr. Tang,” [4]. Referred to an unidentifiable Ruan shi 阮氏, “Mr. Ruan,” in → Ruan shi jing yan fang 阮氏經驗方. 4

5 Lost medical recipe book attributed to an otherwise unknown → Yang Cheng 楊誠. EE BCGM. DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it as Jing yan fang [13] and as Jing yan 經驗, “Tried and Proven,” [1] in the main text, marking all his references with the name of the author. Whether this is the same book as the → Yang shi jing yan fang 楊氏經驗方 remains uncertain. 6

Referred to → Chen Xun 陳巽, AN for the → Chen Xun fang 陳巽方.

7 In Zhu shi jing yan fang 朱氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” [1], AN for the → Ji yan fang 集驗方 .

8 In Lu shi jing yan fang 陸氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Lu,” [1], AN for the → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方.

9 In Binhu jing yan fang 瀕湖經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of [Li] Binhu,” [1], AN for the → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方. 20 Referred to an unidentifiable Pan shi 潘氏, “Mr. Pan,” in → Pan shi jing yan fang 潘氏經驗方

21 In → Xu wang jing yan fang 徐王經驗方 probably an AN for the → Xu wang fang 徐王方. Jing yan fu ren fang 經驗婦人方, “Tried and True recipes of Women” [1] Lost, anonymous Song 宋 or earlier gynecological text. Cited in the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites one recipe second hand in the main text without naming his source. Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方, “Tried and Proven Later recipes” Lost, anonymous Northern Song 宋 recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC 2nd half of the 11th century. LSZ gets his citations from the ZLBC, which cites the work frequently. In the bibliographical sections of the BCGM he mistakenly assigns the Jing yan hou fang to Chen shi 陳氏, “Mr. Chen,” that is, → Chen Bian 陳抃. LSZ cites the work as Jin yan hou fang [15], and some of his references to a → Jing yan 經驗 [23] might also refer to this text. Jing yan ji shi fang 經驗濟世方, “Tried and Proven recipes to Benefit the World” [2] Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Jing yan ji shi liang fang 經驗濟世良方, “Tried and Proven Good Recipes to Benefit the World.” Written by Chen Shixian 陳 仕賢. DC 1558. 11 juan. The text is organized into chapters according to disease. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating the author.

237 The author Chen Shixian was a Ming dynasty official. Style name Bangxian 邦 憲, a man of Fu qing 福清 in present-day Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1562. He held a court office during which he examined and corrected various books on medicine together with the medical official Sun Yu 孫宇. From these he collected a variety of old recipes to compile the Jing yan ji shi fang. Jing yan liang fang 經驗良方, “Tried and Proven Good recipes”  [48] Lost, anonymous Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. EE → Pu ji fang 普濟方. According to the Zhong guo yi ji kao 中國醫籍考, “Investigation of Medical Books of China,” 15 juan. The Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion,” lists an anonymous book of this name in 4 volumes, but whether this is identical with the text quoted in the BCGM is uncertain. Further details unavailable. The Jing yan liang fang is frequently cited in the Yi fang lei ju 醫方類聚, “Categorized Collection of Medical Recipes,” and the Pu ji fang, from which LSZ takes his material.

 Referred to Shao zhenren 邵真人, “Shao the Perfected One,” (→ Shao Yizheng 邵以正) in Shao zhenren jing yan liang fang 邵真人經驗良方, “Tried and Proven Good Recipes of Shao the Perfected One,” [1], AN for the Jing yan fang 經驗方 . Jing yan mi fang 經驗秘方, “Tried and Proven Secret recipes” [3] Medical recipe book, cited in the main text of the BCGM only. DC, author, and size uncertain. The book is not found in any other bibliography. Possibly, this could be references to recipes invented by LSZ himself. Jing yan qian fang 經驗前方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  Jing Yang yi wu zhi 荊揚異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Jing and yang” [2] Lost Three Kingdoms period book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN originally Jing Yang yi nan yi wu zhi 荊揚以南異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Jing and Yang and Further to the South.” Written by → Xue Ying 薛瑩. A small number of fragments are found in the Tai ping yu lan and the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and refers it to Xue shi 薛氏, “Mr. Xue.” In the main text he quotes the work once, referring it to Xue Ying there. Jing yi 精義 → Wai ke jing yi 外科精義 Jing yuan 鏡源 → Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 Jing zhou ji 荊州記, “records from Jing zhou” [6] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 geographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Sheng Hongzhi 盛 弘之. 3 juan. The text described the landscape, products, settlements, etc., of Jing zhou 荊州. Fragments are preserved in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. The → Ben cao shi

238 yi 本草拾遺 also quotes two passages, which LSZ, in addition to citing material from other sources, takes over. Jingshu 敬叔 [2] This is Lu Jingshu 陸敬叔, an official of Wu 吳 during the Three Dynasties period. Served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Jian an 建安 during the reign of the first ruler of Wu, Sun Quan 孫權 (r. 222-252). According to the → Sou shen ji 搜 神記, he once got hold of a peng hou 彭侯, a dog-like animal with a human face, and ate it. Jinlou zi 金樓子, “Master of the Golden Tower” [6] Lost Liang 梁 dynasty book on miscellaneous topics. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書 經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Emperor Yuan 元 of Liang (→ Liang Yuan di 梁元帝), i.e., Xiao Yi 蕭繹, who referred to himself as Jin lou zi. 10 juan, 15 chapters. The book contains the author’s own notes and thoughts, famous sayings of other people, behavioral instructions, historical facts and events, stories about supernatural things, common knowledge, and much more. Many of the Zhou 周 and Qin 秦 sources quoted in the Jinlou zi are otherwise unknown. The book was lost by Ming 明 times, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” and other books. A reconstructed version in 6 juan and 14 chapters exists. LSZ cites the work second hand from other books in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Jinzhi 進之 → Wang Haogu 王好古 Jipu 亟普 → Hanpu 函普 Jiu ben 舊本 → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草 Jiu ding shen dan jing 九鼎神丹經 → Jiu ding shen dan mi jue 九鼎神丹秘訣 Jiu ding shen dan mi jue 九鼎神丹秘訣, “Secret Instructions on the divine Elixirs of the Nine Tripods” This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Huang di jiu ding shen dan jing jue 黃帝九鼎 神丹經訣, “Secret Instructions on the Classic of the Divine Elixirs of the Yellow Thearch’s Nine Tripods,” a Daoist alchemical text. FE Dao zang mu lu xiang zhu 道藏目錄詳註, “Detailed Annotations to the Table of Contents of the Daoist Tripitaka.” Supposedly narrated by Gu Gangzi 孤剛子. DC Tang 唐 or earlier. 10 juan (AV 20 juan). The book records various kinds of alchemical techniques, including the method of “making six soils into one” (liu yi ni fa 六一泥法) or the method for “securing and benefiting the cinnabar furnace” (dan lu gu ji fa 丹爐固 濟法). It also describes properties, incompatibilities, and preparation methods of minerals used in Daoist alchemy, like cinnabar, saltpeter or rock salt. LSZ cites the book as Jiu ding shen dan mi jue [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and as Jiu ding shen dan jing 九鼎神丹經, “Classic of the Divine Elixirs of the Nine Tripods.”

239 Jiu gao 酒誥, “announcement on drunkenness” [1] Chapter in the Zhou shu 周書, “Documents of Zhou,” part of the → Shang shu 尚 書. The text is said to have been compiled by the Duke of Zhou (→ Zhou gong 周公). It proposes not to ingest wine regularly and not to consume it to intoxification. LSZ, in the wine (jiu 酒) section of the BCGM, refers to the text in connection with the dangers of drinking. Jiu ge 九歌, “Nine Songs” [1] Section of the → Chu ci 楚辭, generally assumed to have been compiled by → Qu Yuan 屈原. The → TJBC quotes a sentence from it, and LSZ takes this over in SE du ruo 杜若. Jiu huang 救荒 → Jiu huang ben cao 救荒本草 Jiu huang ben cao 救荒本草, “Materia Medica for Famine relief ” Materia dietetica for famine relief. FE Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “The Hundred Streams Bibliography.” Written by → Zhou Ding wang 周定王. DC 1406. 2 juan (AV 4, 8, or 14 juan). LSZ, following a mistake in Lu Jian’s 陸柬 preface in the 1555 edition, erroneously assigns the book to Zhou Ding wang’s son → Zhou Xian wang 周憲王, a mistake that was corrected in later editions of the BCGM. The text describes physical features, production, preparation methods, etc., of 414 substances that can be eaten in an emergency. LSZ cites the book as Jiu huang ben cao [27] and as Jiu huang 救荒, “Famine Relief,” [27], or labeling it with the author’s name as Zhou Ding wang (or in early editions Zhou Xian wang) [11]. Jiu ji 救急 → Jiu ji fang 救急方 Jiu ji fang 救急方, “recipes for rescue in Emergencies” Lost, anonymous Northern Song 宋 or pre-Song recipe collection. See bibliography of the BCGM. The → TJBC and the → ZLBC quote one recipe each. LSZ cites the Jiu ji fang [61] in his bibliographical sections and the main text without naming an author, and also refers to the work as Jiu ji 救急, “Rescue in Emergencies,” [4]. Out of all these quotations, however, only one can be traced back to the Jiu ji fang fragment in the ZLBC. The others might be references to different texts of the same name quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 and other books, and many have actually been taken from the → Ji jiu liang fang 急救良方. Jiu ji liang fang 救急良方, “Good recipes for rescue in Emergencies” [7] Lost, anonymous medical recipe book. EE BCGM. DC and size uncertain. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text. However, some of this material appears to have been taken from the → Ji jiu liang fang 急救良方, so Jiu ji liang fang might actually be a designation for that work. Jiu ji yi fang 救急易方, “Easy recipes for rescue in Emergencies” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by Zhao Jifu 趙季敷 (→ Zhao Shuwen 趙叔文). DC zheng tong 正統 reign period (1436-1449). 8 juan (current edition 2 juan). The text contains more than 200 recipes arranged by disease. In Ming times, there were many supplemented and revised editions of the

240 text. LSZ cites the work as Jiu ji yi fang [8] without indicating an author, but in the main text he refers to the work as Zhao Shuwen yi fang 趙叔文醫方, “Medical Recipes of Zhao Shuwen,” [1], using the style name of the author. Jiu san si fang 救三死方, “recipes for rescue from the Three Kinds of death” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty recipe book. EE → TJBC. Written by → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元. The book records the cures that the author underwent in 816 and 817 to be rescued from three dangerous diseases: “dry cholera” (gan huo luan 乾霍亂), “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣), and “pin-illness sores” (ding chuang 疔瘡). When citing it, the TJBC refers the text to Liu’s nickname Liu Liuzhou 柳柳州 twice but once to a Liuzhou jiu san si fang 柳州救三死方, “[Liu] Liuzhou’s Recipes for Rescue from the Three Kinds of Death,” compiled by → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. Possibly, Liu Yuxi had included the text into his → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, and therefore → Su Song 蘇頌 mentioned him as the author in the TJBC. LSZ cites the work second hand as Liuzhou jiu san si fang [2], taking over the attribution to Liu Yuxi in his main text, and as Jiu san si fang [2] by Liu Liuzhou. Jiu tian san qing 九天三清, “The Three Clarities of the Nine Heavens” [1] Three spirits revered in Daoism: the Yuanshi tianzun 元始天尊, “The Heavenly Honored of the Primordial Beginning” associated with the Yu qing 玉清, “[Realm of ] Jade Clarity,” the Lingbao daojun 靈寶道君, “Heavenly Honored of the Numinous Treasure,” associated with the Shang qing 上清, “[Realm of ] Highest Purity,” and the Taishang laojun 太上老君, “Elder Lord of the Great Loftiness,” associated with the Tai qing 太清, “[Realm of ] Great Clarity.” In SE lu gan shi 爐甘石, LSZ cites the → Tusu zhenjun 土宿真君 with a statement that the “three clarities of the nine heavens” revered the mineral calamine as a wonderful substance. Jiu yuan fang 究原方, “recipes [for use after] Investigating the Origin [of disease]” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Jiu yuan fang 究源方. Written by Zhang Song 張松, but mistakenly attributed to a Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” by LSZ. DC 1213. 5 juan. The author stressed the importance of investigating the roots of disease, thus the title. The book collected old and new recipes along with what the author considered proven lore. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the Bao qing ben cao zhe zhong 寶慶本草折 衷, “The Weighing of Opinions in the Bao qing Reign Period Materia Medica,” and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliography and, being mistaken about the authorship, quotes it as Wang shi jiu yuan fang 王氏究 源方, “Mr. Wang’s Recipes [for Use after] Investigating the Origin [of Disease],” [1], Wang shi fang 王氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Wang,” [1], or correctly as Jiu yuan fang 究原方 [3] in the main text. The real author Zhang Song, style name Maozhi 茂之, was an expert in pharmaceutics, who held some official posts during the jia ding 嘉定 reign period (12081224). Apart from the Jiu yuan fang he also compiled a Ben cao jie yao 本草節要, “Extracted Essentials of Materia Medica.”

241 Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九籥衛生方, “recipes to Protect Life from the Nine Palace Gates” Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄 解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Jiu yue wei sheng 九籥衛生, “Protecting Life at the Nine Palace Gates.” Written by → Zhao Shiyu 趙士紆. DC xuan he 宣和 reign period (1115-1119). 3 juan. The → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 lists the title and cites a recipe from it. LSZ takes this over as Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九籥衛生方 [1] in his main text but incorrectly writes Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九龠衛生方, “Recipes of the Nine Flutes to Protect Life,” [1] in his bibliographical sections. He also refers to the author as Zhao Shiyan 趙士衍 instead of Zhao Shiyu. Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九龠衛生方 → Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九籥衛生方 Jiu zhen jing 九真經, “Classic of the Nine Perfected Ones” [1] Lost, anonymous Daoist book. EE Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL). DC probably Liang 梁 or before. The book is cited in Daoist books such as → Zhen gao 真誥 and the Yun ji qi qian 雲笈七籤, “Seven Slips from a Book Chest of Clouds.” → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 refers to this book in a comment on the stone qing lang gan 青 琅玕, and LSZ takes this over in his main text. Jiu zhen lun 九針論 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Jiu zhou ji 九州記, “record of the Nine regions” [1] Lost geographical text from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. EE → Chu xue ji 初學記. AN there Jiu zhou lun 九州論, “Discourse on the Nine Regions.” Written by → He Yan 何晏. Fragments are found in the Chu xue ji, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. The → ZLBC lists the work as Jiu zhou lun, and LSZ copies this bibliographical entry as Jiu zhou ji but does not cite the book in his main text. Jiuchou 九疇 → Ma Jiuchou 麻九疇 Ju fang 局方 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 Ju fang fa hui 局方發揮, “Elaborations on recipes from the [Pharmaceutical] Bureau” [2] Medical theory book. FE Si ku quan shu zong mu 四庫全書總目, “General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.” Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. DC 14th century. 1 juan. Zhu Zhenheng attempted to elucidate the medical recipes provided by the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方, which, in his opinion, failed to differentiate disease causes and the flexible applications of treatment strategies. In the Ju fang fa hui, Zhu emphasizes methods of nourishing yin and subduing fire while warning against warm supplementation with hot and drying medicinals. LSZ mentions the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Ju jia bi yong 居家必用, “Obligatory Household affairs” Anonymous encyclopedia of household sciences. FE Si ku quan shu zong mu 四庫全書總目, “General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four

242 Branches of Literature.” AN Ju jia bi yong shi lei quan ji 居家必用事類全集, “Categorized Complete Collection of Obligatory Household Issues.” DC c. late 13th century. 10 collections (arranged according to heavenly stems). The book covers subjects like education of children, filial piety, rituals of initiation, marriage, and funerals, gardening, farming and weather prognostication, food and drink, maxims for government officials, life preservation, and medicine. The ji 己 and geng 庚 collections especially include material on diet and life cultivation. LSZ cites the book as Ju jia bi yong [3] and as Ju jia bi yong fang 居家必用方, “Obligatory Household Recipes,” [1], entering both titles into his bibliographical sections. He also refers to the work as Bi yong shi zhi fang 必用食治方, “Obligatory Dietetic Recipes,” [1] and as Bi yong 必用, “Obligatory,” [1]. He also cites the → Bao huo bian yi 寶貨辨疑 and the → Gui ge shi yi 閨閣事宜 contained in the encyclopedia as separate books. Ju jia bi yong fang 居家必用方 → Ju jia bi yong 居家必用 Ju lu 橘錄, “Tangerine records” Southern Song 宋 book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Yong jia ju lu 永嘉橘錄, “Tangerine Records of the Yong jia Reign Period.” Written by → Han Yanzhi 韓 彥直. DC 1178. 3 juan. Juan 1 and 2 describe eight types of gan 柑 fruit, one type of cheng 橙 fruit, and 18 types of ju 橘 fruit. The last juan discusses cultivation methods. LSZ cites the text erroneously as Ju pu 橘譜, “Tangerine Treatise” [6]. Ju pu 菊譜, “Chrysanthemum Treatise” [6] Name of three different essays. LSZ lists all three in his bibliographical sections referring them to the respective author but does not distinguish them in his main text:  Northern Song 宋 text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Liu shi ju pu 劉氏菊譜, “Chrysanthemum Treatise of Mr. Liu.” Written by → Liu Meng 劉蒙 (erroneously referred to as Liu Mengquan 劉蒙泉 by LSZ). DC 1104. 1 juan. This is the earliest Chinese specialized monograph on the chrysanthemum. The first part of the text provides a critical overview of ancient and contemporary statements on the subject, the second part gives information on quality criteria like color, fragrance, and appearance, and the third describes 35 varieties and their characteristics. Most of these varieties were indigenous to the central plains of China and were found in the gardens of Luo yang 洛陽.

 Southern Song text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Shi shi ju pu 史氏菊譜, “Chrisanthemum Treatise of Mr. Shi.” Written by → Shi Zhengzhi 史正志. DC 1175. 1 juan. The text records 27 kinds of chrysanthemums, distinguishing between plants that drop their flowers and those that do not.

 Southern Song text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Fan cun ju pu 范村菊譜, “Treatise on Chysanthemums from the Fan [Family’s] Village.” Written by →

243 Fan Chengda 范成大. DC 1186. 1 juan. The “Fan family’s village” (Fan cun 范村) was the name of the Fan family’s estate. The text describes 35 varieties of chrysanthemum grown in their gardens. Ju pu 橘譜 → Ju lu 橘錄 Ju you wu mei zan 菊有五美贊, “Eulogy of the Five Beauties of Chrysanthemums” [1] This is the Ju hua fu 菊花賦, “Rhapsody on the Chrysanthemum,” a Three Kingdoms period fu 賦. Written by → Zhong Hui 鍾會. The poem describes the appearance and beauty of chrysanthemums. It is preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, from which LSZ takes the material he cites in SE ju 菊. Juan you lu 倦游錄, “records of Weary Wanderings” [9] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Juan you za lu 倦游雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Weary Wanderings,” a collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Attributed to → Zhang Shizheng 張師正 but possibly written by the Northern Song 宋 writer Wei Tai 魏泰, who might have assumed Zhang’s name. DC yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085). 12 juan (AV 8 juan). The book contains a variety of literary quotations and anecdotes. The title refers to dissatisfaction with not having fulfilled one’s ambitions in an official career. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but the story he relates about → Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒 is definitely not from the Juan you lu. Instead, it was probably taken from the → You huan ji wen 游宦紀聞. Jun guo zhi 郡國志, “Treatise on Commanderies and States” [2] Name of a book. Possibly EE → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , which contains a treatise called Jun guo zhi on geography and government affairs of the states (guo 國) and commandaries (jun 郡) and of the Chinese Empire. Later, Tang 唐 and Song 宋 bibliographies list many other books of the same name, all of which are now lost. LSZ lists a Jun guo zhi in his bibliographical sections but does not name an author. He also quotes one fragment in the main text, maybe quoting second hand from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, which cites the same material but also fails to specify its source. It thus remains uncertain which Jun guo zhi exactly LSZ is referring to. Jun ling ji yao 俊靈機要, “Crucial Points of the Eminent and Numinous” Probably lost Ming 明 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Lu Zhigang 魯至剛. The text is a miscellaneous record of things. LSZ seems to cite the book from the original text as Jun ling ji yao [3] and using the author’s name only, Lu Zhigang [3]. Jun pu 菌譜, “Mushroom Treatise” [5] Southern Song 宋 monograph on mushrooms, the first of its kind in Chinese history. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Chen Renyu 陳仁玉. DC 1245. 1 juan. The book describes eleven varieties of mushrooms that were grown in the author’s home area. It details their shapes, colors, and flavors, production

244 areas, and times of harvest. The last part of the work is devoted to methods for counteracting mushroom poisoning. Jun wang Zilong 郡王子隆, “Commandery Prince Zilong” [1] This is Xiao Zilong 蕭子隆, the Southern Qi 齊 prince of Sui jun 隨郡, the eighth son of emperor → Qi Wu di 齊武帝, fl. 2nd half of the 5th century. Style name Yunxing 雲興. According to the → Nan Qi shu 南齊書, he was heavily overweight and took “pills with lü ru” (lü ru wan 䕡茹丸) to lose weight. LSZ cites this in SE lü ru 䕡茹.

-KKai bao 開寶 → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, “Materia Medica of the Kai bao reign Period” Lost CMM. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by → Liu Han 劉翰, → Ma Zhi 馬志, and nine others, including the Han lin 翰林 Academy scholar and later Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) → Lu Duoxun 盧多遜, as Kai bao xin xiang ding ben cao 開寶新 詳定本草, “Newly Detailed and Definitive Materia Medica of the Kai bao Reign Period.” DC 973. The following year the work was revised by Ma Zhi, Liu Han, → Li Fang 李昉, and others, to produce the Kai bao chong ding ben cao 開寶重定 本草, “Revised Materia Medica of the Kai bao Period.” Both books are generally known as the Kai bao ben cao. 20 juan plus a 1 juan table of contents. The book uses the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 as its basis and draws on other materia medica works such as the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 for comparison. 133 monographs were added, and the old practice of the use of vermilion and black characters to designate original → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 and → MYBL passages was changed to a pattern of white and black. The original works are lost, but the entire text of the Kai bao ben cao was copied into the → ZLBC, from which the text is quoted by LSZ as Kai bao ben cao [35], as Kai bao 開寶, “Kai bao Reign Period,”[422] (sometimes labeled Song 宋 or Ma Zhi 馬志), or referring to the names of the two main editors, i.e., Ma Zhi [22], Zhi 志 [145], or Liu Han [1]. Kai he ji 開河記, “record of Opening the Canal” Lost Tang 唐 or Song 宋 dynasty book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Sui Yang di kai he ji 隋 煬帝開河記, “Record of Opening the Canal During the Time of Emperor Yang of Sui.” Author uncertain (sometimes attributed to Han Wo 韓偓 of the Tang dynasty). The book details the construction of the Grand Canal ordered by → Sui Yang di 隋煬帝 and administered by → Ma Shumou 麻叔謀.The book also contained a report of Ma Shumou contracting a disease and being cured by the imperial physician → Chao Yuanfang 巢元方. This is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛 and other books. LSZ cites the story second hand, referring to the work

245 as Sui Yang di kai he ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Kai he ji [1] in the main text. Kai shan tu 開山圖 → Dun jia Kai shan tu 遁甲開山圖 Kai yuan guang ji fang 開元廣濟方, “recipes for Extensive assistance of the Kai yuan reign Period” Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Compiled under the aegis of Li Longji 李隆基 (→ Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗). DC 723. 5 juan. The book records commonly used recipes from Tang times. The original text is lost, but extensive fragments survive in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the work second hand as Kai yuan guang ji fang [2], as Guang ji fang 廣濟方, “Recipes for Extensive Assistance,” [19], and as → Guang ji 廣濟 [3]. Kai yuan huang di 開元皇帝 → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 Kai yuan tian bao yi shi 開元天寶遺事, “Forgotten Matters of the Kai yuan and Tian bao reign Periods” Lost Five Dynasties period collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Tian bao yi shi 天寶遺事, “Forgotten Matters of the Tian bao Reign Period.” Compiled by Wang Renyu 王仁裕. 4 juan, 159 headings. The author once served the state of Shu 蜀 at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. After the fall of Shu, he moved to Chang an 長安 and recorded folk stories from the era of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756) to create the Kai yuan tian bao yi shi. The → ZLBC quotes a fragment of the book, and LSZ lists the book as Kai yuan tian bao yi shi [1] in his bibliographcial sections as well as citing two fragments as Tian bao yi shi [2] in his main text. Kan miu zheng su 刊謬正俗, “deleting Errors and rectifying Customs” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN originally Kuang miu zheng su 匡謬正俗, “Correcting Errors and Rectifying Customs.” Written by → Yan Shigu 顔師古, completed by his son Yan Ting 揚庭. Presented at court in 651. 8 juan. The text attempts to correct misunderstandings about meaning and pronunciation of characters, but some errors concerning the determination of pronunciation remain. It also integrates investigations of the historical development of words as well as information on local products and institutions. The work became known as the Kan miu zheng su during the Song 宋 period due to avoidance of the Song founder’s name. Material from Yan’s text is quoted in the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, from which LSZ takes one fragment. He cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Kan shi yao yan 刊石藥驗 → Yao yan 藥驗 Kang Bo 康伯 [3] Pre-Northern and Southern Dynasties period person. The Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→

246 MYBL) mentions a “method of preparing fermented beans” (zhi chi fa 制豉法) associated with Kang Bo, stating that it was far superior to the oil of fermented beans (you chi 油豉) prevalent at the time of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. In SE da dou chi 大豆豉, LSZ states that Kang’s method of fermenting beans was documented in the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  and that Kang Bo was the person who had brought it with him from abroad. However, the extant Bo wu zhi neither mentions Kang Bo’s name nor any zhi chi fa. Kang daofeng 康道豐 [1] Northern Song 宋 Daoist, head of the Zhang ren guan 丈人觀, a Daoist temple on Qing cheng 青城 mountain. According to the → Jing xiao fang 經效方 , he was able to prepare a powder with mica to cure the myriad diseases. LSZ cites this second hand from the → ZLBC in SE yun mu 雲母. Kang Fengzi 康風子 [1] Jin 晉 or pre-Jin immortal mentioned in both the → Baopu zi 抱朴子  and the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳. LSZ cites the story of his transformation into an immortal after ingesting chrysanthemums in SE ju 菊. Kang yuzhi 康譽之 [1] Southern Song 宋 writer of ci 詞 poetry, fl. mid-12th century. The Si ku quan shu zong mu ti yao 四庫全書總目提要, “Index and General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature” gives his name as Kang Yuzhi 康與之. Style name Boke 伯可, Shuwen 叔聞, literary name Tuixuan 退 軒, “Withdrawing to the Pavilion.” A man of Hua zhou 滑州, now Hua xian 滑 縣 in He nan 河南. After the Jin 金 invasion, Kang relocated in Jia he 嘉禾, now Jia xing 嘉興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. A minion of prime minister Qin Hui 秦檜, he held some national and local posts but was removed to Qin zhou 欽州 after the death of Qin. Author of the → Zuo meng lu 昨夢錄. Kangchao 康朝 [1] This is Yao Kangchao 姚康朝, a Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Tingbin 廷賓, a man of Wu xing 吳興 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. In 1176 he served as governor of Xing hua 興化 (now Pu tian 莆田 in Fu jian 福建) and later as Grand Master for Court Service (chao feng dai fu 朝奉大夫). The → Yi shuo 醫説 relates a story of how he suffered from a “suspended obstruction-illness” (xuan yong 懸癰) that was cured by ingesting sweetwood. In SE gan cao 甘草, LSZ refers to Yao only by his given name Kangchao. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選 方 refers to a Lin pan yuan Kangchao 林判院康朝, “Supervisor Lin Kangchao,” which is probably an error. Kao gong ji 考工記, “records of the Investigation of Crafts” [9] Anonymous pre-Qin 秦 text on science and technology. The text is based on notes taken from official documents on craftsmanship from the state of Qi 齊 at the end of the Spring and Autumn period. During the Western Han 漢, it was entered into the Zhou guan 周官, “The Offices of Zhou,” (→ Zhou li 周禮) to substitute a lost section called Dong guan si kong 冬官司空, “Minister of Works in the Winter Office.” After the editing of Liu Xin 劉歆 (c. 50 BCE-23 CE), the

247 Zhou guan was called → Zhou li 周禮, therefore the Kao gong ji is later considered a section of this classic. Ke hua 客話 → Chao shi ke yu 晁氏客語 Kenqu 胥渠 → Yangcheng Kenqu 陽城胥渠 Kong anguo 孔安國 (died c. 105 BCE) [5] Western Han 漢 Confucian scholar, a descendant of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔 子). Style name Ziguo 子國, a man of Lu 魯 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Kong held a high post during the reign of → Han Wu di 漢武帝. He was the editor of the Gu wen shang shu 古文尚書, “Old Text Shang shu,” discovered in the wall of Confucius’ house and the founder of the associated school of thought. Kong is attributed a Shang shu Kong shi zhuan 尚書孔氏傳, “The Shang shu in the Tradition of Mr. Kong,” which Ming 明 and Qing 清 scholars consider a Jin 晉 dynasty forgery. LSZ was obviously not aware of this fact and lists the Shang shu Kong shi zhuan as Shang shu zhu shu 尚書注疏, “Annotations and Commentaries to the Shang shu,” by Kong Anguo. He refers to the work in his main text as → Shang shu 尚書 or under Kong’s name. Kong Fang 孔方 [1] Ming 明 period farm laborer. In 1525 he is said to have suddenly developed an abdominal swelling and distention, and after several months he gave birth from below the ribs in his flank to a lump of flesh. When this lump was cut open, a child emerged. LSZ cites this story from the → Xi qiao ye ji 西樵野記 in SE ren gui 人傀. Kong Fu 孔鮒 (264-208 BCE) [1] Late Qin 秦, early Han 漢 Confucian scholar from the State of Wei 魏. Style name Jia 甲. A descendant of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子), he participated in the rebellion against the Qin dynasty. Kong Fu is traditionally attributed the Kong cong zi 孔叢子, “The Kong [Family] Masters’ Anthology,” an attribution that has been proven to be false. LSZ refers the → Xiao er ya 小爾雅, a part of the Kong cong zi, to Kong. Kong Guang 孔光 (65 BCE-5 CE) [1] Western Han 漢 high official. Style name Zixia 子夏, a man of the state of Lu 魯, now Qu fu 曲阜 in Shan dong 山東. He held various high posts such as Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu ling 尚書令), Censor-in-chief (yu shi dai fu 御史大夫), and Counselor-in-chief (cheng xiang 丞相) and has a biography in the → Han shu 漢書. Late in his life he was granted a stick made of ling shou 靈壽 wood. LSZ cites this in SE ling shou mu 靈壽木. Kong Pingzhong 孔平仲 (1044-1111) [1] Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Yifu 毅父 (AV Yi fu 義甫), a man of Qing jian 清江, now Zhang shu 樟樹 in Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi 1065. He held various central posts and was the author of the Kong shi tan yuan 孔氏談苑, “The Mr. Kong’s Garden of Conversations,” the Xu shi shuo 續世説, “Sequel to the Tales of the World,” and the Heng huang 珩璜, “Jade Pendants.” LSZ cites a statement of his from an unidentified source in SE ru xiang 乳香.

248 Kong shi liu tie 孔氏六帖, “Six documents of Mr. Kong” [1] Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Sui chu tang shu mu 遂初堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Entering Seclusion.” Compiled by Kong Chuan 孔傳. 30 juan. The text was later combined with the Liu tie 六帖, “Six Documents,” of → Bai Juyi 白居易 to produce the → Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖. Kong Xian 孔羨 [1] High official of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Ziyu 子余, allegedly a 20th generation descendant of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子). Served in high court posts. According to the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, Kong Xian submitted a memorial to the throne in 225 informing that a Mrs. Wang 王, the wife of a man called → Qu Yong 屈雍 had given birth to a son from the area underneath her right armpit and above her lower abdomen. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Kong Xiu 孔休 [2] Early Eastern Han 漢 person, fl. during the reign of → Wang Mang 王莽 (r. 8-23). When Wang Mang heard of this man, he presented him with a valuable gift. Kong yingda 孔穎達 (574-648) [2] Sui 隋, early Tang 唐 Confucian scholar. Style name Chongyuan 沖遠, a man of Heng shui 衡水 in Ji zhou 冀州, now part of He bei 河北. During the early Sui dynasty, he was considered an expert on the classics and made Commandery Erudite (jun bo shi 郡博士) of He nei 河内, the area north of the Yellow River. Under the Tang, he likewise held high educational posts and compiled the Wu jing zheng yi 五經正義, “Correct Meanings of the Five Classics,” by imperial order. Kong is listed as one of the commentators in the Chun qiu Zuo shi jing zhuan ji jie 春秋左氏經傳集解, “Collected Explanations of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Classical Tradition of Mr. Zuo,” (→ Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu 春秋左傳注疏). He also edited an annotated version of the → Shi jing 詩經, the Mao shi zheng yi 毛詩正義, “Correct Meanings of the Mao Book of Songs,” (→ Shi shu 詩疏 ), using the → Mao shi 毛詩 and annotations by → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 as a basis. LSZ uses the general term → Shi jing zhu shu 詩經注疏 in his bibliographical sections to refer to the works of Kong Yingda and → Mao Chang 毛萇. Kong Zhiyue 孔志約 Tang 唐 dynasty high official. During the xian qing 顯慶 reign period (656-660), he assisted Su Jing 蘇敬 (→ Su Gong 蘇恭) and others in compiling the Xin xiu ben cao 新修本草, “Newly Revised Materia Medica,” (→ Tang ben cao 唐本 草) and wrote a preface to this work. LSZ quotes this, referring to Kong as Kong Zhiyue [1] and as Zhiyue 志約 [1]. Kong zi 孔子, “Master Kong” (551- 479 BCE) This is Confucius, philosopher, political scientist, and educator of the late Spring and Autumn period. Given name Qiu 丘, style name Zhongni 仲尼. LSZ cites

249 the → Kong zi jia yu 孔子家語, which contains material attributed to him, and in citing → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 refers the → Tuan xiang yao ci 彖象繇辭 writings of the → Zhou yi 周易 to Kong zi and King Wen 文 of Zhou 周 (→ Wen wang 文王), an attribution that is now considered a legend. In addition, he mentions various events and sayings associated with Confucius, referring to him as Kong zi [11], as → Xuan fu 宣父 [1], and as → Xuan sheng 宣聖 [1]. Kong zi jia yu 孔子家語, “School Sayings of Confucius” Early philosophical text, claiming to consist of material by Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子). FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Originally compiled by disciples of Confucius. 27 juan. The original text is lost, and the current version is a Three Kingdoms period forgery by → Wang Su 王肅, which nevertheless seems to contain some older material. DC 3rd century. 10 juan. This book is comprised of selected material on ancient social organization and customs from the Lun yu 論語, “Analects,” the → Zuo zhuan 左傳, the → Li ji 禮記, and other classical texts. Presented in the name of Confucius, it attacks the philosophy of → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄. LSZ cites the work as Kong zi jia yu [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He also quotes material related to Wang Su [1] from the → Bo wu zhi 博物志 . Kongming 孔明 → Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 Kou 寇 → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Kou Heng 寇衡 → Kou Ping 寇平 Kou Jia bu Han 寇賈輔漢, “[Mr.] Kou and [Mr.] Jia assist the Han” [1] Historical event. Kou is Kou Xun 寇恂 (died 36), an Eastern Han official and Marquis of Yong nu 雍奴. He offended another official called Jia Fu 賈復, who repeatedly sought to fight with Kou, but Kou avoided him. Later the issue was resolved through the intermediation of Liu Xiu 劉秀, so that Kou and Jia gave up their former enmity and both greatly assisted the Han ruling house. Kou jue 口訣, “rhymed Instructions” [4] Medical recipe book. EE → ZLBC. Attributed to → Sun Zhao 孫兆, the son of → Sun Yonghe 孫用和. Nowadays sometimes considered an abbreviation of the full title of the → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方 (AN Chuan jia mi bao mai zheng kou jue bing fang 傳家秘寶脈證口訣并方, “Secret and Precious Recipes and Rhymed Instructions on [Movements in the] Vessels and Disease Signs, Transmitted within the Family”). LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites the Kou jue second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Kou Ping 寇平 Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. 15th century. Style name Hengmei 衡美, a man of Song yang 嵩陽, now Deng feng 登封 in He nan 河南. Author of the → Quan you xin jian 全幼心鑒. LSZ erroneously refers to him as Kou Heng 寇衡[1]. Kou shi 寇氏 → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Kou shi ben cao 寇氏本草 → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義

250 Kou tianshi 寇天師, “Kou the Celestial Master” [1] Legendary immortal. Style name Qianzhi 謙之. Legend has it that he attained the Dao during the Later Wei 魏 dynasty. LSZ cites his name from the → Chang pu zhuan 菖蒲傳 in SE chang pu 菖蒲. Kou xiansheng 寇先生 → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Northern Song 宋 expert on pharmaceutics. Fl. early 12th century, exact life dates and native place unknown. Kou held some official posts that took him to many different places. Taking advantage of these travels, he collected extensive information on pharmaceutics. For more than 10 years he treated people and investigated the properties of medicinals, their preparation methods, harvesting, etc., to compile the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義. The work was presented at court in 1116, and the emperor was so impressed by the author’s diligent research that he awarded Kou with a medical post, making him responsible for the purchase and differentiation of pharmaceutical substances. LSZ refers to Kou as Kou Zongshi [58], Kou shi 寇氏, “Mr. Kou,” [54], as Kou xiansheng 寇先生, “Gentleman Kou,” [1], or simply as Kou 寇 [15]. Kou Zongshi ben cao 寇宗奭本草 → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義 Ku sun fu 苦筍賦 → Huang Shangu ji 黃山谷集 Kuan dong fu xu 款冬賦序, “Preface to the rhapsody on Coltsfoot” [1] Jin 晉 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Fu Xian 傅咸. The Kuan dong fu 款冬賦, “Rhapsody on Coltsfoot,” eulogized the beauty of kuan dong hua 款冬花 when its flowers open amidst ice and snow. The poem is preceded by some introductory sentences, hence the term xu 序, “preface.” It is quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄, and other texts, and LSZ takes a fragment over in SE kuan dong hua 款冬花. Kui zhou zhi 夔州志, “The Kui zhou Gazetteer” Chapter on local history. The material LSZ cites from such a text in SE jia yu 嘉 魚 is taken from the → Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志, juan 70, Kui zhou fu 夔 州府, “On Kui zhou Prefecture.” Kuixuan zi 窺玄子, “The Master that Peers into the darkness” Person of the Ming 明 dynasty or before. No details available. Author of the → Fa Tian sheng yi 法天生意. Kun shan xiao gao 崑山小稿, “Minor drafts from Kun shan” Ming 明 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by an otherwise unknown → Wu Yu 吳玉. Size and DC uncertain. LSZ lists the book as Kun shan xiao gao [1] in his bibliographical sections, referring it to Wu. He does not cite it directly in his main text but refers to a Bai fa bian 白髮辨, “Differentiation of Gray Hair,” [1] by Kunzhai Wu Yu 崑齋吳玉. Kunzhai 崑齋 [1] thus seems to be the literary name of Wu, while Bai fa bian might be an essay from the Kun shan xiao gao. Neither the book nor the author appear anywhere in the Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.” Kunzhai 崑齋 → Kun shan xiao gao 崑山小稿

251

-LLan shi bao jian 蘭室寶鑒, “Precious Mirror of the Orchid Chamber” [1] Lost, anonymous medical book. FE Sui chu tang shu mu 遂初堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Entering Seclusion,” Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” DC Song 宋. 20 juan. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 quotes a recipe for the treatment of dental fissure bleeding, which is cited second hand in the main text of the BCGM. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections, however. Lan shi jing yan fang 籣氏經驗方 → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方 Lan shi mi cang 蘭室秘藏, “Secret Treasures of the Orchid Palace” [7] Clinical text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Li Gao 李杲. DC c. 1251. 3 juan (according to LSZ 5 juan). The title is a reference to a numinous orchid chamber (ling lan zhi shi 靈蘭之室) mentioned in the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. According to LSZ, the text enlightens classics such as the Huang di su wen, the → Nan jing 難 經, or the → Mai jue 脈訣, as well as ben cao literature and theory and recipe texts on miscellaneous diseases. It is divided into 21 chapters arranged according to disease, with an emphasis on damage caused by improper diet and exhaustion and diseases associated with spleen and stomach. There are many new recipes carefully composed according to the principles of drug interaction. There is also one reference to a → Lan shi bao jian 蘭室寶鑒, but this is an entirely different book. Lan shuo 蘭説 → Cao lu ji 草廬集 Lang ye man chao 琅琊漫鈔, “Casual Notes from Lang ye” [2] Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Lang ye man chao 瑯 琊漫抄, “Casual Notes from Lang ye.” Written by Wen Lin 文林. 1 juan, divided into 48 passages. The book is a miscellaneous record of loose information and anecdotes and also contains some information on historical works and the classics. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. Wen Lin (1444-1498), style name Zongru 宗儒, jin shi 1472, was originally from Heng shan 衡山 but later moved to Chang zhou 長洲 in present-day Jiang su 江 蘇. He held some local offices in Nan jing 南京 and Wen zhou 溫州. Lang yi 郎顗 [1] Man of Eastern Han 漢. LSZ quotes material on Lang Yi concerning the storing of ice second hand from the → Chu xue ji 初學記. Lao pu fu 老圃賦, “rhapsody of the Elder Gardener” [2] Song 宋 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Hong Shunyu 洪舜俞. The poem is preserved in the → Shi wen lei jü 事文類聚, and LSZ cites it second hand in SE yin chen hao 茵陳蒿 and SE han cai 蔊菜 but does not list it in his bibliographical sections.

252 Lao zhai fang 勞瘵方, “recipes for Exhaustion-Illness with Consumption”  [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Gu zheng bing jiu fang 骨蒸病灸方, “Burning Methods for [the Treatment of ] Bone Steaming Disease,” a book on moxibustion techniques. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Cui Zhiti 崔知悌. AN Cui shi gu zheng fang 崔氏骨蒸方, “Mr. Cui’s Methods for [the Treatment of ] Bone Steaming.” DC Tang 唐. 3 juan. The book is listed in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM but is not cited in the main text.

 [1] Name of a book written by an otherwise unknown → Hu Yun’ao 胡雲翱. The fragment cited from this work mentions a recipe from the Ju fang 局方, “Official Recipes,” (→ He ji ju fang 和劑局方), so the text must have been written after the Northern Song 宋 dynasty Lao zi 老子, “The Venerable Master” [5]  Late Spring and Autumn Period thinker, traditionally considered the founder of Daoism and the author of the Dao de jing 道德經, “Classic of the Way and the Virtue,” (→ Lao zi 老子 ). Possibly a mythical figure or a synthesis of various historical figures. According to his biography in the → Shi ji 史記, Lao zi’s surname was Li 李, his given name Er 耳, his style name Boyang 伯陽, and his posthumous name Dan 聃, therefore he is often called Lao Dan 老聃. A man of Qu ren 曲仁 village in the state of Chu 楚, in the east of present-day Lu yi 鹿邑 in He nan 河南. According to this part of the biography, Lao zi was a contemporary of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子), whom the old Daoist provided with some instruction. It is said that after realizing that the Zhou 周 dynasty was on the decline, he departed westward and wrote the Dao de jing at a border pass following the request of a guard. The last parts of the biography associate him with either another contemporary of Confucius called Lao Lai zi 老萊子 or with a Grand Scribe (tai shi 太史) of Zhou called Dan 儋, who made a prophecy to Duke Xian 獻 of Qin 秦 129 years after Confucius’ death in 350 BCE.

 Daoist classic. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Dao de jing 道德經, “Classic of the Way and Virtue,” De dao jing 德道經, “Classic of Virtue and the Way,” Lao zi wu qian wen 老子五千文, “The Five Thousand Character [Classic] of Lao zi.” Traditionally attributed to → Lao zi 老子 . The existing Lao zi was probably written during the middle Warring States Period and preserves the core of early Daoist thought. Still extant are annotated versions, e.g., one attributed to the legendary He shang gong 河上公, “Lord of the Riverside,” (Western Han 漢), which can be dated to the 3rd century CE, or one by → Wang Bi 王弼 from the State of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Le lang wei 樂浪尉, “The Commandant of Le lang” Legendary personage of the Three Kingdoms period. The Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Worms/Bugs, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs” (→ Shi yi shu 詩義疏) comments on the wei 鮪 fish: “Nowadays the people in Dong lai 東萊 and Liao

253 dong 遼東 call it wei yu 尉魚. Others call it zhong ming yu 仲明魚, Zhongming 仲明 was the Commandant of Le lang. He drowned in the sea and was transformed into a fish.” The Song 宋 author → Luo Yuan 羅願 states that wei 尉, “commandant,” is most likely a homophone writing error of wei 鮪. LSZ refers to this person as Le lang wei [1] and Zhongming [1] in SE xun yu 鱘魚. Le qing gai zhe 樂清丐者, “Beggar from Le qing” [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A beggar from Le qing 樂清 who, according to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, transmitted the recipe for a very effective “withdrawal powder” (qun xun san 逡廵散) to treat “wind toothache” (feng ya tong 風牙痛). One Bao Ziming 鮑子明 (→ Bao Jiming 鮑季明) was cured by it. Lei 雷  → Lei gong 雷公 

 → Lei Xiao 雷斅 Lei bian 類編, “Categorized Compilation” [12] Abbreviation for the Yijian zhi lei bian 夷堅志類編, “Categorized Compilation of the Records of Yijian,” a Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆 記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by Chen Yu 陳昱 (→ Chen Rihua 陳日 華). Chen took the poetry, prose, and medical recipes from the → Yijian zhi 夷 堅志 of → Hong Mai 洪邁 and reorganized the original text according to these categories, thus the title. The original book is lost, but 28 fragments are found in the → Yi shuo 醫説 of → Zhang Gao 張杲 , who cites the work as Lei bian rather than by its full title. Accordingly, LSZ lists the book by this abbreviation in his bibliographical sections without indicating an author. In the main text he cites material second hand from the Yi shuo. Lei cong 類從, “Organized by Categories” [1] Title of a book, possibly an abbreviation for the → Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應 類從志. Still, the origin of the passage LSZ cites in SE bie 鱉 cannot be ascertained. Lei cong xiang gan zhi 類從相感志 → Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志 Lei gong 雷公  [2] The “Lord of Thunder,” a legendary Chinese god of thunder and lightning.  [17] Honorific title of → Lei Xiao 雷斅, author of the → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論

 An ancient sage of Chinese medicine appearing in the → Huang di su wen 黃 帝素問 in discussion with the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ). During the Ming 明 dynasty, this ancient Lei gong was often conflated with Lei Xiao, but LSZ makes a clear distinction between the two. LSZ quotes two (or three) books that associate their contents with the name of Lei gong: (a) Two books called → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對, the newer of which was written by → Xu Zhicai 徐之才. Fragments of the older one are found in the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Mate-

254 ria Medica,” (→ MYBL) of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, who states that both the ancient Lei gong as well as the legendary → Tong jun 桐君  compiled a Yao dui 藥對, “Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances.” He considers them the earliest people to compile pharmaceutical literature and in this context refers to them together as Tong 桐 and Lei 雷 [2].

(b) The → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 frequently quotes Lei gong [75] in connection with a medical text which must be from the Han 漢 dynasty or earlier. LSZ claims that this is a reference to the ancient → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對 , but Song and pre-Song writers do not make this connection. Lei gong pao zhi 雷公炮炙 → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論 Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論, “Lei gong’s discourse on Pharmaceutical Processing” CMM. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi hou zhi 郡齋讀書志後志, “Supplementary Treatise to the Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN Lei gong pao zhi 雷公炮炙,“Lei gong’s Pharmaceutical Processing [Methods],” Lei Xiao pao zhi fang 雷斅炮炙方, “Lei Xiao’s Pharmaceutical Processing Methods,” Lei Xiao pao zhi lun 雷斅炮炙論, “Lei Xiao’s Discourse on Pharmaceutical Processing.” Attributed to → Lei Xiao 雷斅. DC Liu Song 劉宋 or Sui 隋 dynasties. 3 juan. While the Jun zhai du shu zhi dates the book to the Liu Song dynasty, → Su Song 蘇頌, author of the → TJBC, considers it a Sui work. The former dating is accepted by LSZ, who distinguishes Lei Xiao from the → Lei gong 雷公  mentioned in the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. Some modern researchers even consider the Lei gong pao zhi lun a Tang 唐 dynasty text, but since the pre-Tang Wu zang fang 五藏方, “Recipes for the Five Long-Term Depots,” already mentions one Lei gong as an expert for pharmaceutical processing, this is unlikely. The original Lei gong pao zhi lun held 300 monographs, which are now lost. Some scattered fragments are found in the Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本 草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying,” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草), the TJBC, and other works, and the → ZLBC contains a rather large amount of quotations. LSZ considered the book’s material on pharmaceutical qualities, processing, and cooking methods profound but difficult to understand, and he felt that the text consisted of a variety of ancient material rather than the ideas of one single person. Like previous authors, he considered a person called → Qian ning Yan xiansheng 乾寧晏先生 a major source for the book. The methods of pharmaceutical processing described are related to Daoist alchemical methods, which makes them rather complicated and not entirely suited for medical usage. The BCGM quotes the text from the ZLBC and refers to the text as Lei gong pao zhi lun [15], Lei Xiao pao zhi lun [21], Lei Xiao pao zhi 雷斅炮炙, “Lei Xiao’s Pharmaceutical Processing,” [9], Lei shi pao zhi lun 雷氏炮炙論, “Mr. Lei’s Pharmaceutical Processing Methods,” [5], Lei gong pao zhi [2], Pao zhi lun 炮炙論, “Discourse on Pharmaceutical Processing,” [18], Pao zhi 炮炙, “Pharmaceutical Processing,” [2], or by the author’s name, i.e., as Lei Xiao [30], Xiao 斅 [305], Lei shi 雷氏, “Mr. Lei,” [13], or simply Lei 雷 [12].

255 Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對, “Lei gong’s Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances” Name of two lost CMM. In spite of distinguishing between two versions of a Lei gong yao dui [2] in his introductory sections, LSZ mixes up the origins of the numerous second hand quotations in his main text. He refers material from either book to the newer text by → Xu Zhicai 徐之才, labeling them Xu Zhicai [12], Zhicai 之才 [206], Yao dui [18] of Xu Zhicai, or simply Yao dui [6].  FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Yao dui 藥對, “Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances.” Attributed to → Lei gong 雷公 . DC Han 漢 or before. 2 juan. The text categorized pharmaceuticals, describing their pharmaceutical properties and interactions. In the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, in between the large characters of the original MYBL and the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, and the small character annotations by Tao, we find another kind of small character notes describing drug interactions like mutual synergies, antagonisms, counteractions, incompatibilities, and avoidances. In his preface, Tao claims to have taken this type of information from a text called Yao dui, which is probably the ancient Lei gong yao dui. LSZ, however, mistakenly refers all his material on drug interactions to the later → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對  of Xu Zhicai, although some of it actually goes back to the earlier Yao dui quoted by Tao Hongjing. In his introductory sections he states that the original author of the Lei gong yao dui is the → Lei gong 雷公 (3b)) referred to in the third century → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草, thus he considers the Lei gong in the Wu Pu ben cao an abbreviated title of the ancient Lei gong yao dui.

 FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Yao dui. Written by → Xu Zhicai 徐之才. DC 6th century. 2 juan. The bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 states: “The Yao dui was written by Xu Zhicai. It classified and recorded the names and categories, ranks, synergies, properties and toxicities, interactions, and applications of the various pharmaceuticals. It consists of 2 juan in all. Many early materia medica texts are based on this book. Its discussions of treatment and pharmaceutical application are very detailed.” All the Yao dui quotes in the Jia you ben cao were taken from Xu’s text. LSZ regards Xu’s Yao dui as an expansion of the ancient → Lei gong yao dui 雷 公藥對  with Lei gong as the original author. He incorrectly refers all the material on drug interactions from a Lei gong yao dui quoted in the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) to Xu Zhicai, even though it is evident that Tao Hongjing himself quoted this material from earlier sources, most probably the ancient → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對 . He also mixes up the original sources of his second hand quotations from the Jia you ben cao, referring material that actually goes back to Xu Zhicai as cited in the Jia you ben cao to the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 of →

256 Chen Cangqi 陳藏器, or referring material to Xu that the Jia you ben cao refers to the Ben cao shi yi. Lei shi 雷氏 → Lei Xiao 雷斅 Lei shi pao zhi lun 雷氏炮炙論 → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論 Lei Shixian 雷世賢 [1] Southern Song 宋 official, served in various military posts between 1178 and 1190. The → Yi shuo 醫説 reports his preference for consuming alchemical drugs (dan yao 丹藥) which kept him free of illness. LSZ cites this in SE shi zhong ru 石 鍾乳. Lei shu 雷書, “Thunder documents” [5] Lost book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Author and DC unknown. The book records information about things connected with thunder, e.g., lines created on the ground by strokes of lightning, which were commonly called lei shu. The book does not appear in any other bibliography, and no copies of any such book survive. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. Lei shu 類書, “Book of Categories” [3] General name for encyclopedias. When LSZ cites Lei shu, this title does not refer to any specific book but to a class of literature consisting of reference books with material taken from different sources and arranged according to categories. Lei shuo 類説, “Categorized Stories” [4] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小説). Compiled by Zeng Zao 曾慥 (→ Zeng Duanbo 曾端伯). DC 1136. 60 juan. The book collects brush note stories from Han 漢 times and later. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. He also quotes other works second hand from it. Lei Xiao 雷斅 Liu Song 劉宋 or Sui 隋 dynasty author of the → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公 炮炙. Sometimes respectfully referred to as “Lord Lei” (→ Lei gong 雷公 ). According to the Jun zhai du shu zhi hou zhi 郡齋讀書志後志, “Supplementary Treatise to the Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study,” Lei Xiao called himself Orthodox Lord who at the Center Seeks to Maintain the Peace of the Empire (nei jiu shou guo an zheng gong 內究守國安正公). LSZ refers to Lei as Lei Xiao [60], Xiao 斅 [305], Lei shi 雷氏, “Mr. Lei,” [18], simply as Lei 雷 [12], or as Lei gong [17]. Lei Xiao pao zhi lun 雷斅炮炙論 → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論 Lei yao 類要 → Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要 Lei yao fang 類要方 → Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要 Lei yuan 類苑, “Categorized Garden” [1] Abbreviated title of the Shi shi lei yuan 事實類苑, “Categorized Garden of Historical Facts,” a Southern Song 宋 book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN originally

257 Huang chao shi shi lei yuan 皇朝事實類苑, “Categorized Garden of Historical Facts at the Imperial Court.” Written by Jiang Shaoyu 江少虞. DC 1158. Extant edition 63 juan. The book is an account of government activities during the Song dynasty. LSZ does not list this book in his bibliographical sections and only uses the abbreviation Lei yuan in SE luan fa 亂髮, apparently taking his material from the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談. Leng yan jing 楞嚴經, “Shurangama Sutra” [4] Abbreviated title of a Buddhist sutra, one of the most important scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism. The complete name is the Da fo ding ru lai mi yin xiu zheng liao yi zhu pu sa wan xing shou leng yan jing 大佛頂如來密因修證了義諸 菩薩萬行首楞嚴經, “The Summit of the Great Buddha, the Final Meaning of Verifications Through Cultivation of the Secret Cause of the Tathagata, and the Shurangama Sutra of the Ten-Thousand Practices of All Bhodhisattvas.” AN Shou leng yan jing 首楞嚴經, “Shurangama Sutra.” Various translators suggested. Translated early 8th century. 10 juan. LSZ cites a Leng yan jing in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating a translator. There is also an older Shou leng yan san mei jing 首楞嚴三昧經, “Shurangama Samadhi Sutra,” translated by Kumarajiva during the Later Qin 秦 dynasty, but it seems unlikely that LSZ used this text for the following reasons: Two of the three fragments cited by LSZ can be found in the Shou leng yan jing, while one is found in neither that work nor the Shou leng yan san mei jing. The material quoted, however, seems similar to the former text rather than the latter. None of the fragments cited appear in other works, so LSZ probably used the original text. Li 禮 → Li ji 禮記 Li 李 → Li fang yu 李防禦 Li anqi 李安期 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, an acquaintance of → He Shouwu 何首烏. He is said to have stolen He’s pharmaceutical recipe. After ingesting it, he achieved longevity as well and told the story of He Shouwu. Li ao 李翱 (772-841) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty writer. Style name Xizhi 習之, a man of Chengji 成紀 in Long xi 隴西 in present-day Gan su 甘肅 (AV from Zhao jun 趙郡). Jin shi 798. He held various high central and regional offices and was a disciple of the philosopher → Han Yu 韓愈, the initiator of the old text (gu wen 古文) movement. Li was the author of a literary collection, the Li Wengong ji 李文公集, “Collection of Li the Literary Lord,” and of the → He shou wu zhuan 何首烏傳. His name is sometimes associated with the → Zhuo yi ji 卓異記, but this is probably a textual error. Li Bai 李白 (701-762) Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Taibai 太白, literary name Qinglian jushi 青 蓮居士, “Retired Scholar of the Green Lotus.” His ancestors came from Cheng ji 成紀 in present-day Gan su 甘肅, but at the end of the Sui 隨 apparently lived in the area of present-day Kirghizistan. As a boy, Li followed his father to Chang

258 long 昌隆 in Mian zhou 綿州, now Jiang you 江油 in Si chuan 四川. A bibacious character but nevertheless a gifted poet, he was appointed to the Han lin 翰林 Academy during the tian bao 天寶 reign period (742-756). He was noted for his highly original poetry with rich imagery. There is poetry collection of his called → Li Taibai ji 李太白集, and LSZ cites this, referring to Li as Li Taibai 李太白 [3] and in → Li Bai shi zhu 李白詩注 as Li Bai [1]. Li Bai shi zhu 李白詩注, “annotation to a Poem by Li Bai” [1] Abbreviation for the Li Taibai ji fen lei bu zhu 李太白集分類補注, “Supplemented and Annotated, Categorized Collection of Li Taibai,” a Yuan 元 dynasty commentated edition of the → Li Taibai ji 李太白集 by Xiao Shiyun 蕭士贇. Xiao cites a commentary on → Li Bai’s 李白 poem Yong lin nü dong chuang an shi liu 詠鄰女東牕海石榴, “Singing at the Pomegranate Tree Near the Woman’s Eastern Window,” in one of his annotations, and LSZ takes this over in SE hai hong 海紅. Similar material is found in the earlier → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰 宇記 without any mention of Li Bai’s name. Li Baochen zhuan 李寶臣傳, “Biography of Li Baochen” [1] Biography from the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Li Baochen 李寶臣 (718-781), originally called Zhang Zhongzhi 張忠志, was a general of Fan yang 範陽 and a follower of An Lushan 安祿山 during the latter’s rebellion against the Tang. After the abatement of the rebellion, Zhang Zhongzhi was allowed to retain his command and after some meritorious service to the Tang received the name Li Baochen. In 781, he was poisoned by a sorcerer with a drink containing wu tou 烏頭. The → ZLBC’s wu tou monograph cites the story, and its bibliographical sections list a Tang Baochen zhuan 唐寶臣傳, “Biography of [Li] Baochen of the Tang.” LSZ changes this into Li Baochen zhuan in his own bibliographical sections but does not actually cite the story. Li Baozhen 李抱真 (733-794) Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Originally surnamed An 安, style name Taixuan 太玄 (AV Taiyuan 太元). A man of He xi 河西, the area west of the Yellow River. He served in many high local and central posts such as Minister of Works (si kong 司空) and was therefore called Li xiang 李相, “Minister Li.” Li successfully launched counter-attacks against rebel forces. In his later years he was given to taking alchemical drugs and died of cinnabar poisoning. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 relates a story witnessed by → Cui Geishi 崔給事, stating that Li xiang struck a ball with a stick and injured his thumb. The pain ended after an external treatment with roasted onion had been applied. LSZ cites this story second hand in SE cong 蔥, referring to Li as Li Baozhen [1] and Li xiang [2]. Li Beihai 李北海 → Li Yong 李邕 Li Binhu 李瀕湖 → Li Shizhen 李時珍 Li bo shi 李博士, “Erudite Li” [1] This is the title of Li Jingkai 李景開, a late Northern Song 宋 scholar of Zhen zhou 真州, now Yi zheng 儀征 in Jiang su 江蘇. In 1123 he cured the grandson

259 of → Wu Qian 吳幵 of an illness. This is recorded in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百 一選方, but LSZ gives the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 as his source in SE bai fu zi 白附子. Li Boshi 李伯時 [1] This is the style name of Li Gonglin 李公麟, a Northern Song 宋 painter. Literary name Longmian jushi 龍眠居士, “Retired Scholar of Long mian.” A man of Long mian 龍眠 in Shu zhou 舒州, an area in present-day Tong cheng 桐城 in An hui 安徽. Jin shi during the yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1094), resigned from all official posts in 1100. Li was a talented painter and enjoyed collecting antiquities. He is the author of a Kao gu tu 考古圖, “Illustrations of How to Examine Ancient [Things].” During the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085), he obtained a recipe of → Chen Jingchu 陳景初 and renamed it “aristolochia powder” (tian xian teng san 天仙藤散). LSZ cites this in SE tian xian teng 天仙藤. Li Buque 李補闕 [3] Tang 唐 dynasty official. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要方 cites a Li Buque fu ru fa 李補闕服乳法, “Li Buque’s method of ingesting milk”, stating that it is identical with a method listed in the → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方. LSZ refers such a method to the Qian jin fang 千金方 “Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold,” (→ Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方), but neither the Qian jin fang nor the Qian jin yi fang as they are extant today include references to Li Buque. According to the Wai tai mi yao fang, Li Buque was active during the mid-Tang dynasty or earlier. Several persons of the same name are known to have lived during the Tang, so an exact identification is difficult. LSZ mentions him in SE shi zhong ru 石鐘乳. Li Chen 李臣 → Li Ya 李亞 Li chushi 李處士, “reclusive Scholar Li” [1] Person frequently mentioned in ancient literature. For example, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 mentions a Li chu shi of Tang 唐 times with superhuman abilities. In SE tai yang tu 太陽土, LSZ cites a Li chu shi as someone who knew of a method to ward off rats. Apparently, this was a shaman who lived sometime before the Ming 明 dynasty. Li cong shi 李從事, “retainer Li” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. A man of Hu nan 湖南, now Chang sha 長沙 in Hu nan. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, as quoted in the → TJBC, lists a single-ingredient recipe to treat injuries resulting from falling off a horse that Li had once used successfully himself. LSZ mentions him in SE dao 稻. Li dai zhi 李待制, “Edict attendant Li” Northern Song 宋 official. This is apparently Li Qiu 李璆, style name Ximei 西美, a man of Bian 汴, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南. Jin shi during the zheng he 政和 reign period (1111-1117). Stationed in Ling nan 嶺南 in 1131, he encountered many cases of malaria and in consequence wrote the Zhang nüe lun 瘴瘧論, “Discourse on Miasmatic Malaria,” which is preserved in the → Ling

260 nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方. LSZ quotes material on malaria from the latter text second hand, referring to Li as Li dai zhi [1]. He also refers to him as dai zhi 待制 [1] but erroneously connects this designation to the name → Li Tao 李燾 instead of Li Qiu. Li dangzhi 李當之 (3rd century) Famous medical scholar from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period, also written Li Dangzhi 李譡之. Li is said to have been a disciple of → Hua Tuo 華佗. He edited the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, but his edition had only a limited circulation. Li was the author of the → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄 and the → Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草 and became an authority for the → MYBL. LSZ cites fragments of Li’s lost works from the → ZLBC and other sources but does not always make clear which work of Li’s he is quoting from. He refers to him as Li Dangzhi [95], Dangzhi 當之 [24], and as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li” [4]. Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草, “Materia Medica of Li dangzhi” Lost pharmaceutical book. FE → Qi lu 七錄. Written by → Li Dangzhi 李當 之. AN Li Dangzhi ben cao 李譡之本草, “Materia Medica of Li Dangzhi.” DC Three Kingdoms period. 1 juan. This book held information on how to gather pharmaceuticals, how to determine their quality, on favorable interactions and avoidances, etc. The → Tang ben cao 唐本草 quotes numerous fragments of this book using the name of the book, while the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 only refers to the author’s name, leaving it uncertain which of Li Dangzhi’s books a quote is from (Li Dangzhi was also the author of a → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之 藥錄). LSZ cites the text as Li Dangzhi ben cao [5] and Li shi ben cao 李氏本草, “Mr. Li’s Materia Medica,” [1] in his main text but only lists the Li Dangzhi yao lu in his bibliographical sections. Quotations labeled Li Dangzhi or Dangzhi 當 之 may also include material from the Li Dangzhi ben cao. Li Dangzhi yao dui 李當之藥對 → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄 Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄, “Li dangzhi’s record of Pharmaceutical Substances” Lost pharmaceutical book. FE → Qi lu 七錄. Written by → Li Dangzhi 李當 之. AN Li Dangzhi yao lu 李譡之藥錄, “Li Dangzhi’s Record of Pharmaceutical Substances.” DC Three Kingdoms period. 6 juan. The Li Dangzhi yao lu contained information on alternative names of pharmaceutical substances, their appearance, etc. LSZ seems to have taken some of his material from the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 and the works of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. The → Shuo fu 説郛 also preserves one juan of the text. There is another lost text by Li, the → Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草. Later authors, including LSZ, did not always distinguish their sources when quoting fragments from Li Dangzhi’s works, so it is hard to determine which of the two texts they took their material from. Tao Hongjing, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and the Shuo fu cite a Li Dangzhi yao lu, the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 refers to a Li shi ben cao 李氏本草, “Mr. Li’s Materia Medica,” and → Wu Pu 吳普 labels some of his quotations Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li.” LSZ frequently cites Li Dangzhi’s works second hand from various sources,

261 labeling his material Li Dangzhi yao lu [14], Li shi yao lu 李氏藥錄, “Mr Li’s Record of Pharmaceutical Substances,” [2], Li shi ben cao [1], incorrectly Li Dangzhi yao dui 李當之藥對, “Li Dangzhi’s Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances,” [1], or referring to Li himself as Li Dangzhi [75] or Dangzhi 當之 [13]. Li daogu 李道古 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty military official, fl. 8th to 9th century. General of Jin wu 金吾. According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Li daonian 李道念 [3] Southern Qi 齊 person, a commoner from Wu jun 吳郡. During the jian yuan 建 元 reign period (479-482), he went to see → Chu Cheng 褚澄 because of some administrative task. When Chu saw him, he immediately knew that Li had an illness and cured it with a single-ingredient recipe. This story is documented in the → Nan shi 南史, and LSZ cites it twice in his main text. Li daoyuan 酈道元 (c. 470-527) [4] Northern Wei 魏 geographer and prose writer. Style name Shanchang 善長, a man of Zhuo xian 涿縣 in Fan yang 範陽, now Zhuo zhou 涿州 in He bei 河北. He served in the censorate and had a reputation for strictness in his application of law. Later he went to Guan you 關右 as an ambassador and was killed by Xiao Baoyan 蕭寶寅, governor of Yong zhou 雍州. Li was widely learned and took particular interest in the water courses and geographical features. Author of the → Shui jing zhu 水經注. Li Daoyuan zhu Shui jing 酈道元注水經 → Shui jing zhu 水經注 Li deyu 李德裕 (787-850) [4] Tang 唐 dynasty high official and writer. Style name Wenrao 文饒, a man of Zhao jun 趙郡, now Zhao xian 趙縣 in He bei 河北. Li held various high court posts and even became Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) in 833. He lost this post due to factional struggles between the Niu 牛 and Li 李 families. and was exiled to Ya zhou 崖州 in Hai nan 海南. He wrote a number of books including the Ci Liu shi jiu wen 次柳氏舊聞, “The Younger Mr. Liu’s Stories of the Past,” the Hui chang yi pin ji 會昌一品集, “Collection of a Rank-One-Official of the Hui chang Reign Period,” the → Hua mu ji 花木記, the essay → Huang ye lun 黃 冶論, and the Ping quan ju shan cao mu ji 平泉山居草木記, “Record of Herbs and Trees Seen Dwelling at Mount Ping quan,” (→ Ping quan cao mu ji 平泉草 木記). Li ding 李定 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A medical case history about → Shi Cangyong 石藏 用 recorded in the → Yi shuo 醫説 is said to have been transmitted by Li Ding. LSZ gives the → Han yuan cong ji 翰苑叢記 as his source in SE jiang lang 蜣螂. Li dongyuan 李東垣 → Li Gao 李杲 Li dou wei yi 禮斗威儀, “The Majestic Presence of the Big dipper in the Li ji” [2] Anonymous Eastern Han 漢 apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), one of the heterodox texts on the → Li ji 禮記. The original text is lost, but fragments are

262 preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and many other texts. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The material quoted was possibly taken from the Ming 明 dynasty Gu wei shu 古微書, “Book of Ancient Subtleties,” by Sun Kou 孫㲄. Li E 李娥 [1] Eastern Han 漢 person. A man of Chong xian 充縣 in Wu ling 武陵, now Chang de 常德 in Hu nan 湖南. According to the → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , Li died at the age of 60 in 199 CE but came back to life 14 days later. This anecdote was extended in the → Sou shen ji 搜神記 to a legend about → Fei Zhangfang 費長房 who had obtained a medicinal pill brought back from the underworld by Liu Bowen 劉伯文, a relative of Li E. Fei knew that the pill contained a substance called fang xiang nao 方相腦 (lit. “brain of the Fang xiang”, see → Fang xiang shi 方相氏). It was used for exorcistic purposes, but the ritual to apply it was not transmitted. LSZ mentions Li E in SE wang liang 罔兩. Li Fang 李昉 (925-996) [5] Northern Song 宋 minister. A man of Rao yang 饒陽 in Shen zhou 深州, now Heng shui 衡水 in He bei 河北, scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. Li assisted in the editing of the Kai bao chong ding ben cao 開寶重定本草, “Revised Materia Medica of the Kai bao Reign Period,” (→ Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草) and later was involved with other major Song publishing projects like the → Tai ping yu lan 天平御覽, the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, and the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記. LSZ reproduces special names that Li assigned to the five garden birds pheasant, egret, crane, peacock, and parrott. Li fang yu 李防禦, “defense Commander Li” Northern Song 宋 medical official. Personal name unknown. A man of Bian liang 汴梁, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南. According to the → Lei bian 類編 as quoted in the → Yi shuo 醫説, he served as physician in the inner quarters of the court. When the favorite concubine of → Song Hui zong 宋徽宗 developed a severe cough with phlegm, Li, uncertain how to treat it and threatened by the emperor with death if he failed to succeed, purchased a drug from an itinerant drug peddler and had the woman take it, whereupon she was cured. LSZ cites this story in SE bang 蚌, referring to Li as Li fang yu [1] and as Li 李 [3]. Li Gan 李干 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, also known as Li Yu 李于. Scholar at the Imperial Academy (tai xue 太學). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he used mercury to prepare a longevity drug. LSZ takes this over in SE shui yin 水銀. Li Gao 李杲 (1180-1251) Medical expert of the Jin 金 and Yuan 元 dynasties. Style name Mingzhi 明之, literary name Dongyuan 東垣, “Eastern Wall,” a man of Zhen ding 真定, now Zheng ding 正定 in He bei 河北. Li Gao was a disciple of → Zhang Yuansu 張 元素 and one of the major figures of the Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 medical currents. His principal works include the Nei wai shang bian huo lun 內外傷辨惑論, “Discourse Straightening Out Confusing Points on Internal and External Dam-

263 age,” (→ Bian huo lun 辨惑論), the → Pi wei lun 脾胃論, the → Yi xue fa ming 醫 學發明, and the → Lan shi mi cang 蘭室秘藏, all very influential books. He was also the author of the → Huo fa ji yao 活法機要. In addition, LSZ attributes the Shi xiao fang 試效方, “Tested Efficacious Recipes,” (→ Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方) and other texts on abscesses and ophthalmology to Li’s disciples, makes Li the author of a → Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象, and mistakenly assigns the → Ci shi nan zhi 此事難知 of → Wang Haogu 王好古 to him. LSZ thought highly of Zhang Yuansu and Li Gao. Apart from quoting his books by name, he refers to Li as Li Gao [75], as Gao 杲 [128], as Li Dongyuan 李東垣 [13], as Dongyuan [56], as Li Mingzhi 李明之 [2], as Mingzhi 明之 [2], or simply as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [11]. He also quotes some recipes as Dongyuan fang 東垣方, “Recipe of [Li] Dongyuan,” [3]. Because of this vast amount of citations, it is difficult to determine which of Li’s books is being referred to. Brief quotes on the functions of pharmaceutical substances labeled “Gao” can easily be distinguished as coming from the → Dongyuan zhen zhu nang 東垣珍珠囊, a book that was most probably not written by Li Gao at all. Li Gao 李高 [1] Song 宋 dynasty soldier. He once applied a “powder with purple gold” (zi jin san 紫金散) to close a wound of → Zhou chong ban yuan 周崈班縁. LSZ cites this in SE jiang zhen xiang 降真香. Li Guang’ou 李管勾 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty medical official, fl. 2nd half of the 13th century. → Luo Tianyi 羅天益 lists his “powder of the two immortals” (er xian san 二仙散) in the → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒, and LSZ takes it over in SE fan shi 礬石. Li Hanguang 李含光 (683-769) [6] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist and expert on pharmaceutics. A man of Guang ling 廣 陵 in Jiang du 江都, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He became a Daoist master in 705 and practiced at Mao shan 茅山, where he was called Xuanjing xiansheng 玄靖先生, “Gentleman of Profundity and Calmness.” Author of the → Ben cao yin yi 本草音義 . LSZ refers to him as Li Hanguang [6] and as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1]. Li Heng 李衡 [1] Official of the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Shuping 叔平, a man of Xiang yang 襄陽, now Xiang fan 襄樊 in Hu bei 湖北. During the reign of Sun Liang 孫亮 (r. 252-257) he served as governor (tai shou 太守) of Dan yang 丹陽. Once when he was stationed in Long yang 龍陽 county (now Han shou 漢壽 in Hu nan 湖南), he planted mandarin oranges in He zhou 河州 and called the trees his “wooden servants” (mu nu 木奴). LSZ cites this in SE gan 柑. Li hou 李后, “Empress Li” (1144-1200) [1] This is Li Fengniang 李鳳娘, wife of Emperor → Song Guang zong 宋光宗. Posthumously called Ziyi Li hou 慈懿李后, “Kind and Beautiful Empress Li,”

264 Because of a taboo on the use of her name, the herb feng xian hua 鳳仙花 was re-named to hao nü er hua 好女兒花. Li ji 禮記, “record of rites“ Confucian classic, one of the three ritual classics. AN Xiao Dai li ji 小戴禮記, “Record of Rites by Dai Junior.” Originally from the Warring States Period, the work was redacted by Dai Sheng 戴聖 during the Western Han 漢 dynasty. The current version was annotated by → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 of Eastern Han. 49 chapters. The book is a collection of descriptions of ritual matters from before Qin 秦 and Han times. The contents were transmitted from generation to generation among the followers of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子) and finally recorded in manuscripts. The work contains information on the social situation of the time, on Confucian doctrine, cultural products, and social institutions. LSZ cites the book as Li ji [48] and as Li 禮, “Rites,” [13]. In his bibliographical sections he merely lists the annotated version of Zheng Xuan as Li ji zhu shu 禮 記注疏, “Annotations and Commentary to the Li ji,” [1] and in the main text cites Zheng’s annotations as Li zhu 禮注, “Annotations to the Li [ji],” [2], as Li ji zhu 禮記注, “Annotations to the Li ji,” [1], and as Zheng Xuan zhu 鄭玄注, “Annotations of Zheng Xuan,” [2]. He also refers to individual chapters of the work, i.e., the expanded agricultural calendar → Yue ling 月令 , the Li yun 禮 運. “The Conveyance of Rites,” [1], Nei ze 內則, “Pattern of the Family,” [16], Qu li 曲禮, “Summary of the Rules of Propriety,”[4], and the Fang ji 坊記, “Record of Dykes,” [1]. There is also a slightly earlier Da Dai li ji 大戴禮記, “Record of Rites by Dai Senior,” in 85 chapters, compiled by Dai Sheng’s older relative Dai De 戴德. That work was superseded by Dai Sheng’s text and Zheng Xuan’s commentary, and its extant version is incomplete. LSZ does not cite this text directly but quotes the section → Xia xiao zheng 夏小正 and some words of Confucius’ disciple → Zeng zi 曾子 from it. Li Ji 李勣 (594-669) Tang 唐 general-in-chief (da jiang 大將). Originally called Xu Shiji 徐世勣, style name Maogong 懋功, he was later given the imperial surname Li 李 and was thus called Li Shiji 李世勣. In order to avoid the Tang founder’s name, this was turned into Li Ji. Li held several military posts and was made the Duke of the State of Ying 英 (Ying guo gong 英國公) for his services. Under Emperor Ren zong 仁宗, he held the position of Minister of Works (si kong 司空). According to the → ZLBC, Li also received the ashes of the beard trimmings of → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 himself as a special favor to cure him from an abscess. During the xian qing 顯慶 reign period (656-660), he was ordered to compile the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, which therefore became known as the Ying gong ben cao 英公本草, “Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying.” LSZ refers to him as Li Ji [3], as Li Shiji [1], as Ying guo gong [1], and as Ying gong 英公, “Duke of Ying,” [2].

265 Li ji shu 禮記疏 → Xiong shi li ji shu 熊氏禮記疏 Li ji yue ling 禮記月令 → Yue ling 月令  Li ji zhu 禮記注 → Li ji 禮記 Li ji zhu shu 禮記注疏 → Li ji 禮記 Li Jian 李建 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official; fl. 8th to 9th century. Vice Minister of Justice (xing bu shi lang 刑部侍郎). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Li Jiang 李絳 (764-830) Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Shenzhi 深之, a man of Zan huang 贊皇 in Zhao jun 趙郡, now part of He bei 河北. He passed the jin shi examinations and went on to hold high offices, including the post of Minister of War (bing bu shang shu 兵部尚書). He collected recipes and compiled the → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方, which was later edited by Xue Hongqing 薛弘慶. Li Jie 李捷 Ming 明 dynasty man. He once obtained a recipe to dissolve “smallpox poison” (dou du 痘毒) from → Xu Dusi 徐都司, which LSZ takes over, referring to Li as Li Jie [1] and possibly as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1]. Li Jin 李謹 (died 689) This is Li Shen 李慎, a Tang 唐 member of the imperial clan, son of → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗. His name is sometimes written Li Jin 李謹 due to a naming taboo. He held various posts and was enfeoffed as Prince of Ji ( Ji wang 紀王). The Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) has his biography. When Li Shen served in Cao zhou 曹州 as prefectural governor, a villager named Wang Fangyan 王方言 presented to him a multi-colored lin qin 林檎 fruit, i.e., crab apple. Li Shen passed it on to → Tang Gao zong 唐高宗 whereupon Gao zong conferred upon Wang Fangyan the title Gentleman Litterateur (wen lin lang 文林郎). This story is recorded in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣 記 and other books, and LSZ cites it without naming his source. He changes its contents, claiming that the emperor conferred the title wen lin lang on Li Jin, and refers to Li as Li Jin [1] and Jin 謹 [1]. Li Jingchun 李景純 [1] Northern Song 宋 person. According to the → ZLBC, Sun Shangyao 孫尚藥 (→ Sun Yonghe 孫用和) once obtained a recipe transmitted by Li for curing dysentery. LSZ refers to this event in SE mu xiang 木香 but erroneously gives the Mi bao fang 秘寶方, “Secret and Precious Recipes” (→ Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方), which he incorrectly refers to → Sun Zhao 孫兆, as his source. Li Jiuhua 李九華 → Li Pengfei 李鵬飛 Li Jushi 黎居士 [10] This is Li Minshou 黎民壽, a Southern Song 宋 physician. Style name Jingren 景仁. Li Jushi 黎居士, “Li the Recluse,” was his literary name as he was a Buddhist devotee. A man of Xu jiang 盱江, now Nan cheng 南城 in Jiang xi 江西,

266 who lived during the li zong 理宗 reign period (1224-1264). After failing to be placed in the imperial examinations, Li studied medicine and gained a reputation as a successful doctor. He was the author of the → Jian yi fang 簡易方 , the Li jue mai jing yao 黎決脈精要, “Li’s Defined Fundamentals on [Movements in the] Vessels,” the Duan bing ti gang 斷病提綱, “Introductory Principles Cutting off Disease,” and the Yu han jing 玉函經, “Classic of the Jade Case.” Li Jushi fang 黎居士方 → Jian yi fang 簡易方  Li Kuifu 李魁甫 [1] Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. LSZ cites a discourse on pharmaceutical drugs associated with him in SE zao bing mu 鑿柄木, but the source of this material is uncertain. Li li bu 李吏部, “Li of the Ministry of Personnel” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. Mentioned by the Tang poet → Bao Ji 包佶 in his poem Bao ji xie Li li bu zeng he li le ye 抱疾謝李吏部贈訶 黎勒葉, “Thanking Li of the Ministry of Personnel for Giving Some Leaves of He li le While I Was Sick,” (→ Bing zhong xie Li li bu hui he li le ye shi 病中謝李 吏部惠訶黎勒葉詩). Li Lian 李濂 (1489-1566) [1] Ming 明 dynasty scholar and official. Style name Chuanfu 川父 (AV Chuanfu 川甫), literary name Songzhu 嵩渚, “Lofty Islet.” A man of Xiang fu 祥符, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南, jin shi 1514. He held various local appointments but was dismissed in 1526 and became a full time scholar. He was the author of various works including his literary collection, the Li Songzhu ji 李嵩渚集, “Collection of Li Songzhu,” also the Bian jing yi zhi zhi 汴京遺跡志, “Treatise on Historical Traces in Bian jing,” and a collection of medical biographies, the → Yi shi 醫史. He has a biography in the Ming shi gao 明史稿, “Draft of the History of Ming.” Li cha yuan Liangqing 李察院亮卿, “Investigating Censor Li Liangqing” This is Li Liangqing 李亮卿, a Southern Song 宋 official, fl. during the shao xing 紹興 reign period (1131-1163). Served as Investigating Censor (cha yuan 察院) of Ping jiang 平江 in present-day Hu nan 湖南. He is said to have used a recipe with chicken excrement to cure toothache, which was originally recorded in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 takes over this recipe without mentioning its source, and LSZ cites it second hand in SE ji 鷄. Li Liangyu 李良雨 [1] Ming 明 man of Jing le 靜樂 in present-day Shan xi 山西. Because of the family’s poverty he sent off his wife (→ Zhang shi 張氏 ) and sold himself as a servant to others. In 1567, he is said to have developed an abdominal pain that over the next two years worsened in severity and continuity. His testicles gradually shrank and withdrew inside, forming a vagina, with menstruation starting within a month. After another two months he had transformed into a female. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀.

267 Li Lou 李樓 Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. 16th century. Style name Xiaoshan 小山, a man of Qi men 祈門, now part of An hui 安徽. Author of the → Guai zheng qi fang 怪 證奇方. LSZ refers to him as Li Lou [25] and as Xiaoshan [4]. Li Lou fang 李樓方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Li Lou qi fang 李樓奇方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Li Mian 李勉 (717-788) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Xuanqing 玄卿, a man of Song cheng 宋城 county in Song zhou 宋州, now Shang qiu 商丘 in He nan 河南. He served in various posts such as Minister of Education (si tu 司徒). He is said to have been transmitted a recipe by the eminent monk → Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 and gained strength by ingesting it. LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方 in SE xian mao 仙茅. Li Mingzhi 李明之 → Li Gao 李杲 Li Mo 李謨 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty court musician, fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄 宗 (r. 712-756). A man of Ren chang 任城, now Ji ning 濟寧 in Shan dong 山東. He was famed for his flute playing. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 lists a recipe to cure “throat blockage-illness” (hou bi 喉痺) that was apparently transmitted by Li Mo, and LSZ takes this over in SE lü fan 綠礬. Li Mohe 李摩訶 [1] Name of a person, a foreigner from He ling guo 訶陵國 (present-day Java or Sumatra). He was a merchant vessel captain who transmitted a recipe with bu gu zhi 補骨脂 to → Zheng xiang guo 鄭相國 in 823. Li Pengfei 李鵬飛 (1222-?) Late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 physician. Literary name Chengxin 澄心, “Pure Heart,” a man of Chi zhou 池州 in Jiu hua 九華, now part of Qing yang 青陽 in An hui 安徽, therefore also called Li Jiuhua 李九華 after his native place. Li has a biography in the → Yuan shi 元史. He had contact with court Daoists and provided them with life cultivation materials. From these contacts he developed his San yuan yan shou can zan shu 三元延壽參贊書, “Advisory Book on Extending Life According to the Three Origins,” (→ San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書). He was also the author of a recipe collection called Jiu ji fang 救急方, “Recipes for Rescue in Emergencies.” LSZ refers to Li as Li Pengfei [11], as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1], as Li Jiuhua [7], and incorrectly as Li Tingfei 李廷飛 [19]. Li pu ye 李僕射, “Vice-director Li” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official, fl. 8th to 9th century. Personal name unknown. According to the → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方, he once suffered from “brain obstruction-illness” (nao yong 腦癰) and was cured by a recipe offered to him by → Lu Tan 盧坦. LSZ cites this in SE hu 葫.

268 Li Qi 李奇 (c. 3rd century) [1] Late Eastern Han 漢 man of Nan yang 南陽 in present-day He nan 河南. Further details are unavailable. One of the commentators to the → Han shu 漢書. LSZ cites his annotations as → Han shu zhu 漢書注. Li Qi 李七 [2] Southern Song 宋 person, a man of Rao zhou 饒州. According to the → Yi shuo 醫説, → Zhang Sishun 張思順 once cured him of nosebleed. LSZ cites this story in SE ni bai yin 溺白垽, but in the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM the character qi 七 resembles a bi 匕, or a shi 士 with the left part missing. Therefore Li Qi’s name is erroneously written Li shi 李士 in the Jiang xi 江西 edition, a mistake that has been corrected in modern editions. Li Qing 李卿 Tang 唐 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 lists a recipe of his to turn white hair black again. This is reproduced in the → TJBC, from which LSZ cites second hand in SE sheng jiang 生薑, erroneously writing Li’s name Ji Qing 季卿 [1]. Li Quan 李筌 [3] Tang 唐 dynasty man. Literary name Shaoshi shan daguan zi 少室山逹觀子, “The Master of Mount Shao shi who Reached Contemplation,” a man of Long xi 隴西 in present-day Gan su 甘肅. Li Quan took special interest in Daoist teachings of immortality, and many tales about immortals mention his name. He held some regional military posts during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741) and was the author of the Tai bai yin jing 太白陰經, “Secret Classic of the Venus,” (→ Tai bai jing zhu 太白經注). Li Quan also annotated (or was the author of ) the → Yin fu jing 陰符經. Li raozhou 李饒州, “Li of rao zhou” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, fl. 7th to 8th century. Personal name unknown. According to the → Bi xiao fang 必效方 of → Meng Shen 孟詵 as quoted in the Song 宋 → TJBC, Li possessed a method to dissolve gu 蠱 poison. LSZ takes this over in SE tao 桃 but erroneously names → Chu Yushi 初虞世 as the original source. Li sao 離騷 → Chu ci 楚辭 Li sao bian zheng 離騷辨證, “Investigation of the Li sao” [2] Song 宋 dynasty book, a commentary on the Li sao 離騷, “Woes of Departure,” (→ Chu ci 楚辭). AN originally Chu ci ji zhu bian zheng 楚辭集注辨證, “Investigation of the Collected Annotations to the Chu ci.” Written by Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子). LSZ cites the book second hand from the Gu jin he bi shi lei bei yao 古今合璧事類備要, “Essentials of Categorized Matters Like Joint Jade Circles, Quoted from Old and New Literature,” (→ Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類 合璧) of Xie Weixin 謝維新.

269 Li sao da zhao 離騷大招 → Chu ci 楚辭, → Da zhao 大招 Li sao zhu 離騷注 → Chu ci 楚辭 Li Shan 李善  [2] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar (died 689). A man of Jiang du 江都 in Yang zhou 揚州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He held various court offices and was noted as a specialist in the → Wen xuan 文選. He was the author of the Wen xuan zhu 文 選注, “Annotations to the Wen xuan,” in 60 juan.  [1] Han 漢 dynasty servant who, after the entire family of a man called → Li Yuan 李元  had died of an epidemic, miraculously cured the last member, a little boy, by breast-feeding him. LSZ cites this story from the → Han shu 漢書. Li shan shi 厲山氏, “Gentleman of Li shan” [1] This is Yan Di 炎帝, one of the ancient mythical rulers of China. He emerged from Li shan 歷山, thus the name “Gentleman of Li shan.” Some consider him to be identical with → Shen nong 神農  while others dispute this. His son is said to have been a farmer with extraordinary abilities to plant the myriad types of grains. He is therefore worshipped as the Jizhu 稷主, “Harvest God.” LSZ mentions him in SE ji 稷. Li Shangyin 李商隱 (c. 813-858) Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Yishan 義山, literary name Yuxi sheng 玉溪 生, “Gentleman of Jade Creek.” A man of He nei 河內 in Huai zhou 怀州, now part of He nan 河南, jin shi during the kai cheng 開成 reign period (836-840). Li held some regional offices and left behind some highly rated and expressive poetry. His collection is entitled Li Yishan shi ji 李義山詩集, “Poetry Collection of Li Yishan,” (→ Li Yishan ji 李義山集). LSZ refers to Li as Li Shangyin [2] and as Li Yishan 李義山 [2]. Li Shen 李紳 (died 846) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty high official and poet. Style name Gongchui 公垂, a man of Bo zhou 亳州, now part of An hui 安徽. He passed the jin shi examinations in 806 and held high posts at the Secretariat (zhong shu 中書). In 838 he compiled the Zhui xi you ji 追昔遊集, “Travel Collection Recalling the Past,” in which he collected and annotated poetry from various places. This text is probably what LSZ cites as → Li Shen wen ji 李紳文集. Li Shen wen ji 李紳文集, “Literary Collection of Li Shen” [2] This is the literary collection of Tang 唐 writer → Li Shen 李紳. The book is not found in the standard bibliographies, and when cited in LSZ’s main text the material in question actually seems to come from annotations to the Nan Liang xing 南梁行, “Travelling to Southern Liang,” chapter in Li Shen’s Zhui xi you ji 追昔遊集, “Travel Collection Recalling the Past.” Therefore the title Li Shen wen ji most probably stands for the Zhui xi you ji. This book contained poetry about the places Li had visited along with extensive annotations. DC 838. 3 juan.

270 Li Sheng 李勝 [1] Northern Song 宋 person, a male cousin of → Shen Gua 沈括. In SE zhu sha 朱砂, LSZ reports his usage of cinnabar to prepare an elixir that within one day caused his death. Li sheng 李生, “Student Li” [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. Personal name unknown. A man of Fu liang 浮梁, now Jing de zhen 景德鎮 in Jiang xi 江西. When he suffered from a “lice tumor” (shi liu 虱瘤), the physician → Qin Deli 秦德立 cured him. Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li” Name of various authors. To determine which Mr. Li is being referred to, check the text before or after the name. A citation from a → Li shi fang 李氏方 [1] remains uncertain.

 [4] → Li Dangzhi 李當之, author of the → Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草 and → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄  [11] → Li Gao 李杲, author of various books on pharmaceutics.

 [1] → Li Hanguang 李含光, author of the → Ben cao yin yi 本草音義 

 [1] In connection with the → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書, this is → Li Pengfei 李鵬飛.

 [1] In connection with the title Nan hai yao lu 南海藥錄, “Record of Drugs from Faraway Places in the South,” this is → Li Xun 李珣, author of the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草, which LSZ confused with the → Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜.  [1] Unidentifiable author of the → Shi xue lei chao 仕學類鈔  [2] Unidentifiable author of the → Li shi shi jing 李氏食經  [1] In the original preface this is → Li Shizhen 李時珍.

 [1] In connection with a single ingredient recipe made of egg, possibly this is → Li Jie 李捷. Li Shi 李實 [1] Ming 明 dynasty writer, author of a → Dou zhen yuan yuan 痘疹淵源. Further details about his life are unavailable. Li Shi 李石 [7] Man of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty. Literary name Fangzhou 方舟, “Tandem Ship,” according to the Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” he lived during the shao xing 紹興 to qian dao 乾道 reign periods (1131-1173). Further details unavailable. Author of the → Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志. Li shi 李師, “Master Li” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty person. In SE lai fu 萊菔, LSZ quotes the Yan shou shu 延壽書, “Book for Extending Life” (→ San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書) with a story about how Li Shi once fled into a cave to escape his enemies. When they generated smoke to suffocate him, he chewed a radish (luo bo 蘿卜) and the ingest-

271 ed juice saved his life. However, such an anecdote is not documented in the Yan shou shu. Possibly, it originates from the Jiu ji fang 救急方, “Recipes for Rescue in Emergencies,” of → Li Pengfei 李鵬飛. Li shi 李士 → Li Qi 李七 Li shi ben cao 李氏本草 → Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草 Li shi fang 李氏方, “recipes of Mr. Li” [1] Source of recipes, probably not a book. EE BCGM, which cites a recipe in the main text even though there is no entry in the bibliographical sections. LSZ frequently refers to physicians surnamed Li 李 (→ Li shi 李氏), but since he does not specify which book he is citing from, his source remains uncertain. Li shi shi jing 李氏食經, “The Food Classic of Mr. Li” [2] Lost text on dietetics. EE Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period.” Author and size uncertain. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and in the main text, but the source of his quotation is unclear. Li shi yao lu 李氏藥錄 → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄 Li Shiji 李世勣 → Li Ji 李勣 Li Shizhen 李時珍 (1518-1593) Ming 明 dynasty expert in pharmaceutics. Style name Dongbi 東璧, literary name Binhu 瀕湖, “Lakeside,” a man of Qi zhou 蘄州, now Qi chun 蘄春 county in Hu bei 湖北. His grandfather was an itinerant physician and his father → Li Yanwen 李言聞 a scholar physician who worked at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院). At the age of 14 LSZ passed the lowest level of the civil service examination and consequently went on studying for another ten years but failed the next three examinations. He thereupon followed in his father’s footsteps. A successful doctor, he was rewarded with an appointment at the Chu 楚 court, and later on was asked to join the Imperial Academy of Medicine in the capital. He returned a year later, however, and went on practicing as a doctor. LSZ is the author of the BCGM (which he presumably compiled with a team of assistants of unknown number) and several other works, e.g., the Binhu mai xue 瀕湖脈學, “Study on the [Movements in the] Vessels by [Li] Binhu,” the Qi jing ba mai kao 奇經八脈考, “Investigation of the Eight Extraordinary Vessels,” the → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方, and the → Binhu yi an 瀕湖醫案. LSZ adds his own comments to the BCGM referring to himself as Li Shizhen [51], as Shizhen 时珍 [5479], as Binhu [35], as Li Binhu 李瀕湖 [1], as Dongbi [1], or simply as Zhen 珍 [21]. In the original preface, he is referred to as Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1]. Li Shouwen 李壽翁 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. During the chun xi 淳熙 reign period (1174-1189), he served as governor of Chang sha 長沙 and once enlisted men to catch a bird with nine heads. LSZ mentions him in SE gui che niao 鬼車鳥.

272 Li Shouyu 李守愚 [1] Song 宋 dyasty person. According to the → Lei shuo 類説, a person called Li Shouyu 李守遇 referred to black beans (hei dou 黑豆) as “grain for the five longterm depots” (wu zang gu 五臟谷). The → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書 writes this man’s name Li Shouyu 李守愚, and LSZ takes this over in SE da dou 大豆. Li Sifeng zhuan 李司封傳, “Biography of Li Sifeng” [1] Fictitious biography. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Although the ZLBC lists this title in its bibliographical sections, the fragment labeled with Li’s name in the main text does not indicate any Li Sifeng zhuan as a source. Li Sifeng is apparently identical with Li Zongyi 李宗易, style name Jianfu 簡夫, a man of Wan qiu 宛丘, now Huai yang 淮陽 in He nan 河南. He was active during the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1063), when he held various offices. LSZ apparently simply took over the ZLBC entry and lists the text in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in his main text. Li Sili 李嗣立 → Li Xun 李迅 Li Sixun 李思訓 [1] Northern Song 宋 physician. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of a Bao ming shang han lun 保命傷寒論, “Shang han lun to Preserve Life,” (AN Bao ming xin shu 保命新書, “New Book to Preserve Life”), which contained a discussion of the yellow, jaundiced complexion assumed by patients harmed by cold. He distinguished between “yin yellow” and “yang yellow”. His views were adopted by → Wang Haogu 王好古 in his → Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎, → Yin zheng lüe li 陰證略例, and → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草 during the Yuan 元, as well as by the Ming 明 author → Liu Chun 劉純 in the → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義. LSZ quotes Li Sixun from the Tang ye ben cao in SE yin chen hao 茵陳蒿. Li Taibai 李太白 → Li Bai 李白 Li Taibai ji 李太白集, “Collection of Li Taibai” Northern Song 宋 anthology. Material written by the Tang 唐 poet → Li Bai 李 白 (style name Taibai 太白), compiled by the Song editor Song Minqiu 宋敏求. 30 juan. The collection gathers together songs, poems, and essays of Li Bai. LSZ lists the work as Li Taibai ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Material labeled Li Taibai 李太白 [2], however, is taken from this collection, and one citation of a → Li Bai shi zhu 李白詩注 goes back to a Yuan 元 dynasty commentated version of the Li Taibai ji. Li Tao 李濤 [1] Man of the early Northern Song 宋 dynasty. Childhood name Sheweng 社翁. The → Hai lu sui shi 海錄碎事 quotes a section from one of his poems dealing with a wine to treat deafness. These lines are taken over by LSZ. Li Tao 李燾 (12th century) Southern Song 宋 high official. Style name Renfu 仁甫, literary name Xunyan 巽岩, “Gentle Rock.” A man of Dan leng 丹棱 in Mei zhou 眉州, jin shi 1138. Li held a local office in Ya zhou 雅州, which LSZ mistakes for Lei zhou 雷州

273 when citing a recipe associated with him from the Fan Shihu wen ji 范石湖文集, “Literary Collection of Fan Shihu,” (→ Shihu ji 石湖集). LSZ also confuses Li Tao with → Li dai zhi 李待制, author of the Zhang nüe lun 瘴瘧論, “Discourse on Miasmatic Malaria,” when discussing the properties of chang shan 常山 and fu zi 附子. This material is taken from → Ling nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方. Generally, LSZ refers to Li as Li Tao [3] and Li Xunyan 李巽岩 [1]. Li ti ling 李提領, “Superintendent Li” [1] Song 宋 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. A man of Bian liang 汴梁, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南. LSZ cites a recipe to cure “running horse dental gan-illness” (zou ma ya gan 走馬牙疳) associated with one Li ti ling but does not specify his source. Both the Southern Song → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選 方 and the Ming 明 → Pu ji fang 普濟方 list similar recipes but do not mention Li ti ling. LSZ mentions him in SE ni bai yin 溺白垽. Li Tian 李畋 (11th century) [2] Northern Song 宋 man from Shu 蜀, now Si chuan 四川. He retired from office during the xi ning 熙寧 reign period (1068-1077) to return to his disciples. He conversed extensively with many visitors and at the request of his disciples assembled the things he heard into a book called → Gai wen lu 該聞錄. Apart from miscellaneous writings, there are also twelve chapters with poetry appended to the work. Part of the lost text is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛, and LSZ cites it second hand from the → ZLBC. Li Ting 李庭 → Bo Yan 伯顔 Li Tingfei 李廷飛 → Li Pengfei 李鵬飛 Li Wei gong 李衛公, “Li the duke of Wei” (571-649) [2] This is Li Jing 李靖, an early Tang 唐 high official and specialist in military affairs. A man of San yuan 三原 in Jing zhao 京兆, now in the northeast of San yuan in Shaan xi 陝西. During the reign of → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 (r. 626649) he served in various high offices such as Minister of War (bing bu shang shu 兵部尚書) or Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs (shang shu you pu ye 尚書右僕射) and was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Wei (Wei guo gong 魏國公). He wrote a Li Wei gong bing fa 李衛公兵法, “Military Tactics of Li the Duke of Wei,” which is now lost. LSZ cites some statements associated with him second hand from the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 and the → Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志, but the origin of this material is uncertain. Li xiang 李相 → Li Baozhen 李抱真 Li Xiangxian 李象先 [1] Northern Song 宋 official, lived around the yuan you 元祐 reign period (10861094). He held a local post in Li zhou 利州. LSZ attributes a → Zhi zhang fu 指 掌賦 to him in SE da qing 大青. Li Xiaobo zhuan 李孝伯傳, “Biography of Li Xiaobo” Biography from the → Wei shu 魏書, juan 53. The → ZLBC quotes a Hou Wei Li Xiaobo zhuan 後魏李孝伯傳, “Biography of Li Xiaobo of Later Wei,” using material from the Wei shu. LSZ takes this over into his bibliographical sections

274 as Li Xiaobo zhuan [1]. In his main text, however, he refers the material from the ZLBC to a → Hou Wei shu 後魏書. Li Xiaobo was a man of Zhao jun 趙郡, now Zhao xian 趙縣 in He bei 河北. He held high offices during the Northern Wei reign of Emperor Tai Wu di 太 武帝 (424-451). Li Xuan 李宣 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty person, a man of Wei xing 魏興 in the northwest of present-day An kang 安康 in Shaan xi 陝西. According to the → Yi yuan 異苑, his wife, Mrs. Fan 樊 (→ Fan shi 樊氏), was pregnant but did not deliver by the due date. Later, the fetus emerged from a lesion in her forehead. As an adult, this child became a general called → Hu er 胡兒. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Li Xun 李珣 Late Tang 唐, Five Dynasties poet and expert on pharmaceutics. Style name Derun 德潤. His ancestors were originally from Persia but took up residence in Shu 蜀 during the time of Emperor Xi zong 僖宗 (r. 874-888). Therefore Li is said to be a man of Zi zhou 梓州, now San tai 三臺 in Si chuan 四川. He was the author of the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草, which is cited frequently by LSZ, who refers to Li as Li Xun [115], Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” [1] or simply Xun 珣 [117]. Li Xun 李迅 Southern Song 宋 expert on external medicine, fl. late 12th century. Style name Sili 嗣立, a man of Quan zhou 泉州 in present-day Fu jian 福建. Li held various government posts but was known for his expertise in external medicine including the treatment of deep-rooted ulcers on the back. Li collected recipes from books and other physicians, which he himself put to use, and was the author of the Ji yan bei ju fang 集驗背疽方, “Collected and Proven Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Impediment-Illnesses on the Back,” (→ Yong ju fang lun 癰疽方論). LSZ refers to Li as Li Xun [6] and Li Sili 李嗣立 [1]. Li Xun 李巡 [2] Eastern Han 漢 scholar of classical learning. A man of Ru nan 汝南 in the northwest of present-day Shang shui 商水 in He nan 河南. He held an official post during the time of Emperor Ling 靈 (r. 168-189) and was the author of a lost → Er ya zhu 爾雅注 , fragments of which are included in the later → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏 of → Guo Pu 郭璞 and → Xing Bing 邢昺. LSZ lists Li as one of the commentators of the Er ya zhu shu and quotes an explanation of his in the main text. Li Xun 李遜 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. 8th to 9th century. Served as Minister of Justice (xing bu shang shu 刑部尚書). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Li Xunyan 李巽岩 → Li Tao 李燾

275 Li Xuzhong 李虛中 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. 8th to 9th century. Served as Palace Censor (dian zhong yu shi 殿中御史). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Li ya 李亞 Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. 8th to 9th century. While serving in Huai nan 淮南 in the military administration, he worked with → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 lists a recipe of his for treating cough. LSZ cites this in SE gan jiang 乾薑, referring to Li as Li Ya [1]. In addition, he cites a fragment on mugwort second hand from the → ZLBC in SE ai 艾 but erroneously refers to Li as Li Chen 李臣 [1]. Li yanshou 李延壽 (570-628) Early Tang 唐 historian. Style name Xialing 遐齡, a man of Xiang zhou 相州, now part of An yang 安陽 in He nan 河南. He held various court posts and participated in official historiography. He helped to compile the Wu dai shi zhi 五代 史志, “Historical Treatises on the Five Dynasties,” the → Jin shu 晉書, and other books. He also completed the work of his father Li Dashi 李大師, arranging virtually alone the historical events of eight dynasties, thus producing the → Nan shi 南史 and the → Bei shi 北史. LSZ only lists the Bei shi in his bibliography but also cites the Nan shi in his main text. In addition, he cites a → Hou Wei shu 後魏書, which he incorrectly attributes to Li. LSZ refers to Li as Li Yanshou [9] and cites some recipes as Li Yanshou fang 李延壽方, “Recipe of Li Yanshou,” [2], but the origin of these is uncertain. Li Yanshou fang 李延壽方 → Li Yanshou 李延壽 Li yanwen 李言聞 (died 1572) Ming 明 dynasty physician, the father of LSZ. Style name Ziyu 子郁, literary name Yuechi 月池, “Moon Pond.” A man of Qi zhou 蘄州, now Qi chun 蘄春 in Hu bei 湖北. Li Yanwen’s father practiced medicine as a profession, but his son advanced to hold a minor post at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院). LSZ refers to his father as Li Yanwen [3], as Yanwen 言聞 [4], and as Ziyu [1], but also respectfully calls him Yuechi zi 月池子, “Master of the Moon Pond,” [1], Yuechi [2], and Yuechi weng 月池翁, “Old Man of the Moon Pond,” [2]. Works by Li Yanwen cited in the BCGM include a → Ren shen zhuan 人參 傳, an → Ai ye zhuan 艾葉傳, and a → Dou zhen zheng zhi 痘疹證治. Li Yanwen also wrote a Si zhen fa ming 四診發明, “Expounding on the Four [Methods of ] Examination,” and a Yi xue ba mai zhu 醫學八脈注, “Notes on the Eight Vessels in Medicine.” These latter two works are now lost. Li yanzhi 李彥直 [1] Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. A man of Yang zhou 洋州, in the region of present-day Xi xiang 西鄉 county in Shaan xi 陝西. Jin shi. His family sold “pills for five-fold blessing” (wu fu wan 五福丸), and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 records this recipe. LSZ takes the material over in SE qiu yin 蚯蚓 but erroneously writes Yang zhou 揚州 instead of Yang zhou 洋州.

276 Li yishan 李義山 → Li Shangyin 李商隱 Li Yishan ji 李義山集, “Collection of Li yishan” This is LSZ’s name for the Li Yishan shi ji 李義山詩集, “Poetry Collection of Li Yishan,” the literary collection of Tang 唐 poet → Li Shangyin 李商隱. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Yuxi sheng shi 玉溪生詩, “Poetry by the Gentleman of Jade Creek.” 5 juan (AV 3 juan).The present volume is the three juan Song 宋 edition, it preserves 600 verses by Li with rich and diverse contents. LSZ lists the book as Li Yishan ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite material from the collection, labeling it Li Shangyin [2] and Li Yishan [1]. Li yong 李邕 (678-747) Tang 唐 dynasty official and calligrapher. Style name Tai he 泰和, a man of Jiang du 江都 inYang zhou 揚州, now Yang zhou in Jiang su 江蘇. He has biographies in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” as well as the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) and served in various offices. He was governor of Ji jun 汲郡 and Bei hai 北海 and was therefore also called Li Beihai 李北海. The original texts of his writings were lost but were restored and published as the Li Beihai ji 李北海集, “Collection of Li Beihai,” during Ming 明 times. The → Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方 records a recipe transmitted by him, and the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 includes some of his discourses on materia medica. LSZ takes these over, referring to Li as Li Yong [4] and Li Beihai [1]. Li yong 李用 [1] Minor official of pre-Ming 明 times. Held a post in Xian yuan 仙源 county in Gun zhou 袞州. According to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, his son suffered from “macule sores” (ban chuang 斑瘡). After ingesting “ephedra decoction” (ma huang tang 麻黃湯) the child was cured. The source of this anecdote is not mentioned. In SE ma huang 麻黃, LSZ erroneously refers the story to → Kou Zongshi 寇 宗奭. Li youzhi 李祐之 Southern Song 宋 person, a man of E zhu 鄂渚, now Wu chang 武昌 in Hu bei 湖北. He suffered from “melting and thirst” (xiao ke 消渴) for nine years and was eventually cured by a recipe passed on to him by → Su Pu 蘇朴. The recipe is recorded in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which identifies its sources as Jia cang jing yan fang 家藏經驗方, “Proven Recipes Preserved in the Family,” and the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 . LSZ takes this material over but erroneously writes Li’s name Xin Youzhi 辛祐之 [1] in SE shao yao 芍藥. Li yu 李俁 Person of the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period, fl. during the huang wu 黃武 reign period (222-229). A man of Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu chang 武昌 county in Hu bei 湖北. According to the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方

277 草木狀, Li, being accused of a crime, fled to He pu 合浦 and was poisoned there. His servant → Ji li 吉利 happened to obtain an herb that dissolved the poison and saved his life. Hence the herb was named Ji li herb, ji li cao 吉利草. LSZ refers to Li as Li Yu [1] and Yu 俁 [1] in SE ji li cao 吉利草. Li yu 李預 [1] General of the Later Wei 魏 dynasty. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 quotes from the → Hou Wei shu 後魏書 a story of Li Yu ingesting jade crumbs. LSZ cites this second hand in SE yu 玉. Li yuan 李元  [1] Tang 唐 dynasty man, according to the → Tong zhi 通志 author of the → Du yi zhi 獨異志. In the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” however, the same book is assigned to a Li Kang 李亢, and the Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” writes Li Rong 李冗.  [1] Man of Nan yang 南陽. According to the → Han shu 漢書, his entire family died of an epidemic, and only the youngest grandson was saved miraculously by → Li Shan 李善 . Li yuan 李遠 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Qiugu 求古 (AV Xuangu 宣古), a man of Yun yang 雲陽 in present-day Si chuan 四川. Jin shi 831. Served as prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Zhong zhou 忠州, Jian zhou 建州, and Jiang zhou 江州 and finally rose to be Vice Censor-in-chief (yu shi zhong cheng 御史中丞). In an appendix to the → He shou wu zhuan 何首烏傳, the → ZLBC lists the therapeutic effects of Polygonum as related by Li Yuan. Li yuanchun 李元淳 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. A man of Dun huang 敦煌. During the reign of → Tang De zong 唐德宗 (r. 780-804) he served as Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) of San cheng 三城 in He yang 河陽 and of Zhao yi jun 昭義軍, as Minister (shang shu 尚書), and other posts. According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, once a common household centipede entered his ear. After numerous unsuccessful attempts to rid himself of the intruder, someone recommended to him a single ingredient recipe with sesame oil, and he was cured. LSZ cites this in SE hu ma 胡麻. Li yun 禮運 → Li ji 禮記 Li Zhao 李肇 Tang 唐 dynasty official, serving at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and holder of other high court posts. Active during the yuan he 元和 (806-820) and chang qing 長慶 (821-824) reign periods. Author of the → Guo shi bu 國史補, the Han lin zhi 翰林志, “A Record of the Han lin [Academy],” and other books.

278 Li Zheng 李整 [1] Daoist, fl. before the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty. No details about his life available. The Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) cites the → Zhen gao 真誥 with a statement that Li Zheng collected shi nao 石腦 and ingested it, and that the mineral cures various diseases and promotes longevity. LSZ takes this over in SE shi nao 石腦. Li Zhi 李治 [1] Possibly fictitious Song 宋 dynasty official. Details about his life are unavailable. LSZ states that when Li Zhi was in office in Huai zhou 懷州, he obtained a recipe for a “polygonum pill” (he shou wu wan 何首烏丸). However, these polygonum pills were not known during Song times, so the story may be the creation of a jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567) alchemist. LSZ mentions Li Zhi in SE he shou wu 何首烏. Li zhi pu 荔枝譜, “Lichee Treatise” [2] Northern Song 宋 text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Cai Xiang 蔡襄. DC 1059. 1 juan. The author’s native place was a place of lichee cultivation, and he wrote this treatise to introduce the history of the lichee as well as morphology, economic value, medicinal use, and varieties of the fruit. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Li zhi tu xu 荔枝圖序 → Chang qing ji 長慶集  Li Zhifang 李直方 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official, served during the yuan he 元和 reign period (806820). According to the → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方, he once suffered from “turned over stomach” (fan wei 反胃) for more than two months, until he ingested a congee with ginseng and was cured. LSZ cites this in SE ren shen 人參. Li Zhixian 李知先 [2] Southern Song 宋 physician, fl. 2nd half of the 12th century. Style name Yuanxiang 元象, literary name Shuangzhong chushi 雙鍾處士, “Reclusive Scholar of Shuang zhong.” A man of Long xi 隴西, now part of Gan su 甘肅. Author of the → Huo ren shu kuo 活人書括. Li Zhongnan 李仲南 [10] Given name Naiji 迺季, literary name Qibi 棲碧, “Dwelling in the Green Mountains,” since he lived in Bi shan 碧山 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. In order to serve his parents in their old age, Li lived at a Daoist monastery and sought alchemical knowledge to promote their longevity. Disappointed with alchemy after his father’s death, he turned to medicine instead to help his mother. He collected information from old books and wrote the Xi lei qian fang 錫類鈐 方, “Key Recipes, Beneficial to Everybody,” which he later renamed to → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方. Li zhu 禮注 → Li ji 禮記

279 Li Ziqing 李子卿 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poet, fl. around the da li 大歷 reign period (766-779). Details about his life are unavailable, but many of his poems were transmitted through the ages. LSZ cites his → Shui ying fu 水螢賦 in SE ying huo 螢火. Li Ziyu 李子豫 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty physician. Tradition has it that he invented a “red pill against the eight poisons”(ba du chi wan 八毒赤丸), which was said to cure diseases caused by ghosts. LSZ mentions his name in his introductory paragraphs. Lian zhou ji 廉州記 → Lian zhou zhi 廉州志 Lian zhou zhi 廉州志, “Lian zhou Gazetteer” Lost Ming 明 dynasty local gazetteer. EE BCGM. Author and DC uncertain. The preface and epilogue of the 1636 Lian zhou fu zhi 廉州府志, “Prefectural Gazetteer of Lian zhou,” records a Lian zhou zhi of the cheng hua 成化 (14651487) and jia jing 嘉靖 (1522-1567) reign periods, and other late Ming books cite a text of the same name as well. Apparently a Lian zhou Gazetteer existed during the time of LSZ, who might have used the original text before it was lost. LSZ lists a Lian zhou ji 廉州記, “Records of Lian zhou,” [1] in his bibliographical sections but refers to a Lian zhou zhi [1] in his main text. Lianfu 廉夫  → Lu He 盧和

 In Yang Lianfu 楊廉夫, this is → Yang Weizhen 楊維楨 Liang fang 良方, “Good recipes” [5] Name or abbrevation that might refer to various medical recipe books.  [2] Abbreviation for the → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方

 [2] FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Shen shi liang fang 沈氏良方, “Good Recipes of Mr. Shen,” Shen Cunzhong liang fang 沈存中良方, “Good Recipes of Shen Cunzhong,” Shen Gua liang fang 沈括良方, “Good Recipes of Shen Gua.” Written by → Shen Gua 沈括. DC late 11th century. 10 juan (AV 15 juan). In his preface, Shen claims only to have integrated recipes into the work that he himself had witnessed to prove effective. The original text is lost, but its material was integrated into the → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方. LSZ lists that work in his bibliographical sections and labels Shen Gua’s Liang fang with the author’s style name Shen Cunzhong.

 [1] Abbreviation for the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 of → Chen Ziming 陳自明 Liang fang bu yi 良方補遺 → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦人良方補遺 Liang Gun 梁混 [1] Southern 宋 Song person, originally called Liang Hun 梁緄. The → Lei bian 類 編 relates a story of how Liang Hun prayed to the gods and was granted a recipe by Huiji shen 穢跡神 (→ Huiji fo 穢跡佛). LSZ takes this over in SE xiang fu zi 香附子 but writes Liang’s personal name Gun 混 instead of Hun 緄.

280 Liang Guocai 梁國材 [1] Ming 明 or pre-Ming person. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 he made public a secret recipe of → Li Yanzhi 李彥直. Liang Jian Wen di 梁簡文帝 (503-551) [5] This is Emperor Jian Wen 簡文 of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty, personal name Xiao Gang 蕭綱, r. 550-551. Style name Shizuan 世纘, literary name Liutong 六通, “Sixfold Understanding.” His life is detailed in the → Liang shu 梁 書. Author of the → Quan yi wen 勸醫文. Liang Jie gong zhuan 梁杰公傳, “Biography of Lord Jie of Liang” [1] Erroneous designation for the → Liang si gong ji 梁四公記. The so-called Liang si gong 梁四公, “Four Lords of Liang,” were four eminent scholars of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty. One of them was Wan Jie 䨲杰, commonly called → Jie gong 杰公. What LSZ quotes in SE rong yan 戎鹽 as from the Liang Jie gong zhuan is taken from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 juan 865, which labels the same material Liang si gong zi ji 梁四公子記, “Record of the Four Lord-Masters of Liang,” an erroneous designation for the Liang si gong ji. No Liang Jie gong zhuan exists. Liang jing ji 兩京記, “records of the Two Capitals” [2] Abbreviation for the Liang jing xin ji 兩京新記, “New Records of the Two Capitals,” a lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” biography of → Wei Shu 韋述, also Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Dong xi jing ji 東西京記, “Records of the Eastern and Western Capitals.” Written by Wei Shu. DC 8th century. 5 juan. The title refers to the Western and Eastern Tang capitals Chang an 長安 and Luo yang 洛陽. The original text was lost a long time ago, but extensive fragments are found in later works. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚 Liang shan mo tan 兩山墨談, “Ink Talks from the Two Mountains” Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Chen Ting 陳霆. 18 juan. The book carefully investigates old texts but is somewhat biased in its treatment. LSZ lists the book as Liang shan mo tan [1] in his bibliographical sections but refers to it as Mo tan 墨談, “Ink Talks,” [2], in the main text. Liang shi 梁史, “History of the Liang” [1] Lost history. FE Zhou shu 周書, “History of the Zhou,” biography of Xiao Xin 蕭欣 (→ Xiao Xianming 蕭顯明). Written by Xiao Xin. DC Northern Zhou 周. 100 juan. The work details the history of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections but not in the main text. He does, however quote material from the → Liang shu 梁書 there without listing that title in his bibliography. It is therefore to be suspected that LSZ erroneously added the Liang shi and its author to his bibliographical sections.

281 Liang shi zong yao 梁氏總要, “Summary by Mr. Liang” [2] Lost medical recipe book. EE BCGM. AN Liang shi zong yao fang 梁氏總要方, “Summary of Recipes by Mr. Liang.” Written by an otherwise unknown Liang shi 梁氏, “Mr. Liang.” DC and size uncertain. The Southern Song Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方 (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ) of Zhu Zuo 朱佐 (→ Zhu shi 朱 氏) cites the work as Liang shi zong yao fang. LSZ takes over this citation in his main text and lists the title in his bibliographical sections. Liang shu 梁書, “History of the Liang” [4] Standard history of the Liang 梁 dynasty, written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Written by Yao Silian 姚思廉. DC 629-635. 56 juan. The book details the history of the Southern Liang dynasty. The book was based on a Sui 隋 dynasty draft by Yao’s father Yao Cha 姚察, and Yao Siliang received an imperial order to complete and expand the work in 629. He submitted it to court after 7 years. The history preserves many contemporary ideas and book titles and also contains information on medicine. LSZ neither lists the book in his bibliographical sections nor does he indicate an author. He does, however, cite it in the main text. These quotations are also found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books, so LSZ might have taken his material from there. He might also have mistaken the → Liang shi 梁史 for the Liang shu in his bibliographical sections. Liang si gong ji 梁四公記, “record of the Four Lords of Liang” Lost book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Si gong ji 四公記, “Record of the Four Lords,” Liang si gong zi zhuan 梁四公子傳, “Biography of the Four Lord-Masters of Liang.” The si gong zi 四公子, “Four Lord-Masters,” is an error for si gong 四公, “Four Lords.” The book is attributed to various authors, either to Lu Shen 盧詵, Zhang Shuo 張説, or Lian Zaiyan 梁載言, all Tang 唐 dynasty authors. Of these figures, Liang Zaiyan passed the jin shi examinations in 675. The book details the history and geography of the Northern and Southern dynasties and before, based on the conversations of four extremely learned men (the four lords) of Southern Liang with Emperor → Liang Wu di 梁武帝 and his ministers. It includes much information on distant places, extraordinary events, and magical things. Incomplete chapters are found in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books, and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 also cites some smaller fragments. The → ZLBC cites two fragments from the Tai ping guang ji as Liang si gong zi zhuan, which LSZ takes over. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text using the erroneous name Liang si gong zi ji 梁四公子記, “Record of the Four Lord-Masters of Liang,” [3], and labels his other quotations Liang si gong zi zhuan [2], Liang si gong ji [1], or erroneously as → Liang Jie gong zhuan 梁杰公傳 [1]. Liang si gong zi ji 梁四公子記 → Liang si gong ji 梁四公記 Liang si gong zi zhuan 梁四公子傳 → Liang si gong ji 梁四公記

282 Liang Wu di 梁武帝 (464-549) [6] This is Xiao Yan 蕭衍, the founder and emperor of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty, r. 502-549. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 presented the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本 草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) to him. LSZ refers to experiences of the imperial physicians of Liang Wu di’s reign and other stories connected to the emperor. Liang Xin 梁新 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty medical official, fl. 9th century. He once saved the life of a patient who had suddenly collapsed after being poisoned from consuming a bamboo partridge. This earned him the praise of → Cui Wei gong 崔魏公. Later he served as Chief Stewart of the Medical Service (shang yi feng yu 尚醫奉御) and was therefore called Liang Fengyu 梁奉御, “Chief Stewart Liang.” Liang yao 梁耀 [1] Jin 晉 or pre-Jin person. According to the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草 木狀, he once obtained a drug that proved to be able to dissolve poison. It was named liang yao 梁耀 after its discoverer, and later liang yao cao 良耀草, lit. “good, shining herb.” LSZ cites this in SE ji li cao 吉利草. Liang yuan di 梁元帝 (508-554) [2] This is Xiao Yi 蕭繹, emperor of the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty, r. 552-554. Style name Shicheng 世誠, a man of Nan lan ling 南蘭陵, in the northwest of present-day Wu jin 武進 in Jiang su 江蘇. He was a scholar of broad learning, especially in history, and the author of various books. His works include a → Han shu zhu 漢書注, the Jing nan zhi 荊南志, “Gazetteer of Southern Jing,” (→ Jing nan ji 荊南記), the Jiang zhou ji 江州記, “Records of Jiang zhou,” and the → Jin lou zi 金樓子. However, in spite of Liang Yuan di’s proliferous writing, the Jin lou zi is the only work that LSZ mentions his name in connection with. Liang zhou yi wu zhi 涼州異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Liang zhou” [3] Lost, anonymous book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” 1 juan. The book describes the geographical features and scenery of the He xi 河西 corridor in present-day Gan su 甘肅. Fragments are quoted in the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text. However, misunderstanding the Tai ping yu lan, which lists the Liang zhou yi wu zhi alongside with the → Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異 物志 of → Wan Zhen 萬震, LSZ erroneously makes Wan Zhen the author of the Liang zhou yi wu zhi as well. Liang Zhuangsu gong 梁莊肅公, “Honorable Mr. Liang Zhuangsu” (1000-1070) [1] This is Liang Shi 梁適, a Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Zhongjian 仲賢, posthumous name Zhuangsu 庄肅, “Serious and Respectful,” therefore called Liang Zhuangsu gong. A man of Dong ping 東平 in present-day Shan dong 山東. He held high literary and educational posts but retired from these

283 services to become a Grand Mentor (tai fu 太傅). Liang once suffered from “free-flux illness with blood” (li xue 痢血) and was cured by → Chen Yingzhi 陳 應之. LSZ cites this in SE mei 梅. Liao hua zhou xian lu 蓼花洲閑錄, “Idle Notes Taken at the Island of Tall Flowers” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Written by → Gao Wenhu 高文虎. 1 juan. The book contains Song and preSong anecdotes and also includes some medical content. The Shuo fu preserves a summary of the text, and there are some extant Ming 明 editions. LSZ cites the book as Liao hua zhou xian lu [2], referring to the author simply as Gao shi 高氏, “Mr. Gao,” in his bibliographical sections. In the main text he refers to the author as Gao Wenhu and to the book as Liao zhou xian lu 蓼州閑錄, “Idle Notes from Liao zhou,” [1]. The material he cites is not found in the Shuo fu and must be from some other source, possibly a complete edition. Liao shi 遼史, “History of the Liao” [2] Standard history of the Liao 遼 dynasty, written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Written by the Mongol high official Tuotuo 脫脫 (AN Tuoketuo 托克托, Toghto) and others. DC 1343-1344. 116 juan. The book narrates the complete history of the Liao dynasty, including the history of its Central Asian successor, the Western Liao (Xi Liao 西遼). LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. Liao yingzhong 廖瑩中 [1] Southern Song official, assistant to → Jia Sidao 賈似道. After Jia lost influence, Liao committed suicide by taking long nao xiang 龍腦香. LSZ takes this story over from the Xi hu you lan zhi 西湖遊覽志, “Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” (→ Xi hu zhi 西湖志). Liao zhi 遼志, “records of Liao” Lost history of the Liao 遼 dynasty. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” AN Quan Liao zhi 全遼志, “Complete Records of Liao.” Written by Xu Wenhua 徐文華 and others, revised by Ren Luo 任洛 and others. DC jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). Size uncertain. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in connection with an alternative name of wan dou 豌豆 without indicating an author. This alternative name, hui gu dou 回鶻豆 (literally “Uighur bean”), actually goes back to the Qidan guo zhi 契丹國志, “Records of the Qidan State.” Liao zhou xian lu 蓼州閑錄 → Liao hua zhou xian lu 蓼花洲閑錄 Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, “Biographies of Exemplary Immortals” [9] Han 漢 dynasty Daoist book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” → Ge Hong 葛洪 attributes the book to the Western Han 漢 writer → Liu Xiang 劉向, but post-Song 宋 scholars consider it an Eastern Han forgery. 2 juan.The book contains 70 tales about immortals like → Chi song zi 赤松子, and the current edition was supplemented with extra stories about three other immortals. During Ming times, every story

284 was supplemented with a four character phrase of praise and a summary at the end of every section, thus imitating the structure of the Lie nü zhuan 列女傳, “Biographies of Exemplary Women.” From Jin 晉 times on, all works on Daoist immortals were based on this book. Lie xing tu 列星圖, “Charts of Fixed Stars” [2] Lost, anonymous book on astrological divination. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN Da xiang lie xing tu 大象列星圖, “Charts of Celestial Phenomena and Fixed Stars,” Tian xiang lie xing tu 天象列星圖, “Charts of Celestial Phenomena and Fixed Stars.” DC pre-Song 宋. Fragments are preserved in the Tai ping yu lan, and LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text second hand. Lie zi 列子, “Master Lie” [16]  Daoist sage of the Warring States period, possibly a legendary figure. Given name Yukou 御寇 (AV Yukou 圄寇, Yukou 圉寇), a man from the state of Zheng 鄭. Lie zi is revered by Daoists as one of the earliest Daoist masters, and he is mentioned frequently in the → Zhuang zi 莊子 . Attributed to him is the → Lie zi 列子 , but this is probably a post-Han 漢 text.

 Philosophical text, traditionally attributed to the Daoist sage → Lie zi 列子 . FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” 8 chapters, lost early in history. The contents and language of the current version of the Lie zi reveal that the work was probably written by a Jin 晉 author. The book transmits early Daoist thought and consists mainly of folk tales, parables, and myths. In 742, the work was recognized as part of the Daoist canon. There is an annotated Eastern Jin edition by → Zhang Zhan 張湛, which is the version LSZ used when citing material on the names and descriptions of things. Lie zu 烈祖 (888-943) [1] This is Li Sheng 李昇, emperor and founder of the Southern Tang 唐 Kingdom, r. 937-943. Style name Zhenglun 正倫, childhood name Pengnu 彭奴, a man of Xu zhou 徐州 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. The basic annals in the → Nan Tang shu 南唐書 tell the story of how Lie zu choked on a piece of maltose and was treated by the Imperial Physician (tai yi ling 太醫令) → Wu Tingshao 吳廷紹. LSZ takes over this story in SE chu 楮. Lihua shenjun 理化神君 → Shen jun 神君 Lin 琳 → Sun Lin 孫琳 Lin chuan ji 臨川記, “records of Lin chuan” Lost Liu Song 劉宋 book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽. Written by → Xun Bozi 荀伯子. DC yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424-453). 6 juan. The book details geographical features and historical sites of Lin chuan 臨川 commandery, an area in the west of present-day Lin chuan county in Jiang xi 江西. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, the Tai ping yu lan, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text in connection with the term “sweet gum man” (feng ren 楓人).

285 The same passage is found in the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, the → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異, and other books. However, the Tai ping guang ji and Tai ping yu lan, both major sources for LSZ, only quote the term “sweet gum seed ghost” (feng zi gui 楓子鬼) from the Lin chuan ji, so LSZ probably miscopied the term from there. Lin daoren 藺道人, “daoist Lin” [1] Tang 唐 Daoist monk and expert in traumatology and external medicine. A man of Chang an 長安, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. During the hui chang 會 昌 reign period (841-846) his wondrous abilities became widely known. The Xian shou li shang xu duan mi fang 仙授理傷續斷秘方, “Secret Recipes Conferred by Immortals for Repairing Damage and Connecting Breaks,” was apparently compiled by Lin, and a recipe associated with him is cited from that book by LSZ in SE e 鶚. Lin hai feng tu ji 臨海風土記 → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 Lin hai ji 臨海記 → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 Lin hai shui tu ji 臨海水土記 → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Lin hai” Three Kingdoms period book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN there Lin hai shui tu yi wu zhi 臨海水土異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Waters and Lands of Lin hai.” Written by → Shen Ying 沈瑩. 1 juan. The book describes the scenery and local products of Lin hai commandery in the State of Wu 吳, an area that included the coastal regions in the south of present-day Zhe jiang 浙 江 and the northern parts of Fu jian 福建. The original text is lost, but the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → ZLBC, and other books contain many fragments. LSZ refers to the work both as Lin hai yi wu zhi [10] and as Lin hai shui tu ji 臨海水土記, “Records of the Waters and Lands of Lin hai,” [6] by Shen Ying in his bibliographical sections and the main text, thus providing the text with a double entry. He also cites it as Lin hai zhi 臨海志, “Records of Lin hai,” [8], Lin hai ji 臨海記, “Records of Lin hai,” [2], Lin hai feng tu ji 臨海風土記, “Records of Customs and Geographical Surroundings of Lin hai,” [1], and Shui tu ji 水土 記, “Records of Waters and Lands.” Lin hai zhi 臨海志 → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 Lin Hong 林洪 [4] Southern Song 宋 writer. Style name Longfa 龍發, literary name Keshan 可山, “Mount Ke,” therefore popularly known as Lin Keshan 林可山. A man of Wen ling 溫陵, now Quan zhou 泉州 in Fu jian 福建, who lived around the jia xi 嘉 熙 reign period (1237-1240). He wandered about the Yangzi and Huai 淮 river area for 20 years and was the author of a large number of books, including the Wen fang tu zan 文房圖贊, “Illustrated Eulogies from the Literature Room,” the → Shan jia qing gong 山家清供 and the Shan jia qing shi 山家清事, “Pure Matters of the Mountain People.”

286 Lin Jingqi 林靜齊 → Lin Jingzhai 林靜齋 Lin Jingzhai 林靜齋 Ming 明 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Fu shou jing fang 扶壽精方 lists a recipe of his to prevent “sores with pimples” (chuang jie 瘡癤). LSZ takes this over in SE zao jia 皂莢 but erroneously writes Lin’s name Lin Jingqi 林靜齊 [1]. Lin Lingsu 林靈素 [1] Late Northern Song 宋 Daoist. A man from Wen zhou 溫州 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. His recipes won him the favor of emperor → Song Hui zong 宋徽宗 (r. 1100-1125), who conferred upon him the literary name Tongzhen daling xiansheng 通真達靈先生, “The Gentleman Who Penetrates Perfection and and Attains the Numinous.” Later he was given further literary names: Yuanmiao xiansheng 元妙先生, “Gentleman of Original Excellence,” and Jinmen yuke 金門羽 客, “Daoist Priest of the Golden Gate.” In SE fu ping 浮萍, LSZ states that Lin was able to translate a recipe for “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中風) from an ancient Sanskrit poem but does not specify the source of this information. Lin shi 林氏, “Mr. Lin” (897-?) [2] This is Lin Han 林罕, a Five Dynasties lexicographer from the kingdom of Later Shu 蜀. Style name Zhongjian 仲緘, a man of Wen jiang 溫江, now part of Cheng du 成都. Author of the → Lin shi xiao shuo 林氏小説, he had great influence on Song 宋 dynasty philology. Lin shi 藺氏 → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方 Lin shi fang 藺氏方 → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方 Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. Lin” Lost medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Lin shi 藺氏, “Mr. Lin.” DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. LSZ cites the work as Lin shi jing yan fang [10], as Lin shi fang 藺氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Lin,” [1], or simply referring to the author as Lin shi 藺氏, “Mr. Lin,” [2]. In SE zao jia 皂莢 he erroneously writes Lan shi jing yan fang 籣氏經 驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Mr. Lan,” [1]. Lin shi xiao shuo 林氏小説, “Trivial remarks by Mr. Lin” [2] Five Dynasties period lexicographical text. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi hou zhi 郡齋 讀書志後志, “Supplementary Treatise to the Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN Zi yuan pian pang xiao shuo 字源偏旁小説, “Trivial Remarks on Etymology and Character Components.” Written by Lin Han 林罕 (→ Lin shi 林氏). DC 949. 3 juan. Lin attempted to explain the origins of characters, arranging them according to 541 character components. This is one more than in the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 , and the characters included also differed from the → Xu Shen 許慎 text to some extent. The original work is lost, but the → Pi ya 埤雅 and many other Song 宋 dynasty books cite material from it. LSZ cites the book second hand from the Pi ya in his bibliographical sections and the main text without naming the author.

287 Lin Xundao 林訓導 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person from Guang ji 廣濟, now Wu xue 武穴 in Hu bei 湖北. He once suffered from “phlegm cough” (tan sou 痰嗽) and ingested gypsum but was not cured by it. LSZ cites this in SE shi gao 石膏. Lin yanzhen 林彥振 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. In SE zhu sha 朱砂, LSZ cites a report about his death following the ingestion of dan sha 丹砂 from the Bi shu lu hua 避暑錄話, “Recorded Talks from the Summer Resort,” (→ Bi shu lu 避暑錄). Lin yi 林億 [3] Song 宋 dynasty high official and medical expert. Exact biographical data unavailable. Among other posts, Lin worked as a court physician. After the establishment of an office for the editing of medical books in 1057, Lin Yi participated in the editing of the Jia you bu zhu Shen nong ben cao 嘉祐補注神農本草, “The Shen nong ben cao, Supplemented and Annotated during the Jia you Reign Period,” (→ Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草). During the xi ning 熙寧 reign period (10681077), together with → Sun Zhao 孫兆 and others, he completed the Song editions of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, the → Ling shu jing 靈樞經, the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, and many other important medical texts. Lin yi guo ji 林邑國記 → Lin yi ji 林邑記 Lin yi ji 林邑記, “records of Lin yi” Lost book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Authorship and DC uncertain, sometimes attributed to → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔 of the Han 漢 dynasty. The earliest evidence of the text is a citation in the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀 of 306. 1 juan. Lin yi is the name of an old state in the central southern parts of Vietnam, later called Zhan cheng 占城, Champa, etc. The book describes scenery and products of the area. The original book was lost early and for that reason does not appear in the standard bibliographies. Many fragments are found in the Tai ping yu lan and other books. The → Shuo fu 説 郛 includes a reconstruction but does not indicate an author. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections, attributing it to Dongfang Shuo. He also cites it second hand from other sources in the main text, referring to the work as Lin yi ji [4] and as Lin yi guo ji 林邑國記, “Records of the State Lin yi,” [1]. Lin yi wang 林邑王, “King of Lin yi” [1] King of the state of Lin yi 林邑, today’s central Vietnam. According to a legend in the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, during the Jin 晉 period the King of Lin yi had a grudge against the King of Nan yue 南越 (→ Zhao Tuo 趙佗). He sent someone there to stab him to death, took his head and suspended it in a tree where it transformed to a coconut. LSZ cites this in SE ye zi 椰子. Linchuan ji 臨川集, “Collection of [Wang] Linchuan” [1] This is the a literary collection of → Wang Anshi 王安石. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Linchuan xiansheng wen ji 臨川先生文集, “Literary Collection of the Gentleman of Lin chuan.” 100 juan (AV 130 juan). The title refers to the native

288 place of Wang Anshi. The compilation was begun during the late Northern Song 宋 dynasty by Xue Ang 薛昂, and after the Southern Song there were many printed editions that all contain poetry and essays of Wang Anshi. LSZ lists the collection in his bibliographical sections but does not seem to cite it in the main text. One poem of Wang’s that LSZ does cite, the Ying shi 癭詩, “Poem about Goitre,” [1], does not appear in the Linchuan ji but is found in the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚 of → Zhu Mu 祝穆 and the Wang Jing gong shi zhu 王荊公詩注, “Notes on the Poetry of Wang Jing gong,” of Li Bi 李壁. The Shi wen lei ju is an important reference work for LSZ, so it is to be assumed that it was his source for the poem. Ling 靈 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Ling bao bi fa 靈寶畢法, “all the Methods of the Numinous Treasure” [1] Daoist book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises,” which states that the text was given to Lü gong 呂公, “Honorable Mr. Lü,” by one Zhong Li 鐘離. According to the annotated table of contents of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經), it goes back to a Yunfang zhenren Zhong Liquan 雲房真人鐘離權, “Zhong Liquan, the Perfected One of the Cloud Chamber.” 10 juan (AV 3 juan). The text is a discourse on the ascending and descending of yin and yang between heaven and earth, and on the Dao of creating elixirs to attain immortality. It is quoted in the → Ben shi fang 本事方 and cited second hand by LSZ in SE mu gua 木瓜. Ling bao fang 靈寶方, “recipes of the Numinous Treasure” [1] Tang 唐 or pre-Tang Daoist book. Author and DC unknown. The text is quoted in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 and cited second hand by LSZ in SE tan huan 檀桓. Ling bao wu fu jing 靈寶五符經 → Wu fu jing 五符經 Ling biao lu 岭表錄 → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異 Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異, “records of Extraordinary Things from Ling biao” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Liu Xun 劉 恂. DC early 10th century, but some material from the Five Dynasties is also included. 3 juan. This is the earliest book on the geography and customs of the Ling nan 嶺南 area. The work provides very precise information on local customs, products, travellers’ tales, and the interpretation of names. The original book is lost, but extensive fragments are found in the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太 平寰宇記, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books, with particularly detailed data in the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period.” Extensive citations are also found in the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 and the → TJBC. LSZ cites the book as Ling biao lu yi [27], as Ling biao lu 岭表錄, “Records of Ling biao,” [19], and in connection with Liu’s name as Lu yi ji 錄異記, “Records Recording the Extraordinary.” In SE jie 芥, LSZ mistakenly calls the text → Ling nan yi wu zhi 嶺南 異物志, erroneously assigning this work to Liu Xun.

289 Ling cao pian 靈草篇, “Chapter on Numinous Herbs” [1] Daoist piece of writing. The → Zao hua zhi nan 造化指南 lists 53 types of “numinous herbs” (ling cao 靈草), so possibly the Ling cao pian is a chapter from this book. However, the term ling cao also appears in various other Daoist books, and which text LSZ is referring to in SE yan fu zi 鹽麩子 remains uncertain. Ling di 靈帝, “Emperor Ling” (157-189) [1] This is Liu Hong 劉宏, the Eastern Han 漢 emperor, r. 167-189. LSZ recounts a miraculous story about → Huang shi mu 黃氏母 that is said to have occured during his reign. Ling Hanzhang 凌漢章 [1] Ming 明 dynasty expert on acumoxa therapy. A man of Hu zhou 湖州 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. During the cheng hua 成化 (1465-1487) and hong zhi 弘 治 (1488-1505) reign periods, he was renowned for his skills in needling and cauterization. The → Shi yan fang 試驗方 of → Tan Yeweng 談野翁 lists a recipe of his to cure facial “poison sores” (du chuang 毒瘡). LSZ cites this in SE wo niu 蝸牛. Ling nan fang 嶺南方, “recipes from Ling nan” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe collection. EE → TJBC. AN Guang nan fang 廣南方, “Recipes from Guang nan.” Written by → Wang Fangqing 王方慶. DC 2nd half of the 7th century. Size uncertain. Fragments are preserved in the TJBC, from which LSZ cites the book second hand. He refers to it as Ling nan fang [5], as Guang nan fang [1], or using the name of the author, Wang Fangqing [1], to stand for the book. Ling nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方, “recipes from Ling nan to Protect Life” Song 宋 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by Li Qiu 李璆 (→ Li dai zhi 李待制) and Zhang Zhiyuan 張致遠, revised by the monk → Jihong 繼洪. DC 1227, revised 1264. 3 juan (revised edition 4 juan). Jihong took the texts of the afore-mentioned authors as a basis and added material from various discourses on “miasmatic malaria” (zhang nüe 瘴瘧). He included editions of a Zhang nüe lun 瘴瘧 論, “Discourse on Miasmatic Malaria,” by Li dai zhi and one by Zhang ji shi 張 給事, “Zhang the Supervising Secretary,” (official title of Zhang Zhiyuan), as well as a Zhi mi fang 指迷方, “Guidance Recipes,” by Wang Fei 王棐 and other texts, then adding his own comments to these treatises. The book was rare, but LSZ does cite it without naming an author. He also cites material by Li dai zhi and other people second hand from this work. Ling nan yi wu zhi 嶺南異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Ling nan” [8] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Meng Guan 孟琯. DC 9th century. 1 juan. Fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太 平御覽, the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, and other works. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and in the main text. In SE jie 芥 he mistakenly attributes

290 the book to → Liu Xun 劉恂, but the material he quotes is clearly from Meng Guan’s work and not from Liu’s → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異. Ling ren 凌人, “Ice Man” [1] Official post recorded in the → Zhou li 周禮, a name for the person charged with the storing and delivering of ice. Ling shu 靈樞 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Ling shu jing 靈樞經, “Classic of the Numinous Pivot” Medical theory book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Zhen jing 針經, “Classic of Needling.” Today considered one of the texts making up the Huang di nei jing 黃帝內經, “Inner Classic of the Yellow Thearch,” along with the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素 問. The book had limited circulation from Jin 晉 to Tang 唐 times and was first printed in 1155. It discusses conduits and network vessels, acupuncture points, viscera, disease mechanisms and acupuncture practice in detail. LSZ cites the book as Ling shu jing [11], as Zhen jing [1], as Ling shu 靈樞, “Numinous Pivot,” [3], and as Ling 靈, “Numinous,” [1]. He also cites individual chapters, i.e., the Ben zang lun 本臟論, “Basic Discourse on the Long-Term Depots,” [1], the Gu du pian 骨 度篇, “Chapter on Bone Measurement,” [1], and the Jiu zhen lun 九針論, “Discourse on the Nine Needles,” [1]. Ling xian lu 靈仙錄, “records of Numinous Immortals” [1] Probably an incorrect name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections without indicating an author, but in the main text refers to a → Yun xian lu 雲仙錄, which is in turn not cited in his bibliography. Thus, Ling xian lu might be an erroneous designation for this work. Ling yuan fang 靈苑方, “recipes from the Numinous Garden” [24] Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Sui chu tang shu mu 遂初堂書 目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Entering Seclusion.” Written by → Shen Gua 沈 括. DC qing li 慶歷 to xi ning 熙寧 reign periods (1041-1077). 20 juan. Fragments are found in various sources including the → ZLBC, the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書, and the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方. LSZ cites the book second hand from these sources. Ling zhi ji 靈芝記, “Ganoderma records” [1] Lost book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Attributed there to an otherwise unknown → Mu Xiujing 穆修靖. DC Tang 唐 or Song 宋 (?). 5 juan. The Song shi claims the book was annotated by Luo Gongyuan 羅公逺, a legendary Daoist immortal said to have lived during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (712-741). Since the attribution of annotations to Luo Gongyuan is probably false, it is to be assumed that the book was written sometime between the Tang and Song dynasties. The lost text is not cited in any later books, and LSZ likewise only lists the book in his bibliographical sections without citing it in the main text.

291 Ling zhi rui cao jing 靈芝瑞草經, “The Ganoderma and Rui-Herb Classic” Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC and size uncertain. LSZ cites it second hand from the ZLBC as Ling zhi rui cao jing [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Rui cao jing 瑞草經, “The Rui Herb Classic,” [1] in the main text. Linghu jiang jun 令狐將軍, “General Linghu” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general. Personal name unknown, a contemporary of → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 (772-842). According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, Liu Yuxi frequently suffered from dysentery until the general supplied him with a recipe with he li le 訶黎勒 as the main ingredient, and he was cured. Lingyang Zizhong 陵陽子仲 [1] Jin 晉 or pre-Jin immortal. According to the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , he regularly ingested polygala root and obtained the Dao. LSZ mentions him in SE yuan zhi 遠志. Liu an 劉安 (179-122 BC) Western Han 漢 prince, thinker, and literary scholar, a grandson of the Han founder Liu Bang 劉邦 (→ Han Gao zu 漢高祖). A man of Feng 豐 in Pei jun 沛郡, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He succeeded his father as Huai nan wang 淮 南王, “Prince of Huai nan,” and was thus called Huai nan gong 淮南公, “Lord of Huai nan,” or Huai nan zi 淮南子, “Master of Huai nan.” Liu gathered a great number of scholars and masters of recipes (fang shi 方士) at his court and collected their ideas and knowledge into the → Huai nan zi 淮南子, one of the philosophical miscellaneous works (za jia 雜家) of the Western Han. Along with the Huai nan zi, Liu is also attributed the → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南 萬畢術. Later works on life cultivation often assume his name for authorship, sometimes calling him Liu Jun’an 劉君安. In 122 Liu An failed in a coup attempt against → Han Wu di 漢武帝 and commited suicide. LSZ refers to Liu as Liu An [1], as Huai nan wang [2], and as Liu Jun’an [2]. The quotations labeled Liu Jun’an are taken from the → ZLBC, which attributes methods for life cultivation from the → Fu qi jing yi fang 服氣精義方 to Liu. LSZ also transmits the legend of Liu An as the inventor of dou fu 豆腐. Liu An is attributed other works as well, e.g., the → Huai nan wang shi jing 淮南王食經, but there is no evidence that these were actually written by him. Liu an 柳岸 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Served as army supervisor of Xiang zhou 襄州. According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, his wife (→ Dou shi 竇氏) suffered from “oral gan-illness” (kou gan 口疳) for 15 years. Eventually she ingested a decoction with shan li zi 山李子 and was cured. LSZ cites this in SE shu li 鼠李. Liu Biao 劉表 (142-208) [1] Eastern Han 漢 official. Style name Jingsheng 景升, a man of Gao ping 高平 in Shan yang 山陽, in the northeast of present-day Yu tai 魚台 in Shan dong 山東. Served as Regional Inspector (ci shi 刺史) of Jing zhou 荊州. LSZ mentions him in a quote from the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆 in SE yu shi 礜石.

292 Liu Bowen 劉伯溫 (1311-1375) [2] This is the style name of Liu Ji 劉基, a Ming 明 dynasty high official. A man of Qing tian 青田 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi during the late Yuan 元 period. He held a local office and helped the Ming army of Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝) but later retired to live in seclusion. He wrote the Yuli zi 鬱離子, “The Bamboo Master,” and is attributed the → Duo neng bi shi 多能鄙事. Liu Changchun 劉長春 (1351-1432) This is the literary name of Liu Yuanran 劉淵然, a Ming 明 dynasty Daoist. A man of Zhang gong 章貢, now Gan zhou 贛州 in Jiang xi 江西. Working at a Daoist temple in his youth, he acquired medical knowledge and his teacher → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真 transmitted some medical texts to him. In 1393 he received his first literary name, Gaodao 高道, “Great Dao,” and went to live at a Daoist temple in Nan jing 南京. After moving to Bei jing 北京, he received the literary name Changchun zhenren 長春真人, “The Perfected One of Eternal Spring,” in 1425 and was therefore mostly called Liu Changchun. Liu edited the eight medical texts transmitted to him by his teacher and passed them on to his follower → Shao Yizheng 邵以正, who supplemented and compiled them to produce the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂. When quoting individual books from this collection, LSZ frequently confuses the different authors. He attributes the same → Jing yan fang 經驗方  to Shao Yizheng and erroneously in other places to Liu Changchun or Zhao Yizhen, and the → Ji ji xian fang 濟急 仙方 is attributed to all three authors as well. Liu Chun 劉純 [6] Ming 明 dynasty medical theorist. Style name Zonghou 宗厚. Originally from Wu ling 吳陵 in Huai nan 淮南, he moved to Xian ning 咸寧 in Guan zhong 關中, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西, during the hong wu 洪武 reign period (1368-1398). His father was a disciple of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 and a famous physician, and Liu followed in his footsteps studying with his father and other important physicians of the time, Feng Tinggan 馮庭幹 among others. The Yi xue zhe zhong 醫學折衷, “Synthesis of Medical Studies,” of Feng’s teacher → Xu Yanchun 徐彥純 was revised and enlarged by Liu Chun to produce the → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義. Liu was also the author of the → Yi jing xiao xue 醫經小學, the Shang han zhi li 傷寒治例, “Examples for the Treatment of Harm Caused by Cold,” the → Za bing zhi li 雜病治例, and other books. LSZ, in the bibliographical entry on the → Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括, also attributes a → Ge kuo 歌括 and a → Yao xing fu 藥性賦  to Liu but only cites one poem of his on a wei 阿魏. This material is taken from a section called Yao xing zhi zhang 藥性指 掌, “Showing the Easy Matters Concerning the Nature of Medicinals,” in the Yi jing xiao xue and not from any individual book called Ben cao ge kuo. Liu Cong 劉聰 (died 318) [1] Ruler of Former Zhao 趙 during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, r. 310-318. Son of → Liu Yuan 劉淵. According to the Shi liu guo chun qiu 十六國春秋, “Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms” (→ Shi liu guo shi 十六國史),

293 his mother was pregnant for 15 months before she gave birth to him. LSZ cites this story in SE ren gui 人傀 but gives the → San shi guo chun qiu 三十國春秋 as his source. Liu Congzhou 劉從周 [1] Northern Song 宋 physician. A man of Qu jiang 曲江 in Shao zhou 韶州, in the southwest of Shao guan 韶關 in Guang dong 廣東. During the reign of → Song Zhen zong 宋真宗 (r. 998-1022) he was famous for his medical skills and doctrines that differed from what was customary at the time. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 quotes a recipe Liu employed to cure “suspended obstruction-illness” (xuan yong 懸癰). In SE gan cao 甘草, LSZ gives the → Yong ju fang lun 癰 疽方論 of → Li Xun 李迅 as his source for this recipe, but the extant version of this text has no such content. Liu de 劉德 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty physician. A man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 徐州. He worked as a court physician commandant (tai yi xiao wei 太醫 校尉) and was particularly noted for his treatment of “depletion-exhaustion” (xu lao 虛勞). LSZ takes over his name from another source. Liu Fang 劉昉 (?-1150) [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Fangming 方明, a man of Chao yang 潮 陽, now part of Guang dong 廣東, jin shi 1124. Liu held various court and local posts and loved books, collecting medical books in particular. He ordered the composition of the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 but was unable to complete the compendium himself. In the end, the book was completed and published by Lou Shou 樓璹. Liu fu 榴賦, “rhapsody on the Pomegranate” [1] Western Jin 晉 fu 賦. AN Shi liu fu 石榴賦, “Rhapsody on the Pomegranate.” Written by → Fu Xuan 傅玄. The text is a eulogy of the beautiful red color displayed by the opening blossoms of the pomegranate tree. LSZ cites one sentence from it in SE an shi liu 安石榴. Liu Fuzhen 劉復真 [1] This is the literary name of Liu Kai 劉開, a Southern Song 宋 Daoist and physician. Style name Lizhi 立之, a man of Lu shan 廬山 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Liu had studied with the famous physician Cui Jiayan 崔嘉彥 and further developed the latter’s pulse doctrine. During the chun you 淳祐 reign period (1241-1252), he was called to the imperial court where he was called a “divine physician” (shen yi 神醫). He wrote the Mai jue li xuan mi yao 脈訣理玄秘 要, “Mysterious Arcane Essentials of the Principles of Rhymed Instructions on [Movements in] the Vessels,” and numerous other medical books. LSZ mentions him in SE yang 羊. Liu Gen bie zhuan 劉根別傳, “Supplementary Biography of Liu Gen” Lost, anonymous Daoist text. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽. DC Eastern Jin 晉. Size uncertain. The text details stories about pills consumed by immortals. Liu Gen was a Daoist during the time of → Han Wu di

294 漢武帝 (r. 140-87 BCE), who is said to have retired to Mount Song 嵩 to live as an ascetic. Fragments of the Liu Gen bie zhuan are found in the Tai ping yu lan, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Liu Gen bie zhuan [2] and Liu Gen zhuan 劉根傳, “Biography of Liu Gen,” [1] from the Tai ping yu lan, which only refers to a Liu Gen bie zhuan. Liu Gen zhuan 劉根傳 → Liu Gen bie zhuan 劉根別傳 Liu Gongfu 劉貢父 (1023-1089) [1] This is the style name of Liu Ban 劉攽, a Northern Song 宋 high official and historiographer. Literary name Gongfei 公非, “Honorable Nonexistence,” a man of Xin yu 新喻 in Lin jiang 臨江, now part of Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi 1046. He held various regional and national posts and was the author of the → Shao yao pu 芍藥譜, a Dong Han kan wu 東漢刊誤, “Correction of Errors in the [History of the] Eastern Han,” a Peng cheng ji 彭城集, “Collection from Peng cheng,” a Gongfei xiansheng ji zhong 公非先生集中, “Assemblage of Scattered Writings of the Gentleman Gongfei,” and other books. He also assisted → Sima Guang 司 馬光 in writing the Zi zhi tong jian 資治通鑒, “Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Governing.” Liu Guoying 劉國英 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, among recipes of → Fan Wang 范汪, lists a secret recipe by Liu Guoying, and LSZ takes this over in SE wu tou 烏頭. Liu Han 劉翰 (919-990) [3] Northern Song 宋 medical official. A man of Lin jin 臨津 in Cang zhou 滄州, now Cang zhou in He bei 河北. In 955 he presented a medical book to the emperor and was made a medical scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. Along with → Ma Zhi 馬志 and others, Liu was one of the primary authors of the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草. Liu Hejian 劉河間 → Liu Wansu 劉完素. Liu Huo 劉㦎 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty person. A man of Qing zhou 青州 in present-day Shan dong 山東. According to the → Yi yuan 異苑, he shot a roebuck during the yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424-453). After dissecting its entrails and stuffing them with an herb, the roebuck came back to life and stood up. Ever since, this herb (identified by at least one author as di song 地菘, which is tian ming jing 天名精) was used to treat wounds, and it was called “Liu Huo’s herb” (liu huo cao 劉㦎草). LSZ mentions him in SE·tian ming jing 天名精. Liu Ji 劉績 [7] Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 figure, sometimes written Liu Ji 鎦績. Style name Mengxi 孟熙. His ancestors came from Luo yang 洛陽 but later moved to the Shan yin 山陰 area. This is why the Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Bibliography of the Thousand Acre Hall,” makes him a man of Kuai ji 會稽, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. His father was an expert in the → Mao shi 毛

295 詩 and headed a private academy during Yuan times. Liu Ji took up his father’s scholarly traditions and thus developed a critical eye for the interpretation of literature. He was the author of the → Fei xue lu 霏雪錄 and the lost Song yang gao shi lü 嵩陽稿詩律, “Rules of Prosody in the Drafts from Song yang.” During early Ming there was another person of the name Liu Ji (style name Yongxi 用 熙, literary name Luquan 廬泉, “Hut Source,” a man of Jiang xia 江夏 in present-day Hu bei 湖北), but that was not the author of the Fei xue lu. Liu jie zang xiang lun 六節臟象論 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. Liu Jinghui 劉景輝 [1] Song 宋 dynasty official. Served in a minor post at the Secretariat (zhong shu 中 書). He was given a preparation called “cupful of purple clouds” (zi xia bei 紫霞 杯, made from sulfur and further pharmaceutical substances) which, if taken in wine, helped to cure feebleness. Later he presented this method to → Song Hui zong 徽宗. LSZ cites this story in SE shi liu huang 石硫黃 and offers details on the preparation of the formula. Liu Jingshu 劉敬叔 (5th century) [8] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty scholar. A man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. In 417 he served as an Eastern Jin 晉 military official but later served Liu Song, gaining a court appointment in 426. He died some time during the tai shi 泰始 reign period (465-471). Author of the → Yi yuan 異苑. Liu Jinu 劉寄奴 → Liu Yu 劉裕 Liu Juanzi 劉涓子 (c. 4th, 5th centuries) [4] Physician of the late Jin 晉, early Liu Song 劉宋 dynasties, no definite details about his life available. Tradition has it that he received a Yong ju fang 癰疽方, “Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Obstruction- and Impediment-Illnesses,” and some pharmaceutical substances for use in external medicine from the ghost Huangfu 黃父. He is said to have then cured Emperor Wu 武 of Liu Song from a severe wound at the beginning of the 5th century. On the basis of the Yong ju fang and his experiences, he wrote the now lost Gui yi fang 鬼遺方, “Recipes Handed Down by Ghosts,” in 10 juan, which, in turn, was further expanded at the very end of the 5th century to produce the → Liu Juanzi gui yi fang 劉涓子 鬼遺方. Liu Juanzi fang 劉涓子方 → Liu Juanzi gui yi fang 劉涓子鬼遺方 Liu Juanzi gui yi fang 劉涓子鬼遺方, “recipes of Liu Juanzi, Handed down by Ghosts” Book on external medicine. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Gui yi fang 鬼遺方, “Recipes Handed Down by Ghosts.” Attributed to → Liu Juanzi 劉涓子 during the early 5th century, revised at the end of the 5th century by Gong Qingxuan 龔慶宣. DC (revised version) 499. 10 juan, 5 still extant. Tradition has it that Liu Juanzi received a Yong ju fang 癰疽方, “Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Obstruction- and Impediment-Illnesses,” from the ghost Huangfu 黃父, thus the name. The original 10 juan volume is lost, but some of its material is preserved in the → Wai tai mi yao

296 fang 外臺秘要方 and the → ZLBC. The extant 5 juan volume discusses the causes for abscesses, their differentiation and treatment, as well as treatment methods for metal-inflicted wounds. LSZ quotes the work as Liu Juanzi gui yi fang [13], as Gui yi fang [3], as Liu Juanzi fang 劉涓子方, “Recipes of Liu Juan zi,” [1], or simply referring to the name of the assumed author Liu Juanzi [4]. Liu Jun 劉君 [1] Liang 梁 dynasty Daoist. Details about his life are unavailable. The Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) states that a Xian jing 仙經, “Classic of Immortals,” recorded his usage of “powder to guide immortals” (dao xian san 導仙散). LSZ cites this in SE shi nao 石腦. Liu Jun 劉均 → Liu Junguo 劉均國 Liu Jun’an 劉君安 → Liu An 劉安 Liu Junguo 劉均國 Early Southern Song 宋 official, a man of Ying chuan 颍川, now Xu chang 許 昌 in He nan 河南. The → Chun zhu ji wen 春渚紀聞 relates a story of how he used grass to close a leaking box filled with mercury. After an extensive period of time, the mercury had transformed into gold. LSZ cites this story in SE tou shan gen 透山根 but erroneously gives his name as Liu Jun 劉均 [1]. Liu Juzhong 劉居中 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 records that he saw a lizard spitting hail. LSZ cites this in SE shi long zi 石龍子. Liu Keyong 劉克用 This is the style name of Liu Quanbei 劉全備, a Ming 明 dynasty medical expert. Fl. late 14th to early 15th centuries, a man of Ke cheng 柯城, now Qu zhou 衢州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He was widely read in medical literature, a successful practitioner, and the author of the Zhu jie bing ji fu 注解病機賦, “Annotated and Explained Rhapsodies on Disease Mechanisms,” (→ Bing ji fu 病機賦) and the Zhu jie yao xing fu 注解藥性賦, “Annotated and Explained Rhapsody on the Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances,” (→ Yao xing fu 藥性賦 ). LSZ refers to him as Liu Keyong [2] and as Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu,” [1]. Liu Liang 劉亮 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 official, a man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He rose in rank because of his military achievements and held office as Regional Inspector (ci shi 刺史) of Liang zhou 梁州 and Yi zhou 益州. He died from ingesting an alchemical elixir that contained bai bian fu 白蝙蝠 and bai chan chu 白蟾蜍. LSZ cites this in SE fu yi 伏翼. Liu Liuzhou 柳柳州 → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 Liu Meng 劉蒙 Northern Song 宋 man from Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. LSZ erroneously writes his name Liu Mengquan 劉蒙泉 [2]. In 1104 he

297 travelled to Long men 龍門 in Luo yang 洛陽 to visit Liu Yuansun 劉元孫. Enchanted by the chrysanthemums his host cultivated, he wrote a → Ju pu 菊譜 . Liu Mengde 劉夢得 → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 Liu Mengquan 劉蒙泉 → Liu Meng 劉蒙 Liu Mi 柳泌 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist. According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he used mercury to prepare a longevity drug. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Liu Ping 劉憑 [2] Western Han 漢 person, fl. during the reign of → Han Wu di 漢武帝 (r. 140-87 BCE). A man of Pei jun 沛郡, now Pei xian 沛縣 in Jiang su 江蘇. He received an enfeoffment for his military achievements but later studied with Ji Qiuzi 稷 丘子 to obtain the Dao. Legend has it that he lived for more than 300 years and still looked young. Events about his life are recorded in the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳. The → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 claims that Liu Ping regularly consumed shi gui yu 石桂魚, possibly identifiable as mandarin fish. LSZ cites this in SE gui yu 鱖魚. Liu Qi 劉跂 (died 1117) [4] Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Sili 斯立. Originally from Dong guang 東光, now Cang zhou 滄州 in He bei 河北, he lived in Dong ping 東平 in Shan dong 山東. Liu passed the jin shi examinations in 1079 and served in various regional offices. In his old age, he founded a studio for the study of the → Zhou yi 周易 and was thus known as the Xueyi xiansheng 學易先生, “The Gentleman Who Studies the [Book of ] Changes.” He was the author, among other works, of the → Xiao ri ji 暇日記 and of a biography of the pediatrician → Qian Yi 錢 乙, the Qian Zhongyang zhuan 錢仲陽傳, “Biography of Qian Zhongyang,” (→ Qian Yi zhuan 錢乙傳 ), which is attached to the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒 藥證直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” (→ Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣). Liu Qingxiao 劉清嘯 Southern Song 宋 person, a musician from Yi chang 益昌. A servant girl from his household called → Hua Cui 花翠 was cured with pills made of cang zhu 蒼 术. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 术. Liu ruan 劉阮, “Liu and ruan” [1] These are Liu Chen 劉晨 and Ruan Zhao 阮肇, two Eastern Han 漢 men of Yan xian 剡縣 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. According to the → You ming lu 幽 明錄, they went to Tian tai 天台 in 62 CE and met a female immortal who fed them a rice dish with hu ma 胡麻. They stayed there for half a year, but when they returned home, seven generations had passed. LSZ cites this in SE hu ma 胡麻. Liu ruyi 劉汝翼 Southern Song 宋 official, a man of Shao xing 紹興 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙 江. Liu served in a detached (zhu po 駐泊) military unit and was therefore called Liu zhu bo 劉駐泊, “Liu the Detached Official.” The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選 方 names him as a source of several recipes and records his case histories. LSZ

298 cites one of these in SE gua lou 栝樓 but erroneously gives Liu’s name as Liu Zhu 劉駐 [1]. Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu”, “Mrs. Liu” Name of various persons, mostly medical authors. In three cases it is impossible to identify the person referred to.  [4] In connection with the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方, this is Liu Tianhe 劉天和 (→ Liu Songshi 劉松石).  [3] In → Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方, this is an uncertain reference to either → Liu Changchun 劉長春 or Liu Tianhe 劉天和 (→ Liu Songshi 劉松 石).  [1] Unidentifiable author of the → Liu shi xiao er fang 劉氏小兒方.

 [1] In connection with the → Bing ji fu 病機賦, this is → Liu Keyong 劉克用.

 [1] In connection with Liu’s nickname Hejian 河間, this is → Liu Wansu 劉 完素, author of various medical books.

 [1] In a case record by LSZ himself, this is a concubine of a Ming 明 dynasty prince (→ Jing He wang 荊和王), from the Liu 劉 clan. She suffered from “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中風) at the age of 70, with loss of consciousness and lockjaw. When all physicians consulted were unable to make her ingest the required medication, eventually one of her teeth was broken out and a decoction with li lu 藜蘆 was forced into her. This brought the cure.

 [1] → Yan shan Liu shi fang 鹽山劉氏方 Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. Liu” [3] Uncertain reference to one of the following texts:  → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方

 The → Jing yan fang 經驗方  , which LSZ sometimes erroneously attributes to → Liu Changchun 劉長春. Liu shi xiao er fang 劉氏小兒方, “Mr. Liu’s recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children” [1] Lost book on pediatric recipes. EE BCGM. No details available. The book is not listed in LSZ’s bibliographical sections, but one recipe is quoted in the main text. This recipe is not found in the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書 of → Liu Fang 劉 昉 or elsewhere, so it is impossible to determine which author and text is being referred to. Liu Shizhen 劉師貞 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. Style name Wentong 文通, a man of Peng cheng 彭城, now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. The → Shi xi 史系 relates a story of how he served his relatives with utmost piety and in a dream was shown a recipe with qiang huo 羌活 to cure wind disease by a divine person. LSZ takes this over in his main text but erroneously calls his source Wen xi 文系, “Literary Systems.”

299 Liu Shouzhen 劉守真 → Liu Wansu 劉完素 Liu shu ben yi 六書本義, “The Original Meanings of the Six Categories of Characters” [3] Ming 明 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Zhao Guze 趙 古則. DC 1378. 12 juan. The text gives a detailed analysis of the structure and interrelationships of the six categories of characters in accordance with the views of → Zheng Qiao 鄭樵. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Liu shu jing yao 六書精要 → Liu shu jing yun 六書精蘊 Liu shu jing yun 六書精蘊, “Profound Essentials of the Six Categories of Characters” Ming 明 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Wei Zicai 魏子才. DC 16th century. 6 juan plus 1 juan of phonological explanations. The book is extremely detailed for its kind. LSZ cites the book as Liu shu jing yun [4] and as Liu shu jing yao 六書精要, “Essentials of the Six Categories of Characters,” [1]. Liu shu zheng e 六書正訛, “Correcting Errors about the Six Categories of Characters” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty lexicographical text. FE → Yuan shi 元史, biography of Zhou Boqi 周伯琦. DC 1355. 5 juan. Written by Zhou Boqi, but LSZ mistakenly attributes the work to → Zhou Bi 周弼. See → Shuo wen zi yuan 説文字原 for more information. Liu Shuo 劉搠 → Liu Yuan 劉淵 Liu Song Wen di 劉宋文帝 (407-453) This is Liu Yijiang 劉義隆, emperor of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty, r. 424-453. LSZ informs of a woman who transformed to a male during his reign, and of → Huang Xiu 黃秀 who transformed into a bear. He refers to the emperor as Liu Song Wen di [1] and Song Wen di 宋文帝 [1] in SE ren gui 人傀. Liu Songhuang 劉松篁 → Liu Songshi 劉松石 Liu Songshi 劉松石, “Liu Pine rock” (died 1545) This is the literary name of Liu Tianhe 劉天和, a Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Yanghe 養和, LSZ also calls him Liu Songhuang 劉松篁. A man of Ma cheng 麻城 in Hu guang 湖廣, in present-day Hu bei 湖北, jin shi 1508. Liu held various central government offices. During his travels he collected medical recipes and wrote the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方. He also produced new editions of the Shang han liu shu 傷寒六書, “Six Books on Harm Caused by Cold,” (→ Shang han shi shu 傷寒十書), the You ke lei cui 幼科類萃, “Categorized Collection of Pediatrics,” and other books. LSZ refers to him as Liu Songshi [17], as Liu Songhuang [2], or just as Songhuang 松篁 [1] or Tianhe 天和 [1]. References to Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu”, alone could be to a number of writers including Liu Songshi.

300 Liu tai hou 柳太后, “Empress dowager Liu” [3] Northern and Southern dynasties person, mother of the last emperor of Chen 陳, Chen Shubao 陳叔寶, r. 582-589. Once she suffered from a “wind disease” (feng bing 風病) and was cured by → Xu Yinzong 許胤宗. Liu Tidian 劉提點 [1] Ming 明 times or pre-Ming person. In SE sha tang 沙糖, LSZ cites a recipe for smallpox associated with him. The later Zheng zhi zhun sheng 證治准繩, “Guidelines for Treating Pathological Conditions,” juan 83, also refers to Liu Tidian following its listing of a “four sages powder” (si sheng san 四聖散). Hence, a book of Liu’s may still have been extant during Ming times. Liu tie 六帖 → Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖 Liu Wansu 劉完素 (1120-1200) Famous Jin 金 dynasty medical expert and one of the major figures of the four Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 medical currents. Style name Shouzhen 守真, literary name Tongxuan chushi 通玄處士, “The Reclusive Scholar Who Penetrates the Profundities.” A man of He jian 河間 in present-day He bei 河北, therefore later known as Liu Hejian 劉河間. Liu emphasized the role of fire and heat as the primary causes for disease and mainly used cooling medicinals for treatment. Liu was the author of the Su wen xuan ji yuan bing shi 素問玄機原病式, “The Profound Principles [Documented] in the Su wen as Underlying Disease Patterns,” (→ Yuan bing shi 原病式), the Huang di su wen xuan ming lun fang 黃帝素問 宣明論方, “Recipes from the Discourse Illuminating the Yellow Thearch’s Basic Questions,” (→ Xuan ming fang 宣明方), the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣 宜保命集 (which LSZ incorrectly attributes to → Zhang Yuansu 張元素), possibly the → Shang han zhi ge 傷寒直格, and other books. LSZ cites Liu’s books frequently, referring to Liu as Liu Wansu [17], Liu Hejian [18], Liu Shouzhen 劉守真 [8], Hejian 河間 [2], Wansu 完素 [12], and Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu,” [1]. However, when mentioning these names he doesn’t always specify which of Liu’s books he is referring to. Liu wen 柳文 → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集 Liu Wuming 劉無名 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person, fl. around the kai cheng 開成 reign period (836-840). A man of Cheng du 成都. The → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, citing the Xian chuan shi yi 仙傳拾遺, “Supplementary Amplification to the Transmission of Immortals,” states that Liu ingested realgar and obtained longevity. LSZ cites this story in SE xiong huang 雄黃 but disqualifies it as the unreliable rhetoric of alchemists. Liu Wuniang 劉五娘 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty female medical specialist. According to the → Ben cao shi yi 本 草拾遺, she used decoctions with nu hui mu 奴會木 to cure children of “emaciation detriment” (shou sun 瘦損). LSZ erroneously gives a → Hai yao 海藥 as his source for this story. In addition he quotes a recipe associated with Liu Wuniang from the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, which is simply referred to a Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr./Mrs. Liu,” in the original text.

301 Liu Xi 劉熙 [23] Eastern Han 漢 expert on lexicography. Style name Chengguo 成國, a man of Bei hai 北海, now Chang le 昌樂 in Shan dong 山東. He was made governor (tai shou 太守) of Nan an 南安 in present-day Fu jian 福建 but was forced to flee from there during the jian an 建安 reign period (196-220). Liu Xi’s expertise in lexicography was strongly influenced by his knowledge of the etymology of characters. He was the author of the → Shi ming 釋名, one of the most important Han dynasty works on Chinese etymology. Liu Xiang 劉向 (c. 77-6 BCE) [4] Western Han 漢 Confucian scholar and writer. Born as Liu Gengsheng 劉更生, style name Zizheng 子政, a man of Pei jun 沛郡, now Pei xian 沛縣 in Jiang su 江蘇. He held various literary offices at court and was ordered to revise all kinds of books. He thus was able to compile the Bie lu 別錄, “Supplementary Record,” (not to be mistaken for the → MYBL), the earliest bibliographic work of China and a model for all later Chinese bibliographies. He revised and edited a great number of texts such as the → Chu ci 楚辭, the → Guan zi 管子 and the → Zhan guo ce 戰國策. Still extant of his own works are the → Hong fan wu xing zhuan 洪範五行傳, the → Shuo yuan 説苑. LSZ also attributes the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 to Liu Xiang, but this is doubted by post-Song 宋 scholars. Liu Xinqi 劉欣期 Man of the Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty. No details about his life available. Author of the → Jiao zhou ji 交州記. LSZ cites him as Liu Xinqi [10] and mistakenly writes his name Liu Xinqi 劉歆期 [1]. Liu Xinqi 劉歆期 → Liu Xinqi 劉欣期 Liu xiu cai Chunchen 劉秀才純臣, “Cultivated Talent Liu Chunchen” [1] This is Liu Chunchen 劉純臣, a Northern Song 宋 scholar. A man of Hai zhou 海州, apparently a candidate in the metropolitan examinations. He was approached by → Shen Gua 沈括 for details about the effects of honeysuckle vine (cf. → Wang Qi 王琪). LSZ mentions him in SE ren dong 忍冬. Liu Xuanzhen 劉玄真 Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist, fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756). Legend has it that he reached an age of approximately 300 years and consumed “dark and bright powder” (xuan ming fen 玄明粉) to prolong his life. This is recorded in the Xuan ming fen zhuan 玄明粉傳, “Notes on Dark and Bright Powder” (→ Xuan ming fen fang 玄明粉方). LSZ refers to him as Liu Xuanzhen [1] and as Xuanzhen 玄真 [1]. Liu Xun 劉恂 [31] Tang 唐 dynasty official. According to the → Sun pu 筍譜 of the Song 宋 monk → Zanning 贊寧 , Liu Xun held a post in Guang zhou 廣州 during the reign of Emperor Zhao zong 昭宗 (r. 889-904) and moved to Nan hai 南海 after that. Author of the → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異.

302 Liu Xun 劉勛 [1] Official of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Zitai 子台, a man of Lang ya 琅琊 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Served as governor of He nei 河內 and as a general. The commentary by Pei Songzhi 裴鬆 之 to the → Hua Tuo bie zhuan 華佗別傳 in the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) relates the story of → Hua Tuo 華佗 curing Liu Xun’s daughter of an ulcer. LSZ cites this in SE gou 狗. Liu yan 劉兗 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, served as Court Gentleman for Ceremony (feng li 奉 禮). Further details unknown. The → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 states that he used jia xiang 甲香 and other fragrant drugs to make perfume and incense. LSZ mentions him in SE hai luo 海螺. Liu yang 劉陽 → Liu Yi 劉易 Liu yi 劉易 Northern Song 宋 hermit who lived in seclusion on Mount Wang wu 王屋. According to the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, once he witnessed a spider biting a taro stalk to cure itself from a bee sting. Liu Yi thereafter used taro juice to cure bee stings. This story is quoted in the → ZLBC where Liu’s name is erroneously written Liu Tang 劉湯. LSZ takes it over in SE yu 芋 but again changes the name to an incorrect Liu Yang 劉陽 [1]. Liu yiqing 劉義慶 (403-444) [4] Literary scholar of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty. Style name Libo 季伯, a man of Peng cheng 彭城 now Xu zhou 徐州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He was a member of the Liu Song ruling house and held the hereditary rank of Prince of Lin chuan 臨川 as well as various high civil and military appointments. He is said to have loved literature and enjoyed contact with other literary scholars. Author of the → Shi shuo 世説, the → You ming lu 幽明錄, and other books. Liu yu 劉裕 (363-422) This is the emperor and founder of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty, Song Gao zu 宋 高祖, r. 420-422. Style name Deyu 德輿, baby name Jinu 寄奴. The pharmaceutical drug liu ji nu 劉寄奴 was named after him. LSZ refers to him in connection with the story behind this naming, with the emperor’s gift of hu po 琥珀 to his soldiers as a medication for battle wounds, and other events as Liu Yu [2], Song Gao zu [2], Liu Jinu 劉寄奴 [1], and Jinu [2]. Liu yu 劉郁 [9] Yuan 元 dynasty official. Style name Wenji 文季, literary name Guiyu 歸愚, “Returning to Simplicity,” a man of Zhen ding 真定 in He bei 河北. (AV Hun yuan 渾源 county in Da tong 大同, Shan xi 山西). He held various offices and even rose to the post of Investigating Censor (jian cha yu shi 監察御史) during the reign of qan Möngke (r. 1251-1259). In 1259, in connection with the campaigns of Hüle’ü, younger brother of qan Möngke and of Qubilai-qan (r. 1260-1294), Liu was sent west. He received an audience by Hüle’ü in Persia and, among other things, visited Baghdad, which had recently been captured by the Mongols. He

303 recorded his journey and much information on local geography and customs in the → Xi shi ji 西使記. Liu yuan 劉淵 (died 310) Founder and ruler of the Sixteen Dynasties Kingdom of Former Zhao 趙, r. 304310. Member of the Xiongnu 匈奴 tribes, style name Yuanhai 元海. According to the → Jin shu 晉書, his mother was pregnant for 13 months before she gave birth to him. LSZ takes this over in SE ren gui 人傀 but erroneously writes Liu’s name Liu Shuo 劉搠 [1]. Liu yuan 劉掾, “Clerk Liu” [1] This is LSZ’s designation for Liu Xiang 劉向, a Song 宋 dynasty person. According to the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編, Liu once resorted to gan shi 干柿 to cure “long-term depot poisoning” (zang du 臟毒). → Fang Shao 方勺 states: “My cousin Liu Xiang serves as yan yuan 嚴掾,” so yan yuan may have been some sort of civilian post. LSZ abbreviates Liu’s name and title to Liu yuan 劉掾 in SE shi 柹. Liu yuanlin 劉淵林 [3] Jin 晉 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. He wrote a commentary on the → San du fu 三都賦 of → Zuo Si 左思, which is preserved in the → Wen xuan 文選. LSZ cites his annotations to the Shu du fu 蜀都賦, “Rhapsody on the Capital of Shu,” and the Wu du fu 吳都賦, “Rhapsody on the Capital of Wu.” Liu yuanshao 劉元紹 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 quotes a comment of his on the yong yu 鳙魚, and LSZ takes this over. The → ZLBC lists a Liu Yuanshao shu 劉元紹書, “Book by Liu Yuanshao,” in its bibliography, but no such book is known of. Liu yuxi 劉禹錫 (772-842) Tang 唐 dynasty writer and philosopher. Style name Mengde 夢得. A man of Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南, jin shi 793. Liu held various high literary and other appointments including a post as Adviser to the Heir Apparent (tai zi bin ke 太子賓客), thus he was known as Liu bin ke 劉賓客. He collected various medical recipes considered proven and compiled the now lost → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, which is frequently quoted by LSZ. Liu’s literary collection Liu bin ke wen ji 劉賓客文集, “Literary Collection of Liu the Adviser,” survives, listed in the BCGM as → Liu Yuxi ji 劉禹錫集. LSZ also cites the poem → Gou qi jing shi 枸杞井詩 separately and uses material from the Liu gong jia hua lu 劉公 嘉話錄, “Record of Fine Talks with the Honorable Mr. Liu,” (→ Liu Yuxi jia hua lu 劉禹錫嘉話錄) by Liu’s disciple Wei Xuan 韋絢. However, the → Han ju shi 寒具詩 that he attributes to Liu Yuxi is actually a work of → Su Shi 蘇軾. LSZ refers to Liu as Liu Yuxi [39], as Yuxi 禹錫 [1], and as Liu Mengde 劉夢得 [3]. Liu Yuxi ji 劉禹錫集, “Collection of Liu yuxi” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty collection of poems and essays. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新 唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Liu

304 bin ke wen ji 劉賓客文集, “Literary Collection of Liu the Adviser,” Liu Mengde wen ji 劉夢得文集, “Literary Collection of Liu Mengde.” Written by → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. 30 juan, plus a 10 juan outer collection (wai ji 外集). LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not mention the title again in the main text. However, the → Gou qi jing shi 枸杞井詩 cited there was taken from this collection. Liu Yuxi jia hua lu 劉禹錫嘉話錄, “record of Fine Talks with Liu yuxi” [3] This is LSZ’s name for the Liu gong jia hua lu 劉公嘉話錄, “Record of Fine Talks with the Honorable Mr. Liu,” a Tang 唐 dynasty collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小説). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Liu bin ke jia hua lu 劉賓客嘉話錄, “Record of Fine Talks with Liu the Adviser.” Written by Wei Xuan 韋絢. DC 848. 1 juan. The author Wei Xuan (9th century) was a Tang official. Style name Wenming 文明, a man of Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Wei held a post as a Military Commissioner (jie du shi 節度使) during the xian tong 咸通 reign period (860-874). As a young boy, he was a follower of → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 and was allowed to serve on his teacher in 821. He thus was able to listen to Liu’s speeches, which he later recalled and recorded to create the Liu gong jia hua lu. Liu zhan 六占 → Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖 Liu Zhang 劉璋 (died 219) Three Kingdoms period governor of Yi zhou 益州 (Shu 蜀), also called Shu wang 蜀王, “Prince of Shu.” LSZ refers to him in connection with qing tian he 青田核 as Shu wang [1] and Liu Zhang [1]. He takes his material from the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , but this source actually refers to → Liu Zhang 劉章 and not Liu Zhang 劉璋. Liu Zhang 劉章 (200-176) Western Han 漢 imperial clansman, a grandson of the Han founder Liu Bang 劉 邦 (→ Han Gao zu 漢高祖). When after the death of Empress Lü 呂 (→ Lü tai hou 呂太后) the Lü clan planned a rebellion, Chen Ping 陳平, Zhou Bo 周勃, and Liu Zhang, enfeoffed as Marquis of Zhu xu (Zhu xu hou 朱虛侯) conspired and successfully eliminated the entire Lü group. Liu Zhang was awarded the title Prince of Cheng yang (Cheng yang wang 城陽王). According to the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , Liu Zhang obtained two seeds of qing tian he 青田核. These fruit looked like peaches, but their seeds were able to hold several dou 斗 of liquid and when filled with water, the water would turn into wine. This Liu Zhang may have been the Marquis of Zhu xu. LSZ takes over this story but changes Liu’s name to → Liu Zhang 劉璋, the prince of Shu 蜀. The → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 cites a very similar story but does not mention Liu’s name. Instead, it states that the → Shu hou zhu 蜀後主 possessed two large capsules of peach seeds with the same properties.

305 Liu Zhen 劉臻 (527-598) [1] Sui 隋 dynasty high official. Style name Xuannie 宣摰, a man of Xiang 相 in Pei guo 沛國. He served in various high court posts and has a biography in the → Sui shu 隋書. He loved to eat xian 蜆 shells. Because their name was a homophone with his father’s personal name Xian 顯, he changed their name to bian luo 扁螺, “flat snail.” LSZ cites this in SE xian 蜆. Liu Zhonghai 劉仲海 → Liu Zhonghui 劉仲晦 Liu Zhonghui 劉仲晦 Official of Jin 金 and Yuan 元 times. According to the → Wei sheng bao jian 衛 生寶鑒, he consumed too much sour flavor eating quinces in 1269 and therefore suffered from a “dripping disease” (lin bing 淋病). LSZ takes this over in SE mu gua 木瓜 but erroneously writes Liu’s name Liu Zhonghai 劉仲海 [1]. Liu Zhu 劉駐 → Liu Ruyi 劉汝翼 Liu zi 柳子 → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 Liu Zihou 柳子厚 → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 Liu Zihou shi 柳子厚詩 → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集 Liu Zihou wen 柳子厚文 → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集 Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集, “Literary Collection of Liu Zihou” Collection of poems and essays. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元. AN Liu Hedong ji 柳河東集, “Collection of Liu Hedong.” 45 juan, plus a 3 juan supplement (current edition). DC Tang 唐 with later additions. There are numerous editions with considerable variation among them. LSZ lists the collection as Liu Zihou wen ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it as such in the main text. He does, however, refer directly and indirectly to a number of writings and verses from the collection, e.g., the Bu she shuo 捕蛇説, “Elucidations on Catching Snakes,” [1], the → Yu Cui Lian zhou shu 與崔連州書, and the Zeng wang sun wen 憎王孫文, “Essay on Hating the Wang sun-Ape,” cited as Liu wen 柳文, “Essay of [Mr.] Liu,” [1]. Material on goose down (e mao 鵝毛) is labeled Liu Zihou shi 柳子厚詩, “Poem of Liu Zihou,” [1], and material on xian ling pi 仙靈毗 Liu Zihou wen 柳子厚文, “Writings of Liu Zihou,” [1]. Liu Zinan 劉子南 Eastern Han 漢 general. According to the Shen xian gan yu zhuan 神仙感遇傳, “Stories of Encounters with Divine Immortals,” (→ Shen xian gan ying pian 神 仙感應篇), he obtained a recipe for pills with fireflies associated with → Wu Chengzi 務成子 from a Daoist named → Yin gong 尹公. In 69 he was surrounded in a battle and arrows fell on him like rain, but because he had these pills, not a single arrow could come close to his body. Hence he passed the recipe on to later generations. LSZ refers to him as Liu Zinan [1] and Zinan 子南 [3] in SE ying huo 螢火.

306 Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 (773-819) Tang 唐 dynasty literatus and philosopher. Style name Zihou 子厚, a man of Jie 解 in He dong 河東, in the west of present-day Yun cheng 運城 in Shan xi 山 西. After his native place he was also called Liu Hedong 柳河東. Jin shi during the zhen yuan 貞元 reign period (785-805). After being appointed as prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Liu zhou 柳州, he was also called Liu Liuzhou 柳柳州. Liu has a biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), the → Liu Zongyuan zhuan 柳宗元傳. Author of the → Jiu san si fang 救三死方 and the → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集. LSZ refers to Liu as Liu Zongyuan [1], as Liu Zihou 柳子厚 [4], as Liu Liuzhou [2], as Liu zi 柳子, “Master Liu,” [1], or in his bibliographical sections as Liuzhou [1]. Liu Zongyuan shu 柳宗元書 → Yu Cui Lian zhou shu 與崔連州書 Liu Zongyuan zhuan 柳宗元傳, “Biography of Liu Zongyuan” [1] Biography of Tang 唐 literatus → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 in the Jiu Tang shu 舊 唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). LSZ, following the bibliography of the → ZLBC, lists the text in his own bibliographical sections, but neither of the books cite any material from it. Liuzhou 柳州 → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 Liuzhou jiu san si fang 柳州救三死方 → Jiu san si fang 救三死方 Long 隆 → Huangfu Long 皇甫隆 Long jiang lu 龍江錄, “records of Long jiang” [1] Name of a book. FE BCGM. No details available, and the book is not found in the standard bibliographies. LSZ cites the book in SE gu jing 古鏡, but the material he quotes about → Han Xuan di 漢宣帝 is actually from the → Xi jing za ji 西京雜記, so LSZ’s Long jiang lu citation remains uncertain and may even be an error. Long mu lun 龍木論 → Yan ke Long mu lun 眼科龍木論 Long shu lun 龍樹論 → Yan ke Long mu lun 眼科龍木論 Long yu he tu 龍魚河圖, “river Illustrations of dragon and Fish” Lost, anonymous apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書). See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. DC probably Han 漢. Size uncertain. The book deals with celestial patterns (tian wen 天文) and heavenly bodies, geography, gods and spirits, dietary taboos, etc. Fragments are preserved in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民 要術, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, and other books. The → ZLBC cites the Long yu he tu twice, and this is taken over by LSZ, who cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Long yu he tu [3] and erroneously as → He yu tu 河魚圖 [1]. Lou Hu zhuan 樓護傳, “Biography of Lou Hu” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the biography of Lou Hu 樓護 contained in the You xia zhuan 游俠傳, “Biographies of Knight-Errants,” of the → Han shu 漢書. LSZ

307 refers to the text in the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 entry in his bibliographical sections. Lou Hu (died c. 10 BCE) was a Han 漢 dynasty physician. Style name Junqing 君卿, a man from the state of Qi 齊. Lou came from a family of hereditary physicians and followed his father in treating elite patrons in Chang an 長安, where he became known for memorizing a large number of medical texts. Lou Juzhong 婁居中 (12th century) [2] Song 宋 dynasty physician. A man of Dong guo 東虢, now Xing ze 滎澤 in He nan 河南. He practiced medicine and sold medicinals in the Southern Song capital of Lin an 臨安 (now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江). He was wellversed in pediatric medicine and placed special emphasis on dietary therapy. Author of the → Shi zhi tong shuo 食治通説. Lou Quanshan 樓全善 (c. 1320-1389) [1] This is the style name of Lou Ying 樓英 (also known as Lou Gongshuang 樓 公爽), a late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 dynasty physician and medical theorist. A man of Xiao shan 蕭山 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Lou Ying was a famous doctor, and although offered an appointment as an imperial physician during the hong wu 洪武 reign period (1368-1398), he refused due to his age. He was a friend of → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮, whom he shared his interest in medical theory with. Lou was the author of the → Yi xue gang mu 醫學綱目 and other books. Lu Ban 魯班 [1] Artisan of ancient times, considered the founding ancestor of the art of carpentry. According to the legend, his family name was Gongshu 公輸 and his personal name Ban 般, and he lived in the Spring and Autumn period state of Lu 魯. Hence he was often called Lu Ban 魯般 or Lu Ban 魯班. Many folk tales about him were transmitted. According to the → Shu yi ji 述異記, he carved a boat from magnolia wood. LSZ cites this in SE mu lan 木蘭. Lu Bao 魯褒 [2] Man of the Western Jin 晉 dynasty. Style name Yuandao 元道, a man of Nan yang 南陽 in present-day He nan 河南. Author of the → Qian shen lun 錢神論 , a condemnation of the prevalent worship of money and wealth in late Western Jin society. Lu Bosi 魯伯嗣 [2] Ming 明 dynasty pediatrician, fl. 15th century. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of the → Ying tong bai wen 嬰童百問. Lu Chen 盧諶 (284-350) [2] Eastern Jin 晉 official. Style name Ziliang 子諒, a man of Zhuo xian 涿縣 in Fan yang 範陽, now Zhuo zhou 涿州 in He bei 河北. He was well-versed in the philosophy of → Lao zi 老子  and → Zhuang zi 莊子  and a follower of the general, musician, and writer Liu Kun 劉琨. He held a court appointment and was the author of the Za ji fa 雜祭法, “Miscellaneous Methods of Sacrifice,” (→ Ji fa 祭法).

308 Lu dian 陸佃 (1042-1102) Song 宋 dynasty expert on lexicography. Style name Nongshi 農師, a man of Shan yin 山陰 in Yue zhou 越州, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江, first-ranking jin shi 1070. He was a disciple of → Wang Anshi 王安石. Lu rose to the high post of Assistant Director of the Left (zuo cheng 左丞) but little later was dismissed to become Grand Master of the Palace (zhong dai fu 中大夫) and ultimately died while in office in Bo zhou 亳州. He has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史 and was the author of many works including the → Pi ya 埤雅 and notes to the → Han shi wai zhuan 韓詩外傳. LSZ refers to him as Lu Dian [50] and as Lu Nongshi 陸農師 [7]. Lu ding gong 魯定公 [1] Possibly the Spring and Autumn period monarch Duke Ding 定 of Lu 魯, r. 509-495 BCE. His mother was said to have taken wu jia 五加 liquor to achieve immortality. The story is cited in the → ZLBC and taken over by LSZ. However, the Ming 明 author Zhou Ying 周嬰 in his Zhi lin 卮林, “Forest of Goblets,” claims that the Lu Ding gong referred to in this story is not the Spring and Autumn duke but a later Daoist who assumed the duke’s name. This corresponds with the fact that the → Zuo zhuan 左傳 devotes book 11 to the reign of Duke Ding but does not contain the story cited in the ZLBC. Lu ding gong mu 魯定公母, “Mother of duke ding of Lu” [1] Mother of → Lu Ding gong 魯定公, said to have obtained immortality by ingesting wu jia 五加 liquor. Lu Ding gong zhuan 魯定公傳, “Biography of duke ding of Lu” [1] Fictitious biography. The → ZLBC cites a story about the mother of → Lu Ding gong 魯定公. On these grounds, its bibliographical sections list a Lu Ding gong ji 魯定公記, “Record of Duke Ding of Lu,” which is actually a fabricated title. LSZ takes over this title in his bibliography but renders it Lu Ding gong zhuan. He also cites the associated story in the main text. The Tang 唐 dynasty Shen xian fu er dan shi xing yao fa 神仙服餌丹石行藥法, “Divine Immortals’ Methods for Taking Elixirs and Minerals and Applying Pharmaceutics,” preserved in the Dong xuan 洞玄, “Cavern of Mystery,” section of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經) is the real source of this story, but no text called Lu Ding gong zhuan is mentioned there. It also contains a story about a “method for stone cooking by the Perfected One Donghua” (Donghua zhenren zhu shi fa 東華真人煮石法), which the ZLBC again turns into a book title, the → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經. It can therefore be said that both Lu Ding gong zhuan and Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing are fictitious titles, based on a misreading of the Shen xian fu er dan shi xing yao fa. Lu duoxun 盧多遜 (934-85) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. A man of Huai zhou 怀州, now Bi yang 泌陽 in He nan 河南. He was a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and was responsible twice for the editing of the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 in 973 and 974. He rose to the post of Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) but was banished to Ya zhou 崖州 (now San ya 三亞 in Hai nan 海南) later in his life.

309 Lu Fangweng ji 陸放翁集, “Collection of Lu Fangweng” Southern Song 宋 anthology. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Lu You 陸游. The book does not appear in the standard bibliographies, and although LSZ lists a Lu Fangweng ji [1] in his bibliographical sections, he does not cite it directly in the main text. He makes one reference to a Lu Fangweng shi xu 陸放翁詩序, “Preface to the Poems of Lu Fangweng,” [1] there, but the material quoted is actually from Lu You’s Jian nan shi gao 劍南詩藁, “Poetry Sketches from Jian nan.” Thus, LSZ’s Lu Fangweng ji is probably identical with the Jian nan shi gao. Lu Fangweng shi xu 陸放翁詩序 → Lu Fangweng ji 陸放翁集 Lu gong 路公 → Lu Sigong 路嗣恭 Lu Guanglu 陸光祿 (665-736) [1] This is Lu Jingchu 陸景初, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official who was bestowed the personal name Xiangxian 象先 by Emperor → Rui zong 睿宗. A man of Wu xian 吳縣 in Su zhou 蘇州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He served in various high offices such as Minister of Public Works (gong bu shang shu 工部尚書) or Minister of Justice (xing bu shang shu 刑部尚書). He held the honorific title Grand Master of the Palace with Silver Seal and Blue Ribbon (yin qing guang lu dai fu 銀青光祿大夫), thus people called him Lu Guanglu. According to the → Sui shen bei ji fang 隨身備急方, he applied medications following a principle of “fighting like with like” (yi lei xiang gong 以類相攻). LSZ cites this in SE tao 桃. Lu Guimeng 陸龜蒙 (died c. 881) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar and writer. Style name Luwang 魯望, a man of Gu su 姑蘇, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He held a local post but later retired to Fu li 甫里 to live as a recluse, calling himself Jianghu sanren 江湖散人, “The Idle Man Who Retired to the Countryside,” and Fuli xiansheng 甫里先 生, “Gentleman from Fu li.” He was famous for his poetry, and various works of his are still extant, including the Li ze cong shu 笠澤叢書, “Collected Books from Li ze,” the Fu li ji 甫里集, “Collection from Fu li,” and the Song ling ji 松陵集, “Collection from Song ling.” The → TJBC cites a → Tai fu 苔賦 by Lu, and this is taken over by LSZ in his main text. LSZ also cites a → Lu Guimeng shi 陸龜 蒙詩 in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Lu Guimeng shi 陸龜蒙詩 [2] Poem by → Lu Guimeng 陸龜蒙, cited in LSZ’s bibliographical sections and his main text. The material quoted is also found in the Song ling ji 松陵集, “Collection from Song ling,” a collection of poems by Lu and his equally famous contemporary Pi Rixiu 皮日休, in a slightly different wording. Lu He 盧和 Ming 明 expert on pharmaceutics, fl. 2nd half of the 15th century. Style name Lianfu 廉夫, a man of Dong yang 東陽 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Author of a 2 juan → Shi wu ben cao 食物本草 and the → Danxi zuan yao 丹溪纂要. LSZ refers to him as Lu He [3], as Lianfu [1], and as Lu Lianfu 盧廉夫 [1].

310 Lu Ji 陸機 → Lu Ji 陸璣 Lu Ji 陸璣 Man from the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period, sometimes written Lu Ji 陸機. Style name Yuanke 元恪, probably the son of a concubine of the Wu ruling house. Author of the Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草 木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Worms/Bugs, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs” (→ Shi yi shu 詩義疏). There has been much unresolved controversy through the ages about which version of Lu’s name is right. LSZ refers to him as Lu Ji 陸機 [73], as Lu Ji 陸璣 [2], and as Lu shi 陸 氏, “Mr. Lu,” [5]. Lu Ji zhu 陸機注 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Lu Jia 陸賈 (c. 240-170 BCE) [1] Early Western Han 漢 political thinker and writer of ci 辭 and fu 賦 poetry. A man of Chu 楚. LSZ refers to him in connection with deng hua 燈花 but does not name his source. He also refers to the → Lu Jia zhuan 陸賈傳 from the → Han shu 漢書, but the material quoted is actually from the biography of the King of Nan yue 南粵 (→ Zhao Tuo 趙佗) in the Xi nan Yi liang Yue Chao xian zhuan 西南夷兩粵朝鮮傳, “Biographies of [People of ] the Southwestern Yi, the Two Yue, and Korea,” of the Han shu. Lu Jia zhuan 陸賈傳, “Biography of Lu Jia” [1] Biography of → Lu Jia 陸賈 in book 43 of the → Han shu 漢書. However, the text quoted by LSZ is actually from the biography of the King of Nan yue 南粵 (→ Zhao Tuo 趙佗) in the Xi nan Yi liang Yue Chao xian zhuan 西南夷兩粵朝 鮮傳, “Biographies of [People of ] the Southwestern Yi, the Two Yue, and Korea,” of the Han shu. Lu Jiang 盧絳 [1] Southern Tang 唐 general. Style name Jinqing 晉卿, a man of Nan chang 南昌, probably present-day Fen yi 分宜 in Jiang xi 江西. When he raised troops to fight the Song 宋, he was trapped and killed by → Song Tai zong 宋太宗. According to the Jiang nan ye shi 江南野史, “Unofficial History of Jiang nan,” (cf. → Ye shi 野史) and further sources, he suffered from “malaria ailment” (shan ji 痁 疾) and was cured after ingesting sugar cane. LSZ cites this in SE gan zhe 甘蔗. Lu Jun 盧鈞 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Zihe 子和. Originally from Fan yang 範陽 (present-day Bei jing 北京), he later moved to Lan tian 藍田 in Jing zhao 京兆 (now part of Shaan xi 陝西). Jin shi 809, he rose to the post of Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu zuo pu ye 尚書左僕射). Both the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) have his biography. He is said to have changed the name of kui ge 魁蛤 to wa wu zi 瓦屋子.

311 Lu Kang 陸杭 → Lu Kang 陸抗 Lu Kang 陸抗 (226-274) Famous general of the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Youjie 幼節, a man of Wu xian 吳縣, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. The → Jing xin lu 經心錄, compiled by → Song Xia 宋俠 during the Sui 隋 to Tang 唐 period, includes a recipe to treat “exhaustion injury” (lao sun 勞損) that is named after Lu Kang. LSZ takes this over in SE niu 牛 but erroneously writes Lu’s name Lu Kang 陸杭 [1]. Lu Lianfu 盧廉夫 → Lu He 盧和 Lu Lian zi 魯連子, “Master Lu Lian” [1] Lost book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” According to the Sui shu jing ji zhi, the text was written by a Lu Lian 魯連 of Qi 齊 and consisted of 5 juan, plus a 1 juan register. The Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) attributes it to Lu Zhonglian 魯仲連. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 cites a fragment on centipedes stating that “when three of their feet are cut off, they still do not fall to the ground [because] they still have lots [of feet] left to support them.” The material LSZ quotes in SE ma lu 馬陸 sounds rather different when he states that “centipedes die but do not stiffen.” Lu Nongshi 陸農師 → Lu Dian 陸佃 Lu Nüsheng 魯女生 [1] Eastern Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士). A man of Chang le 長樂 in present-day Fu jian 福建. His full name is lost. Tales about him are preserved in the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 of → Ge Hong 葛洪 and in the anonymous Lu Nüsheng bie zhuan 魯女生別傳, “Supplementary Biography of Lu Nüsheng,” (both cited in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽) describing his miraculous longevity and skills. LSZ quotes this material second hand, assigning it to a probably non-existant source, the → Xian fang zhuan 仙方傳. Lu Shaofan 盧少樊 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. According to the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Chen Rihua 陳日華, his cousin Lu Shaofan once suffered from “festering [eyelid] rim wind-eye” (lan xian feng yan 爛弦風眼) of which he was cured with silkworm excrements immersed in sesame oil. LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 in SE yuan can 原蠶. Lu shi 陸氏, “Mr. Lu”  [5] → Lu Ji 陸璣, author of the Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草 木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Worms/Bugs, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs” (→ Shi yi shu 詩義疏).  [16] Author of the → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方. Lived before the wan li 萬曆 reign period (1573-1620). His proper name and other details are unavailable.

312  [1] This is Lu Yan 陸曮, a Southern Song 宋 physician and expert in women’s diseases. A man of Feng hua 奉化 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. According to the Chuan chuang ye hua 船窗夜話, “Night Talks at the Boat Window,” he once diagnosed the wife of a Mr. Xu (→ Xu shi 徐氏 ) in Xin chang 新昌 as afflicted by “blood heart-pressure” (xue men 血悶) and fumigated her with a decoction prepared from tens of pounds of hong hua 紅花. LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Yang ke man bi 養疴漫筆 but does not provide the personal name of the physician.

 [2] Two fragments on obstetric recipes in SE tu 兔 and SE bai bi 敗筆, are taken from juan 17 of the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, where the material is attributed to a Mr. Lu as well. Perhaps this is Lu Zizheng 陸子正, an eminent scholar of the early Southern Song 宋. A man of Wu zhong 吳中, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇, author of a Tai chan jing yan fang 胎產經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes for Pregnancy and Childbirth.”

 [2] In later of editions of the BCGM this is → Lu Zhizhu 陸之柷, author of the → Zheng zhi ben cao 證治本草. Lu shi 盧氏, “Mr. Lu” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, a military officer (wei 尉) of Ying yang 潁陽. Personal name unknown. Nephew of → Zheng Zhongcheng 鄭中丞, whom he cured from a violent stroke using a recipe with niu bang 牛蒡. LSZ mentions him in SE e shi 惡實. Lu shi fang 盧氏方, “recipe of Mr. Lu” [1] Literary source cited in SE ji chang cao 雞腸草. The → Shi wu ben cao 食物本草 of → Lu He 盧和 is cited in the BCGM as the source but does not include the recipe in question. As the fragment quoted resembles material on the usage of ji chang cao to cure “sores resulting from the urine of earwigs“, (qu sou ni chuang 蠷螋溺瘡) in the → Bo wu zhi 博物志 , the source given in BCGM may be wrong. Lu shi jing yan fang 陸氏經驗方 → Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方 Lu shi shi shu 陸氏詩疏 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Lu Sigong 路嗣供 → Lu Sigong 路嗣恭 Lu Sigong 路嗣恭 (died 780) Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Yifan 懿範, a man of San yuan 三原 in Jing zhao 京兆, now part of Shaan xi 陝西. He served as Minister (shang shu 尚 書) and has a biography in the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Lu is said to have been transmitted a recipe by the eminent monk → Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 and gained strength by ingesting it. In SE xian mao 仙茅, LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方, referring to Lu as Lu gong 路公, “Honorable Mr. Lu,” [1] and erroneously as Lu Sigong 路嗣供 [1].

313 Lu Tan 盧坦 (748-817) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Baoheng 保衡, a man of Luo yang 洛陽 in He nan 河南. Among other posts, he served as Military Comissioner (jie du shi 節度使) of Dong chuan 東川. According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and fell ill, and the → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方 records his usage of hu 葫 to treat a lesion on his back. Lu Tang 魯棠 → Zeng Tang 曾棠 Lu Wenliang 陸文量 (1436-1494) [3] This is the style name of Lu Rong 陸容, a Ming 明 dynasty scholar and high official. Literary name Shizhai 式齋, “Standard Austerity,” a man of Tai cang 太 倉 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Lu passed the jin shi examinations in 1466 and held a government office in Zhe jiang 浙江. Author of the → Shu yuan za zhi 菽 園雜記 and other books. Lu Xuanzhen 盧玄真 (1410-1510?) [1] Ming 明 dynasty Daoist. He is said to have consumed bai long xu 白龍須 and other drugs to cure himself of paralysis. LSZ cites this from the → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方. Lu Xun 盧循 (died 411) [1] Eastern Jin 晉 official. A man of Zhuo xian 涿縣 in Fan yang 範陽, now Zhuo zhou 涿州 in He bei 河北. Style name Yuxian 於先. He served in various positions such as Regional Inspector (ci shi 刺史) of Guang zhou 廣州 and has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書. He frequently was at war with → Liu Yu 劉 裕 until eventually he was defeated and drowned himself. According to an anecdote recorded in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, he sent “dumplings with alpinia seeds” (yi zhi zong 益智粽, lit.: “dumplings to increase wisdom”) to Liu Yu. The latter responded by sending Lu Xun a “a life saver decoction” (xu ming tang 續命 湯). LSZ cites this in SE yi zhi zi 益智子. Lu yan 錄驗 → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方 Lu yi ji 錄異記, “records recording the Extraordinary”  [3] Five Dynasties period encyclopedia of fictional writings. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Du Guangting 杜光庭. 8 juan (AV 10 juan). The book records various kinds of strange and miraculous things. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text without mentioning the author’s name.  [1] Referred to → Liu Xun 劉恂 in the main text, this is an abbreviation for the → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異. Lu yifeng 陸一峰 [2] Ming 明 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. LSZ cites two recipes associated with him. One of them is cited from LSZ’s own → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方, which claims that the recipe for “wind heat with throat blockage” (feng re hou bi 風熱喉痺方) was transmitted in Lu’s family.

314 Lu yin 陸禋 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of the lost → Xu shui jing 續水經. Lu yin 陸迎 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person, a jin shi from Xiu zhou 秀州, now Jia xing 嘉興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, he once suffered of “unending blood spitting” (tu xue bu zhi 吐血不止). Eventually he dreamed of a recipe that brought the cure. LSZ cites this in SE yi zhi zi 益智子. Lu you 陸游 (1125-1210) [1] Southern Song 宋 poet. Style name Wuguan 務觀, literary name Fangweng 放 翁, “Unrestrained Old Man.” A man of Shan yin 山陰 in Yue zhou 越州, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi during the reign of → Song Xiao zong 宋孝宗 (r. 1162-1189). He held various local offices but retired to his native place in his old age. Lu was the author of about 9000 poems with very rich content. His writings include the Jian nan shi gao 劍南詩藁, “Poetry Sketches from Jian nan,” the Wei nan wen ji 渭南文集, “Literary Collection from Wei nan,” a → Nan Tang shu 南唐書, and the Lao xue an bi ji 老學庵筆記, “Brush Notes from the Hut of an Old Man Studying.” LSZ uses material from the Jian nan shi gao (→ Lu Fangweng ji 陸放翁集), and the material referred to Lu You in the yin fire (yin huo 陰火) section is taken from the Lao xue an bi ji without LSZ indicating this. Lu yu 陸羽 (733 to c. 804) [7] Tang 唐 dynasty writer. Style name Hongjian 鴻漸, literary name Sangzhu weng 桑苧翁, “The Old Man Growing Mulberries and Ramie.” A man of Jing ling 竟 陵 in Fu zhou 复州, now Tian men 天門 in Hu bei 湖北. Being a jocular nature, Lu did not seek any office but stayed at home writing books and acquiring a reputation for his knowledge of tea. In 760 he went to Tiao xi 苕溪 to live as a recluse and was later revered as the Tea God (cha shen 茶神). Author of the → Cha jing 茶經. Lu yuanqin 盧元欽 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. A man of Quan zhou 泉州 in present-day Fu jian 福 建. According to the → Chao ye qian zai 朝野僉載, he consumed the meat of a boa when he suffered from a mental ailment, and was cured. LSZ cites this in SE ran she 蚺蛇. Lu yun 陸雲 (262-303) [1] Western Jin 晉 literatus, the younger brother of → Lu Ji 陸璣. Style name Shilong 士龍, a man of Wu jun 吳郡, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Lu Yun was a literatus of equal fame to his brother. His works are collected in the Lu Shilong ji 陸士龍集, “Collection of Lu Shilong” (AN Lu Qinghe ji 陸清河集, “Collection of Lu Qinghe”). LSZ does not list the collection but cites a poem from it in SE chan hua 蟬花, the → Han chan fu 寒蟬賦.

315 Lu Zhigang 魯至剛 [6] Ming 明 dynasty man from Chang zhou 常州 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Fl. late 16th century. He practiced inner alchemy and the arts of the bedchamber and was the author of the → Jun ling ji yao 俊靈機要, a Cai zhen ji yao 採真機 要, “Crucial Points of Picking the True,” and annotated a Jin shen ji yao 錦身機 要, “Crucial Points in [Obtaining] a Magnificent Body.” Lu Zhizhu 陸之柷 (fl 1567-1572) Ming 明 dynasty physician. Literary name Yihang laoren 一航老人, “Old Man One-Boat,” a man of Tong cheng 桐城, now part of An hui 安徽. He served as a physician at the Ming court and wrote the → Zheng zhi ben cao 證治本草. LSZ does not mention the author’s full name and mistakenly writes his name Zhu shi 祝氏, “Mr. Zhu,” [2] instead of Lu shi 陸氏, “Mr. Lu.” This error in the bibliographical sections was corrected in later editions of the BCGM but, missed by the editors, remained in the Fan li 凡例, “Readers’ Guide,” section. Lu Zhong shi 陸終氏, “Mr. Lu Zhong” [1] Man of remote ages. The → Shi ji 史記 records that he married a woman of the → Guifang 鬼方 tribe who gave birth to six children that burst out from her belly. LSZ cites this story in SE ren gui 人傀, but the wording he uses is rather different to that in the Shi ji. Lu Ziji 陸子楫 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Served as Judicial Commissioner (ti xing 提刑). He is said to have consumed the same recipe as → Zhu Chengyan 朱成言 to cure a chronic disease of the intestines. Luan 鑾 → Ding Luan 丁鑾 Lü Chen 呂忱 [6] Jin 晉 dynasty lexicographer. Style name Boyong 伯雍, a man of Ren cheng 任 城 in the northeast of present-day Xing tai 邢台 in He bei 河北. Author of the → Zi lin 字林, which was intended as a supplement to the → Shuo wen jie zi 説 文解字 . Lü cheng xiang 呂丞相, “Grand Councilor Lü” (978-1044) [1] This is Lü Yifu 呂夷簡, a Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Tanfu 坦 夫, a man of Shou zhou 壽州, now Feng tai 鳳台 in An hui 安徽. Served as Grand Councilor (cheng xiang 丞相) under → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 and was awarded the title Duke of the State of Shen (Shen guo gong 申國公). According to the → Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適用方, Emperor Ren zong once presented to him a medication called the “herb prolonging life” (yan nian cao 延年草), prepared with qing pi 青皮. LSZ cites this story in SE ju 橘 but gives the Wang shi yi jian fang 王氏易簡方, “Mr. Wang’s Easy and Simple Recipes,” (→ Yi jian fang 易簡方 ) as his source. Lü Huiqing 呂惠卿 (1033-1111) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Jifu 吉甫, a man of Jin jiang 晉江 in Quan zhou 泉州, now Quan zhou in Fu jian 福建. The → Song shi 宋史 has his biography. In SE gan zhe 甘蔗, LSZ cites a → Ye shi 野史 with an explana-

316 tion offered by Lü on the character zhe 蔗. No further source of this material is known. Lü shi 呂氏, “Mr. Lü” (died 235 BCE) [24] This is Lü Buwei 呂不韋, a late Warring States period politician. A man of Pu yang 濮陽 in the state of Wei 衞, now in the south of Pu yang county in He nan 河南. Originally a wealthy merchant, he rose to be a minister in the state of Qin 秦. Lü assembled large a host of advisors from throughout China around his person, and it was these men, often representatives from the various philosophical schools of the time, who compiled the → Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋 at his orders. Material from this text is also found in the Lü shi yue ling 呂氏月令, “Mr. Lü’s Monthly Ordinances,” (→ Yue ling 月令 ). Lü played a crucial role in the rise of Qin but committed suicide by poisoning when he was banished by the new king Zheng 政 of Qin, the later Qin shi huang di 秦始皇帝 (→ Qin shi huang 秦始皇). Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋, “The Spring and autumn annals of Mr. Lü” [23] Qin 秦 dynasty book. AN Lü lan 呂覽, “Lü’s Overview.” Compiled by the host of advisors assembled around Lü Buwei 呂不韋 (→ Lü shi 呂氏). 26 juan, 160 chapters. The book includes the doctrines of the various pre-Qin philosophical schools: mainly Confucianist and Daoist thought but also Mohist, Legalist, Logic, Agriculturalist, and yin yang theory. It also holds information on ancient historical events as well as material on celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), calendrical science, music, and agriculture. LSZ frequently cites the book and also refers to annotations by → Gao You 高誘. Lü shi yue ling 呂氏月令 → Yue ling 月令  Lü tai hou 呂太后, “Empress dowager Lü” (BCE 241- 180) [1] This is Empress Lü, wife of → Han Gao zu 漢高祖. Personal name Zhi 雉, style name Eju 娥姁. A native of Dan fu 單父, now Danxian 單縣 in Shan dong 山 東. The → Shi ji 史記 has her biography. According to the → Ben cao yan yi 本 草衍義, her personal name was Zhi 雉 (“pheasant”), and Emperor Gao zu gave her the style name Yeji 野雞 (“ring-necked pheasant”). LSZ cites this as “Gao zu changed [the name] Zhi to Yeji” in SE zhi 雉. Lü yijian 呂夷簡 (979-1044) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Tanfu 坦夫, a man of Shou zhou 壽 州, now Feng tai 鳳台 in An hui 安徽, served as Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰 相). According to the → ZLBC, emperor → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 once had his beard cut to treat a disease of Lü’s with his hair. LSZ takes this over in SE ci xu 髭須. Lü Zihua 呂子華 Song 宋 or pre-Song Daoist. The → TJBC records a secret recipe of Lü Zihua, a man of Zhong qiu shan 中岳山, thus Lü must have lived during the Northern Song or earlier. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 in his → Zhen gao 真誥 mentions a Lü Zihua from Shan yang 山陽, but it is unclear whether this person is identical with the one mentioned in the TJBC. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方, juan 283, in its

317 entry on mai fan shi gao 麥飯石膏 records a story about a man called Lü Xihua 呂西華 who was neither willing to reveal such a recipe to his relatives, nor to an official called → Pei Yuanwai 裴員外. The governor of He nan 河南 (→ He nan yin 河南尹) even threatened him with severe punishment in case he kept the recipe secret, but to no avail. LSZ, citing → Su Song 蘇頌, mixes up the TJBC and Pu ji fang materials and calls this man Lü Zihua, but whether or not this is the same person as Lü Xihua remains uncertain. LSZ cites this in SE mai fan shi 麥飯石, referring to Lü as Lü Zihua [1] and Zhongqiu shanren 中岳山人, “Hermit of Mount Zhong qiu” [1]. Lun heng 論衡, “The Weighing of discourses” Eastern Han 漢 dynasty book. Written by → Wang Chong 王充. 30 juan, 85 chapters, one chapter missing in the current edition. The book discusses ancient philosophical ideas about natural phenomena, heaven, earth, and qi 氣. It strongly contradicts superstitious ideas and the mystical notions of the apocryphal works (chen wei 讖緯) of the Eastern Han. The → ZLBC rarely quotes the book, but LSZ cites it more often, referring to it as Lun heng [10] or by name of the author Wang Chong [1]. Lun suan qian jiu fa 論蒜錢灸法, “discussing the Garlic Coin Cauterization Method” [1] Title of a piece of writing, originally part of the Song 宋 period → Yong ju fang lun 癰疽方論. The → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要 of → Chen Ziming 陳自明 cites the text in a chapter on garlic cauterization. The text is a treatise on treating the initial stages of “impediment-illness” (ju 疽) by means of that method. LSZ cites it in SE hu 葫. Lun tai jiao 論胎教 → Bing yuan lun 病原論 Luo Cunzhai 羅存齋 → Luo Yuan 羅願 Luo dajing 羅大經 [2] Southern Song 宋 high official. Style name Jinglun 景綸, a man of Lu ling 廬 陵 in Ji zhou 吉州, now Ji an 吉安 in Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi 1226. He held a local military appointment and was the author of the → He lin yu lu 鶴林玉露 and other books. Luo du fu 洛都賦, “rhapsody on the Luo Capital” [1] Eastern Jin 晉 fu 賦. Written by → Wang Yi 王廙. The original text is lost, but the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 quotes one sentence from it. LSZ takes this over with almost identical wording in SE tian gua 甜瓜 but erroneously writes the author’s name Wang Ji 王冀. Luo fu shan ji 羅浮山記, “record of Mount Luo fu” [2] Lost book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. No author indicated. DC Northern and Southern Dynasties period. The Tai ping yu lan also cites a Deng Luo shan ji 登羅山記, “Record of Climbing Mount Luo,” or Deng Luo shan shu 登羅山疏, “A Commentary on Climbing Mount Luo,” by → Zhu Fazhen 竺法真 (→ Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏), but this is not necessarily the same book. Since the original text is lost, there is no way of telling. Fragments

318 are already found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Yan shi jia xun 顔氏家 訓, and in various Tang 唐 and Song 宋 works. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand from the Tai ping yu lan in the main text. Note that the Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” also lists a Luo fu shan ji by Guo Zhimei 郭之美, DC 1051. But since the Tai ping yu lan was compiled before that, it is impossible that this was the Luo fu shan ji LSZ used. Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏, “a Commentary on Mount Luo fu” This is LSZ’s name for the Deng Luo shan shu 登羅山疏, “A Commentary on Climbing Mount Luo,” a lost book of the Liu Song 劉宋 period. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Written by → Zhu Fazhen 竺法真. DC 5th century. The book describes local products from Mount Luo fu in Guang dong 廣東, touching upon many animal and plant products used as medicinals. Fragments are quoted in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術 and in various Tang 唐 and Song 宋 encyclopedias. LSZ lists the work as Luo fu shan shu by Zhu Fazhen in his bibliographical sections and cites it second hand from the Tai ping yu lan as Luo shan shu 羅山疏, “A Commentary on Mount Luo,” [3] and as Deng Luo fu shan shu 登羅浮山疏, “A Commentary on Climbing Mount Luo fu,” [1] in the main text. LSZ also quotes a → Luo fu shan ji 羅浮山記, but this is probably another book. Luo shan shu 羅山疏 → Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏 Luo shi 羅氏  [9] “Mr. Luo.” → Luo Yuan 羅願, author of the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼.

 [1] “Gentleman with a Net.” Official post recorded in the Minister of War in the Summer Office (xia guan si ma 夏官司馬) section of the → Zhou li 周禮, in charge of catching birds with a net. In the second month of spring, the turtledoves he caught were donated to nourish the illustrious elders of the state. LSZ mentions him in SE ban jiu 斑鳩. Luo Shouyi 羅守一 [1] Chief lackey (du ya ya 都押衙) cured by → Zhang Yong 張詠 from “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中風) with a recipe prepared of xi xian 豨薟. Luo Taiwu 羅太無 (died 1327) [1] This is the literary name of Luo Zhiti 羅知悌, a Song 宋 and Yuan 元 era physician. Style name Zijing 子敬, a man of Qian tang 錢塘, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Having been made a palace eunuch as a boy, he was responsible for medical treatments of Emperor Li zong 理宗 during the bao you 寶祐 reign period (1253-1258). After the fall of the Song, he acquired further medical knowledge from a disciple of → Liu Wansu 劉完素 and studied the doctrines of → Li Gao 李杲 and → Zhang Congzheng 張從正. In 1325, → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 became his disciple, and Luo passed his complete knowledge on to him.

319 Luo Tianyi 羅天益 (13th century) Yuan 元 dynasty physician. Style name Qianfu 謙甫, a man of Zhen ding 真定 in present-day He bei 河北. He studied with → Li Gao 李杲 for many years and served as a physician at the Yuan court. His → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒 closely reflects Li’s medical ideas. Luo also compiled a collection of Li Gao’s recipes, the → Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方 as well as a Nei jing lei bian 內 經類編, “Categorized Edition of the Inner Classic,” and other lost books. LSZ refers to Luo as Luo Tianyi [11] and as Tianyi 天益 [2], mostly taking his material from the Wei sheng bao jian. Luo yang hua mu ji 洛陽花木記, “record of Flowers and Trees from Luo yang” [1] Northern Song 宋 book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises,” which makes the author → Zhou Shihou 周師厚, and Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” which attributes the book to Zhou Xu 周序. LSZ mistakenly writes this as Zhou Xu 周敘. The → Shuo fu 説郛 preserves the book and its preface but only calls the author Zhou shi 周氏, “Mr. Zhou.” According to its preface, the book was written by Mr. Zhou in 1081 while he held a post in Luo yang. He collected texts about the tree peony and other flowers and trees of Luo yang and combined that material with information on flowers he had discovered himself, to produce his own book. He lists 109 varieties of mu dan 牡丹, 41 varieties of shao yao 芍藥, 82 miscellaneous flowers, 147 varieties of fruit-bearing flowers, 37 spiky flowers, 89 varieties of bushes and trees, 19 varieties of aquatic flowers, and 6 varieties of creeping flowers. He also adds sections on responses to seasonal changes, flower grafting, planting methods, and similar topics. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Luo yang ming yuan ji 洛陽名園記, “record of the Famous Gardens of Luo yang” [2] Northern Song 宋 treatise on gardens and parks. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Li Gefei 李格非. DC late 11th, early 12th century. 1 juan. The book describes 19 gardens of Luo yang 洛陽, 18 of which were privately owned. It records their histories and describes their scenery, the arrangement of pavilions, and the varieties of flowers and trees that grew there. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. The author Li Gefei (c. 1045-1105) was a Northern Song high official. Style name Wenshu 文叔, a man of Ji nan 濟南 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Jin shi 1076. During the late yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1094) he was an Erudite of the Imperial College (guo zi bo shi 國子博士) and in 1094 attained a post at the Ministry of Rites. He was the father of the great female poet Li Qingzhao 李清 照 and the author of numerous books. Luo yang qie lan ji 洛陽伽藍記, “record of the Buddhist Temples of Luo yang” Specialized geographical book on historical sites extant during the Northern Wei 魏 dynasty. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise

320 in the History of the Sui.” Written by Yang Xuanzhi 楊衒之 (→ Yang shi 楊 氏 ). DC c. 547. 5 juan. During the height of the Northern Wei dynasty, Buddhist temples (qie lan 伽藍) prospered in the city of Luo yang 洛陽. After the rebellions of the yong xi 永熙 reign period (532-534), the author saw the former capital fall into disrepair and decided to record past events and information on historic sites, thus creating the Luo yang qie lan ji. The book is divided into five parts, each covering one part of the city. It describes 55 temples and a lot of additional information associated with them. LSZ lists the book as Luo yang qie lan ji [1] in his bibliographical sections, attributing it simply to Yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. Yang.” In his main text he abbreviates the title as Qie lan ji 伽藍記, “Record of Buddhist Temples,” [1]. Luo yuan 羅願 Song 宋 dynasty philologist. Style name Duanliang 端良. Literary name Cunzhai 存齋, “Maintaining Austerity.” A man of Xi xian 歙縣, now part of An hui 安徽, jin shi 1166. He held various regional posts and died while still in office. His deeds are attached to the biography of his father Luo Ruji 羅汝楫 in the → Song shi 宋史. Luo was the author of the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, which LSZ frequently cites. He refers to Luo as Luo Yuan [44], Luo shi 羅氏, “Mr. Luo,” [9], and as Luo Cunzhai 羅存齋 [1]. Luo Yuan Er ya 羅願爾雅 → Er ya yi 爾雅翼

-MMa dongzhi 馬東之 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Fu cheng 涪城 in the northwest of present-day San tai 三台 in Si chuan 四川. Once he gave a medication to → Wu Dongshu 武東叔. LSZ cites this in SE lie jie 烈節. Ma duanlin 馬端臨 (c. 1254-1323) [1] Song 宋 and Yuan 元 dynasties historiographer. Style name Guiyu 貴與, a man of Le ping 樂平 in Rao zhou 饒州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. In 1273, he placed first in the local exams in water transport. Ma held two local academic posts and spent more than 20 years writing the → Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考. He was also the author of other books such as a Duo zhi lu 多識錄, “Records of Substantial Knowledge,” but these are mostly lost. Ma jing 馬經, “Horse Classic” [3] Lost Song 宋 dynasty text on veterinary medicine. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Jia Cheng 賈誠. DC and size uncertain. In his bibliographical sections, LSZ claims that this is one of the 84 books cited from the Jiu ben 舊本, “old book,” that is, the → ZLBC, but no such book is cited there. No Ma jing by Jia Cheng is listed in any other bibliography either. LSZ quotes one fragment in his main text. He also lists another Ma jing in his bibliograph-

321 ical sections without indicating an author, so whether this is a double entry for the same book or another book remains uncertain. Ma Jun 馬均 [1] Eastern Han 漢 person, a contemporary of → Zhang Heng 張衡 (78-139). Details about his life are unavailable. The → Bo wu zhi 博物志  relates an anecdote of how Ma Jun, Zhang Heng, and → Wang Er 王尒 walked through dense fog together. LSZ cites this in SE jiu 酒. Ma Minshu 馬敏叔 (12th century?) [1] Song 宋 dynasty man. Details are unavailable, but the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一 選方 of 1196 quotes a recipe of his, so Ma must have lived before that. Ma shi fang 馬氏方, “recipe of Mr. Ma” [1] Source of a recipe, probably not a book. The only person surnamed Ma 馬 that LSZ cites a recipe of is → Ma Minshu 馬敏叔, but it remains uncertain whether this was the person that transmitted the Ma shi fang LSZ mentions in SE tou jin 頭巾. Ma shi zhong 馬侍中, “Ma, director of the Chancellery” (726-795) [1] This is Ma Sui 馬燧, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Xunmei 洵美, a man of Jia cheng 郟城 in Ru zhou 汝州, now Jia xian 郟縣 in He nan 河南. Among other offices, he served as Minister of Education (si tu 司徒) and Director of the Chancellery (shi zhong 侍中) and was enfeoffed as Prince of Bei ping (Bei ping wang 北平王). During the da li 大歷 and jian zhong 建中 reign periods (766-783), he was engaged in a punitive campaign against the rebel general → Tian Yue 田悅 when one of his subordinates was struck by an arrow. He gave him a medication prepared from ba dou 巴豆 and qiang lang 蜣螂 that made it possible to pull out the arrowhead. Later, → Xia Houyun 夏侯鄆 obtained this recipe and successfully used it to cure wounds. The recipe was recorded in the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 and the → TJBC. Ma Shumou 麻叔謀 [1] Sui 隋 dynasty official in charge of the river works program of → Sui Yang di 隋煬帝. This is the subject of the → Kai he ji 開河記, which also contains some medical information used by LSZ. Ma Siming 馬嗣明 (died 600) [1] Famous physician of Northern Qi 齊. A man of Ye wang 野王 in He nei 河 內, now Qin yang 沁陽 in He nan 河南. He served as Director of the Crown Prince’s Pharmacy (tai zi yao zang jian 太子藥藏監). Both the Bei Qi shu 北齊 書, “History of Northern Qi,” and the → Bei shi 北史 contain his biography with case histories of his treatments. Among them is one story of how he cured → Yang Zunyan 楊遵彥 from a swelling on his back by using cu huang shi 粗黃石. The → TJBC relates this story, and LSZ takes it over in SE mai fan shi 麥飯石. Ma Wencheng 馬文誠 [1] Early Ming 明 person, a friend of → Liu Ji 劉績. He once obtained a book on recipes recommending mormodica seeds to cure “obstacle-illness accumulation” (pi ji 痞積). However, when this recipe was applied it killed two children. Ma

322 Wencheng’s comment on this was recorded by Liu Ji in his → Fei xue lu 霏雪錄. LSZ mentions him in SE mu bie zi 木鱉子. Ma yi 馬異 [1] Late Han 漢 person. Legend has it that he was given birth to by a horse. This is recorded in → Caomu zi 草木子, but LSZ gives the → Yi shuo 異説 as his source in SE ren gui 人傀. Ma yin 馬殷 (852-930) [1] Ruler of Southern Chu 楚 during the Five Dynasties period. Style name Batu 霸 圖, a man of Yan ling 鄢陵 in Xu zhou 許州, now part of He nan 河南. During the Later Liang 梁 he was ennobled as Prince of Chu (Chu wang 楚王). In 927 he founded a state by occupying seven zhou 州 districts of Hu nan 湖南. The Jiu wu dai shi 舊五代史, “Old History of the Five Dynasties,” has his biography. According to the → Xi man cong xiao 溪蠻叢笑, there is a “King Ma vegetable” (Ma wang cai 馬王菜) grown in the ethnic minority areas of Hu nan. In SE wu jing 蕪菁, LSZ claims that this goes back to Ma Yin, hence the name. Ma yuan 馬援 (BCE 14 BCE-49 CE) [2] Eastern Han 漢 high official. Style name Wenyuan 文淵, a man of Mao ling 茂陵 in Fu feng 扶風, now in the northwest of Xing ping 興平 in Shaan xi 陝 西. He served as as governor (tai shou 太守) of Long xi 隴西 and held the honorific title of “General Subduing the Waves” (fu bo jiang jun 伏波將軍). The → Hou Han shu 後漢書  has his biography. While stationed in Jiao zhi 交趾, he frequently ingested coix seeds to counter the local miasmatic qi. Southern coix seeds are large, and he took them back home for cultivation whereupon the people falsely accused him of having brought back pearls. LSZ mentions Ma in SE yi yi 薏苡. Ma Zhi 馬志 Northern Song 宋 Daoist and expert in pharmaceutics. In 973 and 974, Ma, along with → Liu Han 劉翰 and others, compiled and revised the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, adding his own annotations to the work. Further details about his life are unavailable. LSZ refers to Ma as Ma Zhi [42] and as Zhi 志 [145]. Ma Zhiji 麻知幾 (1183-1232) This is the style name of Ma Jiuchou 麻九疇, a Jin 金 dynasty medical expert. A man of Yi zhou 易州, now Yi xian 易縣 in He bei 河北. A first-ranking jin shi, he held various academic court posts. During his later years he associated with → Zhang Congzheng 張從正, whom he assisted in the compilation of the → Ru men shi qin 儒門事親. The section → Shui jie 水解 contained in this work was written by Ma on the basis of what was transmitted to him orally by Zhang Congzheng. LSZ refers to Ma as Ma Zhiji [1] and as Jiuchou 九疇 [1]. Mai jing 脈經, “The Classic of [Movements in the] Vessels”  [2] Wei 魏/Jin 晉 book on pulse diagnosis. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍 志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Wang Shuhe 王叔和. DC 3rd century. Wang based his work on the pulse lore in the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, the → Nan jing 難經, the Mai fa zan 脈法贊, “Eu-

323 logy on Methods for [Examining the Movements in] the Vessels,” the Bian Que yin yang mai fa 扁鵲陰陽脈法, “Methods of Bian Que for [Examining] the Yin and Yang [Movements in the] Vessels,” the Bian Que Hua Tuo cha sheng se yao jue 扁鵲華佗察聲色要訣, “Essential Instructions of Bian Que and Hua Tuo for Observing Sound and Color,” the Bian Que zhen zhu fan ni si mai yao jue 扁鵲 診諸反逆死脈要訣, “Essential Instructions of Bian Que for Examining All the [Movements in the] Vessels [Indicating] Reversal, Counterflow, and Death,” the → Shang han lun 傷寒論 , and other books. This is the earliest extant book on pulse diagnosis. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but doubts Wang Shuhe’s claim to be able to differentiate decent and indecent people by feeling the pulse.

 [1] Book by → Zhen Quan 甄權 mentioned in the → Yao xing ben cao 藥性 本草 entry of LSZ’s bibliography. Mai jue 脈訣, “rhymed Instructions on the [Movements in the] Vessels” [4] Book on pulse diagnosis. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Attributed to the Jin 晉 author → Wang Shuhe 王叔和, hence the AN Wang Shuhe mai jue 王叔和脈訣, “Wang Shuhe’s Rhymed Instructions on the [Movements in the] Vessels.” 1 juan. The book was widely disseminated during the Song 宋 and Yuan 元 dynasties. Liu Yuanbin 劉 元賓 of Northern Song and → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 of the Yuan dynasty compiled editions with commentaries. During the Southern Song, → Chen Yan 陳 言, in his → San yin fang 三因方, was the first to claim that this was the work of the Six Dynasties author → Gao Yangsheng 高陽生. Lü Fu 呂復 agreed to this in his Qun jing gu fang lun 群經古方論, “Discourses on Ancient Recipes from a Multitude of Classics,” and → Dai Qizong 戴起宗, in his → Mai jue kan wu 脈訣刊誤, vehemently refuted what he thought were Gao Yangsheng’s errors in the Mai jue. LSZ follows these opininions, clearly distinguishing between a → Mai jing 脈經  by Wang Shuhe and a Mai jue by Gao Yangsheng. Mai jue kan wu 脈訣刊誤, “Correction of Errors in the rhymed Instructions on the [Movements in the] Vessels” [2] Yuan 元 dynasty book on pulse diagnosis. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書 目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Written by Dai Qizong 戴啟宗 (AV → Dai Qizong 戴起宗). DC early 14th century. 2 juan. The book, imitating the style of the Xiao jing kan wu 孝經刊誤, “Correction of Errors in the Classic of Filial Piety,” is an edition of the → Mai jue 脈訣 with errors carefully marked and corrected. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Mao Chang 毛萇 [7] Western Han 漢 teacher of the → Shi jing 詩經, sometimes written Mao Chang 毛長. A man of Zhao 趙, now in the southwest of Han dan 邯鄲 in He bei 河 北 and scholar at the court of Prince Xian 獻 of He xian 河閒. Tradition has it that Mao Chang transmitted the old text version of the Shi jing called the → Mao shi 毛詩, which is the one currently in use. It is also said that he received

324 the Mao shi from the Warring States period scholar Mao Heng 毛亨, also called Da Mao gong 大毛公,“Honorable Mr. Mao Senior.” Therefore Mao Chang was called Xiao Mao gong 小毛公, “Honorable Mr. Mao Junior.” LSZ uses the general term → Shi jing zhu shu 詩經注疏 in his bibliographical sections to refer to Mao Chang’s annotations in the Mao shi as well as the later Mao shi zheng yi 毛 詩正義, “Correct Meanings of the Mao Book of Songs,” (→ Shi shu 詩疏 ) by → Kong Yingda 孔穎達. He also quotes Mao’s notes in the main text under various names. Mao Chang shi shu 毛萇詩疏 → Mao shi 毛詩 Mao Chang shi zhu 毛萇詩注 → Mao shi 毛詩 Mao Chang shi zhuan 毛萇詩傳 → Mao shi 毛詩 Mao Chang zhu 毛萇注 → Mao shi 毛詩 Mao nü 毛女, “Miss Mao” [1] Qin 秦 dynasty concubine. According to the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , she withdrew into the mountains to escape the enemy troops and ate the leaves of pines and cypresses. At the time of → Han Cheng di 漢成帝 she was still in good health. LSZ cites this in SE bai 柏. Mao shan daoshi 茅山道士, “daoist Master of Mao shan” [1] Northern Song 宋 Daoist. Resided at Mao shan 茅山 in the southwest of present-day Jiang su 江蘇. According to the → TJBC, he used branches and leaves of nan zhu 南燭 to prepare a form of Qing jing gan shi xin fan 青精乾石䭀飯, “Dry Stone Food from Blue Essence,” (→ Taiji zhenren fa 太極真人法). Mao shan ji 茅山記, “records from Mount Mao” [1] Lost Northern Song 宋 book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” There is a Mao shan ji compiled by Chen Qian 陳倩 (AV Chen Qing 陳情), DC 1061. Chen was magistrate of the Ju rong 句容 area in present-day Jiang su 江蘇, which comprised Mount Mao. Fragments of texts also called Mao shan ji are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books, but these are pre-Song works. LSZ lists a Mao shan ji in his bibliographical section without indicating an author. Since it is not cited in the main text it remains unclear which Mao shan ji he is referring to. Mao shan laoren 茅山老人, “Old Man of Mao shan” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person who is said to have transmitted the legend of → He Shouwu 何首烏. In 812 he passed it on to → Seng Wenxiang 僧文象. Mao shi 毛詩, “The Mao Book of Songs” One of the ancient transmitted versions of the → Shi jing 詩經. Tradition has it that this version was transmitted by the Western Han 漢 scholars Mao Heng 毛亨 and → Mao Chang 毛萇, thus the name. It was regarded highly and commented on by many scholars during the Han and afterwards, resulting in the Shi jing old text (gu wen 古文) school of thought. LSZ cites the book as Mao shi [6] and Mao Chang shi zhuan 毛萇詩傳, “The Shi jing in the Tradition of Mao Chang,” [1] and refers to Mao’s annotations as Mao Chang zhu 毛萇注, “Anno-

325 tations of Mao Chang,” [2], Mao Chang shi zhu 毛萇詩注, “Annotations of Mao Chang to the Shi jing,” [1], Mao Chang shi shu 毛萇詩疏, “Commentary of Mao Chang to the Shi jing,” [1], or simply by the name of Mao Chang [1]. Mao shi shu yi 毛詩疏義 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Mao ting ke hua 茆亭客話, “Talks with Guests at the Water Mallow Pavilion” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). Written by → Huang Xiufu 黃休复. 10 juan. The book records anecdotes of Shu 蜀 (present-day Si chuan 四川), starting from Former Shu (907-925) during the Five Dynasties period down to the time of Emperor → Song Zhen zong 宋真宗 (r. 997-1022). Much of the contents have historical value, but there is also mythological material and Daoist alchemical lore. The → ZLBC cites a passage, and LSZ takes this over in his bibliography and the main text, citing the book as Mao ting ke hua 茆亭客話 [2] and as Mao ting ke hua 茅亭客話, “Talks with Guests at the Thatch Pavilion,” [2]. Mao ting ke hua 茅亭客話 → Mao ting ke hua 茆亭客話 Mao Wenxi 毛文錫 (10th century) [4] Five Dynasties period poet and high official. Style name Pinggui 平珪, a man of Gao yang 高陽, now part of He nan 河南, son of the Tang official Mao Guifan 毛龜範. Mao Wenxi became a jin shi at the age of 14 and went on to hold high offices in Former Shu 蜀. After the fall of that state, he went on to serve Later Tang 唐 and Later Shu. Mao was the author of a Qian Shu ji shi 前蜀紀事, “Record of Events in Former Shu,” and the → Cha pu 茶譜. Mao Zhifang 毛直方 (late 13th century) [1] Scholar of the late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 dynasties. Style name Jingke 靜可, a man of Jian an 建安, now part of Jian ou 建甌 in Fu jian 福建. He held a minor local post at the time of the Yuan invasion and afterwards a teaching post until he was driven away by other scholars. Mao was the author of the Liu Fuxuan gao 聊复軒稿, “Drafts of Liu Fuxuan,” and other books. LSZ also regards him as the author of the → Shi xue da cheng 詩學大成. Mei pu 梅譜, “Plum Treatise” [2] Southern Song 宋 text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Together with the → Ju pu 菊 譜  this text forms the Fan cun mei ju pu 范村梅菊譜, “Treatise on Plums and Chrysanthemums from the Fan [Family’s] Village.” Written by → Fan Chengda 范成大. 1 juan. The treatise discusses twelve varieties of plums planted on the Fan’s estate. It devotes special attention to the lü e mei 綠蕚梅 as a rare fruit. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and once in the main text in connection with various sorts of plums. Mei Sheng 枚乘 (died 140 BCE) [1] Western Han 漢 official and poet. Style name Shu 叔, a man of Huai yin 淮陰, now part of Huai an 淮安 in Jiang su 江蘇. A drug name mentioned in his famous poem → Qi fa 七發 is cited by LSZ in SE gu mi 菰米.

326 Mei Shengyu 梅聖俞 → Mei Yaochen 梅堯臣 Mei Shengyu ji 梅聖俞集 → Mei Yaochen shi 梅堯臣詩 Mei shi 梅師, “Master Mei” [41] Sui 隋 or Tang 唐 physician. This could be a Sui monk, literary name Wenmei 文梅, “Literary [Mr.] Mei,” a man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Author of the → Mei shi ji yan fang 梅師集驗方. However, the designation Mei shi could also refer to the Tang figure Mei Chongxian 梅崇 獻, and there is no irrefutable proof for either possibility. LSZ also claims this unidentifiable Mei shi to be the same person as → Shen shi 深師, to whom he erroneously assigns the → Jiao qi lun 腳氣論. Mei shi ji yan fang 梅師集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes of Master Mei” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN there Mei shi fang 梅師方, “Recipes of Master Mei.” Written by a → Mei shi 梅師 of uncertain identity. DC Sui 隋 or Tang 唐. The original book is lost, and fragments are preserved in the ZLBC only. LSZ lists the text as Mei shi ji yan fang [1] in his bibliographical sections and quotes the work second hand from the ZLBC as Mei shi fang [111] or simply using the name of the author, Mei shi [40]. In SE cong 蔥 he erroneously refers to the text as Mi shi fang 冞師方, “Recipes of Master Mi,” [1]. Mei yangqing 梅楊卿 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. He is mentioned in SE wu zhu yu 吳茱萸, in connection with an “elixir of Wu the immortal” (Wu xian dan 吳仙丹) cited from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, juan 165. Cf. → Cai Dadao 蔡達道. Mei yaochen 梅堯臣 (1002-1060) Northern Song 宋 poet. Style name Shengyu 聖俞, a man of Xuan cheng 宣城 in Xuan zhou 宣州, now part of An hui 安徽. Xuan cheng was called Wan ling 宛陵 in ancient times, thus Mei Yaochen became known as Mei Wanling 梅宛 陵. He passed the jin shi examinations in his middle age and held various court appointments after that. His collection is the Wanling xiansheng wen ji 宛陵先生 文集, “Literary Collection of the Gentleman [Mei] Wanling,” or Wanling ji 宛 陵集, “Collection of [Mei] Wanling,” (→ Mei Yaochen shi 梅堯臣詩). LSZ refers to Mei as Mei Yaochen [2] and as Mei Shengyu 梅聖俞 [1]. Mei Yaochen shi 梅堯臣詩, “Poetry of Mei yaochen” This is LSZ’s name for the Wanling ji 宛陵集, “Collection of [Mei] Wanling.” FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN there Mei Yaochen ji 梅堯臣集, “Collection of Mei Yaochen,” also Wanling xiansheng wen ji 宛陵先生文集, “Literary Collection of the Gentleman Wanling.” Written by → Mei Yaochen 梅堯臣. DC Northern Song 宋. 60 juan. The title Mei Yaochen shi [2] (in some editions Mei Yaochen shi ji 梅堯 臣詩集, “Poetry Collection of Mei Yaochen”) is only found in the BCGM, and the material quoted in the main text is taken from juan 53 of the Wanling ji, so this must be the book LSZ is referring to. LSZ also erroneously cites the text as Mei Shengyu ji 梅聖俞集, “Collection of Mei Shengyu,” [1] in SE gan lan 橄欖.

327 Meng Chang 孟昶 (919-65) [4] Last emperor of Later Shu 蜀 during the Five Dynasties period, r. 934-964. Originally called Meng Renzan 孟仁贊, style name Baoyuan 保元. His minister → Han Baosheng 韓保昇 and others compiled the Chong guang ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草) at his command, and Meng Chang himself wrote a preface to this work. Meng Chuozi 孟綽子 [1] Daoist immortal, said to have suggested ingesting wu jia 五加 and di yu 地榆 to promote longevity. LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites this story in SE wu jia 五加 from an assumed → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經. Meng Guan 孟琯 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty literatus, a man of Chen zhou 郴州 in present-day Hu nan 湖 南, jin shi during the yuan he 元和 reign period (806-820). Author of the → Ling nan yi wu zhi 嶺南異物志. Meng Jian 孟簡 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official; fl, 8th to 9th century. Served as Vice Minister of Justice (xing bu shi lang 刑部侍郎). According to → Han Yu 韓愈, he ingested an elixir and died. LSZ cites this in SE shui yin 水銀. Meng quan 蒙筌 → Ben cao meng quan 本草蒙筌 Meng Shen 孟詵 (621-713) Tang 唐 dynasty official and expert in life cultivation. A man of Liang 梁 in Ru zhou 汝州, now Lin ru 臨汝 in He nan 河南, jin shi. He is said to have taken an interest in pharmaceutics as a boy, and in 674 he became a disciple of the famous physician → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. He was also appointed prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Tong zhou 同州 and was thus called Meng Tongzhou 孟同州. At the age of more than 80 years he retired to Yi yang 伊陽 Mountain to study medicine and self-cultivation. He has a biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Meng wrote two books, the → Bi xiao fang 必效 方 and the Bu yang fang 補養方, “Recipes for Supplementation and Nourishment,” in 3 juan. The latter work was revised and expanded by → Zhang Ding 張鼎, to create the → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草. LSZ quotes the Shi liao ben cao and the Bi xiao fang. He also refers a → Jin xiao fang 近效方 to Meng, but this is probably an error. There is also one reference to a → Meng shi Shen fang 孟氏詵 方, but it is unclear where he got the title from and there is no other evidence for such a book. LSZ refers to Meng as Meng Shen [351], Shen 詵 [229], as Meng shi 孟氏, “Mr. Meng,” [4], and Meng shi Shen 孟氏詵, “Mr. Meng Shen,” [1]. Meng Shen ben cao 孟詵本草 → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草 Meng shi 孟氏 → Meng Shen 孟詵 Meng shi Shen 孟氏詵 → Meng Shen 孟詵

328 Meng shi Shen fang 孟氏詵方, “recipes of Mr. Meng Shen” [1] Medical recipe book listed in the BCGM bibliography, but the book does not appear in any other source and is not cited in the main text of the BCGM. If such a text ever existed, the author must have been → Meng Shen 孟詵. Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, “Brush Talks from dream Creek” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Shen Gua 沈括. DC late 11th century. 26 juan. There was also a 3 juan Bu bi tan 補筆談, “Supplemented Brush Talks,” by the same author and a 1 juan Xu bi tan 續筆談, “Sequel to the Brush Talks.” The book’s name derives from the “Dream Creek Park” (Meng xi yuan 夢溪園) in Run zhou 潤州 (now Zhen jiang 鎮江 in Jiang su 江蘇), where Shen is said to have written the work. The Meng xi bi tan contains much information on ancient natural science and includes a Yao yi 藥議, “Discussion of Medicinals,” in one juan. It is cited in the → ZLBC, and LSZ also frequently quotes the book’s material on medicinals. He refers to the work as Meng xi bi tan [3] and as Bi tan 筆談, “Brush Talks,” [42], sometimes labeling the title with some form of the author’s name, that is, Shen Gua, Shen shi 沈氏, “Mr. Shen,” or Shen Cunzhong 沈存中, or using one of these names alone to stand for the book. Meng zi 孟子, “Master Meng” [5] Title of a book, one of the Confucian classics and of the “Four Books” (si shu 四 書). FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Compiled by the Warring States philosopher Meng zi (Mencius) and his disciples in 11 chapters (7 chapters still extant). There are many commentated editions. The → TJBC uses the text as a source for the names of pharmaceutical substances, and LSZ takes this over in his main text without listing the book in his bibliography. Mengjie 孟節 [1] This is Hao Mengjie 郝孟節, a master of recipes (fang shi 方士) from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. A man of Shang dang 上黨 in present-day Shan xi 山西. Legend has it that he kept a date kernel in his mouth and was able not to ingest food for five or ten years. LSZ cites this story from the → Hou Han shu 後漢書  in SE zao 棗. Mi bao fang 秘寶方 → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方 Mi chuan wai ke 秘傳外科 → Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳 Mi chuan wai ke fang 秘傳外科方 → Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳 Mi fang 秘方, “Secret recipes” [1] Source text of pharmaceutical recipes. There are plenty of medical recipe books that carry the term mi fang in the title, but the recipe LSZ cites in SE cu 醋 from a text called Mi fang originates from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 juan 251. Mi lan 秘覽 → Ji sheng mi lan 濟生秘覽, → Jin nang mi lan 錦囊秘覽 Mi lu 秘錄 → Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄

329 Mi lu fang 秘錄方 → Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄 Mi shi fang 冞師方 → Mei shi ji yan fang 梅師集驗方 Mi yun 秘韞 → Qian kun mi yun 乾坤秘韞 Mi yun fang 秘韞方 → Qian kun mi yun 乾坤秘韞 Ming dao za zhi 明道雜志, “Miscellaneous records [from the Temple of ] Enlightening the Way” Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Zhang Lei 張耒. DC chong ning 崇寧 reign period (1101-1106). 1 juan. The book describes Tang 唐 and Song scholars, social customs, scenery and local products, etc. The original book is lost, but the → Shuo fu 説郛 preserves an excerpted version along with one of the book’s sequels, the Xu ming dao za zhi 續明道雜 志, “Sequel to the Miscellaneous Records [from the Temple of ] Enlightening the Way.” LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, referring to it as Ming dao za zhi [2], as Ming dao zhi 明道誌, “Records [from the Temple of ] Enlightening the Way,” and as Za zhi 雜志, “Miscellaneous Records,” [1], labeling all these titles with Zhang Lei’s name. Ming dao zhi 明道誌 → Ming dao za zhi 明道雜志 Ming di 明帝 [1] Name of various emperors. LSZ mentions → Han Ming di 漢明帝, → Song Ming di 宋明帝, and → Qi Ming di 齊明帝 but only the latter does he refer to as Ming di alone. Ming Guangzu 明光祖 [1] Name of an official. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Pu ji fang 普濟 方 states that he once served as an Assistant Commandant (tong pan guan 統判 官), but no such post is known. LSZ calls him a Commander-general (tong zhi 統制), which was a post that existed only during the Song 宋. According to the Pu ji fang, he was cured by a pill with tian nan xing 天南星 when he was seriously injured. LSZ cites this in SE yuan 蚖. Ming huang 明皇 → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 Ming huang za lu 明皇雜錄, “Miscellaneous records [from the Time] of Emperor Ming” [3] Literary anthology. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Zheng Chuhui 鄭處誨 (→ Zheng shi 鄭氏 ). DC 855. 2 juan, plus a one juan supplement. The text focuses on anecdotes from the time of the Tang Emperor Ming 明 (→ Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗, r. 712-756). The work is extensively quoted by the → ZLBC and the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義. LSZ cites the book second hand but fails to indicate the full name of its author, referring simply to Zheng shi 鄭氏, “Mr. Zheng.” Ming mu fang 明目方 → Ming mu jing yan fang 明目經驗方 Ming mu ji yan fang 明目集驗方 → Ming mu jing yan fang 明目經驗方

330 Ming mu jing yan fang 明目經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes for Brightening the Eyes” Anonymous book on ophthalmology. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ cites the book as Ming mu jing yan fang [5], as Ming mu ji yan fang 明目集驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes for Brightening the Eyes,” [1], and as Ming mu fang 明目方. “Recipes for Brightening the Eyes,” [3]. Books of a similar title from before LSZ’s times include the Ming mu shen yan fang 明目神驗方, “Divine, Proven Recipes for Brightening the Eyes,” and a Ming mu fang of Hu Yongnian 胡 永年 listed in the Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories,” but which one of these books LSZ is referring to remains to be verified. Ming shi 冥氏, “Gentleman of darkness” [1 Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Responsible for setting up nets and digging traps to catch wild animals, so as to gather their hides and teeth. Ming tang ren xing tu 明堂人形圖, “Illustrations of the Human Body from the Hall of Brilliance” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical book. AN Zhen fang ming tang ren xing tu 針方 明堂人形圖, “Needling Recipes with Illustrations of the Human Body from the Hall of Brilliance.” Written by → Zhen Quan 甄權. 1 juan. LSZ cites the text from an unknown source. Ming tang yue ling 明堂月令 → Yue ling 月令  Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄, “Supplementary records by Famous Physicians” (MYBL) CMM. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Bie lu 別錄, “Supplementary Records.” 3 juan. DC 3rd and 4th centuries. The MYBL is a supplement to the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神 農本草經 containing new discussions and new medicinals provided by famous physicians of the Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 dynasties, such as → Wu Pu 吳普, → Li Dangzhi 李當之, and others. The book was later reorganized and recorded by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 (c. 456-536) to create the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集 注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (AN Ben cao ji jing 本草集經, “Collected Classics of Materia Medica,” DC 492-500, 7 juan). In the early manuscripts, to distinguish its own text from the Shen nong ben cao jing, the MYBL was written in black, whereas the main text of the Shen nong ben cao jing was written in vermilion. Tao Hongjing preserved this distinction when he edited the two works, entering additions into each section but keeping the black for the MYBL entries. Each had 365 entries, 730 in all. Below the name of each pharmaceutical substance, Tao described in small characters their appearance, efficacy, production areas, etc. When he added his own notes, he added his name to clarify the source of the information. The result was Tao’s Ben cao jing ji zhu. LSZ mistakenly considered Tao Hongjing as the editor of a 7 juan MYBL and never refers to the Ben cao jing ji zhu by name. Instead, he assigned all the material from the Ben cao jing ji zhu to the MYBL and frequently labeled designations

331 for the latter work with Tao’s name. He quotes the work as Ming yi bie lu [35], Tao shi bie lu 陶氏別錄, “Supplementary Records of Mr. Tao,” [2], Tao Yinju ben cao 陶隱居本草, “Materia Medica of Tao Yinju,” [3], the Tao shi ben cao 陶氏本 草, “Materia Medica of Mr. Tao,” [3], but mostly simply as Bie lu [2456]. Tao’s annotations are labeled Hongjing 弘景 [928], Tao 陶 [150], Tao shi 陶氏, “Mr. Tao,” [105], Tao Hongjing [101], Tao Yinju 陶隱居 [30], Tao zhu 陶注, “Tao’s Annotations,” [10], Tao gong 陶公, “Honorable Mr. Tao,” [2], or Tao Zhenbai 陶貞白 [1]. All the material from the Ben cao jing ji zhu was taken from the → ZLBC. One reference to a → Ming yi zhu xu 名醫注續 goes back to → Li Gao 李杲. Ming yi bie pin 名醫別品, “Supplementary Medicinals [used by] Famous Physicians” [1] This is a term used by LSZ in his bibliographical sections to refer to medicinals recorded in the → MYBL that were not included in the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 yet. Ming yi lu 名醫錄, “records of Famous Physicians” [9] Abbreviation for the Shen mi ming yi lu 神秘名醫錄, “Divine, Secret Records of Famous Physicians,” a Northern Song 宋 encyclopedia of informal essays on medicine. FE Tian yi ge jian cun shu mu 天一閣見存書目, “Catalogue of Books Preserved at Heaven One Pavilion.” Written by Dang Yongnian 黨永年. DC c. 1077. 2 juan. The text contains case records, pharmaceutical information, and stories about various doctors. Even the original book was rare, and only a few sections are quoted in the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. The author Dang Yongnian lived during the 2nd half of the 11th century. According to the Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,”, he was also the author of a 3 juan Zhi yi xin shuo 摭醫新説, “New Elucidations Extracted from Medical [Works].” This text is cited in the → Yi shuo 醫説. Further details about his life are unavailable. Ming yi za zhu 明醫雜著, “Miscellaneous Writings of Famous Physicians” Clinical text. FE Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “The Hundred Streams Bibliography.” Written by → Wang Lun 王綸. DC 1502. 6 juan (AV 1 juan). The first part of the book imitates the → Danxi yu lu 丹溪語錄 in style, discussing principles of medicine, drug application, etc. This is followed by information on differentiation of disease causes and treatment determination for the fields of internal medicine, gynecology, and disorders of the five sensory organs. Recipes are listed in the last juan. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Ming yi za zhu [1], and material referred to a Wang Lun yi lun 王綸醫論, “Medical Discourse by Wang Lun,” [1] in the main text is taken from this book. Ming yi zhu xu 名醫注續, “Continued annotations of Famous Physicians” [1] Reference to additional contents introduced by famous physicians to the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 during Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 times. In later centuries commonly called → MYBL. LSZ quotes → Li Gao 李杲 who occasionally spoke of a Ming yi zhu xu when citing material from the MYBL in SE qian niu zi 牽牛子.

332 Ming yuan 名苑, “Famous Gardens” [4] Lost Song 宋 dynasty book. FE → Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考. Written by → Sima Guang 司馬光. DC 1049. Size uncertain. The preface is preserved in the author’s Chuan jia ji 傳家集, “Collection Transmitted Within the Family.” From this preface we know that the work is a lexicographical text and its material is based on the contents of the → Ji yun 集韻. Among other things, the work included names of plants, worms/bugs, and fish, thus LSZ’s interest. He cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking the material on jun qian zi 君遷子 from the Dan qian zhai lu 丹鉛摘錄, “Selected Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) of → Yang Shen 楊慎, and material on the stag (zhu 麈) from the Mao shi ming wu jie 毛詩名物解, “Explanations of Famous Things in the Mao Book of Songs,” of the Song author Cai Bian 蔡卞. Ming zhi 明之 → Li Gao 李杲 Mo 謨 → Cai Mo 蔡謨 Mo ke hui xi 墨客揮犀, “Casual Conversations among Literati” [5] Collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” There is no author given there, but LSZ and the Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” attribute the work to → Peng Cheng 彭乘. Modern scholars consider the text the work of an anonymous author who falsely assumed the name of Peng Cheng. 10 juan plus a 10 juan sequel. The work contains Northern Song 宋 anecdotes and stories, poetry, and textual criticism. Much of its phraseology and contents is also found in other Song bi ji. Mo pu 墨譜, “Ink Treatise” [1] One of four parts comprising the Wen fang si pu 文房四譜, “Four Treatises on the [Tools of the] Study,” (→ Zhi pu 紙譜) of → Su Yijian 蘇易簡. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections, referring it to Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su.” Mo Qiangzhong 莫强中 [1] Northern Song 宋 official, fl. 11th century, the father-in-law of → Fang Shao 方 勺. Served as magistrate of Feng cheng 豐城 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. According to the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編, he once suffered from “cold accumulations” (leng ji 冷積) in his spleen but was cured by ingesting “two worthies powder” (er xian san 二賢散). LSZ cites this in SE ju 橘. Mo tan 墨談 → Liang shan mo tan 兩山墨談 Mo zi 墨子, “Master Mo” [2] Philosophical book. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” DC late Warring States period. 15 juan, 71 chapters (53 still extant). This is a compendium of the works of the Mohist school based on the thoughts of the historical figure Mo zi (c. 468 to 376 BCE). According to tradition, Master Mo’s original name was Mo Di 墨翟 (AV Zhai Wu 翟烏), but according to modern research the name Mo 墨, “black,” derives from facial tattoes that were received as a criminal punishment by slaves or common labourers. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

333 Moye 摩耶 [1] This is Maya, the mother of the Buddha Shakyamuni (→ Shijia 釋迦). Legend has it that she gave birth to the Buddha from the ribs in her right flank. The story is recorded in the → Shu yuan za ji 菽園雜記, but LSZ gives a → Ye shi 野史 as his source in SE ren gui 人傀. Mu dan pu 牡丹譜, “Peony Treatise” Northern Song text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN originally Luo yang mu dan ji 洛陽牡丹記, “Peony Record from Luo yang.” Written by→ Ouyang Xiu 歐陽 修. 1 juan. The text is devoted to the peonies of the Luo yang area that impressed Ouyang Xiu when he was young. It is divided into three chapters: chapter one lists 24 varieties of peonies, chapter two discusses the origins of the names assigned to the flowers, and chapter three is devoted to cultivation methods and related topics. Later editions of the book added poetry on peonies. LSZ cites the book as Mu dan pu [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Hua pu 花譜, “Flower Treatise,” [2] in the main text. Mu fu yan xian lu 幕府燕閑錄, “records of the Leisure Time at the Prefect’s Office” [2] Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Bi Zhongxun 畢仲荀 (→ Bi shi 畢氏). DC 1080. 10 juan. The work contains Tang 唐 and Song anecdotes and chitchat. The original book is lost, but many fragments are preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the Shuo fu. Mu shu xian tan 牧豎閑談, “Idle Talk of a Herd Boy” [2] Five Dynasties or early Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Jing Huan 景煥. 3 juan (AV 5 juan). The book is devoted to unusual objects and extraordinary things. The → Shuo fu 説郛 preserves an incomplete version. LSZ quotes it as Mu shu xian tan [2] and as Xian tan 閑談, “Idle Talk,” [1] of Jing Huan. The title appears rather similar to the → Qiao mu xian tan 樵牧 閑談 cited in the main text of the BCGM, but whether this is one and the same book remains to be verified. Mu tian zi zhuan 穆天子傳, “Biography of Emperor Mu” [3] Anonymous text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Author unknown, but the annotations are attributed to → Guo Pu 郭璞. 6 juan. This is one of the pre-Qin 秦 texts recovered in Ji jun 汲 郡 during the Jin 晉 dynasty from a royal tomb from the Warring States period state of Wei 魏. The first five juan of the work describe the legendary journey of → Zhou Mu wang 周穆王 to the West. The work was frequently quoted by → Zhang Yuxi 掌禹錫, the author of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. LSZ cites the book second hand from the → ZLBC.

334 Mu Xiujing 穆修靖 [1] Tang 唐 or Song 宋 dynasty person. The Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” attributes a → Ling zhi ji 靈芝 記 to him, and claims the book was annotated by Luo Gongyuan 羅公逺, a legendary Daoist immortal said to have lived during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (712-741). Since this attribution to Luo Gongyuan is probably faked, Mu might have been a figure of Tang or Song times. Neither the BCGM nor any other book cites material from the Ling zhi ji, so nothing more can be said about the author or the book.

-NNahe 納合 (13th century) [2] This is Nahe Maizhu 納合買住, a Jin 金 dynasty official. Served as Vice Comissioner at the Burau of Military Affairs (shu mi fu shi 樞密副使) and held the title Minister Duke (xiang gong 相公) of the Branch Secretariat (xing sheng 行省), therefore he was sometimes called Nahe xiang gong 納合相公, “Minister Duke Nahe.” In 1232 he defeated the Song 宋. At the age of more than 70 years, his hair and beard were all white. But after he obtained a certain recipe for a herbal preparation to clean his teeth and rinse his mouth with, his hair and beard turned black within ten years. The recipe is recorded in the Shou qin yang lao shu 壽親養老書, “Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly” (→ Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書) and taken over by LSZ in SE li chang 鱧腸. Nan cheng zhi 南城志, “records of the Southern City” [2] Incorrect name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author given. The book is cited by LSZ in his bibliographical sections and in the main text, but the passage in question was taken from the → ZLBC, which cites the material as from the → Nan yue zhi 南越志. Since LSZ frequently cites the latter title in his main text but without listing it in his bibliography, the Nan cheng zhi must be an erroneous name for the Nan yue zhi. Nan du fu 南都賦, “rhapsody on the Southern Capital” [1] Han 漢 dynasty fu 賦 by → Zhang Heng 張衡. The “Southern Capital” is Nan yang 南陽 prefecture, now Nan yang in He nan 河南, home of the Eastern Han emperor Guang Wu di 光武帝, that is, Liu Xiu 劉秀. As it was located south of the capital Luo yang 洛陽, it was called Nan du. Zhang Heng was from Nan yang as well, and in his poem he traced the history of the place, spoke of the beauty of its scenery, and its rich products. The Nan du fu was often quoted in later works. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 cites a fragment, and LSZ takes this over in SE luo yan mu 落雁木.

335 Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees from the Southern regions” Western Jin 晉 botanical book, the first of its type in Chinese history. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Ji Han 嵇含. DC 306. 3 juan. The author collected material on 80 varieties of local medicinal plants (29 herbs, 28 trees, 17 fruits, and 6 bamboos) from Guang dong 廣東, Guang xi 廣西, and Vietnam. There is some controversy about Ji Han’s authorship, some claim that the material was only collected and edited by a Song 宋 dynasty person, while this is disputed by others that regard the text as Ji Han’s work because of stylistic considerations. LSZ refers to the work as Nan fang cao mu zhuang [21] and as Cao mu zhuang 草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees,” [16], frequently labeling the title with Ji Han’s name. He also cites a → Nan fang cao wu zhuang 南方草物狀, but the contents of the fragment cited are not found in the present edition of the Nan fang cao mu zhuang. Nan fang cao wu zhuang 南方草物狀, “Forms of the Herbal Materials from the Southern regions” [1] Pre-Tang 唐 book. The title is not listed in any of the standard bibliographies, but various books of Tang times or earlier mention it and give Xu Zhong 徐衷 (which may be → Xu Biao 徐表) as the author (who is also sometimes attributed a Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees of the Southern Regions”). In fact, the contents of the book appear rather similar to the → Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, and present editions of the BCGM often equate it with that work, but the Nan fang cao wu zhuang also holds material on various animals, which the Nan fang cao mu zhuang does not have. Nan fang yi wu zhi 南方異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern regions” [10] Tang 唐 dynasty text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Fang Qianli 房千里. 1 juan. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, and other books, but none provides any name of an author. LSZ refers the work to Fang Qianli in his bibliographical sections. In the main text of the BCGM he quotes material second hand from the Jia you ben cao and other works, in one instance mistaking the work for the → Nan zhou ji 南州記 and incorrectly labeling the title with the name of → Xu Biao 徐表. Nan fang zhi 南方志, “record of the Southern regions” [1] Title of a book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Author and DC uncertain. LSZ uses the text as source of the alternative name bang zhu 蚌珠 for zhen zhu 真珠. However, the term bang zhu is not found in the extant version of the Nan fang zhi. Nan Gongcong 南宮從 Ming 明 dynasty man, author of the → Gou lou shen shu 岣嶁神書. Further details unavailable.

336 Nan hai yao lu 南海藥錄 → Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜 Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜, “Treatise on Medicinals from Faraway Places in the South” Lost, anonymous text on pharmaceutical substances. See bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. AN Yao pu 藥譜, “Treatise on Medicinals.” DC late Tang 唐. According to the BCGM 2 juan (AV 1 juan, 7 juan). Fragments are preserved in the Jia you ben cao only. The book apparently contained rather unorganized miscellaneous information on production areas and application of pharmaceutical substances from places in the South. LSZ erroneously considered the frequently quoted → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 to be the same book, which is why material referred to that text may be from the Nan hai yao pu as well. He seldom uses the book’s real name, referring to it as Nan hai yao pu [2], erroneously as Nan hai yao lu 南海藥錄, “Record of Drugs from Faraway Places in the South,” [1], or by the abbreviation Yao pu [2]. Nan jing 難經, “Classic of difficult Issues” [8] Medical theory book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Huang di ba shi yi nan jing 黃帝八 十一難經, “Classic of 81 Difficult Issues in the Huang di nei jing.” Traditionally attributed to Qin Yue ren 秦越人 (→ Bian Que 扁鵲) of the Warring States Period, but this is unlikely. DC probably pre-Three Kingdoms period. 2 juan, 81 chapters. The text discusses 81 medical difficulties in a question-answer style, thus its name. The issues discussed are closely connected to the contents of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, with a special focus on pulse diagnosis and acumoxa therapy. LSZ cites the work first and second hand. Nan jun ji 南郡記, “records of the Southern Commanderies” [2] Possibly the incorrect name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Author and size uncertain, and the book is not found in any other bibliography. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites one fragment in the main text. The story cited there is found in both the Sui Tang jia hua 隋唐嘉話, “Fine Talks of the Sui and Tang,” of Liu Su 劉餗 and the Da ye shi yi ji 大業拾遺記, “Records of Retrieved Stories of the Da ye Reign Period,” of → Yan Shigu 顔 師古 (AN Nan bu yan hua lu 南部煙花錄, “Records of Spring Scenes from the Southern Parts”), but the wording is nearly identical to the material in the Sui Tang jia hua. It is thus to be suspected that LSZ took the material from that work and not from any Nan jun ji. The Sui tang jia hua was a collection of Sui and Tang stories. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” DC 2nd half of the 8th century. 1 juan. The original text is lost, but an incomplete version is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛. Nan kang ji 南康記, “records of Nan kang” [2] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 geographical text. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN Nan kang jun ji 南康郡記, “Records of Nan kang Commandery.” Written by → Deng Deming 鄧德明. DC yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424-453). The work describes the geography and people of Nan kang commandery, an area

337 around Gan zhou 贛州 and Yu du 于都 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text from the Tai ping yu lan. Nan man ji 南蠻記, “records of Southern Barbarians” [1] Name of a book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The ZLBC cites three fragments from a Tong dian nan man ji 通典南蠻記, “Records of Southern Barbarians from the Tong dian,” from a Nan man di zhi 南蠻地志, “Local Gazetteer of the Southern Barbarians,” and from the → Tong dian 通典. In all three cases the material is from the Nan man – lin yi 南蠻林邑, “Southern Barbarians – Forest Settlements,” chapter in the Tong dian. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. In SE hu po 琥珀, however, he cites the same material as the ZLBC but, taking his material from the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, labels it with the name of → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭. He follows Kou in attributing the material to a → Di li zhi 地理志 . Nan Qi shu 南齊書, “History of Southern Qi” [4] Standard history of the Southern Qi 齊 dynasty, written during the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體) by Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯. AN originally Qi shu 齊書, “History of Qi.” From Song 宋 times on, it was known as the Nan Qi shu to distinguish it from the Tang 唐 era Bei Qi shu 北齊書, “History of Northern Qi,” of Li Baiyao 李百藥. 60 juan. In the present version the prefatory juan is lost. The text records the history of the Qi (477-500) during the time of the Southern Dynasties and preserves much primary source material. LSZ cites it as Nan Qi shu [4] and Qi shu [2]. The author Xiao Zixian was a Liang dynasty historiographer. Style name Jingyang 景陽, a man of Nan lan ling 南蘭陵 in the northeast of present-day Wu jin 武進 in Jiang su 江蘇. He was a grandson of the emperor Qi Gao di 齊高帝 (Xiao Daocheng 蕭道成) and held high court offices. Author of a Hou Han shu 後漢書, “History of the Later Han,” the Nan Qi shu, and other books. Nan shan jing 南山經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 Nan shi 南史, “History of the Southern [dynasties]” [13] Standard history, written during the Tang 唐 dynasty in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體) by → Li Yanshou 李延壽. 80 juan. It covers the history of the Southern Dynasties Liu Song 劉宋, Qi 齊, Liang 梁, and Chen 陳. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but frequently cites it in the main text. Nan Tang shu 南唐書, “History of Southern Tang” [3] Two different historical works devoted to the history of the Southern Tang 唐 kingdom of the Five Dynasties period. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解 題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” One is a Northern Song 宋 book written by Ma Ling 馬令. DC 1105. 30 juan. This was later known as the Ma shi Nan Tang shi 馬氏南唐史, “History of Southern Tang

338 by Mr. Ma.” Ma’s ancestors had lived in the Southern Tang capital of Jin ling 金陵 (present-day Nan jing 南京), therefore he was familiar with the history of the time. His book is particularly valuable for its source material. The second Nan Tang shu is a Southern Song book written by → Lu You 陸游. 18 juan. Its accounts of events are simple but comprehensive, and the work is considered superior to Ma’s. LSZ lists one Nan Tang shu in his bibliographical sections without indicating an author. The story quoted in his main text can be found in both versions of the Nan Tang shu, but LSZ’s citation seems to originate from juan 17 of Lu’s work. Nan xing fang 南行方, “recipes from a Southern Journey” [5] Song 宋 or pre-Song medical recipe book. EE → TJBC. Attributed there to an otherwise unknown → Yang Yan 楊炎. The original text is lost, but the TJBC (reproduced in the → ZLBC) preserves some fragments. The book is listed in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM as one of the sources LSZ used, but as a matter of fact his citations are only second hand from the ZLBC. There is another Nan xing fang listed in the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” but since the author is given as Li Jigao 李繼皋 there, this must be a different book. Nan yang huo ren fang 南陽活人方 → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書 Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書, “Book from Nan yang for Saving People’s Lives” Northern Song 宋 book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN originally Wuqiu zi shang han bai wen 無求子傷寒百問, “One Hundred Questions of the Master Without Desires on Harm Caused by Cold,” current version Shang han lei zheng huo ren shu 傷寒類證活人書, “Book for Saving People’s Lives on Harm Caused by Cold, Categorized by Disease Signs.” Written by → Zhu Gong 朱肱. DC 1108. 20 juan. The work reorganized material from the → Shang han lun 傷寒論  in question-answer style by disease signs and recipes. The title refers to → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, a man of Nan yang 南陽. LSZ cites the work as Nan yang huo ren shu [12], as Huo ren shu 活人書, “Book for Saving People’s Lives,” [23], as Nan yang shu 南陽書, “Book from Nan yang,” [1], as Nan yang huo ren fang 南陽活人方, “Recipes from Nan yang for Saving People’s Lives, ” [1], or referring to the name of the author alone as Zhu Gong [2] and Zhu Fengyi 朱奉議 [1]. Nan yang shu 南陽書 → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書 Nan yi ji 南裔記, “records of the Southern Borderlands” Erroneous name for a geographical text. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author given. LSZ lists the text as Nan yi ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites a Nan yi zhi 南裔志, “Treatise on the Southern Borderlands,” [1] in the main text. The material quoted originates from a Nan yi zhi citation in the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹 鉛錄) and other books. The same excerpt can also be found in earlier works like

339 the Tang 唐 era → Bei hu lu 北戶錄 and the Song 宋 Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” of Pan Zimu 潘自牧. There it is referred to the Nan yi yi wu zhi 南裔異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern Borderlands,” or Yang shi yi wu zhi 楊氏異物志, “Mr. Yang’s Records of Extraordinary Things,” (→ Yi wu zhi 異物志 ), Mr. Yang standing for → Yang Fu 楊孚 of Eastern Han 漢. LSZ’s citation obviously passed through many hands, thus the mistake. Nan yi zhi 南裔志 → Nan yi ji 南裔記, → Yi wu zhi 異物志  Nan yue furen zi ling Wei yuan jun fang 南岳夫人紫靈魏元君方 → Zi ling yuan jun zhuan 紫靈元君傳, → Nan yue Wei furen zhuan 南岳魏夫人傳 Nan yue wang 南越王 → Zhao Tuo 趙佗 Nan yue wang 南粵王 → Zhao Tuo 趙佗 Nan yue Wei furen nei zhuan 南岳魏夫人內傳→ Nan yue Wei fu ren zhuan 南岳魏 夫人傳 Nan yue Wei furen zhuan 南岳魏夫人傳, “Biography of Lady Wei of Nan yue” Name of a text. The Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall,” cites a work of that name and attributes it to Yan Zhenqing 顔 真卿, while the → Shuo fu 説郛 cites a Wei fu ren zhuan 魏夫人傳, “Biography of Lady Wei,” and attributes it to Cai Wei 蔡偉. Both were Tang 唐 era texts that described the life of the female Daoist Wei Huacun 魏華存 (→ Wei furen 魏夫 人, also called Nan yue furen 南岳夫人 or Nan yue furen 南嶽夫人), but neither of them has any medical content. Recipes connected with Wei furen are cited in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and other books, while the → ZLBC lists a Nan yue furen zhuan 南嶽夫人傳, “Biography of the Lady of Nan yue,” in its bibliographical sections and refers two recipes in its main text to a Zi ling yuan jun Nan yue furen nei chuan 紫靈元君南嶽夫人内傳, “Esoteric Transmission by the Lady of Nan yue, the Original Sovereign of the Purple Numinosity.” Citations of such a text are based on a misunderstanding, for these are actually just references to recipes transmitted (chuan 傳) from the Lady of Nan yue and not to any biography (zhuan 傳). Such recipes can, in fact, be found in Daoist sources such as the → Deng zhen yin jue 登真隱訣. LSZ lists a Nan yue Wei furen zhuan [1] (as well as a → Zi ling yuan jun zhuan 紫靈元君傳) in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites recipes second hand as Nan yue Wei furen nei zhuan 南岳魏夫人內傳, “Inner Biography of Lady Wei of Nan yue,” [1] from the ZLBC and as Wei furen zhuan 魏夫人傳, “Biography of Lady Wei,” [1] from the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方. In addition, he cites a Nan yue furen zi ling Wei yuan jun fang 南岳夫人紫靈魏元君方, “Recipe of the Lady of Nan yue, the Original Sovereign Wei of the Purple Numinosity,” [1] in his main text, and there is also one recipe associated with Wei yuan jun 魏元君 cited from the Tan xian fang 坦仙方, “Recipes of Tan the Immortal,” (→ Jie xiao fang 皆效方) as well as one for the treatment of “flesh strips post-partum,” (chan hou rou xian 產 後肉線) said to have been secretly transmitted from Wei furen. The source of this material is uncertain.

340 Nan yue zhi 南越志, “records of Nan yue” Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty geographical work. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Shen Huaiyuan 沈懷遠. 5 juan (AV 7 juan). The book describes local conditions and customs of the Ling nan 嶺南 area as well as Vietnam and its border areas in Southeast Asia. It is one of the earliest geographical works covering foreign countries. The original text is lost, but scattered fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → Bei hu lu 北戶錄, the → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異, the → ZLBC, and other books. LSZ cites the book frequently in his main text as Nan yue zhi [20] but mistakenly calls it → Nan cheng zhi 南城志 [2] in his bibliographical sections. Nan zhong zhi 南中志, “Gazetteer of the South Central area” [2] Jin 晉 dynasty geographical text, which originally constituted juan 4 of the → Hua yang guo zhi 華陽國志 of Chang Qu 常璩. During Ming 明 times, → Yang Shen 楊慎 mentioned a separate Nan zhong zhi by Chang Qu that had been preserved in his family. Later on, the Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” considered the text a forgery by Yang Shen himself. Interestingly, when quoted in the main text of the BCGM, the material has nothing to do with the contents of the original text at all. The material referred to a Nan zhong zhi in SE mo 貘 is an amalgam of fragments from the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  and the → Guang zhi 廣志 found in → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 juan 908, and the material in SE gui tan 鬼彈 is composed of passages from a Nan zhong ba jun zhi 南中八郡志, “Gazetteer of the Eight South Central Prefectures,” and the → Sou shen ji 搜神記, both quoted in the Tai ping yu lan as well. Nan zhou ji 南州記, “records of Nan zhou” Lost book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Written by → Xu Biao 徐表. DC Tang 唐 or pre-Tang. Size uncertain. Material from the work on products and plants of Guang zhou 廣州 and its vicinity is frequently cited in the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 of → Li Xun 李珣, who was active during the late Tang or Five Dynasties period. The → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 cites a Nan fang ji 南方記, “Records of the Southern Regions,” of Xu Zhong 徐衷. Other Tang and Song 宋 encyclopedias also cite a book of that name as well as a Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees of the Southern Regions,” by the same author. Considering the similarity of the authors’ names and the titles, it seems possible that the Nan zhou ji and Nan fang ji are one and the same book. LSZ cites the book second hand from the ZLBC as Nan zhou ji [12] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. LSZ also erroneously uses the titles → Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異物志 [1], → Nan fang yi wu zhi 南方異物志 [1], and → Yi wu zhi 異物志  [1] to refer to the book, labeling these titles with Xu Biao’s name. The latter citation does not appear in the ZLBC but rather in the Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” of Pan Zimu 潘自牧, who refers the material to a Nan fang shuo 南方説, “Elucidations of the Southern Regions.”

341 Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things from Nan zhou” Book from the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Wan Zhen 萬震. 1 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are quoted in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, in the later → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類 聚, and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 (cited in the ZLBC) also quotes the book bot does not indicate any author. LSZ cites the book as Nan zhou yi wu zhi [10] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, referring it to Wan Zhen. He takes part of his material from the → ZLBC but cites second hand from other works as well. Some of the references are incorrect, however, i.e., he assigns a Nan zhou yi wu zhi to → Yang Fu 楊孚, but the material cited is actually the Nan yi yi wu zhi 南裔異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern Borderlands,” (→ Yi wu zhi 異物志 ). In another place, LSZ refers to a Nan zhou yi wu zhi by Xu Biao 徐表, but this is an error for the → Nan zhou ji 南州記 in a second hand citation from the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草. And finally, LSZ incorrectly writes Nan chuan yi wu zhi 南川異 物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern Rivers,” [1] in SE ci shi 磁石, which is the Nan zhou yi wu zhi as well. Nei jing 內經 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Nei pian 內篇 → Baopu zi 抱朴子  Nei wai shang bian huo lun 內外傷辨惑論 → Bian huo lun 辨惑論 Nei ze 內則 → Li ji 禮記 Nei zhuan 內傳 → Han Wu nei zhuan 漢武內傳 Nengsi 能嗣 → Tian’er 田兒, → He Shouwu 何首烏 Ni shi 倪氏 → Ni Weide 倪維德 Ni Weide 倪維德 (1303-1377) Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 dynasty physician. Style name Zhongxian 仲賢, literary name Chishan laoren 敕山老人, “The Old Man of Mount Chi,” Originally from Da liang 大梁, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南, his family later moved to Wu xian 吳縣 in Jiang su 江蘇. Ni came from a family of hereditary physicians and was the author of the Yuan ji qi wei 原機啟微, “Enlightening the Subtleties of the Origins and Mechanisms [of Disease],” (→ Yuan ji qi wei ji 原機啟微集) based upon the theories of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, → Li Gao 李杲, → Liu Wan su 劉完素, and → Zhang Congzheng 張從正. LSZ cites Ni as Ni Weide [5], as Ni shi 倪氏, “Mr. Ni,” [1], and in the Jin ling 金陵 edition erroneously as Ni Weixian 倪惟賢 [1] in SE ban jiu 斑鳩, a mistake that was turned into Ni Weide 倪惟德 [1] in modern editions of the BCGM. Ni Weide 倪惟德 → Ni Weide 倪維德 Ni Weixian 倪惟賢 → Ni Weide 倪維德

342 Niao shou cao mu chong yu shu 鳥獸草木蟲魚疏 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Nie pan 涅槃 → Nie pan jing 涅槃經 Nie pan jing 涅槃經, “Nirvana Sutra” This is the Da ban nie pan jing 大般涅槃經, “Mahaparinirvana Sutra,” one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism. FE Chu san cang ji ji 出三 藏記集, “Collection of Notes on the Tripitaka,” (Liang 梁 dynasty). There are various Mahayana and Hinayana versions of the text, with different titles and by different translators. One 3 juan Hinayana version was translated by Faxian 法顯 during the Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty. Mahayana versions include one in 6 juan by Faxian and two larger ones: the Northern edition in 40 juan translated by Zhu Fafeng 竺法豐 (Dharmakshema) in the kingdom of Northern Liang 凉 (397439) and the Southern edition in 36 juan compiled by Hui guan 慧觀 et al. of Liu Song 劉宋. LSZ cites the text as Nie pan jing [4] in his bibliographical sections but does not indicate a translator. He also refers to the work as Nie pan 涅槃, “Nirvana,” [1]. The material cited is also found in the → Wai tao mi yao fang 外臺 秘要方 and the → Shuo fu 説郛. Ning Xian wang 寧獻王 (1378-1448) Ming 明 dynasty prince. This is Zhu Quan 朱權, the 16th son of the Ming founder → Zhu Duanzhang 朱端章. Literary name Chongxu zi 充虛子, “The Master Who Fills Up the Void,” Quxian 臞仙, “Lean Immortal.” Zhu Quan was made prince of Da ning 大寧 (now Ning cheng 寧城 county in Inner Mongolia) in 1391 and was therefore called Ning wang 寧王, “Prince of Ning.” In 1431 he was enfeoffed with the city of Nan chang 南昌 instead. His posthumous name was Xian 獻, thus the name Ning Xian wang. In his later years Zhu developed an interest in Daoist alchemy and compiled books for recreation. LSZ credits him with knowledge about various areas like philosophy, medicine, fortune telling, agriculture, etc. Books by Ning Xian wang used by LSZ include the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊, the → Qian kun sheng yi 乾坤生意, the → Shen yin shu 神隱書 the → Shou yu shen fang 壽域神方, and the → Qian kun mi yun 乾坤秘韞. LSZ refers to him as Ning Xian wang [3] and as Quxian [26]. Ning yuan 寧原 → Ning Yuan 寧源 Ning yuan 寧源 Ming 明 dynasty medical writer. A man of Jing kou 京口, now Zhen jing 鎮江 in Jiang su 江蘇, active during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). Author of the → Shi jian ben cao 食鑒本草. LSZ refers to him as Ning Yuan 寧源 [12], as Ning Yuan 寧原 [30], as Yuan 源 [4], and as Yuan 原 [9]. Niu du yu shi 牛都御史, “Censor-in-chief Niu” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. In SE wan dou 豌豆, LSZ mentions a secret “four sages elixir” (si sheng dan 四聖丹) to treat smallpox that the Niu du yu shi obtained. Niu jing 牛經, “Ox Classic” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty veterinary text. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises .” AN originally Yi niu jing 醫牛

343 經, “The Classic of Treating Oxen.” Written by Jia Dan 賈耽 (→ Jia xiang gong 賈相公). DC 2nd half of the 8th century. 1 juan. Fragments are found in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ cites second hand. Niu’ai 牛哀 [1] Mythological person, also known as Lu ren 魯人, “person from Lu”, Lu gong 魯 公, “Duke of Lu”, or Lu Niu’ai 魯牛哀. Said to have lived before the Western Han 漢. Legend has it that he was ill for seven days and eventually transformed into a tiger. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Nong jing 農經 → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 Nong shu 農書, “Book on agriculture” Large-scale comprehensive book on agriculture. FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續 文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Wang Zhen 王禎. DC 1313. 37 juan (AV 22 juan). The book is divided into three parts: General prescriptions for farming and sericulture, treatises on the hundred grains, and illustrated treatises on agricultural instruments. It describes agricultural technologies of Northern and Southern China as well as farming implements and crops. LSZ cites the book as Nong shu [21], labeling the title with the author’s name in most cases, but wrongly writing Wang Zhen 王楨 in his bibliographical sections. He also refers to the work as Wang shi nong shu 王氏農書, “Mr. Wang’s Book on Agriculture,” [2] and by the author’s name, Wang Zhen [6], alone.

-OOuyang gong 歐陽公 → Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 Ouyang gong wen ji 歐陽公文集, “Literary Collection of the Honorable Mr. Ouyang” Northern Song 宋 literary collection. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN Ouyang Wenzhong gong wen ji 歐陽文忠公文集, “Literary Collection of Ouyang the Literary and Loyal Lord.” Written by → Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修. 153 juan plus a 5 juan appendix. The text encompasses various works of Ouyang’s such as poetry, prose, and memorials to the emperor. Its subdivisions include texts that also circulated separately and that were determined by Ouyang himself, such as the → Gui tian lu 歸田錄, the Jushi ji 居士集, “Collection of the Retired Scholar,” or the Wai zhi ji 外制集, “Collection of the Outer Drafter.” LSZ lists the work as Ouyang gong wen ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite the Gui tian lu [3] there. Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 (1007-1072) Northern Song 宋 scholar and historiographer. Style name Yongshu 永叔, literary name Zuiweng 醉翁, “Drunken Old Man,” Liuyi jushi 六一居士, “One

344 Out of Six Retired Scholars,” posthumous title Wenzhong 文忠, “Literary and Loyal.” A man of Ji shui 吉水 in Ji zhou 吉州, now part of Jiang xi 江西, jin shi 1030. Ouyang Xiu was a key political figure in his time and held a number of high government and academic posts including one at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. He was a leading proponent of the old text (gu wen 古文) movement and is counted as one of the eight great men of letters of the Tang 唐 and Song 宋 dynasties. His writings include the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (written in collaboration with → Song Qi 宋祁, cited by LSZ as → Tang shu 唐書,) and the Xin wu dai shi 新五代史, “New History of the Five Dynasties.” His literary collection is the Ouyang Wenzhong gong wen ji 歐陽文忠公文 集, “Literary Collection of Ouyang the Literary and Loyal Lord,” (→ Ouyang gong wen ji 歐陽公文集). LSZ cites the → Gui tian lu 歸田錄 from this collection as well as the Xin Tang shu and Ouyang’s → Mu dan pu 牡丹譜, referring to the author as Ouyang Xiu [5] and as Ouyang gong 歐陽公 [2]. Ouyang Xun 歐陽詢 (557-641) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty calligrapher. Style name Xinben 信本, a man of Lin xiang 臨湘 in Tan zhou 潭州, now Chang sha 長沙 in Hu nan 湖南. He held various court and academic posts and headed the compilation of the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, frequently used by LSZ as a source for second hand citations. In his main text, LSZ mistakenly makes Ouyang Xun the author of the → Chu xue ji 初學記.

-PPan Changyan 潘昌言 [1] Northern Song 宋 official who served in Huang zhou 黃州. In 1090, Huang zhou and Su zhou 蘇州 were hit by an epidemic of “acute throat closure” (hou bi 喉閉) and eight to nine patients out of ten died. Pan Changyan apparently obtained a “black dragon paste” (hei long gao 黑龍膏) and rescued dozens of people. This story is recorded in the → Shang han zong bing lun 傷寒總病論, and LSZ takes it over in SE zao jia 皂莢. Pan shi 潘氏, “Mr. Pan”  [1] Ming 明 or pre-Ming person of Wei yang 維揚, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. The → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方 records a recipe transmitted by him for the treatment of “bug jie-illness” (chong jie 蟲疥). This material is only reproduced in SE lang du 狼毒 of the BCGM, so there is no way to determine its origin.  [1] Song 宋 dynasty physician. Personal name unknown. The → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方 mentions his modification of a recipe against smallpox, and LSZ takes this over in SE long nao xiang 龍腦香.  [1] Unidentifiable author of a → Pan shi jing yan fang 潘氏經驗方.

345  [1] Uncertain author of a → Pan shi fang 潘氏方, possibly this is → Pan Xun 潘塤, author of the → Chu ji shi 楮記室. Pan shi fang 潘氏方, “recipes of Mr. Pan” [1] Medical recipe book. LSZ cites a recipe from it to treat “wind sores with itch” (feng chuang zuo yang 風瘡作痒) in SE zao jia 皂莢. In his bibliographical sections he lists the → Chu ji shi 楮記室 by the Ming 明 author → Pan Xun 潘塤, and possibly this is the text that he took the recipe from. Pan shi jing yan fang 潘氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. Fan” [1] Medical recipe book. Not listed in any bibliographical source. Written by an unidentifiable Pan shi 潘氏, “Mr. Pan.” Further details unavailable. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections but cites one recipe in SE ru xiang 乳 香. Pan Xun 潘塤 (1476-1562) Ming 明 dynasty high official. Style name Bohe 伯和, a man of Shan yang 山陽, now Huai an 淮安 in Jiang su 江蘇. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1508 and held high central and regional posts. Author of the Huai jun wen xian zhi 淮郡文獻志, “Record of Literary and Documentary Sources from Huai Commandery,” the → Chu ji shi 楮記室, and other books. LSZ refers to him as Pan Xun [1] and possibly as Pan shi 潘氏, “Mr. Pan,” [1]. Pan Yu ji 番禺記, “records of Pan yu” [1] Lost book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by a Wang Delian 王德璉 of uncertain identity. DC possibly Tang 唐. 1 juan. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Pan Yu ji but refers to the author simply as Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang.” The work is neither quoted in the main text of the BCGM nor does the → ZLBC cite any book of that name. The Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” lists a Po yang xian ji 鄱陽縣記, “Records of Po yang County,” by a Wang Delian, but this was probably a later person of the same name. Pan yue 潘岳 (247-300) [3] Western Jin 晉 official and poet. Style name Anren 安仁, a man of Zhong mou 中牟 in Ying yang 滎陽, now part of He nan 河南. He held various local and central posts and excelled in writing poetry. The → Jin shu 晉書 has his biography. LSZ cites his → Xian ju fu 閑居賦, the → Xi zheng fu 西征賦, and a → Pan Yue fu 潘岳賦. Pan Yue fu 潘岳賦, “rhapsody by Pan yue” [1] This is the He yang ting qian an shi liu fu 河陽庭前安石榴賦, “Rhapsody on the Pomegranates Growing in Front of the Courtyard at He yang,” a Western Jin 晉 fu 賦. Written by → Pan Yue 潘岳. The poem is preserved in the Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” of Pan Zimu 潘自牧, and LSZ cites it second hand in SE an shi liu 安石榴.

346 Pang anchang 龐安常 → Pang Anshi 龐安時 Pang Anchang fang 龐安常方 → Shang han zong bing lun 傷寒總病論 Pang anshi 龐安時 (c. 1043-1100) Northern Song 宋 medical expert. Style name Anchang 安常, a man of Qi shui 蘄水 in Qi zhou 蘄州, now Xi shui 浠水 in Hu bei 湖北. From a family of hereditary physicians, Pang was well-versed in the medical classics and philosophical works, especially the → Nan jing 難經 and the works of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景. He applied the medical principles of the Huang di nei jing 黃帝內 經, “Inner Classic of the Yellow Thearch,” (→ Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, → Ling shu jing 靈樞經) to clinical practice, integrating them into the teachings of Zhang Zhongjing on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). Pang was the author of the → Shang han zong bing lun 傷寒總病論 and the Nan jing jie yi 難經 解義, “Explaining the Meanings of the Classic of Difficult Issues.” LSZ refers to Pang as Pang Anshi [10], as Pang Anchang 龐安常 [11], as Pang shi 龐氏, “Mr. Pang,” [1], and as Pang weng 龐翁, “Old Man Pang,” [1]. Pang shi 龐氏 → Pang Anshi 龐安時 Pang weng 龐翁 → Pang Anshi 龐安時 Pang yuanying 龐元英 [3] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty, son of the prime minister Pang Ji 龐籍. A man of Cheng wu 成武 in Dan zhou 單州, now part of Shan dong 山東, jin shi 1055. He held various court offices and was the author of a Wen chang za lu 文 昌雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Wen chang.” He is also attributed the → Tan sou 談藪 , but this attribution is false. Pao ren 庖人, “Cook”  [5] General designation for a cook.  [3] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Responsible for providing the court with poultry, wild animals, and domestic animals, and being able to differentiate them by name. Pao zhi 炮炙 → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論 Pao zhi lun 炮炙論 → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論 Pei Hedong 裴河東 → Pei Yimin 裴逸民 Pei Min 裴旻 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general, fl. during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741). He was in charge of Bei ping 河北 commandery, now Lu long 盧龍 in He bei 河 北. He held high military posts, and his swordmanship was considered extraordinary. Legend has it that Pei once shot a giant spider with an arrow and took its web to use it as a medicinal to stop blood. The story is recorded in the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎, and LSZ takes it over in SE zhi zhu 蜘蛛.

347 Pei Xiu 裴秀 (224-271) [1] Western Jin 晉 high official. Style name Jiyan 季彥, a man of Wen xi 聞喜 in He dong 河東, now part of Shan xi 山西. During the reign of → Jin Wu di 晉 武帝 (r. 265-289), he rose to be Minister of Works (si kong 司空). He is remembered for his contribution to map drawing but was also well-versed in medicine. Once he modified the “pill with three substances for emergencies” (san wu bei ji wan 三物備急丸) to be used as a powder medication. LSZ cites this in SE da huang 大黃. Pei yimin 輩逸民 (died 294) This is Pei Wei 裴頠, a Jin 晉 dynasty official. Style name Yimin 逸民, a man of Wen xi 聞喜 in He dong 河東, now part of Shan xi 山西. He held a court office and had a reputation for learning in general and for his medical skills in particular. His deeds are recorded in the biography of Pei Xiu 裴秀 in the → Jin shu 晉書. The → ZLBC writes his name as Pei Yimin 輩逸民 [1], and LSZ follows this, while the → Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) writes the name as Pei Yimin 裴逸 民. LSZ also refers to Pei as Pei Hedong 裴河東 [1]. Pei yuan 裴淵 [10] Jin 晉 dynasty man, author of the → Guang zhou ji 廣州記. Further details are unavailable. Pei yuan wai 裴員外, “Supernumerary Pei” [1] Pre-Ming 明 official. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Pu ji fang 普 濟方 states that by promising fame and gain, he attempted to obtain a secret recipe from Lü Xihua 呂西華 (→ Lü Zihua 呂子華). LSZ cites this in SE mai fan shi 麥飯石. Pei zhi 沛志, “Gazetteer of Pei” [1] Local chronicle. Extant today are a jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567) Pei xian zhi 沛縣志, “Gazetteer of Pei County,” in 10 juan by Wang Zhixiu 王治修 and Ma Wei 馬偉, and a wan li 萬歷 reign period (1573-1620) Pei zhi by Luo Shixue 羅士學. LSZ only cites the alternative name tai jie 薹芥 from a Pei zhi in SE yun tai 蕓薹, so which text he is referring to is uncertain. Peng 朋 → Ji Peng 紀朋 Peng 彭 → Peng zu 彭祖 Peng Cheng 彭乘 [5] Northern Song 宋 official. A man of Gao an 高安 in Yun zhou 筠州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. He held a local appointment during the zhe he 至和 reign period (1054-1055). Further information unavailable. He was attributed the → Mo ke hui xi 墨客揮犀 and the → Xu mo ke hui xi 續墨客揮犀 by later authors. Peng cheng furen 彭城夫人, “Lady of Peng cheng” [1] Person of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. She is said to have been treated by → Hua Tuo 華佗 for scorpion’s sting. LSZ takes over this story.

348 Peng dabian 彭大辨 → Peng Dabian 彭大辯 Peng dabian 彭大辯 Southern Song 宋 official, occasionally written Peng Dabian 彭大辨. Served as magistrate of Qian tang 錢塘 and Lu zhou 廬州 (now He fei 合肥 in An hui 安徽) and as Judicial Intendant (zhi lu 知錄). The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選 方 repeatedly mentions his name in connection with pharmaceutical recipes, and LSZ cites material associated with him second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, referring to Peng as Peng Dabian 彭大辨 [1] and erroneously as Peng Daxiang 彭大祥 [1]. Peng daxiang 彭大祥 → Peng Dabian 彭大辯 Peng si kou 彭司寇, “Minister of Justice Peng” (1426-1491) [1] This is Peng Shao 彭韶, a Ming 明 dynasty high official. Style name Fengyi 鳳 儀, a man of Pu tian 莆田 in present-day Fu jian 福建. Jin shi 1457. He rose to the office of Minister of Justice (xing bu shang shu 刑部尚書, unofficial reference si kou 司寇) and was therefore also called Peng si kou 彭司寇. The Ming shi 明 史, “History of the Ming,” has his biography. Peng Shao and Tan Lun 談綸 (→ Tan Yeweng 談野翁) received their jin shi degrees in the same year. Hence, Tan’s → Shi yan fang 試驗方 records recipes transmitted by Peng Shao. LSZ mentions Peng in SE chang shan 常山. Peng Xing’an 彭幸庵 [1] This is the literary name of Peng Ze 彭澤, a Ming 明 dynasty high official. Style name Jiwu 濟物, a man of Lan zhou 蘭州 in present-day Gan su 甘肅, jin shi 1490. He held high posts at various ministries but died during the early jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1531). Peng Ze and Liu Tianhe 劉天和 (→ Liu Songshi 劉松石) served as officials together at the court, hence Liu’s → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方 includes his words. LSZ mentions Peng in SE huai 槐. Peng yi guan 彭醫官, “Medical Official Peng” [1] Person of early Ming 明 times or before. His personal name and details about his life are unavailable. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方, in a section on “recipes to treat fishbones stuck in the throat” (zhi gu geng fang 治骨鯁方) includes his method for wrapping the pulp of pounded Chinese sumac root (yan fu zi gen 鹽麩子 根) in a silk cloth to cure this condition. LSZ cites this in SE yan fu zi 鹽麩子. Peng yongguang 彭用光 [1] Ming 明 dynasty medical expert, fl. 16th century. A man of Lu ning 廬陵, now Ji an 吉安 in Jiang xi 江西. He is said to have travelled far and wide, acquiring a reputation for his medical abilities. Author of the → Ti ren hui bian 體仁彙編. Peng zu 彭祖, “ancestor Peng” Legendary Daoist immortal of the Xia 夏 dynasty, great-grandson of the mythical emperor Zhuan Xu 顓頊. Also known as Qian Keng 錢鏗 or Peng Keng 彭 鏗. He is said to have lived to the age of 167 (according to some sources even 800) and is thus celebrated for his longevity. The story is recorded in the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 and the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳. In medical works, Peng zu is associated with life cultivation techniques and recipes. The Ben cao jing ji

349 zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) attributes one recipe to the → Peng zu zhuan 彭祖傳, and the Rihua zi ben cao 日華子本草, “Materia Medica of Rihua zi,” (→ Rihua zhu jia ben cao 日華諸家本草) attributes one single ingredient recipe to him. LSZ makes him the author of a → Peng zu fu shi jing 彭祖服食經. LSZ refers to the immortal as Peng zu [6] and as Peng 彭 [2]. Peng zu fang 彭祖方, “recipe of ancestor Peng” [1] Recipe attributed to → Peng zu 彭祖 cited second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which refers the material to the → Peng zu zhuan 彭祖傳. Peng zu fu shi jing 彭祖服食經, “ancestor Peng’s Classic of Ingesting Essences” [2] Text on life cultivation. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC, size, and authorship uncertain. Attributed to the legendary → Peng zu 彭祖. Material attributed to the Peng zu fu shi jing by LSZ is woven together from fragments of a → Peng zu zhuan 彭祖傳 quoted in a number of early sources such as the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) and the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Peng zu zhuan 彭祖傳, “Biography of ancestor Peng” [1] Biography of the legendary immortal → Peng zu 彭祖. EE Ben cao jing ji zhu 本 草經集注 (→ MYBL). Author unknown. DC Liang 梁 dynasty or before. The Ben cao jing ji zhu and the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 quote recipes with deer and elk horn from this text, which LSZ takes over in his main text. He also refers material attributed to a Peng zu zhuan in these secondary sources to a → Peng zu fu shi jing 彭祖服食經. Pi wei lun 脾胃論, “discourse on Spleen and Stomach” [3] Book on internal medicine. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Li Gao 李杲. DC c. 1249. 3 juan. Similarly to the → Bian huo lun 辨惑論, the book focuses on differentiation between externally contracted diseases and internal damage, laying special emphasis on the function of spleen and stomach. The Pi wei lun survives, but LSZ quotes only one recipe from it. He cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, referring to the author by his literary name Dongyuan 東垣. Pi Xun 皮巡 Eastern Han 漢 imperial physician during the reign of → Han Ming di 漢明 帝 (r. 57-75). According to the → Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記, he once returned from a hunt and spent the night in the entrance to the palace where he developed a “cold-elevation-illness” (han shan 寒疝). Deng Xun 鄧訓 and others blew their breath on his back, and he was cured. In SE ren qi 人氣, LSZ gives the → Xu Han shu 續漢書 of → Xie Cheng 謝承 as his source for this story, and erroneously writes Pi Xun’s name Shi Xun 史循 [1].

350 Pi ya 埤雅, “Increased [Er] ya” Song 宋 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Lu Dian 陸佃. DC c. yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085). 20 juan. The book was intended as a supplement to the → Er ya 爾雅, thus the name. It is divided into 8 chapters on topics such as fish, beasts, birds, etc. Lu’s work was strongly influenced by the → Zi shuo 字説 of his teacher → Wang Anshi 王安石, it lays its emphasis on terminology and signification, while descriptions of character form are kept brief. The text quotes old books and investigates the origins of terms, but the sources of its information are not always clearly indicated and some of the interpretations appear rather strained. LSZ was much influenced by the book, citing it as Pi ya [44] or referring to the author’s name alone as Lu Dian [24] or Lu Nongshi 陸農師 [7]. Pi ya guang yi 埤雅廣義, “Extended Meanings in the Pi ya” [1] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No details available. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. A text of this title is not listed in any other bibliography, nor is it cited in any other book. Ping quan cao mu ji 平泉草木記, “record of Herbs and Trees from Ping quan” [1] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Ping quan shan ju cao mu ji 平泉山居草木記, “Record of Herbs and Trees Seen Dwelling at Mount Ping quan,” a Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Li Deyu 李德裕. 1 juan. The full title refers to Li’s villa outside Luo yang 洛陽. The text and preface is found in Li’s Hui chang yi pin ji bie ji 會昌一品集別集, “Separate Collection to the Collection of a Rank-One-Official of the Hui chang Reign Period.” LSZ lists the book by its abbreviation in his bibliography but does not quote from it in the main text. He does, however, cite a passage there second hand from another work by Li, the → Hua mu ji 花木記. Ping yaoqing 平堯卿 [1] Song 宋 dynasty medical expert. A man of Bian 汴, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南. Ping wrote a now lost 2 juan Shang han zheng lei yao lüe 傷寒證類 要略, “Verified and Categorized Essentials on Harm Caused by Cold,” which is said to have merely categorized the essentials of the teachings of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 without providing any further information. This work is confused by LSZ with the → Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要 of the Northern Song author Gao Ruone 高若訥, which he incorrectly attributes to Ping Yaoqing. Poluomen seng 婆羅門僧, “Brahman Monk” Tang 唐 dynasty Indian monk. In 713 he offered some recipes to the Tang emperor Ming huang 明皇 (→ Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗). These recipes are found scattered in the → Jin xiao fang 近效方 and the → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信 方, and the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要方 as well as the → TJBC cite them second hand. LSZ takes some material over from these sources, referring to the

351 recipes by the name Poluomen seng [5] and as Boluomen seng fang 波羅門僧方, “Recipe of a Brahman Monk,” [1]. Pu 普 → Wu Pu 吳普 Pu ji 普濟 → Pu ji fang 普濟方 Pu ji ben shi fang 普濟本事方 → Ben shi fang 本事方 Pu ji fang 普濟方, “recipes for universal Benefit” Medical recipe book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Compiled by → Zhou Dingwang 周定王 et al. DC 1406. 168 juan (According to LSZ 170 juan). LSZ erroneously assigns the book to Zhou Ding wang’s son → Zhou Xian wang 周憲王, a mistake that was corrected in later editions of the BCGM. The text includes 61.739 recipes, which makes it the greatest recipe collection in Chinese medical history. It draws from a multitude of sources, all clearly identified and including many texts that are now lost. LSZ quotes numerous earlier works second hand from this book, referring to it as Pu ji fang [501], as Pu ji 普濟, “Universal Benefit,” [115], and erroneously as → Pu ji miao fang 普濟妙方 [1], Shan ji fang 善濟方, “Recipes for Good Benefit,” [1], and Jing ji 經濟, “Governing and Benefiting,” [1]. Pu ji miao fang 普濟妙方, “Miraculous recipes for universal Benefit” [1] Erroneous designation for the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. The recipe LSZ cites from such a text in SE da dou 大豆 is taken from the Pu ji fang. Pu jiu fang 普救方, “recipes for universal relief ” This is apparently LSZ’s mistake for the → Shen yi pu jiu fang 神醫普救方. LSZ lists both titles in his bibliographical sections, thus giving the book a double entry. He does not cite any Pu jiu fang in the main text. Pu xu 譜序, “Preface to the Treatise” This is actually the postscript of the → Ju pu 菊譜  of → Fan Chengda 范成 大 (style name Zhineng 致能, erroneously called Fan Zhineng 范至能 in this context). The Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM omits the character ju 菊 in front of the character pu 譜.

-QQi 器 → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器 Qi 岐 → Qi Bo 岐伯 Qi 棄 → Hou Ji 后稷 Qi ai zhuan 蘄艾傳 → Ai ye zhuan 艾葉傳 Qi bing fang 奇病方 → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 Qi Bo 岐伯 Legendary medical expert of ancient times, allegedly a courtier of → Huang di 黃帝 , the Yellow Thearch. He appears in the Huang di nei jing 黃帝內經, “In-

352 ner Classic of the Yellow Thearch,” (→ Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, → Ling shu jing 靈樞經), responding to questions raised by the Yellow Thearch concerning numerous issues of medicine. LSZ refers to him as Qi Bo [74] and as Qi 岐 [5]. When referring to Qi Bo by his full name, 20 times he is referring to the Huang di su wen (these quotations usually involve theoretical reflections on medicine) and only once to the Ling shu jing. Mostly, however, in connection with the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草, he is referring to material on pharmaceutical substances from the pre-Han → Qi bo jing 岐伯經, which he cites third hand from other sources. Qi Bo jing 岐伯經, “Classic of Qi Bo” Book cited by the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草. Attributed to the legendary → Qi Bo 岐伯. DC Han 漢 or Pre-Han. LSZ cites the work in his main text as Qi Bo jing [1] or simply as Qi Bo [52] from fragments of the Wu Pu ben cao in later texts. Qi da fu 齊大夫, “Grand Master of Qi” [1] This is the Qi zhong da fu 齊中大夫, “Ordinary Grand Master of Qi,” an official under the king of Qi 齊 during early Western Han 漢. Personal name unknown. According to the → Shi ji 史記, → Chunyu Yi 淳於意 used a decoction with ku shen 苦參 to cure his tooth decay. LSZ cites this in SE ku shen 苦參. Qi dezhi 齊德之 [2] Yuan 元 dynasty specialist in external medicine. He was a medical erudite during the zhi yuan 至元 reign period (1335-1340) and held a post as imperial physician for external medicine at court. Further details about his life are unavailable. Author of the → Wai ke jing yi 外科精義. Qi di ji 齊地記, “Geographical records of Qi” Jin 晉 dynasty book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN Qi ji 齊記, “Records of Qi.” Written by → Fu Chen 伏琛. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, the Tai ping yu lan, and other books. LSZ, incorrectly calling the author Fu Shen 伏深, lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites it second hand as Qi di ji [2] and Qi di zhi 齊地志, “Local Gazetteer of Qi,” [1] in the main text. Qi di zhi 齊地志 → Qi di ji 齊地記 Qi dong ye yu 齊東野語, “rustic Conversations from East of Qi” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Zhou Mi 周密. 20 juan. The name of the book refers to the author’s ancestors from Ji nan 濟南 in present-day Shan dong 山東 (the ancient state of Qi 齊). Zhou Mi’s intention was to show that he had not forgotten his origins. The book contains many stories and anecdotes of the time as well as information about local customs and products. LSZ cites the book as Qi dong ye yu [11] and as Ye yu 野語, “Rustic Conversations,” [1].

353 Qi fa 七發, “The Seven Enticements” [1] Western Han 漢 fu 賦. Written by → Mei Sheng 枚乘. This is an allegorical poem referring to seven things encountered in life: music, beverages and food, vehicles and horses, excursions to scenic places, hunting, a view of the tidal bore of the Qu 曲 river, and discussing the Dao. It includes the names of a multitude of things. LSZ cites the alternative name an hu 安胡 for gu mi 菰米 from it. Qi Hang 齊杭 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756). Served as Executive Assistant (gei shi 給事). He is said to have been transmitted a recipe by the eminent monk → Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 and gained strength by ingesting it. LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方 in SE xian mao 仙茅. Qi heshang 齊和尚, “Monk Qi” [1] Northern Song 宋 monk. Personal name unknown. The → Zhou ji 粥記 of → Zhang Lei 張耒 records his advice on the beneficial effects of consuming rice congee for breakfast. LSZ cites this in SE zhou 粥. Qi hou 齊侯, “The Marquis of Qi”  [1] The Spring and Autumn period Duke Huan 桓 of Qi 齊, r. 681-643 BCE. The → Shi ji 史記 contains a story about → Bian Que 扁鵲  calling on the ailing Duke Huan, which LSZ takes over.  [1] The Late Spring and Autumn period Marquis Dechen 得臣 of Qi 齊. His younger sister was the female poet → Zhuang Jiang 莊姜, who married the Marquis of Wei 衞. Qi ji fang 奇疾方, “recipes for unusual Illnesses” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解 題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Zhi qi ji fang 治奇疾方, “Recipes for the Treatment of Unusual Illnesses.” Written by → Xia Ziyi 夏子益. DC uncertain. 1 juan. The text discusses 38 unusual disease signs and their appropriate treatments. Although the original book is lost, its entire content is quoted in the → Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適用方, the Ji feng pu ji fang 雞峰普濟方, “Recipes from Ji feng for Universal Benefit,” and other books. LSZ quotes the work as Qi ji fang [27], as Qi bing fang 奇病方, “Recipes for Unusual Diseases,” [1], as Guai zheng qi ji fang 怪證奇疾方, “Recipes for Strange Disease Signs and Unusual Illnesses,” [1], as Xia shi qi ji fang 夏氏奇 疾方, “Mr. Xia’s Recipes for Unusual Illnesses,” [2], as Xia Ziyi fang 夏子益方, “Recipes of Xia Ziyi.” [1], and as Xia Ziyi qi fang 夏子益奇方, “Unusual Recipes of Xia Ziyi,” [1]. The latter reference in SE bu gu zhi 補骨脂 is to a recipe identical with one cited in SE jiu 韭. There, LSZ refers the material to a → Jing yan fang 經驗方 quoted second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. In addition, LSZ refers to a → Guai bing qi fang 怪病奇方 [3] by Xia Ziyi. In this case, he must be referring to the Qi ji fang too, and not to the → Guai zheng qi fang 怪 證奇方 of → Li Lou 李樓.

354 Qi ju za ji 起居雜記, “Miscellaneous Notes on daily Life” [2] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No details available. A text of this title is not listed in any other bibliography, nor is it cited in any other book. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites one fragment in the main text. Judging by the material, the book focuses on things that one should pay attention to in daily life. Where LSZ got the quotation from remains to be verified. Qi lu 七錄, “Seven records” [1] Liang 梁 dynasty bibliography. Written by Ruan Xiaoxu 阮孝緒 (479-536). The book recorded 6288 texts (comprising 44.256 juan altogether), dividing them into seven categories: classics, histories, philosophers and military texts, literary collections, arts, Buddhist doctrine, and immortals and Daoism. 55 chapters. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in the Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍 志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” LSZ mentions the name in the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 entry in his bibliographical sections. Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, “Essential arts of the Common People” Northern Wei 魏 book on agriculture. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Jia Sixie 賈思勰. DC 533-544. 10 juan, 92 chapters. This is the earliest book on agriculture to survive in its entirety. LSZ cites the book as Qi min yao shu [21], as Jia Sixie yao shu 賈思勰要術, “Essential Arts of Jia Sixie,” or simply using the author’s name, Jia Sixie [2]. Qi ming 七命, “Seven Mandates” [2] Western Jin 晉 fu 賦. Written by → Zhang Xie 張協. The poem is preserved in the → Wen xuan 文選, the → Jin shu 晉書, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites it in SE yang 羊 without indicating his source, Qi Ming di 齊明帝 (452-498) This is Xiao Luan 蕭鸞, emperor of the Southern Qi 齊 dynasty, r. 494-498. Style name Jingqi 景棲, a man of Nan lan ling 南蘭陵 in the northwest of present-day Chang zhou 常州 in Jiang su 江蘇. In his later years, he secretly believed in Daoist arts. The → Nan Qi shu 南齊書 records a story about a serious illness of his during which he tried to obtain a white fish for treatment. LSZ refers to him as Qi Ming di [1] and as Ming di 明帝 [1]. Qi qi 七啟 → Cao Zijian ji 曹子建集 Qi ren Cao shi 齊人曹氏, “Mr. Cao, a Man of Qi” [1] Legendary person. According to the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼 and various other ancient sources, the qi cao 蠐螬 insect is said to be the result of a transformation of his. LSZ refutes this explanation as false. Qi shu 齊書 → Nan Qi shu 南齊書 Qi wang hou 齊王后, “The Queen of Qi” [1] Legendary figure. The → Gu jin zhu 古今注  of → Cui Bao 崔豹 claims that cicadae (chan 蟬) are also called Qi nü 齊女, “Lady of Qi,” because the Queen of Qi turned into a cicada after getting angry and dying. LSZ rejects this story as

355 false, stating that the name Qi nü goes back to a saying about the beauty of → Zhuang Jiang 莊姜. Qi wei ji 啟微集 → Yuan ji qi wei ji 原機啟微集 Qi Wu di 齊武帝 (440-493) [1] This is Xiao Ze 蕭賾, emperor of the Southern Qi 齊 dynasty, r. 483-493. LSZ refers to the time of his reign in SE gui 桂. Qi xiao 奇效 → Qi xiao liang fang 奇效良方 Qi xiao fang 奇效方 → Qi xiao liang fang 奇效良方 Qi xiao liang fang 奇效良方, “unusually Efficacious and Good recipes“ Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Originally compiled by Dong Su 董宿, revised and supplemented by → Fang Xian 方賢. DC c. 1449. 69 juan. The text contains more than 7000 recipes organized by disease. LSZ cites the work as Qi xiao liang fang [24], as Qi xiao fang 奇效方, “Unusually Efficacious Recipes,” [24], and as Qi xiao 奇效, “Unusually Efficacious,” [5]. Qi xie ji 齊諧記, “records of Qi xie” Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty book of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小 説), erroneously referred to as Qi xie zhi 齊諧志, “Records of Qi xie,” [1] by LSZ. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Dongyang Wuyi 東陽無疑. 7 juan. The title is a reference to the term qi xie 齊諧 in the → Zhuang zi 莊子 , which is used in the sense of supernatural (zhi guai 志怪). This was later interpreted as either the first book or narrator of such stories. The original text is lost, but fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Wu lei xiang gan zhi 物類相感志, the → Yi shuo 醫説, and other books. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliography but cites it incorrectly as Qi xie zhi of → Xue Yongruo 薛用弱 in the main text, although the material he quotes is actually from the Qi xie ji of Dongyang Wuyi. Qi xie zhi 齊諧志 → Qi xie ji 齊諧記 Qia wen ji 洽聞記, “records of Wide Knowledge” Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Zheng Sui 鄭遂 (AV Zheng Chang 鄭常). 1 juan (AV 2 juan, 3 juan). The book records 156 old and new strange and miraculous events, but because many of these are closely associated with local areas, it also can be regarded as a geographical encyclopedia. The book was still extant in Ming 明 times, and later writers quote it frequently. LSZ cites the Qia wen ji [2] second hand from the → TJBC in the main text of the BCGM, but the title does not appear in his bibliographical sections. He does, however, list a Zhi wen shuo 治聞説, “Tales Arranging Things Heard,” [1] without citing it again in the main text. No book of that name is mentioned anywhere else, and since the characters qia 洽 and zhi 治 look rather similar, it seems probable that Zhi wen shuo is an erroneous writing for Qia wen ji.

356 Qian fang 鈐方 → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方 Qian jia xing 千家姓, “Surnames of the Thousand Families” [1] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Wu Chen 吳沉. DC 1381. 1 juan. The text recorded 1968 surnames, it was printed and circulated widely. LSZ uses it to investigate the name of → Rihua zi 日華子. Qian jiang fang 灊江方 → Qian jiang qie yao 灊江切要 Qian jiang qie yao 灊江切要, “Things of Vital Importance from the Qian river” Medical book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unknown Zhang shi 張氏, “Mr. Zhang,” further details unavailable. LSZ lists the work as Qian jiang qie yao [1] in his bibliographical sections and refers to a Qian jiang fang 灊江 方, “Recipes from the Qian River,” [2], probably the same book, in the main text. Qian Jicheng 錢季誠 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. LSZ cites his recipe with crane lice (he shi 鶴虱) to end toothache in SE tian ming jing 天名精. Qian jin 千金 → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方 Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, “Emergency recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold” Comprehensive book on medicine. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), biography of → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. AN there Qian jin fang 千金方, “Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold,” also Qian jin yao fang 千金要方, “Essential Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold,” Bei ji qian jin yao fang 備急千金要方, “Essential Recipes for Emergencies, Worth a Thousand in Gold.” Written by Sun Simiao (581-682?). DC 652. 30 juan. The book is a compendium of Tang 唐 and pre-Tang medical knowledge and offers substantial information. Of its volumes, juan 26, the Shi zhi 食治, “Dietary Treatment,” is cited separately by LSZ as → Qian jin shi zhi 千金食治. In the other cases LSZ refers to the work more generally as Qian jin bei ji fang [2], Qian jin fang [649], Qian jin 千金, “A Thousand in Gold,” [298], as Qian jin liang fang 千金良方, “Good Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold,” [1], or as Bei ji 備急, “For Emergencies,” [1]. LSZ also quotes the Qian jin bei ji fang second hand from the → ZLBC, generally referring to some form of Sun Simiao’s name, i.e., Simiao 思邈 [142], Sun Simiao [30], or Sun zhenren 孫真人,“Sun the Perfected One,” [14]. In addition, there are 13 general references to a → Bei ji fang 備急方, but this designation might refer to other books as well. Qian jin fang 千金方 → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方 Qian jin jia cang fang 千金家藏方 → Fu ren qian jin jia cang fang 婦人千金家藏方 Qian jin liang fang 千金良方 → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方 Qian jin shi xing 千金食性 → Qian jin shi zhi 千金食治 Qian jin shi zhi 千金食治, “dietary Treatments Worth a Thousand in Gold“ Text on dietary therapy. See bibliography of the BCGM. This is not a separate book but juan 30 of the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, which consists of a chapter called Shi zhi 食治, “Dietary Treatments.” Written by → Sun Simiao

357 孫思邈. DC c. 652. LSZ regarded the chapter as a compendium of earlier discourses on replenishing treatments and of information on foodstuffs mentioned in ben cao literature. In the text, foodstuffs are divided into categories like grains, fruits, vegetables, birds and beasts, etc. Each entry contains information on their respective therapeutical qualities. LSZ lists the text as a separate work in his bibliographical sections, citing it as Qian jin shi zhi [4] and occasionally also as Shi zhi [1], Qian jin shi xing 千金食性, “Food Properties Worth a Thousand in Gold,” [1], or referring to the author as Sun 孫 [2]. Qian jin sui 千金髓 → Qian jin sui fang 千金髓方 Qian jin sui fang 千金髓方, “Quintessential recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold” Lost medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Attributed to → Sun Simiao 孫思邈, but this is questionable. AN Qian jin sui 千金髓. “Quintessentials Worth a Thousand in Gold.” DC probably late Tang 唐. Size uncertain. The → ZLBC cites four fragments, which are taken over by LSZ. The Song 宋 scholar → Lin Yi 林億 states that since the work was not quoted by the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, it was most likely composed by various authors after the Wai tai mi yao’s appearance. LSZ refers to the work as Qian jin sui fang [1] and as Qian jin sui [4]. Qian jin yi 千金翼 → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方 Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方, “Supplemental recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold” Comprehensive book on medicine. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. AN Qian jin yi 千金翼, “Supplement Worth a Thousand in Gold.” DC c. 682. 30 juan. The book was intended to supplement the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, thus its name. The original text is lost, but extensive fragments are quoted by the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the work as Qian jin yi fang [8], as Qian jin yi [71], or by reference to Sun Simiao. Qian jin yue ling 千金月令 → Qian jin yue ling fang 千金月令方 Qian jin yue ling fang 千金月令方, “recipes and Monthly Ordinances Worth a Thousand in Gold” Lost medical book. FE Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). AN there Sun shi qian jin yue ling 孫氏千金月令, “ Mr. Sun’s Monthly Ordinances Worth a Thousand in Gold,” Qian jin yue ling 千金月令, “Monthly Ordinances Worth a Thousand in Gold.” Written by → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. DC probably early Tang 唐. 3 juan. The book primarily consists of seasonal instructions but also includes some medical recipes. The → ZLBC quotes five fragments, and LSZ takes these over, citing the work as Qian jin yue ling fang [4] and Qian jin yue ling [2]. Qian kun mi yun 乾坤秘韞, “Secrets Concealed in Heaven and Earth” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “The Hundred Streams Bibliography.” AN there Qian kun sheng yi mi yun 乾坤生 意秘韞, “Concealed Secrets of Vitality in Heaven and Earth.” Written by Zhu

358 Quan 朱權 (→ Ning Xian wang 寧獻王, literary name Quxian 臞仙). DC early 15th century. 1 juan. LSZ cites the text as Qian kun mi yun [32], as Mi yun 秘韞, “Concealed Secrets,” [5], and as Mi yun fang 秘韞方, “Secret Concealed Recipes,” [2]. Note that some modern catalogues regard this book and the → Qian kun sheng yi 乾坤生意 as one and the same text, but this is implausible. Qian kun sheng yi 乾坤生意, “Vitality in Heaven and Earth” [30] Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Zhu Quan 朱 權 (→ Ning Xian wang 寧獻王, literary name Quxian 臞仙). DC 1406. 4 juan (AV 3 juan). The text details the doctrine of the “five periods and six qi” (wu yun liu qi 五運六氣), followed by an outline of drug application and a list of recipes. Qian Liang lu 前涼錄 → Shi liu guo chun qiu 十六國春秋 Qian Liu 錢鏐 (852-932) Five Dynasties ruler of the state of Wu yue 吳越, also called Wu yue wang 吳越 王, “King of Wu yue.” Style name Jumei 具美 (AV Jumei 巨美), a man of Lin an 臨安, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. LSZ refers to him as Wu yue wang [1] and Qian Liu [1] in SE an shi liu 安石榴. Qian ning ji 乾寧記, “records of Qian ning” [4] Lost book on pharmaceutical processing. EE → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙 論. The Song 宋 dynasty Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study,” refers the Lei gong pao zhi lun to → Lei Xiao 雷 斅 of Liu Song 劉宋 and claims that much of its contents were based on material by the → Qian ning Yan xiansheng 乾寧晏先生. The Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” lists a person called Yan Feng 晏封 as the author of the → Zhi fu cao shi lun 制伏草 石論, equating that name with the Qian ning Yan xiansheng, therefore we may assume that the Qian ning ji was a work of that author as well. Fragments of the text are preserved in the Lei gong pao zhi lun and the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 LSZ does not list the text in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in the main text of the BCGM. Qian ning xiansheng 乾寧先生 → Qian ning Yan xiansheng 乾寧晏先生 Qian ning yan xiansheng 乾寧晏先生, “Gentleman yan of Qian ning” Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty person. The Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” equates the Qian ning Yan xiansheng with a person called Yan Feng 晏封, author of the → Zhi fu cao shi lun 制伏草石論. LSZ states that Yanfeng 晏封 was only the given name of the Gentleman, and this concurs with other late imperial sources calling the Zhi fu cao shi lun’s author Guo Yanfeng 郭晏封. According to the Jun zhai du shu zhi hou zhi 郡齋讀書志後志, “Supplementary Treatise to the Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study,” material going back to Qian ning Yan xiansheng was a major source of the → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論. LSZ refers to this person as Qian ning Yan xiansheng [1], as Qian ning xiansheng 乾寧先生, “Gentleman of Qian ning,” [1], and as Yan Feng [1].

359 Qian Pi 錢丕 [1] Early Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Jianzhi 簡之, a man of Qian tang 錢 塘, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Served as a vice minister (shao qing 少卿). According to the → Lei bian 類編, he resorted to chen sha 辰砂 to cure his frequent dreaming. LSZ cites this in SE zhu sha 朱砂. Qian Qi 錢起 (c. 720-782) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Zhongwen 仲文, a man of Wu xing 吳興, now Hu zhou 湖州 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi during the tian bao 天寶 reign period (742-756). He held the office of Court Gentleman for Personnel Evaluation (kao gong lang zhong 考功郎中) and was famous for his five characters poetry. His works are collected in the Qian kao gong ji 錢考功集, “Collection of Personnel Evaluator Qian,” (→ Qian Qi shi ji 錢起詩集). Qian Qi shi ji 錢起詩集, “Poetry Collection of Qian Qi” [2] This is LSZ’s name for the Qian kao gong ji 錢考功集, “Collection of Personnel Evaluator Qian,” the literary collection of the Tang 唐 poet → Qian Qi 錢起. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN originally Qian Qi shi 錢起詩, “Poetry of Qian Qi,” current edition Qian Zhongwen ji 錢仲文集, “Collection of Qian Zhongwen.” 1 juan (AV 2 juan, 10 juan). LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Qian shen lun 錢神論, “discourse on the Money God” Section of a book.  [2] FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Lu Bao 魯褒. DC Western Jin 晉. 1 juan. The author wrote his book in response to the deterioration of public morals after the yuan kang 元康 reign period (291-299). He criticises the power of money and the worship and deification of wealth. The → Jin shu 晉書 quotes the work, and the entire text is preserved in the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚. LSZ cites the text second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text.  [2] EE → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, juan 836. Referred there to a → Qimu shi 綦母氏. The purpose of the text is the same as of the → Qian shen lun 錢神 論  of Lu Bao. The book is not found in any of the standard bibliographies, but the Tai ping yu lan cites some fragments. LSZ cites the work second hand from the Tai ping yu lan, referring it once to Qimu shi and once simply to Qimu 綦母. Since the content quoted differs from the Lu Bao text, this is certainly a separate work. Qian shi 錢氏, “Mr. Qian”  [22] In nearly all cases this is → Qian Yi 錢乙, author of the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒藥證直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” (→ Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣).  [1] In connection with the → Qie zhong fang 篋中方 , this is → Qian xiang gong 錢相公.

360 Qian shi bu yi 錢氏補遺, “Supplement to [the Work of ] Mr. Qian” [1] Lost pediatric text. EE → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草. Written by → Wang Haogu 王好古. DC 13th century. 1 juan. The title implies that the text was intended as a supplement to the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒藥證直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” (→ Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣) of → Qian Yi 錢乙. LSZ refers to the work in connection with a passage from the Tang ye ben cao. Qian shi fang 錢氏方 → Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣 Qian shi xiao er fang 錢氏小兒方 → Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣 Qian xiang gong 錢相公, “Minister duke Qian” This is Qian Weiyan 錢惟演 (962-1034), a Song 宋 dynasty high official. Style name Xisheng 希聖, posthumous name Wenxi 文僖, a man of Lin an 臨安, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He was the son of Qian Chu 錢俶 (r. 947978), king of Wu yue 吳越, and has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史. Qian Weiyan was a literatus and held high offices in the Song government, rising to the post of Minister of Public Works (gong bu shang shu 工部尚書). He took part in the compilation of the → Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜, and the → Qie zhong fang 篋中方  cited in the → ZLBC was apparently also written by him. LSZ refers to Qian as Qian xiang gong [6] and Qian shi 錢氏, “Mr. Qian,” [1]. Qian xiang zhan 乾象占, “divination of Celestial Phenomena” [2] Lost book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Authorship and size uncertain. DC probably Song 宋. The text deals primarily with weather prognostication. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text without naming an author, and the source of his material remains unclear. Qian yi 錢乙 (c. 1032-1113) Northern Song pediatrician. Style name Zhongyang 仲陽. Originally from Qian tang 錢塘, now Hang zhou 杭州, his family moved north to Yun 鄆, now Dong ping 東平 in Shan dong 山東. He studied medicine with his uncle and specialized in pediatrics, acquiring a reputation in Shan dong. He received a medical appointment at the Han lin 翰林 Academy during the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085) after treating the eldest princess successfully. The following year he was promoted to the post of Aide to the Imperial Physician (tai yi cheng 太 醫丞) after similar success in treating a prince. His pediatric recipes and essays were spread and transmitted among his good friends and relations, and after his death the surviving material was collected and edited by → Yan Xiaozhong 閻孝 忠, son of a friend of Qian Yi, to create the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒藥證直 訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” (→ Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣). There are two versions of his biography (→ Qian Yi zhuan 錢乙傳), one attached to the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue and one in the → Song shi 宋史. LSZ refers to Qian as Qian Yi [37], as Yi 乙 [2], as Qian Zhongyang 錢仲陽 [8], and as Qian shi 錢氏, “Mr. Qian,” [22].

361 Qian Yi fang 錢乙方 → Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣 Qian Yi zhuan 錢乙傳, “Biography of Qian yi” Two versions of the biography of → Qian Yi 錢乙. Both contain some of his medical cases.

 [2] Biography called Qian Zhongyang zhuan 錢仲陽傳, “Biography of Qian Zhongyang,” that is attached to the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒藥證直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” (→ Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣). Written by → Liu Qi 劉跂. This is the more extensive version of Qian’s biography. LSZ refers to it as Qian Yi zhuan.

 [1] Biography called Qian Yi zhuan in the → Song shi 宋史. Qian Zhongyang 錢仲陽 → Qian Yi 錢乙 Qianxi ji 潛溪集, “Collection of [Song] Qianxi” This is the Qianxi wen ji 潛溪文集, “Literary Collection of [Song] Qianxi,” a literary collection by → Song Lian 宋濂. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Wenxian ji 文憲集, “Collection of [Song] Wenxian.” DC late Yuan 元. 30 juan (AV 32 juan). The book is a collection of Song Lian’s various writings. LSZ cites the work as Qianxi ji [1] in his bibliographical sections, and in the main text refers to the text as Song Qianxi wen ji 宋潛溪文集, “Literary Collection of Song Qianxi,” [1] or simply as Song Lian [2]. However, material on canine kidney stones and gall bladder stones (gou bao 狗寳 and pi shi 癖石) quoted as from the → Cheng shi yi shu 程 氏遺書 is actually from the Qianxi wen ji. Qiao gong 喬公, “Honorable Mr. Qiao” [4] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. Served as Rectifier of Omissions of the Left (zuo bu que 左補闕). In 686, → Chen Zi’ang 陳子昂 accompanied him on a punitive expedition to the North. Qiao mu xian tan 樵牧閑談, “Idle Talk of Countrypeople” [1] Name of a book. EE BCGM, which cites a story about a “Mirror for No Illness” (wu ji jing 無疾鏡) said to have taken place during the reign of the Five Dynasties emperor → Meng Chang 孟昶 (r. 934-964). No author given. The book is not listed in any bibliography or book catalogue but is only quoted in the main text of the BCGM and in the contemporaneous Shan tang si kao 山堂肆考, “Extended Investigations of the Mountain Hall.” A “Mirror for No Illness” is also mentioned in the Zun sheng ba jian 遵生八箋, “Eight Commentaries Honoring Life,” (printed 1591). Possibly a book called Qiao mu xian tan existed during the wan li 萬歷 reign period (1573-1620). The title appears rather similar to the Five Dynasties or early Song 宋 → Mu shu xian tan 牧豎閑談, but whether this is one and the same book remains to be verified. Qiao Zhou 譙周 (c. 210 to 270) [1] High official of Shu 蜀 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Yunnan 允南, a man of Xi chong 西充 in Ba xi 巴西, now in the southwest of Lang zhong 閬中 in Si chuan 四川. Qiao was a Confucian scholar and held various

362 court offices in Shu and a military rank under the Jin 晉. He was the author of a Gu shi kao 古史考, “Investigation of Ancient History,” and other works, now lost. LSZ quotes his → Ba Shu yi wu zhi 巴蜀異物志. Qie lan ji 伽藍記 → Luo yang qie lan ji 洛陽伽藍記 Qie yun 切韻, “Cut rhymes” [3] Sui 隋 dynasty dictionary, arranged in rhymes. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書 經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by Lu Fayan 陸法言, a man of Lin zhang 臨漳 in present-day He bei 河北. DC 601. 5 juan. Later authors added to and revised the book to produce the → Tang yun 唐韻 and → Guang yun 廣韻. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in his main text. Qie zhong 篋中 → Qie zhong fang 篋中方  Qie zhong fang 篋中方, “recipes in the Box” Name of two different medical recipe books.  [13] FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Attributed to a Xu Xiaozong 許孝宗, but this is likely an error for → Xu Xiaochong 許孝崇. DC 7th century. 3 juan. The original work is lost, but fragments are quoted in the → TJBC, which does not name an author. The → ZLBC does not cite the book at all. LSZ cites the work second hand, referring it to Xu Xiaozong.

 See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN there Qian shi qie zhong fang 錢氏 篋中方, “Mr. Qian’s Recipes in the Case.” 1 juan. The Mr. Qian in question is most probably Qian Weiyan 錢惟演 (→ Qian xiang gong 錢相公), in this case the book dates to the early 11th century. The original text is lost, but the ZLBC quotes nine fragments, attributing them to Qian xiang gong. LSZ takes these over, citing the work as Qie zhong fang [7] and labeling this title Qian xiang gong or Qian shi 錢氏, “Mr. Qian.” He also refers to the text simply as Qie zhong 篋 中, “In the Box,” [1]. Qie zhong mi bao fang 篋中秘寶方, “Secret and Precious recipes in the Box” [3] Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Authorship and size uncertain. DC Song 宋. The ZLBC does not cite this book in its main text, and the modern Song yi qian yi ji kao 宋以前醫籍考, “Investigation of Medical Books of the Song Period and Earlier,” suggests that the reference may be a double entry for the Qian shi qie zhong fang 錢氏篋中方, “Mr. Qian’s Recipes in the Box,” (→ Qie zhong fang 篋中方 ). LSZ cites a Qie zhong mi bao fang in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but the material quoted is from an uncertain source and definitely not from the Qian shi qie zhong fang fragments in the ZLBC. Qimu 綦母 → Qimu shi 綦母氏 Qimu shi 綦母氏, “Mr. Qimu” Jin 晉 dynasty person. Author of a → Qian shen lun 錢神論  referred to in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records

363 of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) calls him Qi Mumin 綦母民, but since Qimu 綦母 is a double surname, that designation is probably incorrect. LSZ refers to him as Qimu shi [1] and as Qimu [1]. Qin cao 琴操, “Holding the Qin” [1]. Eastern Han 漢 book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Written by → Cai Yong 蔡邕. DC and size uncertain. The original text is lost, but numerous fragments are preserved in the Tai ping yu lan, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and other texts. The origin of the passage LSZ cites in SE nü zhen 女 貞 remains unclear. Qin Chengzu 秦承祖 (5th century) [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty physician. Qin was praised for his benevolence and medical skills, and the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) notes that he was able to cure eight or nine patients out of ten. He was made imperial physician and in 433 presented a memorial about his medical knowledge to the emperor. He wrote several books on medicine, namely the → Qin Chengzu fang 秦承祖藥方, the Qin Chengzu ben cao 秦承祖本草, “Materia Medica of Qin Chengzu,” a Mai jing 脈經, “Classic of [Movements in] the Vessels,” a Ming tang tu 明堂圖, “Illustrations from the Hall of Brilliance,” and other books on acumoxa therapy. All are now lost. Qin Chengzu fang 秦承祖方, “recipes of Qin Chengzu” [1] Lost medical recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Qin Chengzu 秦承祖. DC early 5th century. 40 juan. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Qin chong shu 禽蟲述, “descriptions of Birds and Worms/Bugs” [4] Ming 明 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM, also listed in the Qing 清 era Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Bibliography of the Thousand Acre Hall,” and other bibliographies. Written by → Yuan Da 袁達. DC 1st half of the 16th century. 1 juan. The book records and explains the names of birds and worms/bugs and contains many quotations from earlier works. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Qin deli 秦德立 [1] Song 宋 dynasty physician. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Yi shuo 醫説, he was able to cure “lice tumors” (shi liu 虱瘤). In SE ren shi 人虱, LSZ cites a story about him curing one → Li Sheng 李生 from such a tumor but erroneously names the → Ji shen lu 稽神錄 of → Xu Xuan 徐鉉 as his source. Qin feng 秦風 → Shi jing 詩經 Qin Gao 琴髙 [2] Legendary Daoist immortal from the state of Zhao 趙 during the Warring States period. He was famed for his ability to play drums and the qin 琴. After 200 years he is said to have entered a stream, seized a dragon and escaped on a red carp. In the → Xiang bei jing 相貝經 he is reported as riding a fish across the

seas and rivers to study aquatic products. → Zhu Zhong 朱仲 and others are said to have been his disciples. Qin gong 秦公 → Qin Guan 秦觀 Qin Guan 秦觀 (1049-1100) [1] Northern Song 宋 poet. Style name Shaoyou 少游, literary name Huaihai jushi 淮海居士, “Recluse of Huai hai.” A man of Gao you 高郵 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. He held some literary posts at court and wrote many poems. Extant today is his Huai hai ji 淮海集, “Collection of [Mr.] Huaihai,” and other texts. LSZ cites a letter of his in SE huang lian 黃連, the → Yu Qiao Xi sheng lun huang lian shu 與喬希聖論黃連書, referring to Qin as Qin Guan [1] and Qin gong 秦 公, “Honorable Mr. Qin,” [1]. Qin huang 秦皇 → Qin shi huang 秦始皇 Qin ji 秦記 → Qin zhou ji 秦州記 Qin jing 禽經, “Bird Classic” Book cited in the → Pi ya 埤雅. Attributed to → Shi Kuang 師曠 and, according to the Southern Song 宋 → Bai chuan xue hai 百川學海, annotated by → Zhang Hua 張華 of Western Jin 晉. The Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” however, states that both attributions are false and that the Qin jing was forged on the basis of material in the Northern Song → Zi shuo 字説. Unaware of this, LSZ refers the work to Shi Kuang and its annotations to Zhang Hua. He cites it as Qin jing [49], referring to Zhang’s supposed annotations as Zhang Hua zhu Qin jing 張華注禽 經, “Bird Classic, Annotated by Zhang Hua,” as Zhang Hua Qin jing zhu 張華 禽經注, “Annotations to the Bird Classic by Zhang Hua,” [1], and as Zhang Hua zhu 張華注, “Zhang Hua’s Annotations.” [2]. He also uses the supposed author’s name, Shi Kuang [5], to stand for the book. Qin Minghe 秦鳴鶴 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty physician, an expert in acumoxa therapy. He once treated → Tang Gao zong 唐高宗 by piercing and bloodletting to cure the emperor’s “wind dizziness with a heavy head” (feng xuan tou zhong 風眩頭重). A recipe of one Qin yi 秦醫, “Doctor Qin,” is recorded in the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草, and LSZ takes this over in SE bing lang 檳榔, associating the recipe with the Tai yi Qin Minghe 太醫秦鳴鶴, “Imperial Physician Qin Minghe.” Qin Mu gong 秦穆公, “duke Mu of Qin” (died 621 BCE) [3] Spring and Autumn period ruler of the state of Qin 秦, r. 650-621. LSZ refers to events of his time and mentions a → Qin Mu gong zhuan 秦穆公傳 in his bibliography. Qin Mu gong zhuan 秦穆公傳, “Biography of duke Mu of Qin” [1] Text listed in the bibliographical sections of the → ZLBC. The story quoted in the ZLBC is found in the annals of the state of Qin 秦 in the → Shi ji 史記, but no biography is titled Qin Mu gong zhuan there. LSZ simply takes over the error of his source, listing a Qin Mu gong zhuan in his bibliographical sections and

365 citing the same story as the ZLBC in his main text about events that took place at the time of → Qin Mu gong 秦穆公. Qin shi huang 秦始皇 (259-210 BCE) This is Qin shi huang di 秦始皇帝, ruler of the state of Qin 秦 and the Qin dynasty, r. 246-210 BCE. LSZ refers to him in connection with events of his time as Qin shi huang [2], as Qin huang 秦皇 [2], → Qin wang 秦王 [1], and as Shi huang 始皇 [2]. Qin shu 禽書 → Yan qin shu 演禽書 Qin wang 秦王, “King of Qin”  [1] This is Qin shi huang di 秦始皇帝 (→ Qin shi huang 秦始皇). Once when the King of Qin 秦 travelled eastward, he discarded a bag of calculation devices into the sea where it transformed to a cuttle fish. LSZ cites this in SE wu zei yu 烏賊魚.

 [1] This is Ying Ziying 嬴子嬰, emperor at the end of the Qin 秦 dynasty, r. 206. The legend of the “hair girl” (mao nü 毛女) originated during his time. LSZ mentions him in SE bai 柏. Qin xian fu 秦憲副 → Qin yun fu 秦運副 Qin yue ren 秦越人 → Bian Que 扁鵲  Qin yun fu 秦運副, “Salt Controller Qin” Northern Song 宋 official. Personal name unknown. The → ZLBC quotes a recipe associated with him, and LSZ takes this over in SE jiu 韭 but erroneously refers it to one Qin Xianfu 秦憲副, “Legal Assistant Qin,” [1]. Qin zhou ji 秦州記, “record of Qin zhou” Lost Liu Song 劉宋 local chronicle. EE → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. DC mid6th century. Written by Guo Zhongchan 郭仲產. Fragments are preserved in various later reference books, the Tai ping yu lan alone quotes more than ten. LSZ cites one of these items in his main text but erroneously refers to its source as Qin ji 秦記, “Record of Qin,” [1]. Qing 卿 → Zhao Qing 趙卿 Qing gong 清供 → Shan jia qing gong 山家清供 Qing liang zhuan 清涼傳, “accounts from the Clear and Cool [Mountain]” [1] This is the Gu qing liang zhuan 古清涼傳, “Accounts from the Ancient Clear and Cool [Mountain],” a Tang 唐 dynasty monograph on Mount Wu tai 五臺. DC 7th century. 2 juan. Written by → Shi Huixiang 釋慧祥. The text records a story about → Seng Puming 僧普明, who apparently developed festering ulcers all over his body due to emotional disturbances. He was cured with a preparation of chang song 長松. The Song 宋 period Mian shui yan tan 澠水燕談, “Leisure Talk from River Mian,” retells the story but changes its contents by stating that Seng Puming was cured from a “wind ailment” (feng ji 風疾). The → Yi shuo 醫説 cites the story second hand, and LSZ takes his material from a → Zhang Tianjue wen ji 張天覺文集. He claims that the disease treated by chang song was

366 “massive wind” (da feng 大風) and that the first text to detail this story was the Qing liang zhuan. Qing nang 青囊 → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂 Qing nang fang 青囊方→ Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂 Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂, “Miscellaneous Compilation from the Green Bag” Ming 明 dynasty collection of medical texts. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Compiled by → Shao Yizheng 邵以正. DC 1459. Nine texts. The collection comprises 1) an anonymous → Ji ji xian fang 濟 急仙方, the 2) → Xu shi tai chan fang 徐氏胎產方 by Xu Shouzhen 徐守貞, the 3) Xian chuan ji yin fang 仙傳濟陰方, “Recipes Transmitted by Immortals for Benefiting Yin,” by → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真, a 4) Xian chuan wai ke ji yan fang 仙傳外科集驗方, “Collected Proven Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments], Transmitted by Immortals,” (→ Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳) by → Yang Qingsou 楊清叟 (passed on by Zhao Yizhen), the 5) Mi chuan wai ke fang 秘傳外科方, “Secretly Transmitted Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments],” the 6) Xian shou li shang xu duan mi fang 仙授理傷續斷秘方, “Secret Recipes Conferred by Immortals for Repairing Damage and Connecting Breaks,” by → Lin daoren 藺道人, the 7) Shang qing zi ting zhui lao xian fang lun fa 上清紫庭追癆仙方 論法, “Discourses, Methods, and Immortals’ Recipes for Pursuing Exhaustion from the Purple Palace of Highest Purity,” (→ Shang qing zi ting zhui lao fang 上清紫庭追勞方), the 8) Qian Zhongyang chuang zhen zheng zhi 錢仲陽瘡疹證 治, “ Qian Zhongyang’s Treatments for Disease Signs with Sores and Papules,” and the 9) Mi chuan jing yan fang 秘傳經驗方, “Secretly Transmitted Tried and Proven Recipes,” of Shao Yizheng (→ Jing yan fang 經驗方 ). The first eight texts were transmitted by Shao Yizheng’s teacher → Liu Changchun 劉長春, who had in turn received them from Zhao Yizhen. The last text constitutes supplemental material gathered by Shao Yizheng himself. Shao was also the editor for some of the other texts. LSZ cites the collection as Qing nang za zuan [5], as Qing nang fang 青囊方, “Recipes from the Green Bag,” [1], as Shao shi qing nang fang 邵氏青囊方, “Mr. Shao’s Recipes from the Green Bag,” [1], and as Qing nang 青囊, “Green Bag,” [6]. The recipes cited from this collection, however, are mostly referred to the individual texts it contains. Qingniu daoshi 青牛道士 → Feng Junda 封君達 Qingniu xiansheng 青牛先生, “Gentleman Black Ox” [2] Eastern Han 漢 hermit, fl. during the chu ping 初平 reign period (190-193). Style name Zhengfang 正方, a man of Shan dong 山東 who resided in San fu 三輔, an area in today’s central Shaan xi 陝西. According to the → San guo zhi 三國 志 as quoted in the → ZLBC, he regularly consumed qing xiang 青葙 and yuan hua 芫花. Qingxia zi 青霞子, “Master of the Green Clouds” [8] This is Su Yuanlang 蘇元朗 (incorrect AV Su Yuanming 蘇元明), a Sui 隋 dynasty Daoist master. Legend has it that he was born in Jin 晉 times and lived as

367 a recluse in the mountains, where he attained the secrets of the deity Siming 司 命 that helped him to immortality. During the kai huang 開皇 reign period (581600), at the age of 300, he is said to have lived at Mount Luo fu 羅浮 in Guang dong 廣東, in a place called Qing xia gu 青霞谷,“Valley of the Green Clouds,” after which he nicknamed himself Qingxia zi. Attributed to him are the → Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun 軒轅述寶藏論, a → Dan tai lu 丹臺錄, and other books. Alchemist material from these is cited by the → ZLBC. LSZ takes this over without specifying which book he is citing from. Qiong shan 瓊山 → Qiu Yufeng 丘玉峰 Qiong tian lun 穹天論, “discussion of the Vault of the Heavens” [1] Theory on celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), established by Yu Song 虞聳, AV by Yu Bing 虞昺. Both were sons of Yu Fan 虞翻 (164-233), from the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. The family was from Yu yao 余姚 in Kuai ji 會稽, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 contains a quote from Yu Bing’s Qiong tian lun that states: “The shape of heaven is an arched roof like a bamboo hat, and it covers the surface of the earth” (tian zhi xing qiong long ru li er mao di zhi biao 天之形穹隆如笠而冒地之表). The → Jin shu 晉書 quotes a similar passage but attributes the Qiong tian lun to Yu Song. LSZ takes over the passage from the Tai ping yu lan in SE bai tian gong 敗天公. Qiu chi bi ji 仇池筆記, “Brush Notes of Lake Qiu” [3] Collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Formerly attributed to → Su Shi 蘇軾 of Northern Song 宋, but the text is actually a compilation of Su Shi’s essays and jottings by a later editor, with various interpretations added in. There is a substantial overlap with the Dongpo zhi lin 東坡志林, “Forest of Records by [Su] Dongpo.” LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, attributing it to Su zi 蘇子, “Master Su.” The → Cha shuo 茶説 cited by LSZ is contained in the first juan of this work, where it is entitled Lun cha 論茶, “Discussing Tea.” Qiu yuan 仇遠(1247-1326) [7] Yuan 元 dynasty literatus. Style name Renjin 仁近, Renfu 仁父, literary name Shancunmin 山村民, “Villager from the Mountains.” A man of Qian tang 錢塘, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He gained a reputation for his poetry and painting during the late Southern Song 宋 and held a local teaching post during the da de 大德 reign period (1297-1307). LSZ cites his → Bai shi 稗史. Qiu yufeng 丘玉峰 (1420-1495) This is the literary name of Qiu Jun 丘濬, a Ming 明 dynasty high official. Style name Zhongshen 仲深, posthumous name Wenzhuang 文莊. A man of Qiong shan 瓊山, now Hai kou 海口 in Hai nan 海南, thus he was known as Qiongshan xiansheng 瓊山先生, “Gentleman of Qiong shan.” Qiu passed the jin shi examinations in 1454 and held literary appointments at court. He has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming.” He was a prolific writer, his medical books include the → Qun shu ri chao 群書日抄. LSZ calls him Qiu Yufeng [1]

368 in his bibliographical sections, clarifying his identity by adding the name Qiong shan 瓊山 [1] there in small characters. Qu 瞿 → Zhao Qu 趙瞿 Qu li 曲禮 → Li ji 禮記 Qu yi shuo 祛疑説, “discussions dispersing doubts” Southern Song 宋 book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Chu Yong 儲泳. 1 juan. The author was interested in magical calculations and sought to distinguish the real from the bogus, therefore he wrote this text to expose deceitful tricks. The work also contains some material on pulse differentiation. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections (erroneously writing the author’s name Chu Yong 儲詠) but does not cite it in the main text. Qu yong 屈雍 (3rd century) [1] Man of Ru nan 汝南 (now Yan cheng 郾城 in He nan 河南) whose wife (→ Wang shi 王氏 (19)) allegedly gave birth to a son from below her right armpit. → Kong Xian 孔羨 submitted a memorial to the throne about this story. LSZ cites the story from the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) in SE ren gui 人傀. Qu yuan 屈原 (c. 340-278 BCE) [4] This is the style name of Qu Ming 屈平, a major poet from the state of Chu 楚 during the Warring States Period. A member of the Chu nobility, he held various offices under Huai 懷. He was also known as a literatus but was eventually forced from office and exiled. Living a vagrant life in the river basins of the Yuan 沅 and Xiang 湘 rivers in present day Hu nan 湖南, he composed the autobiographical poem Li sao 離騷, “Encountering Sorrow,” now found in the → Chu ci 楚辭. Rich in natural imagery, the Li sao is frequently quoted by LSZ along with other poems in the anthology. Quan 權 → Zhen Quan 甄權 Quan sheng zhi mi fang 全生指迷方, “recipes for Guidance to Last for a Lifetime” Song 宋 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Ji shi quan sheng zhi mi fang 濟世全生指迷方, “Recipes for Guidance to Benefit the World for a Lifetime,” Zhi mi ji 指迷集, “Collection for Guidance.” Written by → Wang Kuang 王貺. DC xuan he 宣和 reign period (1119-1125). 3 juan. This easy-to-use book contains recipes categorized by pathocondition, carefully describing symptoms and disease causes. The original book did not circulate widely, but the Yong le da dian 永 樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Period,” contains the whole work, and the Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” produced a 4 juan edition from that. LSZ, on the other hand, probably took his excerpts from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which frequently quotes the Quan sheng zhi mi fang. He mistakenly cites the book as Shizhai zhi mi fang 是 齋指迷方, “[Wang] Shizhai’s Recipes for Guidance,” [2] in his bibliographical

369 sections and the main text, obviously mixing up Wang Kuang with → Wang Qiu 王璆 and labeling the abbreviated title with the literary name of the latter. In the main text, LSZ also refers to the work as Zhi mi fang [5]. Quan yi wen 勸醫文, “Text of advice to Physicians” [5] Literary document. EE → Chu xue ji 初學記. Written by Emperor Jian Wen 簡 文 of Liang 梁 (→ Liang Jian Wen di 梁簡文帝, r. 550-550). Emperor Jian Wen wrote an admonishing text for physicians, in which he explains in detail the importance of preserving people’s health. The document is preserved in the Chu xue ji, and the → ZLBC extracts one section on the use of medicinals from there. LSZ follows the ZLBC in listing the essay as a separate work in his bibliographical sections and cites material in the main text of the BCGM. Quan ying fang 全嬰方, “recipes for Healing Infants” Abbreviation for the Quan ying fang lun 全嬰方論, “Discourse on Recipes for Healing Infants,” a Song 宋 dynasty pediatric text. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文 淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by Zheng Duanyou 鄭端友 (→ Zheng shi 鄭氏 ). DC 2nd half of the 12th century. 23 juan. The book contains various methods for diagnosing and treating children, a list of formulas organized by disease, and some case studies. The book is still extant but has only limited circulation. LSZ includes both a → Zheng shi xiao er fang 鄭氏小兒方 and a Quan ying fang in his bibliographical sections without providing the full name of the author. All material cited in the main text as from the Zheng shi xiao er fang [6], the Zheng shi fang 鄭氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Zheng,” [3], from Zheng shi 鄭氏, “Mr. Zheng,” [1], or the Quan ying fang [4] can be found in the Quan ying fang lun, which shows that the Quan ying fang and the Zheng shi xiao er fang are one and the same book. Quan you 全幼 → Quan you xin jian 全幼心鑒 Quan you xin jian 全幼心鑒, “Heart Mirror of Healing the young” Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Kou Ping 寇平. DC 1468. 4 juan (AV 16 juan).The text covers all aspects of pediatrics, starting with the blood and qi of children, constitutional aspects, child care, diagnosis, and various diseases as well as their treatment with classical recipes. Attached to it is a text on acumoxa therapy, the Xiao er ming tang jiu jing 小兒明堂灸經, “Cauterization Classic for Children’s [Medicine] from the Hall of Brilliance.” LSZ cites the book as Quan you xin jian [66], as Quan you 全幼, “Healing the Young,” [1], and as Xin jian 心 鑒, “Heart Mirror,” [6]. In his biographical sections, LSZ mistakenly gives the author’s name as Kou Heng 寇衡. Qun fang xu chao 群方續鈔, “Continued Notes on a Multitude of recipes” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book, erroneously recorded as Qun shu xu chao 群書續抄, “Continued Copies from a Multitude of Books,” in the BCGM and a few other Ming and Qing 清 bibliographies. FE Wan juan tang mu lu 萬卷 堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Compiled by → He Mengchun 何孟春. DC 1504. 1 juan. The book was intended as a continua-

370 tion of the Qun shu chao fang 群書抄方, “Recipes Copied from a Multitude of Books,” (→ Qun shu ri chao 群書日抄) of Qiu Jun 丘濬 (→ Qiu Yufeng 丘玉峰). Whereas Qiu had focused on recipes that the → ZLBC had omitted, He Mengchun recorded those that Qiu had omitted. The book had very limited circulation and there are only a few surviving volumes. LSZ lists the work as Qun shu xu chao [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. References to a → He shi fang 何氏方 [3], however, are possibly to this text. Qun shu ri chao 群書日抄, “daily Copies from a Multitude of Books” [1] Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” AN originally Qun shu chao fang 群書抄方, “Recipes Copied from a Multitude of Books.” Written by Qiu Jun 丘濬 (→ Qiu Yufeng 丘玉峰). DC 1474. 1 juan. Following the example of → ZLBC, the book reproduced recipes from a multitude of earlier texts, particularly those that → Tang Shenwei 唐慎微 had omitted. It had very limited circulation and there are only a few surviving volumes. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Qun shu xu chao 群書續抄 → Qun fang xu chao 群方續鈔 Quxian 臞仙 → Ning Xian wang 寧獻王

-rrao shi 饒氏, “Mr. rao” [1] This is Rao Peng 饒鵬, a Ming 明 dynasty physician. Style name Jiuwan 九萬, literary name Dongxi 東溪, “Eastern Stream,” a man of Lin chuan 臨川, now Fu chuan 撫川 in Jiang xi 江西. He studied the teachings of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨, → Li Gao 李杲, and → Liu Wansu 劉完 素 and travelled around Guang dong 廣東 as a physician. In 1512 he received an official post, and in 1528 he wrote the → Yi lin zheng zong 醫林正宗. ren 任 → Ren Dao 任道 ren Chengliang 任承亮 Northern Song 宋 palace attendant, fl. during the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r 1022-1063). During the jing you 景祐 reign period (1034-1037) he participated in the compilation of the Qian xiang xin shu 乾象新書, “New Book of Cosmological Images.” He once suffered from a malign sore but was cured by a recipe provided by → Fu Qiu 傅求. LSZ cites this in SE chi xiao dou 赤小豆, referring to Ren as Ren Chengliang [1] and as Chengliang 承亮 [1]. ren dao 任道 Northern Song 宋 person. During the huang you 皇祐 reign period (1049-1054), he suffered from “fish belly sores” (yu qi chuang 魚臍瘡) and was cured by a physician named → Wang Tong 王通. LSZ cites this in SE shi 豕, referring to Ren as Ren Dao [1] or simply Ren 任 [1].

371 ren Fang 任昉 (460-508) [6] Liang 梁 dynasty official. Style name Yansheng 彥昇, a man of Bo chang 博昌 in Le an 樂安, now Shou chang 壽昌 in Shan dong 山東. He served the Liu Song 劉宋, Qi 齊, and Liang 梁 dynasties rising to the post of governor (tai shou 太守) of Xin an 新安. He has a biography in the → Liang shu 梁書 and is the author of a Za zhuan 雜傳, “Miscellaneous Traditions,” a → Shu yi ji 述異記 , and other books. Ren shen zhuan 人參傳, “Notes on Ginseng” Ming 明 dynasty monograph on ginseng (ren shen 人參). EE BCGM. Written by → Li Yanwen 李言聞. DC 16th century. This is a very detailed but now lost treatise on ginseng. LSZ quotes the book as Ren shen zhuan [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and in SE ren shen 人參 also cites material by reference to the author as Yanwen 言聞 [4]. ren shi 任氏, “Mrs. ren” [1] Northern Song 宋 person, fl. during the xing guo 興國 reign period (976-983). A beautiful woman, she was married to Wang Gongfu 王公甫 (→ Wang Gongfu 王公輔). According to the → Ming yi lu 名醫錄, her face assumed a dark complexion from worrying about the official career of her husband. A Daoist successfully treated her with a “powder with privet fruit” (nü zhen san 女貞散). LSZ cites this in SE nü wan 女菀. ren yu 任豫 [2] Man of the Jin 晉 dynasty, sometimes written Ren Yu 任預. Author of the → Yi zhou ji 益州記. Further details unavailable. ren zong 仁宗 → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 Rencun 仁存 → Rencun tang jing yan fang 仁存堂經驗方 Rencun fang 仁存方 → Rencun tang jing yan fang 仁存堂經驗方 Rencun tang fang 仁存堂方 → Rencun tang jing yan fang 仁存堂經驗方 Rencun tang jing yan fang 仁存堂經驗方, “Proven recipes from the Hall of [Sun] rencun” Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by one Mr. Sun 孫 ( → Sun shi 孫氏 ), possibly Sun Rencun 孫仁存. DC and size uncertain. Today a Rencun Sun shi zhi bing huo fa mi fang 仁存孫氏治病活 法秘方, “Mr. Rencun Sun’s Secret Recipes Based on the Laws of Life to Treat Diseases,” in 10 juan survives, which was apparently written by a person called Sun Rencun. However, none of the quotations found in the BCGM occur in the Rencun Sun shi zhi bing huo fa mi fang, and LSZ is probably citing second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which refers more than a hundred recipes to a Rencun fang 仁存方, “Recipes of [Sun] Rencun.” LSZ cites the book as Rencun tang jing yan fang [1] in his bibliographical sections, and in the main text as Rencun tang fang 仁存堂方, “Recipes from the Hall of [Sun] Rencun,” [5], as Rencun fang [21], or simply as Rencun 仁存 [2]. LSZ also refers just to Sun shi 孫氏, “Mr. Sun,” but there are various authors of the surname Sun cited in the BCGM,

372 so unless he adds the title of the book to the quotation it remains unclear which Mr. Sun he is referring to. Renzhai zhi zhi 仁齋直指 → Renzhai zhi zhi fang 仁齋直指方 Renzhai zhi zhi fang 仁齋直指方, “Straightforward Guide to recipes of [yang] renzhai” Southern Song 宋 clinical text. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” AN Renzhai zhi zhi fang lun 仁齋直指方論, “Straightforward Guide to Recipes and Discourses of [Yang] Renzhai.” Written by → Yang Shiying 楊士瀛 (literary name Renzhai 仁齋). DC 1264. 26 juan. The title indicates that the author attempted to clarify the essential points of his recipes, so that his book could be used as a guideline. The work contains various recipes considered effective and proven. LSZ cites the book as Renzhai zhi zhi fang [15], Zhi zhi fang 直指方, “Straightforward Guide to Recipes,” [161], Zhi zhi 直 指, “Straightforward Guide,” [34], and as Renzhai zhi zhi 仁齋直指, “Straightforward Guide by [Yang] Renzhai,” [1]. He also cites material by the author’s names as Yang Shiying [18] or Yang Renzhai 楊仁齋 [3]. Ri xun ji 日詢記 → Ri xun shou jing 日詢手鏡 Ri xun shou ji 日詢手記 → Ri xun shou jing 日詢手鏡 Ri xun shou jing 日詢手鏡, “Hand Mirror for daily Inquiries” Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall”. AN Jun zi tang ri xun shou jing 君子堂日詢手鏡, “Hand Mirror for Daily Inquiries of the Gentlemen’s Hall.” Written by → Wang Ji 王濟. DC 1523. 1 juan. The book describes local conditions and products of the Heng zhou 橫州 area in Guang xi 廣西. LSZ does not use the original name of the text but erroneously cites it as Ri xun shou ji 日詢手記, “Hand-Written Records for Daily Inquiries,” [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Shou ji 手記, “Hand-Written Records,” [1] or Ri xun ji 日詢記, “Records of Daily Inquiries,” [1] in the main text. Ri yong 日用 → Ri yong ben cao 日用本草 Ri yong ben cao 日用本草, “Materia Medica for daily use” Materia dietetica. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Wu Rui 吳瑞. DC 1329, published 16th century. 8 juan. Each juan covers one type of pharmaceutical substance, that is, waters, grains, vegetables, fruits, birds, quadrupeds, worms/bugs and fishes, and spices. There are 540 substances in all, some of which were never mentioned in materia medica literature before (e.g., tofu, certain mushrooms, and water melon). There is also a supplement of food prohibitions determined by zang fu 臟腑 theory and climatic factors. The original edition is lost, but a revised edition of 1620 survives. LSZ, who had the original text at his disposal, refers to the work as Ri yong ben cao [8], as Ri yong 日用, “Daily Use,” [37], or as Wu Rui ben cao 吳瑞本草, “Materia Medica of Wu Rui,” [3]. He also refers to the work by the name of the author as Wu Rui [54] or simply Rui [47].

373 rihua 日華 → Rihua zi 日華子 Rihua ben cao 日華本草 → Rihua zhu jia ben cao 日華諸家本草 Rihua zhu jia ben cao 日華諸家本草, “rihua’s Materia Medica Based on all Earlier authors” CMM. See bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. AN originally Rihua zi zhu jia ben cao 日華子諸家本草, “Materia Medica of Rihua zi, Based on All Earlier Authors.” Written by an author from Si ming 四明, part of the kingdom of Wu yue 吳越 (895-978). No surname of the author is given, but there is a preface by → Rihua zi 日華子 or Da Ming 大明 (which LSZ assumes was Rihua zi’s real name). DC kai bao 開寶 reign period (968-975). 20 juan. The book included pharmaceutical substances in use at the time as well as substances contained in earlier materia medica texts, classifying them in terms of their medicinal qualities and other categories. The original book is lost, but LSZ cites the work second hand from the → ZLBC, referring to the work as Rihua zhu jia ben cao [1], as Rihua ben cao 日華本草, “Materia Medica of Rihua,” [16], and as Rihua zi ben cao 日華子本草, “Materia Medica of Rihua zi,” [5]. Mostly, however, he refers to the work using some form of the assumed author’s name, i.e., Da Ming [656], Rihua 日華 [399], and Rihua zi [27]. rihua zi 日華子, “Master Sun-rays” Five Dynasties era physician from the state of Wu yue 吳越. A man of Si ming 四明, now Yin xian 鄞縣 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Probably the author of the → Rihua zhu jia ben cao 日華諸家本草. Rihua zi’s real name is not recorded, but LSZ states that, according to the → Qian jia xing 千家姓, Da 大 was a surname from Dong lai 東萊 (in present-day Shan dong 山東). Thus, Rihua zi’s surname might have been Da and his given name Ming 明. But his surname may also have been Tian 田, and according to LSZ there is no way to tell. LSZ refers him as Da Ming [656], Rihua 日華 [399], and Rihua zi [27]. When erroneously referring to a Fei hong ji 飛鴻集, “Flying Geese Collection,” by Tian Rihua 田日華 [1], LSZ is citing the Hong fei ji lun 鴻飛集論, “Discourse on the Goose Flight Collection,” (→ Hong fei ji 鴻飛集), a text generally attributed to Rihua zi. Rihua zi ben cao 日華子本草 → Rihua zhu jia ben cao 日華諸家本草 rong shi 榮氏, “Mr. rong” [1] Jin 晉 or pre-Jin person. According to LSZ, the author or annotator of the → Dun jia Kai shan tu 遁甲開山圖. Further details unavailable. rongcheng Zigao 容成子羔 Legendary person, possibly of the Tang 唐 period. The → Qian jin bei ji fang 千 金備急方, juan 19, in an entry on “elk horn pills” (mi jiao wan 麋角丸) states: Rong cheng zi gao fu er yu hua 容成子羔服而羽化. This sentence can be read either as “by ingesting elk horn paste (gao 膏), Master Rongcheng transformed into an immortal,” or as “by ingesting elk horn pills, Rongcheng Zigao transformed into an immortal.” Citing this material in SE mi 麋, LSZ writes: “With regard to what Rongcheng Zigao ingested, […] Zigao ingested [elk horn pills] and transformed into an immortal” (Rongcheng Zigao suo fu zhe […] Zigao fu

374 zhi yu hua 容成子羔所服者 […] 子羔服之羽化). This reference to Rongcheng Zigao [1] and Zigao 子羔 [1] makes it clear that LSZ considered this be the name of the person taking elk horn pills. The name Rongcheng Zigao, however, is found only in the Qian jin bei ji fang and citations of the same material in other books. Rongcheng zi 容成子, “Master Rongcheng” in comparison, was a wellknown figure, a contemporary and teacher of the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ) associated with Daoist arts. Other sources mention a Rongcheng zi who lived during the time of King Ling 靈 of Zhou 周 (r. 571-545 BCE), and there is also a late Spring and Autumn period person styled Zigao, a contemporary of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子), who is never mentioned in connection with the ingestion of medicinal substances. It appears improbable that the latter two persons had anything to do with taking elk horn pills to achieve immortality. Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆, “Informal Notes of [Hong] rongzhai” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Hong Mai 洪邁. 74 juan, divided into five collections. The collection covers a wide range of subjects, it includes research and commentaries on such topics as the classics and histories, philosophy, laws and institutions, poetry and prose, and hearsay. LSZ cites the book as Rongzhai sui bi [4] and as Hong Rongzhai sui bi 洪容齋隨筆, “Informal Notes of Hong Rongzhai.” ru Chun 如淳 [1] Official of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period, served as Commandery Aide (jun cheng 郡丞) of Cheng 陳. He annotated the → Han shu 漢書, and LSZ, in SE hai ta 海獺, refers to him as an annotator of a → Bo wu zhi 博物志 . The material LSZ cites is taken from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, which refers it to a Bo wu zhi by Ru Chun himself. But since that text is lost, there is no way to compare LSZ’s citation with the original. Ru men shi qin 儒門事親, “How Scholars Should Serve Their Parents” Jin 金 dynasty comprehensive medical text. FE Yuan shi yi wen zhi 元史藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Yuan.” Material transmitted by → Zhang Congzheng 張從正, arranged by → Ma Zhiji 麻知幾. DC early 13th century. 15 juan (AV 14 juan). The text, as its title implies, was intended as a medical guidebook for Confucian scholars, to be used in serving their family. The text explains in some detail treatment methods for various diseases, with an emphasis on diaphoretic, purging, and emetic methods. LSZ cites the book as Ru men shi qin [77], as Zhang Zihe fang 張子和方, “Recipes of Zhang Zihe,” [3], and refers to an individual section, the → Shui jie 水解. He also refers to the work by the name of the author as Zhang Zihe 張子和 [18], Zhang Congzheng [11], Zihe 子 和 [2], or Congzheng 從正 [17]. Ru shi lun 乳石論, “discourses on Stalactite and Quartz” [1] Title of two chapters from the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方. 2 juan, that is, juan 37 and 38 of the Wai tai mi yao fang. The name ru 乳 in the title refers to stalactite (zhong ru shi 鐘乳石), the name shi 石 to quartz (bai shi ying 白石英). LSZ cites this identification from the → TJBC in SE bai shi ying 白石英.

375 Ru yi jing yao 儒醫精要, “Fundamentals of Confucian Medicine” Ming 明 dynasty work on medical theory. SE BCGM. Written by → Zhao Jizong 趙繼宗. DC 1528. 1 juan, 38 chapters with 38 discourses. The work discusses the principles of medicine, pharmaceutics, and the treatment of diseases. Although the text contains much innovative and new material, it obtained a bad reputation for its criticism of some of the classic medical writers like → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 or → Wang Shuhe 王叔和. The author was accused of heterodoxy and contradiction of the classics, thus the work did not circulate widely and was not included in the Ming and Qing 清 bibliographies. Today only a Japanese copy survives. LSZ might have seen an original copy of the book and cites the book as Ru yi jing yao [2] or by the name of the author Zhao Jizong [3]. ruan deru 阮德如 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty person. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 describes him as a member of the nobility skilled in medicine. No further details about his life available. ruan gong 阮公, “Honorable Mr. ruan” (210-263) [2] This is Ruan Ji 阮籍, a literatus of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Sizong 嗣宗, a man of Wei shi 尉氏 in Chen liu 陳留, now part of He nan 河南. The → Jin shu 晉書 has his biography. He excelled in writing poems in lines with five characters. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 quotes a line from one of Ruan’s poems when discussing the herbal drug she gan 射干, which the → ZLBC and LSZ take over. However, his wording is slightly different from the one of the original poem as preserved today. ruan Henan 阮河南 [1] This is Ruan Bing 阮炳 (AV Ruan Bing 阮丙), a Jin 晉 dynasty physician. Style name Shuwen 叔文, a man of Wei shi 尉氏, now part of He nan 河南. Ruan was the governor (yin 尹) of He nan and thus became known as Ruan Henan. He was known for his refined medical practice, especially his herbal fumigation techniques for harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒) disorders. Scattered fragments of his medical discourses and recipes are preserved in the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方 and the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, and he was the author of the now lost Ruan Henan yao fang 阮河南藥方, “Medicinal Recipes of Ruan Henan,” in 16 juan. ruan Qian 阮汧 Tang 唐 dynasty person, who was sent as an envoy to Feng xi 封溪 where he heard stories about the orangutan (xing xing 猩猩). The Tang 唐 period Xing xing ming 猩猩銘, “Orangutan Inscription,” by Pei Yan 裵炎 records some hearsay about the orangutan, which LSZ also cites second hand. LSZ refers to him as Ruan Qian [1] and Ruan shi 阮氏, “Mr. Ruan,” [2]. ruan shi 阮氏, “Mr. ruan” [12] Name of various writers that might refer to any of the following persons:  [2] In connection with material on the orangutan (xing xing 猩猩), this is → Ruan Qian 阮汧.

376  [1] In connection with a “decoction worth a thousand in gold” (qian jin tang 千金湯), this is probably an erroneous designation for → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. Sun’s → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方 contains the same recipe, but does not attribute it to any other author, so LSZ’s reference to a Mr. Ruan may be a slip of the pen for Sun shi 孫氏, “Mr. Sun.”  [4] Unidentifiable author of the → Ruan shi jing yan fang 阮氏經驗方  [3] Unidentifiable author of the → Ruan shi xiao er fang 阮氏小兒方

 [2] Erroneous writing for Wei shi 危氏, “Mr. Wei.” LSZ cites a Ruan shi fang 阮氏方, “Recipe of Mr. Ruan,” and a Mr. Ruan in SE qiao mai 蕎麥 and dan cai 淡菜. However, the same material is found in connection with a “sea-weed pill” (hai cai wan 海菜丸) in the → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方 of → Wei Yilin 危亦林. Ruan shi fang 阮氏方 → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方 Ruan shi jing yan fang 阮氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. ruan” [4] Lost medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Ruan shi 阮氏, “Mr. Ruan.” DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. Ruan shi xiao er fang 阮氏小兒方, “Mr. ruan’s recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children” [3] Lost book on pediatrics. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Ruan shi 阮氏, “Mr. Ruan.” DC Ming 明 or before, further details unavailable. rui 瑞 → Wu Rui 吳瑞 rui 鋭 → Zhang Rui 張銳 Rui cao jing 瑞草經→ Ling zhi rui cao jing 靈芝瑞草經 Rui ming li 瑞明禮, “rites for an auspicious destiny” [1] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty book. EE → Song shu 宋書. AN there Rui ming ji 瑞命記, “Records of Auspicious Destiny;” Gu rui ming ji 古瑞命記, “Ancient Records of Auspicious Destiny.” Written by Gu Zhao 顧昭. Fragments are quoted in the → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏, the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 as Rui ming li and in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 as Gu rui ming ji. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand from the → ZLBC in the main text. Rui ying tu 瑞應圖 → Rui ying tu ji 瑞應圖記 Rui ying tu ji 瑞應圖記, “records and Charts of auspicious Correspondences” Lost apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” quoting the Liang 梁 dynasty → Qi lu 七錄. AN Rui ying tu 瑞應圖, “Charts of Auspicious Correspondences.” Written by → Sun Rouzhi 孫柔之. DC pre-Jin 晉, since the → Jin shu 晉書 reports an incident taking place in 316, in which the Rui ying tu is mentioned. 3 juan (AV 2 juan). Fragments are found in the Tang Kai yuan zhan jing 唐開元占

377 經, “The Divination Classic of the Tang [Dynasty] Kai yuan Reign Period,” the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other works. LSZ cites the book as Rui ying tu ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Rui ying tu [5] in the main text. He also erroneously refers to a Zhang shi rui ying tu 張氏瑞應圖, “Mr. Zhang’s Charts of Auspicious Correspondences,” [1], referring the Rui jing tu to a Zhang shi 張氏, “Mr. Zhang,” instead of Sun shi 孫氏, “Mr. Sun.” Most quotations are taken from the Tai ping yu lan, except for one passage on tigers (qiu er 酋耳), which is from juan 32 of the → Shuo fu 説郛. Rui zhu fang 瑞竹方 → Rui zhu tang jing yan fang 瑞竹堂經驗方 Rui zhu tang fang 瑞竹堂方 → Rui zhu tang jing yan fang 瑞竹堂經驗方 Rui zhu tang jing yan fang 瑞竹堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes from the auspicious Bamboo Hall” Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by the Sinified Uighur → Sa Qianzhai 薩謙齋. DC 1326. 15 juan. The book is named after the house of the author and contains more than 300 recipes organized by disease. The recipes were mainly taken from the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方, but the author also added some of his own recipes that he considered effective and proven. The book was already rare by late Ming times but was cited extensively in the → Yi fang da cheng 醫方大成, the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, and other works. LSZ, who may have used the original book, cites the text as Rui zhu tang jing yan fang [6], as Rui zhu tang fang 瑞竹堂方, “Recipes of the Auspicious Bamboo Hall,” [41], and as Rui zhu fang 瑞竹方, “Auspicious Bamboo Recipes,” [1]. rui zong 睿宗 (662-716) [1] This is the Tang 唐 emperor Li Dan 李旦, r. 684-690 and 710-712. He once summoned the life cultivation expert → Meng Shen 孟詵 to court. LSZ recounts this episode. ruicen gong 瑞岑公 Name of a person of early Ming 明 times or before. His surname and other details about his life are unavailable. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 recounts a story of how he boiled the root of yan fu zi 鹽麩子 with vinegar into a thick broth to remove a chicken bone stuck in someone’s throat. LSZ takes this over in SE yan fu zi 鹽麩子 but erroneously renders his name Cen gong 岑公 [1]. ruiqing 瑞卿 → Wu Rui 吳瑞 ruo yuze 若於則 [1] Sui 隋 to Tang 唐 official, also called Huanghua gong 黃花公, “Lord of the Yellow Flower.” He served as Commander-in-chief (du du 都督) and is said to have obtained an old woman’s recipe to treat gu 蠱 poisoning. The recipe was documented in the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘后備急方. LSZ takes it over in SE ban mao 斑蝥, referring to Ruo as Ruo Yuze [1], the Huanghua gong 黃華公 [1]. ruyan 汝言 → Wang Lun 王綸

378

-SSa Qianzhai 薩謙齋 [6] This is the style name of Sademishi 薩德彌實 (the Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” translates this as Shatumusu 沙圖穆蘇), a sinified Uyghur and Yuan 元 dynasty official. He was governor (tai shou 太守) of Jian chang 建昌 (now Nan cheng 南城 in Jiang xi 江西) during the tai ding 泰定 reign period (1314-1328). From collected medical recipes that he had obtained while traveling he compiled the → Rui zhu tang jing yan fang 瑞竹堂經驗方, which is named after the author’s study, the “Auspicious Bamboo Hall” (rui zhu tang 瑞竹堂). Despite the origins of its author, contents are entirely Chinese and contain no Central Asian material. Sai shang fang 塞上方, “recipes from the Northern Border region” [5] Medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Authorship uncertain. DC Northern Song 宋 or earlier. 3 juan. The original book is lost, but the → ZLBC quotes five recipes from it, which LSZ takes over. San dong yao lu 三洞要錄, “Essential record of the Three Caverns” [2] Lost, anonymous book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經) does not contain the book, only the ZLBC cites two fragments. LSZ takes over the bibliographical entry and a fragment from the ZLBC. San dong zhu nang 三洞珠囊, “Pearl Bag of the Three Caverns” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by Wang Xuanhe 王懸河. 30 juan (AV 10 juan). The book collects stories of Daoist masters and various techniques of inner and outer alchemy, as well as information on aromatic medicinals and other things. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but does not name an author. The fragment cited is also found in the → Xiang pu 香譜 , the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other texts, so LSZ probably took his material from one of these sources. San du fu 三都賦, “rhapsodies on the Three Capitals” Western Jin 晉 fu 賦. EE → Jin shu 晉書. Written by → Zuo Si 左思. According to tradition, it took Zuo ten years to write these poems. The entire text is divided into three parts, the Shu du fu 蜀都賦, “Rhapsody on the Capital of Shu,” the Wu du fu 吳都賦, “Rhapsody on the Capital of Wu,” and the Wei du fu 魏都賦, “Rhapsody on the Capital of Wei.” Each fu is devoted to one of the capitals of the Three Kingdoms, that is, Yi zhou 益州 of Shu 蜀 (present-day Cheng du 成 都 in Si chuan 四川), Jian ye 建業 of Wu 吳 (present-day Nan jing 南京 in Jiang su 江蘇), and Ye 鄴 of Wei 魏 (in the north of present-day An yang 安陽 in He nan 河南). The fu details each place’s topographical features, local products, palaces, and the like. LSZ lists the text as San du fu [1] in his bibliographical sections but cites it as Zuo Si fu 左思賦, “Rhapsody of Zuo Si,” [1] in the main text. He

379 also refers to individual sections as Wu du fu [8] and Shu du fu [7] in connection with local products of the respective area. San fu gu shi 三輔故事, “Tales from the Three Capital districts” [2] Anonymous pre-Sui 隋 geographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Size uncertain. The Sui shu jing ji zhi attributes the text to a person of Jin 晉 times, but this is uncertain. The San fu gu shi is quoted in the → San fu huang tu 三輔黃圖, so the text probably dates to the Han 漢 or Three Kingdoms Wei 魏 period, possibly Northern and Southern Dynasties at the latest. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the San fu huang tu, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other works. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and in the main text, but the material cited on cheng liu 檉柳 is in fact found in the → Yu yin cong hua 漁隱叢 話 and the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚, two books frequently used by LSZ as a source for older works. There, the material cited on ren liu 人柳 is referred to a Jiang zhi yan fu 江之嫣賦, “Rhapsody on the Beauty of the River,” by the Tang 唐 poet → Li Shangyin 李商隱, cited from the Man sou shi hua 漫叟詩話, “Poetry Talks with a Carefree Old Man,” and not to the San fu gu shi at all. Thus, LSZ was apparently mistaken about his source. San fu huang tu 三輔黃圖, “Imperial Maps of the Three Capital districts” [2] Anonymous geographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” 1 juan (AV later 3 and 6 juan). There is some dispute about the book’s date of composition, estimates range from Han 漢 or Three Kingdoms Wei 魏 over Liang 梁 or Chen 陳 dynasties down to the time after the reign of → Tang Su zong 唐肅宗 (756-762). Judging by the works the San fu huang tu is cited in (some of which date to the Northern and Southern Dynasties), a Han or Wei date of compilation seems the most probable, although some fragments were added later. The book details the geographical and architectural features of the three districts of the Qin 秦 and Han dynasty capitals (the area of Chang an 長安), including the city wall and moat, places for imperial amusement, tombs and ancestral shrines, imperial academies, etc. It is an important source for studying the early geography of Shaan xi 陝西. San guo zhi 三國志, “records of the Three Kingdoms” Standard History of the Three Kingdoms period, written during the Jin 晉 dynasty in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體) by → Chen Shou 陳壽. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” 65 juan, of which 30 juan comprise the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” 15 juan the Shu zhi 蜀志, “Records of Shu,” and the remaining 20 juan the Wu zhi 吳志, “Records of Wu.” The text is a complete history of the Three Kingdoms period (220-280). LSZ refers to the work as San guo zhi [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and also refers to its individual parts, i.e., the Wei zhi [4], the Shu zhi [2], and the Wu zhi [1].

380 San huang zhenren 三皇真人, “The Three Perfected Primordial Sovereigns” [1] Name of “perfected ones” (→ Zhenren 真人) as documented in Daoist texts. The Northern Song 宋 → ZLBC quotes one recipe associated with them, which LSZ takes over in SE zhu sha 朱砂. San jiao lun 三教論, “discourse on the Three doctrines” [1] Lost book on life cultivation. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), biography of → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. Written by Sun Simiao. DC Tang 唐. 1 juan. San Mao jun zhuan 三茅君傳, “Biography of the Three Gentlemen Mao” Biography cited in the → TJBC. The “Three Gentlemen Mao” were three legendary immortals surnamed Mao 茅. The Mao shan zhi 茅山志, “Records of Mount Mao,” writes that during early Han 漢 times there were three brothers from Xian yang 咸陽 in Shaan xi 陝西. The oldest was called Mao Ying 茅盈, the middle one Mao Gu 茅固, and the youngest Mao Zhong 茅衷. One after another they attained the dao 道 and went to live at Mount Ju qu 句曲, which was henceforth called Mount Mao. LSZ cites the TJBC fragment as San Mao jun zhuan [1] second hand from the → ZLBC in his main text, while referring to a fictitious → San Mao zhen jun zhuan 三茅真君傳 [1] in his bibliographical sections. San Mao zhen jun zhuan 三茅真君傳, “Biography of the Three Perfected Sovereigns Mao” Fictitious name of a biography. See bibliography of the BCGM. The → ZLBC cites a recipe from a → San Mao jun zhuan 三茅君傳 [1] second hand from the → TJBC, which LSZ takes over in his main text. The title San Mao zhen jun zhuan [1] that he lists in his bibliographical sections is not found in any other bibliography. The Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” lists a San Mao jun nei zhuan 三茅君內傳, “Inner Biography of the Three Sovereigns Mao,” by Li Zun 李遵, but this text is lost, so there is no way to know if it is the one the TJBC was referring to. San Qin ji 三秦記, “record of the Three [Parts of ] Qin” [3] Lost Han 漢 dynasty book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Attributed to an unidentifiable → Xin shi 辛氏. The title refers to the division of the Qin 秦 empire into three parts after its fall: Yong 雍, Sai 塞, and Zhai 翟, which encompass the center and northern parts of present-day Shaan xi 陝西. The book details events from Han times and before and can therefore be dated to the late Han dynasty. Fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, and other works. LSZ cites the book second hand from the Ben cao shi yi and the Tai ping yu lan in his bibliographical sections and the main text. San sheng gu shi 三省故事, “Story of the Three departments” [1] Incorrectly regarded as the title of a text by LSZ. LSZ, in SE ding xiang 丁香, cites an assumed San sheng gu shi second hand from the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪

381 筆談 with a statement on how Han 漢 period officials had a habit of holding cloves (ji she xiang 雞舌香) in their mouths. He apparently regards San sheng gu shi as a book title. Now, “three departments” (san sheng 三省) is a collective designation for the Department of State Affairs (shang shu sheng 尚書省), the Secretariat (zhong shu sheng 中書省), and the Chancellery (men xia sheng 門下省) that was introduced under Cao Wei 曹魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. During the Han, the three departments had not been established yet, and the drug name ji she xiang was not in use either. The original text in the Meng xi bi tan states: “It is because of the old practice (gu shi 故事) at the three departments that officials hold ji she xiang in their mouth.” The → TJBC writes: “Among today’s physicians there is yet another saying: According to the old practice at the three departments, the gentlemen of the Department of State Affairs hold ji she xiang in their mouth, because when they report to the throne and are engaged in questions and answers, they wish to have a fragrant mouth odor.” The text apparently relates the practice of Northern Song 宋 officials at the three departments to keep some cloves in their mouth in order to generate a fragrant mouth odor. San shi guo chun qiu 三十國春秋, “The Spring and autumn annals of the 30 States” [1] Liang 梁 dynasty historical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Xiao Wan 蕭萬 and others. 31 juan. The text was considered a forged history, and in contrast to the title it contains much unofficial history of the Northern and Southern Dynasties period. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in the main text. He takes his material from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, which, however, cites the same fragment as from the Qian Zhao lu 前 趙錄, “Records of Former Zhao.” Only the following fragment is referred to a San shi guo chun qiu there, so the reference in the BCGM is apparently based on a copying error. San shi liu huang fang 三十六黃方, “recipes for [the Treatment of ] the 36 Types of Jaundice” [7] Lost specialized text on jaundice (huang dan 黃疸). EE → Sheng ji zong lu 聖 濟總錄, which refers to the text simply as San shi liu huang 三十六黃, “The 36 Types of Jaundice.” Authorship and size uncertain. DC c. late Tang 唐 to early Northern Song 宋. The → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 of 992 contains a section called Zhi san shi liu zhong huang zheng hou dian lao lun bing fang 治 三十六種黃證候點烙論並方, “Discourses on Point Branding and Recipes for Treating the 36 Types of Jaundice Conditions,” which might be the same text. This material is taken over by the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, where it was accessible to LSZ, who, however, definitely took his material from the Sheng ji zong lu. San shi liu shui fa 三十六水法, “Methods [to Prepare] 36 aqueous Solutions” Anonymous Daoist book on alchemy. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” DC uncertain. 1 juan. The Yun ji qi qian 雲笈七籤, “Seven Slips from a Book Chest of Clouds,” records the title as Fu yun mu zhu shi yao xiao hua san shi liu fa 服雲母諸石藥消化三十六水法,

382 “Methods [to Prepare] 36 Aqueous Solutions for Taking Mica and Absorbing Various Mineral Medicinals.” The original text is preserved in the Dao zang 道 藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經) under its abbreviation. LSZ mentions the work in the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊 entry in his bibliographical sections and cites it in the main text as San shi liu shui fa [2] and as Huai nan san shi liu shui fa 淮南三十六水法, “Methods from Huai nan [to Prepare] 36 Aqueous Solutions,” [2]. He also refers to a San shi liu shui fang 三十六水方, “Recipes for 36 Aqueous Solutions” [2] in his main text, and this title is also found in the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳 and → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳, so a book of this name can be dated to the Han 漢 to Jin 晉 dynasties. The material LSZ quotes as from a San shi liu shui fang can be found in the San shi liu shui fa as well, we may therefore assume that the two titles refer to one and the same book. San shi liu shui fang 三十六水方 → San shi liu shui fa 三十六水法 San Su wen ji 三蘇文集, “Literary Collection of the Three Su” [1] Literary collection. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” The San Su 三蘇, “Three Su,” were the Northern Song scholar Su Xun 蘇洵 and his sons → Su Shi 蘇軾 and Su Zhe 蘇轍. The book was completed by the end of Northern Song 宋, but → Song Hui zong 宋 徽宗 ordered its destruction by burning in 1103. Later, under → Song Xiao zong 宋孝宗 (r. 1162-1189), it was praised and reissued. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. San yin 三因 → San yin fang 三因方 San yin fang 三因方, “recipes for the Three Causes” This is one of LSZ’s abbreviations for the San yin ji yi bing zheng fang lun 三因極 一病證方論, “Discourse on Diseases, Disease Signs, and Recipes Related to the Unifications of the Three Causes,” a Southern Song 宋 monograph on disease causes. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Chen Yan 陳言. DC 1174. 18 juan. Chen’s views are based on the theories of the → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略, which describes three types of disease causes, i.e., internal causes (nei yin 内因), external causes (wai yin 外因), and causes that are neither internal nor external (bu nei wai yin 不内外因). Based on disease categories, the book is divided into 180 chapters containing more than 1050 entries. LSZ cites the book as San yin fang [40], San yin 三因, “Three Causes,” [8], as San yin fang lun 三因方論, “Recipes and Discourses on the Three Causes,” [1], and as San yin liang fang 三因良方, “Good Recipes for the Three Causes,” [1]. San yin fang lun 三因方論 → San yin fang 三因方 San yin liang fang 三因良方 → San yin fang 三因方 San yuan can zan shu 三元參贊書 → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書 San yuan shu 三元書 → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書

383 San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書, “Book on Extending Life according to the Three Origins” Book on life cultivation. FE Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “The Hundred Streams Bibliography.” AN San yuan can zan yan shou shu 三元參贊延壽書, “Book on Extending Life by Advice on the Three Origins,” San yuan yan shou can zan shu 三元延壽參贊書, “Advisory Book on Extending Life According to the Three Origins.” Written by → Li Pengfei 李鵬飛. DC 1291. 5 juan. The author claims that life can be extended to an age of 180 years, which consists of three timespans of 60 years, the so-called “three origins.” The period of heavenly origin (tian yuan 天元) is attained by a quiet mind, the period of earthly origin (di yuan 地元) by a regular daily life, and the origin of man (ren yuan 人元) by observing temperance in eating and drinking. The book includes practical methods for life cultivation from Confucian, Daoist, and medical teachings. LSZ cites the book as San yuan yan shou shu [6], as Yan shou shu 延壽書, “Book for Extending Life,” [19], as San yuan can zan shu 三元參贊書, “Advisory Book on the Three Origins,” [1], as San yuan shu 三元書, “Book on the Three Origins,” [1] by Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” and as Yan shou fang 延壽方, “Recipes for Extending Life,” [1]. He also uses the names of the author, Li Pengfei 李鵬飛 [11], Li Jiuhua 李九華 [7], and, incorrectly, Li Tingfei 李廷飛 [19] to stand for the book. Sangmen 桑門 [1] General designation for male Buddhist monks, also called Shamen 沙門 from the Sanskrit Shramana. According to the → Sui shu 隋書, a sangmen in Xiang zhou 相州 (in the southwest of present-day An yang 安陽 in He nan 河南) transformed into a snake. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Seng Baozhi 僧寶志, “Monk Baozhi” [1] Liang 梁 dynasty monk, sometimes written Seng Baozhi 僧寶誌. Revered as a “divine monk” (shen seng 神僧) at his time. LSZ mentions him in the context of the history of the kuai can yu 鱠殘魚 but considers the story not worth a discussion. Seng Fajian 僧法堅, “Monk Fajian” [1] Southern Song 宋 monk. Lived in Lin an 臨安, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. The → Chun zhu ji wen 春渚紀聞 relates a story of how he observed how an herbal decoction transformed a person into water, with only his skeleton left, and transformed the cauldron that had held the decoction into gold. LSZ states that this herb was a variety of tou shan gen 透山根 and jin ying cao 金英草. Seng Jihong 僧繼洪 → Jihong 繼洪 Seng Juliao 僧居寮 → Seng Jutai 僧居泰 Seng Jutai 僧居泰, “Monk Jutai” Yuan 元 dynasty monk. The → Wai ke jing yi 外科精義 of → Qi Dezhi 齊德之 lists a recipe for the treatment of oral lesions transmitted by him. LSZ takes this over but erroneously writes his name Seng Juliao 僧居寮 [1].

384 Seng Puming 僧普明, “Monk Puming” [1] Northern Song 宋 monk. According to the Gu qing liang zhuan 古清涼傳, “Accounts from the Ancient Clear and Cool [Mountain]” (→ Qing liang zhuan 清 涼傳), he developed festering ulcers all over his body after he was denounced for not being able to control his desires. He was cured with a preparation of chang song 長松. The Song period Mian shui yan tan 澠水燕談, “Leisure Talk from River Mian,” retells the story but changes its contents by stating that Seng Puming suffered from a “wind ailment” (feng ji 風疾). The → Yi shuo 醫説 cites the story second hand, and LSZ takes his material from a → Zhang Tianjue wen ji 張天覺文集, claiming that the monk’s disease was “massive wind” (da feng 大風). Seng Shengtan 僧生坦 → Yao Sengyuan 姚僧垣 Seng Wenxiang 僧文象, “Monk Wenxiang” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty monk. In 812 he is said to have met the → Mao shan laoren 茅山老人 who told him the story behind the usage of polygonum root (→ He Shouwu 何首烏). Seng Zanning 僧贊寧 → Zanning 贊寧  Sengtan 僧坦 → Yao Sengyuan 姚僧垣 Sha zhou ji 沙州記, “records of Sha zhou” [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty book. EE → Shui jing zhu 水經注. Written by Duan Guo 段國 (fl. 1st half of the 5th century). The Sha zhou ji provides contemporary information on the establishment, evolution, and geography of Sha zhou (in present-day Qing hai 青海) during the Northern and Southern dynasties. The original text is lost, and the earliest book to cite the Sha zhou ji was the Northern Wei 魏 Shui jing zhu. Fragments are also found in the → Ce fu yuan gui 冊 府元龜, the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, and other books. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in his main text, probably from the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼. Shan fan 刪繁, “deletion of the Superfluous”  [14] Abbreviation for the → Shan fan ben cao 刪繁本草  [2] Abbreviation for the → Shan fan fang 刪繁方 Shan fan ben cao 刪繁本草, “Materia Medica with the Superfluous deleted” Lost CMM. See bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. Written by → Yang Sunzhi 楊損之. DC Tang 唐, later than the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741). 5 juan. The book attempted to reduce the extensive material provided in the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 and other earlier works to create a more handy text of materia medica. It deleted the substances it considered ineffective or not urgently needed, thus the name. The author did not add much material of his own, thus LSZ criticizes the work for lack of innovation. Five fragments are found in the Jia you ben cao, and LSZ cites the work second hand, referring to it as Shan fan ben cao in his bibliographical sections and as Shan fan 刪繁, “Deletion of the Superfluous,” [12] by Yang Sunzhi or using the author’s name alone, Sunzhi 損 之 [4], in the main text.

385 Shan fan fang 刪繁方, “recipes with the Superfluous deleted” Medical recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Xie Shitai 謝士泰. DC Sui 隋 or pre-Sui. 13 juan (AV 12 juan, 10 juan). The original book is lost, but extensive fragments are quoted in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → TJBC, and other works. LSZ cites the book second hand as Shan fan fang [9] or as Shan fan 刪繁, “Deletion of the Superfluous,” [2]. Shan hai jing 山海經, “Classic of Mountains and Seas” Anonymous book, a compilation of mythogeographical lore from the Warring States period to Western Han 漢 times. 18 juan. The text contains geographical beliefs from folk legends about mountains and rivers, distances, local products, ethnic groups, animal and plant life, pharmaceutics, and shamanistic medicine. LSZ refers to the work as Shan hai jing [85] or refers to individual parts of the book as Zhong shan jing 中山經, “Classic of the Middle Mountains,” [3], Dong shan jing 東山經, “Classic of the Eastern Mountains,” [3], Bei shan jing 北山經, “Classic of the Northern Mountains,” [7], Xi shan jing 西山經, “Classic of the Western Mountains,” [6], as Nan shan jing 南山經, “Classic of the Southern Mountains,” [1], and as → Da huang jing 大荒經 [1]. The oldest annotated edition is by → Guo Pu 郭璞, the Shan hai jing zhu 山海經注, “Annotations to the Shan hai jing,” and this is what LSZ lists as his source in the bibliography of the BCGM as Guo Pu zhu Shan hai jing 郭璞注山海經, “The Shan hai jing, Annotated by Guo Pu,” [1]. In the main text, he refers to Guo’s annotations as Guo Pu zhu 郭璞注, “Guo Pu’s Annotations,” [14]. Shan ji fang 善濟方 → Pu ji fang 普濟方 Shan jia qing gong 山家清供, “Pure Supplies of the Mountain People” Southern Song 宋 book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The book is also found in the Qing 清 period Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Lin Hong 林洪. 2 juan. The book describes the daily, simple diet of people in the countryside, including many wild vegetables and peasants’ recipes. The book is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛. LSZ cites the book as Shan jia qing gong [3] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He also refers to the book as Qing gong 清供, “Pure Supplies,” [1]. Shan ju lu 山居錄, “record of dwelling in the Mountains” [6] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Shan ju yao shu 山居要術, “Essential Arts for Dwelling in the Mountains,” an agricultural text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Wang Min 王旻. Southern Song 宋 authors were uncertain about when Wang lived, but modern research dates him to the Tang 唐 period. 3 juan. Apparently, there was also a Northern Song Shan ju yao shu by Yu Jing 余靖, but this is not found in any bibliography and it is certainly not the work LSZ is referring to. Wang’s Shan ju yao shu contains information about the cultivation of trees, seedlings, medicinals, etc. The book had very limited circulation, but fragments are preserved in the Ju jia bi yong shi lei quan ji 居家必用事類全集, “Categorized Complete

386 Collection of Obligatory Household Issues,” (→ Ju jia bi yong 居家必用). LSZ cites the text second hand, probably taking his material from the Ju jia bi yong. Shan ju si yao 山居四要, “Four Essentials for dwelling in the Mountains” [4] Yuan 元 dynasty book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Wang Rumao 汪汝懋. DC 1360. 4 juan. The book details recipes and drugs for emergencies, methods of life cultivation, and cultivation methods for fruit trees, vegetables, etc. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without naming an author. The author Wang Rumao, style name Yijing 以敬, literary name Dunzhai 遯齋, “Studio of Retreat,” Tongjiang yeke 桐江野客, “Rustic Guest of Tong jiang,” was a man of Chun an 淳安, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He held court and local offices and was a prolific author. Shan Lian 山連 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty imperial physician, sometimes written Shan Lian 山璉. According to the → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方, he resorted to pills with lang dang 莨菪 to cure → Wei Siye 韋司業 of “water qi swelling” (shui qi zhong 水氣腫). LSZ relates this story in SE ling yang 羚羊. Shan tang kao suo 山堂考索, “Critical Compilation from the Mountain Hall” [1] Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Tian lu lin lang shu mu 天祿琳琅書目, “Catalogue of Precious Books in the Possession of the Empire.“ AN Qun shu kao suo 群書考索, “Critical Compilation of a Multitude of Books.” Compiled by Zhang Ruyu 章如愚 (→ Zhang Junqing 章俊卿). 10 collections, 100 juan, expanded in a Yuan 元/Ming 明 edition. The book collected and categorized the classics, histories, and philosophical works and added a conclusion of the compiler at the end. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He may still have used it as a source for second hand citations of the books it contained. Shan xiu yang liao 膳饈養療, “Nourishing Treatments with delicacies” [1] Lost book on dietary therapy. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Author unknown. 20 juan. LSZ mentions the text in the → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草 entry in his bibliographical sections. Further information unavailable. Shang han bian yi 傷寒辨疑, “distinguishing doubtful Points about Harm Caused by Cold” [1] Book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). EE Danxi weng zhuan 丹溪翁 傳, “Biography of Old Man Danxi.” AN Shang han lun bian 傷寒論辨, “Differentiation of the Shang han lun.” Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 in his later years. LSZ mentions the book in the → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補 遺 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not give it a separate entry, nor does he cite it in the main text.

387 Shang han chui fa 傷寒槌法, “Mallet Methods [for the Treatment of ] Harm Caused by Cold” [2] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Shang han sha che chui fa 傷寒殺車槌法, “Chariot and Mallet Methods against Killing by Harm Caused by Cold,’” a specialized book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒), one of ten such texts in the Ming 明 collection → Shang han shi shu 傷寒十書. AN Shang han jia mi sha che chui fa 傷寒家秘殺車槌法, “Chariot and Mallet Methods against Killing by Harm Caused by Cold, Kept Secret in the Family.” Written by → Tao Hua 陶 華. DC 15th century or before. 1 juan. LSZ cites the work in his main text only but lists the Shang han shi shu in his bibliographical sections. Shang han ge 傷寒歌, “Song on Harm Caused by Cold” [1] Southern Song 宋 popular book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Shang han bai zheng ge 傷寒百證歌, “Song on Hundred Disease Signs of Harm Caused by Cold.” Written by → Xu Shuwei 許叔 微. DC 1132. 3 juan. The text summarizes material by → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲 景 in versified instructions. There are 100 songs in all, each devoted to a specific disease sign. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in his main text. Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要, “Categorized Essentials on Harm Caused by Cold” Northern Song 宋 book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Gao Ruone 高若訥. DC mid-11th century. 4 juan. The original book is lost, but the → ZLBC quotes 47 fragments, some of which are taken over by LSZ. He cites the book as Shang han lei yao [20], as Shang han lei yao fang 傷寒 類要方, “Categorized Essential Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Harm Caused by Cold,” [1], as Lei yao 類要, “Categorized Essentials,” [8], and as Lei yao fang 類要 方, “Categorized Essential Recipes,” [2] but in his bibliographical sections mistakenly makes → Ping Yaoqing 平堯卿 the author. Ping only wrote a Shang han zheng lei yao lüe 傷寒證類要略, “Verified and Categorized Essentials on Harm Caused by Cold,” an uninnovative and uninfluential book, now lost. The material quoted from the ZLBC, however, contains many new recipes, so LSZ must be quoting from Gao Ruone’s work. The author Gao Ruone was a Northern Song philologist and physician. Style name Minzhi 敏之, a man of Yu ci 榆次 in Bing zhou 并州, now part of Shan xi 山西. His family later settled in Wei zhou 衛州 (now Wei hui 衛輝 in He nan 河南). He was a first-ranking jin shi and attained an academic court post in 1053. He is said to have specialized in medical studies due to a disease of his mother’s. During the Northern Song, many famous physicians came from Wei zhou, and all of them were influenced by Gao’s teachings. Apart from writing the Shang han lei yao, the Su wen wu wen que yi 素問誤文闕義, “On Flawed Interpretations in Erroneous Writings on the Su wen,” and other books, Gao participated in the editing of classics such as the → Shang han lun 傷寒論  and the → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略.

388 Shang han lei yao fang 傷寒類要方 → Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要 Shang han liu shu 傷寒六書 → Shang han shi shu 傷寒十書 Shang han lun 傷寒論, “On Harm Caused by Cold” Book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒).

 FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景. DC c. 3rd century. 10 juan. The text was originally part of the Shang han za bing lun 傷寒 雜病論, “Discourse on Harm Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases.” The original text was lost early but was collated from fragments by → Wang Shuhe 王叔和 a few centuries later. Wang’s version fell out of circulation soon as well. Yet, during the Northern Song 宋, it formed the basis for an official re-edition by the imperial medical bureau, in which material on disease signs attributed to harm caused by cold was extracted to create the Shang han lun (the rest was edited to produce the→ Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略). Disease signs were arranged according to the six conduits (liu jing 六經) into 22 chapters with 112 recipes. The first person to produce a fully annotated edition of the work was the Jin 金 dynasty author → Cheng Wuji 成無己. LSZ refers to the work as Shang han lun [21], as Zhang Zhongjing fang 張仲景方, “Recipes of Zhang Zhongjing,” [17], as Zhongjing fang 仲景方, “Recipes of [Zhang] Zhongjing,” [5], or referring to the author’s name only, as Zhongjing [5] or Zhang Zhongjing [17].  [14] Labeled → Pang Anshi 龐安時, this is the → Shang han zong bing lun 傷寒總病論.

 [1] Labeled → Zhao Sizhen 趙嗣真, this is probably an error for this author’s Huo ren shi yi 活人釋疑, “Explaining Doubtful Points about Saving People’s Lives.” Shang han ming li lun 傷寒明理論, “discourse on Clarifying the Principles of Harm Caused by Cold” Book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Cheng Wuji 成無己. DC 1142. 3 juan (AV 4 juan). The book devotes 50 chapters to disease signs and 20 to recipes, carefully differentiating similarities and differences of different conditions and elucidating the compatibility of medicinals. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Shang han ming li lun [1] but does not cite it directly in his main text. Seven treatment methods and ten recipes, however, are cited from the text using the author’s name, Cheng Wuji [44]. Shang han shen yan fang 傷寒身驗方, “Personally Proven recipes for [the Treatment of ] Harm Caused by Cold” [2] Jin 晉 dynasty collection of recipes on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” quoting the Liang 梁 dynasty → Qi lu 七錄. AN Liao shang han shen yan fang 療傷寒身驗方, “Personally Proven Recipes to Treat Harm Caused by Cold.” Written by → Wang Min 王珉. 1 juan (AV 3 juan). The original book

389 is lost, but the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 preserved a fragment, which passed through many hands to finally be quoted in the → ZLBC. LSZ takes this over, citing the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Shang han shi shu 傷寒十書, “Ten Books on Harm Caused by Cold” [1] Collection of books on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). See bibliography of the BCGM, Jin ling 金陵 edition, the later Jiang xi 江西 edition has this as Shang han liu shu 傷寒六書, “Six Books on Harm Caused by Cold.” The latter was the original book written by → Tao Hua 陶華, DC 1445. As the title implies, it only comprised six texts. Later compilers added another four texts by Tao to produce the Shang han shi shu, DC 1531. The Shang han liu shu comprised the 1) Shang han suo yan 傷寒瑣言, “Trivial Words on Harm Caused by Cold,” the 2) Shang han jia mi di ben 傷寒家秘的本, “Original Book of Family Secrets on Harm Caused by Cold,” the 3) Shang han sha che chui fa 傷寒殺車槌法, “Chariot and Mallet Methods against Killing by Harm Caused by Cold,” (→ Shang han chui fa 傷寒槌法) the 4) Shang han yi ti jin 傷寒一提金, “[Treatments] for Harm Caused by Cold Worth a Dipper Full of Gold,” the 5) Shang han zheng mai yao jie jiang wang 傷寒證脈藥截江網, “Harm Caused by Cold Patterns, [Movements in the] Vessels, and Medicinals – A Net Cutting Across the River,” and the 6) Shang han ming li xu lun 傷寒明理續論, “Continued Discourse on Clarifying the Principles of Harm Caused by Cold.” The four other texts are the 1) Shang han zhi li dian jin 傷寒治例點金, “Turning [Crude] Examples of Treatment for Harm Caused by Cold into Gold,” the 2) Shang han zhi li zhi zhi 傷寒治例直指, “Straightforward Guide to Examples of Treatment for Harm Caused by Cold,” the 3) Shang han zhi ge biao ben lun 傷寒直格標本論, “Discourse on Branches and Roots [of Disease] and on Straightforward Standards for [the Treatment of ] Harm Caused by Cold,” and the 4) Shang han duan duan jin 傷寒段段錦, “Fragments of Brocade [for the Treatment of ] Harm Caused by Cold.” LSZ lists the collection as Shang han shi shu (later Shang han liu shu) [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does, however refer to the Shang han chui fa [2] and less specifically to Tao Hua [4] and to a Tao hua fang 陶華方, “Recipe of Tao Hua,” [1] in the main text of the BCGM. Shang han shu 傷寒書, “Book on Harm Caused by Cold” This is LSZ’s name for the Shang han wei zhi lun 傷寒微旨論, “On the Subtle Meanings of the Shang han lun.” FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Han Zhihe 韓祗和. DC 1086. 2 juan. The book studies and explains the ideas of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒), often offering new views on topics like pulse diagnosis or treatment methods. The book had limited circulation, but much of it was preserved in the Yong le da dian 永樂 大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” from which the Qing 清 editors of the Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” reconstructed an edition. → Wang Haogu 王好古 in his → Yin zheng lüe li 陰證略例 cites material by Han Zhihe as Han Zhihe wen zhong li 韓祗和溫中例, “Examples by Han Zhihe for Warming the Center,” and this is

390 probably the source of LSZ’s material. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Shang han shu [1] along with the author’s name and in the main text labels material from it Han Zhihe [1]. Shang han yun yao 傷寒蘊要, “Collected Essentials on Harm Caused by Cold” Book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” AN Shang han yun yao quan shu 傷寒 蘊要全書, “Complete Book of Collected Essentials on Harm Caused by Cold.” Written by → Wu Shou 吳綬. DC 1505. 4 juan (AV 8 juan). The book was intended as an introductory text on the → Shang han lun 傷寒論  and lists the main shang han disease signs as well as their treatment methods, focusing particularly on diagnostics (inspection as well as tongue and pulse diagnosis). LSZ cites the book as Shang han yun yao [13], as Yun yao 蘊要, “Collected Essentials,” [1], or using the author’s name, Wu Shou [12]. Shang han zhi ge 傷寒直格, “Straightforward Standards for [the Treatment of ] Harm Caused by Cold” [2] Book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Lu zhu tang shu mu 籙竹堂 書目, “Catalogue of Lu zhu Hall.” Attributed to → Liu Wansu 劉完素, but this might be a fake authorship. DC uncertain. 3 juan. Juan 1 is a general theoretical medical introduction, juan 2 focuses on the six conduits affected by harm caused by cold and treatment methods for external and internal patterns, while juan 3 details recipes from the → Shang han lun 傷寒論  as well as 34 recipes attributed to Liu. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Shang han zong bing lun 傷寒總病論, “discourse on all diseases from Harm Caused by Cold” Book on harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒). FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝 文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Pang Anshi 龐安時. DC 2nd half of the 11th century. 6 juan. The book is one of the earliest commentaries on the Shang han za bing lun 傷寒雜病論, “Discourse on Harm Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases,” (→ Shang han lun 傷寒 論 ) of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景. It does not confine itself to the original material of the Shang han lun but also covers disease signs like macules and smallpox, epidemic diseases caused by heat or summerheat, or pediatric and gynecological ailments. LSZ quotes the book as Shang han zong bing lun [3] and Shang han lun [14], distinguishing the latter title from the original Shang han lun by affixing Pang Anshi’s name. He also refers to the work as Zong bing lun 總病 論, “Discourse on All Diseases,” [3] or using the author’s name as Pang Anchang fang 龐安常方, “Recipes of Pang Anchang,” [1], Pang Anchang [1], and Pang Anshi [2]. Shang lin fu 上林賦, “rhapsody on the upper Forest”[9] Fu 賦 by Sima Xiangru 司馬相如, the second and later part of the → Zi xu fu 子 虛賦 preserved in the → Shi ji 史記 and the → Han shu 漢書. The Shang lin fu was made a separate poem in the → Wen xuan 文選. Among others, the Han shu was annotated by the scholar → Yan Shigu 顔師古, therefore LSZ also refers to

391 Yan’s annotations as Yan Shigu zhu Shang lin fu 顔師古注上林賦, “The Shang lin fu, Annotated by Yan Shigu,” [1]. Shang qing Jin Pengtou zushi 上清金蓬頭祖師, “Founder Jin Pengtou of the Highest Purity” (died 1336) [1] This is Jin Zhiyang 金志揚, a Yuan 元 era Daoist. Literary name Ye’an 野庵, “Rustic Hut,” nicknamed Pengtou 蓬頭, “Matted Hair.” A specialist in internal alchemy (nei dan 內丹), he was revered by the Quan zhen 全真 sect as the Shang qing Jin Pengtou zushi. In SE lü fan 綠礬, LSZ cites a recipe for “pills that fell a tree” (fa mu wan 伐木丸) from the → Xian chuan fang 仙傳方  of → Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰, which claims that the recipe was transmitted by the Shang qing Jin Pengtou zushi. Shang qing jue 上清訣, “Instructions on Highest Purity” [1] Daoist book. EE → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. LSZ cites a recipe from the text second hand in SE shu jiao 蜀椒, but the source of this material remains uncertain. Shang qing zi ting xian fang 上清紫庭仙方 → Shang qing zi ting zhui lao fang 上 清紫庭追勞方 Shang qing zi ting zhui lao fang 上清紫庭追勞方, “recipes for Pursuing Exhaustion from the Purple Palace of Highest Purity” Medical recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Author uncertain, sometimes attributed to a Zhao Yuanyang 趙 元陽. DC (according to the preface) probably Yuan 元. 1 juan (AV 9 juan). The Daoist → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真 (also called Yuanyang zhenren 趙原陽真人, “Yuanyang the Perfected One”) edited recipes and discourses for the treatment of exhaustion diseases to produce similar material as found in the Shang qing zi ting zhui lao fang. Therefore his followers associated him with this book, which was in fact not written by him at all. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections as Shang qing zi ting zhui lao fang [1] and in the main text as Shang qing zi ting xian fang 上清紫庭仙方, “Immortals’ Recipes from the Purple Palace of Highest Purity,” [1]. Shang shu 尚書, “documents of the Elder” Confucian classic. AN Shu 書, “Documents,” Shu jing 書經, “Classic of Documents.” Traditionally considered a compilation by Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子) himself. The character shang 尚, a homophone for shang 上, alludes to the term shang dai 上代, “ancient times.” The documents are said to have originated from these ancient times, although various parts (such as the → Hong fan 洪範 or the → Yu gong 禹貢) were added during the Warring States period or even later. By Western Han 漢 times there were many different versions of the Shang shu associated with two textual traditions, the new text (jin wen 今文) and the old text (gu wen 古文) tradition, the texts for the latter supposedly found hidden in the walls of Confucius’ house. All these versions were lost, but during the Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty a certain Mei Ze 梅賾 submitted another old text edition, which Ming 明 and Qing 清 scholars considered a forgery. After much dispute, the

392 current version in the Shi san jing zhu shu 十三經注疏, “Annotations and Commentaries to the Thirteen Classics,” was compiled from that text, fragments of the older ones, and various commentaries. LSZ’s listing of a Shang shu zhu shu 尚書注疏, “Annotations and Commentaries to the Shang shu,” [1] by → Kong Anguo 孔安國 in his bibliographical sections as well as the references to the Shang shu [3] or Shu [4] and to Kong Anguo himself all go back to the forged Jin dynasty text. Shang shu zhu shu 尚書注疏 → Shang shu 尚書 Shang yuan bao jing 上元寶經, “Precious Classic of the Highest Origin” [2] Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽. DC early Song 宋 or before. Fragments on Daoist pills and dietary instructions are quoted in the Song dynasty Yun ji qi qian 雲笈七籤, “Seven Slips from a Book Chest of Clouds,” by → Zhang Junfang 張君房 and in the TJBC. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in his main text. Shang zhu jiao 商助教, “assistant Instructor Shang” [1] This is the title of Shang Xi 商熙, a Southern Song 宋 official. Served as assistant instructor (zhu jiao 助教) in Fang zhou 坊州, in the southeast of present-day Huang ling 黃陵. He once employed a “powder to nourish the kidneys” (yang shen san 養腎散) to cure the prefect → Chen Fengyuan 陳逢原 of pain in his lower back and knees. Shangqiu zi 商丘子, “Master Shangqiu” [2] This is Shangqiu Zixu 商丘子胥, a Han 漢 dynasty immortal. A man of Gao yi 高邑 in the north of present-day Bo xiang 柏鄉 in He bei 河北. Master Shangqiu is said to have enjoyed raising pigs and playing the yu 竽 flute, and he never got married. Legend has it that he reached an age of more than 300 years. The → Yang zhu jing 養豬經 is attributed to him. LSZ mentions him in SE zi 梓. Shangu dao bi 山谷刀筆, “Knife and Brush of [Huang] Shangu” [1] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. While LSZ mentions neither author nor size, the Xu wen xian tong kao 續文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources,” assigns the book to → Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅 and sets its size at 20 juan. The book is comprised of examples of Huang’s correspondence arranged by year. All were selected from Huang’s Shangu ji 山谷集, “Collection of [Huang] Shangu,” (→ Huang Shangu ji 黃山谷集) and presented as independent documents. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text, although references to Huang Shangu 黃山谷, the author’s literary name, may be to this text. Shao 紹 → Deng Shao 鄧紹 Shao Bowen 邵伯溫 (1057-1134) [1] Northern Song 宋 official, the son of Shao Yong 邵雍 (→ Shao Yaofu 邵堯夫). Style name Ziwen 子文, a man of Luo yang 洛陽, now part of He nan 河南. He was the author of the Wen jian lu 聞見錄, “Records of Things Heard and Seen,”

393 (→ Shao shi wen jian lu 邵氏聞見錄) and many other books. However, material cited by LSZ as from the Wen jian lu is actually from the Wen jian hou lu 聞見後 錄, “Later Records of Things Heard and Seen,” (DC 1157) by Shao’s son, Shao Bo 邵博. Apart from that, LSZ cites some material by Shao Bowen himself. Shao Guizi 邵桂子 [2] Late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 literatus. Style name Defang 德芳, a man of Chun an 淳安, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1271. He held a local teaching post but was forced to retire due to the fall of the Song. He moved to Song jiang 松 江 (now part of Shang hai 上海) and built himself a pavilion called Xue zhou 雪 舟, “Snow Boat,” on the lakeside. He did his writing there, creating the Xue zhou cuo gao 雪舟脞稿, “Trivial Drafts from the Snow Boat,” and the Xue zhou cuo yu 雪舟脞語, “Trivial Conversations from the Snow Boat,” abbreviated by LSZ as → Weng tian yu 瓮天語. Shao Hao shi 少皞氏, “Gentleman Shao Hao” [1] Legendary chieftain of the Eastern Yi 夷 tribe in ancient times, also called Shao Hao 少昊. As the Eastern Yi took birds as their totems, they also used the names of birds to designate their officials. LSZ cites this from the → Zuo zhuan 左傳 in SE sang hu 桑鳸. Shao Kang 少康 Legendary king and founder of the Xia 夏 dynasty. According to the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 , he invented the technology of brewing and is identified as Du Kang 杜康. The → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義 recounts this story, and LSZ takes it over in SE jiu 酒, referring to the king as Shao Kang [1] and Du Kang [1]. Shao shi 邵氏, “Mr. Shao”  [5] → Shao Yizheng 邵以正, author of the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  and compiler of the → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂.

 [1] In → Shao shi wen jian lu 邵氏聞見錄 this is → Shao Bowen 邵伯溫 or his son Shao Bo 邵博.  [1] → Shao shi nü 邵氏女

 [1] In SE lu 鹿, this is a person of uncertain identity. LSZ cites an explanation of his. Shao shi fang 邵氏方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  Shao shi jing yan fang 邵氏經驗方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  Shao shi nü 邵氏女, “Girl of the Shao Clan” [1] Southern Song 宋 person from Jing hu 鏡湖 in Yue zhou 越州, in the north of present-day Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Daughter of a local influential figure called Shao 邵. According to the → Yi shuo 醫説, she developed a consumption disease at the age of 18 and suffered from it for several years. Eventually, a fisherman cured her with an eel broth. LSZ takes over the story in his main text, erroneously writing gui 鱖, Mandarin fish, instead of man 鰻, eel.

394 Shao shi qing nang fang 邵氏青囊方 → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂 Shao shi wen jian lu 邵氏聞見錄, “records of Things Heard and Seen by Mr. Shao” [1] Northern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記) and encyclopedia. Written by → Shao Bowen 邵伯溫, but the work LSZ is quoting is actually the Wen jian hou lu 聞見後錄, “Later Records of Things Heard and Seen,” by Shao Bowen’s son Shao Bo 邵博 (DC 1157). This book, named after the father’s work, contains many fragmentary writings from the classics, histories, philosophical works, and collections, including material on medicine and pharmaceutics. LSZ takes a recipe by Zheng Shifu 鄭師甫 (→ Zheng Shifu fang 鄭師甫方) and some material on → Xia Ying gong 夏英公 from the Wen jian hou lu, erroneously citing the latter as from the Shao shi wen jian lu. He also does not list any of Shao’s works in his bibliographical sections, therefore this reference to the Shao shi wen jian lu is probably miscopied from another source. Shao yao pu 芍藥譜, “Peony Treatise” [1] Northern Song 宋 text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by Liu Ban 劉攽 (→ Liu Gongfu 劉貢父). DC 1073. 1 juan. The book describes 31 kinds of peonies grown in Yang zhou 揚州. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Shao yaofu 邵堯夫 (1012-1077) This is the style name of Shao Yong 邵雍, a Song 宋 dynasty philosopher and founder of the Neo-Confucianist icono-numerological school (xiang shu xue 象數學). Posthumous name Kangjie 康節. Originally from Fan yang 範陽, he moved to Gong cheng 共城, now Hui xian 輝縣 in He nan 河南, as a child. As an adult, he lived in seclusion at the Hundred Springs (bai yuan 百源) at Mount Su men 蘇門 and was therefore called Baiyuan xiansheng 白源先生, “Gentleman of the Hundred Springs.” Shao finally moved to Luo yang 洛陽, where he interacted with other thinkers like → Sima Guang 司馬光 or Lü Gongzhu 呂公著. He was the author of the → Huang ji jing shi shu 皇極經世書, the Yi chuan ji ran ji 伊川擊壤集, “Collection Produced while Living in Peace at the River Yi,” and other books. LSZ cites the Huang ji jing shi shu and lists a → Shao Yaofu ji 邵堯 夫集 in his bibliographical sections. He refers to Shao as Shao Yaofu [2] and as Shao zi 邵子, “Master Shao,” [1]. Shao Yaofu ji 邵堯夫集, “Collection of Shao yaofu” [1] Literary anthology. See bibliography of the BCGM. → Shao Yaofu 邵堯夫 is the Song 宋 philosopher and cosmologist Shao Yong 邵雍. There is a literary collection of Shao Yong, the Yi chuan ji rang ji 伊川擊壤集, “Collection Produced while Living in Peace at the River Yi,” AN Ji rang ji 擊壤集, “Collection Produced while Living in Peace,” but the verses cited by LSZ are not taken from that book. Rather, they have been taken from the Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” of Pan Zimu 潘自牧. It is Pan who refers to a Shao Yaofu ji correctly or incorrectly, and LSZ takes over the name in his bibliographical sections.

395 Shao yingjie 邵應節 [2] This is LSZ’s name for Shao Yuanjie 邵元節, a Ming 明 dynasty Daoist. A man of Gui xi 貴溪 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Shao was a priest of the Orthodox Unity (zheng yi 正一) Daoist current at the Shang qing gong 上清宮 monastery on mount Long hu 龍虎. In 1524 he received an invitation to go to the capital where he became famous for his exorcism and other Daoist ritual performances and was eventually conferred the title “perfected one” (zhenren 真人). LSZ calls him Shao Yingjie for reasons unknown. Shao yizheng 邵以正 (died 1462) Ming 明 dynasty Daoist and medical writer. A man of Gu su 姑蘇, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇, He was in charge of Daoist rituals in the capital during the zheng tong 正統 reign period (1436-1449). During the jing tai 景泰 reign period (1450-1456) he received the literary name Tongmiao zhenren 通妙 真人, “The Perfected One Who Penetrated the Miraculous,” hence being known as Shao zhenren 邵真人, “Shao the Perfected One.” His teacher was → Liu Changchun 劉長春, who had edited eight medical texts received from → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真. These texts were passed down to Shao Yizheng, who added his own Mi chuan jing yan fang 秘傳經驗方, “Secretly Transmitted Tried and Proven Recipes,” (→ Jing yan fang 經驗方 ) to produce the → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂. LSZ refers to Shao as Shao Yizhen [3], as Shao zhenren [17], and as Shao shi 邵氏, “Mr. Shao,” [6], citing the Qing nang za zuan itself or the Jing yan fang and → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方 contained in it. Shao zhenren 邵真人 → Shao Yizheng 邵以正 Shao zhenren fang 邵真人方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  Shao zhenren jing yan liang fang 邵真人經驗良方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  Shao zi 邵子 → Shao Yaofu 邵堯夫 She sheng fang 攝生方 → She sheng zhong miao fang 攝生衆妙方 She sheng miao yong fang 攝生妙用方 → She sheng zhong miao fang 攝生衆妙方 She sheng zhen lu 攝生真錄, “True record of How to Conserve Life” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book on life cultivation. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), biography of → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. Written by Sun Simiao (581-682). 1 juan. LSZ mentions the text in his bibliographical sections only. She sheng zhong miao fang 攝生衆妙方, “Many Miraculous recipes to Conserve Life” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by Zhang Shiche 張時徹. DC 1550. 11 juan. The text is divided into 47 categories with the appropriate recipes. LSZ quotes the book as She sheng zhong miao fang [8] in the main text but does not list this title in his bibliographical sections. Instead, he cites a She sheng miao yong fang 攝生妙用, “Miraculously Used Recipes to Conserve Life,” [4] in his bibliography and the main text, without indication of an author. He also frequently

396 refers to a She sheng fang 攝生方, “Recipes to Conserve Life,” [17], but whether the material cited under all these titles is from the same source remains to be verified. The author Zhang Shiche (born 1504) was a high official. Style name Weijing 維靜, literary name Dongsha 東沙, “Eastern Sand,” Zhiyuan zhuren 芝園主人, “Master of the Sesame Garden.” A man of Yin xian 鄞縣 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1523. Of bad health, he perceived a lack of effective recipes for himself and other sick people and thus began collecting recipes. Apart from the She sheng zhong miao fang, he was also the author of the → Ji jiu liang fang 急 救良方, a Shang han jin jing lu 傷寒金鏡錄, “Record of the Bronze Mirror of Harm Caused by Cold,” a She sheng zong lun 攝生總論, “General Discourse on Conserving Life,” and various literary collections. Shen 詵 → Meng Shen 孟詵 Shen Cunzhong 沈存中 → Shen Gua 沈括 Shen Cunzhong fang 沈存中方 → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方 Shen daogong 慎道恭 Northern Song 宋 person from the area of Jiang su 江蘇 and Zhe jiang 浙江. According to the → Yi shuo 醫説, he suffered from “rice conglomeration-illness” (mi jia 米瘕) from 963 to 967 but was eventually cured by a monk named → Daoguang 道廣 with a medication prepared from chicken droppings and white rice. LSZ takes this over in SE ji 雞 but erroneously renders his name Shen Gongdao 慎恭道 [1]. Shen Gongdao 慎恭道 → Shen Daogong 慎道恭 Shen Gua 沈括 (1031-1095) Northern Song 宋 high official and medical theorist. Style name Cunzhong 存 中, a man of Qian tang 錢瑭, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi during the jia you 嘉祐 reign period (1056-1063). He held various high posts including one at the Han lin 翰林 Academy, hence his nickname Shen Neihan 沈 内翰, “Shen of the Han [lin Academy].” Shen was the author of the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, a → Ling yuan fang 靈苑方, the → Liang fang 良方  (later integrated into the → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方), and other books. LSZ refers to him as Shen Gua [29], Shen Neihan [2], Shen Cunzhong 沈存中 [33], Shen shi 沈氏, “Mr. Shen” [9], and as Cunzhong [1]. Most of the references to one of Shen Gua’s names involve material from the Meng xi bi tan. Shen Huaiyuan 沈懷遠 [4] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty man from Wu xing 吳興 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. He held a regional post in Wu kang 武康 (now De qing 德清 in Zhe jiang) and was the author of the → Nan yue zhi 南越志. Shen Jiong 沈炯 (503-561) [1] Official and poet of the Liang 梁 and Chen 陳 dynasties. Style name Chuming 初明, a man of Wu kang 武康 in Wu xing 吳興, now De qing 德清 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He held high central posts under the Liang and Chen but returned to his home town in 561. LSZ attributes a statement on cheng liu 檉柳 to a fu 賦 writ-

397 ten by Shen, but the material quoted originates from a comment by the Tang 唐 author → Li Shan 李善  to the → Nan du fu 南都賦 of → Zhang Heng 張衡 and has nothing to do with Shen’s writings. Shen jun 神君, “divine Lord” [1] Name of an immortal. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 comments on the drug name tai yi yu liang 太一餘糧: “Tai yi 太一, the ‘Great Unity,’ is the revered origin of the Dao. Tai 太 means da 大‚ ‘great,’ yi 一, ‘one,’ is the Dao. The teacher of the great Dao is the master of transformation of Yu (Yu zhi li hua 禹之理化), Shen jun was the teacher of Yu. The teacher regularly ingested tai yi yu liang, thus the designation tai yi yu liang includes the expression “Great Unity’.” The Shen jun referred to here was obviously the legendary teacher of Yu the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹). LSZ cites this story in SE tai yi yu liang 太一餘糧, but he reads the characters li hua 理化 and Shen jun together, turning Shen jun’s name into Lihua shenjun 理化神君, ‘The Divine Lord Who Masters Transformation.” Shen Li 沈立 (1007-1078) [2] Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Lizhi 立之, a man of Li yang 歷陽 in He zhou 和州, now He xian 和縣 in An hui 安徽. He was a jin shi and held various local offices. Due to these, he had specialized knowledge on irrigation techniques and tea cultivation. Shen was the author of the → Hai tang ji 海棠記, which LSZ mixes up with the → Hai tang pu 海棠譜  of Chen Si 陳思. Shen mi fang 神秘方, “divine Secret recipes” [1] Title of a book cited by LSZ in SE wu yu 烏芋. The Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經 籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” lists a Shen xian fu shi shen mi fang 神仙服食神祕方, “Divine Secret Recipes for Ingesting Essences of the Divine Immortals,” in 2 juan, and the Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” a Fu shi shen mi fang 服食神秘 方, “Divine Secret Recipes for Ingesting Essences,” in 1 juan. Both texts are lost. The material LSZ cites from a Shen mi fang, however, is a purely medical recipe and has nothing to do with alchemy and ingesting essences. No medical book called Shen mi fang is listed in the standard bibliographical sources, and no such book is quoted by any other medical author of Ming 明 times or before. Shen Neihan 沈内翰 → Shen Gua 沈括 Shen nong 神農, “The divine Farmer” Legendary culture hero and founder of agriculture and pharmaceutics. The → Huai nan zi 淮南子 states that Shen nong “sampled the flavors of all herbs and the sweetness and bitterness of waters and springs. He had the people understand what to avoid and what to use. At that time, he encountered 70 poisonous [substances] a day.” Therefore some later materia medica literature is attributed to Shen nong, and his name is included into the titles of many pharmaceutical books. LSZ frequently refers to the divine farmer in connection with material from the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, and apart from that refers to him as Shen nong shi 神農氏, “Master Shen nong,” [2].

398 Shen nong 神農, “The divine Farmer”  [22] Name of a book, supposedly the original → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本 草經. LSZ refers to the old table of contents (jiu mu 舊目) of Shen nong, claiming this to be the original table of contents of the Shen nong ben cao jing. He also refers to a Shen nong written in vermillion (zhu shu 朱書), meaning red characters in early Shen nong ben cao jing manuscripts.

 [92] General term for pre-Han 漢 materia medica texts of unknown title and contents. These descriptions of drug properties, quoted by LSZ from the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草, differ from the contents of the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 and may originate from earlier texts distributed under the name of Shen nong. Shen nong ben cao 神農本草 → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, “The divine Farmer’s Classic of Materia Medica” Anonymous CMM. FE → Qi lu 七錄. Authorship uncertain, traditionally attributed to the legendary → Shen nong 神農 . DC presumably 1st/2nd centuries. Through the ages there were different opinions about the book’s date of compilation: Some considered it a work of the Warring States period to Qin 秦 and Western Han 漢; others, pointing out the occurrence of Eastern Han place names in the text, attributed it to physicians of late Eastern Han. Some commentators date it to the Han but claim that the book contains ancient pharmaceutical knowledge reaching back to the times of the legendary culture heroes. 4 juan (AV 3 juan). 365 drug descriptions, divided into three ranks of upper (shang 上), middle (zhong 中), and lower (xia 下) substances. After being edited by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 during the Southern Liang 梁 dynasty, the book circulated widely and was revered as the classic of materia medica. LSZ lists the table of contents of the Shen nong ben cao jing and without specifying his source merely states: “[...] I preserve this table of contents for reference to what was said in ancient times.” Before the Song 宋 dynasty, materia medica manuscripts quoted the original text in vermillion characters. Later, beginning with the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, it was quoted in printed texts using white characters on black. LSZ generally quotes the Shen nong ben cao jing from the → ZLBC, labeling his material with the complete title, abbreviated versions of the title, or alternative titles, such as Ben jing 本經, “Original Classic,” [c. 1354], as Jing 經, “Classic,” [11], as Shen nong ben jing 神農本經, “The Divine Farmer’s Original Classic,” [17], as Shen nong ben cao 神農本草, “The Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica,” [13], as Ben cao jing 本草 經, “Classic of Materia Medica,” [3], as Nong jing 農經, “The Farmer’s Classic,” [2], as Shen nong gu ben cao 神農古本草, “The Divine Farmer’s Ancient Materia Medica,” [1], or as the Shen nong shu 神農書, “The Divine Famer’s Book,” [1]. Two quotes labeled Shen nong jing 神農經, “Classic of the Divine Farmer,” derive from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and their original source remains uncertain. The term → Shen nong 神農   alone may refer either to the Shen nong ben cao jing or to other early materia medica texts.

399 Shen nong ben jing 神農本經→ Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 Shen nong gu ben cao 神農古本草 → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 Shen nong jing 神農經, “The divine Farmer’s Classic” [2] It remains uncertain which of the following two texts material labeled Shen nong jing might have been taken from:  → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經

 Early materia medica text, possibly entitled Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, “The Divine Farmer’s Classic of Materia Medica” as well. EE → Baopu zi 抱朴子 . The contents of LSZ’s two quotations are not found in the extant version of the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 but have been taken from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 instead. Shen nong shi 神農氏 → Shen nong 神農  Shen nong shi ji 神農食忌, “The divine Farmer’s dietary Prohibitions” [1] Anonymous text on dietary prohibitions. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections only. Shen nong shi jing 神農食經, “The divine Farmer’s Food Classic” [2] Anonymous pre-Tang 唐 cookbook. EE → Cha jing 茶經. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the Cha jing. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in the main text. Shen nong shu 神農書 → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 Shen nong yao jing 神農藥經, “The divine Farmer’s Classic of Pharmaceutical Substances” [1] Lost, anonymous CMM. EE → Baopu zi 抱朴子  (inner chapters). AN there Shen yao jing 神藥經, “Divine Classic of Pharmaceutical Substances.” DC before the Northern and Southern Dynasties period. Size uncertain. The → ZLBC cites the Baopu zi material, and LSZ takes this over in SE zhu 术. Shen Sengyi 沈僧翼 [1] Southern Qi 齊 person. He once suffered from an eye infliction, and frequently saw demonic things. → Xu Sibo 徐嗣伯 cured him, and LSZ cites this story in SE si ren zhen xi 死人枕席. Shen sheng 沈生, “Mr. Shen” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty man from Hang zhou 杭州. Personal name unknown. According to the → Chuo geng lu 輟耕錄, he once cut off his own genitals and later cured the bleeding by ingesting a powder prepared from the part cut off. LSZ relates this story in SE ren shi 人勢. Shen shi 沈氏 → Shen Gua 沈括 Shen shi 深師, “Master Shen” [11] Monk and medical expert from Liu Song 劉宋 and Qi 齊 during the Northern and Southern Dynasties reign period (LSZ dates him to Eastern Jin 晉). Further details about his life are unavailable. Apparently he was an expert in the treat-

400 ment of “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣) and the author of what became known as the → Shen shi fang 深師方, which included many recipes for leg diseases. Thus LSZ incorrectly makes Shen shi the author of the anonymous → Jiao qi lun 腳氣論, claiming that he is the same person as → Mei shi 梅師. Shen shi fang 深師方, “recipes of Master Shen” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. This is the Seng Shen yao fang 僧深藥方, “Medicinal Recipes of Monk Shen,” (FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書 經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui”). Written by a monk called Shen 深 (→ Shen shi 深師). DC 5th century. 30 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → TJBC, the ZLBC, and other books. LSZ does not list this title in his bibliographical sections but refers to a → Jiao qi lun 腳氣論 by Shen shi instead. In the main text of the BCGM, the Jiao qi lun is not referred to Shen shi again but to → Mei shi 梅師 (whom LSZ erroneously considers to be the same person), and the material associated with Shen shi is cited second hand from the ZLBC as Shen shi fang [14] or under Shen shi’s name alone [11]. Shen tianshi 申天師, “Shen the Celestial Master” [1] Daoist of Later Shu 蜀 during the Five Dynasties period. Personal name unknown. Legend has it that he was a grandson of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗. He resided at mount Qing cheng 青城. According to the → Ye ren xian hua 野人閑話, he wrote the Yi shen lun 怡神論, “Discourse on the Happy State of Mind,” which includes a method of ingesting apricot kernels. LSZ cites this in SE xing 杏. Shen Tu 神荼 [2] Legendary spirit of ancient times, brother of → Yu lei 鬱壘. The brothers were capable of subduing demons by examining them under a peach tree. If a demon caused misfortune, they would tie it up with reeds and feed it to a tiger. Therefore people in later times hung peachwood charms with the two spirits painted on them above their doors to guard their home against demons. LSZ refers to the brothers in connection with these stories. Shen xian fang 神仙方 → Xian fang 仙方  Shen xian fu shi fang 神仙服食方, “The divine Immortals’ recipes for Ingesting Essences” [2] Lost Northern and Southern Dynasties period Daoist book on life cultivation. Author and DC uncertain. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” 5 juan (AV 10 juan). The → TJBC quotes two fragments, and LSZ cites the work second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Shen xian fu shi jing 神仙服食經, “The divine Immortals’ Classic of Ingesting Essences” [2] Lost Daoist book on life cultivation. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” The Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐 書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Tang,” attributes a book of that name to an unidentifiable Jingli xiansheng 京里先生, “Gentleman Jing-

401 li.” DC probably Northern and Southern Dynasties period. 10 juan (AV 12 juan). Fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without naming an author. Shen xian gan ying pian 神仙感應篇, “divine Immortals’ Text on Interactions” [3] Five Dynasties period book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN originally Shen xian gan yu zhuan 神 仙感遇傳, “Stories of Encounters with Divine Immortals.” Compiled by → Du Guangting 杜光庭. The Southern Song 宋 Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” the → Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧, and other texts cite the book as Shen xian gan ying pian. LSZ takes this name over, listing the work in his bibliographical sections and quoting a recipe containing fireflies associated with → Wu Chengzi 務成子 in SE ying huo 螢火. Shen xian jiao zi fa 神仙教子法, “a divine Immortal’s Method for Bringing up Children” [1] A method to prevent seasonal illness, cited in the → ZLBC as from the → Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要. LSZ cites the same method in SE wu jing 蕪菁 but does not mention the Shang han lei yao as its origin. As the name Shen xian jiao zi fa is placed at the end of the prescription, it can easily be mistaken as the title of a book. Shen xian mi zhi 神仙秘旨, “Secret Instructions of divine Immortals” [2] Lost, anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC, but not mentioned in other sources. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the ZLBC. Shen xian zhi cao jing 神仙芝草經, “The divine Immortals’ Classic of Zhi-Herbs” [2] Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The ZLBC cites from this work from the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道 藏經), but the present Dao zang only contains a text called Tai shang ling bao zhi cao pin 太上靈寶芝草品, “The Highest Kinds of Zhi-Herbs of the Numinous Treasure.” This includes a Zhi cao tu xiang kao 芝草圖詳考, “Illustrations of ZhiHerbs Examined in Detail,” with similar material on zhi 芝 fungi for life cultivation, but whether this is the text referred to by the ZLBC remains uncertain. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the ZLBC. Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳, “Biographies of divine Immortals” [7] Jin 晉 dynasty collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” and → Jin shu 晉書, biography of → Ge Hong 葛洪. Written by Ge Hong. 10 juan. In compiling the book, Ge Hong sought to expand on the 70 immortals listed in the → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, collecting stories about 190 immortals from various sources. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in

402 the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 and other works. The various extant versions such as the Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” edition contain no more than half of the original book. The book was cited by the → ZLBC, but LSZ apparently took his quotations from some of the other sources. Shen xiansheng 申先生, “Gentleman Shen” Northern Song 宋 physician. Personal name unknown, a man of Tie weng cheng 鐵瓮城, now Zhen jiang 鎮江 in Jiang su 江蘇. The Northern Song man → Yu Tongfeng 俞通奉 is said to have received an “elixir of mutual interaction” (jiao gan dan 交感丹) from a Shen xiansheng 申先生 from Tie weng cheng, obviously a contemporary of Yu’s. LSZ mentions the jiao gan dan in SE sha cao xiang fu zi 莎草香附子 and elsewhere a “fine jade paste” (qiong yu gao 瓊玉膏), referring both recipes to the Tie weng cheng Shen xiansheng [3]. This seems to be correct, as is one reference to a Tie weng xiansheng 鐵瓮先生, “Gentleman of Tie weng,” [1] in a citation from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. However, in SE zhu 术 LSZ cites a jiao gan dan associated with the Tie weng cheng Shen xiansheng from the → Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄, but the Sheng ji zong lu has no such recipe. Also, in SE xuan jing shi 玄精石, LSZ erroneously attributes a “seven-day-cycle elixir” (lai fu dan 來復丹) to Tie weng Shen xiansheng 鐵瓮申先生, “Gentleman Shen of Tie weng,” [1], which is originally referred to a Tie weng cheng ba jiao gui xiansheng 鐵瓮城八角桂先生, “The Aniseed and Cassia Gentleman of Tie weng City,” in the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方. Shen xiao fang 神效方, “divinely Effective recipes” [1] Source of pharmaceutical recipes erroneously cited by LSZ in SE hu 虎. The recipe there originates from the → ZLBC where it is quoted from a → Ji yan fang 集驗方 . Shen yi ji 神異記, “records of deities and Extraordinary Things” [1] Lost collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Attributed there to one Wang Fu 王 浮, who may have been a man of Western Jin 晉. The book was frequently cited before Tang 唐 times, and some considered it a work of → Dongfang Shuo 東方 朔. 1 juan. LSZ lists the text in his bibliographical sections but does not use it in his main text, so the source of his reference remains uncertain. Shen yi jing 神異經, “Classic of deities and Extraordinary Things” [8] Collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Traditionally attributed to the Han 漢 scholar → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔, annotations attributed to → Zhang Hua 張華 of Jin 晉, but the text is probably a counterfeit work of the Six Dynasties period, and the attribution of annotations is also false. 1 juan, 47 chapters. The book imitates the → Shan hai jing 山海經 in style, describing supernatural beings and extraordinary things in connection with geographical locations. Only part of the text is still extant, and one fragment is quoted in the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, following the traditional attribution to Dongfang Shuo. His material,

403 however, is not taken from the ZLBC, but from the incomplete surviving version of the text. Shen yi pu jiu fang 神醫普救方, “recipes of divine Physicians for universal relief ” [2] Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文 略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by Jia Huangzhong 賈黃中. DC 981-986. 1000 juan, table of contents 10 juan. The book was a compendium of recipes from the period of early Northern Song and before. The → TJBC cites a single fragment, which is taken over by LSZ in his main text. He lists the book in his bibliographical sections but also refers to a → Pu jiu fang 普 救方 there, thus giving the book a double entry. The author Jia Huangzhong (941-996) was a Northern Song high official. Style name Wamin 媧民 in Lun zhou 淪州, now part of He bei 河北. He passed the jin shi examinations at the age of 15 and eventually rose to the post of Vice Minister of Rites (li bu shi lang 禮部侍郎). Shen yin 神隱 → Shen yin shu 神隱書 Shen yin shu 神隱書, “Book on divine Hidden Things” Book on life cultivation. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Shen yin 神隱, “Divine and Hidden Things.” Written by Zhu Quan 朱權 (→ Ning Xian wang 寧獻王, literary name Quxian 臞仙). DC c. 1403-1424. 2 juan (AV 4 juan). The text is divided into 41 chapters detailing immortals’ methods for taking alchemical pills, their diet, methods of storing food, fermentation, and pest control, etc. LSZ cites the book as Shen yin shu [8] and as Shen yin [4]. Shen ying 沈瑩 (died 280) [2] High official of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. He was governor (tai shou 太守) of Dan yang 丹陽 and author of the Lin hai shui tu yi wu zhi 臨海水 土異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Waters and Lands of Lin hai,” (→ Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志). Shen yizhai 申一齋 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. A man of Dong chang 東昌, now Liao cheng 聊城 in Shan dong 山東. Details about his life are unavailable. The late Ming 明 → Zhu zheng bian yi 諸證辨疑 lists his recipe to cure “obstruction- and impediment-illness” (yong ju 癰疽), and LSZ takes this over in SE gan jiang 乾薑. Shen yu 神禹 → Da Yu 大禹 Shen yue 沈約 (441-513) [2] Liang 梁 dynasty literatus. Style name Xiuwen 休文, a man of Wu kang 武康 in Wu xing 吳興, in the west of present-day De qing 德清 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Shen served the Liu Song 劉宋 and Qi 齊 dynasties before he assisted → Liang Wu di 梁武帝 in gaining power. He held various posts after that, rising to be Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu ling 尚書令). Together with Zhou Yong 周顒, Shen developed a set of new rules for poetry, the “four tones and eight defects” (si sheng ba bing 四聲八病), which had great influence on the transfor-

404 mation of ancient-style poetry (gu ti shi 古體詩) to regulated verse (lü shi 律詩). He also produced a → Song shu 宋書 based upon the works of earlier historians. Shen Zhou 沈周 (1427-1509) [1] Ming 明 dynasty painter. Style name Qi’nan 啟南, literary name Shitian 石田, “Stony Field.” A man of Chang zhou 長洲, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Not interested in testing for a jin shi degree, he became an expert in poetry and painting. The Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming,” has his biography. A posthumous collection of his work, the Shitian za ji 石田雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of [Shen] Shitian,” (→ Za ji 雜記) is cited by LSZ in SE gou 狗. Shen zong 神宗 (1048-1085) [1] This is Zhao Ye 趙頁, emperor of the Song 宋, r. 1067-1085. In SE huang tu 黃 土, LSZ relates the story of his son, the → Yi guo gong 儀國公, being cured of clonic convulsions (chi zong 瘛疭) by → Qian Yi 錢乙. Sheng Chong 盛冲 → Sheng Yan 盛彥 Sheng fang zong lu 聖方總錄, “General record of Sagely recipes” [1] Erroneous name for a medical recipe collection. The recipe cited in the main text is actually from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which refers to the → Zhi nan fang 指 南方 as its source. Sheng Hongzhi 盛弘之 [5] Man of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty. Due to a naming taboo, he is also written Hong 洪 or Hong 宏. He served the prince of Lin chuan 臨川 and was the author of the → Jing zhou ji 荊州記. Sheng hua jing 聖化經 → Ba di sheng hua jing 八帝聖化經 Sheng hui 聖惠 → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 Sheng hui fang 聖惠方 → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 Sheng ji 聖濟, “Sagely Benefaction”  [3] → Sheng ji jing 聖濟經

 [10] → Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄 Sheng ji fang 聖濟方 → Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄 Sheng ji jing 聖濟經, “Classic of Sagely Benefaction” Medical theory book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled under the aegis of Zhao Ji 趙佶 (→ Song Hui zong 宋徽宗), whom the book is commonly attributed to, by → Cao Xiaozhong 曹孝忠 and others. DC published 1118. 10 juan, 42 chapters. The book was intended as a textbook for medical education, focusing on topics like the connection of humans with heaven, the doctrine of the “five periods and six qi” (wu yun liu qi 五運六氣), physiology, life cultivation, and pharmacological principles. LSZ quotes the text as Sheng ji jing [4] and, in SE ren gui 人傀, as Sheng ji 聖濟, “Sagely Benefaction,” [3].

405 Sheng ji lu 聖濟錄 → Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄 Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄, “General records of Sagely Benefaction” Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” AN Zheng he sheng ji zong lu 政 和聖濟總錄, “General Records of Sagely Benefaction of the Zheng he Reign Period.” DC late zheng he 政和 reign period (1111-1117). 200 juan. Compiled at imperial order by officials of the medical bureau (sheng ji dian 聖濟殿), thus the title. The book is divided into 66 chapters arranged by disease, each chapter containing a discussion and recipes, approximately 20.000 recipes in all. The book was not disseminated during Southern Song times but was reprinted during the Yuan 元 dynasty. LSZ used the work extensively, quoting the text as Sheng ji zong lu [243], as Sheng ji lu 聖濟錄, “Records of Sagely Benefaction,” [141], as Zong lu 總錄, “General Records,” [60], as Sheng ji fang 聖濟方, “Recipes of Sagely Benefaction,” [8], and as Zong lu fang 總錄方, “Recipe from the General Records,” [1]. Note that three references to a Sheng ji 聖濟, “Sagely Benefaction,” in SE ren gui 人傀 are to the → Sheng ji jing 聖濟經 while the remaining Sheng ji [10] references are to the Sheng ji zong lu. In addition, the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM refers to a → Sheng fang zong lu 聖方總錄, which some regard as the Sheng ji zong lu. However, the recipe cited is actually from the → Pu ji fang 普濟 方, which refers to the → Zhi nan fang 指南方 as its source. Sheng jin 勝金 → Sheng jin fang 勝金方 Sheng jin fang 勝金方, “recipes Worth More than Gold” Anonymous medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” DC Northern Song 宋 or earlier. 1 juan. The original book is lost, but many recipes are preserved in the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the work second hand, referring to it as Sheng jin fang [34] and as Sheng jin 勝金, “Worth More than Gold,” [6]. Sheng lan 勝覽, “Overall Survey” [1] Title of a book. LSZ cites a fragment from a Sheng lan in SE lin she 鱗蛇 and apparently regards the → Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽 as his source. However, neither the Fang yu sheng lan nor the → Xing cha sheng lan 星槎勝覽 include the information he is citing. The → Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志, in comparison, which LSZ refers to as well, contains very similar material, so LSZ may have been in error about a Sheng lan as his source. Sheng lian dan yao mi jue 昇煉丹藥秘訣, “Secret Instructions for the Sublimation of Cinnabar Medicinals” Daoist alchemical text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Hu Yan 胡演. Further details are unavailable. LSZ cites the book as Sheng lian dan yao mi jue [1], as Dan yao mi jue 丹藥秘訣, “Secret Instructions for Cinnabar Medicinals,” [3], and as the Sheng lian fang 昇煉方, “Recipes of Sublimation.” [1]. He also uses the name of the author, Hu Yan [6], in connection with the title or alone to stand for the book.

406 Sheng lian fang 昇煉方 → Sheng lian dan yao mi jue 昇煉丹藥秘訣 Sheng sheng bian 生生編, “Compilation for Engendering Life” Anonymous medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Further details are unavailable. The book is not listed in any other bibliography nor is it cited anywhere else. LSZ seems to be the only one to have quoted extensively from the text, referring to it as Sheng sheng bian [41] and as Sheng sheng fang 生生方, “Recipes for Engendering Life,” [2]. Sheng sheng fang 生生方 → Sheng sheng bian 生生編 Sheng xiao lun 生肖論, “discourses on Birth Signs” [1] Treatises on the twelve animals symbolizing the year a person was born in. The → Caomu zi 草木子 states: “The experts of this technique associated twelve animals with the twelve Earthly Branches. Each of the animals has an incomplete physical appearance. For example, […] the dragon has no ears.” Other texts say that “the twelve animals are incomplete things,” and that among them “the dragon is deficient in hearing.” And finally, the Yi lin 易林 , “Forest of Changes,” of Jiao Gan 焦贛 states: “Ox and dragon are deaf.” LSZ’s Sheng xiao lun citation in SE long 龍 appears to be a general reference to these statements. Sheng Xuanzi 昇玄子 [3] Song 宋 or pre-Song person, sometimes written Sheng Xuanzi 升玄子. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of the Zao hua fu gong tu 造化伏汞圖, “Illustrations of How to Create Subdued Mercury,” (→ Fu gong tu 伏汞圖) listed in the Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises,” and cited in the → Xixi cong hua 西溪叢話. Sheng yan 盛彥 (3rd century) Official of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Wengzi 翁 子, a man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇, held high posts in the central government. Died during the tai kang 太康 reign period (280-289). The → Jin shu 晋書 records a story about his mother, who suffered from blindness but was cured by ingesting grubs. The → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Chen Rihua 陳日華 reproduces the story, and so did many books after that, some erroneously rendering his name Sheng Chong 盛冲 [1]. LSZ takes over this mistake when citing the story second hand in SE qi cao 蠐螬. Shengzhi 省之 → Wang Ji 汪機 Shenji dashi 神濟大師, “Great Master of divine assistance” [1] Song 宋 dynasty Buddhist monk. Resided in Kun shan 昆山. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he possessed a recipe to cure palpitation and spontaneous sweating. LSZ relates this in SE ren shen 人參. Shentu Xingfu 申屠行輔 [1] Southern Song 宋 person, assistant to a local official in Qing liu 清流 county (now part of Fu jian 福建). The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 gives his name as Shentu Xingfu 申屠行父. His daughter-in-law was cured by → Su Taoguang 蘇 韜光. LSZ cites this in SE ren shen 人參.

407 Shenwei 慎微 → Tang Shenwei 唐慎微 Shi 詩 → Shi jing 詩經 Shi ben 世本, “The Origins of Generations” [3] Lost Warring States period genealogical book. Written by an unknown contemporary historiographer. The book details family names, genealogies, settlements, and activities of lords and officials, claiming that it covers a period starting from the time of the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ) down to the author’s time. The book was already lost in Song 宋 times, but LSZ cites it second hand. The source of his citations is uncertain. Shi bian 十便 → Shi bian liang fang 十便良方 Shi bian fang 十便方 → Shi bian liang fang 十便良方 Shi bian liang fang 十便良方, “Very Convenient and Good recipes” Medical recipe book. EE Bao qing ben cao zhe zhong 寶慶本草折衷, “The Weighing of Opinions in the Bao qing Period Materia Medica,” (1248) of Chen Yan 陳 衍. Two versions are mentioned there, the Jin shi shi bian liang fang 近時十便良 方, “Very Convenient and Good Recipes of Recent Times,” and the Bei quan gu jin shi bian liang fang 備全古今十便良方, “Complete [Collection of ] Old and New Very Convenient and Good Recipes.” Written by Guo Tan 郭坦. DC 1195. 40 juan. The book was based on the Da yan fang 大衍方, “Widespread Recipes,” of Sun Shaoyuan 孫紹遠. To begin with, it lists 64 commonly used pharmaceutical substances, which are followed by more than 2000 recipes organized by disease. The book was rare even in ancient times, and today only a fragmentary edition survives. It was quoted extensively by the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, from which LSZ took his material. Without referring to the author anywhere, he quotes the book as Shi bian liang fang [33], as Shi bian 十便, “Very Convenient,” and as Shi bian fang 十便方, “Very Convenient Recipes,” [1]. The author Guo Tan was a Southern Song 宋 physician. Style name Lüdao 履 道, a man of Fen yang 汾陽 in present-day Shan xi 山西. He was disabled by disease for twenty years and apparently tried out many medicinals on himself, investigating the effects of recipes on various pathological conditions. Shi Cangyong 石藏用 Northern Song 宋 physician. His given name (AV his style name) was Yongzhi 用之, a man of Shu 蜀, now Si chuan 四川. During the late Northern Song, he peddled his medical skills in the capital and became very famous. Shi preferred to use drugs with a hot thermo-quality and was known for his accurate diagnostic skills. Song authors of brush note literature (bi ji 筆記) frequently mention him. According to the → Yi shuo 醫説, he once cured a patient of an unusual disase called “hidden dragon” (long fu cang 龍伏藏). LSZ refers to him as Shi Cangyong [1] and Cangyong 藏用 [2] in SE jiang lang 蜣螂.

408 Shi cao 釋草 → Er ya 爾雅 Shi Chong 石崇 (249-300) [1] Western Jin 晉 official from a powerful and wealthy family. Style name Jilun 季 倫. LSZ refers to him in connection with an unusually large coral in SE shan hu 珊瑚. Shi dian 釋典, “Buddhist Scriptures” [1] General designation for Buddhist canonical writings, that is, sutras, shastras, etc. LSZ cites material on the dragon from such a text in SE long 龍. Shi Er 實毦 → Yao Qu 瑤眊 Shi gu feng 詩谷風 → Shi jing 詩經 Shi hai wen shan 事海文山, “Ocean of Events and Mountain of Literature” [2] Anonymous book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The work is not listed in any of the standard bibliographies and was apparently not used by other writers. DC possibly Ming 明. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Shi Hanqing 施漢卿 [1] Southern Song 宋 physician, served as an assistant local official in E zhou 鄂州, the present-day E zhou and a strip of Chi bi 赤壁. Nothing else is known about him. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 records a recipe associated with him, and LSZ takes this over in SE ren shen 人參. Shi hua 詩話, “Poetry Talks” [1] Uncertain reference to either the → Gu jin shi hua 古今詩話, the → Cai shi shi hua 蔡氏詩話, or to any other poetry talks. Shi huang 始皇 → Qin shi huang 秦始皇 Shi Huixiang 釋慧祥 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty monk, fl. 7th century. Author of the Gu qing liang zhuan 古清 涼傳, “Accounts from the Ancient Clear and Cool [Mountain]” (→ Qing liang zhuan 清涼傳). Shi ji 十劑 → Ben cao shi ji 本草十劑 Shi ji 史記, “records of the Grand Scribe” China’s first dynastic history written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳 體). FE → Qi lu 七錄. Written by → Sima Qian 司馬遷. DC c. 104-91 BCE. 130 chapters. The text describes the history of China in some detail, from the time of the mythical culture heroes down to the time of → Han Wu di 漢武帝 (r. 140-87 BCE), covering the span of 3000 years and containing abundant mythological and historical material. LSZ cites the text as Shi ji [22] and in addition refers to individual sections, i.e., to the Cang gong zhuan 倉公傳, “Biography of the Lord of the Granary,” [1] or → Chunyu Yi zhuan 淳於意傳 [1], to the Gui ce zhuan 龜 策傳, “Biographies of Diviners,” [3], and to the Huo zhi zhuan 貨殖傳, “Biographies of Usurers,” [1]. LSZ also quotes the → Shang lin fu 上林賦 and the → Zi xu fu 子虛賦 of → Sima Xiangru 司馬相如 [1] from the Shi ji.

409 Shi jian 食鑒 → Shi jian ben cao 食鑒本草 Shi jian 詩箋, “annotations to the Book of Songs” [1] Han 漢 dynasty commentary on the → Shi jing 詩經. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋 書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Mao shi jian 毛詩箋, “Annotations to the Mao Book of Songs.” Written by → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄. 20 juan. For his commentary, Zheng used the → Mao shi 毛詩 as his basis and combined it with the three new text (jin wen 今文) versions of the Shi jing. Shi jian ben cao 食鑒本草, “Materia Medica of the Food Mirror” Book on dietary therapy. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Ning Yuan 寧源. DC jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1566). 2 juan. The text provides a brief survey of more than 100 consumable items and their effects, referring to discourses and recipes of previous writers and adding explanations in between. LSZ did not think highly of the originality of the work but still cited it frequently. He refers to the text as Shi jian ben cao [9], as Shi jian 食鑒, “Food Mirror,” [18], and by various, not always correct forms of the author’s name, i.e., Ning Yuan 寧原 [30], Ning Yuan 寧源 [12], Yuan 原 [9], and Yuan 源 [4]. Shi jing 詩經, “Book of Songs” Confucian classic, China’s first anthology on poems and songs. DC Spring and Autumn period. 305 chapters, divided into three parts called Feng 風, “Airs,”, Ya 雅, “Odes,” and Song 頌, “Hymns.” Abundant in its contents, the Shi jing reflects the life of the early Zhou 周 dynasty down to the Spring and Autumn period, touching upon ancient knowledge about wildlife, plants, and medicinals. During Han 漢 times, there were four versions of the Shi jing, the Lu 魯, Qi 齊, Han 韓 (→ Han shi 韓詩, → Han shi wai zhuan 韓詩外傳), and Mao 毛 (→ Mao shi 毛詩) versions. The former three were written in the modern chancery script style (li shu 隸書) and were therefore considered new texts (jin wen 今文). After the Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 dynasties they were gradually disregarded and are now lost, while the Mao shi, an important text for the old text (gu wen 古文) literary movement, still survives. When LSZ refers to the text as Shi jing [11], Shi 詩, “Songs,” [84] or Mao shi [8], then this is always to the old text tradition. One of the texts he apparently used as a source was the Mao shi zheng yi 毛詩正義, “Correct Meanings of the Mao Book of Songs,” (→ Shi shu 詩疏 ) of → Kong Yingda 孔穎達. He also cites specific parts of the Shi jing and individual poems, i.e., the Shi Yong feng 詩鄘風, “Airs of Yong from the Shi jing,” [1], the Shi xiao ya 詩小雅, “Lesser Odes from the Shi jing,” [5], the Xiao ya 小雅, “Lesser Odes,” [1], the Shi gu feng 詩谷風, “[Ode on the Decade of ] Valley Wind from the Shi jing,” [1], the Shi Tang feng 詩唐風, “Airs of Tang from the Shi jing,” [3], the Qin feng 秦風, “Airs of Qin,” [1], the Zhou song 周頌, “Hymns of Zhou,” [1], the Dang shi 蕩詩, “Songs on [the Decade of ] Dang,” [1], the Bin shi 豳詩, “Songs of Bin,” [1] or Bin feng 豳風, “Airs of Bin,” [4], the Zhou nan shi 周南詩, “Songs of Southern Zhou,” [2] or Zhou nan 周南, “Southern Zhou,” [2], the Zheng feng shi 鄭風詩, “Airs and Songs of Zheng,” [1] or Zheng shi 鄭詩, “Songs of Zheng,” [1], and the Wei shi 魏詩, “Songs of Wei,” [1]. Note that the term → Tang shi 唐詩 designates

410 poetry from the Tang dynasty and the title → Shi yi wen 詩義問 refers to a 3rd century commentary on the Mao shi and not the original text. Shi jing 食經, “Food Classic” Treatise on food. Quotations in the main text are taken from the first text only.

 [7] Lost Northern Wei 魏 text. Written by → Cui Hao 崔浩. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” 9 juan. Fragments are quoted in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術. LSZ mentions the Shi jing of Cui Hao in the → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草 entry in his bibliographical sections and cites material from it second hand from the Qi min yao shu in the main text. He does not, however, label his quotations with Cui’s name explicitly.

 [1] Lost Tang 唐 or pre-Tang text. Written by → Zhu Xuan 竺暄. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” 4 juan, another one in 10 juan. LSZ mentions the 10 juan version in the → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text.  [2] Attributed to an unidentifiable Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li,” in → Li shi shi jing 李氏食經  [1] Attributed to the Prince of Huai nan (→ Liu An 劉安) in → Huai nan wang shi jing 淮南王食經

 [2] Part of the title of the → Shen nong shi jing 神農食經 Shi jing zhu shu 詩經注疏, “annotations and Commentary to the Book of Songs” [1] General term for annotated editions of the → Shi jing 詩經. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections, referring to annotations by → Kong Yingda 孔穎 達 and → Mao Chang 毛萇. Shi Kan 史堪 Northern Song 宋 medical expert, fl. 11th and 12th centuries. Style name Zaizhi 載之, a man of Mei zhou 眉州, now Mei xian 眉縣 in Si chuan 四川. He was renowned for his Confucian scholarship but was also well-versed in medicine. Author of the → Zhi nan fang 指南方 and the Shi Zaizhi fang 史載之方, “Recipes of Shi Zaizhi.” LSZ cites the former work, possibly second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. LSZ refers to him as Shi Kan [1] and Shi Zaizhi 史載之 [1]. Shi Kangzu 時康祖 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Served in Guang de 廣德 and Zhen jiang 鎮江. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 as quoted in the → Yi shuo 醫説, he had suffered from “heart leakage” (xin lou 心漏) for 20 years when in 1177 he at last followed an advice by → Han Ziwen 韓子溫 to make use of a recipe listed in the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 and was cured. LSZ cites this in SE fu zi 附子.

411 Shi Kuang 師曠 [9] Musician from the state of Jin 晉 during the Spring and Autumn period. Style name Ziye 子野. Blind from birth, he was considered an expert at playing the qin 琴 and differentiating sounds. He is attributed the → Qin jing 禽經, which was probably forged on the basis of material in the Northern Song → Zi shuo 字 説. LSZ, however, believes the traditional attribution, referring to Shi Kuang in connection with material from the Qin jing. Shi lei fu 事類賦, “rhapsodies on Categorized Matters” [2] Northern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Wu Shu 吳淑. 30 juan, 14 parts (bu 部). Each part covers one topic such as food and beverages, birds, quadrupeds, herbs, trees, fruit, scaly animals, or worms/bugs. These are divided into 100 subsections, each section covering one object and working the material into a fu 賦 poem. These fu include figures of speech and literary allusions relevant to the subject treated, adding annotations with careful explanations and references to the sources the author used. The author participated in the compilation of a number of official encyclopedias during early Song times, thus his Shi lei fu is particularly rich in content. Even though LSZ only refers directly to the work once in his bibliographical sections and once in the main text, he may also have used the work as a source for second hand quotations from lost books. Shi lei he bi 事類合璧 → Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧 Shi liao 食療 → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草 Shi liao ben cao 食療本草, “Materia Medica of dietary Therapy” Materia dietetica. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Meng Shen 孟詵, supplemented by → Zhang Ding 張鼎. DC c. 713-739. 3 juan, 227 entries (including Zhang Ding’s additions). Meng’s original book was entitled Bu yang fang 補養 方, “Recipes for Supplementation and Nourishment.” The Shi liao ben cao is partially preserved in a large fragment found in Dun huang 敦煌, from which the basic structure of the book can be determined. The additions by Zhang Ding are clearly indicated in the surviving text. The book records various foodstuffs with dual use as food and medicine, discussing qualities, effects, prohibitions, and associated recipes. It also describes their appearance, production areas, and processing methods. The book was frequently quoted by Tang 唐 and Song 宋 medical books, especially by the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 and the → ZLBC, which labels its quotations Shi liao yun 食療云, “The [Materia Medica of ] Dietary Therapy says,” and material on newly added substances → Shi liao yu 食療 餘. The Japanese Ishimpō 醫心方, “Medical Core Recipes,” also preserves many fragments. The BCGM quotes material of different origins second hand from the ZLBC, quoting the work as Shi liao ben cao [48], as Shi liao 食療, “Dietary Therapy,” [99], as Shi liao fang 食療方, “Recipes for Dietary Therapy,” [1], and as Meng Shen ben cao 孟詵本草, “Materia Medica of Meng Shen,” [4]. More often, however, LSZ

412 labels material from the book with the author’s name alone, referring to Meng as Meng Shen [337], Shen 詵 [229], Meng shi 孟氏, “Mr. Meng” [4]. Zhang Ding’s additions are referred to as Zhang Ding [18] or Ding 鼎 [11], and there is one mention of the Shi liao yu [1]. Shi liao fang 食療方 → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草 Shi liao yu 食療餘, “additional Material on dietary Therapy” [1] Designation for a certain type of material from the → Shi liao ben cao 食療本 草. The → ZLBC refers to newly added foodstuffs by this designation, meaning material not found in previous ben cao literature. The convention was taken over by the BCGM. Shi lin guang ji 事林廣記, “Extensive records from the Forest of Matters” Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. Written by → Chen Yuanliang 陳元靚. DC late Southern Song. 10 juan (AV 12 juan, 42 juan). Content is of a largely popular nature focusing on contemporary daily life and everyday objects. Much of what LSZ quotes from the work has to do with bleeding, toxins, and common diseases. He refers to the text as Shi lin guang ji [23] and Guang ji 廣記, “Extensive Records,” [8]. Shi liu guo chun qiu 十六國春秋, “Spring and autumn annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms” Northern Wei 魏 historical text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Cui Hong 崔鴻. DC 6th century. 100 juan. The book records the history of the sixteen states that existed in the North during the Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty (317-419). Each state is given its own section called “annals” (lu 錄), e.g., Qian Liang lu 前 涼錄, “Annals of Former Liang.” The original text was lost by Northern Song 宋 times, but fragments were preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and were re-edited as a separate book in the Ming 明 era. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections. He does, however, cite a Shi liu guo shi 十六國史, “History of the Sixteen Kingdoms,” [1] when giving the alternative name ji xiao 鷄鴞 for xiao 鴞, owl, in his main text. In the same entry he cites this alternative name from the Qian Liang lu [1], hence Shi liu guo shi must be an erroneous name for the Shi liu guo chun qiu. The Qian Liang lu passage is quoted second hand from the Tai ping yu lan, but the original name of the owl, written chi xiao 鴟鴞, was changed to ji xiao 鷄鴞 by LSZ in SE xiao 鴞. Shi liu guo shi 十六國史 → Shi liu guo chun qiu 十六國春秋 Shi Liu qiu lu 使琉球錄, “record of an Embassy to the ryukyu Kingdom” [1] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Si ku quan shu zong mu 四庫全書總目, “General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” but LSZ already mentions the title in SE jiu 酒. In 1532, Chen Kan 陳侃, Gao Cheng 高澄, and others received orders to travel to the Ryukyu 琉球 kingdom to confirm the King of Ryukyu, Sho Sei 尚清, as Zhong shan wang 中山王, “King of Chuzan.” Chen Kan recorded the events of this journey in 1534 to produce a Shi Liu qiu lu in 1 juan. In 1558, Guo Shilin 郭世霖 was ordered to travel to the is-

413 lands to confer the title Zhong shan wang to the new king Sho Gen 尚元. Based on the earlier account of Chen Kan, Guo compiled a Shi Liu qiu lu in 2 juan. Finally, in 1579, Xiao Chongye 蕭崇業 and Xie Jie 謝杰 were sent to the kingdom to confirm Sho Ei 尚永 as the King of Chuzan. Thus, by the time of publication of the BCGM, there were three books titled Shi Liu qiu lu. Chen Kan’s book was later incorporated into the Ji lu hui bian 紀錄彙編, “Compilation of Records,” of Shen Jiefu 沈節甫 in an abridged version, and all later facsimile editions are based on this text. Guo Shilin’s book did not survive as a separate volume, but Xiao Chongye’s book, still extant, includes the works of both Chen and Guo. Xiao supplemented his predecessors’ texts with a variety of his own materials and was very clear about indicating his sources. The material LSZ cites can be found in juan 1 of Xiao’s book and goes back to a Cao zhou ji 操舟記, “Record of Steering a Boat,” of Gao Cheng. Shi Min 石旻 Tang 唐 period itinerant specialist of occult arts, died approx. hui chang 會昌 reign period (841-846). Nicknamed Shi Min shanren 石旻山人, “Hermit Shi Min.” The → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 relates Shi Min’s magical abilities, and the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 cites one of his recipes. LSZ takes this over in SE mang xiao 芒消 but erroneously calls him Wang Min shanren 王旻山人, “Hermit Wang Min,” [1]. Shi ming 釋名, “Explanation of Names” [26] Eastern Han 漢 lexicographical text. Written by → Liu Xi 劉熙. 27 chapters divided into 8 juan. The book imitates the → Er ya 爾雅 but, heavily influenced by the concept of “rectifying names” (zheng ming 正名), it exclusively uses a phonological classification system (yin xun 音訓) in order to explain the meanings of characters and the origins of the names of things. It is therefore of great value for the study of ancient pronunciation, semantics, and etymology. Shi mu 釋木 → Er ya 爾雅 Shi pu 食譜, “Treatise on Food” [1] Pre-Tang 唐 book. Quoted in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 without indication of an author. Further details unavailable. Shi qie fu 石蜐賦 → Jiang Yan ji 江淹集 Shi quan bo ji 十全博濟 → Shi quan bo jiu fang 十全博救方 Shi quan bo jiu fang 十全博救方, “Perfect recipes for Extensive relief ” Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文 略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by the official Liu Fu 劉甫 (fl. c. 11th century, further details unavailable). 1 juan. Fragments are quoted by the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the work second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text without naming an author. He refers to the text as Shi quan bo jiu fang [7] and incorrectly as Shi quan bo ji 十全博濟, “Perfect [Recipes] for Extensive Benefit.” There are also references to a → Shi quan fang 十全方 and a → Xu shi quan fang 續十全方, but whether these stand in any connection to the Shi quan bo jiu fang is uncertain.

414 Shi quan fang 十全方, “Perfect Recipes” Lost medical recipe book. EE → ZLBC. DC and authorship uncertain. The title may be an abbreviation for the Northern Song 宋 → Shi quan bo jiu fang 十 全博救方 of Liu Fu 劉甫. Some recipes are preserved in the ZLBC, and LSZ cites these second hand as Shi quan fang [2] in his main text, without mentioning a text of that name in his bibliographical sections. In SE gao liang jiang 高 良薑 he mixes up titles and incorrectly refers a recipe from the Shi quan fang to the Qian jin fang 千金方, “Recipes Worth a Thousand in Gold,” (→ Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方). Shi quan gong 石泉公 → Wang Fangqing 王方慶 Shi shao qing 施少卿, “Shi the Minor Official” [1] Southern Song 宋 local official in Qi zhou 蘄州, now Qi chun 蘄春 in Hu bei 湖北. He was in possession of a recipe to treat difficult births that was passed on to him by → Xu tai cheng 徐太丞. LSZ cites this in SE xun lu xiang 薰陸香. Shi shi 釋氏, “Buddhist People” General designation for Buddhist monks. Shi 釋 is an abbreviation of Shijiamuni 釋迦牟尼, the Sanskrit Shakyamuni. It is used in designations related to Buddhism such as Shi shi 釋氏 [2] and Shi zi 釋子, “Buddhist Masters,” [2], Shi dian 釋典 for Buddhist canons, etc. From Eastern Jin 晉 times on, Han-Chinese monks and nuns sometimes adopted Shi as their surname. Shi shou 釋獸 → Er ya 爾雅 Shi shu 詩疏, “Commentary to the Shi jing” Annotated editions of the → Shi jing 詩經. If not labeled with the name of an author [28], it remains uncertain which commentary LSZ is referring to.  [1] Attributed to → Mao Chang 毛萇, this is the Mao shi zhuan jian 毛詩傳 箋, “Commentary to the Mao Book of Songs,” by → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄, an Eastern Han 漢 commentary to the → Mao shi 毛詩.

 [37] Attributed to → Lu Ji 陸機, this is the Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Worms/Bugs, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs” (→ Shi yi shu 詩義疏).  [1] Attributed to → Kong Yingda 孔穎達, this is the Mao shi zheng yi 毛詩正 義, “Correct Meanings of the Mao Book of Songs.” FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊 唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by Kong Yingda and others. DC Tang 唐. 40 juan. The book expounds on the → Mao shi 毛詩 and the corresponding annotations by Zheng Xuan, assembling studies on the Shi jing from the Wei 魏, Jin 晉, and Northern and Southern dynasties. It was later integrated into the collection Shi san jing zhu shu 十三經注 疏, “Annotations and Commentaries to the Thirteen Classics.” LSZ does not list the Mao shi zheng yi itself but uses the general term → Shi jing zhu shu 詩經注 疏 in his bibliographical sections to refer to annotated editions of the Shi jing by Kong Yingda and Mao Chang. In the main text, material labeled Shi shu by Kong Yingda is taken from this book.

415 Shi shuo 世説, “Tales of the World” [4] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty collection of ancient stories. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書 經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Shi shuo xin yu 世説新語, “New Accounts of Tales of the World.” Written by → Liu Yiqing 劉 義慶. 8 juan (AV present editions 3 juan, 6 juan). The text records Han 漢 to Jin 晉 speeches and anecdotes, reflecting the eccentric behavior and “pure conversations” (qing tan 清談) of the elite of the time. The book’s material was based on other books or oral tradition and is rich in content, with vivid stories and concise language. Later brush note literature (bi ji 筆記) frequently used this work as a model. Shi Tang feng 詩唐風 → Shi jing 詩經 Shi Tuo 史脫 [1] Famous Jin 晉 dynasty physician. He held a medical office at court and was renowned for his diagnostic skills and methods for treating jaundice. LSZ takes over his name from another source. Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚, “Categorized Collection of Events and Literature” [1] Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Tian lu lin lang shu mu 天祿琳琅書目, “Catalogue of Precious Books in the Possession of the Empire.” AN Gu jin shi wen lei ju 古今事文類聚, “Categorized Collection of Old and New Events and Literature.” Written by → Zhu Mu 祝穆. The book consists of four collections, an earlier collection (qian ji 前集) of 60 juan, a later collection (hou ji 候集) of 50 juan, a subsequent collection (xu ji 續集) of 28 juan, and a separate collection (bie ji 別集) of 32 juan. The text imitates earlier works such as the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 and the → Chu xue ji 初學記 in its organization and records historical facts and literature. The work was supplemented during the Yuan 元 period to produce two more collections in addition to the original volumes. LSZ lists the text in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in his main text. He does, however, seem to have extensively used it as a source for many lost books. Shi wu 食物 → Shi wu ben cao 食物本草 Shi wu ben cao 食物本草, “Materia Medica of Foodstuffs” Materia dietetica. FE Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “The Hundred Streams Bibliography.” Written by → Wang Ying 汪穎 based upon a draft by → Lu He 盧 和. DC zheng de 正德 reign period (1506-1521). 2 juan (AV present edition 4 juan). Lu He selected information on foodstuffs from materia medica literature, and Wang edited that material, dividing the text into eight categories, i.e., waters, grains, vegetables, fruits, birds, quadrupeds, fishes, and spices. LSZ cites the book as Shi wu ben cao [9], as Shi wu 食物, “Foodstuffs,” [45], or by the name of its author, as Wang Ying [60], Ying 穎 [45], or in SE bai xian 白鷳 as Wang shi 汪氏, “Mr. Wang,” [1]. Shi wu ji yuan 事物紀原, “The Origin of records of Things and Objects” [1] Encyclopedia. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Authorship uncertain, sometimes attributed to Gao

416 Cheng 高承 (→ Gao shi 高氏 ) of Northern Song 宋. 55 juan (AV 10 juan). During the Ming 明 period a simplified version was published, supplemented and edited by Li Guo 李果. The book collected material from old books on subjects such as celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), calendric science, decrees and regulations, institutions, customs and even plant and animal life. Its contents are extensive and the work is very reliable in its use of source material. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections, attributing it to Gao shi 高氏, “Mr. Gao,” but does not cite it directly in the main text. Shi xi 史系, “Historical Systems” Historical text of the Five Dynasties/Later Jin 晉 period, cited erroneously as Wen xi 文系, “Literary Systems,” [2] by LSZ. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Shi xi 史係 (orthographic variant). Written by Jia Wei 賈緯 (fl. mid-10th century), one of the authors of the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang” (→ Tang shu 唐書). 20 juan. The text focuses on events between 841 and 887. It follows the stylistic rules of the standard histories, containing annals and biographies. The original text is lost, but fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, including some material relating to medicinals. LSZ takes a story over about a man called → Liu Shizhen 劉師貞, who dreamed about the right treatment for his brother’s disease. Shi xiao fang 試效方, “Tested Efficacious recipes”  [1] Abbreviation for the → Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方 of → Li Gao 李杲.  [6] Erroneous designation for the Shi yan xiao fang 試驗小方, “Tested and Proven Small Recipes,” (→ Shi yan fang 試驗方) of Tan Lun 談綸 (→ Tan Yeweng 談野翁).

 [2] Lost medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an otherwise unknown → Sun Yisong 孫一松. No further details available. LSZ refers to the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Shi xiao lu yan fang 試效錄驗方, “Tested, Efficacious, and recorded Proven recipes” [2] Lost medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Further details unavailable. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Shi xiao ya 詩小雅 → Shi jing 詩經 Shi xing 食性 → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草 Shi xing ben cao 食性本草, “Materia Medica on dietetic Properties” Materia dietetica. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Chen Shiliang 陳士良. DC c. 937957. 10 juan. Chen collected material on food and dietary therapy from a variety of sources including the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL), the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, the → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草,

417 and the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺. He then supplemented it with information on food properties, interactions, identification, preparation methods, therapeutic recipes, and health-promoting applications of dietary recipes according to the seasons. The original text is lost, but many fragments are preserved in the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. LSZ criticizes the work for its lack of innovation but still cites numerous fragments, referring to the text as Shi xing ben cao [5], as Shi xing 食性, “Dietetic Properties,” [15], as Chen Shiliang ben cao 陳士良本草, “Materia Medica of Chen Shiliang,” [1], or referring to the name of the author alone as Chen Shiliang [2] or Shiliang 士良 [52]. Shi xue da cheng 詩學大成, “Great Compendium of Poetry” [1] Song 宋/Yuan 元 period encyclopedia. FE Tian lu lin lang shu mu 天祿琳琅書 目, “Catalogue of Precious Books in the Possession of the Empire.” AN Lian xin shi bei shi xue da cheng 聯新事備詩學大成, “Great Compendium of Uniting New Issues with the Creation of Poetry.” Written by Lin Zhen 林楨, preface by → Mao Zhifang 毛直方. Sometimes attributed to Mao Zhifang, with only supplements and editing by Lin Zhen. DC preface 1312. 30 juan. The encyclopedia classifies ancient verses to be used by poets of the time. During Ming 明 times this was a very popular book and widely disseminated. LSZ lists it in his bibliographical sections making Mao Zhifang the author, but does not cite it directly in the main text. Shi xue lei chao 仕學類鈔, “Categorized Notes on Officialdom and Scholarship” [1] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Li shi 李氏, “Mr. Li.” The book is not mentioned in the Si ku quan shu 四庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” but all the books there with shi xue 仕學 in the title are attributed to a Mr. Li. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text, therefore there is no way to determine the identity of the book. Shi Xun 史循 → Pi Xun 皮巡 Shi yan fang 試驗方, “Tested and Proven recipes” Abbreviation for the Shi yan xiao fang 試驗小方, “Tested and Proven Small Recipes,” a lost Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Wan juan lou shu mu 萬 卷樓書目, “Catalogue of the House of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Written by Tan Lun 談綸 (→ Tan Yeweng 談野翁). DC 2nd half of the 15th century. 1 juan. The text mostly contains single substance recipes and recipes with few ingredients. Only the BCGM quotes fragments of the lost text, referring to the work as Shi yan fang [16], as Tan Yeweng fang 談野翁方, “Recipes of Tan Yeweng,” [28], as Tan Yeweng zhu fang 談野翁諸方, “Various Recipes of Tan Yeweng,” [1], or simply using the author’s literary name Tan Yeweng [1]. LSZ also erroneously writes Shi xiao fang 試效方, “Tested Efficacious Recipes,” [6] and Jing xiao fang 經效 方, “Tried and Efficacious Recipes,” [1].

418 Shi yao shen shu 十藥神書, “Immortals’ Book on Ten Medicinals” Specialized medical text on “depletion-exhaustion bloodspitting” (xu lao tu xue 虛勞吐血). FE Dan sheng tang shu mu 澹生堂書目, “Catalogue of Dan sheng Hall.” Attributed to → Ge Kejiu 葛可久, but this is doubtful. DC late Yuan 元, early Ming 明. 1 juan. The text contains ten recipes considered effective for the treatment of depletion-exhaustion bloodspitting. LSZ cites the book as Shi yao shen shu [5], as Ge Ke jiu fang 葛可久方, “Recipes of Ge Kejiu,” [1], and by its attributed author’s name Ge Kejiu [2]. Shi yi 拾遺 → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 Shi yi ben cao 拾遺本草 → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 Shi yi ji 拾遺記, “records of retrieved Stories”  Collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by the Sixteen Kingdoms period writer Wang Jia 王嘉 (→ Wang Zinian 王子 年, died 385) of Former Qin 秦, revised by Xiao Qi 蕭綺 during the Liang 梁 dynasty. 10 juan (AV 2 juan, 3 juan, not apparently the complete text). The first nine juan of the work record myths, legends, ghost stories, and tales of extraordinary things, starting from the times of the legendary figures Fu xi 伏羲 and → Shen nong 神農  down to the kingdom of Later Zhao 趙. The last juan consists of stories about immortals and other things from the legendary island of Peng lai 蓬萊 or the Kun lun 昆侖 mountains. Material from the text was quoted by the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 and other sources. LSZ cites the book as Shi yi ji [7], sometimes labeling the references with Wang Zinian’s name. Wang also wrote a Shi yi lu 拾遺錄, “Records of Retrieved Stories,” and LSZ, mixing up the titles, also cites the Shi yi ji as Shi yi lu [1].  [1] → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄 Shi yi lu 拾遺錄, “records of retrieved Stories”  [7] → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄

 [1] → Shi yi ji 拾遺記  Shi yi shu 詩義疏, “Commentary on the Meanings in the Book of Songs” This is one of LSZ’s names for the Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草 木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Worms/Bugs, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs,” a Three Kingdoms period commentary on the → Shi jing 詩經. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Lu Ji 陸璣 (AV Lu Ji 陸機). DC 3rd century. 2 juan. The commentary focuses on names of animals and plants in the Shi jing and constitutes one of China’s first works with an emphasis on nature studies. The original book was lost, but the text was later reconstructed from fragments preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → ZLBC, and other books. LSZ cites the work as Shi yi shu [2] by Lu Ji in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He also refers to it as Niao shou cao mu chong yu shu 鳥 獸草木蟲魚疏, “Notes on Birds, Beasts, Herbs, Trees, Worms/Bugs and Fish,” [1] in his bibliography, thus providing the work with a double entry. In the main

419 text of the BCGM, LSZ cites the book as Shi shu 詩疏, “Commentary to the Shi jing” [37] (if not labeled with Lu Ji’s name, this may refer to other texts as well, cf. → Shi shu 詩疏), as Lu shi shi shu 陸氏詩疏, “Commentary to the Book of Songs by Mr. Lu,” [3], Mao shi shu yi 毛詩疏義, “Commenting on the Meanings in the Mao Book of Songs” [1], Lu Ji zhu 陸機注, “Annotations of Lu Ji,” [9], Cao mu shu 草木疏, “Commentary on Herbs and Trees,” [6], and as Shu yi 疏義, “Commenting on the Meanings,” [2]. He also refers to the book using the name Lu Ji 陸璣 [2] or Lu shi 陸氏, “Mr. Lu,” [2] alone. Shi yi tong bian yao fa 世醫通變要法, “Essential Methods of Hereditary Physicians for the Thorough understanding of Changes” Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive clinical text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Ye Tingqi 葉廷器. DC 1539. 2 juan. The book was rare but was nevertheless cited by LSZ, who refers to it as Shi yi tong bian yao fa [1] in his bibliographical sections and in the main text as Tong bian yao fa 通變要法, “Essential Methods for the Thorough Understanding of Changes,” [6], Ye shi tong bian yao fa 葉氏通變要法, “Mr. Ye’s Essential Methods for the Thorough Understanding of Changes,” [1], and as Tong bian fang 通變方, “Recipes for the Thorough Understanding of Changes,” [1]. Shi yi wen 詩義問, “Questions about the Meanings in the Book of Songs” [1] Commentary on the → Shi jing 詩經. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN there Mao shi yi wen 毛詩義 問, “Questions about the Meanings in the Mao Book of Songs.” Written by Liu Zhen 劉楨 from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. 10 juan. The book explains names and other things mentioned in the Shi jing. The original text is lost, but scattered fragments are found in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類 聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and many other sources. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Shi yi xin jian 食醫心鑒 → Shi yi xin jing 食醫心鏡 Shi yi xin jing 食醫心鏡, “Heart Mirror of diet Physicians” Tang 唐 dynasty text on dietetics. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN Shi yi xin jian 食醫心鑒, “Heart Mirror of Diet Physicians.” Written by → Zan Yin 昝殷. DC c. 859. 3 juan. The book describes the application of dietary methods and combinations of foodstuffs and medicinals for the treatment of diseases. The original text is lost, but recipes are preserved in the → ZLBC and other books. LSZ cites the book second hand, referring to it as Shi yi xin jing [45], Shi yi xin jian [3], Xin jing 心 鏡, “Heart Mirror,” [60], and erroneously as Yi xue xin jing 醫學心鏡, “Heart Mirror of Medical Studies,” [1] and Yi fang xin jing 醫方心鏡, “Heart Mirror of Medical Recipes,” [1]. Note that references to a Xin jian 心鑒, “Heart Mirror,” are to the → Quan you xin jian 全幼心鑒 and not the Shi yi xin jing.

420 Shi yong fang 适用方 → Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適用方 Shi Yong feng 詩鄘風 → Shi jing 詩經 Shi you 史游 [1] Man of the Western Han 漢 dynasty. He held a court office under Emperor Yuan 元 (r. 48-33 BCE) and was the author of the → Ji jiu zhang 急就章. Shi yuan 史元 [1] Minor official dispatched by → Zhang Yong 張詠 to present a pharmaceutical preparation with xi xian 豨薟 to the emperor. Shi yuan 史源 [1] Southern Song 宋 physician, fl. mid-12th century. A man of Ying chang 穎昌, now Xu chang 許昌 in He nan 河南, a disciple of the imperial physician Chang Yingshi 常穎士 (→ Chang Qizhi 常器之). He employed moxa cauterization to cure his mother from an “obstruction- and impediment-illness” (yong ju 癰疽). Based on what he learned from the teachings of famous physicians and his own successful cures, he compiled the Zhi bei chuang fang 治背瘡方, “Recipes for Treating Sores on the Back,” in 1 juan. LSZ cites the case history of his mother in SE hu 葫. Shi Zaizhi 史載之 → Shi Kan 史堪 Shi Zhengzhi 史正志 [2] Southern Song 宋 high official. Style name Zhidao 志道, literary name Wumen laopu 吳門老圃, “Vegetable Gardener of Wu men.” A man of Jiang du 江都, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇, jin shi 1151. He held a number of posts in the central government and was the author of the Qing hui ge shi 清暉閣詩, “Poems from the Qing hui Pavilion,” the Jian kang zhi 建康志, “Jian kang Gazetteer,” the → Ju pu 菊譜 , and other books. Shi zhi 食治 → Qian jin shi zhi 千金食治 Shi zhi tong shuo 食治通説, “Thorough discussion of dietary Treatments” [2] Southern Song 宋 text on dietetics. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” Written by → Lou Juzhong 婁居中. DC 2nd half of the 12th century. 1 juan, 16 chapters. The book focused on the maintenance of health through dietary therapy alone and provided methods for this. The original text is lost, but part of it is found in the Shi wu ji yao 食物輯要, “Collected Essentials about Foodstuffs,” of Mu Shixi 穆世錫. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and mentions it again in the → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草 entry, but does not cite it in the main text. Shi zhi tu 石芝圖, “Illustrations of Stone-Zhi” [1] Illustrated botanical book. According to the inner chapters of the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , the Daoist classics include numerous illustrations of zhi 芝 fungi, among them some Shi zhi tu, now lost. LSZ takes this over in SE shi zhi 石芝. Shi zhou ji 十洲記, “records of the Ten Islands” [7] Collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Hai nei

421 shi zhou ji 海內十洲記, “Records of the Ten Islands Within the Sea,” Shi zhou xian ji 十洲仙記, “Records of the Immortals on the Ten Islands,” etc. Attributed to → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔, but the Si ku quan shu zong mu 四庫全書總目, “General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” claims that the book was actually written by a poet of the Six Dynasties period. 1 juan. The book details the scenery of the shi zhou 十洲, the ten ancient legendary islands of immortals, providing brief information on each island. LSZ, attributing the book to Dongfang Shuo, cites the Shi zhou ji in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking some, but not all, material from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺. Shi zhu 詩注, “annotations to the Book of Songs”  [1] General term for annotations to the → Shi jing 詩經

 [2] Annotations of → Mao Chang 毛萇 to the → Shi jing 詩經 in the → Mao shi 毛詩 Shi zi 釋子 → Shi shi 釋氏 Shi zi 尸子, “Master Shi” [4] Warring States period syncretistic philosophical text. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢 書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Written by Shi Jiao 尸佼 (c. 390-330 BCE). Originally 20 chapters, many of which were lost early. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other encyclopedias preserve fragments, and the Qun shu zhi yao 群書治要, “Essentials of Governance from a Multitude of Books,” contains an incomplete version assembled from such fragments. There are also some fragmentary Qing 清 editions of the text, and nowadays it is impossible to distinguish the original material from later additions. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in SE yu 玉. Shi zong 世宗 → Shi zong Su huang di 世宗肅皇帝 Shi zong Su huang di 世宗肅皇帝 (1507-1567) This is Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜, the Ming 明 emperor Shi zong 世宗, r. 1521-1566. LSZ lived during his reign, the jia jing 嘉靖 era, and reports events associated with the emperor. He refers to him as Shi zong Su huang di [3] and as Shi zong [1]. Shihu ji 石湖集, “Collection of [Fan] Shihu” Largely lost Southern Song 宋 book. FE → Song shi 宋史, biography of → Fan Chengda 范成大. Written by Fan Chengda. 136 juan. The book was still extant in its entirety during early Qing 清 times, but now only the Shihu jushi shi ji 石 湖居士詩集, “Poetry Collection of the Retired Scholar of Rock Lake,” survives. LSZ lists the book as Shihu ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but refers to it as Fan Shihu wen ji 范石湖文集, “Literary Collection of Fan Shihu,” [2] and as Fan Shihu ji 范石湖集, “Collection of Fan Shihu,” [1] in the main text. Shijia 釋迦 [1] Abbreviation for Shijiamuni 釋迦牟尼, the Buddha Shakyamuni, founder of Buddhism in 7th to 6th centuries BCE. According to the → Shu yuan za ji 菽

422 園雜記, the Buddha was given birth to by his mother (→ Moye 摩耶) from the ribs in her right flank. LSZ cites this story in SE ren gui 人傀, naming a → Ye shi 野史 as his source. Shiliang 士良 → Chen Shiliang 陳士良 Shizhai 是齋 → Wang Qiu 王璆 Shizhai bai yi fang 是齋百一方 → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 Shizhai zhi mi fang 是齋指迷方 → Quan sheng zhi mi fang 全生指迷方 Shizhen 時珍 → Li Shizhen 李時珍 Shizhen fang 時珍方 → Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 Shou chanshi 壽禪師, “Zen Master Shou” [2] Sui 隋 dynasty Buddhist monk. According to the → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄, his medical skills were miraculous, and he invented a recipe called “drink with five fragrant substances” (wu xiang yin 五香飲). Shou ji 手記 → Ri xun shou jing 日詢手鏡 Shou jing 獸經, “Classic of Wild animals” [1] Ming 明 dynasty book. See bibliography of the BCGM, also listed in the Qing 清 dynasty Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Huang Shengzeng 黃省曾. The book survives, but although LSZ lists it in his bibliographical sections, he does not cite it in the main text. Shou qin 壽親 → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書 Shou qin yang lao fang 壽親養老方 → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書 Shou qin yang lao shu 壽親養老書 → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書 Shou ren 獸人, “Man of the Wild animals” [1] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Responsible for catching animals in accordance with the turn of the seasons and being able to differentiate them by name. Shou yu 壽域 → Shou yu shen fang 壽域神方 Shou yu fang 壽域方 → Shou yu shen fang 壽域神方 Shou yu shen fang 壽域神方, “divine recipes from the realm of Longevity” Medical recipe book. Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Yan shou shen fang 延壽神方, “Divine Recipes for Extending Life,” Written by Zhu Quan 朱權 (→ Ning Xian wang 寧獻王, literary name Quxian 臞仙). DC c. 1403-1424. 4 juan. Juan 1 discusses diagnosis by inspection and the pulse, while the following juan are devoted to treatment methods. They are divided into 112 sections, each section listing various diseases along with appropriate pharmaceutical and acupuncture formulas, 1667 diseases in all. LSZ refers to the text as Shou yu shen fang [23], as Shou yu fang 壽域方, “Recipes from the Realm of Longevity,” [27], and as Shou yu 壽域, “Realm of Longevity,” [11].

423 Shu 書 → Shang shu 尚書 Shu ben 蜀本 → Shu ben cao 蜀本草 Shu ben cao 蜀本草, “Materia Medica of Shu” CMM. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying,” Shu chong guang Ying gong ben cao 蜀重廣英公本草, “Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying, Repeatedly Expanded in Shu.” Written by → Han Baosheng 韓保昇, preface by → Meng Chang 孟昶. DC guang zheng 廣政 reign period (938-965). 20 juan. Total number of drug descriptions unknown. Han took the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 (also called Ying gong ben cao 英公本草, “Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying”) and the illustrated writings (tu jing 圖經) contained in it, collated and corrected them, and added his own notes. The author compiled the work in Later Shu 蜀 during the Five Dynasties period, thus the title. The original text is lost, but extensive fragments are quoted in the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, which refers seven pharmaceutical substances not mentioned in the Tang ben cao or anywhere else to the Shu ben cao. The → Kai bao ben cao 開 寶本草 quotes a → Bie ben 別本 or Bie ben zhu 別本注, “Annotations from the Separate Volume,”, which are probably references to the Shu ben cao or newly added material from it. Fragments labeled → Tang ben yu 唐本餘 in the → ZLBC are also taken from this book. LSZ found the illustrations and explanations to be very detailed compared to the works of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 and Su Jing 蘇敬 (→ Su Gong 蘇恭), but his perception that there was a separate book by Han Baosheng called → Tu jing 圖經  is a misunderstanding (see → Shu ben tu jing 蜀本圖經). He cites the work second hand from the ZLBC, referring to it as Shu ben cao [18], as Shu ben 蜀本, “Materia Medica of Shu,” [29], as Shu tu jing 蜀圖經, “Illustrated Classic of Shu,” [6], as Shu ben tu jing [3], and as Shu tu 蜀圖. “Illustrations from Shu.” He also refers to Han Baosheng’s annotations as Chong zhu 重注, “Annotations from the Repeatedly [Expanded Materia Medica],” [10]. Shu ben tu jing 蜀本圖經, “Illustrated Classic in the Shu ben [cao]” This is a designation for new material in the → Shu ben cao 蜀本草 of → Han Baosheng 韓保昇, added by the author to the illustrated writings (tu jing 圖 經) section of the → Tang ben cao 唐本草. LSZ erroneously regarded this as an entire separate section written by Han called Tu jing 圖經, “Illustrated Classic.” The term goes back to the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, which labels the same material Shu ben tu jing, and the BCGM follows this, referring the relevant passages to a Shu ben tu jing [3], a Shu tu 蜀圖, “Illustrations from Shu,” [1], Shu tu jing 蜀圖經, “Illustrated Classic of Shu,” [6], or, within the Shu ben cao entry in his bibliography, Tu jing [1]. Shu di zhi 蜀地志, “Local Gazetteer of Shu” [2] Lost, anonymous book. EE → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. DC pre-Song 宋. The work mostly describes local conditions and customs in the area of Shu 蜀 in present-day Si chuan 四川. Part of it is also devoted to apes and monkeys found

424 there. A few fragments are preserved in the Tai ping yu lan and other books. LSZ cites the book second hand from the Tai ping yu lan in his bibliographical sections and the main text but does not mention an author. Shu du fu 蜀都賦 → San du fu 三都賦 Shu hou zhu 蜀後主, “The Last ruler of Shu” (207-271) [1] This is Liu Chan 劉禪, ruler of Shu 蜀 during the Three Kingdoms period, r. 223253. Childhood name Adou 阿斗. The → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 has an entry on qing tian he 青田核 stating that Shu hou zhu possessed two large capsules of peach seeds, each of them able to transform any water it contained into wine. This story is similar but quite different in wording from one in the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , which associates it not with Shu hou zhu but with → Liu Zhang 劉 章. LSZ mentions the Shu hou zhu in SE tao 桃. Shu ji 蜀記, “records of Shu” [1] Lost local chronicle of the Five Dynasties period or before. EE → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草. Author, DC, and size uncertain. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽 cites the same material as the Hai yao ben cao but refers it to a Shu zhi 蜀志, “Gazetter of Shu,” apparently the same book. It also cites very similar information from the Nan zhong ba jun zhi 南中八郡志, “Gazetteer of the Eight South Central Prefectures,” and the → Guang zhi 廣志. LSZ takes over the Hai yao ben cao material from the → ZLBC in SE suo mu mian 䔋木麪. Shu tu 蜀圖 → Shu ben cao 蜀本草, → Shu ben tu jing 蜀本圖經 Shu tu jing 蜀圖經 → Shu ben cao 蜀本草, → Shu ben tu jing 蜀本圖經 Shu wang 蜀王 → Liu Zhang 劉璋 Shu wang ben ji 蜀王本紀, “Basic annals of the Kings of Shu” [2] Western Han 漢 book. AN Shu ben ji 蜀本紀, “Basic Annals of Shu,” Shu ji 蜀 紀, “Annals of Shu.” Written by → Yang Xiong 揚雄. 1 juan. Even though the book followed historical works in style, it was not an official historiographic text but rather a collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説) and events not recorded in official histories, mostly local mythology of Shu. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other encyclopedias. The book is also cited in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, and LSZ cites it second hand from the → ZLBC in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Shu yi 疏義 → Shi yi shu 詩義疏 Shu yi ji 述異記, “records Narrating the Extraordinary” [18] Collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). Two works of this name are cited in Tang 唐 and Song 宋 books without any indication of authorship, this making it difficult to distinguish one book from the other. If LSZ cites a Shu yi ji [11] without naming an author, the material quoted might be from either of the following works:  [1] Southern Qi 齊 dynasty text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Zu Chongzhi 祖沖

425 之. 10 juan. The original text is lost, but fragments are found in the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, and other books. The book recorded stories about gods, ghosts, and miraculous events from Jin 晉 times on. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it again in connection with the author’s name in the main text. The source of material not labeled with any author’s name remains uncertain.

 [6] Liang 梁 dynasty text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Ren Fang 任昉. DC early tian jian 天監 reign period (503-519), before 508. 2 juan. The book collected material from earlier works, recording strange tales and traditional lore on landscapes, historical sites, animals, and plants. Most of the book’s contents were incorporated into the works of later writers, such as the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽 and the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記. LSZ apparently used the Ren Fang version more, referring to the book and its author in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The source of material not labeled with any author’s name remains uncertain. Shu yuan ji 菽園記 → Shu yuan za ji 菽園雜記 Shu yuan za ji 菽園雜記, “Miscellaneous records from the Bean Garden” Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Lu Rong 陸 容 (→ Lu Wenliang 陸文量). DC early hong zhi 弘治 reign period (1488-1505), before 1494. 15 juan. The book consists of anecdotes from court and commonality during the Ming period and contains a small amount of material on diseases and medicinals. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Shu yuan za ji [4] and Shu yuan ji 菽園記, “Records from the Bean Garden,” [1], referring to the author by his style name. Shu zheng ji 述征記, “records describing Military Campaigns” [4] Jin 晉 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Guo Yuansheng 郭緣生 (AV Guo Yansheng 郭延生, → Guo Xiang 郭象). The book contains material on geography and scenery, local customs and products. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the Feng shi wen jian lu 封氏聞見錄, “Records of Things Heard and Seen by Mr. Feng,” the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類 聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book second hand from the Tai ying yu lan in his bibliographical sections and the main text but does not indicate an author. Shu zhi 蜀志 → San guo zhi 三國志 Shui dong ri ji 水東日記, “daily records from East of the river” Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Ye Sheng 葉盛. 38 juan. The work describes Ming institutions and preserves many literary writings and anecdotes of the time. LSZ quotes the book as Shui

426 dong ri ji [3] and as Ye shui dong ri ji 葉水東日記, “Ye’s Daily Records from East of the River,” [1]. Shui jian xian ren ge 水鑒仙人歌, “Song of the Water Mirror Immortal” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Xian ren shui jian 仙人水鑒. “Water Mirror of the Immortal,” a Tang 唐 dynasty pediatric text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN originally Xian ren shui jing tu jue 仙人水鏡圖訣, “Illustrated Instructions from the Water Mirror of the Immortal.” Written by Wang Chao 王超. DC zhen guan 貞觀 reign period (627-649). 1 juan. The text contains material on finger line diagnosis as well as recipes arranged according to pathological conditions and even some exorcistic practices. Much of it is composed in rhymes of seven characters. The original book is lost, but major parts are preserved in the → You you xin shu 幼幼 新書. LSZ cites one fragment second hand in SE chang shan 常山. Shui jie 水解, “Explanations on Water” [2] Section in the → Ru men shi qin 儒門事親. Attributed to Ma Jiuchou 麻九疇 (→ Ma Zhiji 麻知幾), but the material Ma based this chapter on was in fact transmitted orally by Zhang Zihe 張子和 (→ Zhang Congzheng 張從正). LSZ refers to the chapter in his main text only. Shui jing 水經, “Classic of Waters” [4] China’s earliest text on rivers and water courses. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經 籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to Sang Qin 桑欽 of Han 漢 or → Guo Pu 郭璞 of Jin 晉 (sometimes only the annotations are attributed to Guo). According to the Qing 清 scholar Yan Ruoqu 閻若 璩, the Shui jing was begun in Eastern Han times and was gradually completed during the Wei 魏 and Jin dynasties. The book described 137 water courses, their pathways, and river basins. → Li Daoyuan 酈道元 of Northern Wei took the text as a basis and added many annotations and new material to produce the → Shui jing zhu 水經注. There was also a → Xu shui jing 續水經, now lost, of → Lu Yin 陸禋. LSZ cites the original Shui jing in the main text but only lists Li’s Shui jing zhu as his source in his bibliographical sections, referring to the text as Li Daoyuan zhu Shui jing 酈道元注水經, “The Shui jing, Annotated by Li Daoyuan.” Shui jing zhu 水經注, “annotated Classic of Waters” Famous Northern Wei 魏 geographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Li Daoyuan 酈道元. 40 juan. The book is based upon the → Shui jing 水經 and adds extensive annotations and supplements from literary material available to the author. The result was a 20-fold increase in volume over the original book, forming the most comprehensive Chinese geographical text of its time. Some 437 earlier texts were used as sources, and the book details more than a thousand water courses and their surrounding geographical features, including mountains, marshes, cities, and transportation networks. There is also much information on the historical evolution, events, and people of these areas. LSZ cites the book as Li Daoyuan zhu Shui jing 酈道元注水經, “The Shui jing, Annotated by Li Daoyuan,”

427 in his bibliographical sections and as Shui jing zhu [4] in the main text. He also frequently uses it as a source for second hand quotations from older, lost texts. Shui tu ji 水土記 → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 Shui ying fu 水螢賦, “rhapsody on the Water-Firefly” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Li Ziqing 李子卿. The poem is preserved in the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華 and cited by LSZ in SE ying huo 螢火. Shui yun lu 水雲錄, “records of Waters and Clouds” Collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to → Ye Mengde 葉夢得 (1077-1148). Although many books by Ye Mengde are listed in post-Song 宋 bibliographies, this one is not. The material LSZ cites is not found in any other books either, so there is no way to determine the book’s identity and authenticity. The Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming,” also cites a Shui yun lu by Yang Pu 楊溥 in 2 juan, DC hong zhi 弘治 reign period (1488-1505). According to the Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” this book contains some material on life cultivation, but since the text is apparently lost, its material cannot be compared to that cited in the BCGM. LSZ cites the text as Shui yun lu [4] and as Ye shi shui yun lu 葉氏水雲 錄, “Mr. Ye’s Records of Waters and Clouds” [1]. Shuo fu 説郛, “Persuasion of the Suburbs” [1] Late Yuan 元 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記) and other writings. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Tao Zongyi 陶宗儀 (→ Tao Jiucheng 陶九成). The author selected and classified various brush notes dating from Han 漢 to Yuan times and also included material from classics, histories, philosophical works, poetry, and other literature, using more than a thousand texts as sources and including many rare or now lost books. Although lost in its original form, there were many manuscript copies of the Shuo fu circulating in Ming 明 times. Today there is a 100 juan edition based on the Ming manuscript copies, and an expanded Qing 清 dynasty version in 120 juan, which unfortunately contains many errors. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Many of the ancient, lost texts cited in the BCGM, however, were probably quoted second hand from this work. Shuo wen 説文 → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字, “Explaining Single and analysing Compound Characters” Character dictionary and editions of it. LSZ only lists the original version by → Xu Shen 許慎 in his bibliographical sections, even though he used annotated versions of the text.  FE → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , biography of → Xu Shen 許慎. AN Shuo wen 説文, “Analysing Compound Characters.” Written by Xu Shen. DC 121. 14 juan, plus a 1 juan table of contents. Today only the revised → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解 字  edition by → Xu Xuan 徐鉉 survives.The dictionary contains entries for

428 9353 characters and 1163 character variants. The Shuo wen jie zi is China’s first lexicographical text to be organized by 540 radicals (bu shou 部首) and the first to systematically analyze character forms and investigate character origins. LSZ cites the text as Shuo wen jie zi [2], as Shuo wen [140] (frequently labeling this abbreviation with Xu shi 許氏, “Mr. Xu,” [17] or Xu Shen [48]), or by using the name Xu Shen [20] alone to stand for his work.  This is the Shuo wen jie zi xi zhuan 説文解字系傳, “Tradition of the System of the Shuo wen jie zi,” a Southern Tang 唐, early Song 宋 version of the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 . Annotated by → Xu Kai 徐鍇. LSZ refers to this text as Shuo wen jie zi [1] by Xu Kai, or Xu Kai zhu Shuo wen 徐鍇注説文, “The Shuo wen [jie zi], Annotated by Xu Kai,” [2], or simply using the author’s name, Xu Kai [4], to refer to the book.

 Revised version of the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  produced at imperial order during the late Five Dynasties/early Song period by → Xu Xuan 徐鉉, the elder brother of → Xu Kai 徐鍇. Xu divided each of the original 15 juan into two parts, making it 30 juan in all. This is the only version of the Shuo wen jie zi still extant today. LSZ refers to Xu’s annotations as Xu Xuan zhu Shuo wen 徐鉉注 説文, “The Shuo wen [jie zi], Annotated by Xu Xuan,” [1] and by the name of the author Xu Xuan [1] in his main text. Shuo wen zi yuan 説文字原, “On the Origins of Characters in the Shuo wen [jie zi]” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty lexicographical text. FE → Yuan shi 元史, biography of Zhou Boqi 周伯琦. DC 1349. 1 juan. Written by Zhou Boqi, but LSZ mistakenly attributes the work to → Zhou Bi 周弼. The text was printed with the → Liu shu zheng e 六書正訛 of the same author. It is based on the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文 解字  but also has some new views to offer. Of the 540 parts in the Shuo wen jie zi, Zhou Boqi deleted 17 and added 17 of his own, rearranging the original order and changing the characters in some parts. The Liu shu zheng e sticks to the Shuo wen jie zi more closely but also holds some detailed new analysis. LSZ lists both works in his bibliographical sections but does not cite them in the main text. The author Zhou Boqi lived during the late Yuan and early Ming 明 dynasties. Style name Bowen 伯溫, a man of Po yang 鄱陽 in Rao zhou 饒州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. He initially served the Yuan in various central government capacities but later went over to the Ming. He was known for his calligraphy and his knowledge of the classics. Shuo yuan 説苑, “Garden of Stories” [2] Western Han 漢 book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Liu Xiang 劉向. Originally 20 juan, of which all but five were lost. The book was restored from scattered fragments to its original length by Geng Sou 鞏搜 during the Song 宋 dynasty. The book contained historical anecdotes from pre-Qin 秦 to Han times with some discussions in between. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

429 Shuqian 叔潛 → Zhang Shuqian 張叔潛 Si chuan zhi 四川志, “Si chuan Gazetteer” [1] Local chronicle of uncertain identity. LSZ does not list the text in his bibliographical sections but cites it in SE jie du zi 解毒子. Extant local gazetteers of Si chuan that preceded the appearance of the BCGM include a Si chuan zhi published in 1518 by Xiong Xiang 熊相, the Si chuan tong zhi 四川統志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer of Si chuan,” (1545) of Wang Yuan 王元, and the Si chuan zong zhi 四川總志, “General Gazetteer of Si chuan” (1581) of Guo Fei 郭棐. It is impossible, however, to ascertain which of these chronicles LSZ may have relied on. The material he cites on jie du zi from Zhong zhou 忠州 agrees with contents found in the → Da ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志 and the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記. Si cun Wang shi 思村王氏, “Mr. Wang from Si cun” [1] Southern Song person. According to the → Suo sui lu 瑣碎錄, his son suffered from “shrinkage and retention of the [external] kidneys” (shen suo ru 腎縮入) but was cured by external application of heating medicinals. The story is preserved in the → Yi shuo 醫説, and LSZ takes it over in SE mang cao 莽草. Si hao 四皓, “The Four Old Men” [3] These are four hermits who lived during the time of transition from Qin 秦 to Han 漢: Dongyuan gong 東園公, Luli xiansheng 甪裡先生 (also written Jiaoli xiansheng 角裡先生), Qi Liji 綺裡季, and Xiahuang gong 夏黃公. They were from He nei zhi 河內軹 (now Ji yuan 濟源 in Hen nan 河南) and all reached an age of more than 80 years. They lived in seclusion at Shang shan 商山 (in the southeast of present-day Shang luo 商洛 in Shaan xi 陝西) and were thus called the Shang shan si hao 商山四皓,“The Four Old Men of Mount Shang.” According to legend, the four old men once wrote a song that contained a line about the ability of purple zhi (zi zhi 紫芝) to cure hunger. Hence LSZ refers to them in connection with the ingestion of zhi 芝 to prolong life. Si min yue ling 四民月令, “Monthly Ordinances for the Four [Groups of ] People” Eastern Han 漢 text. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Cui Shi 崔寔. 1 juan. This treatise imitates the Li ji yue ling 禮記月令, “Monthly Ordinances from the Li ji,” (→ Yue ling 月令 ) in style. It describes goods produced and traded in Luo yang 洛陽 (which here represents the areas in the central plains of China) and the lives of the four groups of people: scholars, farmers, craftsmen, and merchants. The focus is on agricultural topics like cultivation methods, silkworm breeding, and the raising of livestock, but the work also includes some information on medicinals. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ incorrectly cites the book as Si shi yue ling 四時月令, “Monthly Ordinances of the Four Seasons,” [2] in his bibliographical sections but refers to it correctly as Si min yue ling [3] and Cui Shi yue ling 崔寔月令, “Monthly Ordinances of Cui Shi,” [5] in the main text.

430 Si sheng 四聲 → Si sheng ben cao 四聲本草 Si sheng ben cao 四聲本草, “Materia Medica arranged according to the Four Tones” Lost CMM. EE → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. Written by → Xiao Bing 蕭炳. DC 8th century. 5 juan. Monographs were listed according to the tone (ping 平, shang 上, qu 去, or ru 入) of the first character of the respective medicinal’s name, which made the work an easy-to-use manual. Each monograph included alternative names, as well as information on qualities, effects, storage, etc. 64 fragments are quoted in the Jia you ben cao, and LSZ cites the work second hand as Si sheng ben cao [6], Si sheng 四聲, “Four Tones,” [13], or by the name of the author as Xiao Bing [39] or Bing 炳 [20]. Si shi cai yao 四時采藥, “Medicinals Collected during the Four Seasons” [1] Lost, anonymous book on pharmaceutics. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Si shi cai yao ji he mu lu 四時採藥及合目錄, “Medicinals Collected during the Four Seasons with a Table of Contents.” 4 juan. LSZ mentions the work in the → Tong jun cai yao lu 桐 君采藥錄 entry in his bibliographical sections. Si shi yue ling 四時月令 → Si min yue ling 四民月令 Si shi zuan yao 四時纂要, “Edited Essentials on the Four Seasons” [1] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty agricultural text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Han E 韓諤. 5 juan (AV 10 juan). Fragments are quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御 覽, the → Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜, and other works. The → ZLBC lists the work in its bibliography but does not actually cite it. Likewise, LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections but not in his main text. Si xuan shi 司烜氏, “Gentleman in Charge of the Light of the Sun” [2] Official post mentioned in the Tian guan 天官, “Celestial Offices,” section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Responsible for using a brass mirror to collect solar heat to ignite dry grass, hereby obtaining a “pure fire” from the sun, or using mirrors to collect dew under the moonlight, hereby obtaining “pure water,” both for ritual purposes. Sibo 嗣伯 → Xu Sibo 徐嗣伯 Sima Biao 司馬彪 (died c. 306) [1] Western Jin 晉 historiographer. Style name Shaotong 紹統, a man of Wen xian 溫縣 in He nei 河內, in the west of present-day Wen xian in He nan 河南. He wrote a Zhuang zi zhu 莊子注, “Annotations to the Zhuang zi,” the Jiu zhou chun qiu 九州春秋, “Spring and Autumn Annals of the Nine Regions,” and a Xu Han shu 續漢書, “History of the Second Han,” (Cf. → Hou Han shu 後漢書 ). Both the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 and the → TJBC quote his comments on shi tuo 豕槖 in the → Zhuang zi 莊子 , and LSZ takes this over in SE zhu ling 豬苓. Sima Guang 司馬光 (1019-1086) [2] Northern Song 宋 high official and historiographer. Style name Junshi 君實, a man of Su shui 涑水 village in Xia xian 夏縣 in Shan zhou 陝州, now part of

431 Shan xi 山西. Also called Sushui xiansheng 涑水先生, “Gentleman of Su River,” jin shi 1038. He held court offices under the emperors Ren zong 仁宗 (→ Song Ren zong 宋仁宗) and Ying zong 英宗 and was one of the leaders of the conservative faction at court, an opponent of → Wang Anshi 王安石. In 1084, after more than 20 years of working on it, Sima Guang completed his comprehensive history, the Zi zhi tong jian 資治通鑒, “Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Governing.” After the ascension of Emperor Zhe zong 哲宗 (→ Song Zhe zong 宋 哲宗) to the throne, he rose to high posts in the central government and was awarded the title Duke of the State of Wen (Wen guo gong 溫國公). Apart from the Zi zhi tong jian, various writings of his were posthumously collected into the Sima Wen zheng gong ji 司馬文正公集, “Collection of the Literary and Upright Lord Sima,” the Ji gu lu 稽古錄, “Records Examining the Ancient Ways,” and other books. LSZ cites his lexicographical work → Ming yuan 名苑. Sima Qian 司馬遷 (born c. 145 or 135 BCE) [2] Western Han 漢 scholar, philosopher, and historiographer. Style name Zichang 子長, a man of Xia yang 夏陽, in the south of present-day Han cheng 韓城 in Shaan xi 陝西. In his early years, he travelled around, inspecting local customs and collecting information on legends and traditions. After holding his first office at court, he succeeded his father Sima Tan 司馬談 as Grand Astrologer or Grand Scribe (tai shi ling 太史令) in 108 BCE and finished compiling the latter’s general history of China, the Tai shi gong shu 太史公書, “Book of the Grand Scribes,” later known as the → Shi ji 史記. This became the first of China’s dynastic histories and set the pattern for later works in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Sima Xiangru 司馬相如 (c. 179-118 BCE) Western Han 漢 poet, author of ci 辭 and fu 賦 poetry. Style name Chang qing 長卿, a man of Cheng du 成都 in Shu jun 蜀郡, now part of Si chuan 四川. His fu include the → Zi xu fu 子虛賦 and its second (and later) part, the → Shang lin fu 上林賦. These are highly eulogizing descriptions of imperial parks and hunting reserves and thus contain many contemporary names of animals, plants, and minerals. Many of Sima Xiangru’s fu are contained in the → Shi ji 史記 and the → Han shu 漢書. LSZ refers to him as Sima Xiangru [5] and Xiangru 相如 [4]. Sima Xiangru fu 司馬相如賦 → Zi xu fu 子虛賦 Simiao 思邈 [143] This is → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. In the BCGM this designation is usually used in reference to quotations from the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方. Song 頌 → Su Song 蘇頌 Song ben 宋本, “Song Edition” [1] AN for the → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草. LSZ cites the alternative name fei shu 飛鼠 for fu yi 伏翼 from the Song ben. However, the ZLBC contains no reference to a fei shu. Presumably LSZ was in error about his source here.

432 Song ben cao 宋本草 → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草 Song cheng xiang 宋丞相, “Grand Councilor Song” (917-996) [1] This is the title of Song Qi 宋琪, a Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Shubao 叔寶, a man of Ji 薊 in You zhou 幽州, now part of Bei jing 北京. The Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ) lists a recipe to cure eye afflictions transmitted by him, and LSZ takes this over in SE xuan jing shi 玄精石. Song chuang lu 松窗錄 → Song chuang za ji 松窗雜記 Song chuang za ji 松窗雜記, “Miscellaneous records of the Pine Window” Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN there Song chuang za lu 松窗雜 錄, “Miscellaneous Records of the Pine Window,” also Song chuang xiao lu 松窗 小錄, “Lesser Record of the Pine Window.” Author uncertain. Song 宋 period bibliographies attribute the work to the Tang writer Wei Jun 韋濬 or Li Jun 李 濬, the → Shuo fu 説郛 attributes it to Du Xunhe 杜荀鶴. 1 juan. The book describes events taking place during the reign of the Tang emperor Ming huang 明皇 (→ Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗, r. 712-756) in some detail. LSZ lists the book Song chuang za ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites it as Song chuang lu [1] in the main text. The passage in question is also found in the → Kai yuan tian bao yi shi 開元天寶遺事, thus LSZ might have not quoted from the original work. Song du zong 宋度宗 (1240-1274) [1] This is Zhao Qi 趙祺, emperor of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty, r. 1265-1274. In SE xiang pu 香蒲, LSZ cites a story about him being treated for a swollen tongue from a → Zhi Yin fang 芝隱方. Song gao ji 嵩高記, “records of Song gao” [2] Lost book. Not listed in any of the standard bibliographical sources. The Southern Song 宋 Lu shi 路史, “Stories from the Provinces,” cites a Song gao ji by Lu Yuanming 盧元明, and this is what the → Bei shi 北史 refers to as Song gao shan miao ji 嵩高山廟記, “Temple Records of Mount Song gao,” by Lu Yuanming, a Northern Wei 魏 Chamberlain of the National Treasury (da si nong 大司農). The → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記 calls the text Song shan ji 嵩山記, “Records of Mount Song.” LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without naming an author and cites a fragment in SE fu ling 茯苓 second hand from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, which refers the same material to a Song gao shan ji 嵩高山記, “Records of Mount Song gao.” One fragment cited from a → Song shan ji 嵩山記 in SE ren gui 人傀 is referred to Lu Yuanming’s Song gao ji in the Lu shi, so the Song shan ji and the Song gao ji cited by LSZ are probably one and the same book. Song Gao zong 宋高宗 (1107-1187) This is Zhao Gou 趙構, emperor of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty, r. 1127-1162. LSZ mentions him as Song Gao zong [1] and as Gao zong 高宗 [7] in connection with his imperial order for the compilation of the Shao xing ben cao 紹興

433 本草, “The Shao xing Reign Period Materia Medica,” and other issues related to medicine. Note that some of these references to Gao zong might also be to → Tang Gao zong 唐高宗. Song Gao zu 宋高祖 → Liu Yu 劉裕 Song Guang zong 宋光宗 (1147-1200) [1] This is Zhao Dun 趙惇., emperor of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty, r. 1189-1194. LSZ refers to a taboo placed on the name of his empress Li 李 in SE feng xian 鳳仙. Song huang jing yan fang 松篁經驗方 → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方 Song Hui zong 宋徽宗 (1082-1135) This is Zhao Ji 趙佶, emperor of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty, r. 1100-1125. Hui zong took a special interest in Daoism and thus called himself Jiaozhu daojun huang di 教主道君皇帝, “Emperor, Religious Patriarch and Sovereign of the Dao.” He promoted the doctrine of the “five periods and six qi” (wu yun liu qi 五 運六氣) and had the → Sheng ji jing 聖濟經 written under his name. He also ordered the compilation of the → Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄 and other medical books. LSZ quotes these works as well as various anecdotes associated with Song Hui zong from contemporary brush note literature (bi ji 筆記), referring to the emperor as Song Hui zong [5] and as Hui zong 徽宗 [2]. He also cites a fragment from a → Song hui zong shi 宋徽宗詩. Song Hui zong shi 宋徽宗詩, “Poem of Emperor Hui zong of Song” Poem by → Song Hui zong 宋徽宗. LSZ cites one fragment in the main text of the BCGM. The same material is also associated with Song Hui zong in the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄), so LSZ was probably citing second hand in SE shu qu cao 鼠麴草. Song Huizhi 宋會之 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty renowned physician. A man of Hang zhou 杭州. He once resorted to dried si gua 絲瓜 and ba dou 巴豆 to cure “water gu” (shui gu 水蠱). → Xianyu Shu 鮮于樞 recorded this story (→ Gou xuan 鉤玄), and LSZ takes this over in SE si gua 絲瓜. Song Lian 宋濂 (1310-1381) Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 literatus and historiographer. Style name Jinglian 景濂, literary name Qianxi 潛溪, “Hidden Creek,” a man of Pu jiang 浦江 in Zhe jiang 浙江. In 1360 he was enlisted into the service of the Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝) with great ceremony, where he was to head the compilation of the standard history of the Yuan, the → Yuan shi 元史, during the early hong wu 洪武 reign period (1368-1398). He went on to hold various literary posts and was one of the eminent literati of the early Ming. He was the author of various books and also edited the → Yuan ying ji 淵穎集 of his teacher → Wu Lai 吳萊. Song’s works are collected in the Qianxi wen ji 潛溪文集, “Literary Collection of [Song] Qianxi,” (→ Qianxi ji 潛溪集). LSZ refers to him as Song Lian [2] and Song tai shi 宋太史, “Grand Scribe Song,” [1].

434 Song Ming di 宋明帝 (439-472) [1] This is Liu Yu 劉彧, emperor of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty, r. 465-472. Style name Xiubing 休炳. LSZ cites a story about one of his concubines suffering from “hair conglomeration-illness” (fa jia 髮瘕) in SE hu ma 胡麻. Song mo ji wen 松漠紀聞, “records of Things Heard in the Pine and desert Lands” [3] Song 宋 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋 史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Hong Hao 洪皓 (→ Hong Zhongxuan 洪忠宣). DC 1st half of the 12th century. 1 juan plus a 1 juan supplement. The author was a captive of the Jin 金 realm in the north for 15 years. Upon his return he wrote down his experiences in the Song mo ji wen. The title refers to the area where Hong lived during his captivity, namely at Leng shan 冷山, which was called Song mo 松漠 during Tang 唐 times and now belongs to Inner Mongolia. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text but seems confused about the authorship, twice erroneously making → Hong Mai 洪邁, the son of Hong Hao, the author and once correctly referring the Song mo ji wen to Hong Zhongxuan, Hong Hao’s posthumous name. Song Ning zong 宋寧宗 (1168-1224) [2] This is Zhao Kuo 趙擴, emperor of Southern Song 宋, r. 1194-1224. LSZ twice relates a medical case history of the emperor being cured of “dripping” (lin 淋) by → Sun Lin 孫琳. Song Qi 宋祁 (998-1061) [11] Northern Song 宋 scholar and historiographer. Style name Zijing 子京, a man of Yong qiu 雍丘 in Kai feng 開封, now Qi xian 杞縣 in He nan 河南. As a child he lived in An lu 安陸, now part of Hu bei 湖北. He passed the jin shi examinations in 1024 and served in the Han lin 翰林 Academy and the historiographer’s office. He co-authored the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) with → Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 and was responsible for the biographies there. Song was also the author of the Yi bu fang wu lüe ji 益部方物略記, “Brief Records of Local Products from Yi,” (→ Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物 贊) and other works of his own. Song Qianxi wen ji 宋潛溪文集 → Qianxi ji 潛溪集 Song Qiqiu 宋齊丘 (10th century) [3] This is Song Song 宋嵩, a man of the Southern Tang 唐 dynasty. Literary name Qiqiu zi 齊丘子, “Master of Qi qiu,” therefore people called him Song Qiqiu. According to the Si ku quan shu zong mu ti yao 四庫全書總目提要, “Index and General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” Song composed a preface to the → Hua shu 化書 by his teacher Tan Qiao 譚峭 (→ Tan zi 譚子) but in addition falsely claimed that the book was his own work, thus the book is attributed to Song Qiqiu in early bibliographies.

435 Song ren zong 宋仁宗 (1010-1063) This is Zhao Zhen 趙禎, emperor of Northern Song 宋, r. 1022-1063. During his reign editing and printing of the existing medical corpus was begun officially. LSZ refers to him as Song Ren zong [8] and as Ren zong 仁宗 [3]. Song shan ji 嵩山記, “records of Mount Song” [2] Lost book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Lu Xiu 盧鵂 (fl. tian bao 天寶 reign period (742-756)). LSZ lists the text in his bibliographical sections without naming an author. He also quotes it in SE ren gui 人傀, but this fragment is cited second hand from the Southern Song 宋 Lu shi 路史, “Stories from the Provinces,” which refers the same material to the → Song gao ji 嵩高記 of Lu Yuanming 盧元明. This book was sometimes called Song shan ji in secondary sources, so it it to be assumed that LSZ mixed up the titles and that the Song shan ji and the Song gao ji he cites are actually one and the same book. Song shi 宋史, “History of the Song” [15] Standard history of the Song 宋 dynasty. Written during the Yuan 元 period by the Mongol Tuotuo 脫脫 (AN Tuoketuo 托克托, Toghto) and others. DC 1345. 496 juan. The book is a full record of the Song dynasty from the time of its founding in 960 until 1274. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without referring to any author. Song Shizong 宋士宗 [1] Person of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. According to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記, his mother took a bath and was transformed into a soft-shelled turtle during the huang chu 黃初 reign period (220-226). LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Song shu 宋書, “History of the Song” [3] History of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Shen Yue 沈約. DC completed 487-488. 100 juan. The book recorded the 74 year history of the Liu Song dynasty (405-479) and included many imperial decrees, memorials to the throne, and other documents. Some parts were lost but were later restored from material in the → Nan shi 南史 and other works. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He also cites material from one individual chapter called Fu rui zhi 符瑞志, “Record of Auspicious Omens,” there (cf. → Fu rui ji 符瑞記). Song tai shi 宋太史 → Song Lian 宋濂 Song tai shi ji 宋太史集, “Collection of the Grand Scribe Song” [1] Title of a book. EE BCGM. Not listed in ancient or recent bibliographical sources. The fragment LSZ cites in SE fang min 方民 can be traced back to the Lu ming bian 祿命辯, “Debates on Human Destinies,” of the early Ming 明 author → Song Lian 宋濂 that is preserved in the Wenxian ji 文憲集, “Collection of [Song] Wenxian” (→ Qianxi ji 潛溪集). Song Lian was chief editor of the →

436 Yuan shi 元史, therefore LSZ speaks of him as Song tai shi 宋太史, “Grand Scribe Song.” Song Tai zong 宋太宗 (939-997) This is Zhao Jiong 趙炅 (AV Zhao Guangyi 趙光義), emperor of the Song 宋 dynasty, r. 976-997. Even before his ascension to the throne, he is said to have collected old medical recipes, and after his enthronement in 978 he ordered the compilation of the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 (completed 992) to which he wrote a preface. LSZ refers to him as Song Tai zong [1] and Tai zong 太宗 [1]. Song Tai zu 宋太祖 (927-976) This is Zhao Guangyin 趙匡胤, founding emperor of the Song 宋 dynasty, r. 960-976. A man of Zhuo zhou 涿州, now part of He bei 河北. He is said to have regarded medicine highly. LSZ mentions events of his time, referring to the emperor as Song Tai zu [1] and Tai zu 太祖 [2]. Song tui guan 宋推官, “Judge Song” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Personal name Zuoding 琢定. He obtained a recipe for treating external wounds by an application of cong bai 蔥白 that was initially used by → Dai Yaochen 戴堯臣. Song Wang Wei zan 宋王微贊, “Eulogies by Wang Wei of Song” [1] Text listed in the bibliography of the → ZLBC and taken over by LSZ. Actually this is not a name of a book but a general term for eulogies (zan 贊) written by → Wang Wei 王微. The ZLBC quotes several zan by Wang Wei including a Huang lian zan 黃連贊, “Eulogy on Goldthread Root,” a Fu ling zan 茯苓贊, “Eulogy on Hoelen,” and a Tao yi zan 桃飴贊, “Eulogy on Peach Syrup.” LSZ cites the Huang lian zan [1] and Fu ling zan [1] second hand. All these zan are also found in the → Chu xue ji 初學記. Song Wen di 宋文帝 → Liu Song Wen di 劉宋文帝 Song Xia 宋俠 [2] Physician of Sui 隋 and early Tang 唐 times. A man of Qing zhang 清漳 in Ming zhou 洺州, in the east of present-day Fei xiang 肥鄉 in He bei 河北. He held medical posts and was a famous doctor during his time. Author of the → Jing xin lu 經心錄. Song Xiao zong 宋孝宗 (1127-1194) [1] This is Zhao Rui 趙睿, emperor of the Song 宋 dynasty, r. 1162-1189. LSZ reproduces an episode about the emperor suffering from diarrhea. Song Xiaowu 宋孝武 (430-464) [1] This is Liu Jun 劉駿, emperor of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty, r. 453-464. According to → Han Baosheng 韓保昇, → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 was born in the third year of his reign (456), that is, the third year of the xiao jian 孝建 reign period. Song Xun 宋纁 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Served as Censor (yu shi 御史) in Shan xi 山西. In 1568 he submitted a memorial to the throne reporting that → Li Liangyu 李良

437 雨 had undergone a transformation from male to female. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Song ying zong 宋英宗 (1032-1067) [1] This is Zhao Shu 趙曙, emperor of Northern Song 宋, r. 1063-1067. In SE shu yu 薯蕷, LSZ informs that because of a taboo on the emperor’s name the herb shu yao 薯藥 was renamed shan yao 山藥. Song yu 宋玉 [2] Warring States 戰國 period poet from the state of Chu 楚. Occasionally identified as a disciple of → Qu Yuan 屈原. Famous for his ci fu 辭賦 poetry. His works, all lost now, are listed in the Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han,” and the Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書 經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” A section of the → Chu ci 楚辭 called Zhao hun 招魂, “Summoning the Hun Soul,” was claimed by → Wang Yi 王逸 of Eastern Han 漢 to have been written by Song Yu, and LSZ cites this as Song Yu’s → Xiao zhao 小招 in SE ji 雞. In addition, LSZ cites a Song Yu fu 宋玉賦, “Rhapsody by Song Yu” in SE zhi ju 枳椇, but the information he gives on nests in orange trees is not contained in the Chu ci. It can, however, be found in the third century Mao shi cao mu niao shou chong yu shu 毛詩草 木鳥獸蟲魚疏, “Commentary on Herbs, Trees, Birds, Beasts, Worms/Bugs, and Fish in the Mao Book of Songs” (→ Shi yi shu 詩義疏), where → Lu Ji 陸璣 labels it “the ancient saying goes” (gu yu yun 古語云). Later sources such as the Song 宋 → Yi shuo 醫説 attributed the sentence to Song Yu. Song Yu fu 宋玉賦 → Song Yu 宋玉 Song Zhe zong 宋哲宗 (1077-1100) This is Zhao Xu 趙煦, emperor of the Song 宋 dynasty, r. 1085-1100. LSZ refers to him as Song Zhe zong [1] and as Zhe zong 哲宗 [2] in connection with events that took place during his rule. Song Zhen zong 宋真宗 (968-1022) This is Zhao Heng 趙恆, emperor of Northern Song 宋, r. 998-1022. The BCGM cites numerous events that took place during his reign. For example, Song Zhen zong sent “pills with fresh rhinoceros” (sheng xi wan 生犀丸) to an unidentified → Gao xiang guo 高相國. To comply with the taboo on Zhen zong’s name, the pharmaceutical drug xuan hu suo 玄胡索 was renamed yan hu suo 延胡索. LSZ refers to the emperor as Song Zhen zong [5] and Zhen zong 真宗 [1]. Song Zhongfu 宋仲孚 → Zhu Zhongfu 朱仲孚 Songhuang 松篁 → Liu Songshi 劉松石 Songyang zi 嵩陽子 → Zhou Junchao 周君巢 Sou shen ji 搜神記, “records of Searching for the Supernatural” [11] Eastern Jin 晉 collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Gan Bao 干寶. 30 juan (original version), now 20 juan. The original text being lost, the extant version was restored in Ming 明 times from

438 fragments in the Fa yuan zhu lin 法苑珠林, “Forest of Gems in the Garden of the Dharma,” the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other sources. The book collects information from various periods about spiritual and numinous personages and stories, thereby preserving a good deal of mythology and folklore. Su 素 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Su 蘇 → Su Gong 蘇恭 Su dongpo 蘇東坡 → Su Shi 蘇軾 Su Dongpo ji 蘇東坡集 → Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集 Su Dongpo shi ji 蘇東坡詩集 → Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集 Su E 蘇鶚 [3] Man of the Tang 唐 dynasty. Style name Dexiang 德祥, a man of Wu gong 武 功, now part of Shaan xi 陝西, jin shi during the guang qi 光啟 reign period (885887). No information is available regarding his official career. Author of the → Su E yan yi 蘇鶚演義 and the Du yang za bian 杜陽雜編, “Miscellaneous Compilation of Du yang,” (→ Du yang bian 杜陽編). Su E yan yi 蘇鶚演義, “Setting Forth Ideas of Su E” [1] Lost Tang 唐 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小説). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Su E 蘇鶚. Originally 10 juan, present edition 2 juan. Although the book is actually a work of fiction, it also provides information on institutions and investigations on the names of things. Some of the material contained in it is also found in the → Gu jin zhu 古今注  and the → Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今注. LSZ cites the book in his main text only. However, the passage in question cannot be found in the present edition of the Su E yan yi but only in the Gu jin zhu. However, the received version of the Gu jin zhu is considered a Tang period forgery, and the Zhong hua gu jin zhu also copied indiscriminately from the Su E yan yi, so LSZ may have easily mixed up his sources. Su Gong 蘇恭 (7th century) This is the altered name of Su Jing 蘇敬, a Tang 唐 dynasty official and medical scholar. He was one of the three Tang experts on “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣) whose views on this topic were cited in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and the Japanese Ishimpō 醫心方, “Medical Core Recipes.” During the 650s, he appealed to the court to compile a materia medica. Between 657 and 659 22 persons, including → Changsun Wuji 長孫無忌 and Su Jing, the actual chairman of the collation committee, were ordered to compile the → Tang ben cao 唐本草. When the book was revised during the Northern Song 宋 dynasty, Su’s name was changed to Su Gong because of a naming taboo. This is why LSZ often refers to the Tang Ben cao as the Su Gong ben cao 蘇恭本草, “Materia Medica of Su Gong,” or to Su as Su Gong [372], as Gong 恭 [567], or as Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su” [7]. Su Gong ben cao 蘇恭本草 → Tang ben cao 唐本草

439 Su Huang 蘇黃, “[Mr.] Su and [Mr.] Huang” [2] Abbreviated names of → Su Shi 蘇軾 and → Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅. LSZ, in SE ying huo 螢火, states that Pang weng 龐翁, “Old Man Pang,” (→ Pang Anshi 龐安時) was a friend of Su and Huang’s held in high esteem. He also mentions a → Su Huang shou jian 蘇黃手簡. Su Huang shou jian 蘇黃手簡, “Letters of [Mr.] Su and [Mr.] Huang” [1] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The title refers to → Su Shi 蘇軾 and → Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅. Huang Tingjian was a disciple of Su Shi and the two were closely associated. Two juan of Huang Tingjian’s → Shan gu ji 山谷集 are called Jian chi 簡尺, “Correspondence,” but these do not contain any correspondence between Su and Huang. There is no Su Huang shou jian found in any of the standard bibliographies. LSZ lists this title in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text, thus nothing more can be said. Su hui ji 溯洄集, “Collection returning to the Sources” Yuan 元 dynasty collection of medical essays. FE → Yi shi 醫史, biography of → Wang Lü 王履. AN Yi jing su hui ji 醫經溯洄集, “Collection Returning to the Sources of the Medical Classics.” Written by Wang Lü. DC 1368. 1 juan. The book was the result of the author’s investigations of ancient medical classics like the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 or the → Shang han lun 傷寒論 , during which he attempted to trace medical thought back to its origins, thus the title of the work. LSZ cites the book as Su hui ji [3] or by the name of the author Wang Lü [3] alone. Su Jingzhong 蘇景中 → Su Jingzhong 蘇景仲 Su Jingzhong 蘇景仲 Tang 唐 dynasty person. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要 cites a recipe to re-connect ruptured sinews from the → Bi xiao fang 必效方 that allegedly originated in the family of Su Jingzhong. The → ZLBC erroneously takes this over as Su Jingzhong 蘇景中 [1], and LSZ follows this mistake in SE xuan hua 旋花. Su nü jing 素女經, “Classic of the Pure Woman” [1] Book on sexual matters and gynecology. → Ge Hong 葛洪, in the inner chapters of the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , mentions a Su nü jing and a Xuan nü jing 玄女經, “Classic of the Mysterious Woman,” among the Daoist classics (→ Dao jing 道 經), so the Su nü jing may be considered a Daoist text. The Su nü jing material quoted in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要方 deals with concretions and accumulations in females, with issues associated with delivery, and with diseases of the genital organs. By contrast, the Su nü jing fragments in the Japanese Ishimpō 醫心方, “Medical Core Recipes,” focus on issues related to sexual intercourse. LSZ cites a recipe second hand from the Wai tai mi yao fang in SE shu 鼠. Su Pu 蘇朴 [1] Southern Song 宋 official, a county magistrate (xian ling 縣令) of Qian tang 錢塘. He once gave → Li Youzhi 李祐之 a recipe that cured the patient of his “melting and thirst” (xiao ke 消渴). LSZ cites this in SE shao yao 芍藥.

440 Su Qiu 蘇遒 → Su You 蘇游 Su Sha shi 宿沙氏, “Gentleman Su Sha” [1] Legendary minister of the Yellow Thearch, → Huang di 黃帝 . He is said to have initiated the production of salt by boiling ocean water. The → Shi wu ji yuan 事物紀原 states that all authors discussing the history of salt production by boiling mention his name. LSZ does so in SE shi yan 食鹽. Su Shao 蘇紹 [1] Northern and Southern Dynasties period person, fl. during the Chen 陳 dynasty (557-589). LSZ, in SE pi li zhen 霹靂砧, states that Su Shao had obtained a stony meteorite shaped like a hammer (lei zhui 雷錘) that weighed nine pounds. The source of this statement remains to be verified. Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方, “Good recipes of [Mr.] Su and [Mr.] Shen” Southern Song 宋 collection of medical recipes. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝 文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” The book is a compilation of the → Liang fang 良方  of → Shen Gua 沈括 (style name Cunzhong 存中) and the Su xueshi fang 蘇學士方, “Recipes of Scholar Su,” of → Su Shi 蘇 軾 (literary name Dongpo 東坡). 10 juan (AV 15 juan). The collection included recipes that the authors considered effective, essays on medical principles, materia medica, moxibustion methods, and methods of life cultivation. LSZ cites the book as Su Shen liang fang [6], as Shen Cunzhong fang 沈存中方, “Recipes of Shen Cunzhong,” [1], as Dongpo jia cang fang 東坡家藏方, “Recipes Preserved in the Family of [Su] Dongpo,” [1], as Dongpo liang fang 東坡良方, “Good Recipes of [Su] Dongpo,” [1], and as Liang fang 良方, “Good Recipes,” [3]. In the latter case he labels the title with the names Shen Cunzhong 沈存中 or Su Dongpo 蘇東坡. Su Shi 蘇軾 (1037-1101) Northern Song 宋 literatus, calligrapher, painter, poet, and political figure. Style name Zizhan 子瞻, literary name Dongpo jushi 東坡居士, “Retired Scholar of the Eastern Hillside,” therefore generally called Su Dongpo 蘇東坡. A man of Mei shan 眉山 in Mei zhou 眉州, now part of Si chuan 四川, jin shi 1057. He was a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy during the reign of → Song Zhe zong 宋 哲宗, hence his nickname Su Neihan 蘇内翰, “Su of the Han[lin Academy].” Su was a protégé of → Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 and went on to hold high court offices such as Minister of Rites (li bu shang shu 禮部尚書). He was constantly in trouble for his political views, however, and was banished from court to hold various regional offices. His literary work was profuse and he is famed as a poet, one of the eight great poets of Tang 唐 and Song times. Versatile as he was, Su Shi even took an interest in medicine and wrote the Su xueshi fang 蘇學士方, “Recipes of Scholar Su,” which was later combined with the → Liang fang 良方  of → Shen Gua 沈括 to form the → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方. In addition to his specialized medical works, his literary collection, the Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo,” (→ Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集) contains a number of poems connected to medicine. In addition, the → Wu lei xiang gan zhi 物類相感志 is falsely attributed to Su Shi, while the → Qiu chi bi ji 仇池筆

441 記, also attributed to him, was composed from scattered writings of Su’s by later authors. LSZ frequently quotes Su’s books as well as his discourses on medical issues, but he hardly ever specifies which book exactly he took his material from. He refers to Su directly as Su Shi [4], as Su Dongpo [18], as Dongpo 東坡 [2], or Su zi 蘇子, “Master Su,” [1]. Su Shi’s → Han ju shi 寒具詩 is erroneously attributed to → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 by LSZ. Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su”  [7] → Su Gong 蘇恭 or Su Jing 蘇敬, one of the authors of the → Tang ben cao 唐本草  [12] → Su Song 蘇頌, author of the → Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草

 [3] In connection with the → Bi pu 筆譜, the → Yan pu 硯譜, and the → Mo pu 墨譜, this is → Su Yijian 蘇易簡, author of the Wen fang si pu 文房四譜, “Four Treatises on the [Tools of the] Study,” (→ Zhi pu 紙譜). Su Song 蘇頌 (1019-1101) Northern Song 宋 expert in celestial patterns (tian wen 天文) and pharmaceutics. Style name Zirong 子容, a man of Nan an 南安 in Quan zhou 泉州, now Tong an 同安 in Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1042. He held various official posts and was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Wei (Wei guo gong 魏國公). In 1057 he was appointed to the office for the revision of medical books. He was the compiler of the → Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草, the Xin yi xiang fa yao 新儀象法要, “Essentials of the Method for the New Armillary Sphere and Celestial Globe,” and other books. LSZ refers to him as Su Song [344], as Zirong [1], as Wei guo gong [1], as Song 頌 [1293], and as Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su” [12]. Su Taoguang 蘇韜光 [2] Southern Song 宋 official and physician, fl. around the qian dao 乾道 reign period (1165-1173). He once served as a county official in Qing liu 清流, now part of Fu jian 福建. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 lists numerous examples of his recipes and their therapeutic results. His successful cure of the daughter-in-law of → Shentu Xingfu 申屠行輔, who following partition fell ill with an epidemic disease, is cited in SE ren shen 人參, where Su Taoguang is erroneously identified as Vice Minister (shi lang 侍郎). Su wen 素問 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Su wen 蘇文, “Su’s Text” [1] Abbreviation for a piece of writing of → Su Shi 蘇軾. LSZ cites the alternative name ji ju zi 鷄距子 for zhi ju 枳椇 from a Su wen. This name occurs in connection with a case report about the illness of → Jie Yingchen 揭穎臣 in the → Su Shen liang fang 素沈良方 that was recorded by Su Shi. Su yan 蘇彥 (3rd to 4th century) [1] Western Jin 晉 official. The Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” lists a Su Yan ji 蘇彥集, “Collection of Su Yan,” in 10 juan, now lost. However, parts of his poems are included in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 and other works. LSZ takes over a fragment from a

442 Nü zhen song 女貞頌, “Eulogy on the Privet Fruit,” cited in the Yi wen lei ju, as Su Yan song xu 蘇彥頌序, “Preface to a Eulogy of Su Yan,” in SE nü zhen 女貞. Su yijian 蘇易簡 (958-996) Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Taijian 太簡, a man of Tong shan 銅山 in Zi zhou 梓州, now part of Si chuan 四川, jin shi 980. Su moved up into central government positions in 993 and was known for his calligraphy and literary skills. He participated in the compilation of the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑 英華 and was the author of the Xu Han lin zhi 續翰林志, “Sequel to the Records of the Han lin Academy,” and the Wen fang si pu 文房四譜, “Four Treatises on the [Tools of the] Study,” (→ Zhi pu 紙譜). LSZ does not cite this collection as a whole but only its individual components, the Zhi pu, the → Bi pu 筆譜, the → Mo pu 墨譜, and the → Yan pu 硯譜. LSZ refers to Su as Su Yijian [2] and as Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su” [3]. Su you 蘇游 Tang 唐 dynasty physician. He was the author of the → Xuan gan chuan shi lun 玄感傳屍論, the Tai yi tie yin shen dan fang 太一鐵胤神丹方, “Tai yi’s Divine Elixir Recipes with Iron Filings” (AN Tie fen lun 鐵粉論, “Discourse on Iron Powder”), and other books. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 cites some recipes from the former work. LSZ erroneously writes his name Su Qiu 蘇遒 [1] when listing the Xuan gan zhuang shi lun in his bibliographical sections but refers to him correctly as Su You [2] in the main text. Su zi 蘇子 → Su Shi 蘇軾 Su Ziyou 蘇子由 (1039-1112) [1] This is the style name of Su Zhe 蘇轍, a Northern Song 宋 literatus and the younger brother of → Su Shi 蘇軾. Literary name Yingbin yilao 穎濱遺老, “Old, Experienced Man of Ying bin.” A man of Mei shan 眉山 in Mei zhou 眉 州, now part of Si chuan 四川. Jin shi during the jia you 嘉祐 reign period (10561063). Served as Assistant Director of the Right at the Department of State Affairs (shang shu you cheng 尚書右丞) and in other high positions. LSZ cites one of his poems in SE li 栗, the original text of which can be found in the Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations.” Sui ren shi 燧人氏, “Mr. Flintstone Man” [1] Legendary ruler, culture hero, and discoverer of fire. Tradition has it that he helped the people get rid of rotten foods, stench, and disease by showing them how to light a fire with a flintstone. Sui shen bei ji fang 隨身備急方, “Emergency recipes to Be Kept at One’s Side” Medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Zhang Wenzhong 張文 仲. DC late 7th century. 3 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are quoted in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and the → ZLBC. LSZ lists the work as Sui shen bei ji fang [1] in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites it as Bei ji fang 備急方, “Emergency Recipes,” of Zhang Wenzhong [26], as Zhang Wenzhong fang 張文仲方, “Recipes of Zhang Wenzhong,” [20], or simply

443 referring to the author Zhang Wenzhong [4]. There are also 13 references to a → Bei ji fang 備急方 without mention of an author, but this designation might refer to other books as well. Sui shi guang ji 歲時廣記, “Extensive records of the Four Seasons” [1] Lost Southern Tang 唐 dynasty text written by → Xu Kai 徐鍇. The → TJBC quotes a fragment which is taken over by LSZ in the main text of the BCGM. There is also a Southern Song 宋 book of the same name by → Chen Yuanliang 陳元靚 in 4 juan. It is still extant, but since LSZ refers to the Xu Kai text specifically, that is not the book he is quoting. Sui shi ji 歲時記 → Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記 Sui shu 隋書, “History of the Sui” [6] Standard history of the Sui dynasty, compiled during the Tang 唐 period in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體) by → Wei Zheng 魏徵 and others. DC completed 636. 85 juan. The work focuses on the history of the Sui dynasty but also details decrees, rules, and institutions of the previous dynasties of Liang 梁, Chen 陳, Qi 齊, and Zhou 周. Annals and biographies begin with Emperor Wen 文 of Sui and end with the time of Emperor Gong 恭, thus covering the period between 581 and 618. The bibliographic treatise (jing ji zhi 經籍志) contained in the Sui shu set the standard for later book catalogues with its classification of literature into four groups: classics (jing 經), histories (shi 史), philosophical works (zi 子), and collections (ji 集). Sui Wen di 隋文帝 (541-604) This is Yang Jian 楊堅, the founder and first emperor of the Sui 隋 dynasty, r. 581604. LSZ relates events that occurred during his time, referring to the emperor as Sui Wen di [1] and as Wen di 文帝 [1]. Sui yang di 隋煬帝 (569-618) This is Yang Guang 楊廣, emperor of the Sui 隋 dynasty, r. 604-618, the main initiator for the construction of the Grand Canal. His river works are the subject of the → Kai he ji 開河記, and LSZ also cites other events related to the emperor from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, the → Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄, and the → Nan jun ji 南郡記, referring to him as Sui Yang di [4] and Yang di 煬帝 [3]. Sui Yang di kai he ji 隋煬帝開河記 → Kai he ji 開河記 Sun 孫 → Sun Simiao 孫思邈 Sun Biyun 孫碧雲 [1] Ming 明 dynasty Daoist, a man of Feng yi 馮翊, now Da li 大荔 in Shaan xi 陝 西. He once received instructions from → Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰 at Hua shan 華山. During the yong le 永樂 reign period (1403-1424) he was granted the literary name Xuxuan zi 虛宣子, “Proclaimed Master of the Void,” and returned to Wu dang shan 武當山. He died at the age of 73 years. LSZ cites a recipe of his second hand from the → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 in SE da huang 大黃.

444 Sun Fazong 孫法宗 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty person. A man of Wu xing 吳興, now Hu zhou 湖州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. His exemplary filial piety is recorded in the → Nan shi 南 史, which also relates a story about how he suffered from a wound on his head but was cured by a recipe transmitted to him by a celestial messenger. LSZ cites this story in SE niu 牛 but erroneously gives the → Song shu 宋書 as his source. Sun Guangxian 孫光憲 (c. 895-968) [6] Five Dynasties, early Song 宋 literatus. Style name Mengwen 孟文, literary name Baoguang zi 葆光子, “Master of Luxurious Radiance,” a man of Gui ping 貴平 in Ling zhou 陵州, in the northeast of present-day Ren shou 仁壽 in Si chuan 四川. He collected books and compared and corrected them, even in his old age. As an official, he served in the kingdom of Nan ping 南平 ( Jing nan 荆 南) for three generations and was appointed prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Huang zhou 黃州 under the Song. Sun was the author of the → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言 and other books. Sun jia xi nu 孫家奚奴, “Boy Servant of Family Liu” [1] Northern and Southern Dynasties period person. Personal name unknown. The → Yi yuan 異苑 relates his abilities to save the lives of people injured by tigers or snake bites. He did so solely with his breath. LSZ cites this in SE ren qi 人氣. Sun Lin 孫琳 Southern Song 宋 medical official, fl. late 12th to early 13th century. He once used a dietary medication with three ingredients to cure emperor → Song Ning zong 宋寧宗 of blocked urination. He also cured → Zhang Zhihe 張知閤 from malaria. LSZ relates various cases of his, referring to Sun as Sun Lin [4] and Lin 琳 [8]. Sun Mian 孫愐 [9] Tang 唐 dynasty expert in phonology and rhymes. Held a local post in Chen zhou 陳州 during the tian bao 天寶 reign period (742-756). Author of the → Tang yun 唐韻, an expansion of the → Qie yun 切韻. Since the later → Guang yun 廣韻 preserves Sun’s preface to the Tang yun, LSZ erroneously also refers the Guang yun to Sun. Sun pu 筍譜, “Treatise on Bamboo Shoots” Song 宋 dynasty text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by the monk → Zanning 贊寧 . The book is organized in the same way as the → Cha jing 茶經 of → Lu Yu 陸羽, dividing its material into 5 parts that discuss different aspects of bamboo, i.e., terminology, origins of bamboo varieties, bamboo as food, events, and sayings. The book is rich in its use of sources, many of which are now lost. It is also a valuable source in itself for studies on bamboo. LSZ cites the book as Sun pu [3] in his main text but does not list the name in his bibliographical sections. He does, however, cite a → Zhu pu 竹譜  [2] by Zanning in his bibliography and the main text, which is most likely an erroneous designation for the Sun pu.

445 Sun rouzhi 孫柔之 [1] Man of the Western Jin 晉 dynasty or before. No details available. Author of the → Rui ying tu ji 瑞應圖記. Sun Shangyao 孫尚藥 → Sun Yonghe 孫用和 Sun Shangyao fang 孫尚藥方 → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方 Sun Shaoxian 孫紹先 [1] Late Northern Song 宋 person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Tuizhai ya wen lu 退齋雅聞錄 lists a recipe of his to cure severe blood spitting. LSZ cites this in SE zhi zhu 蜘蛛 but erroneously gives the source as Tuizhai xian lan 退齋閑錄, “Idle Views of [Hou] Tuizhai.” Sun Sheng tan pu 孫昇談圃, “repository of Conversations with Sun Sheng” [4] This is LSZ’s name for the Sun gong tan pu 孫公談圃, “Repository of Conversations with the Honorable Mr. Sun,” a Northern Song 宋 book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Tan pu 談圃, “Repository of Conversations.” Written by Liu Yanshi 劉延世. DC 1101. 3 juan. Sun Sheng 孫昇 was an official in the Secretariat-Chancellery (zhong shu 中書), who was banished to Ting zhou 汀州 for factional activity at the beginning of the shao sheng 紹聖 reign period (1094-1097). Liu Yanshi, a man of Lin jiang 臨江 in present-day Jiang xi 江西, followed him on his travels and recorded his conversations with Sun to create the Sun gong tan pu. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating the author. Sun shi 孫氏, “Mr. Sun” Name of various medical writers. In the cases where LSZ quotes a Sun shi but omits the name of the connected book [6], his sources remain uncertain.  [44] In connection with the → Ji xiao fang 集效方 , this is → Sun Tianren 孫天仁.

 [4] Yuan 元 dynasty medical theorist, possibly a man called Sun Rencun 孫 仁存, but this is not certain. He is associated by LSZ with the lost → Rencun tang jing yan fang 仁存堂經驗方. LSZ refers to a Sun shi in connection with this work.  [1] Unidentifiable author of the → Sun shi ji yan fang 孫氏集驗方

 [1] → Sun Yan 孫炎, author of the → Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義 Sun shi ji yan fang 孫氏集驗方, “Collected and Proven recipes of Mr. Sun” [1] Medical recipe book listed in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM. The attributed author Sun shi 孫氏, “Mr. Sun,” is unidentifiable. Since LSZ does not cite any material from this work in the main text or offer any additional information, it is impossible to say which text and author he is referring to.

446 Sun shi lang 孫侍郎, “Vice Minister Sun” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, served as Vice Minister of Rites (li bu shi lang 禮部侍 郎). The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要方 lists a recipe to cure demon qi and eliminate evil, stating that it had been used successfully to cure a member of Sun shi lang’s household who suffered from such an ailment. LSZ relates this in SE a wei 阿魏. Sun Simiao 孫思邈 (581-682?) Tang 唐 dynasty physician. A man of Hua yuan 華原 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Luo xian 耀縣 in Shaan xi 陝西. He received the title of Miaoying zhenren 妙應 真人, “Perfected One of Subtle Responses,” and was therefore called Sun zhenren 孫真人, “Sun the Perfected One.” Both the "Old" and the "New History" of the Tang (→ Tang shu 唐書) contain his biography. Allegedly, Sun was considered a person of outstanding literary talent who was well versed in Confucianist thought as well as Daoism and Buddhism. He is described as having lived as a recluse at various stages of his life and having been repeatedly summoned to court by successive emperors. Most of this is not proven fact. Books written by Sun Simiao or attributed to him are numerous. Those used extensively by LSZ include the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, the → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼 方, the → Qian jin sui fang 千金髓方, the → Qian jin yue ling fang 千金月令 方, the → Qian jin shi zhi 千金食治, the → Sun zhenren shi ji 孫真人食忌, and the → Zhen zhong ji 枕中記 . Apart from these, the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” attributes various other works to Sun, e.g., the → Zhen zhong su shu 枕中素書, the → She sheng zhen lu 攝生真錄, the → Fu lu lun 福 祿論, the → San jiao lun 三教論, and commentaries on the → Lao zi 老子  and the → Zhuang zi 莊子 . LSZ refers to Sun as Sun Simiao [214], as Sun zhenren [48], and as Simiao 思邈 [142]. References to Sun 孫 [2] alone are to the Qian jin shi zhi. Sun Tanxuan 孫探玄 → Sun Tianren 孫天仁 Sun Tianren 孫天仁 Ming 明 dynasty person. Style name Rongshan 容山, literary name Tanxuan zi 探玄子, “The Master Who Explores the Mysterious.” Further details about his life are unavailable. Author of the Sanfeng Zhang zhenren shen su wan ying fang 三丰張真人神速萬應方, “Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One’s Recipes of Divine Swiftness and Ten-thousand Responses,” cited as → Ji xiao fang 集效方  by LSZ. LSZ refers to Sun as Sun Tianren [17], as Sun shi 孫氏, “Mr. Sun,” [44], as Sun Tanxuan 孫探玄 [1], and erroneously as Sun zhenren 孫真人,“Sun the Perfected One,” [1]. Sun yan 孫炎 Confucian scholar and expert in lexicography from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Shuran 叔然, a man of Le an 樂安, now Bo xing 博興 in Shan dong 山東. Sun was a disciple of → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 and was called Dongzhou daru 東州大儒, “Great Scholar of the Eastern Regions.” He was the author of the Zhou yi chun qiu li 周易春秋例, “Examples from the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Annals,” and an Er ya

447 yin yi 爾雅音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning in the Er ya,” (→ Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義). He also annotated various ancient texts such as the → Mao shi 毛詩, the → Li ji 禮記, or the → Guo yu 國語. LSZ refers to Sun as Sun Yan [21] and Sun shi 孫氏, “Mr. Sun,” [1]. Sun Yan zhu 孫炎注 → Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義 Sun Yan zhu Er ya 孫炎注爾雅 → Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義 Sun yisong 孫一松 [2] Author of a lost → Shi xiao fang 試效方 . Further details unavailable. Sun yonghe 孫用和 Northern Song 宋 physician. Originally from Wei zhou 衛州, now Ji xian 汲縣 in He nan 河南, he later moved to He yang 河陽, now Meng xian 孟縣. During the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1063), he cured the empress of a disease and was therefore awarded with various medical posts such as Head of the Palace Medical Service (shang yao feng yu 上藥奉禦) and Imperial Physician (tai yi ling 太醫令), thus people called him Sun Shangyao 孫尚藥, “Sun of the Palace Medical Service.” His sons → Sun Zhao 孫兆 and Sun Qi 孫奇 were also famous physicians. Sun Yonghe was the author of the → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方. LSZ refers to him as Sun Yonghe [12] and Sun Shangyao [6]. Sun Yonghe fang 孫用和方 → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方 Sun yuangui 孫元規 [1] Northern Song 宋 official, held a local post in Hang zhou 杭州 during the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1063). According to the → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方, he resorted to a “bright moon elixir” (ming yue dan 明月丹) to cure the exhaustion disease of → Wan Rong 萬融. LSZ cites this in SE tu 兔. Sun Zhao 孫兆 (11th century) [11] Northern Song 宋 physician, second son of → Sun Yonghe 孫用和. He held high court posts and was part of the bureau for the revision of medical texts, where he participated in the revision of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. He was also the author of a Shang han fang 傷寒方, “Recipes Against Harm Caused by Cold.” The → ZLBC cites a Sun Zhao fang 孫兆方, “Recipes of Sun Zhao,” and a → Kou jue 口訣 by Sun Zhao, which some consider an abbreviation for Sun Yonghe’s Chuan jia mi bao mai zheng kou jue bing fang 傳家秘寶脈證口訣 并方, “Secret and Precious Recipes and Rhymed Instructions on Vessel [Movements] and Disease Signs, Transmitted within the Family” (→ Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方). The Mi bao fang 秘寶方, “Secret and Previous Recipes,” passages that LSZ refers to Sun Zhao are all taken from the ZLBC, which refers the same material to Sun Yonghe rather than Sun Zhao. There is no Mi bao fang by Sun Zhao mentioned there at all. Sun zhenren 孫真人  [48] → Sun Simiao 孫思邈  [1] In connection with the → Ji xiao fang 集效方 , this is an erroneous name for → Sun Tianren 孫天仁.

448 Sun zhenren fang 孫真人方 → Sun zhenren shi ji 孫真人食忌 Sun zhenren shi ji 孫真人食忌, “Sun the Perfected One’s dietary Prohibitions” Book on dietary therapy. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Attributed to → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. The original book is lost, but the ZLBC quotes more than 40 fragments that differ considerably in content from the material found in the → Qian jin shi zhi 千金食治. The text focuses on the application of foodstuffs and everyday objects in the treatment of disease, and there is also a small amount of information on food prohibitions. LSZ cites the book second hand as Sun zhenren shi ji [9] and Sun zhenren fang 孫真人方, “Recipes of Sun the Perfected One,” [22]. Sun Zhenzong 孫貞宗 [1] Erroneous name for → Sun Yonghe 孫用和 (AV in the BCGM Jiang xi 江西 edition Sun Zhenzong 孫真宗). LSZ refers a fragment from a Mi bao fang 秘寶 方, “Secret and Previous Recipes,” (→ Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方) to Sun Zhenzong, which is labeled Sun Shangyao 孫尚藥 in the ZLBC. Sun Shangyao is a name given to Sun Yonghe in reference to his medical post at court. Sun Zhongying 孫仲盈 [1] Song 宋 to Yuan 元 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Dan liao fang 澹寮方 of 1283 reports his experience of treating blood spitting with a preparation of rice and lotus seeds. LSZ cites this in SE dao 稻. Sunshu ao 孫叔敖 [1] This is the style name and personal name of Wei Ao 蒍敖, a Spring and Autumn period high official from the state of Chu 楚. A man of Qi si 期思 in the southeast of present-day Huai bin 淮濱 in He nan 河南. Served as Prime Minister (ling yin 令尹) of Chu and assisted King Zhuang 莊 (r. BCE 613-591) in governing. He possessed outstanding abilities in military matters and maintaining water control. Legend has it that as a child he saw a snake with two heads. He considered it an inauspicious omen and buried it. The story is recorded in the → Xin shu 新書, the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, and other texts. LSZ cites it second hand in SE liang tou she 兩頭蛇. Sunzhi 損之 → Yang Sunzhi 楊損之 Suo sui lu 瑣碎錄, “records of Trivial Things” [9] Southern Song 宋 encyclopedia. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Fen men suo sui lu 分門瑣碎錄, “Record of Trivial Things Divided into Chapters.” Written by Wen Ge 溫革, supplemented by Chen Ye 陳曅. 20 juan. The book was divided into 30 chapters, each chapter collecting related source material on one category of things. Most of the book is lost, only the part on agricultural techniques survives. Some fragments are preserved in the → Yi shuo 醫説 and other books, from which LSZ takes his citations. The Suo sui lu relied on many earlier works, therefore some of the material LSZ cites from it is also found in earlier texts, e.g., the fragment reproduced in SE fu zi 附子 is originally from the Northern Song Jia shi tan lu 賈氏談錄, “Records of Talks with Mr. Jia,” of Zhang Ji 張洎.

449 The author Wen Ge was a Song official. Style name Shupi 叔皮, a man of Hui an 惠安, now part of Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1138. He served in various high court posts until he was demoted to local posts in his native Fu jian for angering the then powerful prime minister Qin Hui 秦檜. Suo yan 瑣言 → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言

-TTai bai jing 太白經 → Tai bai jing zhu 太白經注 Tai bai jing zhu 太白經注, “annotations to the Venus Classic” This is LSZ’s name for the Tai bai yin jing 太白陰經, “Secret Classic of the Venus,” a Tang 唐 dynasty military book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Li Quan 李筌. 10 juan. The book describes military strategies and techniques. It also touches upon medical recipes and various kinds of divination. LSZ cites the book as Tai bai jing zhu [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and as Tai bai jing 太白經, “Venus Classic,” [1]. Tai cang gong 太倉公 → Chunyu Yi 淳於意 Tai cang gong fang 太倉公方, “recipes of the Lord of the Imperial Granaries” [1] Pharmaceutical recipes associated with → Chunyu Yi 淳於意 (Tai cang gong 太倉公, “Lord of the Imperial Granaries”) of Western Han 漢. The recipes are mentioned in his → Shi ji 史記 biography, the Cang gong lie zhuan 倉公列傳, “Biography of the Lord of the Granary,” (→ Chunyu Yi zhuan 淳於意傳). These recipes are incorrectly considered an independent book by the → ZLBC and called Tai cang gong fang. LSZ takes over this error and lists the assumed book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite any material in the main text. He does, however, cite various case studies from Chunyu Yi’s biography there. Tai chan fang 胎產方 → Xu shi tai chan fang 徐氏胎產方 Tai chan xu zhi 胎產須知 → Bian chan xu zhi 便產須知 Tai chang cai yao shi yue 太常采藥時月, “Seasons and Months during which the Minister of Ceremonies Gathers Medicinals” [1] Lost, anonymous book on pharmaceutics. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” 1 juan. LSZ mentions the book in the → Tong jun cai yao lu 桐君采藥録 entry in his bibliographical sections. Tai fu 苔賦, “rhapsody on Moss” [2] Fu 賦 found in the Li ze cong shu 笠澤叢書, “Collected Books from Li ze,” by the Tang 唐 dynasty author → Lu Guimeng 陸龜蒙. LSZ cites the poem in his main text second hand from the → TJBC.

450 Tai he shan zhi 太和山志, “records of Mount Tai he” Ming 明 dynasty geographical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Tai yue tai he shan zhi 太 岳太和山志, “Records of Mount Tai yue or Tai he.” Written by the Daoist Ren Ziyuan 任自垣. DC 1425. 15 juan. There is also an expanded book of the same name written by the Daoist Tian Yu 田玉, DC 1583. Tai he shan 太和山 or Tai yue is Wu dang shan 武當山 in the northwestern parts of Hu bei 湖北, along the southern flanks of the river Han 漢. This place produces many medicinal substances, thus its importance for LSZ who frequently refers to medicinals from the area. LSZ lists the book as Tai he shan zhi [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Tai he zhi 太和志, “Records of Tai he,” in the main text without naming an author. Thus it remains uncertain whether he was using the work of Ren Ziyuan or that of Tian Yu. Tai he zhi 太和志 → Tai he shan zhi 太和山志 Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, “Extensive records of the Tai ping reign Period” [3] Northern Song 宋 encyclopedia and anthology of stories. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” AN Guang ji 廣記, “Extensive Records.” The text collects 475 Han 漢 to Song 宋 short stories, brush notes, unofficial histories, and other texts, preserving a large amount of early short stories in particular. The → ZLBC frequently quotes material from the collection. Even though LSZ rarely cites the work directly, he used it extensively as a source for pre-Song material. Tai ping he ji ju fang 太平和劑局方 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, “universal Geography of the Tai ping reign Period” [2] Northern Song 宋 anthology of geographical texts, apparently produced to accompany now lost general maps of the Song empire. Written by → Yue Shi 樂 史. DC 987-988. 200 juan, plus a 2 juan table of contents. The collection takes its material from various local geographies, the classics, and other writings. It is organized like the Yuan he jun xian zhi 元和郡縣志, “Records of Prefectures and Counties of the Yuan he Reign Period,” adding substantial information about local customs, surnames, individuals, local products, and the four “barbarian” tribes of the West. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but only cites one fragment from it in SE bu hui mu 不灰木. References to a Huan yu zhi 寰宇志, “Universal Gazetteer,” in the main text are to the Huan yu tong zhi 寰宇通志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Universe,” (→ Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統 志) and not the Tai ping huan yu ji. Tai ping hui ming he ji ju fang 太平惠民和劑局方 → He ji ju fang 和劑局方 Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方, “Sagely and Benevolent recipes of the Tai ping reign Period” Medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by Wang Huaiyin 王懷隱 and others at imperial order of → Song Tai zong 宋太宗, thus the emperor is sometimes

451 considered the author. DC 978-992. 100 juan. The text is divided into 1670 chapters and contains 6834 recipes. Each chapter is preceded by a discourse from the Zhu bing yuan hou lun 諸病源候論, “Discourse on the Origins and Symptoms of All Diseases” (→ Bing yuan lun 病原論) of → Chao Yuanfang 巢元方. LSZ quotes the book as Tai ping sheng hui fang [11], as Sheng hui fang 聖惠方, “Sagely and Benevolent Recipes,” [699], or as Sheng hui 聖惠, “Sagely and Benevolent,” [227]. Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, “Imperial Overview of the Tai ping reign Period” Song 宋 dynasty encyclopedia. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by → Li Fang 李昉 and others at imperial order of → Song Tai zong 宋太宗. DC 976-984. 1000 juan, divided into 5363 categories. The book uses a wide variety of sources, 1690 works in all. These include 100 Han 漢 dynasty biographies, 200 ancient local geographies, and many Han period texts on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯). Most of these are now lost, therefore the Tai ping yu lan provides a valuable source for older material. Even though LSZ does not cite the text directly very often, as Tai ping yu lan [3] and as Yu lan 御覽, “Imperial Overview,” [4], the book constituted one of LSZ’s most important sources for second hand quotations of early materia medica literature. Tai qing cao mu fang 太清草木方, “Herb and Tree recipes of Great Clarity” Lost Daoist pharmaceutical book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Tai qing cao mu ji yao 太清草 木集要, “Collected Essentials on the Herb and Tree Recipes of Great Clarity.” Tai qing zhu cao mu fang ji yao 太清諸草木方集要, “Collected Essentials on All the Herb and Tree Recipes of Great Clarity,” Tai qing cao mu fang ji yao 太清草 木方集要, “Collected Essentials of Great Clarity Recipes of Herbs and Trees.” Attributed to → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, but LSZ considers this to be a false attribution. 3 juan (AV 2 juan). DC probably Northern and Southern Dynasties period. Fragments are quoted in the→ TJBC and the → ZLBC. LSZ cites the book second hand as Tai qing cao mu fang [5] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and additionally lists a Tai qing cao mu ji 太清草木記, “Herb and Tree Records of Great Clarity,” [1] in his bibliography. This is probably the same book, so the text was apparently given a double entry. Tai qing cao mu ji 太清草木記 → Tai qing cao mu fang 太清草木方 Tai qing dan yao lu 太清丹藥錄, “records of Cinnabar Medicinals of the Great Clarity” [1] Lost, anonymous Daoist alchemical book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN originally Tai qing zhu dan yao yao lu 太清諸丹藥要錄, “Essential Records of All Cinnabar Medicinals of the Great Clarity.” 4 juan. LSZ mentions the book in the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉册 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text.

452 Tai qing fa 太清法, “Method of the Great Clarity” [1] Possibly the title of a Daoist book. Tai qing 太清, “Great Clarity,” is a Daoist technical term for the heavenly law, hence these two characters are frequently placed at the beginning of Daoist book titles. A book called Tai qing fa, however, is not recorded in any of the standard bibliographical sources. The material LSZ cites in SE jin 金 is found in the Yun ji qi qian 雲笈七籤, “Seven Slips from a Book Chest of Clouds,” which does not mention any Tai qing fa. Tai qing fu lian fa 太清服煉法 → Tai qing fu lian shu 太清服煉書 Tai qing fu lian shu 太清服煉書, “Book on Ingesting refined [Substances] of the Great Clarity” Lost, anonymous Daoist alchemical book. EE → ZLBC. AN there Tai qing fu lian ling sha fa 太清服錬靈砂法, “Method for Ingesting Smelted Numinous Sand of the Great Clarity.” Since the text is cited in the ZLBC, it can be dated to Song 宋 times or earlier. LSZ cites it second hand in his main text but does not mention its full name. Instead, he refers to the book as Tai qing fu lian shu [1], Tai qing fu lian fa 太清服煉法, “Method for Ingesting Refined [Substances] of the Great Clarity.” [1], or Tai qing xiu lian fa 太清修煉法, “Method for Preparing Refined [Substances] of the Great Clarity,” [1]. Tai qing fu shi jing 太清服食經, “Classic of Ingesting Essences of the Great Clarity” [1] Lost Daoist book on life cultivation. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN originally Tai qing shen xian fu shi jing 太清神仙服食經, “Divine Immortals’ Classic of Ingesting Essences of the Great Clarity.” Attributed to → Baopu zi 抱朴子  (→ Ge Hong 葛洪). 5 juan. LSZ mentions the book in the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉册 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Tai qing jing 太清經 → Tai qing shi bi ji 太清石璧記 Tai qing ling bao fang 太清靈寶方, “recipes of the Numinous Treasure of Great Clarity” [2] Anonymous Daoist text on life cultivation. See bibliography of the BCGM. Details are unavailable and it is uncertain whether references to books with similar names in the bibliography of the → Tong zhi 通志 or the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 are to the same book. LSZ cites the title in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Tai qing shi bi ji 太清石璧記, “records of the Stone Circle of Great Clarity” Daoist book. FE Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). AN there Tai qing shi bi ji 太清石壁記, “Records of the Stone Wall of Great Clarity.” Written by a Chuze xiansheng 楚澤先生, “Gentleman of the Marshes of Chu.” DC pre-Song. 3 juan. The book records alchemical methods including the use of metals and minerals like cinnabar or iron. It also contains some information on healing procedures. The book is preserved in the Dao zang and is also cited by the → ZLBC. LSZ lists the book as Tai qing shi bi ji [1] in his bibli-

453 ographical sections and cites it as Tai qing jing 太清經, “Classic of Great Clarity,” in the main text, using material from the ZLBC. Tai qing wai shu 太清外術, “Outer arts of the Great Clarity” [3] For LSZ the name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author given, the material cited is pre-Tang 唐. The fragment in SE gan jiang 乾薑 can be found in the Tang period → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎, which mentions the term tai qing wai shu in connection with the same material when citing from a Yin jue 隱訣, “Secret Instructions.” LSZ takes this over and considers Tai qing wai shu the name of a book. Tai qing 太清, however, apart from constituting a Daoist alchemical tradition, was a Daoist technical term standing for the heavenly law in the orthodox traditions, therefore the term tai qing wai shu might simply be a general designation for arts outside Daoist orthodoxy and not an actual book title. The fragment cited in SE ji 雞 is also found in the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, which does not refer to any Tai qing wai shu at all. Tai qing xiu lian fa 太清修煉法 → Tai qing fu lian shu 太清服煉書 Tai shang xuan bian jing 太上玄變經 → Ba di xuan bian jing 八帝玄變經 Tai shang xuan ke 太上玄科, “Mysterious Fields of Study of the Great Loftiness” [2] Anonymous Daoist book. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC and size uncertain. The text is quoted in the Song 宋 era Zhou yi can tong qi fa hui 周易參同契 發揮, “Elaborations on the Zhou yi can tong qi,” and other books. LSZ cites the title in his bibliographical sections and the main text without specifying which book he took the second hand quotation from. The material quoted is also found in the Yun ji qi qian 雲笈七籤, “Seven Slips from a Book Chest of Clouds,” preserved in the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). Tai yi Zhi Facun fang 太醫支法存方 → Zhi tai yi fang 支太醫方 Tai yuan di zhi 太原地志, “Local Gazetteer of Tai yuan” Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ claims that the “old book” (jiu ben 舊本), i.e. the → ZLBC, cites a book of that name, but the ZLBC contains no reference whatsoever to a Tai yuan di zhi. The only similar titles referred to are a Tai kang di ji 太康地記, “Geographical Record of Tai kang,” and a Tai yuan ji 太原記, “Record of Tai yuan.” Since LSZ only provides a bibliographical entry for his Tai yuan di zhi but does not cite it in the main text, nothing more can be said. Tai zong 太宗  [3] → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗  [1] In SE xiang 象, this is → Song Tai zong 宋太宗. Tai zu 太祖  [2] → Song Tai zu 宋太祖

 [2] This is Cinggis-qan 成吉思汗 (1162?-1227), personal name Temüjin 鐵 木真, the Qan who united all the Mongol tribes and established the Mongol khanat. His troops captured the Jin 金 central capital or Zhong du 中都 in 1215

454 and destroyed the Xi xia 西夏 dynasty. After the Yuan 元 dynasty had been established he was posthumously honored as Yuan Tai zu 元太祖. The BCGM recounts the story of him ordering an ox to be cut open to cure the general Bujir (→ Buzhi’er 布智兒) of a battle wound.

 [4] → Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝 Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝 (1328-1398) This is the emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, founder of the Ming 明 dynasty, r. 1368-1398, reign title hong wu 洪武. Style name Guorui 國瑞, a man of Zhong li 鐘離 in Hao zhou 濠州, in the northeast of present-day Feng yang 鳳陽 in An hui 安徽. He is mentioned in the BCGM as having given the imperial order to create a stone inscription in memory of the immortal → Zhou Dian xian 周顛仙 (→ Zhou Dian xian bei 周顛仙碑). LSZ refers to him as Tai zu Gao huang di [3], as Gao huang 高皇 [1], as Tai zu 太祖 [1], and as Tai zu huang di 太祖黃帝 [1]. Tai zu huang di 太祖皇帝 → Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝 Taibo 太伯 [1] Founding ancestor of the state of Wu 吳 during the Spring and Autumn period, also written Taibo 泰伯. Surnamed Ji 姬. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 explains the name of the locality Da Wu 大吳 stating: “This should be the state of Wu where Taibo lived. Hence it is called Da Wu.” LSZ cites this second hand from the → ZLBC in SE lan cao 蘭草. Taihao 太昊 [1] Legendary chief of Eastern tribes in ancient times, also written Taihao 太皞 or Taihao 太皓. Family name Feng 風, a resident of Chen 陳. Some consider him to be identical with the legendary ruler Fu Xi 伏羲. LSZ names Taihao as the inventor of the calendar in SE li ri 歷日. Taiji zhenren 太極真人, “Perfected One of the Supreme ultimate” [3] Legendary immortal of the Jin 晉 dynasty, an important figure of Shang qing 上 清 Daoism. According to the → Deng zhen yin jue 登真隱訣 of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, he prepared a dish of cooked rice and millet called Qing jing gan shi xin fan 青精乾石䭀飯, “Dry Stone Food from Blue Essence,” (→ Taiji zhenren fa 太極真人法) as a means for nurturing life. LSZ cites this material second hand from the → TJBC. Taiji zhenren fa 太極真人法, “Method of the Perfected One of the Supreme ultimate” [1] Dietetic life cultivation method associated with the → Taiji zhenren 太極真 人, not a book. Originally called Qing jing gan shi xin fan fa 青精乾石䭀飯法, “Method for Preparing Dry Stone Food from Blue Essence,” a preparation of cooked rice, millet, and herbs. Originally recorded in the → Deng zhen yin jue 登 真隱訣 and cited second hand by LSZ from the → TJBC. Tan Kui 譚逵 Late Northern Song 宋, early Southern Song person. A man of Kui zhou 夔州, now Feng jie 奉節 in Si chuan 四川. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一

455 選方, he suffered from malaria (nüe 瘧) for half a year but was cured by a recipe received from → Dou Cangsou 竇藏叟. LSZ cites this story but erroneously calls him Tan Yuan 潭遠 [1] in SE a wei 阿魏. Tan shi 譚氏, “Mr. Tan” [10] Northern Song 宋 physician, author of the → Tan shi xiao er fang 譚氏小兒方. No further details available. Tan shi fang 譚氏方 → Tan shi xiao er fang 譚氏小兒方 Tan shi xiao er 譚氏小兒 → Tan shi xiao er fang 譚氏小兒方 Tan shi xiao er fang 譚氏小兒方, “Mr. Tan’s recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children” Lost Northern Song 宋 collection of pediatric recipes. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Written by an unidentifiable → Tan shi 譚氏. DC and size uncertain. The ZLBC preserves some recipes, and LSZ cites the book second hand as Tan shi xiao er fang [4], as Tan shi fang 譚氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Tan,” [3], as Tan shi xiao er 譚氏小兒, “Mr. Tan’s [Recipes for] Children,” [1], or simply referring to the author as Tan shi [2]. Tan sou 談藪, “Grass Land Conversations” Collections of miscellaneous writings.  [3] EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Attributed to → Pang Yuanying 龐元英 of Northern Song 宋. 1 juan. The Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” however, notes that the work describes various incidents that took place during the Southern Song dynasty, so the attribution to Pang Yuanying must be false. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He also refers to a → Tan sou 談藪  of an unknown Aizhu 愛竹, which is actually the same book.

 [3] See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an otherwise unknown Aizhu 愛竹 [2] or Aizhu weng 愛竹翁, “The Old Man Who Loves Bamboo,” [1]. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but all the material cited from this work as well as the material from the → Tan sou 談 藪  of → Pang Yuanying 龐元英 is found in the medical case studies of the Southern Song physician → Sun Lin 孫琳 (fl. during the reign of → Song Ning zong 宋寧宗 (r. 1194-1224)). The two quotations from the Tan sou of Aizhu even originate from the same case record. All four quotations in the main text were taken from one fragment in the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567) Gu jin shuo hai 古今説海, “Ocean of Tales from Ancient and Modern Times,” of Lu Ji 陸楫, where they are all referred to the Tan sou of Pang Yuanying. Thus, the Tan sou of Pang Yuanying and the Tan sou of Aizhu are actually one and the same book. The Aizhu text is neither mentioned in any other bibliography, nor is it cited anywhere but in the BCGM, and the person Aizhu or Aizhu weng is unidentifiable, so LSZ’s attribution is probably an error.

456  [1] Text cited in SE wei 蝟 with no indication of an author. There were a number of Song and pre-Song books called Tan sou, but which one LSZ is citing here remains uncertain. Tan xian 坦仙, “Tan the Immortal” [4] Attributed author of a → Jie xiao fang 皆效方. LSZ neither specifies his surname nor does he give any hint about the time he is supposed to have lived, so nothing more can be said about the author or his book. Tan xian fang 坦仙方 → Jie xiao fang 皆效方 Tan yeweng 談野翁, “Old Man of the Wilderness” [53] This is the literary name of Tan Lun 談綸, a Ming 明 dynasty official. AV Tan Yeweng 談埜翁. A man of Shang hai 上海, jin shi 1457. He held various local and court posts and was the author of the now lost works Yi jia bian lan 醫家便覽, “A Convenient Guide for Medical Experts,” and the Shi yan xiao fang 試驗小方 (→ Shi yan fang 試驗方). Tan Yeweng fang 談野翁方 → Shi yan fang 試驗方 Tan Yeweng zhu fang 談野翁諸方 → Shi yan fang 試驗方 Tan yuan 談苑, “Garden of Conversations” Lost Song 宋 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Yang Wengong tan yuan 楊文公談苑, “Garden of Conversation with Yang the Literary Lord.” Material from conversations with → Yang Yi 楊億, compiled by his disciples Huang Jian 黃鑒 and Song Xiang 宋庠. 15 juan. The book contains Yang Yi’s talks about unusual things and events. The → ZLBC cites various fragments of the text as Yang Wengong tan yuan, which LSZ takes over, referring to the text as Tan yuan [6] or simply as Bi ji 筆記, “Brush Notes” [1]. Tan yuan 潭遠 → Tan Kui 譚逵 Tan zi 譚子, “Master Tan” [1] This is Tan Qiao 譚峭, style name Jingsheng 景昇, son of the Southern Tang 唐 dignitary Tan Yezhu 譚業洙. According to the Si ku quan shu zong mu ti yao 四 庫全書總目提要, “Index and General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” Tan studied Daoist techniques of life cultivation at Mount Song 嵩, which led him to write the → Hua shu 化書. This he later conferred to his disciple → Song Qiqiu 宋齊丘 at Jian kang 建康 and asked him to compose a preface for it. Song did in fact write a preface but in addition falsely claimed that the book was his own work, thus the book is attributed to Song Qiqiu in early bibliographies. Later scholars discriminated the authorship of the preface against the actual book, thus calling the work Tan zi hua shu 譚子 化書, “Master Tan’s Book of Transformations.”

457 Tan zi hua shu 譚子化書 → Hua shu 化書 Tang 唐 → Tang Yuzheng 唐與正 Tang Bao 唐褒 → Yu Gun 庾袞 Tang ben 唐本 → Tang ben cao 唐本草 Tang ben cao 唐本草, “Materia Medica of the Tang” Lost CMM. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by a committee of 22 persons chaired by Su Jing 蘇敬 (AN due to a naming taboo → Su Gong 蘇恭), but also associated with the other chief compilers → Changsun Wuji 長孫無忌 and his successor → Li Ji 李勣, the Duke of the State of Ying (Ying guo gong 英國公). AN Ying gong ben cao 英公本草, “Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying,” Ying gong Tang ben cao 英公唐本草, “The Tang [Dynasty] Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying,” (in the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草) Xin xiu ben cao 新修本草, “Newly Revised Materia Medica,” (in the BCGM) Tang xin ben cao 唐新本草, “New Materia Medica of the Tang,” Su Gong ben cao 蘇恭本草, “Materia Medica of Su Gong.” DC 659. 53 juan, comprised of 1 juan for the table of contents, 20 juan for the main text, 25 juan of pharmaceutical illustrations (yao tu 藥圖), and 7 juan of illustrated writings (tu jing 圖經). The work was based upon the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. It included 850 entries on pharmaceutical substances divided into 11 groups: minerals, herbs, trees, human substances, quadrupeds, birds, worms/bugs and fishes, fruit, grains, vegetables, and “drugs that have a name but are [unidentifiable and therefore] not used [nowadays]” (you ming wei yong 有 名未用).. The Tang ben cao added 114 new pharmaceutical substances to materia medica literature, and existing discussions were considerably expanded, now including information on morphology, production areas, and harvesting of pharmaceutical substances. Although impressed with the collection, LSZ notes its many errors. The original text is lost, and the surviving parts are rather incomplete, that is, the main text is preserved in the → ZLBC, but the illustrations and illustrated writings were lost completely. During the Northern Song 宋 the Tang ben cao was revised twice, and the remarks of the editors of the original work were labeled Tang ben zhu 唐本注, “Annotations to the Tang Volume” (→ Tang zhu 唐 注). LSZ refers to the Tang ben cao frequently but does so in different ways depending upon what kind of material he is quoting. Drug names at the beginning of an entry are labeled Tang ben cao [151] (see also → Tang ben xian fu 唐本先 附), indications and alternative names Tang ben 唐本, “Tang Volume,” [302]. The annotations from the original work are marked as Tang zhu [4], Tang fu 唐附, “Addendum to the [Materia Medica of the] Tang,” [1], Su Gong [372], or Gong 恭 [567]. Li also refers to the Tang ben cao as Su Gong ben cao [3], as Tang xin ben cao [1], and as Ying gong Tang ben cao [1], to the illustrations as Yao tu [2], and to the illustrated writings as Tu jing [2].

458 Tang ben xian fu 唐本先附, “First added in the Tang Volume” [2] Designation for a certain type of texual material. The → Tang ben cao 唐本草 added 114 new pharmaceutical substances to materia medica literature. The later → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 used the phrase Tang ben xian fu in order to identify the Tang ben cao as the source of textual material related to these substances. LSZ takes the designation Tang ben xian fu over in his introductory sections but within the main text refers the material directly to the Tang ben cao. Tang ben yu 唐本餘, “additions to the Tang Volume” [2] Designation for a certain type of texual material. The term Tang ben yu first appears in the → ZLBC in 45 places, 7 of which contain information on newly added medicinal substances. Some consider the term Tang ben yu a reference to information omitted by the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, but modern research has shown that the material labeled as such goes back to the Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草). The Shu ben cao was composed on the basis of the Tang ben cao with many corrections and additions, and the clauses labeled Tang ben yu in the ZLBC were apparently taken from these expansions to the Tang ben cao. Tang dai zong 唐代宗 (726-779) [1] This is Li Yu 李豫, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 762-779. LSZ informs that because of a taboo on the emperor’s name the herb shu yu 薯蕷 was renamed shu yao 薯藥. Tang de zong 唐德宗 (742-805) [3] This is Li Gua 李适, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 779-805. He headed the compilation of the → Zhen yuan guang li fang 貞元廣利方 in 796. Tang fu 唐附 → Tang ben cao 唐本草, → Tang zhu 唐注 Tang Gao zong 唐高宗 (628-683) This is Li Zhi 李治, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 649-683. He was the emperor ordering the compilation of the → Tang ben cao 唐本草. LSZ refers to him as Tang Gao zong [3] and as Gao zong 高宗 [7] in this context and in connection with a preventive treatment by boiling mallow (kui 葵) or with exotic birds and beasts payed by foreign countries as tribute. Note that some of the references to Gao zong might also be to → Song Gao zong 宋高宗. Tang Gao zu 唐高祖 (566-635) [2] This is Li Yuan 李淵, founder and first emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 618625. LSZ informs that the casting of the so-called “inaugural currency” (kai yuan tong bao 開元通寶) was initiated during Gao zu’s reign, and he also mentions another event of his time. Tang Heng 湯衡 Southern Song 宋 expert on pediatrics. A man of Dong yang 東陽 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Tang came from a family of hereditary physicians and gained an official post due to his medical skills. He was the author of the → Ying hai bao shu 嬰孩寶書 and the → Ying hai miao jue 嬰孩妙訣, both of which are

459 now lost. LSZ refers to him as Tang Heng [3], as Tang shi 湯氏, “Mr. Tang,” [5], and erroneously as Yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. Yang,” [1]. Tang hui yao 唐會要, “Institutional History of the Tang” [2] Early Song 宋 historical text. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises .” Written by Wang Pu 王溥. DC 961. 100 juan. The book describes evolution and changes of the various Tang institutions. Wang based himself on earlier institutional histories of the Tang by Su Mian 蘇冕 and Yang Shaofu 楊紹复, supplementing these by adding material from the later decades of the Tang dynasty. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The author Wang Pu (922-982) was a Five Dynasties and early Song official. Style name Qiwu 齊物, a man of Qi 祁 in Ya zhou 並州, now Qi xian 祁縣 in Shan xi 山西, first-ranking jin shi 948. He served three emperors of Later Zhou 周, rising to the post of Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相), and managed to maintain his position at the beginning of the Song, gaining the favour of → Song Tai zu 宋太祖. Tang Jing 唐靖 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person from a wealthy family. When he suffered from “jealousy essence sore” (du jing chuang 妬精瘡), he was cured by → Zhou Shouzhen 周 守真. Tang Jingchuan 唐荊川 (1507-1560) [1] This is the literary name of Tang Shunzhi 唐順之, a Ming 明 dynasty prose writer. Style name Yingde 應德, a man of Wu jin 武進 in Jiang su 江蘇. He placed first in the metropolitan examinations (hui shi 會試) in 1529 and received various regional posts. Tang was well-versed in many arts such as celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), geography, music, and mathematics. His prose accommodated both Tang 唐 and Song 宋 styles of writing. There is a collection of his works, the Jingchuan xiansheng wen ji 荊川先生文集, “Literary Collection of Gentleman Jingchuan,” (→ Tang Jingchuan ji 唐荊川集). Tang Jingchuan ji 唐荊川集, “Collection of Tang Jingchuan” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Jingchuan ji 荊川集, “Collection of [Tang] Jingchuan,” the literary collection of Tang Shunzhi 唐順之 (→ Tang Jingchuan 唐荊 川). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Jingchuan xiansheng wen ji 荊川先生文集, “Literary Collection of Gentleman Jingchuan.” 26 juan (AV 20 juan, 16 juan). LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in the main text. Tang Meng 唐蒙 [3] Apart from serving as an alternative name for tu si zi 菟絲子 in the → Er ya 爾 雅, the name Tang Meng refers to a Western Han 漢 high official. He served as commander at Po yang 鄱陽 and held a military post under → Han Wu di 漢 武帝, during which he was dispatched as an envoy to the southern tribes in 131 BCE and encouraged the emperor to expand his territory to the areas of Zang ke 牂牱 and Nan yue 南越. The → TJBC contains some material about Tang

460 Meng, which LSZ takes over. Tang is also attributed the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  by Ming 明 dynasty authors. Tang Ming huang 唐明皇 → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 Tang Minshu 湯晦叔 [1] Early Southern Song 宋 physician. → Xu Shuwei 許叔微 in his → Ben shi fang 本事方, quotes him as stating that nosebleed results from a failure to sweat when the body is supposed to sweat. In this case, camp qi (ying qi 營氣) and guard qi (wei qi 衛氣) should be regulated by warming and harmonizing medication. LSZ cites this second hand in SE hua shi 滑石. Tang Qiang 唐羌 [1] Eastern Han 漢 official. During the reign of → Han He di 漢和帝 (r. 88-105) he was the magistrate of Lin wu 臨武. According to the → Hou Han shu 後漢書 , at that time the Nan hai 南海 region supplied longans and lychees as tribute, which were transported along the road by a relay of fast horses. However, many of these horses died. Tang Qiang submitted a memorial to the emperor in order to draw attention to this situation. As a result, Emperor He ordered a stop of these tributes. LSZ takes this story over in SE long yan 龍眼. Tang Sanyi 湯三益 [1] Southern Song 宋 physician, a man of Dang tu 當塗, now Dang tu 當涂 in An hui 安徽. He once treated a disease of Hong Zun 洪遵 (→ Hong Wen’an 洪 文安) with pills containing yu shi 礜石. After prolonged consumption of these pills, Hong died. This event is recorded by → Hong Mai 洪邁 in the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆. Tang Shenwei 唐慎微 Northern Song 宋 expert in pharmaceutics. Style name Shenyuan 審元, a man of Jin yuan 晉原 in Shu 蜀, now Chong qing 崇慶 in Si chuan 四川. During the yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1094), he became a disciple of Li Duanbo 李 端伯 and moved his home to Hua yang 華陽 in Cheng du 成都. From a family of hereditary physicians, he treated many members of the scholarly elite and is said to have asked his patients not for money but for their secret family recipes as payment, a behavior that earned him great respect. Compiler of the → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草. LSZ refers to him as Tang Shenwei [33], as Shenwei 慎微 [56], and as Tang shi 唐氏, “Mr. Tang,” [1]. Tang Shenwei ben cao 唐慎微本草 → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草 Tang Shenwei fang 唐慎微方 → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草 Tang shi 湯氏 → Tang Heng 湯衡 Tang shi 唐氏, “Mr. Tang”  [2] In SE jun gui 箘桂 and er gou 耳垢, this is → Tang Shenwei 唐慎微, compiler of the → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草.  [1] In Tang shi de xiao fang 唐氏得效方, “Mr. Tang’s Recipes to Obtain [Good] Results,” this is an erroneous designation for → Wei Yilin 危亦林.

461  [15] → Tang Yao 唐瑤, the otherwise unknown author of the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (13).

 [1] Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty person of the Tang 唐 clan, said to have transformed from a female into a male during the ning kang 寧康 reign period (373375). LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Tang shi 唐詩, “Tang Poetry” [2] Poetry of the Tang 唐 dynasty. LSZ uses the term without specifying which author or poem he is referring to. Tang shi 唐史, “Tang Histories” [9] General term for texts that record historical events of the Tang dynasty, among them the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” the Xin Tang shu 新唐 書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), the → You yang za zu 酉陽 雜俎, the → Guo shi bu 國史補, or other unidentifiable texts. Tang shi bao shu 湯氏寶書 → Ying hai bao shu 嬰孩寶書 Tang shi de xiao fang 唐氏得效方 → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方 Tang shi fang 唐氏方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (13) Tang shi jing yan fang 唐氏經驗方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (13) Tang shu 唐書, “History of the Tang” [25] Standard history of the Tang dynasty, written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). There are two histories of Tang, the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (which is the actual Tang shu) edited between 940 and 945 by Liu Xu 劉昫 and others, and the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang.” The Tang shu LSZ is referring to is not the Jiu Tang shu but the Xin Tang shu. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修, → Song Qi 宋 祁, and others. DC 1044-1060. 225 juan. The Xin Tang shu covered the same period as its predecessor the Jiu Tang shu, that is, the entire Tang dynasty (618-907). It supplemented the old version with new data but does not preserve as much firsthand source material. LSZ does not refer to the full name of the Xin Tang shu but simply calls it Tang shu, referring this title to Ouyang Xiu in his bibliographical sections and once to Song Qi in the main text. LSZ also occasionally mentions a → Tang shi 唐史, but this is a general term for several texts covering the history of the Tang dynasty. Tang shuang pu 糖霜譜, “Treatise on White Sugar” [2] Song 宋 dynasty specialized book on sugar. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解 題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” times. Written by → Wang Zhuo 王灼. 1 juan. The book deals with the refining of sugar from sugar cane, covering history, places, and methods of production, as well as the properties and flavor of sugar.

462 Tang Su zong 唐肅宗 (711-762) [1] This is Li Heng 李亨, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 756-762. LSZ mentions his wife, → Zhang hou 張后, who used wine prepared from the toxic brains of chi 鴟 birds. Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 (711-762) This is Li Shimin 李世民, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 626-649. LSZ cites a number of stories about him, referring to the emperor as Tang Tai zong [5] (including one reference to the lost → Tang Tai zong shi lu 唐太宗實錄) and Tai zong 太宗 [3]. Tang Tai zong shi lu 唐太宗實錄, “Veritable records of Tang Tai zong” [1] Lost Tang dynasty historical text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Xu Jingzong 許敬 宗. 40 juan. The → TJBC cited the text and LSZ takes over the citation in his main text. Tang Wen zong 唐文宗 (809-840) [1] This is Li Ang 李昂, originally called Li Han 李涵, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 827-840. In SE xi 犀, LSZ cites second hand an event of how he came into possession of a rhinoceros capable of warding off summerheat. Tang Wu hou bie zhuan 唐武后別傳, “Supplementary Biography of Empress Wu of the Tang” [1] Fictitious biography. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The ZLBC cites a fragment on Empress Wu in its wu tou 烏頭 entry, and later editors apparently turned this reference into a book title by adding a Tang Wu hou wai zhuan 唐武 后外傳, “Outer Biography of Empress Wu of the Tang,” into the bibliographical sections. The material cited is actually from the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), juan 183. LSZ follows the ZLBC in listing a Tang Wu hou bie zhuan in his bibliographical sections but does not take over the fragment on Empress Wu in the main text. Tang Wu zong 唐武宗, (814-846) [1] This is Li Yan 李炎, emperor of theTang 唐 dynasty, r. 840-846. According to the → TJBC, he consumed zi hua li 紫花梨 to cure a disease. LSZ cites this in SE li 梨. Tang xiao shuo 唐小説, “Tang Minor Tales” [3] General term for the Tang dynasty fiction, not any particular book. LSZ provides the title with a bibliographical entry and uses it in two places: Material in SE zhu ji 竹鷄 is taken from the → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言 of → Sun Guangxian 孫光憲 (cf. → Cui Wei gong zhuan 崔魏公傳), while the fragment in SE ren shi 人虱 is from the Hui chang jie yi lu 會昌解頥錄, “Records of Laughable Matters from the Hui chang Reign Period,” as cited in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記.

463 Tang xin ben cao 唐新本草 → Tang ben cao 唐本草 Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (685-762) This is Li Longji 李隆基, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 712-756. Also called Tang Ming huang 唐明皇. He is listed as the primary compiler of the → Kai yuan guang ji fang 開元廣濟方 and the → Tian bao dan fang tu 天寶單方圖, now both lost and surviving only in fragments. LSZ also cites events related to the emperor from the → Ming huang za lu 明皇雜錄. He refers to him as Tang Xuan zong [10], as Ming huang 明皇 [1], Xuan zong 玄宗 [1], Tang Ming huang [3], and as Kai yuan huang di 開元皇帝 [1]. Tang Xuan zong 唐宣宗 (810-859) [1] This is Li Chen 李忱, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 846-859. LSZ cites a story of → Zhang Shou 張壽 obtaining a recipe with bu gu zhi 補骨脂 during his time. Tang yao 唐瑤 Medical writer, no details about his life available. According to LSZ, the author of an otherwise unknown → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (13). LSZ refers to him as Tang Yao [35] or Tang shi 唐氏, “Mr. Tang,” [16]. Tang Yao fang 唐瑤方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方 3 Tang Yao jing yan 唐瑤經驗 → Jing yan fang 經驗方 3 Tang ye 湯液 → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草 Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草, “Materia Medica for decoctions” Book on pharmaceutics. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Wang Haogu 王好古. DC c. 1298. 3 juan (AV 2 juan). The title refers back to the Tang ye jing fang 湯液經方, “Classical Recipes for Decoctions,” mentioned in the Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” The book is one of the early representatives of Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 attempts at generating a pharmacology based on the doctrines of yin yang and the five phases. Wang Haogu quoted the Yao lei fa xiang 藥類法象, “Classification of Pharmaceutical Drugs Reflected in the Laws [of Systematic Correspondences],” and the Yong yao xin fa 用 藥心法, “Core Methods for Using Pharmaceutical Drugs,” of → Li Gao 李杲 (→ Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象), the → Jie gu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊 of → Zhang Yuansu 張元素, and other books. The text offers much material on drug interactions, and the last two juan contain simple but precise discussions of 228 pharmaceuticals. The result is the most important practical materia medica of the Yuan 元 period, one highly esteemed by LSZ, who cites material of Li Gao and Zhang Yuansu from the Tang ye ben cao. He labels his quotations Tang ye ben cao [3], Tang ye 湯液, “Decoctions,” [17], Haogu 好古 [219], Wang Haogu 王好古 [30], or Wang Haicang 王海藏 [12]. Tang ye da fa 湯液大法 → Yi jia da fa 醫家大法

464 Tang yue fu 唐樂府, “Tang Yue fu” [1] Reference to Tang 唐 period poetry reminiscent of that produced in the ancient music bureau (yue fu 樂府) of the Han 漢. Although a Ming 明 period book titled Tang yue fu by Wu Mianxue 吳勉學 in 18 juan exists, this cannot be the text LSZ is referring to, because his citation of a Tang yue fu in SE song luo 鬆蘿 is taken from the Song 宋 → Er ya yi 爾雅翼 of → Luo Yuan 羅願. Tang yun 唐韻, “Tang rhymes” [17] Tang 唐 dynasty dictionary, arranged in rhymes. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新 唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Sun Mian 孫愐. DC 751. 5 juan. The book was an expansion of the → Qie yun 切韻 of Lu Fayan 陸法言, with new characters and annotations added. The original book is lost, but the later → Guang yun 廣韻 uses the Tang yun as its basis and preserves the preface of Sun Mian, therefore LSZ erroneously assigned the Guang yun to Sun. Tang yuzheng 唐與正 (1136-1188) This is the style name of Tang Zhongyou 唐仲友, a Song 宋 dynasty official. A man of Jin hua 金華 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi during the shao xing 紹興 reign period (1131-1163); in charge of Tai zhou 台州 during the chun xi 淳熙 reign period (1174–1189). In his youth he studied pulse diagnosis and pharmaceutics. Medical case histories of his are recorded in the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, and LSZ takes one over about the cure of → Wu Xunjian 吳巡檢, referring to Tang as Tang Yuzheng [1] and as Tang 唐 [1]. Tang Zhongju fang 唐仲舉方, “recipes of Tang Zhongju” [2] Source of recipes, probably not a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. It is to be assumed that Tang Zhongju 唐仲舉 was the person who transmitted the recipe quoted in the main text of the BCGM, and LSZ makes this a book title in his bibliographical sections. No information is available on any person called Tang Zhongju. Tang zhu 唐注, “annotations to the [Materia Medica of the] Tang” Literary device to refer to small character annotations in the → Tang ben cao 唐 本草 that were usually labeled “I cautiously propose” (jin an 謹按). In the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, these became known as Tang ben zhu 唐本注, “Annotations in the Tang Volume,” abbreviated by LSZ as Tang zhu. LSZ often refers to this material as Tang zhu [4], as Tang fu 唐附, “Addendum to the [Materia Medica of the] Tang [1], or labels it with the name of → Su Gong 蘇恭 or Gong 恭. Tanzhai bi heng 坦齋筆衡, “Brush Judgements of [ye] Tanzhai” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Ye Zhi 葉 寘 (literary name Tanzhai 坦齋, fl. jia ding 嘉定 reign period (1208-1224)). DC early 13th century. 1 juan. The book records various Song period matters and includes some medical recipes. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Yang ke man bi 養疴漫筆 and other works. LSZ lists the book as Tanzhai bi heng [1] in his bibliographical sections but adds an extra character to the

465 title, thus making it Xing Tanzhai bi heng 邢坦齋筆衡, “Brush Judgements of Xing Tanzhai.” This suggests an authorship by a person called Xing Tanzhai 邢 坦齋, which is certainly an error, the character xing 邢 is superfluous. LSZ also cites the book as Bi heng 筆衡, “Brush Judgements,” [1] in his main text. Tao 陶 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Tao gong 陶公 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 (456-536) Liang 梁 dynasty Daoist and expert in pharmaceutics. Style name Tongming 通 明, a man of Mo ling 秣陵 in Dan yang 丹陽, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. LSZ claims that he died at an age of 85, but current scholarship agrees that he was only 81. As a young man, Tao served as a royal tutor for Southern Qi 齊 dynasty princes. After 492 he resigned and took up residence at Mao shan 茅山 in order to practice Daoist arts and study medicine. Tao called himself Huayang yinju 華 陽隱居, “Recluse of Hua yang,” and after his death was given the posthumous name Zhenbai xiansheng 貞白先生, “Gentleman of True Purity.” Tao was a prolific writer. LSZ quotes his → Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一方, the → Za lu 雜 錄 , the → Deng zhen yin jue 登真隱訣, the → Zhen gao 真誥, and the → Yao zong jue 藥總訣. One major work of Tao’s, the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” is cited incorrectly as → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 by LSZ even though the MYBL was only one of the texts edited by Tao as part of his edition of the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農 本草經. LSZ refers to Tao as Tao Hongjing [108], as Tongming [1], as Hongjing 弘景 [935], as Tao gong 陶公, “Honorable Mr. Tao,” [162], as Tao shi 陶氏, “Mr. Tao,” [110], or simply as Tao 陶 [162]. He also refers to Tao by his literary name Tao Yinju 陶隱居 [44], as Huayang yinju [1], by his popular designation Yinju xiansheng 隱居先生, “The Gentleman Who Lived in Seclusion,” [1], and by his posthumous name Tao Zhenbai 陶貞白 [1] or Zhenbai xiansheng [2]. Tao Hua 陶華 (1369-1450?) [4] Ming 明 dynasty physician. Style name Shangwen 尚文, literary name Jie’an 節 庵, “Hut of Integrity,” a man of Yu hang 餘杭 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. A classical scholar-physician, he was an expert in the treatment of harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒) and the author of the collection Shang han liu shu 傷寒 六書, “Six Books on Harm Caused by Cold,” which included his → Shang han chui fa 傷寒槌法. This was later supplemented with four more of Tao’s works to produce the → Shang han shi shu 傷寒十書. Tao was greatly influenced by the → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書, and his works are easy to understand and very practical. Tao Hua fang 陶華方 → Shang han shi shu 傷寒十書 Tao Jiucheng 陶九成 (1316-?) [12] This is the style name of Tao Zongyi 陶宗儀, a late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 literatus. Literary name Nancun 南村, “Southern Village,” a man of Huang yan 黃 岩 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. He failed the jin shi examinations during the late Yuan but was given a post as instructor during the hong wu 洪武 reign pe-

466 riod (1368-1398). Tao had a reputation for excellent scholarship and was equally renowned for his poetic, calligraphic and painting abilities. He was the author of the → Chuo geng lu 輟耕錄 and the compiler of the → Shuo fu 説郛. Tao shi 陶氏, “Mr. Tao”  [110] → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, author of the → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 and other books.

 [1] Probably the Eastern Jin 晉 poet Tao Qian 陶潛 or Tao Yuanming 陶淵 明 (365, 372 or 376-427). Style name Yuanliang 元亮, a man of Chai sang 柴桑 in Xun yang 潯陽, now part of Jiang xi 江西. His literary collection is the Tao Yuanming ji 陶淵明集, “Collection of Tao Yuanming.” The Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書 經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” lists a Sou shen hou ji 搜神後記, “Later Records of Searching for the Supernatural,” (→ Xu sou shen ji 續搜神記) by Tao but suspects that this might be a fake attribution. Tao shi ben cao 陶氏本草 → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 Tao shi bie lu 陶氏別錄 → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 Tao yinju 陶隱居 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Tao Yinju ben cao 陶隱居本草 → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 Tao Zhenbai 陶貞白 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Tao zhu 陶注 → Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 Tao Zhugong 陶朱公 → Fan Li 范蠡 Teng wang ge xu 滕王閣序, “Farewell Message from the Pavilion of Prince Teng” [1] Famous piece of writing. Full title Qiu ri deng hong fu Teng wang ge qian bie xu 秋 日登洪府滕王閣餞別序, “Farewell Message Given at the Farewell Dinner after Ascending the Pavilion of Prince Teng at the Hong [zhou] Palace on an Autumn Day.” Written by → Wang Bo 王勃. LSZ offers a discussion of the meaning of the character wu 鹜 quoting the Teng wang ge xu. Ti ren hui bian 體仁彙編, “Compilation of applied Benevolence” [2] Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive medical book. Written by → Peng Yongguang 彭用光. DC 1549. 6 juan (AV 5 juan). The text assembles earlier material on pulse diagnosis, properties of medicinals, etc., to which the author added recipes he considered proven. The title refers to medicine as an art of benevolence. Tian bao dan fang 天寶單方 → Tian bao dan fang tu 天寶單方圖 Tian bao dan fang tu 天寶單方圖, “Single Substance recipes and Illustrations from the Tian bao reign Period” [15] Anonymous book on pharmaceutics. AN Tian bao dan fang yao tu 天寶單方藥 圖, “Illustrations of Medicinals Used in Single Substance Recipes from the Tian bao Reign Period.” Compiled under the aegis of Li Longji 李隆基 (→ Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗). DC c. 712-756. The text combined illustrations of medicinals with the ingredients of single substance recipes to facilitate their identification. It was lost but for one juan by Northern Song 宋 times, but several fragments

467 were incorporated into the → TJBC. LSZ quotes the work second hand from the → ZLBC, referring to it as Tian bao dan fang tu [6], as Tian bao dan fang 天 寶單方, “Single Substance Recipes of the Tian bao Reign Period” [5], as Tian bao dan xing fang 天寶單行方, “Single Substance Recipes of the Tian bao Reign Period” [2], and as Tian bao fang 天寶方, “Recipes of the Tian bao Reign Period” [2]. Tian bao dan xing fang 天寶單行方 → Tian bao dan fang tu 天寶單方圖 Tian bao fang 天寶方 → Tian bao dan fang tu 天寶單方圖 Tian bao yi shi 天寶遺事 → Kai yuan tian bao yi shi 開元天寶遺事 Tian Jiucheng 田九成 → Tian Rucheng 田汝成 Tian kong jing 天空經 → Tian zhu jing 天竺經 Tian lao 天老, “Heavenly Elder” Legendary divine immortal, regarded as a contemporary of → Huang di 黃帝 . Also called Tian lao 天姥, “Heavenly Grandmother.” According to the → Bo wu zhi 博物志 , Tian lao discussed the effects of solomon’s seal (huang jing 黃 精) and poison hemlock (gou wu 鉤吻) with the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ). LSZ refers to this figure as Tian lao 天老 [2] and Tian lao 天姥 [1]. Tian lao 天姥 → Tian lao 天老 Tian Lushi 田錄事 [1] Northern Song 宋 medical expert commonly called Tian Maqi 田馬騎. He practiced in Bian jing 汴京 (now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南) in Lu shi 錄 事 alley. According to the → Ben shi fang 本事方, he cured → Xu Yuangong 許 元公 from a dislocated shoulder resulting from a fall on slippery ground. The → Lei shuo 類説 takes over this story, and LSZ cites it second hand in SE di huang 地黃 but, following the reading of the Lei shuo, renders Tian’s name Tian Lushi. Tian rihua 田日華 → Hong fei ji 鴻飛集, → Rihua zi 日華子 Tian rucheng 田汝成 (c. 1503-?) Ming 明 dynasty literatus. Style name Shuhe 叔禾, a man of Qian tang 錢塘, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1526. He held a regional office in Guang xi 廣西 and was the author of the Yan jiao ji wen 炎徼紀聞, “Record of Things Heard at the Southern Frontiers,” the Xi hu you lan zhi 西湖遊覽志, “Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” and the Xi hu you lan zhi yu 西湖遊 覽志餘, “Extra Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” (conflated by LSZ into a single title, the → Xi hu zhi 西湖志), the Tian Shuhe ji 田叔禾集, “Collection of Tian Shuhe,” and other works. LSZ refers to Tian as Tian Rucheng [2] and mistakenly as Tian Jiucheng 田九成 [1]. Tian shi fang 田氏方, “Mr. Tian’s recipes” [1] Source of recipes, probably not a book. LSZ labels a therapy to cure blocked urination as Tian shi fang, but the origin of this recipe remains uncertain.

468 Tian shu mi Kuang 田樞密況, “Tian Kuang from the Bureau of Military affairs” [1] This is Tian Kuang 田況, an early Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Yuanjun 元均. Originally from Jing zhao 京兆 (now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝 西), he later moved to Xin du 信都, now Yi xian 冀縣 in He bei 河北. He succeeded in the jin shi examinations and was also selected as a “Worthy and Able, Straightforward and Upright Man” (xian liang fang zheng 賢良方正). He held various offices including that of Military Affairs Commissioner (shu mi shi 樞密 使). The → Song shi 宋史 has his biography. According to the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, he once supplied Zhang Zigao 張子臯 (→ Zhang xing bu Zigao 張 刑部子臯) with a recipe to supplement the lung. This is taken over by LSZ in SE ge jie 蛤蚧, who gives his name as Tian shu mi Kuang. Tian xiang zhuan 天香傳, “Tradition of Heavenly aromatic Substances” [2] Song 宋 dynasty text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Ding Wei 丁謂. DC tian sheng 天聖 reign period (1024-1032). 1 juan. The book records exotic substances like chen xiang 沉香. The text is preserved in the → TJBC, the Xiang sheng 香乘, “Chariot of Aromatic Substances,” and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and uses one fragment from the TJBC in the main text. Tian xuan zhu wu bu 天玄主物簿, “Book of Things Governed by the Heavenly Mystery” [2] Lost Daoist book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ does not give an author, but this book is probably the same book as the Tian yuan sheng wu bu 天元生物 薄, “Book of Things Engendered by the Heavenly Origin,” of Li Chunfeng 李 淳風 mentioned in the Nan hua zhen jing yi hai zuan wei 南華真經義海纂微, “Edition of Subtleties from the Ocean of Meanings in the Nan hua zhen jing,” of Song writer Chu Boxiu 褚伯秀. If this identification is correct, then the book probably dates to the Tang 唐 dynasty. Citations of the text are rare, but some are found in the → Pi ya 埤雅. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites it second hand from the Pi ya in the main text, referring to it as Tian xuan zhu wu bu [2] and as Zhu wu bu 主物簿, “Book of Things Governed” [1]. Tian yue 田悅 (died 784) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty general. He rebelled against the imperial court, and → Ma shizhong 馬侍中 was sent on a punitive campaign against him. Tian caused unrest for several years until he was granted an amnesty. Eventually he was killed by a younger male cousin. Tian zhu jing 天竺經, “Indian Classic” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. EE → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方. Written by → Xie daoren 謝道人. The book contained material on ophthalmology, which was later cited by the Wai tai mi yao. LSZ lists it incorrectly as Tian kong jing 天 空經, “Classic on Heavenly Emptiness,” [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites it second hand as Tian zhu jing [1] or by the name of Xie daoren [1] in the main text.

469 Tian’er 田兒 This is the personal name of the paternal grandfather of → He Shouwu 何首烏. His story, an allegory, is recorded in the → He Shouwu zhuan 何首烏傳. LSZ refers to him as Tian’er [2] and by the name he gave to himself, Nengsi 能嗣, “Able to Have Offspring,” [2]. Tianhe 天和 → Liu Songshi 劉松石 Tianyi 天益 → Luo Tianyi 羅天益 Tie wei shan cong hua 鐵圍山叢話 → Tie wei shan cong tan 鐵圍山叢談 Tie wei shan cong tan 鐵圍山叢談, “Collected Talks of Mount Tie wei,” Song 宋 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Cai Tao 蔡絛. DC 1148. 6 juan. Cai Tao was the son of → Cai Jing 蔡京, one of the “six traitors” that were made responsible for the Song decline. After the defeat of his father, Cai was banished and lived at Mount Tie wei 鐵 圍, thus the name of his book. The book describes many words and deeds of Cai Jing in a very favourable manner. It also contains information about Northern Song institutions, hearsay, and historical incidents. Contents are very detailed, and the information on certain pharmaceutical substances far exceeds similar material found in other sources. LSZ mistakenly cites the book as Tie wei shan cong hua 鐵圍山叢話, “Collected Talks of Mount Tie wei” [3] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and also refers to it as Cai Tao cong tan 蔡絛叢談, “Collected Talks of Cai Tao,” [2], as Cai Tao cong hua 蔡絛叢話, “Collected Talks of Cai Tao,” [1], or by the name of the author alone as Cai Tao [2]. Tie weng cheng Shen xiansheng 鐵瓮城申先生→ Shen xiansheng 申先生 Tie weng Shen xiansheng 鐵瓮申先生 → Shen xiansheng 申先生 Tie weng xiansheng 鐵瓮先生 → Shen xiansheng 申先生 Tieya ji 鐵崖集, “Collection of [yang] Tieya” Literary collection of works by → Yang Weizhen 楊維楨. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Tieya wen ji 鐵崖文集, “Literary Collection of [Yang] Tieya.” DC late Yuan 元. 5 juan. LSZ cites the collection in his bibliographical sections as Tieya ji [1] and in the main text as Tieya ji 鐵厓集 [1] or by the name of Yang Weizhen [1]. The material cited can be found in the Tieya gu yue fu 鐵崖古樂府, “Ancient yue fu poems of [Yang] Tieya,” in the prefaces to the individual songs and poems. Tieya ji 鐵厓集 → Tieya ji 鐵崖集 Ting shi 庭氏, “Court Gentleman” Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Responsible for shooting the bird that brings early death, the yao niao 夭鳥. LSZ mentions this post in SE gu huo niao 姑獲鳥. Tingcai 廷采 → Chen Jiamo 陳嘉謨 Tingshao 廷紹 → Wu Tingshao 吳廷紹

470 Tong 桐 → Tong jun 桐君  Tong bian fang 通變方 → Shi yi tong bian yao fa 世醫通變要法 Tong bian yao fa 通變要法 → Shi yi tong bian yao fa 世醫通變要法 Tong dian 通典, “Comprehensive Statutes” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty book on institutions, the first work of its kind in Chinese history. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Du You 杜佑. DC 766-801. 200 juan. The book describes the development of institutions and regulations from the origins of Chinese culture down to late Tang, with a special focus on the Tang dynasty. It is divided into eight chapters on topics such as administrative districts or food and commodities. The Tong dian is based upon an adaptation of the classics and histories, literary collections, memorials to the throne, etc. It also touches on local products and pharmaceuticals from remote areas of the empire. The → ZLBC cites the text frequently, but even though LSZ lists it in his bibliographical sections as well, he does not take any citations over from the ZLBC and quotes only one new fragment in his main text. Tong Guan 童貫 (1054-1126) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Daofu 道夫, a man of Kai feng 開封 in present-day He nan 河南. Classified as one of the treacherous officials (jian chen 奸臣) of Northern Song. According to the → Hui zhu lu 揮麈錄, he ingested red bayberry pits given to him by → Wang Zhongni 王仲薿 to cure his “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣). LSZ takes this over in SE yang mei 楊梅. Tong jian gang mu 通鑒綱目, “Outlines and details of the Comprehensive Mirror” [1] Southern Song 宋 book. AN Zi zhi tong jian gang mu 資治通鑒綱目, “Outline and Details of the Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Governing.” Written by Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子). 59 juan, plus a 1 juan preface. Based on the Zi zhi tong jian 資治通鑒, “Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Governing,” the Ju yao li 舉要 歷, “Important Statements on History,” and other books of → Sima Guang 司 馬光, Zhu Xi, his disciple Zhao Shiyuan 趙師淵, and others created an outline for the Neo-Confucian body of morality and ethics. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does refer to Zhu zi [6] but does not specify which book exactly he is quoting from. Tong jun 桐君 [44]  Legendary, ancient sage of herbal medicine ranked with → Huang di 黃帝  and → Shen nong 神農 in historical texts. Sometimes considered the author of early books on pharmaceutics, therefore his name is used in reference to various books (see below). Since famous physicians were worshiped in the temples of the Three Primordial Sovereigns (san huang 三皇) during the Yuan 元 and Ming 明 dynasties, the legend of Tong jun was known to LSZ, who considers him one of the ministers from the period of the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ). LSZ refers to him in person as Tong jun [2] and Tong 桐 [2].

471  Name used in various titles of early pharmaceutical literature in pretense of an authorship of → Tong jun 桐君 . LSZ refers to such a book as Tong jun [37] in citations from the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 that contain material on drug properties. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 states that there was an ancient Yao dui 藥 對, “Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances,” written by → Lei gong 雷 公  (→ Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對) and one by Tong jun. Thus, the Wu Pu ben cao quotations in the main text may either be from a Yao dui attributed to Tong jun, from the → Tong jun cai yao lu 桐君采藥錄, or from other books associated with Tong jun.

 [5] AN for the → Tong jun cai yao lu 桐君采藥錄. Tong jun cai yao lu 桐君采藥錄, “record of Medicinals Gathered by Tong jun” Lost book on pharmaceutics. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Attributed to → Tong jun 桐君 . AN Tong jun yao lu 桐君藥錄, “Pharmaceutical Records of Tong jun.” 3 juan (AV 2 juan). DC Western Han 漢 or earlier. According to → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, who cites various fragments of the work, the Tong jun cai yao lu mainly discusses the appearance of flowers and leaves. LSZ cites the text from quotations taken over into the → ZLBC, labeling his material Tong jun cai yao lu [3], Tong jun yao lu [5], or simply Tong jun [5]. Tong jun yao lu 桐君藥錄 → Tong jun cai yao lu 桐君采藥錄 Tong pu 桐譜, “Treatise on the Tong-Tree” [3] Specialized Northern Song 宋 treatise on the tong 桐 tree. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Chen Zhu 陳翥. DC 1049. 1 juan. The text describes the history of the tong tree, varieties, methods and areas of cultivation, harvesting, utensils needed, as well as quoting fragments of other texts and poetry. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Tong su wen 通俗文, “Comprehensive Vernacular Literature” Eastern Han 漢 lexicographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Fu Qian 服虔. 1 juan. The book dealt with dialectology and lexicographical definitions. Although the original text is lost, many dictionaries and encyclopedias quote fragments, including the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. LSZ lists the name of the work in his bibliographical sections and cites the book second hand from such texts as Tong su wen [5] and by the name of the author Fu Qian [1] alone. Tong wei ji 通微集, “Collection for the understanding of Subtleties” [1] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by an otherwise unknown → Wang Zhigang 王之綱. The book does not appear in any of the standard bibliographies, so further information is unavailable. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it in his main text. Tong xuan lun 通玄論 → Wai ke tong xuan lun 外科通玄論

472 Tong zhi 通志, “Comprehensive Treatises” Song 宋 dynasty historical text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Zheng Qiao 鄭 樵. DC 1161. 200 juan. The book provides a universal Chinese history up to Song times, summarizing historical source material of all the previous dynasties. Even though the Tong zhi was written in classic annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀 傳體), this comprehensive arrangement was new. The text holds 28 brief treatises (lüe 略), five of which included information on clans, the six categories of characters (liu shu 六書), metropolitan areas, botany, and zoology, which was a novelty in historical works. LSZ’s interest in the work is due to the material on worms/ bugs, plants, and medicinals it contains. He refers to the work as Tong zhi [37] or by the name of the author alone as Zheng Qiao [4]. Tong zhi 統旨 → Yi xue tong zhi 醫學統旨 Tong zi mi jue 童子秘訣, “Secret Instructions for [the Treatment] of Children” [2] Lost pediatric text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Yao Hezhong 姚和衆. DC Tang 唐. 2 juan. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text second hand from the → ZLBC. See also → Yan ling zhi bao fang 延 齡至寶方. Tongmiao Shao zhenren fang 通妙邵真人方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  Tongmiao zhenrenfang 通妙真人方 → Jing yan fang 經驗方  Tongming 通明 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Tu jing 圖經, “Illustrated Classic” Illustrated medical texts.  [2] The Tu jing appended to the → Tang ben cao 唐本草

 [1] The → Shu ben tu jing 蜀本圖經, that is, the illustrations appended to the Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草).

 [294] Abbreviation for the → Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草 Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草, “Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica” CMM. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN originally Ben cao tu jing 本草圖經, “Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica.” Written by → Su Song 蘇頌. DC 1061. 20 juan. The text’s structure is rather disorderly, only substances not found in older materia medica texts are arranged in the last two juan, which are labeled → Wai lei 外類. In compiling the Tu jing ben cao, the Song 宋 government sent for specimens and illustrations of pharmaceutical substances from the entire empire. The work contains 780 pharmaceuticals including 103 new ones, backed up by 933 illustrations. The original text is lost, but the entire content was preserved in the → ZLBC. LSZ thought highly of the work for its scholarship and innovation but criticized it for its many inconsistencies in the matching of pharmaceutical explanations and

473 corresponding illustrations. He cites the text as Tu jing ben cao [54], as Tu jing 圖經, “Illustrated Classic,” [294] (sometimes identifying this title by adding the name of the author – Su Song or Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su” – or the time of compilation, that is, Song 宋), but more often by referring to the author directly as Su Song [344] or Song 頌 [1293]. He also quotes the original title Ben cao tu jing [4] in the main text. To the Wai lei sections LSZ refers to as Tu jing wai lei 圖經外 類, “Outer Categories in the Tu jing [ben cao],” [9] and as Wai lei [8]. Tu jing wai lei 圖經外類 → Wai lei 外類, → Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草 Tu na jing 吐納經, “Classic of Exhaling [the Old] and Inhaling [the New]” [2] Anonymous book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. DC Northern and Southern Dynasties period. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in the Tai ping yu lan and many Daoist books on life cultivation. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without naming an author. The → Ziwei furen zhu xu 紫微夫人术序 material he cites as from the Tu na jing is taken from the Tai ping yu lan, which attributes the same material to a Xian jing 仙經, “Classic of Immortals.” Thus, LSZ’s reference to the Tu na jing is apparently an error. Tu su 土宿 → Zao hua zhi nan 造化指南 Tu su ben cao 土宿本草 → Zao hua zhi nan 造化指南 Tu su hun yuan zhen jun 土宿昆元真君 → Tu su zhen jun 土宿真君 Tu su zhen jun 土宿真君, “Perfected Sovereign of Saturn” Fictional Daoist figure invented during the Song 宋 and Yuan 元 dynasties. He is traditionally attributed the → Zao hua zhi nan 造化指南. LSZ refers to him as Tu su zhen jun [21] and by his full title Tu su hun yuan zhen jun 土宿昆元真君, “Perfected Sovereign of Saturn and the Origins of the Universe” [1]. Tu su zhen jun ben cao 土宿真君本草 → Zao hua zhi nan 造化指南 Tu xu 圖序 → Chang qing ji 長慶集  Tu zuan 圖纂→ Bian min tu zuan 便民圖纂 Tuan xiang yao ci 彖象繇辭, “Judgements, Images, and Line Statements” [1] Three different types of expressions of the oracle within the → Zhou yi 周易, i.e., the three ways a hexagram reveals itself to the reader. Tuan 彖 (“judgements”) are the statements attached to the hexagrams (gua 卦), xiang 象 (“images”) are the configurations of a hexagram constituted by the qualities, movements, and interactions of its trigrams and lines, while yao ci 繇辭 (“line statements”) are the statements attached to each line of a hexagram. LSZ, in citing → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, regards King Wen 文 of Zhou 周 (→ Wen wang 文王) and → Kong zi 孔子 as the originators of these writings, an attribution that was doubted from Song 宋 times on and is now considered a legend. Tuiqi xian lan 退齊閑覽 → Tuizhai ya wen lu 退齋雅聞錄 Tuizhai xian lu 退齋閑錄 → Tuizhai ya wen lu 退齋雅聞錄

474 Tuizhai ya wen lu 退齋雅聞錄, “[Hou] Tuizhai’s records of refined Things Heard” Lost Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Written by → Hou Yanqing 侯延慶. 1 juan. The book was a collection of Northern Song anecdotes and stories but also contains medical contents like dietetic or pharmaceutical recipes. Fragments are preserved in the Shuo fu. LSZ, in the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM, incorrectly lists the work as Tuiqi xian lan 退齊 閑覽, “Idle Views of [Hou] Tuiqi,”[1] in his bibliographical sections, a mistake that was corrected in later editions. His reference to the book as Tuizhai xian lan 退齋閑錄, “Idle Views of [Hou] Tuizhai,” [1] in SE zhi zhu 蜘蛛 (a second hand quotation from the Shuo fu) and to the author as Hou Yanshang 侯延賞 are equally incorrect. Tuo 佗 → Hua Tuo 華佗

-WWai dan ben cao 外丹本草, “Materia Medica of Outer alchemy” [8] Lost alchemical text. EE BCGM. Written by → Cui Fang 崔昉. DC possibly Song 宋, but this is uncertain. LSZ refers to the Wai dan ben cao in the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not list it separately. He does, however, cite a Wai dan ben cao [8] and a Cui Fang ben cao 崔昉 本草, “Materia Medica of Cui Fang,” [1] in his main text. The Song period → Xixi cong hua 西溪叢話 of → Yao Kuan 姚寬 quotes two fragments from a Lu huo ben cao 爐火本草, “Stove Fire Materia Medica.” of Cui Fang, but any book of this title seems lost as well, and whether this is the same book as the Wai dan ben cao or a different one remains unclear. LSZ’s source for his second hand citations was probably the Geng xin yu ce. Wai ke fa hui 外科發揮, “Elaborations on the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” [4] Ming 明 dynasty text on external medicine. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Xue Ji 薛己. DC 1528. 8 juan. The text describes 31 kinds of external complaints like “swelling and ulcers” (zhong yang 腫瘍), “festering ulcers” (kui yang 潰瘍), “back effusion” (fa bei 發背), and “lung obstruction-illness” (fei yong 肺癰). For each ailment there is a discussion of disease sign differentiation and treatment, followed up by case studies and recipes. Wai ke fang 外科方, “recipes for the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]”  [1] Labeled Li Sili 李嗣立, this is the Ji yan bei ju fang 集驗背疽方, “Collected and Proven Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Impediment-Illnesses on the Back,” (→ Yong ju fang lun 癰疽方論) of→ Li Xun 李迅.

475  [1] Wai ke ji yan fang 外科集驗方, “Collected Proven Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments]” (→ Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳) of → Yang Qingsou 楊清叟 Wai ke ji yan fang 外科集驗方, “Collected Proven recipes from the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” [2] Medical recipe books on external medicine. FE Mai wang guan shu mu 脈望館 書目,“Catalogue of the Bookworm School.” Written by → Zhou Wencai 周文 采 (mistakenly called Zhou Liangcai 周良采 by LSZ). DC 1498. 2 juan. Zhou produced this work after compiling the → Yi fang xuan yao 醫方選要 at princely orders, intending to collect effective recipes by earlier authors. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Wai ke jing yan fang 外科經驗方, “recipes Proven through Experience from the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” [2] Ming 明 dynasty text on external medicine. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Xue Ji 薛己 (1487-1559). DC mid-16th century. 1 juan. The text is organized into 14 categories by disease and includes suitable recipes for the treatment of “swelling and ulcers” (zhong yang 腫瘍), “festering ulcers” (kui yang 潰瘍), “pin-illness sores” (ding chuang 疔瘡), “breast obstruction-illness” (ru yong 乳癰), etc. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Wai ke jing yao 外科精要, “Essentials of the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” Southern Song 宋 text on external medicine. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Chen Ziming 陳自明. DC 1263. 3 juan, 60 chapters. The book describes diagnosis and differentiation of ailments like “obstruction- and impediment-illness” (yong ju 癰疽) or “back effusion” (fa bei 發背), followed by treatment strategies of moxibustion and pharmaceutics. LSZ cites the book as Wai ke jing yao [14] and as Wai ke jing yao fang 外科精要方, “Essential Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments],” [2]. Wai ke jing yao fang 外科精要方 → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要 Wai ke jing yao xin lun 外科精要新論, “New discourse on the Essentials of the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” [1] Text on external medicine. EE Danxi weng zhuan 丹溪翁傳, “Biography of Old Man Danxi.” AN Wai ke jing yao fa hui 外科精要發揮, “Elaborations on the Essentials of the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments].” Written by → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. LSZ mentions the book in the → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not list it separately, nor does he cite it directly in the main text. Wai ke jing yi 外科精義, “Essential Meanings of the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” Yuan 元 dynasty text on external medicine. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Qi Dezhi 齊

476 德之. DC 1335. 2 juan. The text contains detailed discussions on various types of sores and swellings, which are followed by pharmaceutical recipes, 145 types of decoctions, pills, and ointments in all. It also includes some single ingredient recipes and information on processing methods for medicinals. LSZ quotes the book as Wai ke jing yi [11] and as Jing yi 精義, “Essential Meanings,” [1]. Wai ke li li 外科理例, “regulation according to [ancient] Examples from the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” [1] Ming 明 dynasty text on external medicine. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Wang Ji 汪機. DC 1531. 7 juan plus a 1 juan appendix. The book is organized in 154 chapters and uses material from older works, namely the → Wai ke jing yao 外科精 要, the → Wai ke xin fa 外科心法, and the → Wai ke fa hui 外科發揮. LSZ cites the book in the main text but does not include it in his bibliographical sections. Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳, “Secret Transmissions from the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” This is LSZ’s name for the Wai ke ji yan fang 外科集驗方, “Collected Proven Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments],” a Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book on external medicine. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” AN Xian chuan wai ke ji yan fang 仙傳外科集驗方, “Collected Proven Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments], Transmitted by Immortals.” Written by → Yang Qingsou 楊清叟. DC 13th century. 1 juan, divided into 6 chapters. The book came into the hands of → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真, whose disciples published it in 1378. It was made part of the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂, but a separate edition is still extant as well. The book contains a detailed discussion of various types of ulcers and treatment strategies, differentiating ulcers according to the concepts of yin or yang and depletion (xu 虛) or repletion (shi 實). Appended is a chapter containing pharmaceutical recipes the author considered effective and proven. The Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經) includes another Wai ke ji yan fang in 11 juan. Juan 1 to 7 of that book consist of Yang Qingsou’s Wai ke ji yan fang, juan 8 and 9 of a Mi chuan wai ke fang 秘傳外科方, “Secretly Transmitted Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments],” and juan 10 and 11 of the Xian chuan wai ke mi fang 仙傳外科秘 方, “Secret Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments], Transmitted by Immortals” (→ Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方). LSZ cites the text as Wai ke mi chuan [1] in his bibliographical sections and in the main text as Xian chuan fang 仙傳方, “Recipes Transmitted by Immortals,” [1], as Xian chuan wai ke 仙傳外科, “On the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments], Transmitted by Immortals,” [4], as Yang Qingsou wai ke 楊清 叟外科, “Yang Qingsou’s Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments],” [2], or by the name of the author alone as Yang Qingsou [3]. He also cites the Mi chuan wai ke fang [1] and the Mi chuan wai ke 秘傳外科, “Secretly Transmitted Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treat-

477 ments],” [1], and what he cites as Yang Qingsou’s Wai ke fang 外科方, “Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments],” [1] is actually from the latter text as well. Wai ke tong xuan lun 外科通玄論, “discourse Penetrating the Profundities of the [Medical] discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” Lost, anonymous text on external medicine. See bibliography of the BCGM. No details available. LSZ lists the book as Wai ke tong xuan lun [1] in his bibliographical sections and refers to a Tong xuan lun 通玄論, “Discourse Penetrating the Profundities,” [3] in the main text. Various bibliographies list works with Tong xuan lun in the title, but none of them names an author. Only the Yi fang lei ju 醫方類聚, “Categorized Collection of Medical Recipes,” cites various fragments from a Chuang ke tong xuan lun 瘡科通玄論, “Discourse Penetrating the Profundities of the [Medical] Discipline [Concerned with] Sores,” but these do not relate to the fragments cited in the BCGM, so there is no way to tell which book LSZ was citing from. Wai ke xin fa 外科心法, “Core Methods of the discipline [Concerned with] External [diseases and Treatments]” [2] Ming 明 dynasty text on external medicine. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Xue Ji 薛己. DC 1528. 7 juan. The text contains information on disease signs, pulse diagnosis, and treatment methods and also includes many of the author’s case studies and clinical experiences. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Wai lei 外類, “Outer Category” [17] Terminus technicus used in the classification of pharmaceutical substances, also the name of sections in the → TJBC. The TJBC uses the term Ben jing wai lei 本 經外類, “Outer Categories to the Original Classics” to designate substances not found in the “older classics” (jiu jing 舊經) that were nevertheless used by contemporary physicians. These are listed in the last two juan of the book and separated into Wai cao lei 外草類, “Outer Category of Herbs,” and Wai mu man lei 外 木蔓類, “Outer Category of Trees and Vines,” LSZ calls these sections Tu jing wai lei 圖經外類, “Outer Categories in the Tu jing [ben cao],” [9] or Wai lei [8], sometimes classifying wai lei substances as “drugs that have a name but are [unidentifiable and therefore] not used [nowadays]” (you ming wei yong 有名未用). Wai tai 外臺 → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 Wai tai fang 外臺方 → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 Wai tai mi yao 外臺秘要 → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, “arcane Essential recipes from the Outer Censorate” Medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN mostly Wai tai mi yao 外臺秘要, “Arcane Essentials from the Outer Censorate.” Written by → Wang Tao 王燾. DC 752. 40 juan. The author held an office as Censorate Minister (tai ge 臺閣) or Outer Censorate Official (wai tai 外臺), thus the title. The text is divided into

478 1104 chapters containing more than 6000 recipes. Each chapter consists of discourses followed by the appropriate recipes. The book is well structured and its sources are marked clearly. It is based on many Tang 唐 and pre-Tang works, i.e., the → Xiao pin fang 小品方, the → Shen shi fang 深師方, etc., many of which are now lost. The book survives in a revised Northern Song 宋 edition. LSZ uses the Wai tai mi yao fang as a secondary source for many of the lost texts contained in it and cites the work directly as Wai tai mi yao fang [6], Wai tai 外臺, “Outer Censorate,” [185], Wai tai mi yao [260], and Wai tai fang 外臺方, “Recipes from the Outer Censorate,” [14]. In SE zao jia 皂莢 of the Jin ling 金陵 edition, the latter two titles are erroneously written Wai yi mi yao 外一秘要, “Arcane Essentials from the Outer One,” [1] and Wai yi fang 外一方, “Recipes from the Outer One,” [1]. Wai yi fang 外一方 → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 Wai yi Hong shi 外醫洪氏, “Mr. Hong of External Medicine” [1] Southern Song 宋 physician called Hong Doufu 洪豆腐. Practised as an expert in external medicine (wai ke 外科) in the ancient town of De xing 德興, now part of Jiang xi 江西. He once cured → Hong Gong 洪栱 of a “turtle-shaped concretion-illness” (bie zheng 鱉癥) with a soup of fresh shrimps. LSZ cites this in SE xia 蝦. Wai yi mi yao 外一秘要 → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 Wan bao shi shan 萬寶事山, “Mountain of the Ten-thousand Precious Things” [1] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Qian Jin 錢縉. DC zheng tong 正統 reign period (1436-1449). 20 juan. The book focuses on documents of various types including daily correspondence. An incomplete printed edition from 1587 is still extant. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without indication of an author. He does not cite it in the main text. The Li bu zhi gao 禮部志稿, “Draft Record of the Ministry of Rites,” mentions a man of the name Qian Jin, possibly the author, who held a teaching post in Yin xian 鄞縣 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Wan bi shu 萬畢術 → Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術 Wan Biao 萬表 (1498-1556) Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Mingwang 民望, literary name Luyuan jushi 鹿園居士, “Retired Scholar of the Deer Garden,” a man of Yin xian 鄞 縣 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He held a hereditary military post but in 1520 passed the military examinations and went on to other more distinguished military offices. Wang wrote numerous medical books including the Wan shi jia chao ji shi liang fang 萬氏家鈔濟世良方, “Good Recipes to Benefit the World, Collected by the Wan Family,” and the → Ji shan tang ji yan fang 積善堂集驗方. LSZ refers to Wan as Wan Biao [8] and as Wan shi 萬氏, “Mr. Wan,” [4] Wan quan fang 萬全方, “recipes for a Myriad Cures” [1] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by an otherwise

479 unknown An Tuqie 安土匧 (the Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” lists An Wenhui 安文恢 as the author, which is probably the same person). 3 juan. One recipe is quoted in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方. In his bibliographical sections, LSZ claims that this is one of the 84 books cited from the jiu ben 舊本, “old book,” that is, the → ZLBC, but no such title is listed there. LSZ does not cite any material from the work in his main text. Wan quan hu ming fang 萬全護命方, “recipes for a Myriad Cures to Protect Life” Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Jun zhai du shu hou zhi 郡齋讀書後 志, “Supplementary Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study,” AN Hu ming fang 護命方, “Recipes to Protect Life.” Written by → Yang Zijian 楊子建. DC c. yuan fu 元符 reign period (1098-1100). 5 juan. The original book is lost, but extensive fragments are quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. LSZ cites the book second hand as Wan quan hu ming fang [2] and as Hu ming fang [8]. Wan rong 萬融 [1] Northern Song 宋 person. A man of Jiang yin 江陰 in present-day Jiang su 江 蘇. When he once suffered from exhaustion and was close to dying, he was cured by ingesting a “bright moon elixir” (ming yue dan 明月丹) offered to him by → Sun Yuangui 孫元規. Wan shi 萬氏 → Wan Biao 萬表 Wan shi fang 萬氏方 → Ji shan tang jing yan fang 積善堂經驗方 Wan shi ji shan tang 萬氏積善堂 → Ji shan tang jing yan fang 積善堂經驗方 Wan wei yu bian 宛委餘編, “Extra Compilation from Wan wei” Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Wang Shizhen 王世貞. 19 juan. Wan wei 宛委 is a place where the legendary Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ) is said to have stored books. The author was a Confucian scholar, and the book is a presentation of his broad knowledge of the names of birds, animals, herbs, and trees. LSZ cites it as Wan wei lu 宛委錄, “The Wan wei Records,” [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Wang shi wan wei lu, “The Wan wei Records of Mr. Wang,” [1] in the main text. The story cited is found in Wang’s Yanzhou shanren si bu gao 弇州山人四部稿, “Draft in Four Parts by the Hermit of Yan zhou,” in an appended text titled Wan wei yu bian. LSZ apparently miscopied this title, turning it into Wan wei lu. This is one of the most contemporary books that LSZ used. Wan Zhen 萬震 (3rd century) [5] Man from the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. Governor (tai shou 太守) of Dan yang 丹陽 and author of the → Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異 物志. LSZ incorrectly makes him the author of the → Liang zhou yi wu zhi 涼 州異物志. Wang anpin 王安貧 → Wu Anpin 伍安貧

480 Wang anshi 王安石 (1021-1086) Northern Song 宋 statesman, thinker, and writer. Style name Jiefu 介甫, a man of Lin chuan 臨川 in Fu zhou 撫州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. He passed the jin shi examinations during the qing li 慶歷 reign period (1041-1049), held some high offices, and finally rose to the post of prime minister in 1070. He used this position to push the major political reforms for which he is known. Wang Anshi was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Jing ( Jing guo gong 荊 國公) and is thus known as Jing gong 荊公, “Duke of Jing.” He was the author of the → Zi shuo 字説 and other works, and there is a Wang Wengong wen ji 王 文公文集, “Literary Collection of Wang the Literary Lord,” and a Linchuan xiansheng wen ji 臨川先生文集, “Literary Collection of the Gentleman of Lin chuan,” (→ Linchuan ji 臨川集). His Zi shuo had great influence on LSZ’s explanations of medicinal names. LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Anshi [12], as Wang Jing gong 王荊公 [4], as Wang Jiefu 王介甫 [1], and, in connection with the Zi shuo, as Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” [3]. Wang Bi 王弼 (226-249) [1] Specialist in Arcane Learning (xuan xue 玄學) from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Fusi 輔嗣, a man of Gao ping 高平 in Shan yang 山陽, now Zou xian 鄒縣 in Shan dong 山東. He held a government post and took a special interest in “pure conversations” (qing tan 清談). This made him one of the leading representatives of the qing tan current in the Neo-Daoist xuan xue school, along with → He Yan 何晏, Xia Houxuan 夏侯玄, and others. Author of numerous books, including the → Yi jing zhu shu 易經注 疏, the earliest surviving commentary on the → Zhou yi 周易. Wang Bing 王冰 Tang 唐 dynasty physician. Literary name Qixuan zi 啟玄子, “The Master Who Enlightens the Dark,” also known as Wang tai pu 王太仆 due to his official post of Director of the Imperial Stud (tai pu ling 太僕令). Wang’s native place and life dates are unknown, but it is said that he lived to the age of more than 80 years. In 762 he produced an annotated and supplemented edition of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 in 24 juan, which became the basis of the standard Song 宋 edition. He also is (falsely) attributed a work called → Xuan zhu mi yu 玄珠密語. LSZ quotes Wang’s annotations, referring to him as Wang Bing [19], Wang tai pu [5], Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” [1], and Wang gong 王公, “Honorable Mr. Wang,” [1]. Wang Bo 王勃 (649 or 650-676). [2] Tang 唐 dynasty literatus. Style name Zi’an 子安, a man of Long men 龍門 in Jiang zhou 絳州, now He jin 河津 in Shan xi 山西. Because of his literary talent he was renowned as one of “the four outstanding persons” (si jie 四傑) of the early Tang. A collection of his writings, the Wang Zi’an ji 王子安集, “Collection of Wang Zi’an,” is still extant. LSZ cites from his → Teng wang ge xu 滕王閣 序 in SE wu 鹜.

481 Wang Can 王粲 (177-217) [1] Late Eastern Han 漢 literatus. Style name Zhongxuan 仲宣, a man of Gao ping 高平 in Shan yang 山陽, now Zou xian 鄒縣 in Shan dong 山東. One of the “seven masters of Jian an” (Jian an qi zi 建安七子). He once observed a low hill on which no herbs grew and concluded that this had to be an ancient grave mound containing arsenic ore (yu shi 礜石). Wang Chang 王常 Daoist immortal. The → ZLBC refers to him as Xiyu zhenren 西域真人, “Perfected One of the Western Regions,” the Wangwu shanren 王屋山人, “Hermit of Mount Wang wu.” The Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經), in the section Shen xian fu er dan shi xing yao fa 神仙服餌丹石行藥 法, “Divine Immortals’ Methods of Taking Elixirs and Minerals and Applying Pharmaceutics,” refers to him as Xicheng zhenren Wang Wushan 西城真人王 屋山, “Wang Wushan, the Perfected One of the Western City.” He is said to have suggested ingesting wu jia 五加 and di yu 地榆 to promote longevity. LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites this story from an assumed → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經, referring to the immortal as Wang Chang [1], the Xiyu zhenren [1] and Wangwu shanren [1]. Wang Chaofeng 王朝奉 [1] Late Northern Song 宋 physician. → Wang Haogu 王好古, in his → Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎, and other authors frequently quote him. The Japanese scholar Tamba Genkan 多紀元胤 identifies him as the famous physician → Wang Kuang 王貺. Wang Chong 王充 (27- c. 97) [11] Eastern Han 漢 philosopher. Style name Zhongren 仲任, a man of Shang yu 上 虞 in Kuai ji 會稽, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He attended the imperial college at Luo yang 洛陽 in his youth and was a student of Ban Biao 班彪, the father of → Ban Gu 班固. He held various regional and court offices but retired in the end to devote himself to philosophy. Author of the → Lun heng 論衡. Wang di 望帝 → Du Yu 杜宇 Wang dian 王典 [1] Daoist of Jin 晉 times or before. A man of Xian yang 咸陽 in present-day Shaan xi 陝西. LSZ cites the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 with a statement that Wang ingested chang pu 菖蒲 to promote longevity. The fragmentary version of the Shen xian zhuan extant today does not contain this material. Wang dingguo 王定國 [1] Northern Song 宋 person. A man of Shan yang 山陽, now Huai an 淮安 in Jiang su 江蘇. Once he suffered from a headache and was cured by the famous physician → Yang Jie 楊介 from Si zhou 泗州 (called Du liang 都梁 at the time) with a single ingredient pill prepared from bai zhi 白芷. Since this medication had been designed by a famous physician from Du liang, Wang named it “Du liang pills” (Du liang wan 都梁丸).

482 Wang du 王度 [1] Sui 隋 dynasty person. According to the → Yi wen ji 異聞集, he once cured persons affected by an epidemic with the light reflected by a mirror. LSZ cites this story second hand in SE gu jing 古鏡. Wang Er 王尒 Eastern Han 漢 person, sometimes written Wang Er 王爾. A contemporary of → Zhang Heng 張衡 (78-139). Details about his life are unavailable. The → Bo wu zhi 博物志  relates an anecdote of how → Ma Jun 馬均, Zhang Heng, and Wang Er walked through dense fog together. Later works took this over as → Wang Su 王肅 [1], and LSZ follows this mistake in SE jiu 酒. Wang Su, however, was a person of the Three Kingdoms period, so the reference to him is most certainly wrong. Wang Fangping 王方平 [1] Western Han 漢 hermit. He left his career as an official to live in seclusion. The → Yu han fang 玉函方 lists a “powder with pulverized jade to open the passage for spiritual forces” (tong ling yu fen san 通靈玉粉散) associated with his name. LSZ cites this in SE shi liu huang 石硫黃. Wang Fangqing 王方慶 (died 702) This is the style name of Wang Lin 王琳, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official. A man of Xian yang 咸陽 in present-day Shaan xi 陝西. He held various posts during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian 武則天 (→ Wu hou 武候) and was enfeoffed as Duke of Shi quan (Shi quan gong 石泉公). Wang was widely read and an expert in pharmaceutics. He wrote various medical books, including the → Ling nan fang 嶺南方. LSZ refers to him as Wang Fangqing [5] and as Shi quan gong [3]. Wang Fu 王符 (2nd century) [1] Late Eastern Han 漢 scholar. Style name Jiexin 節信, a man of Lin jing 臨涇 in An ding 安定, in the south of present-day Zhen yuan 鎮原 in Gan su 甘肅. He lived in seclusion and wrote books. Author of the Qian fu lun 潛夫論, “Discourse of the Hidden Man.” The → Hou Han shu 後漢書  has his biography. The → Er ya yi 爾雅翼 quotes Wang Fu’s statement on the nine similarities of the dragon’s appearance, and LSZ takes this over in SE long 龍. Wang gong 王公 → Wang Bing 王冰 Wang Gongfu 王公輔 [1] This is LSZ’s writing for Wang Gongfu 王公甫, a Song 宋 jin shi, fl. during the xing guo 興國 reign period (976-983). According to the → Ming yi lu 名醫錄, he was dismissed from office at the Ministry of Rites (li bu 禮部). His wife, Mrs. Ren (→ Ren shi 任氏), got so worried about his official career that her face assumed a blackish complexion that was cured with “powder with privet fruit” (nü zhen san 女貞散). LSZ mentions him in SE nü wan 女菀. Wang Guan 王瓘 [2] Man of Tang 唐, who once held a minor provincial office in Jin an 晉安 county of Lang zhou 閬州. Further details unavailable. Author of the → Xuanyuan ben ji 軒轅本紀.

483 Wang Guiling ji 王龜齡集 → Wang Meixi ji 王梅溪集 Wang Gun 王袞 Northern Song 宋 physician, fl. 11th century. A man of Tai yuan 太原 in present-day Shan xi 山西. He held a local post, and it is said that he turned to medicine due to the illnesses and death of his parents. He collected recipes for more than 20 years, 7000 recipes in all, out of which he chose 500 to write his → Wang shi bo ji fang 王氏博濟方. Note that there was another Song dynasty person of the same name, but since that Wang Gun was appointed to official posts 40 years after the publishing of the Wang shi bo ji fang, it is unlikely that he was the author. LSZ refers to him as Wang Gun [5] and within the title of his book as Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” [11]. Wang Haicang 王海藏 → Wang Haogu 王好古 Wang Haogu 王好古 (13th century) Yuan 元 dynasty physician and expert in pharmaceutics. Style name Jinzhi 進之, literary name Haicang 海藏, “Treasure from the Ocean.” A man of Zhao zhou 趙州, now Zhao xian 趙縣 in He bei 河北. He was a student of → Li Gao 李杲 but also passed the imperial examinations as a jin shi at a young age, which made him, in LSZ’s words, a brilliant disciple as well as a Confucian scholar-physician. His many works include the → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草, the → Yi jia da fa 醫 家大法, the → Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎, the → Yin zheng lüe li 陰證略例, the → Ban lun cui ying 癍論萃英, the → Ci shi nan zhi 此事難知, and the → Qian shi bu yi 錢氏補遺. LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Haogu [30], as Jinzhi [1], as Haogu 好古 [219], as Wang Haicang 王海藏 [12], and as Haicang [6]. Wang Huanzhi 王渙之 (1060-1124) [1] Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Yanzhou 彥舟, a man of Chang shan 常山 in the west of present-day Qu zhou 衢州 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1079. Wang served in local positions away from home but was promoted to various court posts in 1102. While stationed in Shu zhou 舒州 he suffered from intestinal bleeding and was cured by a recipe transmitted by → Chen Yifu 陳宜父. LSZ cites this in SE bai 柏. Wang hui bian 王會篇, “Chapter on the Meeting of the Kings” [1] Chapter in the → Yi Zhou shu 逸周書, AN originally Wang hui jie 王會解, “Section on the Meeting of the Kings.” The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 refers to a Wang hui 王會, “Meeting of the Kings” in the Zhou shu 周書, “Documents of Zhou,” (the original name of the Yi Zhou shu) when citing material on wan niu 紈牛, and LSZ takes this over as Wang hui bian in SE niu 牛. Wang Ji 汪機 (1463-1539) Ming 明 dynasty physician. Style name Shengzhi 省之, literary name Shishan jushi 石山居士, “The Retired Scholar of Stone Mountain,” a man of Qi men 祁 門 in present-day An hui 安徽. Wang came to study medicine because of his mother’s illness and was one of the most renowned doctors of his time. He wrote a large number of books that include the → Ben cao hui bian 本草會編 and the

484 → Wai ke li li 外科理例. LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Ji [38], Shengzhi [1], Ji 機 [61], or Wang shi 汪氏, “Mr. Wang,” [2]. Wang Ji 王濟 [3] Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Boyu 伯雨, a man of Wu cheng 烏程, now Hu zhou 湖州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He was an official in Heng zhou 橫州 in 1521 and passed the national graduate (gong shi 貢士) examinations during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). Wang wrote the → Ri xun shou jing 日詢手鏡 on local products and customs of Heng zhou, which is erroneously listed as Ri xun shou ji 日詢手記, “Hand-Written Records for Daily Inquiries,” in the BCGM bibliography. Wang Ji 王冀 → Wang Yi 王廙 Wang Ji 王及 [4] Tang 唐 dynasty official. A man of Xia zhou 峽州, now Yi chang 宜昌 in Hu bei 湖北. While serving on a military post in Xi chuan 西川, he was forced to ride a chariot on his way through the Luo 洛 river valley and suffered from severe hemorrhoids. This was cured by rinsing the piles with a decoction from huai 槐 and by cauterization with mugwort. The story is recorded in the → TJBC quoting the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, and also in the → ZLBC quoting the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 . LSZ takes it over in his main text. Wang Jian 王戩 → Huang Jian 黃戩 Wang Jianping 王建平 → Jian ping wang 建平王 Wang Jiefu 王介甫 → Wang Anshi 王安石 Wang Jiezhai 王節齋 → Wang Lun 王綸 Wang Jin 王金 [1] Ming 明 period alchemist who once presented artificially produced wu se zhi 五 色芝 to the emperor → Shi zong Su huang di 世宗肅皇帝. Wang Jing gong 王荊公 → Wang Anshi 王安石 Wang Jixian 王繼先 (12th century) [1] Southern Song 宋 medical official. A man of Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南. Due to his medical skills he rose to various military and medical posts but finally fell into disfavor and was banished from the court. In 1159 he headed the compilation of the Shao xing ben cao 紹興本草, “Materia Medica of the Shao xing Period,” in 31 juan (AN Shao xing jiao ding jing shi zheng lei bei ji ben cao 紹興校 定經史證類備急本草, “The Shao xing Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Emergencies, Based on Classics and Histories”). The original book is lost, only an incomplete manuscript remains. LSZ never saw an original copy of this book himself but follows the Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness,” in criticizing the work for its shallow and unrefined contents. Wang jun 王君 [1] This is Da wang jun 大王君, an immortal familiar with the principles of ingesting acanthopanax. In SE wu jia 五加, LSZ is probably citing him second hand

485 from the ZLBC, but the material is actually from the Shen xian fu er dan shi xing yao fa 神仙服餌丹石行藥法, “Divine Immortals’ Methods of Taking Elixirs and Minerals and Applying Pharmaceutics,” preserved in the Dong xuan 洞玄, “Cavern of Mystery,” section of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經). (Cf. → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經). Wang Junchuan 王浚川 → Wang Tingxiang 王廷相 Wang Kuang 王貺 Song 宋 dynasty physician. Style name Ziheng 子亨, a man of Kao cheng 考 城, now Lan kao 蘭考 in He nan 河南. He was the son-in-law of the famous Nan jing 南京 physician Song Yishu 宋毅叔. Winning the favor of the throne through medicine, he was appointed court physician during the xuan he 宣和 reign period (1119-1125). Author of the → Quan sheng zhi mi fang 全生指迷 方. LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Kuang [3], and one reference to → Wang Chaofeng 王朝奉 [1] is probably also to him. Wang Lie 王列 [1] Wei 魏 to Jin 晉 dynasty person, sometimes written Wang Lie 王烈. Style name Changxiu 長休, a man of Han dan 邯鄲 in present-day He nan 河南. He liked taking Daoist pills to attain longevity. The → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 reports that on a visit to Mount Tai hang 太行 he acquired stalactites and ingested them. LSZ cites this second hand in SE shi sui 石髓. Wang Lü 王履 (1323-?) [6] Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 medical expert and painter. Style name Andao 安 道, literary name Jisou 畸叟, “Deformed Old Man,” also Baodu shanren 抱獨山 人, “The Hermit Who Embraces Loneliness.” A man of Kun shan 崑山 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇 and a disciple of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. After 1368 he became a medical official and wrote the → Su hui ji 溯洄集 and other books. Wang Lun 王綸 Ming 明 dynasty official and expert in pharmaceutics. Style name Ruyan 汝言, literary name Jiezhai 節齋, “Studio of Restraint.” A man of Ci xi 慈溪 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1484. He held various central and local posts and is said to have been an accomplished doctor as well. Author of the → Ben cao ji yao 本草集要, the → Ming yi za zhu 明醫雜著, and the → Jiezhai yi lun 節齋醫 論. LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Lun [13], Wang Jiezhai 王節齋 [1], Jiezhai [6], Ruyan [1], and as Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” [3]. Wang Lun yi lun 王綸醫論 → Ming yi za zhu 明醫雜著 Wang Mang 王莽 (45 BCE-23 CE) [3] Founder of the Xin 新 dynasty, in between the Western and Eastern Han 漢, r. 8-23. LSZ cites stories about him from the → Han shu 漢書. Wang Meixi 王梅溪 (1112-1171) [1] This is the literary name of Wang Shipeng 王十朋, a Southern Song high official. Style name Guiling 龜齡, literary name Meixi 梅溪, “Plum Creek,” after his native village. A man of Le qing 樂清 in Wen zhou 溫州, now part of Zhe jiang

486 浙江. In 1157 he placed first as a jin shi and went on to hold various court offices. Author of the → Wang Meixi ji 王梅溪集. Wang Meixi ji 王梅溪集, “Collection of Wang Meixi” This is LSZ’s name for the Meixi ji 梅溪集, “Collection of [Wang] Meixi,” a Southern Song 宋 literary collection. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” Written by Wang Shipeng 王十朋 (→ Wang Meixi 王梅溪). 32 juan, plus a sequel of 5 juan, later recompiled with additional material into a 54 juan edition. The collection contains Wang’s memorials to the emperor, poetry, etc. LSZ cites the work as Wang Meixi ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Wang Guiling ji 王龜齡 集, “Collection of Wang Guiling,” [1] in the main text. Wang Min 王珉 (351-88) [2] Jin 晉 dynasty high official. Style name Xiuyan 秀琰, childhood name Sengmi 僧彌. A man of Lin yi 臨沂 in Lang ye 琅琊, now part of Shan dong 山東. Wang rose to be Secretariat Director (zhong shu ling 中書令) in the Jin central government and was the author of the → Shang han shen yan fang 傷寒身驗方. Wang Min 王旻 [5] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist. Literary name Taihe xiansheng 太和先生, “Gentleman of the Great Peace.” Fl. during the kai yuan 開元 and tian bao 天寶 reign periods (713-756). He lived at Gao mi 高密 on Mount Lao 牢, practicing alchemy. Because of his connection to Wang → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 changed the name of the mountain to Fu Tang shan 輔唐山, “Mountain Assisting the Tang.” The Shan ju yao shu 山居要術, “Essential Arts for Dwelling in the Mountains,” (→ Shan ju lu 山居錄) is attributed to an author called Wang Min, and some consider this to be the Taihe xiansheng. Wang Min shanren 王旻山人 → Shi Min 石旻 Wang Mingfen 王鳴鳳 [1] Ming 明 dynasty high official, served as Vice Minister of the Imperial Stud (tai pu shao qing 太僕少卿.) The → Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方 (compiled c. 1542-1545) discusses his experiences with ingesting han lian cao 旱蓮草 to cure anal fistula. Wang Mingqing 王明清 Early Southern Song 宋 official, mistakenly called Wang Qingming 王清明 [2] by LSZ. Fl. 12th century. Style name Zhongyan 仲言, a man of Ru yin 汝陰 in present-day An hui 安徽. He held local offices and was the author of the → Hui zhu lu 揮麈錄, the → Hui zhu yu hua 揮麈餘話, the Yu zhao xin zhi 玉照新志, “New Records of Jade Illumination,” the Tou xia lu 投轄錄, “Records of Insisting on Guests to Stay,” the → Zhi qing za shuo 摭青雜説, and other books. LSZ cites his Zhi qing za shuo and Hui zhu lu, wrongly attributing the latter to → Wang Xingzhi 王性之, as well as the Hui zhu yu hua, which he mistakenly calls Hui chen yu hua 揮塵餘話.

487 Wang mu 王母 → Xi wang mu 西王母 Wang Nanqiang 王南強 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Rongzhi 容之. A man of Xiang xiang 湘 鄉 in Tan zhou 潭州, now part of Hu nan 湖南. Jin shi 1187. While serving as governor of Jiu jiang 九江, he used a recipe listed in the → Ji yao fang 集要方  to successfully cure a “[urinary] dripping illness” (lin ji 淋疾). LSZ cites this in SE niu xi 牛膝. Wang Ni 王嶷 → Wang Zhongni 王仲薿 Wang Pan 王磐 (1470-1530) Ming 明 dynasty writer of san qu 散曲 poetry and medical texts. Style name Hongjian 鴻漸, literary name Xilou 西樓, “Western Tower.” A man of Gao you 高郵 in Nan jing 南京, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. Author of the Wang Xilou yue fu 王西樓樂府, “The Yue fu of Wang Xilou,” and the farming manual → Ye cai pu 野菜譜. LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Pan [1] and as Wang Xilou 王西樓 [2]. Wang Qi 王琪 [1] Northern Song 宋 physician, a specialist in treating ulcers (yang 瘍). A man of Jin ling 金陵. → Shen Gua 沈括 once asked Wang Qi to pass on a recipe to him and requested to see the pharmaceutical drug it contained. It was honeysuckle vine. Later Shen approached various medical specialists: a monk named → Jianqing 鑒清 in Jiang xi 江西, → Wang Zibo 王子駁 in Xuan zhou 宣州, and a scholar named Liu Chunchen 劉純臣 (→ Liu xiu cai Chunchen 劉秀才純臣), and he learned that the names of the drugs they resorted to were all different but that the substance in question was always honeysuckle vine. LSZ mentions him in SE ren dong 忍冬. Wang Qi 王起 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty erudite with special expertise in literature. Fl. during the zhen guan 貞觀 reign period (627-650). In an annotation to the saying “the strength of birds lies in the qi” (qin zhi zhi zai qi 禽之制在氣) from the → Yin fu jing 陰 符經, he states that the mysterious tortoise (xuan gui 玄龜) can devour a python and other such examples “are all proof that something small can check something big. That is, the strength lies in the qi, not in the physical appearance.” His statement was recorded in the Ming 明 Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄). LSZ cites it in SE zhu she 諸蛇 without identifying his source. Wang Qingming 王清明 → Wang Mingqing 王明清 Wang Qiu 王璆 Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Mengyu 孟玉, literary name Shizhai 是 齋, “Studio of Rightness,” a man of Shan yin 山陰, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Wang was considered a person of great talent and had a special interest in medicine. Initially, he held a local post in Huai nan 淮南, but he was appointed to He zhou 和州 in 1189 and rose to be governor (tai shou 太守) of Han yang 漢陽 in 1197. Wang’s family had collected large numbers of medical recipes, and in his spare time he organized them, selecting the best and creating

488 the Shizhai bai yi xuan fang 是齋百一選方, “101 Selected Recipes of [Wang] Shizhai,” (→ Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方) over a period of 19 years. LSZ refers to him as Wang Qiu [36] and as Shizhai [4]. Wang rixin 王日新 Ming 明 dynasty physician. Further details about his life are unavailable. Author of a → Xiao er fang 小兒方 . The disease names mentioned in this work are specific to Ming times, therefore the author must have been a Ming dynasty figure. LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Rixin [2] and Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” [1]. Wang rui 王叡 Tang 唐 dynasty man, exact life dates unavailable. Literary name Zhigu zi 炙轂 子, “The Master of Easy-Going Humor.” The Five Dynasties Shen xian gan yu zhuan 神仙感遇傳, “Stories of Encounters with Divine Immortals,” (→ Shen xian gan ying pian 神仙感應篇) of Du Guangting mentions a jin shi Wang Rui who died at the age of 80 years; therefore it can be assumed that Wang was active sometime between the reigns of → Tang Xuan zong 唐宣宗 (r. 846-859) and Xi zong 僖宗 (r. 874-888). Author of the → Zhigu zi 炙轂子. LSZ refers to him as Wang Rui 王叡 [1] and as Wang Rui 王睿 [1]. Wang rui 王睿 → Wang Rui 王叡 Wang Shanfu 王善夫 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty person, also written Wang Shanfu 王善甫. He once suffered from anuria, with his abdomen giving him such a feeling of fullness that he wished to die. → Li Gao 李杲 resorted to the therapeutic pattern of “use heat for diseases caused by cold” to cure him. LSZ cites this in SE bo mu 檗木. Wang Shaoyan 王紹顔 → Wang Yan 王顔 Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang”, “Mrs. Wang” Various writers and other figures surnamed Wang. In some cases identification is impossible.  [1] In connection with material from the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 on “small recipes” (xiao fang 小方), this is → Wang Bing 王冰.

 [1] In connection with the → Pan yu ji 番禺記, this is a Wang Delian 王德 璉 of uncertain identity.  [3] In connection with the → Zi shuo 字説, this is → Wang Anshi 王安石.

 [11] In connection with the → Wang shi bo ji fang 王氏博濟方, this is → Wang Gun 王袞.

 [8] In connection with the → Yi jian fang 易簡方 , this is → Wang Shuo 王碩.  [2] In connection with the → Nong shu 農書, this is → Wang Zhen 王禎.

 [3] In connection with the → Ben cao ji yao 本草集要, this is → Wang Lun 王綸.

489  [1] In connection with the → Yi fang jie jing 醫方捷徑, this is Wang Zongxian 王宗顯, a Ming 明 dynasty physician. Fl. during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). Further details about his life are unavailable. Wang’s book was repeatedly revised by the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院) and circulated widely in various editions after his time. LSZ does not refer to Wang by his full name but calls him Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” when listing the Yi fang ji jie in the BCGM bibliography.

 [1] In connection with the → Xiao er fang 小兒方 , this is → Wang Rixin 王日新.

 [1] In Wang shi wan wei lu 王氏宛委錄, “The Wan wei Records of Mr. Wang,” (→ Wan wei yu bian 宛委餘編) this is → Wang Shizhen 王世貞. [1] In connection with the → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要, this is → Wang Xi 王璽.

2 3

[2] Unknown author of the → Wang shi shou ji 王氏手集

[2] Unknown author of the → Wang shi qi fang 王氏奇方

4 [2] According to LSZ, the author of the → Jiu yuan fang 究原方, but this is an erroneous attribution.

5 [4] Unknown author of the → Wang shi dou zhen fang 王氏痘疹方, possibly → Wang Rixin 王日新.

6 [1] In a case record from the → Yun xian lu 雲仙錄, this is a person of uncertain identity. 7

[1] → Si cun Wang shi 思村王氏

8 [1] Mother of → Sheng Yan 盛彥, from the Wang 王 clan. LSZ cites a case record from the → Jin shu 晋書 in SE qi cao 蠐螬.

9 [1] Wife of a man called → Qu Yong 屈雍 of Ru nan 汝南, from the Wang 王 clan. Apparently, → Kong Xian 孔羨 submitted a memorial to the throne about how she bore a son from the area underneath her right armpit and above the lower abdomen. LSZ cites this story from the Wei zhi 魏志, “Records of Wei,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) in SE ren gui 人傀. Wang shi 王師, “Teacher Wang” [1] Ming 明 dynasty physician. Personal name unknown. The → Han shi yi tong 韓 氏醫通 of 1522 lists four of his recipes, and one of them is taken over by LSZ in SE lu 鹿. Wang shi 汪氏, “Mr. Wang”  [2] → Wang Ji 汪機, author of the → Ben cao hui bian 本草會編 and other books.

 [1] In SE bai xian 白鷳 this is → Wang Ying 汪穎. Wang shi bo ji 王氏博濟 → Wang shi bo ji fang 王氏博濟方

490 Wang shi bo ji fang 王氏博濟方, “Mr. Wang’s recipes of universal Benefit” Medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Bo ji fang 博濟方, “Recipes of Universal Benefit.” Written by → Wang Gun 王袞. DC 1047. 3 juan (AV 5 juan). The text contains more than 500 recipes, mostly material not found in other books. Recipes are categorized by indications and efficacy. Each category begins with a general treatise on diagnosis and treatment of the respective disease, which is followed by specific pharmaceutical treatment methods. By LSZ’s time the book was rare, but it is quoted in the → ZLBC, the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, and other works. A 5 juan edition was produced in Qing 青 times from material in the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period.” LSZ probably only cited the book second hand, referring to it as Wang shi bo ji fang [8], as Bo ji fang [12], and as Wang shi bo ji 王氏博濟, “Universal Benefit by Mr. Wang,” [3]. Wang shi dou zhen fang 王氏痘疹方, “Mr. Wang’s recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules” [4] Medical book. EE BCGM. LSZ does not list any such text in his bibliography but cites it in the main text. There are many Ming 明 dynasty books listed as Dou zhen fang 痘疹方, “Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox-Papules,” but none was written by a Mr. Wang. The only pediatric text by an author called Wang LSZ quotes is the → Xiao er fang 小兒方  by → Wang Rixin 王日新, but whether that is the same text is uncertain. Wang shi fang 王氏方 → Jiu yuan fang 究原方 Wang shi ji yao 王氏集要 → Ben cao ji yao 本草集要 Wang shi jian yi fang 王氏簡易方 → Yi jian fang 易簡方  Wang shi jiu yuan fang 王氏究原方 → Jiu yuan fang 究原方 Wang shi jiu yuan fang 王氏究源方 → Jiu yuan fang 究原方 Wang shi nong shu 王氏農書 → Nong shu 農書 Wang shi qi fang 王氏奇方, “Extraordinary recipes of Mr. Wang” [1] Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to a Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang.” Information on the author is unavailable, and the book is not listed in any other bibliography. LSZ cites one recipe in the main text, but his source remains obscure. Note that in the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM the text is erroneously written Wang shi ji fang 王氏寄方. Wang shi shou ji 王氏手集, “Hand Collection of Mr. Wang” [2] Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to a Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang.” Information on the author is unavailable, and the book is not listed in any other bibliography. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Wang shi wan wei lu 王氏宛委錄 → Wan wei yi bian 宛委餘編 Wang shi xiao er fang 王氏小兒方 → Xiao er fang 小兒方  Wang shi yi fang jie jing 王氏醫方捷徑 → Yi fang jie jing 醫方捷徑

491 Wang shi yi jian 王氏易簡 → Yi jian fang 易簡方  Wang shi yi jian fang 王氏易簡方 → Yi jian fang 易簡方  Wang shi zi shuo 王氏字説→ Zi shuo 字説 Wang Shizhen 王世貞 (1526-1590) Literary scholar. Style name Yuanmei 元美, literary name Fengzhou 鳳洲, “Phoenix Island,” Yanzhou shanren 弇州山人, “Hermit of Yan zhou,” a man of Tai cang 太倉 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. He passed the jin shi examinations during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567) and held the post of Minister of Justice (xing bu shang shu 刑部尚書) in the capital of Nan jing 南京. He was famous for his literary talents, wrote a large number of books, and was one of the heads of the literary sect of the Later Seven Masters (hou qi zi 後七子). Wang was a great supporter of LSZ’s work and wrote a preface to the BCGM, which is signed with his name. Due to his support, the BCGM was finally printed after LSZ’s death in 1596. LSZ refers to him as Wang Shizhen [1] and Wang shi 王 氏, “Mr. Wang,” [1]. Wang Shou 王收 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty jin shi.Author of an introduction to the → Si sheng ben cao 四聲 本草 of → Xiao Bing 蕭炳. Further details unavailable. Wang shu shi 王樞使, “Military affairs Commissioner Wang” [1] This is Wang Qianzhong 王謙仲, a Southern Song 宋 official who served as Military Affairs Commissioner (shu mi shi 樞密使) during the early shao xi 紹熙 reign period (1190-1194). The → Yi shuo 醫説 relates the story of an official who ingested sulfur and pig’s fat to treat his premature aging but once mistakenly consumed ox blood instead of pig’s fat and perished. The palace medical officer → Guan Fan 管範 learned of this story and transmitted it. Wang Qianzhong confirmed that a combination of pig’s fat and sulfur makes sense and can be ingested over a long time. LSZ cites Wang’s statement but erroneously attributes it to Guan Fan in SE shi liu huang 石硫黃. Wang Shucai 王叔才 Name of an immortal, said to have obtained longevity and to have produced many sons by ingesting wine with wu jia 五加. LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites this story from an assumed → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經 but erroneously refers to Wang as Wang Shuya 王叔牙 [1]. Wang Shuhe 王叔和 [2] This is the commonly used style name of Wang Xi 王熙, a Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 dynasties medical writer. Fl. mid-3rd century. A man of Gao ping 高平 in the southwest of present-day Zou xian 鄒縣 in Shan dong 山東 (AV Ji ning 濟寧 in Shan dong). Under Western Jin he held the post of Imperial Physician (tai yi ling 太醫令) and was well-versed in classic recipes and life cultivation techniques. Wang was the author of the earliest book on pulse diagnosis still extant, the → Mai jing 脈經 . He also compiled a version of the Shang han za bing lun 傷寒雜病論, “Discourse on Harm Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseas-

492 es,” (→ Shang han lun 傷寒論 ) from circulating fragments of that text, which became the basis for the Song 宋 edition. Wang Shuo 王碩 Southern Song 宋 official and physician. Style name Defu 德膚, a man of Yong jia 永嘉, now Wen zhou 溫州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Between 1195 and 1200 he held some official posts. Wang was a disciple of → Chen Yan 陳言 and the author of the → Yi jian fang 易簡方 . LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Shuo [6] and as Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” [8]. Wang Shuya 王叔牙 → Wang Shucai 王叔才 Wang Su 王肅 (195-256) [1] Confucian scholar, from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Ziyong 子雍, a man of Dong hai 東海 in the southwest of present-day Tan cheng 郯城 in Shan dong 山東. Author of various commentaries to the classics. He esteemed the interpretations of Jia Kui 賈逵 and Ma Rong 馬 融 but was a vehement opponent of the philosophy of → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄. In opposition to the “Zheng School” (Zheng xue 鄭學), Wang’s school of thought was called the “Wang School” (Wang xue 王學). Wang Su is said to have forged the → Kong zi jia yu 孔子家語 in order to create a ground for the argument of his own Sheng zheng lun 聖證論, “Discourse on Sagely Proofs.” LSZ, following the mistake of previous authors, mentions him in a second hand quotation from the → Bo wu zhi 博物志 , but this is actually Wang Er 王尒 (AV Wang Er 王 爾) and not Wang Su at all. Wang tai pu 王太仆 → Wang Bing 王冰 Wang Tao 王燾 (c. 670-755) [12] Tang 唐 dynasty physician. A man of Mei 郿, now Mei xian 郿縣 in Shaan xi 陝西. He is said to have suffered from many illnesses as a child, thus his interest in medicine. Wang held the position of Censorate Minister (tai ge 臺閣) for 20 years, during which he was able to access a vast amount of books at the Institute for the Advancement of Books (hong wen guan 弘文館), thus the designation “Outer Censorate Official” (wai tai 外臺) used in the title of his famous book, the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方. Wang Tingxiang 王廷相 (1474-1544) Ming 明 dynasty philosopher and expert in literature. Style name Ziheng 子衡, literary name Junchuan 浚川, “Dredging the River.” A man of Yi feng 儀封, now Lan kao 蘭考 in He nan 河南, jin shi 1502. He served as Minister of War (bing bu shang shu 兵部尚書) in Nan jing 南京 but also devoted himself to philosophy, celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), literature, musical harmony, and agricultural science. Wang was an advocate of “recovering the past” (fu gu 復古) poetics, and along with → He Jingming 何景明 and others he was one of “Earlier Seven Masters” (qian qi zi 前七子). Wang was the author of the → Ya shu 雅述, the Shen yan 慎言, “Prudent Words,” and other books. LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Tingxiang [1] and as Wang Junchuan 王浚川 [3].

493 Wang Tong 王通 [1] Northern Song 宋 medical specialist. During the huang you 皇祐 reign period (1049-1054), he resorted to a substance called xue xuan 雪玄 to cure → Ren Dao 任道 of his “fish belly sores” (yu qi chuang 魚臍瘡). Wang Wei 王微 (415-453) Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty painter. Style name Jingxuan 景玄 (AV Jingxian 景賢), a man of Lin yi 臨沂 in Lang xie 琅邪, now part of Shan dong 山東. He was noted for his literary abilities, painting, and calligraphy, as well as his knowledge of musical harmony and medicine. He wrote a number of eulogies (zan 贊) on herb gathering that are found in the → Chu xue ji 初學記 and the → ZLBC. LSZ cites individual zan in his main text and refers to the whole group as → Song Wang Wei zan 宋王微贊 in his bibliography. Wang has a biography in the → Song shu 宋書. LSZ refers to him as Wang Wei [3] and erroneously as Yuan Hui 元徽 [1]. Wang Wei 王維 (c. 701-761) [4] Tang 唐 dynasty poet and painter. Style name Mojie 摩詰, a man of Pu zhou 蒲 州 in the west of present-day Yong ji 永濟 in Shan xi 山西. Jin shi during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-742). He held various court offices, including that of Assistant Director of the Right at the Department of State Affairs (shang shu you cheng 尚書右丞), thus he is often referred to as Wang you cheng 王右丞. He was famed for his poetry, painting and musical skills. His collection is the Wang you cheng ji 王右丞集, “Collection of Assistant Director Wang.” LSZ refers to the poetic part of this collection as → Wang Wei shi ji 王維詩集. Wang Wei shi 王維詩 → Wang Wei shi ji 王維詩集 Wang Wei shi ji 王維詩集, “Poetry Collection of Wang Wei” This is LSZ’s name for the poetry part of the Wang you cheng ji 王右丞集, “Collection of Assistant Director Wang,” the literary collection of the early Tang 唐 poet → Wang Wei 王維. FE (complete collection) Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄 解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Wang Wei wen ji 王維文集, “Literary Collection of Wang Wei,” Wang Wei ji 王維集, “Collection of Wang Wei,” Wang Mojie wen ji 王摩詰文集, “Literary Collection of Wang Mojie.” 10 juan (varies with the edition), consisting of 6 juan of poetry and 4 juan of other writings. No Wang Wei shi ji is found in any of the standard bibliographies, so this must be a reference to the poetry collection in the Wang you cheng ji. LSZ lists the Wang Wei shi ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but in the main text only refers to poems from the text as Wang Wei shi 王維詩, “Poem by Wang Wei,” [3] and as Wang Wei ying tao shi 王維櫻桃詩, “Wang Wei’s Poem on the Cherry,” [1], which in the original collection is called Chi ci bai guan ying tao shi 勅賜百官櫻桃詩, “Poem about the Imperial Command to Give Cherries to All the Officials.” Wang Wei ying tao shi 王維櫻桃詩 → Wang Wei shi ji 王維詩集 Wang wei Zijun 王尉子駿 → Wang Zibo 王子駁

494 Wang Wenzheng gong 王文正公 (957-1017) [1] This is the posthumous title of Wang Dan 王旦, a Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Ziming 子明, a man of Xin xian 莘縣 in Da ming 大名, now part of Shan dong 山東. Jin shi 980. He held various local and central posts and in 1006 rose to be Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相). The → Song shi 宋史 has his biography. According to the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, he successfully ingested a wine with su he xiang 蘇合香 to cure himself of waning qi. Wang Xi 王璽 Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. 2nd half of the 15th century. Style name Zhaoshi 昭時, a man of Gu zhu 孤竹 in Zhen li 真隸, now Lu long 盧龍 in He bei 河北. Author of the → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要. LSZ refers to him as Wang Xi [6] and as Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” [1]. Wang Xiang 王相 [1] Northern Song 宋 person, fl. during the chong ning 崇寧 reign period (11021107). He once resorted to da suan 大蒜 and further substances to cure dizziness resulting from summerheat. This story is recorded in the Bi shu lu hua 避暑錄 話, “Recorded Talks from the Summer Resort,” (→ Bi shu lu 避暑錄), and LSZ takes it over in SE hu 葫. Wang Xilou 王西樓 → Wang Pan 王磐 Wang Xingzhi 王性之 [2] This is the style name of Wang Zhi 王銍, a Southern Song 宋 scholar. A man of Ru yin 汝陰, now Fu yang 阜陽 in An hui 安徽. Fl. during the qian dao 乾道 reign period (1165-1173). Wang had a habit of attributing his books to other authors. His Yun xian za ji 雲仙雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of the Immortals of the Clouds,” (→ Yun xian lu 雲仙錄), for example, was written using the name of a Tang 唐 writer. LSZ mistakenly attributes the → Hui zhu lu 揮麈錄 to Wang. Wang Xizhi 王羲之 (303-361) [1] Eastern Jin 晉 calligrapher, one of the most famous in Chinese history. Style name Yishao 逸少. Originally from Lin yi 臨沂 in Lang xie 琅邪, now part of Shan dong 山東, he later moved to Shan yin 山陰, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He served as General to the Right (you jiang jun 右將軍) and was therefore also called Wang you jun 王右軍, “Wang the General to the Right.” LSZ refers to model calligraphies of his as → Fa tie 法帖 and Wang you jun fa tie 王右軍法帖. Wang Xizhi tie 王羲之帖 → Fa tie 法帖 Wang yan 王顔 Official of Southern Tang 唐 during the Five Dynasties period, also called Wang Shaoyan 王紹顔 [3] in the → TJBC, a mistake that LSZ takes over. Prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Yun zhou 筠州 and author of the → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方, the Nan Tang Lie zu kai ji zhi 南唐烈祖開基志, “Annals of the Founding of the State by [Emperor] Lie zu of Southern Tang,” and other books.

495 Wang yan 王晏 (died 497) [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty high official. Style name Shiyan 士彥, a man of Lin yi 臨 沂 in Lang xie 琅邪, now Lin yi in Shan dong 山東. In 494 he served as Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu ling 尚書令) but was killed only a few years later. The → Nan Qi shu 南齊書 has his biography. According to the → Nan shi 南史, he discussed with → Xu Sibo 徐嗣伯 how to treat demonic diseases. LSZ cites this in SE si ren zhen xi 死人枕席. Wang yi 王廙 (276-322) Eastern Jin 晉 high official, literatus and calligrapher. Style name Shijiang 世將, a man of Lin yi 臨沂 in Lang ya 瑯琊, now part of Shan dong 山東. A man of many talents, he also loved painting and music. Wang served in various, mainly military, posts. His writings are collected in a Wang Yi ji 王廙集, “Collection of Wang Yi,” in 10 juan, which contains many of his poems. LSZ cites Wang’s → Luo du fu 洛都賦 but erroneously writes the author’s name Wang Ji 王冀 [1] in SE tian gua 甜瓜 Wang yi 王逸 [7] Eastern Han 漢 scholar. Style name Shushi 叔師, a man of Yi cheng 宜城 in Nan jun 南郡, now part of Hu bei 湖北. He held a court appointment during the time of Emperor An 安 (r. 107-125) and another during the era of Emperor Shun 順 (r. 126-144). He was the author of the Chu ci zhang ju 楚辭章句, “Chapter and Verse Commentary to the Chu ci,” the earliest collection of commentaries on the entire → Chu ci 楚辭. Wang also expanded the text by adding the Jiu si 九思, “Nine Thoughts,” as a 17th section. LSZ makes frequent use of his notes to the Chu ci and also refers to a Yu lun 玉論, “Jade Discourse,” (→ Zheng bu lun 正部論) by Wang. Wang Yi zhu 王逸注 → Chu ci 楚辭 Wang Yi zhu Chu ci 王逸注楚辭 → Chu ci 楚辭 Wang yin 王隱 (4th century) [2] Eastern Jin 晉 historiographer. Style name Chushu 處叔, a man of Chen xian 陳縣 in Chen jun 陳郡, now Huai yang 淮陽 in He nan 河南. Wang took up work on the Jin shi 晉史, “History of the Jin,” left incomplete by his father Wang Quan 王銓 and in 318 received imperial orders to head the compilation of an official history of the Jin. He was pushed aside by his colleague Yu Yu 虞預, who was compiling a private history and stole some of Wang’s material. Wang later succeeded in getting material assistance by Yu Liang 庾亮 and was able to complete the → Jin shu 晉書. Wang ying 王英 [2] Ming 明 dynasty medical writer. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of the → Xing lin zhai yao 杏林搞要. Wang ying 汪穎 Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of Jiang ling 江陵, now Jing zhou 荊州 in Hu bei 湖北. During the zheng de 正德 reign period (1506-1521) he held a local post in Jiu jiang 九江. Wang compiled the → Shi wu ben cao 食物本草 based on a

496 draft by → Lu He 盧和. LSZ, accordingly, considered Wang the author, referring to him as Wang Ying [60], Ying 穎 [45], or in SE bai xian 白鷳 as Wang shi 汪氏, “Mr. Wang,” [1]. Wang yinjun 王隱君 This is the nickname of Wang Gui 王珪, a Yuan 元 dynasty physician, fl. late 13th to early 14th centuries. Style name Junzhang 均章, literary name Dongxu zi 洞虛子, “Master of the Cavern Emptiness,” a man of Wu jun 吳郡, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. When Wang was 40 he retired from office and lived in seclusion at Mount Lu 廬, thus his nickname “Wang the Secluded Lord.” Wang practiced inner alchemy and was an expert in medicine, life cultivation, and painting. He died in his 90s. Author of the → Yang sheng zhu lun 養生主論. LSZ refers to him as Wang Yinjun [8] and in connection with a medical recipe as Wang Yinzhe 王隱者 [1]. Wang yinzhe 王隱者 → Wang Yinjun 王隱君 Wang yongfu 王永輔 [4] Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 dynasty medical writer. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of the → Hui ji fang 惠濟方. Wang you jun fa tie 王右軍法帖, “Model Calligraphy of Wang the General to the right” [1] Calligraphy by → Wang Xizhi 王羲之, the renowned calligrapher of Eastern Jin 晉 who once served as General to the Right (you jiang jun 右將軍), thus the title. His model calligraphies were passed on through subsequent centuries, and there are various editions of printed books and rubbings of them called Wang Xizhi fa tie 王羲之法帖, “Model Calligraphies of Wang Xizhi.” LSZ cites a pharmaceutical recipe from an unspecified Wang you jun fa tie in SE ying 鷹. Wang youliang 汪友良 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Po yang 鄱陽 in present-day Jiang xi 江 西). He once choked on a bone but was cured by holding borax in his mouth to dissolve it. This story is recorded in the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 and taken over by LSZ in SE peng sha 蓬砂. Wang yuanzhi 王元之 (954-1001) [5] This is the style name of Wang Yucheng 王禹偁, a Northern Song 宋 literary scholar. A man of Ju ye 鉅野 in Ji zhou 濟州, now part of Shan dong 山東, jin shi during the tai ping xing guo 太平興囯 reign period (976-984). Apart from being a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy, he held other national and local posts. He was known for his outspoken manner, and this finally led to his banishment to Huang zhou 黃州 in the South, from where he later moved to Qi zhou 蘄州. Wang held high the works of → Han Yu 韓愈 and → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 and was himself the author of numerous works including the Tai zong shi lu 太 宗實錄, “Veritable Records of Tai zong,” and a Xiao xu ji 小畜集, “The Xiao xu Collection,” a Xiao xu wai ji 小畜外集, “Outer Xiao xu Collection,” and a Wu dai shi que wen 五代史闕文, “Missing Texts of the History of the Five Dynasties.” LSZ quotes his → Feng ji 蜂記, lists the Xiao xu ji as → Wang Yuanzhi ji 王元

497 之集 in his bibliography, and refers to his poems twice. All the material he cites is taken from the Xiao xu ji. Wang Yuanzhi ji 王元之集, “Collection of Wang yuanzhi” Literary collection of Wang Yucheng 王禹偁 (→ Wang Yuanzhi 王元之). See bibliography of the BCGM. There is no book of this title found in any other bibliography. The literary collections of Wang are called Xiao xu ji 小畜集, “The Xiao xu Collection,” and Xiao xu wai ji 小畜外集, “Outer Xiao xu Collection.” LSZ lists the title Wang Yuanzhi ji [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to any such book again in the main text. He does, however, cite two poems of Wang’s and his → Feng ji 蜂記. All the material quoted is found in the Xiao xu ji, so it may well be that Wang Yuanzhi ji is LSZ’s name for that specific collection. Wang yun 王筠 (481-549) [1] Liang 梁 dynasty scholar. Style name Yuanli 元禮, Derou 德柔. A man of Lin yi 臨沂 in Lang xie 琅邪, now part of Shan dong 山東. LSZ cites a poem of his second hand from the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚. Wang Zhaosui 王昭遂 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty person, a fellow townsman of → Ge Hong 葛洪. Legend has it that he ingested a “powder with pulverized jade” (yu fen san 玉粉散) and obtained longevity. LSZ cites this in SE shi liu huang 石硫黃. Wang Zhen 王禎 Yuan 元 dynasty expert on agriculture. Style name Boshan 伯善, a man of Dong ping 東平 in Shan dong 山東. Between 1295 and 1300 he held local posts in present-day An hui 安徽 and Jiang xi 江西 where he encouraged the cultivation of mulberry trees, cotton, hemp, and other agricultural products as well as reforming the usage of farm implements. He was the author of the → Nong shu 農書. LSZ refers to Wang as Wang Zhen 王禎 [25], as Wang shi 王氏, “Mr. Wang,” [2], and, in his bibliography, incorrectly as Wang Zhen 王楨 [1]. Wang Zhen 王楨 → Wang Zhen 王禎 Wang Zhigang 王之綱 [1] Unknown author of the → Tong wei ji 通微集. No details about his life available. Wang Zhizhong 王執中 [5] Southern Song 宋 official, expert in acumoxa therapy. Style name Shuquan 叔 權, a man of Dong jia 東嘉 (AV Rui an 瑞安), around present-day Wen zhou 溫州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi 1169. He held various minor offices and was the author of the Zhen jiu zi sheng jing 針灸資生經, “Classic of Supporting Life by Needling and Burning,” (→ Zi sheng jing 資生經) and the lost → Ji xiao fang 既效方. Wang Zhongmian 王仲勉 [4] Ming 明 or pre-Ming medical writer, no details about his life available. Author of the otherwise unknown → Jing yan fang 經驗方 .

498 Wang Zhongni 王仲薿 Song 宋 dynasty official. Style name Fengfu 豐父, a man of Hua yang 華陽 in Cheng du 成都, now Cheng du in Si chuan 四川. He held central posts and was described as having an elegant demeanor as well as excellent skills in writing compositions. While stationed in Kuai ji 會稽 at the end of the zheng he 政和 reign period (1111-1117), he once gave 50 red bayberry pits to → Tong Guan 童貫 to treat the latter’s “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣). LSZ cites this in SE yang mei 楊梅 but erroneously writes Wang’s name Wang Ni 王嶷 [1]. Wang Zhuo 王灼 [2] Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Huishu 晦叔, literary name Yitang 頤堂, “Hall of Nourishment.” A man of Sui ning 遂寧 in Si chuan 四川. He held a post during the shao xing 紹興 reign period (1131-1162) and was the author of the → Tang shuang pu 糖霜譜, the first specialized book on the preparation of sugar from sugar cane. Wang Zibo 王子駁 Northern Song 宋 official. Served as commandant (wei 尉) of Xuan zhou 宣 州 (later Ning guo 寧國). He was approached by → Shen Gua 沈括 for details about the effects of honeysuckle vine (cf. → Wang Qi 王琪). LSZ erroneously refers to him as Wang wei Zijun 王尉子駿, “Commandant Wang Zijun” [1] in SE ren dong 忍冬. Wang Zijing 王子敬 (344-386) [1] This is the style name of Wang Xianzhi 王獻之, an Eastern Jin 晉 calligrapher, the seventh son of → Wang Xizhi 王羲之. Originally from Lang ya 琅琊 at the river Yi 沂 in present-day Shan dong 山東, he later moved to Shan yin 山陰 in Kuai ji 會稽, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. In his hand-written → Jing xi tie 靜息帖, he states that his older brother following the ingestion of a certain powder developed an “obstruction-illness” (yong 癰), which Wang suspected to be the harmful result of arsenic poisoning. The note is quoted in the → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆, and LSZ takes it over in SE yu shi 礜石. Wang Zinian 王子年 (died c. 385) [5] This is the style name of Wang Jia 王嘉, a master of recipes (fang shi 方士) from the state of Former Qin 秦 during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Some claim he was a man of Long xi 隴西 in the southeast of present-day Long xi county in Gan su 甘肅 while other sources attribute him to Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南. Wang lived as a recluse in a valley in Dong yang 東陽 but later moved to Mount Zhong nan 終南 near Chang an 長安 and finally to Hu shan 虎山. He rejected a summons from Fu Jian 苻堅 of Former Qin to take up an official position and was later killed by Yao Chang 姚萇 of Later Qin. Author of the → Shi yi ji 拾遺記 . Wang Ziqiao 王子喬 [1] At least partly legendary immortal. According to the Han 漢 dynasty → Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳, Wang Ziqiao was Tai zi Jin 太子晉, “Crown Prince Jin,” son of King Ling 靈 of Zhou 周 (r. 571-545 BCE), and he loved to play the flute and

499 imitate the cries of birds. The → Hou Han shu 後漢書  contains the biography of a historical person called Wang Qiao 王喬, which states that Wang was a man of He dong 河東 in present-day Shan xi 山西 who was in possession of divine techniques. Some consider this to be the ancient immortal Wang Ziqiao. According to the → Yu han fang 玉函方, Wang ingested a recipe with chrysanthemum flowers, and this is taken over by LSZ in SE ju 菊. Wang Zuo 王佐 (15th century) [2] Ming dynasty writer. Style name Gongzai 功載, a man of Ji shui 吉水 in Ji zhou 吉州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. He supplemented the Ge gu yao lun 格古要論, “Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things,” of → Cao Zhao 曹昭 in 1459, to produce a much expanded work called Xin zeng ge gu yao lun 新增格古要論. “Newly Expanded Essential Discourses on the Investigation of Ancient Things.” LSZ confuses this work and the original text by Cao and calls both → Ge gu lun 格古論. Wangwu shanren 王屋山人 → Wang Chang 王常 Wansu 完素 → Liu Wansu 劉完素 Wei Boyang 魏伯陽 [2] This is the style name of Wei Ao 魏翱, an Eastern Han 漢 alchemist. Literary name Yunya zi 雲牙子, “Master of the Flaky Clouds,” a man of Shang yu 上虞 in Kuai ji 會稽, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He came from an illustrious family and is said to have loved Daoist arts by his very nature. He wrote the → Can tong qi 參同契 and became a figure of veneration for later Daoists. Wei dan 韋丹 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Wenming 文明, a man of Wan nian 萬 年 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. During the yuan he 元和 reign period (806-820) he served as Surveillance Commissioner (guan cha shi 觀 察使) in Jiang nan 江南. His administrative achievements were outstanding. His son → Wei Zhou 韋宙 compiled a Ji yan du xing fang 集驗獨行方, “Collected and Proven Single Substance Recipes,” (→ Du xing fang 獨行方), and recipes by Wei Dan himself were transmitted through the ages as well. The → TJBC quotes numerous examples. LSZ cites two such recipes second hand as Wei Dan fang 韋 丹方, “Recipes of Wei Dan,” in his main text. Wei Dan fang 韋丹方 → Wei Dan 韋丹 Wei di 魏邸 Southern Song 宋 official. While he served in Ming zhou 明州, the wife of one of his subordinates suffered from abdominal swelling and anuria. An imperial physician resorted to a powder with gua lou 栝樓 to cure her. This is recorded in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, but LSZ erroneously gives the → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方 as his source, calls Wei Wei Mingzhou 魏明州 [1], and turns him into the diseased person. Wei furen 魏夫人, “Lady Wei” (252-334) This is another name for the female Daoist Wei Huacun 魏華存. Style name Bao’an 賢安, a native of Cheng tan 城樊 in Jin ren 晉任, in the southwest of

500 present-day Ji yuan 濟源 in He nan 河南. She was the daughter of the Minister of Education (si tu 司徒) Wei Shu 魏舒 and the wife of Liu Wen 劉文. Lady Wei is said to have shown interest in literature as a girl, especially in Daoist teachings, and to have later retired to Heng shan 衡山 to cultivate the Dao. After her death she was canonized by the Daoists as Zixu Yuanjun Nan yue furen 紫虛元君南嶽夫人, “The Original Sovereign of the Purple Vacuity and Lady of Nan yue.” The → ZLBC cites two recipes from a Zi ling yuan jun Nan yue furen nei chuan 紫靈元君南嶽夫人内傳, “Esoteric Transmission by the Lady of Nan yue, the Original Sovereign of the Purple Numinosity,” this title not standing for any biography (zhuan 傳) but for recipes transmitted (chuan 傳) by her. Other Tang 唐 and pre-Tang sources also quote her recipes, which were erroneously attributed to a → Nan yue Wei furen zhuan 南岳魏夫人傳. LSZ refers to her as Wei furen [2] and as Wei yuan jun 魏元君 [1]. Wei guo gong 魏國公 → Su Song 蘇頌 Wei hang ji tan 葦航紀談, “recorded Conversations from Wei hang” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記), erroneously written Wei hang xi tan 韋航細談, “Detailed Discussions from Wei hang,” [2] by LSZ. EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Attributed there to Jiang Jin 蔣津, the Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall,” attributes the text to Zhao Gui 趙葵. DC 1st half of the 13th century. 5 juan. The book records ancedotes from the entire Song period and gets its material from the Ping zhou ke tan 萍州 可談, “Topics for Conversation from Ping zhou,” and other sources. The Shuo fu preserves much of its content. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Wei han xi tan but does not indicate an author. His citation in the main text is changed somewhat compared to the equivalent in the Shuo fu. Wei hang xi tan 韋航細談 → Wei hang ji tan 葦航紀談 Wei Jidao 魏幾道 [1] Southern Song 宋 literatus, fl. 2nd half of the 12th century. → Hong Mai 洪邁, in his → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, reports that Wei was once poisoned by eating huang sang yu 黃顙魚 and drinking jing jie 荊芥 tea afterwards. LSZ cites this second hand in SE jia su 假蘇. Wei Ju 韋居 [1] Person of uncertain identity. LSZ mentions this person as a source for alternative names for feng xian 鳳仙 and mo li 茉莉, but his source for this information is unknown. Wei ling xian zhuan 威靈仙傳, “Notes on Clematis root” [2] Specialized text on clematis root (wei ling xian 威靈仙). EE → TJBC. Written by → Zhou Junchao 周君巢. The text contains information on the herb’s indications, properties, dosage, etc. DC zhen yuan 貞元 reign period (785-805). The original text is lost, but the TJBC quotes fragments. LSZ cites the text second hand in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

501 Wei lüe 魏略, “Brief account of Wei” [7] Lost historical record of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by Yu Huan 魚豢. DC Three Kingdoms period. 50 juan (AV 38 juan). The grouping of biographies is different to those found in other historical works, there are categories such as “the virtuous and upright” (qing jie 清介), “Confucian masters” (ru zong 儒宗), or “the brave and fearless” (yong xia 勇俠). Although the book is lost, some of its content is found in notes to the → San guo zhi 三國志 and other books. It is also cited in the → Ben cao shi yi 本 草拾遺. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without mentioning the name of the author. In the main text of the BCGM he cites the book second hand from the Ben cao shi yi but also includes other lost passages. Wei Mingzhou 魏明州 → Wei Di 魏邸 Wei sheng 衛生 → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方 Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒, “Precious Mirror to Protect Life” Yuan 元 dynasty comprehensive medical text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍 志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories” Written by → Luo Tianyi 羅天益. DC 1281. 24 juan, plus a 1 juan supplement. The book is divided into four parts, the Yao wu yong jian 藥誤永鑒, “Eternal Mirror of Medical Errors,” a Ming fang lei ju 名方類聚, “Categorized Collection of Famous Recipes,” a Yao lei fa xiang 藥類法象, “Classification of Pharmaceutical Drugs Reflected in the Laws [of Systematic Correspondences],” and a Yi yan ji shu 醫驗紀述, “Reports of Medical Experiences.” The book presents the views of → Li Gao 李杲 but also collects material from many other authors, to which the author added his own practical experiences. LSZ cites the work as Wei sheng bao jian [36] and as Bao jian 寶鑒, “Precious Mirror,” [5]. Wei sheng fang 衛生方 → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方 Wei sheng ge 衛生歌, “Song on Protecting Life” [2] Southern Song 宋 song on life cultivation. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Zhen Dexiu 真德秀 (→ Zhen Xishan 真西山). Further details unavailable. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Wei sheng jia bao 衛生家寶 → Wei sheng jia bao fang 衛生家寶方 Wei sheng jia bao fang 衛生家寶方, “recipes for Protecting Life, Treasured by the Family” Song 宋 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Zhu Duanzhang 朱端章, expanded by Xu Anguo 徐安國. DC (expanded edition) 1184. 3 juan (AV 6 juan). Recipes in the collection are either recipes collected from other works or recipes that the author considered effective from his own experiences. The book is still extant but rare, and LSZ gets his material from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. He cites the book as Wei sheng jia bao fang [25], as Wei sheng jia bao 衛生 家寶, “Family Jewels for Protecting Life,” [1], and as Jia bao fang 家寶方, “Recipes Treasured by the Family,” [2].

502 Wei sheng yi jian 衛生易簡 → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方 Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方, “Easy and Simple recipes for Protecting Life” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Hu Ying 胡 濙. DC 1423. 12 juan (AV 4 juan). The collection includes nearly 4000 Ming and pre-Ming single ingredient or simple recipes considered proven by the author, all categorized by disease. Much material from now lost books was included. LSZ refers to the book as Wei sheng yi jian fang [110], as Wei sheng yi jian 衛生易簡, “Easy and Simple [Recipes] for Protecting Life,” [10] or Yi jian 易簡, “Easy and Simple,” [2], as Wei sheng fang 衛生方, “Recipes for Protecting Life,” [7], as Yi jian fang 易簡方, “Easy and Simple Recipes,” [1], and as Wei sheng 衛生, “Protecting Life,” [1]. He occasionally uses the name Hu Ying [3] alone to mark his citations and frequently labels the book titles with the author’s name. In addition, there are also many names of pharmaceutical substances, e.g., zui yu cao 醉 魚草, shuang tou lian 雙頭蓮, or tian xian lian 天仙蓮, that go back to the Lü chan yan ben cao 履巉岩本草, “Materia Medica Found Walking on Steep Mountainsides,” of Wang Jie 王介 but were cited second hand from the Wei sheng yi jian fang by LSZ. Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興, “Impromptu Poems on Protecting Life” Lost Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Deng Cai 鄧才 (style name Bifeng 筆峰). DC and size uncertain. The book was apparently lost early and is not found in Ming and Qing 清 bibliographies. LSZ cites the book as Wei sheng za xing [2], as Za xing fang 雜興方, “Recipes from Impromptu Poems,” [18], Za xing 雜興, “Impromptu Poems,” [14], as Deng Bifeng fang 鄧筆峰方, “Recipes of Deng Bifeng,” [2], or as Bifeng fang 筆峰方, “Recipes of [Deng] Bifeng,” [1]. There is also one reference to a Deng Cai qing xing 鄧才清興, “The Pleasures of Deng Cai,” in which qing xing 清興 is an error for za xing 雜興. Wei sheng zong wei 衛生總微 → Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論 Wei sheng zong wei fang 衛生總微方 → Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論 Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論, “Complete and detailed discourse on Protecting Life” Abbreviation for the Xiao er wei sheng zong wei lun fang 小兒衛生總微論方, “Recipes and a Complete and Detailed Discourse on Protecting the Lives of Children,” an anonymous Southern Song 宋 pediatric text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi bu 宋史藝文志補, “Supplement to the Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Bao you da quan 保幼大全, “Great Compendium on the Protection of Children.” 20 juan. The book is a detailed discussion of 100 topics of infant development from birth to adulthood. After every discourse there are recipes attached. LSZ cites the book under various abbreviations and alternative names, as Wei sheng zong wei lun [3], as Wei sheng zong wei fang 衛生總微 方, “Complete and Detailed Recipes to Protect Life,” [1], as Zong wei lun 總微 論, “Complete and Detailed Discourse,” [18], as Wei sheng zong wei 衛生總微,

503 “Complete and Detailed [Discourse on] Protecting Life,” [1], as Zong wei 總微, “Complete and Detailed,” [1], as Bao you da quan [26], and as Bao you da quan fang 保幼大全方. “Recipes from the Great Compendium on the Protection of Children,” [2]. Wei shi 危氏 → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方, → Wei Yilin 危亦林 Wei shi 魏詩 → Shi jing 詩經 Wei shi de xiao 危氏得效 → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方 Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方, “Mr. Wei’s recipes to Obtain [Good] results” Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” AN there Shi yi de xiao fang 世 醫得效方, “Recipes of Generations of Physicians to Obtain [Good] Results.” Written by → Wei Yilin 危亦林. DC 1337. 19 juan. The book collected family recipes from five generations as well as recipes from other sources and classified its material into the 13 medical disciplines accepted at the time. LSZ cited the book as Wei shi de xiao fang [54], as Wei shi de xiao 危氏得效, “Mr. Wei Obtains [Good] Results,” [2], as De xiao fang 得效方, “Recipes to Obtain [Good] Results,” [5], as Wei shi fang 危氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Wei,” [14], and just referring to the author’s name as Wei shi 危氏, “Mr. Wei,” [10]. LSZ also refers to a Tang shi de xiao fang 唐氏得效方, “ Mr. Tang’s Recipes to Obtain [Good] Results,” [1] and a Ruan shi fang 阮氏方, “Recipe of Mr. Ruan,” [1], but both are errors for Wei shi de xiao fang, as is one reference to a → Ruan shi 阮氏  alone. Wei shi fang 危氏方 → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方 Wei shu 緯書, “apocryphal Books” Category of books on divination and apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯). The term wei shu was intended as a counterpart to the classics (jing shu 經書). These books contained material on religion and traditional mythology, astronomical, calendrical, and geographical knowledge, as well as heterodox interpretations of Confucian classics. There are seven sets of wei shu (the qi wei 七緯) corresponding to the then seven Confucian classics. Such texts started circulating in late Western Han 漢 times and gradually became more and more popular throughout the Eastern Han. They were finally prohibited by → Sui Yang di 隋煬帝 and therefore not transmitted further, but fragments were preserved in various historical works and encyclopedias. LSZ cites second hand from these encyclopedias, referring to the wei shu [2] as a general term and to specific wei shu (often those covering the → Chun qiu 春秋 ) such as the → Chun qiu ti ci 春秋題辭, the → Chun qiu yuan ming bao 春秋元命包, the → Chun qiu kao yi you 春秋考異郵, the → Chun qiu yun dou shu 春秋運斗樞, and the → Chun qiu qian tan ba 春秋 潛潭巴. Much of what he quotes is taken from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Wei shu 魏書, “History of the Wei” History of the Wei 魏 dynasty, written during the Northern Qi 齊 in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). Written by Wei Shou 魏收. DC 551-554. 130 juan. The book includes the history of the Northern and Eastern Wei dynasties but not that of Western Wei. Already lost by Northern Song 宋 times, it was

504 subsequently restored from material in the → Bei shi 北史. LSZ cites the book as Wei shu [2], and three fragments cited as from a → Hou Wei shu 後魏書 are actually taken from the Wei shu. LSZ apparently mixed up the two books and regarded them as one. Wei Shu 韋述 (died 757) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. A man of Wan nian 萬年 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Jin shi during the jing long 景龍 reign period (707710). Wei held various court posts and has a biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐 書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). He had a literary reputation and wrote more than 200 juan of books including the Tang zhi yi 唐職儀, “Tang Legal System and Official Posts,” the Gao zong shi lu 高宗實錄, “Veritable Records of Gao zong,” and the Liang jing xin ji 兩京新記, “New Records of the Two Capitals.” (→ Liang jing ji 兩京記). Wei Shuqing 衛叔卿 [1] Legendary immortal of early Western Han 漢 times. A man of Zhong shan 中 山. According to the → TJBC, he ingested mica. LSZ cites this in SE yun mu 雲母. Wei si ye 韋司業, “Wei, the director of Studies” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. He once suffered from “water qi swelling” (shui qi zhong 水氣腫) and was cured by → Shan Lian 山連. Wei Tuo 尉佗 → Zhao Tuo 趙佗 Wei wang hua mu zhi 魏王花木志, “Monograph on Flowers and Trees by the Prince of Wei” [3] Northern Wei 魏 dynasty book. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太 平御覽. AN Wei wang hua mu ji 魏王花木記, “Record of Flowers and Trees by the Prince of Wei.” Written by Yuan Xin 元欣, a Northern Wei prince and high official during the Northern and Western Wei dynasties. DC 6th century. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民 要術, the Tai ping yu lan, and other works. One fragment is also quoted in the → ZLBC, and this is taken over by LSZ, who also uses material from the Tai ping yu lan. Wei Wen di 魏文帝 (187-226) [7] This is Cao Pi 曹丕, founder of the Three Kingdoms state of Wei 魏, r. 220-226. Style name Zihuan 子桓, a man of Qiao xian 譙縣 in Pei guo 沛國, now Bo zhou 亳州 in An hui 安徽. Son of Cao Cao 曹操 (→ Wei Wu di 魏武帝). He is said to have loved literature and wrote some important theoretical texts. He is associated with a lost → Wei Wen di ji 魏文帝集, which was later reconstructed. LSZ cites events and speeches associated with Wei Wen di and lists the Wei wen di ji in his bibliographical sections. Wei Wen di ji 魏文帝集, “Collection of Emperor Wen of Wei” Literary collection of Three Kingdoms Wei 魏. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍 志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Cao Pi 曹丕, (→ Wei Wen di 魏文帝). 10 juan (AV 23 juan). The original text is lost, but frag-

505 ments are found in the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇 記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. There is a Ming 明 edition that was restored from these fragments. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Wei Wen di ji [1] but does not cite it directly in the main text. Material referenced to Wei Wen di, however, probably goes back to this collection and is cited second hand from other sources. Wei Wu di 魏武帝 (155-220) [6] This is Cao Cao 曹操, a late Han 漢 statesman and military commander, posthumously regarded as the first emperor of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Mengde 孟德, a man of Qiao xian 譙縣, now Bo zhou 亳州 in An hui 安徽. Father of Cao Pi 曹丕 (→ Wei Wen di 魏文帝) and → Cao Zhi 曹植. LSZ attributes the → Wei Wu di shi zhi 魏武帝食制 and the → Wei Wu di ji 魏武帝集 to him. He also cites events related to Wei Wu di second hand from the → Bo wu zhi 博物志 , the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, and other texts. Wei Wu di fu 魏武帝賦 → Wei Wu di ji 魏武帝集 Wei Wu di ji 魏武帝集, “Collection of Emperor Wu of Wei” Collection of writings by Cao Cao 曹操 (→ Wei Wu di 魏武帝). The original book is lost, but there is a Ming 明 edition restored from fragments. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Wei Wu di ji [1] but does not cite it in the main text. He does, however cite a Wei Wu di fu 魏武帝賦, “Rhapsody by Emperor Wu of Wei,” [1], which might have been taken from the Wei Wu di ji. Wei Wu di shi zhi 魏武帝食制, “Food Preparations of Emperor Wu of Wei” Dietary text attributed to Cao Cao 曹操 (→ Wei Wu di 魏武帝) of the Three Kingdoms period. FE bibliographical treatise of the Yu hai 玉海, “Jade Ocean.” AN originally Wei Wu si shi shi zhi 魏武四時食制, “Food Preparations of Emperor Wu of Wei, According to the Four Seasons.” DC and size uncertain. LSZ lists the text as Wei Wu di shi zhi [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Wei Wu shi zhi 魏武食制, “Food Preparations of Wei Wu,” [5] in the main text. Wei Wu shi zhi 魏武食制 → Wei Wu di shi zhi 魏武帝食制 Wei Xiang wang 魏襄王, “King Xiang of Wei” (died 296 BCE) [1] This is Ji Si 姬嗣 (AV Ji He 姬赫), king of the Warring States period state of Wei 魏, r. 318-296 BCE. LSZ reports of a woman who transformed into a man in the 13th year of his rule (306 BCE) in SE ren gui 人傀. Wei xiu cai 魏秀才, “Cultivated Talent Wei” [1] Person who passed the provincial imperial exams during the Ming 明 dynasty and obtained the degree of xiu cai 秀才, “Cultivated Talent.” Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方, his wife was cured from a bloated abdomen by consuming a quail. LSZ cites this in SE chun 鶉. Wei yanshen 魏彥深 [1] Northern Qi 齊/Sui 隋 dynasty literatus, fl. 2nd half of 6th century. Served as Editorial Director (zhu zuo lang 著作郎). His works are preserved in the Wei

506 Yanshen ji 魏彥深集, “Collection of Wei Yanshen.” LSZ cites his → Ying fu 鷹 賦. Wei yilin 危亦林 (1277-1347) Yuan 元 dynasty medical official. Style name Dazhai 達齋, a man of Nan feng 南 豐, now a part of Jiang xi 江西. Wei held a medical post in his home area and is said to have been a doctor in the fifth generation. He thus drew upon his family’s recipes as well as on those transmitted in medical works to produce the Shi yi de xiao fang 世醫得效方, “Recipes of Generations of Physicians to Obtain [Good] Results,” (→ Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方). LSZ refers to Wei as Wei Yilin [5], as Wei shi 危氏, “Mr. Wei,” [80], and, in Tang shi de xiao fang 唐氏得效方, “Mr. Tang’s Recipes to Obtain [Good] Results,” erroneously as Tang shi 唐氏, “Mr. Tang”, [1]. Wei yuan jun 魏元君 → Wei furen 魏夫人 Wei yun 韋雲 [1] Early Tang 唐 person. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方, he suffered from pain in his heart for ten years without being cured. Eventually he ingested the lice gathered from a crane and was cured. This story is recorded in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要方 and the → TJBC. LSZ cites the story second hand in SE tian ming jing 天名精 but erroneously assigns the Gu jin lu yan fang to the Song 宋 author → Chu Yushi 初虞世. Wei Zhaizi 未齋子 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. A man of Nan ling 南陵. Personal name unknown. LSZ quotes the → Han shi yi tong 韓氏醫通, stating that Wei was relieved from an illness by taking the “decoction with three seeds to nourish one’s parents” (san zi yang qin tang 三子養親湯). The Han shi yi tong edition extant today only provides the name of the recipe and its application; the remaining story is missing. LSZ mentions Wei in SE bai jie 白芥. Wei Zheng 魏徵 (580-643) [2] Early Tang 唐 political figure. Style name Xuancheng 玄成. His family was originally from Ju lu 鉅鹿, now part of He bei 河北, but later moved to Nei huang 內黃 in Xiang zhou 相州, now part of He nan 河南. Wei Zheng was part of the insurgent forces against the late Sui 隋 dynasty and followed the rebel leader Li Mi 李密 in his submission to the Tang. Under the Tang emperor Tai zu 太祖, he was awarded an offical post and was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Zheng (Zheng guo gong 鄭國公). He is among those political figures quoted in the Zhen guan zheng yao 貞觀政要, “Government Essentials of the Zhen guan Reign Period.” He chaired the compilation of the → Sui shu 隋書 as well as writing introductions to the → Liang shu 梁書, the Chen shu 陳書, “History of the Chen,” and the Bei Qi shu 北齊書, “History of Northern Qi.” LSZ attributes the Sui shu to Wei and cites an event associated with him from the → Du yi zhi 獨異志.

507 Wei Zhi 魏直 [3] Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. early 16th century. Style name Tingbao 廷豹, literary name Guiyan 桂岩, “Cinnamon Rock.” A man of Xiao shan 蕭山 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. He was well known for his medical skills, especially for his treatment of “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹), and composed the → Bo ai xin jian 博愛心鑒 in 1525. Wei zhi 魏志 → San guo zhi 三國志 Wei Zhou 韋宙 (died 866) [18] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. A man of Wan nian 萬年 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Wei served in various high central government offices and was the author of the → Du xing fang 獨行方. Wei Zhuang 韋莊 (c. 836-910) [1] Five Dynasties poet of Former Shu 蜀. Style name Duanji 端己, a man of Du ling 杜陵 in Chang an 長安, in the southeast of present-day Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. He served as Rectifier of Omissions of the Left (zuo bu que 左補闕) and was the author of the You xuan ji 又玄集, “Collection of Mysteries upon Mysteries.” In his preface he states that when eating horse one should leave out the liver because it is polluted. LSZ takes over the fragment “when eating horse leave out the liver” (shi ma liu gan 食馬留肝) in SE ma 馬. Wei Zicai 魏子才 [6] This is the style name of Wei Xiao 魏校, a Ming 明 dynasty lexicographer and high official. A man of Kun shan 崑山 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇, jin shi 1505. Wei held high posts in the Nan jing 南京 administration and was known for his knowledge of Confucianism and the six categories of characters (liu shu 六書). He was the author of the Da xue zhi gui 大學指歸, “The Intention of the Great Learning,” and the → Liu shu jing yun 六書精蘊. Wen Cheng 文成 [1] Western Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士). Personal name Shaoweng 少 翁, a man of Qi 齊. When he presented divine recipes to Emperor → Han Wu di 漢武帝, he was awarded the title Wen cheng jiang jun 文成將軍, “General of Wen cheng,” and was therefore called Wen Cheng. Later the emperor found out that Wen’s words were false and he had him killed, pretending that Wen had died from consuming horse liver. This is reported in the → Shi ji 史記 and taken over by LSZ in SE ma 馬. Wen daoren 聞道人, “Heard from a daoist” [1] General reference to Daoist alchemists. The → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, citing → Ji Kang 嵇康, states: “I heard the final words of a Daoist, saying that ingesting atractylodes and solomon’s seal promotes longevity.” This text originates from the → Jin shu 晉書, which writes daoshi 道士, “Daoist Master,” instead of daoren 道 人, “Daoist” and adds: “I am inclined to believe this.” That an ingestion of atractylodes (zhu 术) and solomon’s seal (huang jing 黃精) takes material weight off the human body and extends one’s lifespan was recorded as early as the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經. Hence the “Daoist” LSZ is referring to in SE zhu

508 术 is not to be identified as a specific person but refers to Daoists nurturing life in general. Wen di 文帝 → Sui Wen di 隋文帝 Wen Jiao 溫嶠 (288-329) [2] Eastern Jin 晉 high official. Style name Taizhen 太真, a man of Qi xian 祁縣 in Tai yuan 太原. He has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書. LSZ takes over a story from the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚 about Wen burning rhino horn (xi jiao 犀 角) to illuminate the waters beneath an islet. Wen Jushi fang 溫居士方 → Wen Yinju hai shang fang 溫隱居海上方 Wen Lugong 文潞公 (1006-1097) This is the nickname of Wen Yanbo 文彥博, a Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Kuanfu 寬夫, a man of Jie xi 介休 in Fen zhou 汾州, now part of Shan xi 山西. Jin shi during the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 10221064). After having assisted in some important government decisions, he was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Lu (Lu guo gong 潞國公), thus his nickname Lugong 潞公, “Duke of Lu.” Wen was in high office for more than 50 years and was the author of two medical books, the → Yao zhun 藥准 and the Jie yao ben cao tu 節要本草圖, “Short and Essential Materia Medica Illustrations.” Wen rengui 聞人規 [7] Southern Song 宋 physician, fl. 13th century. A man of Zui li 槜李, now Jia xing 嘉興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Author of the → Dou zhen ba shi yi lun 痘疹八十一論. Wen shi 文氏, “Mr. Wen” [1] Late Eastern Han 漢 person. A man of Nan yang 南陽 in present-day He nan 河南. Personal name unknown. According to the inner chapters of the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , he fled into the mountains to escape a social turmoil. There he consumed atractylodes to satisfy his hunger. When after decades he returned home, his complexion looked younger than before. LSZ mentions him in SE zhu 术. Wen Tianxiang 文天祥 (1236-1283) [1] Southern Song 宋 general, high official and poet. Style name Fushan 履善, literary name Wenshan 文山, “Literary Mountain.” A man of Lu ling 廬陵 in Ji zhou 吉州, now Ji an 吉安 in Jiang xi 江西. When the Southern Song dynasty perished in 1276, he continued to fight against the Mongols until he was captured in 1279. Eventually he was taken north and killed in Da du 大都 (present-day Bei jing 北京). LSZ reports the story of his unsuccessful attempt to commit suicide by using bing pian 冰片 in SE long nao xiang 龍腦香. Wen wang 文王 [2] This is Ji Chang 姬昌, or Zhou Wen wang 周文王, leader of the Zhou 周 state between BCE 1096-1045. LSZ, in citing → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, makes him and → Kong zi 孔子 the originators of the → Tuan xiang yao ci 彖象繇辭 aspects of the → Zhou yi 周易.

509 Wen wei 溫尉, “Commandant Wen” [1] Southern Song 宋 official, fl. during the shao ding 紹定 reign period (1228-1233). The Shou qin yang lao xin shu 壽親養老新書, “New Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly,” (→ Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老 書) cites a recipe to strengthen the teeth and blacken the beard from a Zi hu Wen Wei xu 紫壺溫尉序, “Preface by Commandant Wen of Zi hu.” This preface informs of the circumstances of the acquisition of that recipe by → Na He 納合. LSZ mentions Wen in SE li chang 鱧腸. Wen xi 文系 → Shi xi 史系 Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考, “Comprehensive Study of Literary and documentary Sources” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty historical work. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Ma Duanlin 馬端臨. DC 1307. 348 juan. The author gives an explanation of the title in his preface, stating that the literary sources (wen 文) he used were historical works and classics, and the documentary sources (xian 獻) consisted of memorials to the emperor and discussions among scholars and officials, dating from Tang 唐 and later. The book’s coverage, in fact, extends from ancient times down to the reign of → Song Ning zong 宋寧宗 (1194-1224) and shows the evolution of decrees, regulations and government institutions. It follows the pattern of the → Tong dian 通典 but is far more detailed. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in his main text. Wen xuan 文選, “Selections of Literature” Important Liang 梁 dynasty anthology. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Compiled by Xiao Tong 蕭統. AN Zhaoming wen xuan 昭明文選, “Selections of Literature by [Crown Prince] Zhaoming.” 30 juan. The collection is China’s earliest of its kind and preserves much pre-Qin 秦 to Liang literature, mainly poetry but also some other miscellaneous writings. It contains no classics, philosophical works, or histories. During Tang 唐 times → Li Shan 李善  produced an annotated version in 60 juan. The → ZLBC frequently quotes Li’s edition, as does LSZ in his bibliographical sections, but the material quoted in the BCGM’s main text is always from the original book. LSZ cites the work as Wen xuan [7] and also refers to the Wu du fu zhu 吳都賦注, “Annotated Rhapsody on the Capital of Wu,” [1] from the Wen xuan, to the Wen xuan zhu 文選注, “Annotations to the Wen xuan,” [1], and to the Zhu wen xuan 注文選, “Annotated Wen xuan,” [2]. Many lost texts cited in the BCGM are also found in the Wen xuan, e.g., the → Rui ming li 瑞明禮 fragment cited second hand from the ZLBC actually goes back to Xiao Tong’s collection. The author Xiao Tong (501-531), style name Deshi 德施, was a Southern Liang literatus and the eldest son of → Liang Wu di 梁武帝. He was given the posthumous name Zhaoming 昭明, thus the title Zhaoming wen xuan. Wen xuan zhu 文選注 → Wen xuan 文選

510 Wen yinju 溫隱居 [5] This is the nickname of Wen Daming 溫大明, a Southern Song 宋 physician. In his later years Wen lived in seclusion, thus his nickname Wen Yinju 溫隱居, “Wen the Hermit,” or Wen Jushi 溫居士, “Wen the Recluse.” Originally from He nan 河南, he later moved to Si ming 四明, now Ning bo 寧波 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He came from a family of hereditary physicians and during the jia ding 嘉 定 reign period (1208-1224) held a military post and one at the imperial apothecary. In 1216 he compiled his family’s recipes, recipes collected during his own 40 years of clinical experience, recipes from older literature, as well as various recipes that he had obtained from foreign visitors, to produce the Wen Yinju zhu dao fang fu yao xu zhi 溫隱居助道方服藥須知, “What Must Be Known when Taking Wen the Hermit’s Recipes to Assist the Dao,” cited by LSZ as → Wen Yinju hai shang fang 溫隱居海上方. Wen Yinju fang 溫隱居方 → Wen Yinju hai shang fang 溫隱居海上方 Wen Yinju hai shang fang 溫隱居海上方, “Wen the Hermit’s recipes from abroad” Song 宋 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Bai jia ming shu 百家名書, “Famous Books of the Hundred Traditions.” AN originally Wen Yinju zhu dao fang fu yao xu zhi 溫隱居助道方服藥須知, “What Must Be Known when Taking Wen the Hermit’s Recipes to Assist the Dao,” Ming 明 editions Wen Yinju hai shang xian fang 溫隱居海上仙方, “Wen the Hermit’s Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad,” Hai shang xian fang qian ji 海上仙方前集, “Earlier Collection of Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad.” Written by Wen Daming 溫大明 (→ Wen Yinju 溫隱 居). DC 1216. 1 juan. The book condenses pharmaceutical recipes into 77 rhymed formulas, providing explanations to each formula. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, the text was sometimes bound with the Sun zhenren hai shang xian fang 孫真人海上仙方, “Sun the Perfected One’s Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad,” also called Hai shang fang hou ji 海上仙方後集, “Later Collection of Immortals’ Recipes from Abroad.” LSZ cites the book as Wen Yinju hai shang fang [3] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He also refers to it using the author’s nickname Wen Yinju [1] or by the abbreviations Wen Yinju fang 溫隱居 方, “Recipes of Wen the Hermit,” [1] and Wen Jushi fang 溫居士方, “Recipes of Wen the Recluse,” [1]. Occasionally, the text might be referred to as → Hai shang fang 海上方, but this title also applies to a variety of other texts, so the reference is not clear. Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, “Flowers and Blossoms in the Literary Garden” Song 宋 dynasty anthology. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song .” Compiled by → Li Fang 李昉, Hu Meng 扈蒙, → Xu Xuan 徐鉉, Song Bai 宋白, → Su Yijian 蘇易簡, and others. DC 982-986. 1000 juan. The collection is a continuation of the → Wen xuan 文選 and comprises literature from late Liang 梁 down to Tang 唐 times, thereby preserving a good deal of rare Tang and pre-Tang poetry and prose. LSZ lists the collection as Wen yuan ying hua [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in his main text. Some of the material there, however, such as fragments

511 from the → Dongfang Qiu fu 東方虯賦 or the → Guang yi ji 廣異記, was probably cited second hand from the collection. Wen zi ji lüe 文字集略, “Collected Summary of Literary Characters” [1] Liang 梁 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Ruan Xiaoxu 阮孝 緒 (479-536). 6 juan (AV 3 juan, 1 juan). The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the Song 宋 dynasty → Guang yun 廣韻 and other books. LSZ does not list the text in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in the main text. Wen zi zhi gui 文字指歸, “The Intentions of Written Language” [3] Lost Sui 隋 dynasty book of words and phrases. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐 書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Cao Xian 曹憲. 4 juan. Cao held office as Scholar of the Secret Secretariat (mi shu xue shi 秘書學士) and, deeply interested in language as he was, authored many texts on this topic. His book still survived in Ming 明 times. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text but does not refer to the author in connection with it. The material he uses is not found in other books. Wen’an gong 文安公 → Hong Wen’an 洪文安 Wenbo 文伯 → Xu Wenbo 徐文伯 Wencheng huang hou 溫成皇后, “Empress Wencheng” (died 1054) [1] Favored concubine of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗, posthumously bestowed with the title Huang hou 皇后, “Empress.” LSZ reports her fondness for eating kumquats in SE jin ju 金橘. Weng tian yu 瓮天語, “Words of One Who Knows Little of the World” [2] This is LSZ’s designation for the Xue zhou cuo yu 雪舟脞語, “Trivial Conversations from the Snow Boat,” a late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小説). FE Tian lu lin lang shu mu 天祿琳琅書目, “Catalogue of Precious Books in the Possession of the Empire.“ AN Xue zhou cuo tan 雪舟脞談, “Trivial Conversations from the Snow Boat,” Weng tian cuo yu 瓮天脞語, “Trivial Conversations of One Who Knows Little of the World.” LSZ abbreviates the latter title leaving out the cuo 脞. Written by → Shao Guizi 邵桂子. 20 juan, of which 1 juan survives. In the title, cuo means “trivialities,” while Xue zhou 雪舟 was the name of the author’s pavilion on the lakeside. The book assembles poetry, prose and literary allusions. Most of the book is lost, but the → Shuo fu 説郛 preserves some of its contents. The Wan wei shan tang 宛委 山堂 edition of this collection attributes the Xue zhou cuo yu to Wang Zhonghui 王仲暉, while the Shang wu yin shu guan 商務印書館 edition refers it to Shao Guizi, which is probably correct. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but the material quoted is not found in that form in the Shuo fu but seems to have been taken from the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) instead. Wenming 文明 → Xu Zhicai 徐之才 Wu 吳 → Wu Pu 吳普

512 Wu anpin 伍安貧 Liang 梁 dynasty person. A man of Han shou 漢壽 (AV Wu ling 武陵), author of the → Wu ling ji 武陵記. LSZ, following the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎, refers to him as Wang Anpin 王安貧 [2]. The Yu di ji sheng 輿地紀勝, “Records of Beautiful Places in the World,” of Wang Xiangzhi 王象之, however, calls the author of the Wu ling ji Wu Anpin, and this is generally taken over by later sources. Wu anzhi 吳安之 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty official, served as Station Clerk (tai yuan 臺掾). Further details are unavailable. According to the → De sheng fang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方, he obtained a powder made from cloves to strengthen the stomach at the inner censorate (nei tai 内臺) and passed it on to → Gai Yunfu 蓋耘夫. LSZ cites this in SE ding xiang 丁香. Wu ben xin shu 務本新書, “a New Book for Emphasis on the root” [2] Apparently lost agricultural text. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author is indicated by LSZ, and the book is not found in the standard bibliographies. The title is cited by → Wang Zhen 王禎 in his → Nong shu 農書 and in the Nong sang ji yao 農桑輯要, “Collected Essentials of Farming and Sericulture,” compiled by the Yuan 元 dynasty ministry of revenue (si nong si 司農司), so the text might be dated to the early Yuan. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. He does not use the Nong sang ji yao as a source, thus his citations of the Wu ben xin shu were probably taken from the Nong shu. Wu Caolu 吳草廬 → Wu Cheng 吳澄 Wu Ce 吳策 → Wu Lai 吳萊 Wu Cheng 吳澄 (1249-1333) Late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 dynasty scholar. Style name Youqing 幼清, a man of Chong ren 崇仁 in Fu zhou 撫州, now part of Jiang xi 江西. He used the term “grass hut” (cao lu 草廬) after a grass hut he lived in in the title of a poem and thus became known as Caolu xiansheng 草廬先生, “Grass Hut Gentleman,” or Wu Caolu 吳草廬, “Wu Grass Hut.” He held various official posts during the Yuan, including at the Han lin 翰林 Academy. Wu held high the Neo-Confucianist ideas of Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子) on the one side and of Lu Jiuyuan 陸九淵 on the other. He was a prolific author whose writings were later collected in the Wu Wenzheng ji 吳文正集, “Collection of Wu Wenzheng,” (titled after his posthumous name Wenzheng 文正, “Literary and Correct”) or Wu Caolu ji 吳草 廬集, “Collection of Wu Caolu.” (→ Cao lu ji 草廬集). LSZ refers to Wu as Wu Cheng [2] and as Wu Caolu [1]. Wu Cheng 務成 → Wu Chengzi 務成子 Wu cheng xiang 武丞相, “Grand Councilor Wu” (758-815) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poet and official Wu Yuanheng 武元衡. Style name Bocang 伯蒼. A man from Gou shi 緱氏, today's Yan shi 偃師, in He nan 河南. The Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書 has his biography. While he was situated in Shu 蜀, he suffered from a sore on his shin and was cured by applying a mixture of ground horse teeth and dung. This is recorded in the → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方. The

513 recipe was quoted in the → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草, and LSZ takes it over in SE ma 馬. Wu Chengzi 務成子 Holy man of ancient times, the legendary teacher of Emperor → Yao 堯. Numerous books were published under his name in later times. According to the Shen xian gan yu zhuan 神仙感遇傳, “Stories of Encounters with Divine Immortals,” (→ Shen xian gan ying pian 神仙感應篇), a recipe for pills with fireflies associated with his name was obtained by a Daoist named → Yin gong 尹 公 who passed it on to the general → Liu Zinan 劉子南. These pills were said to keep away disease and evil qi as well as soldiers of the enemy. The story of the recipe is recorded in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 and various other books. LSZ cites this material, referring to Wu as Wu Chengzi [1] and Wu Cheng [1] and mentioning the Shen xian gan ying pian as his source. Wu dai shi 五代史, “History of the Five dynasties” [2] Lost Northern Song 宋 historical work. Two books of that name are transmitted, the Jiu wu dai shi 舊五代史, “Old History of the Five Dynasties,” (DC 972973) by Xue Juzheng 薛居正 and others, and the Xin wu dai shi 新五代史, “New History of Five Dynasties,” (DC 1057) by → Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修. LSZ cites a Wu dai shi without indicating which one he is referring to. The material cited, however, is taken from the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 as reproduced in the → ZLBC. The Jia you ben cao was completed in 1060, well before the Xin wu dai shi was printed, thus its Wu dai shi reference must be to the Jiu wu dai shi. This text was originally called Liang Tang Jin Han Zhou shu 梁唐晉漢周書, “History of Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, and Zhou,” since it was divided into five books, each focusing on one of the Five Dynasties. The book gradually fell into oblivion from Jin 金 times on, so there is now no way to compare the material quoted with the original. Wu daozi 吳道子 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty painter. A man of Yang zhai 陽翟, now Yu zhou 禹州 in He nan 河南. During the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756) he was a painter at the imperial court, renowned for his paintings of Buddhist personalities. According to rumor, he was ordered by the emperor to paint an image of → Zhong Kui 鐘馗, the legendary expeller of demons. Wu dongshu 武東叔 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. In SE lie jie 烈節, LSZ cites the Jia cang jing yan fang 家藏經驗方, “Proven Recipes Preserved in the Family,” (→ Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方) of → Yang Tan 楊倓 with a story of how Yang’s younger cousin Wu Dongshu once suffered from a disease. → Ma Dongzhi 馬東之 of Fu cheng 涪城 successfully treated him. However, this story is not contained in the extant version of the Jia cang jing yan fang. Wu du fu 吳都賦 → San du fu 三都賦 Wu du fu zhu 吳都賦注 → Wen xuan 文選

514 Wu fu jing 五符經, “Classic of the Five Talismans” [5] Abbreviated title of a Daoist book. AN Ling bao wu fu jing 靈寶五符經. “Classic of the Five Talismans of the Numinous Treasure.” The title appears in the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , and legend has it that the text existed as early as the time of Yu the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹), reputed founder of the Xia 夏 dynasty. It was transmitted through the Warring States period, the two Han dynasties, until Wei 魏 and Jin 晉 times. 3 juan. The present edition is contained in the Dong xuan 洞 玄, “Cavern of Mystery,” section of the Zheng tong Dao zang 正統道藏, “Daoist Canon of the Zheng tong Period,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經), with the complete title Tai shang ling bao wu fu xu 太上靈寶五符序, “Preface to the Classic of the Five Talismans of the Highest Numinous Treasure.” It records methods to nurture life by ingesting pharmaceutical preparations. Wu Gang 吳剛 [1] Mythological person, the immortal in the moon palace. According to the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎, he overindulged in his quest for immortality and was relegated to felling “moon cassia trees” (yue gui 月桂). Wu guan cha 吳觀察, “Surveillance Commissioner Wu” [1] Song 宋 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. The Renzhai xiao er fang lun 仁齋小兒方論, “[Yang] Renzhai’s Discourses and Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” of → Yang Shiying 楊士瀛 lists a recipe transmitted by Wu to cure lockjaw (kou jin 口噤) in children, and LSZ takes this over in SE shi 豕. Wu hou 武后, “Empress Wu” (624-705) [4] This is Wu Zhao 武瞾 (posthumously called Wu Zetian 武則天), wife of → Tang Gao zong 唐高宗 and later Wu Zhou huang di 武周皇帝, “Empress Wu of Zhou,” r. 690-705. A woman of Wen shui 文水 in Bing zhou 并州, now in the east of Wen shui in Shan xi 山西. She is the most controversial female empress in Chinese history. Considerable mythology is associated with her reign and this is the topic of books such as the → Tang Wu hou bie zhuan 唐武后別傳. The → ZLBC contains a story about her use of wu tou 烏頭 poison to eliminate enemies. LSZ also cites some stories, but it remains uncertain where he got his material from. Wu ji 吳紀, “annals of Wu” [2] Western Jin 晉 historical work. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Huan Ji 環 濟 (→ Huan shi 環氏). DC 3rd century. 10 juan. The text detailed the history of the state of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. The original text is lost, but much of its content is found in the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ uses material from the Tai ping yu lan. Wu jing da quan 五經大全, “Great Compendium of the Five Classics” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official publication. Compiled by Hu Guang 胡廣 and others at the orders of Ming Cheng zu 明成祖. 154 juan. The book features collections on the five classics, the → Zhou yi 周易, the → Shang shu 尚書 and its commentaries, the → Shi jing 詩經, the → Li ji 禮記, the → Chun qiu 春秋 , and

515 others, the knowledge of which was required for participation in the civil service examinations. LSZ lists the collection in his bibliographical sections without reference to the authors and does not cite it directly in the main text. Wu jing si bu 五經四部, “Five Classics and Four Categories” [1] General term used by LSZ for all kinds of literature. The five classics are the → Shi jing 詩經, the → Shang shu 尚書, the → Li ji 禮記, the → Zhou yi 周易, and the → Chun qiu 春秋 . The “four categories” refer to the ancient classification of texts. The Jin 晉 author Xun Xu 荀勖, in his Zhong jing xin bu 中經新簿, “A New Division of Chinese Classics,” changed the seven bibliographic categories proposed in the Western Han 漢 Qi lüe 七略, “Seven Abstracts,” into four, the A, B, C, and D (jia 甲, yi 乙, bing 丙, and ding 丁) categories, also called the classics (jing 經), histories (shi 史), philosophical works (zi 子), and collections (ji 集). LSZ’s wu jing si bu is thus a general designation for all kinds of books. Wu Jiong 毋煚 Tang 唐 official, who served as Rectifier of Omissions of the Right (you bu que 右補闕) and is said to have been an accomplished scholar and talented writer. In 721 he compiled the Qun shu si bu lu 群書四部錄, “Record of a Multitude of Books Divided into Four Categories,” in 200 juan with some fellow officials but re-edited it himself into a shorter version, the Gu jin shu lu 古今書錄, “Record of Old and New Books,” in 40 juan. He was opposed to drinking tea and wrote a text to elucidate the dangers associated with the consumption of tea. The Tang xin yu 唐新語, “New Talks of the Tang,” calls this text Dai cha lu xu 代茶錄序, “Introduction to the Record on Replacing Tea,” by Wu Xiong 毋焸. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 refers to it as Dai cha yin xu 代茶飲序, “Preface to Replacing Tea Drinking,” of Qimu Jing 綦母景, and the → ZLBC writes Cha yin xu 茶飲序, “Preface to Drinking Tea,” by Mu Jing 母景. In SE ming 茗, LSZ cites this second hand as the → Cha xu 茶序 of Wu Jiong 毋炅 [1]. Taking all these writings into account as well as the historical facts about the author found in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” and Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), the correct names of book and author must be Dai cha yin xu 代茶飲序 and Wu Jiong 毋煚. Wu Jiong 毋炅 → Wu Jiong 毋煚 Wu Jun 吳均 (469-520) [1] Liang 梁 dynasty literatus. Style name Shuxiang 叔庠, a man of Gu zhang 故鄣 in Wu xing 吳興, now in the northwest of An ji 安吉 in Zhe jiang 浙江. From a poor and lowly family, Wu is said to have shown remarkable talent for scholarship. He held various official posts but was most skilled at writing in a clear and simple style that was sometimes called the Wu Jun style (Wu Jun ti 吳均體). Wu was the author of the → Xu Qi xie ji 續齊諧記 as well as other books and is attributed the → Xi jing za ji 西京雜記 by some. Wu Kan 吳龕 [1] Qin 秦/Han 漢 dynasty minor official in Yang yi 陽羨, in the south of present-day Yi xing 宜興 in Jiang su 江蘇. Legend has it that he once found a

516 multi-colored stone in the water that transformed into a girl the next evening. This is recorded in the → You ming lu 幽明錄 and taken over by LSZ in SE ren gui 人傀. Wu Lai 吳萊 (1297-1340) Yuan 元 dynasty scholar. Style name Lifu 立夫, original given name Laifeng 來 鳳, posthumous name (given by his disciples) Yuanying xiansheng 淵穎先生, “Gentleman of Deep Intelligence.” A man of Pu yang 浦陽, now Pu jiang 浦 江 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He took the imperial examination when it was reinstated during the yan you 延祐 reign period (1315-1319) but failed. He then retired to Song shan 松山 and became deeply involved with classics and histories. Wu Lai was the teacher of → Song Lian 宋濂. His writing is powerful and resembles Qin 秦 and Han 漢 style writings. A literary collection survives, the → Yuanying ji 淵穎集. LSZ refers to Wu as Wu Lai [1] and in the main text mistakenly as Wu Ce 吳策 [1]. Wu lei jing 五雷經, “Classic of Thunder Magic” [3] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No information on author, DC, or size available, and the contents can only be guessed. Probably a Daoist book, but even though the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經) contains many books on methods for thunder magic (wu lei fa 五雷法), none of them is called Wu lei jing. Wu lei xiang gan zhi 物類相感志, “records of the Mutual Influences of Various Categories of Things” Lost Song 宋 dynasty book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志, “Records of Interactions, Organized by Categories.” Written by the monk → Zanning 贊寧 , sometimes falsely attributed to → Su Shi 蘇軾. 10 juan (AV 1 juan, according to the Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness”). The book deals with characteristic phenomena taking place in the course of the mutual engendering of things. The → Shuo fu 説郛 contains some fragments of a Gan ying lei cong zhi by Zanning but also quotes a Wu lei xiang gan zhi by Su Shi. The contents cited seem quite different. According to the Si ku quan shu zong mu ti yao 四庫全書總目提要, “Index and General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” the work of Zanning was lost early, and the text people continued quoting was actually a spurious edition. LSZ cites the book as Wu lei xiang gan zhi [18] and Xiang gan zhi 相感志, “Records of Mutual Influences,” [21], attributing it to Zan ning. Many of his citations, however, correspond with fragments from the Wu lei xiang gan zhi of Su Shi as cited in the Shuo fu, and when he does use material from Zan ning’s Gan ying lei cong zhi, he attributes it to → Zhang Hua 張華, mixing it up with this author’s → Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志. Wu li lun 物理論, “discourse on the Principle of Things” [3] Late Wei 魏, early Jin 晉 period book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經 籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Yang Quan 楊泉. 16 juan. The book describes the principles of the “ten-thousand

517 things,” touching upon objects of machinery and agriculture. The original text was lost early, but fragments were preserved in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the text second hand from these works. Wu ling ji 武陵記, “record of Wu ling” [2] Lost Liang 梁 dynasty geographical text. EE → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎. Written by → Wu Anpin 伍安貧 (AV Wang Anpin 王安貧). The book focuses on the geography and customs of the Wu ling 武陵 area, now Zhang jia jie 張家 界 in Hu nan 湖南. Fragments are found in the You yang za zu. LSZ cites the book second hand and calls the author Wang Anpin. In the Yu di ji sheng 輿地 紀勝, “Records of Beautiful Places in the World,” of Wang Xiangzhi 王象之, by contrast, Wu Anpin is made the author and this is generally taken over by later sources. Wu lu 吳錄, “records of Wu” Lost historical work of Western Jin 晉 times. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐 書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Zhang Bo 張勃. 30 juan. The books is kept in the annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體) and records the history of the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. Many fragments are found in the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書 鈔, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books, but LSZ leaves it unclear, which of these books he took his second-hand quotations from. He cites the whole work as Wu lu [7] and also refers to one individual section as Wu lu di li zhi 吳錄地理志, “Geographical Treatise in the Records of Wu,” [2]. Wu lu di li zhi 吳錄地理志 → Wu lu 吳錄 Wu Meng 吳猛 Jin 晉 dynasty Daoist. Style name Shiyun 世云, a man of Fen ning 分寧 in Yu zhang 豫章, now part of Jiang xi 江西. He has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書 and is one of the 24 filial sons of ancient times. In Daoist circles he was known as Wu Meng zhenren 吳猛真人, “Wu Meng, the Perfected One.” LSZ associates a → Fu jiao jue 服椒訣 with Wu, referring to him as Wu Meng [1] and Wu Meng zhenren [1]. Wu Meng zhenren 吳猛真人 → Wu Meng 吳猛 Wu Min 吳旻 [7] Ming 明 dynasty literatus, fl. 1st half of the 16th century. Style name Jinshan 近 山, a man of Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu chang 武昌 in Hu bei 湖北. He was interested in a variety of books and collected medical recipes. Author of the → Fu shou jing fang 扶壽精方. Wu Neihan 吳内翰 → Wu Qian 吳幵 Wu Pu 吳普 Famous expert in pharmaceutics from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdom’s period, a disciple of → Hua Tuo 華佗. A man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. By editing and supplementing the →

518 Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 he created the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草. LSZ refers to him as Wu Pu [127], as Pu 普 [158], as Wu shi 吳氏, “Mr. Wu,” [9], and as Wu 吳 [1]. Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草, “Materia Medica of Wu Pu” Lost CMM. FE → Qi lu 七錄. AN Wu shi ben cao 吳氏本草, “Materia Medica of Mr. Wu.” Written by → Wu Pu 吳普 from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. DC early 3rd century. 6 juan (AV 1 juan). Based on the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經, the Wu Pu ben cao contained 441 detailed drug descriptions compiled from various sources. The text was lost by Northern Song 宋 times, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, and other sources. The → Shu ben cao 蜀本草, the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草, and other lost works preserved in the → ZLBC also included fragments of the work. LSZ felt that the Wu Pu ben cao contained a substantial amount of early knowledge and quoted much of its material from the ZLBC. Apart from quoting the book as Wu Pu ben cao [52] or Wu shi ben cao [6], he labels his quotations with the name of the author as Pu 普 [158], Wu Pu [127], Wu shi 吳氏, “Mr. Wu” [3], or simply Wu 吳 [1]. Wu Qian 吳幵 Song 宋 dynasty official. Style name Zhengzhong 正仲, a man of Chu zhou 滁 州 in present-day An hui 安徽, jin shi 1097. Wu entered the Han lin 翰林 Academy in 1126 and was therefore called Wu Neihan 吳内翰, “Wu of the Han [lin Academy].” After the Establishment of Southern Song he served as a local official. He was the author of a Bei ji fang 備急方,“Emergency Recipes.” The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, and all the recipes associated with Wu in the BCGM are also found in that work. LSZ refers to Wu as Wu Qian [3] and Wu Neihan [4]. Wu Qiu 吳球 Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. late 15th to mid-16th century. Style name Jiaoshan 茭山, a man of Kuo cang 括蒼, now Li shui 麗水 county in Zhe jiang 浙江. Wu followed the medical doctrines of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, → Liu Wansu 劉完素, → Li Gao 李杲, and → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 and was famous for his tonifying recipes. He was the author of a number of books, including the → Huo ren xin tong 活人心統, the → Zhu zheng bian yi 諸證辨疑, and the → Bian min shi liao 便民食療. LSZ refers to Wu as Wu Qiu [22] or Wu shi 吳氏, “Mr. Wu,” [1], frequently labeling material from these books with Wu’s name only, so that the origin of each quote must be determined in each case. Not quoted by LSZ but also surviving is Wu’s Fang mai zhu yi 方脈主意, “Things to Pay Attention to Concerning Recipes and [Movements in the] Vessels.” Wu rui 吳瑞 Yuan 元 dynasty medical official, fl. 1st half of the 14th century. Style name Ruiqing 瑞卿, a man of Hai ning 海寧 in Xin an 新安, now Xiu ning 休寧 in An hui 安徽. From a family of hereditary physicians, Wu rose to hold a medical post in his home area. He was convinced of the importance of the right diet for maintaining health. Therefore, he collected material related to foodstuffs from

519 the → ZLBC and other books and combined these with his own experiences to produce the → Ri yong ben cao 日用本草. LSZ refers to Wu as Wu Rui [54], Ruiqing [1], Rui 瑞 [47] and Wu shi 吳氏, “Mr. Wu,” [1]. Wu Rui ben cao 吳瑞本草 → Ri yong ben cao 日用本草 Wu ruxiang 武如香 [1] Ming 明 dynasty itinerant monk. A man of Shaan xi 陝西. In 1564 he used a red powder to seduce the wife of → Zhang Zhu 張柱. He also managed to make Zhang Zhu go insane and kill his entire family. LSZ relates this story in detail in SE dang lang 莨菪. Wu seng Zanning 吳僧贊寧 → Zanning 贊寧  Wu Shao shi 吳少師 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. The → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 relates the story of how he was cured of an illness by → Zhang Rui 張銳, and LSZ takes it over in SE huang tu 黃土. Wu shi 吳氏, “Mr. Wu” Name of different medical authors. Check the associated work or context to determine which one is being referred to.  [9] → Wu Pu 吳普, author of the → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草

 [1] → Wu Rui 吳瑞, author of the → Ri yong ben cao 日用本草

 [2] → Wu Qiu 吳球, author of the → Huo ren xin tong 活人心統 and other books Wu shi ben cao 吳氏本草 → Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草 Wu shi xin tong 吳氏心統 → Huo ren xin tong 活人心統 Wu Shou 吳綬 [12] Ming 明 dynasty medical expert, fl. early 16th century. A man of Qian tang 錢 塘, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Wu studied medical books and with various teachers for more than 30 years. He was recommended for a medical post at court and became part of the Ming Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院), where he rose to be an Imperial Physician (yu yi 御醫). Author of the Shang han yun yao quan shu 傷寒蘊要全書, “Complete Book of Collected Essentials on Harm Caused by Cold,” (→ Shang han yun yao 傷寒蘊要). Wu Shu 吳淑 (947-1002) [2] Northern Song 宋 literatus and high official. Style name Zhengyi 正儀, a man of Dan yang 丹陽 in Run zhou 潤州, now Zhen jiang 鎮江 in Jiang su 江蘇. He initially served the Southern Tang 唐 as a historian but then entered Song service, holding high court offices. He participated in the compilation of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華, and other encyclopedias and also wrote a number of works on his own including the → Shi lei fu 事類賦 and the → Jiang Huai yi ren lu 江淮異人 錄. Wu has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史.

520 Wu Tingshao 吳廷紹 Southern Tang 唐 imperial physician (tai yi ling 太醫令), fl. mid-10th century. He has a biography in the → Nan Tang shu 南唐書. It records Wu’s treatments of emperor → Lie zu 烈祖 and his minister → Feng Yanji 馮延己. LSZ refers to him as Wu Tingshao [3] and as Tingshao 廷紹 [1]. Wu wang 武王 (died 1043 BCE) [2] This is Ji Fa 姬發, King Wu of Zhou 周, founder of the Western Zhou dynasty, r. 1046-1043 BCE. LSZ reports stories associated with him. Wu wang 吳王 → He Lü 闔閭 Wu xi ji 五溪記, “records of the Five Creeks” [2] Lost, anonymous geographical text. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太 平御覽. DC probably Tang 唐. The areas of the five creeks included Xiong xi 雄 溪, Men xi 樠溪, You xi 酉溪, Wu xi 潕溪, and Chen xi 辰溪, an area inhabited by minorities in present-day Chen zhou 辰州 along the Yuan 沅 river in Hu nan 湖南. Fragments are found in the Tai ping yu lan and the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥 本草 as cited in the → ZLBC. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and cites a fragment second hand from the ZLBC in his main text. Wu xing ji 五行記 → Guang gu jin wu xing ji 廣古今五行記 Wu xing pian 五行篇 → Guan zi 管子 Wu xing shu 五行書, “Book on the Five Phases” [2] Lost, anonymous book on the five phases (wu xing 五行) doctrine. EE → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術. AN originally Za wu xing shu 雜五行書, “Book on Miscellanea and the Five Phases.” This book contains miscellaneous material on plant and animal life as well as instructions for suitabilities and taboos according to the five phases. It is frequently cited in works of the Northern and Southern dynasties and should therefore date to that period or earlier. Extensive fragments are quoted in the Qi min yao shu, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文 類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. The → ZLBC also cites it once. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The fragment cited, however, is not taken from the ZLBC but from the Qi min yao shu, which labels the same material Za wu xing shu. Wu xing zhi 五行志, “Treatise on the Five Phases” Section frequently found in standard histories. LSZ cites a Xu Han wu xing zhi 續漢五行志, “Treatise on the Five Phases in the [History of the] Second Han,” [1] from the → Xu Han shu 續漢書 and in addition refers to such texts as Wu xing zhi [3] alone. The Wu xing zhi mentioned in SE bao 豹 is the one from the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Citations of a Wu xing zhi in SE wu zhu yu 吳茱萸 and SE ji 雞 are actually references to the Za wu xing shu 雜五行書, “Book on Miscellanea and the Five Phases,” (→ Wu xing shu 五行書), the former taken from the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the latter from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Wu xing zhuan 五行傳 → Hong fan wu xing zhuan 洪範五行傳

521 Wu xue bian 吾學編, “Compilation of My Studies” [3] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Zheng Xiao 鄭曉. First printed in 1567. 69 juan. The book follows the format of a standard history and and records events of the Ming dynasty dating from the hong wu 洪武 to jia jing 嘉靖 reign periods (1368-1567). LSZ is rather up to date in citing this book that had only just been published. Wu Xunjian 吳巡檢 [1] Southern Song 宋 person, a relative of → Tang Yuzheng 唐與正. He once lost a small amount of urine during his sleep and was diagnosed with a “protuberance-illness with closure” (long bi 癃閉). Tang Yuzheng cured him. LSZ cites this story in SE shi liu huang 石硫黃. Wu yu 吳玉 [2] Ming dynasty writer. No details about his life available. Author of the → Kun shan xiao gao 崑山小稿. Wu Yue chun qiu 吳越春秋, “The Spring and autumn Period in Wu and yue” [1] Eastern Han 漢 historical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Zhao Ye 趙曄. 12 juan, 10 juan surviving. The text is a history of the states of Wu 吳 and Yue 越, covering the time of King Taibo 泰伯 to Fucha 夫差 (for Wu) and King Wu yu 無餘 to Goujian 勾踐 (for Yue). LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text. Wu yue wang 吳越王 → Qian Liu 錢鏐 Wu zhen pian 悟真篇, “Writings on awakening to the Truth” [2] Song 宋 dynasty Daoist book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN Jin ye huan dan wu zhen pian 金液還丹悟真篇, “Writings on Awakening to the Truth and the Reversion Elixir of Liquefied Gold.” Written by Zhang Boduan 張伯端 (9831082). 5 juan. The book is composed in ci 詞 and qu 曲 poetry and advocates internal alchemy. Along with the → Can tong qi 參同契 of → Wei Boyang 魏伯 陽 it is considered one of the most important texts of orthodox Daoism. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text of the BCGM. Wu zhi 吳志 → San guo zhi 三國志 Wu zhi jing 五芝經, “Classic of the Five Zhi” [1] Lost, anonymous book. Not listed in ancient or recent bibliographical sources. The title is referred to in a commentary in the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, but date and author remain unknown. LSZ cites it in SE zhi 芝. Wu zhu deng furen 吳主鄧夫人, “Lady deng of the ruler of Wu” [1] Three Kingdoms period person of the state of Wu 吳. LSZ cites a story from the → Ji yi ji 集異記 about Wu zhu Deng furen suffering from an injury to her face. However, the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 and other books speak of a Wu Sun He Deng furen 吳孫和鄧夫人, “Lady Deng of Sun He of Wu.” Sun He

522 孫和 (224-253) was the son of the first ruler of Wu, Sun Quan 孫權 (r. 222-252), and the father of Sun Hao 孫皓. Hence Lady Deng’s injury must have occured at that time. Wu Ziye 吳子野 [1] Northern Song 宋 literatus and expert in calligraphy. Literary name Matian shanren 麻田山人, “Hermit of the Hemp Field.” He was a friend of → Su Shi 蘇軾. According to the → Yi shuo 醫説, he advised Su to consume rice congee to nourish his life. LSZ takes this over in SE zhou 粥. Wuji 無忌 → Changsun Wuji 長孫無忌

-XXi Bian 席辨 → Xi Bian 席辯 Xi Bian 席辯 Sui 隋 to Tang 唐 period official, also written Xi Bian 席辨. Style name Lingyan 令言. Resided in Dong jun 東郡, now Yan zhou 兗州 in Shan dong 山東, away from his native place, at the end of the Sui dynasty. During the Tang zhen guan 貞觀 reign period (627-649), he served as prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Cang zhou 滄 州. The → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘后備急方, popular during the Tang, has an appendix with recipes to dissolve gu 蠱 poison and other toxins that was written by him. This is quoted in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要方 and the → ZLBC. LSZ refers to Xi as Xi Bian 席辯 [4] and Xi Bian 席辨 [1]. Xi hu zhi 西湖志, “records from West Lake” General designation for the Xi hu you lan zhi 西湖遊覽志, “Records Taken Travelling at West Lake.” (24 juan) and the Xi hu you lan zhi yu 西湖遊覽志餘, “Extra Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” (26 juan). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Both texts written by the Ming 明 literatus → Tian Rucheng 田汝成. The Xi hu you lan zhi describes famous scenic spots such as rivers and lakes around West Lake, the evolution of settlements and related legends. It lays special emphasis on anecdotes about people from the area. The Xi hu you lan zhi yu is a sequel with more stories and anecdotes. LSZ does not distinguish which of the two works he is citing. He refers to the texts as Xi hu zhi [3] and as You lan zhi 遊覽志 [1]. Xi Jian 郗鑒 (269-339) [1] Early Eastern Jin 晉 high official. Style name Daohui 道徽, a man of Jin xiang 金鄉 in Gao ping 高平, now part of Shan dong 山東. He served as Defender-in-chief (tai wei 太尉) and Minister of Education (si tu 司空), and has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書. According to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記, when he was on duty in Dan tu 丹徒, one of his soldiers presented him with a twig of raw jue 蕨. He ingested it and fell ill.

523 Xi jing za ji 西京雜記, “Miscellaneous records of the Western Capital” [10] Collection of fiction. Attributed to → Ge Hong 葛洪 of Jin 晉. The end of the book contains an annotation by Ge Hong, in which he states that he copied his material from a Han shu 漢書, “History of the Han,” by the Western Han 漢 scholar Liu Xin 劉歆. Considering such a statement improbable, later scholars suspect that the book was written in Ge Hong’s name by someone else. Others claim that the book was compiled by → Wu Jun 吳均 of Liang 梁. 2 juan, later divided into 6 juan. The “western capital” is the Western Han capital of Chang an 長安. The text recounts many Western Han traditions and legends. Xi Liang ji 西涼記, “records of Western Liang” [2] This is LSZ’s name for the Liang zhou ji 涼州記, “Records of Liang zhou,” a history of Later Liang 涼 during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN originally Liang ji 涼記, “Records of Liang.” Written by Duan Guilong 段龜龍. DC 5th century. 10 juan. The author was a courtier in the state of Later Liang, and his book records events under Lü Guang 呂光 (r. 386-399). The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and many other pre-Yuan 元 encyclopedias. LSZ cites the work as Xi Liang ji in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from a Liang zhou ji citation in the Shuo fu. Xi man cong hua 溪蠻叢話 → Xi man cong xiao 溪蠻叢笑 Xi man cong xiao 溪蠻叢笑, “Collected Jokes of the Barbarians of the [Five] Creeks” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Zhu Fu 朱輔. DC late 12th century. 1 juan. The title refers to the ethnic minorities that live in the area of the “five creeks” (wu xi 五溪, cf. → Wu xi ji 五溪記) along the Yuan 沅 river in Hu nan 湖南. The author held an office in the area and recorded what he heard and saw during the time he spent there. The text contains much information on local customs and products. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Xi man cong xiao [2] and erroneously as Xi man cong hua 溪蠻叢話, “Collected Talks of the Barbarians of the [Five] Creeks,” [2]. Xi nang 奚囊, “Servant’s Bag” [1] Abbreviation for the → Xi nang bei ji fang 奚囊備急方. LSZ cites two books with the term xi nang in the title, the Xi nang bei ji fang and the → Xi nang za zuan 奚囊雜纂. The latter’s bibliographical entry is listed among collections of brush notes (bi ji 筆記) and tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説), and is probably not a medical recipe book. The material quoted by LSZ as from the Xi nang is a single ingredient recipe which is rather similar to the recipes quoted from the Xi nang bei ji fang, so the reference must be to that text.

524 Xi nang bei ji fang 奚囊備急方, “Emergency recipes from the Servant’s Bag” Lost collection of medical recipes. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ names no author, and the title is not found in any other bibliography. The term “servant’s bag” (xi nang 奚囊) derives from a legend, in which the Tang dynasty poet Li He 李賀 had a servant (xi nu 奚奴) accompany him on his travels. Every time Li thought of a verse, he would write it down and the servant would store it in a bag he carried on his back. The “servant’s bag” thus became a designation for any assemblage of objects, poems, or ideas that were collected at all times. In the title of medical books it indicates that the medical recipes contained were collected whenever the author encountered them. LSZ refers to the collection as Xi nang bei ji fang [3] and as Xi nang 奚囊, “Servant’s Bag,” [1]. There are also 13 general references to a → Bei ji fang 備急方, but this designation mostly refers to other books. Xi nang za zuan 奚囊雜纂, “Miscellaneous Compilations from the Servant’s Bag” [1] Probably a collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小説). See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections without naming an author. He places it among collections of brush notes (bi ji 筆記) and tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説), therefore it seems probable that the Xi nang za zuan was a work of this kind as well. There is no material cited in the main text of the BCGM, so no more can be said about the work. One reference to a → Xi nang 奚囊 is from the → Xi nang bei ji fang 奚囊備急 方 rather than this text. Xi Qidan 奚契丹, “The Xi and the Khitan” [1] Two non-Chinese tribal associations, situated North of China at the time of the Tang 唐 dynasty. They were frequently engaged in military conflicts with Tang troops. LSZ mentions these tribes in SE lang dang 莨菪 in connection with → An Lushan 安祿山. Xi qiao ye ji 西樵野記, “rural records from the Western Watchtower” [3] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Hou Dian 侯甸. 10 juan (AV 4 juan), 170 entries. Hou Dian was a man from the Su zhou 蘇州 area active during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). His book assembled stories about mysterious or rare things. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without naming the author. Xi shan jing 西山經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 Xi shang fu tan 席上腐談, “dogmatic Conversations among the Learned” Late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Yu Yan 俞琰. 2 juan (AV 4 juan). The first juan comprises several articles on textual research as well as explanations on life cultivation and pregnancy. The second juan is devoted to Daoist alchemical lore, therefore some regard it as a Daoist

525 text. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Xi shang fu yan [2] and by the author’s name as Yu Yan [1]. Xi shi ji 西使記, “record of an Embassy to the West” Yuan 元 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Qing qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Liu Yu 劉 郁. DC 1263. 1 juan. The work records what the author heard and saw when he was sent west as an envoy, as far as today’s Iran and Iraq. The text contains considerable information on local geography, customs, products, etc. LSZ cites the work as Chu shi xi yu ji 出使西域記, “Record of One Who Served as an Envoy in the Western Regions,” [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text but mostly refers to the text as Xi shi ji [9]. Xi wang mu 西王母, “Queen Mother of the West” Mythological goddess. Mentioned in the → Shan hai jing 山海經, the → Mu tian zi zhuan 穆天子傳, and in the Han Wu di nei zhuan 漢武帝內傳, “The Inner Biography of Emperor Wu of Han,” (→ Han Wu nei zhuan 漢武內傳), and other early texts. In later times her name was attached to various objects. LSZ cites a → Xi wang mu zhen zhong fang 西王母枕中方, and associates with her a hairpin, a mat, a staff, a vegetable, a peach, a date, and a pearl, which are mostly alternative names for pharmaceutical substances of plant origin. He refers to her as Xi wang mu [10] and as Wang mu 王母, “Queen Mother,” [2]. Xi wang mu zhen zhong fang 西王母枕中方, “recipes from the Pillow of the Queen Mother of the West” [1] Lost, anonymous book quoted in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方. Said there to list a cosmetic recipe used by the concubine → Zhang gui fei 張貴妃. LSZ cites this recipe second hand in SE dan sha 丹砂. Xi xi si seng 西溪寺僧, “Monk of the Xi xi Monastery” [1] Northern Song 宋 monk from Qian tang 錢塘 (now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江) who resided at the Xi xi 西溪 monastery. According to the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, he was able to cure the poison of the tian she 天蛇 snake with qin pi 秦皮. Xi yang jun wang 西陽郡王 → Xu Zhicai 徐之才 Xi yanshang 席延賞 [2] Northern Song 宋 writer. Details about his life are unavailable. The Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” lists a now lost Huang di zhen jing yin yi 黃帝針經音義, “Phonology of the Yellow Thearch’s Needling Classic,” of his. The → ZLBC cites two recipes by Xi, and LSZ lists a → Xi Yanshang fang 席延賞方 in his bibliography and takes over one recipe from the ZLBC. Xi Yanshang fang 席延賞方, “recipe by Xi yanshang” [2] Medical recipe book or simply a recipe by an otherwise unknown → Xi Yanshang 席延賞.

526 Xi yu ji 西域記, “record on the Western Territories” [3] Title of a book. Cited in the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 and → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, so the book must date to the Five Dynasties or earlier. Possibly an abbreviated title of the Da Tang xi yu ji 大唐西域記, “Record of the Western Territories of the Great Tang.” However, the items quoted from a Xi yu ji do not appear in other materia medica works, and their origin remains to be verified. LSZ does not list the text in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in the main text from the → ZLBC. Xi yu zhuan 西域傳, “records of the Western regions” [1] Chapter in the biographical sections of certain dynastic histories. The Xi yu zhuan fragment LSZ cites in SE tuo 駝 is taken from the → Han shu 漢書, juan 96. The quotation includes the original Han shu text as well as a commentary by → Yan Shigu 顔師古. Xi zheng fu 西征賦, “rhapsody on a Campaign to the West” [1] Jin 晉 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Pan Yue 潘岳. DC 292. Pan Yue served as magistrate of Chang an 長安 and put his emotions about missions to the West into this poem, recording things he experienced. The fu is preserved in the → Wen xuan 文選, and LSZ takes over a fragment in SE xu yu 鱮魚. Xi zong 僖宗 (862-888) [1] This is Li Xuan 李儇, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 873-888. Original name Yan 儼. The → Huang Chao 黃巢 rebellion occurred during his rule. LSZ reports how a woman transformed into a male during his reign in SE ren gui 人傀. Xia guan fu 遐觀賦, “rhapsody of Long-lasting Contemplation” [2] Fu 賦 attributed to → Ge Hong 葛洪. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The poem is not listed in the standard bibliographies and was only rarely cited in early sources. LSZ lists it as a book in his bibliographical sections and in his main text cites it second hand from the Tai ping yu lan. Xia ji 夏姬, “Concubine Xia” [2] Spring and Autumn period person, daughter of Zheng Mu gong 鄭穆公 and wife of Yushu 御叔, magnate of the state of Chen 陳. Her beauty was unparalleled and she was well-versed in the arts of longevity. After her husband died, she became the consort of three kings and the wife of seven husbands. All the feudal lords coveted her, and there was no one who was not enchanted by her. Legend has it that she resorted to the “elixir with apricot gold” (xing jin dan 杏金丹) of → Hun huang zi 渾皇子 to preserve her youthful complexion. The recipe is recorded in the → ZLBC, and LSZ takes it over in SE xing 杏. Xia Jie 夏桀 [1] This is Lü Gui 履癸, ruler of the Xia 夏 dynasty. He was removed by → Cheng Tang 成湯 around 1600 BCE. LSZ mentions him in SE wu gu wa 烏古瓦. Xia ri ji 暇日記, “records of Leisure days” [3] Northern Song 宋 literary encyclopedia. FE → Shuo fu 説郛. 1 juan. Written by → Liu Qi 劉跂. The text is preserved in the Shuo fu, from which LSZ took

527 his material. He mistakenly assigns the text to → Chen Yanhe 陳彥和 once but elsewhere refers it correctly to Liu Qi. Xia shi 夏氏 → Xia Ziyi 夏子益 Xia shi qi ji fang 夏氏奇疾方 → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 Xia shu 夏書, “documents of Xia” [1] Section of the → Shang shu 尚書, supposedly recording the history of the Xia 夏 dynasty. The present version is in four chapters, the → Yu gong 禹貢, the Gan shi 甘誓, “The Gan Oath,” the Wu zi zhi ge 五子之歌, “Song of the Five Sons,” and the Yin zheng 胤征, “The Yin Campaign.” The latter two are part of the old text (gu wen 古文) tradition of the Shang shu. LSZ cites the Xia shu in his main text only. Xia tai jun niang niang fang 夏太君娘娘方, “recipe of Empress Mother Xia” [1] Source of a medical recipe, probably not a book. EE → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良 方. The origin of the Fu ren liang fang citation is uncertain. Xia xiao zheng 夏小正, “The Small Calendar of Xia” Name of a text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” This was originally a section of the Da Dai li ji 大戴 禮記, “Record of Rites by Dai Senior” (→ Li ji 禮記) of Dai De 戴德. By the time of compilation of the Sui shi jing ji zhi, which also lists the Da Dai li ji, the Xia xiao zheng apparently circulated as a separate book in 1 juan. The original text is lost, but much of its contents is preserved in later works, and there is a reconstructed edition from Song 宋 times. The text is divided by season and presents monthly listings of living things, phenomena, and climatic influences. LSZ quotes the text as Xia xiao zheng [2], as Xia xiao zheng yue ling 夏小正月令, “Monthly Ordinances from the Small Calendar of Xia,” [1] and Xia xiao zheng zhu 夏小正注, “Notes to the Small Calendar of Xia,” [1]. Xia xiao zheng yue ling 夏小正月令 → Xia xiao zheng 夏小正 Xia xiao zheng zhu 夏小正注 → Xia xiao zheng 夏小正 Xia ying gong 夏英公, “duke Xia of ying” (985-1051) [3] This is Xia Song 夏竦, a Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Ziqiao 子 喬, a man of De an 德安 in Jiang zhou 江州, now De an in Jiang xi 江西. He was made Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相) in 1047 and was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Ying (Ying guo gong 英国公), thus his title. Xia has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史, and books such as the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, the → Shao shi wen jian lu 邵氏聞見錄, and the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編 all recount events related to him. Xia Yu shen xian jing 夏禹神仙經, “The Immortals’ Classic of [Emperor] yu of Xia” [2] Lost, anonymous book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. Only one fragment is preserved there. LSZ cites the book second hand from the ZLBC in his bibliographical sections and the main text.

528 Xia Ziyi 夏子益 This is the style name of Xia De 夏德 (AV Xia Demao 夏德懋), a Southern Song 宋 physician. Further details about his life are unavailable. Author of the → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 and the Wei sheng shi quan fang 衛生十全方, “Perfectly Efficacious Recipes for Protecting Life.” LSZ refers to him as Xia Ziyi [32] and as Xia shi 夏氏, “Mr. Xia,” [2]. Xia Ziyi fang 夏子益方 → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 Xia Ziyi qi fang 夏子益奇方 → Qi ji fang 奇疾方 Xiahou dan 夏侯鄲 → Xiahou Yun 夏侯鄆 Xiahou Hong 夏侯弘 [1] Eastern Jin 晉 person. According to a Zhi guai lu 志怪錄, “Records of the Supernatural,” quoted in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, he was able to converse with demons. LSZ cites this second hand in SE ji 雞 but erroneously names the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 as his source. Xiahou Shang 夏侯上 → Xiahou Shang 夏侯尚 Xiahou Shang 夏侯尚 General of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period, engaged in campaigns to the South. According to → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, he was ordered to search for jade during the huang chu 黃初 reign period (220-226). LSZ cites this in SE qing yu 青玉 but erroneously writes Xia’s name Xiahou Shang 夏侯 上 [1]. Xiahou yun 夏侯鄆 Tang 唐 dynasty official, served as Administrative Supervisor (lu shi can jun 錄事 參軍) of Lang zhou 閬州. According to the → TJBC he obtained a recipe to pull out arrowheads from → Ma shi zhong 馬侍中 and used it to treat wounds. This recipe was also recorded in the → ZLBC, but → Tang Shenwei 唐慎微 erroneously wrote Xia’s name Xiahou Dan 夏侯鄲. In SE ba dou 巴豆, LSZ follows Tang’s mistake, referring to the official as Xiahou Dan [1] and Dan 鄲 [1], but elsewhere calls him Xiahou Yun [1] and Yun 鄆 [3] correctly. Xian chuan fang 仙傳方, “recipes Transmitted by Immortals”  This is the Zhang Sanfeng zhenren xian fang 張三丰真人仙方, “Immortals’ Recipes of Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One,” a medical recipe text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰 (fl. 14th century). The text forms juan 1 of the Sanfeng Zhang zhenren shen su wan ying fang 三 丰張真人神速萬應方, “Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One’s Recipes of Divine Swiftness and Ten-thousand Responses” (→ Ji xiao fang 集效方 ) of → Sun Tianren 孫天仁. LSZ cites it as a separate work, referring to the text as Xian chuan fang [2] or (misspelling Zhang’s name) as Zhang Sanfeng xian fang 張三 仹仙方, “Immortals’ Recipes of Zhang Sanfeng [2] and Zhang Sanfeng fang 張 三仹方, “Recipes of Zhang Sanfeng,” [1], or referring to the author directly as Zhang Sanfeng zhenren 張三丰真人, “Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One,” [1].  [1] AN for the → Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳

529 Xian chuan wai ke 仙傳外科 → Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳 Xian di 獻帝 → Han Xian 漢獻 Xian fang 仙方, “recipes of Immortals” [34]  Like → Xian jing 仙經, a general reference to Daoist texts on life cultivation. Also called Shen xian fang 神仙方, “Recipes of Divine Immortals,” [3].

 General reference to pharmaceutical recipes considered to be miraculously effective. Xian fang zhuan 仙方傳, “Tradition of Immortals’ recipes” [1] For LSZ the name of a book. Cited in the BCGM but not listed in LSZ’s bibliography. The material that LSZ refers to a Xian fang zhuan in SE hu ma 胡麻 is found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, which cites similar passages several times and assigns them to the Lu Nüsheng bie zhuan 魯女生別傳, “Supplementary Biography of Lu Nüsheng,” and the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳. → Lu Nüsheng 魯女生 was a figure of the late Eastern Han 漢 dynasty, and the Lu Nüsheng bie zhuan and the Shen xian zhuan date to the Jin 晉 period or somewhat later. LSZ synthesizes various text fragments that the Tai ping yu lan labels Lu Nüsheng bie zhuan into one, so his Xian fang zhuan is probably a reference to that text. Xian jing 仙經, “Classics of Immortals” [57] General reference to Daoist texts on life cultivation. Xian ju fu 閑居賦, “rhapsody on remaining Idly at Home” [2] Western Jin 晉 fu 賦. Written by → Pan Yue 潘岳. The → Jin shu 晉書, in the biography of Pan Yue, records this poem outlining the joys of staying idly at home. LSZ cites the poem in his main text only. Xian lu ji 陷虜記, “records Taken during Imprisonment” Lost Five Dynasties period book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Xian bei ji 陷北記, “Records Taken while Being Trapped in the North.” Written by → Hu Jiao 胡嶠. DC 953. 3 juan (AV 1 juan). The author was held by the Qidan 契丹 for 7 years and only returned to China in 953. After his return he wrote the Xian lu ji to record his experiences in the north. According to the Xin wu dai shi 新五代史, “New History of the Five Dynasties,” the book also details geography, customs, and local products of the areas the author saw. The Xin wu dai shi states that Hu Jiao tasted the watermelon (xi gua 西瓜) there and gave a description of its taste, appearance, and cultivation in his work, along with information on how it had been obtained by the Qidan from the Uighurs. → Yang Shen 楊慎, in his Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄), apparently misunderstood this and made Hu Jiao the person that obtained the watermelon from the Uighurs and brought it to China. LSZ, accordingly, lists the Xian lu ji as Xian lu ji 陷盧記. “Records of Trapping the Gourd” [1], in his bibliographical sections and cites it correctly as Xian lu ji 陷虜記 [1] in the main text. He repeats Yang Shen’s erroneous story of Hu Jiao discovering the water-

530 melon on a punitive expedition to the Uighurs (Hu actually never participated in any such expedition), apparently citing second hand from the Dan qian yu lu. Xian tan 閑談 → Mu shu xian tan 牧豎閑談 Xian wan biao 薟丸表 → Jin xi xian wan biao 進豨薟丸表 Xian zong 憲宗 (778-820) [2] This is Li Chun 李純, emperor of the Tang 唐 dynasty, r. 805-820. LSZ relates events said to have occurred during his reign, about a mineral that was transformed into flour for the consumption of the poor and the transformation of a male servant into a tiger. Xiang bei jing 相貝經, “Classic of the appearances of Cowries” [2] Specialized text. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” No author is given there, but the book is sometimes attributed to the legendary Western Han 漢 immortal → Zhu Zhong 朱仲. 1 juan. The → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 contains a story about how Zhu Zhong received the book from the legendary immortal → Qin Gao 琴髙 and later presented it to the official → Yan Zhu 嚴助, but the attribution to a legendary figure is certainly false. DC Northern and Southern Dynasties period, judging by the book’s appearance in bibliographies. The text contains information on the shapes and usages of different types of cowrie shells. The original book is lost, but the Yi wen lei ju, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and the → Shuo fu 説郛 all cite from it. LSZ cites the book second hand from the Yi wen lei ju in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Xiang Cheng 相誠 → Yang Cheng 楊誠 Xiang gan zhi 相感志 → Wu lei xiang gan zhi 物類相感志 Xiang he jing 相鶴經, “Classic of Crane Physiognomy” [3] Daoist mystical text. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Attributed to a Fu qiu gong 浮丘 公, “Lord of Fu qiu,” or Li Fuqiu 李浮丘, a mythical Zhou 周 dynasty Daoist. 1 juan. The present version contains a postscript dated 1077 by → Wang Anshi 王 安石, detailing the legend of the transmission of the text from Fuqiu gong to his disciples, its storage in a cave grotto and its final acquirement by Huai nan gong 淮南公, “Lord of Huai nan,” (→ Liu An 劉安), who is said to have transmitted the secret text to the world. The → Tong zhi 通志, finally, makes two texts out of this, listing a Xiang he jing by Fuqiu gong and one by the Eight Lords of Huai nan (→ Huai nan ba gong 淮南八公). LSZ follows this interpretation and refers the text to the Huai nan ba gong in his bibliographical sections or to the Ba gong 八公, “Eight Lords,” in the main text. Xiang lu 香錄, “record of aromatic Substances” Southern Song 宋 practical treatise on exotic substances. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Nan fan xiang lu 南蕃香錄, “Record of Aromatic Substances of Foreign Countries in the South.” Written by → Ye Tinggui 葉廷珪. DC 1151. 1 juan. The text contains information on aromatic pharmaceutical substances the author gained from over-

531 seas traders. The original text is lost, but much of its material is preserved in the Xiang pu 香譜, “Treatise on Aromatic Substances,” of Chen Jing 陳敬, the Xiang sheng 香乘, “Chariot of Aromatic Substances,” of Zhou Jiazhou 周嘉胄, and other books. LSZ cites the text correctly as Xiang lu [4] in his main text but calls it Xiang pu [3] in his bibliography. Xiang mian ji 襄沔記, “records of Xiang mian” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Wu Congzheng 吳從 政. DC early 8th century. 3 juan. The author flourished during the jing long 景 龍 reign period (707-710). The book was created by taking material from the → Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記, the → Jing zhou ji 荊州記, the → Chu guo xian xian zhuan 楚國先賢傳, the Xiang yang qi jiu zhuan 襄陽耆舊傳, “Biographies of the Elders of Xiang yang,” of Xi Zuochi 習鑿齒, the Xiang yang ji 襄陽記, “Records of Xiang yang,” of Guo Zhongchan 郭仲產, the Nan Yong zhou ji 南 雍州記, “Records of Southern Yong zhou,” of Bao Jian 鮑堅, and other books. It provided detailed information on the Xiang han 襄漢 area in present-day Hu bei 湖北. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. The material in the main text is taken from the Tai ping huan yu ji. Xiang pu 香譜, “Treatise on aromatic Substances”  [3] Northern Song 宋 book on aromatic substances. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Hong Chu 洪芻 (→ Hong Jufu 洪駒父). 2 juan. The book contains information on fragrances, spices, and aromatic medicinals. There is an edition in the → Bai chuan xue hai 百川學海.

 [3] AN for the → Xiang lu 香錄 Xiang shan si seng 湘山寺僧, “Monk of Xiang shan Monastery” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty monk. LSZ quotes a → Jing yan fang 經驗方 with a recipe for “painful and itching scrotal lesion” (nang chuang tong yang 囊瘡痛痒), stating this recipe was invented by a monk of the Xiang shan monastery. The origin of this recipe can be traced back to the Yuan 元 dynasty → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得 效方. It was later quoted by the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, juan 272, with an additional statement: “In the summer of the [year] jia zi I travelled from Gui [lin] back home, when on the way I suffered from an itching lesion. I took rest at the Xiang shan monastery for a little while, where I met the abbott Shu weng 寂翁. He gave this recipe to me, and after a few days I was cured.” Based on this statement, it can be assumed that the monk of Xiang shan monastery was called Shu weng. Xiang shi 項氏, “Mr. Xiang” [3] Person of uncertain identity. LSZ cites Xiang’s explanations of pharmaceutical substances in SE ping 蘋 and SE wei 薇 but does not provide any information on Mr. Xiang’s life dates or any book of his. The Xiang shi jia shuo 項氏家説,

532 “School Explanations by Mr. Xiang,” does not contain the BCGM material, so LSZ’s source remains to be verified. Xiang yu 項羽 (232-202) [1] This is the style name of Xiang Ji 項籍, a late Qin 秦 leader of an army, the chief rival of Liu Bang 劉邦 (→ Han Gao zu 漢高祖) in the battle for the empire. He established himself as Xi Chu ba wang 西楚霸王, “Hegemon of Western Chu,” and was therefore called Chu wang 楚王, “King of Chu.” Later he was defeated and committed suicide by cutting his throat. LSZ cites an event associated with him in SE han shan 汗衫. Xiangru 相如 → Sima Xiangru 司馬相如 Xiangru fu 相如賦 → Zi xu fu 子虛賦 Xianyu Shu 鮮于樞 (1256-1301) [4] Yuan 元 dynasty calligrapher and poet. Style name Boji 伯機, literary name Kunxue shanmin 困學山民, “The Recluse Who Studies Assiduously,” Jizhi laoren 寄直老人, “The Old Man Fostering Righteousness.” A man of Da du 大 都 (AV Yu yang 魚陽), now Bei jing 北京. He held a literary court appointment and was noted for his poetry and calligraphy. Author of the Kun xue zhai ji 困 學齋集, “Collection of the Studio of Assiduous Studies,” the Kun xue zhai za lu 困學齋雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of the Studio of Assiduous Studies,” and other books. LSZ quotes his → Gou xuan 鉤玄, but there is some uncertainty about whether such a book actually existed. Xianyu Shuming 鮮于叔明 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. during the reign of → Tang Dai zong 唐代宗 (r. 762779). Served as prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Zi zhou 梓州 and as governor (jie du shi 節度使) of Eastern Si chuan 四川. According to the Gansun zi 乾 子, “Master Gansun,” of the Tang author Wen Tingyun 溫庭筠, he loved to eat stinking worms/bugs. LSZ cites this in SE xing ye 行夜 but erroneously gives the → Yi shuo 醫説 as his source. Xiao 斅 → Lei Xiao 雷斅 Xiao Bing 蕭炳 Tang 唐 dynasty reclusive scholar. A man of Lan ling 蘭陵, now Cang xian 蒼 縣 in Shan dong 山東. Author of the → Si sheng ben cao 四聲本草. LSZ refers to him as Xiao Bing [39] or Bing 炳 [20]. Xiao, Cao, Jiang, Guan 蕭曹絳灌 [1] Four eminent officials serving at the beginning of the Han 漢 dynasty: Xiao He 蕭何 (died 193 BCE), Cao Shen 曹參 (died 190 BCE), Zhou Bo 周勃 (died 169 BCE), and Guan Ying 灌嬰 (died 176 BCE), all held the post of Counselor-in-chief (cheng xiang 丞相) and other offices. LSZ uses their style of governing as an allegory for how even toxic, harsh medicinals such as croton seeds (ba dou 巴豆) may be used to achieve a balance in the human body.

533 Xiao Cunjing 蕭存敬 [2] Possibly a Song 宋 dynasty person. LSZ lists a recipe with jing jie 荊芥 called “a pinch of gold” (yi nian jin 一捻金) in SE jia su 假蘇 and associates it with Xiao Cunjing. This recipe appears in the Song → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, but no Xiao Cunjing is mentioned there, and LSZ’s source remains uncertain. Xiao dayin 蕭大尹 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. A recipe of his is cited by LSZ in SE hu tao 胡桃. Xiao duanshi 蕭端式 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方, he once suffered from “suspended obstruction-illness” (xuan yong 懸癰) and was cured with autumn hu lu 葫蘆. LSZ cites this in SE ku hu 苦瓠. Xiao er 小兒 → Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣 Xiao er fang 小兒方, “recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children” Name applied by LSZ to various pediatric texts. In one case (SE ji yu 鯽魚), the source remains uncertain.

 Generic term for two Song 宋 dynasty texts. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Chen Wenzhong 陳文中. DC mid-13th century. LSZ convolutes two books by Chen under the title Xiao er fang, namely the Xiao er dou zhen fang lun 小兒痘疹方論, “Discourse on Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules in Children,” (DC 1254, 4 juan) and the Xiao er bing yuan fang lun 小兒病源方論, “Discourse on Recipes Treating the Origin of Diseases in Children,” (1 juan). In the BCGM, treatments for “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹) are taken from the former, treatments for other miscellaneous diseases from the latter book. LSZ cites these texts as Xiao er fang [6] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, referring them to Chen Wenzhong every time. He also quotes the works as Chen shi xiao er fang 陳氏小兒方, “Mr. Chen’s Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” [1], as Chen Wenzhong fang 陳文中方, “Recipes of Chen Wenzhong,” [2], or simply using the author’s name, Chen Wenzhong [4].

 Ming 明 dynasty text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Wang Rixin 王日新. DC and size uncertain. The book mentions various disease names, e.g., “old crow fright” (lao ya jing 老鴉驚), that were specific to the Ming period, therefore it can be dated to that time. It contains pharmaceutical prescriptions for pediatric diseases as well as descriptions of simple external treatment methods. LSZ cites the book as Xiao er fang [2] by Wang Rixin in his bibliographical sections and the main text and also refers to it as Wang shi xiao er fang 王氏小兒 方, “Mr. Wang’s Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,”[1].  This is the Xiao er yi fang miao xuan 小兒醫方妙選, “Miraculous Selection of Medical Recipes for Children,” a Song 宋 dynasty pediatric text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Zhang Huan 張渙. DC 1126. 3 juan. The original text

534 is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書, which states that the book contained 420 recipes in all, among them many created by the Southern Song pediatrician Qiu Songnian 丘松年. LSZ lists the text as Xiao er fang [1] by Zhang Huan in his bibliographical sections and cites one fragment by the name of the author in the main text. In both cases, however, he mistakenly writes Zhang’s name Zhang Huan 張煥 [2]. An Yi fang miao xuan 醫方妙 選, “Miraculous Selection of Medical Recipes” [1] cited in the main text is a reference to this book as well.  [1] Text containing pediatric recipes. LSZ does not list this work in his bibliographical sections but cites it once in the main text, attributing it to → Cui Xinggong 崔行功. The material there is identical with a quotation in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, which refers to a treatment method for children by a Cui shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui,” that is taken from the → Zuan yao fang 纂要方 (erroneously attributed to Cui Xinggong by LSZ), so the Xiao er fang was probably not an independent book at all.  [2] Referred to an unidentifiable → Bao shi 鮑氏 in → Bao shi xiao er fang 鮑 氏小兒方.

 [4] Referred to an unidentifiable → Tan shi 譚氏 in → Tan shi xiao er fang 譚氏小兒方.  [6] In → Zheng shi xiao er fang 鄭氏小兒方, this is actually the Quan ying fang lun 全嬰方論, “Discourse on Recipes for Healing Infants,” (→ Quan ying fang 全嬰方).  [3] Referred to an unidentifiable Ruan shi 阮氏, “Mr. Ruan,” in → Ruan shi xiao er fang 阮氏小兒方.

 [1] Referred to an unidentifiable Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu,” in → Liu shi xiao er fang 劉氏小兒方.  [1] In Zeng shi xiao er fang 曾氏小兒方, “Mr. Zeng’s Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” this is the → Huo you xin shu 活幼心書. [1] → Xie shi xiao er fang 謝氏小兒方

2 [23] In connection with designations for → Qian Yi 錢乙, this is the → Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣. 3

[1] Part of the title of the → Xiu zhen xiao er fang 袖珍小兒方

[2] General designation for pediatric recipes, not a book title. Xiao er fang jue 小兒方訣 → Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣 Xiao er gong qi fang 小兒宮氣方, “recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children and Womb Qi” Lost, anonymous pediatric text. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. DC Northern Song 宋, size uncertain (possibly 3 juan). LSZ cites fragments from the → ZLBC. He cites the book as Xiao er gong qi fang [2] and as Gong qi fang 宮氣方, “Womb Qi Recipes,” [4]. In addition to the Xiao er gong qi fang LSZ also lists a 4

535 → Xiao er gong qi ji 小兒宮氣集 in his bibliography, which is probably the same book. Xiao er gong qi ji 小兒宮氣集, “Collection for [the Treatment of ] Children and Womb Qi” [1] Anonymous pediatric text. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” 3 juan. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not use it in his main text. The text is probably identical with the → Xiao er gong qi fang 小兒宮氣方. Xiao er jing feng mi jue 小兒驚風秘訣, “Secret Instructions for [the Treatment of ] Children’s Fright Wind” [1] Pediatric text. EE BCGM. No information on authorship and DC available. LSZ cites it in his main text only, in connection with the use of lamp fire (deng huo 燈火) to treat “fright” (jing 驚) in children. Xiao er mi jue 小兒秘訣, “Secret Instructions for [the Treatment of ] Children” [1] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text, focusing on pediatric push-and-pull massage (tui na 推拿). LSZ cites an example of push-and-pull massage and pharmaceutical treatment for cases of “black sand fright” (wu sha jing 烏沙驚) from this book. The same material is documented in the Xiao er tui na mi jue 小兒推拿 秘訣, “Secret Instructions on Push-and Pull-Massage for [the Treatment of ] Children,” of the Ming author Zhou Yufan 周於蕃. However, the latter text was published in 1612, after the completion of the BCGM, so LSZ probably used another book with similar title and contents as his source. Xiao er ya 小爾雅, “Small Er ya” [2] Han 漢 dynasty lexicographical text and supplement to the → Er ya 爾雅. The Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han,” lists an anonymous Xiao ya 小雅, “Small Ya,” in one juan, which some consider to be the Xiao er ya. The Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” and the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” list a one juan Xiao er ya annotated by Li Gui 李軌. These books are lost. The still extant Xiao er ya is from chapter 11 of the Kong cong zi 孔叢子, “The Kong [Family] Masters’ Anthology,” by the Han author → Kong Fu 孔鮒, and the relationship between this text and the other ones is uncertain. It consists of 13 chapters, 10 of which cover words related to language, names, clothes, utensils, birds, or beasts, and the remaining three deal with weights and measures. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for [the Treatment of ] Children” This is LSZ’s name for the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒藥證直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” a Song 宋 dynasty pediatric text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” AN originally Qian

536 shi xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 錢氏小兒藥證真訣, “Mr. Qian’s Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children.” Written by → Qian Yi 錢乙, organized by his disciple → Yan Xiaozhong 閻孝忠. DC 1119. 3 juan. Juan 1 is a discussion of symptoms, juan 2 a set of case records of frequently treated diseases, and juan 3 provides recipes. LSZ never refers to the work by its full name but, in connection with one of Qian Yi’s names, calls it Xiao er zhi jue [6], Zhi jue 直訣, “Straightforward Instructions,” [2], Xiao er fang 小兒方, “Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” [12], Qian shi xiao er fang 錢 氏小兒方, “Mr. Qian’s Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” [11], Xiao er 小 兒, “Children,” [1], or Xiao er fang jue 小兒方訣, “Recipe Instructions for [the Treatment of ] Children,” [1]. He also refers to the work as Qian Yi fang 錢乙方, “Recipes of Qian Yi,” [3], as Qian shi fang 錢氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Qian,” [3], and by the author’s name alone as Qian Yi [12], Qian shi 錢氏, “Mr. Qian,” [5], or Qian Zhongyang 錢仲陽 [7]. Xiao fu ma 蕭駙馬, “Xiao, the Emperor’s Son-in-law” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. Personal name unknown. He was apparently cured from edema by pills with ting li zi 葶藶子. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要 方 cites this event from the → Cui shi fang 崔氏方. Xiao jing yuan shen qi 孝經援神契, “Token for rescuing the Spirit in the Classic of Filial Piety” [2] Anonymous Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” 7 juan. This is one of the apocryphal texts related to the Xiao jing 孝經, “Classic of Filial Piety.” These works used mystical ideas to interpret the classics. The original text is lost, but fragments are found in the → Chu xue ji 初學記, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. An incomplete version is found in the → Shuo fu 説郛. The book is also listed in the Ming period Gu wei shu 古微書, “Book of Ancient Subtleties.” LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Xiao Jingguan fang 蕭靜觀方, “recipes of Xiao Jingguan” Source of recipes, probably not a book. EE BCGM. LSZ makes the Xiao Jingguan fang [1] a book title in his bibliographical sections and quotes a Ge Jingguan fang 葛靜觀方, “Recipes of Ge Jingguan,” [1] in the main text, which is probably an error. It is to be assumed that Xiao Jingguan 蕭靜觀 was the person who transmitted the recipe. No information is available on any person of that name. Xiao Liaozhen 蕭了真 [3] This is the literary name of Xiao Tingzhi 蕭廷芝 (AV Xiao Tingzhi 蕭廷之), a Southern Song 宋 dynasty Daoist. Style name Yuanrui 元瑞, literary name Zixu 紫虛, “Purple Vacuity,” or Liaozhen zi 了真子, “Master of Completed Perfection.” He was a second-generation disciple of the Southern Song Daoist patriarch Bai Yuchan 白玉蟾 and the author of the Jin dan da cheng ji 金丹大成 集, “Collection of the Great Compendium of the Golden Elixir,” (→ Jin dan da cheng 金丹大成).

537 Xiao pin 小品 → Xiao pin fang 小品方 Xiao pin fang 小品方, “recipes from the Small Essays” Jin 晉 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Chen Yanzhi 陳 延之 (once mistakenly attributed to → Chen Linqiu 陳廩丘 by LSZ). AN Jing fang xiao pin 經方小品, “Small Essays on Classical Recipes.” The book was one of the obligatory texts for Tang 唐 dynasty medical officials. The original text is lost and only an incomplete version survives, but fragments are preserved in the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → TJBC, and the → ZLBC, from where LSZ takes his material. He refers to the text as Xiao pin fang [42] and as Xiao pin 小品, “Small Essays,” [14]. Xiao Shi 蕭史 [1] Spring and Autumn period shaman from the state of Qin 秦, a contemporary of → Qin Mu gong 秦穆公. He once used qian fen 鉛粉 to prepare an “elixir of floating clouds” (fei yun dan 飛雲丹) for cosmetic application. This is recorded in the → Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今注 of Ma Gao 馬縞, the → Shi wu ji yuan 事物紀原, and other books. LSZ cites the story in SE shui yin fen 水銀粉 but does not specify his source. Xiao shuo 小説, “Minor Tales” Literary genre recording curious and trivial phenomena, events, etc. Used by LSZ as a source for information on medical recipes, pharmaceutical substances or illnesses, e.g., in SE long 龍: “In xiao shuo literature it is said that the nature of dragon is rough and fierce, that he loves beautiful jade and green malachite, and that he has a special liking for the meat of swallows.” A lot of brush note literature (bi ji 筆記) resembles this type of text, and minor tales of a certain era are commonly identified by association with their time of compilation. Following this custom, LSZ speaks of → Tang xiao shuo 唐小説 [3] but also refers to Xiao shuo [3] more generally. Xiao shuo 消説, “Explanation of Saltpeter” [1] An explanation on saltpeter (xiao shi 硝石), not the name of a text. The → TJBC states: “When the physicians in the South discuss saltpeter, there are some that have slightly different [views], they have a saying that goes…” (nan fang yi ren lun xiao huo xiao yi, you zhu shuo yun 南方醫人論消或小異，有著説云). LSZ takes this over as “the physicians in the south have written an ‘explanation of saltpeter’” (nan fang yi ren zhu xiao shuo 南方醫人著消説) The term zhu shuo 著 説 in the TJBC was not meant to imply that someone had written a book, therefore LSZ’s reference to a text titled Xiao shuo is incorrect. Xiao ya 小雅 → Shi jing 詩經 Xiao Xianming 蕭顯明 (6th century) [1] This is the style name of Xiao Xin 蕭欣, a scholar of the Northern Zhou 周 dynasty, grandson of the younger brother of → Liang Wu di 梁武帝. He held various posts, including that of Director of the Department of State Affairs (shang shu ling 尚書令). Author of a now lost → Liang shi 梁史.

538 Xiao zhao 小招, “Lesser Summons” [1] This is the section Zhao hun 招魂, “Summoning the Hun Soul,” in the → Chu ci 楚辭, which was renamed to Xiao zhao to make it correspond to the → Da zhao 大招. LSZ cites a sentence from the Xiao zhao in SE ji 雞 and attributes it to → Song Yu 宋玉. Xiao Zhu 蕭注 [1] Northern Song 宋 high official, fl. mid-11th century. Style name Yanfu 巖夫, a man of Xin yu 新喻 in Lin jiang 臨江, now Xin yu 新余 in Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi 1046. According to the → Chun zhu ji wen 春渚紀聞, he conquered the “Southern Barbarians” (nan man 南蠻) and obtained a salt dragon. LSZ cites this second hand in SE yan long 鹽龍. Xiaoshan 小山 → Li Lou 李樓 Xiaoshan qi fang 小山奇方 → Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Xiaoxiao 小小 → Zhang Xiao 張小 Xie 契 [2] Person of ancient times, the legendary progenitor of the Shang 商 dynasty lineage. His mother → Jian Di 簡狄 is said to have fallen pregnant after she swallowed the egg of a dark bird. Eventually her thorax split open and she gave birth to Xie. Xie an 謝安 (320-385) [1] Eastern Jin 晉 high official. Style name Anshi 安石, a man of Yang xia 陽夏 in Chen jun 陳郡, now Tai kang 太康 in He nan 河南. He later moved to Kuai ji 會稽, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Served as Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰相). The Shi shuo xin yu 世説新語, “New Accounts of Tales of the World,” (→ Shi shuo 世説) relates the story of someone asking Xie why polygala root (yuan zhi 遠志) was known under two names. Before Xie could reply, Hao Long 郝隆 answered: “If you stay, you will be someone with a far reaching mind; if you leave, you will be but a small herb” (chu ze wei yuan zhi chu ze wei xiao cao 處則為遠志出則為小草). LSZ takes this saying over but erroneously attributes Hao’s answer to Xie An. Xie Cheng 謝承 (3rd century) [3] Man of the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Weiping 偉平, a man of Kuai ji 會稽 in Shan yin 山陰, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He held court and regional offices and was the author of the → Xu Han shu 續漢書 and a Kuai ji xian xian zhuan 會稽先賢傳, “Biographies of Former Worthy Persons of Kuai ji,” both lost. Xie daoren 謝道人, “daoist Xie” [3] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist or Buddhist monk called Xie 謝 by his secular name. He lived in Qi zhou 齊州 and received medical training in India by Buddhist monks. Author of a → Tian zhu jing 天竺經 cited in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方.

539 Xie Lingyun 謝靈運 (385-433) [1] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty poet. Originally from Yang xia 陽夏 in Chen jun 陳郡, now Tai kang 太康 in He nan 河南, he later moved to Kuai ji 會稽, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. A collection of his poetry existed, but the original has been lost. Scattered fragments are preserved in various books. LSZ, in SE zhi zi 卮子, cites a fragment of a Shan ju fu 山居賦, “Rhapsody on Dwelling in the Mountains,” annotated by Xie himself. Xie pu 蟹譜, “Crab Treatise” [4] Northern Song 宋 text. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Fu Gong 傅 肱. DC 1059. 2 juan. The book records stories connected with crabs. It is selected from older literature and lists the names of crabs, their varieties, harvesting, and cooking methods. Xie renbo 謝任伯 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. LSZ mentions his death following the ingestion of cinnabar in SE zhu sha 朱砂, citing second hand from the → Bi shu lu 避暑錄. Xie shi 謝氏 → Xie shi xiao er fang 謝氏小兒方 Xie shi 薤詩, “Poem on Shallots” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Qiu ri Ruan Yinju zhi xie san shi shu 秋日阮隱居致薤 三十束, “On an Autumn Day Ruan the Recluse Brings Thirty Bunches of Shallots,” a Tang 唐 dynasty poem. Written by → Du Fu 杜甫. The text is contained in annotated editions of the Du gong bu ji 杜工部集, “Collection of [Mr.] Du from the Ministry of Works,” (→ Du Zi mei ji 杜子美集), but it is also cited in the → Nong shu 農書 of Wang Zhen 王禎 and as Xie Ruan Yinju zhi sui 謝阮隱 居致薤, “Thanking Ruan the Recluse for Bringing Shallots,” in the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚. LSZ cites the poem in SE xie 薤. Xie shi xiao er fang 謝氏小兒方, “Mr. Xie’s recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children” [1] Source of citation for LSZ. EE BCGM. No information on authorship or DC available. The book is not listed in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM but one recipe is quoted in the main text. This was taken from the → Yu ji wei yi 玉機 微義 of → Liu Chun 劉純, who refers the same recipe directly to a Xie shi 謝氏, “Mr. Xie,” without mentioning any book called Xie shi xiao er fang. So LSZ must simply be referring to a recipe used by a Mr. Xie in the treatment of children. Xie Shitai 謝士泰 [2] Physician of the Sui 隋 dynasty or before, also called Xie Shitai 謝士太. The Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” lists his → Shan fan fang 刪繁方. Further information unavailable. Xie Shuqian 解叔謙 [1] Liu Song 劉宋 and Qi 齊 dynasty person. Style name Chuliang 楚梁, a man of Yan men 雁門, in the west of present-day Dai xian 代縣 in Shan xi 山西. According to the → Nan shi 南史, he cured his mother’s illness with ding gong teng 丁公藤. LSZ cites this in SE nan teng 南藤.

540 Xie Zhongyu 謝仲玉 [1] Person of the Five Dynasties period or before. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Ji shen lu 稽神錄, he once saw a mermaid whose upper half was a woman and lower half a fish. LSZ cites this second hand in SE di yu 䱱魚. Xie zhu zheng qi 謝术蒸啓, “Letter Thanking for a Steamed [Preparation of ] atractylodes” [1] Title of a letter. AN originally Da Tao Yinju lai zhu zheng qi 答陶隱居賚术蒸 啟, “Letter in Response to Tao Yinju Bestowing Me with a Steamed [Preparation of ] Atractylodes.” Written by → Yu Jianwu 庾肩吾 of Southern Liang 梁. This letter is shorter than the same author’s → Da Tao Yinju lai zhu jian qi 答陶 隱居賚术煎啓 and expresses his gratitude towards → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 for providing him with an atractylodes preparation of exquisite taste and scent. LSZ quotes it in SE zhu 术. Xin 訢 → Yan 訮 Xin chuan fang 心傳方 → Chuan xin fang 傳心方 Xin fa fu yu 心法附餘 → Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘 Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒 (1140-1207) This is the literary name of Xin Qiji 辛棄疾, a Southern Song 宋 official and poet. Style name You’an 幼安. In SE yi yi 薏苡, LSZ cites a story about Xin curing himself from an “elevation-illness” (shan ji 疝疾) and later transmitting the recipe to → Cheng Shasui 程沙隨, but he erroneously attributes the material to the → Juan you lu 倦游錄 instead of the → You huan ji wen 游宦紀聞. Xin is referred to as Xin Jiaxuan [1] and as Jiaxuan 稼軒 [1]. Xin jian 心鑒 → Quan you xin jian 全幼心鑒 Xin jian yi 辛諫議, “remonstrator Xin” [1] Northern Song 宋 official in Cheng du 成都. Personal name unknown. He once suffered from “massive wind” (da feng 大風) and was cured by a recipe prepared by →Kang Daofeng 康道豐. Xin jing 心鏡 → Shi yi xin jing 食醫心鏡 Xin luo seng 新羅僧 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty monk from Xin luo 新羅, that is, Silla in Korea. Personal name unknown. According to the → Wei ling xian zhuan 威靈仙傳, he cured a person in Shang zhou 商州 who had lost control over the movements of his hands and feet. LSZ cites this in SE wei ling xian 威靈仙. Xin rensun 辛壬遜 → Xin Yinsun 辛夤孫 Xin shi 辛氏, “Mr. Xin” [2] Probably Han 漢 dynasty author of the → San Qin ji 三秦記, first mentioned in a citation in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注. Further information unavailable. Xin Shisun 辛士遜 → Xin Yinsun 辛夤孫

541 Xin shu 新書, “New Book” [2] Political science book. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” AN Jia zi 賈子, “Master Jia.” The work is attributed to → Jia Yi 賈誼 of Eastern Han 漢. 10 juan. It summarizes the reasons for the failure of the Qin 秦 dynasty and offers advice for the proper administration of state affairs. The original book is partly lost. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Xin tong 心統 → Huo ren xin tong 活人心統 Xin xiao fang 信效方, “Verified Efficacious recipes” [2] Abbreviation for the Chong guang bao sheng xin xiao fang 重廣保生信效方, “Repeatedly Expanded Reliable Efficacious Recipes to Preserve Life,” a medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Abbreviated title also Bao sheng xin xiao fang 保生信效方, “Verified Efficacious Recipes to Preserve Life.” Written by → Yan Xiaozhong 閻孝忠. DC late Northern Song 宋. 1 juan. The book imitates the structure of the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, providing for each recipe a successful case history or a person who transmitted it, hence the title “verified and efficacious” (xin xiao 信效). The original book is lost, but fragments are quoted in Song, Yuan 元, and early Ming 明 texts such as the → Ben shi fang 本事方, the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, or the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. The → Yi shuo 醫説 quotes from it a recipe with saltpeter to bring down a dead fetus, and LSZ takes this over in SE pu xiao 朴消, splitting the material up into two separate recipes. Xin yinsun 辛夤孫 Scholar of the Han lin 翰林 Academy of Later Shu 蜀 during the Five Dynasties period. According to the → Ye ren xian hua 野人閑話, he met the Celestial Master Shen 申 in a dream and obtained a method of ingesting apricot kernels from him. LSZ cites this in SE xing 杏, but in the Jin ling 金陵 edition Xin’s name is erroneously written Xin Shisun 辛士遜 [1] and in the Jiang xi 江西 edition Xin Rensun 辛壬遜. Xin youzhi 辛祐之 → Li Youzhi 李祐之 Xing Bing 邢昺 (932-1010) [4] Northern Song 宋 dynasty scholar of classical learning. Style name Shuming 叔明, a man of Ji yin 濟陰 in Cao zhou 曹州 located in the northwest of present-day Tao xi 陶西 in Shan dong 山東. Xing became a first class jin shi during the tai ping xing guo 太平興囯 reign period (976-983) and after that rose to high positions in the Ministry of Rites. He was the author of the Lun yu zheng yi 論 語正義, “Correct Meanings of the Lun yu,” a Xiao jing zheng yi 孝經正義, “Correct Meanings of the Xiao jing,” and an → Er ya shu 爾雅疏, all of which were included into the Qing 清 collection Shi san jing zhu shu 十三經注疏, “Annotations and Commentaries to the Thirteen Classics.” LSZ, in his bibliography, mentions Xing as one of the authors of the → Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏. He also refers to the Er ya shu directly. Xing Caojin 刑曹進 → Xing Caojin 邢曹進

542 Xing Caojin 邢曹進 According to legend, a powerful general serving in He shuo 河朔 under → Tang Dai zong 唐代宗 (r. 762-779) and → Tang De zong 德宗 (r. 780-804). According to the → Ji yi ji 集異記, he once dreamed of a divine monk who taught him a recipe with sugarcubes to pull a metal arrowhead out of his eye. LSZ cites this in SE yi tang 飴糖 but in the Jin ling 金陵 edition erroneously writes Xing’s name Xing Caojin 刑曹進 [1], a mistake that was corrected in later editions of the BCGM. Xing cha lu 星槎錄 → Xing cha sheng lan 星槎勝覽 Xing cha sheng lan 星槎勝覽, “an Overall Survey of the Star raft” Ming 明 dynasty book. Written by → Fei Xin 費信. DC 1436. 2 parts. The author had accompanied Zheng He 鄭和 on his voyages and created his own report on the basis of personal experiences and earlier works. The text describes geography, administration, and local customs and products of 40 countries in Asia and Africa and contains much historical material on China’s interaction with these areas. LSZ cites the book as Xing cha sheng lan [5] and incorrectly as Xing cha lu 星槎 錄, “Star Raft Record,” [1]. Xing cheng ji 行程記, “record of a Journey” [3] Abbreviation for the lost Yu tian guo xing cheng ji 於闐國行程記, “Record of a Journey to Khotan,” a Five Dynasties period collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆 記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Yu tian guo xing cheng lu 於闐國行程錄, “Record of a Journey to Khotan.” Written by Ping Juhui 平居誨 (AV Gao Juhui 高居誨). DC Later Jin 晉. Between 938 and 942 the minister → Zhang Kuangye 張匡鄴 went on an embassy to Khotan, ordering Ping Juhui to accompany him. After their return, Ping wrote down events and geographical features encountered on the way to create the Xing cheng ji. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the→ TJBC. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and in his main text but mistakenly attributes the text to Zhang Kuangye. Apart from citing second hand from the TJBC, LSZ seems to have combined material on sal ammoniac (nao sha 硇砂) from two different sources, the Gao chang ji xing 高昌紀 行, “Travel Notes from Gao chang,” and the → Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統 志, for his citation. Xing daoren 邢道人, “daoist Xing” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist. Personal name unknown, resided at Qing cheng 青城 mountain. He once cured the “heart heat” (xin re 心熱) of Emperor → Tang Wu zong 唐武宗 with juice pressed from a pear. LSZ cites this in SE li 梨. Xing Hepu zhenren 邢和璞真人, “Xing Hepu the Perfected One” [1] Designation for Xing Hepu 邢和璞, a Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist. Fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756). According to the → Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適用方, he regularly ingested yan nian cao 延年草. LSZ cites this in SE ju 橘.

543 Xing li da quan 性理大全, “Great Compendium on Nature and Principle” [1] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Hu Guang 胡廣 and others at the orders of Ming Cheng zu 明成祖. DC 1415. 70 juan. The book collects material by 120 Song Confucianists. The first 26 juan contain nine entire books such as the Tai ji tu shuo 太機圖説, “Explanations of the Diagram of the Great Ultimate,” and the → Huang ji jing shi shu 皇極經世書. The remainder of the book, from juan 27 on, is divided into 13 headings devoted to topics like principle (li 理) and qi 氣, supernatural beings, natural principles, Confucian orthodoxy, sages, Confucian figures, etc. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without indicating an author. He does not cite it directly in his main text. Xing lin zhai yao 杏林摘要, “Selection of Essentials from the apricot Forest” [12] Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Bai chuan shu zhi 百川書志, “The Hundred Streams Bibliography.” AN Xing lin zhai yao fang 杏林摘要方, “Recipes from the Selection of Essentials from the Apricot Forest.” Written by an otherwise unknown → Wang Ying 王英. 1 juan. The book was still recorded in the Qing 清 dynasty Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall,” but was apparently lost after that. Xing qin 星禽 → Yan qin shu 演禽書 Xing qin shu 星禽書 → Yan qin shu 演禽書 Xing qin zhen xing tu 星禽真形圖 → Yan qin shu 演禽書 Xing Tanzhai 邢坦齋 → Tanzhai bi heng 坦齋筆衡 Xing ying za ji 行營雜記 → Xing ying za lu 行營雜錄 Xing ying za lu 行營雜錄, “Miscellaneous records of a Moving Camp” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Shuo fu 説郛, which preserves the entire text. Written by → Zhao Kui 趙葵. 1 juan. LSZ erroneously lists the text as Xing ying za ji 行營雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of a Moving Camp,” [1] in his bibliographical sections and calls the author Zhao Cai 趙蔡. He does refer to it correctly as Xing ying za lu [1] by Zhao Kui in the main text, taking his material from the Shuo fu. The book records anecdotes and tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説) from the transition period between Northern and Southern Song. Xiong shi 熊氏, “Mr. Xiong”  [13] In connection with the → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦人良 方補遺, this is → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立. In addition, recipes attributed to a Mr. Xiong in SE chi xiao dou 赤小豆 and SE wu bei zi 五倍子 are taken from Xiong Zongli’s Shan ju bian yi fang 山居便宜方, “Recipes for Convenient Use when Dwelling in the Mountains.” The origin of another recipe in SE shu 鼠 remains uncertain.  [1] In → Xiong shi li ji shu 熊氏禮記疏, this is Xiong Ansheng 熊安生 (499578), a Confucian scholar and prolific writer. Style name Zhizhi 植之, a man of

544 Fu cheng 阜城 in Chang le 長樂 in present-day Fu jian 福建. His commentary to the → Li ji 禮記 was frequently cited by later commentators. Xiong shi bu yi 熊氏補遺 → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦人良方補遺 Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦人良方補遺, “Supplement by Mr. Xiong to the Good recipes for Women” Ming 明 dynasty gynecological text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” This was an expansion by → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立 of the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 by → Chen Ziming 陳自明. DC 15th century. 24 juan. Xiong’s additional explanations to the original text are clearly indicated. LSZ cites the work as Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi [1], as Fu ren liang fang bu yi 婦人良方補遺, “Supplement to the Good Recipes for Women,” [1], as Xiong shi bu yi 熊氏補遺, “Supplement by Mr. Xiong,” [9], as Liang fang bu yi 良方補 遺, “Supplement to the Good Recipes” [1], as Bu yi fang 補遺方, “Supplemented Recipes,” [1], or simply by the name of the author as Xiong shi 熊氏, “Mr. Xiong,” [3]. Xiong shi li ji shu 熊氏禮記疏, “Mr. Xiong’s Commentary to the Li ji” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Li ji yi shu 禮記義疏, “Commentary on the Meanings of the Li ji.”, a Northern Zhou 周 commentary on the → Li ji 禮記. FE Zhou shu 周書, “History of the Zhou” (biography of Xiong Ansheng 熊安生). Written by Xiong Ansheng (→ Xiong shi 熊氏 ). 40 juan. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites one fragment in the main text. Xiong Taigu 熊太古 (14th century) [10] Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 official. A man of Yu zhang 豫章 in present-day Jiang xi 江西, jin shi during the late Yuan. He held a regional office under the Yuan but did not serve after the establishment of the Ming. Author of the travelogue Ji Yue ji ji 冀越集記, “Collected Records from Ji and Yue,” (→ Ji Yue ji 冀越集). Xiong yancheng 熊彥誠 [1] Southern Song 宋 physician, fl. during the chun xi 淳熙 reign period (1174-1189). A man of Rao zhou 饒州, now Shang rao 上饒 in Jiang xi 江西. He once suffered from a very critical condition of blocked urination and defecation but was cured by external application of river snails below the navel. Xiong Zongli 熊宗立 (1409-1481) Ming 明 dynasty publisher and medical expert. Style name Daozong 道宗, also Daoxuan 道軒, literary name Wuting zi 勿聽子, “The Master Who Does not Listen,” a man of Jian yang 建陽 in present-day Fu jian 福建. Xiong Zongli is said to have been studious from childhood on, with a special interest in the → Zhou yi 周易, divination, and medicine. His grandfather Xiong Yanming 熊彥 明 owned a publishing house and printed various medical books. Xiong Zongli took over the printing business from him, compiling and editing a great number of medical works, e.g., the Wang Shuhe mai jue tu yao su jue 王叔和脈訣圖要俗 解, “Popular Explanations to the Illustrated Essentials of Wang Shuhe’s Rhymed Instructions on the [Movements in the] Vessels,” the famous → Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦人良方補遺, the Xin kan ming fang lei zheng yi fang da

545 quan 新刊名方類證醫方大全, “Newly Published Categorized Famous Recipes from the Great Compendium of Medical Recipes,” the Bu zeng ben cao ge kuo 補增本草歌括, “Supplemented Versified Directions for Materia Medica,” (cf. → Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括), and a Yao xing fu bu yi 藥性賦補遺, “Supplement to the Rhapsody on the Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances,” (cf. → Yao xing fu 藥性賦 ). He was also the author of a book on simple and single-ingredient recipes, the Shan ju bian yi fang 山居便宜方, “Recipes for Convenient Use when Dwelling in the Mountains,” which LSZ cites two recipes from. LSZ refers to Xiong as Xiong Zongli [1] and as → Xiong shi 熊氏 [13]. Xiu Xiuzi 休休子 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. A man of Lu shan 廬山 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Details about his life are unavailable. He transmitted a recipe for a wine with chang song 長松, which is documented in the → Han shi yi tong 韓氏醫通 and was taken over by LSZ. Xiu yang shu 修養書 → Za xiu yang shu 雜修養書 Xiu yi 修已 [1] Person of ancient times, the mother of Yu 禹 the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹). According to a commentary by → Gan Bao 干寶 in the → Shi ji 史記, Xiu Yi’s back cracked open and she gave birth to Yu. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀 Xiu zhen 袖珍 → Xiu zhen fang 袖珍方 Xiu zhen fang 袖珍方, “Precious recipes to Be Kept up the Sleeve” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Xiu zhen fang da quan 袖 珍方大全, “Great Compendium of Precious Recipes to Be Kept up the Sleeve,” Zhou fu xiu zhen fang 周府袖珍方, “Precious Recipes from the Zhou Palace to be Kept up the Sleeve.” Written by Li Heng 李恒 (style name Bochang 伯常) and other “excellent doctors” (liang yi 良醫) of the Zhou official residence (Zhou fu 周府) under the aegis of prince → Zhou Ding wang 周定王. Printed 1415. 4 juan. Zhu Xiao was dispatched to Yun nan 雲南 in 1390, where he encountered many cases of epidemic diseases. Frustrated with the incompetence of village doctors, he ordered the compilation of the Xiu zhen fang. The text is arranged according to disease and contains 3077 recipes, many of which were taken from earlier works but also some that were developed at the Zhou prince’s palace itself. Each entry starts with a short essay and is followed by information on the differentiation of symptoms and disease causes and a list of appropriate recipes. LSZ frequently cites the book as Xiu zhen fang [45] and as Xiu zhen 袖珍, “Treasures to Be Kept up the Sleeve,” [9]. Xiu zhen mi jue 修真秘訣, “Secret Instructions to Cultivate the True” [1] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” bibliographical treatise of the Yu hai 玉海, “Jade Ocean.” Attributed to → Yingyang zi 潁陽子. 12 juan. One recipe, the “three spirits pill” (san shen wan 三神丸), is cited in the → ZLBC. This formula is also found in the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方, but without any indica-

546 tion of the Xiu zhen mi jue as a source. LSZ follows the ZLBC in listing the text in his bibliographical sections. He attributes it to Yingyang zi but erroneously writes the author’s name Yingyang zi 穎陽子. In the main text, LSZ does not refer to the text directly but cites the “three spirits pill” as from the He ji ju fang. The composition of the formula is the same as the Xiu zhen mi jue recipe cited in the ZLBC, but the indications and the style of writing correspond to the material given in the He ji ju fang. Xiu zhen mi zhi 修真秘旨, “Secret Instructions for Those Who Cultivate the True” [5] Lost Song 宋 dynasty Daoist book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. AN Xiu zhen mi jue 修真秘訣, “Secret Instructions to Cultivate the True.” Written by Nie Daoyuan 聶道元 (AV Nie Shaoyuan 聶紹元). According to the Jiang nan tong zhi 江南通志, “Comprehensive Gazetteer of Jiang nan,” Nie was a man of Xi 歙 (now Xi xian 歙縣 in An hui 安徽) and, apart from the Xiu zhen mi zhi, also who wrote a Zong xing lun 宗性論, “Discourse on Venerating the Nature [of Things].” The ZLBC preserves some single ingredient recipes, and LSZ takes these over. He also lists the text in his bibliography without any indication of an author. Xiu zhen xiao er fang 袖珍小兒方, “Precious recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children to Be Kept up the Sleeve” [1] Early Ming 明 pediatric text. FE Dan sheng tang shu mu 澹生堂書目, “Catalogue of Dan sheng Hall.” Written by → Xu Yongxuan 徐用宣. Printed 1390. 10 juan. The text starts off with diagnostic means such as pulse diagnosis, facial diagnosis, and inspection of the flexion creases of the fingers. It then discusses typical pediatric diseases, febrile diseases, and disorders of the sensory organs followed by illustration of different types of smallpox and acumoxa techniques. It is divided into 72 chapters with 624 recipes. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not seem to cite it in his main text. Xiu zhen zhi nan 修真指南, “Guide to the Cultivation of the True” [2] Lost book. See bibliography of the BCGM. The book is neither found in the standard bibliographies nor is it cited in any work prior to the BCGM. LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. Xixi cong hua 西溪叢話, “Collected Talks of [yao] Xixi” [4] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” The Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness,” lists the work under its original name as Yao shi can yu 姚氏 殘語, “Fragmentary Conversations with Mr. Yao.” From Ming 明 times on the book was listed as Xixi cong yu 西溪叢語, “Collected Conversations with [Yao] Xixi.” Written by → Yao Kuan 姚寬. 2 juan. The book corrected many older texts, often defining their contents more precisely. It also contains some material on names and origins of medicinals and includes parts of lost works like the → Fu gong tu 伏汞圖 or the → Fen tu 粉圖. These rare texts are quoted by LSZ from Yao’s collection to ascertain the origins of medicinals.

547 Xiyu daoren 西域道人, “daoist of the Western regions” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist. Personal name unknown. He is said to have introduced a recipe with xian mao 仙茅 to China. This recipe came into the hands of → Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 who transmitted it to various other people. LSZ cites this in SE xian mao 仙茅. Xiyu zhenren 西域真人 → Wang Chang 王常 Xu Baiyun 許白雲 (1270-1337) [1] This is LSZ’s designation for Xu Qian 許謙, a late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 dynasties scholar. Style name Yizhi 益之, literary name in his old age Baiyun shanren 白雲山人, “Hermit of Mount Bai yun,” also called Baiyun shan xiansheng 白雲 山先生, “Gentleman of Mount Bai yun,” or Xu Baiyun. A man of Jin hua 金華 in Wu zhou 婺州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He was a fourth generation disciple of Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子) and was considered a Confucian scholar of great learning. LSZ claims that Xu instructed → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 in the Neo-Confucian Learning of Principle (li xue 理學) and encouraged the latter to study medicine. Xu Benzhai 徐本齋 → Xu Muzhai 徐木齋 Xu Biao 徐表 [14] Tang 唐 or pre-Tang man, author of the → Nan zhou ji 南州記. Further details unavailable. Possibly identical with Xu Zhong 徐衷, who is sometimes attributed a Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀, “Forms of Herbs and Trees of the Southern Regions,” or → Nan fang cao wu zhuang 南方草物狀. Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志, “Sequel to the Monograph on a Wide range of Things” [9] Song 宋 dynasty collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Si ku quan shu zong mu ti yao 四庫全書總目提要, “Index and General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.” Written by → Li Shi 李石. DC shao xing 紹興 to qian dao 乾道 reign periods (1131-1173). 10 juan. The book is kept in the style of the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  and apparently sought to supplement stories not told in that work. Xu Bowei 許伯威 [1] Yuan 元 dynasty man. In 1280 he fell ill and was treated by → Wang Haogu 王 好古. The story is found in the → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草 and is taken over by LSZ. Xu Boyu fang 徐伯玉方, “recipe of Xu Boyu” [1] Source of pharmaceutical recipes. LSZ lists a recipe with macerated salt for external application to treat poisonous snake bites in SE shi yan 食鹽, naming a Xu Boyu fang as his source. The only Ming 明 or pre-Ming reference to any Xu Boyu fang is one in the ZLBC, but the material cited differs from that provided in the BCGM. Xu Boyu appears to have lived during the Northern Song 宋 or earlier, details about his life are unavailable. However, the use of macerated salt for external application to treat bee stings and centipede bites is documented in much earlier texts such as the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘后備急方 and the → Qian jin

548 bei ji fang 千金備急方, so LSZ’s reference to a Xu Boyu fang as a source for such a recipe may be an error. Xu Changqing 徐長卿 [1] Apart from constituting the name of a pharmaceutical drug, i.e., Cynanchum paniculatum, this is the name of a person mentioned in SE xu chang qing 徐長 卿. LSZ states that he continuously ingested this substance and that therefore it was named after him. Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方, “Sequel to the recipes Transmitted with Verification” [11] Southern Tang 唐 medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Wang Yan 王顔. DC 10th century. 10 juan. This book, as its title implies, is a sequel to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 of the Tang literatus → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫. The author collected recipes considered proven and marked each recipe with the surname of the person who had transmitted it to him. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → TJBC, which sometimes calls the author Wang Yan and sometimes (incorrectly) Wang Shaoyan 王紹顔. LSZ cites the book second hand from the → ZLBC but refers to the author only as Wang Shaoyan. One second hand citation of a Xu chuan xin fang by Liu Yuxi in SE mi la 蜜蠟 is actually an erroneous reference to Liu’s original Chuan xin fang. Xu daoheng 徐道亨 [1] Song 宋 dynasty man of Ding hai 定海 in Ming zhou 明州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. During the chun xi 淳熙 reign period (1174-1189), he suffered from an eye disease and was cured by pills with sheeps liver that were given to him by a monk appearing in a dream. The story is recorded in the → Yi shuo 醫説, which cites from the → Lei shuo 類説, and LSZ takes this over. Xu du si 徐都司, “regional Military Commissioner Xu” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. He once obtained a recipe to dissolve “smallpox poison” (dou du 痘毒) from someone in Zhe jiang 浙江 and passed it on to → Li Jie 李捷. Xu feng yu 許奉御, “Chief Steward Xu” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty medical official of the zhen guan 貞觀 reign period (627-649). According to the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要, when → Zhang Wenzhong 張文仲 was still young he once was treated by the brothers of Xu feng yu as well as some physicians called Chai 柴 and Jiang 蔣 (referred to by LSZ as the Chai Jiang zhu ming yi 柴蔣諸名醫, “All the Famous Physicians Chai and Jiang” [1]). Looking at the Chief Stewards serving in the imperial pharmacy during the zhen guan and yong hui 永徽 reign periods (650-655), we find a Xu Xiaochong 許 孝崇 as well as two other medical officials surnamed Xu: Xu Hongzhi 許弘直 and Xu Honggan 許弘感. At the same time physicians surnamed Jiang serving in the imperial pharmacy included the Chief Stewart in the Palace Medical Service (shang yao feng yu 尚藥奉御) Jiang Jizhang 蔣季璋, the Supervisor of the Pharmacy of Heir Apparent (tai zi yao zang jian 太子藥藏監) Jiang Jiyu 蔣季

549 瑜, the Pharmacy Deputy Supervisor (yao zang jian cheng 藥藏監丞) Jiang Yifang 蔣義方, the Imperial Physician (tai yi ling 太醫令) Jiang Jiwan 蔣季琬, and the Aide to the Imperial Physician (tai yi cheng 太醫丞) Jiang Maochang 蔣茂 昌. All these persons were among the editors of the Xin xiu ben cao 新修本草, “Newly Revised Materia Medica,” (→ Tang ben cao 唐本草). A renowned physician with the family name Chai 柴 could not be identified. Xu Guang 徐廣 (352-425) [1] Jin 晉 and Liu Song 劉宋 official and historiographer. Style name Yemin 野民. Xu’s ancestral home was in Jin ling 晉陵 in modern Jiang su 江蘇, but he grew up in Jing kou 京口, now Zhen jiang 鎮江 in Jiang su. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties period he served as a Grand Master of Palace Leisure (zhong san dai fu 中散大夫) for Liu Song. Author of the Shi ji yin yi 史記音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning in the Records of the Grand Scribe.” When the → TJBC quotes Xu Guang’s annotations to the → Shi ji 史記, this is always a reference to the Shi ji yin yi. LSZ takes one comment over in SE shi 蓍. Xu Han shu 續漢書, “History of the Second Han” Private history of the Eastern Han dynasty, the earliest of its kind. AN Hou Han shu 後漢書, “History of the Later Han.” Written by → Xie Cheng 謝承 from the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. 130 juan (AV 133 juan). The book, written in annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體), recorded the entire period of Eastern Han 漢 but lacked the usual imperial annals (di ji 帝紀). The original text is lost, but fragments are found in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other sources. Based on these fragments, LSZ cites the book as Xu Han shu [5], as Hou Han shu [1], and also refers to an individual section of the work, the Xu Han wu xing zhi 續漢五行志, “Treatise on the Five Phases in the [History of the] Second Han,” [1]. Xu Han wu xing zhi 續漢五行志 → Xu Han shu 續漢書 Xu Hong 許洪 [2] Southern Song 宋 medical official and expert in pharmaceutics. Style name Keda 可大, a man of Wu yi 武夷, now Chong an 崇安 in Fu jian 福建. He is said to have been a third-generation physician and gained a teaching post at the imperial academy of medicine in 1208. Because of his expertise in pharmaceutics, he was put in charge of the identification of pharmaceutical substances at the pharmaceutical bureau in the capital of Hang zhou 杭州. In this capacity he expanded and annotated the imperial → He ji ju fang 和劑局方. Xu was also the author of a → He ji zhi nan zong lun 和劑指南總論 which precedes the text of the He ji ju fang. Xu Huan 許渾 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poet and high official. Style name Yonghui 用晦. Originally from An lu 安陸, now An lu city in Hu bei 湖北, but later resided in Dan yang 丹陽 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Jin shi 832. From 849 on he held posts such as Investigating Censor (jian cha yu shi 監察御史) or prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Mu zhou 睦州 and Ying zhou 郢州. He published a poetry collection titled Ding

550 mao ji 丁卯集, “Ding mao Collection.” One of its poems, the Ji ti Shang luo Wang Yinju 寄題商洛王隠居, “Question Sent to Wang the Recluse of Shang luo,” contains the line “follow the bee to gather wild honey; pursue the deer to gather sheng xiang” (sui feng shou ye mi xun lu cai sheng xiang 隨蜂收野蜜尋麝採生香). The → ZLBC cites this, and LSZ takes it over in SE lu 麝. Xu Ji 徐積 → Xu Zhen 徐稹 Xu Jian 徐堅 (659-729) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Yuangu 元固, a man of Chang cheng 長城 in Hu zhou 湖州, now Hu zhou in Zhe jiang 浙江. He held high court offices and has a biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書). Xu Jian participated in the compilation of the → Chu xue ji 初學記. Xu Jieweng 徐介翁 [1] Late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Dan liao fang 澹寮方 lists a recipe of his to cure hemilateral headache. LSZ cites this second hand in SE qiu yin 蚯蚓. Xu Kai 徐鍇 (920-974) [7] Southern Tang 唐, early Song 宋 lexicographer. Style name Chujin 楚金, a man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Xu was a calligrapher and fine writer and held various court posts. He was the younger brother of the equally famous → Xu Xuan 徐鉉 and the author of various books including the Shuo wen jie zi xi zhuan 説文解字系傳, “Tradition of the System of the Shuo wen jie zi,” (→ Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 ) and the → Sui shi guang ji 歲 時廣記. He also wrote an introduction to the → Shi xing ben cao 食性本草 of → Chen Shiliang 陳士良. LSZ refers to him in connection with these lexicographical texts and an annotation to the → Za xiu yang shu 雜修養書. Xu Kai zhu Shuo wen 徐鍇注説文 → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  Xu Ke’an 徐克安 [1] Southern Song 宋 person. When his wet nurse once suffered from “worm-attachment teeth” (zhu ya 蛀牙) she was cured with jing mian cao 鏡面草. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 lists this recipe but does not specify its source. LSZ cites the same material in SE luo yan cao 螺厴草 as well, referring it to the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方, but the Yang shi jia cang fang extant today contains no such recipe. Xu Ke’an is also referred to in the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of → Chen Rihua 陳日華, so that he appears to have lived during the Southern Song. Xu Ming 許明 [1] Person of early Tang 唐 times or before. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外台秘要方 quotes the → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方 with the line “recipe of Xu Ming to cure people with a long-lasting cough bringing them close to death” (Xu Ming liao ren jiu ke yu si fang 許明療人久咳欲死方). LSZ cites this in SE yu 榆 as “if a person has a long-lasting cough bringing them close to death, Xu Ming then has an effacious recipe” (jiu ke yu si Xu Ming ze you xiao fang 久嗽欲死許明則有效

551 方). The latter part of this sentence is easily misinterpreted as a book called You xiao fang 有效方, “Effacious Recipes,” by an author called Xu Mingze 徐明則. Xu Mingze 許明則 → Xu Ming 許明 Xu mo ke hui xi 續墨客揮犀, “Sequel to the Casual Conversations among Literati” [1] Collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Dan sheng tang shu mu 澹生堂 書目, “Catalogue of Dan sheng Hall.” Sometimes attributed to the Song 宋 author → Peng Sheng 彭乘. 1 juan, extant edition 10 juan. In SE zhu she 諸蛇, LSZ cites the plant name wo cai 萵菜 from this book. In SE wo ju 萵苣 he cites material on wo cai as well but erroneously gives the → Mo ke hui xi 墨客揮犀 as his source. Xu Muzhai 徐木齋 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. LSZ mentions him in SE jiu 韭 in connection with a recipe for rabid dog bites, which he cites from a book called Jian bian 簡便, “Simple and Convenient.” This is the → Jian bian fang 簡便方 of → Yang Qi 楊 起. The original text simply labels the same recipe “Xu says” (Xu yun 徐云) without mentioning the full name of this person. There is a Ming dynasty book called Jian bian zhu fang 簡便諸方, “Various Simple and Convient Recipes,” (c. 1566) compiled by the official Xu Zhi 徐陟 (literary name Dazhai 達齋). However, the recipe LSZ quotes in the BCGM is not found in Xu’s Jian bian zhu fang, and the identity of the Mr. Xu referred to in Yang Qi’s Jian bian fang remains uncertain. Given the similarity of names and book titles, LSZ may have identified the label “Xu says” as Xu Dazhai 徐達齋, erroneously writing Xu Muzhai. Later, beginning with the Qian Weiqi 錢蔚起 edition, all BCGM editions for reasons unknown changed the name Xu Muzhai 徐木齋 to Xu Benzhai 徐本齋. Xu Qi xie ji 續齊諧記, “Supplement to the records of Qi xie” [3] Liang 梁 dynasty collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Wu Jun 吳均 (erroneously called Wu Yun 吳筠 in the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang”). 1 juan, the currently circulating version is incomplete. The work was intended as a sequel to the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty → Qi xie ji 齊諧記 (see there for an explanation of the term qi xie 齊諧) of Dongyang Wuyi 東陽無疑 and included many miraculous stories. The original text is lost, but fragments are quoted in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, the → TJBC, and other works. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, taking his material from the → ZLBC. He once mistakenly attributes the text to → Xue Yongruo 薛用弱. Xu renze 許仁則 Famous physician of the Tang 唐 dynasty. Details about his life are lacking. The Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises,” makes him the author of the → Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄, a text on gynecology and obstetrics, but this is uncertain. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘 要方 cites Xu Renze on a number of occasions in connection with various med-

552 ical topics but never with gynecological and obstetrical disorders. LSZ refers to Xu as Xu Renze [1] and quotes his recipes as Xu Renze fang 許仁則方, “Recipes of Mr. Xu Renze” [3]. Xu Renze fang 許仁則方 → Xu Renze 許仁則 Xu Shanxin 許善心 (558-618) [1] Sui 隋 dynasty high official. Style name Wuben 務本, a man of Bei xin cheng 北 新城 in Gao yang 高陽, now part of He bei 河北. He held court offices under the Chen 陳 and Sui dynasties and wrote a number of books, of which the → Fu rui ji 符瑞記 is listed by LSZ in his bibliographical sections. Xu Shen 許慎 (c. 58-147) Eastern Han 漢 scholar of classical learning. Style name Shuzhong 叔重, a man of Ru nan 汝南, now Yan cheng 郾城 in He nan 河南. Xu was a student of the famous Han scholar Jia Kui 賈逵 and held a court office. Well-versed in the Confucian classics, he was the author of various books including the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 . LSZ refers to him as Xu Shen [70] and Xu shi 許氏, “Mr. Xu,” [17]. Xu Shenweng 徐神翁, “divine Old Man Xu” [1] This is Xu Shouxin 徐守信, a Northern Song 宋 hermit. Fl. approx. during the reign of → Song Zhe zong 宋哲宗 (r. 1186-1110). A man of Hai ling 海陵, now Tai zhou 泰州 in Jiang su 江蘇, resided in Tai zhou 泰州 in the Tian qing 天 慶 monastery. Some recipes of his were transmitted through the ages. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 quotes a → Hai shang fang 海上方  with a recipe to rinse the eyes and clear eyesight associated with Xu, and LSZ takes this over in SE zhe 柘. Xu shi 許氏 → Xu Shen 許慎 Xu shi 徐氏, “Mr. Xu”  [1] Unidentifiable author of the → Zong gui dui lei 總龜對類. Further details are unavailable.  [5] In → Xu shi jia chuan fang 徐氏家傳方, this is a likewise unidentifiable author.

 [3] In → Xu shi tai chan fang 徐氏胎產方, this is the author Xu Shouzhen 徐 守貞 (AV Xu Shouzhen 徐守真), an expert in gynecology, probably of the early Ming 明. A man from a place called Jin chuan 金川. No further details available.

 [1] In a case study by Lu Yan 陸曮 (→ Lu shi 陸氏 ) in SE hong lan hua 紅 藍花, this is a Southern 宋 person. A man of Xin chang 新昌 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. When his wife suffered complications during parturition, he called upon the famous physician Lu Yan and had him brought from 200 li away by sedan chair. Lu diagnosed the patient as suffering from “blood heart-pressure” (xue men 血悶) and cured her by a fumigation therapy with saffron decoction. Xu shi jia chuan fang 徐氏家傳方, “recipes Transmitted by Mr. Xu’s Family” [5] Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by an unidentifiable Xu shi 徐氏, “Mr. Xu.” Further details unavailable. LSZ appears to be the only author citing this text.

553 Xu shi jun 徐使君, “Commissioner Xu” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. A man of Qu zhou 衢州 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. According to the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急 方, he was conferred a recipe to treat “pin-illness with swelling” (ding zhong 疔 腫) by → Han Guang 韓光 during the early zhen guan 貞觀 reign period (627649). LSZ cites this in SE ai 艾. Xu shi quan fang 續十全方, “Sequel to the recipes for Perfect Cures” [8] Lost medical recipe book. EE → ZLBC. Nothing is known about the work, which may or may not be a continuation to the Northern Song 宋 → Shi quan bo jiu fang 十全博救方 of Liu Fu 劉甫. The ZLBC preserves some recipes, and LSZ cites these second hand in his main text without mentioning a Xu shi quan fang in his bibliographical sections. Xu shi tai chan fang 徐氏胎產方, “Mr. Xu’s recipes for Pregnancy and Birth” Probably an early Ming 明 gynecological text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by Xu Shouzhen 徐守貞 (→ Xu shi 徐氏 ). 1 juan (AV 3 juan). The book was a collection of simple and easy to use gynecological recipes. It was included in the → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂 of 1459. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text as Xu shi tai chan fang [3] and Tai chan fang 胎產方, “Recipes for Pregnancy and Childbirth,” [1] without mentioning the author explicitly. Xu Shuwei 許叔微 (1079- c. 1154) Southern Song 宋 physician and official. Style name Zhike 知可, a man of Bai sha 白沙 in Zhen zhou 真州, now Yi zheng 儀征 in Jiang su 江蘇. Xu’s family is said to have been very poor, and his parents died of disease one after the other when he was eleven years old. As an adult, he studied medicine diligently and acquired a jin shi degree in 1132. He held teaching posts in Hui zhou 徽州 and Hang zhou 杭州 and was a scholar at the Academy of Scholarly Worthies (ji xian yuan 集賢院), thus his nickname Xu xueshi 許學士, “Scholar Xu.” Xu was the author of the → Shang han ge 傷寒歌, the Shang han fa wei lun 傷寒發微 論, “Discourse Unfolding the Subtleties of Harm Caused by Cold,” the → Ben shi fang 本事方, the Shang han jiu shi lun 傷寒九十論, “Ninety Discourses on Harm Caused by Cold,” and other books. LSZ refers to Xu as Xu Shuwei [17] and as Xu xueshi [23]. Xu shui jing 續水經, “Sequel to the Classic of Waters” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty geographical text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Lu Yin 陸禋. DC and size uncertain. The Song 宋 dynasty writer Wen Ying 文瑩 quotes a passage on pheasants (zhi 雉) from the work in his Yu hu qing hua 玉壺淸話, “Pure Conversations from the Jade Cup,” which was later integrated into the → Shuo fu 説郛. LSZ, in turn, quotes the Yu hu qing hua passage second hand from there in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Xu Sibo 徐嗣伯 (5th century) Southern Qi 齊 dynasty physician, the younger brother of → Xu Wenbo 徐文伯. He is said to have been exceptionally skilled in medicine and to have diagnosed

554 and treated people with great success. LSZ takes over these stories, referring to Xu as Xu Sibo [4] and as Sibo 嗣伯 [5]. Xu sou shen ji 續搜神記, “Sequel to the records of Searching for the Supernatural” [2] This is LSZ’s name for the Sou shen hou ji 搜神後記, “Later Records of Searching for the Supernatural,” a Jin 晉 dynasty collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Tao Qian 陶潛 (→ Tao shi 陶氏 ). 10 juan. The book is a continuation of the → Sou shen ji 搜神記 of → Gan Bao 干寶, a record of stories about immortals, ghosts, and magical transformations. The original book is lost, but fragments are found in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, probably taking his material from the Tai ping yu lan. Xu tai cheng 徐太丞, “Grand aide Xu” [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Personal name unknown, a man of Qi zhou 蘄州, now Qi chun 蘄春 in Hu bei 湖北. He served as Grand Aide (tai cheng 太丞) and apparently passed on a recipe for treating difficult births to → Shi shao qing 施少卿. LSZ cites this in SE xun lu xiang 薰陸香. Xu wang 徐王 → Xu Zhicai 徐之才 Xu wang fang 徐王方, “Prince Xu’s recipes” Lost medical recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Xu Zhicai 徐之才. DC 6th century. Some fragments are preserved in the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急 方, the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, and other books. LSZ cites the text second hand from these works as Xu wang fang [4], and one second hand citation of a → Xu wang jing yan fang 徐王經驗方 [1] is probably taken from this text as well. Xu wang jing yan fang 徐王經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Prince Xu” [1] This is probably an erroneous designation for the → Xu wang fang 徐王方 of → Xu Zhicai 徐之才 cited second hand from the → TJBC. In the Jin ling 金 陵 edition of the BCGM the character wang 王 resembles the character yu 玉, which makes the title Xu Yu jing yan fang 徐玉經驗方, “Tried and Proven Recipes of Xu Yu,” [1]. Xu Wenbo 徐文伯 (5th century) Southern Qi 齊 dynasty physician. Style name Dexiu 德秀, a man of Dan yang 丹陽, now Nan jing 南京 in Jiang su 江蘇. From a family of renowned physicians, he was noted for his medical skills. He was the author of the now lost → Xu Wenbo fang 徐文伯方. Some information about Xu’s life as well as some of his case records are found in the biography of Zhang Shao 張邵 in the → Nan shi 南史. A few of these cases are cited by the → ZLBC and taken over by LSZ, who refers to Xu as Xu Wenbo [3] and Wenbo 文伯 [2].

555 Xu Wenbo fang 徐文伯方, “recipes of Xu Wenbo” [1] Lost medical recipe book.FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Xu Wenbo 徐文伯. DC 5th century. 2 juan. The → ZLBC lists the title in its bibliography but does not cite any recipes from it. In its main text it only takes over Xu’s case records from the → Nan shi 南史. Accordingly, LSZ only lists the title in his bibliography and does not cite any recipes but only case studies in his main text. Xu Wugui pian 徐無鬼篇 → Zhuang zi 莊子  Xu xian zhuan 續仙傳, “Further Biographies of Immortals” [1] Southern Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解 題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by Shen Fen 沈汾. 3 juan. The text is a record of 36 persons who flew into the air and vanished. LSZ cites the example of → Zhuru zi 朱孺子 from it in his main text. Xu Xiaochong 許孝崇 (7th century) Tang 唐 dynasty expert in pharmaceutics. He was a member of the committee headed by Su Jing 蘇敬 (→ Su Gong 蘇恭) for the compilation of the Xin xiu ben cao 新修本草, “Newly Revised Materia Medica,” (→ Tang ben cao 唐本草). The → Qie zhong fang 篋中方  is generally assigned to one Xu Xiaozong 許孝 宗 [2], but this is probably an error for Xu Xiaochong. Xu Xiaozong 許孝宗 → Xu Xiaochong 許孝崇 Xu Xuan 徐鉉 (917-992) Late Five Dynasties, early Song 宋 lexicographer. Style name Dingchen 鼎臣, a man of Guang ling 廣陵, now Yang zhou 揚州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He originally served the Southern Tang 唐 but after its fall went over to Song and held a court office. His younger brother → Xu Kai 徐鍇 enjoyed equal fame, and both were known as the Er Xu 二徐, “Two Xu [Brothers],” or Da xiao Xu 大小徐, “Older and Younger Xu,” for their literary scholarship. Because of his linguistic skills, Xu Xuan received an imperial order to participate in a revision of the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 . The edition he produced was later called the Da Xu ben 大徐本, “Edition of the Older Xu,” (→ Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 ). Xu Xuan was also the author of the → Ji shen lu 稽神錄 and other books and participated in the composition of the → Jiang nan lu 江南錄. LSZ cites the Ji shen lu as well as Xu’s annotations to the Shuo wen jie zi, referring to Xu as Xu Xuan [7] and as Xuan 鉉 [2]. Xu Xuan zhu Shuo wen 徐鉉注説文 → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  Xu xueshi 許學士 → Xu Shuwei 許叔微 Xu yan wang 徐偃王, “King yan of Xu” [1] Chieftain of the Xurong 徐戎 tribe in Western Zhou 周 times. He united the “nine barbarian tribes” (jiu yi 九夷) to attack the Zhou. According to the → Bo wu zhi 博物志 , his mother was a palace concubine who fell pregnant but gave birth to an egg. The egg was discarded at a river bank where a dog took it into his mouth and returned it. An old mother kept it warm and covered it until eventually it hatched a child, the later Xu Yan wang. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀.

556 Xu yanchun 徐彥純 (died 1384) Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 expert in pharmaceutics. Style name Yongcheng 用 誠, a man of Kuai ji 會稽 in Shan yin 山陰, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江. As a young man, he resided in the Wu 吳 area and taught the → Chun qiu 春秋 . He is only indirectly associated with the medical current of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨, but LSZ considers him a disciple of the latter. Xu was the author of the Yi xue zhe zhong 醫學折衷, “Synthesis of Medical Studies,” a text that included the teachings of Zhu Zhenheng, → Liu Wansu 劉完素, and → Li Gao 李杲. This was later expanded by → Liu Chun 劉純 to produce the → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義. Xu was also the compiler of another eclectic work, the → Ben cao fa hui 本草發揮. LSZ refers to him as Xu Yanchun [1] and as Xu Yongcheng 徐用誠 [3]. Xu yaochen 許堯臣 [1] Person of Ming 明 times or earlier. LSZ lists a recipe associated with him in SE fan shi 礬石, but the origin of this is uncertain. Xu yi 徐儀 [1] Tang 唐 or pre-Tang person. The → Tang ben cao 唐本草 quotes a pharmaceutical illustration (yao tu 藥圖) associated with him, which LSZ takes over as → Yao cao tu 藥草圖. Further details are uanavailable. Xu ying hua 續英華, “Sequel [to the Poems] of Luxuriant Beauty” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poetry collection, complete title Xu ying hua shi yuan 續英華詩 苑, “Sequel to the Poetry Garden of Luxuriant Beauty.” Compiled by the monk Huijing 慧靜 of Ji guo 紀國 monastery. DC zhen guan 貞觀 reign period (627649). 10 juan. The book is a collection of 300 poems. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾 遺 quotes from it the two lines “a horse holds alfalfa leaves in its mouth; a sword retains its luster with pi ti ointment.” This couplet originates from the poem Du guan shan 度關山, “Passing Fortresses and Mountains,” of the Liang 梁 dynasty poet Dai Gao 戴暠. LSZ cites the same fragment second hand in SE pi ti 鸊鷉. Xu yinzong 許胤宗 Physician and medical official during the Chen 陳, Sui 隋, and Tang 唐 dynasties. A man of Yi xing 義興 in Chang zhou 常州. During Chen times he cured the empress dowager → Liu tai hou 柳太后 of a “wind disease” (feng bing 風 病) with the steam of a decoction of huang qi 黃耆. During the Sui he served as Chief Stewart of Palace Medications (shang yao feng yu 尚藥奉御) and during the Tang wu de 武德 reign period (618-626) he was appointed as Gentleman Cavalier Attendant (san qi shi lang 散騎侍郎). The Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) contains his biography. LSZ refers to him as Xu Yinzong [2] and Yinzong 胤宗 [1]. Xu yongcheng 徐用誠 → Xu Yanchun 徐彥純 Xu yongxuan 徐用宣 [1] Early Ming 明 physician, fl. 14th century. A man of San qu 三衢, now Qu zhou 衢州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Born into a family of hereditary physicians, he studied the Confucian classics and medicine as a boy. In his later years he attempted

557 to put the main points of medicine into a book, tracing their development and adding his own ideas, thus producing the → Xiu zhen xiao er fang 袖珍小兒方. Xu you 許由 [1] Legendary hermit at the time of the mythical emperor → Yao 堯. Style name Wuzhong 武仲, a man of Huai li 槐裡 in the southeast of Xing ping 興平 in present-day Shaan xi 陝西. Tang Yao wished to abdicate and offered his position to Xu You who firmly declined.The → Baopu zi 抱朴子  informs that he achieved longevity by ingesting shi liu huang 石硫黃 and zhi 芝. LSZ mentions him in SE shi liu huang 石硫赤. Xu Yu jing yan fang 徐玉經驗方 → Xu wang jing yan fang 徐王經驗方 Xu yuan 許遠 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty person mentioned in a citation from the → You yang za zu 酉陽 雜俎. The You yang za zu writes his name Xu Yin 許隱. He was cured from his toothache by → Zheng Siyuan 鄭思遠, who inserted a tiger’s hair into his tooth. Further information unavailable. Xu yuangong 許元公 [1] Northern Song 宋 person, fl. during the yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1093). A distant relative of → Xu Shuwei 許叔微. → Tian Lushi 田錄事 is said to have cured Xu’s dislocated arm with a paste prepared from fresh rehmannia root. This recipe originated from the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, and the case history was documented in Xu Shuwei’s → Ben shi fang 本事方. LSZ cites the story second hand in SE di huang 地黃 from the → Yi shuo 醫説, which in turn cites from the → Lei shuo 類説. However, he sticks to the original recipe from the Zhou hou bei ji fang by omitting the herb mu xiang 木香, which is included in the Lei shuo recipe. Xu yun fu qun yu 續韻府群玉, “Sequel to the Multitude of Jades from the Storehouse of rhymes” [1] Encyclopedia. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by an unidentifiable → Bao shi 包氏. The book only appears in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM, other available bibliographies or book catalogues do not list it. Further information is unavailable. Xu Zhen 徐稹 Northern Song 宋 official. During the reign of → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1063) he served as Erudite of the Imperial College (guo zi bo shi 國子博 士) and in other posts. According to a report in the → Jiang Linji za zhi 江鄰 幾雜志, he once found a baby with neither fingers on its hands nor blood in its body on the bank of a river in Lu zhou 廬州. Someone identified this creature as a feng 封, a type of an animal. The story was often retold in later centuries, and LSZ cites it second hand as well but erroneously writes Xu’s name Xu Ji 徐積 [1] Xu zhen jun shu 許真君書, “Book of the Perfected Sovereign Xu” [1] Lost book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author is indicated there. The book is listed in other bibliographies, and according to these the Perfected Sovereign Xu was Xu Xun 許遜 (c. 239-374), a famous Eastern Jin 晉 dynasty Dao-

558 ist. During Song 宋 times, Xu was conferred the title of Shen gong miao ji zhen jun 神功妙濟真君, “Perfected Sovereign of Miracles and Wonderful Benefit,” and was subsequently known as the Xu zhen jun. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but his source remains uncertain. Before Ming 明 times a Xu zhen jun ru yi fang 許真君如意方, “Xu the Perfected Sovereign’s Recipes that Comply with One’s Wishes,” existed, but since that text is likewise lost, there is no way of knowing which book LSZ took his material from. Xu Zhicai 徐之才 (died 572) Northern Qi 齊 physician. Style name Shimou 士茂, a man of Dan yang 丹陽, now Nan jing 南京. Xu’s father was a doctor, and the son followed in his footsteps to become a scholar-physician. He gained the favor of several rulers of the Northern Qi dynasty, which won him high offical posts. Xu was also made prince of Xi yang 西陽 commandery and was therefore called Xu wang 徐王, “Prince Xu.” He died at the ripe old age of 80 and was posthumously named Wenming 文明. Xu was the author of a → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對 , the → Xu wang fang 徐王方, and other, more specialized works on “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳 氣). LSZ refers to him as Xu Zhicai [30], as Zhicai 之才 [206], as Xi yang jun wang 西陽郡王, “Prince of Xi yang Commandery,” [1], as Wenming [1], and as Xu wang [7]. Xuan 軒 → Xuanyuan 軒轅, → Huang di 黃帝  Xuan 鉉 → Xu Xuan 徐鉉 Xuan dian 軒典, “Xuan’s Canon” [1] General term for texts attributed to the Yellow Thearch, → Huang di 黃帝 . Xuan 軒 is Xuanyuan 軒轅, the literary name of the Yellow Thearch. LSZ mentions the Xuan dian as a counterpart to the Nong jing 農經, “The Farmer’s Classic,” that is, the → Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經. Hence, the term Xuan dian seems to be a reference to the Huang di nei jing 黃帝內經, “Inner Classic of the Yellow Thearch” (→ Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, → Ling shu jing 靈樞經). Xuan fang 選方 → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 Xuan fu 宣父, “Venerable Father” [1] Honorific title of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子) since 637. See Xin Tang shu li yue zhi 新唐書禮樂志, “Treatise on Rites and Music in the New History of the Tang,” 5. Xuan gan chuan shi lun 玄感傳屍論, “discourse on Mysterious Influences and Corpse Transmission” Tang 唐 dynasty text on specific diseases. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Xuan gan chuan shi fang 玄感傳屍方, “Recipes for Mysterious Influences and Corpse Transmission.” Written by → Su You 蘇游. DC before 752. 1 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are quoted in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方. LSZ lists the work as Xuan gan chuan shi lun [1] in his bibliographical sections but mistakenly gives the author as Su Qiu 蘇遒. He does not refer to the work di-

559 rectly in his main text but cites recipes connected to Su You [2] as from the Wai tai mi yao fang. The recipe quoted in SE hai song zi 海松子, however, is actually from a Bi yong quan shu 必用全書, “Complete Book on Obligatory [Things],” quoted in the Yi fang lei ju 醫方類聚, “Categorized Collection of Medical Recipes,” and not the Wai tai mi yao fang, so LSZ was obviously in error about his source. Xuan ming 宣明 → Xuan ming fang 宣明方 Xuan ming fang 宣明方, “recipes of Illumination” Abbreviation for the Xuan ming lun fang 宣明論方, “Recipes from the Illuminating Discourse,” a Jin 金 dynasty clinical text and medical recipe collection. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” AN Huang di su wen xuan ming lun fang 黃帝素問宣明論方, “Recipes from the Discourse Illuminating the Yellow Thearch’s Basic Questions.” Written by → Liu Wansu 劉完素. DC 1172. 3 juan (later divided into 15 juan). The book is divided into 61 chapters by disease signs, each chapter consisting of a theoretical discussion followed by appropriate recipes. The theoretical discussions are based on the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. LSZ quotes the text as Xuan ming fang [32] and as Xuan ming 宣明, “Illumination,” [4]. Xuan ming fen fang 玄明粉方, “dark and Bright Powder recipes” Specialized piece of writing on pharmaceutical substances. See bibliography of the BCGM. The → ZLBC quotes a story from the Tai yin jing 太陰經, “Major Yin Classic,” about the Daoist → Liu Xuanzhen’s 劉玄真 usage of “dark and bright powder” (xuan ming fen 玄明粉) during the reign of Emperor Ming huang 明皇 (→ Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗, r. 712-756), stating that the Tai yin jing contained a “commentary” (zhuan 傳) on the recipe. LSZ cites this story second hand from the ZLBC as Xuan ming fen zhuan 玄明粉傳, “Notes on Dark and Bright Powder,” [1] in his main text and in his bibliography renders the title Xuan ming fen fang [1]. Xuan ming fen zhuan 玄明粉傳 → Xuan ming fen fang 玄明粉方 Xuan ming yan ke 宣明眼科, “Illuminating the [Medical] discipline [Concerned with the] Eyes” [2] Anonymous text on ophthalmology. See bibliography of the BCGM. Further information unavailable. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The recipe quoted is not found in the Huang di su wen xuan ming lun fang 黃帝素問宣明論方, “Recipes from the Discourse Illuminating the Yellow Thearch’s Basic Questions,” (→ Xuan ming fang 宣明方) of → Liu Wansu 劉完 素, so the Xuan ming yan ke is definitely a different text. Xuan qi fang 選奇方, “Selected unusual recipes” Medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by Yu Gang 余綱 (→ Yu Jushi 余居士). DC early 13th century. 20 juan, divided into an earlier collection (qian ji 前集) and a later collection (hou ji 候集) in 10 juan each. The earlier collection is lost, and only 4 juan survive of the later one. The → Fu ren liang fang

560 婦人良方 of 1237 is the earliest text to cite the work, and the later → Pu ji fang 普濟方 preserves many fragments. LSZ cites the book second hand as Xuan qi fang [18] and as Yu Jushi fang 余居士方, “Recipes of Yu the Recluse,” [2]. Xuan sheng 宣聖, “Venerable Sage” [1] Honorific title of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子). Xuan sheng is derived from the posthumous title Xuan Ni gong 宣尼公, “Venerable Lord of Ni,” that was given to Confucius by Emperor Ping 平 of Han 漢 in 1 CE. Xuan zheng lu 宣政錄 → Xuan zheng za lu 宣政雜錄 Song 宋 dynasty book. EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Written by Jiang Wanli 江萬里. LSZ cites a Xuan zheng lu 宣政錄, “Record for Propagating Government” [2] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but the fragment quoted was actually taken from the Xuan zheng za lu, so the title Xuan zheng lu is obviously an erroneous designation for this text. Xuan zhong ji 玄中記, “records from Inside the Mysterious” [15] Pre-Tang 唐 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記) and supernatural stories. FE Chong wen zong mu 崇文總目, “General Bibliography of the Imperial Archive.” Variously attributed to a Guo shi 郭氏, “Mr. Guo,” to the Jin 晉 dynasty author → Guo Pu 郭璞, or to no one. 1 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and in other encyclopedias, geographical texts, or in books on names and descriptions of things. The book is also quoted in the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急 方 and the → ZLBC, and the → Shuo fu 説郛 contains an incomplete version. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without indicating an author. He takes two fragments from the ZLBC but also cites from various other books when providing information on the origin of pharmaceutical substances or related stories. Xuan zhu mi yu 玄珠密語, “Secret Conversations on the Mysterious Pearl” [2] Probably Song 宋 dynasty book based on the theory of the “five periods and six qi” (wu yun liu qi 五運六氣). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories,” etc. Attributed to → Wang Bing 王冰. 17 juan (AV 1 juan). A sentence in the preface criticizing the reign of empress Wu Zetian 武則天 (→ Wu hou 武候) as a time of backward thought and decay of Confucianism indicates that the work was written later than the Tang 唐, as this attitude was not prevalent during the times of Wang Bing. Also, the uncouth language strongly differs from Wang’s more refined style of writing, so it is to be assumed that the text is a Song counterfeit. The work was an elaboration of the doctrine of the “five periods and six qi” brought up in the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. Xuan zong 玄宗 → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 Xuanshou xiansheng 玄壽先生, “Gentleman of Mysterious Longevity” [1] Tang 唐 and Five Dynasties era Daoist. Lived on Shao shi 少室 Mountain. He is said to have discussed the Dao with Li Guangxuan 李光玄 from the Man-

561 churian state of Bo hai 海國, and his statements are recorded in the Jin ye huan dan bai wen jue 金液還丹百問訣, “Instructions to a Hundred Questions on the Reversion Elixir of Liquefied Gold.” A citation labeled with the Xuanshou xiansheng’s name in SE shi liu huang 石硫黃 is taken from this book. Xuanyuan 軒轅 This is the personal name of → Huang di 黃帝 , the Yellow Thearch. Many books used this name in their titles, including the → Xuanyuan ben ji 軒轅 本紀 and the Xuanyuan nei zhuan 軒轅內傳, “Inner Biography of Xuanyuan.” Apart from referring to the Yellow Thearch as Huang di [20], LSZ refers to him as Xuanyuan [2], as Xuanyuan shi 軒轅氏, “Mister Xuanyuan,” [1], and, when mentioning him in connection with Qi 岐 (→ Qi Bo 岐伯), as Xuan 軒 [3] or Huang 黃 [1]. Xuanyuan ben ji 軒轅本紀, “Basic annals of Xuanyuan” [2] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN originally Guang Xuanyuan ben ji 廣軒轅本紀, “Expanded Basic Annals of Xuanyuan,” Guang Huang di ben xing ji 廣黃帝本行記, “Expanded Basic Annals of the Deeds of the Yellow Thearch.” Written by → Wang Guan 王瓘. 3 juan. The book collects mythology and legend associated with the Yellow Thearch (→ Huang di 黃帝 ). It is quoted in the Chong guang Ying gong ben cao 重廣英公本草, “Repeatedly Expanded Materia Medica of the Duke of Ying” (→ Shu ben cao 蜀本草), and LSZ takes over one citation from the → ZLBC. He cites the book in his bibliographical sections and in the main text. Xuanyuan nei zhuan 軒轅內傳, “Inner Biography of Xuanyuan” [1] Title of a book chapter. This title is not mentioned in any Ming 明 or pre-Ming book, and it is only LSZ who cites it in SE gu jing 古鏡. Xuanyuan shi 軒轅氏 → Xuanyuan 軒轅, → Huang di 黃帝  Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun 軒轅述寶藏論, “discourse on the Precious Treasury, Narrated by Xuanyuan” Lost Sui 隋 dynasty Daoist text on outer alchemy (wai dan 外丹). FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN there Qingxia zi bao zang lun 青霞子寶藏論, “Qingxia zi’s Discourse on the Precious Treasury,” also Bao zang lun 寶藏論, “Discourse on the Precious Treasury.” Attributed to Su Yuanlang 蘇元朗 (→ Qingxia zi 青霞子, AV erroneously Su Yuanming 蘇元明). 3 juan. 11 fragments are preserved in the → ZLBC, which labels the material Bao zang lun. LSZ cites the text second hand as Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun [4] and as Bao zang lun [9]. Xuanzhen 玄真 [1] Apart from constituting an alternative name for a variety of jade, Xuanzhen standing by itself is a reference to → Liu Xuanzhen 劉玄真. Xue Ji 薛己 (1487-1559) Ming 明 dynasty physician and medical writer. Style name Xinfu 新甫, literary name Lizhai 立齋, “Upright Studio,” a man of Wu xian 吳縣, now part of Jiang

562 su 江蘇. His father Xue Kai 薛鎧 was a medical official at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院). His son followed in his father’s footsteps and took up the family profession. In 1506 he was admitted to the Imperial Academy of Medicine and in 1514 gained a position as an imperial physician. He went on to hold even higher positions at the Academy in the capital of Nan jing 南京 but finally retired to his native place in 1530. Xue Ji started his career as a simple wound doctor (yang yi 瘍醫) and only later established a reputation in the more prestigious discipline of internal medicine as well as in gynecology, pediatrics, and bone setting. He was a prolific writer, his works include the Nei ke zhai yao 內科摘要, “Selection of Essentials of Internal Medicine,” the Nü ke cuo yao 女科 撮要, “Synopsis of Medicine for Women,” the → Wai ke xin fa 外科心法, the → Wai ke fa hui 外科發揮, the Wai ke shu yao 外科樞要, “Key Points of the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments],” the Xin ti lei yao 心體類要, “Categorized Essentials of Mind and Body,” the Kou chi lei yao 口齒 類要, “Categorized Essentials of Mouth and Tooth [Diseases],” the Li yang ji yao 癧瘍機要, “Crucial Points in [the Treatment of ] Pervasion-Illness with Ulcers,” and the → Wai ke jing yan fang 外科經驗方. The collection of these books is known as the Xue shi yi an 薛氏醫案, “Medical Cases of Mr. Xue.” LSZ cites the Wai ke xin fa, the Wai ke fa hui and the Wai ke jing yan fang . He refers to Xue as Xue Ji [8] and Xue shi 薛氏, “Mr. Xue,” [1]. In the two cases when LSZ is referring to Xue’s name alone, however, the source of his quotation remains uncertain, for the material cited is not found in any of the books LSZ is claiming to use. Xue shi 薛氏, “Mr. Xue”  [1] → Xue Ji 薛己, author of various medical books

 [1] In connection with the → Jing Yang yi wu zhi 荊揚異物志, this is → Xue Ying 薛瑩. Xue shi 穴氏, “Holes Gentleman” [1] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Responsible for catching wild animals during their period of hibernation so as to gather their valuable hides. Xue Tian 薛田 [2] Song 宋 dynasty high official. Style name Xiji 希稷, a man of He dong 河東 county in He zhong 河中, now Yong ji 永濟 in Shan xi 山西. Jin shi. He held various military and local posts, rose to be Grand Master of Remonstrance (jian yi dai fu 諫議大夫), and governed Yan zhou 延州 and Tong zhou 同州. The → Song shi 宋史 has his biography. He was on friendly terms with Wei Ye 魏野 and in 1023 wrote a preface to Wei’s Dong guan ji 東觀記, “Records of the Eastern Library.” LSZ quotes fragments of Xue’s work that originate from his poem Cheng du shu shi bai yun 成都書事百韻, “A Hundred Rhymes on Books and Events in Cheng du,” which is included in the Song shi ji shi 宋詩紀事, “Recorded Events in Song Poetry,” and other books.

563 Xue ying 薛瑩 (died 282) Man of the state of Three Kingdoms Wu 吳 and early Jin 晉. Style name Daoyan 道言, a man of Zhu yi 竹邑 in Pei jun 沛郡, now Su xian 宿縣 in An hui 安徽. Initially a Wu official, he went over to the Jin, where he held a military post. He participated in the writing of the → Hou Han shu 後漢書  and was the author of the Jing Yang yi nan yi wu zhi 荊揚以南異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the South of Jing and Yang,” (→ Jing Yang yi wu zhi 荊揚異物志). LSZ refers to him as Xue Ying [1] and as Xue shi 薛氏, “Mr. Xue,” [1]. Xue yongruo 薛用弱 (9th century) [3] Tang 唐 dynasty man. Style name Zhongsheng 中勝. During the chang qing 長 慶 reign period (821-824) he was prefect (ci shi 刺史) of Guang zhou 光州 but was made prefect of Yi yang 弋陽 during the da he 大和 reign period (827-835). Xue was the author of the → Ji yi ji 集異記, but LSZ also erroneously attributes a Qi xie zhi 齊諧志, “Records of Qi xie,” (→ Qi xie ji 齊諧記) and a → Xu Qi xie ji 續齊諧記 to Xue. Xun 珣 → Li Xun 李珣 Xun Bozi 荀伯子 (5th century) [2] Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty official. A man of Ying yin 潁陰 in Ying chuan 潁川, now Xu chang 許昌 in He nan 河南. He had a reputation for his scholarship and served in the central government as Assistant Director of the Left in the Department of State Affairs (shang shu zuo cheng 尚書左丞). He also held a local appointment in Lin chuan 臨川 and recorded what he heard and saw there in the → Lin chuan ji 臨川記. Xun Bozi died during the yuan jia 元嘉 reign period (424-453). Xun zhi zhai ji 遜志齋集, “Collection from the Studio of Modest aspirations” Ming 明 dynasty anthology containing the works of → Fang Xiaoru 方孝孺. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Edited by Huang Kongzhao 黃孔昭 and Xie Duo 謝鐸. Printed during the cheng hua 成化 reign period (1465-1487). 30 juan, plus 10 juan of supplementary amplifications. Present edition 24 juan. The collection contains miscellaneous writings, prefaces, postscripts, elegiac addresses, etc. LSZ cites the book as Xun zhi zhai ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Fang Xiao ru ji 方孝孺 集, “Collection of Fang Xiaoru,” [1] in the main text. Xun zi 荀子, “Master Xun” (c. 313-238 BCE) [4] Warring States era Confucian philosopher. Given name Kuang 况, honorific title Xun qing 荀卿, “Minister Xun.” Originally from the state of Zhao 趙, Xun studied in the state of Qi 齊. He later served Chu 楚 where he held a minor post at Lan ling 蘭陵 in present-day Shan dong 山東. Xun zi is said to have spent his later years writing books, and his disciples included Han Fei 韓非 and Li Si 李 斯, both legalists. His teachings are recorded in the → Xun zi 荀子. Xun zi 荀子, “Master Xun” Philosophical book of the late Warring States period. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢 書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” AN Xunqing zi

564 荀卿子, “Master Xunqing.” Written by → Xun zi 荀子 . 32 chapters, the last six of which were probably written by his disciples. The book summarizes and develops pre-Qin 秦 philosophical thought. Basically a Confucian text, the Xun zi was never actually rated as a Confucian classic, since some of the material it contained was classified as unorthodox. There were various annotated editions, the earliest still extant one is by the Tang 唐 scholar → Yang Jing 楊倞. This is the version that LSZ seems to have used, for it is the only one he lists in his bibliography as → Yang Jing zhu Xun zi 楊倞注荀子 [2]. In his main text, he also refers to the original text itself as Xun zi [7].

-yYa jing 鴉經, “Crow Classic” [1] Lost book on divination. Not listed in ancient or recent bibliographies. The Song 宋 author → Hong Mai 洪邁, in his → Rongzhai sui bi 容齋隨筆, attributes an ancient Yin yang ju ya jing 陰陽局鴉經, “Crow Classic of the Yin yang Bureau,” to → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔. The book apparently advised on the art of identifying sounds made by black crows as auspicious or inauspicious omens. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections but mentions it in SE wu ya 烏鴉. Ya shu 雅述, “refined discussions” Ming 明 dynasty book. Written by → Wang Tingxiang 王廷相. DC 1538. 2 juan. The book, contradicting the Neo-Confucian notion of principle (li 理) originating qi 氣, elaborates the thesis that primordial qi (yuan qi 元氣) is the origin of all things, and that prior to it there is neither things (wu 物), nor principle, nor the Dao. LSZ refers the book to Wang’s literary name Wang Junchuan 王浚川 in his bibliography. He cites the text as Ya shu [2] or simply referring to the text by the name of the author as Wang Junquan [1]. yan 訮 [2] Younger brother of → Cheng Ne 成訥 who obtained a recipe for the treatment of “wind stroke” (zhong feng 中風) from a Daoist named → Zhong Zhen 鐘針. The → ZLBC and some later editions of the BCGM write his name Xin 訢, the → Yi shuo 醫説 and the Jin ling 金陵 edition of the BCGM write Yan. According to the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 , the character xin 訢 stands for xi 喜, “joy,” whereas yan 訮 signifies zheng 諍, “admonish.” Considering the parallelity of meaning beween the characters yan and ne 訥, “restrain oneself from talking too much,” it appears likely that Cheng Ne’s brother was called Yan. yan Fen 顔奮 [1] Official of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period, fl. during the qing long 青龍 reign period (233-236). Sometimes identified as a person of the Later Zhao 趙 qing long reign period (350). His daughter once suffered from a “wind-illness” (feng ji 風疾) and was cured by a fumigation method. The story

565 is cited in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 from the → Fan Wang fang 范汪方. LSZ takes it over in SE ji 雞 but erroneously misdates the qing long era by adding the character Song 宋. yan Feng 晏封 → Qian ning Yan xiansheng 乾寧晏先生 yan Guanglu 顔光祿 (384-456) [1] This is the nickname of Yan Yanzhi 顔延之, a Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty poet. The name Yan Guanglu 顔光祿, “Glorious [Grand Master] Yan,” derived from Yan’s official title Grand Master of the Palace with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon (jin zi guang lu dai fu 金紫光祿大夫). Style name Yannian 延年, a man of Lin yi 臨沂 in Lang xie 琅邪, now part of Shan dong 山東. The Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) cites some speech of his, and LSZ takes this over. yan guo gong 燕國公, “duke of the State of yan” (667-731) [1] This is the title of Zhang Shuo 張説, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Daoji 道濟, alternative style name Yuezhi 說之, a man of Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南. During the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756), he was enfeoffed as Duke of Yan 燕. The Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) has his biography. LSZ quotes a recipe with mutton to cure “cold malaria” (han nüe 寒瘧) from the → Ji yan fang 集驗 方 , stating that “the Duke of the State of Yan witnessed that regular [ingestion] was effective.” There were various Dukes of Yan who lived during the Tang dynasty. The Ji yan fang material, however, is based on a similar statement in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, which is attributed there to a Yan guo gong Shuo 燕國公説, “Shuo, the Duke of the State of Yan.” This name is frequently used to designate Zhang Shuo, who was obviously the person that transmitted the recipe. Yan hou kou chi fang 咽喉口齒方, “recipes for Throat, Mouth, and Teeth” [1] Lost, anonymous Song 宋 dynasty medical text. FE Chong wen zong mu ji shi 崇 文總目輯釋, “General Bibliography of the Imperial Archive, Arranged and Explained.” 1 juan (AV 5 juan). LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite any recipes from it in his main text. yan Jinjue 嚴緊絶 [1] Based on a misunderstanding of his source text, LSZ erroneously regards this as the name of a person. In SE jin ying zi 金櫻子 he cites a recipe for the treatment of chronic dysentery from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, noting that this is “a miraculous recipe of Yan Jinjue” (Yan Jinjue miao fang 嚴緊絕妙方). However, the recipe was copied from the Yuan 元 period → Shi yi de xiao fang 世醫得效方, where it is called “recipe with divine effects” (shen ying san 神應散) and is said “to cure extremely urgent dysentery, stopping it miraculously” (zhi li jin yan jue miao 治 痢緊嚴絕妙). The Pu ji fang takes this wording over, but LSZ apparently mixed up the order of characters, turning jin yan jue 緊嚴絕 into Yan Jinjue 嚴緊絶.

566 Yan ke Long mu lun 眼科龍木論, “Nagarjuna’s discourse on the [Medical] discipline [Concerned with the] Eyes” Anonymous late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 period book on ophthalmology. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” 10 juan. The book’s title refers to the Indian origin of much of Chinese ophthalmology and provides a general introduction to ophthalmology along with suitable medicinal formulas and acumoxa therapies. LSZ lists the text as Yan ke Long mu lun [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites it as Long mu lun 龍木論, “Nagarjuna’s Discourse,” [10] and as Long shu lun 龍樹論, “Nagarjuna’s Discourse,” [1] in the main text. Yan ke zhen gou fang 眼科針鉤方, “Needle and Hook recipes from the [Medical] discipline [Concerned with the] Eyes” [1] Song 宋 dynasty text on ophthalmology. FE Chong wen zong mu ji shi 崇文總目 輯釋, “General Bibliography of the Imperial Archive, Arranged and Explained.” AN Yi yan zhen fang lun 醫眼針方論, “Discourse on Needling and Recipes for Curing the Eye.” 1 juan. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite any recipes from it in his main text. Yan ling fang 延齡方 → Yan ling zhi bao fang 延齡至寶方 Yan ling zhi bao fang 延齡至寶方, “Extremely Precious recipes for Extending the age [of Children]” Lost pediatric text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN originally Zhong tong yan ling zhi bao fang 衆童延齡至寶方, “Extremely Precious Recipes for Extending the Age of All Children.” Written by → Yao Hezhong 姚和衆. DC Tang 唐 or before. 10 juan. Yao wrote another pediatric text, the → Tong zi mi jue 童子秘訣, but this is lost as well. The → ZLBC cites various recipes by Yao Hezhong, some of them pediatric, but does not specify which books these quotations were taken from. LSZ lists the Tong zi mi jue and the Yan ling zhi bao fang in his bibliographical sections and cites fragments of Yao’s works second hand from the ZLBC, referring to them as Yan ling zhi bao fang [4], as Yan ling fang 延齡方, “Recipes to Extend Age,” [2], as Zhi bao fang 至寶方, “Extremely Precious Recipes,” [9], as Yao Hezhong fang 姚和衆方, “Recipes of Yao Hezhong,” [8], or simply as Yao Hezhong [5]. One recipe labeled Yao Hezhong xiao er fang 姚和衆小兒方, “Yao Hezhong’s Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” in the ZLBC is quoted as Tong zi mi jue [1]. Yan nian fang 延年方 → Yan nian mi lu 延年秘錄 Yan nian mi lu 延年秘錄, “Secret record for Extending One’s years” Lost medical recipe book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” No author is recorded there. Sometimes attributed to the Jin 晉 author → Zhang Zhan 張湛, but Song 宋 bibliographers date the text to the Tang 唐 dynasty. 12 juan. Many fragments are quoted by the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. LSZ cites the text second hand as Yan nian mi lu [7], as Yan nian fang 延年方,

567 “Recipes for Extending One’s Years,” [5], and as Yan nian mi lu fang 延年秘錄方, “Recipes from the Secret Record for Extending One’s Years,” [1]. Yan nian mi lu fang 延年秘錄方 → Yan nian mi lu 延年秘錄 Yan pu 硯譜, “Inkstone Treatise” [1] One of four parts comprising the Wen fang si pu 文房四譜, “Four Treatises on the [Tools of the] Study,” (→ Zhi pu 紙譜) of → Su Yijian 蘇易簡. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections, referring it to Su shi 蘇氏, “Mr. Su.” Yan pu ou tan 檐曝偶談, “Occasional Conversations as the Sun Was Shining on the Eaves” [1] Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記), sometimes written Yan pu ou tan 簷曝偶談. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Gu Yuanqing 顧元慶. DC jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). 1 juan. The book did not circulate widely, but LSZ cites a fragment in SE xiao mai 小麥. Yan qin shu 演禽書, “Book on the Interpretation of animal Behavior” Probably lost book on fate and physiognomy. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author indicated. Judging from similar books existing during Qing 清 times, e.g., the Yan qin tong zuan 演禽通纂, “Comprehensive Compilation on the Interpretation of Animal Behavior,” and the Yan qin tu jue 演禽圖訣, “Illustrated Secret Instructions for the Interpretation of Animal Behavior,” such books concerned themselves with divination. They interpreted behavior like food preferences of the 36 animals in terms of the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches, star constellations, etc., in order to determine people’s fates. LSZ lists the book as Yan qin shu [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not use the name again in his main text. There, he refers instead to a Xing qin 星禽, “Stars and Animals,” [1], to a Xing qin shu 星禽書, “Book on Stars and Animals,” [1], a Qin shu 禽書, “Book of Animals,” [2], and to a Xing qin zhen xing tu 星禽真形圖, “Illustrations of the True Appearances of Stars and Animals,” [1]. All these texts seem to deal with divination and might be alternative names for the Yan qin shu, but which book LSZ actually used remains uncertain. Yan shan Liu shi fang 鹽山劉氏方, “recipe of Mr. Liu from yan shan” [1] Source of recipes, probably not a book. Liu shi 劉氏, “Mr. Liu,” was apparently a person of Ming 明 times or before, but further details are unavailable. LSZ cites a recipe of his second hand from the → Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方. Yan shan lu 燕山錄, “record of Mount yan” [1] Title of a book. Not listed in ancient or recent bibliographical sources. The Song 宋 author → Lu Dian 陸佃 cites a sentence from the work in the → Pi ya 埤雅. He attributes it to a Wei shi 韋氏, “Mr. Wei,” but does not provide any further details. LSZ cites this material second hand in SE zhu liu 竹䶉. yan shi 嚴氏 → Yan Yonghe 嚴用和 yan shi 顔氏 → Yan Zhitui 顔之推

568 yan Shigu 顔師古 (581-645) [11] This is Yan Zhou 顔籀, a Tang 唐 dynasty literatus usually known by his style name Shigu 師古. Originally from Lin yi 臨忻 in Lang xie 琅邪, now part of Shan dong 山東, his family later moved to Wan nian 萬年 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Yan held a post as Vice Director of the Secretariat (zhong shu shi lang 中書侍郎). He was the author of the Kuang miu zheng su 匡謬正俗, “Correcting Errors and Rectifying Customs.” (→ Kan miu zheng su 刊謬正俗) and of annotated editions of the → Ji jiu zhang 急就章 (the Ji jiu zhang zhu 急就章注, “Notes to the Essays for Swift Accomplishment”) and the → Han shu 漢書 (→ Han shu zhu 漢書注). Since the Han shu contains a → Shang lin fu 上林賦 of → Sima Xiangru 司馬相如, LSZ also refers to Yan’s annotations to this poem. Yan shi jia xun 顔氏家訓, “Family Precepts of Mr. yan” Northern Qi 齊 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Yan Zhitui 顔之推. 7 juan (present edition 2 juan). The book discusses methods for managing a household and establishing oneself in society, it attempts to correct fallacies of prevailing customs and gives advice for the education of descendants. It is based on traditional Confucian values but also includes Buddhist ideas of karma. The → ZLBC quotes the book frequently, and LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Yan shi jia xun [1] but does not take over any material from the ZLBC. He does, however, cite one fragment from the original book in his main text as Yan Zhitui jia xun 顔之推家訓, “Family Precepts of Yan Zhitui,” [1]. Yan Shigu zhu 顔師古注 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Yan Shigu zhu Han shu 顔師古注漢書 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Yan Shigu zhu Shang lin fu 顔師古注上林賦 → Shang lin fu 上林賦 Yan shou fang 延壽方 → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書 Yan shou shu 延壽書 → San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書 Yan shou zhu fang 延壽諸方, “Various recipes for Extending Life” [1] Sources for pharmaceutical treatments. LSZ mentions the term yan shou zhu fang in SE yang 羊 when summing up of the therapeutic indications of goat’s blood. None of the names or book titles including the characters yan shou 延壽 mentioned in the BCGM are associated with the application of goat’s blood, and the material collected by LSZ in this context originates from works such as the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, or the → Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異. It can therefore be assumed that the term yan shou is not an abbreviated book title but a general reference to books on healthcare. yan Situi 顔思退 [1] Northern Song 宋 official, a lackey (ya ya 押衙) in Hu nan 湖南. The → ZLBC quotes the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  with a a recipe of Yan’s for the treatment of “head wind with clonic pain” (tou feng zhe teng 頭風掣疼). LSZ cites this in SE mi la 蜜蠟.

569 Yan tie lun 鹽鐵論, “discourses on Salt and Iron” [2] Western Han 漢 dynasty book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Compiled by → Huan Kuan 桓寬. 10 juan, 60 chapters. The book contains the literary leavings of the debates on salt and iron that took place under → Han Zhao di 漢昭帝 (r. 87-74 BCE) in 81 BC. The discussion about government monopolies, transportation, etc., was carried out by two opposing factions. Its contents touched upon general questions of government, economy, military affairs, and cultural issues. LSZ lists the text in his bibliographical sections and cites material on different names of the otter (shui ta 水獺) in the main text. Yan Wu xing ji 燕吳行紀, “Travel records from yan and Wu” [2] Abbreviation for the Yan Wu xing yi ji 燕吳行役紀, “Records of a Mission to Yan and Wu,” a lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by an unidentifiable Zhang shi 張氏, “Mr. Zhang.” DC reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐 宣宗 (r. 846-859). 2 juan. The book records conditions observed by a person called Zhang Yunzhong 張允中 during a journey from Yan 燕 to Huai nan 淮南, but whether this is the author is uncertain. The book is quoted in the → TJBC, and LSZ cites the book second hand, referring it to Mr. Zhang every time. yan Xiaozhong 閻孝忠 [10] Northern Song 宋 dynasty expert in pediatrics, fl. 11th to 12th centuries. Incorrectly also called Yan Jizhong 閻季忠. Style name Ziqin 資欽, a man of Da liang 大梁, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南 (AV Xu chang 許昌 in He nan). While holding a court office, his father got to know the medical official → Qian Yi 錢乙, who frequently treated the young Xiaozhong for various diseases. Yan Xiaozhong later collected and revised Qian’s transmitted medical writings and recipes to produce the Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒藥證直訣, “Straightforward Instructions for Medicinal [Treatment of ] Disease Signs in Children,” (→ Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣). His own materials he appended to the end of that work. This part is now called the Yan shi xiao er fang lun 閻氏小兒方論, “Mr. Yan’s Recipes and Discourses on [the Treatment of ] Children,” and cited as → Ji xiao fang 集效方  by LSZ. Yan also wrote a Chong guang bao sheng xin xiao fang 重 廣保生信效方, “Repeatedly Expanded Reliable Efficacious Recipes to Preserve Life,” (→ Xin xiao fang 信效方), which is now lost. yan Xiu 延秀 [3] Tang 唐 dynasty person, father of → He Shouwu 何首烏 and son of → Tian’er 田兒. LSZ mentions him in SE he shou wu 何首烏. Yan yi 衍義 → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義 Yan yi bu yi 衍義補遺 → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 yan yonghe 嚴用和 (c. 1206-1268) Southern Song 宋 physician. Style name Zili 子禮, a man of Lu shan 廬山, now Jiu jiang 九江 in Jiang xi 江西. Yan began studying medicine with Liu Kai 劉 開 at the age of twelve, and at the age of 18 he had already gained fame for his

570 medical skills. He created many new recipes and was the author of the → Ji sheng fang 濟生方 and the Ji sheng xu fang 濟生續方, “Sequel to the Recipes to Benefit Life.” LSZ refers to him as Yan Yonghe [5], as Yan Zili 嚴子禮 [2], and as Yan shi 嚴氏, “Mr. Yan,” [1]. yan youyi 嚴有翼 [1] Southern Song 宋 official, fl. during the 12th century. A man of Jian an 建安. Held educational posts in Quan zhou 泉州 and Jing zhou 荊州 and local posts in Dan yang 丹陽 and Xuan cheng 宣城. Author of the → Yi yuan ci huang 藝 苑雌黃. yan yuexuan 嚴月軒 [4] Song 宋 dynasty physician. No details about his life available. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 cites a recipe for the treatment of “wind swelling” (feng zhong 風腫) and toothache (ya tong 牙痛) that was transmitted in Yan’s family. From this material we know that Yan was a contemporary of → Ma Minshu 馬敏叔, who, in turn, is cited in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 of 1196. Thus, we can approximately date Yan to the Southern Song dynasty. Yan Yuexuan fang 嚴月軒方, “recipes of yan yuexuan” [3] Source of recipes, probably not a book. EE → Pu ji fang 普濟方. A recipe with si gua 絲瓜 of → Yan Yuexuan 嚴月軒 for the treatment of “wind swelling” (feng zhong 風腫) and toothache (ya tong 牙痛) was transmitted through many hands to be cited in the Pu ji fang. LSZ turns this into a book title in his bibliography and cites the Pu ji fang material in his main text, breaking up the original recipe into three separate ones. yan Zhitui 顔之推 (531- c. 590) Northern Qi 齊 literatus. Style name Jie 介, a man of Lin yi 臨沂 in Lang xie 琅邪, now part of Shan dong 山東. He held a court office and was governor (tai shou 太守) of Ping yuan 平原. Author of the → Yan shi jia xun 顔氏家訓, a household manual mainly based upon traditional Confucian ideals but also some Buddhist ideas, and the → Ji sheng fu 稽聖賦. LSZ refers to him as Yan Zhitui [1] and within the title of his book as Yan shi 顔氏, “Mr. Yan,” [1]. Yan Zhitui jia xun 顔之推家訓 → Yan shi jia xun 顔氏家訓 yan zhong cheng 嚴中丞, “Vice Censor-in chief yan” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外 臺秘要方 cites a recipe to turn white hair and moustache black again from the → Jin xiao fang 近效方, which was apparently obtained from one Yan zhong shu 嚴中書, “Palace Secretary Yan.” LSZ takes this over in SE po luo de 婆羅得 but incorrectly writes Yan zhong cheng 嚴中丞. yan Zhu 嚴助 (died 122 BCE) [1] Western Han writer of ci fu 辭賦 poetry. His original surname Zhuang 莊 was changed due to a naming taboo. A man of Wu 吳 in Kuai ji 會稽, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He served → Han Wu di 漢武帝 as a Grand Master of the Palace (zhong dai fu 中大夫) and later became governor (tai shou 太守) of his home area. Some 35 of his fu are known, but none of them survive. Yan Zhu

571 is said to have been presented the → Xiang bei jing 相貝經 by the legendary immortal → Zhu Zhong 朱仲. yan zi 晏子, “Master yan” [1] Abbreviation for the → Yan zi chun qiu 晏子春秋 or the honorific title of Yan Ying 晏嬰 (died c. 500 BCE), a senior official of the state of Qi 齊 during the Spring and Autumn Period. Style name Pingzhong 平仲, a man of Yi wei 夷維, now Gao mi 高蜜 in Shan dong 山東. He served three generations of rulers in Qi and was known for his good government. The author of the Yan zi chun qiu falsely assumed this name for authorship, gathering the words and deeds of Yan Ying to produce his text. Yan zi chun qiu 晏子春秋, “The Spring and autumn annals of Master yan” Pre-Han 漢 book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” but mentioned as early as the → Shi ji 史記. AN Yan zi 晏子, “Master Yan.” Attributed to the Spring and Autumn period official Yan Ying 晏嬰 (→ Yan zi 晏子) but actually written by a somewhat later author who assembled the words and deeds of Yan Ying and falsely assumed his name for authorship. 8 juan, 215 chapters. LSZ cites the book as Yan zi chun qiu [1] in his bibliographical sections and as Yan zi [1] in the main text. yan Zili 嚴子禮 → Yan Yonghe 嚴用和 yang Cheng 楊誠 Ming 明 or pre-Ming dynasty author of the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (15). Further details are unavailable. LSZ refers to him as Yang Cheng [13] and in SE zao jia 皂莢 of the Jin ling 金陵 edition erroneously as Xiang Cheng 相誠 [1]. yang Chengzhai 楊誠齋 → Yang Wanli 楊萬里 yang daoqing 楊道慶 [1] Southern Qi 齊 dynasty man. He lived in Wu xing 吳興 during the reign of Wu di 武帝 (r. 483-493) and suffered from “depletion” (xu 虛) disease for 20 years. Later he underwent a miraculous cure by moxibustion that is recorded in the → Nan shi 南史. LSZ takes this over. yang dengfu 楊登甫 → Yang Shiying 楊士瀛 yang di 煬帝 → Sui Yang di 隋煬帝 yang fei 楊妃 → Yang gui fei 楊貴妃 yang Fu 楊孚 [2] Eastern Han 漢 high official. Style name Xiaoyuan 孝元, a man of Nan hai 南 海, now part of Guang zhou 廣州. He became a Court Gentleman (yi lang 議 郞) during the jian chu 建初 reign period (76-84) and served in this position under the emperors Zhang di 章帝 (r. 75-88) and He di 和帝 (r. 88-106). Later he became head of Lin hai 臨海 commandery. Author of the Nan yi yi wu zhi 南 裔異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern Borderlands,” (→ Yi wu zhi 異物志 ) and of a Lin hai shui tu ji 臨海水土記, “Records of the Waters and Lands of Lin hai.”

572 yang Gong 楊拱 [13] Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. late 16th century. A man of Heng zhou 衡州, now Heng yang 衡陽 in Hu nan 湖南. Together with Zheng Yangong 鄭言共 he cured the emissary Chen Yanye 陳燕野 from a disease. On Chen’s orders, Yang compiled a collection of recipes he considered effective to produce the → Yi fang zhai yao 醫方摘要. yang gong 羊公 [1] Immortal of Song 宋 times or before. The → Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠 方, mentions a Sui Yang gong 随羊公, stating that he regularly ingested a recipe with solomon’s seal, huang jing 黃精, to attain immortality. → Su Song 蘇 頌, when quoting this in his → TJBC, changed the character Sui 隨 to Sui 隋, which may signify both a surname and a dynasty. LSZ, citing second hand from the TJBC, apparently interpreted this as the latter, turning Sui 隋 into Sui shi 隋 時, “during the Sui dynasty.” This dating of a historical person called Yang gong is obviously unfounded. yang gui fei 楊貴妃 (719-756) This is Yang Taizhen 楊太真, the imperial concubine of → Tang Xuan zong 唐 玄宗. Childhood name Yuhuan 玉環. A native of Yong le 永樂 in Pu zhou 蒲 州, now in the southwest of Rui cheng 芮城 in Shan xi 山西. She entered the palace in 744 and soon became the emperor’s favorite. After gaining the title of First-ranking Concubine (gui fei 貴妃), she used her position to advance the power of her relatives. Her influence is considered to have been one of the causes of the An Lu shan 安祿山 rebellion. LSZ cites two methods for quenching thirst associated with her from the → Kai yuan tian bao yi shi 開元天寶遺事. He refers to her as Yang gui fei [2] and Yang fei 楊妃 [1]. yang Guihou 楊歸厚 Tang 唐 dynasty official. Details about his native place are lacking, but during the yuan he 元和 reign period (806-820) he held various local posts. Author of the → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方. LSZ refers to him as Yang Guihou [1] and as Yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. Yang,” [29]. yang Jianshi 楊建始 [1] Name of an immortal, said to have obtained longevity and to have produced many sons by ingesting wine with wu jia 五加. LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites this story from an assumed → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經. yang Jie 楊介 (fl early 12th century) Northern Song 宋 physician. Style name Jilao 吉老. A man of Si zhou 泗州, now Xu yi 盱眙 in Jiang su 江蘇. From a family of doctors, he attained a post as imperial physician. During the chong ning 崇寧 reign period (1101-1106), he wrote the anatomical work Cun zhen huan zhong tu 存真環中圖, “Illustrations of the Circle’s Center that Preserve the Real,” and other texts. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 and various Song brush notes (bi ji 筆記) include incidents connected with him. LSZ takes some of these stories over, referring to Yang as Yang Jie [2], Yang Jilao 楊吉老 [3], and Jilao [3], among them one about the cure of

573 → Yang Lizhi 楊立之 from a throat abscess, which he cites from the → Lei shuo 類説. yang Jilao 楊吉老 → yang Jie 楊介 yang Jing 楊倞 [2] Tang 唐 dynasty official known for his critical mind. Author of an annotated edition of the → Xun zi 荀子 , the Xun zi zhu 荀子注, “Notes to the Xun zi.” LSZ mentions him in connection with this work, which he cites as → Yang Jing zhu Xun zi 楊倞注荀子. Yang Jing zhu Xun zi 楊倞注荀子, “The Xun zi, annotated by yang Jing” [2] This is the Xun zi zhu 荀子注, “Notes to the Xun zi,” a Tang 唐 dynasty annotated edition of the → Xun zi 荀子 . Written by → Yang Jing 楊倞. Yang based his work on a Han 漢 revision by → Liu Xiang 劉向. He was the first to suspect that the last six chapters of the Xun zi were not written by → Xun zi 荀子  himself but by later authors. Yang ke man bi 養疴漫筆, “Literary Notes Written during recuperation” [5] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Zhao Jin 趙溍. DC xian chun 咸淳 reign period (1265-1274). 1 juan. The book variously records trivial matters from Song times with some medical items at the end. Most of the book is drawn from other texts such as the → Tan zhai bi heng 坦齋筆衡, the → He lin yu lu 鶴林玉露, or the Rui gui tang xia lu 瑞桂堂暇錄, “Leisure Records from Rui gui Hall.” yang Kui 楊夔 [1] Late Tang 唐 literatus, fl. 2nd half of the 9th century. Obtained the degree of xiu cai 秀才, “Cultivated Talent.” The → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華 contains two discourses of his, and one of them, the → Zhi du lun 止妒論, is cited in by LSZ in SE lian que 練鵲. Yang lao fang 養老方 → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書 Yang lao shu 養老書 → Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書 yang Lianfu 楊廉夫 → Yang Weizhen 楊維楨 yang Lizhi 楊立之 Northern Song 宋 official, a man of Pu cheng 浦城 in Jian zhou 建州, now part of Fu jian 福建. Jin shi during the qing li 慶歷 reign period (1041-1048), held a local post in Guang zhou 廣州. LSZ cites a story second hand from the → Lei shuo 類説 in which Yang is cured by Yang Jilao 楊吉老 (→ Yang Jie 楊介) from a throat abscess, but he erroneously writes his name Yang Xuanzhi 楊玄之 [1]. yang Mian 楊勔 [1] Northern Song 宋 scholar, a man of Huai xi 淮西. In his mid-age he fell ill with an “echo-bug disease” (ying sheng chong ji 應聲蟲疾) and was cured after ingesting omphalia. This is reported in the → Dun zhai xian lan 遁齋閑覽 and taken over by LSZ in SE lei wan 雷丸.

574 yang Qi 楊起 Ming 明 dynasty physician, fl. mid-16th century. Style name Yuanlin 遠林, literary name Changbing laoren 長病老人, “Old Man with a Long-lasting Illness.” A man of Kun shan 崑山, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. Author of the Jing yan qi xiao dan fang 經驗奇效單方, “Tried and Proven, Particularly Efficacious Single Substance Recipes,” (→ Jian bian fang 簡便方). LSZ refers to him as Yang Qi [29] and as Yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. Yang,” [2]. yang Qingsou 楊清叟 [5] Yuan 元 dynasty physician. A man of He chuan 禾川 in the southwest of present-day Ji an 吉安 in Jiang xi 江西. Author of a Wai ke ji yan fang 外科集驗 方, “Collected Proven Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments],” (→ Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳). Yang Qingsou wai ke 楊清叟外科 → Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳 yang Quan 楊泉 (c. 3rd century) [1] Late Wei 魏, early Jin 晉 period philosopher. Style name Deyuan 德淵, a man of Liang guo 梁國, now in the south of Shang qiu 商丘 in He nan 河南. He lived as a recluse all his life and wrote many books, including the → Wu li lun 物理論. yang renzhai 楊仁齋 → Yang Shiying 楊士瀛 yang Shen 楊慎 (1488-1559) Ming 明 dynasty scholar. Style name Yongxiu 用修, literary name Sheng’an 昇 庵, “Rising Hut.” A man of Xin du 新都 in Si chuan 四川, first-ranking jin shi in 1511. He received a Han lin 翰林 Academy appointment but was banished to a regional post in Yun nan 雲南 during the reign of Emperor Shi zong 世宗 (→ Shi zong Su huang di 世宗肅皇帝, r. 1521-1566). He was one of the leading scholars of his generation and the author of more than 100 pieces of writing. His disciple Zhang Shipei 張士佩 compiled his most important works into the Sheng’an ji 昇庵集, “Collection of [Yang] Sheng’an,” (→ Yang Sheng’an ji 楊昇 庵集,) during the wan li 萬歷 reign period (1573-1620). In addition to that, his disciples compiled some of Yang’s texts with the term dan qian 丹鉛, “Cinnabar and Lead,” in the title to produce the Dan qian zong lu 丹鉛總錄, “General Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄). Yang was a slightly younger contemporary of LSZ, who knew of Yang’s reputation and esteemed his books. He cites a number of them, i.e., the Dan qian lu, the Yang Sheng’an ji, and the → Zhi yan 巵言, referring to Yang as Yang Shen [25], as Yang Sheng’an 楊 昇庵 [2], and as Yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. Yang,” [2]. Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方, “recipes that Must be used to Nurture Life” [1] Medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Gu jin lu yan yang sheng bi yong fang 古今 錄驗養生必用方, “Recipes that Must be Used to Nurture Life, Recorded and Proven in Ancient and Modern Times.” Written by → Chu Yushi 初虞世. DC 1097. 3 juan (AV 16 juan). The text was considered detailed and easy to use. It is now lost, but fragments are quoted in the → ZLBC, which attributes it to Chu.

575 LSZ takes this over in his bibliography but in addition erroneously attributes the → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方 of → Zhen Liyan 甄立言 to Chu Yushi. Therefore his references to Chu might refer to the Yang sheng bi yong fang as well as the Gu jin lu yan fang. Also, the material on Chu’s warning against the “golden tiger and green cloud elixir” (jin hu bi xia dan 金虎碧霞丹) is actually taken from the → Qi dong ye yu 齊東野語, so it seems unlikely that LSZ ever saw the original Yang sheng bi yong fang. LSZ cites another → Bi yong fang 必用方 in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM without indication of an author, probably giving the Yang sheng bi yong fang a double entry. Yang sheng fang 養生方, “recipes to Nurture Life” [1] Medical recipe book. LSZ does not list any book of this name in his bibliographical sections but cites one recipe from it in the main text. This is a second hand quotation of the → Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方 taken from the → ZLBC, so the reference to a Yang sheng fang is probably an error. Yang sheng ji 養生集, “Collection of Nurturing Life” [1] Title of book. Not listed in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM or in any other bibliographical source. LSZ cites it in SE shu 秫, but his source remains uncertain. Yang sheng ji yao 養生集要 → Yang sheng yao ji 養生要集 Yang sheng lun 養生論, “discourse on Nurturing Life” [6] Section of a Three Kingdoms period book by → Ji Kang 嵇康 from the state of Wei 魏. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. The text explains the principles of life cultivation and is frequently quoted by Northern and Southern Dynasties, Tang 唐, and Song 宋 authors. It is preserved in the Ji Zhongsan ji 嵇中散集, “Collection of Ji Zhongsan.” LSZ, treating it as a separate book, gives the text an entry in his bibliography and cites it in the main text. Yang sheng yao ji 養生要集, “Collection of Essentials for Nurturing Life” Eastern Jin 晉 book on life cultivation. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Zhang Zhan 張湛. The book assembled Daoist arts of life cultivation that were developing during the time of its compilation and claimed to contain material going as far back as the mythical culture heroes. It was still extant in Tang times and even circulated in Japan but was lost in subsequent centuries. Fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other encyclopedias. LSZ incorrectly cites the text as Yang sheng ji yao 養生集要, “Collected Essentials for Nurturing Life,” [1] in SE jing 粳. Yang sheng zhu lun 養生主論, “discourse on the Principles of Nurturing Life” Yuan dynasty text on life cultivation. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Complete name Tai ding yang sheng zhu lun 泰定養 生主論, “The Tai ding Reign Period Discourse on the Principles of Nurturing Life.” Written by Wang Gui 王珪 (→ Wang Yinjun 王隱君). DC completed 1338. 16 juan. The author began writing his book in 1324, the first year of the tai ding 泰定 reign period (1324-1329), thus the regnal title in the name. The title is

576 also a reference to the → Zhuang zi 莊子 , which contains a chapter called Yang sheng zhu 養生主, “The Principles of Nurturing Life,” and in chapter 23, the Geng sang chu 庚桑楚 , “Chapter of Geng sang Chu,” refers to one whose mind is “peaceful and stable” (tai ding 泰定). The text purports that knowing one’s mind through life cultivation enables people to avoid error and distortion. It discusses the stages of life from childhood to old age and the principles of preserving one’s health. It also contains some recipes for the treatment of common diseases. LSZ quotes the book as Yang sheng zhu lun [7] and by the name of the author as Wang Yinjun [4] or erroneously as Wang Yinzhe 王隱者 [1]. yang Sheng’an 楊昇庵 → Yang Shen 楊慎 Yang Sheng’an ji 楊昇庵集, “Collection of yang Sheng’an” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Sheng’an ji 昇庵集, “Collection of [Yang] Sheng’an,” a Ming dynasty anthology written by → Yang Shen 楊慎 (literary name Sheng’an 昇庵). 81 juan. The text is a collection of the author’s elucidations of the classics, his poetry, brush notes (bi ji 筆記), and other writings. LSZ lists the text in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. yang” Name of various authors, the associated book title mostly determining who is being referred to. References to a Yang shi [3] or a → Yang shi fang 楊氏方 [2] where this is not the case remain uncertain.  [29] In connection with the → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方, this is → Yang Guihou 楊歸厚.  [3] Unidentifiable author of the → Yi zhen tang jing yan fang 頤真堂經驗方

 [1] In connection with the → Luo yang qie lan ji 洛陽伽藍記 this is Yang Xuanzhi 楊衒之 (AV Yang Xuanzhi 羊衒之), a Northern Wei 魏 official and literatus. He held civil and military offices and is said to have been especially interested in Buddhist scriptures. After the fall of the Northern Wei, he composed the Luo yang qie lan ji.

 [2] → Yang Qi 楊起, author of the Jing yan qi xiao dan fang 經驗奇效單方, “Tried and Proven, Particularly Efficacious Single Substance Recipes,” (→ Jian bian fang 簡便方).  [37] In connection with the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方, this is → Yang Tan 楊倓.

 [3] In connection with the → Renzhai zhi zhi fang 仁齋直指方, this is → Yang Shiying 楊士瀛.  [2] In connection with the → Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄, this is → Yang Shen 楊慎.

 [1] In Yang shi ying hai bao jian 楊氏嬰孩寶鑒, “Mr. Yang’s Precious Mirror for [the Treatment of ] Children,” this is an erroneous reference to → Tang Heng 湯衡, author of the → Ying hai bao shu 嬰孩寶書.  [1] In connection with the → Fu zi zhuan 附子傳, this is → Yang Tianhui 楊天惠.

577  [13] Unidentifiable author of the → Yang shi jing yan fang 楊氏經驗方. Yang shi chan ru 楊氏產乳 → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方 Yang shi chan ru fang 楊氏產乳方 → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方 Yang shi chan ru ji yan fang 楊氏產乳集驗方 → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方 Yang shi fang 楊氏方, “recipes of Mr. yang” [2] Uncertain reference to either the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 or the → Yang shi jing yan fang 楊氏經驗方. Yang shi fu zi ji 楊氏附子記 → Fu zi zhuan 附子傳 Yang shi jia cang 楊氏家藏 → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方, “recipes Preserved in the Family of Mr. yang” Southern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Yang Tan 楊倓. DC 1178. 20 juan. The text includes 1111 recipes categorized by disease. LSZ cites the book as Yang shi jia cang fang [28], as Yang shi jia cang 楊氏 家藏, “Preserved in the Family of Mr. Yang,” [8], as Jia cang jing yan fang 家藏經 驗方, “Proven Recipes Preserved in the Family,” [2], as Yang shi jia cang jing yan fang 楊氏家藏經驗方, “Proven Recipes Preserved in the Family of Mr. Yang,” and as Jia cang fang 家藏方, “Recipes Preserved in the Family,” [3]. References to a Yang shi fang 楊氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Yang,” [2] may be to some other work, possibly the → Yang shi jing yan fang 楊氏經驗方. Yang shi jia cang jing yan fang 楊氏家藏經驗方 → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家 藏方 Yang shi jing yan 楊氏經驗 → Yang shi jing yan fang 楊氏經驗方 Yang shi jing yan fang 楊氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. yang” Lost medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable Yang shi 楊氏,“Mr. Yang.” DC uncertain. LSZ cites the book as Yang shi jing yan fang [10] in his bibliographical sections and the main text and also refers to it as Yang shi jing yan 楊氏經驗, “Tried and Proven by Mr. Yang,” [3]. References to a Yang shi fang 楊氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Yang,” [2] may be to some other work, possibly the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方. Whether the → Jing yan fang 經驗方 (15) of an otherwise unknown → Yang Cheng 楊誠 cited in the main text is the same book remains uncertain. Yang shi ying hai bao jian 楊氏嬰孩寶鑒 → Ying hai bao shu 嬰孩寶書, → Ying hai bao jian 嬰孩寶鑒 yang Shicheng 楊士丞 → Yang si cheng 楊寺丞 yang Shiying 楊士瀛 Southern Song 宋 medical writer, fl. 2nd half of the 13th century. Style name Dengfu 登父, literary name Renzhai 仁齋, “Studio of Humanity.” A man of San shan 三山 (AV Huai an 懷安), now Fu zhou 福州 in Fu jian 福建. Author of the Renzhai xiao er fang lun 仁齋小兒方論, “[Yang] Renzhai’s Discourses and Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” the Shang han lei shu huo ren

578 zong kuo 傷寒類書活人總括, “Summary of the Categorized Books on Harm Caused by Cold to Save People’s Lives,” the Yi xue zhen jing 醫學真經, “True Classic of Medical Studies,” the Renzhai zhi zhi fang mai lun 仁齋直指方脈論, “Straightforward Guide to Recipes, [Movements in the] Vessels, and Discourses of [Yang] Renzhai,” the Cha mai zong kuo 察脈總括, “Summary on the Examination of the [Movements in the] Vessels,” the Renzhai zhi zhi fang lun 仁齋直 指方論, “Straightforward Guide to Recipes and Discourses of [Yang] Renzhai” (→ Renzhai zhi zhi fang 仁齋直指方), and other books. LSZ refers to Yang as Yang Shiying [29], Yang Renzhai 楊仁齋 [11], as Yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. Yang,” [3], and erroneously as Yang Dengfu 楊登甫 [1]. yang si cheng 楊寺丞, “Clerk yang” Northern Song 宋 official. According to the → Ming yi lu 名醫錄, a woman from his household once suffered from “bone steaming” (gu zheng 骨蒸) and was cured by one → Chu zhou Wu yi 處州吳醫. LSZ cites this story second hand in SE shi gao 石膏 but erroneously writes his name Yang Shicheng 楊士丞 [1]. yang Sunzhi 楊損之 (8th century) Tang 唐 dynasty military official and medical expert. He held posts in Run zhou 潤州, now Zhen jiang 鎮江 in Jiang su 江蘇. The → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 suspects he was active after the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741). Author of the → Shan fan ben cao 刪繁本草. LSZ refers to him as Yang Sunzhi [13] and Sunzhi 損之 [4]. yang Tan 楊倓 (c. 1120-1185) Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Zijing 子靖. Originally from Guo xian 崞 縣 in Dai zhou 代州 (now between Dai xian 代縣 and Yuan ping 原平 in Shan xi 山西), he held various central and local posts but was impeached in 1178. Out of office he compiled his family recipes and other recipes that came to his attention to create the → Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方. LSZ refers to him as Yang Tan [4] and within book titles as Yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. Yang,” [37]. yang Tianhui 楊天惠 (1048-1118) Northern Song 宋 official and expert in pharmaceutics. Style name Youfu 佑 甫 (AV Youfu 佑父), literary name Xizhou wenbo 西州文伯, “Literary Uncle of Xi zhou.” A man of Qi xian 郪縣, now San tai 三臺 in Si chuan 四川 (AV Pi xian 郫縣 in Si chuan, but he may only have moved there in his old age). Jin shi during the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1085). Yang held various regional posts in Si chuan and was the author of the Zhang ming fu zi ji 彰明附 子記, “Records on Processed Aconite from Zhang ming,” (→ Fu zi zhuan 附子 傳) and other books. LSZ refers to him as Yang Tianhui [2] and as Yang shi 楊 氏, “Mr. Yang,” [1]. yang Wanli 楊萬里 (1127-1206) Southern Song 宋 poet. Style name Tingxiu 廷秀, literary name Chengzhai xiansheng 誠齋先生, “Gentleman of the Studio of Honesty.” A man of Ji shui 吉 水, now part of Jiang xi 江西, jin shi during the shao xing 紹興 reign period (11311163). He held a court post but was mainly known for his poetry. Using a novel

579 and exquisite style of composition and simple but lucid language, he founded his own school of poetry. Yang wrote a Cheng zhai yi zhuan 誠齋易傳, “[Yang] Chengzhai’s Commentary on the Yi jing,” and other books, and his works are collected in the → Chengzhai ji 誠齋集. LSZ refers to Yang as Yang Wanli [2] and as Yang Chengzhai 楊誠齋 [3]. yang Weizhen 楊維楨 (1296-1370) Late Yuan literatus and calligrapher. Style name Lianfu 廉夫, literary name Tieya 鐵崖, “Iron Cliff,” Dongwei zi 東維子, “Master Dongwei.” A man of Zhu ji 諸暨, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi during the tai ding 泰定 reign period (1324-1328). He held local offices but retired to Song jiang 松江 in his later years. After the rise of the Ming 明 he did not take up any office anymore. Yang was the author of numerous books and his works are collected in the Dongwei zi wen ji 東維子文集, “Literary Collection of Master Dongwei,” the → Tieya ji 鐵崖 集, and the Tieya xiansheng gu yue fu 鐵崖先生古樂府, “Ancient Yue fu of [Yang] Tieya.” LSZ refers to Yang as Yang Weizhen [2] and as Yang Lianfu 楊廉夫 [1]. Yang Wenwei fang 楊文蔚方, “recipes of yang Wenwei” [2] Source of pharmaceutical recipes, probably not a book. The → ZLBC quotes recipes by Yang Wenwei to cure “phlegm cough” (tan sou 痰嗽) and “obstruction-illness with ulcer” (yong yang 癰瘍). During the yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1093), Yang served as a medical official at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and as instructor at the Imperial Medical Service (tai yi ju 太醫局). Further details about his life are unavailable. LSZ cites recipes of his in SE gua lou 栝樓. yang Xin 羊欣 (361-433) [1] Jin 晉 and Liu Song 劉宋 official and physician. Style name Jingyuan 敬元, a man of Nan cheng 南城 in Tai shan 泰山. Yang was a Confucian scholar and was considered honest and skilled in diagnosis and treatment. He held various official posts and has a biography in the → Song shu 宋書. Yang compiled a 10 juan work of recipes, and LSZ takes over his name from another source. yang Xiong 揚雄 (53-18 BCE) Western Han 漢 literatus, philosopher, and lexicographer, sometimes written Yang Xiong 楊雄. Style name Ziyun 子雲, a man of Cheng du 成都 in Shu 蜀, now part of Si chuan 四川. He served in government both under the Han and under → Wang Mang 王莽. Yang, imitating the → Er ya 爾雅, compiled the → Fang yan 方言, imitating the Lun yu 論語, “Analects,” the → Fa yan 法言, and, imitating the → Zhou yi 周易, a Tai xuan 太玄, “Great Darkness.” His other works include a → Shu wang ben ji 蜀王本紀 and a → Gan quan fu 甘泉賦. LSZ cites most of these works, referring to Yang as Yang Xiong 揚雄 [21] and Yang Xiong 楊雄 [5]. yang Xiong 楊雄 → Yang Xiong 揚雄 yang Xuanzhi 楊玄之 → Yang Lizhi 楊立之

580 yang Xun 楊珣 [1] Ming dynasty author. Style name Chuyu 楚玉, further details unavailable. Compiled the → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法  during the jing tai 景泰 reign period (1450-1456). yang yan 楊炎 [5] Man of the Northern Song 宋 dynasty or earlier. No further details available. Attributed author of the → Nan xing fang 南行方. There is a biography of a Yang Yan in the → Tang shu 唐書, but that is most probably not the same person. Yang Yaofu fang 楊堯輔方, “recipes of yang yaofu” [2] Source of recipes, probably not a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. There is no such book listed in any other bibliography. Thus, Yang Yaofu was apparently the person who transmitted the recipe quoted in the main text of the BCGM, and LSZ turns this into a book title in his bibliographical sections. yang yi 楊億 (974-1020) [7] Northern Song 宋 official and scholar. Style name Danian 大年, posthumous name Yang Wengong 楊文公, “Yang the Literary Lord.” A man of Pu cheng 浦 城 in Jian zhou 建州, now part of Fu jian 福建, jin shi during the shun hua 淳 化 reign period (990-995). Yang served at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and at the historiographer’s office. He helped compile the → Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜, the Song Tai zong shi lu 宋太宗實錄, “Veritable Records of Song Tai zong,” and other books and is also known for his poetry. His disciple Huang Jian 黃鑒 followed Yang on his travels and recorded his master’s conversations about unusual things and events. This material was revised and abridged by Song Xiang 宋庠 to produce the → Tan yuan 談苑. yang yi lao Zhu 瘍醫老祝, “Old Zhu, the Wound doctor” [1] Song 宋 dynasty physician. Personal name unknown. Expert in curing abscesses, wounds, and ulcers. LSZ, in SE zhu sha 朱砂, reports his attempts at curing → Zhou tui guan 周推官 from an “impediment illness” (ju 疽) on his back. yang yu 楊嵎 [1] Northern Song 宋 person. According to the → Tan yuan 談苑, he once suffered from an ulcer and was cured. LSZ cites this in SE xiong huang 雄黃. Yang zhu jing 養豬經, “The Classic of raising Pigs” [1] Lost book. EE Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL), not recorded in any of the standard bibliographies and not quoted in any later text. Legend has it that the immortal → Shangqiu zi 商丘子 loved to raise pigs, and according to the → Bo wu zhi 博 物志 , he had his own method of breeding them. It is to be suspected that the Yang zhu jing was compiled under his name by another author. LSZ takes over the fragment from the MYBL in SE zi 梓. yang Zijian 楊子建 [10] This is the style name of Yang Kanghou 楊康侯, a Northern Song 宋 physician, fl. late 11th century. Additional style name is Tuixiu 退修, a man of Qing shen 青神, now part of Si chuan 四川. Author of the → Wan quan hu ming fang 萬

581 全護命方, the Shi chan lun 十產論, “Ten Paragraphs Discourse on Birth,” and other books. yang Zunyan 楊遵彥 (551-560) [1] This is the style name of Yang Yin 楊愔, a Northern Qi 齊 high official. A man of Hua yin 華陰 in Hong nong 弘農, now part of Shaan xi 陝西. He held various offices and became Director of the Department of State Affairs (shang shu ling 尚書令). The Bei Qi shu 北齊書, “History of Northern Qi,” and the → Bei shi 北史 record that he suffered from an “obstruction-illness” (yong 癰) on his back that was cured by the famous physician → Ma Siming 馬嗣明 using cu huang shi 粗黃石. The → TJBC relates this story, and LSZ takes it over in SE mai fan shi 麥飯石. yangcheng Xuqu 陽城胥渠 Late Spring and Autumn period official of the state of Jin 晉. According to the → Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋, → Zhao Jianzi 趙簡子 killed his beloved mule and took its liver to cure Yangcheng Kenqu of a disease. In SE luo 騾, LSZ refers to him as Kenqu 胥渠 [1] and erroneously as Yangcheng Quken 陽城渠胥 [1], a mistake that was corrected in some editions of the BCGM. yangcheng Quxu 陽城渠胥 → Yangcheng Xuqu 陽城胥渠 yanshan 演山 Abbreviation for the nickname Yanshan shengweng 演山省翁, “Frugal Old Man of Yan shan,” a Yuan 元 dynasty expert in pediatrics, probably from the South. Fl. 2nd half of the 13th century. His given name is unknown, and details about his life are unavailable. Author of the → Huo you kou yi 活幼口議, which is sometimes also attributed to → Zeng Shirong 曾世榮. LSZ refers to the Yanshan shengweng as Yanshan [2] and as Yanshan shi 演山氏, “Mr. Yanshan.” yanshan shi 演山氏 → Yanshan 演山 yanwen 言聞 → Li Yanwen 李言聞 yanxiu 彥修 → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 Yanzhou zhi yan 弇州巵言, “uncertain Words by [Wang] yanzhou” [1] Name of a text mentioned in the BCGM’s preface by → Wang Shizhen 王世貞. Written by Wang Shizhen. DC before 1590. The text did not circulate separately but was part of the accounts section (shuo bu 説部) in Wang’s Yanzhou shanren si bu gao 弇州山人四部稿, “Draft in Four Parts by the Hermit of Yan zhou.” yao 堯 [5] This is the literary name of Tao Tang 陶唐, the legendary ruler of ancient times. LSZ relates various legends associated with Yao. In addition, LSZ uses Yao’s name as a reference to his times, and the name “Yao’s garlic” (yao jiu 堯韭) associates this pharmaceutical substance with the mythical ruler. yao Bosheng 姚伯聲 [1] Early Southern Song 宋 person, also called Yao Lingsheng 姚令聲, the eldest brother of → Yao Kuan 姚寬. In his → Xixi cong hua 西溪叢話, Yao Kuan mentions his brother’s “thirty visitors” (san shi ke 三十客). This is a designation for

582 30 different flowers, each of which was supposed to resemble a type of “visitor” (ke 客), e.g., datura (man tuo luo 曼陀羅) would be the “malicious visitor” (e ke 惡 客). In SE man tuo luo hua 曼陀羅花, LSZ refers to a “flower category” (hua pin 花品) of Yao Bosheng. Yao cao tu 藥草圖, “Illustrations of Medicinal Herbs” [1] Illustration of a pharmaceutical substance by an otherwise unknown → Xu Yi 徐 儀. The → Tang ben cao 唐本草 contains many such pharmaceutical illustrations (yao tu 藥圖), and LSZ cites one associated with Xu Yi in SE ji xue cao 積雪草. Yao dai fu fang 姚大夫方 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  Yao dui 藥對, “Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances”  [24] → Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對  or   [1] In Li Dangzhi yao dui 李當之藥對, “Li Dangzhi’s Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances,” this is an erroneous name for the → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄. yao Fu 姚福 [2] Ming 明 dynasty official. Style name Shichang 世昌, literary name Shousu daoren 守素道人, “Daoist Guarding Simplicity,” a man of Jiang ning 江寜, now Nan jing 南京, fl. during the cheng hua 成化 reign period (1465-1487). Yao held a military office and wrote numerous books including the Qing xi xia bi 青溪暇 筆, “Leisure Notes of the Green Brook.” LSZ mistakenly makes him the author of the → Geng ji bian 庚己編. yao Hezhong 姚和仲 → Yao Hezhong 姚和衆 yao Hezhong 姚和衆 Tang 唐 dynasty expert in pediatrics, sometimes called Yao He 姚和 by later authors. Details about his life are unavailable. Yao was the author of the Yao Hezhong fang 姚和衆方, “Recipes of Yao Hezhong,” or Yao Hezhong xiao er fang 姚 和衆小兒方, “Yao He zhong’s Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children,” which may or may not be the same book. He also wrote a → Yan ling zhi bao fang 延齡 至寶方 and a → Tong zi mi jue 童子秘訣, but the relationship of these texts to the previous two titles is unclear. Nothing is known about his life. LSZ refers to him as Yao Hezhong [26] and mistakenly as Yao Hezhong 姚和仲 [1]. Yao Hezhong fang 姚和衆方 → Yan ling zhi bao fang 延齡至寶方 Yao jue 要訣 → Zheng zhi yao jue 證治要訣 Yao jue 藥訣 → Yao zong jue 藥總訣 yao Kuan 姚寬 (1105-1162) Man of the Southern Song 宋 dynasty. Style name Lingwei 令威, literary name Xixi 西溪, “Western Creek,” a man of Sheng xian 嵊縣 in Yue zhou 越州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He held high court offices and was the author of the → Xixi cong hua 西溪叢話, the Xixi ji 西溪集, “Collection of [Yao] Xixi,” and other works. LSZ refers to him as Yao Kuan [2] and erroneously as Yao Liang 姚亮 [1].

583 Yao lei fa xiang 藥類法象 → Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象 yao Liang 姚亮 → Yao Kuan 姚寬 Yao lu 藥錄, “Pharmaceutical records” Name of a book cited by LSZ second hand from the → Tang ben cao 唐本草 in connection with the name of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. There are three titles cited in Tao’s Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) that include the term yao lu: → Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄, Tong jun yao lu 桐君藥錄, “Pharmaceutical Records of Tong jun,” (→ Tong jun cai yao lu 桐君采藥錄), and simply Yao lu. Among these, the Tong jun yao lu was cited most frequently. The Tang ben cao fragment mentions a “second [and last] juan” (xia juan 下卷), so the reference must be to the Tong jun yao lu (that occurred in a 2 juan edition) and not the 6 juan Li Dangzhi yao lu. Yao pu 藥譜, “Treatise on Pharmaceutical Substances”  [2] General term for a book on pharmaceutical substances or any book title including the term yao pu.  [2] Abbreviation for the → Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜

 In → Hou shi yao pu 侯氏藥譜 [1], this is the Yao ming pu 藥名譜, “Treatise on Names of Pharmaceutical Substances.” yao Qu 瑤眊 [1] Legendary divine sorcerer, also called Shi Er 實毦 and Bao Er 寶眊. According to the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 (2) and the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎, he was able to identify the misdeeds of all types of demons. After catching one, he would use a stick made of soapberry wood to kill it. LSZ takes this story over in SE wu huan zi 無患子. yao Sengtan 姚僧坦 → Yao Sengyuan 姚僧垣 Yao Sengtan fang 姚僧坦方 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  yao Sengyuan 姚僧垣 (499-583) Northern Zhou 周 physician. Style name Fawei 法衛, a man of Wu kang 武康 in Wu xing 吳興, now De qing 德清 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Yao was a hereditary physician who studied medicine with his father. He was called to the Liang 梁 emperor’s quarters and performed his treatments with some success. After the fall of Liang he served the Northern Zhou 周 as a Junior Grand Master Palace Physician (tai yi xia dai fu 太醫下大夫), hence his nickname Yao dai fu 姚大夫, “Grand Master Yao.” In his later years, he collected recipes that he considered proven to create a → Ji yan fang 集驗方 . Yao has a biography in the Zhou shu 周書, “History of the Zhou.” LSZ refers to him as Yao shi 姚氏, “Mr. Yao,” [3] and incorrectly as Yao Sengtan [24], Sengtan 僧坦 [2], and Seng Shengtan 僧 生坦 [1]. yao shi 姚氏 → Yao Sengyuan 姚僧垣 Yao tu 藥圖 → Tang ben cao 唐本草

584 yao wang pusa 藥王菩薩, “Bodhisattva King of Medicinals” [3] Deity revered for its medical and pharmaceutical abilities. The designation Yao wang pusa appeared early in Chinese translations of Indian Buddhist texts to render the name of the Bhaishajyaguru. From Tang 唐 times on the title King of Medicinals was associated with several other figures, e.g., the auspicious marriage figure Wei Gu 韋古 during Tang, or from Ming 明 times on → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. In many places the people identified their own local King of Medicinals. When the BCGM mentions the Yao wang pusa in citations from the Dongpo liang fang 東坡良方, “Good Recipes of [Su] Dongpo,” (→ Su Shen liang fang 蘇 沈良方), this is a reference to a medical-pharmaceutical deity from the Buddhist pantheon and not to a specific human being. Yao xiang kou jue 藥象口訣 → Yao zong jue 藥總訣 Yao xing 藥性 → Yao xing lun 藥性論, → Yao xing ben cao 藥性本草 Yao xing ben cao 藥性本草, “Materia Medica on the Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances” This is LSZ’s name for the Ben cao yao xing 本草藥性, “Pharmaceutical Properties of Materia Medica,” a Tang 唐 dynasty CMM. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新 唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Zhen Liyan 甄立言 (AV written by → Zhen Quan 甄權). 3 juan. LSZ reverses the original title from Ben cao yao xing to Yao xing ben cao, referring the text to Zhen Quan alone and equating it with the → Yao xing lun 藥性論 cited in the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. Thus, all his references to the work are cited second hand from the Jia you ben cao and labeled Yao xing ben cao [6], Zhen Quan [356], Quan 權 [195], Yao xing lun [48], Yao xing 藥性, “Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances,” [63], Zhen Quan yao xing 甄權藥性, “Zhen Quan on Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances,” [11], or Zhen Quan ben cao 甄權本草, “Materia Medica of Zhen Quan,” [1]. Current scholarship mostly considers the two texts entirely separate works. Yao xing fu 藥性賦, “rhapsody on the Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances” Texts on pharmaceutical substances composed as songs or fu 賦 poems.  [1] LSZ mentions such texts by → Liu Chun 劉純, → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立, and → Fu Zi 傅滋 in the → Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括 entry in his bibliography but apparently does not cite from them.  [1] Abbreviation for the Zhu jie yao xing fu 注解藥性賦, “Annotated and Explained Rhapsody on the Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances,” a Ming 明 dynasty mnemonic fu poem. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Liu Keyong 劉克用. Printed 1484. 1 juan. The text is preceded by a discussion of drug application and therapies according to the four seasons. The main text of the poem is written in large characters, annotations in small characters – these include literary quotations, clinical experiences, or single ingredient recipes. At the end of the text we find a list of conduits and organs with information on appropriate drug application and self-cultivation techniques. LSZ lists the poem in his bibliographical sections but does not appear to cite it in the main text.

585 Yao xing lun 藥性論, “discourse on the Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances” Lost pharmaceutical book of uncertain authorship. See bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. 4 juan. The Jia you ben cao preserves all existing fragments and states that the original work focused on properties, interactions, and indications of pharmaceutical substances. It also notes that the text is sometimes attributed to → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 but that there are major differences between Tao’s work and the Yao xing lun, which make this attribution seem unlikely. The Five Dynasties Qing yi lu 清異錄, “Records of Pure and Extraordinary Matters,” of Tao Gu 陶穀 attributes the text to Meng Guan 孟貫 of the same period. LSZ equates the Yao xing lun with the Tang dynasty Ben cao yao xing 本 草藥性, “Pharmaceutical Properties of Materia Medica” (→ Yao xing ben cao 藥 性本草), thus all his references to the latter text may also be to the former. The Ben cao yao xing was originally considered the work of → Zhen Liyan 甄立言, but LSZ attributes it to Liyan’s brother → Zhen Quan 甄權. Present-day scholarship doubts LSZ’s bibliographical data, but there is also no final consensus about which attribution is correct. LSZ refers to the text (or the texts) as Yao xing lun [48] and Yao xing 藥性, “Properties of Pharmaceutical Substances,” [63]. Yao yan 藥驗, “Medicinal Efficacy” [1] Title of a stone inscription mentioned in SE suan zao 酸棗. The → ZLBC, quoting the → Wu dai shi 五代史, speaks of a “Later Tang stone inscription on medicinal efficacy” (Hou Tang kan shi yao yan 後唐刊石藥驗). These words are found neither in the extant Jiu wu dai shi 舊五代史, “Old History of the Five Dynasties,” nor in the Xin wu dai shi 新五代史, “New History of the Five Dynasties.” If one were to read the phrase kan shi yao yan 刊石藥驗 as “inscribing the effects of mineral drugs,” this would not agree with the contents of the quotation which speaks about red dates. During the Later Tang 唐 (923-936), a stone inscription (kan shi 刊石) would have been an engraved stone tablet rather than cut blocks for printing, so the appropriate reading of kan shi yao yan should be “stone inscription [with the title] Yao yan.” Yao zhun 藥准, “Standards of Pharmaceutical Treatments” [3] Lost Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文 略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by Wen Yanbo 文彥博 (→ Wen Lugong 文潞公). 1 juan. To produce his book, the author selected and briefly annotated 40 recipes of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, from the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方, and other sources. Fragments are quoted in the → ZLBC, and LSZ cites second hand from this. Yao zong jue 藥總訣, “assembled Instructions on Pharmaceutical Substances” Lost Liang 粱 dynasty book on pharmaceutical substances. See bibliography of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. Written by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. 2 juan. According to the Jia you ben cao, the text discussed medicinal properties such as flavor or temperature as well as indications and methods and times of harvest. There was apparently also an anonymous text called Yao xiang jiao jue 藥像斅訣,

586 “Instructions to Teach the Appearance of Pharmaceutical Substances,” the contents of which were very similar to the Yao zong jue. LSZ lists the text as Yao zong jue [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites it second hand from the Jia you ben cao as Yao jue 藥訣, “Instructions on Pharmaceutical Substances” [2]. He also refers to the Yao xiang jiao jue material as Yao xiang kou jue 藥象口訣, “Rhymed Instructions on the Appearance of Pharmaceutical Substances” [1]. Ye cai pu 野菜譜, “Treatise on Wild Vegetables” Agricultural text. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Wang Pan 王磐. DC early jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). 1 juan. The text was written to help local people along the Yangzi and Huai 淮 rivers find safe foods during times of drought and famine. It contains 60 entries, each with a mnemonic poem, an illustration, and a brief description of appearance and usage of the respective plant. The text is still extant today as a separate work and as an addendum preceding the main text of the → Shi wu ben cao 食物本草. LSZ cites the text as Ye cai pu [6] and erroneously as Cai pu 菜譜, “Vegetable Treatise” [1]. ye Chaoyi 葉朝議 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. A relative of his successfully used ox-knee root to cure “blood dripping” (xue lin 血淋). LSZ cites this in SE niu xi 牛膝. ye Fashan 葉法善 (616-720) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist and official. Style name Daoyuan 道元, a man of Kuo cang 括蒼 county in Kuo zhou 括州 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Ye is said to have possessed a mirror that was able to reflect the inner organs of people when they were ill. LSZ cites this in SE gu jing 古鏡. ye Jing 葉敬 [1] Name of a man from He nei 河內, now Qin yang 沁陽 in He nan 河南. LSZ, in SE chang pu 菖蒲, cites the → Chang pu zhuan 菖蒲傳 with a report about Ye Jing’s mother, who was was “struck by wind” (zhong feng 中風). She ingested acorus for one year and was cured of all her diseases. ye Mengde 葉夢得 (1077-1148) Southern Song 宋 literary scholar. Style name Shaoyun 少蘊, literary name Xiaoweng 肖翁, “Enfeebled Old Man,” Shilin jushi 石林居士, “Retired Scholar of the Stone Forest.” His ancestral home was in Wu xian 吳縣 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇, but Ye lived in Wu cheng 烏程, now Hu zhou 湖州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi 1097. He initially served as a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy but later held high court offices and even a governorship. He was noted for his broad scholarship especially in stories of the past and poetry. His numerous works include the Jian kang ji 建康集, “Collection from Jian kang,” the Shilin shi hua 石 林詩話, “Poetry Talks of [Ye] Shilin,” the Bi shu lu hua 避暑錄話, “Recorded Talks from the Summer Resort,” (→ Bi shu lu 避暑錄), and the Shilin yan yu 石 林燕語, “Pleasant Conversations of [Ye] Shilin.” LSZ also attributes a → Shui yun lu 水雲錄 to Ye, but the identity of that book is uncertain. LSZ refers to Ye as Ye Mengde [2], Ye Shilin 葉石林 [5], and Ye shi 葉氏, “Mr. Ye,” [1].

587 Ye ren xian hua 野人閑話, “Leisure-Hour Conversations of rustics” [2] Early Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記), now fragmentary. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Jing Huan 景煥. DC 965. The book records events during the reign of → Meng Chang 孟昶 (r. 934-965) of Later Shu 蜀. Fragments are quoted by the → ZLBC, and an incomplete version of the text is preserved in the → Shuo fu 説郛. LSZ lists the Ye ren xian hua in his bibliographical sections and takes over a passage in the main text from the Shuo fu. ye Sheng 葉盛 (1420-1474) [3] Ming 明 dynasty high official. Style name Yuzhong 與中, a man of Kun shan 崑山 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇. Jin shi 1445. Ye held various court offices and has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of Ming.” His numerous works include the → Shui dong ri ji 水東日記. Ye shi 野史, “unofficial Histories” [5] General term for private histories. LSZ lists a Ye shi in his bibliographical sections and mentions the title four times in his main text. However the material quoted there comes from a number of books and not a single text. The only source LSZ may have been using that actually carries the term ye shi in the title is the Song 宋 period Jiang nan ye shi 江南野史, “Unoffical History of Jiang nan,” of Long Gun 龍袞. The story about → Lu Jiang 盧絳 cited in SE gan zhe 甘蔗 is found in this text. The material cited in SE ren gui 人傀, in comparison, can be found in the → Tong zhi 通志 as well as the → Shu yuan za ji 菽園雜 記. LSZ probably took his material from the latter source, labeling it ye shi for some reason. ye shi 葉氏, “Mr. ye”  [12] In connection with the → Zhai xuan fang 摘玄方, this is an author of uncertain identity, possibly an erroneous attribution.  [2] In connection with the → Yi xue tong zhi 醫學統旨, this is the book’s author Ye Wenling 葉文齡, a Ming 明 dynasty physician. Style name Dezheng 德 徵, literary name Shifeng zi 石峰子, “Master of Rocky Peak,” a man of Ren he 仁和, now Hang zhou 杭州. After attempting a career as a Confucian scholar Ye switched to medicine. He passed the medical examination at the Ministry of Rites and thereupon obtained a minor office at the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院). He was chosen as Imperial Physician (yu yi 御醫) in 1534 and finally, in 1550, changed back to administration to serve as Administrative Assistant (yuan pan 院判).

 [2] In SE shi 柹, this is → Ye Tingqi 葉廷器, author of the → Shi yi tong bian yao fa 世醫通變要法.

 [1] In connection with the → Shui yun lu 水雲錄, this is → Ye Mengde 葉 夢得.

 [2] This is Ye Dalian 葉大廉, a Southern Song official. A man of Yan ping 延 平, now Nan ping 南平 in Fu jian 福建. He held a ceremonial post and enjoyed

588 collecting medical recipe books. Author of the Ye shi lu yan fang 葉氏錄驗方, “Recorded and Proven Recipes of Mr. Ye,” (→ Ye shi fang 葉氏方). Ye shi fang 葉氏方, “recipes of Mr. ye” This is the Ye shi lu yan fang 葉氏錄驗方, “Recorded and Proven Recipes of Mr. Ye,” a Southern Song medical recipe book. Written by Ye Dalian 葉大廉 (→ Ye shi 葉氏 ). DC 1196. 3 juan. The book is still extant, and the → Jian yi fang 簡 易方  of Li Minshou 黎民壽 (→ Li Jushi 黎居士) and other books used it a a source. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections, but the material he cites as Ye shi fang [1] in SE ban xia 半夏 and as Ye shi 葉氏, “Mr. Ye,” [1] in SE jing quan shui 井泉水 was definitely taken from the Ye shi lu yan fang. Ye shi shui yun lu 葉氏水雲錄 → Shui yun lu 水雲錄 Ye shi tong bian yao fa 葉氏通變要法 → Shi yi tong bian yao fa 世醫通變要法 Ye shi zhai xuan 葉氏摘玄 → Zhai xuan fang 摘玄方, → Danxi zhai xuan 丹溪摘 玄 Ye shi zhai xuan fang 葉氏摘玄方 → Zhai xuan fang 摘玄方, → Danxi zhai xuan 丹溪摘玄 ye Shijie 葉世傑 → Ye Ziqi 葉子奇 ye Shilin 葉石林 → Ye Mengde 葉夢得 Ye shui dong ri ji 葉水東日記 → Shui dong ri ji 水東日記 ye tianshi 葉天師, “ye the Celestial Master” [1] Daoist master, fl. during the kai yuan 開元 reign period (713-741). Author of the → Zhen zhong ji 枕中記 ,which is listed but not used by LSZ. ye Tinggui 葉庭珪 → Ye Tinggui 葉廷珪 ye Tinggui 葉廷珪 Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Sizhong 嗣忠, a man of Chong an 崇安, now Wu yi shan 武夷山 in Fu jian 福建 (AV Ou ning 甌寧, now Jian ou 建甌 in Fu jian). Jin shi 1115. He held local posts in the Jiang nan 江南 area but was later transferred to a military post in Quan zhou 泉州 in present-day Fu jian for not conforming with chancellor Qin Hui 秦檜. Ye was the author of the → Hai lu sui shi 海錄碎事 and the → Xiang lu 香錄, a book on fragrant substances he compiled during his time in Quan zhou, drawing on his experiences with overseas traders. LSZ refers to Ye correctly as Ye Tinggui 葉廷珪 [7] and erroneously asYe Tinggui 葉庭珪 [1]. ye Tingqi 葉廷器 Ming 明 dynasty medical writer, fl. mid-16th century. Style name Wenxun 文遜, further details unavailable. Author of the → Shi yi tong bian yao fa 世醫通變要 法. LSZ refers to him as Ye Tingqi [1] and as Ye shi 葉氏, “Mr. Ye,” [2]. Ye yu 野語 → Qi dong ye yu 齊東野語 Ye zhong ji 鄴中記, “records of ye” [3] Lost Eastern Jin 晉 historical work. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by Lu Hui 陸翽. 2 juan

589 (AV 1 juan). The term Ye 鄴 represents the town of Ye cheng 鄴城 in the southwest of present-day Lin zhang 臨漳 in He bei 河北. During the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, this was the capital of various northern invader states. The book records events during the reign of Shi Hu 石虎, the sovereign of Later Zhao 趙 (r. 334-349). Fragments are preserved in the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Chu xue ji 初學記, and other books. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without mentioning the author. In the main text he cites it second hand from various encyclopedias. ye Ziqi 葉子奇 Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 scholar. Style name Shijie 世傑, literary name Jingzhai 靜齋, “Quiet Study,” also Caomu zi 草木子, “Master of Herbs and Trees.” A man of Long quan 龍泉 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Ye held a minor local post but in 1378 was imprisoned because of a lawsuit. He employed specially ground ink to write his → Caomu zi 草木子. LSZ refers to Ye as Ye Ziqi [2] and as Ye Shijie 葉世傑 [2]. yi 乙 → Qian Yi 錢乙 Yi 易 → Zhou yi 周易 yi 羿 [2] This is Hou Yi 后羿, a mythological Xia 夏 dynasty person. Chief of the eastern “barbarian” tribes with special skills in archery. An ancient legend has it that once he shot an arrow to the sun. According to the → Huai nan zi 淮南子, he died of being beaten with a stick made from peach wood. Hence, demons were later believed to be in fear of this type of wood. Yi bu fang wu ji 益部方物記 → Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊 Yi bu fang wu tu 益部方物圖 → Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊. Yi bu ji 益部記 → Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊 yi di 儀狄 [3] Xia 夏 dynasty person, a contemporary of Yu 禹 the Great (→ Da Yu 大禹). According to the → Zhan guo ce 戰國策, he was ordered to prepare wine, and presented it to Yu. Yu stated that wine would inevitably contribute to the demise of countries in the future. He distanced himself from Yi Di and gave up drinking alcohol completely. LSZ cites this story in SE jiu 酒. Yi fa fang yi lun 異法方宜論 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Yi fang da cheng 醫方大成, “Great Compendium of Medical recipes” Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Mai wang guan shu mu 脈望館書目, “Catalogue of the Bookworm School.” The original version was written by Sun Yunxian 孫允賢 in 1321 and called Yi fang ji cheng 醫方集成, “Grand Compendium of Medical Recipes.” This version was expanded by Xiong Yanming 熊彥 明 in 1343. 10 juan. The work is divided into 72 chapters on topics like wind, cold, heat, and dampness. Each chapter begins with a brief description of symptoms, which are followed by the appropriate recipes for treatment. The book is very ac-

590 curate and covers more than 2000 recipes. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text without mentioning the names of its authors. The text contains a vast amount of pre-Yuan medical recipes and thus constituted an important source for many second hand quotations of “attached recipes” (fu fang 附方) in the BCGM. LSZ refers to it as Yi fang da cheng [15] and as Yi fang ji cheng 醫方集成, “Complete Collection of Medical Recipes,” [1]. The original author Sun Yunxian was a Confucian scholar-physician from Wen jiang 文江, now Ji shui 吉水 in Jiang xi 江西. He collected recipes that had proven effective and combined them with theoretical elaborations from the → San yin fang 三因方 and other earlier works to produce his book. The author of the expanded version, Xiong Yanming, was a Yuan dynasty bookseller, the grandfather of the famous Ming 明 period medical publisher → Xiong Zongli 熊宗立. He selected recipes from the → Xuan ming fang 宣明方, the → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方, and other works to expand Sun’s Yi fang ji cheng. Yi fang ji cheng 醫方集成 → Yi fang da cheng 醫方大成 Yi fang jie jing 醫方捷徑, “Quick Track Medical recipes” Ming 明 dynasty book of popular medicine. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Edited by Wang Zongxian 王宗顯 (→ Wang shi 王氏 ). DC jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1566). 4 juan (AV 2 juan). Existing copies have various titles such as Tai yi yuan ding zheng ao tou yi fang jie jing 太醫院訂正鰲頭醫方捷徑, “Quick Track Medical Recipes, Corrected by the Top Scorers of the Imperial Academy of Medicine”, Tai yi yuan jiao zheng shan bu yi fang jie jing zhi nan quan shu 太醫院校正刪補醫方捷徑指南全書, “Complete Guidebook to Quick Track Medical Recipes, Corrected and Revised by the Imperial Academy of Medicine,” or Tai yi yuan jiao zheng zeng bu qing nang yi fang jie jing 太醫院校正增補青囊醫方捷徑, “Quick Track Medical Recipes from Medical Practice, Corrected and Supplemented by the Imperial Academy of Medicine.” Since these are all different editions revised by different people, the contents vary from book to book. The text mainly consists of versified instructions (ge jue 歌訣) on the properties of pharmaceutical drugs, brief information on diagnosis and treatment of different diseases arranged according to medical specialties, and versified directions (ge kuo 歌括) on pulse lore. LSZ lists the work as Wang shi yi fang jie jing 王氏醫方捷徑, “Mr. Wang’s Quick Track Medical Recipes,” [1] in his bibliographical sections and in the main text cites it as Yi fang jie jing [2] without ever mentioning the author’s full name. Yi fang miao xuan 醫方妙選 → Xiao er fang 小兒方  Yi fang xin jing 醫方心鏡 → Shi yi xin jing 食醫心鏡 Yi fang xuan yao 醫方選要, “Selected Essentials of Medical recipes” [3] Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe collection. FE Dan sheng tang shu mu 澹生堂書 目, “Catalogue of Dan sheng Hall.” Written by → Zhou Wencai 周文采 (mistakenly called Zhou Liangcai 周良采 by LSZ). DC 1495. 10 juan. The compilation of the book was ordered by prince Zhu Youyuan 朱祐杬, the fourth son of the cheng hua 成化 emperor and father of the jia jing 嘉靖 emperor, and is thus

591 often attributed to him. LSZ refers to the book twice in his introductory and bibliographical sections but does not seem to use it in his main text. There, the Yi fang xuan yao is once attributed to → Yang Gong 楊拱, but since the cited recipe is not contained in the real Yi fang xuan yao, this must be an erroneous reference to Yang’s → Yi fang zhai yao 醫方摘要. Yi fang zhai xuan 醫方摘玄, “Selection of Profound Medical recipes” [5] Lost Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂 書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Zhang Yongqian 張用 謙. DC and size uncertain. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites recipes from it without mentioning the author’s name. The BCGM seems to be the only book that preserves material from the Yi fang zhai xuan. The author Zhang Yongqian was a physician from Wu xi 無錫 in Jiang su 江蘇, a follower of the teachings of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 and → Li Gao 李杲. Yi fang zhai yao 醫方摘要, “Selection of Essential Medical recipes” Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Yang Gong 楊拱. DC 1572. 12 juan. The collection categorizes recipes by disease, describing disease mechanism, symptoms, and the main points of diagnosis and treatment for every disease, and adds recipes at the end. LSZ cites the text as Yi fang zhai yao [47], as Zhai yao fang 摘要方, “Recipes from the Selection of Essentials,” [3], as Zhai yao 摘要, “Selection of Essentials,” [1], and erroneously as → Yi fang xuan yao 醫方選要 [1]. yi guo gong 儀國公, “duke of the State of yi” (died 1106) [1] This is Zhao Bi 趙佖, the 9th son of the Song 宋 emperor → Shen zong 神宗, enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Yi. During the yuan feng 元豐 reign period (1078-1086), he fell ill with clonic convulsions (chi zong 瘛疭) and was cured by → Qian Yi 錢乙. Yi jia da fa 醫家大法, “Fundamental Laws of Medical Experts” Illustrated book on medical theory. FE Dan sheng tang shu mu 澹生堂書目, “Catalogue of Dan sheng Hall.” AN Yi yin tang ye Zhongjing guang wei da fa 伊 尹湯液仲景廣為大法, “Fundamental Laws Broadly Constructed by [Zhang] Zhongjing from Yi yin’s [Classic of ] Decoctions.” Written by → Wang Haogu 王好古. DC 1294. 4 juan. The book contains theoretical elaborations on various topics of medicine, such as types of recipes, emotions, conduits and network vessels, or the roots and symptoms of disease. Some illustrations of internal organs and acupuncture points are attached. LSZ lists the book as Yi jia da fa [1] in his bibliographical sections and refers to it as Tang ye da fa 湯液大法, “Fundamental Laws from [the Classic of ] Decoctions,” [1] in the → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本 草 entry. He does not cite any content from the book in his main text, however. Yi jian 醫鑒, “Mirror of Medicine” Abbreviation for the Gu jin yi jian 古今醫鑒, “Mirror of Old and New Medicine,” a Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive medical book and encyclopedia. FE Shi shan tang cang shu mu lu 世善堂藏書目錄, “Catalogue of the Shi shan Hall Library.” Written by Gong Xin 龔信 and put together for publication by his son

592 Gong Tingxian 龔廷賢 (→ Gong Yunlin 龔雲林). DC 1576. 8 juan (AV 16 juan). The text offers what the author regarded as proven medical lore and attempts to investigate diseases in order to reflect and illuminate medical issues like a mirror, thus the name. The book discusses the origins of disease, treatment methods, and associated recipes in a concise and practical way. LSZ cites the text as Yi jian [3], referring it to a Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong,” (which could refer to either Gong Xin or Gong Tingxian) in his bibliographical sections and to Gong Yunlin in the main text. There he also refers to the book as Gong shi yi jian 龔氏醫鑒, “Mr. Gong’s Mirror of Medicine,” [1]. He also cites a Yi jing 醫鏡, “Mirror of Medicine” [1], which may or may not be the same book, since the material quoted does not correspond completely to what is in the Yi jian. Yi jian 易簡 → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方 Yi jian fang 易簡方, “Easy and Simple recipes” Medical recipe books. References to an Yi jian fang [8] without indication of an author may be to one of the first two works.  [4] LSZ’s erroneous writing for the → Jian yi fang 簡易方  of Li Minshou 黎民壽 (→ Li Jushi 黎居士).

 FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Wang Shuo 王碩. DC late 12th century. 1 juan. The book describes 30 commonly used recipes, 30 processed pharmaceutical substances, and 10 patent medicines for quick application in emergencies. LSZ cites the book as Yi jian fang [5], as Wang shi yi jian fang 王氏易簡方, “Mr. Wang’s Easy and Simple Recipes,” [3], and as Wang shi yi jian 王氏易簡, “Mr. Wang’s Easy and Simple [Recipes],” [1]. He also cites the book erroneously as Wang shi jian yi fang 王氏簡易方, “Mr. Wang’s Simple and Easy Recipes,” [4]. There are also some references to a → Jian yi fang 簡易方 [6] without indication of an author, but considering that there is a work of that name by → Li Minshou 黎民 壽 (which in turn is cited erroneously as → Yi jian fang 易簡方 ), LSZ may be referring to either of the texts.  [1] Attributed to an unidentifiable Gong shi 龔氏, “Mr. Gong,” in → Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方

 [1] In connection with the name of the author → Hu Ying 胡濙, an abbreviation for the → Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方 Yi jing 易經 → Zhou yi 周易 Yi jing 醫鏡 → Yi jian 醫鑒 Yi jing xiao xue 醫經小學, “a Small Study of the Medical Classics” [1] Ming 明 dynasty medical primer. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Liu Chun 劉純. DC 1388. 6 juan. The book epitomizes the teachings from medical classics such as the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 or the → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 as well as treatises of famous physicians, using rhymed sentences to facilitate memorization. It systematically discusses pharmaceutics, pulse diagnosis, conduits, disease mecha-

593 nisms, treatment methods, etc. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. However, poems on drug properties and other material by Liu are all taken from the Yi jing xiao xue. Yi jing zhu shu 易經注疏, “annotations to the Book of Changes” [1] Third century commentary on the Yi jing 易經, “Book of Changes,” (→ Zhou yi 周易) by → Wang Bi 王弼, the earliest independent commentary surviving. It includes the text itself as well as explanations. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections but does not cite any of Wang Bi’s commentaries, although he does refer to the Zhou yi itself frequently. yi lao 易老 → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 Yi lei 異類, “Categories of Extraordinary Things” [2] Anonymous pre-Tang 唐 book of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪 小説). See bibliography of the → ZLBC, quoting the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾 遺. AN Yi lei zhuan 異類傳, “Notes on Categories of Extraordinary Things.” The original book is lost, but a small number of fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. The Ben cao shi yi cites two fragments, which are preserved in the ZLBC. One of these is taken over by LSZ, who cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎, “Supreme Commanders of the Medical ramparts” [13] Clinical text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Wang Haogu 王好古. DC 1237. 12 juan. The text organizes its material in terms of the 12 conduits (jing 經), describing harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒) patterns first and adding information on miscellaneous diseases after that. Each discussion is followed by the appropriate recipes. The text is based upon the theories of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, → Li Gao 李杲, and → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 but also extensively cites the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方. Yi li 儀禮, “ritual and Etiquette” [1] Confucian classic, one of the three ritual classics. AN originally Li 禮, “The Rites,” Li jing 禮經, “Classic of Rites.” DC Warring States period, with additions as late as Han 漢. Attributed to → Zhou gong 周公, compilation sometimes attributed to Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子). 17 sections. The book is a record of rites and ceremonies associated with crownings, weddings, funerals, and sacrifices. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but quotes it in SE da ma 大麻. Yi li 逸禮, “Lost rites” [1] Book claimed to be an ancient Li jing 禮經, “Classic of Rites,” different to the 17 chapters of the Yi li 儀禮, “Etiquette and Rites.” Said to be in 39 chapters. Tradition has it that the text was recovered from the wall of the house of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子) along with the Gu wen shang shu 古文尚書, “Old Text Shang shu,” (→ Shang shu 尚書), but this is doubted by modern scholarship. The original book is lost, but fragments are quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and

594 other works. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it second hand in his main text. Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要, “Collected Essentials from the Forest of Medicine” Comprehensive book on medicine. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Yi lin lei zheng ji yao 醫林 類證集要, “Collected Essentials Categorized by Disease Signs, from the Forest of Medicine,” Lei zheng yi lin ji yao 類證醫林集要, “Collected Essentials from the Forest of Medicine, Categorized by Disease Signs.” Written by → Wang Xi 王璽. DC 1481. Originally 88 juan, but today only a 10 and 20 juan version survive. The material is organized by disease signs, each entry containing treatises from the medical classics followed by treatment methods of the ancient sages, appropriate recipes, and versified instructions (ge jue 歌訣). LSZ cites the book as Yi lin ji yao [39], as Yi lin ji yao fang 醫林集要方, “Recipes from the Collected Essentials from the Forest of Medicine,” [1], as Ji yao fang 集要方, “Recipes from the Collected Essentials,” [2], Ji yao zhu fang 集要諸方, “Various Recipes from the Collected Essentials,” [1], as Ji yao 集要, “Collected Essentials,” [16], and one versified instruction from it as Ji yao shi 集要詩, “Poem from the Collected Essentials.” [1]. Yi lin ji yao fang 醫林集要方 → Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要 Yi lin zheng zong 醫林正宗, “The Orthodox Schools of the Forest of Medicine” Comprehensive clinical text. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN currently Dongxi jie lüe yi lin zheng zong 東溪節略醫林正宗, “Summary of the Orthodox Schools of the Forest of Medicine by [Rao] Dongxi.” Compiled by Rao Peng 饒 鵬 (→ Rao shi 饒氏). DC 1528. 8 juan. The first juan of the currently circulating text provides general information from various medical primers, while the remaining juan reproduce recipes for specific disease categories connected with → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨, → Li Gao 李杲, and → Liu Wansu 劉完素. The work was rare and is not mentioned in standard Ming 明 and Qing 清 bibliographies. It is, however, listed in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM and LSZ apparently had the original at his disposal to use in his main text when citing the text as Yi lin zheng zong [7] and Yi xue zheng zong 醫學正宗, “Orthodox School of Medical Studies,” [1]. yi Qi 夷齊, “yi and Qi” [2] These are the brothers Bo Yi 伯夷 and Shu Qi 叔齊, sons of the ruler of Gu zhu 孤竹, a vassal state at the end of the Shang 商 dynasty. They are known for their moral virtue and pacifism. Because both did not accept their position as rulers, they were forced to flee to the Zhou 周 territory where King Wen 文 (→ Wen wang 文王) was ruling. After King Wen’s death, his son → Wu wang 武王 led his forces to conquer the Shang. Bo Yi and Shu Qi tried to stop the violence by holding back Wu’s horse and admonishing him, but to no avail. After King Wu had destroyed the Shang, the two brothers retired into seclusion on mount Shou yang 首陽. They refused to eat the grain supplied by Zhou and only gathered ferns to suppress their hunger. LSZ refers to this story in SE jue 蕨.

595 Yi shi 醫史, “History of doctors” [1] Ming 明 dynasty collection of biographies of physicians. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Li Lian 李濂. DC 1st half of the 15th century. 10 juan. The text includes 55 biographies of famous physicians taken from historical texts, 10 biographies of individuals mentioned in literary collections, and 6 supplemental biographies. Each biography is followed by Li Lian’s evaluation of the personage involved. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not appear to have used material from it in the main text. Yi shi 逸史, “remaining History” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty book of miscellaneous information. AN Tang yi shi 唐逸史, “Remaining History of the Tang”, Lu shi yi shi 盧氏逸史, “Mr. Lu’s Remaining History.” Written by Lu Zhao 盧肇. DC 847. 3 juan. The text contains information about Tang personages and events from short stories. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without indication of the author and cites it in the main text from the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚. The author Lu Zhao was a 9th century literatus, style name Zifa 子發, a man of Yi chun 宜春, now part of Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi 843, author of various books and fu 賦. Yi shu 逸書, “remaining Book” [2] This is the Gu wen shang shu 古文尚書, “Old Text Shang shu” the ancient text of the → Shang shu 尚書 that was supposedly recovered from the wall of the house of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子). LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text. He also mentions an Yi shu yue ling 逸 書月令, “Monthly Ordinances from the Remaining Book,” [1] but this is an erroneous reference to the → Yue ling 月令  in the → Li ji 禮記. Yi shu 異術, “Extraordinary arts” [2] Lost, anonymous book. EE → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚. DC pre-Tang. The book praises the effects of the medicinal drug zhu 术, and this passage is cited in the→ ZLBC, which also includes the text in its bibliographical sections. LSZ takes over the ZLBC material, citing the Yi shu in his bibliography and the main text. Yi shu yue ling 逸書月令 → Yue ling 月令  yi shui 易水 → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 Yi shuo 醫説, “Medical anecdotes” [30] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes and miscellanea on medicine. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Zhang Gao 張杲 . DC c. 1189-1224. 10 juan. The book includes texts on all aspects of medicine such as diseases, medical specialities, or acumoxa and also includes stories about the achievements of doctors. Yi shuo 異説, “anecdotes about the Strange” [2] Anonymous book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The material cited is also found in the

596 → Caomu zi 草木子, but there is no reference there to an Yi shuo. The attribution to an Yi shuo is perhaps LSZ’s own surmise. Yi tong 醫通 → Han shi yi tong 韓氏醫通 Yi tong gua yan 易通卦驗 → Zhou yi tong gua yan 周易通卦驗 Yi tong gua yan xuan tu 易通卦驗玄圖 → Zhou yi tong gua yan 周易通卦驗 Yi tong zhi 一統志 → Da ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志 Yi wen ji 異聞記, “records of Strange Things Heard” [2] AN used by LSZ for the lost Yi wen ji 異聞集, “Collection of Strange Things Heard,” a collection of short stories. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Compiled by Chen Han 陳翰 (style name Zhonggong 仲弓). DC late Tang 唐. 10 juan. The collection contains more than 40 representative Tang short stories, all recounting miraculous events. Substantial fragments are found in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平 廣記 and the → Shuo fu 類説. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text without mentioning an author. Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, “Collection of Literature arranged by Categories” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty literary encyclopedia. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Ouyang Xun 歐陽詢 and others at the orders of → Tang Gao zu 唐高祖. DC 624. 100 juan. The book collects 1430 ancient texts, dividing them into categories such as heaven, the seasons, government, or production, 46 categories in all. Sections begin with factual information and then follow up with poetic and literary excerpts. The encyclopedia preserves a good deal of otherwise lost material. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not refer to it directly in the main text. The Yi wen lei ju was, however, one of the principal sources of the BCGM for early material, and LSZ takes numerous fragments from lost texts such as the → Dian shu 典術 or the Nan fang ji 南方記, “Record of the Southern Regions,” (→ Nan zhou ji 南州記) from it. Yi wen zhi 藝文志 → Han shu 漢書 Yi wu zhi 異物志, “records of Extraordinary Things” Name of a book or its abbreviation. The ZLBC lists such a title in its bibliography and cites material from books of that name second hand from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 and the → Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 but does not provide any name of an author. If LSZ specifies an author, he is referring to one of the texts mentioned below. If he cites an Yi wu zhi without indicating an author [29], however, the material might be from either of these texts, or it may be cited second hand from the ZLBC or from any other text with Yi wu zhi in the title. This might include the → Ba Shu yi wu zhi 巴蜀異物志 of → Qiao Zhou 譙周, the → Liang zhou yi wu zhi 涼州異物志 (incorrectly) attributed to → Wan Zhen 萬 震, the same author’s → Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異物志, the → Ling nan yi wu zhi 嶺南異物志 of → Meng Guan 孟琯, the → Jing yang yi wu zhi 荊揚異物志 of → Xue Ying 薛瑩, the → Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志 of → Shen Ying 沈

597 瑩, the → Nan fang yi wu zhi 南方異物志 of → Fang Qianli 房千里, and the → Guang zhou yi wu zhi 廣州異物志.

 Referred to → Yang Fu 楊孚, this is an abbreviation for the Nan yi yi wu zhi 南裔異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern Borderlands.” FE bibliographical treatise of the Yu hai 玉海, “Jade Ocean.” AN (in the earlier → Tang shu 唐書) Jiao zhou yi wu zhi 交州異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Jiao zhou.” DC Eastern Han 漢. 1 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in various later texts. The → Shui jing zhu 水 經注 refers to the text as Yang shi nan yi yi wu zhi 楊氏南裔異物志, “Mr. Yang’s Records of Extraordinary Things from the Southern Borderlands,” the → Bei hu lu 北戶錄, as Nan yi yi wu zhi, the Southern Song 宋 Ji zuan yuan hai 記纂淵 海, “Deep Ocean of Records and Compilations,” as Yang shi yi wu zhi 楊氏異物 志, “Mr. Yang’s Records of Extraordinary Things,” and the Dan qian yu lu 丹鉛 餘錄, “Extra Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) as Nan yi zhi 南裔志, “Treatise on the Southern Borderlands.” LSZ lists the book as Yi wu zhi [1] by Yang Fu in his bibliographical sections and takes over the Nan yi zhi [1] fragment from the Dan qian yu lu in his main text. There, he also mistakenly refers material from the book to a Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Nan zhou,” [1] by Yang. A reference to a → Nan yi ji 南裔記 in the bibliography of the BCGM seems to be an error for Nan yi zhi, which means that the Nan yi yi wu zhi has a double entry.  [6] Referred to the otherwise unknown → Chen Qichang 陳祈暢, this is a lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Fragments were apparently quoted in the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 without any indication of authorship. The book’s distinctive feature were apparently its quatrain eulogies (zan 贊). LSZ cites it in his bibliographical sections and the main text.  Referred to → Cao Shuya 曹叔雅, this is an abbreviation for the Northern Song 宋 Lu ling yi wu zhi 廬陵異物志, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Lu ling.” EE → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記. AN Lu ling yi wu ji 廬陵異物 記, “Records of Extraordinary Things from Lu ling.” Size uncertain. The original text is lost, but fragments are found in the → Er ya yi 爾雅翼, the Tai ping huan yu ji, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. The Tai ping huan yu ji cites an incident from the Lu ling yi wu zhi taking place in 971, so the book must have been written some time in between that year and the compilation of the Tai ping huan yu ji in 987 or 988. LSZ cites the work as Yi wu zhi [3] by Cao Shuya in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Some of the references to a Yi wu zhi without the name of the author given are second hand citations of this work as well, e.g., material in SE mu ke niao 木客鳥 is taken from a Lu ling yi wu zhi fragment in the Tai ping huan yu ji.  [1] Referred to → Xu Biao 徐表, this is an erroneous designation for the → Nan zhou ji 南州記 of that same author.

598 Yi xue fa ming 醫學發明, “Elucidation of Medical Studies” [4] Clinical text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Li Gao 李杲. DC c. 1251. 9 juan. According to LSZ, the text enlightens classics such as the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, the → Nan jing 難 經, or the → Mai jue 脈訣 as well as ben cao literature, theory, and recipe texts on miscellaneous diseases. Most of the text is lost, and only the preface, the table of contents, and juan 1 now survive in an incomplete version. In addition, the → Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方 preserves an abridged version not divided into juan. LSZ claims that the book consisted of 9 juan, so it can be assumed that he had the original at his disposal. LSZ only rarely quotes the book by name, but the reference in juan 1 about the “ten medicinal preparations” (shi ji 十劑) is taken from juan 2 of the Yi xue fa ming. Yi xue gang mu 醫學綱目, “Systematic Medical Studies” Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive clinical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Lou Ying 樓英 (→ Lou Quanshan 樓全善). DC late 14th century. 30 juan. The book is arranged according to yin yang and organ systems in connection with types of disease, it collects theoretical treatises and medical recipes from earlier famous physicians. LSZ cites the book as Yi xue gang mu [2] and by the author’s name as Lou Quanshan [1]. Yi xue ji cheng 醫學集成, “Grand Compendium of Medical Studies” Comprehensive clinical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Fu Zi 傅滋. DC 1515. 12 juan. The text is divided into chapters according to disease and contains sayings of earlier famous physicians along with recipes and medicinal drugs for treatment. Where the author found discussions of others deficient, he added his own supplements. LSZ cites the book as Yi xue ji cheng [23], as Ji cheng fang 集成方, “Recipes from the Grand Compendium,” [1], and as Ji cheng 集成, “Grand Compendium,” [6]. Yi xue qi yuan 醫學啟源, “Enlightening the Origins of Medical Studies” Comprehensive medical text. FE Wan juan tang mu lu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Attributed to → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 of the Jin 金 dynasty, but this attribution is sometimes considered a fake. DC uncertain. 3 juan. The work includes material on the doctrine of the “five periods and six qi” (wu yun liu qi 五運六氣) from the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 as well as treatment methods for various diseases and information on the qualities of pharmaceutical substances. LSZ considered the text a genuine work of Zhang Yuansu. He does not cite the work in the main text of the BCGM per se but material he refers to the → Jie gu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊 is virtually identical with some of the Yi xue qi yuan contents. Yi xue qie wen 醫學切問, “Corresponding Questions of Medical Studies” [2] Lost, anonymous medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC 14th century or earlier, size uncertain. More than 20 fragments are preserved in the

599 → Pu ji fang 普濟方. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites one recipe in the main text second hand from the Pu ji fang. Yi xue tong zhi 醫學統旨, “Comprehensive Instructions on Medical Studies” Ming 明 dynasty clinical text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by Ye Wenling 葉文齡 (→ Ye shi 葉氏 ). DC 1534. 8 juan. The book combines older knowledge with new advances to facilitate clinical practices such as pulse diagnosis, observation of symptoms, and differentiation of pharmaceutical treatment. LSZ cites the book as Yi xue tong zhi [2] and as Tong zhi 統旨, “Comprehensive Instructions,” [1]. Yi xue xin jing 醫學心鏡 → Shi yi xin jing 食醫心鏡 Yi xue zheng chuan 醫學正傳, “The Orthodox Transmission of Medical Studies” Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive clinical text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Yu Tuan 虞摶. DC 1515. 8 juan. The book conveys the “orthodox transmission” (zheng chuan 正傳) by drawing heavily on classical medical texts such as the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, the → Nan jing 難經, and the works of → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, → Sun Simiao 孫思邈, → Li Gao 李杲, and → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震 亨. To this end, the Yi xue zheng chuan selects the essentials of discussions and recipes from these texts and adds to it recipes from Lu’s own family tradition. Additionally there is a discussion of 50 medical questions along with Lu’s responses to them. LSZ cites the book as Yi xue zheng chuan [30], as Zheng chuan 正傳, “Orthodox Transmission,” [3], and using the author’s name, Yu Tuan [7], as a reference to the book. Yi xue zheng zong 醫學正宗 → Yi lin zheng zong 醫林正宗 Yi xue zhi nan 醫學指南, “Guidebook to Medical Studies” [2] Medical book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” DC uncertain. 10 juan. LSZ does not name an author, but two bibliographies record books of this title that were written prior to LSZ’s times: The Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall” lists one by → Chen Jiamo 陳嘉謨 and the modern Zhong guo zhong yi tu shu zong mu 中 國中醫圖書總目, “General Bibliography of China’s Books on Chinese Medicine,” one by → Xue Ji 薛己. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections, but for the one fragment he uses in the main text it remains to be verified which book he is citing from. yi yin 伊尹, “Governor yi” [1] Official of the early Shang 商 dynasty. Yi 伊 was his name and yin 尹 his official title. Sometimes his personal name is given as Zhi 摯. There are various legends about Yi yin, one stating that he was a kitchen slave in the household of Lord Xin 莘 and was given as dowry when Xin’s daughter married the founder of the Shang dynasty, King Tang 湯. Yi yin managed to ingratiate himself with Tang by the flavor of his foods, through which Tang recognized his political talent and made him counselor. From this, later legends constructed Yi as the inventor of medicinal decoctions (tang ye 湯液) and the author of the Tang ye jing 湯液經,

600 “Classic of Decoctions.” This work is said to have been rather important to → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景. Yi yu 醫余, “additional Material on Medicine” Lost, anonymous medical text. EE → Yi shuo 醫説, from which LSZ gets his material. Size uncertain. The fragments preserved cite the Mai jue 脈訣, “Rhymed Instructions on [Movements in the] Vessels,” of Liu Yuanbin 劉元賓 (1090) and the → Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方 (1097), so the Yi yu probably dates from the 12th century. LSZ cites the text as Yi yu [2] and as the Yi yu lu 醫余錄, “Records of Additional Material on Medicine,” [2]. Yi yu lu 醫余錄 → Yi yu 醫余 Yi yu tu 異魚圖, “Illustrations of unusual Fish” [2] Lost, anonymous book. FE Chong wen zong mu 崇文總目, “General Bibliography of the Imperial Archive.” DC uncertain. Quoted a number of times in the Song 宋 dynasty → TJBC but not elsewhere, and the title does not appear in any other bibliographies. LSZ cites the text second hand from the TJBC in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Yi yuan 異苑, “Garden of Extraordinary Things” [22] Liu Song 劉宋 collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” Written by → Liu Jingshu 劉敬叔. 10 juan. The collection imitates the pattern of the → Shuo yuan 説苑 and assembles ghost stories and similar material from pre-Qin 秦 times until Liu Song, most of the material dating from the Jin 晉 period. The original text is lost, but substantial fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, and other books. The book circulated again from Ming 明 times on as an incomplete version. The → ZLBC also preserves some fragments, and LSZ mainly cites the work second hand from there although he uses excerpts from other books as well. Yi yuan ci huang 藝苑雌黃, “Corrections of art and Literature” [1] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小説). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Yan Youyi 嚴有翼. 20 juan. The book identified and corrected errors on historical facts, poetry, animals, plants, and divinities. The original text is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Yu yin cong hua 漁隱叢話 and other books. One fragment on the globefish is taken over by LSZ in SE he tun 河豚. The extant 10 juan version of the Yi yuan ci huang was compiled from such fragmentary pieces but was mixed with material from other books, it is not the original text. Yi zhan 易占, “divination by the [Book of ] Changes” Lost Western Han 漢 book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Zhou yi zhan 周易占, “Divination by the Zhou [Book of ] Changes,” Jing Fang yi gua 京房易卦, “Jing Fang on the Symbols of the [Book of ] Changes.” Written by → Jing Fang 京房. Fragments are frequently quoted in later texts. LSZ cites the book second hand as Yi zhan [4],

601 and by the name of the author as Jing Fang [1], taking his material from the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. Yi zhen tang fang 頤真堂方 → Yi zhen tang jing yan fang 頤真堂經驗方 Yi zhen tang jing yan fang 頤真堂經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of yi zhen Hall” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Referred to an unidentifiable Yang shi 楊氏, “Mr. Yang,” by LSZ. DC and size uncertain. LSZ cites the book as Yi zhen tang jing yan fang [3] and as Yi zhen tang fang 頤真堂方, “Recipes of Yi zhen Hall,” [1]. Yi zhou fang wu ji 益州方物記 → Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊 Yi zhou ji 益州記, “records of yi zhou” [4] Lost Jin 晉 dynasty geographical text. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Written by → Ren Yu 任豫. Fragments are preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the Tai ping yu lan, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other works. LSZ cites the work second hand from various sources. Yi Zhou shu 逸周書, “remaining documents of Zhou” Ancient book. AN originally Zhou shu 周書, “Documents of Zhou,” Ji zhong Zhou shu 汲冢周書, “Documents of Zhou from the Tomb of Ji,” the latter name referring to the fact that some erroneously thought that the work had been recovered along with the Zhu shu ji nian 竹書紀年, “Bamboo Annals,” (→ Ji zhong zhu shu 汲冢竹書). Modern scholarship considers the text a pre-Qin 秦 work with most of the parts dating to Warring States times but imitating an early Zhou style. Including the preface, there are 71 chapters. The present version, which is highly corrupt, dates from the Jin 晉 period and is annotated by Kong Chao 孔晁. LSZ cites the book as Yi Zhou shu [6], as Zhou shu [2], and as Ji zhong Zhou shu [1]. He also refers to an individual section as → Wang hui bian 王會篇 [1]. Yi zi lu 貽子錄, “records of Things Bequeathed to the Son” [1] Anonymous book. EE → Rong zhi sui bi 容齋隨筆. This book was obtained by the father of the Song 宋 author → Hong Mai 洪邁. Hong Mai attributed the book to an author of Later Tang 唐 during the Five Dynasties period. It is an admonition against childish ignorance, and refers to eggplant (qie 茄) as lao su 酪酥, because it tastes like junket (lao 酪) and butter (su 酥). LSZ cites it in his main text only. Yi zong san fa 醫宗三法, “The Three rules of Medical Learning” [2] Ming 明 dynasty book on disease theory. EE BCGM. Written by Feng Yu 馮愈. 3 juan plus a one juan appendix. DC mid-16th century. In writing the book, Feng followed the principle of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 to seek for the root of a disease. Relying also on the work of the Song 宋 medical writer → Chen Yan 陳言 and his concept of “three causes” (san yin 三因) of disease (see → San yin fang 三因方), Feng created “diagrams of the 100 disease signs” (bai zheng tu 百證圖) to explain the origins of disease, pathogenic agents, and main and secondary symptoms. He then proposed treatment methods and specific pharma-

602 ceutical substances. The Yi zong san fa is not mentioned in Ming and Qing bibliographies, and LSZ also fails to list it in his bibliographical sections. He does, however, cite it in the main text of the BCGM. The book survives. The author Feng Yu, style name Shusha 淑沙, was a man of Xiu shui 秀水, now Jia xing 嘉興 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Apart from the Yi zong san fa, he wrote other books such as a Ben cao bing yin 本草病因, “Materia Medica and the Origins of Disease,” which are now lost. Yijian xu zhi 夷堅續志, “Sequel to the records of yijian” [1] Collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記), a sequel to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志. The Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall,” attributes a book of this name to Xue Ru’ang 薛汝昂 but mentions neither size nor DC. Still extant is a Hu hai xin wen Yijian xu zhi 湖海新聞夷堅續志, “Sequel to the Records of Yijian [Based on] News from the Lakes and Seas” by an unknown Yuan 元 author (AV by Wu Yuanfu 吳元復 of Yuan). This text consists of 2 collections, 17 chapters, and more than 500 stories. It mostly consists of Song 宋 supernatural stories but adds Yuan and pre-Song material as well. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliography but cites it in SE man li yu 鰻鱺魚. Yijian zhi 夷堅志, “The records of yijian” [34] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆記小説). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Hong Mai 洪邁. DC after 1198. Originally 420 juan divided into four parts (zhi 志), but only an incomplete version of 260 juan is still extant. The title refers to a man called Yijian 夷堅 who recorded miraculous stories and is mentioned in the → Lie zi 列子. The book focuses on tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説) and miscellaneous anecdotes but also holds some information about the lives of townspeople. It contains abundant literary material including some on medicine and pharmaceutics. Yuan 元 dynasty authors compiled sequels to it such as the → Yijian xu zhi 夷堅續志. yimen zi 羡門子 [1] Jin 晉 or pre-Jin immortal. The → Baopu zi 抱朴子  reports that a person called Yimen zi 移門子 attained immortality by ingesting wu wei zi 五味子. This story was also recorded in the → Dian shu 典術, where a Huai nan gong Yimen zi 淮南公羨門子 is named as central figure. LSZ brings these two alternatives together by naming the Baopu zi as his source but speaking of the Huai nan gong Yimen zi 淮南公羨門子. yin Boqi 尹伯奇 Western Zhou 周 person, the son of → Yin Jifu 尹吉甫. A man of Fang ling 房陵, now Fang xian 房縣 in Hu bei 湖北. His father served as a high-ranking official under King Xuan 宣 of Zhou (827-782 BCE). Yin Boqi served his stepmother with outstanding filial piety and therefore became known as one of the most dutiful sons of antiquity. He is said to have eventually been killed by his own father. LSZ cites these stories about Yin Boqi second hand, referring to him as Yin Boqi [1] and Boqi 伯奇 [2].

603 Yin de lu 陰德錄, “records of Good deeds Performed Secretly” [2] Lost Southern Song 宋 book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by → Zhou Bida 周必大. Recipes from the text are preserved in the Yuan 元 period → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方, and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 cites additional material second hand. No other bibliography lists the text, and it is not quoted anywhere else than in the books mentioned. LSZ cites the book second hand from the Pu ji fang. Yin fu jing 陰符經, “Classic of the Secret Talisman” [1] Famous Daoist book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Traditionally attributed to → Huang di 黃帝 , commentary by → Li Quan 李筌, but → Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅 and other Song 宋 authors believe the entire book is a counterfeit by Li Quan himself. 1 juan. The work was transmitted in many editions, e.g., the Yin fu jing jie 陰符經解, “Explanations to the Classic of the Hidden Talisman,” and the Yin fu jing kao yi 陰符經考異, “Collated Variants of the Classic of the Hidden Talisman” LSZ cites the saying “the strength of birds lies in the qi” (qin zhi zhi zai qi 禽之制在氣) from it in SE wu gong 蜈蚣 and an annotation by → Wang Qi 王起 elsewhere. yin gong 尹公 [1] Eastern Han 漢 Daoist. Legend has it that once he passed on a recipe for pills with fireflies associated with → Wu Chengzi 務成子 to the general → Liu Zinan 劉子南. LSZ cites this in SE ying huo 螢火. yin Jifu 尹吉甫, “Governor Jifu” [1] Zhou 周 dynasty high official under King Xuan 宣 (BCE 827-782). Family name Xi 兮; given name Jia 甲, style name Jifu 吉甫 ( AV Jifu 吉父). Yin 尹 was his official title. Yin Jifu helped King Xuan to succeed in military campaigns. According to the E niao lun 惡鳥論, “Discourse on Malicious Birds,” (→ Cao Zijian ji 曹子建集) of the Three Kingdoms author → Cao Zhi 曹植, Yin Jifu believed the gossip of his wife and killed his own son → Yin Boqi 尹伯奇. Afterwards he was transformed into a shrike. LSZ mentions him in SE bo lao 伯勞. Yin jue 隱訣 → Deng zhen yin jue 登真隱訣 Yin shan biao ti 飲膳標題 → Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正要 Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正要, “Proper and Essential Things for [the Emperor’s] Beverages and Food” Yuan 元 dynasty book on dietetic therapy and nutrition. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫 藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Hu Sihui 忽思 慧 and his associates. DC 1330. 3 juan. The text mixes and synthesizes Chinese, Middle Eastern, and Mongolian culinary traditions. Juan 1 includes Daoist lore, a detailed discussion of various dietary taboos (including some concerning pregnant and postpartum women and wet nurses), and 95 exotic recipes used at court. Juan 2 focuses on beverages and medical recipes, along with more material on avoidances. Juan 3 consists of a list of 230 materia medica and dietetica. LSZ frequently uses the work as a source for recipes and newly presented pharmaceutical

604 substances, referring to it as Yin shan zheng yao [26], as Zheng yao 正要, “Proper and Essential Things,” [39], and by the name of the author as Hu shi 忽氏, “Mr. Hu,” [1]. He also refers to a Yin shan biao ti 飲膳標題, “Headings for the Emperor’s Food and Drink,” [1] but this is a different book, further information on which is unavailable. yin shi 陰氏, “The yin Brothers” [1] Designation for the brothers Yin Shifu 陰時夫 and Yin Zhongfu 陰中夫, men of late Song 宋, early Yuan 元. Yin Shifu had the given name Youyu 幼遇, Yin Zhongfu the given name Youda 幼達, both were usually referred to by their style names. The brothers were from Feng xin 奉新, now part of Jiang xi 江西. They were the authors of the → Yun fu qun yu 韻府群玉, the younger brother compiling and the older brother providing the notes. LSZ refers to them only together. yin Shou 尹壽 [1] Legendary official in the service of Emperor → Yao 堯, teacher of Emperor Shun 舜. The first man to have constructed a mirror. LSZ mentions him in SE gu jing 古鏡. Yin xian fu fang 陰憲副方, “recipes of Legal assistant yin” [1] Source of recipes, probably not a book. Legal assistant (xian fu 憲副) was an official title, but the personal name and other details about this individual are unknown. One recipe associated with Legal Assistant Yin is cited by LSZ in SE chi xiu 鴟鵂. Yin yang ying xiang lun 陰陽應象論 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Yin yang za shu 陰陽雜書, “Miscellaneous Book on yin and yang” [1] Book on sorcery and magic. Emperor → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 once ordered Lü Cai 呂才, an Erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices (tai chang bo shi 太 常博士), to publish this book. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections but refers materal to it in his main text. However, this may not be a reference to this specific work but to books on sorcery in general. Yin yi 音義 → Ben cao yin yi 本草音義  Yin zheng fa ming 陰證發明 → Yin zheng lüe li 陰證略例 Yin zheng lüe li 陰證略例, “Brief Examples of yin disease Signs” Medical theory book on the yin disease signs of harm caused by cold (shang han yin zheng 傷寒陰證). FE Du shu min qiu ji 讀書敏求記, “Records of Study and Earnest Pursuit.” AN (in the BCGM) Yin zheng fa ming 陰證發明, “Elucidation of Yin Disease Signs.” Written by → Wang Haogu 王好古. DC 1243. 1 juan. Wang considered harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒), and especially its yin disease signs, the most serious of pathoconditions. Therefore he assembled what he thought were the essentials of earlier authors on the subject and added his own thoughts, creating a text with 30 entries, each entry including symptoms, pharmaceutical treatments, discussions, and differentiations. LSZ generally refers to the text as Yin zheng lüe li [2] but lists it as Yin zheng fa ming [1] in his bibliography.

605 yin Zhongkan 殷仲堪 [1] Famous Jin 晉 dynasty physician. A man of Chen jun 陳郡, now Huai yang 淮 陽 in He nan 河南. He is said to have been specialized in the study of recipes and has a biography in the → Jin shu 晉書. LSZ takes over his name from another source. yin Zifang 陰子方 [1] Han 漢 dynasty person, fl. during the reign of → Han Xuan di 漢宣帝 (r. 74-49 BCE). A man of Xin ye 新野 in Nan yang 南陽. The → Hou Han shu 後漢書  characterizes him as extremely filial and kindhearted. Hence, the kitchen furnace god showed himself to Yin one morning in the 12th month when he was preparing food. LSZ mentions this in SE fu long gan 伏龍肝. yin Ziyan 殷子嚴 Tang 唐 dynasty medical expert. No details about his life available. Author of a → Ben cao yin yi 本草音義 . ying 穎 → Wang Ying 汪穎 Ying fu 鷹賦, “rhapsody on Eagles” [1] Sui 隋 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Wei Yanshen 魏彥深. The poem is a description of the majestic posture, habits and characteristics of eagles. It is quoted in various reference works such as the → Chu xue ji 初學記 and the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. LSZ cites it second hand in SE ying 鷹. ying gong 英公 → Li Ji 李勣 Ying gong Tang ben cao 英公唐本草 → Tang ben cao 唐本草 ying guo gong 英國公 → Li Ji 李勣 Ying hai bao jian 嬰孩寶鑒, “Precious Mirror for [the Treatment of ] Children” [4] Lost Song 宋 period pediatric text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Ying hai bao jian fang 嬰孩寶 鑒方, “Recipes of the Precious Mirror for [the Treatment of ] Children.” Written by an unidentifiable Qizhen zi 棲真子, “Master Dwelling in Perfection.” Fragments are preserved in the → You you xin shu 幼幼新書. LSZ does not cite material from the book, but, mentioning the title in his bibliographical sections and the main text, he incorrectly attributes it to → Tang Heng 湯衡. Tang Heng wrote a → Ying hai bao shu 嬰孩寶書, which is a different book altogether. Ying hai bao shu 嬰孩寶書, “Precious Book on [the Treatment of ] Children” Lost Southern Song 宋 pediatric text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Bo ji ying hai bao shu 博濟嬰 孩寶書, “Precious Book on [the Treatment of ] Children for Universal Benefit.” Written by → Tang Heng 湯衡. 20 juan. Fragments are preserved in the Bian ji zhu jia ying er bing zheng you you fang lun 編集諸家嬰兒病證幼幼方論, “Edited Collection of Various Authors’ Recipes and Discourses on [the Treatment of ] the Young and on Children’s Disease Signs,” but LSZ seems to have taken his material from the original book. LSZ, getting authors and titles mixed up,

606 does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but incorrectly refers the → Ying hai bao jian 嬰孩寶鑒 to Tang Heng there. He even refers to a Yang shi ying hai bao jian 楊氏嬰孩寶鑒, “Mr. Yang’s Precious Mirror for [the Treatment of ] Children,” [1] but elsewhere correctly cites the text as Ying hai bao shu [3] and as Tang shi bao shu 湯氏寶書, “ Mr. Tang’s Precious Book,” [2]. Ying hai miao jue 嬰孩妙訣, “Miraculous Instructions for [the Treatment of ] Children” [1] Lost Southern Song 宋 period pediatric text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN originally Ying hai miao jue lun 嬰孩妙訣論, “Discourse on the Miraculous Instructions for [the Treatment of ] Children.” Written by → Tang Heng 湯衡. 2 juan. No material of the book survives. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not seem to cite it in the main text. ying hou 應侯, “Marquis of ying” (died 255 BCE) [1] This is the title of Fan Ju 范雎, a Warring States period official in the state of Qin 秦. Style name Shu 叔, a man of the state of Wei 魏. In 266 BCE, he became prime minister of Qin, and was enfeoffed with the territory of Ying 應 (in the east of present-day Lu shan 魯山 in He nan 河南), thus his title. The → Shi ji 史記 has his biography. According to the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, he asked to have dates and chestnuts distributed to the people during a period of famine. LSZ cites this second hand in SE li 栗. Ying ji liang fang 應急良方, “Good recipes to respond to Emergencies” [2] Ming 明 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Dan sheng tang shu mu 澹生堂書目, “Catalogue of Dan sheng Hall.” Originally part of the collection Yi zong cui lan 醫宗萃覧, “Assembled Readings of Medical Learning,” extant edition in the Shou yang cong shu 壽養叢書, “Collected Books on the Nurturing of Longevity.” Written by Hu Wenhuan 胡文煥 (fl. during the wan li 萬曆 reign period (1573-1620)). The text is divided into three chapters on commonly used recipes, gynecology, and pediatrics. LSZ does not list the title in his bibliographical sections but cites it in his main text, so apparently the book was already circulating during his later years. Ying ning xin yao 攖寧心要, “Core Essentials on activating but Still Preserving Calmness” [2] Abbreviation for the Ying ning sheng wu zang bu xie xin yao 攖寧生五臟補瀉心 要, “Core Essentials for Supplementing or Draining the Five Long-Term Depots by an Active but Calm Life,” a Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” AN Ying ning sheng bu xie xin yao 攖寧生補瀉心要, “Core Essentials on Supplementing or Draining by an Active but Calm Life,” Wu zang fang 五臟 方, “Recipes for the Five Long-Term Depots.” Written by → Hua Shou 滑壽. 1 juan. The text is arranged according to the organ systems and respective methods of supplementing and draining (bu xie 補瀉) conditions of repletion and depletion. It lists recipes for treatment by taking into consideration the mutual in-

607 teractions of engendering and counteracting between the five long-term depots (wu zang 五臟). The book was rare, but LSZ apparently did use the original text. ying Shao 應劭 Eastern Han 漢 scholar, sometimes written Ying Shao 應邵. Style name Zhongyuan 仲遠, a man of Nan dun 南頓 county in Ru nan 汝南, now Xiang cheng 項城 in He nan 河南. He had a substantial reputation as a scholar and functioned as governor (tai shou 太守) of Tai shan 泰山 prefecture from 189 to 194. Ying annotated the → Han shu 漢書 to create a Han shu yin yi 漢書音義, “Pronunciation and Meaning in the History of the Han,” and these writings later became part of the Han shu ji jie yin yi 漢書集解音義, “Collected Explanations of Pronunciation and Meaning in the History of the Han,” which is therefore erroneously attributed to him. Ying did, however, write a Feng su tong yi 風 俗通義, “Comprehensive Meanings of Habits and Customs,” (→ Feng su tong 風俗通). LSZ cites notes to the Han shu attributed to Ying (→ Han shu zhu 漢 書注) and also material from the Feng su tong. There is no doubt that the Ying Shao 應劭 [9] and Ying Shao 應邵 [1] quoted in the BCGM are one and the same person. ying Shao 應邵 → Ying Shao 應劭 Ying Shao zhu Han shu 應劭注漢書 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Ying shi 癭詩 → Linchuan ji 臨川集 Ying tong bai wen 嬰童百問, “a Hundred Questions about Infants and Children” [9] Ming 明 dynasty pediatric text. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Lu Bosi 魯伯嗣. DC 15th century, printed during the zheng de 正德 and jia jing 嘉靖 reign periods (15061567). 10 juan. The book focuses on medicine for infants and is written in question and answer style. It discusses symptoms, examination, and treatment of children including origins, differentiation, and medicinal recipes of each condition touched upon. Ying yan fang 應驗方, “recipes for direct Effects” [5] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by an otherwise unknown → Bao Hui 包會. 1 juan (AV 3 juan). Fragments are quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, from which LSZ gets his material. yingchen 穎臣 → Jie Yingchen 揭穎臣 yingyang zi 穎陽子 → Yingyang zi 潁陽子 yingyang zi 潁陽子, “Master from North of the ying river” Tang 唐 era Daoist, written Yingyang zi 穎陽子 [1] in the BCGM. Details about his life are unavailable. Attributed author of the → Xiu zhen mi jue 修真秘訣. yingzhi 應之 → Chen Yingzhi 陳應之 yinju xiansheng 隱居先生 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 yinzong 胤宗 → Xu Yinzong 許胤宗

608 Yong chang jun zhuan 永昌郡傳, “Notes on yong chang Commandery” Lost geographical text of uncertain authorship. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN Yong chang jun ji 永昌郡記, “Records of Yong chang Commandery.” DC Shu Han 蜀漢 or Western Jin 晉. Fragments are found in the Tai ping yu lan and other texts. LSZ does not refer to the title directly, but the material he cites from a Yong chang zhi 永昌志, “Records of Yong chang” [2] is nearly identical with what the Tai ping yu lan says to be from the Yong chang jun zhuan, therefore we may assume that Yong chang zhi is an incorrect designation for the Yong chang jun zhuan. Note that a Yong chang zhi cited in the late Ming Xu Xiake you ji 徐霞客游記, “Travel Records of Xu Xiake,” did exist at the time and that LSZ might have indeed seen a book of that name. Yong chang zhi 永昌志 → Yong chang jun zhuan 永昌郡傳 Yong jia ji 永嘉記, “records of yong jia” [4] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 geographical text. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. AN originally Yong jia jun ji 永嘉郡記, “Records from Yong jia Commandery.” Written by the official Zheng Jizhi 鄭緝之, who served as Vice Director (yuan wai lang 員外郎) under Liu Song. The title of the book is listed in the → ZLBC, and this citation is taken over by LSZ in his bibliographical sections. The material cited in the main text, however, is not taken from the ZLBC but from the Tai ping yu lan, which refers to the work as Yong jia jun ji. Yong ju fang 癰疽方 → Yong ju fang lun 癰疽方論 Yong ju fang lun 癰疽方論, “discourse on recipes for [the Treatment of ] Obstruction- and Impediment-Illnesses” This is LSZ’s name for the Ji yan bei ju fang 集驗背疽方, “Collected and Proven Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Impediment-Illnesses on the Back,” a Southern Song 宋 book on external medicine. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解 題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Li Xun 李迅. DC 1196. 1 juan. The text is a collection of 53 recipes for the treatment of “obstruction- and impediment-illness” (yong ju 癰疽) that often result in abscesses. Preceding every recipe is an essay that discusses the states of depletion and repletion (xu shi 虛實), treatment methods, etc. The book was lost by Qing 清 times, but the text is preserved in the Yong le da dian 永樂大 典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” and the Si ku quan shu 四 庫全書, “Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” has an edition assembled from fragments. LSZ may have seen the original text and does not indicate another source of his citations. He cites the book as Yong ju fang lun [1] in his bibliographical sections, and in the main text as Yong ju ji yan fang 癰疽集 驗方, “Collected and Proven Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Obstruction- and Impediment-Illnesses,” [1], as Yong ju fang 癰疽方, “Recipes for [the Treatment of ] Obstruction- and Impediment-Illnesses,” [2], as Wai ke fang 外科方, “Recipes from the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments]” [1] by Li Sili 李嗣立 (Li’s style name), or simply referring to the author as Li Xun [6].

609 Yong ju ji yan fang 癰疽集驗方 → Yong ju fang lun 癰疽方論 Yong lei 永類 → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方 Yong lei fang 永類方 → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方 Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方, “Eternal Key recipes” Yuan 元 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.”AN originally Xi lei qian fang 錫類鈐方, “Key Recipes, Beneficial to Everybody.” Initially written by Li Zhongnan 李仲南 in 1316, supplemented and corrected by Sun Yunxian 孫允賢 in 1331. 22 juan. The book summarizes information on disease signs in the form of tables. These arrange information under five headings, i.e., pulse, disease, disease causes, symptoms, and treatment. The book intended to summarize the key points of diagnosis and treatment, thus the name. Named Xi lei qian fang at first, the book’s title was changed to Yong lei qian fang, the term yong lei 永類, “eternal,” expressing the author’s regret at the death of his parents. LSZ cites the work as Yong lei qian fang [46], as Yong lei fang 永類方, “Eternal Recipes,”[55], as Yong lei [2], and as Qian fang 鈐方, “Key Recipes,” [3]. He also refers material from the book to the name of Li Zhongnan [2] alone. Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象, “The usage of Pharmaceutical drugs reflected in the Laws [of Systematic Correspondences]” Pharmaceutical text. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to → Li Gao 李 杲 (literary name Dongyuan 東垣). DC uncertain. 1 juan. The title is not found in any other bibliography or pharmaceutical text. Only → Wang Haogu 王好古 in his → Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草 refers to a Yong yao xin fa 用藥心法, “Core Methods for Using Pharmaceutical Drugs,” and a Yao lei fa xiang 藥類法象, “Categories of Pharmaceutical Drugs Reflected in the Laws [of Systematic Correspondences],” by a Dongyuan xiansheng 東垣先生, “Gentleman Dongyuan,” that is, Li Gao. Neither of these books survives. LSZ blends the two titles into one, citing the assumed text as Yong yao fa xiang [4], Fa xiang 法象, “Reflecting the Laws [of Systematic Correspondences],” [16], and as Yao lei fa xiang [2]. In his bibliographical sections he states that the Yong yao fa xiang was based on the → Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊, with an additional outline, a guide to the use of medicinals and medical classics, etc. This description corresponds to the contents of the Yong yao xin fa as cited in the Tang ye ben cao. The material cited in the BCGM’s main text, however, is taken from various books cited in the Tang ye ben cao, including the Yong yao xin fa but also the Yao lei fa xiang, the Jiegu zhen zhu nang, and others. Several books were thus conflated by LSZ and referred to Li Gao, and even their contents were occasionally modified, which makes it difficult to identify the original source of the citations. In one instance LSZ even mentions a Jiegu yong yao fa xiang 潔古用藥法象, “[Zhang] Jiegu’s Usage of Pharmaceutical Drugs Reflected in the Laws [of Systematic Correspondences],” referring the text to → Zhang Yuansu 張元素, which is certainly a wrong attribution.

610 Yong zhou ji 永州記, “records of yong zhou” [2] Anonymous local chronicle. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC and size uncertain. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but there are no references to it in the standard bibliographies. Before LSZ’s times, among the local chronicles of Yong zhou 永州 there was a Long qing Yong zhou fu zhi 隆慶永州府志, “The Long qing Reign Period Provincial Gazetter of Yong zhou,” in 17 juan, which was sometimes abbreviated as Yong zhou zhi. Possibly LSZ is referring to this text. You huan ji wen 游宦紀聞, “record of Things Heard by an Official Serving away from Home” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Zhang Shinan 張世南. DC 1st half of the 13th century, before 1238. 10 juan. The collection records various Song period miscellaneous affairs and past events, touching upon medicine and doctors, medical books and pharmaceutical drugs in many places. LSZ lists the book as You huan ji wen [1] in his bibliographical sections but does not mention the title in his main text. However, the material on → Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒 cited from the → Juan you lu 倦游錄 in SE yi yi 薏苡 is actually taken from the You huan ji wen. You lan zhi 遊覽志 → Xi hu zhi 西湖志 You ming lu 幽明錄, “records of the dark and Illuminated Worlds” Lost Liu Song 劉宋 collection of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小 説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN You ming lu 幽冥錄, “Records of the Netherworld.” Written by → Liu Yiqing 劉義慶. DC 1st half of the 5th century. 20 juan (AV 30 juan). The term you ming 幽明 refers to a passage in the Yi jing 易經, “Book of Changes,” (→ Zhou yi 周易), where it is used in a general sense for things that are visible or invisible. In the title You ming lu it is used to signify stories about immortals or gods and spirits from the netherworlds. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books frequently quote the text. LSZ cites the book second hand from these texts as You ming lu 幽明錄 [4] and as You ming lu 幽冥錄 [1], a form of the title frequently used in his secondary sources. You ming lu 幽冥錄 → You ming lu 幽明錄 you Mozhai 游默齋 (1142-1206) [1] This is the literary name of You Jiuyan 游九言, a Southern Song 宋 official and poet. Style name Chengzhi 誠之, a man of Jian yang 建陽 in present-day Fu jian 福建. He held governmental and military posts in Gu tian 古田, Guang hua 廣 化 county, and Jing e 荊鄂, and was assigned to the post of Auxiliary in the Hall of the Dragon Diagram (zhi long tu ge 直龍圖閣) at the Han lin 翰林 Academy during the duan ping 端平 reign period (1234-1237). His poetry was posthumously collected to produce the Mozhai yi gao 默齋遺稿, “Handed-down Drafts of [You] Mozhai.” LSZ cites a lost → You Mozhai hua pu 游默齋花譜 associated with him.

611 You Mozhai hua pu 游默齋花譜, “Flower Treatise of you Mozhai” [1] Lost Southern Song 宋 book. EE Gu jin he bi shi lei bei yao 古今合璧事類備要, “Essentials of Categorized Matters Like Joint Jade Circles, Quoted from Old and New Literature,” (→ Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧). Written by You Jiuyan 游九言 (→ You Mozhai 游默齋). Size uncertain. The Gu jin shi lei he bi includes a fragment on li chun hua 麗春花, which LSZ takes over in SE ying zi su 罌子粟. You xiao fang 有效方, “Effacious recipes” [1] Part of a sentence, not the name of a book. See → Xu Ming 許明. You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎, “a Miscellany from you yang” Tang 唐 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Duan Chengshi 段成式. DC c. 860. First collection 20 juan, supplementary collection 10 juan. You yang 酉陽 is a mountain in Yuan ling 沅陵 county in Hu nan 湖南. According to legend, a thousand mystical texts were hidden in a cave under the mountain, mostly secret writings and lost scriptures. Duan Chengshi considered his own collection as valuable and heterogenous as these texts, thus the name. Similarly to the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  of → Zhang Hua 張華, the text contains strange stories involving ghosts, omens, unnatural calamities, local habits and customs, etc., including material with a certain scientific interest. The → ZLBC cites the book, and this listing is taken over by LSZ in his bibliography. He also frequently uses the book as a source in the main text, referring to it as You yang za zu [70] and as Za zu 雜俎, “A Miscellany,” [8]. LSZ also occasionally refers to a → Tang shi 唐史, a general term for several texts covering the Tang dynasty, which may include the You yang za zu as well. You you xin shu 幼幼新書, “New Book for [the Treatment of ] the young” Song 宋 dynasty pediatric text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Compiled by → Liu Fang 劉昉, revised by Lou Shou 樓璹. DC 1150. 40 juan. The original author, who had two assistants collecting recipes for him, died before the completion of the work, so Lou took over the task. The You you xin shu collects pediatric recipes from 140 medical texts, thus constituting a great compendium of Song and pre-Song pediatrics. It is very clear about its sources, and Liu and Lou made sure no textual material was rashly deleted or revised. LSZ cites the work directly as You you xin shu [5] and erroneously as → Huo you xin shu 活幼新書 [1] but also quotes material from other texts second hand from it. yousong shi 有娀氏 [1] Name of an ancient tribe, also known as Song shi 娀氏. Song 娀 was the ancient place name of Pu zhou 蒲州 in the southwest of present-day Yong ji 永濟 in Shan xi 山西. LSZ uses the term to refer to → Jian Di 簡狄, a women from this tribe and the mother of → Xie 契, the progenitor of the Shang 商 dynasty lineage.

612 yu 禹 → Da Yu 大禹 yu 俁 → Li Yu 李俁 Yu ce 玉冊 → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊 Yu ce ji 玉策記, “records from the Jade Volume” Lost Daoist book. EE → Baopu zi 抱朴子 . Author unknown, but the book is sometimes ascribed to Baopu zi himself and is probably a pre-Jin 晉 work. Fragments are found in the inner chapters of the Baopu zi. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Yu ce ji [2] and also refers to a Yu ce jing 玉策經, “Classic of the Jade Pencil,” [1]. The latter material is identical to what the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 refers to a Lao zi yu ce 老子玉策, “The Jade Volume of Lao zi,” and can also be found in the Baopu zi. Yu ce jing 玉策經 → Yu ce ji 玉策記 Yu Cheng Zhengfu shu 與程正輔書, “Letter to Cheng Zhengfu”[1] Letter by the Song 宋 author → Su Shi 蘇軾 to a younger relative of his. EE Shou qin yang lao xin shu 壽親養老新書, “New Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly,” (→ Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書). This text is not included in the Dongpo quan ji 東坡全集, “Complete Collection of [Su] Dongpo,” (→ Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集), although juan 100 of the collection contains similar material. The Shou qin yang lao xin shu and the Su Changgong er miao ji 蘇長公二妙集, “Two Wonderful Collections of Su Changgong,” both preserve the complete letter. LSZ does not mention the Su Changgong er miao ji anywhere in the BCGM, so he is most probably quoting from the Shou qin yang lao xin shu in SE hu ma 胡麻. Yu Cui Lian zhou shu 與崔連州書, “Letter to [Mr.] Cui in Lian zhou” Letter by the Tang 唐 author → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 cited by LSZ from the → Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集. AN Yu Cui Rao zhou lun shi zhong ru shu 與 崔饒州論石鍾乳書, “Letter to [Mr.] Cui in Rao zhou Discussing Stalactites.” LSZ cites it in his main text as Yu Cui Lian zhou shu [1] or as Liu Zongyuan shu 柳宗元書, “Letter by Liu Zongyuan,” [1]. Yu dong lu 餘冬錄, “records Taken during My Winter days” [5] Abbreviation for the Yu dong xu lu 餘冬敘錄, “Well-Arranged Records Taken during my Winter Days,” a Ming 明 dynasty miscellany. FE Si ku quan shu zong mu 四庫全書總目, “General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.”AN Yu dong xu lu 餘冬序錄, “Well-Arranged Records Taken during my Winter Days,” Yu dong lu 余冬錄, “Records Taken during My Winter Days.” Written by → He Mengchun 何孟春. DC 1528. 65 juan. The arrangement of the book follows the → Lun heng 論衡. It is divided into 25 juan of “inner chapters” (nei pian 內篇), 35 juan of “outer chapters” (wai pian 外篇), and five additional juan. The text contains historical facts and anecdotes from court and commonality, information on the changes in criminal law, and other things. LSZ uses the text for material on pharmaceutical substances and one story on child sacrifice.

613 Yu dong yao jue 玉洞要訣, “Essential Secret Instructions from the Jade Cavern” Abbreviation for the Yu dong da shen dan sha zhen yao jue 玉洞大神丹砂真要 訣, “True and Essential Secret Instructions for Cinnabar [Preparations] of the Great Spirits of the Jade Cavern,” a Daoist alchemical book. FE Dao zang mu lu xiang zhu 道藏目錄詳註, “Detailed Annotations to the Table of Contents of the Daoist Canon.” Attributed to → Zhang Guo 張果 of the Tang 唐 period. 1 juan. The book is a specialized text on how to concoct pills of immortality and deals with a variety of alchemical substances and methods. The book is extremely similar to other alchemical works such as the Tang Long hu huan dan jue 龍虎還丹 訣, “Secret Instructions for the Reverted Elixir of Dragon and Tiger,” of Jin ling zi 金陵子 and the Da dong lian zhen bao jing xiu fu dan sha miao jue 大洞煉真寶 經修伏丹砂妙訣, “Miraculous Instructions for Cultivation by Taking Cinnabar [Preparations] from the Great Cavern Precious Classic of Refining the True,” of Chen Shaowei 陳少微, a book written around the beginning of the kai yuan 開 元 reign period (713-741). LSZ lists two titles by Zhang Guo (in some old editions erroneously written Zhang Gao 張杲) in his bibliographical sections, the Yu dong yao jue [5] and a Dan sha mi jue 丹砂秘訣, “Secret Instructions for Cinnabar [Preparations],” [1]. In the main text he cites material from the Yu dong yao jue and a Dan sha yao jue 丹砂要訣, “Essential Secret Instructions for Cinnabar [Preparations],” [1] but not from any Dan sha mi jue. The material cited as from the former two books is found in the Yu dong da shen dan sha zhen yao jue, therefore we know that both titles are indeed abbreviations for that text. The title Dan sha mi jue, however, might refer to the Yu dong da shen dan sha zhen yao jue as well as the Da dong lian zhen bao jing xiu fu dan sha miao jue of Chen Shaowei. Yu gong 禹貢, “The Tribute of yu” [8] Chapter in the → Shang shu 尚書, an important source for ancient Chinese conceptions of geography as the first work of its type. Authorship and DC uncertain, mostly dated to the Warring States, Qin 秦, or early Han 漢 periods. The text divides up China into nine regions, assuming that this reflected the official division of the state under the Xia 夏 dynasty after culture hero Yu 禹 (→ Da Yu 大禹) had tamed the floods. It provides considerable information on mountains, waterways, lakes, soils, local products, tributes and taxes, and transportation within the Yellow River drainage area, whereas material on the Yangzi and Huai 淮 river areas is somewhat cursory. It was often commented upon in later times. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it in his main text. yu Gun 庾袞 Early Western Jin 晉 person known for his virtuous character. Style name Shubao 叔褒, a man of Yan ling 鄢陵 in Lin chuan 穎川, now Yan ling in He nan 河 南. The → Jin shu 晉書 has his biography. When → Jin Hui di 晉惠帝 (r. 290307) moved to Chang an 長安, Yu Gun followed him. As the grain had not yet ripened, they consumed fruit and moss. LSZ cites this second hand in SE shi rui 石蕊 but, taking over a mistake from the ZLBC, erroneously writes Yu’s name Tang Bao 唐褒 [1].

614 Yu han fang 玉函方, “recipes from the Jade Case” [2] Lost, anonymous medical recipe book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” DC Jin 晉 or before. 3 juan (AV 100 juan). → Ge Hong 葛洪, in the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , refers to a 100 juan work of this name, but that text is now lost. Two fragments are quoted in the → ZLBC, from where LSZ took his quotations. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliography and erroneously refers it to → Du Guangting 杜光庭 when citing it in the main text. Du is usually attributed a book on pulse diagnosis called Yu han jing 玉函經, “Classic of the Jade Case,” but he is definitely not the author of this Yu han fang. Yu Han Kangbo jian 與韓康伯箋, “Letter to Han Kangbo” [1] Letter written by → Yu Yiqi 俞益期 during his time in Hai nan 海南 to → Han Kangbo 韓康伯. Yu’s letters are cited in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, or the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, where they are not only labeled Yu Han Kangbo jian but also Yu Han Kangbo shu 與韓康伯書, “Letter to Han Kangbo,” Yu Yiqi jian 俞益期箋, “Letter by Yu Yiqi,” etc. It is the Qi min yao shu and the Tai ping yu lan that refer the material LSZ cites in SE bing lang 檳榔 to a Yu Han Kangbo jian. Yu heng zhi 虞衡志 → Gui hai yu heng zhi 桂海虞衡志 Yu hua 餘話 → Hui zhu yu hua 揮麈餘話 Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義, “Subtle Meanings of Secrets Carved in Jade” [5] Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive clinical text. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Originally called Yi xue zhe zhong 醫學折 衷, “Synthesis of Medical Studies,” and written by → Xu Yanchun 徐彥純, the text was revised and expanded by → Liu Chun 劉純 to produce the Yu ji wei yi. Revised version DC 1368, 50 juan. The original Yi xue zhe zhong emphasized the teachings of Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 theorists such as → Liu Wansu 劉完素, → Li Gao 李杲, and → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨. It was divided into 17 chapters on conditions like wind stroke, atrophy, phlegm, diarrhea, or malaria. To this Liu added 33 more chapters on such conditions as cough, heat, or fire. Each chapter emphasized miscellaneous diseases of internal medicine and provided full details of symptoms and recipes for treatment. Yu jiang shi fang 禹講師方 → Yu jiang shi jing yan fang 禹講師經驗方 Yu jiang shi jing yan fang 禹講師經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Lecturer yu” Medical recipe book attributed to an unidentifiable Yu jiang shi 禹講師, “Lecturer Yu.” See bibliography of the BCGM. DC and size uncertain. LSZ cites the book as Yu jiang shi jing yan fang [3] and as Yu jiang shi fang 禹講師方, “Recipes of Lecturer Yu,” [2]. yu Jianwu 庾肩吾 (487 to c. 552) [3] Liang 梁 dynasty literatus and poet. Style name Zishen 子慎 (AV Shenzhi 慎 之), a man of Xin ye 新野 in Nan yang 南陽, now part of He nan 南陽. Father of the poet Yu Xin 庾信. As an official Yu Jianwu rose to the post of Minister of

615 Revenue (du zhi shang shu 度支尚書), and as a poet he became a leading exponent of palace-style poetry. The Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” lists his → Yu Jianwu ji 庾肩吾集, which is now lost. The late Ming 明 literatus Zhang Pu 張溥 (1602-1641) assembled Yu’s scattered writings into the Yu du zhi ji 庾度支集, “Collection of Yu, the Minister of Revenue.” LSZ lists the Yu Jianwu ji in his bibliography and cites material associated with his name as well as the → Da Tao Yinju lai zhu jian qi 答陶隱 居賚术煎啓 and the → Xie zhu zheng qi 謝术蒸啓 in his main text. However, this material is cited from the → ZLBC and the → Liang shu 梁書 and not from Yu’s collection. Yu Jianwu ji 庾肩吾集, “Collection of yu Jianwu” [1] Lost collection of writings by → Yu Jianwu 庾肩吾. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書 經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” 10 juan. In his bibliography, LSZ lists the title as one of the 151 books cited from the jiu ben 舊本, “old book,” that is, the → ZLBC. But the ZLBC bibliography only mentions a Yu Jianwu qi 庾肩吾啟, “Letter by Yu Jianwu,” which seems to be not the name of a book but an abbreviation for what it cites elsewhere as a letter about atractylodes from Yu Jianwu to Tao Yinju 陶隱居 (→ Tao Hongjing 陶弘景). LSZ takes this material over from the ZLBC as → Da Tao Yinju lai zhu jian qi 答陶隱 居賚术煎啓 [1] of Yu Jianwu and → Xie zhu zheng qi 謝术蒸啓 [1] in the main text but does not cite from the original Yu Jianwu ji. He does, however, quote some material about Yu Jianwu’s usage of huai shi 槐實 from the → Liang shu 梁書 in SE zhu 术. Yu jin song 郁金頌 → Zuo gui pin ji 左貴嬪集 yu Jushi 余居士 [13] This is a nickname of Yu Gang 余綱, a Southern Song 宋 physician. Style name Yaoju 堯舉, literary name Zhitian 芝田, “Sesame Field,” or Xiuzhen jushi 修真 居士, “Recluse Cultivating the True.” A man of Huang yan 黃岩, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. Author of the → Xuan qi fang 選奇方. Yu Jushi fang 余居士方 → Xuan qi fang 選奇方 Yu lan 御覽 → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 yu Lei 鬱壘 [2] Brother of → Shen Tu 神荼. See the Shen Tu entry for more information. Yu lun 玉論 → Zheng bu lun 正部論 Yu pian 玉篇, “Jade Chapters” Southern Dynasties Liang 梁 and Chen 陳 period lexicographical text. FE Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Gu Yewang 顧野王. DC 543. 30 juan. The text imitates the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字 , with some additions or deletions and a slightly different organization into 542 chapters. The original version included 16.917 characters with detailed information on pronunciation, textual exegesis, explanations, and the evolution of the style of characters. LSZ refers to the book as Yu pian [9] and by the name of the author Gu Yewang [2].

616 Yu Qiao Xi sheng lun huang lian shu 與喬希聖論黃連書, “Letter on the Sagely discussions about Coptis with Qiao Xi” [1] Title of a letter written during Song 宋 times by → Qin Guan 秦觀, preserved in the Huai hai ji 淮海集, “Collection from Huai hai,” juan 37. The letter points out the damage resulting from an extended ingestion of bitter and cold drugs such as huang lian 黃連 and ku shen 苦參, and explains the underlying pharmaco-dynamics. LSZ agrees with the text’s viewpoints and adds: “When Qin gong 秦公 wrote this, he carefully considered the words of Wang gong 王公 [→ Wang Bing 王冰].” yu Shinan 虞世南 (558-638) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty calligrapher, literatus, and official. Style name Boshi 伯施, a man of Yu yao 余姚 in Yue zhou 越州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He held court offices and was noted for his literary and calligraphic abilities. He was the author of the encyclopedia → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, which is listed in the bibliography of the BCGM. The material LSZ refers to Yu in the main text is taken from a Shi zi fu 獅子賦, “Rhapsody on a Lion,” which is not found in the Bei tang shu chao but rather in encyclopedias such as the → Tai ping yu lan 太平 御覽 or the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華. Yu Shinan was also the author of a Shi lüe 史略, “Brief History,” that contains a magically effective recipe used by → Bei Qi Cui shi 北齊崔氏, and this is cited second hand by LSZ but erroneously referred to a → Chu xue ji 初學記 by → Ouyang Xun 歐陽詢. yu Shiyan 於世彥 [1] Immortal said to have obtained longevity and to have produced many sons by ingesting wine with wu jia 五加. LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites this story from an assumed → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經. Yu shu 玉書, “Book on Jade” [1] Title of a text. Not listed in any bibliography or book catalogue. The passage LSZ quotes in SE yu 玉 is documented in the Song 宋 period Gu jin he bi shi lei bei yao 古今合璧事類備要, “Essentials of Categorized Matters Like Joint Jade Circles, Quoted from Old and New Literature,” (→ Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事 類合璧). LSZ probably took his material from this text and added the title Yu shu afterwards. yu Tongfeng 俞通奉 [1] Northern Song 宋 person. According to the Shou qin yang lao xin shu 壽親養老 新書, “New Book of Prolonging One’s Parents’ Lives and Nourishing the Elderly,” (→ Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書), he was an ancestor of the famous late Northern and early Southern Song literatus Yu Juyi 俞居易. At the age of 51 Yu Tongfeng obtained an “elixir of mutual interaction” (jiao gan dan 交感丹) from one → Tie weng cheng Shen xiansheng 鐵瓮城申先生, and at the age of 85 he was still in good health and transmitted this recipe. yu Tuan 虞摶 (1438-1517) [14] Ming 明 dynasty physician. Style name Tianmin 天民, literary name Huaxi hengde laoren 花溪恒德老人, “Old Man of Permanent Virtue from Hua xi.” A

617 man of Yi wu 義烏, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. A hereditary physician, he followed in the medical family tradition based on the ideas of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱 震亨. He regarded himself as a proponent of the orthodox tradition of medicine and therefore wrote the → Yi xue zheng chuan 醫學正傳. His other books, the Cang sheng si ming 蒼生司命, “Attending to the Lives of Common People,” and the Fang mai fa meng 方脈發蒙, “On Confusing Points Concerning Recipes and [Movements in the] Vessels,” were apparently not used by LSZ. yu yan 俞琰 (1258-1314) Late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 Daoist scholar. Style name Yuwu 玉吾, literary name Quanyang zi 全陽子, “Master of Complete Yang,” Linwu shanren 林屋山 人, “Hermit of Mount Lin wu,” Shijian daoren 石澗道人, “Daoist of the Rocky Ravine.” A man of Wu jun 吳郡, now Su zhou 蘇州. He had a reputation for his ci 詞 and fu 賦 poetry and was skilled in the teachings of the → Zhou yi 周易 and in alchemy. After the fall of the Song he lived as a recluse and wrote many books, including the → Xi shang fu tan 席上腐談. LSZ refers to him as Yu Yan 俞琰 [2] and erroneously as Yu Yan 余琰 [1]. yu yan 余琰 → Yu Yan 俞琰 Yu yao yuan fang 御藥院方, “recipes of the Imperial academy of Pharmaceutics” Medical recipe book. There is only one bibliographical entry of a text of this name in the BCGM, so LSZ seems to erroneously have taken the two following works as one.

 [7] Lost work by an unknown Northern Song 宋 author. EE → ZLBC, which quotes seven fragments that are all cited second hand by LSZ. Further details unavailable.

 FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Supplemented by a group of medical officials under the aegis of Xu Guozhen 許國禎 on the basis of an earlier Jin 金 dynasty version. DC 1267. 11 juan. The book is divided into 17 chapters and contains 1072 recipes (AV 1059 recipes). It was not widely circulated but still survives in the Yuan woodblock edition and a Japanese and Korean edition. Yuan and early Ming medical works use it as a source, the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 in particular quotes extensively from it. LSZ cites the book as Yu yao yuan fang [31] and Yuan fang 院方, “Imperial Recipes,” [2] without naming an author. Probably he did not see the original book but took his material from the Pu ji fang. Yu yin cong hua 漁隱叢話, “Collected Talks of the Fisherman Hermit” [2] Southern Song 宋 book of poetry criticism. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Tiao xi yu yin cong hua 苕溪漁隱叢話, “Collected Talks of the Fisherman Hermit of Tiao xi.” Written by → Hu Zai 胡仔. DC 1148. Earlier collection (qian ji 前集) 60 juan, later collection (hou ji 候集) 40 juan. The book was written in imitation of the Shi hua zong gui 詩話總龜, “General Compendium of Poetry Talks,” of Ji Ruanyue 繼阮 閱. The author collected pre-Song notes on poets and poetry and added a great

618 deal of his own criticism. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. yu yiqi 喻益期 → Yu Yiqi 俞益期 yu yiqi 俞益期 Eastern Jin 晉 official, fl. mid-4th century. A man of Yu zhang 豫章, now Nan chang 南昌 in Jiang xi 江西. Yu is said to have been of an upright and outspoken character and did not adhere to common customs. He travelled to Hai nan 海南 and maintained a close friendship with → Han Kangbo 韓康伯, with whom he exchanged letters discussing the local products of the South, among other things. These letters are reproduced in books such as the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → Shui jing zhu 水經注, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, or the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, where they are labeled as → Yu Han Kangbo jian 與韓康伯箋 and similar names. In SE bing lang 檳榔, LSZ cites a fragment on the betel nut from such a letter but erroneously writes Yu’s name Yu Yiqi 喻益期 [1] and identifies him as having lived during Han 漢 times. yu yong gong 虞雍公, “yu, the duke of yong” (1110-1174) This is the title of Yu Yunwen 虞允文, a Song 宋 dynasty high official. Style name Binfu 彬甫. During the jian yan 建炎 and shao xing 紹興 reign periods (1127-1162) he held various high military and ministerial posts. He was eventually enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Yong (Yong guo gong 雍國公) and was therefore commonly called Yu Yong gong. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志 he once suffered from diarrhea and was cured with realgar. LSZ cites this in SE xiong huang 雄黃, referring to Yu as Yu Yong gong [1] and Yunwen [1]. Yu zhu bao dian 玉燭寶典, “Treasury of the Jade Candle” [2] Partially lost book of the Northern Qi 齊 or Sui 隋 dynasties. FE → Sui shu 隋 書, biography of → Du Taiqing 杜臺卿. Written by Du Taiqing. 12 juan, 7 juan surviving. The term “jade candle” (yu zhu 玉燭) is an idiom describing the harmonious weather of the four seasons that brings peace and prosperity. It takes the → Yue ling 月令  as its primary source but also uses abundant material from other books and picks up prevailing customs of the author’s times. The book did not circulate widely but was cited by quite a large number of works. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text taking his material from the → Shi wu ji yuan 事物紀原. yu Zongben 俞宗本 (14th century) [2] Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 writer. Author of the → Zhong shu shu 種樹書, which notes that it was written by Yu Zongben of Li an 立庵 in 1379. By contrast, the Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書, “Bibliography of the Thousand Acre Hall,” assigns the book to a Yu Zhenmu 俞貞木, along with a literary collection called Li an ji 立庵集, “The Li an Collection.” Obviously Yu Zongben and Yu Zhenmu were one and the same person. According to the Gu su zhi 姑蘇志, “Gu su Gazetteer,” (compiled Southern Song to early Ming), Yu Zhenmu was originally called Yu Zhen 俞禎 and went by his style name Zhenmu 貞木. He was a

619 specialist in classical prose and poetry. Yu did not serve the Yuan but held a local office during the early Ming dynasty. yuan 原 → Ning Yuan 寧源 yuan 源 → Ning Yuan 寧源 Yuan bing shi 原病式, “On underlying disease Patterns” [1] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Su wen xuan ji yuan bing shi 素問玄機原病式, “The Profound Principles [Documented] in the Su wen as Underlying Disease Patterns,” a Jin 金 dynasty book on medical theory. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史 經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” Written by → Liu Wansu 劉完素. DC uncertain, printed 1186. 1 juan. The book is based upon the 19 disease mechanisms elaborated in the chapter Zhi zhen yao da lun 至真要大 論, “Comprehensive Discourse on the Essentials of the Most Reliable,” of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. Liu expands this text and adds his own differentiations, emphasizing fire as the most common cause of disease. yuan da 袁達 [3] Ming 明 dynasty writer. Style name Dexiu 德修, a man of Min xian 閩縣, now part of Fu jian 福建. He passed the provincial graduate (ju ren 舉人) examinations in 1513 and held various local posts. Author of the → Qin chong shu 禽蟲述. yuan dexiu 元德秀 (696-754) Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Zizhi 紫芝, a man of He nan 河南, now Luo yang 洛陽 in He nan 河南, jin shi 733. When his nephew lost his family as a baby, Yuan had no money to hire a wet nurse and breast-fed the child himself. For several days his milk flowed vigorously. The story is recorded in the Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), and LSZ takes it over in SE ren gui 人傀, referring to Yuan as Yuan Dexiu [1] and Dexiu 德秀 [1]. Yuan fang 院方 → Yu yao yuan fang 御藥院方 yuan Hao 元顥 (485-529) [1] Northern Wei 魏 member of the imperial clan. He received the hereditary rank of Prince of Bei hai (Bei hai wang 北海王) and served as a general and Regional Inspector (ci shi 刺史) of Xu zhou 徐州. Later he fled to Southern Liang 梁 and attacked Northern Wei where he enthroned himself as emperor Jian Wu di 建武帝 in 529. In that same year, he was wiped out by Er Zhuying 尒朱榮 who had been advised to do this by → Gao Daomu 高道穆. LSZ mentions him in SE fu she 蝮蛇. Yuan hua ji 原化記, “records of Original Transformations” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty book. EE → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記. Written by an unidentifiable Huangfu shi 皇甫氏, “Mr. Huangfu.” DC and size uncertain. The text records information on an ancient mythological creature, the wo dou 蝸斗, and this is repeated in the Tai ping guang ji. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliography but cites the Tai ping guang ji material second hand in his main text, erroneously referring to the creature as huo dou 禍斗.

620 yuan Hui 元徽 [1] Probably an erroneous name for → Wang Wei 王微. The → ZLBC cites this name second hand in a list of famous doctors of the Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty, and this is taken over by LSZ. The original preface of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 to the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) has the same list but refers to Wang Wei instead. Yuan ji qi wei ji 原機啟微集, “Collection Enlightening the Subtleties of the Origins and Mechanisms [of disease]” This is LSZ’s name for the Yuan ji qi wei 原機啟微, “Enlightening the Subtleties of the Origins and Mechanisms [of Disease],” a Ming 明 dynasty book on ophthalmology. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Ni Weide 倪維德. DC 1370. 2 juan. Juan 1 is a theoretical discussion of the origins of eye diseases, while juan 2 details more than 40 appropriate medicinal treatments. LSZ refers to the book as Yuan ji qi wei ji [4] and as Qi wei ji 啟微集, “Collection Enlightening the Subtleties,” [2]. Yuan jue jing 圓覺經, “Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment” [1] Buddhist text, an important sutra of Mahayana Buddhism. FE Xu gu jin yi jing tu ji 續古今譯經圖記, “Sequel of the Illustrated Records of Old and New Translated Sutras.” AN originally Da fang guang yuan jue xiu duo luo le yi jing 大 方廣圓覺修多羅了義經, “Classic of the True Meaning of the Sutra of Extensive Perfect Enlightenment in the Complete Doctrine.” The Xu gu jin yi jing tu ji states that the text was translated by the monk Fotuo Duoluo 佛陀多羅, also called Juejiu 覺救, during the Tang. It received various annotations and comments by the Chan master Guifeng Zongmi 圭峰宗蜜 (780-841) and other later commentators. The Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” lists early versions as Yuan jue jing da xiao shu chao 圓覺經大小疏鈔, “Major and Minor Transcription and Commentary of the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment.” The sutra is now considered to be an early 8th century work. Originally 1 juan. The book still existed during Ming 明 and Qing 清 times. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections without indicating the translator and does not cite any material from it in his main text. Yuan shi 元史, “History of the yuan” [3] Standard history of the Yuan 元 dynasty. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Song Lian 宋濂 and others. DC 1369-1370. 210 juan. The book is a complete history of the Mongol Yuan dynasty, written in the annal-biography style (ji zhuan ti 紀傳體). The book preserves much source material but is arranged in a somewhat disorderly way. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. LSZ adds comments by → He Mengchun 何孟春 to his citations, and the name → Buzhi’er 布智兒 he uses differs from the name used in the original History of the Yuan. This suggests that he was using He’s annotations and corrections from the Yu dong xu lu 餘冬敘錄, “Well-Arranged Records Taken during my Winter Days,” (→ Yu dong lu 餘冬錄).

621 yuan Shi zu 元世祖 (1215-1294) [1] This is Qubilai Khan, founder and first emperor of the Yuan 元 dynasty, r. 12601294. LSZ cites an incident in SE mu gou 木狗 of how Yuan Shi zu suffered from a foot disease and wore trousers made of the hide of mu gou. yuan Xisheng 元希聲 (662-707) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty official and poet. A man of Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南. Jin shi. He served at the Ministry of Rites (si li 司禮) and the Ministry of Personnel (li bu 吏部) and collected recipes of → Zhang Wenzhong 張文仲 and other physicians. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 cites a number of his secret recipes, and LSZ takes two over in his main text. yuan yishan 元遺山 (1190-1257) [1] This is the literary name of the Jin 金 scholar Yuan Haowen 元好問. Style name Yuzhi 裕之, a man of Xiu rong 秀容, now Xin zhou 忻州 in Shan xi 山西. He was the author of the Yishan ji 遺山集, “Yishan’s Collection,” and other books. LSZ cites a → Yuan Yishan fang 元遺山方 associated with him in SE shi yan 石燕. Yuan Yishan fang 元遺山方, ”recipes of yuan yishan” [1] Source of a pharmaceutical recipe, probably not a book. Associated with → Yuan Yishan 元遺山. LSZ cites a recipe to cure teeth that have been neglected and are no longer firm in SE shi yan 石燕 from a Yuan Yishan fang. This recipe can be traced back to the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 juan 70, where it is listed as “stone swallow powder to strengthen the teeth” (lao ya shi yan zi san 牢牙石燕子散) without any indication of its source. The same juan records a “powder of Yishan to strengthen the teeth” (Yishan lao ya san 遺山牢牙散), but except for its use of shi yan zi 石燕子 this recipe has nothing in common with the “stone swallow powder” mentioned above. Hence it remains unclear why LSZ labels the “stone swallow powder” Yuan Yishan fang. yuan Zhen 元稹 (779-831) [5] Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Weizhi 微之, a man of Luo yang 洛陽 in present-day He nan 河南, who lived in Wan nian 萬年 in Jing zhao 京兆, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. Yuan Zhen held high court posts and was a friend of the poet → Bai Juyi 白居易. His literary collection is called the Yuan shi chang qing ji 元氏長慶集, “Mr. Yuan’s Chang qing Reign Period Collection” (→ Chang qing ji 長慶集 ). Yuan Zhen shi 元稹詩 → Chang qing ji 長慶集  yuan Zhongyang 袁仲陽 Probably a Jin 晉 dynasty person. A man of Jiang xia 江夏, now Wu han 武漢 in Hu bei 湖北. When he was once serving the Daoist master → Chen Zi 陳孜, Chen advised him to ingest dates seeds to cure his disease. LSZ cites this story in SE zao 棗, referring to Yuan as Yuan Zhongyang [1] and as Zhongyang 仲陽 [1]. yuan Zi 袁滋 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Deshen 德深, a man of Run an 汝南 in Chen jun 汝南, now part of He nan 河南. He first received a court position in

622 780 and eventually advanced to the post of Minister (shang shu 尚書). In 794 he was ordered to Nan zhao 南詔 as an envoy. Author of the → Yun nan ji 雲南記. yuanhua 元化 → Hua Tuo 華佗 yuansu 元素 [209] Designation for → Zhang Yuansu 張元素. Citations labeled Yuansu that contain material on pharmaceutical substances are taken from Zhang’s → Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊, but those that mention medical recipes are from the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集, which was actually not written by Zhang Yuansu but by → Liu Wansu 劉完素. Yuanying ji 淵穎集, “Collection of [Wu] yuanying” [2] Yuan 元 dynasty literary collection. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Wu Lai 吳萊, edited by → Song Lian 宋濂. 12 juan, plus a 1 juan appendix. The book is named after the author’s posthumous name Yuanying 淵穎, “Deep Intelligence,” given by his disciples. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Yue ling 月令, “Monthly Ordinances”  Chapter in the → Li ji 禮記. Traditionally attributed to the Duke of Zhou 周 (→ Zhou gong 周公), but the text is in fact a Qin 秦 or Han 漢 compilation of material from the → Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋. AN Lü shi yue ling 呂氏月令, “Mr. Lü’s Monthly Ordinances,” Ming tang yue ling 明堂月令, “Monthly Ordinances from the Hall of Brilliance.” The text describes the twelve months of the lunar calendar and things associated with them in terms of the five transitional phases (wu xing 五行). It reflects seasonal changes in agricultural production during the Warring States period and the Qin and Han dynasties. Although LSZ does not list the chapter separately in his bibliography, he frequently cites it in his main text, referring to the work as Yue ling [32], Ming tang yue ling [1], Lü shi yue ling [1], Li ji yue ling 禮記月令, “Monthly Ordinances from the Li ji,” [1], and erroneously as Yi shu yue ling 逸書月令, “Monthly Ordinances from the Remaining Book,” [1]. He also cites annotations by → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 as Zheng Xuan zhu 鄭玄注, “Annotations of Zheng Xuan,” [3]. In addition, LSZ cites books similar to the Yue ling such as the → Yue ling tong zuan 月令通纂, the → Si min yue ling 四民月令, etc.

 [1] The lost Yue ling written by → Cai Yong 蔡邕, fragments of which are preserved in the → Pi ya 埤雅 and other works. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites one fragment in the main text. Yue ling tong zuan 月令通纂, “Comprehensive Compilation of Monthly Ordinances” [3] Ming 明 dynasty book. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by Huang Jian 黃諫. 4 juan. The author took an earlier work by Zhou Kou 周口, the Yang sheng yue lan 養生月覽, “Monthly Guide to Nurturing Life,” reorganized its material and combined it with the Nong sang cuo yao 農桑撮要, “Synopsis of Farming and Sericulture,” to produce the Yue ling tong zuan. The text is organized on a month by month basis and

623 takes section headings from the → Yue ling 月令  chapter of the → Li ji 禮記. It attaches a list of traditional pharmaceutical substances to provide a convenient overview. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text without mentioning the name of the author. The author Huang Jian, style name Tingchen 廷臣, was a Ming dynasty high official. His ancestral home was in Gao you 高郵 in present-day Jiang su 江蘇, but he later migrated to Lan zhou 蘭州 in Gan su 甘肅. Jin shi during the zheng tong 正統 reign period (1436-1449), served as an imperial tutor at the Han lin 翰 林 Academy. Of high erudition, Huang was also a painter and calligrapher and took an interest in medicine. Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨鈔, “Consecutive Notes of Happy Life [Hall]” Lost Southern Song 宋 book. EE → Shuo fu 説郛. AN Yue sheng tang sui chao 悅 生堂隨抄, “Consecutive Notes of Happy Life Hall.” Written by → Jia Sidao 賈 似道. 100 juan. The book assembles material from dynastic histories, institutional histories, and various fragmentary writings of thirteen dynasties. It was never printed, but fragments are found in the Shuo fu and the Yong le da dian 永樂大 典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period.” LSZ lists the work as Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨鈔 [1] in his bibliographical sections but writes it Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨抄 [2] in the main text, citing second hand from the Shuo fu. Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨抄 → Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨鈔 yue Shi 樂史 (930-1007) [2] Song 宋 dynasty literatus and geographer. Style name Zizheng 子正, a man of Yi huang 宜黃 in Fu zhou 撫州, now part of Jiang xi 江西, jin shi 980. He served Southern Tang 唐 and afterwards the Song, holding various court and regional offices. In his later years, Yue went to Luo yang 洛陽 and devoted himself to literary activities. He was the author of the → Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記, the Yang Taizhen wai zhuan 楊太真外傳, “Outer Biography of Yang Taizhen,” the Lü Zhu zhuan 綠珠傳, “Biography of Lü Zhu,” a Guang zhuo yi ji 廣卓異 記, “Expanded Records of Outstanding and Extraordinary Things,” and other books. LSZ cites the Tai ping huan yu ji and mistakenly attributes another work, the → Guang yi ji 廣異記, to Yue. yue wang 越王, “King of yue” Name of various kings.  [4] Gou Jian 勾踐, king of the state of Yue 越 during the Warring States period, r. 497-465 BCE. When the → Yi yuan 異苑 speaks of a King of Yue who set out from Jin an 晉安 (now Nan an 南安 in Fu jian 福建) to travel in the South Sea, this may be a reference to Gou Jian. When LSZ refers to a King of Yue without specifying an era, this is Gou Jian as well.  [1] In Wu yue wang 吳越王, “King of Wu yue,” this is → Qian Liu 錢鏐.

 [3] In connection with → Han Wu di 漢武帝 sending → Tang Meng 唐蒙 on a diplomatic visit to Nan yue, this is the Nan yue wang 南越王, “King of Nan yue,” i.e., → Zhao Tuo 趙佗. Nan yue 南越 was the ancient name of a state of

624 Western Han 漢 period. The Yue wang who, according to the legend, was killed by the → Lin yi wang 林邑王 was also the king of Nan yue. yue Xiaoman 樂小蠻 [1] Northern Song 宋 general. A man of Xiang zhou 襄州, now Xiang yang 襄陽 in Hu bei 湖北. The → ZLBC quotes the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  with a statement on how Le obtained an effective recipe to treat the excessive consumption of wine. LSZ takes this over in SE lü 驢. yuechi 月池 → Li Yanwen 李言聞 yuechi weng 月池翁 → Li Yanwen 李言聞 yuechi zi 月池子 → Li Yanwen 李言聞 yun 雲 → Fan Yun 范雲 yun 鄆 → Xia Houyun 夏侯鄆 Yun dou shu 運斗樞 → Chun qiu yun dou shu 春秋運斗樞 Yun fu 韻府 → Yun fu qun yu 韻府群玉 Yun fu qun yu 韻府群玉, “a Multitude of Jades from the Storehouse of rhymes” Late Song 宋, early Yuan 元 dynasty encyclopedia. Compiled by Yin Shifu 陰 時夫 and annotated by his elder brother Yin Zhongfu 陰中夫 (→ Yin shi 陰 氏). 20 juan. The book selected and listed allusions and figures of speech, listing its material by rhyme. It constitutes the earliest extant encyclopedia organized in this manner. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections as Yun fu qun yu [1], attributing it to the Yin shi 陰氏, “Yin Brothers.” He also cites material from it as Yun fu 韻府, “Storehouse of Rhymes,” [2] in the main text. The fragment cited in SE deng zhan 燈盞, however, is only second hand material from the Yun fu qun yu, which refers it to a Ben cao 本草, “Materia Medica,” that is, the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺. So LSZ’s claim that oil lamps were first mentioned as a pharmaceutical substance in the BCGM is wrong. Yun hui 韻會 → Gu jin yun hui 古今韻會 Yun nan ji 雲南記, “records of yun nan” [3] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty geographical text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Yuan Zi 袁滋. DC 818. 5 juan. The book records things the author saw and heard while staying in Yun nan 雲南 at the time of the Nan zhao 南詔 kingdom. Fragments are quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, where he once incorrectly refers to a Yun nan ji of → Fan Chuo 樊綽, apparently confusing the title with the → Yun nan zhi 雲南志. Yun nan zhi 雲南志, “Monograph on yun nan” [2] Tang 唐 dynasty geographical text. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” AN there Man shu 蠻 書, “Book of the Southern Barbarians,” but called Yun nan zhi in the Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” and Yun nan shi ji 雲南史記, “Historical Records of Yun nan,” in the Yong le da dian

625 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period.” Written by → Fan Chuo 樊綽. 10 juan. The original text is lost, only the edited version in the Yong le da dian survives. LSZ does not list this work in his bibliographical sections but does refer to a Yun nan zhi in his main text. He does, however, also refer to a → Yun nan ji 雲南記 of Fan Chuo, apparently confusing the Yun nan zhi with the Yun nan ji of → Yuan Zi 袁滋. It therefore remains uncertain which book LSZ actually took his second hand citations from. yunqi zi 雲岐子, “Master yunqi” [2] This is the literary name of Zhang Bi 張璧, a Yuan 元 dynasty physician and the son of → Zhang Yuansu 張元素. The still extant 10 juan Jiegu laoren zhu Wang Shuhe mai jue 潔古老人注王叔和脈訣, “Wang Shuhe’s Rhymed Instructions on [Movements in the] Vessels, Annotated by Old Man Jiegu,” was jointly annotated by himself and his father. Parts of this were later excerpted to produce the Yunqi zi mai jue 雲岐子脈訣, “Master Yunqi’s Rhymed Instructions on [Movements in the] Vessels.” Zhang Bi was also the author of a number of now lost books including the Yi xue xin shuo 醫學新説, “New Discussion of Medical Studies,” the Bao ming shang han lun 保命傷寒論, “Shang han lun to Preserve Life,” the Shuhe bai wen 叔和百問, “A Hundred Questions to [Wang] Shuhe,” and the Bao ming ji lun lei yao 保命集論類要, “Categorized Essentials of a Collection of Discourses on Preserving Life.” LSZ refers incorrectly to a Bao ming ji 保命集, “Collection of [Writings on] Preserving Life,” of Yunqi zi but actually means the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集 of → Liu Wansu 劉完素, the authorship of which he frequently gets mixed up about. Yun shu 韻書, “dictionary of rhymes” [5] Dictionary with characters arranged by the four tones and rhymes. Rhyming dictionaries quoted in the BCGM include the → Tang yun 唐韻, the → Guang yun 廣韻, the → Qie yun 切韻, the → Hong wu zheng yun 洪武正韻, the → Gu jin yun hui 古今韻會, the → Ji yun 集韻, and the → Zeng yun 增韻. LSZ’s quotations of a Yun shu do not seem to be references to any other specific book but rather to the dictionaries listed above. Yun tai fang 雲臺方, “recipes of the Cloud Terrace” [1] Source of a pharmaceutical recipe. Not listed in any ancient or recent bibliographical source. LSZ cites a recipe from a Yun tai fang in SE lu feng fang 露蜂 房, which is identical with a “violet frost pill” (zi shuang wan 紫霜丸) recorded in the Song 宋 collection → Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄. The → Pu ji fang 普濟 方 cites the recipe but does not indicate its source. Hence, the exact meaning of yun tai 雲臺 remains to be clarified. Yun xian lu 雲仙錄, “records of the Immortals of the Clouds” Abbreviated title for the Yun xian za ji 雲仙雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of the Immortals of the Clouds.” FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN originally Yun xian san lu 雲仙散錄, “Scattered Records of the Immortals of the Clouds,” Initially attributed to the Tang 唐 dynasty author Feng Zhi 馮贄, but this is uncertain. 10 juan (sometimes erroneously noted with 1 juan). From the Southern Song 宋 on, bibliog-

626 raphies considered the book a forgery due to its style and anachronisms (one of the sources cited mentions the Five Dynasties kingdom of Wu yue 吳越) and attributed the work to Wang Zhi 王銍 (→ Wang Xingzhi 王性之), an early Southern Song author. The Si ku quan shu zong mu ti yao 四庫全書總目提要, “Index and General Bibliography to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” affirms this opinion and identifies the Yun xian san lu as the Yun xian za ji. LSZ mistakenly lists the book as → Ling xian lu 靈仙錄 [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites it as Yun xian lu [1] in the main text. Yun xiang fu 芸香賦, “rhapsody on rue” [1] Jin 晉 dynasty fu 賦. Written by → Cheng Gong sui 成公綏. The text is preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, and other books. LSZ cites a couplet from the poem in SE shan fan 山礬. Yun yao 蘊要 → Shang han yun yao 傷寒蘊要 Yun yu yang qiu 韻語陽秋, “Comments on rhymed Phrases” [2] Song 宋 dynasty book of poetry criticism. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by Ge Lifang 葛 立方 (→ Ge Changzhi 葛常之). 20 juan. The book discusses achievements and shortcomings in the poetry of various figures. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections but refers to the author only as Ge shi 葛氏, “Mr. Ge,” there, although he does name the author as Ge Changzhi in the main text when citing material on an ointment made of qiu ye 楸葉. Yunlin shi pu 雲林石譜, “Treatise on rocks by [du] yunlin” [2] Northern Song 宋 book. FE Wen yuan ge shu mu 文淵閣書目, “Catalogue of the Erudite Literature Pavilion.” Written by Du Wan 杜綰 (→ Du Jiyang 杜季陽, literary name name Yunlin jushi 雲林居士). DC early 12th century. 2 juan. The book discusses the economic and aesthetic value of 116 kinds of stones, providing information on their places of origin, appearance, and extraction methods. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. yunqi zi 雲岐子, “Master yunqi” [2] This is the literary name of Zhang Bi 張璧, a Yuan 元 dynasty physician and the son of → Zhang Yuansu 張元素. The still extant 10 juan Jiegu laoren zhu Wang Shuhe mai jue 潔古老人注王叔和脈訣, “Wang Shuhe’s Rhymed Instructions on [Movements in the] Vessels, Annotated by Old Man Jiegu,” was jointly annotated by himself and his father. Parts of this were later excerpted to produce the Yunqi zi mai jue 雲岐子脈訣, “Master Yunqi’s Rhymed Instructions on [Movements in the] Vessels.” Zhang Bi was also the author of a number of now lost books including the Yi xue xin shuo 醫學新説, “New Discussion of Medical Studies,” the Bao ming shang han lun 保命傷寒論, “Shang han lun to Preserve Life,” the Shuhe bai wen 叔和百問, “A Hundred Questions to [Wang] Shuhe,” and the Bao ming ji lun lei yao 保命集論類要, “Categorized Essentials of a Collection of Discourses on Preserving Life.” LSZ refers incorrectly to a Bao ming ji 保命集, “Collection of [Writings on] Preserving Life,” of Yunqi zi but actually

627 means the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集 of → Liu Wansu 劉完素, the authorship of which he frequently gets mixed up about. yunwen 允文 → Yu Yong gong 虞雍公 yutian yinzhe 玉田隱者, “recluse of the Jade Field” [1] Ming 明 dynasty person of uncertain identity. LSZ relates a case history involving him in SE dong bi tu 東壁土. yuxi 禹錫  [104] → Zhang Yuxi 掌禹錫  [1] → Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫

-ZZa bing zhi li 雜病治例, “Examples for the Treatment of Miscellaneous diseases” Ming 明 dynasty treatise on miscellaneous diseases. FE Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目 錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury.” Written by → Liu Chun 劉純. DC 1408. 1 juan. The text covers 74 disease signs, each entry including a brief summary of disease causes and a detailed discussion on treatment methods and appropriate recipes. LSZ does not list the book in his bibliographical sections but cites it in the main text as Za bing zhi li [2] and as Zhi li 治例. “Examples of Treatment,” [3]. The version of the text cited by LSZ appears more detailed than the version that is extant today. Za ji 雜記, “Miscellaneous records” [1] This is LSZ’s abbreviation for the Shitian za ji 石田雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of [Shen] Shitian,” a Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆 記. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” Written by → Shen Zhou 沈周. DC c. 1509, published posthumously. 1 juan. The text is a record of what the author heard and witnessed. LSZ cites it in SE gou 狗. Za lu 雜錄, “Miscellaneous records”  [2] Name of a book. EE → Cha jing 茶經, which attributes the book to → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. AN Xin lu 新錄, “New Records.” The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and the Cha jing quote a story about → Huang shan jun 黃山君. LSZ takes over the attribution of authorship in his bibliographical sections and the story about Huang shan jun in the main text. He disagrees with the text’s entry about tea and its claimed magical effects on the body and bones.  [1] Lost Northern Song 宋 collection of brush note stories (bi ji xiao shuo 筆 記小説). FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Za shuo 雜説, “Miscellaneous Anecdotes.” Written by an otherwise unknown → Zhao Bigong 趙辟公. DC and size uncertain. The → Pi

628 ya 埤雅 preserves various fragments from the text, and LSZ cites one second hand in SE man li yu 鰻鱺魚. Za xing 雜興 → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 Za xing fang 雜興方 → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 Za xiu yang shu 雜修養書, “Book of Miscellaneous Ways of Cultivation and Nurturing” Lost, anonymous Daoist book of early Song 宋 times or before. Size uncertain. The book includes a passage recommending a decoction with mu xiang 木香 to make one’s beard turn black again. This is quoted with an annotation in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. → Su Song 蘇頌 quotes the same text and annotation in his → TJBC but attributed the commentary to → Xu Kai 徐鍇. The TJBC material is preserved in the → ZLBC, but in some editions of the ZLBC the characters za xiu yang shu 雜修養書 have been changed to an Xiu yang shu 按修 養書, “according to the Book of Cultivation and Nurturing.” LSZ takes over this error and also writes Xiu yang shu 修養書 [1]. Za zhi 雜志  [1] Abbreviation for the → Ming dao za zhi 明道雜志

 [2] Part of the title of the → Jiang Linji za zhi 江鄰幾雜志 Za zi jie gu 雜字解詁, “Explanatory Notes on Miscellaneous Characters” [1] Lost lexicographical text. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” The Sui shu jing ji zhi attributes the text to a Northern Wei 魏 Assistant Director of the Right in the Palace Discipline Service (yi ting you cheng 掖庭右丞) called Zhou shi 周氏, “Mr. Zhou.” The Tang 唐 period Shi ji suo yin 史記索隱, “Expounding the Obscure Matters in the Shi ji,” of Sima Zhen 司馬貞 lists a Za zi jie gu by one Zhou Cheng 周成. However, the Sui shu jing ji zhi, citing the Liang 梁 dynasty → Qi lu 七錄, also mentions Zhou Cheng by name when listing his Jie wen zi 解文字, “Explanation of Literary Characters,” so Zhou shi may not be identical with Zhou Cheng. Fragments of the Za zi jie gu are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. The passage LSZ cites in SE han ju 寒具 can also be found in the Tai ping yu lan. Za zu 雜俎 → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 Zai chuan wang mei ren 菑川王美人, “Imperial Concubine of the Prince of Zai chuan” [2] Western Han 漢 person, concubine of Liu Xian 劉賢, then prince of Zai chuan 菑川 (r. 164 -153 BC). After she had given birth to a son, she was unable to breastfeed him and sought the help of → Chunyu Yi 淳於意. The story is recorded in the → Shi ji 史記, and LSZ takes it over in SE xiao shi 消石. Zan yin 昝殷 [18] Tang 唐 dynasty medical specialist. Also called Zan Shang 昝商 due to a naming taboo. A man of Cheng du 成都 in Si chuan 四川. He held a medical appointment at court during the da zhong 大中 reign period (847-860) and wrote the →

629 Chan bao 產寶 (now called Jing xiao chan bao 經效產寶, “Proven and Efficacious Jewels of Childbirth”). Zan is also the author of the → Shi yi xin jing 食醫心鏡. Zanneng 贊能 (11th century) Song 宋 dynasty Daoist of the Shao ying gong 昭應宮 temple. According to the Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ), he once cured → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 (r. 1022-1064) of mumps by application of chi xiao dou 赤小豆. LSZ erroneously renders his name Zanning 贊寧 [1]. Zanning 贊寧 (919-1001)  Northern Song 宋 Buddhist monk. Secular surname Gao 高, a man of De qing 德淸 in Wu xing 吳興, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He entered the Long xing 龍興 monastery in Hang zhou 杭州 and was known as Wu seng Zanning 吳僧贊寧, “Monk Zanning of Wu,” or Seng Zanning 僧贊寧, “Monk Zan ning.” He was installed as Buddhist controller (seng tong 僧統) of Zhe jiang by the founder of Wu yue 吳越, Qian Liu 錢鏐, and in 978 was summoned to court by → Song Tai zong 宋太宗 to hold various religious positions in metropolitan centers. He compiled the Gao seng zhuan 高僧傳, “Biographies of Eminent Monks,” and wrote many other works including the → Wu lei xiang gan zhi 物 類相感志 and the → Sun pu 筍譜, which is probably what LSZ calls → Zhu pu 竹譜  in his bibliography. LSZ refers to him as as Zanning [4], as Wu seng Zanning [2], and as Seng Zanning [4].

 [1] In a citation from the Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ), this is → Zan neng 贊能. Zao hua quan yu 造化權輿, “The Beginning of the Creation of Things” [3] Lost Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by Zhao Zimian 趙自勔. DC 748. 6 juan (AV 1 juan). Zhao Zimian held a judicial post at the palace of prince Feng 豐 of Tang. His book focused on unusual transformations of the things of the universe. Fragments are found in the → Pi ya 埤雅. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text second hand from the Pi ya but does not indicate an author. Zao hua zhi nan 造化指南, “Guide to the Creation of Things” Daoist pharmaceutical text. EE BCGM. According to LSZ, the text claims to be based on statements of the legendary → Tu su zhen jun 土宿真君 and to be annotated and explained by → Baopu zi 抱朴子  (→ Ge Hong 葛洪), but this is an invention of Song 宋 and Yuan 元 alchemists. The text is divided into 33 chapters that cover 53 numinous herbs regarded as elixirs. The original text apparently did not survive, but the → Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊 seems to have used it as a source. LSZ cites the text as Zao hua zhi nan [9], as Tu su zhen jun ben cao 土宿真君本草, “Materia Medica of the Perfected Sovereign of Saturn,” [5], Tu su ben cao 土宿本草, “Saturn Materia Medica,” [12], and as Tu su 土宿, “Saturn,” [12]. He also refers material to the Tu su zhen jun [14] directly.

630 Zeng duanbo 曾端伯 (fl mid-12th century) [2] This is the style name of Zeng Zao 曾慥, a late Northern Song 宋, early Southern Song official, Daoist, and poet. Literary name Zhi you zi 至游子, “The Master Who Makes the Most of Travelling,” a man of Jin jiang 晉江, now Quan zhou 泉州 in Fu jian 福建. A descendant of the high Northern Song official Zeng Gongliang 曾公亮 (→ Zeng Lu gong 曾魯公), he held various local posts in different places during and after the transition period from Northern to Southern Song. In his later years, he lived as a Daoist recluse at Yin feng 銀峰. He wrote extensively, mainly Daoist works (the most important of which is the Dao shu 道樞, “Axis of the Dao”). His → Lei shuo 類説 was frequently used as a source by LSZ. Zeng Fuxian 曾孚先 [1] Early Southern Song 宋 physician with special expertise in external medicine. He participated in the collection of data associated with ancient recipes that had proven to be effective, and was the author of a Bao sheng hu ming ji 保生護命 集, “Collection to Preserve Life and Protect Destiny.” His views are quoted in the → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要, and LSZ cites a fragment second hand in SE sha cao 莎草. Zeng gong tan lu 曾公談錄, “records of Talks with the Honorable Mr. Zeng” [1] Collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). Not listed in any bibliography or book catalogue. Possibly written by a grandson of Zeng Gongliang 曾公亮 (→ Zeng Lu gong 曾魯公), DC late Northern Song 宋 or early Southern Song. The text is quoted in the → Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨抄 of → Jia Sidao 賈似道, and LSZ takes the material over in SE jia su 假蘇. Zeng Jingren 曾景仁 Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Lin chuan 臨川, now Fu zhou 撫州 in Jiang xi 江西. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, he suffered from nasal lesions resulting from excessive alcohol consumption, but was cured by a recipe given to him by a stranger. LSZ cites this story in SE zi wei 紫葳 but erroneously writes his name Zeng Ziren 曾子仁 [1]. Zeng Lu gong 曾魯公, “Zeng the duke of Lu” (999-1078) [1] This is Zeng Gongliang 曾公亮, a Northern Song 宋 high official. A man of Jin jiang 晉江 in Quan zhou 泉州, now part of Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1024. He served as Military Affairs Commissioner (shu mi shi 樞密使) and was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Yan (Yan guo gong 兗國公) and Duke of the State of Lu (Lu guo gong 魯國公). He once suffered from “free-flux illness with blood” (li xue 痢血) and was cured by → Chen Yingzhi 陳應之. LSZ cites this in SE mei 梅. Zeng shi 曾氏 → Zeng Shirong 曾世榮 Zeng shi fang 曾氏方 → Huo you xin shu 活幼心書 Zeng shi xiao er fang 曾氏小兒方 → Huo you xin shu 活幼心書

631 Zeng Shirong 曾世榮 (1253-1332?) Yuan 元 dynasty medical expert. Style name Dexian 德顯, literary name Yuxi 育溪, “Yu Creek.” A man of Heng yang 衡陽, now part of Hu nan 湖南. He studied with Liu Sidao 劉思道 for many years and obtained the essential pediatric recipes of his family tradition, thus gaining reputation as an expert in this medical field. Zeng also used the recipes and theories obtained from Liu and supplemented these with his own knowledge to create the → Huo you xin shu 活幼心書. Zeng is also sometimes attributed the → Huo you kou yi 活幼口議, but this is uncertain. LSZ refers to him as Zeng Shirong [5] and Zeng shi 曾氏, “Mr. Zeng,” [2]. Zeng Tang 曾棠 Southern Song 宋 official, served in Yan ling zhen 延陵鎮, now Zhen jiang 鎮 江 in Jiang su 江蘇. According to the → Yi shuo 醫説 → Zhang Sishun 張思順 once cured him of nosebleed. LSZ takes over this story in SE ni bai yin 溺白垽, but in the Jin ling 金陵 edition his name is erroneously written Lu Tang 魯棠 [1], a mistake that was corrected in modern editions of the BCGM. Zeng tong pan 曾通判, “Prefectural Supervisor Zeng” [1] This is Zeng Maozhao 曾茂昭, a Song 宋 dynasty official. According to the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方, his ten-year-old son suffered from “intestinal wind” (chang feng 腸風). Zeng used the ashes of dried persimmon fruit to cure him. LSZ cites this in SE shi 柹. Zeng wei 曾尉, “Commandant Zeng” [1] This is the title of Zeng Tongshi 曾通仕, a late Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Dingyong 定永, a man of Jin xian 進賢 in Hong zhou 洪州, now part of Nan chang 南昌. Served as Commandant (wei 尉) in Feng cheng 豐城. He once used Glauber’s salt to treat difficult births of cats and buffalos. This is documented in the → Xin xiao fang 信效方 and taken over by LSZ in SE pu xiao 朴消. Zeng yuan 曾原 [1] Name of an immortal. In SE chang pu 菖蒲, LSZ cites a statement from the → Chang pu zhuan 菖蒲傳 saying that Zeng ingested acorus to attain the Dao. Zeng yun 增韻, “Expanded rhymes” [1] Southern Song 宋 dictionary, arranged in rhymes. Complete name Zeng xiu hu zhu li bu yun lüe 增修互注禮部韻畧, “Expanded and Revised, Cross-Annotated Concise Rhymes of the Ministry of Rites.” The text is a revised version of the Li bu yun lüe 禮部韻畧, “Concise Rhymes of the Ministry of Rites,” of → Ding Du 丁度 (1037), expanded and annotated by Mao Huang 毛晃 and published by his son Mao Juzheng 毛居正. Printed 1162. During the Ming 明 dynasty this book appeared in numerous editions. LSZ does not list it in his bibliographical sections but cites it in SE ma nao 瑪瑙. Zeng zi 曾子, “Master Zeng” (505-436 BC) [2] Late Spring and Autumn period philosopher and disciple of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子). Given name Shen or Can 參, style name Ziyu 子輿, a man of Nan wu cheng 南武城 in the State of Lu 魯, now part of Shan dong 山東. His

632 words are preserved in the Da Dai li ji 大戴禮記, “Record of Rites by Dai Senior,” and LSZ takes some of this over. Zeng Ziren 曾子仁 → Zeng Jingren 曾景仁 Zha dao 查道 (955-1018) [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Zhanran 湛然, a man of Xiu ning 休 寕 in present-day An hui 安徽. Jin shi 988. He held various posts, including one in the imperial archives. The → Cu yi ji 徂異記 recounts a story about Zha’s encounter with a mermaid during a mission to Korea. LSZ cites this in SE ti yu 䱱魚. Zhai xuan 摘玄 → Zhai xuan fang 摘玄方 Zhai xuan fang 摘玄方, “Selected Profound recipes” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. No author indicated. LSZ frequently quotes the work as Zhai xuan fang [131] and as Zhai xuan 摘玄, “Selected Profundities,” [14]. In addition, he refers to a Ye shi zhai xuan fang 葉氏摘 玄方, “Selected Profound Recipes of Mr. Ye,” [7], to a Ye shi zhai xuan 葉氏摘玄, “Mr. Ye’s Selected Profundities,” [5], to a Danxi zhai xuan fang 丹溪摘玄方, “Selected Profound Recipes of [Zhu] Danxi,” [1], and to a → Danxi zhai xuan 丹溪 摘玄 [2]. The Yi zang mu lu 醫藏目錄, “Bibliography of the Medical Treasury,” lists an anonymous book in 30 juan called Danxi shi xuan 丹溪適玄, “Suitable Profundities of [Zhu] Danxi,” but since this work is lost, there can be no comparison of contents. The anonymous Danxi zhai xuan, however, is still extant today as a hand-copied manuscript. Comparison of contents reveals the following: The three recipes labeled Danxi zhai xuan fang or Danxi zhai xuan are indeed taken from that work. Half the recipes cited as coming from the Ye shi zhai xuan fang are actually from the Danxi zhai xuan, but only very few of the recipes labeled just Zhai xuan fang or Zhai xuan are found in the Danxi zhai xuan. Nonetheless, the surviving Danxi zhai xuan manuscript is incomplete and contains various misplaced passages, so whether the other recipes labeled Zhai xuan fang by LSZ might also have been taken from that work remains a subject of further research. Of uncertain provenance is one recipe cited from a Zhai xuan miao fang 摘玄妙方, “A Selection of Profound and Miraculous Recipes,” [1]. Zhai xuan miao fang 摘玄妙方 → Zhai xuan fang 摘玄方 Zhai yao 摘要 → Yi fang zhai yao 醫方摘要 Zhai yao fang 摘要方 → Yi fang zhai yao 醫方摘要 Zhan 展 → Gao Zhan 高展 Zhan deng hua shu 占燈花術, “The art of Lamp-Flame divination” [1] Lampadomancy, a divination technique, probably not a text. The diviner determines auspicious or inauspicious omens by observation of the movements of the flame of a lamp. LSZ mentions a Zhan deng hua shu recorded in the Yi wen zhi 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise,” of the → Han shu 漢書, but the Han shu yi wen zhi does not list any book associated with this technique. The only passage in the Han shu yi wen zhi that is remotely related to lamp-flame divination reads: “The various diviners record the appearance of a hundred things as omens of good or

633 bad [things to come]” (za zhan zhe ji bai shi zhi xiang hou xiang e zhi zheng 雜佔 者紀百事之象候善惡之徵). Zhan guo ce 戰國策, “Stratagems of the Warring States” [3] Historical text. FE Chong wen zong mu 崇文總目, “General Bibliography of the Imperial Archive.” The book is a collection of speeches and policies offered by Warring States thinkers. Originally there were six different texts on the subject, which were edited during the Western Han 漢 by → Liu Xiang 劉向 to produce the a Zhan guo ce in 33 chapters. In the course of the book’s circulation and transmission, some parts were lost, and many emendations and additions were made. The present version dates to Song 宋 times and describes historical events as well as discussions of Warring States political counselors. Zhan jiao shou 詹教授, “Teacher Zhan” Yuan 元 dynasty person. A man of Chang zhou 常州 in present-day Jiang su 江 蘇. He transmitted a recipe for a pill with frankincense and nutmeg to cure incessant diarrhea. In SE rou dou kou 肉豆蔻, LSZ takes over this story from the → Rui zhu tang jing yan fang 瑞竹堂經驗方 but erroneously calls the teacher Hou jiao shou 侯教授, “Teacher Hou” [1]. Zhan shu 占書, “Book on divination” [1] This is either a general designation for books on divination, or a reference to a specific book with the two characters zhan shu 佔書 in its title. For example, the Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang,” lists a Zhan shu by → Shi Kuang 師曠 and one by → Dongfang Shuo 東方朔, both in 1 juan. LSZ, without naming an author, cites the Zhan shu with the following statement: “If one wishes to know the outcome of the harvest of the five types of grain, it is necessary only to observe the five types of fruit, whether they are plentiful or not.” The → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術 quotes Shi Kuang’s Zhan shu as saying: “When the fruit of the apricot trees are plentiful and not infested by bugs, the harvest of the standing grain will be good that year. The five types of trees precede the five types of grain. Hence, to know [the results of the harvest of ] the five types of grain one must only observe the five types of trees.” This is similar to the material cited in the BCGM. Zhang 張  [1] → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景  [1] → Zhang Qizheng 張七政 Zhang bai hu 張百戶, “Company Commander Zhang” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. A man of Qi zhou wei 蘄州 衛, now Qi chun 蘄春 in Hu bei 湖北. In SE fu zi 附子, LSZ claims that Zhang reached an age of more than 80 years because he ingested deer velvet and processed aconite all his life. Zhang Bo 張勃 Western Jin 晉 author. A man of Dun huang 敦煌, now part of Gan su 甘肅. He held posts during the reign of Emperor Wu 武 of Jin (r. 266-290) and was the

634 author of the → Wu lu 吳錄. LSZ refers to him as Zhang Bo [6] and in SE hua shi 滑石 of the Jin ling 金陵 edition erroneously as Zhang Chi 張勅 [1]. Zhang Bocang 張寶藏 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Originally a Commander of the Imperial Insignia (jin yu jang 金吾長), he submitted a recipe that cured Emperor → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 of dysentery. Thereupon the emperor made an exception and promoted Zhang Bocang to be a third rank civil official (san pin wen guan 三品文 官). This is recorded in the → Du yi zhi 獨異志, and LSZ mentions the story in SE niu 牛. Zhang Buyu 張不愚 [3] Southern Song 宋 physician, an expert in gynecology. A man of Shang cai 上 蔡 in present-day He nan 河南. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方 lists three recipes associated with him, which LSZ takes over in his main text. Zhang Cang 張蒼 (256-152 BCE) [1] Western Han 漢 high official. A man of Yang wu 陽武, now Yuan yang 原陽 in He nan 河南. He served as Imperial Censor (yu shi 御史) during the Qin 秦 dynasty, and later pledged allegiance to Liu Bang 劉邦 (→ Han Gao zu 漢高祖). He rose to the post of Counselor-in-chief (cheng xiang 丞相) and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Bei ping (Bei ping hou 北平侯). He had a special interest in musical temperament and calendrics, and was the author of the Jiu zhang suan shu 九章算術, “Nine Chapters on the Art of Mathematics.” Zhang has a biography in the → Shi ji 史記, which states that in his later years he consumed breast milk to promote longevity. LSZ cites this in SE ru zhi 乳汁. Zhang Changmin 張昌明 → Zhang Changshi 張昌時 Zhang Changshi 張昌時 Song 宋 dynasty official, served as assistant magistrate of Jia xing 嘉興. He transmitted a recipe for a powder with qiang huo 羌活 to cure “water qi” (shui qi 水氣). The → Ben shi fang 本事方 cites this recipe, and LSZ takes it over in SE du huo 獨活, erroneously writing Zhang’s name Zhang Changming 張昌明 [1]. Zhang Chengzhong 張成忠 [1] Northern Song 宋 person. A man of Han yang 漢陽 in present-day Hu bei 湖 北. According to the → Ming yi lu 名醫錄, his young daughter swallowed a golden hairpin by accident. She was cured by ingesting a powder made from the ashes of a goat’s shin-bone. This story is quoted in the → Yi shuo 醫説, and LSZ takes it over in SE yang 羊. Zhang Chi 張勅 → Zhang Bo 張勃 Zhang Congzheng 張從正 (1158-1228) Jin 金 dynasty physician and a major figure of the Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 medical currents. Style name Zihe 子和, literary name Dairen 戴人, “Honored Man,” a man of Kao cheng 考城 in Ju zhou 雎州, now Lan kao 蘭考 in He nan 河南. During the xing ding 興定 reign period (1217-1221) he was called to the Imperial Academy of Medicine (tai yi yuan 太醫院) but resigned shortly after. He dis-

635 cussed medical theory with individuals such as → Ma Zhiji 麻知幾 and Chang Zhongming 常仲明. Following the example of → Liu Wansu 劉完素, he emphasized cooling medicinals and the expelling of pathological influences (xie 邪) to reestablish the correct relationships (zheng 正) within the body. Author of the → Ru men shi qin 儒門事親. LSZ refers to Zhang as Zhang Congzheng [11], Zhang Zihe 張子和 [18], Zihe 子和 [2], or Congzheng 從正 [17]. Zhang daheng 張大亨 [1] Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Xifu 嘉父, a man of Wu yuan 婺源 in present-day Jiang xi 江西. Jin shi 1091. He served at the Imperial Archives (mi ge 秘閣) and in other positions. In 1117 he developed a serious condition of malaria (nüe 瘧) and was ready to retire from his career as an official. He was cured after having ingested a recipe given to him by Wu Neihan 吳内翰 (→ Wu Qian 吳 幵). The story is recorded in the → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方. LSZ cites it in SE gao liang jiang 高良薑 but gives the Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方, “Collected Efficacious Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji yan fang 集驗方 ) as his source. Zhang degong 張德恭 [1] Ming 明 dynasty medical writer. Author of a → Dou zhen bian lan fang 痘疹便 覽方. The Guang zhou zhi 光州志, “Guang zhou Gazetteer,” lists a man of this name. Style name Zi’an 子安, a man of Guang shan 光山, now part of He nan 河南, jin shi 1559. Author of the Yi jie Qi Huang 易解岐黃, “Explanations from the Book of Changes [to the Conversations of ] the Yellow [Thearch] and Qi [Bo],” and other books. Whether this Zhang Degong was the author of the Dou zhen bian lan fang quoted in the BCGM remains unproven. The Zhang Degong quoted by LSZ might also be identical with → Zhang Qingchuan 張清川, author of the → Dou zhen bian lan 痘疹便覽, about whom nothing is known. Zhang dexing 張得興 [1] Fictitious person. See → Zhang Ruyi 張如意. Zhang di 張敵 [1] Five Dynasties period person. The → Qiao mu xian tan 樵牧閑談 reports that he was in possession of a mirror that was able to illuminate the bedroom and show the bodies of people in a healthy state. LSZ cites this in SE gu jing 古鏡. Zhang dianbing 張典兵 → Zhang Gao 張告 Zhang ding 張鼎 Tang 唐 dynasty Daoist and medical writer, fl. kai yuan 開元 reign period (713741). Literary name Wu xuan zi 䏸玄子, “Master of Fish Mystery,” Chong he zi 沖和子, “Master Who Mixes Liquids.” He was the author of various works such as the Yu fang mi jue 玉房祕訣, “Secret Instructions from the Jade Chamber,” or the Tai qing xuan ji wen 太清璇璣文, “Writings on the Jade Armillary Sphere of Great Clarity,” most of which are now lost. Zhang also expanded the Bu yang fang 補養方, “Recipes for Supplementation and Nourishment,” of → Meng Shen 孟詵 to produce the → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草. LSZ refers to him as Zhang Ding [18] and Ding 鼎 [11] when citing material from that text.

636 Zhang donghai 張東海 (1438-1497) [1] This is the literary name Zhang Bi 張弼, a Ming 明 dynasty official, calligrapher, and poet. Style name Rubi 汝弼, a man of Hua ting 華亭, now part of Shang hai 上海. Jin shi 1466. Zhang held high central and local posts and has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming.” He was good at the cursive style of calligraphy, and his poetry was considered clear and refined. Zhang’s writings are assembled in the → Zhang Donghai ji 張東海集. Zhang Donghai ji 張東海集, “Collection of Zhang donghai” [1] Literary collection of Zhang Bi 張弼 (→ Zhang Donghai 張東海) See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by Zhang Bi, compiled by his son. 9 juan (5 juan of prose and 4 juan of poetry). The book did not circulate widely but is nevertheless still extant. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but does not cite it directly in the main text. Zhang Gao 張杲 (c. 1149-1227) [19]  Southern Song 宋 medical expert. Style name Ji ming 季明, a man of Xi xian 歙縣 in Xin an 新安, now part of An hui 安徽. Zhang came from a family of hereditary physicians and was the author of the → Yi shuo 醫説, a book of medical anecdotes assembled from medical works and things that Zhang heard and saw himself.

 In some old editions of the BCGM, this is an incorrect writing for → Zhang Guo 張果. Zhang Gao 張告 Tang 唐 dynasty scholar, a xiu cai 秀才, “Cultivated Talent,” from Jing zhou 荊 州. According to the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎, he once got hold of a louse with two heads. LSZ cites this in SE ren shi 人虱 but erroneously gives his name as Zhang Dianbing 張典兵 [1]. Zhang gong 張公 → Zhang Yanshang 張延賞 Zhang gong zhu 長公主, “Eldest Princess” [1] Sister of an emperor. LSZ recounts the story of the illness of → Yi guo gong 儀國公, son of the Song 宋 emperor → Shen zong 神宗. The emperor’s sister recommended the physician → Qian Yi 錢乙 to cure him. LSZ cites this in SE huang tu 黃土. Zhang gui fei 張貴妃 [1] First-ranking concubine (gui fei 貴妃) surnamed Zhang 張, lived during the Southern Chen 陳 dynasty. Further details about her life are unavailable. LSZ, in SE zhu sha 朱砂, mentions a cosmetic recipe that she is said to have regularly used. Zhang Guo 張果 (8th century?) [6] Tang 唐 era alchemist. Details about his life are uncertain, for they involve claims of immortality. It is said that during his youth Zhang lived as a Daoist recluse at mount Zhong tiao 中條 and went back and forth between the Fen 汾 river and the Jin 晉 area. People thus believed him to be several hundred years old when

637 he was summoned to the court of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 in 733. He was appointed to an official post and received the literary name Tongxuan xiansheng 通 玄先生, “Gentleman Who Penetrates the Profundities.” Later he became known as Zhang Guo lao 張果老, “Zhang Guo the Old,”and was recognized as one of the Eight Immortals. The Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道 藏經) records his work Yu dong da shen dan sha zhen yao jue 玉洞大神丹砂真要 訣, “True and Essential Secret Instructions for Cinnabar [Preparations] of the Great Spirits of the Jade Cavern,” (→ Yu dong yao jue 玉洞要訣). In some old editions of the BCGM Zhang is erroneously referred to as Zhang Gao 張杲 in the bibliography. Zhang Han 張翰 [2] Western Jin 晉 literatus. Style name Jiying 季鷹, a man of Wu xian 吳縣 in Wu jun 吳郡, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. He is said to have been a talented man with special skills in writing. His biography in the → Jin shu 晉書 reports that when Zhang saw the autumn winds come up, he thought of a vegetable broth with chunks of lu yu 鱸魚, a dish he knew from his hometown. He thereupon resigned from his official post. LSZ cites this in his main text. Zhang Heng 張衡 (78-139) [1] Eastern Han 漢 scientist and literatus, an expert in astronomy. Style name Pingzi 平子, a man of Xi e 西鄂 in Nan yang 南陽, now in the south of Nan zhao 南 召 county in He nan 河南. The late Ming 明 author Zhang Pu 張溥 assembled Zhang Heng’s works into the Zhang Hejian ji 張河間集, “Collection of Zhang Hejian.” LSZ cites his → Nan du fu 南都賦 and → Dong jing fu 東京賦 (erroneously referring to this poem as Dong du fu 東都賦, “Rhapsody on the Eastern Capital”) and relates a story about Zhang from the → Bo wu zhi 博物志 . Zhang Hong 張肱 [1] This is a shortened designation for Zhang Hongyin 張肱隱, a Northern Song 宋 physician. The → Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方 refers to him as Zhang Yuanyin 張元隱. A man of Shu 蜀, now Si chuan 四川. His son cured → Jie Yingchen 揭穎臣 of “melting with thirst” (xiao ke 消渴). LSZ erroneously names Zhang Hong as the healer in SE zhi ju 枳椇. Zhang hou 張后, “Empress Zhang” (died 762) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty empress, the wife of → Tang Su zong 唐肅宗. She apparently took advantage of her power and ruled autocratically but was killed by her officials in the end. LSZ informs of a wine prepared by her from the toxic brains of the chi 鴟 bird. Zhang Hua 張華 (232-300) Western Jin 晉 high official and scholar. Style name Maoxian 茂先, a man of Fang cheng 方城 in Fan yang 範陽, now part of He bei 河北. During the early Jin he was Secretariat Director (zhong shu ling 中書令) and court historian, and during the reign of → Jin Hui di 晉惠帝 (r. 290-307) he attained various high posts such as Minister of Works (si kong 司空). He received an enfeoffment and was known for his scholarship. Zhang was the author of the → Bo wu zhi 博物

638 志 , which is frequently cited by LSZ. He refers to the book in his introduction as Bo wu cheng Hua 博物稱華, “A Wide Range of Things According to Hua,” the Hua standing for Zhang Hua. LSZ also makes Zhang the annotator of the → Qin jing 禽經 and the author of the → Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志, but both these attributions are incorrect. LSZ refers to Zhang as Zhang Hua [45] and as Zhang si kong, “Minister of Works Zhang,” [2]. The latter designation is often used by the → ZLBC. Zhang Hua bei 張華輩, “Zhang, Hua, and Their Like” [1] Catch-all term for → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, → Hua Tuo 華佗, and other famous doctors of the late Han 漢 and Three Kingdoms period. Zhang Hua Qin jing zhu 張華禽經注 → Qin jing 禽經 Zhang Hua wu lei zhi 張華物類志 → Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志 Zhang Hua zhu 張華注 → Qin jing 禽經 Zhang Hua zhu Qin jing 張華注禽經 → Qin jing 禽經 Zhang Huan 張煥 → Zhang Huan 張渙 Zhang Huan 張渙 Northern Song 宋 expert in pediatrics, mistakenly referred to as Zhang Huan 張煥 [2] by LSZ. Fl. early 12th century. A man of the northern parts of China, he is said to have come from a family of itinerant physicians specialized in pediatrics. After curing the son of → Song Hui zong 宋徽宗 from an obstinate illness, he gained a medical post at the Han lin 翰林 Academy, from which he rose to hold local official positions. Author of the Xiao er yi fang miao xuan 小兒 醫方妙選, “Miraculous Selection of Medical Recipes for Children” (→ Xiao er fang 小兒方 ). Zhang Ji 張籍 (c. 767-830) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty official and poet. Style name Wenchang 文昌, a man of Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Jin shi 799. He first held ritual posts and later some administrative court offices. This included the posts of Vice Director of Bureau of Waterways and Irrigation (shui bu yuan wai lang 水部員外郎) and Director of Studies at the Directorate of Education (guo zi si ye 國子司業), which made him known as Zhang shui bu 張水部, “Zhang of the Bureau of Waterways and Irrigation,” and Zhang si ye 張司業, “Zhang the Director of Studies.” His collection is the Zhang si ye ji 張司業集, “Collection of Zhang the Director of Studies,” cited by LSZ as the → Zhang Ji shi ji 張籍詩集. Zhang Ji 張機 → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 Zhang Ji shi 張籍詩 → Zhang Ji shi ji 張籍詩集 Zhang Ji shi ji 張籍詩集, “Poetry Collection of Zhang Ji” Literary collection of the Tang 唐 writer → Zhang Ji 張籍. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” The Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness” later calls the text Zhang si ye ji 張司業集, “Collection of Zhang the Director of Studies.” Originally 7 juan, Zhang Ji 張洎 of

639 Southern Tang assembled Zhang’s works into a 12 juan Mu duo ji 木鐸集, “The Wooden Bell Collection,” which is now lost. This work was revised into an 8 juan edition by Tang Zhongzhong 湯中重 during the late Southern Song 宋. LSZ lists the work as Zhang Ji shi ji [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites one poem in the main text as Zhang Ji shi 張籍詩, “Poem of Zhang Ji.” [1]. Zhang Jia 張甲 Eastern Jin 晉 man, a relative of → Cai Mo 蔡謨. Died of “dry cholera” (gan huo luan 干霍亂) later in his life. LSZ refers to him as Zhang Jia [1] and as Jia 甲 [2]. Zhang Jian 張薦 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. When he served as a judge in Jian nan 劍南 under → Zhang Yanshang 張延賞, he was bitten by a spider. Zhang Yanshang put up a notice promising a large sum of money to be awarded to a physician who could cure the judge. Eventually a physician cured him with the juice of the indigo plant. LSZ cites this from the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 in SE lan 藍. Zhang Jianfeng 張建封 (735-800) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Style name Benli 本立, a man of Nan yang 南陽 in Deng zhou 鄧州, now part of He nan 河南. Among other posts, he served as Vice Director of the Left (zuo pu ye 左僕射). He is said to have been transmitted a recipe by the eminent monk → Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 and gained strength by ingesting it. LSZ cites this story second hand from the → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方 in SE xian mao 仙茅. Zhang Jie 張杰 [6] Tang 唐 dynasty physician. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” he was the author of the → Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄. Zhang Jie 章杰 [2] Southern Song 宋 person. A man of Wu xing 吳興. The → Ling nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方 associates a discussion on miasmatic diseases with him (cf. → Zhang shuo 瘴説). LSZ cites this material second hand in his main text. Zhang Jiegu 張潔古 → Zhang Yuansu 張元素 Zhang Jing 張景 Southern Qi 齊 person. At the age of 15, he suffered from “stone-like roundworms” (shi hui 石蛔) and was cured by → Xu Sibo 徐嗣伯 with a decoction from the pillow of a dead person. LSZ cites this in SE si ren zhen xi 死人枕席 but erroneously gives his name as Zhang Jingsheng 張景聲 [1]. Zhang Jing 張經 → Zhang jing li chao qing 張經歷朝請 Zhang jing li chao qing 張經歷朝請, “registrar and audience attendant Zhang” Southern Song 宋 official. Personal name unknown. During the shao ding 紹定 reign period (1228-1233) he served as Registrar (jing li 經歷) and was responsible for court audiences (chao qing 朝請). Once he informed → Wen Wei 溫尉 of the exact dosage of the ingredients for a recipe to strengthen the teeth and blacken

640 the beard. LSZ cites this in SE li chang 鱧腸 but erroneously considers his name to be Zhang Jing 張經 [1]. Zhang Jingsheng 張景聲 → Zhang Jing 張景 Zhang Jingyang 張景陽 → Zhang Xie 張協 Zhang Jiu 張九 [1] Northern Song 宋 fisherman. A man of Wu jiang 吳江 in Su zhou 蘇州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He once successfully used Chinese olives to cure a person choking on a fish bone. LSZ cites this in SE gan lan 橄欖. Zhang Jiuling 張九齡 (678-740) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official, also called Zhang Bowu 張博物. Style name Zishou 子壽, a man of Qu jiang 曲江 in Shao zhou 韶州, now part of Guang dong 廣東. Served in various posts such as Rectifier of Omissions of the Left (zuo bu que 左補闕). According to the → Kai yuan tian bao yi shi 開元天寶遺事, he used pigeons to send letters to relatives and friends when he was young and called them “flying servants” (fei nu 飛奴). LSZ cites this in SE ge 鴿. Zhang Junfang 張君房 [1] Song 宋 dynasty official. A man of An lu 安陸 in present-day Hu bei 湖北, jin shi during the jing de 景德 reign period (1004-1007). He held various offices and was the compiler of the Da Song tian gong bao zang 大宋天宮寶藏, “Precious Treasury of the Heavenly Palace of the Great Song,” (1019) as well as the editor of the Yun ji qi qian 雲笈七籤, “Seven Slips from a Book Chest of Clouds.” According to the Xi hu you lan zhi yu 西湖遊覽志餘, “Extra Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” (→ Xi hu zhi 西湖志), he spent a night at the Yue yin si 月隱寺 monastery in Qian tang 錢塘 (present-day Hang zhou 杭州). There he witnessed moon cassia seeds floating in the air like fog. LSZ cites this in SE yue gui 月桂. Zhang Junqing 章俊卿 [1] This is the style name of Zhang Ruyu 章如愚, a Southern Song official. Literary name Shantang 山堂, “Mountain Hall.” A man of Jin hua 金華 in Wu zhou 婺 州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi during the qing yuan 慶元 reign period (1195-1200). He held a post as a court academician but later moved to hold a post at Gui zhou 貴州. Zhang has a biography in the → Song shi 宋史 and was the author of the → Shan tang kao suo 山堂考索. Zhang Kang 張康 [1] Southern Song 宋 market physician. He once used jing mian cao 鏡面草 to cure a case of blood in the urine. LSZ cites this in SE luo yan cao 螺厴草 Zhang Kuangye 張匡業 → Zhang Kuangye 張匡鄴 Zhang Kuangye 張匡鄴 Official of Later Jin 晉 during the Five Dynasties period. He held the office of Chief Minister of Dependencies (hong lu qing 鴻臚卿) and was sent to Khotan as an envoy from 938 to 942. LSZ erroneously makes him the author of the → Xing cheng ji 行程記, which was actually written by another member of the em-

641 bassy party, Ping Juhui 平居誨. In the main text of the BCGM, LSZ refers to Zhang as Zhang Kuangye 張匡鄴 [2] but mistakenly writes the name Zhang Kuangye 張匡業 [1] in his bibliography. Zhang Lei 張耒 (1054-1114) Northern Song 宋 poet. Style name Wenqian 文潛, literary name Keshan 柯山, “Mount Ke,” also called Wanqiu xiansheng 宛丘先生, “Gentleman of Wan qiu,” due to his place of residence at Wan qiu 宛丘. A man of Huai yin 淮陰 in Chu zhou 楚州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇, jin shi during the xi ning 熙寧 reign period (1068-1077). Zhang held various offices and was put in charge of the “Temple of Enlightening the Dao” (ming dao gong 眀道宮) during the chong ning 崇寧 reign period (1102-1106). His poetry is widely known, and he left behind many literary works. Zhang was one of the “four disciples” of → Su Shi 蘇軾. His collections include a Zhang you shi wen ji 張右史文集, “Literary Collection of Zhang the Right Scribe,” a Wanqiu ji 宛丘集, “Collection of [Zhang] Wanqiu,” a Keshan ji 柯山集, “Collection of [Zhang] Keshan,” and others. Apart from listing the Wanqiu ji as → Zhang Wanqiu ji 張宛丘集 in his bibliography, LSZ cites Zhang’s → Ming dao za zhi 明道雜志 and → Zhou ji 粥記. He refers to him as Zhang Lei [6] and Zhang Wanqiu [2]. Zhang Lu 張路 → Zhang Lu 張潞 Zhang Lu 張潞 Man of Northern Song 宋 times or before. Details about his life are unavailable. The → ZLBC quotes a “greatly efficacious recipe” (da xiao fang 大效方) by Zhang, which later authors mistook for a book called → Da xiao fang 大效 方. LSZ refers to Zhang as Zhang Lu 張潞 [1] and incorrectly as Zhang Lu 張 路 [1]. Zhang Lu fang 張潞方 → Da xiao fang 大效方 Zhang Maoxian 張茂先 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty physician, praised by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 in the Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) as one of the eminent doctors of his time. Zhang Miao 張苗 [1] Famous Jin 晉 dynasty physician, considered one of the “excellent doctors” (liang yi 良醫) of his time by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. The → Qian jin bei ji fang 千 金備急方 refers a Yao dui 藥對, “Combinations of Pharmaceutical Substances,” to him, which is now lost. Zhang is said to have applied → Ruan Henan’s 阮 河南 steaming method with peach leaves to cure a case of inhibited sweating. LSZ cites this in SE tao 桃 but erroneously identifies his source as the → Xiao pin fang 小品方 of → Chen Linqiu 陳廩丘. The material quoted actually goes back to Chen’s Zheng fa jing 蒸法經, “Classic of Steaming Methods,” as cited in the → TJBC. Zhang Minshu 張敏叔 This is the style name of Zhang Jingxiu 張景修, a Song 宋 dynasty high official. A man of Pi ling 毗陵, now Chang zhou 常州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Jin shi 1067. He

642 held a post at the Ministry of Sacrifices (si bu 祠部) and excelled at writing poetry. He once drew a picture of ten different flowers, identifying each of them as a type of guest and composing a poem for each one. Among them jasmine (mo li 茉莉) was named “guest from afar” (yuan ke 遠客). LSZ refers to this in his main text but erroneously writes Zhang’s name Zhang Shumin 張叔敏 [1]. Zhang Mu 張牧 Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty person, the younger brother of the eminent official Zhang Chang 張暢 (408-457). According to the → Song shu 宋書, he once was bitten by a rabid dog and was cured after ingesting minced frog meat. LSZ cites this in SE chan chu 蟾蜍 but erroneously writes his name Zhang Shou 張收 [1]. Zhang Qian 張騫 (died 114 BCE) [14] Western Han 漢 envoy to foreign countries. A man of Cheng gu 成固 in Han zhong 漢中, now in the east of Cheng gu in Shaan xi 陝西. According to the → Shi ji 史記, he was sent to the Western Regions over a period of more than a decade. LSZ frequently refers to pharmaceutical substances brought to China by him, such as indigo (hong lan hua 紅藍花), sesame (hu ma 胡麻), garlic (da suan 大蒜), or small coriander (hu sui 胡荽). Zhang Qingchuan 張清川 [1] Ming 明 dynasty medical writer. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of the → Dou zhen bian lan 痘疹便覽. Possibly the same person as → Zhang Degong 張德恭. Zhang Qizheng 張七政 Tang 唐 dynasty bonesetter, an expert in curing fractures. Fl. 8th to 9th century. He made the injured person drink some medical wine first, before opening the flesh and removing pieces of broken bone. This is recorded in the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 and taken over by LSZ in SE ren gu 人骨. LSZ refers to him as Zhang Qizheng [1] and as Zhang 張 [1]. Zhang Que 張愨 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. The → Yi shuo 醫説 reports his death following the ingestion of cinnabar. LSZ cites this in SE zhu sha 朱砂. Zhang rui 張銳 Southern Song 宋 physician and official, fl. 12th century. Style name Zigang 子 剛, a man of Shu 蜀 (now Sichuan 四川), who later took up residence in Zheng zhou 鄭州, now part of He nan 河南. He acquired a reputation for his medical practice and was therefore appointed to a post at the Imperial Medical Bureau (tai yi ju 太醫局). Later he held a local military office in Cheng zhou 成州. Zhang was the author of the → Ji feng bei ji fang 雞峰備急方. Also attributed to him (AV to → Zhang Huan 張渙) is the Ji feng pu ji fang 雞峰普濟方, “Recipes from Ji feng for Universal Benefit.” This work includes the Ji feng bei ji fang as juan 30. LSZ refers to him as Zhang Rui [3] and as Rui 銳 [2]. Zhang runzhi 張潤之 → Zhang Sishun 張思順

643 Zhang ruyi 張如意 [1] Fictitious person. The Tang 唐 period → Jin xiao fang 近效方 records an apotropaic recipe made of pork and hemp for curing “white tiger disease” (bai hu bing 白虎病). This is applied along with an incantation of the names of Zhang Ruyi and → Zhang Dexing 張得興 as the “original teachers of the white tiger” (bai hu ben shi 白虎本師) able to expel the evil. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 豕. Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰 This is the literary name of Zhang Quanyi 張全一 (AV Zhang Junbao 張君寶), an early Ming 明 dynasty Daoist. A man of Yi zhou 懿州 in Liao dong 遼東, now Fu xin 阜新 in Liao ning 遼寧. Zhang is associated with many stories and legends and has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming,” which reports that in 1381 the hong wu 洪武 emperor (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高 皇帝) dispatched envoys all over to look for Zhang but that they were unable to find him. Zhang’s Zhang Sanfeng zhenren xian fang 張三丰真人仙方, “Immortals’ Recipes of Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One,” (→ Xian chuan fang 仙傳方 ) forms a part of the Sanfeng zhang zhenren shen su ying fang 三丰張真人神速 萬應方, “Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One’s Recipes of Divine Swiftness and Ten-thousand Responses,” (→ Ji xiao fang 集效方 ) of → Sun Tianren 孫天 仁. LSZ refers to him as Zhang Sanfeng [1], as Zhang Sanfeng zhenren 張三丰 真人, “Zhang Sanfeng the Perfected One,” [1], and erroneously as Zhang Sanfeng 張三仹 [5]. Zhang Sanfeng 張三仹 → Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰 Zhang Sanfeng fang 張三仹方 → Xian chuan fang 仙傳方  Zhang Sanfeng xian fang 張三仹仙方 → Xian chuan fang 仙傳方  Zhang Sanfeng zhenren 張三丰真人 → Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰 Zhang shang she 張上舍, “Zhang from the Superior College” [1] Southern Song 宋 person, a member of the Superior College at the Imperial Academy (tai xue shang she 太學上舍). Personal name unknown. A man of Lin an 臨安, now Hang zhou 杭州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一 選方 lists a recipe of his to treat “heart exhaustion with spitting of blood” (lao xin tu xue 勞心吐血). LSZ cites this second hand in SE lian ou 蓮藕. Zhang Shangke 張尚客 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方 lists a recipe of his to treat “water disease” (shui bing 水 病). LSZ cites this in SE da ji 大戟. Zhang Shao 張韶 [2] Person of Northern Song 宋 times or before, a commanding general in Western Zhe jiang 浙江. The → ZLBC quotes a story related in the → Jing yan fang 經驗 方  that Zhang Shao once cured an earthworm bite with salt, and LSZ takes this over in his main text. Zhang shi 張氏, “Mr. Zhang”, “Mrs. Zhang” Various writers and other figures surnamed Zhang.

644  [1] → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景, author of the → Shang han lun 傷寒論 , the → Jin kui yu han fang 金匱玉函方, and the → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略  [10] → Zhang Yuansu 張元素, author of the→ Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠 囊, the → Jiegu jia zhen 潔古家珍, and attributed author of other books.  [1] Unidentifiable author of the → Qian jiang qie yao 灊江切要

 [2] Unidentifiable author of the → Zhang shi jing yan fang 張氏經驗方  [2] → Zhang shi fang 張氏方

 [2] Unidentifiable author of the → Yan Wu xing ji 燕吳行紀

 [1] Erroneous designation for → Sun Rouzhi 孫柔之, author of the → Rui ying tu ji 瑞應圖記.

 [1] Wife of → Li Liangyu 李良雨, from the Zhang 張 clan. Zhang shi fang 張氏方, “recipes of Mr. Zhang” [2] Source of recipes, probably not a book. EE BCGM. Two recipes associated with a Mr. Zhang are cited as Zhang shi fang in the main text, but there is no entry in the bibliographical sections. The material is paralleled by very similar recipes cited in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 as from a Ba cui fang 拔萃方, “Recipes from Collectanea,” and a → Hai shang fang 海上方 , but the source of LSZ’s citations still remains unclear. Zhang shi jing yan fang 張氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. Zhang” [2] Medical recipe book. EE → Wai ke jing yao 外科精要. Attributed to an unidentifiable Zhang shi 張氏, “Mr. Zhang.” DC and size uncertain. LSZ lists the work in his bibliographical sections and in SE cong bai 蔥白 quotes material on hot compresses for the treatment of injuries, but he makes extensive alterations to the original text. Zhang shi lang 張侍郎, “Vice director Zhang” [1] Early Tang 唐 official. Personal name unknown, possibly the Vice Minister of Justice (xing bu shi lang 刑部侍郎) Zhang Xingcheng 張行成 (587-653). According to the → Cui shi fang 崔氏方, he suffered from an “impediment-illness” (ju 疽) affecting one of his fingernails and was successfully treated with green vitriol. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 cites this story, and LSZ takes it over in SE lü fan 綠礬. Zhang shi rui ying tu 張氏瑞應圖 → Rui ying tu ji 瑞應圖記 Zhang Shinan 張世南 [3] Man of Southern Song 宋, also written Zhang Shinan 張士南. Style name Guang shu 光叔, a man of Po yang 鄱陽, now Bo yang 波陽 in Jiang xi 江西. He held an office in Fu jian 福建 and was the author of the → You huan ji wen 游宦紀聞 listed in the Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” The book refers to the years 1214 and 1233, therefore Zhang must have lived during that time. LSZ lists the You huan ji

645 wen in his bibliography and also refers to a → Zhi gui lun 質龜論 of Zhang Shinan, but judging by the material cited this is probably a misquotation. Zhang Shizheng 張師正 Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Buyi 不疑, first-ranking jin shi. During the xi ning 熙寧 reign period (1068-1077) he was a commander in Chen zhou 辰州. Books attributed to him include the Zhi guai ji 志怪集, “Collection of Supernatural Things,” the Kuo yi zhi 括異志, “Records Including Extraordinary Things,” and the Juan you za lu 倦游雜錄, “Miscellaneous Records of Weary Wanderings,” (→ Juan you lu 倦游錄). However, the latter book was possibly written by the Northern Song literatus Wei Tai 魏泰, who may have assumed Zhang’s name. LSZ refers to Zhang as Zhang Shizheng [5] and erroneously as Zhang Sizheng 張思正 [1]. Zhang Shou 張收 → Zhang Mu 張牧 Zhang Shou 張壽 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐宣宗 (r. 846-859). He served as Defender-in-chief (tai wei 太尉) and as governor of Guang zhou 廣州 and is said to have received a recipe with bu gu zhi 補骨脂 from a person of the Nan fan 南番 region. LSZ cites this from the → He ji ju fang 和劑局方, but the He ji ju fang edition extant today has no such story. Zhang Shumin 張叔敏 → Zhang Minshu 張敏叔 Zhang shuo 瘴説, “discourse on Miasma” [1] Reference to a discourse recorded in the → Ling nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生 方, not the title of a book or chapter. The Ling nan wei sheng fang contains a section titled Ling biao shi shuo 嶺表十説, “Ten Discourses on Ling biao,” which discusses miasmatic diseases. This material is associated with → Zhang Jie 章杰 and cited second hand by LSZ, who labels it Zhang shuo in SE bing lang 檳榔. Zhang Shuqian 張叔潛 (1135-1212) This is the style name of Zhang Yuan 張淵, a Southern Song 宋 official. A man of Yong fu 永福 in present-day Guang xi 廣西, jin shi 1163. Served as Gentleman in the Palace Library (mi shu lang 秘書郎) and as a local official in Jian zhou 劍 州. When a child in his family suffered from “free-flux illness with blood” (li xue 痢血), he obtained a recipe that cured it. During a dysentery epidemic in the third year of the shao xi 紹熙 reign period (1192), Zhang Shuqian’s son handed this recipe to the people and it was often used with success. LSZ cites this from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 in SE xu duan 續斷, referring to Zhang as Zhang Shuqian [1] and Shuqian 叔潛 [1]. However, he erroneously identifies the shao xi reign period (1190-1194) as the shao xing 紹興 reign period (1131-1163). Zhang si kong 張司空 → Zhang Hua 張華 Zhang Sishun 張思順 Southern Song 宋 official, served in Jiang kou 江口 town, Run zhou 潤州, now Zhen jiang 鎮江 in Jiang su 江蘇. He had a preference for using ren zhong bai 人中白 to treat nosebleed. According to the → Yi shuo 醫説 he treated → Li Qi 李七 and → Zeng Tang 曾棠 like this. LSZ takes over this story in SE ni bai

646 yin 溺白垽, referring to Zhang as Zhang Sishun [1] and erroneously as Zhang Runzhi 張潤之 [1] due to his incorrect reading of the original passage that says “Zhang supervised Run [zhou] in Jiang kou town” (Zhang jian Run zhi Jiang kou zhen 張監潤之江口鎮). Zhang Sizheng 張思正 → Zhang Shizheng 張師正 Zhang tai yin 張太尹, “Great Governor Zhang” [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. The → Ying tong bai wen 嬰 童百問 lists a recipe transmitted by him for the treatment of “wound wind” (po shang feng 破傷風). LSZ cites this in SE qi cao 蠐螬. Zhang Tang 張湯 → Zhang Xi 張裼 Zhang Tianjue 張天覺 (1043-1122) [1] This is the style name of Zhang Shangying 張商英, a late Northern Song high official. Literary name Wujin jushi 無盡居士, “Unexhaustible Recluse,” a man of Xin jin 新津, now Xin jin county in Si chuan 四川. Jin shi 1065. Zhang was a follower of the reforms of → Wang Anshi 王安石 and converted to Buddhism in his middle years. He held various central and local judicial posts but was demoted to faraway local posts after the rise of → Cai Jing 蔡京. Author of the Hu fa lun 護法論, “Discourse on Protecting the Dharma,” and a literary collection (→ Zhang Tianjue wen ji 張天覺文集). Zhang Tianjue wen ji 張天覺文集, “Literary Collection of Zhang Tianjue” [1] Possibly the lost literary collection of → Zhang Tianjue 張天覺. The Sui chu tang shu mu 遂初堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Entering Seclusion,” lists a Zhang Tianjue ji 張天覺集, “Collection of Zhang Tianjue,” which is no longer extant. LSZ cites a story from the collection about a cure of “massive wind” (da feng 大 風) with chang song 長松, which the text claims to be preserved in the → Qing liang zhuan 清涼傳 of → Shi Huixiang 釋慧祥. The story is definitely cited in the Song 宋 period Mian shui yan tan 澠水燕談, “Leisure Talk from River Mian,” and taken over into the → Yi shuo 醫説. It remains uncertain why LSZ is citing from the Zhang Tianjue wen ji instead. Zhang tianshi 張天師, “Zhang the Celestial Master” (34-156) [1] This is Zhang Daoling 張道陵, an Eastern Han 漢 Daoist. Style name Fuhan 輔 漢, a man of Feng 豐 in Pei guo 沛國, now Feng xian 豐縣 in Jiang Su 江蘇. He practiced the Dao in Si chuan 四川 at He ming 鶴鳴 mountain and established the Way of the Covenant with the Powers of Orthodox Unity (zheng yi meng wei dao 正一盟威道), also known as the Way of the Five Bushels of Rice (wu dou mi dao 五斗米道). This was the beginning of the formation of religious Daoism. In later times he was revered as a Celestial Master (tianshi 天師). LSZ refers to him in SE tian shi li 天師栗. Zhang Tianxi 張天錫 (338-398) [1] Last king of the state of Former Liang 涼 during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He surrendered to Former Qin 秦 in 376 and became a Former Qin official. After the defeat of the army of → Fu Jian 苻堅 against the Eastern Jin 晉 in the battle at the Fei 淝 river in 382, Zhang Tianxi fled to the Jin territories. The Qian

647 Liang lu 前涼錄, “Annals of Former Liang,” in the → Shi liu guo chun qiu 十六 國春秋 records his dialogue with Emperor Xiao Wu di 孝武帝 of Jin, and LSZ cites from this in SE xiao 鴞. Zhang Tiao 張岧 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official, in charge of Yong zhou 邕州. Once he witnessed the positive effects of huang yao zi 黃藥子 in the treatment of goiter. LSZ cites this anecdote from the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方. Zhang Wanqiu 張宛丘 → Zhang Lei 張耒 Zhang Wanqiu ji 張宛丘集, “Collection of Zhang Wanqiu” [1] This is LSZ’s name for the Wanqiu ji 宛丘集, “Collection of [Zhang] Wanqiu,” an anthology of the Northern Song 宋 poet → Zhang Lei 張耒. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題,“Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” 70 juan, but the size varies with editions. LSZ lists the title in his bibliographical sections, but the material referred to Zhang Wanqiu in the main text is probably cited second hand from the → Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧. Zhang Weiqing 張魏卿 [1] This is the style name of Zhang Cunhui 張存惠, a late Jin 金, early Yuan 元 scholar. A man of Ping yang 平陽, now part of Shan xi 山西. In 1249 he produced a new version of the → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草 called Chong xiu zheng he jing shi zheng lei bei yong ben cao 重修政和經史證類備用本草, “The Zheng he Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Practical Use, Repeatedly Revised and Based on Classics and Histories,” which was basically a supplementation of the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草 with material from the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義. Zhang Wenshu 張文叔 [1] Early Yuan 元 person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒 lists several of his recipes, including a powder with red sorghum (hong shu 紅秫). LSZ cites this in SE shu shu 蜀黍 but does not indicate his source. Zhang Wenwei 張文蔚 (died 908) [1] Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Youhua 右華, a man of He jian 河間 in present-day He bei 河北. He held various offices and even rose to be Chancellor (cheng xiang 丞相). The → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言 documents a story about the wisdom of weasels (shu lang zhi 鼠狼智) that allegedly took place in the village of Zhang Wenwei. LSZ cites this in SE da dou 大豆 but erroneously identifies the inner chapters of the → Baopu zi 抱朴子  as his source. Zhang Wenyi 張文懿 (964-1049) [1] This is the posthumous name of Zhang Shixun 張士遜, a Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Shunzhi 順之, a man of Yin cheng 陰城, now Gu cheng 谷城 in Hu bei 湖北. Jin shi 992. He served as Minister of Rites (li bu shang shu 禮部尚書) and Minister of Justice (xing bu shang shu 刑部尚書) and was appointed Grand Councilor (xiang 相) three times. The → Song shi 宋史 has his biography. He was the author of the Ben cao kuo yao shi 本草括要詩, “Materia

648 Medica Including Important Poems,” and Yuan 元 period materia medica texts quote his statements. LSZ cites him in SE qian niu zi 牽牛子. Zhang Wenzhong 張文仲 [51] Tang 唐 dynasty physician. A man of Luo yang 洛陽 in Luo zhou 洛州, now part of He nan 河南. He was made imperial physician during the early reign of Empress Wu 武 (690-704) and was later put in charge of the pharmaceutical bureau. Author of the → Sui shen bei ji fang 隨身備急方 and other books. Zhang Wenzhong fang 張文仲方 → Sui shen bei ji fang 隨身備急方 Zhang Xi 張裼 (814-877) Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Gongbiao 公表, a man of He jian 河 間 in present-day He bei 河北. Jin shi 844. Among other posts, he served as Advisor to the Heir Apparent (tai zi bin ke 太子賓客) and Vice Minister of Personnel (li bu shi lang 吏部侍郎). A disease affecting the heart of his son was recorded in the → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言. This was quoted in the → ZLBC, where his personal name is incorrectly given as Tang 湯, Yang 楊, etc., several times. LSZ follows this mistake when citing the story second hand in SE yi yu 衣魚, referring to Zhang as Zhang Tang 張湯 [1]. Zhang xiang gong 張相公, “Minister duke Zhang” [1] This is → Zhang Yong 張詠. In his → Jin xi xian wan biao 進狶薟丸表 he included the statement “Who could know that among the cheapest items there are some with a most unusual effect” (shei zhi zhi jian zhi zhong nai you shu chang zhi xiao 誰知至賤之中乃有殊常之效). Zhang Xiao 張小 Eastern Jin 晉 person accused of having poisoned → Jiang Shixian 蔣士先 with gu 蠱. LSZ takes over this story from the → Sou shen ji 搜神記 in SE rang he 蘘 荷, but erroneously calls him Zhang Xiaoxiao 張小小 [1] and Xiaoxiao 小小 [2]. Zhang Xiaobiao 章孝標 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty poet. Style name Daozheng 道正, a man of Tong lu 桐廬 (AV Qian tang 錢塘) in Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi 819. He held a post at the palace library and was the author of a Zhang Xiaobiao ji 章孝標集, “Collection of Zhang Xiaobiao.” LSZ cites two sentences from one of his poems in SE wa 蛙. Zhang Xiaoxiao 張小小 → Zhang Xiao 張小 Zhang Xie 張協 Western Jin 晉 official and poet. Style name Jingyang 景陽, a man of Wu yi 武 邑 in An ping 安平, now part of He bei 河北. Zhang held court and regional offices but retired from public life because of the political upheavals at the beginning of the yong jia 永嘉 reign period (307-312). He was known for his shi 詩 and fu 賦 poetry. The Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui,” records his 4 juan literary collection, the Zhang Xie ji 張 協集, “Collection of Zhang Xie,” now lost, and LSZ lists a Zhang Xie fu 張協 賦, “Rhapsody by Zhang Xie” [1] in his bibliography, but it is uncertain whether he is referring to the Zhang Xie ji or an individual poem. The ZLBC quotes a Du zhe fu 都蔗賦, “Rhapsody on Sugar Cane,” by Zhang, and LSZ cites Zhang’s

649 poem → Qi ming 七命 in his main text, referring to the author as Zhang Xie [1] and Zhang Jingyang 張景陽 [2]. A Zhang Jingyang ji 張景陽集, “Collection of Zhang Jingyang,” contained in the Han Wei liu chao bai san jia ji 漢魏六朝百三 家集, “Collection of 103 poets of Han, Wei, and the Six Dynasties,” was created during the late Ming 明 after LSZ’s lifetime. Zhang Xie fu 張協賦 → Zhang Xie 張協 Zhang xing bu Zigao 張刑部子臯, “Zhang Zigao of the Ministry of Justice” [1] This is Zhang Zigao 張子臯, an early Song 宋 official. Style name Shumo 叔謨, a man of Yuan ju 冤句 in Cao zhou 曹州, now in the northwest of Cao xian 曹 縣 in Shan dong 山東. He was a jin shi and held various central posts. According to the → Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義, he once suffered from a “lung obstruction-illness” (fei yong 肺癰) and was cured by a recipe passed on to him by Tian Kuang 田況 (→ Tian shu mi Kuang 田樞密況). Zhang yanshang 張延賞 (726-787) Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Original name Baofu 寶符, the name Yanshang 延 賞 was given to him by Emperor → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗. A man of Yi shi 猗氏 in Pu zhou 蒲州, now Lin yi 臨猗 in Shan xi 山西. He was widely learned in the classics and in history, and thoroughly understood political affairs. He served in various high positions such as Vice Censor-in-chief (yu shi zhong cheng 御史中丞). The Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) has his biography. According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方, he once summoned a physician to treat his judge → Zhang Jian 張薦, who had been bitten by a spider. LSZ cites this in SE lan 藍 and in SE zhi zhu 蜘蛛, referring to Zhang as Zhang Yanshang [2] and Zhang gong 張公, “Honorable Mr. Zhang,” [3]. In SE zhi zhu, however, he erroneously identifies Zhang Yanshang as having suffered from a spider bite himself. Zhang yi 張揖 [21] Lexicographer and commentator from the state of Wei 魏 during the early Three Kingdoms period. Style name Zhirang 稚讓, a man of Qing he 清河 (AV He jian 河間) in present-day He bei 河北. He was a court academician during the tai he 太和 reign period (227-232). Zhang produced a 1 juan annotated version of the biography of → Sima Xiangru 司馬相如 from the → Han shu 漢書 and was the author of the Pi cang 埤倉, “Increased Cang [jie],” the → Guang ya 廣雅, and the Gu jin zi gu 古今字詁, “Explanations of Ancient and Modern Characters.” Of these, only the Guang ya has survived. LSZ quotes that work and Zhang’s notes to the Han shu (→ Han shu zhu 漢書注). Zhang Yi zhu Han shu 張揖注漢書 → Han shu zhu 漢書注 Zhang yong 張詠 Name of a person who governed Yi zhou 益州 sometime during the period extending from Tang 唐 to Song 宋. The → ZLBC records a → Jin xi xian wan biao 進豨薟丸表 by → Zhang Yong 張詠. According to this stone tablet inscription, Zhang Yong found an excavated stele with descriptions of life cultivation techniques and two recipes with descriptions of a drug called “fire shovel”

650 (huo qian 火杴), that is, xi xian 豨薟. Zhang Yong used the drug on himself and others (among them a lackey called → Luo Shouyi 羅守一 and the Buddhist monk → Zhiyan 智嚴) with considerable success. Upon this he dispatched a minor official called → Shi Yuan 史元 to present a memorial about the recipe to the emperor. LSZ refers to Zhang as Zhang Yong [2] and Zhang xiang gong 張相公 [1]. Zhang yuansu 張元素 (late 12th, early 13th centuries) Jin 金 dynasty medical expert. Style name Jiegu 潔古, a man of Yi zhou 易州, now Yi xian 易縣 in He bei 河北. After failing the imperial examinations Zhang turned to medicine instead and is said to have submerged himself into the teachings of the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問. After realizing that “old recipes are not suitable for the treatment of new diseases,” he developed his own medical doctrine. He was the author of the → Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊 and the → Jiegu jia zhen 潔古家珍, and is attributed the → Yi xue qi yuan 醫學啟源 and other medical works. LSZ claims that the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保 命集 (which he equates with the → Huo fa ji yao 活法機要) is a work of Zhang’s as well, and that it was later attributed to → Liu Wansu 劉完素. He also states that many later authors wrote their own works in Zhang’s name, this explaining the heterogenous nature of texts attributed to Jiegu. Modern scholarship, however, has identified the Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji and the Huo fa ji yao as two different texts, the former indeed a work of Liu Wansu and the latter of → Li Gao 李杲. LSZ holds Zhang in high esteem, referring to him as Zhang Yuansu [26], → Yuansu 元素 [209], Zhang Jiegu 張潔古 [11], Jiegu [45], Yi lao 易老, “Old Man of Yi,” [2], and as Zhang shi 張氏, “Mr. Zhang,” [10], once specifying this designation with Zhang’s native place Yi shui 易水 [1]. Zhang yuxi 掌禹錫 (990-1060) Northern Song 宋 expert in geography and pharmaceutics. Style name Tangqing 唐卿, a man of Yan cheng 宴城 in Xu zhou 許州, now part of He nan 河南. He held court positions and was in charge of the compilation of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 and participated in the compilation of the Huang you fang yu tu zhi 皇祐方域圖志, “Records and Maps of the Regions of the Empire during the Huang you Reign Period,” and other works. LSZ refers to him as Zhang Yuxi [26] and as Yuxi 禹錫 [104]. Zhang Zhan 張湛 [1] Eastern Jin 晉 scholar, fl. 4th century. Style name Chudu 處度, a man of Gao ping 高平 in present-day Shan dong 山東. He held some court posts and was the author of a Lie zi zhu 列子注, “Notes to the Lie zi,” which is the annotated edition of the → Lie zi 列子  LSZ used in the BCGM. He is also attributed two lost books on life cultivation, the Yang sheng yao ji 養生要集, “Collection of Essentials for Nurturing Life,” and the → Yan nian mi lu 延年秘錄, though the authorship of the latter is uncertain. Zhang Zhihe 張知閤 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. The medical official → Sun Lin 孫琳 once cured him of long-lasting malaria. LSZ cites this in SE chai hu 柴胡.

651 Zhang Zhihe 張志和 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty recluse and famous Daoist master, originally called Zhang Guiling 張龜齡. Style name Zitong 子同, literary name Yanpo diaotu 煙波釣 徒, “Fisherman on the Misty Waves,” Xuanzhen zi 玄眞子, “Perfected Master of the Mysterious.” A man of Jin hua 金華 in Wu zhou 婺州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. During the reign of → Tang Su zong 唐肅宗 (r. 756-762) he passed the imperial exams with distinction and was invited to join the Han lin 翰林 Academy. Later, however, he was demoted and began an itinerant life. The Xin Tang shu 新唐書, “New History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) has his biography. He was the author of a book titled Xuanzhen zi in 1 juan. He enjoyed creating fisherman’s songs, and one of them includes a sentence on the mandarin fish. LSZ reports Zhang’s fondness for this fish in SE gui yu 鱖魚. Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 This is the style name of Zhang Ji 張機, the famous Eastern Han 漢 medical theorist, fl. late 2nd century. A man of Nan yang 南陽 in present-day He nan 河 南. Among other offices he served as the governor (tai shou 太守) of Chang sha 長沙. Zhang wrote the Shang han za bing lun 傷寒雜病論, “Discourse on Harm Caused by Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases,” originally in 16 juan but lost in its original form. His writings were edited and printed during the Northern Song 宋 and the result were three separate books, the → Shang han lun 傷寒論  in 10 juan, the → Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略 in 3 juan, and the → Jin kui yu han fang 金匱玉函方 in 8 juan. LSZ uses all these, but when citing Zhang’s name alone, he does not distinguish which text he is using. He refers to Zhang as Zhang Zhongjing [162], as Zhongjing 仲景 [91], as Zhang Ji [4], as Zhang shi 張氏, “Mr. Zhang,” [1], or simply as Zhang 張 [1]. Zhang Zhongjing fang 張仲景方 → Shang han lun 傷寒論  Zhang Zhou 張周 → Zhang Zhoufeng 張周封 Zhang Zhoufeng 張周封 Tang 唐 dynasty official, fl. 1st half of the 9th century. Style name Ziwang 子望. He held posts in the central government and was the author of the Hua yang feng su lu 華陽風俗錄, “Record of Habits and Customs in Hua yang.” The → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 mentions his name, and LSZ takes this over in SE yi yu 衣魚 but omits the character feng 封, thus rendering his name Zhang Zhou 張周 [1]. Zhang Zhu 張柱 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. A man of Chang li 昌黎, now Shan dong 山東. He received the itinerant monk → Wu Ruxiang 武如香 as his guest and perished together with his entire family as a result of an evil manipulation by the monk. LSZ relates this story in detail in SE dang lang 莨菪. Zhang Zhuo 張鷟 (fl. c. 713-755) [4] Tang 唐 dynasty official. A man of Rao yang 饒陽 in the northwest of present-day Heng shui 衡水 in He bei 河北, literary name Fuxiu zi 浮休子, “Master

652 of Floating and Resting.” He held a court office and was the author of the → Chao ye xian zai 朝野僉載. Zhang Zifa 張子發 [1] Southern Song 宋 medical scholar. When → Xu Shuwei 許叔微 spent time in Xin an 新安 in 1138, Zheng Zifa presented him with a “powder with two unprocessed [ingredients]” (er sheng san 二生散). LSZ cites this in SE fu zi 附子. Zhang Zihe 張子和 → Zhang Congzheng 張從正 Zhang Zihe fang 張子和方 → Ru men shi qin 儒門事親 Zhang Ziren 張子仁 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 lists a recipe of his to cure “mouse fistula” (shu lou 鼠瘻), and LSZ takes this over in SE zuo mu 柞木. Zhang Zisheng 張子聲 [1] Name of an immortal said to have obtained longevity and to have produced many sons by ingesting wine with wu jia 五加. LSZ, following the → ZLBC, cites this story from an assumed → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮 石經. Zhang Zitong 張子通 [1] Northern Song 宋 official, a relative of → Shen Gua 沈括. According to the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, his wife ingested qiong xiong 芎藭 for an extended period of time, but instead of being cured from her disease she suddenly died. Zhangfang 長房 → Fei Zhangfang 費長房 Zhao Bigong 趙辟公 [1] Northern Song 宋 author of the lost → Za lu 雜錄 . Details about his life are unavailable. Zhao Cai 趙蔡 → Zhao Kui 趙葵 Zhao dai zhi Ting 趙待制霆 → Zhao Ting 趙霆 Zhao di 昭帝 → Han Zhao di 漢昭帝 Zhao E 趙鄂 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty horse veterinarian, fl. 9th century. A man of Fu zhou 鄜州. The → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言 relates the story of a courtier who suffered from a wind illness that was declared incurable by the renowned physician → Liang Xin 梁新. Zhao E then advised the patient to ingest pears, and he was cured. LSZ cites this in SE li 梨, but erroneously writes Zan zhou 贊州 instead of Fu zhou. Zhao Guze 趙古則 (1352-1395) Ming 明 dynasty lexicographer. Style name Huiqian 撝謙, later he called himself simply Qian 謙. A man of Yu yao 余姚 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江. Wellversed in the six classics and the various philosophical schools, he was especially interested in the six categories of characters (liu shu 六書). Zhao was summoned to court in 1379 in order to take part in the revision of the → Hong wu zheng yun 洪武正韻 and shortly after that received a post at the Imperial Academy (guo zi

653 jian 國子監). He was the author of the → Liu shu ben yi 六書本義, quoted by LSZ, and the Sheng yin wen zi tong 聲音文字通, “Comprehensive [Treatise] on Phonology and Writing,” and has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming.” LSZ refers to Zhao as Zhao Guze [1] and in his main text erroneously as Zhao Minze 趙民則 [1]. Zhao Jianzi 趙簡子 (5th century BCE) [1] This is the posthumous title of Zhao Yang 趙鞅, a late Spring and Autumn period person, minister of the state of Jin 晉. Having defeated the Fan 范 and Zhong xing 中行 clans during the fifth century BCE, he laid the foundations for a Zhao 趙 state. According to the → Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋, he once killed a mule to rescue → Yangcheng Kenqu 陽城胥渠. LSZ cites this in SE luo 騾. Zhao Jin 趙溍 [4] Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Fujin 符晉. Literary name Bingkun 冰壼, “Ice Corridor.” He held various local posts during the jing ding 景定 and xian chun 咸淳 reign periods (1260-1274) and was the author of the → Yang ke man bi 養疴漫筆. Zhao Jizong 趙繼宗 Ming 明 dynasty official and medical writer. Style name Jingzhai 敬齋, a man of Ci xi 慈溪, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi 1490. He held various appointments, mostly local, and practiced medicine as a hobby. After his retirement he took it up full time. Zhao was the author of various books, including the → Ru yi jing yao 儒醫精要, which contained a great deal of novel material and much that his contemporaries found objectionable. LSZ refers to him as Zhao Jizong [3] and Zhao shi 趙氏, “Mr. Zhao,” [1]. Zhao Junyou 趙君猷 [1] Southern Song 宋 person, fl. during the reigns of → Song Xiao zong 宋孝宗 (1162-1189) and → Song Guang zong 宋光宗 (1189-1194). The → Pu ji fang 普濟 方 lists a recipe transmitted by him. LSZ, in SE yi yi 薏苡, cites the → Ji sheng fang 濟生方 as saying: “Zhao Junyou said: ‘frequent use is effective.’” However, in present-day editions of the Ji sheng fang no such statement can be found, so it can be assumed that the title Ji sheng fang is a slip of the pen for Pu ji fang. Zhao Kui 趙葵 (1186-1266) Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Nanzhong 南仲, a man of Heng shan 衡 山 in Tan zhou 潭州, now part of Hu nan 湖南. Zhao was the author of the → Xing ying za lu 行營雜錄, erroneously cited by LSZ in his bibliographical sections as Xing ying za ji 行營雜記, “Miscellaneous Records of a Moving Camp,” by Zhao Cai 趙蔡 [1]. In the main text, Zhao is referred to correctly as Zhao Kui [1]. Zhao Minze 趙民則 → Zhao Guze 趙古則 Zhao Qing 趙卿 Tang 唐 dynasty physician. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言, he used vinegar to cure burns and cases of

654 hypochondria. LSZ cites this in SE cu 醋, referring to him as Zhao Qing [1] and as Qing 卿 [1]. Zhao Qu 趙瞿 Jin 晉 dynasty person. A man of Shang dang 上黨 in present-day Shan xi 山西. According to the inner chapters of the → Baopu zi 抱朴子 , he suffered from leprosy and was abandoned on a mountain. There an immortal advised him to ingest pine resin, and he was cured. Later he turned into an immortal himself. LSZ cites this story in SE song 鬆, referring to Zhao as Zhao Qu [1] and as Qu 瞿 [4]. Zhao Quan 趙泉 [1] Famous Jin 晉 dynasty physician. He is said to have been highly skilled in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, especially malaria. LSZ takes over his name from another source. Zhao shang shu 趙尚書, “Minister Zhao” [1] This is Zhao Ruji 趙汝暨, a Southern Song 宋 high official. A man of Xin jian 新建, now Nan chang 南昌 in Jiang xi 江西. From 1253 on, he held a surveillance post in Qing yuan 慶元 prefecture, and in 1266 he rose to be Minister of Justice (xing bu shang shu 刑部尚書) and Minister of Public Works (gong bu shang shu 工部尚書). According to the → Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方, his mother once suffered from piles with fevers, swelling, and pain. An external application of a mixture of kuo yu 蛞蝓 and ink brought the cure. Zhao shi 趙氏, “Mr. Zhao”  [1] In connection with the → Ru yi jing yao 儒醫精要, this is → Zhao Jizong 趙繼宗.  [6] →Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真, regarded by LSZ as the author of the → Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方 and the → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方. Zhao shi fang 趙氏方, “recipes of Mr. Zhao”  [1] → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方

 [2] → Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方 Zhao shi jing yan 趙氏經驗 → Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方 Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方, “Tried and Proven recipes of Mr. Zhao” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. LSZ constantly confuses → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真, → Liu Changchun 劉長春, and → Shao Yizheng 邵 以正 and occasionally assigns the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  by Shao to both other authors. Most probably this Zhao shi jing yan fang and the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  of Liu Changchun, both listed in the bibliographical sections of the BCGM, are identical with Shao Yizheng’s work. LSZ cites the book as Zhao shi jing yan fang [3], as Zhao shi jing yan 趙氏經驗, “Tried and Proven by Mr. Zhao,” [1], and as Zhao shi fang 趙氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Zhao,” [2]. Additionally, the actual work of Shao Yizheng is cited under various other names in the main text, but Shao’s collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂 (which contains the Jing

655 yan fang) is the only book by Shao himself that is mentioned in LSZ’s bibliography. Zhao Shiyan 趙士衍 → Zhao Shiyu 趙士紆 Zhao Shiyu 趙士紆 Northern Song official and imperial clansman, fl. early 12th century. He held a military office and was the author of the → Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九籥衛生方. LSZ refers to him mistakenly as Zhao Shiyan 趙士衍 [1]. Zhao Shuwen 趙叔文 [1] This is the style name of Zhao Jifu 趙季敷, a Ming dynasty medical writer, who lived around the zheng tong 正統 reign period (1436-1449). A man of Wu jun 吳 郡, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. Author of the → Jiu ji yi fang 救急易方. Zhao Shuwen yi fang 趙叔文醫方 → Jiu ji yi fang 救急易方 Zhao Sizhen 趙嗣真 [3] Yuan 元 dynasty physician. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of the Huo ren shi yi 活人釋疑, “Explaining Doubtful Points about Saving People’s Lives,” a lost book that elucidated the key points of the → Shang han lun 傷寒論 . Zhao’s theories are found in the → Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義 of → Liu Chun 劉 純. LSZ cites Zhao’s theories from that source and also includes a → Shang han lun 傷寒論  of Zhao Sizhen in his bibliographical sections, which is probably an error for the Huo ren shi yi. Zhao tai wei 趙太尉, “defender-in-chief Zhao” [1] Song 宋 dynasty prince of the imperial clan. Personal name unknown. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, a wet nurse in his household suffered from “festering [eyelid] rim and wind eye” (lan xian feng yan 爛弦風眼) but was cured with the leaves of fu pen zi 覆盆子. Zhao Ting 趙霆 Late Northern Song 宋 official. During the da guan 大觀 reign period (11071110) he served as Commissioner of Waterways (du shui shi zhe 都水使者) and Vice Director of the Ministry of Works (gong bu yuan wai lang 工部員外郎) and was responsible for irrigation. According to the → Song shi 宋史, Zhao Ting [1] once obtained a turtle with two heads. The → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編 reports the application yan hu suo 延胡索 to cure muscular spasms resulting from excessive gymnastic exercise by one Zhao dai zhi Ting 趙待制霆, “Edict Attendant Zhao Ting,” [1], but whether this is the same person as the da guan period Commissioner of Waterways is uncertain. LSZ takes both storys over. Zhao Tuo 趙佗 Western Han 漢 military high official. A man of Zhen ding 真定, now Zheng ding 正定 in He bei 河北. He took advantage of the rebellion against Qin 秦 to seize Gui lin 桂林 commandery and make himself a king. At the beginning of the Han dynasty he was enfeoffed as Nan yue wang 南粵王 (AV Nan yue wang 南越王), “King of Nan yue,” r. 203-137 BCE. Events of his life are found in his biography in the → Han shu 漢書, but LSZ erroneously cites this material as from the → Lu Jia zhuan 陸賈傳, referring to Zhao as Wei Tuo 尉佗, “Com-

656 mandant Wei,” [1]. He also draws on the → Xi jing za ji 西京雜記 for a story about the Nan yue wang 南粵王 [1] and cites material second hand from the → TJBC, referring to Zhao as Zhao Tuo [3] and Nan yue wang 南越王 [1]. References to a → Yue wang 越王  [3] are also to Zhao Tuo. Zhao Wangyuan 趙王囦 → Zhao Yuyuan 趙玉囦 Zhao Wuling wang 趙武靈王 (died 295 BCE) [1] This is King Wuling 武靈 of the state of Zhao 趙 during the Warring States period, r. 325-299 BCE. In the 19th year of his reign, in 307 BCE, he initiated a military reform to have his horsemen and archers wear clothing of the Hu 胡 tribes, the “Northern Barbarians.” LSZ, in SE pi xue 皮鞾, identifies the xue 鞾 footwear as originating from the Hu people, stating that King Wuling liked to wear short boots. Zhao Xihu 趙希鵠 [1] Southern Song 宋 person, a member of the imperial clan. Resided in Yuan zhou 袁州. Author of the → Dong tian qing lu 洞天清錄. Zhao Xuan 趙宣 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty person. A man of Chang shan 常山 in the northeast of present-day Shi jia zhuang 石家莊 in He bei 河北. According to the → Yi yuan 異 苑, his mother fell pregnant, but the child was born from a lesion in her thigh. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Zhao yin 趙尹, “Supervisor Zhao” [1] Southern Song 宋 official, personal name unknown. Supervisor of a public pharmacy, the “Bureau to Benefit the People” (hui min ju 惠民局). He cured a servant girl called → Hua Cui 花翠 and other people with pills made of cang zhu 蒼术. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 术. Zhao yizhen 趙宜真 (died 1382) Yuan 元, early Ming 明 period Daoist. Literary name Yuanyang zi 原陽子, “Master of Yuan yang,” therefore called Zhao Yuanyang 趙原陽. A man of Jun yi 浚儀, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南. In his later years he lived at Zi yang guan 紫陽觀 temple located in Yu du 雩都 in Jiang xi 江西 and became known as Zhao zhenren 趙真人, “Zhao the Perfected One.” Zhao had an interest in medicine from his youth and collected old recipe books including the Wai ke ji yan fang 外科集驗方, “Collected Proven Recipes for the Discipline [Concerned with] External [Diseases and Treatments],” (→ Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳) of → Yang Qingsou 楊清叟. These and other similar books were later passed on by Zhao to his disciple → Liu Changchun 劉長春, who in turn passed them on to → Shao Yizheng 邵以正. Shao then produced the collection → Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂 from the transmitted works. LSZ regarded Zhao as the author of the → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方 in the Qing nang za zuan and also erroneously associated Zhao with the Mi chuan jing yan fang 秘傳經驗方, “Secretly Transmitted Tried and Proven Recipes,” by Shao Yizhen (→ Jing yan fang 經驗方 ) in the same collection, calling it → Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方. He refers to Zhao as Zhao Yizhen [2], as Zhao

657 zhenren [4], as Zhao Yuanyang 趙原陽 [4], as Zhao Yuanyang zhenren 趙原陽 真人, “Zhao Yuanyang the Perfected One,” [1], and within book titles as Zhao shi 趙氏, “Mr. Zhao,” [6]. Zhao Yong’an fang 趙永庵方, “recipes of Zhao yong’an” Source of medical recipes, probably not a book. Details about a Ming 明 or preMing person called Zhao Yong’an are unavailable. LSZ cites a recipe associated with him in SE ren shen 人參. Zhao yuanyang 趙原陽 → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真 Zhao yuanyang zhenren 趙原陽真人 → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真 Zhao yushi 趙與峕 [1] Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Xingzhi 行之, Dexing 德行. A man of Da liang 大梁, now Kai feng 開封 in He nan 河南, jin shi during the bao qing 寶慶 reign period (1225-1227). He held a local post and was the author of the → Bin tui lu 賓退錄 and other books. Zhao yuyuan 趙玉囦 Yuan 元 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方 lists a recipe of his to cure “gullet occlusion and turned over stomach” (ye ge fan wei 噎膈翻胃). LSZ cites this in SE ren shi 人屎 but erroneously writes Zhao’s name Zhao Wangyuan 趙王囦 [1]. Modern editions of the BCGM render his name Zhao Yuyuan 趙玉淵. Zhao yuyuan 趙玉淵 → Zhao Yuyuan 趙玉囦 Zhao zhenren 趙真人 → Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真 Zhao zhenren fang 趙真人方 → Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方 Zhao zhi fu 趙知府, “Prefect Zhao” [1] Late Song 宋 official. Personal name unknown. According to the → Dan liao fang 澹寮方, he ingested rehmannia root, processed aconite, and the “gold liquid elixir” (jin ye dan 金液丹) the way others drink tea or eat rice. He reached the age of 90 years. The story is quoted in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, and LSZ cites it second hand in SE fu zi 附子 but erroneously gives the → Yi shuo 醫説 as his source. Zhao Zishan 趙子山 [1] Song 宋 dynasty person. Style name Jinggao 景高. Once resided in Shao wu 邵 武 at the Jun tian wang si 軍天王寺 monastery. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, he suffered from a tapeworm and was cured after accidentally having drunk water from a big jar filled with hong teng 紅藤 used by the monks to weave sandals. LSZ cites this in SE sheng teng 省藤. Zhaoliang 昭亮 This is Shu Zhaoliang 舒昭亮, a Song 宋 dynasty official. According to the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, he once rubbed his teeth with ku shen 苦參 to cure his toothache, and experienced a feeling of heaviness in his lower back as a result. The incident is quoted by LSZ, who refers to Shu only by his personal name.

658 Zhe zhi 浙志, “Zhe jiang Gazetteer” [1] Title of a book. Not listed in any ancient or recent bibliography. LSZ identifies the alternative name jiang yu 江魚 for shi shou yu 石首魚 as originating from a Zhe zhi, but his source is uncertain. The Xi hu you lan zhi yu 西湖遊覽志餘, “Extra Records Taken Travelling at West Lake,” (→ Xi hu zhi 西湖志) writes: “The inhabitants of Hang zhou highly value jiang yu. This fish has two white stones at the head. Another name is [therefore] ‘stone head fish’ (shi shou yu).” This may have been the source LSZ relied on. Zhe zong 哲宗 → Song Zhe zong 宋哲宗 Zhen 珍 → Li Shizhen 李時珍 Zhen dou fang 疹痘方, “recipes for [the Treatment of ] Smallpox Papules” [1] Medical recipe book. EE BCGM. Not listed in any ancient or more recent bibliographical source. In SE qian dan 鉛丹, LSZ cites a recipe from a Zhen dou fang to treat visual obstruction resulting from “smallpox papules” (dou zhen 痘疹), but his source remains uncertain. Zhen gao 真誥, “declarations of the Perfected” [4] Liang 梁 dynasty Daoist book, one of the main texts of Shang qing 上清 Daoism. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景. 20 juan. The book holds Daoist hagiographies, information on self-cultivation practices and on places important to Daoists. The entire book is preserved in the Dong xuan 洞 玄, “Cavern of Mystery,” section of the Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經), while the → Lei shuo 類説 includes an abbreviated version. LSZ seems to quote the Zhen gao only from the abridged Lei shuo edition. References to a → Dao shu 道書 by Tao Hongjing may also be to this book. Zhen jing 針經 → Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Zhen la ji 真腊記, “records of Zhen la” [6] Abbreviation for the Zhen la feng tu ji 真腊風土記, “Records of Customs and Geographical Surroundings of Zhen la,” a Yuan 元 dynasty geographical text. FE Xu wen xian tong kao 續文獻通考, “Sequel to the Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documentary Sources.” Written by → Zhou Daguan 周達觀. DC a few years after 1297. 1 juan. The book provides information on the local conditions and customs of what the Chinese called Zhen la 真腊, the Khmer empire in present-day Cambodia. LSZ cites the text in connection with pharmaceutical drugs from the area. Zhen la shi zhe 真臘使者, “Envoy from Zhen la” [1] Tang 唐 period envoy from the Cambodia area. In its discussion of the origins of zi kuang 紫𨥥, the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 mentions “an envoy from the empire of Zhen la, commandant of Zhe chong 折衝, the Buddhist monk Shishanibatuo 施沙尼拔陁.” Hence the name of the envoy was apparently Shishanibatuo. LSZ cites this in his main text but simply refers to an “envoy from Zhen la.”

659 Zhen Liyan 甄立言 [4] Tang 唐 dynasty official and medical expert, the younger brother of → Zhen Quan 甄權. A man of Fu gou 扶溝 in Xu zhou 許州, now part of He nan 河南. Zhen Quan’s biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) refers to Liyan’s medical studies with his elder brother. He held a high court post during the wu de 武德 reign period (618-626) and was the author of the → Ben cao yin yi 本草音義  and the → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今 錄驗方. Some also attribute a Ben cao yao xing 本草藥性, “Materia Medica on the Properties of Pharmaceuticals,” in 3 juan to him (→ Yao xing ben cao 藥性本 草). All these books are now lost and are sometimes associated with Zhen Quan instead of his brother. LSZ cites material from the Gu jin lu yan fang, although he erroneously attributes this text to → Chu Yushi 初虞世. He also cites a story from the Jiu Tang shu second hand from the → ZLBC about Zhen curing someone of gu 蠱 poisoning. Zhen Liyan ben cao 甄立言本草 → Ben cao yin yi 本草音義  Zhen Quan 甄權 (541-643) Tang 唐 dynasty medical expert. A man of Fu gou 扶溝 in Xu zhou 許州, now part of He nan 河南. He has a biography in the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), which states that due to an illness of their mother Zhen Quan and his younger brother → Zhen Liyan 甄立言 took up medical studies. He held a literary post at the beginning of the Sui 隋 dynasty, but in the last year of his life the family was shown special favor by → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗, and Zhen received a court appointment. Zhen wrote two books, both apparently lost, a → Mai jing 脈經  and the → Ming tang ren xing tu 明 堂人形圖. Some also consider him the author of the → Ben cao yin yi 本草音 義 , the → Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方, and a Ben cao yao xing 本草藥性, “Materia Medica on the Properties of Pharmaceuticals,” but these works are also attributed to Zhen’s brother Zhen Liyan. LSZ firmly believed that the Ben cao yao xing (which he reverses to read → Yao xing ben cao 藥性本草) was the → Yao xing lun 藥性論 quoted by the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草. All of the BCGM’s references to Zhen Quan [356], Quan 權 [195], Zhen shi 甄氏, “Mr. Zhen,” [3], the Yao xing lun, or the Yao xing ben cao are taken from the Jia you ben cao. Zhen Quan ben cao 甄權本草→ Yao xing ben cao 藥性本草 Zhen Quan yao xing 甄權藥性 → Yao xing ben cao 藥性本草 Zhen shi 甄氏 → Zhen Quan 甄權 Zhen Wu 真武 [1] This is Xuan Wu 玄武, a spirit in the ancient mythology of northern China. During the Song 宋, his name was changed to Zhenwu due to a naming taboo. He is also known as Zhen Wu dadi 真武大帝. LSZ relates the story of how Zhenwu broke a twig off a plum tree and grafted it onto a lang 榔 tree, and this was the creation of the lang mei 榔梅 fruit. This legend originates from the → Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志.

660 Zhen Xishan 真西山 (1178-1235) [2] This is the nickname of Zhen Dexiu 真德秀, a Southern Song high official and scholar. Style name Jingyuan 景元, later Jingxi 景希 (AV Xiyuan 希元), posthumous name Wenzhong 文忠, “Literary and Loyal.” He was called Xishan xiansheng 西山先生, “Gentleman of the Western Mountain,” thus his designation as Zhen Xishan. A man of Pu cheng 浦城 in Jian ning 建寧, now part of Fu jian 福建, jin shi 1199. Zhen was a disciple of Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子) and was equally famous to the great Confucian scholar Wei Liaoweng 魏了翁. He was initially pushed aside by opponents to hold various provincial posts outside the capital but eventually managed to become a member of the Han lin 翰林 Academy in 1234. The year after he was honored with the post of Participant in Determining Governmental Matters (can zhi zheng shi 參知政事). He wrote various books, and his literary collection is known as Zhen Wenzhong gong ji 真文忠公 集, “Collection of the Honorable Zhen Wenzhong.” LSZ cites his → Wei sheng ge 衛生歌, referring to Zhen by his nickname. Zhen yi zhuan 甄異傳, “Notes on discerning Extraordinary Things” [3] Lost Eastern Jin 晉 book of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Zhen yi ji 甄異記, “Records of Discerning Extraordinary Things,” Zhen yi lu 甄異錄, “Record Discerning Extraordinary Things.” Written by → Dai Zuo 戴祚. 3 juan. The title refers to manifestations of supernatural phenomena, and the text includes much Eastern Jin hearsay of ghosts and monstrous creatures. Fragments are found in the → Qi min yao shu 齊民要術, the → Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜, and other texts. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text second hand from books like the Qi min yao shu or the → Shuo fu 説郛. Zhen yuan guang li fang 貞元廣利方, “recipes of the Zhen yuan reign Period for Extensive Benefit” Medical recipe book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Zhen yuan ji yao guang li fang 貞 元集要廣利方, “The Zhen yuan Reign Period Collection of Important Recipes for Extensive Benefit.” Written under the aegis of emperor → Tang De zong 唐 德宗. DC 796. 5 juan. The text contained 586 recipes, but only 49 survive as fragments in the → ZLBC, from which LSZ takes his quotations. He refers to the book as Zhen yuan guang li fang [11], Guang li fang 廣利方, “Recipes for Extensive Benefit,” [38], or as Guang li 廣利, “Extensive Benefit,” [4]. Zhen zhong fang 枕中方, “recipes Kept in One’s Headrest”  [2] Lost, anonymous text on life cultivation. Cited in the → Cha jing 茶經. DC uncertain. It contains recipes to treat “scrofula pervasion-illness” (luo li 瘰 歷), which LSZ takes over in the main text of the BCGM.  [1] Part of the title of the → Xi wang mu zhen zhong fang 西王母枕中方 Zhen zhong ji 枕中記, “record Kept in One’s Headrest” Texts on life cultivation.

661  [5] Referred to Sun zhenren 孫真人, “Sun the Perfected One,” this is a text written by → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. FE Chong wen zong mu 崇文總目, “General Bibliography of the Imperial Archive.” The Dao zang 道藏, “Daoist Canon,” (→ Dao zang jing 道藏經) preserves the original text but does not attribute it to a Sun zhenren. The → ZLBC quotes five fragments, which LSZ takes over.

 [1] Written by → Ye tianshi 葉天師. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The original text is lost, but one fragment is preserved in the ZLBC. LSZ lists the book in his bibliography but does not use it in the main text. Zhen zhong su shu 枕中素書, “Basic Book Kept in One’s Headrest” [1] Lost book on life cultivation. FE Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書), biography of → Sun Simiao 孫思邈. Written by Sun Simiao. 1 juan. Zhen zhu nang 珍珠囊, “Pearl Bag”  [14] AN for the → Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊 of → Zhang Yuansu 張 元素.

 Part of the title of the → Dongyuan zhen zhu nang 東垣珍珠囊, but not used separately as an abbreviation. Zhen zong 真宗 → Song Zhen zong 宋真宗 Zhenbai xiansheng 貞白先生 → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Zheng bu lun 正部論, “discourse on the Legal division” Lost Eastern Han 漢 book. Compiled by → Wang Yi 王逸. Fragments are quoted in the Song 宋 → Shi lei fu 事類賦, where the title is incorrectly written Yu bu lun 玉部論. “Discourse on the Jade Division.” LSZ takes this error over, referring to the text as Yu lun 玉論, “Jade Discourse,” [1]. Zheng chuan 正傳 → Yi xue zheng chuan 醫學正傳 Zheng feng shi 鄭風詩 → Shi jing 詩經 Zheng fu ma 鄭駙馬, “Commandant-escort Zheng” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. The → Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方 states that his personal name was forgotten. However, textual comparison with the Jiu Tang shu 舊唐書, “Old History of the Tang,” (→ Tang shu 唐書) shows that this Commandant-escort Zheng may have been the Reminder of the Right (you shi yi 右 拾遺) Zheng Hao 鄭顥. In 850, upon his marriage to Princess Wan Shou 萬 壽, this Zheng Hao was awarded various official posts, including that of Commandant-escort (fu ma du wei 駙馬都尉). The Xu chuan xin fang reports that he modified a recipe by → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 for pills with qing mu xiang 青木香, and LSZ takes this over in SE mu xiang 木香. Zheng he ben cao 政和本草, “The Zheng he reign Period Materia Medica” [1] CMM, a re-edited edition of the → ZLBC. Full name Zheng he xin xiu jing shi zheng lei bei yong ben cao 政和新修經史證類備用本草, “The Zheng he Reign Period Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Practical Use, Newly Revised and Based on Classics and Histories.” In 1116, the sixth year of the zheng he 政和 reign period, → Cao Xiaozhong 曹孝忠 and others received imperial

662 orders to revise the → Da guan ben cao 大觀本草, thus the name. 30 juan. The book had only just been published at the Imperial Academy when it was carried off north by Jin 金 armies. As a consequence the text circulated widely in North China during the Jin and Yuan 元 dynasties, and the text remained popular in the Ming 明. This was the version of the ZLBC LSZ used for the compilation of the BCGM, although he refers back to the original text in his citations and only mentions the name Zheng he ben cao in the ZLBC entry in his bibliographical sections. Zheng Kangcheng 鄭康成 → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 Zheng lei 證類 → Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草 Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草, “Verified and Categorized Materia Medica” (ZLBC) CMM. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises.” AN Jing shi zheng lei bei ji ben cao 經史證類備急本草, “Verified and Categorized Materia Medica for Emergencies, Based on Classics and Histories.” Compiled by → Tang Shenwei 唐慎微. DC 1098-1108. 31 juan. The text combined the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 and the → TJBC, and drew additional material from medical texts such as the → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙 論, the → Tang ben cao 唐本草, the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺, or the → Shi liao ben cao 食療本草 as well as from non-medical texts that contained information on medicinals. The ZLBC holds more than 500 monographs on pharmaceutical drugs, including 8 newly added substances, recipes, and discussions. The text was repeatedly revised in the subsequent centuries to produce the → Da guan ben cao 大觀本草, the → Zheng he ben cao 政和本草, and the Shao xing ben cao 紹興本 草, “The Shao xing Reign Period Materia Medica.” It is noteworthy in particular because of its preservation of lost material from pre-Song times. LSZ praised the work for this and used it as a basis for the compilation of the BCGM. He refers to the work as Zheng lei ben cao [12], as Zheng lei 證類, “Verified and Categorized,” [25] as Song ben cao 宋本草, “Song Materia Medica,” [8], Jiu ben 舊本, “Old Book,” [29], and as Tang Shenwei ben cao 唐慎微本草, “Materia Medica of Tang Shenwei,” [7]. He also labels material from the text Tang Shenwei fang 唐 慎微方, “Recipe of Tang Shenwei,” [1] or with the name of the author alone, as Tang Shenwei [15] or Shenwei 慎微 [55]. One reference to a → Song ben 宋本 [1] is probably an erroneous reference to the ZLBC as well. Zheng Qian 鄭虔 (fl. c. 742-755) [2] Tang 唐 dynasty scholar. A man of Yong yang 滎陽 in Zheng zhou 鄭州, now part of He nan 河南. He wrote poems, books, and painted. Author of the → Hu ben cao 胡本草. Zheng Qiao 鄭樵 (1103-1162) Southern Song 宋 historiographer. Style name Yuzhong 漁仲, literary name Xixi yimin 溪西逸民, “Hermit of Xi xi,” also called Jiaji xiansheng 夾漈先生, “Gentleman of Jia ji,” by his disciples. A man of Pu tian 莆田 in Xing hua jun 興 化軍, now part of Fu jian 福建. He failed the imperial civil service examinations but excelled at his scholarship in various fields of knowledge such as history, ce-

663 lestial patterns (tian wen 天文), geography, botany, or zoology. In his old age he wrote the → Tong zhi 通志, summarizing the historical records of various dynasties to create a single book. The text holds 28 brief treatises (lüe 略) that include much information on worms/bugs, plants, and medicinals, thus LSZ’s interest. He refers to Zheng as Zheng Qiao [34] and as Zheng shi 鄭氏, “Mr. Zheng,” [1]. Zheng shi 鄭氏, “Mr. Zheng”  [1] In connection with the → Tong zhi 通志, this is → Zheng Qiao 鄭樵.  [5] Unidentifiable author of the → Zheng shi jia chuan fang 鄭氏家傳方

 [10] In connection with pediatric recipes, this is Zheng Duanyou 鄭端友, a Southern Song 宋 physician and author of the → Quan ying fang 全嬰方 (also called → Zheng shi xiao er fang 鄭氏小兒方 by LSZ). Some case studies included in the book indicate that Zheng must have lived during the 12th century. Further details about his life are unavailable.

 [1] In connection with the → Ming huang za lu 明皇雜錄, this is Zheng Chuhui 鄭處誨, a Tang 唐 official. Style name Yanmei 延美, a man of Xing yang 滎陽, now part of He nan 河南. He passed the jin shi examinations in 834 and held high court and provincial offices. Zheng shi 鄭詩 → Shi jing 詩經 Zheng shi fang 鄭氏方 → Quan ying fang 全嬰方 Zheng shi jia chuan 鄭氏家傳 → Zheng shi jia chuan fang 鄭氏家傳方 Zheng shi jia chuan fang 鄭氏家傳方, “recipes Transmitted by Mr. Zheng’s Family” Medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Written by an unidentifiable Zheng shi 鄭氏, “Mr. Zheng.” Further details are unavailable. LSZ cites the text as Zheng shi jia chuan fang [4] and as Zheng shi jia chuan 鄭氏家傳, “Transmitted by Mr. Zheng’s Family,” [1]. Note that references to a Zheng shi fang 鄭氏 方, “Recipes of Mr. Zheng,” are to another book, the → Zheng shi xiao er fang 鄭 氏小兒方 or rather → Quan ying fang 全嬰方. Zheng shi xiao er fang 鄭氏小兒方, “Mr. Zheng’s recipes for [the Treatment of ] Children” [6] Song 宋 dynasty pediatric text. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Quan ying fang lun 全嬰方論, “Discourse on Recipes for Healing Infants.” LSZ also calls the book → Quan ying fang 全嬰方 in his bibliographical sections and the main text, thus giving the work a double entry. See the Quan ying fang entry for further information. Zheng Shifu 鄭師甫 → Zheng Shifu fang 鄭師甫方 Zheng Shifu fang 鄭師甫方, “recipe of Zheng Shifu” Source of recipes. EE Wen jian hou lu 聞見後錄, “Later Records of Things Heard and Seen,” (→ Shao shi wen jian lu 邵氏聞見錄). Although this was probably not a book, LSZ lists the title Zheng Shifu fang [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites one recipe by the name of Zheng Shifu 鄭師甫 [1] in his main text.

664 Zheng, the person who transmitted the recipe, was apparently a Southern Song 宋 figure. Zheng Shiju 鄭時舉 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. A man of Xin hui 新會 in present-day Guang dong 廣東, provincial graduate (ju ren 舉人) in 1516. He served in Tai ning 泰寧 (now part of Fu jian 福建) during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). The → Jian bian fang 簡便方 lists a recipe transmitted by him, and LSZ takes this over in SE lü fan 綠礬. Zheng Shuxiong 鄭叔熊 [1] Northern Song 宋 physician. Details about his life are unavailable. According to the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談, he stated that long-term ingestion of qiong xiong 芎藭 will result in a sudden death for many people. Zheng Siyuan 鄭思遠 [1] Jin 晉 dynasty Daoist. Said to have been a teacher of → Ge Hong 葛洪 and to have enjoyed riding tigers. According to the → You yang za zu 酉陽雜組, he once plucked a tiger’s whiskers and used them to cure a person called Xu Yin 許 隱 of his toothache. LSZ cites this in SE hu 虎, writing Xu’s name → Xu Yuan 許遠. Zheng xiang guo 鄭相國, “Zheng, Minister of State” (752-829) [1] This is Zheng Yin 鄭絪, a Tang 唐 dynasty high official. Style name Wenming 文明, a man of Ying yang 滎陽 in present-day He nan 河南. During the reign of → Tang De zong 德宗 (r. 780-804), he served as Grand Councilor (zai xiang 宰 相). In 806, he was given a provincial post in Ling nan 嶺南 but was called back to the court several years later to serve as Minister of War (bing bu shang shu 兵 部尚書), Censor-in-chief (yu shi dai fu 御史大夫), and in other positions. In 812 he obtained a recipe with bu gu zhi 補骨脂 from → Li Mohe 李摩訶, captain on a vessel from He ling guo 訶陵國 (present-day Java or Sumatra). When its ingestion showed the expected effects, he transmitted the recipe to others. Zheng Xiao 鄭曉 (1499-1566) [2] Ming 明 dynasty high official and historiographer. Style name Zhifu 窒甫, a man of Hai yan 海鹽 in present-day Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1522. He was Minister of Personnel (li bu shang shu 吏部尚書) and Minister of War (bing bu shang shu 兵部尚書) and has a biography in the Ming shi 明史, “History of the Ming.” Author of the → Wu xue bian 吾學編 and many other works. Zheng Xie 鄭獬 [1] Northern Song 宋 high official. Style name Yifu 毅夫, a man of An lu 安陸, jin shi 1053. He became a scholar at the Han lin 翰林 Academy and held a court post in the capital of Kai feng 開封. LSZ refers to Zheng in a second hand citation of the → Jing yan fang 經驗方  taken from the ZLBC. Zheng xiong 鄭兄, “Elder Brother Zheng” [1] Yuan 元 dynasty person. A man of Pu jiang 浦江, now Jin hua 金華 city in Zhe jiang 浙江. When he was about 60 years old, he suffered from “yin deficiency and yang cut off ” (yin kui yang jue 陰虧陽絕). → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 used

665 a paste with da liao 大料 and ginseng to cure him. LSZ cites this case history in SE ren shen 人參 without naming his source, which is actually the → Ju fang fa hui 局方發揮. Zheng Xiquan 鄭西泉 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person. Details about his life are unavailable. The → Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 lists a recipe transmitted by him, and LSZ takes this over in SE chi jian 赤箭. Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 (127-200) Eastern Han 漢 Confucian scholar. Style name Kangcheng 康成, a man of Gao mi 高密 in Bei hai 北海, now part of Shan dong 山東. He studied new text (jin wen 今文) and old text (gu wen 古文) classics with experts like Zhang Gongzu 張恭祖 and Ma Rong 馬融, achieving profound scholarship. Although his learning was based on the old text classics, he integrated new text scriptures for his annotations of various Confucian texts. This synthesizing was called the Zheng School (Zheng xue 鄭學) or comprehensive school (tong xue 通學). His annotations to the → Mao shi 毛詩 and the three classical texts on rites (san li 三禮) are part of the currently available Shi san jing zhu shu 十三經注疏, “Annotations and Commentaries to the Thirteen Classics.” There are also annotations of his to the → Zhou yi 周易, the Lun yu 論語, “Analects,” the → Shang shu 尚 書, and some apocryphal books (→ Wei shu 緯書). LSZ cites his annotations to the → Li ji 禮記, the → Yue ling 月令 , and the → Zhou li 周禮, referring to Zheng as Zheng Xuan [18] and (in connection with the Zhou li) as Zheng Kangcheng 鄭康成 [4]. Zheng Xuan zhu 鄭玄注, “annotations of Zheng Xuan” Annotations by → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 to various classical texts. LSZ always mentions the title of the original work somewhere in the context to clarify which text he is citing from.  [2] → Zhou li 周禮, see also → Zhou li zhu shu 周禮注疏  [3] → Yue ling 月令 

 [2] → Li ji 禮記 Zheng Xunmei 鄭洵美 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person. A man of Ying yang 滎陽 in present-day He nan 河 南. In 817, → Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 suffered from “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣) and was about to die. He obtained a decoction with sha mu 杉木 from Zheng Xunmei and was cured. This story is recorded in the TJBC, and LSZ takes it over in SE sha 杉. Zheng yanshan 鄭岩山 [1] Ming 明 dynasty official. Details about his life are unavailable. LSZ cites a recipe associated with him in SE he shou wu 何首烏. Zheng yao 正要 → Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正要 Zheng yi 正義 → Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義

666 Zheng yu 鄭魚 [1] Name of an immortal. The → Chang pu zhuan 菖蒲傳 states that he ingested acorus to attain the Dao, and LSZ takes this over in SE chang pu 菖蒲. Zheng zhi 證治 → Zheng zhi ben cao 證治本草 Zheng zhi ben cao 證治本草, “Materia Medica for the Treatment of disease Signs” Ming 明 dynasty book on pharmaceutical substances and medical theory. See bibliography of the BCGM. AN Zheng zhi 證治, “Treatment of Disease Signs.” Written by → Lu Zhizhu 陸之柷. Printed 1571. 14 juan. Juan 1 is an introduction to the theoretical foundations of medicine with citations from the → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問, the → Ling shu jing 靈樞經, and various philosophical works. The following 10 juan cite previous works of materia medica, along with the author’s explanations to each pharmaceutical substance and associated recipes. The last 3 juan deal with properties and interactions of pharmaceutical substances. LSZ, incorrectly attributing the work to Zhu shi 祝氏, “Mr. Zhu,” cites the work as Zheng zhi ben cao [1] in his bibliography and as Zheng zhi [1] in the introductory Fan li 凡例, “Reader’s Guide,” section. He does not use any material from it in his main text. Zheng zhi fa ming 證治發明 → Fa ming zheng zhi 發明證治 Zheng zhi yao jue 證治要訣, “Essential Instructions for the Treatment of disease Signs” Ming 明 dynasty comprehensive clinical text. FE Dan sheng tang shu mu 澹生 堂書目, “Catalogue of Dan sheng Hall.” AN Mi chuan zheng zhi yao jue 秘傳證 治要訣, “Secretly Transmitted Essential Instructions for the Treatment of Disease Signs.” Written by → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮. DC late 14th century. 12 juan. The work is based upon the teachings of → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 but adds the experiences of various other authors and Dai Yuanli’s personal opinions. It contains material on various medical specializations such as internal and external medicine, gynecology, or the five sensory organs and is organized according to disease. Each chapter lists symptoms, elaborates disease causes, and recommends appropriate treatments. LSZ cites the book as Zheng zhi yao jue [30], as Yao jue 要訣, “Essential Instructions,” [6], as Dai Yuanli fang 戴原禮方, “Recipes of Dai Yuanli,” [2], or referring to the name of the author alone as Dai Yuanli [8] or Dai yuan shi 戴院使, “Office Commissioner Dai” [1]. Zheng zhong cheng 鄭中丞, “Vice Censor-in Chief Zheng” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. A man of Yue’e 岳鄂, now Wu chang 武昌 in He bei 湖北. According to the → Chuan xin fang 傳信方 he once suffered from a violent wind stroke. His nephew → Lu shi 盧氏 resorted to niu bang 牛蒡 to cure him. LSZ cites this in SE e shi 惡實. Zheng zong 正宗 → Dou zhen guan jian 痘疹管見 Zheng Zongwen 鄭宗文 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty expert in obstetrics, fl. 8th to 9th century. According to the → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方, he cured many patients by means of a recipe he

667 had excerpted from the → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 of → Chen Cangqi 陳藏器. LSZ cites this in SE zhi mu 知母. Zhenheng 震亨 → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 Zhenren 真人, “Perfected One” [6] Designation for a Daoist sage, a person who has attained the Dao by self-cultivation. Also a general reference to a person that has attained immortality. Zhenren mentioned in the BCGM include Sun zhenren 孫真人 (→ Sun Simiao 孫 思邈 or → Sun Tianren 孫天仁), Wu Meng zhenren 吳猛真人 (→ Wu Meng 吳猛), Zhang zhenren 張真人 (→ Zhang Sanfeng 張三丰), Zhao zhenren 趙 真人 (→ Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真), Shao zhenren 邵真人 (→ Shao Yizheng 邵以 正), → Lin Lingsu 林靈素, Baolin zhenren 寶林真人 (→ Gu Boyang 穀伯陽), → Xing Hepu zhenren 邢和璞真人, Xi yu zhenren 西域真人 (→ Wang Chang 王常), the → San huang zhenren 三皇真人, the → Taiji zhenren 太極真人, and the → Ziting zhenren 紫庭真人. Texts attributed to perfected men are the → Zhu zhenren ling yan pian 朱真人靈驗篇 and the → Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經. Zhi 志 → Ma Zhi 馬志 Zhi bao fang 至寶方 → Yan ling zhi bao fang 延齡至寶方 Zhi cao tu 芝草圖, “Illustrations of Zhi Herbs” [1] Lost, anonymous book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” 1 juan. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, in his Ben cao jing ji zhu 本草經集注, “Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica,” (→ MYBL) of 500 CE quotes this title, so the text was apparently compiled during the fifth century or before. LSZ cites it in SE zhi 芝. Zhi du lun 止妒論, “discourse on Suppressing Jealousy” [1] Discourse by → Yang Kui 楊夔, originally called Zhi du 止妒, “Suppressing Jealousy,” and preserved in the → Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華. Zhi Facun 支法存 Jin 晉 dynasty monk. A man of Ling biao 岭表, today the area south of Wu ling 五岭. Author of a lost Shen su fang 申蘇方, “Recipes for Revival.” He is said to have cured an important literatus from “leg qi” (jiao qi 腳氣) during the yong jia 永嘉 reign period (307-313). LSZ identifies him as → Zhi tai yi 支太醫 [7], author of the → Zhi tai yi fang 支太醫方. Therefore his reference to a Tai yi Zhi Facun fang 太醫支法存方, “Recipe of the Palace Physician Zhi Facun,” [1] is actually to the Zhi tai yi fang. Zhi fu cao shi lun 制伏草石論, “discourse on restraining Herbs and Stones” [1] Lost alchemical book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Fu zhi cao shi lun 伏制草石論, “Discourse on Restraining Herbs and Stones.” LSZ follows the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi in attributing the text to Yan Feng 晏封 (→ Qian ning Yan xiansheng 乾寧晏先生). DC presumably 5th century. 6 juan. LSZ refers to the book in the → Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論 entry in his bibliographical sections but does not cite any material from it in the main text.

668 Zhi guai 志怪, “records of Supernatural Things” [2] Lost Eastern Jin 晉 book of tales of the strange (zhi guai xiao shuo 志怪小説). FE → Jin shu 晉書, biography of → Zu Taizhi 祖臺之, the Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” lists it as well. Written by Zu Taizhi. DC early 5th century. 4 juan (AV 2 juan). The book recorded miraculous events of the Jin period. Fragments are preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚, the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, and other books. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. The material on horse excrement he uses can be found in the Yi wen lei ju, which refers it to a Zhi guai (sometimes also turning the title around to Guai zhi 怪志). By contrast, the Tai ping yu lan cites the same fragment as coming from the → Xu sou shen ji 續搜神記. LSZ may have taken his material from either book. Zhi gui lun 質龜論, “discourse on the Principal Tortoise” [2] Daoist book. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” 1 juan. According to the Song shi yi wen zhi, the text was found in a rock chamber by Li Chunfeng 李淳風 (602-670). The end of the book itself relates the history of the text: Apparently it was carved into the walls of a rock chamber at Zhong shan 鐘山, and Li Chunfeng copied it and presented it to → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗. Li was a Tang 唐 dynasty expert in celestial patterns (tian wen 天文), mathematics, and yin yang theory. LSZ, for reasons unknown, attributes the book to → Zhang Shinan 張世南 of Southern Song 宋. The → Shuo fu 説郛 quotes a Ji gui lun 箕龜論, “Discourse on the Tortoise Constellation,” by Chen Shidao 陳師道 (1053-1101) of Northern Song 宋, and the information cited there is identical with the Zhi gui lun material. Therefore, the book must have been published by Northern Song at the latest, and LSZ’s attribution to Zhang Shinan is most certainly wrong. Zhi jue 直訣 → Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣 Zhi li 治例 → Za bing zhi li 雜病治例 Zhi mi fang 指迷方 → Quan sheng zhi mi fang 全生指迷方 Zhi nan fang 指南方, “Guidebook recipes” Northern Song 宋 medical recipe book. FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by → Shi Kan 史堪. DC late 11th century. 2 juan. The book is divided into 31 chapters, each with recipes as well as a theoretical discussion. It did not circulate widely and does not seem to have survived in its original form, although a Shi Zaizhi fang 史載之方, “Recipes of Shi Zaizhi,” is still extant that some consider identical with the Zhi nan fang. This view is contradicted by the Zhi nan fang citations in the BCGM, which do not correspond to the contents of the Shi Zaizhi fang. Lost material from the original Zhi nan fang is preserved in the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” and the → Pu ji fang 普濟方. LSZ seems to have cited second hand from the Pu ji fang, referring to the text as Zhi nan fang [10] and by the author’s style name as Shi Zaizhi 史 載之 [1].

669 Zhi pu 紙譜, “Paper Treatise” [2] One of four books comprising the Wen fang si pu 文房四譜, “Four Treatises on the [Tools of the] Study,” a Northern Song 宋 book. FE (Wen fang si pu) Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Su Yijian 蘇易簡. DC 986. The collection is divided into four parts, each describing one of a writer’s four essential utensils: the brush is covered in the → Bi pu 筆譜 (2 juan), the inkstone in the → Yan pu 硯譜 (2 juan), the ink itself in the → Mo pu 墨譜 (1 juan), and the paper in the Zhi pu (1 juan). The work details the origins of these four tools and contains many historical anecdotes and poems. LSZ never refers to the collection as a whole but only to the individual parts, listing each one separately in his bibliography. He cites the Zhi pu there and in the main text. Zhi qing za shuo 摭青雜説, “Picking up the Green Fragmentary Writings” [1] Lost Song 宋 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Yi shuo 醫 説. Written by → Wang Mingqing 王明清. 1 juan. LSZ cites a fragment second hand from the Yi shuo in SE ha ma 蛤蟆. Zhi ran zhai chao 治然齋抄 → Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日鈔 Zhi tai yi 支太醫, “Palace Physician Zhi” [3] Jin 晉 dynasty physician. LSZ considers him the same person as → Zhi Facun 支法存. Author of the → Zhi tai yi fang 支太醫方. Zhi tai yi fang 支太醫方, “recipes of Zhi the Palace Physician” Lost Jin 晉 dynasty medical recipe book. It is not mentioned in Sui 隋 or Tang 唐 bibliographies, but the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 cites it. Written by a certain → Zhi tai yi 支太醫, whom LSZ identifies as → Zhi Facun 支法 存. DC 1st half of the 4th century. Fragments are quoted in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方, the → ZLBC, the Zhou hou bei ji fang, and other books. LSZ quotes material from the work second hand, sometimes with changes. He refers to the book as Zhi tai yi fang [2], as Zhi tai yi mi fang 支太醫秘方, “Secret Recipes of Zhi the Palace Physician,” [1], and as Tai yi Zhi Facun fang 太醫支法存 方, “Recipe of the Palace Physician Zhi Facun,” [1]. Zhi tai yi mi fang 支太醫秘方 → Zhi tai yi fang 支太醫方 Zhi wen shuo 治聞説 → Qia wen ji 洽聞記 Zhi ya tang chao 志雅堂抄 → Zhi ya tang za chao 志雅堂雜鈔 Zhi ya tang za chao 志雅堂雜鈔, “Miscellaneous Notes from the Hall of refined Intent” Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Xu tong zhi yi wen lüe 續通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Sequel to the Comprehensive Treatises.” Written by → Zhou Mi 周密. 1 juan. The notes in the book are divided into nine categories. The text shows many discrepancies with other books by Zhou Mi such as the Yun yan guo yan lu 雲煙過眼錄, “Records of Transient Glories,” or the → Gui xin za zhi 癸辛雜識. Therfore it is suspected that the text, although probably based on a preliminary manuscript by Zhou, was amended by a later person to produce the Zhi ya tang za chao. LSZ cites the book as Zhi ya

670 tang za chao [2] and as Zhi ya tang chao 志雅堂抄, “Notes from the Hall of Refined Intent,” [1]. Zhi yan 巵言, “uncertain Words” [9] Ming 明 dynasty collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by → Yang Shen 楊慎. 4 juan. The term zhi yan is a modest appellation of one’s own opinions and books. Although some of the contents are found in other books of Yang’s, such as the Dan qian zong lu 丹鉛總錄, “General Records of Cinnabar and Lead,” (→ Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄) or the Sheng’an ji 昇庵集, “Collection of [Yang] Sheng’an,” (→ Yang Sheng’an ji 楊昇庵集), it hardly cites any texts of previous authors. The title is therefore a reference to the author’s own personal ideas. Zhi Yin fang 芝隱方, “recipes of Zhi yin” [2] Source of medical recipes, probably not a book. EE → Pu ji fang 普濟方, citing from the → Hai shang fang 海上方 . Zhi Yin 芝隱 is probably the name of a person, but no details are available on a figure of that name. The text recounts the cure of emperor → Song Du zong 宋度宗 (r. 1265-1274), hence the source being referred to as Zhi Yin fang probably dates to the Yuan 元 or early Ming 明 period. LSZ turns the Pu ji fang reference into a book title in his bibliographical sections and cites the recipe in the main text. Zhi yu 摯虞 [1] Western Jin 晉 high official. Style name Zhongqia 仲洽, a man of Chang an 長安, now Xi an 西安 in Shaan xi 陝西. He held various central posts such as Chamberlain for Ceremonials (tai chang qing 太常卿). Towards the end of the Jin dynasty he starved to death in a famine crisis. According to the → Jin shu 晉 書, he once collected acorns in the southern mountains to consume as food. LSZ cites this as SE xiang shi 橡實. Zhi zhang fu 指掌賦, “rhapsody Showing the Easy Matters” [1] Lost medical text that is not listed in any book catalogue or bibliography. LSZ cites a fragment in SE da qing 大青, attributing it to → Li Xiangxian 李象先 (fl. yuan you 元祐 reign period (1086-1094)). Zhi zhen yao da lun 至真要大論 → Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Zhi zhi 直指 → Ren zhai zhi zhi fang 仁齋直指方 Zhi zhi fang 直指方 → Ren zhai zhi zhi fang 仁齋直指方 Zhicai 之才 → Xu Zhicai 徐之才 Zhichuan 稚川 → Ge Hong 葛洪 Zhigu zi 炙轂子, “The Master of Easy-Going Humor” [3] Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” AN Zhigu zi za lu zhu jie 炙轂子雜 錄注解, “Miscellaneous Records of the Master of Easy-Going Humor, Annotated and Explained.” Compiled by → Wang Rui 王叡 (Literary name Zhigu zi 炙轂子). 5 juan. The book organizes earlier encyclopedias such as the → Gu jin

671 zhu 古今注  to discuss the origins of things. It also contains a Yue fu ti jie 樂府 題解, “Explanatory Notes on Yue fu,” which preserves many titles of ancient yue fu poems and songs. The book is partly lost, but incomplete versions are found in the → Lei shuo 類説 and the → Shuo fu 説郛. LSZ cites the work in his bibliographical sections and the main text, probably taking his material from the → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚 and the → Pi ya 埤雅. Zhiyan 智嚴 Monk cured by → Zhang Yong 張詠 from “unilateral wind” (pian feng 偏風) with a recipe of xi xian 豨薟. Zhiyue 志約 → Kong Zhiyue 孔志約 Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今注, “Notes on Chinese Things Old and New” [2] Five Dynasties period collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). FE Zhi zhai shu lu jie ti 直齋書錄解題, “Explanations to the Catalogue of the Studio of Righteousness.” Written by Ma Gao 馬縞, an official of Later Liang 梁 and Later Tang 唐, who rose to high posts under the Later Tang emperor Ming zong 明宗 (r. 926933). The Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” compares this book with the → Gu jin zhu 古 今注  of → Cui Bao 崔豹 and comes to the conclusion that the contents of the two books are mostly identical and that Ma Gao hardly annotated or expanded Cui Bao’s work. Moreover, the original Gu jin zhu was lost early, and Tang editors apparently assembled pre-Wei 魏 material and attributed it to Cui Bao, thus turning the received Gu jin zhu itself into a forgery. The Zhong hua gu jin zhu also contains a lot of material resembling the two extant juan of the → Su E yan yi 蘇 鶚演義. LSZ cites the Zhong hua gu jin zhu in his bibliographical sections and the main text but erroneously attributes it to → Fu hou 伏侯. Zhong Hui 鍾會 (225-264) [1] Official of the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Shiji 士季. A man of Chang she 長社 in Ying chuan 颍川, in the east of present-day Chang ge 長葛 in He nan 河南. His official posts included that of Minister of Education (si tu 司徒). Together with Deng Ai 鄧艾, he defeated the state of Shu 蜀. Zhong Hui was widely learned and compiled a Dao lun 道 論, “Treatise on the Dao,” in 20 chapters that is lost today. His Ju hua fu 菊花賦, “Rhapsody on the Chrysanthemum,” is preserved in the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類 聚. LSZ cites this second hand as → Ju you wu mei zan 菊有五美贊 in SE ju 菊. Zhong Jun 終軍 (died 113 BCE) [1] Western Han 漢 official. Style name Ziyun 子雲. A man of Ji nan 濟南, in the west of present-day Zhang qiu 章丘 in Shan dong 山東, usually considered a widely knowledgable person. LSZ mentions his studies on zhong shu 鼨鼠 in the introduction to the quadrupeds section of the BCGM. Zhong Kui 中馗 → Zhong Kui 鍾馗 Zhong Kui 鍾馗 A legendary spirit who is believed to fight evil by wielding a hammer to beat demons. Sometimes written Zhong Kui 中馗. Many legends are associated with

672 him, and LSZ refers to such legends from the → Yi shi 逸史 and also cites a → Zhong kui zhuan 鍾馗傳. Pharmaceutical drugs associated to the spirit Zhong Kui in some way or the other are called zhong kui 鍾馗 or zhong kui 中馗: Firstly, ancient paintings of the image of Zhong Kui are listed in the BCGM within the genre “material objects” (qi wu 器物) and serve as pharmaceutical substances. Secondly, according to LSZ, a drug called zhong kui originally belonged to the plant category “fungi” (jun 菌), with a physical appearance resembling a mallet. Another name for mallet is zhong kui 終葵, a homophone with the name of the fungus. Given the similarity of names and physical appearance, the spirit Zhong Kui evolved in later times, holding a hammer to smash demons. LSZ refers to him as Zhong Kui 鍾馗 [3] and Zhong Kui 中馗 [2]. Zhong Kui zhuan 鍾馗傳; “The Legend of Zhong Kui” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty story about → Zhong Kui 鍾馗. FE Qian qing tang shu mu 千頃堂書目, “Catalogue of the Thousand Acre Hall.” 1 juan. Written by Shen Meibo 沈梅伯. LSZ refers to this book as having been compiled by an unknown believer in SE zhong kui 鍾馗. Zhong shan jing 中山經 → Shan hai jing 山海經 Zhong shu shu 種樹書, “Book on Cultivating Trees” [6] Ming 明 dynasty agricultural text. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” Written by Yu Zhenmu 俞貞木, assigned by LSZ to → Yu Zongben 俞宗本, apparently the same person. DC 1379. 3 juan. Although entitled “cultivating trees,” the book really is about cultivation methods for all kinds of agricultural products. The first juan provides an agricultural calendar, the second is devoted to the cultivation of beans, wheat, bamboo and trees, and the last to flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Various editions from Qing 清 and Ming times are preserved, which sometimes attribute the book to Yu Zongben or erroneously to the Tang 唐 writer Guo Tuotuo 郭橐駝. LSZ cites the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text, but all the material he uses has to do with trees. In comparison, the Nong zheng quan shu 農政全書, “Complete Book on Agricultural Administration,” of LSZ’s contemporary Xu Guangqi 徐光啟 cites the Zhong shu shu of Yu Zhenmu as well, but the material quoted there is not limited to trees but also includes information on various other plants. Zhong Si 仲思 [1] Name of an immortal of the Northern Qi 齊 period. LSZ mentions his name in connection with zhong si zao 仲思棗, a date that was named after him, because, according to the → Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草, Zhong Si was the first to harvest it. Zhong sou 仲叟, “Old Man Zhong” [1] Northern Song 宋 person, a neighbor of → Li Tian 李畋. Personal name unknown. According to the → Gai wen lu 該聞錄, when the old man’s house was bewitched by mountain goblins, Li Tian suggested that he burned several dozens of fire crackers to chase them away. LSZ cites this in SE zhu 竹.

673 Zhong Wan 鍾岏 [1] Southern Qi 齊 official. Style name Changqiu 長邱. Among other posts, he served as magistrate of Jian kang 建康. He was a disciple of He Yin 何胤 (446531). According to the → Nan shi 南史 and the → Nan Qi shu 南齊書, he was ordered by his master to discuss the edibility of blood clams (gan 蚶) and oysters (li 蠣). LSZ refers to this in SE che ao 車螯. Zhong yu 鍾毓 (died 263) [2] Official from the state of Wei 魏 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Zhishu 稚叔, a man of Chang she 長社 on the Ying 潁 river. He held various national and local offices. LSZ cites his → Guo ran fu 果然賦. Zhong zang jing 中藏經, “Classic of the Central Treasury” [9] Medical recipe book. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises ” Attributed to → Hua Tuo 華佗, but this is a fake attribution. DC probably Tang 唐 or Song 宋. 8 juan. The text contains many recipes from the Wei 魏, Jin 晉, and Six Dynasties periods. LSZ used the original book. Zhong Zhen 鐘針 [1] Late Tang 唐, Five Dynasties period Daoist, said to have passed on a recipe for pills with xi xian 狶薟 to → Cheng Ne 成訥 Zhong zhi shu 種植書, “Book on Planting and Cultivation” Lost Han 漢 dynasty book on agriculture. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN there Fan Shengzhi shu 氾勝之書, “Book of Fan Shengzhi,” annotated versions of the Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han,” also call it Fan Shengzhi shi ba pian 氾勝之十八篇, “18 Chapters by Fan Shengzhi.” Written by → Fan Shengzhi 氾勝之. DC c. 32-7 BCE. Extensive fragments are preserved in the → ZLBC and other texts. LSZ cites the book second hand from the ZLBC and other sources as Zhong zhi shu [3] or by the name of the author alone as Fan Shengzhi [4]. Zhongjing 仲景 → Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 Zhongjing fang 仲景方 → Shang han lun 傷寒論  Zhongming 仲明 → Le lang wei 樂浪尉 Zhongqiu shanren 中岳山人 → Lü Zihua 呂子華 Zhongyang 仲陽 → Yuan Zhongyang 袁仲陽 Zhou 周 → Zhou Gu 周顧 Zhou Bi 周弼 [2] Southern Song 宋 author, fl. mid-13th century. Style name Boqiang 伯弜, a man of Wen yang 汶陽, now in the southwest of Tai an 泰安 in Shan dong 山東. He has a collection, the Wen yang duan ping shi jun 汶陽端平詩雋, “Outstanding [Collection] of Duan ping Reign Period Poetry from Wen yang,” in 4 juan. LSZ mistakenly attributes the → Shuo wen zi yuan 説文字原 and the → Liu

674 shu zheng e 六書正訛 (both actually by Zhou Boqi 周伯琦) to Zhou Bi in his bibliographical sections. Zhou Bida 周必大 (1126-1204) Southern Song 宋 high official. Style name Ziyuan 子元, also Hongdao 洪道 or Hongdao 弘道, posthumous name Wenzhong 文忠, “Literary and Loyal.” A man of Lu ling 廬陵 in Ji zhou 吉州, now part of Jiang xi 江西, jin shi 1151. He held high posts in the central government and even rose to the post of Grand Councilor of the Left (zuo cheng xiang 左丞相) at the end of the chun xi 淳熙 reign period (1174-1189). He wrote as many as 81 books, which were later collected into the Yi guo Zhou Wenzhong gong quan ji 益國周文忠公全集, “Complete Collection of Duke Zhou Wenzhong from the State of Yi.” LSZ lists a→ Zhou Bida ji 周必大集 in his bibliography. He refers to Zhou as Zhou Bida [3] and when citing his → Yin de lu 陰德錄 erroneously as Zhou Bitai 周必太 [1]. Zhou Bida ji 周必大集, “Collection of Zhou Bida” [1] Literary collection of → Zhou Bida 周必大. FE Guo shi jing ji zhi 國史經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatises of the Dynastic Histories.” The title is not listed in any book catalogue before the late Ming, but from Song 宋 times on many works cite from a collection of this name. LSZ lists the book in his bibliography but does not seem to cite it directly in the main text. Zhou Bitai 周必太 → Zhou Bida 周必大 Zhou Caochuang 周草窗 → Zhou Mi 周密 Zhou chanshi 周禪師 → Dazhi chanshi 大智禪師 Zhou chong 周崈 → Zhou chong ban yuan 周崈班縁 Zhou chong ban yuan 周崈班縁, “Zhou the Officer of the Veneration Group” Song 宋 dynasty official, personal name unknown. He once suffered from a knife wound after capturing a bandit, but was cured by the soldier → Li Gao 李高 who applied a “powder with purple gold” (zi jin san 紫金散). LSZ cites this story from the → Ming yi lu 名醫錄 in SE jiang zhen xiang 降真香 but erroneously omits the two characters ban yuan 班縁, thus rendering the official’s title Zhou chong 周崈 [1]. Chong ban yuan 崈班緣 (AV chong ban yuan 崇班縁) was a Song naval officer’s title. Zhou Chu 周處 (c. 236-297) [5] Official of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period and Western Jin 晉. Style name Ziyin 子隱, a man of Yang yi 陽羡 in Yi xing 義興, now in the south of Yi xing 宜興 in Jiang su 江蘇. Tradition has it that he rampaged his home area during his youth but changed abruptly later, rising to the ranks of governor (tai shou 太守) of Xin ping 新平 and General for the Initiation of Power (jian wei jiang jun 建威將軍). Among his works are the Mo yu 默語, “Silent Conversations,” the → Feng tu ji 風土記, frequently cited by LSZ, and the Wu shu 吳書, “History of Wu.”

675 Zhou daguan 周達觀 [4] Yuan 元 dynasty writer. Literary name Caoting yimin 草庭逸民, “Hermit of the Grass Courtyard,” a man of Yong jia 永嘉, now Wen zhou 溫州 in Zhe jiang 浙 江. In 1295 he was sent on an embassy to what the Chinese called Zhen la 真腊, the Khmer empire in present-day Cambodia. He returned in 1297 and recorded what he had seen and heard there to produce the Zhen la feng tu ji 真腊風土記, “Records of Customs and Geographical Surroundings of Zhen la” (→ Zhen la ji 真腊記). Zhou dian xian 周顛仙, “Zhou dian the Immortal” [3] Late Yuan 元, early Ming 明 man from Jian chang 建昌, now Nan cheng 南城 in Jiang xi 江西. His real name is unknown. At the age of 14 he started behaving insanely and left home to go begging in the streets of Nan chang 南昌. Due to his mad (dian 癫) behavior he was called Zhou Dian 周顛. In spite of his eccentricity he is said to have been well-versed in herbal medicine, and in 1393, when the Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高 皇帝) was ill, Zhou sent medicinals that improved Zhu’s condition. Thereupon Zhu wrote Zhou’s biography and had it inscribed on a stele at Lu 廬 mountain. LSZ refers to this inscription as → Zhou Dian xian bei 周顛仙碑. Zhou Dian xian bei 周顛仙碑, “Stone Stele of the Immortal Zhou dian” Ming 明 dynasty inscription on a stone tablet. FE Ming shi yi wen zhi 明史 藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Ming.” AN Zhou Dian xian zhuan 周顛仙傳, “Biography of the Immortal Zhou Dian.” Written by the Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝) in memory of → Zhou Dian xian 周顛仙, who cured the emperor from a disease. LSZ cites the text in his bibliographical sections and the main text as Zhou Dian xian bei [2] and mentions Zhou Dian xian [1] once more in SE chang pu 菖蒲. The textual material on the ability of gao liang jiang 高良薑 to cure “cold and pain in the heart and spleen” (xin pi leng tong 心脾冷痛) is not found verbatim in the actual stele, there this ability is attributed more generally to a “good, warming medicinal” (wen liang yao 溫良藥) or “good, warming stone” (wen liang shi 溫良石). Zhou ding wang 周定王 (1362? -1425) This is Zhu Xiao 朱橚, a Ming 明 dynasty prince, the fifth son of the Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝). He was granted the titles Prince of Wu 吳 in 1370 and Prince of Zhou 周 in 1378. Ding 定 is his posthumous name, thus the title Zhou Ding wang. He was the author of a materia dietetica for famine relief, the → Jiu huang ben cao 救荒本草, and headed the compilations of the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 and the → Xiu zhen fang 袖珍方. In the 1555 edition of the Jiu huang ben cao he is falsely identified as his son → Zhou Xian wang 周憲王, a mistake that was taken over by LSZ and Xu Guangqi 徐光啟, author of the Nong zheng quan shu 農政全書, “Complete Book on Agricultural Administration.” The mistake was corrected in the Qing 清 Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” and later authors and editors refer the Jiu huang ben cao

676 and the Pu ji fang to Zhou Ding wang again. Note that the old editions of the BCGM still refer to Zhou Xian wang [24], a mistake that was corrected in later editions. Zhou Xian wang’s literary name Chengzhai 誠齋 remained in the Jiu huang ben cao entry of LSZ’s bibliography, however. Zhou gong 周公, “duke of Zhou” [2] This is Ji Dan 姬旦, prime minister (zai fu 宰輔) of early Western Zhou 周, son of King Wen 文 (→ Wen wang 文王), younger brother of King Wu 武. His fief was in Zhou (in the north of present-day Qi shan 岐山 in Shanxi 陕西), hence he was called “Duke of Zhou.” He assisted in setting up Zhou government institutions and structures, put down armed rebellions, and distributed property among the feudal lords. He is said to have authored numerous writings, e.g., some chapters in the Zhou shu 周書, “Documents of Zhou,” and part of the → Shang shu 尚書, namely the Da gao 大誥, “Great Announcement,” the Kang gao 康誥, “Announcement to [Prince] Kang,” and the → Jiu gao 酒誥. Zhou Gu 周顧 Tang 唐 dynasty imperial physician, fl. during the reign of → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 (r. 712-756). The → Ming huang za lu 明皇雜錄 records one of his case histories, and LSZ takes this over in his main text, referring to Zhou as Zhou Gu [2] and Zhou 周 [1]. Zhou guan 周官 → Zhou li 周禮 Zhou Han gong zhu 周漢公主, “Princess of Zhou and Han” (died 1262) [1] Southern Song 宋 princess, the daughter of Emperor Li zong 理宗 (r. 12241264). In SE gui che niao 鬼車鳥, LSZ informs of a bird with nine heads facing the home of the princess prior to her death. This was regarded as an inauspicious omen. Zhou hou 肘後 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一方, “101 recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand” Liang 梁 dynasty medical recipe book. FE → Qi lu 七錄. AN Bu que zhou hou jiu zu bei ji fang 補闕肘後救卒備急方, “Compensating the Deficiencies in the Recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand for Emergencies and Rescue from Death.” Originally written by → Ge Hong 葛洪, supplemented by → Tao Hongjing 陶 弘景. DC supplemented edition 500. 3 juan (AV 9 juan, 6 juan).The Zhou hou bai yi fang was based upon the → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 of Ge Hong which was amended by Tao to produce the Zhou hou bai yi fang. Tao felt that Ge Hong’s work still had deficiencies and did not take full benefit of its sources. Thus he selected material to compensate for the insufficiencies of the work. He cut out seven chapters, added 22 chapters to make it 101 in all (this number being a Buddhist reference), and renamed the book. The original Zhou hou bai yi fang is now lost, but it was frequently quoted in Tang 唐 and Song 宋 works. The → ZLBC makes a distinction between the Bai yi fang 百一方, “101 Recipes,” (i.e. the Zhou hou bai yi fang) and the Zhou hou fang 肘後方, “Recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand,” (i.e. the Zhou hou bei ji fang) in its many quotations, but → Su Song 蘇頌 in his → TJBC erroneously refers the Bai yi fang to Ge Hong. The Jin 金

677 author Yang Yongdao 楊用道 obtained an antique edition of the Zhou hou bai yi fang and added the ZLBC material to it to produce the Fu guan zhou hou fang 附廣肘後方, “Expanded Recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand,” in 8 juan. LSZ never saw Yang’s book and consequently knew nothing of its history. Therefore he attributes the book to Ge Hong, citing it as Zhou hou bai yi fang [4] in his bibliographical sections and the main text. In the main text there are various references to a Bai yi fang [22], labeled with Tao’s literary name Tao Yinju 陶隱居 once and incorrectly with some form of Ge’s name twice. LSZ also erroneously refers material from the Zhou hou bai yi fang to a non-existant → Zhou hou yao fang 肘後要方 [1]. Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方, “recipes for Emergencies to Be Kept Close at Hand” Jin 晉 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Sui shu jing ji zhi 隋書經籍志, “Bibliographical Treatise in the History of the Sui.” AN Zhou hou jiu zu fang 肘後 救卒方, “Recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand for Emergencies and Rescue from Death,” Zhou hou fang 肘後方, “Recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand.” Written by → Ge Hong 葛洪. DC 4th century. 3 juan, 67 chapters. Ge Hong reviewed a large number of books and selected the very best recipes to produce his book. Since the recipes were intended for emergency use, they consisted of inexpensive pharmaceutical substances easy to obtain. The original book is lost, but a great part of the text is preserved in a number of Tang 唐 and Song 宋 medical works, especially the → ZLBC, which refers to the text as Zhou hou fang. → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 took over the essential parts of the book and supplemented it to produce his → Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一方. LSZ was apparently unaware of the textual history of the work and frequently mistook the abbreviation Zhou hou fang in his sources for the Zhou hou bai yi fang, which, following the error of books like the → TJBC, he referred to Ge Hong. Thus he does not list the Zhou hou bei ji fang in his bibliographical sections but only a Zhou hou bai yi fang by Ge Hong. In the main text, he often quotes the work from the ZLBC, referring to it as Zhou hou bei ji fang [1], but mostly as Zhou hou fang [483] or Zhou hou 肘 後 [169], Ji fang 急方, “Emergency Recipes,” Ge Hong fang 葛洪方, “Recipes of Ge Hong.” [7], and as Ge shi fang 葛氏方, “Recipes of Mr. Ge,” [8]. He also cites material by the name of the author alone, as Ge Hong [45], Ge shi 葛氏, “Mr. Ge,” [9], or Ge Zhichuan 葛稚川 [2]. There are 13 general references to a → Bei ji fang 備急方, but this designation might refer to other books as well. In addition, LSZ erroneously refers the abbreviation → Bai yi fang 百一方  [2] to Ge Hong or Ge Zhichuan, and material labeled → De xiao fang 得效方  [1] of Tao Yinju 陶隱居 (that is, Tao Hongjing) or → Zhou hou liang fang 肘後良方 [1] is all taken from the Zhou hou bei ji fang. Zhou hou fang 肘後方 → Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方 Zhou hou liang fang 肘後良方, “Good recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand” [1] This is an incorrect name for the Zhou hou fang 肘後方, “Recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand,” (→ Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方). The recipe quoted can be

678 found in the → TJBC as from the Zhou hou fang, which LSZ renders Zhou hou liang fang. There was no separate book of that name. Zhou hou yao fang 肘後要方, “Essential recipes to Be Kept Close at Hand” [1] This is an incorrect name for the → Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一方. The material LSZ uses is cited in the → ZLBC as from the Bai yi fang 百一方, “101 Recipes,” that is, the Zhou hou bai yi fang. There was no separate book of the name Zhou hou yao fang. Zhou ji 粥記, “records of Congee” [1] Northern Song 宋 essay. EE Keshan ji 柯山集, “Collection of [Zhang] Keshan.” Written by → Zhang Lei 張耒. The essay describes the benefits of eating congee, and LSZ cites it in the main text of the BCGM. Zhou Jing wang 周景王 (died 520 BCE) [1] This is Ji Gui 姬貴, ruler of Eastern Zhou 周, r. 544-520. In SE gu wen qian 古文 錢, LSZ informs us that large coins were first cast during his time. Zhou Junchao 周君巢 (fl. 785-805) Tang 唐 dynasty official. Literary name Songyang zi 嵩陽子, “Master of Song yang.” He held at least one minor government post and had an interest in medicine and practices for nurturing life (yang sheng 養生). Author of the → Wei ling xian zhuan 威靈仙傳. The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 of → Chen Cangqi 陳藏 器 frequently quotes his discussions on pharmaceutical substances. LSZ refers to him as Zhou Junchao [1] and as Songyang zi [7]. Zhou li 周禮, “rites of Zhou” Confucian classic, one of the three ritual classics. AN originally Zhou guan 周官, “The Offices of Zhou.” The text is a collection of material on the Zhou 周 royal bureaucracy and the institutions of the individual states, supplemented by Confucian ideas on statecraft. The old text (gu wen 古文) tradition attributed the text to the Duke of Zhou (→ Zhou gong 周公) of early Western Zhou, while the new text (jin wen 今文) tradition dated it to the Warring States period. Some even considered it a Western Han 漢 forgery by Liu Xin 劉歆, who changed the original name to Zhou li. By comparison of Zhou bronze inscriptions with the political and economical institutions and the scholarly thought reflected in the text, modern scholarship agrees that the Zhou li is a Warring States work. The text is divided into six sections on individual ministries and their heads: the Minister of State in the Heavenly Office (tian guan zhong zai 天官冢宰), the Minister of Education in the Office of Earth (di guan si tu, 地官司徒), the Minister of Rites in the Spring Office (chun guan zong bo 春官宗伯), the Minister of War in the Summer Office (xia guan si ma 夏官司馬), the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇), and the Minister of Works in the Winter Office (dong guan si kong 冬官司空). The latter text was lost early, and the → Kao gong ji 考工記 was added as a substitution in its place. Apart from the Kao gong ji [9], LSZ also cites the entire text as Zhou li [45] and as Zhou guan [10]. In his bibliographical sections he lists a commentated version

679 of the text as → Zhou li zhu shu 周禮注疏 [1], and in the main text cites some annotations from it. Zhou li zhu 周禮注 → Zhou li zhu shu 周禮注疏 Zhou li zhu shu 周禮注疏, “annotations and Commentary to the Zhou li” Commentary on the → Zhou li 周禮, a combined edition of the Eastern Han 漢 Zhou li zhu 周禮注, “Annotations to the Zhou li,” by → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 and the Tang 唐 Zhou li yi shu 周禮義疏, “Commentary on Meanings of the Zhou li,” by Jia Gongyan 賈公彥. 42 juan. This seems to be the version of the Zhou li LSZ used. He lists the work as Zhou li zhu shu [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites commentaries from it in the main text as Zhou li zhu [3] or as Zheng Xuan zhu 鄭玄注, “Zheng Xuan’s Annotations,” [2]. Zhou Liangcai 周良采 → Zhou Wencai 周文采 Zhou Liheng 周離亨 [1] Northern Song 宋 official, held various posts at court. According to the → Bo zhai bian 泊宅編, he once happened to cure the illness of a colleague using a medication including yan hu suo 延胡索. Zhou Mi 周密 (1232-c. 1298) Southern Song 宋 scholar. Style name Gongjin 公謹, literary name Caochuang 草窗, “Grass Window,” and others. His ancestral home was in Ji nan 濟南 in present-day Shan dong 山東 but his family later moved to Wu xing 吳興, now Hu zhou 湖州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. He maintained friendly relationships to many people, collected books, and was an accomplished poet, writer, painter and calligrapher. His specialty were Song period ancecdotes. Zhou was the author of the Wu lin jiu shi 武林舊事, “Old Matters from Wu lin,” the Caochuang yun yu 草窗韻語, “Rhymed Phrases of [Zhou] Caochuang,” the → Qi dong ye yu 齊東 野語, the → Gui xin za zhi 癸辛雜識, the → Zhi ya tang za chao 志雅堂雜鈔, the → Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日鈔, and other books. The last four were used by LSZ, who often does not cite the individual texts explicitly but refers to the author’s name rather as Zhou Mi [19], Zhou Caochuang 周草窗 [1], or Caochuang [1]. Zhou Mu wang 周穆王 (died 922 BCE) [1] This is Ji Man 姬滿, ruler of Western Zhou 周, r. 976-922 BCE. According to the → Mu tian zi zhuan 穆天子傳, he once toured his realm with his chariot being drawn by eight steeds on its westward journey. LSZ cites some information on the grass used by King Mu to feed the eight steeds in SE shi long cao 石龍芻. Zhou nan 周南 → Shi jing 詩經 Zhou nan shi 周南詩 → Shi jing 詩經 Zhou riyong 周日用 [1] Probably a Song 宋 dynasty author, but details about his life are lacking. The Jun zhai du shu zhi 郡齋讀書志, “Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study,” refers to annotations to the → Bo wu zhi 博物志  by Zhou Riyong, while the Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考, “Comprehensive Study of Literary and Documen-

680 tary Sources,” lists an annotated version of the Bo wu zhi in 10 juan by authors called Zhou 周 and Lu 盧. There are, in fact, notes by Zhou Riyong in the presently circulating Bo wu zhi, and LSZ cites these in one place, although he does not list an annotated edition by Zhou and Lu in his bibliographical sections. Zhou Shihou 周師厚 Northern Song 宋 official. Style name Dunfu 敦夫, a man of Yin xian 鄞縣, now Shao xing 紹興 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1053. He held office as a Tax Transport Assistant (zhuan yun pan guan 轉運判官) The Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises,” makes him the author of the → Luo yang hua mu ji 洛陽花木記. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections but mistakenly calls the author Zhou Xu 周敘 [1]. Zhou Shouzhen 周守真 [1] Song 宋 dynasty Daoist. According to the → Yijian zhi 夷堅志, he cured → Tang Jing 唐靖 of a “jealousy essence sore” (du jing chuang 妬精瘡). LSZ mentions him in SE he li le 訶黎勒. Zhou shu 周書 → Yi Zhou shu 逸周書 Zhou song 周頌 → Shi jing 詩經 Zhou tai gong 周太公 → Jiang tai gong 姜太公 Zhou tui guan 周推官, “Judge Zhou” [1] Song 宋 dynasty official. Personal name unknown. A man of Lin chuan 臨川. LSZ, in SE zhu sha 朱砂, reports how he fell ill and after ingesting cinnabar and drugs of hot thermo-quality was treated by the → Yang yi lao Zhu 瘍醫老祝. Zhou Wencai 周文采 Ming 明 dynasty physician, mistakenly called Zhou Liangcai 周良采 [2] by LSZ. Fl. late 15th century, further details about his life are unavailable. He held a local medical office and was the author of the → Yi fang xuan yao 醫方選要 and the → Wai ke ji yan fang 外科集驗方, both compiled at princely orders. Zhou Xian wang 周憲王 (1379-1439) This is Zhu Youdun 朱有燉, a Ming 明 dynasty prince, grandson of the Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (→ Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝) and the eldest son of → Zhou Ding wang 周定王. Literary name Chengzhai 誠齋, “Studio of Sincerity.” LSZ, following a mistake in a preface by Lu Jian 陸柬 in the 1555 edition of the → Jiu huang ben cao 救荒本草, makes Zhou Xian wang [24] and not his father the author of the Jiu huang ben cao and the → Pu ji fang 普 濟方. This mistake was corrected in the Qing 清 Si ku quan shu ti yao 四庫全書 提要, “Index to the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature,” and later authors and editors refer the Jiu huang ben cao and the Pu ji fang to Zhou Ding wang again. But even though the name of Zhou Xian wang was changed in these editions, his literary name Chengzhai [1] remained in the Jiu huang ben cao entry of LSZ’s bibliography, thus incorrectly making Chengzhai the literary name of Zhou Ding wang.

681 Zhou Xingsi 周興嗣 (died 521) [1] Liang 梁 dynasty official. His ancestral home was Chen jun xiang 陳郡項, now Shen qiu 沈丘 in Hen nan 河南, but his family lived in Gu shu 姑熟 (present-day Dang tu 當涂 in An hui 安徽). Zhou was widely learned and an accomplished writer. The → Liang shu 梁書 has his biography. In his later years he suffered from ulcers and epidemic disease. According to the → Ben cao shi yi 本 草拾遺, he enjoyed eating alligator meat. Once an alligator spat at him, and he developed malign sores. LSZ cites this in SE tuo long 鼉龍. Zhou Xu 周敘 → Zhou Shihou 周師厚 Zhou yi 周顗 (269-322) [1] Jin 晉 dynasty high official. Style name Boren 伯仁, a man of An cheng 安成 in Ru nan 汝南, now Ru nan in Hen nan 河南. He served in various posts and rose to be Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat (shang shu zuo pu ye 尚 書左僕射). According to his biography in the → Jin shu 晉書, he was addicted to consuming large amounts of wine. LSZ mentions this in SE jiu 酒. Zhou yi 周易, “The Zhou Book of Changes” Book on divination, one of the Confucian classics, widely known as the Yi jing 易經,“Book of Changes.” Traditionally attributed to Zhou 周 dynasty authors. The text is divided into two parts, the classic (jing 經) and commentaries (zhuan 傳). The classic part explains the use of 64 hexagrams (gua 卦) comprised of 384 lines (yao 爻) in divination, while the commentaries provide interpretations to the classic. The commentaries are among the earliest Chinese philosophical works and were extremely important for the later development of Confucian ideas. There were many commentaries written by later authors. The versions still extant today include the → Yi jing zhu shu 易經注疏 of → Wang Bi 王弼, the Jin 晉 commentary of Han Kangbo 韓康伯, or the Tang 唐 one by Li Dingzuo 李鼎祚. LSZ refers to the text as Zhou yi [3], as Yi jing [1], or simply as Yi 易, “Changes,” [7]. He also mentions the → Tuan xiang yao ci 彖象繇辭 [1] aspects of the Zhou yi in the → MYBL entry in his bibliographical sections, referring these to → Wen wang 文王 and → Kong zi 孔子. Zhou yi tong gua yan 周易通卦驗, “Comprehensive Examination of the Trigrams in the Zhou yi” Han 漢 dynasty apocryphal book (→ Wei shu 緯書), a commentary on the → Zhou yi 周易. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” AN Yi wei tong gua yan 易緯通卦驗, “Comprehensive Examination of the Trigrams in the Yi [jing] Apocrypha.” Anonymous author, annotations attributed to → Zheng Xuan 鄭玄. 2 juan. The original book is lost, but fragments are preserved in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽, the → Shuo fu 説郛, and other books. These fragments were assembled in the Yong le da dian 永樂大典, “Great Encyclopedia of the Yong le Reign Period,” to reconstruct the text. LSZ probably cites second hand from earlier encyclopedias, referring to the book as Zhou yi tong gua yan [1], as Yi tong gua yan 易通卦驗, “Comprehensive Examination of the Trigrams in the Yi [jing],” [3] and as Yi tong gua yan xuan tu 易通卦驗玄圖, “Profound Illustrations to the Comprehensive Examination of

682 the Trigrams in the Yi [jing],” [1]. LSZ mostly used the work for descriptions of the untypical seasonal growth of plants. Zhou ying 周應 Northern Song 宋 medical official. Details about his life are lacking, but he apparently held a medical post during the huang you 皇祐 reign period (1049-1053). In 1051 he produced the → Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方 at imperial orders. Zhou zi 周子, “Master Zhou” (1017-1073) [2] Designation for Zhou Dunyi 周敦頤, the famous Northern Song 宋 philosopher. Style name Maoshu 茂叔, also known as Lianxi xiansheng 濂溪先生, “Gentleman of Lian xi.” A man of Ying dao 營道 in Dao zhou 道州, now Dao xian 道縣 in Hu nan 湖南. Author of the Tai ji tu shuo 太極圖説, “Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate,” the Tong shu 通書, “Penetrating the Book of Changes,” and other books. His writings were later assembled into the Zhou zi quan shu 周子全書, “Complete Collection of Books by Master Zhou.” LSZ does not list any of Zhou’s books in his bibliography but cites statements from the Tai ji tu shuo in the main text. Zhu Chen 朱齔 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty person from Mei xian 郿縣 in present-day Shaan xi 陝西. Originally a woman, she transformed into a male in 886. LSZ cites this in SE ren gui 人傀. Zhu Chengyan 朱成言 Southern Song 宋 person, a first-ranking candidate (jie yuan 解元) in the provincial imperial exams. Further details about his life are unavailable. The → Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 lists a recipe transmitted by him for treating “intestinal wind” (chang feng 腸風). This was used by Zhu Chengyan himself, by his elder brother Ziyun 子雲, and by → Lu Ziji 陸子楫 with extraordinary effects. → Peng Dabian 彭大辯 recommended the recipe as highly effective as well. The recipe is reproduced in the → Pu ji fang 普濟方, which calls it “Recipe that Investigates the Origins” (jiu yuan fang 究原方) and “Black Rhinocerous Recipe” (wu xi fang 烏犀方) and gives the Bai yi xuan fang as its source. LSZ misunderstands this and names the → Jiu yuan fang 究原方 as his source in SE da dou chi 大豆豉. Adding to this mistake, he writes Zhu Chengyan’s name Zhu Yuancheng 朱元成 [1], and his elder brother (xiong 兄) is turned into his nephew (zhi 侄). Zhu danxi 朱丹溪 → Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 Zhu dou tie 煮豆帖, “Model Calligraphy on Cooking Beans” [1] Song 宋 period model calligraphy by → Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅. Its contents are recorded in the → Chuo geng lu 輟耕錄 and cited by LSZ in SE guan zhong 貫眾. Zhu duanzhang 朱端章 [3] Southern Song 宋 official. A man of Chang le 長樂 in Fu jian 福建. During the chun xi 淳熙 reign period (1174-1189) he served in the army in Jiang xi 江西 and was officially dispatched to inquire about the sufferings of the people. In his

683 leisure time he collected medical recipes. When he was summoned by the prefecture to attend to other matters, Xu Anguo 徐安國 expanded his collection of recipes to create the → Wei sheng jia bao fang 衛生家寶方. He also wrote a Wei sheng jia bao chan ke fang 衛生家寶產科方, “Obstetric Recipes for Protecting Life, Treasured by the Family,” the Wei sheng jia bao tang fang 衛生家寶湯方, “Decoction Recipes for Protecting Life, Treasured by the Family,” and the Wei sheng xiao er fang 衛生小兒方, “Pediatric Recipes for Protecting Life.” LSZ also refers a → Ji yan fang 集驗方  to Zhu, but this is an erroneous attribution of the Lei bian Zhu shi ji yan yi fang 類編朱氏集驗醫方, “Categorized Compilation of the Collected and Proven Medical Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” of Zhu Zuo 朱 佐 (→ Zhu shi 朱氏) to Zhu Duanzhang. Zhu Fazhen 竺法真 (5th century) Liu Song 劉宋 dynasty monk. His ancestors came from India (tian zhu 天竺), thus his ethnicon Zhu 竺. Avoiding the political upheavals during the early xiao jian 孝建 reign period (454-456), Zhu retreated to Luo fu shan 羅浮山 and was therefore able to write the Deng Luo shan shu 登羅山疏, “A Commentary on Climbing Mount Luo,” (→ Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏). LSZ refers to Zhu as Zhu Fazhen [3] and erroneously as Zhu Zhen 竺真 [1]. Zhu Fengyi 朱奉議 → Zhu Gong 朱肱 Zhu Fu 朱輔 [3] Southern Song 宋 official. Style name Jigong 季公, a man of Tong xiang 桐鄉, now Tong cheng 桐城 in An hui 桐城. Zhu lived around the qing yuan 慶元 reign period (1195-1200) and held an office in the area of the “five creeks” (wu xi 五溪, cf. → Wu xi ji 五溪記), located in the area of present-day Yuan ling 沅陵 in Hu nan 湖南. He drew upon his experiences there to write the → Xi man cong xiao 溪蠻叢笑. LSZ cites this text but erroneously expands the author’s name to Zhu Fushan 朱輔山. Zhu Fushan 朱輔山 → Zhu Fu 朱輔 Zhu Gong 朱肱 Northern Song 宋 physician. Style name Yizhong 翼中, literary name Wuqiu zi 無求子, “Master Without Desires.” A man of Wu cheng 烏程, now Wu xing 吳 興 in Zhe jiang 浙江, jin shi 1088. He held the offices of Court Gentleman Consultant (feng yi lang 奉議郎) and Auxiliary in the Imperial Archives (zhi mi ge 直秘閣) and was therefore called Zhu Fengyi 朱奉議., “Zhu the Court Consultant.” He was the author of the → Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書 and the Bei shan jiu jing 北山酒經, “Liquor Classic of the Northern Mountain.” LSZ refers to him as Zhu Gong [17] and Zhu Fengyi [1]. Zhu Huan 朱桓 (177-238) [1] General of the state of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Xiumu 休穆, a man of Wu jun 吳郡, now Su zhou 蘇州 in Jiang su 江蘇. According to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記, he had a female servant from the southern “people dropping their heads” (luo tou min 落頭民). At night her head left the

684 body and flew away, and in the morning it returned to its body. LSZ cites this story in SE ren gui 人傀. Zhu Hui’an 朱晦庵 [2] This is the literary name of Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子). LSZ cites one sentence from a poem by Zhu Hui’an and also refers directly to a Bing lang shi 檳榔 詩, “Poem on the Betelnut,” of his. This material is all taken from a poem in the → Zhu zi da quan 朱子大全. Zhu Jie 朱節 [1] Northern Song 宋 person. During the early xuan he 宣和 reign period (1119-1125) his wife, aged 41, grew a beard more than a foot long over night. This is recorded in → Xuan zheng lu 宣政錄 and taken over by LSZ in SE ren gui 人傀. Zhu Mu 祝穆 [5] Southern Song 宋 scholar, fl. 1st half of the 13th century. Also called Bing 丙, style name Hefu 和甫. His ancestors came from Xin an 新安, now Xi xian 歙 縣 in An hui 安徽 but later moved to Chong an 崇安 in present-day Fu jian 福建. As a youth, along with his younger brother, he studied with Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子), with whom he was related through the female family line. He lived in seclusion and was the author of the → Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽 and the literary encyclopedia → Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚. Zhu pu 竹譜, “Treatise on Bamboo”  [4] Jin 晉 dynasty specialized treatise on bamboo, the first of its kind. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” Written by → Dai Kaizhi 戴凱之. 1 juan. The text records 70 varieties of bamboo. It is composed in the form of four character rhymes, with explanatory notes added.

 [2] Probably an erroneous designation for the → Sun pu 筍譜. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to the monk → Zanning 贊寧 , but Zanning actually wrote a Sun pu, still extant, and not a Zhu pu. There was a Zhu pu by the Song monk Huichong 惠崇, but it is lost, and there is no way to compare it with the fragment cited in the BCGM. Zhu shi 祝氏 → Lu Zhizhu 陸之柷 Zhu shi 庶氏, “Gentleman for Fumigation” [3] Official post recorded in the Minister of Justice in the Autumn Office (qiu guan si kou 秋官司寇) section of the → Zhou li 周禮. Responsible for eliminating poisonous gu 蠱. Zhu shi 朱氏, “Mr. Zhu” [60] This might be a reference either to → Zhu Duanzhang 朱端章 or to Zhu Zuo 朱佐, a Southern Song 宋 physician. Zhu Zuo’s style name was Junfu 君輔, he was a man of Xiang lu 湘麓, now Chang sha 長沙 in Hu nan 湖南, and the author of the Lei bian Zhu shi ji yan yi fang 類編朱氏集驗醫方, “Categorized Compilation of the Collected and Proven Medical Recipes of Mr. Zhu,” (→ Ji

685 yan fang 集驗方 ). LSZ apparently got confused about the identity of Mr. Zhu and incorrectly refers the Ji yan fang to Zhu Duanzhang. Zhu shi fang 朱氏方 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  Zhu shi ji yan 朱氏集驗 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  Zhu shi jing yan fang 朱氏經驗方 → Ji yan fang 集驗方  Zhu Shouren 朱守仁 [2] Jin 金 to Yuan 元 period person. A man of Wu jin 武進 in Chang zhou 常州, now part of Jiang su 江蘇. He possessed a recipe to cure scrofula. LSZ cites this twice in his main text, apparently regarding the two books as one, gives the → Huo fa ji yao 活法機要 as his source in SE jia su 假蘇 and the → Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集 in SE qiu yin 蚯蚓. Today, this recipe is listed only in a text called Su wen yuan qi wu xing ji kao 素問元氣五行稽考, “Textual Research on Original Qi and the Five Phases in the Su wen,” that is attached to some editions of the Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji. Zhu Song 朱頌 → Zhu Yang 朱崸 Zhu Wengong 朱文公 → Zhu zi 朱子 Zhu wen xuan 注文選 → Wen xuan 文選 Zhu wu bu 主物簿 → Tian xuan zhu wu bu 天玄主物簿 Zhu xiu cai 朱秀才, “Cultivated Talent Zhu” [1] Ming 明 dynasty scholar. A man of Yan zhou 兗州, further details unavailable. He is said to have obtained a recipe by praying to the heavenly spirits, which eventually cured him from an eye affliction. LSZ, in SE xiao shi 消石, cites this story from the Zhang Sanfeng xian fang 張三仹仙方, “Immortals’ Recipes of Zhang Sanfeng,” (→ Xian chuan fang 仙傳方 ), but that text does not record such an event. Zhu Xuan 竺暄 [1] Tang 唐 or pre-Tang person. Details about his life are unavailable. Author of a → Shi jing 食經  in 4 juan and one in 10 juan. Zhu yang 朱崸 Song 宋 dynasty official in charge of Sui zhou 隨州. Details about his life are unavailable. Once he instructed the people to prepare dishes of large beans (da dou 大豆) in order to comply with the Daoist avoidance of cereals. Also, he had stone inscriptions engraved at the Tai ping xing guo 太平興國 temple in the Da bie 大別 mountain range. The → Nong shu 農書 records these stories, and LSZ cites them in SE da dou 大豆, erroneously writing Zhu’s name Zhu Song 朱頌 [1]. Zhu ying 朱應 [2] Man of the State of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. In 226 he was sent as an envoy to various Southeast Asian countries and wrote the → Fu nan ji 扶南記, which is based upon his experiences there.

686 Zhu yiweng 銖衣翁 [1] Ming 明 dynasty person, fl. during the jia jing 嘉靖 reign period (1522-1567). He once presented a “yellow crane elixir” (huang he dan 黃鶴丹) to → Han Mao 韓 at the Yellow Crane Tower (huang he lou 黃鶴樓). The recipe is listed in the → Han shi yi tong 韓氏醫通 and taken over by LSZ in SE sha cao 莎草. Zhu yuancheng 朱元成 → Zhu Chengyan 朱成言 Zhu Zhen 竺真 → Zhu Fazhen 竺法真 Zhu zheng bian yi 諸證辨疑, “distinguishing doubtful Points about all disease Signs” [6] Comprehensive clinical text. FE Wan juan tang shu mu 萬卷堂書目, “Catalogue of the Hall of Ten-thousand Volumes.” Written by → Wu Qiu 吳球. DC 16th century. 4 juan (AV 5 juan, 6 juan). There are discrepancies in the contents of the extant editions. The book discusses harm caused by cold (shang han 傷寒), miscellaneous diseases, and women’s and children’s diseases along with their differentiation, treatment methods, and the application of pharmaceuticals. It includes many new, personal views of the author himself. The book was rare but LSZ apparently was able to use the original text. Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 (1282-1358) Yuan 元 dynasty medical expert, one of the major figures of the Song-Jin-Yuan 宋金元 medical currents. Style name Yanxiu 彥修, literary name Danxi 丹溪, “Red Creek,” after a small stream near where he lived. Also called Danxi xiansheng 丹溪先生, “Red Creek Gentleman,” by his students. A man of Yi wu 義 烏 in Wu zhou 婺州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. He studied medicine with Luo Zhiti 羅知悌 (→ Luo Taiwu 羅太無) and went on to immerse himself into the teachings of → Liu Wansu 劉完素, → Zhang Congzheng 張從正, and → Li Gao 李杲, which he expanded with his own ideas. Books by Zhu mentioned in the BCGM include the → Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺, the → Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘論, the → Ju fang fa hui 局方發揮, the → Shang han bian yi 傷寒 辨疑, the → Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄, the → Wai ke jing yao xin lun 外科精要 新論, and a → Feng mu wen da 風木問答. After Zhu’s death, relatives, disciples, and other followers composed their own works based on his teachings, which they supplemented and labeled with Zhu’s literary name Danxi. Works of this sort cited in the BCGM include the → Danxi zuan yao 丹溪纂要, the → Danxi yi an 丹溪醫案, two editions called → Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法, the → Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘, a → Danxi huo tao 丹溪活套, and the → Danxi zhai xuan 丹溪摘玄. LSZ refers to Zhu as Zhu Zhenheng [33], Zhenheng 震亨 [216], Danxi [118], Zhu Danxi 朱丹溪 [5], or Yanxiu [1]. Zhu zhenren ling yan pian 朱真人靈驗篇, “Chapter on Numinous Experiences of Zhu the Perfected One” [2] Chapter cited in the Feng ke ji yan ming fang 風科集驗名方, “Famous Collected and Proven Recipes from the [Medical] Discipline Concerned with Wind [Diseases],” from the → Ye ren xian hua 野人閑話. The Ye ren xian hua is an early Song 宋 work, thus the Zhu zhenren ling yan pian probably dates to the Five

687 Dynasties period or before. LSZ cites the same material second hand from the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 and treats the Zhu zhenren ling yan pian as a book title in his bibliographical sections. Zhu Zhong 朱仲 [2] Western Han 漢 legendary Daoist immortal. Tradition has it that he was a disciple of the immortal → Qin Gao 琴髙. An expert in aquatic products, he presented → Han Wu di 漢武帝 with some pearls. Later on, the poet and official → Yan Zhu 嚴助 received some big cowries and the → Xiang bei jing 相貝經 from Zhu Zhong. Zhu Zhongfu 朱仲孚 Yuan 元 or early Ming 明 period person. A man of Wu sheng jun 武勝軍, in the south of present-day Wu sheng 武勝 county in Si chuan 四川. Further details unavailable. According to the → Hai shang fang 海上方, he resorted to mulberry leaves to rinse his eyes because he was suffering from green-blindness. LSZ cites this in SE sang 桑, giving the → Pu ji fang 普濟方 as his source and erroneously writing Zhu’s name Song Zhongfu 宋仲孚 [1]. Zhu zi 朱子, “Master Zhu” (1130-1200) Designation for Zhu Xi 朱熹, the famous Southern Song 宋 philosopher and educationist. Style name Yuanhui 元晦, Zhonghui 仲晦, literary name Hui’an 晦庵, “Dark Hut,” Huiweng 晦翁, “Dark Old Man,” Ziyang 紫陽, “Purple Yang,” posthumous name Wen 文, later known as Zhu Wengong 朱文公, “Zhu the Literary Lord,” or Zhu zi. Originally from Wu yuan 婺源 in Hui zhou 徽州 (now part of Jiang xi 江西), he settled down in Jian yang 建陽 in present-day Fu jian 福建. Jin shi 1148. Zhu Xi held various court posts but was primarily known for his philosophical and literary abilities and his wide-ranging interests in subjects like music, natural science, etc. He was a disciple of Li Dong 李侗 and a fourth-generation disciple of Cheng Hao 程顥 and Cheng Yi 程頤 (→ Cheng zi 程子). Among his many writings are the Chu ci ji shu bian zheng 楚辭集注辨 證, “Investigation of the Collected Annotations to the Chu ci,” (→ Li sao bian zheng 離騷辨證), the Zi zhi tong jian gang mu 資治通鑒綱目, “Outline and Details of the Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Governing,” (→ Tong jian gang mu 通鑒綱目), and other books. Collections of his works include the Hui’an xiansheng Zhu Wengong wen ji 晦庵先生朱文公文集, “Literary Collection of Zhu the Literary Lord, Gentleman Dark Hut,” (→ Zhu zi da quan 朱子大全), the → Hui’an yu lu 晦庵語錄, and others. LSZ refers to Zhu Xi as Zhu zi [6], → Zhu Hui’an 朱晦庵 [2], or as Zhu Wengong [1] but does not always specify which work he is citing. Zhu zi da quan 朱子大全, “Great Compendium of Master Zhu” Southern Song 宋 collection of writings by Zhu Xi 朱熹 (→ Zhu zi 朱子). AN Hui’an xiansheng Zhu Wengong wen ji 晦庵先生朱文公文集, “Literary Collection of Zhu the Literary Lord, Gentleman Dark Hut,” Zhu Wengong wen ji 朱 文公文集, “Literary Collection of Zhu the Literary Lord.” Initially compiled by Zhu Zai 朱在, Zhu Xi’s youngest son, then successively edited and supplemented by others. LSZ lists the work as Zhu zi da quan [1] in his bibliographical sec-

688 tions but does not cite it directly in the main text. He does, however, cite a Bing lang shi 檳榔詩, “Poem on the Betelnut,” [1] and another sentence on bing lang 檳榔, both taken from a poem in the Zhu zi da quan, labeling this material with the name → Zhu Hui’an 朱晦庵 [2]. Whether references to Zhu zi 朱子, “Master Zhu,” [6] or to Zhu Wengong 朱文公 [1] are from this text or from another book by Zhu must be verified for each citation individually. Zhuan 傳, “Commentary” [1] Part of the → Zhou yi 周易, the commentaries on the hexagrams. The → TJBC mentions a Zhuan in a quotation from the → Shi ji 史記 chapter Gui ce zhuan 龜 策傳, “Biographies of Diviners,” and it is the Zhou yi commentaries it is speaking about. LSZ takes this over in SE shi 蓍. Mostly, however, when LSZ writes chuan yun 傳云, this is not a reference to the commentaries of the Zhou yi but a general remark stating “legend has it that….” Zhuan ji 傳記, “Biographies,” “Transmissions” [2] Literary genre. Often texts with actual biographical accounts (also called simply zhuan 傳) but in some cases writings containing information on other things (also called ji zhuan 記傳). For example, the → Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談 states: “The [varieties of ] herbs and trees of Nan zhu 南燭 [India] spoken about in ji zhuan and ben cao [texts] are many.” LSZ takes this over but speaks about “zhuan ji and ben cao [texts].” Also, the preface of the → Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 states: “Based on zhuan ji [texts] of the kai bao 開寶 reign period.” All these are references to such literature in general, not to specific works by any specific author. Zhuang Jiang 莊姜 [1] Female poet of the Spring and Autumn Period, younger sister of the Marquis of Qi 齊 (→ Qi hou 齊侯 ) and wife of the Marquis of Wei 衛, that is, Wei Zhuang gong 衛莊公, “Lord Zhuang of Wei,” (r. 480-478 BCE). Beautiful but childless and unhappy, Zhuang Jiang, according to the → Shi jing 詩經, was greatly pitied by the people of Wei. LSZ claims that the name Qi nü 齊女, “Lady of Qi,” for cicadae goes back to a saying about Zhuang Jiang’s beauty, rejecting another explanation from the → Gu jin zhu 古今注 , which traces the etymology back to a story about → Qi wang hou 齊王后. Zhuang Zhou 莊周 → Zhuang zi 莊子 Zhuang zi 莊子, “Master Zhuang” (c. 369 to 286 BCE)  Zhuang Zhou 莊周 [2], philosopher of the Warring States period. Style name Zi xiu 子休, a man of Meng 蒙 in the state of Song 宋, now part of He nan 河南. He held a minor official post but later started giving lectures and writing. He is attributed the → Zhuang zi 莊子 , which is actually a compilation of material from various periods, not all of it by the historical Zhuang Zhou.  Philosophical text. FE Han shu yi wen zhi 漢書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Han.” Originally 52 chapters, of which only 33 survive today in the annotated version of → Guo Xiang 郭象. Of these 33 chapters, 7 inner chapters (nei pian 内篇) are generally thought to be written by Zhuang zi himself, while the remaining outer chapters (wai pian 外篇) and miscellaneous

689 chapters (za pian 雜篇) are probably the work of Zhuang zi’s disciples or later editors. Still, even some of these later chapters may closely reflect the thinking of Zhuang zi himself. The Zhuang zi is famous for its use of parable and simile and for its elaborate stories told to illustrate its philosophical thinking. LSZ frequently cites the entire text as Zhuang zi [33], listing the Guo Xiang annotated edition as his source in the bibliographical sections. He also refers to the Xu Wugui pian 徐無鬼篇, “Chapter about Xu Wugui,” [1], one of the outer chapters of the text. Zhuge Kongming 諸葛孔明 → Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 (181-234) High official of Han 漢 and the state of Shu 蜀 during the Three Kingdoms period. Style name Kongming 孔明, a man of Yang du 陽都 in Lang ya 琅琊, in the south of present-day Yi nan 沂南 in Shan dong 山東. The Shu zhi 蜀志, “Records of Shu,” (→ San guo zhi 三國志) has his biography. According to the Liu gong jia hua lu 劉公嘉話錄, “Record of Fine Talks with the Honorable Mr. Liu,” (→ Liu Yuxi jia hua lu 劉禹錫嘉話錄), Zhuge Liang proposed to cultivate turnips, hence the people of Shu called turnips “Zhuge vegetable” (Zhuge cai 諸葛 菜). The → Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺 lists “Zhuge Liang chives” (Zhuge Liang jiu 諸葛亮韭), and legend has it that this vegetable was cultivated by Zhuge Liang as well. LSZ cites these stories second hand, referring to Zhuge as Zhuge Liang [1], as Zhuge Kongming 諸葛孔明 [1], and as Kongming [1]. Zhuo Wenjun 卓文君 [1] Western Han 漢 person, the daughter of Zhuo Wangsun 卓王孫 and the wife of → Sima Xiangru 司馬相如. A woman of Lin qiong 臨邛, now Qiong lai 邛 崍 in Si chuan 四川. She is portrayed in the biography of Sima Xiangru in the → Shi ji 史記. LSZ cites a statement of hers in SE yu 芋, which is taken from the Huo zhi lie zhuan 貨殖列傳, “Biographies of Profiteers,” in the Shi ji. However, there the statement is attributed to one of her ancestors instead of Zhuo Wenjun herself. Zhuo yi ji 卓異記, “records of Outstanding and Extraordinary Things” [1] Tang 唐 dynasty book. FE Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang.” Written by → Chen Ao 陳翱. Two 1 juan books of this title are listed in the Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” one by → Li Ao 李翱 and one by Chen Han 陳翰, both names probably textual errors. The book records great events of the Tang court. LSZ lists a Zhuo yi ji in his bibliographical sections but there is no direct reference to it in his main text. Zhuru zi 朱孺子, “Master Zhuru” [2] Daoist immortal from the State of Wu 吳 during the Three Kingdoms period. He is said to have been a man of An gu 安固 in Yong jia 永嘉, now Wen zhou 温 州 in Zhe jiang 浙江. According to legend, he cultivated the Dao in the remote mountains and collected chrysanthemum (ju hua 菊花) atractylodes (zhu 术) and solomon’s seal (huang jing 黃精) to consume preparations made from these

690 substances. Later he took the root of gou qi 枸杞, which enabled him to fly and achieve the Dao. The → Zhen gao 真誥 and the → Xu xian zhuan 續仙傳 record events of his life, which LSZ takes over. Zi 孜 → Chen Zi 陳孜 Zi gong yu nü 紫宮玉女, “Jade Girl of the Purple Palace” [1] Daoist deity. The → Pu ji fang 普濟方 cites a “secret technique of the jade girl of the purple palace” (zi gong yu nü mi fa 紫宮玉女秘法) to transform a woman into a man, but the origin of this material is unclear. The zi gong yu nü mi fa quoted in the Xue shi yi an 薛氏醫案, “Medical Cases of Mr. Xue,” of → Xue Ji 薛己 is identical with material quoted in the → ZLBC from the → Fang shi jing 房室 經. LSZ takes over the ZLBC fragment in SE gong nu xian 弓弩弦 but adds the name Zi gong yu nü to the original text. Zi lin 字林, “Forest of Characters” [9] Lost Jin 晉 dynasty lexicographical text. Written by → Lü Chen 呂忱. The text is based on the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  and is divided into 540 parts with 12,824 characters, thus supplementing the original text with many additional characters. Before Tang 唐 times, the work was of equal authority as the Shuo wen jie zi but was subsequently lost. Later dictionaries and anthologies such as the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and the → Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜 quote the text extensively. LSZ lists the book in his bibliographical sections and cites it second hand from various sources in his main text. Zi ling yuan jun zhuan 紫靈元君傳, “Biography of the Original Sovereign of the Purple Numinosity” Fictitious biography. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The ZLBC cites two recipes from a Zi ling yuan jun Nan yue furen nei chuan 紫靈元君南嶽夫人内傳, “Esoteric Transmission by the Lady of Nan yue, the Original Sovereign of the Purple Numinosity,” the Zi ling yuan jun 紫靈元君 and Nan yue furen 南嶽夫 人 being one and the same person (→ Wei furen 魏夫人). This designation was mistakenly interpolated into the bibliographical sections of the ZLBC by Song 宋 editors, who list both a Zi ling yuan jun zhuan and a Nan yue furen zhuan 南 嶽夫人傳, “Biography of the Lady of Nan yue.” LSZ, following the ZLBC, cites a Zi ling yuan jun zhuan [1] and a → Nan yue Wei furen zhuan 南岳魏夫人傳 in his bibliography. He also cites a Nan yue furen zi ling Wei yuan jun fang 南岳夫人 紫靈魏元君方, “Recipe of the Lady of Nan yue, the Original Sovereign Wei of the Purple Numinosity,” [1] in his main text, and there is another reference to a longevity pill attributed to Wei yuan jun 魏元君, which apparently also belongs to this tradition. Zi mu lu 子母錄 → Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄 Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄, “Secret records about Children and Mothers” Lost Tang 唐 dynasty collection of obstetric and pediatric recipes. FE Tong zhi yi wen lüe 通志藝文略, “Brief Bibliography of the Comprehensive Treatises,” with → Xu Renze 許仁則 as the author; Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song,” with an otherwise unknown →

691 Zhang Jie 張杰 as the author. LSZ accepts the latter assignment. Both authors were Tang 唐 figures. 10 juan. Many recipes from the book are preserved in the → ZLBC, and LSZ cites these second hand, referring to the book as Zi mu mi lu [111], Mi lu 秘錄, “Secret Records,” [13], Zi mu mi lu fang 子母秘錄方, “Recipes from the Secret Records about Children and Mothers,” [1], Zi mu lu 子母 錄, “Records of Children and Mothers,” [1], as Mi lu fang 秘錄方, “Recipes from the Secret Records,” [1], and by the name of the author alone as Zhang Jie [1]. Zi mu mi lu fang 子母秘錄方 → Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄 Zi ran lun 自然論, “discourse on Nature” [2] Lost, anonymous text. Cited in the → Pi ya 埤雅, so it must be a Song 宋 or pre-Song text. LSZ cites the work second hand and lists it as a separate book in his bibliographical sections. Zi sheng jing 資生經, “Classic of Supporting Life” [6] Abbreviation for the Zhen jiu zi sheng jing 針灸資生經, “Classic of Supporting Life by Needling and Burning,” a Song 宋 dynasty acumoxa text. FE Jun zhai du shu fu zhi 郡齋讀書附志, “Appended Catalogue of Books Read at the Prefectural Study.” Written by → Wang Zhizhong 王執中. DC c. 1180-1195. 7 juan. The text includes 360 points classified by therapeutic function. It collects theoretical information from various authorities and adds the author’s personal opinions as explanations. There are also some medical recipes in the annotations. Zi shuo 字説, “Elucidation of Characters” Song 宋 dynasty lexicographical text. FE Song shi yi wen zhi 宋史藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the History of the Song.” Written by → Wang Anshi 王 安石. DC 1080. 20 juan. The book marks a departure from the traditional lexicographical classification of the “six categories of characters” (liu shu 六書) proposed in the → Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字  and other dictionaries. Instead, Wang started from an entirely new perspective, analyzing all characters as if they were based on the ideographic principle (hui yi 會意). Even though this method was criticized as a strained way of interpretation during Song times, due to Wang’s political position his ideas were still tremendously influential. Thus, works such as the → Pi ya 埤雅 and the Zi shuo jie 字説解, “Explanation of the Zi shuo,” were strongly influenced by Wang’s work. The original text is lost, but it was cited extensively by later authors. LSZ frequently uses material from the Zi shuo in the “explanations of names” passages of his drug monographs. He refers to the text as Zi shuo [18], as Wang shi zi shuo 王氏字説, “Mr. Wang’s Elucidation of Characters,” [3], or by the name of the author alone as Wang Anshi [1]. Zigai 子蓋 → Fan Zigai 樊子蓋 Zigao 子羔 → Rongcheng Zigao 容成子羔 Zihe 子和 → Zhang Congzheng 張從正 Zinan 子南 → Liu Zinan 劉子南 Zirong 子容 → Su Song 蘇頌

692 Ziting zhenren 紫庭真人, “Perfected One of the Purple Palace” [1] Legendary immortal. According to a Ji xian lu 集仙錄, “Collected Records of Immortals,” quoted in the → Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記, he was granted the literary name Ziting zhenren by culture hero Yu 禹 (→ Da Yu 大禹), following their taming of the floods. In SE hui chong·蛔蟲, LSZ quotes a discourse of the Ziting zhenren on the “nine bugs” (jiu chong 九蟲) but does not specify his source. Ziwei furen 紫微夫人, “Lady of the Purple Tenuity” [1] Legendary Daoist immortal. The 24th daughter of the Queen Mother of the West (→ Xi wang mu 西王母), she was called Wang Qing’e 王清娥, style name Yuyin 愈音, and resided at the Palace of Purple Tenuity (zi wei gong 紫微宮), thus the name Ziwei furen. A Zhu xu 术序, “Introduction to Taking Atractylodes,” (→ Ziwei furen zhu xu 紫微夫人术序) is associated with her. Ziwei furen zhu xu 紫微夫人术序, “Introduction to Taking atractylodes by the Lady of the Purple Tenuity” [1] Essay associated with the → Ziwei furen 紫微夫人 from juan 6 of the Liang 梁 era → Zhen gao 真誥 of → Tao Hongjing 陶弘景, which discusses immortals and pills of longevity. The → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 cites a Zhu xu 术序, “Introduction to Taking Atractylodes,” by the Ziwei furen from a Xian jing 仙經, “Classic of Immortals.” Just before this paragraph there is another citation from a → Tu na jing 吐納經, therefore LSZ erroneously refers the Ziwei furen zhu xu material to that work. Ziyu 子郁→ Li Yanwen 李言聞 Zixu fu 子虛賦, “rhapsody of Zixu” Western Han 漢 fu 賦 written by → Sima Xiangru 司馬相如. This somewhat ambiguous poem of praise to emperor → Han Wu di 漢武帝 is comprised of the discussion and mutual reproaches among three characters called Zixu 子虛, “Master Emptiness,” Wuyou xiansheng 烏有先生, “Gentleman Nothing,” and Wangshi gong 亡是公, “Lord Nonesuch.” The first (earlier) part describes the abundance in the parks of Chu 楚 and Qi 齊 while the second (later) part narrates the events during a grand hunt of the emperor. The entire text is preserved in the author’s biography in the → Shi ji 史記 and → Han shu 漢書. The → Wen xuan 文選 divided it into two parts, preserving the original name for the first part while calling the second → Shang lin fu 上林賦. LSZ cites the poem as Zixu fu [1], as Sima Xiangru fu 司馬相如賦, “Rhapsody of Sima Xiangru,” [1], or as Xiangru fu 相如賦, “Rhapsody of Xiangru,” [3] in his main text. He also specifies some references as Shang lin fu [9]. Zong bing lun 總病論 → Shang han zong bing lun 傷寒總病論 Zong dingbo 宗定伯. [1] Jin 晉 dynasty person. A man of Nan yang 南陽 in present-day He nan 河南. According to the → Sou shen ji 搜神記, he once spat on a demon who then turned into a sheep, which Zong was able to sell on the market. The story is

693 quoted in the Huang shi ri chao 黃氏日抄, “Daily Notes of Mr. Huang,” (→ Ci xi ri chao 慈溪日鈔) and taken over by LSZ in SE kou jin tuo 口津唾. Zong gui 總龜 → Zong gui dui lei 總龜對類 Zong gui dui lei 總龜對類, “General Compendium of Couplet Categories” [1] Name of a book. See bibliography of the BCGM. Attributed to an unidentifiable → Xu shi 徐氏 . Further details unavailable. LSZ lists the book as Zong gui dui lei [1] in his bibliographical sections and cites one fragment from a Zong gui 總龜, “General Compendium,” [1] in the main text, but the origin of his material is uncertain. Zong Lin 宗懍 (c. 501-565) [7] Liang 梁 dynasty high official. Style name Yuanlin 元懍, a man of Nie yang 涅 陽 in Nan yang 南陽, now the northeast of Deng xian 鄧縣 in He nan 河南. He was promoted to various ministerial posts under the Liang but later went over to Northern Zhou 周, where he held high military posts. He has a literary collection of 20 juan and was the author of the → Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記. Zong lu 總錄 → Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄 Zong lu fang 總錄方 → Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄 Zong wei 總微 → Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論 Zong wei lun 總微論 → Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論 Zong Ze 宗澤 (1060-1128) [1] Song 宋 dynasty high official. Style name Rulin 汝霖, a man of Yi wu 義烏 in Wu zhou 婺州, now part of Zhe jiang 浙江. Jin shi 1091. The → Song shi 宋史 has his biography and credits Zong Ze with knowing the reasons for the production of niu huang 牛黃. Zongshi 宗奭 → Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Zou heshang 鄒和尚 [1] Tang 唐 dynasty monk. According to the → Tang shuang pu 糖霜譜, he lived during the da li 大歷 reign period (766-779). Further details about his life are unavailable. Legend has it that once his donkey destroyed the seedlings of someone’s sugarcane plants. As a recompensation, Zou taught him how to prepare sugar. Another legend identifies him as an incarnation of the Bodhisattva Wenshu 文殊 (Manjushri). LSZ refers to him in SE shi mi 石蜜. Zou Lang 鄒閬 [1] Northern Song 宋 person. A man of Chi zhou 池州, now Gui chi 貴池 in An hui 安徽, jin shi. According to the → Mu fu yan xian lu 幕府燕閑錄, he had the courage to swallow a jin can 金蠶. Zu Chongzhi 祖沖之 (429-500) [1] Southern Dynasties mathematician and astronomer. Style name Wenyuan 文遠, a man of Qiu 遒 in Fan yang 範陽, now Lai shui 淶水 in He bei 河北 (AV of Ji 薊, now Bei jing 北京). He served the Liu Song 劉宋 and Qi 齊 dynasties and was the first Chinese mathematician to calculate two approximation ratios to π

694 (pi). Author of the mathematical classic Zhui shu 綴術, “The Art of Connecting,” and a → Shu yi ji 述異記 . Zu Taizhi 祖臺之 [2] Eastern Jin 晉 official, the great-grandfather of → Zu Chongzhi 祖沖之. Style name Yuanchen 元辰, a man of Fan yang 範陽, now Zhuo xian 涿縣 in He bei 河北. He served the emperors Xiao Wu di 孝武帝 and An di 安帝 (r. 373-418) and held various court offices. Author of a Zu Taizhi ji 祖臺之集, “Collection of Zu Taizhi,” and the → Zhi guai 志怪. Zu Ting 祖珽 [1] Eastern Wei 魏 and Northern Qi 齊 official, fl. mid-6th century. Style name Xiaowei 孝徴, a man of Di dao 狄道 in Fan yang 範陽, now Lin tao 臨洮 in Gan su 甘肅. The Bei Qi shu 北齊書, “History of Northern Qi,” has his biography. It reports that when he was imprisoned, the fumes of a lamp fed with turnip seeds oil affected his eyes, and he lost his eyesight. LSZ cites this in SE wu qing 蕪菁. Zuan qi fang 纂奇方, “Edited Extraordinary recipes” [2] Lost, anonymous medical recipe book. Possibly compiled by a Ming 明 period physician. No further details available. LSZ does not list the work in his bibliographical sections but cites it in his main text. This book may be identical with the → Zuan yao qi fang 纂要奇方. Zuan wen 纂文, “a Compilation of Script” [4] Lost Liu Song 劉宋 lexicographical text. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經 籍志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang,” see also the biography of the author → He Chengtian 何承天 in the → Song shu 宋書. 3 juan. The book’s contents are extensive and include explanations of a large numbers of nouns. Fragments are quoted in the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 and other books. The → ZLBC also cites the text, but LSZ takes his material from other works. He cites the title in his bibliographical sections and second hand in the main text when discussing the naming of medicinals. Zuan yao 纂要 → Zuan yao fang 纂要方 Zuan yao fang 纂要方, “Edited Essential recipes” Tang 唐 dynasty medical recipe book. FE Jiu Tang shu jing ji zhi 舊唐書經籍 志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the Old History of the Tang.” AN Cui shi zuan yao fang 崔氏纂要方, “Edited Essential Recipes of Mr. Cui.” Written by → Cui Zhiti 崔知悌. The Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi 新唐書藝文志, “Bibliographic Treatise in the New History of the Tang,” attributes the work to → Cui Xinggong 崔行功, and later books (including the BCGM) follow this opinion. Modern research, by contrast, considers Cui Zhiti the real author of the work. 10 juan. The text is now lost, but fragments are quoted in the → Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘 要方 and the → ZLBC. LSZ quotes the work as Zuan yao fang [5], as Zuan yao 纂要, “Editing the Essentials,” [5], as Cui shi zuan yao fang [1], Cui shi zuan yao 崔氏纂要, “Editing the Essentials of Mr. Cui,” [5], or simply using the assumed author’s name as Cui Xinggong [1]. One reference to a → Xiao er fang 小兒方  of Cui Xinggong is also taken from this book. In addition, LSZ quotes a → Cui

695 shi 崔氏, “Mr. Cui,” [10] or a Cui shi fang 崔氏方, “Mr. Cui’s Recipes,” [17], but without any time period or book title added, these references remain uncertain. Zuan yao qi fang 纂要奇方, “Edited Essential and Extraordinary recipes” Lost, anonymous medical recipe book. See bibliography of the BCGM. DC and size uncertain. Ming 明 or Qing 清 bibliographies don’t list any book of this name, and LSZ seems to be the only author to mention the title. He cites the work as Zuan yao qi fang [5] in his bibliographical sections and the main text, and references to a → Zuan qi fang 纂奇方 [2] may be to this text as well. Zuo Ci 左慈 Late Eastern Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士) and major (at least partly legendary) figure of Han Daoism. Style name Yuanfang 元放, a man of Lu jiang 廬江, now Qian shan 潜山 in An hui 安徽. Many miraculous stories about him are transmitted, e.g., in the → Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 and his biography in the → Hou Han shu 後漢書 . Zuo Ci is said to have been the teacher of Ge Xuan 葛玄, the paternal ancestor of → Ge Hong 葛洪. Many books were later written under his name which include the → Zuo Ci mi jue 左慈秘訣. Zuo Ci mi jue 左慈秘訣, “Secret Instructions of Zuo Ci” [2] Lost, anonymous book. See bibliography of the → ZLBC. The title refers to → Zuo Ci 左慈, a late Eastern Han 漢 master of recipes (fang shi 方士). The ZLBC quotes one fragment, and LSZ takes this over, citing the book in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Zuo gui pin 左貴嬪 (died 300) [2] This is Zuo Fen 左芬 (AV Zuo Fen 左棻), imperial concubine of → Jin Wu di 晉武帝 and China’s earliest female poet. A person of Lin zi 臨淄 in the state of Qi 齊, now Zi bo 淄博 in Shang dong 山東. She was the younger sister of literatus → Zuo Si 左思 and had a talent in writing fu 賦 poetry and other texts. In 272 she was made Lady of Cultivated Deportment (xiu yi 修儀) and from then on frequently received imperial orders to write texts. When Emperor Wu di obtained local products or other interesting objects, he had Zuo gui pin compose rhapsodies or odes about them. Author of a now lost → Zuo gui pin ji 左貴嬪集, cited second hand by LSZ. Zuo gui pin ji 左貴嬪集, “Collection of Zuo gui pin” Lost Western Jin 晉 literary collection. See bibliography of the → Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Written by Zuo Fen 左芬 (→ Zuo gui pin 左貴嬪). Size uncertain. Fragments are found in various Tang 唐 and Song 宋 books. LSZ lists the book as Zuo gui pin ji in his bibliographical sections and cites one individual poem from it, the Yu jin song 郁金頌, “Ode on Turmeric Root,” [1], second hand from the → Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 in the main text. Zuo meng lu 昨夢錄, “record of a dream of yesterday” [5] Southern Song 宋 collection of brush notes (bi ji 筆記). EE → Shuo fu 説郛. Written by Kang Yuzhi 康與之 (AV in the Shuo fu → Kang Yuzhi 康譽之). DC 1st half of the 12th century. 1 juan. The book is devoted to Northern Song anecdotes. Only few copies were transmitted in the following generations, but the

696 Shuo fu preserves large parts of it. LSZ cites the text second hand from there in his bibliographical sections and the main text. Zuo shi 左氏, “Mr. Zuo” (6th to 5th century BCE?) [1] Designation for Zuo Qiuming 左丘明 (AV Zuo Qiuming), Spring and Autumn period court writer. A man of the state of Lu 魯, who held a post as an official historiographer. Zuo lived during the time of Confucius (→ Kong zi 孔子) or before and is traditionally considered the author of the → Zuo zhuan 左傳 and the → Guo yu 國語. Zuo shi guo yu 左氏國語 → Guo yu 國語 Zuo Si 左思 (c. 250-305) [8] Western Jin 晉 literatus. Style name Taichong 太沖, a man of Lin zi 臨淄 in the state of Qi 齊, now Zi bo 淄博 in Shan dong 山東. He held a court office but later retired and devoted himself to a humble life. Author of the → San du fu 三都 賦, which is said to have been copied so many times by the powerful and wealthy people of Luo yang that this led to a rise of the paper price. LSZ cites the San du fu and individual poems from it. Zuo Si fu 左思賦 → San du fu 三都賦 Zuo Zhongshu 左仲恕 [1] Ming 明 dynasty physician. Details about his life are unavailable. He is criticised in the → Dou zhen guan jian 痘疹管見 for using a powder prepared from human teeth to cure smallpox sores that have assumed a black color and entered the kidneys. LSZ cites this second hand in SE ya chi 牙齒. Zuo zhuan 左傳, “Tradition of Zuo” Ancient “commentary” or rather a parallel version to the → Chun qiu 春秋, one of the Confucian classics. AN Chun qiu Zuo shi zhuan 春秋左氏傳, “The Spring and Autumn Annals and the Tradition of Mr. Zuo,” Zuo shi chun qiu 左氏春秋, “Mr. Zuo’s Spring and Autumn Annals.” Traditionally attributed to Zuo Qiuming 左丘明 (→ Zuo shi 左氏) of the Spring and Autumn period, but probably compiled during the early Warring States period on the basis of historical material. 30 juan. The text, to match the Chun qiu, begins with events of 722 BCE but continues to 464 BCE, 17 years later than the Spring and Autumn period. There are even references to as late as 454 BCE. The Zuo zhuan records the same events as the Chun qiu but is far more detailed and narrative. In contrast to other major commentaries to the Spring and Autumn Annals such as the Gong yang zhuan 公羊傳, “Commentary by Gongyang [Gao],” and the Guliang zhuan 谷梁傳, “Commentary by Guliang [Chi],” which present a distinctly moral interpretation, the Zuo zhuan expands the Chun qiu with factual information on political and military events of the time (which is nevertheless not free of the author’s critical commentary). It is therefore an immensely important source for ancient history. The text of the Zuo zhuan is usually printed together with the Chun qiu as one of the thirteen Confucian classics. There is a Western Jin 晉 commentary by → Du Yu 杜預, the Chun qiu Zuo shi jing zhuan ji jie 春秋左氏經傳集

697 解, “Collected Explanations of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Classical Tradition of Mr. Zuo,” which LSZ lists as → Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu 春秋 左傳注疏 in his bibliography. In the main text of the BCGM, LSZ refers to the original work as Zuo zhuan [22] but also to the commentary as Zuo zhuan zhu 左傳注, “Notes to the Zuo zhuan,” [2] or to the name of the commentator Du Yu [1] alone. Zuo zhuan zhu 左傳注 → Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu 春秋左傳注疏, → Zuo zhuan 左傳

III. aPPENdICES

Appendix A Chinese Dynasties dynasty Zhou

Period

Capital

1046 - 256 BCE Feng jing and Hao jing (in today’s Xi an, Shaan xi)



Western Zhou

1046 - 771 BCE



Eastern Zhou

770 - 256 BCE Luo yi (today’s Luo yang)

‐ Spring and Autumn period

770 - 476 BCE

‐ Warring States period 475 - 221 BCE

Qin

221 - 207 BCE

Han

202 BCE 220 CE

Xian yang (in today’s Xian yang and Xian of Shaan xi)



Western Han

202 BCE 9 CE

Chang’an (today’s Xi an)



Xin Dynasty

9 - 23

Chang’an (today’s Xi an)



Eastern Han

25 - 220

Luo yang

702

Three Kingdoms

220 - 280



Kingdom of Wei

220 - 265

Luo yang



Kingdom of Shu

221 - 263

Cheng du



Kingdom of Wu

222 - 280

Jian ye (today’s Nan jing, Jiang su)

Jin

265 - 420



Western Jin

265 - 316

Luo yang



Eastern Jin

317 - 420

Jian kang (Nan jing, Jiang su)



Sixteen Kingdoms

304 - 439

Southern and Northern dynasties

420 - 589

Southern Dynasties

420 - 589

‐ Song

420 - 479

Jian kang (today’s Nan jing)

‐ Qi

479 - 502

Jian kang (Nan jing)

‐ Liang

502 - 557

Jian kang (Nan jing)

‐ Chen

557 - 589

Jian kang (Nan jing)

Northern Dynasties

386 - 581

‐ Northern Wei

386 - 534

‐ Eastern Wei

534 - 550

Ye cheng (in Lin zhang, Handan, He bei)

‐ Western Wei

535 - 557

Chang’an (today’s Xi an)

‐ Northern Qi

550 - 577

Ye cheng (in Lin zhang, Handan, He bei)

‐ Northern Zhou

557 - 581

Chang’an (today’s Xi an)

581 - 618

Da xing (in today’s Xi an, Shaan xi); Luo yang





Sui

Ping cheng (today’s Da tong, Shan xi); Luo yang

703

Tang

618 - 907

Five dynasties and Ten States

Chang’an (today’s Xi an); Luo yang

907 - 960

Bian liang (Kai feng, He nan); Luo yang

‐ Later Liang

907 - 923

Bian liang (Kai feng)

‐ Later Tang

923 - 936

Luo yang

‐ Later Jin

936 - 946

Bian liang (Kai feng)

‐ Later Han

947 - 950

Bian liang (Kai feng)

‐ Later Zhou

951 - 960

Bian liang (Kai feng)

Ten States

902 - 979



Song

960 - 1279



Northern Song

960 - 1127

Bian jing (Kai feng)



Southern Song

1127 - 1279

Nan jing (today’s Shang qiu, He nan); Lin’an (Hang zhou)

Shang jing (Baarin Left Banner, Chi feng, Inner Mongolia)

Liao

907 - 1125

Western Xia dynasty

1038 - 1227

Jin

1115 - 1234

Hui ning (Harbin, Hei long jiang); Zhong du (today’s Bei jing); Bian jing (Kai feng)

yuan

1271 - 1368

Da du (today’s Bei jing)

Ming

1368 - 1644

Ying tian (today’s Nan jing, Jiang su); Shun tian (today’s Bei jing)

Qing

1644 - 1911

Bei jing

Xing qing (today’s Yin chuan, Ning xia)

Appendix B Index of Substance Entry (SE) in Alphabetical Order Note: 1. The earlier a text mentioning pharmaceutical substances was compiled, the less certain one can be that today’s botanical identification of a substance applies. 2. The botanical species given in the following list may not include all species covered by a Chinese plant name. Here only the most common identifications are provided as a first hint at the nature of a pharmaceutical substance mentioned in connection with a person’s treatment or literary source. 3. Substances of animal origin are given with their vernacular meaning. 4. Minerals are listed with their English names rather than chemical formulas wherever possible. bai bi

敗筆

Used writing brush made of rabbit fur

bai tian gong

敗天公

Used bamboo hat

ban jiu

斑鳩

Turtle dove

bian fu

蝙蝠

Bat

bu hui mu

不灰木

Asbestos

cang zhu

蒼术

Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC

chen sha

辰砂

Cinnabar

ci shi

磁石

Magnetite

ci xu

髭須

Moustache

706 cong

蔥

Allium fistulosum L.

cong bai

蔥白

Stalk of Allium fistulosum L.

cu huang shi

粗黃石

Raw calcite

da liao

大料

Illicium verum Hook. F.

da suan

大蒜

Allium sativum L.

deng hua

燈花

Burned wick of a candle

deng zhan

燈盞

oil lamp

di huang

地黄

er gou

耳垢

Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch et Mey.

feng xian

鳳仙

Impatiens balsamina L.

fu ling

茯苓

Poria cocos [Schw.] Wolf

fu ping

浮萍

Lemna minor L.

gan lan

橄欖

Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.

ge

鴿

Pigeon

gong nu xian

弓弩弦

Bowstring

hai ta

海獺

Sea otter

han ju

寒具

Stir fried food made of glutinous rice

han shan

汗衫

Garment with sweat

hong teng

紅藤

huang tu

黃土

Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliver) Rehder & E.H.Wilson

hui chong

蛔蟲

Roundworm, ascaris

ji chang cao

雞腸草

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry

ji she xiang

雞舌香

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry

jia xiang

甲香

jiang mang

茳芒

Fragrance made up of the operculum of a Veined rapa whelk

jin ying cao

金英草

Earwax

Yellow soil

Cassia sophera L.

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.)

707 jing mian cao

鏡面草

Pilea peperomioides Diels

li ri

歷日

Calendar

lian que

練鵲

Small mynah like bird

lie jie

烈節

Unidentified herb

lin qin

林檎

Malus asiatica Nakai

lin she

鱗蛇

Four legged scale snake

liu huang

硫磺

Sulphur

liu ji nu

劉寄奴

Artemisia anomala S. Moore

lü dou

綠豆

Phaseolus radiatus L.

lü e mei

綠蕚梅

Armeniaca mume Sieb.

lü fan

綠礬

Melanterite

luan fa

亂發

Human hair

luo bo

蘿卜

Raphanus sativus L.

luo yan cao

螺厴草

Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C. Presl

mang xiao

芒消

Niter

mian

綿

Silk floss

mu bie ren

木鱉仁

mu tou hui

墓頭回

Seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.

nie mi

糵米

niu bang

牛蒡

Arctium lappa L.

pi xue

皮鞾

Leather boot

qian cao

蕁草

Urtica cannabina L.

qian niu zi

牽牛子

Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy

qiang huo

羌活

Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang

qing hao du chong

青蒿蠹蟲

Sweet wormwood moth

qing mu xiang

青木香

aucklandia lappa Decne

Patrinia heterophylla Bunge ssp. angustifolia (Hemsl.) H. J. Wang Sprout of Setaria itlica (L.) Beauv.

708 qing pi

青皮

Peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco

ren jing

人精

Human male sperma

ren rou

人肉

Human flesh

ren shi

人虱

Human lice

ren zhong bai

人中白

Urine sediments

rong yan

戎鹽

Halite

sang du chong

桑蠹虫

Mulberry-tree moth

sang hu

桑鳸

Eoponia personata magnirostris Hartert

shao cao, xiang fu zi

莎草香附子 Cyperus rotundus L.

sha mu

杉木

Cunninghamia lanceoloata (Lambt.) Hook

shan li zi

山李子

Berberis heteropoda Schrenk

shan yao

山藥

Dioscorea polystachya L.

shui yin fen

水銀粉

Calomel

si ren zhen xi

死人枕席

Dead person‘s pillow mat

song

鬆

Various types of Pinus

song luo

鬆蘿

Usnea diffracta Vain.

song zhi

鬆脂

Colophony; pine resin

suo cao xiang fu zi

莎草香附子 Cyperus rotundus L.

tai yang tu

太陽土

Soil facing the sun

tan huan

檀桓

Root of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht

tian ling gai

天靈蓋

Human skull top

tong

銅

Copper

tou jin

頭巾

Head scarf

tu

兔

Rabbit

wo cai

萵菜

Lactuca sativa L.

wo niu

蝸牛

Snail

wu

鹜

Duck

709 wu gu wa

烏古瓦

Ancient black tile

wu jia pi

五加皮

wu mei

烏梅

Root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W. Smith

xian

蜆

Corbicula fluminea Müller

xu yu

鱮魚

Silver carp

xun lu xiang

薰陸香

ya chi

牙齒

Frankincense, resin of Boswellia carteri Birdw. and other B. spp

yan zhi

燕脂

Rouge

yi mu cao

益母草

Leonurus japonicus Houtt.

ying zi su

罌子粟

Papaver somniferum L.

yu hu

雨虎

A kind of caddis fly

yu yu liang

禹餘糧

yuan

蚖

1. Limonitum, 2. Carex kobomugi Ohwi; Carex macrocephala Willd., Sedge. Cyperaceae.

yun shi

雲師

Cesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston

yun tai

蕓薹

Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC

zao bing mu

鑿柄木

Wooden chisel handle

zhe

柘

Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur.

zhong kui

鍾馗

Unidentified mushroom

zhou

粥

Porridges

zhu ji

竹雞

Bamboo pheasant

zhu sha

朱砂

Cinnabar

zhu shui you du

諸水有毒

All types of poisonous waters

zhu ti

鱁鮧

Fish swim bladder

Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.

Human teeth

A kind of pit viper

710

711

Appendix C List of Entries of Names of Persons

a Ai di 哀帝

Bao Hui 包會

Aizhu 愛竹

Aizhu weng 愛竹翁 An Jincang 安金藏

An Lushan 安祿山

An Qisheng 安期生 Ang Shu 卬疏

Bai Juyi 白居易

Bai Letian 白樂天

Bao Ji 包佶

Bao Jiming 鮑季明

Bao Jingxian 鮑景翔 Bao shi 包氏 Bao shi 鮑氏

Bao xian yin 鮑縣尹

B Bai Feixia 白飛霞

Bao Chu 鮑出 Bao Er 寶毦

Ai Sheng 艾晟

Ba gong 八公

Ban Gu 班固

Bao Yunlong 鮑雲龍 → Bao Jingxian 鮑景翔 Baolin zhenren 寶林真人 Baosheng 保昇

Bei Qi Cui shi 北齊崔氏

Bei Zhou Wu di 北周武帝

712 Bi shi 畢氏

Bi Zhongxun 畢仲荀 → Bi shi 畢氏 Bian 扁

Bian He 卞和 → Bian Shi 卞氏 Bian Que 扁鵲

Cai Shen 蔡沈 → Cai Jiufeng 蔡九峰 Cai shi 蔡氏

Cai Tao 蔡絛

Cai Xiang 蔡襄

Cai yi bo 蔡醫博 Cai Yong 蔡邕

Bian Shi 卞氏

Cai yu yi 蔡御醫

Bie Ling 鱉靈

Cai Zongyan 蔡宗顏

Bie ren 鱉人

Cang gong 倉公

Bifeng 筆峰

Cangqi 藏器

Bing 炳

Cangyong 藏用

Binhu 瀕湖

Bo si shi zhe 波斯使者

Cao Cao 曹操 → Wei Wu di 魏武帝

Boqi 伯奇

Cao Kuan 曹寬

Bo Yan 伯顔 Boyu 伯玉

Bukong sanzang 不空三藏 Buzha‘er 布扎爾 → Bu zhi er 布智兒 Buzhi‘er 布智兒

C Cai Bangdu 蔡邦度 Cai da yin 蔡大尹

Cai Dadao 蔡達道

Cai heshang 蔡和尚 Cai Jing 蔡京

Cai Jiufeng 蔡九峰 Cai Lun 蔡倫 Cai Mo 蔡謨

Cai Qi 蔡啟 → Cai shi 蔡氏

Cao Gongzhuo 曹公卓 Cao Pi 曹毗

Cao Pi 曹丕 → Wei Wendi 魏文帝 Cao Shuya 曹叔雅 Cao Xian 曹憲

Cao Xiaozhong 曹孝忠 Cao Zhao 曹昭 Cao Zhi 曹植

Cao Zijian 曹子建 Caochuang 草窗 Cen Can 岑參

Cen gong 岑公

Chai Jiang zhu ming yi 柴蔣諸名醫 Chang Qizhi 常器之

Chang Qu 常璩   → Hua yang guo zhi 華陽國志

Chang Sangjun 長桑君

Chang Yingshi 常穎士 → Chang Qizhi 常器之

713 Chang Zizheng 常子正

Chen Pengnian 陳彭年

Chao fu 巢父

Chen Qichang 陳祈暢

Changsun Wuji 長孫無忌 Chao shi 巢氏 Chao shi 晁氏

Chao Shuozhi 晁説之 → Chao Yidao 晁以道

Chao Yidao 晁以道

Chao Yuanfang 巢元方 Che cu 硩蔟

Che cu shi 硩蔟氏 Chen Ao 陳翱

Chen Po 陳坡

Chen Renyu 陳仁玉 Chen Rihua 陳日華 Chen shi 陳氏

Chen shi lang 陳侍郎

Chen Shiliang 陳士良

Chen Shixian 陳仕賢   → Jing yan ji shi fang 經驗濟世方 Chen Shou 陳壽

Chen Baisha 陳白沙

Chen Si 陳思   → Hai tang pu 海棠譜

Chen Bian 陳抃

Chen Tong 陳通

Chen Cangqi 陳藏器

Chen Wuze 陳無擇

Chen Beishan 陳北山

Chen Ting 陳霆

Chen cang ren 陳倉人

Chen Wenzhong 陳文中

Chen Cheng 陳承

Chen Xianzhang 陳獻章 → Chen Baisha 陳白沙

Chen Fengyuan 陳逢原

Chen Fuliang 陳傅良 → Chen Zhizhai 陳止齋 Chen gong 陳公

Chen Gong 陳拱

Chen Guangshu 陳光述 Chen Han 陳翰   → Yi wen ji 異聞記

Chen Jiamo 陳嘉謨

Chen jie yuan Jiyan 陳解元吉言 Chen Jingchu 陳景初

Chen Jiyan 陳吉言 → Chen jie yuan Jiyan 陳解元吉言 Chen Kongshuo 陳孔碩   → Chen Beishan 陳北山 Chen Liangfu 陳良甫 Chen Linqiu 陳廩丘

Chen Xiang 陳相   → Bai gan lu 百感錄 Chen Xun 陳巽

Chen Xun yan 陳巽言 Chen Xunchu 陳巽處 Chen Yan 陳言

Chen Yanhe 陳彥和

Chen Yanxiu 陳彥修 → Chen shi lang 陳侍郎 Chen Yanzhi 陳延之 Chen Yifu 陳宜父

Chen Yingzhi 陳應之 Chen Yu 陳輿

Chen Yu 陳昱 → Chen Rihua 陳日華

714 Chen Yuangui 陳元桂 → Chen Zhengjie 陳正節

Chen Yuanliang 陳元靚 Chen Yutian 陳玉田

Chen Zhengjie 陳正節

Chen Zhengmin 陳正敏 Chen Zhi 陳直

Chen zhi hui 陳指揮

Chen Zhizhai 陳止齋

Chen zhou zuo shi 郴州左史 Chen Zhu 陳翥 Chen Zi 陳孜

Chen Zi’ang 陳子昂

Chen Zihuang 陳子皇 Chen Ziming 陳自明

Chengtian daoshi 承天道士 Chengzhai 誠齋

Chi ba shi 赤犮氏 Chi fu shi 赤祓氏 Chi shi 翨氏

Chi You 蚩尤 Chifu 赤斧

Chijiao Zhang 赤腳張

Chisong xiansheng 赤松先生 Chisong zi 赤松子

Chonghe xiansheng 沖和先生 Chou chan shi 稠禪師 Chu Cheng 褚澄

Chu Hui wang 楚惠王

Chen Zizhen 陳子真

Chu Shao sun 褚少孫 → Chu xian sheng 褚先生

Cheng 承

Chu wang 楚王

Chen zong ling 陳總領 Cheng 澄

Cheng Chong 程充

Cheng Gongsui 成公綏 Cheng Huqing 程虎卿

Cheng Jiong 程迥 → Cheng Shasui 程沙隨 Cheng Na 成納 Cheng Ne 成訥

Cheng Shasui 程沙隨 Cheng shi 成氏 Cheng shi 程氏

Cheng Tang 成湯

Chu shi 褚氏

Chu Wenzi 楚文子

Chu xiansheng 褚先生 Chu Yong 儲詠 Chu Yong 儲泳

Chu Yushi 初虞世

Chu zhou Wu yi 處州吳醫 Chunyu Kun 淳於髡 Chunyu Yi 淳於意

Ciyun shigong 慈雲式公 Cinggis-qan 成吉思汗 → Tai zu 太祖

Cheng Wuji 成無己

Confucius → Kong zi 孔子

Cheng zi 程子

Cui 崔

Cheng Xian 乘閒

Congzheng 從正

Chengliang 承亮

Cui Bao 崔豹

715

d

Cui Chengyuan 崔承元 Cui ci shi 崔給事

Cui Congzhi 崔從質

Cui Congzhi yuan wai 崔從質員外  → Cui Congzhi 崔從質 Cui Fang 崔昉

Cui feng guo 崔奉國

Cui Guan 崔瓘 → Cui zhong cheng 崔中丞 Cui Hao 崔浩

Cui Hong 崔鴻 → Shi liu guo chun qiu 十六國春秋 Cui Kang 崔抗

Cui lang zhong 崔郎中 Cui shang shu 崔尚書 Cui shi 崔氏

Cui Shi 崔寔

Cui Wei gong 崔魏公 Cui Wu 崔務

Cui Xinggong 崔行功

Cui Xuan 崔鉉 → Cui Wei gong 崔魏公

Da Ming 大明 Da Qing 達卿

Da wang jun 大王君 → Wang jun 王君 Da Yu 大禹

Dai Guyu 戴古渝

Dai Junfu 戴君孚   → Guang yi ji 廣異記 Dai Kaizhi 戴凱之

Dai Qizong 戴起宗 Dai shi 戴氏

Dai Sigong 戴思恭  → Dai Yuanli 戴原禮 Dai Yaochen 戴堯臣 Dai yuan shi 戴院使 Dai Yuanli 戴原禮 Dai zhi 待制

Dai Zuo 戴祚 Dan 鄲

Dan Ran 單驤

Cui Xuan zhou Yan 崔宣州衍

Dan yang seng 丹陽僧

Cui Yan 崔衍 → Cui Xuan zhou Yan 崔宣州衍

Dangzhi 當之

Cui Yan 崔言

Dang Yongnian 黨永年   → Ming yi lu 名醫錄

Cui yuan wai 崔員外

Danxi 丹溪

Cui Zhiti 崔知悌

Dazhi chanshi 大智禪師

Cunzhong 存中

Deng Cai 鄧才

Cui Yuanliang 崔元亮

Daoguang 道廣

Cui zhong cheng 崔中丞

Deng Bifeng 鄧筆峰

Deng Deming 鄧德明 Deng Shao 鄧紹

Deng Siqi 鄧思齊

Deng Xianming 鄧顯明

716 Dexiu 德秀

Du Guangting 杜光庭

Ding 鼎

Du Kang 杜康

Di nü 帝女

Ding Biqing 丁必卿 Ding Danya 丁丹崖 Ding Du 丁度

Ding Luan 丁鑾 Ding Wei 丁謂

Ding Xihou 定西侯

Dong Biaoyi 董表儀 Dong Bing 董炳

Du Jiyang 杜季陽 Du Ren 杜壬 Du Ren 杜任 Du Ren 杜仁

Du Shanfang 杜善方 Du Shu 杜恕

Du Sijing 杜思敬

Du Taiqing 杜臺卿

Dong Han He di 東漢和帝

Du Wan 杜綰  → Du Jiyang 杜季陽

Dong Junyi 董君異

Du Yu 杜預

Dong Shigu 董士固

Du Zhenglun 杜正倫

Dong Wei 董威

Du Zhong 杜仲

Dongbi 東璧

Duan Chengshi 段成式

Dongpo 東坡

Duan Guilong 段龜龍   → Xi Liang ji 西涼記

Dong Jing 董京

Du You 杜佑

Dong shi 董氏

Du Yu 杜宇

Dong Shouyue 董守約

Du Zhenglun 杜正論

Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒

Du Zimei 杜子美

Dongfang Shuo 東方朔

Duan Gonglu 段公路

Dongyang Wuyi 東陽無疑   → Qi xie ji 齊諧記

Duan shi 段氏

Dongyuan 東垣

Duan You 段祐

Dou shi 竇氏

Dugu Tao 獨孤滔

Dou Cangsou 竇藏叟 Dou Weiwu 竇維鋈   → Guang gu jin wu xing ji 廣古今五行記 Du Bao 杜寶

Du chang wang 都昌王 Du Fu 杜甫

Du Gao 杜鎬

Dugu Ne 獨孤訥

E Erzhu xiansheng 耳珠先生

717

F Fan A 樊阿

Fan Chengda 范成大

Fan Chunyou 范純佑 Fan Chuo 樊綽

Fan Fengyi 范奉議 Fan gong 范公

Fan Ju 范雎 → Ying hou 應侯 Fan Li 范蠡

Fan Shengzhi 氾勝之 Fan shi 樊氏 Fan shi 范氏

Fan Shihu 范石湖 Fan Wang 范汪 Fan Ye 范曄

Fan Yun 范雲

Fan Zhineng 范至能 Fan Zhineng 范致能

Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹 → Fan gong 范公 Fan Zigai 范子蓋

Fang Boyu 房伯玉

Fang Dao 方導 → Fang Yiwu 方夷吾 Fang Guang 方廣

Fang Hui 方回 → Fang Xugu 方虛谷

Fang xiang shi 方相氏 Fang Xiaoru 方孝孺

Fang Xuanling 房玄齡 Fang Xugu 方虛谷 Fang Yiwu 方夷吾 Fasheng 法盛 Fei Xin 費信

Fei Zhangfang 費長房 Feixia zi 飛霞子

Feng Bi 馮璧 → Feng Han lin 馮翰林 Feng gui ren 馮貴人

Feng Han lin 馮翰林 Feng jun da 封君達 Feng Yansi 馮延巳

Feng Yu 馮愈   → Yi zong san fa 醫宗三法 Foji er 佛記兒

Fozhi heshang 佛智和尚 Fu 撫

Fu bao 附寶

Fu bo zi 鳧伯子 Fu Chen 伏琛

Fu Gong 傅肱 Fu hou 伏侯

Fu Jian 符堅 Fu Jian 苻堅

Fu Qian 服虔

Fang Liang 方良

Fu Qiu 傅求

Fang Shao 方勺

Fu shun wang 富順王

Fang Xian 方賢

Fu tu shi 浮屠氏

Fang Qianli 房千里

Fu Shen 伏深

Fang Wei 房

Fu Taichu 輔太初

Fang xiang shi 方相

718 Fu Wuji 伏無忌 → Fu hou 伏侯 Fu Xian 傅咸

Gao You 高誘

Gao Zhan 高展

Gao Zhongwu 高仲武

Fu Xuan 傅玄

Gao zong 高宗

Fu Yong 傅永

Gao zu 高祖

Fu Zi 傅滋

Ge Bing 革炳

G Gai Yunfu 蓋耘夫 Gan Bao 干寶 Gan jia 甘家

Gan Shoucheng 甘守誠

Ge cha pan 葛察判

Ge Changzhi 葛常之 Ge Hong 葛洪

Ge Kejiu 葛可久

Ge Lifang 葛立方 → Ge Chang zhi 葛常之

Gao 杲

Ge Qiansun 葛乾孫 → Ge Kejiu 葛可久

Gao Gongzhi 高恭之 → Gao Daomu 高道穆

Ge Zhe 葛哲   → Bao ying ji 保嬰集

Gao Daomu 高道穆

Gao huang 高皇 Gao Jian 高監

Gao qiu gong 高丘公

Gao Ruone 高若訥   → Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要 Gao Shenzhi 高申之 → Gao si fa 高司法 Gao shi 高氏

Gao Shi’er 高十二 → Gao shi 高氏 Gao Shiyu 高師禹 Gao si fa 高司法

Gao Tanglong 高堂隆 Gao Wenhu 高文虎 Gao Wu 高武

Ge shi 葛氏

Ge Zhichuan 葛稚川

Geng Mengde 耿夢得 Geng Wei 耿湋 Gong 恭

Gong shi 龔氏

Gong Tai 宮泰

Gong Tingxian 龔廷賢 → Gong Yunlin 龔雲林 Gong Yande 龔彥德

Gong Yunlin 龔雲林

Gong Xin 龔信   → Yi jian 醫鑒,   → Gong Yunlin 龔雲林 Gonggong shi 共工氏

Gao xiang guo 高相國

Gou jian 勾踐 → Yue wang 越王

Gao Yangsheng 高陽生

Gu Boyang 穀伯陽

Gao Xianzhi 高仙芝

Gu Anzhong 顧安中

719 Gu Han 顧含 Gu Jian 顧薦

Guo Xiang 郭象

Gu jiao jiang 鼓角匠

Guo Xiaofeng 郭霄鳳   → Jiang hu ji wen 江湖紀聞

Gu Min 顧閔

Guo Yigong 郭義恭

Gu Jie 顧岕

Guo yi 郭醫

Gu she shenren 姑射神人

Guo Zhongchan 郭仲產   → Qin zhou ji 秦州記

Gu Wei 顧微

Gu Wenjian 顧文薦

H

Gu Yewang 顧野王

Gu Yuanqing 顧元慶

Gu Zhao 顧昭   → Rui ming li 瑞明禮 Guan Botong 管伯同

Guan Bozhou 管伯周 Guan Fan 管範

Guan shi yin 觀世音 → Guan yin 觀音 Guanyin 觀音

Guanyin 關尹 → Guanyin zi 關尹子 Guanyin zi 關尹子 Gui Deng 歸登 Gui fu 桂父

Guifang 鬼方 Gun 鯀

Guo Jingchun 郭景純 Guo Jizhong 郭稽中 Guo Pu 郭璞

Guo shi 郭氏 Guo shi 蟈氏

Guo shi jun 郭使君

Guo Tan 郭坦   → Shi bian liang fang 十便良方

Guo Wen 郭文

Guo Xian 郭憲

Haicang 海藏 Han 含

Han Ai di 漢哀帝 → Ai di 哀帝

Han Baosheng 韓保昇

Han Bo 韓伯 → Han Kangbo 韓康伯 Han Cheng di 漢成帝 Han dai fu 韓大夫

Han E 韓諤   → Si shi zuan yao 四時纂要 Han Fei 韓非

Han Feixia 韓飛霞

Han Gao di 漢高帝

Han Gao zu 漢高祖 Han Guang 韓光

Han He di 漢和帝

Han Kangbo 韓康伯 Han Mao 韓

Han Ming di 漢明帝 Han Ping 韓憑 Han shi 韓氏

Han Tuizhi 韓退之 Han wang 漢王 Han Wen 韓文

720 Han Wu 漢武

He Qing 何卿

Han Xian 漢獻

He Shanchun 何山純

Han Wu di 漢武帝 Han Xuan di 漢宣帝 Han Yanzhi 韓彥直 Han Ying 韓嬰 → Han shi 韓詩 Han Yong 韓詠 Han Yu 韓愈

Han Zhao di 漢昭帝 Han Zhihe 韓祗和 Han Zhihe 韓只和 Han Zhong 韓衆 Han Zhong 韓終

Han Ziwen 韓子溫 Hanpu 函普

Hao Mengjie 郝孟節 → Mengjie 孟節 Hao Yun 郝允

Hao zhi fu 郝知府 Haogu 好古 He 和

He Chengtian 何承天 He Daying 何大英

He Deyang 何德揚 He di 和帝

He Fasheng 何法盛 → Fasheng 法盛 He Feng 何諷

He Jingcai 何經才 → He Daying 何大英 He Jingming 何景明 He Lian shi 赫連氏

He Mengchun 何孟春 He nan yin 河南尹

He Shanchun 河山純 He Shangzhi 何尚之 He Shouwu 何首烏 He Yan 何晏

He Yuan 何薳 He Yuan 何遠

He Zhongmo 何仲默 He Ziyuan 何子元 Hei hai er 黑孩兒

Hei xue gong 黑穴公 Hejian 河間 Helü 闔閭

Hong Chu 洪芻 → Hong Jufu 洪駒父 Hong Gong 洪栱

Hong Guanzhi 洪貫之 Hong Ji 洪輯

Hong Jufu 洪駒父 Hong Mai 洪邁

Hong Neihan 洪内翰 Hong shi 洪氏

Hong Shunyu 洪舜俞 Hong Wen’an 洪文安

Hong Yan 洪炎 → Hong Yufu 洪玉父 Hong Yufu 洪玉父

Hong Zhongxuan 洪忠宣 Hongjing 弘景

Hou Dian 侯甸   → Xi qiao ye ji 西樵野記 Hou Ji 后稷

Hou jiao shou 侯教授

721 Hou Ningji 侯寧极 → Hou shi 侯氏 Hou shi 侯氏

Hou Wei Xiao Wen di 後魏孝文帝 Hou Yanqing 侯延慶

Hou Yanshang 侯延賞 Hou Yi 后羿 → Yi 羿

Hu er 胡兒

Hu gang zi 狐剛子

Hua Shou 滑壽 Hua Tuo 華佗 Hua Tuo 華陀

Huai nan ba gong 淮南八公 Huai nan gong 淮南公

Huai nan wang 淮南王 Huai 懷 of Jin 晉 → Jin Huai 晉懷 Huan 緩

Hu Guang 胡廣

Huan Ji 環濟 → Huan shi 環氏

Hu Jushi 壺居士

Huan Kuan 桓寬

Hu Jiao 胡嶠

Hu Jushi 胡居士 Hu Qia 胡洽

Hu Qia Jushi 胡洽居士 Hu shi 忽氏 Hu shi 胡氏

Hu Shike 胡仕可 Hu Sihui 忽思慧

Hu Wenhuan 胡文煥   → Ying ji liang fang 應急良方 Hu Yan 胡演

Hu yang gong zhu 湖陽公主 Hu Ying 胡濙

Hu Yongzhi 胡用之 Hu Yun’ao 胡雲翱 Hu Zai 胡仔

Hu zhuo shi 壺涿氏 Hua 華

Hua Boren 滑伯仁 Hua Cui 花翠

Hua gong 化公 Hua lao 華老

Huan Jing 桓景

Huan long shi 豢龍氏 Huan shi 環氏

Huan Tan 桓譚 Huang 黃

Huang Chao 黃巢 Huang di 黃帝

Huang dian shi 黃典史

Huang Gongshao 黃公紹 Huang Gongwu 黃公武 Huang Jian 黃戩

Huang Jian 黃諫   → Yue ling tong zuan 月令通纂 Huang Jizhi 黃濟之 → Huang shi 黃氏 Huang Liu 黃六

Huang Ren’e 黃仁鍔 → Huang dian shi 黃典史 Huang shan jun 黃山君 Huang Shangu 黃山谷

Huang Shengzeng 黃省曾 Huang shi 黃氏

Huang shi mu 黃氏母

722 Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅

Huang Tingxuan 黃廷宣

Ji Han 嵇含

Huang Xiu 黃秀

Ji He 姬赫 → Wei Xiang wang 魏襄王

Huang Zhen 黃震

Ji Kang 嵇康

Huangfu Jing 皇甫敬

Ji Man 姬滿 → Zhou Mu wang 周穆王

Huangfu Mi 皇甫謐

Ji Peng 紀朋

Huanghua gong 黃華公

Ji Shao 嵇紹

Hui di 惠帝

Ji Si 姬嗣 → Wei Xiang wang 魏襄王

Huang Xiufu 黃休复

Ji Huan zi 季桓子

Huangfu Fang 皇甫汸   → Jie yi xin yu 解頤新語

Ji Kang 稽康

Huangfu Long 皇甫隆

Ji nu 寄奴

Huangfu Shi‘an 皇甫士安

Ji Qing 季卿

Huayang Yinju 華陽隱居

Ji shi 嵇氏

Hui zong 徽宗

Jia 甲

Huiji fo 穢跡佛

Huijing 慧靜   → Xu ying hua 續英華 Hun huang zi 渾皇子 Huo weng 霍翁

Jia cheng xiang 賈丞相

Jia Dan 賈耽 → Jia xiang gong 賈相公 Jia Fangbo 賈方伯

Huqing 虎卿

Jia hou 賈后

J Ji 機 Ji 輯

Ji Chang 姬昌 → Wen wang 文王

Ji Dan 姬旦 → Zhou gong 周公 Ji Fa 姬發 → Wu wang 武王 Ji Guang 姬光 → Helü 闔閭

Jia Cheng 賈誠

Ji Gui 姬貴 → Zhou Jing wang 周景王

Jia Huangzhong 賈黃中   → Shen yi pu jiu fang 神醫普救方 Jia Nanfeng 賈南風 → Jia hou 賈后 Jia Sidao 賈似道 Jia Sixie 賈思勰

Jia Wei 賈緯   → Shi xi 史系

Jia Wei gong 賈魏公

Jia xiang gong 賈相公 Jia Yi 賈誼

Jiamo 嘉謨

Jian Di 簡狄

Jian ping wang 建平王

723 Jian shi 剪氏

Jin 謹

Jian wen 簡文 → Liang Jian Wen di 梁簡文帝

Jin Hui di 晉惠帝

Jian shi 煎氏

Jiang Bo’er 江伯兒

Jin Huai 晉懷

Jin Jiqian 靳季謙

Jiang Bozhen 姜伯真

Jin Shan 金善 → Jin Youzi 金幼孜

Jiang jiao shou 蔣教授

Jin Shao 靳邵

Jiang Fu 姜撫

Jiang Linji 江鄰幾

Jiang Shaoyu 江少虞   → Lei yuan 類苑 Jiang shi 姜氏

Jiang Shixian 蔣士先

Jiang Wanli 江萬里   → Xuan zheng za lu 宣政雜錄 Jiang tai gong 姜太公

Jin shan si shenren 金山寺神人 Jin Wu di 晉武帝

Jin Xuan zong 金宣宗 Jin You gong 晉幽公 Jin Youzi 金幼孜

Jin Yuan di 晉元帝

Jin Zhiyang 金志揚 → Shang qing Jin Pengtou zushi 上清金蓬頭祖師

Jiang Yan 江淹

Jin Zhuo 晉灼

Jiang Yuan 姜源

Jing Cha 景差

Jiang Yaxiang 蔣亞香 Jiang Yuan 姜嫄

Jiang Ziya 姜子牙 → Jiang tai gong 姜太公 Jianqing 鑒清

Jiao Xicheng 焦希程 Jiaxuan 稼軒

Jie gong 杰公 Jie Tui 介推

Jie Yingchen 揭穎臣 Jie Zitui 介子推 → Jie Tui 介推

Jiegu 潔古

Jing 景

Jing Duan wang 荊端王 Jing Fang 京房

Jing He wang 荊和王 Jing Huan 景煥

Jing Mu wang 荊穆王 Jingshu 敬叔 Jinzhi 進之 Jipu 亟普

Jiu tian san qing 九天三清 Jiuchou 九疇

Jun wang Zilong 郡王子隆

Jiezhai 節齋

K

Jihong 繼洪 Jilao 吉老 Jili 吉利

Kai yuan huangdi 開元皇帝 Kang Bo 康伯

724 Kang Daofeng 康道豐

Lei 雷

Kang Yuzhi 康譽之

Lei shi 雷氏

Kang Fengzi 康風子 Kangchao 康朝 Kenqu 胥渠

Kong Anguo 孔安國

Kong Chuan 孔傳   → Kong shi liu tie 孔氏六帖 Kong Fang 孔方 Kong Fu 孔鮒

Lei gong 雷公 Lei Shixian 雷世賢 Lei Xiao 雷斅 Li 李

Li Ang 李昂 → Tang Wen zong 唐文宗 Li Anqi 李安期 Li Ao 李翱

Kong Guang 孔光

Kong Pingzhong 孔平仲

Li Ao 劉鷔 → Han Cheng di 漢成帝

Kong Xiu 孔休

Li Baozhen 李抱真

Kong Zhiyue 孔志約

Li Binhu 李瀕湖

Kongming 孔明

Li Boshi 李伯時

Kou Heng 寇衡

Li Chen 李忱

Kou shi 寇氏

Li Chun 李純 → Xian zong 憲宗

Kong Xian 孔羨

Li Bai 李白

Kong Yingda 孔穎達

Li Beihai 李北海

Kong zi 孔子

Li bo shi 李博士

Kou 寇

Li Buque 李補闕

Kou Ping 寇平

Li chushi 李處士

Kou tianshi 寇天師

Kou xian sheng 寇先生 Kou Zongshi 寇宗奭 Kuixuan zi 窺玄子 Kunzhai 崑齋

Li cong shi 李從事 Li dai zhi 李待制

Li Dan 李旦 → Rui zong 睿宗 Li Dangzhi 李當之

L Lang Yi 郎顗 Lao zi 老子

Le lang wei 樂浪尉

Le qing gai zhe 樂清丐者

Li Daogu 李道古

Li Daonian 李道念

Li Daoyuan 酈道元 Li Deyu 李德裕 Li Ding 李定

Li Dongyuan 李東垣 Li E 李娥

725 Li Fang 李昉

Li fang yu 李防禦

Li Fengniang 李鳳娘 → Li Hou 李后 Li Gan 李干 Li Gao 李杲 Li Gao 李高

Li Gefei 李格非   → Luo yang ming yuan ji 洛陽名園記

Li Liangqing 李亮卿 → Li cha yuan Liangqing 李察院亮卿 Li Liangyu 李良雨

Li Longji 李隆基 → Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 Li Lou 李樓

Li Mian 李勉

Li Minshou 黎民壽 → Li ju shi 黎居士

Li Gonglin 李公麟 → Li Boshi 李伯時

Li Mingzhi 李明之

Li Hanguang 李含光

Li Pengfei 李鵬飛

Li Guangou 李管勾 Li Heng 李衡

Li Heng 李亨 → Tang Su zong 唐肅宗 Li hou 李后 Li Ji 李勣

Li Jian 李建

Li Jiang 李絳 Li Jie 李捷

Li Mo 李謨

Li Mohe 李摩訶 Li pu ye 李僕射 Li Qi 李奇 Li Qi 李七

Li Qi 李頎 →   Gu jin shi hua 古今詩話 Li Qing 李卿

Li Qiu 李璆 → Li dai zhi 李待制

Li Jie 李捷 → Li shi 李氏

Li Quan 李筌

Li Jing 李靖 → Lei Wei gong 李衛公

Li shan shi 厲山氏

Li Jin 李謹

Li Jingchun 李景純

Li Jingkai 李景開 → Li boshi 李博士 Li Jiuhua 李九華 Li Jushi 黎居士

Li Kuifu 李魁甫 Li li bu 李吏部 Li Lian 李濂

Li Rao zhou 李饒州 Li Shan 李善

Li Shangyin 李商隱 Li Shen 李紳

Li Shen 李慎 → Li Jin 李謹 Li Sheng 李勝 Li Sheng 李生

Li Sheng 李昇 → Lie zu 烈祖 Li shi 李氏

Li Shi 李實

726 Li Shi 李石

Li Yanshou 李延壽

Li shi 李士

Li Yanzhi 李彥直

Li shi 李師

Li Shiji 李世勣

Li Shimin 李世民 → Tang Tai zong 唐太宗 Li Shizhen 李時珍

Li Shouwen 李壽翁 Li Shouyu 李守愚 Li Sili 李嗣立

Li Yanwen 李言聞 Li Yishan 李義山 Li Yong 李邕 Li Yong 李用

Li Youzhi 李祐之 Li Yu 李俁 Li Yu 李預

Li Sixun 李思訓

Li Yu 李豫 → Tang Dai zong 唐代宗

Li Tao 李濤

Li Yuan 李遠

Li Taibai 李太白 Li Tao 李燾

Li Yuan 李元

Li ti ling 李提領

Li Yuan 李淵 → Tang Gao zu 唐高祖

Li Ting 李庭

Li Zhao 李肇

Li Wei gong 李衛公

Li Zhi 李治

Li Tian 李畋

Li Yuanchun 李元淳

Li Tingfei 李廷飛

Li Zheng 李整

Li xiang 李相

Li Zhi 李治 → Tang Gao zong 唐高宗

Li Xiangxian 李象先

Li Xing 李滎   → Er nan bao jian 二難寶鑒 Li Xuan 李宣

Li Zhifang 李直方 Li Zhixian 李知先

Li Zhongnan 李仲南

Li Xuan 李儇 → Xi zong 僖宗

Li Ziqing 李子卿

Li Xun 李迅

Liang Gun 梁混

Li Xun 李珣 Li Xun 李巡 Li Xun 李遜

Li Xunyan 李巽岩

Li Xuzhong 李虛中 Li Ya 李亞

Li Yan 李炎 → Tang Wu zong 唐武宗

Li Ziyu 李子豫 Lianfu 廉夫

Liang Guocai 梁國材

Liang Jian Wen di 梁簡文帝

Liang Shi 梁適 → Liang Zhuangsu gong 梁庄肅公 Liang Wu di 梁武帝 Liang Xin 梁新 Liang Yao 梁耀

727 Liang Yuan di 梁元帝

Liang Zhuangsu gong 梁莊肅公 Liao Yingzhong 廖瑩中 Lie zi 列子

Lie zu 烈祖

Lihua shenjun 理化神君 Lin 琳

Lin daoren 藺道人 Lin Han 林罕 → Lin shi 林氏 Lin Hong 林洪

Lin Jingqi 林靜齊

Lin Jingzhai 林靜齋 Lin Lingsu 林靈素 Lin shi 林氏

Liu Chan 劉禪 → Shu hou zhu 蜀後主 Liu Changchun 劉長春

Liu Che 劉徹 → Han Wu di 漢武帝 Liu Chun 劉純

Liu Chunchen 劉純臣 → Liu xiu cai Chunchen 劉秀才純臣 Liu Cong 劉聰

Liu Congzhou 劉從周 Liu De 劉德

Liu Fang 劉昉

Liu Fu 劉甫   → Shi quan bo jiu fang 十全博救方

Lin shi 藺氏

Liu Fu ling 劉弗陵 → Han Zhao di 漢昭帝

Lin Yanzhen 林彥振

Liu Gongfu 劉貢父

Lin yi wang 林邑王

Liu Han 劉翰

Ling di 靈帝

Liu Hong 劉宏 → Jian ping wang 建平王

Ling ren 凌人

Liu Huo 劉㦎

Lingyang Zizhong 陵陽子仲

Liu Ji 劉基 → Liu Bowen 劉伯溫

Lin Xundao 林訓導

Liu Fuzhen 劉復真

Lin Yi 林億

Liu Guoying 劉國英

Lin Zhen 林楨   → Shi xue da cheng 詩學大成

Liu Hejian 劉河間

Ling Hanzhang 凌漢章

→ Ling di 靈帝

Linghu jiang jun 令狐將軍

Liu Ji 劉績

Liu An 劉安 Liu An 柳岸

Liu Ban 劉攽 → Liu Gongfu 劉貢父

Liu Bang 劉邦 → Han Gao zu 漢高祖 Liu Biao 劉表

Liu Bowen 劉伯溫

Liu Jinghui 劉景輝

Liu Jingshu 劉敬叔 Liu Jinu 劉寄奴

Liu Juanzi 劉涓子 Liu Jun 劉君 Liu Jun 劉均

728 Liu Jun 劉駿 → Song Xiaowu 宋孝武 Liu Jun‘an 劉君安

Liu Junguo 劉均國

Liu Juzhong 劉居中

Liu Kai 劉開 → Liu Fuzhen 劉復真 Liu Keyong 劉克用 Liu Liang 劉亮

Liu Liuzhou 柳柳州 Liu Meng 劉蒙

Liu Mengde 劉夢得

Liu Mengquan 劉蒙泉 Liu Mi 柳泌

Liu Ping 劉憑

Liu Xi 劉熙

Liu Xiang 劉向

Liu Xin 劉欣 → Ai di 哀帝

Liu Xinqi 劉欣期 Liu Xinqi 劉歆期

Liu xiu cai Chunchen 劉秀才純臣 Liu Xuanzhen 劉玄真 Liu Xun 劉恂 Liu Xun 劉勛

Liu Xun 劉詢 → Han Xuan di 漢宣帝 Liu Yan 劉兗

Liu Yanshi 劉延世   → Sun Sheng tan pu 孫昇談圃

Liu Qi 劉跂

Liu Yang 劉陽

Liu Quanbei 劉全備 → Liu Keyong 劉克用

Liu Yijiang 劉義隆 → Liu Song Wen di 劉宋文帝

Liu Qingxiao 劉清嘯

Liu Yi 劉易

Liu Ruan 劉阮

Liu Yiqing 劉義慶

Liu Ruyi 劉汝翼 Liu shi 劉氏

Liu Shizhen 劉師貞

Liu Shouzhen 劉守真 Liu Shuo 劉搠

Liu Song Wen di 劉宋文帝 Liu Songhuang 劉松篁 Liu Songshi 劉松石 Liu tai hou 柳太后

Liu Tianhe 劉天和 → Liu Songshi 劉松石 Liu Tidian 劉提點

Liu Wansu 劉完素

Liu Wuming 劉無名

Liu Wuniang 劉五娘

Liu Yingji 劉應季   → Han mo quan shu 翰墨全書 Liu Yu 劉郁 Liu Yu 劉裕

Liu Yu 劉彧 → Song Ming di 宋明帝 Liu Yuan 劉淵 Liu yuan 劉掾

Liu Yuanlin 劉淵林

Liu Yuanshao 劉元紹 Liu Yuxi 劉禹錫 Liu Zhang 劉璋 Liu Zhang 劉章

Liu Zhao 劉肇 → Han He di 漢和帝

729 Liu Zhen 劉楨   → Shi yi wen 詩義問 Liu Zhen 劉臻

Lu Hong 盧鴻   → Hua shan ji 華山記

Liu Zhonghai 劉仲海

Lu Hui 陸翽   → Ye zhong ji 鄴中記

Liu Zhu 劉駐

Lu Ji 陸璣

Liu Zihou 柳子厚

Lu Jiang 盧絳

Liu Zhonghui 劉仲晦

Lu Ji 陸機

Liu zi 柳子

Lu Jia 陸賈

Liu Zinan 劉子南

Lu Jingchu 陸景初 → Lu Guanglu 陸光祿

Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 Liuzhou 柳州 Long 隆

Lou Gongshuang 樓公爽 → Lou Quanshan 樓全善 Lou Juzhong 婁居中

Lou Quanshan 樓全善

Lou Ying 樓英 → Lou Quanshan 樓全善

Lu Ban 魯班 Lu Bao 魯褒

Lu Bosi 魯伯嗣

Lu Can 陸粲   → Geng ji bian 庚己編

Lu Jingshu 陸敬叔 → Jingshu 敬叔 Lu Jun 盧鈞

Lu Kang 陸杭 Lu Kang 陸抗

Lu Lianfu 盧廉夫

Lu Nongshi 陸農師

Lu Nüsheng 魯女生

Lu Rong 陸容 → Lu Wenliang 陸文量

Lu Shaofan 盧少樊 Lu shi 陸氏 Lu shi 盧氏

Lu Chen 盧諶

Lu Sigong 路嗣供

Lu Ding gong 魯定公

Lu Tan 盧坦

Lu Duoxun 盧多遜

Lu Wenliang 陸文量

Lu Dian 陸佃

Lu Sigong 路嗣恭

Lu Ding gong mu 魯定公母

Lu Tang 魯棠

Lu Fayan 陸法言   → Qie yun 切韻

Lu Xuanzhen 盧玄真

Lu gong 路公

Lu Xun 盧循

Lu Guanglu 陸光祿

Lu Yan 陸曮 → Lu shi 陸氏

Lu He 盧和

Lu Yin 陸禋

Lu Guimeng 陸龜蒙

Lu Yifeng 陸一峰 Lu Yin 陸迎

730 Lu You 陸游 Lu Yu 陸羽

Lu Yuanqin 盧元欽

Luo Yuan 羅願

Luo Zhiti 羅知悌 → Luo Taiwu 羅太無

Lu Yun 陸雲

Lu Zhao 盧肇   → Yi shi 逸史

M

Lu Zhigang 魯至剛

Ma Dongzhi 馬東之

Lu Zhong shi 陸終氏

Ma Gao 馬縞   → Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今注

Lu Zhizhu 陸之柷 Lu Ziji 陸子楫

Lu Zizheng 陸子正 → Lu shi 陸氏

Lü, Empress → Lü tai hou 呂太后

Ma Duanlin 馬端臨

Ma Jiuchou 麻九疇 → Ma Zhiji 麻知幾 Ma Jun 馬均

Ma Minshu 馬敏叔

Lü Buwei 呂不韋 → Lü shi 呂氏

Ma shi zhong 馬侍中

Lü cheng xiang 呂丞相

Ma Sui 馬燧 → Ma shi zhong 馬侍中

Lü Chen 呂忱

Lü Gui 履癸 → Xia Jie 夏桀

Lü Huiqing 呂惠卿

Lü Shang 呂尚 → Jiang tai gong 姜太公 Lü shi 呂氏

Lü tai hou 呂太后

Lü Yifu 呂夷簡 → Lü cheng xiang 呂丞相 Lü Yijian 呂夷簡

Lü Zihua 呂子華

Luo Cunzhai 羅存齋 Luo Dajing 羅大經 Luo shi 羅氏

Luo Shouyi 羅守一 Luo Taiwu 羅太無

Luo Tianyi 羅天益

Ma Shumou 麻叔謀 Ma Siming 馬嗣明

Ma Wencheng 馬文誠 Ma Yi 馬異

Ma Yin 馬殷

Ma Yuan 馬援 Ma Zhi 馬志

Ma Zhiji 麻知幾

Mao Chang 毛萇 Mao nü 毛女

Mao shan dao shi 茅山道士 Mao shan laoren 茅山老人 Mao Wenxi 毛文錫

Mao Zhifang 毛直方 Mei Sheng 枚乘

Mei Shengyu 梅聖俞 Mei shi 梅師

Mei Yangqing 梅楊卿

731 Mei Yaochen 梅堯臣 Meng Chang 孟昶

Nie Tian 聶田 →   Cu yi ji 徂異記

Meng Guan 孟琯

Ning Yuan 寧原

Meng Qi 孟棨   → Ben shi shi 本事詩

Niu du yu shi 牛都御史

Meng Chuozi 孟綽子

Ning Xian wang 寧獻王

Meng Jian 孟簡

Ning Yuan 寧源

Meng Shen 孟詵

Niu’ai 牛哀

O

Meng shi 孟氏

Meng shi Shen 孟氏詵 Mengjie 孟節

Ouyang gong 歐陽公

Ming Guangzu 明光祖

Ouyang Xun 歐陽詢

Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修

Ming di 明帝

Ming huang 明皇

P

Ming shi 冥氏

Ming zhi 明之

Pan Changyan 潘昌言

Mo 謨

Mo Qiangzhong 莫强中 Moye 摩耶

Mu Xiujing 穆修靖

N Nahe 納合

Nahe Maizhu 納合買住 → Nahe 納合

Pan shi 潘氏

Pan Xun 潘塤

Pan Xun 潘塤 → Pan shi 潘氏 Pan Yue 潘岳

Pang Anchang 龐安常 Pang Anshi 龐安時 Pang shi 龐氏

Pang weng 龐翁

Nan Gongcong 南宮從

Pang Yuanying 龐元英

Nan yue wang 南粵王

Pei Hedong 裴河東

Ni shi 倪氏

Pei Wei 裴頠 → Pei Yimin 輩逸民

Nan yue wang 南越王

Pao ren 庖人

Nengsi 能嗣

Pei Min 裴旻

Ni Wei de 倪維德 Ni Wei de 倪惟德

Ni Weixian 倪惟賢

Pei Xiu 裴秀

Pei Yimin 輩逸民 Pei Yuan 裴淵

732 Pei yuan wai 裴員外

Qi Ming di 齊明帝

Peng 彭

Qi wang hou 齊王后

Peng 朋

Peng Cheng 彭乘

Peng cheng furen 彭城夫人 Peng Dabian 彭大辨

Qi ren Cao shi 齊人曹氏 Qi Wu di 齊武帝

Qi zhong da fu 齊中大夫 → Qi da fu 齊大夫

Peng Dabian 彭大辯

Qian Jicheng 錢季誠

Peng Shao 彭韶 → Peng si kou 彭司寇

Qian Liu 錢鏐

Peng Daxiang 彭大祥

Qian Jin 錢縉   → Wan bao shi shan 萬寶事山

Peng si kou 彭司寇

Qian ning xiansheng 乾寧先生

Peng yi guan 彭醫官

Qian Pi 錢丕

Peng Ze 彭澤 → Peng Xing’an 彭幸庵

Qian shi 錢氏

Pi Xun 皮巡

Qian xiang gong 錢相公

Ping Yaoqing 平堯卿

Qian Yu 錢竽   → Hai shang ming fang 海上名方

Peng Xing’an 彭幸庵

Qian ning Yan xiansheng 乾寧晏先生

Peng Yongguang 彭用光

Qian Qi 錢起

Peng zu 彭祖

Qian Weiyan 錢惟演 → Qian xiang gong 錢相公

Ping Juhui 平居誨   → Xing cheng ji 行程記

Qian Yi 錢乙

Poluomen seng 婆羅門僧

Qian Zhongyang 錢仲陽

Pu 普

Qiao Zhou 譙周

Q Qi 器 Qi 岐 Qi 棄

Qi Bo 岐伯

Qi da fu 齊大夫

Qi Dezhi 齊德之 Qi Hang 齊杭

Qi heshang 齊和尚 Qi hou 齊侯

Qiao gong 喬公 Qimu 綦母

Qimu shi 綦母氏

Qin Chengzu 秦承祖 Qin Deli 秦德立 Qin Gao 琴髙

Qin gong 秦公

Qin Guan 秦觀

Qin huang 秦皇

Qin Minghe 秦鳴鶴

Qin Mu gong 秦穆公

Qin shi huang 秦始皇

733 Qin shi huangdi 秦始皇帝 → Qin shi huang 秦始皇 Qin wang 秦王

Qin xian fu 秦憲副

Qin Yue ren 秦越人 Qin yun fu 秦運副 Qing 卿

Qingniu daoshi 青牛道士

Qingniu xiansheng 青牛先生 Qingxia zi 青霞子 Qiong shan 瓊山

Qiu Jun 丘濬 → Qiu Yufeng 丘玉峰 Qiu Yuan 仇遠

Qiu Yufeng 丘玉峰

Qizhen zi 棲真子   → Ying hai bao jian 嬰孩寶鑒 Qu 瞿

Qu Ming 屈平 → Qu Yuan 屈原

Ren Fang 任昉 Ren shi 任氏 Ren Yu 任豫

Ren zong 仁宗 Rihua 日華

Rihua zi 日華子 Rong shi 榮氏

Rongcheng Zigao 容成子羔 Ru Chun 如淳

Ruan Bing 阮炳 → Ruan Henan 阮河南 Ruan Deru 阮德如 Ruan gong 阮公

Ruan He nan 阮河南

Ruan Ji 阮籍 → Ruan gong 阮公 Ruan Qian 阮汧 Ruan shi 阮氏

Qu Yong 屈雍

Ruan Xiaoxu 阮孝緒   → Qi lu 七錄,   → Wen zi ji lüe 文字集略

Quan 權

Rui 鋭

Qu Yuan 屈原

Rui 瑞

Qubilai Khan → Yuan Shi zu 元世祖 Quxian 臞仙

Rao Peng 饒鵬 → Rao shi 饒氏 Rao shi 饒氏

Ren Chengliang 任承亮 Ren Dao 任道

Ruicen gong 瑞岑公 Ruiqing 瑞卿

r

Ren 任

Rui zong 睿宗

Ruo Yuze 若於則 Ruyan 汝言

S Sa Qian zhai 薩謙齋

Sademishi 薩德彌實 → Sa Qian zhai 薩謙齋

San huang zhenren 三皇真人

734 Sangmen 桑門

Shao zhenren 邵真人

Seng Fajian 僧法堅

Shen 詵

Seng Baozhi 僧寶志 Seng Jihong 僧繼洪 Seng Juliao 僧居寮 Seng Jutai 僧居泰

Seng Puming 僧普明

Seng Wenxiang 僧文象 Seng Zanning 僧贊寧 Sengtan 僧坦

Shan Lian 山連

Shang qing Jin Pengtou zushi 上清金蓬頭祖師 Shang Xi 商熙 → Shang zhu jiao 商助教 Shang zhu jiao 商助教 Shangqiu zi 商丘子

Shangqiu Zixu 商丘子胥 → Shangqiu zi 商丘子 Shao 紹

Shao zi 邵子

Shen Cunzhong 沈存中 Shen Daogong 慎道恭

Shen Gongdao 慎恭道 Shen Gua 沈括

Shen Huaiyuan 沈懷遠 Shen Jiong 沈炯 Shen jun 神君 Shen Li 沈立

Shen Neihan 沈内翰 Shen nong 神農

Shen Sengyi 沈僧翼 Shen sheng 沈生 Shen shi 沈氏 Shen shi 深師

Shen tianshi 申天師 Shen tu 神荼

Shao Bo 邵博 → Shao shi 邵氏

Shen xiansheng 申先生

Shao Guizi 邵桂子

Shen Yu 神禹

Shao Bowen 邵伯溫 Shao Hao shi 少皞氏 Shao Kang 少康 Shao shi 邵氏

Shao shi nü 邵氏女 Shao Yaofu 邵堯夫

Shao Yingjie 邵應節

Shao Yizheng 邵以正

Shao Yong 邵雍 → Shao Yaofu 邵堯夫

Shao Yuanjie 邵元節 → Shao Yingjie 邵應節

Shen Ying 沈瑩

Shen Yizhai 申一齋 Shen Yue 沈約

Shen Zhou 沈周 Shen zong 神宗

Sheng Chong 盛冲

Sheng Hongzhi 盛弘之 Sheng Xuanzi 昇玄子 Sheng Yan 盛彥 Shengzhi 省之

Shenji dashi 神濟大師

Shentu Xingfu 申屠行輔 Shenwei 慎微

735 Shi Cangyong 石藏用

Shou ren 獸人

Shi Hanqing 施漢卿

Shu wang 蜀王

Shi Chong 石崇 Shi huang 始皇

Shi Huixiang 釋慧祥

Shu hou zhu 蜀後主 Shu Zhao liang 舒昭亮 → Zhao liang 昭亮

Shi Jiao 尸佼 → Shi zi 尸子

Shuqian 叔潛

Shi Kangzu 時康祖

Si xuan shi 司烜氏

Shi Kan 史堪

Shi Kuang 師曠 Shi Min 石旻

Shi quan gong 石泉公 Shi shao qing 施少卿 Shi shi 釋氏

Shi Su 史蘇 → Gui jing 龜經 Shi Tuo 史脫

Shi Xun 史循 Shi You 史游

Shi Yuan 史元 Shi Yuan 史源

Shi Yuan 施圓   → Duan xiao fang 端效方

Si cun Wang shi 思村王氏 Si hao 四皓 Sibo 嗣伯

Sima Biao 司馬彪

Sima Guang 司馬光 Sima Qian 司馬遷

Sima Rui 司馬睿 → Jin Yuan di 晉元帝 Sima Xiangru 司馬相如 Sima Zhong 司馬衷 → Jin Hui di 晉惠帝 Simiao 思邈 Song 頌

Song cheng xiang 宋丞相 Song Du zong 宋度宗

Sun Yunxian 孫允賢   → Yi fang da cheng 醫方大成

Song Gao zong 宋高宗

Shi Zhengzhi 史正志

Song Hui zong 宋徽宗

Shi Zaizhi 史載之 Shi zi 釋子

Shi zong 世宗

Shi zong Su huangdi 世宗肅皇帝 Shijia 釋迦

Shiliang 士良

Song Gao zu 宋高祖

Song Guang zong 宋光宗 Song Huizhi 宋會之 Song Lian 宋濂

Song Ming di 宋明帝

Song Ning zong 宋寧宗

Shizhai 是齋

Song Qi 宋琪 → Song cheng xiang 宋丞相

Shou chanshi 壽禪師

Song Qiqiu 宋齊丘

Shizhen 時珍

Song Qi 宋祁

Song Ren zong 宋仁宗

736 Song Shizong 宋士宗

Song Song 宋嵩 → Song Qiqiu 宋齊丘 Song tai shi 宋太史

Song Tai zong 宋太宗 Song Tai zu 宋太祖

Song tui guan 宋推官 Song Wen di 宋文帝

Su Song 蘇頌

Su Taoguang 蘇韜光 Su Yan 蘇彥

Su Yijian 蘇易簡 Su You 蘇游

Su Yuanlang 蘇元朗 → Qing xia zi 青霞子

Song Xia 宋俠

Su Zhe 蘇轍 → Su Ziyou 蘇子由

Song Xiaowu 宋孝武

Su Ziyou 蘇子由

Song Ying zong 宋英宗

Sui Wen di 隋文帝

Song Zhe zong 宋哲宗

Sun 孫

Song Zhongfu 宋仲孚

Sun Fazong 孫法宗

Songyang zi 嵩陽子

Sun jia xi nu 孫家奚奴

Su Dongpo 蘇東坡

Sun Mian 孫愐

Su Gong 蘇恭

Sun Shangyao 孫尚藥

Su Jing 蘇敬 → Su Gong 蘇恭

Sun shi 孫氏

Su Jingzhong 蘇景仲

Sun Tanxuan 孫探玄

Song Xiao zong 宋孝宗

Su zi 蘇子

Song Xun 宋纁

Sui ren shi 燧人氏

Song Yu 宋玉

Sui Yang di 隋煬帝

Song Zhen zong 宋真宗

Sun Biyun 孫碧雲

Songhuang 松篁

Sun Guangxian 孫光憲

Su 蘇

Sun Lin 孫琳

Su E 蘇鶚

Sun Rouzhi 孫柔之

Su Huang 蘇黃

Sun Shaoxian 孫紹先

Su Jingzhong 蘇景中 Su Pu 蘇朴

Su Qiu 蘇遒

Su Sha shi 宿沙氏 Su Shao 蘇紹 Su Shi 蘇軾 Su shi 蘇氏

Sun shi lang 孫侍郎 Sun Simiao 孫思邈

Sun Tianren 孫天仁 Sun Yan 孫炎

Sun Yisong 孫一松

Sun Yonghe 孫用和

Sun Yuangui 孫元規 Sun Zhao 孫兆

737 Sun zhenren 孫真人

Tang Jingchuan 唐荊川

Sun Zhongying 孫仲盈

Tang Ming huang 唐明皇

Sun Zhenzong 孫貞宗 Sunshu Ao 孫叔敖 Sunzhi 損之

T Tai cang gong 太倉公 Tai zong 太宗

Tang Meng 唐蒙

Tang Minshu 湯晦叔 Tang Qiang 唐羌

Tang Sanyi 湯三益

Tang Shenwei 唐慎微 Tang shi 湯氏 Tang shi 唐氏

Tai zu 太祖

Tang Shunzhi 唐順之 → Tang Jingchuan 唐荊川

Tai zu huang di 太祖皇帝

Tang Tai zong 唐太宗

Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝 Taibo 太伯

Taihao 太昊

Taiji zhenren 太極真人 Tan Kui 譚逵

Tan Lun 談綸 → Tan Yeweng 談野翁 Tan Qiao 譚峭 → Tan zi 譚子 Tan shi 譚氏

Tan xian 坦仙

Tan Yeweng 談野翁 Tan Yuan 潭遠 Tan zi 譚子 Tang 湯

Tang Bao 唐褒

Tang Su zong 唐肅宗

Tang Wen zong 唐文宗 Tang Wu zong 唐武宗

Tang Xuan zong 唐玄宗 Tang Xuan zong 唐宣宗 Tang Yao 唐瑤

Tang Yuzheng 唐與正

Tang Zhongyou 唐仲友 → Tang Yuzheng 唐與正 Tao 陶

Tao gong 陶公

Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 Tao Hua 陶華

Tao Jiucheng 陶九成 Tao shi 陶氏

Tang Dai zong 唐代宗

Tao Tang 陶唐 → Yao 堯

Tang Gao zong 唐高宗

Tao Zhenbai 陶貞白

Tang De zong 唐德宗 Tang Gao zu 唐高祖 Tang Heng 湯衡 Tang Jing 唐靖

Tao Yinju 陶隱居

Tao Zhugong 陶朱公

Tao Zongyi 陶宗儀 → Tao Jiucheng 陶九成 Tian Jiucheng 田九成

738 Tian Kuang 田況 → Tian shu mi Kuang 田樞密況 Tian lao 天姥

Wan shi 萬氏

Wan Zhen 萬震

Wang Anpin 王安貧

Tian lao 天老

Tian Lushi 田錄事

Tian Rihua 田日華

Tian Rucheng 田汝成

Tian shu mi Kuang 田樞密況 Tian Yue 田悅

Wang Anshi 王安石 Wang Bi 王弼

Wang Bing 王冰 Wang Bo 王勃

Wang Can 王粲

Wang Chang 王常

Tian’er 田兒

Wang Chao 王超   → Shui jian xian ren ge 水鑒仙人歌

Tianhe 天和 Tianyi 天益

Tie weng cheng Shen xiansheng 鐵瓮城申先生

Wang Chaofeng 王朝奉 Wang Chong 王充

Tie weng Shen xiansheng 鐵瓮申先生

Wang Delian 王德璉 → Wang shi 王氏

Ting shi 庭氏

Wang Dian 王典

Tie weng xiansheng 鐵瓮先生 Tingcai 廷采

Wang Dingguo 王定國

Tingshao 廷紹

Wang Du 王度

Tong 桐

Wang Er 王尒

Tong Guan 童貫

Wang Fangping 王方平

Tong jun 桐君

Wang Fangqing 王方慶

Tongming 通明

Tu su hun yuan zhen jun 土宿昆元真君 Tu su zhen jun 土宿真君 Tuo 佗

W Wai yi Hong shi 外醫洪氏 Wan Biao 萬表

Wan Jie 䨲杰 → Jie gong 杰公 Wan Rong 萬融

Wang di 望帝

Wang Fu 王符

Wang gong 王公

Wang Gongfu 王公輔 Wang Guan 王瓘

Wang Gui 王珪 → Wang yin jun 王隱君 Wang Gun 王袞

Wang Haicang 王海藏 Wang Haogu 王好古

Wang Huanzhi 王渙之 Wang Ji 汪機 Wang Ji 王濟

739 Wang Ji 王冀 Wang Ji 王及

Wang Jia 王嘉 → Wang Zinian 王子年 Wang Jian 王戩

Wang Jianping 王建平 Wang Jiefu 王介甫

Wang Jiezhai 王節齋 Wang Jin 王金

Wang Jing gong 王荊公 Wang Jixian 王繼先 Wang jun 王君

Wang Junchuan 王浚川 Wang Kuang 王貺 Wang Lie 王列

Wang Lin 王琳 → Wang Fangqing 王方慶 Wang Lü 王履

Wang Lun 王綸

Wang Mang 王莽

Wang Meixi 王梅溪 Wang Min 王珉 Wang Min 王旻

Wang Min shanren 王旻山人 Wang Mingfen 王鳴鳳

Wang Mingqing 王明清 Wang mu 王母

Wang Nanqiang 王南強 Wang Ni 王嶷

Wang Pan 王磐

Wang Pu 王溥   → Tang hui yao 唐會要 Wang Qi 王琪 Wang Qi 王起

Wang Qianzhong 王謙仲 → Wang shu shi 王樞使 Wang Qingming 王清明 Wang Qiu 王璆

Wang Renyu 王仁裕   → Kai yuan tian bao yi shi 開元天寶遺事 Wang Rixin 王日新

Wang Rumao 汪汝懋   → Shan ju si yao 山居四要 Wang Rui 王叡 Wang Rui 王睿

Wang Shanfu 王善夫

Wang Shaoyan 王紹顏 Wang shi 王氏 Wang shi 王師 Wang shi 汪氏

Wang Shipeng 王十朋 → Wang Meixi 王梅溪 Wang Shizhen 王世貞 Wang Shou 王收

Wang shu shi 王樞使 Wang Shucai 王叔才 Wang Shuhe 王叔和 Wang Shuo 王碩

Wang Shuya 王叔牙 Wang Su 王肅

Wang tai pu 王太仆 Wang Tao 王燾

Wang Tingxiang 王廷相 Wang Tong 王通

Wang Wei 王微 Wang Wei 王維

Wang wei Zijun 王尉子駿

Wang Wenzheng gong 王文正公

740 Wang Xi 王熙 → Wang Shuhe 王叔和 Wang Xi 王璽

Wang Xiang 王相

Wang Xianzhi 王獻之 → Wang Zijing 王子敬 Wang Xilou 王西樓

Wang Xingzhi 王性之 Wang Xizhi 王羲之

Wang Xuanhe 王懸河   → San dong zhu nang 三洞珠囊 Wang Yan 王顏 Wang Yan 王晏 Wang Yi 王廙 Wang Yi 王逸

Wang Zhuo 王灼

Wang Zibo 王子駁

Wang Zijing 王子敬

Wang Zinian 王子年 Wang Ziqiao 王子喬

Wang Zongxian 王宗顯 → Wang shi 王氏 Wang Zuo 王佐

Wangwu shanren 王屋山人 Wansu 完素

Wanyan Xun 完顏珣 → Jin Xuan zong 金宣宗 Wei Ao 蒍敖 → Sunshu Ao 孫叔敖

Wang Yin 王隱

Wei Ao 魏翱 → Wei Boyang 魏伯陽

Wang Ying 汪穎

Wei Dan 韋丹

Wang Yinzhe 王隱者

Wei furen 魏夫人

Wang Youliang 汪友良

Wei Huacun 魏華存 → Wei furen 魏夫人

Wang Ying 王英

Wei Boyang 魏伯陽

Wang Yinjun 王隱君

Wei Di 魏邸

Wang Yongfu 王永輔

Wei guo gong 魏國公

Wang Yuanzhi 王元之

Wang Yucheng 王禹偁 → Wang Yuanzhi 王元之

Wei Jidao 魏幾道 Wei Ju 韋居

Wang Yun 王筠

Wei Mingzhou 魏明州

Wang Zhen 王禎

Wei Shou 魏收   → Wei shu 魏書

Wang Zhaosui 王昭遂 Wang Zhen 王楨

Wang Zhi 王銍 → Wang Xing zhi 王性之

Wei shi 危氏

Wei Shu 韋述

Wei Shuqing 衛叔卿

Wang Zhigang 王之綱

Wei si ye 韋司業

Wang Zhongmian 王仲勉

Wei Wen di 魏文帝

Wang Zhizhong 王執中

Wei Tuo 尉佗

Wang Zhongni 王仲薿

Wei Wu di 魏武帝

741 Wei Xiang wang 魏襄王 Wei Xiao 魏校 → Wei Zicai 魏子才 Wei xiu cai 魏秀才

Wei Xuan 韋絢   → Liu Yuxi jia hua lu 劉禹錫嘉話錄

Wencheng huang hou 溫成皇后 Wenming 文明 Wu 吳

Wu 武 → Bei Zhou Wu di 北周武帝

Wei Yanshen 魏彥深

Wu 武 of Jin 晉 → Jin Wu di 晉武帝

Wei yuan jun 魏元君

Wu Anzhi 吳安之

Wei Yilin 危亦林 Wei Yun 韋雲

Wei Zhaizi 未齋子 Wei Zheng 魏徵

Wu Anpin 伍安貧 Wu Caolu 吳草廬 Wu Ce 吳策

Wei Zhi 魏直

Wu Chen 吳沉   → Qian jia xing 千家姓 

Wei Zhuang 韋莊

Wu Cheng 務成

Wen Cheng 文成

Wu Chengzi 務成子

Wen daoren 聞道人

Wu Daozi 吳道子

Wen Jiao 溫嶠

Wu Gang 吳剛

Wei Zhou 韋宙

Wu Cheng 吳澄

Wei Zicai 魏子才

Wu cheng xiang 武丞相

Wen Daming 溫大明 → Wen yin ju 溫隱居

Wu Congzheng 吳從政   → Xiang mian ji 襄沔記

Wen di 文帝

Wu Dongshu 武東叔

Wen Lin 文林   → Lang ye man chao 琅琊漫鈔

Wu guan cha 吳觀察

Wen Rengui 聞人規

Wu Jiong 毋炅

Wen Lugong 文潞公 Wen shi 文氏

Wen Tianxiang 文天祥 Wen wang 文王 Wen wei 溫尉

Wen Yanbo 文彥博 → Wen Lu gong 文潞公 Wen Yinju 溫隱居

Wen‘an gong 文安公 Wenbo 文伯

Wu hou 武后

Wu Jiong 毋煚 Wu Jun 吳均

Wu Kan 吳龕 Wu Lai 吳萊

Wu Meng 吳猛

Wu Meng zhenren 吳猛真人 Wu Min 吳旻

Wu Neihan 吳内翰 Wu Pu 吳普

Wu Qian 吳幵

742 Wu Qiu 吳球 Wu Rui 吳瑞

Xia De 夏德 → Xia Ziyi 夏子益

Wu seng Zan ning 吳僧贊寧

Xia Jie 夏桀

Wu shi 吳氏

Xia Song 夏竦 → Xia Ying gong 夏英公

Wu Ruxiang 武如香

Xia ji 夏姬

Wu Shao shi 吳少師

Xia shi 夏氏

Wu Shou 吳綬

Xia Ying gong 夏英公

Wu Shu 吳淑

Wu Tingshao 吳廷紹 Wu wang 武王

Xiahou Dan 夏侯鄲

Xiahou Hong 夏侯弘

Wu wang 吳王

Wu Xunjian 吳巡檢

Wu Yankui 吳彥夔   → Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適用方 Wu Yu 吳玉

Wu Yue wang 吳越王 Wu Zhao 武瞾 → Wu hou 武后

Wu zhu Deng furen 吳主鄧夫人 Wu Ziye 吳子野

Xiahou Shang 夏侯上 Xiahou Shang 夏侯尚 Xiahou Yun 夏侯鄆

Xian 獻 → Han Xian 漢獻 Xian di 獻帝

Xian zong 憲宗

Xiang Cheng 相誠

Xiang Ji 項籍 → Xiang Yu 項羽

Xiang shan si seng 湘山寺僧

Wuji 無忌

Xiang shi 項氏

X Xi Bian 席辨 Xi Bian 席辯 Xi Jian 郗鑒

Xi Qidan 奚契丹

Xi wang mu 西王母

Xi xi si seng 西溪寺僧

Xi yang jun wang 西陽郡王 Xi Yanshang 席延賞 Xi zong 僖宗

Xia Ziyi 夏子益

Xiang Yu 項羽 Xiangru 相如

Xianyu Shu 鮮于樞

Xianyu Shuming 鮮于叔明 Xiao 斅

Xiao Bing 蕭炳

Xiao, Cao, Jiang, Guan 蕭曹絳灌 Xiao Cunjing 蕭存敬 Xiao Dayin 蕭大尹

Xiao Duanshi 蕭端式 Xiao fu ma 蕭駙馬

Xiao Liaozhen 蕭了真

743 Xiao Luan 蕭鸞 → Qi Ming di 齊明帝 Xiao Shi 蕭史

Xiao Tong 蕭統   → Wen xuan 文選

Xiao Tingzhi 蕭廷芝 → Xiao Liaozhen 蕭了真

Xiao Xianming 蕭顯明

Xiao Xin 蕭欣 → Xiao Xianming 蕭顯明 Xiao Yan 蕭衍 → Liang Wu di 梁武帝

Xiao Yi 蕭繹 → Liang Yuan di 梁元帝

Xiao Ze 蕭賾 → Qi Wu di 齊武帝 Xiao Zhu 蕭注

Xiao Zilong 蕭子隆 → Jun wang Zilong 郡王子隆 Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯   → Nan Qi shu 南齊書

Xin jian yi 辛諫議

Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒

Xin luo seng 新羅僧

Xin Qiji 辛棄疾 → Xin Jiaxuan 辛稼軒 Xin Rensun 辛壬遜 Xin shi 辛氏

Xin Shisun 辛士遜

Xin Yinsun 辛夤孫 Xin Youzhi 辛祐之 Xing Bing 邢昺

Xing Caojin 刑曹進 Xing Caojin 邢曹進

Xing daoren 邢道人

Xing Hepu zhenren 邢和璞真人 Xing Tanzhai 邢坦齋

Xiong Ansheng 熊安生 → Xiong shi 熊氏 Xiong shi 熊氏

Xiaoshan 小山

Xiong Taigu 熊太古

Xie 契

Xiong Yanming 熊彥明   → Yi fang da cheng 醫方大成

Xiaoxiao 小小 Xie An 謝安

Xie Cheng 謝承

Xie daoren 謝道人

Xie Lingyun 謝靈運 Xie Renbo 謝任伯 Xie shi 謝氏

Xie Shitai 謝士泰

Xie Shuqian 解叔謙

Xie Weixin 謝維新   → Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧 Xie Zhongyu 謝仲玉 Xin 訢

Xiong Yancheng 熊彥誠

Xiong Zongli 熊宗立 Xiu Xiuzi 休休子 Xiu Yi 修已

Xiyu daoren 西域道人

Xiyu zhenren 西域真人 Xu Baiyun 許白雲

Xu Benzhai 徐本齋 Xu Biao 徐表

Xu Bowei 許伯威

Xu Changqing 徐長卿 Xu Daoheng 徐道亨

744 Xu du si 徐都司

Xu Xuan 徐鉉

Xu Guang 徐廣

Xu Yan wang 徐偃王

Xu feng yu 許奉御 Xu Hong 許洪 Xu Huan 許渾 Xu Ji 徐積

Xu Jian 徐堅

Xu Jieweng 徐介翁

Xu Jingzong 許敬宗   → Tang Tai zong shi lu 唐太宗實錄  Xu Kai 徐鍇 

Xu Ke’an 徐克安 Xu Ming 許明

Xu Mingze 許明則

Xu Muzhai 徐木齋

Xu Qian 許謙 → Xu Baiyun 許白雲 Xu Renze 許仁則

Xu Shanxin 許善心 Xu Shen 許慎

Xu Shenweng 徐神翁 Xu shi 許氏 Xu shi 徐氏

Xu shi jun 徐使君

Xu Shouxin 徐守信 → Xu Shenweng 徐神翁 Xu Shouzhen 徐守貞 → Xu shi 徐氏

Xu xueshi 許學士

Xu Yanchun 徐彥純 Xu Yaochen 許堯臣 Xu Yi 徐儀

Xu Yinzong 許胤宗

Xu Yongcheng 徐用誠 Xu Yongxuan 徐用宣 Xu You 許由

Xu Yuan 許遠

Xu Yuangong 許元公 Xu Zhen 徐稹

Xu Zhicai 徐之才 Xuan 軒 Xuan 鉉

Xuan fu 宣父

Xuan sheng 宣聖

Xuan wu 玄武 → Zhen wu 真武 Xuan zong 玄宗

Xuanshou xiansheng 玄壽先生 Xuanyuan 軒轅

Xuanyuan shi 軒轅氏 Xuanzhen 玄真 Xue Ji 薛己

Xue shi 薛氏

Xu Shuwei 許叔微

Xue shi 穴氏

Xu tai cheng 徐太丞

Xue Ying 薛瑩

Xu Sibo 徐嗣伯

Xue Tian 薛田

Xu wang 徐王

Xue Ying 薛瑩 → Xue shi 薛氏

Xu Wenbo 徐文伯

Xu Xiaochong 許孝崇 Xu Xiaozong 許孝宗

Xue Yongruo 薛用弱 Xun 珣

745 Xun Bozi 荀伯子

Yang Daoqing 楊道慶

Xun zi 荀子

Yang Dengfu 楊登甫

y Yan 訮

Yan Di 炎帝 → Li shan shi 厲山氏 Yan Fen 顔奮

Yan Feng 晏封

Yan Guanglu 顔光祿

Yan guo gong 燕國公

Yang di 煬帝

Yang fei 楊妃

Yang Fu 楊孚

Yang Gong 楊拱 Yang gong 羊公

Yang Guang 楊廣 → Sui Yang di 隋煬帝 Yang gui fei 楊貴妃

Yang Guihou 楊歸厚

Yan Jinjue 嚴緊絶

Yang Jian 楊堅 → Sui Wen di 隋文帝

Yan shi 顔氏

Yang Jie 楊介

Yan shi 嚴氏

Yan Shigu 顔師古 Yan Situi 顔思退

Yan Xiaozhong 閻孝忠 Yan Xiu 延秀

Yan Yanzhi 顔延之 → Yan Guanglu 顔光祿 Yan Ying 晏嬰 → Yan zi 晏子

Yan Yonghe 嚴用和 Yan Youyi 嚴有翼

Yan Yuexuan 嚴月軒 Yan Zhitui 顔之推

Yan zhong cheng 嚴中丞 Yan Zhou 顔籀 → Yan Shigu 顔師古 Yan Zhu 嚴助 Yan zi 晏子

Yan Zili 嚴子禮

Yang Cheng 楊誠

Yang Chengzhai 楊誠齋

Yang Jianshi 楊建始 Yang Jilao 楊吉老 Yang Jing 楊倞

Yang Kanghou 楊康侯 → Yang Zijian 楊子建 Yang Kui 楊夔

Yang Lianfu 楊廉夫 Yang Lizhi 楊立之 Yang Mian 楊勔 Yang Qi 楊起

Yang Qingsou 楊清叟 Yang Quan 楊泉

Yang Renzhai 楊仁齋 Yang Shen 楊慎

Yang Sheng’an 楊昇庵 Yang shi 楊氏

Yang Shicheng 楊士丞 Yang Shiying 楊士瀛

Yang si cheng 楊寺丞 Yang Sunzhi 楊損之

746 Yang Taizhen 楊太真 → Yang gui fei 楊貴妃

Yang Tan 楊倓

Yang Tianhui 楊天惠 Yang Wanli 楊萬里

Yang Weizhen 楊維楨

Yao Liang 姚亮 Yao Qu 瑤 

Yao Sengtan 姚僧坦

Yao Sengyuan 姚僧垣 Yao shi 姚氏

Yang Xin 羊欣

Yao Silian 姚思廉   → Liang shu 梁書

Yang Xiong 楊雄

Ye Chaoyi 葉朝議

Yang Xiong 揚雄 Yang Xuanzhi 楊玄之 Yang Xuanzhi 楊衒之 → Yang shi 楊氏 Yang Xun 楊珣 Yang Yan 楊炎 Yang Yi 楊億

Yang yi lao Zhu 瘍醫老祝

Yang Yin 楊愔 → Yang Zunyan 楊遵彥 Yang Yu 楊嵎

Yang Zijian 楊子建

Yang Zunyan 楊遵彥

Yangcheng Xuqu 陽城胥渠

Yangcheng Quxu 陽城渠胥 Yanshan 演山

Yao wang pusa 藥王菩薩 Ye Dalian 葉大廉 → Ye shi 葉氏

Ye Fashan 葉法善 Ye Jing 葉敬

Ye Mengde 葉夢得 Ye Sheng 葉盛 Ye shi 葉氏

Ye Shijie 葉世傑

Ye Shilin 葉石林

Ye tianshi 葉天師

Ye Tinggui 葉庭珪 Ye Tinggui 葉廷珪 Ye Tingqi 葉廷器

Ye Wenling 葉文齡 → Ye shi 葉氏

Yanwen 言聞

Ye Zhi 葉寘   → Tanzhai bi heng 坦齋筆衡

Yao 堯

Yi 乙

Yao Fu 姚福

Yi Di 儀狄

Yao Hezhong 姚和衆

Yi lao 易老

Yanshan shi 演山氏 Yanxiu 彥修

Ye Ziqi 葉子奇

Yao Bosheng 姚伯聲

Yi 羿

Yao Hezhong 姚和仲

Yi guo gong 儀國公

Yao Kangchao 姚康朝 → Kangchao 康朝

Yimen zi 羡門子

Yao Kuan 姚寬

Yi Qi 夷齊

Yi shui 易水

747 Yi yin 伊尹

Yin 尹 → Yi yin 伊尹

Yin 尹 → Yin Jifu 尹吉甫 Yin Boqi 尹伯奇 Yin gong 尹公

Yin Jifu 尹吉甫 Yin shi 陰氏

Yin Shou 尹壽

Yin Xi 尹喜 → Guan yin zi 關尹子 Yin Zhongkan 殷仲堪

Yu Gang 余綱 → Yu Jushi 余居士 Yu Gun 庾袞

Yu Huan 魚豢   → Wei lüe 魏略 Yu Jianwu 庾肩吾 Yu Jushi 余居士 Yu Lei 鬱壘

Yu Shinan 虞世南 Yu Shiyan 於世彥

Yu Tongfeng 俞通奉 Yu Tuan 虞摶

Yin Zifang 陰子方

Yu Tuan 虞漙   → Jiang biao zhuan 江表傳

Ying 穎

Yu Yan 俞琰

Yin Ziyan 殷子嚴 Ying gong 英公

Ying guo gong 英國公 Ying hou 應侯

Ying Shao 應劭 Ying Shao 應邵

Yu Yan 余琰

Yu Yiqi 喻益期 Yu Yiqi 俞益期

Yu Yong gong 虞雍公

Yu Yunwen 虞允文 → Yu Yong gong 虞雍公

Ying Ziying 嬴子嬰 → Qin wang 秦王

Yu Zongben 俞宗本

Yingyang zi 穎陽子

Yuan Da 袁達

Yingchen 穎臣

Yingyang zi 潁陽子 Yingzhi 應之

Yinju xiansheng 隱居先生 Yinzong 胤宗

You Jiuyan 游九言 → You Mozhai 游默齋 You Mozhai 游默齋 Yousong shi 有娀氏 Yu 禹 Yu 俁

Yuan 原 Yuan 源

Yuan Dexiu 元德秀 Yuan Hao 元顥

Yuan Haowen 元好問 → Yuan Yishan 元遺山

Yuan Hong 元宏 → Hou Wei Xiao Wen di 後魏孝文帝 Yuan Hui 元徽

Yuan Shi zu 元世祖

Yuan Xisheng 元希聲

748 Yuan Yishan 元遺山

Zeng shi 曾氏

Yuan Zhongyang 袁仲陽

Zeng Tang 曾棠

Yuan Zhen 元稹 Yuan Zi 袁滋

Yuanhua 元化

Zeng Shirong 曾世榮 Zeng tong pan 曾通判

Yuansu 元素

Zeng Tongshi 曾通仕 → Zeng Wei 曾尉

Yue wang 越王

Zeng Yuan 曾原

Yue Shi 樂史

Zeng wei 曾尉

Yue Xiaoman 樂小蠻

Zeng Zao 曾慥 → Zeng Duanbo 曾端伯

Yuechi 月池

Yuechi weng 月池翁 Yuechi zi 月池子

Zeng zi 曾子

Zeng Ziren 曾子仁 Zha Dao 查道

Yuechi 月池

Zhan 展

Yun 雲

Zhan jiao shou 詹教授

Yun 鄆

Zhang 張

Yunqi zi 雲岐子

Zhang bai hu 張百戶

Yunwen 允文

Yutian yinzhe 玉田隱者 Yuxi 禹錫

Z Zai chuan wang mei ren 菑川王美人 Zan Yin 昝殷

Zanneng 贊能 Zanning 贊寧

Zeng Duanbo 曾端伯 Zeng Fuxian 曾孚先

Zeng Gongliang 曾公亮 → Zeng Lu gong 曾魯公 Zeng Jingren 曾景仁

Zeng Lu gong 曾魯公

Zeng Maozhao 曾茂昭 → Zeng tong pan 曾通判

Zhang Bi 張弼 → Zhang Donghai 張東海 Zhang Bi 張璧 → Yunqi zi 雲岐子 Zhang Bo 張勃

Zhang Bocang 張寶藏 Zhang Buyu 張不愚 Zhang Cang 張蒼

Zhang Changmin 張昌明 Zhang Changshi 張昌時

Zhang Chengzhong 張成忠 Zhang Chi 張勅

Zhang Congzheng 張從正

Zhang Cunhui 張存惠 → Zhang Weiqing 張魏卿 Zhang Daheng 張大亨

Zhang Daoling 張道陵 → Zhang Tian shi 張天師

749 Zhang Degong 張德恭 Zhang Dexing 張得興

Zhang Jingxiu 張景修 → Zhang Minshu 張敏叔

Zhang Dianbing 張典兵

Zhang Jiu 張九

Zhang Donghai 張東海

Zhang Junbao 張君寶 → Zhang Sanfeng 張三豐

Zhang Di 張敵

Zhang Jingyang 張景陽

Zhang Ding 張鼎

Zhang Jiuling 張九齡

Zhang Gao 張杲 Zhang Gao 張告

Zhang gong 張公

Zhang gong zhu 長公主 Zhang gui fei 張貴妃 Zhang Guo 張果 Zhang Han 張翰

Zhang Heng 張衡

Zhang Hong 張肱

Zhang Hongyin 張肱隱 → Zhang Hong 張肱

Zhang Junfang 張君房

Zhang Junqing 章俊卿 Zhang Kang 張康

Zhang Kuangye 張匡業 Zhang Kuangye 張匡鄴 Zhang Lei 張耒 Zhang Lu 張路 Zhang Lu 張潞

Zhang Maoxian 張茂先 Zhang Miao 張苗

Zhang hou 張后

Zhang Minshu 張敏叔

Zhang Hua bei 張華輩

Zhang Qian 張騫

Zhang Huan 張渙

Zhang Qizheng 張七政

Zhang Hua 張華

Zhang Mu 張牧

Zhang Huan 張煥

Zhang Qingchuan 張清川

Zhang Ji 張籍

Zhang Quanyi 張全一 → Zhang Sanfeng 張三豐

Zhang Ji 張機

Zhang Jia 張甲

Zhang Jian 張薦

Zhang Jianfeng 張建封 Zhang Jie 張杰 Zhang Jie 章杰

Zhang Jiegu 張潔古 Zhang Jing 張景 Zhang Jing 張經

Zhang jing li chao qing 張經歷朝請 Zhang Jingsheng 張景聲

Zhang Que 張愨 Zhang Rui 張銳

Zhang Runzhi 張潤之 Zhang Ruyi 張如意

Zhang Ruyu 章如愚 → Zhang Junqing 章俊卿 Zhang Sanfeng 張三豐

Zhang Sanfeng zhenren 張三豐真人 Zhang shang she 張上舍

Zhang Shang ying 張商英 → Zhang Tianjue 張天覺

750 Zhang Shangke 張尚客

Zhang Xiaobiao 章孝標

Zhang shi 張氏

Zhang Xie 張協

Zhang Shao 張韶

Zhang shi lang 張侍郎 Zhang Shinan 張世南

Zhang Shiche 張時徹   → She sheng zhong miao fang 攝生衆妙方 Zhang Shizheng 張師正 Zhang Shou 張收 Zhang Shou 張壽

Zhang Shumin 張叔敏

Zhang Shuo 張説 → Yan guo gong 燕國公 Zhang Shuqian 張叔潛 Zhang si kong 張司空 Zhang Sishun 張思順

Zhang Sizheng 張思正

Zhang Song 張松   → Jiu yuan fang 究原方 Zhang tai yin 張太尹 Zhang Tang 張湯

Zhang Tianjue 張天覺

Zhang Xiaoxiao 張小小

Zhang xing bu Zigao 張刑部子臯 Zhang Yanshang 張延賞 Zhang Yi 張揖

Zhang Yong 張詠

Zhang Yongqian 張用謙   → Yi fang zhai xuan 醫方摘玄 Zhang Yuan 張淵 → Zhang Shuqian 張叔潛 Zhang Yuansu 張元素 Zhang Yuxi 掌禹錫 Zhang Zhan 張湛

Zhang Zhihe 張知閤 Zhang Zhihe 張志和

Zhang Zhongjing 張仲景 Zhang Zhou 張周

Zhang Zhoufeng 張周封 Zhang Zhu 張柱

Zhang Zhuo 張鷟

Zhang Zifa 張子發

Zhang tianshi 張天師

Zhang Zigao 張子臯 → Zhang xing bu Zigao 張刑部子臯

Zhang Tiao 張岧

Zhang Zihe 張子和

Zhang Weiqing 張魏卿

Zhang Zisheng 張子聲

Zhang Tianxi 張天錫

Zhang Wanqiu 張宛丘

Zhang Wenshu 張文叔 Zhang Wenwei 張文蔚 Zhang Wenyi 張文懿

Zhang Ziren 張子仁

Zhang Zitong 張子通 Zhangfang 長房

Zhang Wenzhong 張文仲

Zhao Bi 趙佖 → Yi guo gong 儀國公

Zhang xiang gong 張相公

Zhao Cai 趙蔡

Zhang Xi 張裼

Zhao Bigong 趙辟公

Zhang Xiao 張小

Zhao dai zhi Ting 趙待制霆

751 Zhao di 昭帝

Zhao Dun 趙惇 → Song Guang zong 宋光宗 Zhao E 趙鄂

Zhao Gou 趙構 → Song Gao zong 宋高宗 Zhao Guangyi 趙光義 → Song Tai zong 宋太宗 Zhao Guangyin 趙匡胤 → Song Tai zu 宋太祖 Zhao Guze 趙古則

Zhao Heng 趙恆 → Song Zhen zong 宋真宗 Zhao Ji 趙佶 → Song Hui zong 宋徽宗

Zhao shi 趙氏

Zhao Shiyan 趙士衍 Zhao Shiyu 趙士紆

Zhao Shu 趙曙 → Song Ying zong 宋英宗 Zhao Shuwen 趙叔文 Zhao Sizhen 趙嗣真 Zhao tai wei 趙太尉 Zhao Ting 趙霆 Zhao Tuo 趙佗

Zhao Wangyuan 趙王囦

Zhao Wuling wang 趙武靈王 Zhao Xihu 趙希鵠

Zhao Jianzi 趙簡子

Zhao Xu 趙煦 → Song Zhe zong 宋哲宗

Zhao Jin 趙溍

Zhao Ye 趙頁 → Shen zong 神宗

Zhao Jizong 趙繼宗

Zhao yin 趙尹

Zhao Jifu 趙季敷 → Zhao Shuwen 趙叔文 Zhao Jiong 趙炅 → Song Tai zong 宋太宗 Zhao Junyou 趙君猷 Zhao Kui 趙葵

Zhao Kuo 趙擴 → Song Ning zong 宋寧宗 Zhao Minze 趙民則

Zhao Qi 趙祺 → Song Du zong 宋度宗 Zhao Qing 趙卿 Zhao Qu 趙瞿

Zhao Quan 趙泉

Zhao Rui 趙睿 → Song Xiao zong 宋孝宗 Zhao Ruji 趙汝暨 → Zhao shang shu 趙尚書 Zhao shang shu 趙尚書

Zhao Xuan 趙宣

Zhao Ye 趙曄   → Wu Yue chun qiu 吳越春秋 Zhao Yizhen 趙宜真

Zhao Yuanyang 趙原陽

Zhao Yuanyang zhenren 趙原陽真人 Zhao Yushi 趙與峕

Zhao Yuyuan 趙玉囦 Zhao Yuyuan 趙玉淵

Zhao zhenren 趙真人

Zhao Zimian 趙自勔   → Zao hua quan yu 造化權輿 Zhao Zhen 趙禎 → Song Ren zong 宋仁宗 Zhao zhi fu 趙知府

Zhao Zishan 趙子山 Zhaoliang 昭亮

752 Zhe zong 哲宗

Zheng Xunmei 鄭洵美

Zhen Dexiu 真德秀 → Zhen Xishan 真西山

Zheng Yu 鄭魚

Zhen 珍

Zhen la shi zhe 真臘使者 Zhen Liyan 甄立言 Zhen Quan 甄權 Zhen shi 甄氏

Zhen Wu 真武

Zhen Xishan 真西山 Zhen zong 真宗

Zhenbai xiansheng 貞白先生 Zheng Chuhui 鄭處誨 → Zheng shi 鄭氏

Zheng Duanyou 鄭端友 → Zheng shi 鄭氏 Zheng fu ma 鄭駙馬

Zheng Yanshan 鄭岩山 Zheng zhong cheng 鄭中丞 Zheng Zongwen 鄭宗文 Zhenheng 震亨 Zhenren 真人 Zhi 志

Zhi Facun 支法存 Zhi tai yi 支太醫 Zhi Yu 摯虞 Zhicai 之才

Zhichuan 稚川 Zhiyan 智嚴 Zhiyue 志約

Zhong Hui 鍾會

Zheng Jizhi 鄭緝之   → Yong jia ji 永嘉記

Zhong Jun 終軍

Zheng Qian 鄭虔

Zhong Si 仲思

Zheng Kangcheng 鄭康成 Zheng Qiao 鄭樵 Zheng shi 鄭氏

Zheng Shifu 鄭師甫 Zheng Shiju 鄭時舉

Zheng Shuxiong 鄭叔熊 Zheng Siyuan 鄭思遠

Zheng Sui 鄭遂   → Qia wen ji 洽聞記

Zheng xiang guo 鄭相國 Zheng Xiao 鄭曉 Zheng Xie 鄭獬

Zheng xiong 鄭兄

Zheng Xiquan 鄭西泉 Zheng Xuan 鄭玄

Zhong Kui 中馗 Zhong Kui 鍾馗 Zhong sou 仲叟

Zhong Wan 鍾岏 Zhong Yu 鍾毓

Zhong Zhen 鐘針 Zhongjing 仲景

Zhongming 仲明

Zhongqiu shanren 中岳山人 Zhongyang 仲陽 Zhou 周

Zhou Bi 周弼

Zhou Bida 周必大

Zhou Bitai 周必太

Zhou Boqi 周伯琦   → Shuo wen zi yuan 説文字原

753 Zhou Caochuang 周草窗

Zhu Chengyan 朱成言

Zhou chong ban yuan 周崈班縁

Zhu Duanzhang 朱端章

Zhou chanshi 周禪師 Zhou chong 周崈 Zhou Chu 周處

Zhou Daguan 周達觀

Zhou Dian xian 周顛仙

Zhou Ding wang 周定王 Zhou gong 周公

Zhu Danxi 朱丹溪

Zhu Fazhen 竺法真 Zhu Fengyi 朱奉議 Zhu Fu 朱輔

Zhu Fushan 朱輔山 Zhu Gong 朱肱

Zhou Gu 周顧

Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜 → Shi zong Su huang di 世宗肅皇帝

Zhou Jing wang 周景王

Zhu Houkun 朱厚焜 → Fu shun wang 富順王

Zhou Han gong zhu 周漢公主 Zhou Junchao 周君巢

Zhou Liangcai 周良采

Zhu Houquan 朱厚烇 → Jing Duan wang 荊端王

Zhou Mi 周密

Zhu Hui’an 朱晦庵

Zhou Liheng 周離亨

Zhou Mu wang 周穆王 Zhou Riyong 周日用

Zhou Shihou 周師厚

Zhu Huan 朱桓 Zhu Jie 朱節

Zhu Mu 祝穆

Zhou Shouzhen 周守真

Zhu Quan 朱權 → Ning Xian wang 寧獻王

Zhou tai gong 周太公

Zhu shi 庶氏

Zhou Wen wang 周文王 → Wen wang 文王

Zhu Shouren 朱守仁

Zhou Xian wang 周憲王

Zhu Xi 朱熹 → Zhu zi 朱子

Zhou Shu 周敘

Zhu shi 祝氏

Zhou tui guan 周推官

Zhu shi 朱氏

Zhou Wencai 周文采 Zhou Xingsi 周興嗣 Zhou Yi 周顗

Zhou Ying 周應 Zhou zi 周子

Zhu Anyu 朱安㳚   → Jin nang shi dui 錦囊詩對 Zhu Chen 朱齔

Zhu Song 朱頌

Zhu Wengong 朱文公

Zhu Xiao 朱橚 → Zhou Ding wang 周定王 Zhu xiu cai 朱秀才 Zhu Xuan 竺暄 Zhu Yang 朱崸 Zhu Ying 朱應

754 Zhu Yiweng 銖衣翁

Zhu Youdun 朱有燉 → Zhou Xianwang 周憲王 Zhu Youlan 朱祐欄 → Jing He wang 荊和王 Zhu Yuancheng 朱元成

Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 → Tai zu Gao huang di 太祖高皇帝

Zhu Zaiyong 朱載塎 → Du chang wang 都昌王 Zhu Zhen 竺真

Zhu Zhenheng 朱震亨 Zhu Zhong 朱仲

Zhu Zhongfu 朱仲孚 Zhu zi 朱子

Zongshi 宗奭

Zou Heshang 鄒和尚 Zou Lang 鄒閬

Zu Chongzhi 祖沖之 Zu Taizhi 祖臺之 Zu Ting 祖珽 Zuo Ci 左慈

Zuo Fen 左棻 → Zuo Guipin 左貴嬪 Zuo Fen 左芬 → Zuo Guipin 左貴嬪

Zuo Gui 左圭   → Bai chuan xue hai 百川學海 Zuo gui pin 左貴嬪

Zhuang Jiang 莊姜

Zuo Keming 左克名   → Gu yue fu 古樂府 (2)

Zhuang zi 莊子

Zuo Si 左思

Zhuang Zhou 莊周 Zhuge Kongming 諸葛孔明 Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮

Zhuo Wenjun 卓文君 Zhuru zi 朱孺子 Zi 孜

Zi gong yu nü 紫宮玉女 Zigai 子蓋

Zigao 子羔 Zihe 子和

Zinan 子南

Zirong 子容

Ziting zhenren 紫庭真人 Ziwei furen 紫微夫人 Ziyu 子郁

Zong Dingbo 宗定伯 Zong Lin 宗懍 Zong Ze 宗澤

Zuo shi 左氏

Zuo Zhongshu 左仲恕

755

Appendix D List of Entries of Literary Sources

a Ai ye zhuan 艾葉傳

B Ba cao ling bian pian 八草靈變篇 Ba cui fang 拔萃方 Ba di sheng hua jing 八帝聖化經 Ba di xuan bian jing 八帝玄變經 Ba Shu yi wu zhi 巴蜀異物志 Bai bing fang 百病方 Bai chuan xue hai 百川學海 Bai fa bian 白髮辨 Bai Feixia fang 白飛霞方 Bai gan lu 百感錄

Bai hu tong 白虎通 Bai Kong liu tie 白孔六帖 Bai Letian ji 白樂天集 Bai Letian shi 白樂天詩 Bai shi 稗史 Bai shi chang qing ji 白氏長慶集 → Chang qing ji 長慶集 Bai ta sui 白獺髓 Bai yi 百一 Bai yi fang 百一方 Bai yi xuan fang 百一選方 Bai ze tu 白澤圖 Ban lun cui ying 癍論萃英 Bao he fang 保和方 Bao huo bian yi 寶貨辨疑

756 Bao jian 寶鑒

Ben cao gang mu 本草綱目

Bao ming ji 保命集

Ben cao ge kuo 本草歌括

Bao qing ji 保慶集

Ben cao hui bian 本草會編

Bao sheng fang 保生方

Ben cao ji yao 本草集要

Bao sheng yu lu 保生餘錄

Ben cao ji yi 本草集議

Bao shi fang 鮑氏方

Ben cao jing 本草經

Bao shi xiao er fang 鮑氏小兒方

Ben cao meng quan 本草蒙筌

Bao shou fang 保壽方

Ben cao quan du 本草權度

Bao shou tang fang 保壽堂方

Ben cao shi ji 本草十劑

Bao shou tang jing yan fang 保壽堂經驗方

Ben cao shi yi 本草拾遺

Bao ying ji 保嬰集 Bao you da quan 保幼大全 Bao you da quan fang 保幼大全方 Bao zang lun 寶藏論 Baopu 抱朴 Baopu zi 抱朴子 Bei di she gui lu 北帝攝鬼錄 Bei hu lu 北戶錄 Bei ji 備急 Bei ji fang 備急方 Bei meng suo yan 北夢瑣言 Bei shan jing 北山經 Bei shi 北史 Bei tang shu chao 北堂書鈔 Bei yuan cha lu 北苑茶錄 Bei zheng lu 北征錄

Ben cao tu jing 本草圖經 Ben cao xing shi lei 本草性事類 Ben cao yan yi 本草衍義 Ben cao yan yi bu yi 本草衍義補遺 Ben cao yin yi 本草音義 Ben cao zhi nan 本草指南 Ben jing 本經 Ben shi 本事 Ben shi fang 本事方 Ben shi shi 本事詩 Ben zang lun 本臟論 Bi heng 筆衡 Bi ji 筆記 Bi pu 筆譜 Bi shi 鄙事 Bi shu lu 避暑錄

Ben cao 本草

Bi shu lu hua 避暑錄話 → Bi shu lu 避暑錄

Ben cao bie shuo 本草別説

Bi shui fang 避水方

Ben cao bu yi 本草補遺

Bi shui ji yan fang 避水集驗方

Ben cao fa hui 本草發揮

Bi tan 筆談

757 Bi xiao 必效

Bing yuan lun 病原論

Bi xiao fang 必效方

Bing zhong xie Li li bu hui he li lei ye shi 病中謝李吏部惠訶黎勒葉詩

Bi yong 必用 Bi yong fang 必用方 Bi yong shi zhi fang 必用食治方 Bian chan xu zhi 便產須知 Bian hua lun 變化論 Bian huo lun 辨惑論 Bian lan 便覽 Bian min fang 便民方 Bian min shi liao 便民食療 Bian min shi liao fang 便民食療方 Bian min tu zuan 便民圖纂 Bian Que fang 扁鵲方 Bie bao jing 別寶經 Bie ben 別本 Bie ben zhu 別本注 Bie lu 別錄 Bie shuo 別説

Binhu fang 瀕湖方 Binhu ji jian fang 瀕湖集簡方 Binhu jing yan fang 瀕湖經驗方 Binhu yi an 瀕湖醫案 Bo ai xin jian 博愛心鑒 Bo ji fang 博濟方 Bo wu zhi 博物志 Bo ya 博雅 Bo zhai bian 泊宅編 Boluomen seng fang 波羅門僧方 Bu she shuo 捕蛇説 Bu yi 補遺 Bu yi fang 補遺方 Bu zhu 補注 Bu zhu ben cao 補注本草 Bu zi mi fang 不自秘方

Bifeng fang 筆峰方

C

Bin feng 豳風 Bin shi 豳詩 Bin tui lu 賓退錄 Bing bu shou ji 兵部手集 Bing bu shou ji fang 兵部手集方 Bing ji fu 病機賦 Bing ji qi yi bao ming ji 病機氣宜保命集 Bing lang shi 檳榔詩 Bing neng lun 病能論 Bing yuan 病源

Cai pu 菜譜 Cai shi shi hua 蔡氏詩話 Cai Tao cong hua 蔡絛叢話 Cai Tao cong tan 蔡絛叢談 Cai zhi tu 採芝圖 Can tong qi 參同契 Cang gong zhuan 倉公傳 Cang Jie jie gu 倉頡解詁 Cang Jie jie gu 蒼頡解詁

758 Cao lu ji 草廬集

Chen shi ben cao 陳氏本草

Cao mu shu 草木疏

Chen shi fang 陳氏方

Cao mu zhuang 草木狀

Chen shi jing yan fang 陳氏經驗方

Cao Zijian ji 曹子建集

Chen shi shi yi 陳氏拾遺

Caomu zi 草木子

Chen shi xiao er fang 陳氏小兒方

Ce fu yuan gui 冊府元龜

Chen Shigu fang 陳師古方

Cen Can shi ji 岑參詩集

Chen Shiliang ben cao 陳士良本草

Cha dui 茶對

Chen Wenzhong fang 陳文中方

Cha jing 茶經

Chen Xun fang 陳巽方

Cha pu 茶譜

Chen Zhizhai ji 陳止齋集

Cha shan jie dui 茶山節對 → Cha dui 茶對

Chen Zi’ang ji 陳子昂集

Cha shuo 茶説 Cha xu 茶序 Chan bao 產寶 Chan bao fang 產寶方 Chan bao jian 產寶鑒 Chan ru 產乳 Chan ru fang 產乳方 Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方 Chan ru shu 產乳書 Chan shu 產書 Chang pu zhuan 菖蒲傳 Chang qing ji 長慶集 Chao shi ke hua 晁氏客話 Chao shi ke yu 晁氏客語 Chao ye qian zai 朝野僉載 Chao zhou zhi 潮州志 Chen Baisha ji 陳白沙集 Chen Cangqi ben cao 陳藏器本草 Chen Jiamo ben cao 陳嘉謨本草

Cheng shi yi shu 程氏遺書 Cheng zhai ji 誠齋集 Cheng Zhou zuo Wu 程周佐吳 Cheng zi yi shu 程子遺書 Chong guang bao shen xin xiao fang 重廣保生信效方 → Xin xiao fang 信效方 Chong zhu 重注 Chu Cheng yi shu 褚澄遺書 Chu ci 楚詞 Chu ci 楚辭 Chu guo xian xian zhuan 楚國先賢傳 Chu ji shi 楮記室 Chu ji shi 褚記室 Chu qian cao shi 除䕭草詩 Chu sao 楚騷 Chu shi xi yu ji 出使西域記 Chu shi yi shu 褚氏遺書 Chu xue ji 初學記 Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方

759 Chuan jia mi bao mai zheng kou jue bing fang   傳家秘寶脈證口訣病方 → Chuan jia mi bao fang 傳家秘寶方

Cui Yuanliang fang 崔元亮方

Chuan xin 傳信

Da guan 大觀

Chuan xin fang 傳信方 Chuan xin fang 傳心方 Chuan xin shi yong fang 傳信適用方

d Da guan ben cao 大觀本草 Da huang jing 大荒經 Da kang di ji 大康地記

Chuan xin shi yong miao fang 傳信适 用妙方

Da Ming hui dian 大明會典

Chuang ke xin yao 瘡科心要

Da quan fang 大全方

Chun qiu 春秋 Chun qiu kao yi you 春秋考異郵 Chun qiu qian tan ba 春秋潛潭巴 Chun qiu ti ci 春秋題辭 Chun qiu yuan ming bao 春秋元命包 Chun qiu yun dou shu 春秋運斗樞

Da Ming yi tong zhi 大明一統志 Da quan liang fang 大全良方 Da Tao Yinju lai zhu jian qi   答陶隱居賚术煎啓 Da xiao fang 大效方 Da ye lu 大業錄 Da ye shi yi ji 大業拾遺記

Chun qiu Zuo zhuan zhu shu 春秋左傳注疏

Da ye shi yi lu 大業拾遺錄

Chun zhu ji wen 春渚紀聞

Dai du fu 代都賦

Chunyu Yi zhuan 淳於意傳 Chuo geng lu 輟耕錄 Ci shi nan zhi 此事難知 Ci xi ri chao 慈溪日鈔 Cu yi ji 徂異記 Cui Fang ben cao 崔昉本草 Cui shi fang 崔氏方 Cui Shi yue ling 崔寔月令 Cui shi zuan yao 崔氏纂要 Cui shi zuan yao fang 崔氏纂要方 Cui Wei gong zhuan 崔魏公傳

Da zhao 大招 Dai Yuanli fang 戴原禮方 Dan fang jian yuan 丹房鑒源 Dan fang jing yuan 丹房鏡源 Dan liao 澹寮 Dan liao fang 澹寮方 Dan liao ji yan bi fang 澹寮集驗秘方 → Dan liao fang 澹寮方 Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄 Dan qian zong lu 丹鉛總錄 → Dan qian lu 丹鉛錄 Dan Ran fang 單驤方 Dan sha mi jue 丹砂秘訣

760 Dan sha yao jue 丹砂要訣

Di wang shi ji 帝王世紀

Dan shu 丹書

Di zhi 地志

Dan tai lu 丹臺錄

Dian shu 典術

Dan yao mi jue 丹藥秘訣

Ding lan shuo 訂蘭説

Dang shi 蕩詩

Dingzhai fang 定齋方

Danxi bu yi 丹溪補遺

Dong Bing fang 董炳方

Danxi huo tao 丹溪活套

Dong Bing yan fang 董炳驗方

Danxi xin fa 丹溪心法

Dong du fu 東都賦

Danxi xin fa fu yu 丹溪心法附餘

Dong guan Han ji 東觀漢記

Danxi yi an 丹溪醫案

Dong guan ji 東觀記

Danxi zhai xuan 丹溪摘玄

Dong guan mi ji 東觀秘記

Danxi zhai xuan fang 丹溪摘玄方

Dong Han shu 東漢書

Danxi zuan yao 丹溪纂要

Dong jing fu 東京賦

Dao cang fa lun 倒倉法論

Dong ming ji 洞冥記

Dao cang lun 倒倉論

Dong shan jing 東山經

Dao jing 道經

Dong shi fang 董氏方

Dao lan shuo 盗蘭説

Dong shi ji yan fang 董氏集驗方

Dao shu 道書

Dong tian bao sheng lu 洞天保生錄

Dao zang 道藏

Dong tian lu 洞天錄

Dao zang jing 道藏經

Dong tian qing lu 洞天清錄

De sheng tang fang 德生堂方

Dong wei zhi 洞微志

De sheng tang jing yan fang 德生堂經驗方

Dong yang fang 東陽方

De xiao fang 得效方 Deng Bifeng fang 鄧筆峰方 Deng Cai qing xing 鄧才清興 Deng Luo fu shan shu 登羅浮山疏 Deng zhen yin jue 登真隱訣 Di dan fang jian 滴丹方鑒 Di jing tu 地鏡圖 Di li zhi 地理志

Dong zi 董子 Dongfang Qiu fu 東方虯賦 Dongfang Shuo bie zhuan 東方朔別傳 Dongfang Shuo zhuan 東方朔傳 Donghua zhenren zhu shi fa 東華真人煮石法 Donghua zhenren zhu shi jing 東華真人煮石經 Dongpo jia cang fang 東坡家藏方

761 Dongpo liang fang 東坡良方

Du Zhenglun fang 杜正倫方

Dongpo shi ji 東坡詩集

Du Zimei ji 杜子美集

Dongyuan fang 東垣方

Duan shi bei hu lu 段氏北戶錄

Dongyuan shi xiao fang 東垣試效方

Duan xiao fang 端效方

Dongyuan zhen zhu nang 東垣珍珠囊

Dun jia Kai shan tu 遁甲開山圖

Dou men 斗門

Dun jia shu 遁甲書

Dou men fang 斗門方

Dun zhai xian lan 遁齋閒覽

Dou men jing 斗門經

Dun zhai xian lan 遯齋閒覽

Dou zhen ba shi yi lun 痘疹八十一論

Duo neng bi shi 多能鄙事

Dou zhen bian lan 痘疹便覽

Duo neng fang 多能方

Dou zhen bian lan fang 痘疹便覽方

E

Dou zhen fang 痘疹方 Dou zhen guan jian 痘疹管見 Dou zhen jing yan fang 痘疹經驗方 Dou zhen lun 痘疹論 Dou zhen yao jue 痘疹要訣 Dou zhen yuan yuan 痘疹淵源 Dou zhen zheng zhi 痘疹證治 Dou zhen zheng zong 痘疹正宗 Du duan 獨斷 Du Fu shi 杜甫詩 Du Lanxiang zhuan 杜蘭香傳

E niao lun 惡鳥論 Er nan bao jian 二難寶鑒 Er ya 爾雅 Er ya shu 爾雅疏 Er ya yi 爾雅翼 Er ya zheng yi 爾雅正義 Er ya zhu 爾雅注 Er ya zhu shu 爾雅注疏 Er zhu xiansheng jue 耳珠先生訣

Du lun 篤論 Du Ren fang 杜仁方 Du Ren fang 杜任方 Du Ren fang 杜壬方 Du xing fang 獨行方 Du yang bian 杜陽編 Du yang za bian 杜陽雜編 → Du yang bian 杜陽編 Du yi zhi 獨異志

F Fa hua jing 法華經 Fa hui 發揮 Fa ming zheng zhi 發明證治 Fa sheng tang fang 法生堂方 Fa sheng tang jing yan fang 法生堂經驗方 Fa tian sheng yi 法天生意

762 Fa tie 法帖

Feng ji 蜂記

Fa xiang 法象

Feng mu wen da 風木問答

Fa yan 法言

Feng qin shu 奉親書

Fan A zhuan 樊阿傳

Feng qin yang lao fang 奉親養老方

Fan Dong yang fang 范東陽方

Feng qin yang lao shu 奉親養老書

Fan Shihu ji 范石湖集

Feng su tong 風俗通

Fan Shihu wen ji 范石湖文集

Feng tu ji 風土記

Fan shu 梵書

Fo jing 佛經

Fan Wang fang 范汪方

Fo shu 佛書

Fan zi 范子

Fu gong tu 伏汞圖

Fan zi Jiran 范子計然

Fu jiao jue 服椒訣

Fang bian ji 方便集

Fu ling zan 茯苓贊

Fang Guang yun 方廣云

Fu lu lun 福祿論

Fang guo zhi 方國志

Fu nan ji 扶南記

Fang ji 坊記

Fu nan zhuan 扶南傳

Fang shi jing 房室經

Fu qi jing yi fang 服氣精義方

Fang shi tu 房室圖

Fu Qian zhu 服虔注

Fang wai qi fang 方外奇方

Fu Qian zhu Han shu 服虔注漢書

Fang wu jing 房屋經

Fu ren fang 婦人方

Fang wu zan 方物贊

Fu ren jing yan fang 婦人經驗方

Fang Xiaoru ji 方孝孺集

Fu ren liang fang 婦人良方

Fang Xugu ji 方虛谷集

Fu ren liang fang bu yi 婦人良方補遺

Fang yan 方言

Fu ren ming li fang 婦人明理方

Fang yu sheng lan 方輿勝覽

Fu ren ming li lun 婦人明理論

Fang yu yao lan 方輿要覽

Fu ren qian jin jia cang fang 婦人千金家藏方

Fang yu zhi 方輿志 Fang zhen bian nian lu 方鎮編年錄 Fei hong ji 飛鴻集 Fei xue lu 霏雪錄 Fen tu 粉圖

Fu rui ji 符瑞記 Fu rui zhi 符瑞志 Fu shi huo ying fang 傅氏活嬰方 Fu shi jing 服食經 Fu shou fang 扶壽方

763 Fu shou jing fang 扶壽精方

Gong shi yi jian 龔氏易簡

Fu xuan lu 負暄錄

Gong shi yi jian 龔氏醫鑒

Fu yu 附餘

Gong shi yi jian fang 龔氏易簡方

Fu zi ji 附子記

Gou lou 岣嶁

Fu zi zhuan 附子傳

Gou lou shen shu 岣嶁神書

Fuhu chanshi fu fa 伏虎禪師服法

Gou lou shu 岣嶁書

G Gai wen ji 該聞集 Gai wen lu 該聞錄 Gan quan fu 甘泉賦 Gan ying lei cong zhi 感應類從志 Gan ying zhi 感應志 Gang mu 綱目 Gao You zhu Huai nan zi 高誘注淮南子 Ge gu lun 格古論 Ge gu yao lun 格古要論 → Ge gu lun 格古論 Ge Hong fang 葛洪方 Ge Jingguan fang 葛靜觀方 Ge Kejiu fang 葛可久方 Ge kuo 歌括 Ge shi fang 葛氏方 Ge wu lun 格物論 Ge zhi yu lun 格致餘論 Geng ji bian 庚己編 Geng xin yu ce 庚辛玉冊 Gong qi fang 宮氣方 Gong shi fang 龔氏方 Gong shi jing yan fang 龔氏經驗方

Gou qi jing shi 枸杞井詩 Gou xuan 鉤玄 Gu du pian 骨度篇 Gu jin lu yan 古今錄驗 Gu jin lu yan fang 古今錄驗方 Gu jin shi hua 古今詩話 Gu jin shi lei he bi 古今事類合璧 Gu jin yi jian 古今醫鑒 → Gong shi fang 龔氏方 Gu jin yi jian 古今醫鑒 → Yi jian 醫鑒 Gu jin yun hui 古今韻會 Gu jin zhu 古今注 Gu yue fu 古樂府 Gu zi 古字 Guai bing qi fang 怪病奇方 Guai ji qi fang 怪疾奇方 Guai zheng fang 怪症方 Guai zheng fang 怪證方 Guai zheng qi fang 怪症奇方 Guai zheng qi fang 怪證奇方 Guai zheng qi ji fang 怪證奇疾方 Guan yu pian 觀玉篇 Guan zi 管子 Guang gu jin wu xing ji 廣古今五行記

764 Guang ji 廣濟

Guo ran fu 果然賦

Guang ji 廣記

Guo shi bu 國史補

Guang ji fang 廣濟方

Guo shi zhu Er ya 郭氏注爾雅

Guang ji li 廣濟歷

Guo yu 國語

Guang li 廣利

Guo zhu 郭注

Guang li fang 廣利方

H

Guang nan fang 廣南方 Guang wu xing ji 廣五行記 Guang ya 廣雅 Guang yi ji 廣異記 Guang yun 廣韻 Guang zhi 廣志 Guang zhou ji 廣州記 Guang zhou yi wu zhi 廣州異物志 Guang zhou zhi 廣州志 Gui ce zhuan 龜策傳 Gui ge shi yi 閨閣事宜 Gui hai yu heng zhi 桂海虞衡志 Gui hai zhi 桂海志 Gui jing 龜經 Gui tian lu 歸田錄 Gui xin za zhi 癸辛雜識 Gui yi fang 鬼遺方 Guigu zi 鬼谷子 Guo Jizhong fang 郭稽中方 Guo Pu fu 郭璞賦 Guo Pu zhu Er ya 郭璞注爾雅 Guo Pu zhu Fang yan 郭璞注方言 Guo Pu zhu 郭璞注 Guo Pu zhu Shan hai jing   郭璞注山海經

Hai cha lu 海槎錄 Hai cha yu lu 海槎餘錄 → Hai cha lu 海槎錄 Hai fu 海賦 Hai ke lun 海客論 Hai lu sui shi 海錄碎事 Hai shang 海上 Hai shang fang 海上方 Hai shang fang jue 海上方訣 Hai shang fang shi 海上方詩 Hai shang ge 海上歌 Hai shang ji yan fang 海上集驗方 Hai shang miao fang 海上妙方 Hai shang ming fang 海上名方 Hai shang xian fang 海上仙方 Hai tang ji 海棠記 Hai tang pu 海棠譜 Hai yao 海藥 Hai yao ben cao 海藥本草 Hai yu zan 海芋贊 Hai zhong jing 海中經 Han chan fu 寒蟬賦 Han ju shi 寒具詩

765 Han mo da quan 翰墨大全

He yu tu 河魚圖

Han mo quan shu 翰墨全書

He Zhongmo ji 何仲默集

Han Ping di ji 漢平帝紀

Heguan zi 鶡冠子

Han shi 韓詩

Heng shan ji 衡山記

Han shi san fang 寒食散方

Hong bao wan bi shu 鴻寶萬畢術

Han shi wai zhuan 韓詩外傳

Hong fan 洪範

Han shi yi tong 韓氏醫通

Hong fan wu xing zhuan 洪範五行傳

Han shu 漢書

Hong fei ji 鴻飛集

Han shu zhu 漢書注

Hong fei ji lun 鴻飛集論 → Hong fei ji 鴻飛集

Han Tuizhi shi 韓退之詩 Han Wengong ji 韓文公集 Han Wu nei zhuan 漢武內傳 Han yuan cong ji 翰苑叢記 Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓終採藥詩 Han Zhong cai yao shi 韓衆採藥詩 Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日抄 Hao ran zhai ri chao 浩然齋日鈔 He ding xin shu 鶴頂新書 He hu ji wen 河湖紀聞 He ji 和劑 He ji fang 和劑方 He ji ju fang 和劑局方 He ji zhi nan zong lun 和劑指南總論 He Junmo zhuan 何君謨傳 He lin yu lu 鶴林玉露 He shi fang 何氏方 He shou wu zhuan 何首烏傳 He tu kuo di xiang 河圖括地象 He tu yu ban 河圖玉版 He xiang fang 合香方

Hong Mai ji 洪邁集 Hong Rongzhai sui bi 洪容齋隨筆 Hong wu zheng yun 洪武正韻 Hou Han shu 後漢書 Hou shi yao pu 侯氏藥譜 Hou Wei shu 後魏書 Hu ben cao 胡本草 Hu gong shi ji 壺公食忌 Hu Jushi fang 胡居士方 Hu Jushi shi ji 壺居士食忌 Hu Jushi zhuan 壺居士傳 Hu ming fang 護命方 Hu Qia fang 胡洽方 Hu shi fang 胡氏方 Hu shi fu ren fang 胡氏婦人方 Hu shi ji yin fang 胡氏濟陰方 Hua mu ji 花木記 Hua pu 花譜 Hua shan ji 華山記 Hua shu 化書 Hua Tuo bie zhuan 華佗別傳

766 Hua Tuo fang 華佗方

Hui ji fang 惠濟方

Hua Tuo jiu zu bing fang 華佗救卒病方

Hui min he ji ju fang 惠民和劑局方

Hua Tuo wei bing fang 華佗危病方 Hua yang guo zhi 華陽國志 Huai nan 淮南 Huai nan wan bi shu 淮南萬畢術 Huai nan wang shi jing 淮南王食經 Huai nan zhen zhong ji 淮南枕中記 Huai nan zi 淮南子 Huai nan zi hong lie jie 淮南子鴻烈解 Huai nan zi wan bi shu 淮南子萬畢術 Huai nan zi zhu 淮南子注 Huan yu zhi 寰宇志 Huang bai mi fa 黃白秘法 Huang di jiu ding dan jing jue   黃帝九鼎神丹經訣 → Jiu ding shen dan mi jue     九鼎神丹秘訣 Huang di shu 黃帝書 Huang di su wen 黃帝素問 Huang ji jing shi shu 皇極經世書 Huang lian song 黃連頌 Huang lian zan 黃連贊 Huang Shangu ji 黃山谷集 Huang shi yun hui 黃氏韻會 Huang ye lun 黃冶論 Huang Zhen ri chao 黃震日抄 Hui bian 會編 Hui chen yu hua 揮塵餘話 Hui dian 會典 Hui fang 惠方

Hui san jiao lun 會三教論 Hui zhu lu 揮麈錄 Hui zhu yu hua 揮麈餘話 Hui’an yu lu 晦庵語錄 Huo fa ji yao 活法機要 Huo ren shu 活人書 Huo ren shu kuo 活人書括 Huo ren xin tong 活人心統 Huo you kou yi 活幼口議 Huo you quan shu 活幼全書 Huo you xin shu 活幼心書 Huo you xin shu 活幼新書 Huo zhi zhuan 貨殖傳

J Ji cheng 集成 Ji cheng fang 集成方 Ji de fang 積德方 Ji de tang fang 積德堂方 Ji de tang jing yan fang 積德堂經驗方 Ji fa 祭法 Ji fang 急方 Ji feng bei ji fang 雞峰備急方 Ji feng bei ji liang fang 雞峰備急良方 Ji ji 濟急 Ji ji fang 濟急方 Ji ji liang fang 濟急良方 Ji ji xian fang 濟急仙方

767 Ji jian 集簡

Ji yan fang 集驗方

Ji jian fang 集簡方

Ji yan fang lun 集驗方論

Ji jiu fang 急救方

Ji yao 集要

Ji jiu liang fang 急救良方

Ji yao fang 集要方

Ji jiu pian 急就篇

Ji yao shi 集要詩

Ji jiu zhang 急就章

Ji yao zhu fang 集要諸方

Ji liao fang 集療方

Ji yi ji 集異記

Ji ling 集靈

Ji yin fang 濟陰方

Ji ling fang 集靈方

Ji Yue ji 冀越集

Ji shan tang fang 積善堂方

Ji yun 集韻

Ji shan tang jing yan fang 積善堂經驗方

Ji zhong fang 濟衆方

Ji shen lu 稽神錄 Ji sheng 濟生 Ji sheng ba cui fang 濟生拔萃方 Ji sheng fang 濟生方 Ji sheng fu 稽聖賦 Ji sheng mi lan 濟生秘覽 Ji shi 記事 Ji shi fang 濟世方 Ji shi yuan hai 集事淵海 Ji shi zhu 記事珠 Ji wen 紀聞 Ji xiao 集效 Ji xiao fang 既效方 Ji xiao fang 集效方 Ji xiao liang fang 集效良方 Ji xuan fang 集玄方 Ji yan 集驗 Ji yan bei ju fang 集驗背疽方 → Wai ke fang 外科方

Ji zhong Zhou shu 汲冢周書 Ji zhong zhu shu 汲冢竹書 Jia bao fang 家寶方 Jia cang fang 家藏方 Jia cang jing yan fang 家藏經驗方 Jia chuan mi bao fang 家傳秘寶方 Jia Sixie yao shu 賈思勰要術 Jia Yi fu 賈誼賦 Jia yi jing 甲乙經 Jia you 嘉祐 Jia you ben cao 嘉祐本草 Jia you bu zhu 嘉祐補注 Jia you bu zhu ben cao 嘉祐補注本草 Jia zhen 家珍 Jian bian 簡便 Jian bian dan fang 簡便單方 Jian bian dan xuan 簡便單玄 Jian bian fang 簡便方 Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊

768 Jian yao fang 簡要方

Jin dan shi 金丹詩

Jian yao ji zhong 簡要濟衆

Jin guang ming jing 金光明經

Jian yao ji zhong fang 簡要濟衆方

Jin kui 金匱

Jian yi 簡易

Jin kui fang 金匱方

Jian yi fang 簡易方

Jin kui gou xuan 金匱鉤玄

Jiang biao zhuan 江表傳

Jin kui ming fang 金匱名方

Jiang fu 江賦

Jin kui yao lüe 金匱要略

Jiang hu ji wen 江湖紀聞

Jin kui yao lüe fang 金匱要略方

Jiang Huai yi ren lu 江淮異人錄

Jin kui yu han 金匮玉函

Jiang Linji za zhi 江鄰幾雜志

Jin kui yu han fang 金匱玉函方

Jiang nan bie lu 江南別錄

Jin kui yu han miao fang 金匮玉函妙方

Jiang nan lu 江南錄 Jiang nan yi wen lu 江南異聞錄 Jiang Yan ji 江淹集 Jiao qi lun 腳氣論 Jiao si ge 郊祀歌 Jiao si zhi 郊祀志 Jiao Xicheng ji 焦希程集 Jiao zhou di zhi 交州地志 Jiao zhou ji 交州記 Jiao zhou zhi 交州志 Jie gu fang 接骨方 Jie xiao fang 皆效方 Jie yao 節要 Jie yi xin yu 解頤新語 Jiegu jia zhen 潔古家珍 Jiegu yong yao fa xiang 潔古用藥法象 Jiegu zhen zhu nang 潔古珍珠囊 Jiezhai yi lun 節齋醫論 Jin dan da cheng 金丹大成

Jin men ji 金門記 Jin nang mi lan 錦囊秘覽 Jin nang shi 錦囊詩 Jin nang shi dui 錦囊詩對 Jin shu 晉書 Jin xi xian wan biao 進豨薟丸表 Jin xi xian wan fang biao   進豨薟丸方表 Jin xiao 近效 Jin xiao fang 近效方 Jin xiu wan hua gu 錦繡萬花谷 Jin zhong xing shu 晉中興書 Jin Zhuo zhu 晉灼注 Jing 經 Jing Chu sui shi ji 荊楚歲時記 Jing ji 經濟 Jing nan ji 荊南記 Jing nan zhi 荊南志 Jing xi tie 靜息帖

769 Jing xi tie 靜息貼

Jiu yuan fang 究原方

Jing xiao fang 經效方

Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九籥衛生方

Jing xiao ji shi fang 經效濟世方

Jiu yue wei sheng fang 九龠衛生方

Jing xiao ji shi wan 經效濟世丸

Jiu zhen jing 九真經

Jing xin lu 經心錄

Jiu zhen lun 九針論

Jing yan 經驗

Jiu zhou ji 九州記

Jing yan fang 經驗方

Ju fang 局方

Jing yan fu ren fang 經驗婦人方

Ju fang fa hui 局方發揮

Jing yan hou fang 經驗後方

Ju jia bi yong 居家必用

Jing yan ji shi fang 經驗濟世方

Ju jia bi yong fang 居家必用方

Jing yan liang fang 經驗良方

Ju lu 橘錄

Jing yan mi fang 經驗秘方

Ju pu 橘譜

Jing yan qian fang 經驗前方

Ju pu 菊譜

Jing Yang yi wu zhi 荊揚異物志

Ju you wu mei zan 菊有五美贊

Jing yi 精義

Juan you lu 倦游錄

Jing yuan 鏡源

Juan you za lu 倦游雜錄 → Juan you lu 倦游錄

Jing zhou ji 荊州記 Jinlou zi 金樓子 Jiu ben 舊本 Jiu ding shen dan jing 九鼎神丹經

Jun guo zhi 郡國志 Jun ling ji yao 俊靈機要 Jun pu 菌譜

Jiu ding shen dan mi jue 九鼎神丹秘訣 Jiu gao 酒誥 Jiu ge 九歌 Jiu huang 救荒 Jiu huang ben cao 救荒本草 Jiu ji 救急 Jiu ji fang 救急方 Jiu ji liang fang 救急良方 Jiu ji yi fang 救急易方 Jiu san si fang 救三死方

K Kai bao 開寶 Kai bao ben cao 開寶本草 Kai he ji 開河記 Kai shan tu 開山圖 Kai yuan guang ji fang 開元廣濟方 Kai yuan tian bao yi shi 開元天寶遺事 Kan miu zheng su 刊謬正俗 Kan shi yao yan 刊石藥驗

770 Kao gong ji 考工記

Lei gong yao dui 雷公藥對

Ke hua 客話

Lei shi pao zhi lun 雷氏炮炙論

Kong shi liu tie 孔氏六帖

Lei shu 雷書

Kong zi jia yu 孔子家語

Lei shu 類書

Kou Jia bu Han 寇賈輔漢

Lei shuo 類説

Kou jue 口訣

Lei Xiao pao zhi lun 雷斅炮炙論

Kou shi ben cao 寇氏本草

Lei yao 類要

Kou Zongshi ben cao 寇宗奭本草

Lei yao fang 類要方

Ku sun fu 苦筍賦

Lei yuan 類苑

Kuan dong fu xu 款冬賦序

Leng yan jing 楞嚴經

Kuang miu zheng su 匡謬正俗 → Kan miu zheng su 刊謬正俗

Li 禮

Kui zhou zhi 夔州志 Kun shan xiao gao 崑山小稿

L Lan shi bao jian 蘭室寶鑒 Lan shi jing yan fang 蘭氏經驗方 Lan shi mi cang 蘭室秘藏 Lan shuo 蘭説 Lang ye man chao 琅琊漫鈔 Lao pu fu 老圃賦 Lao zhai fang 勞瘵方 Lei bian 類編 Lei bian Zhu shi ji yan yi fang   類編朱氏集驗醫方 → Ji yan fang 集驗方 Lei cong 類從 Lei cong xiang gan zhi 類從相感志 Lei gong pao zhi 雷公炮炙 Lei gong pao zhi lun 雷公炮炙論

Li Bai shi zhu 李白詩注 Li Baochen zhuan 李寶臣傳 Li Dangzhi ben cao 李當之本草 Li Dangzhi yao dui 李當之藥對 Li Dangzhi yao lu 李當之藥錄 Li Daoyuan zhu Shui jing 酈道元注 水經 Li dou wei yi 禮斗威儀 Li ji 禮記 Li ji shu 禮記疏 Li ji yue ling 禮記月令 Li ji zhu 禮記注 Li ji zhu shu 禮記注疏 Li Jushi fang 黎居士方 Li Lou fang 李樓方 Li Lou qi fang 李樓奇方 Li sao 離騷 Li sao bian zheng 離騷辨證 Li sao da zhao 離騷大招 Li sao zhu 離騷注

771 Li Shen wen ji 李紳文集

Liao shi 遼史

Li shi ben cao 李氏本草

Liao zhi 遼志

Li shi fang 李氏方

Liao zhou xian lu 蓼洲閒錄

Li shi shi jing 李氏食經

Lie xian zhuan 列仙傳

Li shi yao lu 李氏藥錄

Lie xing tu 列星圖

Li Sifeng zhuan 李司封傳

Lin chuan ji 臨川記

Li Taibai ji 李太白集

Lin hai feng tu ji 臨海風土記

Li Xiaobo zhuan 李孝伯傳

Lin hai ji 臨海記

Li Yanshou fang 李延壽方

Lin hai shui tu ji 臨海水土記

Li Yishan ji 李義山集

Lin hai yi wu zhi 臨海異物志

Li yun 禮運

Lin hai zhi 臨海志

Li zhi pu 荔枝譜

Lin shi fang 藺氏方

Li zhi tu xu 荔枝圖序

Lin shi jing yan fang 藺氏經驗方

Li zhu 禮注

Lin shi xiao shuo 林氏小説

Lian zhou ji 廉州記

Lin yi guo ji 林邑國記

Lian zhou zhi 廉州志

Lin yi ji 林邑記

Liang fang 良方

Linchuan ji 臨川集

Liang fang bu yi 良方補遺

Ling 靈

Liang Jie gong zhuan 梁杰公傳

Ling bao bi fa 靈寶畢法

Liang jing ji 兩京記

Ling bao fang 靈寶方

Liang jing xin ji 兩京新記 → Liang jing ji 兩京記

Ling bao wu fu jing 靈寶五符經

Liang shan mo tan 兩山墨談 Liang shi 梁史 Liang shi zong yao 梁氏總要 Liang shu 梁書 Liang si gong ji 梁四公記 Liang si gong zi ji 梁四公子記 Liang si gong zi zhuan 梁四公子傳 Liang zhou yi wu zhi 涼州異物志 Liao hua zhou xian lu 蓼花洲閒錄

Ling biao lu 岭表錄 Ling biao lu yi 岭表錄異 Ling cao pian 靈草篇 Ling nan fang 嶺南方 Ling nan wei sheng fang 嶺南衛生方 Ling nan yi wu zhi 嶺南異物志 Ling shu 靈樞 Ling shu jing 靈樞經 Ling xian lu 靈仙錄

772 Ling yuan fang 靈苑方

Lou Hu zhuan 樓護傳

Ling zhi ji 靈芝記

Lu Ding gong zhuan 魯定公傳

Ling zhi rui cao jing 靈芝瑞草經

Lu Fangweng ji 陸放翁集

Liu fu 榴賦

Lu Fangweng shi xu 陸放翁詩序

Liu Gen bie zhuan 劉根別傳

Lu Guimeng shi 陸龜蒙詩

Liu Gen zhuan 劉根傳

Lu Ji zhu 陸機注

Liu jie zang xiang lun 六節臟象論

Lu Jia zhuan 陸賈傳

Liu Juanzi fang 劉涓子方

Lu Lian zi 魯連子

Liu Juanzi gui yi fang 劉涓子鬼遺方

Lu ling yi wu zhi 廬陵異物志 → Yi wu zhi 異物志

Liu shi jing yan fang 劉氏經驗方 Liu shi xiao er fang 劉氏小兒方 Liu shu ben yi 六書本義 Liu shu jing yao 六書精要 Liu shu jing yun 六書精蘊 Liu shu zheng e 六書正訛 Liu tie 六帖 Liu wen 柳文 Liu Yuxi ji 劉禹錫集 Liu Yuxi jia hua lu 劉禹錫嘉話錄 Liu zhan 六占 Liuzhou jiu san si fang 柳州救三死方 Liu Zihou shi 柳子厚詩 Liu Zihou wen 柳子厚文 Liu Zihou wen ji 柳子厚文集 Liu Zongyuan shu 柳宗元書 Liu Zongyuan zhuan 柳宗元傳 Long jiang lu 龍江錄 Long mu lun 龍木論 Long shu lun 龍樹論 Long yu he tu 龍魚河圖

Lu shi fang 盧氏方 Lu shi jing yan fang 陸氏經驗方 Lu shi shi shu 陸氏詩疏 Lu yan 錄驗 Lu yi ji 錄異記 Lü shi chun qiu 呂氏春秋 Lü shi yue ling 呂氏月令 Lun heng 論衡 Lun suan qian jiu fa 論蒜錢灸法 Lun tai jiao 論胎教 Luo du fu 洛都賦 Luo fu shan ji 羅浮山記 Luo fu shan shu 羅浮山疏 Luo shan shu 羅山疏 Luo yang hua mu ji 洛陽花木記 Luo yang ming yuan ji 洛陽名園記 Luo yang qie lan ji 洛陽伽藍記 Luo Yuan Er ya 羅願爾雅

773

M Ma jing 馬經 Mai jing 脈經 Mai jue 脈訣 Mai jue kan wu 脈訣刊誤 Mao Chang Shi shu 毛萇詩疏 Mao Chang Shi zhu 毛萇詩注 Mao Chang Shi zhuan 毛萇詩傳 Mao Chang zhu 毛萇注 Mao shan ji 茅山記 Mao shi 毛詩 Mao shi shu yi 毛詩疏義 Mao ting ke hua 茅亭客話 Mao ting ke hua 茆亭客話 Mei pu 梅譜 Mei shi ji yan fang 梅師集驗方 Mei Yao chen shi 梅堯臣詩 Meng quan 蒙筌 Meng Shen ben cao 孟詵本草 Meng shi Shen fang 孟氏詵方 Meng xi bi tan 夢溪筆談 Meng zi 孟子 Mi bao fang 秘寶方 Mi chuan wai ke 秘傳外科

Mi yun 秘韞 Mi yun fang 秘韞方 Ming dao za zhi 明道雜志 Ming dao zhi 明道誌 Ming huang za lu 明皇雜錄 Ming mu fang 明目方 Ming mu ji yan fang 明目集驗方 Ming mu jing yan fang 明目經驗方 Ming tang ren xing tu 明堂人形圖 Ming tang yue ling 明堂月令 Ming yi bie lu 名醫別錄 Ming yi bie pin 名醫別品 Ming yi lu 名醫錄 Ming yi za zhu 明醫雜著 Ming yi zhu xu 名醫注續 Ming yuan 名苑 Mo ke hui xi 墨客揮犀 Mo pu 墨譜 Mo tan 墨談 Mo zi 墨子 Mu dan pu 牡丹譜 Mu fu yan xian lu 幕府燕閑錄 Mu shu xian tan 牧豎閑談 Mu tian zi zhuan 穆天子傳

Mi chuan wai ke fang 秘傳外科方 Mi fang 秘方 Mi lan 秘覽 Mi lu 秘錄 Mi lu fang 秘錄方 Mi shi fang 冞師方

N Nan cheng zhi 南城志 Nan du fu 南都賦 Nan fang cao mu zhuang 南方草木狀 Nan fang cao wu zhuang 南方草物狀

774 Nan fang yi wu zhi 南方異物志 Nan fang zhi 南方志 Nan hai yao lu 南海藥錄 Nan hai yao pu 南海藥譜 Nan jing 難經 Nan jun ji 南郡記 Nan kang ji 南康記 Nan man ji 南蠻記 Nan Qi shu 南齊書 Nan shan jing 南山經 Nan shi 南史

Nei wai shang bian huo lun 內外傷辨惑論 Nei ze 內則 Nei zhuan 內傳 Niao shou cao mu chong yu shu 鳥獸草木蟲魚疏 Nie pan 涅槃 Nie pan jing 涅槃經 Niu jing 牛經 Nong jing 農經 Nong shu 農書

Nan Tang shu 南唐書 Nan xing fang 南行方 Nan yang huo ren fang 南陽活人方

O Ouyang gong wen ji 歐陽公文集

Nan yang huo ren shu 南陽活人書

P

Nan yang shu 南陽書 Nan yi ji 南裔記 Nan yi yi wu zhi 南裔異物志 → Yi wu zhi 異物志 Nan yi zhi 南裔志 Nan yue furen zi ling Wei yuan jun fang 南岳夫人紫靈魏元君方

Pan shi fang 潘氏方 Pan shi jing yan fang 潘氏經驗方 Pan Yu ji 番禺記 Pan Yue fu 潘岳賦 Pang Anchang fang 龐安常方

Nan yue Wei fu ren nei zhuan 南岳魏夫人內傳

Pao zhi 炮炙

Nan yue Wei fu ren zhuan 南岳魏夫人傳

Pei zhi 沛志

Nan yue zhi 南越志 Nan zhong zhi 南中志 Nan zhou ji 南州記 Nan zhou yi wu zhi 南州異物志 Nei jing 內經 Nei pian 內篇

Pao zhi lun 炮炙論 Peng zu fang 彭祖方 Peng zu fu shi jing 彭祖服食經 Peng zu zhuan 彭祖傳 Pi wei lun 脾胃論 Pi ya 埤雅 Pi ya guang yi 埤雅廣義

775 Ping quan cao mu ji 平泉草木記

Qi xie ji 齊諧記

Ping quan shan ju cao mu ji   平泉山居草木記 → Ping quan cao mu ji     平泉草木記

Qi xie zhi 齊諧志

Pu ji 普濟

Qian jia xing 千家姓

Pu ji ben shi fang 普濟本事方

Qian jiang fang 灊江方

Pu ji fang 普濟方

Qian jiang qie yao 灊江切要

Pu ji miao fang 普濟妙方

Qian jin 千金

Pu jiu fang 普救方

Qian jin bei ji fang 千金備急方

Pu xu 譜序

Qian jin fang 千金方

Q Qi ai zhuan 蘄艾傳 Qi bing fang 奇病方 Qi Bo jing 岐伯經 Qi di ji 齊地記 Qi di zhi 齊地志 Qi dong ye yu 齊東野語 Qi fa 七發 Qi ji fang 奇疾方 Qi ju za ji 起居雜記 Qi lu 七錄 Qi min yao shu 齊民要術 Qi ming 七命 Qi qi 七啟 Qi shu 齊書 Qi wei ji 啟微集 Qi xiao 奇效 Qi xiao fang 奇效方 Qi xiao liang fang 奇效良方

Qia wen ji 洽聞記 Qian fang 鈐方

Qian jin jia cang fang 千金家藏方 Qian jin liang fang 千金良方 Qian jin shi xing 千金食性 Qian jin shi zhi 千金食治 Qian jin sui 千金髓 Qian jin sui fang 千金髓方 Qian jin yi 千金翼 Qian jin yi fang 千金翼方 Qian jin yue ling 千金月令 Qian jin yue ling fang 千金月令方 Qian kun mi yun 乾坤秘韞 Qian kun sheng yi 乾坤生意 Qian Liang lu 前涼錄 Qian ning ji 乾寧記 Qian Qi shi ji 錢起詩集 Qian shen lun 錢神論 Qian shi bu yi 錢氏補遺 Qian shi fang 錢氏方 Qian shi xiao er fang 錢氏小兒方 Qian xiang zhan 乾象占

776 Qian Yi fang 錢乙方 Qian Yi zhuan 錢乙傳 Qianxi ji 潛溪集 Qiao mu xian tan 樵牧閒談 Qie lan ji 伽藍記 Qie yun 切韻 Qie zhong 篋中

Quan ying fang lun 全嬰方論 → Quan ying fang 全嬰方 Quan you 全幼 Quan you xin jian 全幼心鑒 Qun fang xu chao 群方續鈔 Qun shu ri chao 群書日抄 Qun shu xu chao 群書續抄

Qie zhong fang 篋中方

r

Qie zhong mi bao fang 篋中秘寶方 Qin cao 琴操 Qin Cheng zu fang 秦承祖方 Qin chong shu 禽蟲述 Qin feng 秦風 Qin ji 秦記 Qin jing 禽經 Qin Mu gong zhuan 秦穆公傳 Qin shu 禽書 Qin zhou ji 秦州記 Qing gong 清供 Qing liang zhuan 清涼傳 Qing nang 青囊 Qing nang fang 青囊方 Qing nang za zuan 青囊雜纂 Qiong tian lun 穹天論 Qiu chi bi ji 仇池筆記 Qu li 曲禮 Qu yi shuo 祛疑説 Quan sheng zhi mi fang 全生指迷方 Quan yi wen 勸醫文 Quan ying fang 全嬰方

Ren shen zhuan 人參傳 Rencun 仁存 Rencun fang 仁存方 Rencun tang fang 仁存堂方 Rencun tang jing yan fang 仁存堂經驗方 Renzhai zhi zhi 仁齋直指 Renzhai zhi zhi fang 仁齋直指方 Ri xun ji 日詢記 Ri xun shou ji 日詢手記 Ri xun shou jing 日詢手鏡 Ri yong 日用 Ri yong ben cao 日用本草 Rihua ben cao 日華本草 Rihua zhu jia ben cao 日華諸家本草 Rihua zi ben cao 日華子本草 Rong zhai sui bi 容齋隨筆 Ru men shi qin 儒門事親 Ru shi lun 乳石論 Ru yi jing yao 儒醫精要 Ruan shi fang 阮氏方 Ruan shi jing yan fang 阮氏經驗方

777 Ruan shi xiao er fang 阮氏小兒方

San yin fang lun 三因方論

Rui cao jing 瑞草經

San yin ji yi bing zheng fang lun   三因極一病證方論 → San yin fang 三因方

Rui ming li 瑞明禮 Rui ying tu 瑞應圖 Rui ying tu ji 瑞應圖記 Rui zhu fang 瑞竹方 Rui zhu tang fang 瑞竹堂方 Rui zhu tang jing yan fang 瑞竹堂經驗方

S Sai shang fang 塞上方 San dong yao lu 三洞要錄 San dong zhu nang 三洞珠囊 San du fu 三都賦 San fu gu shi 三輔故事 San fu huang tu 三輔黃圖 San guo zhi 三國志 San jiao lun 三教論 San Mao jun zhuan 三茅君傳 San Mao zhen jun zhuan 三茅真君傳 San Qin ji 三秦記 San shi guo chun qiu 三十國春秋 San shi liu huang fang 三十六黃方 San shi liu shui fa 三十六水法 San shi liu shui fang 三十六水方 San Su wen ji 三蘇文集 San xing gu shi 三省故事 San yin 三因 San yin fang 三因方

San yin liang fang 三因良方 San yuan can zan shu 三元參贊書 San yuan shu 三元書 San yuan yan shou shu 三元延壽書 Sanfeng Zhang zhenren shen su wan ying fang 三豐張真人神速萬應方 → Ji xiao fang 集效方 Sha zhou ji 沙州記 Shan fan 刪繁 Shan fan ben cao 刪繁本草 Shan fan fang 刪繁方 Shan hai jing 山海經 Shan ji fang 善濟方 Shan jia qing gong 山家清供 Shan ju lu 山居錄 Shan ju si yao 山居四要 Shan ju yao shu 山居要術 → Shan ju lu 山居錄 Shan tang kao suo 山堂考索 Shan xiu yang liao 膳饈養療 Shang han bian yi 傷寒辨疑 Shang han chui fa 傷寒槌法 Shang han ge 傷寒歌 Shang han lei yao 傷寒類要 Shang han lei yao fang 傷寒類要方 Shang han liu shu 傷寒六書 Shang han lun 傷寒論 Shang han ming li lun 傷寒明理論

778 Shang han sha che chui fa   傷寒殺車槌法 → Shang han chui fa 傷寒槌法 Shang han shen yan fang 傷寒身驗方 Shang han shi shu 傷寒十書

She sheng zhong miao fang 攝生衆妙方 Shen Cunzhong fang 沈存中方 Shen mi fang 神秘方

Shang han shu 傷寒書

Shen mi ming yi lu 神秘名醫錄 → Ming yi lu 名醫錄

Shang han yun yao 傷寒蘊要

Shen nong 神農

Shang han zhi ge 傷寒直格

Shen nong ben cao 神農本草

Shang han zong bing lun 傷寒總病論

Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經

Shang lin fu 上林賦

Shen nong ben cao jing 神農本草經 → Jing 經

Shang qing jue 上清訣 Shang qing zi ting xian fang 上清紫庭仙方 Shang qing zi ting zhui lao fang 上清紫庭追勞方 Shang shu 尚書 Shang shu zhu shu 尚書注疏 Shang yuan bao jing 上元寶經 Shangu dao bi 山谷刀筆 Shao shi fang 邵氏方 Shao shi jing yan fang 邵氏經驗方 Shao shi qing nang fang 邵氏青囊方 Shao shi wen jian lu 邵氏聞見錄 Shao yao pu 芍藥譜 Shao Yaofu ji 邵堯夫集 Shao zhenren fang 邵真人方 Shao zhenren jing yan liang fang 邵真人經驗良方 She sheng fang 攝生方 She sheng miao yong fang 攝生妙用方 She sheng zhen lu 攝生真錄

Shen nong ben jing 神農本經 Shen nong gu ben cao 神農古本草 Shen nong jing 神農經 Shen nong shi ji 神農食忌 Shen nong shi jing 神農食經 Shen nong shu 神農書 Shen nong yao jing 神農藥經 Shen shi fang 深師方 Shen xian fang 神仙方 Shen xian fu shi fang 神仙服食方 Shen xian fu shi jing 神仙服食經 Shen xian gan ying pian 神仙感應篇 Shen xian jiao zi fa 神仙教子法 Shen xian mi zhi 神仙秘旨 Shen xian zhi cao jing 神仙芝草經 Shen xian zhuan 神仙傳 Shen xiao fang 神效方 Shen yi ji 神異記 Shen yi jing 神異經 Shen yi pu jiu fang 神醫普救方

779 Shen yin 神隱

Shi ji 史記

Shen yin shu 神隱書

Shi jian 詩箋

Sheng fang zong lu 聖方總錄

Shi jian 食鑒

Sheng hua jing 聖化經

Shi jian ben cao 食鑒本草

Sheng hui 聖惠

Shi jing 詩經

Sheng hui fang 聖惠方

Shi jing 食經

Sheng ji 聖濟

Shi jing zhu shu 詩經注疏

Sheng ji fang 聖濟方

Shi lei fu 事類賦

Sheng ji jing 聖濟經

Shi lei he bi 事類合璧

Sheng ji lu 聖濟錄

Shi liao 食療

Sheng ji zong lu 聖濟總錄

Shi liao ben cao 食療本草

Sheng jin 勝金

Shi liao fang 食療方

Sheng jin fang 勝金方

Shi liao yu 食療餘

Sheng lan 勝覽

Shi lin guang ji 事林廣記

Sheng lian dan yao mi jue 昇煉丹藥秘訣

Shi liu guo chun qiu 十六國春秋

Sheng lian fang 昇煉方 Sheng sheng bian 生生編 Sheng sheng fang 生生方 Sheng xiao lun 生肖論 Shi 詩 Shi ben 世本 Shi bian 十便 Shi bian fang 十便方 Shi bian liang fang 十便良方 Shi cao 釋草 Shi dian 釋典 Shi gu feng 詩谷風 Shi hai wen shan 事海文山

Shi liu guo shi 十六國史 Shi Liu qiu lu 使琉球錄 Shi ming 釋名 Shi mu 釋木 Shi pu 食譜 Shi qie fu 石蜐賦 Shi quan bo ji 十全博濟 Shi quan bo jiu fang 十全博救方 Shi quan fang 十全方 Shi shou 釋獸 Shi shu 詩疏 Shi shuo 世説 Shi Tang feng 詩唐風

Shi hua 詩話

Shi tian za ji 石田雜記   → Za ji 雜記

Shi ji 十劑

Shi wen lei ju 事文類聚

780 Shi wu 食物

Shi zhi tu 石芝圖

Shi wu ben cao 食物本草

Shi zhou ji 十洲記

Shi wu ji yuan 事物紀原

Shi zhu 詩注

Shi xi 史系

Shi zi 尸子

Shi xiao fang 試效方

Shihu ji 石湖集

Shi xiao lu yan fang 試效錄驗方

Shizhai bai yi fang 是齋百一方

Shi xiao ya 詩小雅

Shizhai zhi mi fang 是齋指迷方

Shi xing 食性

Shizhen fang 時珍方

Shi xing ben cao 食性本草

Shou ji 手記

Shi xue da cheng 詩學大成

Shou jing 獸經

Shi xue lei chao 仕學類鈔

Shou qin 壽親

Shi yan fang 試驗方

Shou qin yang lao fang 壽親養老方

Shi yan xiao fang 試驗小方 → Shi yan fang 試驗方

Shou qin yang lao shu 壽親養老書

Shi yao shen shu 十藥神書 Shi yi 拾遺 Shi yi ben cao 拾遺本草 Shi yi de xiao fang 世醫得效方 → Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方

Shou yu 壽域 Shou yu fang 壽域方 Shou yu shen fang 壽域神方 Shu 書 Shu ben 蜀本 Shu ben cao 蜀本草

Shi yi ji 拾遺記

Shu ben tu jing 蜀本圖經

Shi yi lu 拾遺錄

Shu di zhi 蜀地志

Shi yi shu 詩義疏

Shu du fu 蜀都賦

Shi yi tong bian yao fa 世醫通變要法

Shu ji 蜀記

Shi yi wen 詩義問

Shu tu 蜀圖

Shi yi xin jian 食醫心鑒

Shu tu jing 蜀圖經

Shi yi xin jing 食醫心鏡

Shu wang ben ji 蜀王本紀

Shi yong fang 适用方

Shu yi 疏義

Shi Yong feng 詩鄘風

Shu yi ji 述異記

Shi zhi 食治

Shu yuan ji 菽園記

Shi zhi tong shuo 食治通説

Shu yuan za ji 菽園雜記

781 Shu zheng ji 述征記

Song mo ji wen 松漠紀聞

Shu zhi 蜀志

Song Qianxi wen ji 宋潛溪文集

Shui dong ri ji 水東日記

Song shan ji 嵩山記

Shui jian xian ren ge 水鑒仙人歌

Song shi 宋史

Shui jie 水解

Song shu 宋書

Shui jing 水經

Song tai shi ji 宋太史集

Shui jing zhu 水經注

Song Wang Wei zan 宋王微贊

Shui tu ji 水土記

Song Yu fu 宋玉賦

Shui ying fu 水螢賦

Sou shen ji 搜神記

Shui yun lu 水雲錄

Su 素

Shuo fu 説郛

Su Dongpo ji 蘇東坡集

Shuo wen 説文

Su Dongpo shi ji 蘇東坡詩集

Shuo wen jie zi 説文解字

Su E yan yi 蘇鶚演義

Shuo wen zi yuan 説文字原

Su Gong ben cao 蘇恭本草

Shuo yuan 説苑

Su Huang shou jian 蘇黃手簡

Si chuan zhi 四川志

Su hui ji 溯洄集

Si min yue ling 四民月令

Su nü jing 素女經

Si sheng 四聲

Su Shen liang fang 蘇沈良方

Si sheng ben cao 四聲本草

Su wen 素問

Si shi cai yao 四時采藥

Su wen 蘇文

Si shi yue ling 四時月令

Su wen xuan ji yuan bing shi 素問玄機原病式 → Yuan bing shi 原病式

Si shi zuan yao 四時纂要 Sima Xiangru fu 司馬相如賦 Song ben 宋本 Song ben cao 宋本草 Song chuang lu 松窗錄 Song chuang za ji 松窗雜記 Song gao ji 嵩高記 Song huang jing yan fang 松篁經驗方 Song Hui zong shi 宋徽宗詩

Sui shen bei ji fang 隨身備急方 Sui shi guang ji 歲時廣記 Sui shi ji 歲時記 Sui shu 隋書 Sui Yang di kai he ji 隋煬帝開河記 Sun pu 筍譜 Sun Shangyao fang 孫尚藥方 Sun Sheng tan pu 孫昇談圃

782 Sun shi ji yan fang 孫氏集驗方

Tai qing cao mu ji 太清草木記

Sun Yan zhu 孫炎注

Tai qing dan yao lu 太清丹藥錄

Sun Yan zhu Er ya 孫炎注爾雅

Tai qing fa 太清法

Sun Yonghe fang 孫用和方

Tai qing fu lian fa 太清服煉法

Sun zhenren fang 孫真人方

Tai qing fu lian shu 太清服煉書

Sun zhenren shi ji 孫真人食忌

Tai qing fu shi jing 太清服食經

Suo sui lu 瑣碎錄

Tai qing jing 太清經

Suo yan 瑣言

Tai qing ling bao fang 太清靈寶方

T Tai bai jing 太白經 Tai bai jing zhu 太白經注 Tai cang gong fang 太倉公方 Tai chan fang 胎產方 Tai chan xu zhi 胎產須知 Tai chang cai yao shi yue 太常采藥時月

Tai qing shi bi ji 太清石璧記 Tai qing wai shu 太清外術 Tai qing xiu lian fa 太清修煉法 Tai shang xuan bian jing 太上玄變經 Tai shang xuan ke 太上玄科 Tai yi Zhi Fa cun fang 太醫支法存方 Tai yuan di zhi 太原地志 Taiji zhenren fa 太極真人法 Tan shi fang 譚氏方

Tai ding yang sheng zhu lun 泰定養生主論 → Yang sheng zhu lun 養生主論

Tan shi xiao er 譚氏小兒

Tai fu 苔賦

Tan xian fang 坦仙方

Tai he shan zhi 太和山志 Tai he zhi 太和志 Tai ping guang ji 太平廣記 Tai ping he ji ju fang 太平和劑局方 Tai ping huan yu ji 太平寰宇記

Tan shi xiao er fang 譚氏小兒方 Tan sou 談藪 Tan Yeweng fang 談野翁方 Tan Yeweng zhu fang 談野翁諸方 Tan yuan 談苑 Tan zi hua shu 譚子化書 Tang ben 唐本

Tai ping hui ming he ji ju fang 太平惠民和劑局方

Tang ben cao 唐本草

Tai ping sheng hui fang 太平聖惠方

Tang ben yu 唐本餘

Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽 Tai qing cao mu fang 太清草木方

Tang ben xian fu 唐本先附 Tang fu 唐附

783 Tang hui yao 唐會要

Tao zhu 陶注

Tang Jingchuan ji 唐荊川集

Teng wang ge xu 滕王閣序

Tang Shenwei ben cao 唐慎微本草

Ti ren hui bian 體仁彙編

Tang Shenwei fang 唐慎微方

Tian bao dan fang 天寶單方

Tang shi 唐詩

Tian bao dan fang tu 天寶單方圖

Tang shi 唐史

Tian bao dan xing fang 天寶單行方

Tang shi bao shu 湯氏寶書

Tian bao fang 天寶方

Tang shi de xiao fang 唐氏得效方

Tian bao yi shi 天寶遺事

Tang shi fang 唐氏方

Tian kong jing 天空經

Tang shi jing yan fang 唐氏經驗方

Tian shi fang 田氏方

Tang shu 唐書

Tian xiang zhuan 天香傳

Tang shuang pu 糖霜譜

Tian xuan zhu wu bu 天玄主物簿

Tang Tai zong shi lu 唐太宗實錄

Tian zhu jing 天竺經

Tang Wu hou bie zhuan 唐武后別傳

Tie wei shan cong hua 鐵圍山叢話

Tang xiao shuo 唐小説

Tie wei shan cong tan 鐵圍山叢談

Tang xin ben cao 唐新本草

Tieya ji 鐵崖集

Tang Yao fang 唐瑤方

Tieya ji 鐵厓集

Tang Yao jing yan 唐瑤經驗

Tong bian fang 通變方

Tang ye 湯液

Tong bian yao fa 通變要法

Tang ye ben cao 湯液本草

Tong dian 通典

Tang ye da fa 湯液大法

Tong jian gang mu 通鑒綱目

Tang yue fu 唐樂府

Tong jun cai yao lu 桐君采藥錄

Tang yun 唐韻

Tong jun yao lu 桐君藥錄

Tang Zhongju fang 唐仲舉方

Tong pu 桐譜

Tang zhu 唐注

Tong su wen 通俗文

Tanzhai bi heng 坦齋筆衡

Tong wei ji 通微集

Tao Hua fang 陶華方

Tong xuan lun 通玄論

Tao shi ben cao 陶氏本草

Tong zhi 通志

Tao shi bie lu 陶氏別錄

Tong zhi 統旨

Tao Yinju ben cao 陶隱居本草

Tong zi mi jue 童子秘訣

784 Tongmiao Shao zhenren fang 通妙邵真人方 Tongmiao zhenren fang 通妙真人方 Tu jing 圖經 Tu jing ben cao 圖經本草 Tu jing wai lei 圖經外類 Tu na jing 吐納經 Tu su 土宿 Tu su ben cao 土宿本草 Tu su zhen jun ben cao 土宿真君本草 Tu xu 圖序

Wai ke xin fa 外科心法 Wai lei 外類 Wai tai 外臺 Wai tai fang 外臺方 Wai tai mi yao 外臺秘要 Wai tai mi yao fang 外臺秘要方 Wai yi fang 外一方 Wai yi mi yao 外一秘要 Wan bao shi shan 萬寶事山 Wan bi shu 萬畢術 Wan quan fang 萬全方

Tu zuan 圖纂 Tuan xiang yao ci 彖象繇辭 Tui qi xian lan 退齊閑覽 Tuizhai xian lu 退齋閑錄 Tuizhai ya wen lu 退齋雅聞錄

W Wai dan ben cao 外丹本草 Wai ke fa hui 外科發揮 Wai ke fang 外科方 Wai ke ji yan fang 外科集驗方 Wai ke jing yan fang 外科經驗方 Wai ke jing yao 外科精要 Wai ke jing yao fang 外科精要方 Wai ke jing yao xin lun 外科精要新論 Wai ke jing yi 外科精義 Wai ke li li 外科理例 Wai ke mi chuan 外科秘傳 Wai ke tong xuan lun 外科通玄論

Wan quan hu ming fang 萬全護命方 Wan shi fang 萬氏方 Wan shi ji shan tang 萬氏積善堂 Wan wei yu bian 宛委餘編 Wang Guiling ji 王龜齡集 Wang hui bian 王會篇 Wang Lun yi lun 王綸醫論 Wang Meixi ji 王梅溪集 Wang shi bo ji 王氏博濟 Wang shi bo ji fang 王氏博濟方 Wang shi dou zhen fang 王氏痘疹方 Wang shi fang 王氏方 Wang shi ji yao 王氏集要 Wang shi jian yi fang 王氏簡易方 Wang shi jiu yuan fang 王氏究原方 Wang shi jiu yuan fang 王氏究源方 Wang shi nong shu 王氏農書 Wang shi qi fang 王氏奇方 Wang shi shou ji 王氏手集

785 Wang shi wan wei lu 王氏宛委錄

Wei sheng zong wei lun 衛生總微論

Wang shi xiao er fang 王氏小兒方

Wei shi 魏詩

Wang shi yi fang jie jing 王氏醫方捷徑

Wei shi de xiao 危氏得效

Wang shi yi jian 王氏易簡 Wang shi yi jian fang 王氏易簡方 Wang shi zi shuo 王氏字説 Wang Wei shi 王維詩 Wang Wei shi ji 王維詩集 Wang Wei ying tao shi 王維櫻桃詩 Wang Xizhi tie 王羲之帖 Wang Yi zhu 王逸注 Wang Yi zhu Chu ci 王逸注楚辭 Wang you jun fa tie 王右軍法帖 Wang Yuanzhi ji 王元之集 Wei Dan fang 韋丹方 Wei hang ji tan 葦航紀談 Wei hang xi tan 韋航細談 Wei ling xian zhuan 威靈仙傳 Wei lüe 魏略 Wei sheng 衛生 Wei sheng bao jian 衛生寶鑒 Wei sheng fang 衛生方 Wei sheng ge 衛生歌 Wei sheng jia bao 衛生家寶 Wei sheng jia bao fang 衛生家寶方 Wei sheng yi jian 衛生易簡 Wei sheng yi jian fang 衛生易簡方 Wei sheng za xing 衛生雜興 Wei sheng zong wei 衛生總微 Wei sheng zong wei fang 衛生總微方

Wei shi de xiao fang 危氏得效方 Wei shi fang 危氏方 Wei shu 緯書 Wei shu 魏書 Wei wang hua mu zhi 魏王花木志 Wei Wen di ji 魏文帝集 Wei Wu di fu 魏武帝賦 Wei Wu di ji 魏武帝集 Wei Wu di shi zhi 魏武帝食制 Wei Wu shi zhi 魏武食制 Wei zhi 魏志 Wen fang si pu 文房四譜 → Bi pu 筆譜  → Mo pu 墨譜 → Yan pu 硯譜 → Zhi pu 紙譜 Wen Jushi fang 溫居士方 Wen xi 文系 Wen xian tong kao 文獻通考 Wen xuan 文選 Wen xuan zhu 文選注 Wen Yinju fang 溫隱居方 Wen Yinju hai shang fang 溫隱居海上方 Wen yuan ying hua 文苑英華 Wen zi ji lüe 文字集略 Wen zi zhi gui 文字指歸 Weng tian yu 瓮天語 Wu ben xin shu 務本新書

786

X

Wu dai shi 五代史 Wu du fu 吳都賦 Wu du fu zhu 吳都賦注 Wu fu jing 五符經 Wu ji 吳紀 Wu jing da quan 五經大全 Wu jing si bu 五經四部 Wu lei jing 五雷經 Wu lei xiang gan zhi 物類相感志 Wu li lun 物理論 Wu ling ji 武陵記 Wu lu 吳錄 Wu lu di li zhi 吳錄地理志 Wu Pu ben cao 吳普本草

Xi hu zhi 西湖志 Xi jing za ji 西京雜記 Xi Liang ji 西涼記 Xi man cong hua 溪蠻叢話 Xi man cong xiao 溪蠻叢笑 Xi nang 奚囊 Xi nang bei ji fang 奚囊備急方 Xi nang za zuan 奚囊雜纂 Xi qiao ye ji 西樵野記 Xi shan jing 西山經 Xi shang fu tan 席上腐談 Xi shi ji 西使記

Wu Rui ben cao 吳瑞本草

Xi wang mu zhen zhong fang 西王母枕中方

Wu shi ben cao 吳氏本草

Xi Yanshang fang 席延賞方

Wu shi xin tong 吳氏心統 Wu xi ji 五溪記 Wu xing ji 五行記 Wu xing pian 五行篇 Wu xing shu 五行書 Wu xing zhi 五行志 Wu xing zhuan 五行傳 Wu xue bian 吾學編 Wu Yue chun qiu 吳越春秋 Wu zhen pian 悟真篇 Wu zhi 吳志 Wu zhi jing 五芝經

Xi yu ji 西域記 Xi yu zhuan 西域傳 Xi zheng fu 西征賦 Xia guan fu 遐觀賦 Xia ri ji 暇日記 Xia shi qi ji fang 夏氏奇疾方 Xia shu 夏書 Xia tai jun niang niang fang   夏太君娘娘方 Xia xiao zheng 夏小正 Xia xiao zheng yue ling 夏小正月令 Xia xiao zheng zhu 夏小正注 Xia Yu shen xian jing 夏禹神仙經 Xia Ziyi fang 夏子益方

787 Xia Ziyi qi fang 夏子益奇方 Xian chuan fang 仙傳方 Xian chuan wai ke 仙傳外科 Xian fang 仙方 Xian fang zhuan 仙方傳 Xian jing 仙經 Xian ju fu 閑居賦 Xian lu ji 陷虜記 Xian tan 閑談 Xian wan biao 薟丸表 Xiang bei jing 相貝經 Xiang gan zhi 相感志 Xiang he jing 相鶴經 Xiang lu 香錄 Xiang mian ji 襄沔記 Xiang pu 香譜 Xiangru fu 相如賦 Xiao er 小兒 Xiao er fang 小兒方 Xiao er fang jue 小兒方訣 Xiao er gong qi fang 小兒宮氣方 Xiao er gong qi ji 小兒宮氣集 Xiao er jing feng mi jue 小兒驚風秘訣 Xiao er mi jue 小兒秘訣 Xiao er wei sheng zong wei lun fang 小 兒衛生總微論方 → Wei sheng zong wei lun     衛生總微論 Xiao er ya 小爾雅 Xiao er yao zheng zhi jue 小兒藥證直訣   → Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣

Xiao er yi fang miao xuan 小兒醫方妙選   → Xiao er fang 小兒方 Xiao er zhi jue 小兒直訣 Xiao jing yuan shen qi 孝經援神契 Xiao Jingguan fang 蕭靜觀方 Xiao pin 小品 Xiao pin fang 小品方 Xiao shuo 小説 Xiao shuo 消説 Xiao ya 小雅 Xiao zhao 小招 Xiaoshan qi fang 小山奇方 Xie pu 蟹譜 Xie shi 薤詩 Xie shi xiao er fang 謝氏小兒方 Xie zhu zheng qi 謝术蒸啓 Xin chuan fang 心傳方 Xin fa fu yu 心法附餘 Xin jian 心鑒 Xin jing 心鏡 Xin shu 新書 Xin Tang shu yi wen zhi   新唐書藝文志 → Yin fu jing 陰符經 Xin tong 心統 Xin xiao fang 信效方 Xin xiu ben cao 新修本草 → Tang ben cao 唐本草 Xing cha lu 星槎錄 Xing cha sheng lan 星槎勝覽 Xing cheng ji 行程記

788 Xing li da quan 性理大全

Xu shui jing 續水經

Xing lin zhai yao 杏林摘要

Xu sou shen ji 續搜神記

Xing qin 星禽 Xing qin shu 星禽書 Xing qin zhen xing tu 星禽真形圖 Xing ying za ji 行營雜記 Xing ying za lu 行營雜錄 Xiong shi bu yi 熊氏補遺

Xu wang fang 徐王方 Xu wang jing yan fang 徐王經驗方 Xu Wenbo fang 徐文伯方 Xu Wugui pian 徐無鬼篇 Xu xian zhuan 續仙傳 Xu Xuan zhu Shuo wen 徐鉉注説文

Xiong shi fu ren liang fang bu yi 熊氏婦人良方補遺

Xu ying hua 續英華

Xiong shi li ji shu 熊氏禮記疏

Xu yun fu qun yu 續韻府群玉

Xiu yang shu 修養書

Xu zhen jun shu 許真君書

Xiu zhen 袖珍 Xiu zhen fang 袖珍方 Xiu zhen mi jue 修真秘訣 Xiu zhen mi zhi 修真秘旨 Xiu zhen xiao er fang 袖珍小兒方 Xiu zhen zhi nan 修真指南 Xixi cong hua 西溪叢話 Xu bo wu zhi 續博物志 Xu Boyu fang 徐伯玉方 Xu chuan xin fang 續傳信方 Xu Han shu 續漢書 Xu Han wu xing zhi 續漢五行志 Xu Kai zhu Shuo wen 徐鍇注説文 Xu mo ke hui xi 續墨客揮犀 Xu Qi xie ji 續齊諧記 Xu Renze fang 許仁則方 Xu shi jia chuan fang 徐氏家傳方 Xu shi quan fang 續十全方 Xu shi tai chan fang 徐氏胎產方

Xu Yu jing yan fang 徐玉經驗方

Xuan dian 軒典 Xuan fang 選方 Xuan gan chuan shi lun 玄感傳屍論 Xuan ming 宣明 Xuan ming fang 宣明方 Xuan ming fen fang 玄明粉方 Xuan ming fen zhuan 玄明粉傳 Xuan ming lun fang 宣明論方 → Xuan ming fang 宣明方 Xuan ming yan ke 宣明眼科 Xuan qi fang 選奇方 Xuan zheng za lu 宣政雜錄 Xuan zhong ji 玄中記 Xuan zhu mi yu 玄珠密語 Xuanyuan ben ji 軒轅本紀 Xuanyuan nei zhuan 軒轅內傳 Xuanyuan shu bao zang lun 軒轅述寶藏論 Xun zhi zhai ji 遜志齋集 Xun zi 荀子

789

y Ya jing 鴉經 Ya shu 雅述 Yan hou kou chi fang 咽喉口齒方 Yan ke Long mu lun 眼科龍木論 Yan ke zhen gou fang 眼科針鉤方 Yan ling fang 延齡方 Yan ling zhi bao fang 延齡至寶方 Yan nian fang 延年方 Yan nian mi lu 延年秘錄 Yan nian mi lu fang 延年秘錄方 Yan pu 硯譜 Yan pu ou tan 檐曝偶談 Yan qin shu 演禽書 Yan shan Liu shi fang 鹽山劉氏方 Yan shan lu 燕山錄 Yan shi jia xun 顔氏家訓 Yan Shigu zhu 顔師古注

Yan Yuexuan fang 嚴月軒方 Yan Zhitui jia xun 顔之推家訓 Yan zi chun qiu 晏子春秋 Yang Jing zhu Xun zi 楊倞注荀子 Yang ke man bi 養疴漫筆 Yang lao fang 養老方 Yang lao shu 養老書 Yang Qingsou wai ke 楊清叟外科 Yang sheng bi yong fang 養生必用方 Yang sheng fang 養生方 Yang sheng ji 養生集 Yang sheng ji yao 養生集要 Yang sheng lun 養生論 Yang sheng yao ji 養生要集 Yang sheng zhu lun 養生主論 Yang Sheng’an ji 楊昇庵集 Yang shi chan ru 楊氏產乳 Yang shi chan ru fang 楊氏產乳方

Yan Shigu zhu Shang lin fu 顔師古注上林賦

Yang shi chan ru ji yan fang 楊氏產乳集驗方 → Chan ru ji yan fang 產乳集驗方

Yan shou fang 延壽方

Yang shi fang 楊氏方

Yan Shigu zhu Han shu 顔師古注漢書

Yan shou shu 延壽書 Yan shou zhu fang 延壽諸方 Yan tie lun 鹽鐵論 Yan Wu xing ji 燕吳行紀 Yan Wu xing yi ji 燕吳行役紀 → Yan Wu xing ji 燕吳行紀 Yan yi 衍義 Yan yi bu yi 衍義補遺

Yang shi fu zi ji 楊氏附子記 Yang shi jia cang 楊氏家藏 Yang shi jia cang fang 楊氏家藏方 Yang shi jia cang jing yan fang   楊氏家藏經驗方 Yang shi jing yan 楊氏經驗 Yang shi jing yan fang 楊氏經驗方 Yang shi ying hai bao jian 楊氏嬰孩寶鑒

790 Yang Wenwei fang 楊文蔚方

Ye shi zhai xuan fang 葉氏摘玄方

Yang Yaofu fang 楊堯輔方

Ye shui dong ri ji 葉水東日記

Yang zhu jing 養豬經

Ye yu 野語

Yanzhou zhi yan 弇州巵言

Ye zhong ji 鄴中記

Yao cao tu 藥草圖

Yi 易

Yao dai fu fang 姚大夫方

Yi bu fang wu ji 益部方物記

Yao dui 藥對

Yi bu fang wu lüe ji 益部方物略記   → Jian nan fang wu zan 劍南方物贊

Yao Hezhong fang 姚和衆方 Yao jue 藥訣 Yao jue 要訣 Yao lei fa xiang 藥類法象 Yao lu 藥錄 Yao pu 藥譜 Yao Sengtan fang 姚僧坦方 Yao tu 藥圖 Yao xiang kou jue 藥象口訣 Yao xing 藥性 Yao xing ben cao 藥性本草 Yao xing fu 藥性賦 Yao xing lun 藥性論 Yao yan 藥驗 Yao zhun 藥准 Yao zong jue 藥總訣 Ye cai pu 野菜譜 Ye ren xian hua 野人閑話 Ye shi 野史 Ye shi fang 葉氏方 Ye shi shui yun lu 葉氏水雲錄 Ye shi tong bian yao fa 葉氏通變要法 Ye shi zhai xuan 葉氏摘玄

Yi bu fang wu tu 益部方物圖 Yi bu ji 益部記 Yi fa fang yi lun 異法方宜論 Yi fang da cheng 醫方大成 Yi fang ji cheng 醫方集成 Yi fang jie jing 醫方捷徑 Yi fang miao xuan 醫方妙選 Yi fang xin jing 醫方心鏡 Yi fang xuan yao 醫方選要 Yi fang zhai xuan 醫方摘玄 Yi fang zhai yao 醫方摘要 Yi jia da fa 醫家大法 Yi jian 醫鑒 Yi jian 易簡 Yi jian fang 易簡方 Yi jing 易經 Yi jing 醫鏡 Yi jing xiao xue 醫經小學 Yi jing zhu shu 易經注疏 Yi lei 異類 Yi lei yuan rong 醫壘元戎 Yi li 儀禮

791 Yi li 逸禮

Yi yu lu 醫余錄

Yi lin ji yao 醫林集要

Yi yu tu 異魚圖

Yi lin ji yao fang 醫林集要方

Yi yuan 異苑

Yi lin zheng zong 醫林正宗

Yi yuan ci huang 藝苑雌黃

Yi shi 醫史

Yi zhan 易占

Yi shi 逸史

Yi zhen tang fang 頤真堂方

Yi shu 逸書

Yi zhen tang jing yan fang 頤真堂經驗方

Yi shu 異術 Yi shu yue ling 逸書月令 Yi shuo 醫説 Yi shuo 異説 Yi tong 醫通 Yi tong gua yan 易通卦驗 Yi tong gua yan xuan tu 易通卦驗玄圖 Yi tong zhi 一統志 Yi wen ji 異聞記 Yi wen lei ju 藝文類聚 Yi wen zhi 藝文志 Yi wu zhi 異物志 Yi xue fa ming 醫學發明 Yi xue gang mu 醫學綱目 Yi xue ji cheng 醫學集成 Yi xue qi yuan 醫學啟源 Yi xue qie wen 醫學切問 Yi xue tong zhi 醫學統旨 Yi xue xin jing 醫學心鏡 Yi xue zheng chuan 醫學正傳 Yi xue zheng zong 醫學正宗 Yi xue zhi nan 醫學指南 Yi yu 醫余

Yi zhou fang wu ji 益州方物記 Yi zhou ji 益州記 Yi Zhou shu 逸周書 Yi zi lu 貽子錄 Yi zong san fa 醫宗三法 Yijian xu zhi 夷堅續志 Yijian zhi 夷堅志 Yijian zhi lei bian 夷堅志類編 → Lei bian 類編 Yin de lu 陰德錄 Yin fu jing 陰符經 Yin jue 隱訣 Yin shan biao ti 飲膳標題 Yin shan zheng yao 飲膳正要 Yin xian fu fang 陰憲副方 Yin yang ying xiang lun 陰陽應象論 Yin yang za shu 陰陽雜書 Yin yi 音義 Yin zheng fa ming 陰證發明 Yin zheng lüe li 陰證略例 Ying fu 鷹賦 Ying gong Tang ben cao 英公唐本草 Ying hai bao jian 嬰孩寶鑒

792 Ying hai bao shu 嬰孩寶書

Yu ce ji 玉策記

Ying hai miao jue 嬰孩妙訣

Yu ce jing 玉策經

Ying ji liang fang 應急良方

Yu Cheng Zhengfu shu 與程正輔書

Ying ning sheng wu zang bu xie xin yao  Yu Cui Lian zhou shu 與崔連州書 攖寧生五臟補瀉心要 Yu dong da shen dan sha zhen yao jue → Ying ning xin yao 攖寧心要 玉洞大神丹砂真要訣 Ying ning xin yao 攖寧心要 → Yu dong yao jue 玉洞要訣 Ying Shao zhu Han shu 應劭注漢書

Yu dong lu 餘冬錄

Ying shi 癭詩

Yu dong xu lu 餘冬敘錄 → Yu dong lu 餘冬錄

Ying tong bai wen 嬰童百問 Ying yan fang 應驗方 Yong chang jun zhuan 永昌郡傳 Yong chang zhi 永昌志 Yong jia ji 永嘉記 Yong ju fang 癰疽方 Yong ju fang lun 癰疽方論 Yong ju ji yan fang 癰疽集驗方 Yong lei 永類 Yong lei fang 永類方 Yong lei qian fang 永類鈐方 Yong yao fa xiang 用藥法象 Yong zhou ji 永州記 You huan ji wen 游宦紀聞 You lan zhi 遊覽志 You ming lu 幽明錄 You ming lu 幽冥錄 You Mozhai hua pu 游默齋花譜 You xiao fang 有效方 You yang za zu 酉陽雜俎 You you xin shu 幼幼新書 Yu ce 玉冊

Yu dong yao jue 玉洞要訣 Yu gong 禹貢 Yu han fang 玉函方 Yu Han Kangbo jian 與韓康伯箋 Yu heng zhi 虞衡志 Yu hua 餘話 Yu ji wei yi 玉機微義 Yu jiang shi fang 禹講師方 Yu jiang shi jing yan fang 禹講師經驗方 Yu Jianwu ji 庾肩吾集 Yu Jianwu qi 庾肩吾啟   → Yu Jianwu ji 庾肩吾集 Yu jin song 郁金頌 Yu Jushi fang 余居士方 Yu lan 御覽 Yu lun 玉論 Yu pian 玉篇 Yu Qiao Xi sheng lun huang lian shu 與喬希聖論黃連書 Yu shu 玉書

793 Yu tian guo xing cheng ji   於闐國行程記 → Xing cheng ji 行程記 Yu yao yuan fang 御藥院方 Yu yin cong hua 漁隱叢話 Yu zhu bao dian 玉燭寶典 Yuan bing shi 原病式

Yun xian san lu 雲仙散錄   →Yun xian lu 雲仙錄 Yun xiang fu 芸香賦 Yun yao 蘊要 Yun yu yang qiu 韻語陽秋 Yunlin shi pu 雲林石譜

Yuan fang 院方 Yuan hua ji 原化記

Z

Yuan ji qi wei 原機啟微 → Yuan ji qi wei ji 原機啟微集

Za bing zhi li 雜病治例

Yuan ji qi wei ji 原機啟微集

Za lu 雜錄

Yuan jue jing 圓覺經 Yuan shi 元史 Yuan shi chang qing ji 元氏長慶集 → Chang qing ji 長慶集 Yuan Yishan fang 元遺山方 Yuan Zhen shi 元稹詩 Yuanying ji 淵穎集 Yue ling 月令 Yue ling tong zuan 月令通纂 Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨鈔 Yue sheng sui chao 悅生隨抄 Yun dou shu 運斗樞 Yun fu 韻府 Yun fu qun yu 韻府群玉 Yun hui 韻會 Yun nan ji 雲南記 Yun nan zhi 雲南志 Yun shu 韻書 Yun tai fang 雲臺方 Yun xian lu 雲仙錄

Za ji 雜記 Za xing 雜興 Za xing fang 雜興方 Za xiu yang shu 雜修養書 Za zhi 雜志 Za zi jie gu 雜字解詁 Za zu 雜俎 Zao hua quan yu 造化權輿 Zao hua zhi nan 造化指南 Zeng gong tan lu 曾公談錄 Zeng shi fang 曾氏方 Zeng shi xiao er fang 曾氏小兒方 Zeng yun 增韻 Zhai xuan 摘玄 Zhai xuan fang 摘玄方 Zhai xuan miao fang 摘玄妙方 Zhai yao 摘要 Zhai yao fang 摘要方 Zhan deng hua shu 占燈花術 Zhan guo ce 戰國策

794 Zhan shu 占書

Zhen dou fang 疹痘方

Zhang Donghai ji 張東海集

Zhen gao 真誥

Zhang Hua Qin jing zhu 張華禽經注

Zhen jing 針經

Zhang Hua wu lei zhi 張華物類志

Zhen jiu zi sheng jing 針灸資生經   → Zi sheng jing 資生經

Zhang Hua zhu 張華注 Zhang Hua zhu Qin jing 張華注禽經 Zhang Ji shi 張籍詩 Zhang Ji shi ji 張籍詩集 Zhang Lu fang 張潞方 Zhang ming fu zi ji 彰明附子記 → Fu zi zhuan 附子傳 Zhang Sanfeng fang 張三豐方 Zhang Sanfeng xian fang 張三豐仙方 Zhang shi fang 張氏方 Zhang shi jing yan fang 張氏經驗方 Zhang shi rui ying tu 張氏瑞應圖 Zhang shuo 瘴説 Zhang Tianjue wen ji 張天覺文集 Zhang Wanqiu ji 張宛丘集 Zhang Wenzhong fang 張文仲方 Zhang Xie fu 張協賦 Zhang Yi zhu Han shu 張揖注漢書 Zhang Zhongjing fang 張仲景方 Zhang Zihe fang 張子和方 Zhao shi fang 趙氏方 Zhao shi jing yan 趙氏經驗 Zhao shi jing yan fang 趙氏經驗方 Zhao Shuwen yi fang 趙叔文醫方 Zhao Yong‘an fang 趙永庵方 Zhao zhenren fang 趙真人方 Zhe zhi 浙志

Zhen la feng tu ji 真腊風土記   → Zhen la ji 真腊記 Zhen la ji 真腊記 Zhen Liyan ben cao 甄立言本草 Zhen Quan ben cao 甄權本草 Zhen Quan yao xing 甄權藥性 Zhen yi zhuan 甄異傳 Zhen yuan guang li fang 貞元廣利方 Zhen zhong fang 枕中方 Zhen zhong ji 枕中記 Zhen zhong su shu 枕中素書 Zhen zhu nang 珍珠囊 Zheng bu lun 正部論 Zheng chuan 正傳 Zheng feng shi 鄭風詩 Zheng he ben cao 政和本草 Zheng lei 證類 Zheng lei ben cao 證類本草 Zheng shi 鄭詩 Zheng shi fang 鄭氏方 Zheng shi jia chuan 鄭氏家傳 Zheng shi jia chuan fang 鄭氏家傳方 Zheng shi xiao er fang 鄭氏小兒方 Zheng Shifu fang 鄭師甫方 Zheng Xuan zhu 鄭玄注 Zheng yao 正要

795 Zheng yi 正義

Zhigu zi 炙轂子

Zheng zhi 證治

Zhong hua gu jin zhu 中華古今注

Zheng zhi ben cao 證治本草

Zhong Kui zhuan 鍾馗傳

Zheng zhi fa ming 證治發明

Zhong shan jing 中山經

Zheng zhi yao jue 證治要訣

Zhong shu shu 種樹書

Zheng zong 正宗

Zhong zang jing 中藏經

Zhi bao fang 至寶方

Zhong zhi shu 種植書

Zhi cao tu 芝草圖

Zhongjing fang 仲景方

Zhi du lun 止妒論

Zhou Bida ji 周必大集

Zhi fu cao shi lun 制伏草石論

Zhou Dian xian bei 周顛仙碑

Zhi guai 志怪

Zhou guan 周官

Zhi gui lun 質龜論

Zhou hou 肘後

Zhi jue 直訣

Zhou hou bai yi fang 肘後百一方

Zhi li 治例

Zhou hou bei ji fang 肘後備急方

Zhi mi fang 指迷方

Zhou hou fang 肘後方

Zhi nan fang 指南方

Zhou hou liang fang 肘後良方

Zhi pu 紙譜

Zhou hou yao fang 肘後要方

Zhi qing za shuo 摭青雜説

Zhou ji 粥記

Zhi ran zhai chao 治然齋抄

Zhou li 周禮

Zhi tai yi fang 支太醫方

Zhou li zhu 周禮注

Zhi tai yi mi fang 支太醫秘方

Zhou li zhu shu 周禮注疏

Zhi wen shuo 治聞説

Zhou nan 周南

Zhi ya tang chao 志雅堂抄

Zhou nan shi 周南詩

Zhi ya tang za chao 志雅堂雜鈔

Zhou shu 周書

Zhi yan 巵言

Zhou song 周頌

Zhi Yin fang 芝隱方

Zhou yi 周易

Zhi zhang fu 指掌賦

Zhou yi tong gua yan 周易通卦驗

Zhi zhen yao da lun 至真要大論

Zhu bing yuan hou lun 諸病源候論 → Bing yuan lun 病原論

Zhi zhi 直指 Zhi zhi fang 直指方

Zhu jie bing ji fu 注解病機賦 → Bing ji fu 病機賦

796 Zhu jie yao xing fu 注解藥性賦 → Yao xing fu 藥性賦 Zhu pu 竹譜 Zhu shi fang 朱氏方 Zhu shi ji yan 朱氏集驗 Zhu shi ji yan fang 朱氏集驗方 Zhu shi jing yan fang 朱氏經驗方 Zhu wen xuan 注文選 Zhu wu bu 主物簿 Zhu zheng bian yi 諸證辨疑 Zhu zhenren ling yan pian 朱真人靈驗篇 Zhu zi da quan 朱子大全 Zhuan 傳 Zhuan ji 傳記 Zhuo yi ji 卓異記 Zi lin 字林 Zi ling yuan jun zhuan 紫靈元君傳 Zi mu lu 子母錄 Zi mu mi lu 子母秘錄 Zi mu mi lu fang 子母秘錄方 Zi ran lun 自然論 Zi sheng jing 資生經 Zi shuo 字説 Ziwei furen zhu xu 紫微夫人术序 Zixu fu 子虛賦 Zong bing lun 總病論 Zong gui 總龜 Zong gui dui lei 總龜對類 Zong lu 總錄 Zong lu fang 總錄方

Zong wei 總微 Zong wei lun 總微論 Zuan qi fang 纂奇方 Zuan wen 纂文 Zuan yao 纂要 Zuan yao fang 纂要方 Zuan yao qi fang 纂要奇方 Zuo Ci mi jue 左慈秘訣 Zuo Guipin ji 左貴嬪集 Zuo meng lu 昨夢錄 Zuo shi guo yu 左氏國語 Zuo Si fu 左思賦 Zuo zhuan 左傳 Zuo zhuan zhu 左傳注