CSA B14.2.1-10 - Atomizing-type oil burners 9781554914333

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B140.2.1-10

Atomizing-type oil burners

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CSA Standards Update Service B140.2.1-10 July 2010 Title: Atomizing-type oil burners Pagination: 38 pages (vii preliminary and 31 text), each dated July 2010 To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publication •

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CSA Standard

B140.2.1-10 Atomizing-type oil burners

Published in July 2010 by Canadian Standards Association A not-for-profit private sector organization 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6 1-800-463-6727 • 416-747-4044

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ISBN 978-1-55491-433-3 Technical Editor: Laura Contasti © Canadian Standards Association — 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.

© Canadian Standards Association

Atomizing-type oil burners

Contents Technical Committee on Oil Burning Appliances v Preface vii 1 Scope 1 2 Reference publications 1 3 Definitions 2 4 General requirements 2 4.1 General 2 4.2 Electrical features 2 4.3 Methods of assembly and shipment 3 4.4 Specific burner applications 3 4.5 Combination fuel burners 3 5 Construction 3 5.1 General 3 5.2 Burner support 3 Blower housings, air dampers, and air tubes 4 5.3 5.3.1 General 4 5.3.2 Combustion air control 4 5.3.3 Air tubes 5 5.4 Blowers and fans 5 5.5 Shafts, tubes, and cups 5 5.6 Means for ignition 6 5.7 Pilot burners 6 5.8 Hinged firing heads 7 5.9 Preheaters 7 5.10 Fuel lines and fittings 7 5.10.1 General 7 5.10.2 Air pockets 8 5.11 Valves 8 5.11.1 General 8 5.11.2 Pressure-regulating valves 8 5.11.3 Automatic cut-off valves 9 5.11.4 Pre-purge 9 5.11.5 Viscosity compensating devices 9 5.12 Fuel units and fuel pumps 9 5.13 Atomizing nozzles, tubes, and cups 11 5.13.1 General 11 5.13.2 Atomizing nozzles 11 5.13.3 High-pressure atomizing nozzles 12 5.14 Fuel oil filters 12 5.15 Safety controls 13 5.15.1 General 13 5.15.2 Primary safety controls 13 5.15.3 Combustion safety controls 14 5.16 Air-flow-through-burner controls 15

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6 Tests 15 6.1 General 15 6.2 Combustion 16 6.2.1 Test requirements 16 6.2.2 Test procedures 16 6.3 Ignition 17 6.3.1 Test requirements 17 6.3.2 Test procedures 18 6.4 Abnormal voltage 18 6.4.1 Test requirements 18 6.4.2 Test procedures 19 6.5 Abnormal operation 19 6.6 After-drip 20 6.7 Temperatures 20 High-pressure atomizing nozzles 20 6.8 6.9 Fuel units and fuel pumps 20 6.9.1 Fuel volume and pressure 20 6.9.2 Integrated fuel units and fuel pumps 20 6.9.3 Integrated filters and filter housings 20 6.9.4 Fuel units and fuel pumps outside the scope of this Standard 20 6.9.5 Compliance 20 6.9.6 Fuel grade for testing 20 6.9.7 Alternate fuel grades for testing 21 6.9.8 Distortion 21 6.9.9 Operation of pressure-regulating and nozzle cut-off valve assemblies 21 6.9.10 Vacuum and capacity 21 6.9.11 Endurance 22 6.9.12 Hydrostatic pressure leakage 22 6.9.13 Static-pressure leakage 22 6.9.14 Mercurous nitrate immersion 23 6.10 Combustion safety controls 23 7 Markings 24 7.1 General 24 7.2 Details required 24 7.3 Fuel pumps 25 8 Instructions 25 8.1 General 25 8.2 Installation and service manual 25 8.3 Operating instructions 26 Annexes A (informative) — Markings translations 30 Tables 1 — Torque requirements for screws and bolts 27 2 — Combustion safety control timing 28 3 — Test line voltage 28 4 — Minimum over-fire pressure 29 5 — Torque requirements for pipe connections 29

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Technical Committee on Oil Burning Appliances R.W. Smith

Canadian Oil Heat Association, Whitby, Ontario

Chair

T. Begoske

Field Controls LLC, Brighton, Michigan, USA

Vice-Chair

C. Baumgartner

Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

B. Blouin

UTC Canada Corporation, Division ICP, Sherbrooke, Québec

H. Bouchard

Corporation des maîtres mécaniciens en tuyauterie du Québec, Montréal, Québec

K.D. Cabrera

The Coleman Company Inc., Wichita, Kansas, USA

R.L. Cane

Caneta Research, Mississauga, Ontario

J. Gorman

CSA International, Independence, Ohio, USA

M. Grandi

Riello Canada Incorporated, Mississauga, Ontario

E. Grzesik

Ontario Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, Toronto, Ontario

A.C. Hayden

Integrated Energy Systems, SBC CETCO, Ottawa, Ontario

A. Herzon

Nordyne Inc., O’Fallon, Missouri, USA

K. Johnson

Newmac Manufacturing Incorporated, Debert, Nova Scotia

P.G. McKay

Brampton, Ontario

R. Mossavi

Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc., Waterloo, Ontario

P. Rizcallah

National Research Council Canada, Canadian Codes Centre, Ottawa, Ontario

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M. Robinet

ECR International Ltd., Olsen Division, Wallaceburg, Ontario

P. Scott

Central Yukon Region Consumer & Protective Services, Whitehorse, Yukon

D.C. Stewart

Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour, Halifax, Nova Scotia

R. Storey

Delaur Ltd., Oakville, Ontario

R. Sumabat

Technical Standards & Safety Authority, Toronto, Ontario

J.R. Willey

Superior Energy Systems, Derby, Kansas, USA

L. Contasti

Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, Ontario

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Project Manager

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Atomizing-type oil burners

Preface This is the third edition of CSA B140.2.1, Atomizing-type oil burners. It supersedes the previous editions, published in 1990 and 1973 under the title Oil Burners; Atomizing-Type. This Standard is one of a series addressing atomizing-type oil burners. The other Standards in the series are (a) CSA B140.1, Vapourizing-type oil burners; and (b) CSA B140.2.2, Pressure atomizing oil burner nozzles. This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Oil Burning Appliances, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Fuel Burning Equipment, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. July 2010 Notes: (1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows. (2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. (3) This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication. (4) CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. (5) All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6. Requests for interpretation should (a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch; (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and (c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer. Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSA’s periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at www.csa.ca.

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B140.2.1-10 Atomizing-type oil burners 1 Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to oil burners of the atomizing type, irrespective of size, firing rate, or grade* of fuel oil, that are designed primarily for installation in warm-air, hot-water, and steam-heating equipment. *As classified in CSA B140.0.

1.2 This Standard may also be applied to atomizing-type oil burners intended for installation in appliances such as ovens, heaters, ranges, and special furnaces.

1.3 This Standard applies to certain components and accessories (e.g., fuel units and combustion safety controls) for atomizing-type oil burners.

1.4 This Standard does not apply to complete oil-fired units, except where atomizing-type burners are integral to the units.

1.5 In CSA standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application.

1.6 The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.

2 Reference publications This Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed below. CSA (Canadian Standards Association) B139-09 Installation code for oil-burning equipment

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B140.0-03 (R2008) Oil-burning equipment: General requirements B140.1-1966 (R2006) Vapourizing-type oil burners B140.2.2-1971 (R2006) Pressure atomizing oil burner nozzles C22.1-09 Canadian Electrical Code, Part I C22.2 Canadian Electrical Code, Part II C22.2 No. 3-M1988 (R2009) Electrical features of fuel-burning equipment ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials) B154-05 Standard Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper Alloys

3 Definitions The definitions in CSA B139 shall apply in this Standard.

4 General requirements 4.1 General 4.1.1 The equipment shall meet the general provisions specified in CSA B140.0

4.1.2 Each oil burner assembly shall be provided with applicable safety controls as specified in CSA B140.0.

4.1.3 The primary safety control shall be provided as a part of the oil burner assembly, except when the oil burner assembly is supplied to a manufacturer of oil-fired appliances (e.g., water heaters, boilers, or furnaces) for inclusion in their products.

4.2 Electrical features 4.2.1 Electrical features shall meet the appropriate requirements of the applicable CSA Standards. Note: The general requirements for electrical features are given in CSA C22.2 No. 3. The requirements for specific electrical component parts are given in the applicable Standards of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part II.

4.2.2 The equipment shall be considered a stationary apparatus and shall be provided with a terminal or connection box, or an appropriate equivalent, for conduit connection to the power source.

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4.2.3 All motors shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in CSA C22.2 No. 3.

4.3 Methods of assembly and shipment Methods of assembly and shipment of the equipment shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in CSA B140.0.

4.4 Specific burner applications 4.4.1 When an oil burner forms a part of, or is intended for installation in, a specific furnace, boiler, heater, oven, or other appliance, the tests and examination shall be sufficient to indicate safe and reliable operation of the burner in the specific installation in accordance with this Standard. Such equipment shall bear a marking, where necessary, to indicate the restriction to the specific application.

4.4.2 When an oil burner is intended for a specific purpose (e.g., installation in tobacco-curing kilns or processing furnaces), the tests and examination shall be sufficient to indicate the suitability of the equipment for the intended application. The burner shall demonstrate the capability to operate safely and reliably in accordance with this Standard. Such equipment shall bear a marking, where necessary, to indicate the restriction to the specific purpose.

4.5 Combination fuel burners 4.5.1 When the burner is intended for operation with more than one type of fuel (e.g., a combination of liquid, gas, or solid), the burner shall demonstrate the capability to operate safely and reliably when firing fuel oil. Note: See the applicable CSA Standards for the requirements for the other fuel portions of combination fuel burners.

4.5.2 When the design of the burner permits changeover from fuel oil to another fuel, the changeover shall be reliable and shall result in safe and reliable operation of the equipment when performed in accordance with the burner manufacturer’s installation instructions.

4.5.3 The operation of a combination fuel burner with gas or coal shall not have any deleterious effects on the oil-burning components.

5 Construction 5.1 General The materials, quality of work, and construction of the equipment shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in CSA B140.0.

5.2 Burner support The burner assembly shall be provided with appropriate support and, if applicable, with the capability for adjustment after installation.

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5.3 Blower housings, air dampers, and air tubes 5.3.1 General 5.3.1.1 Blower housings, air-regulating dampers and housings, and air tubes shall be made of appropriate material with sufficient strength, durability, and flammability and temperature resistance to withstand normal service conditions.

5.3.1.2 Inlet openings providing access to moving parts that can be damaged or cause injury through accidental contact shall be suitably protected.

5.3.1.3 A blower housing in which oil leaking from any oil-handling part of the assembly can accumulate shall be provided with a suitable drain.

5.3.1.4 The air tube shall be designed and constructed so that it is not possible for oil to accumulate within it. Any material dripping from the nozzle shall drain through the front of the air cone. If a drain is used for this purpose, it shall be located in such a way as to avoid blockage by refractory material or cement.

5.3.1.5 Burners that do not comply with Clause 5.3.1.4 are subject to further investigation.

5.3.2 Combustion air control 5.3.2.1 Air-regulating dampers or shutters shall be provided to regulate the air supply to the burner over the full capacity range of the burner, including burners intended only for a single firing rate and excluding burners that form part of an integral combustion system.

5.3.2.2 When the burner is designed for use with a separate secondary air supply, the installation instructions shall describe the method for providing and regulating adequate combustion air for the installation, and the area of the openings and burner performance shall comply with CSA B140.0.

5.3.2.3 The means of adjusting and securing air-regulating dampers shall be reliable, and designed and constructed to discourage tampering. Readily accessible exposed finger-tightened nuts (e.g., wing nuts or knurled nuts) and similar securing methods shall not be used as the sole means for securing such an adjustment.

5.3.2.4 The failure of a locking device used to secure an air-regulating damper shall not result in unsafe operation of the burner.

5.3.2.5 When the burner is equipped with an automatic control intended to vary the firing rate, the burner shall have an automatically proportioned combustion air supply, if necessary, to provide stable combustion.

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5.3.2.6 Burners without an automatically proportioned combustion air supply shall be arranged so that the combustion air supply cannot be fully closed off and the minimum opening shall provide enough combustion air to prevent flame-out of the burner firing at any rate up to the maximum.

5.3.2.7 The linkage for operating air and fuel controls, when provided, shall be designed and constructed to reliably maintain the correct air-fuel ratio and prevent accidental adjustments, damage, or failure.

5.3.2.8 On an automatically adjusted damper, when the adjustment of the damper is likely to change either of its own accord or due to mechanical failure, the damper shall move to a predetermined position that will either ensure safe operation of the burner or will result in shut-down.

5.3.3 Air tubes 5.3.3.1 Air tubes and passages, and associated components provided to direct the air for combustion to the combustion chamber, shall be designed and constructed to direct such air so that it satisfactorily intermixes with the atomized fuel in the combustion chamber. This equipment shall meet the applicable test requirements specified in Clause 6.

5.3.3.2 Parts containing fuel lines, nozzles, and ignition assemblies shall be provided with an inspection and service opening.

5.3.3.3 The opening specified in Clause 5.3.3.2 shall be closed by a suitable cover. Note: A burner component designed for easy removal and replacement may be considered compliant with this requirement.

5.4 Blowers and fans 5.4.1 Blowers and fans that supply the combustion air shall have sufficient capacity to comply with the requirements of the combustion test specified in Clause 6.2.

5.4.2 Blower and fan wheels shall be (a) constructed of materials suitable for the intended application; and (b) secured and balanced to prevent undue vibration or misalignment.

5.5 Shafts, tubes, and cups 5.5.1 Shafts, tubes, cups, and similar parts that distribute fuel or combustion air, or both, shall be designed and constructed so that they maintain alignment and concentricity within practicable limits.

5.5.2 Equipment shall be designed and constructed so that appropriate alignment is maintained between components interconnected by shafts, belts, or equivalents. Note: One example of an equivalent to connection by shafts and belts is a connection that uses flexible couplings between oil-pump shaft fan wheels and the motor shaft.

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5.5.3 Hollow shafts that supply fuel shall be provided with suitable means to prevent fuel oil leakage.

5.5.4 The means provided for the adjustment of an air or oil nozzle, cup, or cone shall not permit the impingement of oil from the oil nozzle or cup on the air nozzle, cup, or cone.

5.6 Means for ignition 5.6.1 The means for ignition shall be designed and located to minimize the collection of carbon, unburned fuel, or other similar material under normal conditions of application and use.

5.6.2 The means for ignition shall provide safe and reliable ignition when subjected to the ignition test specified in Clause 6.3.

5.6.3 Igniter components (e.g., electrode tips) shall be designed and constructed so that they provide safe and reliable ignition throughout the course of the tests specified in Clause 6, without evidence of dislocation, distortion, burning, or oxidation. Note: The materials, shapes, and spark-gap settings used for electrode tips should be carefully selected so that they provide extended safe and reliable operation for the equipment.

5.6.4 Ignition assemblies shall be designed and constructed so that they can neither be incorrectly reassembled nor installed as part of the burner in an incorrect location in relation to the other components.

5.7 Pilot burners 5.7.1 The pilot burner shall be (a) reliable and positive in operation; and (b) designed and shielded so that the flame will not be extinguished during pilot operation.

5.7.2 The pilot burner shall be designed and constructed to prevent excessive accumulation of carbon or foreign matter. Note: Accumulation of carbon or foreign matter on a pilot burner is deemed excessive if the operation of the burner is compromised by the accumulation.

5.7.3 A pilot burner designed for use with fuel oil shall meet the applicable requirements of this Standard.

5.7.4 A suitable means for gas control shall be supplied to regulate the gas flow to a pilot burner designed for use with gas fuel.

5.7.5 A suitable provision shall be made to supply the necessary combustion air to the pilot burner.

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5.7.6 When necessary, provision shall be made to prevent over-heating of the pilot burner.

5.7.7 The means for ignition of an automatically ignited pilot burner shall comply with Clause 5.6.

5.7.8 The pilot burner shall be capable of meeting the applicable test requirements specified in Clause 6 when operated in conjunction with the main oil burner.

5.8 Hinged firing heads 5.8.1 Fully automatic burners having hinged firing heads (e.g., horizontal rotary burners), constructed so that they can be opened for inspection of the firing mechanism, shall be provided with a safety device that prevents the flow of fuel when the burner is in the open position.

5.8.2 The safety device specified in Clause 5.8.1 shall be located and constructed so that the flow of fuel to the burner firing head is shut off before the burner can be released and locked in position for inspection of the firing mechanism. Notes: (1) If an electrical disconnect is used as the safety device, see CSA C22.2 No. 3. (2) The disconnection of an electrical supply cord to the burner is not considered a safety device.

5.9 Preheaters 5.9.1 Burners equipped with preheaters shall be designed and constructed so that no oil can be delivered to the burner for combustion until the oil has been heated to the appropriate temperature for safe combustion.

5.9.2 Preheaters shall be of sufficient capacity to uniformly maintain the appropriate operating temperature under conditions of low fuel oil temperature, in accordance with the abnormal voltage test specified in Clause 6.4.

5.10 Fuel lines and fittings 5.10.1 General 5.10.1.1 Fuel lines and fittings shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in CSA B140.0.

5.10.1.2 Fuel lines and fittings shall be capable of meeting the requirements of the hydrostatic pressure test specified in Clause 6.9.

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5.10.2 Air pockets 5.10.2.1 The fuel lines and fuel-handling components shall be designed and constructed so that they keep the formation of air pockets to a minimum.

5.10.2.2 The fuel conveying system shall be capable of meeting the requirements of the after-drip test specified in Clause 6.6.

5.11 Valves 5.11.1 General 5.11.1.1 The valves forming a part of, or used in conjunction with, burners or components shall comply with the applicable requirements of CSA B140.0.

5.11.1.2 The valves forming a part of, or used in conjunction with, burners or components shall be capable of meeting the applicable test requirements specified in Clause 6.

5.11.1.3 Primary fuel shut-off devices shall be designed and constructed so that they operate reliably, in accordance with the applicable Standard.

5.11.1.4 Suitable relief valves or other valve arrangements shall be provided to prevent excessive pressure build-up in fuel systems.

5.11.1.5 Oil burners having an input in excess of 11.4 L/h (3 US gph) shall be provided with two oil safety shut-off valves or one safety shut-off valve with a nozzle cut-off valve.

5.11.1.6 Oil burners with an input in excess of 340 L/h (90 US gph) shall be equipped with proof-of-closure switches on each valve and a means of relieving excess pressure that can develop between the valves due to ambient temperature rise.

5.11.2 Pressure-regulating valves 5.11.2.1 The means of adjustment for a pressure-regulating valve shall be capable of maintaining the adjustment without further attention and shall be protected against tampering.

5.11.2.2 The design and construction of the means of adjustment specified in Clause 5.11.2.1 shall permit minimal leakage during adjustment and shall permit no leakage during operation.

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5.11.2.3 The correct direction of fuel flow through the valve and the correct operating position shall be capable of being readily determined.

5.11.2.4 A readily accessible and applicable connection shall be provided for the attachment of a pressure gauge.

5.11.3 Automatic cut-off valves Automatic cut-off valves shall not open to permit the passage of fuel to the nozzle of an oil-pressure atomizing burner until sufficient fuel pressure has been attained to ensure satisfactory atomization and shall close before the fuel pressure falls below applicable atomization pressure.

5.11.4 Pre-purge A burner shall be provided with a means for obtaining a pre-purge cycle on every start and a positive shut-off at every stop equivalent to that attained with a solenoid valve. Electric solenoid valves, when used, shall be suitable for the application. The designed working pressure of the valve shall be not less than the maximum operating pressure.

5.11.5 Viscosity compensating devices An appropriate relief valve shall be provided for viscosity compensating devices. The valve shall operate at less than the pressure that would create an unsafe condition.

5.12 Fuel units and fuel pumps 5.12.1 The fuel pump or unit shall be constructed so that parts removed for normal servicing can be readily reassembled correctly.

5.12.2 A convenient means shall be provided for any necessary field adjustment requiring the use of a tool and shall be covered or located in such a way as to discourage tampering.

5.12.3 Screws or bolts used to attach parts that are detached for normal care or servicing shall be capable of withstanding the torques indicated in Table 1 after removal and replacement.

5.12.4 Liquid-confining parts of a fuel pump or unit, excluding seals and gaskets, shall be made of a material having a melting point of not less than 538 °C (1000°F).

5.12.5 Metallic and non-metallic materials used in fuel units and pumps (e.g., for bodies, gears, gaskets, vanes, etc.) shall be applicable to the service intended.

5.12.6 Fuel units and pumps shall be provided with a suitable means for mounting, independent of piping or tubing.

5.12.7 Head joints shall be leak-proof, such that they are capable of meeting the applicable test requirements specified in Clause 6.9.

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5.12.8 A suitable means shall be provided to prevent fuel leakage along the shafts of fuel pumps and units. The means provided shall be capable of meeting the applicable test requirements specified in Clause 6.9.

5.12.9 Moving parts and their bearings shall be designed and constructed so that they are suitable for the intended purpose.

5.12.10 Components (e.g., pressure-regulating, bypass, and cut-off valves and filters) that are incorporated into fuel units shall meet the applicable requirements for such components.

5.12.11 Inlet and outlet connections threaded for attachment to pipe shall be designed and constructed so that when a pipe threaded two threads beyond standard is run into the thread portion of the opening, the pipe will not distort any portion of the body or adversely affect the operation of the pump.

5.12.12 Access and drain openings shall be closed by standard pipe plugs or suitable threaded shouldered plugs. If a gasket is used, it shall be retained by the pump body or the plug when the plug is removed.

5.12.13 Means shall be provided for the attachment of a pressure gauge at the outlet of the fuel pump or unit and for the bleeding of air trapped inside the fuel pump or unit.

5.12.14 The design and application of a spring used in a pump assembly to prevent external leakage, or in a safety mechanism, shall be such that it will not fail because of conditions such as corrosion, fatigue, overstress, or wear.

5.12.15 A diaphragm-type valve, or device in which a flexible diaphragm constitutes the only liquid seal, shall have the atmospheric side of the diaphragm enclosed in a liquid-tight casing or shall limit leakage when tested to Clause 6.9.

5.12.16 Failure of a diaphragm used as part of a pressure-relief or -regulating valve or device shall not result in an increase of internal or regulated pressure.

5.12.17 A diaphragm shall be designed and constructed so that it withstands the conditions of extended service without failure and shall be protected from damage. The movement of a diaphragm-type valve shall be of a positive motion.

5.12.18 Metal parts coming into contact with a diaphragm shall not have sharp edges, burrs, or projections that might chafe or abrade the diaphragm.

5.12.19 A fuel unit incorporating pressure-regulating or fuel cut-off features shall be provided with a strainer or filter. A strainer or filter that is not integral with the fuel unit shall be provided and attached to the inlet of the fuel unit.

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5.12.20 The enclosure of a straining or filter element shall be constructed so that it permits ready access to the element without damage to or distortion of the element or the enclosure and without requiring the removal of the pumping, regulating, or cut-off assemblies.

5.12.21 The fuel pump or unit shall be capable of meeting the applicable test requirements specified in Clause 6.9.

5.12.22 The fuel pump or unit shall operate over its specified range of pressures and capacities without producing effects such as excessive vibration, noise, and chatter.

5.12.23 The fuel pump or unit shall be capable of meeting the hydrostatic pressure test requirements specified in Clause 6.9.12.

5.12.24 When the fuel pump is separate from the burner motor and the burner has an input in excess of 75 L/h (20 US gph), a low pressure fuel oil control shall be installed to shut down the burner in the event of low pressure in the fuel oil supply system.

5.13 Atomizing nozzles, tubes, and cups 5.13.1 General 5.13.1.1 Atomizing nozzles, tubes, and cups shall be securely mounted to ensure that the correct relationship is maintained with the adjacent components.

5.13.1.2 The materials used for atomizing nozzles, tubes, and cups shall be capable of withstanding the radiant heat of flame without excessive oxidation or corrosion. Steel parts shall be suitably protected, when necessary, to resist corrosion.

5.13.2 Atomizing nozzles 5.13.2.1 Atomizing nozzles, unless designed for a specific use (e.g., for low-pressure atomizing burners), shall be interchangeable with other standard nozzles having the same capacity, spray angle, and spray pattern. If the nozzle is designated for a specific use, it shall not be readily interchangeable with other types of nozzles.

5.13.2.2 Atomizing nozzles that form an integral (non-interchangeable) part of the oil burner assembly are subject to further investigation to determine their suitability for the intended application.

5.13.2.3 Atomizing nozzles designed to be interchangeable shall be clearly marked with the (a) rated capacity; (b) spray angle; and (c) spray type or pattern.

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5.13.2.4 When a specific oil nozzle is required and a standard nozzle within the scope of CSA B140.2.2 is available, the burner marking shall identify equivalent nozzles that may be used. The burner shall comply with the tests specified in this Standard when equipped with the equivalent nozzle.

5.13.2.5 Unless otherwise specified, the rated capacity of a nozzle shall be designated in litres per hour (L/h) [US gallons per hour (US gph)]. The spray angle shall be designated in degrees and the spray type or pattern, when applicable, by a suitable type of code designation.

5.13.2.6 Atomizing nozzles up to 11.4 L/h (3 US gph) capacity, designed to be interchangeable, shall not exceed 12.5 ± 1.6 mm (1/2 ± 1/16 in) in length, as measured from the orifice tip to the shoulder.

5.13.2.7 The shoulders of atomizing nozzles shall be constructed to ensure a positive seal with the nozzle adapter.

5.13.3 High-pressure atomizing nozzles 5.13.3.1 High-pressure atomizing nozzles shall be of suitable material to resist excessive wear at the orifice. Precautions shall be taken to prevent the formation of air pockets.

5.13.3.2 A suitable filter or strainer shall be provided at, or immediately upstream of, the nozzle to protect each high-pressure atomizing nozzle having a capacity of 11.4 L/h (3 US gph) or less.

5.13.3.3 For high-pressure atomizing nozzles, the equivalent filter mesh size shall be in accordance with the following: (a) less than 3.78 L/h (1 US gph) — filtration equal to or finer than that provided by a mesh number not less than 150; or (b) 3.78 to 11.3 L/h (1 to 3 US gph) — filtration equal to or finer than that provided by a mesh number not less than 100.

5.13.3.4 Nozzle filters fabricated from porous bronze, pressed steel, or other materials shall provide protection for the nozzle orifice equivalent to the protection specified in Clause 5.13.3.3.

5.13.3.5 High-pressure atomizing nozzles shall comply with Clause 6.8.

5.14 Fuel oil filters The fuel oil filters or strainers that are used as part of, or in conjunction with, burners or components shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in CSA B140.0.

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5.15 Safety controls 5.15.1 General 5.15.1.1 The safety controls provided with the oil burner shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in CSA B140.0. Note: See CSA B139 for the installation requirements for safety controls on field installed burners.

5.15.1.2 Safety controls provided for each burner shall result in safe and reliable operation of the burner; such operation is indicated by the capability of the combination to meet the applicable test requirements specified in Clause 6.

5.15.1.3 Safety controls shall be designed or arranged so that the burner cannot be restarted by any control until the automatic control that shuts down the burner has functioned to restart the burner.

5.15.1.4 Safety controls shall be designed or arranged so that the appropriate starting sequence is followed.

5.15.1.5 For automatically or remotely lighted burners, the means of ignition shall be energized before, or simultaneously with, the delivery of fuel to the combustion chamber.

5.15.1.6 Safety controls incorporating electrical features shall be designed and constructed so that they shut down the burner if the power supply is insufficient for safe operation of the burner or appropriate operation of the control. See Clauses 6.4 and 6.10.

5.15.2 Primary safety controls 5.15.2.1 All burners shall be provided with a suitable primary safety control.

5.15.2.2 The primary safety control shall be either (a) a suitable combustion safety control; or (b) an anti-flooding device.

5.15.2.3 An anti-flooding device that collects or retains within a metal pot or receptacle all the oil that is delivered by the burner, upon ignition or flame failure, may be supplied for a burner, provided that the (a) metal pot or receptacle is supplied as a part of the burner assembly; and (b) firing rate of the burner does not exceed 8 L/h (2 US gph).

5.15.2.4 Anti-flooding devices, when used, shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in CSA B140.1.

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5.15.2.5 Combustion safety controls, when used, shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in Clause 5.15.3.

5.15.2.6 Burners having a capacity greater than 11.4 L/h (3 US gph) shall be provided with a control to ensure a post-purge of at least 15 s after a flame failure occurs.

5.15.3 Combustion safety controls 5.15.3.1 Combustion safety controls to be provided with a specific oil burner shall be suitable for the application of the burner and shall have nominal safety timing as specified in Clause 6.10.

5.15.3.2 Combustion safety controls, when factory-mounted on the burner, shall be adequately secured in position.

5.15.3.3 Combustion safety controls and their components, when intended for field mounting, shall be provided with suitable means of support (e.g., brackets or flanges) and instructions for their application to the equipment.

5.15.3.4 Components of combustion safety controls intended for mounting within the burner housing or air tube shall be factory-installed. Such components shall not interfere with the safety of the burner design or operation. The wiring to such components shall have insulation suitable for the application and shall be adequately spaced away from other wiring (e.g., high potential wiring) or conductors within the burner housing or air tube. Unless otherwise permitted, the wiring to such parts shall also be spaced away from grounded metal parts.

5.15.3.5 A combustion safety control designed to recycle in the event of flame failure or power failure shall recycle in the appropriate sequence to establish combustion. In the event of failure to establish combustion, further operation of the burner shall be prevented until the control is manually restarted.

5.15.3.6 Combustion safety controls shall ensure a period for scavenging the combustion chamber and flue before recycling, following shutdown of the burner due to ignition or flame failure.

5.15.3.7 Temperature-actuated combustion safety controls shall be designed and constructed to function based on changes in temperatures and not at fixed temperatures.

5.15.3.8 5.15.3.8.1 Scanners that are sensitive to the visible and/or infrared portions of the spectrum shall be applied so that the safety control timing specified in Table 2 shall be maintained, regardless of radiation from hot refractory.

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5.15.3.8.2 Scanners that are sensitive to the visible and/or ultra-violet portions of the spectrum shall be applied so that the safety control timing specified in Table 2 shall be maintained, regardless of radiation from the ignition spark.

5.15.3.9 Combustion safety controls shall be capable of meeting the applicable test requirements specified in Clause 6.10.

5.16 Air-flow-through-burner controls 5.16.1 The change in CO2 produced as a result of the installation of a device over or within the combustion air inlets of an existing burner, without readjustment of the combustion air control, shall not exceed 0.5% (e.g., from 9.5% to 10.0%) when a burner set-up representative of the worst condition is fired at the maximum fuel oil input rate recommended by the manufacturer of the device and in accordance with Clause 6.

5.16.2 Devices referenced in Clause 5.16.1 and of the position-sensitive type shall have a readily identifiable reference point for establishing the correct installed position and shall be marked clearly, legibly, and permanently.

6 Tests 6.1 General 6.1.1 The performance of the burner under normal conditions of ignition and operation shall be safe and reliable over the full range of recommended* firing rates and fuel oil grades. There shall not be excessive carbonization or smoke, oxidation, warpage, or other conditions that would lead to unsafe performance. *As recommended by the manufacturer in the installation instructions.

6.1.2 If defects become evident, tests additional to those specified in Clause 6 shall be conducted to determine if the defects would result in unsafe conditions during normal operation. Note: Additional tests can consist of extensive on-off cycles of operation for the equipment or components.

6.1.3 When tested under abnormal conditions that are likely to occur in service, the operation of the burner shall not be hazardous to life or property. Note: The following are examples of hazards to life or property: (a) creating or leaking flammable vapour; (b) flammable volatile liquid mixtures or oil spills; and (c) electrical or electronic component failure that can lead to fire.

6.1.4 The instrumentation and test methods shall be in accordance with the procedures specified in CSA B140.0.

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6.1.5 The electrical potential to be applied for testing shall be as given in Table 3.

6.2 Combustion 6.2.1 Test requirements 6.2.1.1 Combustion shall be stable and complete at all firing rates over the full operating range of the burner, under normal operating conditions.

6.2.1.2 The total quantity of smoke present in the flue gases shall not exceed a number one rating, as determined by the Shell-Bacharach smoke spot method for Grade No. 1 and Grade No. 2 fuel oil. Fuel-oil-burning equipment using fuel oil other than Grade No. 1 or Grade No. 2 may have a number four rating.

6.2.2 Test procedures 6.2.2.1 The burner shall be installed in a test furnace or boiler suitable for the firing rate of the burner. Note: A burner intended for a specific application should be tested in the specific appliance for which it is intended.

6.2.2.2 The burner and all other equipment shall be in condition for testing, either as supplied by the burner manufacturer or as specified in the installation instructions. Equipment that is regularly supplied by the manufacturer (e.g., pre-heaters, combustion chambers, valves, and controls) shall be positioned in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

6.2.2.3 The heating surfaces, furnace or boiler, flues, and chimney shall be clean and free from soot and dust at the beginning of the test.

6.2.2.4 The burner shall be installed and arranged for operation in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements and recommendations, as specified in the installation instructions. The firebox shall be as supplied by the manufacturer. If a firebox is not supplied, the construction and dimensions recommended in the installation instructions shall be used. Flame baffles regularly supplied by the manufacturer shall be installed in their recommended positions. When the manufacturer specifies the provision for secondary air supply openings in the installation instructions, the openings shall be provided for in the test furnace or boiler. The arrangement and size of the openings shall be as specified in the instructions.

6.2.2.5 The burner shall be adjusted to the firing rates specified by the manufacturer in the installation instructions, ±2%, using the heaviest grade* of fuel oil recommended by the manufacturer. *As classified in CSA B140.0. Note: When testing over a range of firing rates, the lowest and highest firing rates for a given burner assembly are normally considered sufficient for these tests. When testing for various frequencies (e.g., 25 cycles and 60 cycles), the lowest firing rate is checked in conjunction with the highest frequency and the highest firing rate in conjunction with the lowest frequency. Changes in the components or construction of a given burner assembly, or the use of several grades of fuel oil, can require further tests at other firing rates within the range of recommended firing rates.

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6.2.2.6 The burner air adjustment shall be regulated to establish the air-fuel ratio recommended by the manufacturer in the installation instructions. Note: For these tests, the per cent of carbon dioxide in the flue gases may be specified and used in establishing the recommended air-fuel ratio.

6.2.2.7 The over-fire pressure shall be the maximum pressure recommended by the manufacturer in the installation instructions, but shall not be less than the applicable minimum value specified in Table 4, except as provided for in Clause 6.2.2.8.

6.2.2.8 The over-fire pressure used for testing shall be as specified by the manufacturer in the installation instructions when the (a) firing rate exceeds 95 L/h (25 US gph); (b) burner is intended for use with fuel oils of Grades No. 5 and 6 only; or (c) burner is intended for application to a specific appliance equipped with a forced or induced draft fan or both.

6.2.2.9 The over-fire pressure shall be determined in accordance with the procedure specified in CSA B140.0.

6.2.2.10 For determining compliance with the smoke density requirements specified in Clause 6.2.1.2, the test shall be conducted after operating conditions for equipment have been stabilized. The combustion characteristics shall remain stable throughout the test, indicated by consistent values being obtained for three sets of readings taken at regular 10 min intervals.

6.2.2.11 The smoke density shall be determined in accordance with the procedure specified in CSA B140.0.

6.2.2.12 For determining compliance with the combustion requirements specified in Clause 6.2.1.1, the burner may be operated for an extended period of time. Note: During the test, the burner may be subjected to on-off cycles of operation.

6.3 Ignition 6.3.1 Test requirements 6.3.1.1 The ignition of the burner shall be safe, smooth, and reliable under the following conditions, as applicable: (a) with the burner air-regulating damper or shutter fixed in the normal operating position for satisfactory operation at all firing rates over the full operating range of the burner; (b) when using the recommended fuel oil grades; (c) with the equipment operating at over-fire pressure from one-half to twice the recommended over-fire pressure; (d) with the nozzle at each extreme location when the location of the nozzle is adjustable; (e) when a test voltage equal to 75% of rated voltage for the nominal rating of the ignition transformer is applied to the primary side of the ignition transformer; (f) when flash-over occurs other than at the spark-gap;

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(g) when a manually lighted burner is ignited as specified by the manufacturer and using specific means provided for by the manufacturer; (h) when the flame of a gas or oil pilot is reduced until it is sufficient only to actuate the safety controls; and (i) when one or more nozzles of a burner employing a multiple nozzle assembly are subjected to simulated blocked flow conditions with at least one nozzle discharging fuel.

6.3.1.2 The requirements specified in Clause 6.3.1.1 shall also be applicable to burners employing two or more nozzles.

6.3.1.3 The ignition of an automatically or remotely lighted pilot burner shall meet the applicable test requirements specified in Clause 6.3.1.1 in addition to providing safe and reliable ignition for the main burner as specified in Clauses 5.6 and 5.7.

6.3.1.4 Proving of a pilot flame by a safety control shall be when the pilot flame ignites the fuel at the main burner or burner group.

6.3.2 Test procedures 6.3.2.1 The procedures for ignition shall be in accordance with the design and arrangement of the burner assembly, or as specified by the manufacturer in the operating instructions.

6.3.2.2 Prior to conducting the ignition tests, adjustable components of ignition assemblies (e.g., electrode tip spark gaps) shall be adjusted and set to the values recommended by the manufacturer in the installation instructions.

6.3.2.3 The burner shall be installed and operated as specified in Clause 6.2, except that the ignition tests specified in Clause 6.3 may be conducted in conjunction with the combustion test specified in Clause 6.2.

6.4 Abnormal voltage 6.4.1 Test requirements 6.4.1.1 If ignition occurs at any line voltage from 75 to 85% of rated voltage, it shall not be hazardous (see Note to Clause 6.1.3) and the burner shall either continue to operate safely or shall shut off.

6.4.1.2 At any line voltage from 85 to 110% of rated voltage, ignition shall be safe and reliable and the burner shall continue to operate safely.

6.4.1.3 Burners intended for use with specific safety controls* that have characteristics affecting the operation of the burner at voltages either greater than 110% or less than 75% of rated voltage are subject to further investigation. *These are devices designed for controlling the burner under abnormal voltage conditions.

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6.4.2 Test procedures 6.4.2.1 The burner shall be installed and operated as specified in Clause 6.2.2, except that the (a) fuel oil and the oil-handling components of the burner shall be at a temperature of 2.2 2 °C (36  4°F); (b) test furnace or boiler shall be at normal room temperature; and (c) supply voltage impressed on the entire burner assembly shall be at 75% of the rated line voltage.

6.4.2.2 When the conditions of Clause 6.4.2.1 have been established, the supply voltage shall be gradually increased until the relay pulls in. The burner assembly shall provide ignition without creating a hazard (see Note to Clause 6.1.3) on five successive attempts of ignition. After each attempt, the conditions of Clause 6.4.2.1 shall be re-established.

6.4.2.3 The test specified in Clause 6.4.2.2 shall be repeated with the supply voltage adjusted to 110% of the rated line voltage and under the conditions specified in Clause 6.4.2.1(a) and (b).

6.4.2.4 Immediately following the tests specified in Clause 6.4.2.2 and 6.4.2.3, the burner assembly shall continue to operate safely when the supply voltage is gradually reduced to the pull-in voltage established in Clause 6.4.2.2 and then gradually increased to 110% of rated line voltage.

6.4.2.5 The test shall be performed on the complete burner assembly, except that the safety controls shall be bypassed to permit continuous operation of the burner.

6.4.2.6 The heaviest fuel oil grade recommended by the manufacturer shall be used. The maximum fuel oil viscosity shall be used for testing. Note: For this test, the maximum viscosity of number 2 fuel oil should be 38 SSU at 38 °C (100°F).

6.4.2.7 The fuel oil shall be maintained at the specified temperature range throughout the test.

6.5 Abnormal operation 6.5.1 The burner shall be arranged either to stop the delivery of fuel for combustion or to continue to operate safely during the following abnormal operating conditions, as applicable: (a) upon interruption of the atomizing media for burners employing air, steam, or other media for atomizing the fuel; (b) upon interruption in the operation of a mechanical device used for atomizing the fuel or for introducing the fuel into the combustion zone; (c) upon oil supply pressure to the nozzle ranging from 70 to 125% of rated firing pressures; (d) upon interruption of the combustion air supply when all or part of the combustion air is supplied by mechanical means; and (e) upon interruption of the power supply when the burner is equipped with electrical features.

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6.5.2 When a burner continues to operate during any of the abnormal conditions specified in Clause 6.5.1, it shall also continue to operate safely upon the restoration of normal conditions. Note: The evidence of failure can be visible or can be assessed on the basis of a drop in pressure.

6.6 After-drip 6.6.1 The total amount of free fuel discharged from a nozzle following shutdown of a burner shall not be excessive. Note: After-drip is a function of the fuel pressure, the fuel pipe diameter, and the type and capacity of the fuel nozzle. For example, a high-pressure atomizing burner operating at 690 kPa (100 lbs/in2), with a firing rate of less than 19 L/h (5 US gph), and with a fuel pipe having an internal diameter greater than that equivalent to a 6.4 mm (1/4 in) standard size would produce excessive after-drip.

6.6.2 The maximum permissible amount of free fuel discharged from a nozzle is subject to further investigation.

6.7 Temperatures The normal operating temperatures of the materials and components of the equipment shall not exceed the applicable maximum temperature limits specified for continuous operation in CSA B140.0.

6.8 High-pressure atomizing nozzles High-pressure atomizing nozzles shall be suitable for the application.

6.9 Fuel units and fuel pumps 6.9.1 Fuel volume and pressure Fuel units and fuel pumps shall be capable of providing the required fuel volume and pressure, under the anticipated conditions of use.

6.9.2 Integrated fuel units and fuel pumps Fuel units and fuel pumps designed for use with a specific oil burner assembly, and which form an integral (non-interchangeable) part of such an assembly, are subject to further investigation to determine their suitability for the intended application.

6.9.3 Integrated filters and filter housings Filters and filter housings provided as a part of fuel units shall meet the applicable test requirements specified in CSA B140.0.

6.9.4 Fuel units and fuel pumps outside the scope of this Standard Fuel units and fuel pumps outside the scope of the test requirements specified in Clause 6 are subject to further investigation to determine their acceptability for the intended application.

6.9.5 Compliance Compliance with the test requirements specified in Clause 6.9 shall be demonstrated by at least five out of six samples of fuel unit or fuel pump, of any size and make.

6.9.6 Fuel grade for testing The testing of fuel units and fuel pumps shall be conducted using the lowest viscosity of the lightest grade of fuel oil for which the pump is designed or intended.

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6.9.7 Alternate fuel grades for testing The testing of fuel units and fuel pumps intended to handle fuel oil of Grades No. 1 and 2 shall be conducted using fuel meeting the general specifications in CSA B140.0 and the requirements specified in Clauses 6.4.2.6 and 6.9.10.2.

6.9.8 Distortion A pump shall not leak and there shall be no evidence of distortion or other damage resulting from the turning effort (see Table 5) exerted on openings threaded for piping or pipe plugs when the pump is tested in accordance with Clauses 6.9.12 and 6.9.13. The male threads shall be lubricated lightly with SAE10 machine oil before insertion.

6.9.9 Operation of pressure-regulating and nozzle cut-off valve assemblies 6.9.9.1 The pressure in the discharge line, at the point of fuel cut-off of a fuel pump or unit rated at 690 kPa (100 psig) or higher, shall be not less than 80% of the regulated pressure when the fuel unit is operated at a capacity up to its maximum rating and when it is equipped with cut-off or bypass components of maximum and minimum capacity.

6.9.9.2 A fuel unit or pump rated at 690 kPa (100 psig) or higher, having an adjustable outlet pressure, shall be equipped to prevent pressure adjustment below 515 kPa (75 psig).

6.9.9.3 Testing for compliance with Clauses 6.9.9.1 and 6.9.9.2 shall be conducted before and after the endurance tests specified in Clause 6.9.11 and the results shall be recorded over the entire operating range.

6.9.10 Vacuum and capacity 6.9.10.1 Fuel units and fuel pumps designed for interchangeability, excluding fuel units and fuel pumps designed for application to a specific oil burner (see Clause 6.9.2), shall comply with one of the following requirements: (a) Those intended for lifting fuel oil shall maintain a vacuum of not less than 6.25 kPa (25 in mercury column) when operated with unrestricted discharge and a vacuum of not less than 2.5 kPa (10 in mercury column) at normal discharge and volume. (b) Those not intended for lifting fuel oil shall maintain a vacuum of not less than 3.13 kPa (12.5 in mercury column) when operated with unrestricted discharge and a vacuum of not less than 1.25 kPa (5 in mercury column) at normal discharge and volume. The capacity of the fuel unit or pump to supply fuel oil to the burner under conditions of normal discharge and volume shall be recorded.

6.9.10.2 The capacity of the pump to deliver oil for rating purposes shall be measured with the pump operating continuously and with the vacuums adjusted by increasing the resistance in the suction line by means of a flooded valve or the equivalent. The capacity is the rate that can be delivered at the nozzle while the pump is maintaining normal operating pressure and is equipped with cut-off or bypass components of maximum and minimum capacity. This test shall be conducted before and after the endurance test specified in Clause 6.9.11. For rating purposes under similar conditions, the before and after capacity shall be within 5%.

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6.9.10.3 The vacuum requirements specified in Clause 6.9.10 shall be maintained for 30 min for two-stage units and 15 s for single-stage units. The gauge reading shall not drop by more than 3.38 kPa (1 in mercury column) during the test period. A vacuum gauge attached to the outlet fitting of the unit shall show no vacuum during the test period.

6.9.10.4 Fuel units shall maintain the pressure setting during the endurance test specified in Clause 6.9.11. The outlet pressure shall not change by more than 10% during the course of the test.

6.9.11 Endurance 6.9.11.1 The fuel pump or unit and its auxiliary parts shall not seize or show evidence of external leakage during operation when tested in accordance with Clause 6.9.11.2.

6.9.11.2 The test shall consist of continuous operation for 360 h, followed by an additional 10 000 on-off cycles, all at maximum rated pressure. The on-off cycling shall consist of approximately 1/2 min on and 1/2 min off.

6.9.11.3 A fuel pump or unit equipped with pressure-regulating and nozzle cut-off valves shall be tested using the largest capacity nozzle recommended for use with the pump or unit.

6.9.11.4 Following the test specified in Clause 6.9.11.2, or using separate samples concurrently, all moving parts (e.g., pressure-regulating and nozzle cut-off valves) shall be operated 100 000 times without breakdown or failure. Parts used in this test, if previously used in the test specified in Clause 6.9.11.2, may be credited with the cycles of operation that have accumulated during the test specified in Clause 6.9.11.2.

6.9.12 Hydrostatic pressure leakage Components of fuel pumps or units subjected to fuel oil at inlet pressure shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 69 kPa (10 psig) for 6 h before and after the endurance test specified in Clause 6.9.11 without exhibiting evidence of rupture, leakage, seepage, or other failure. Failure may be assessed on the basis of a drop in pressure.

6.9.13 Static-pressure leakage 6.9.13.1 Components of fuel pumps or units subjected to fuel oil at inlet pressure shall not show evidence of leakage, externally or through cut-off valves, when subjected to a static pressure head of 3 m (10 ft) of oil connected to the suction or supply and return-line connections.

6.9.13.2 This test shall be conducted with the same samples used in the endurance test specified in Clause 6.9.11 and under the same conditions. The pump or unit shall be operated continuously for 48 h, observed for leakage, then subjected to the static head conditions for 48 h while not running, and observed for external leakage or leakage at the cut-off valves.

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6.9.13.3 When a diaphragm or bellows that provides the liquid seal to the atmosphere is ruptured, it shall be provided with a means of limiting the external discharge of oil to a rate not greater than 3.78 L/h (1 US gph).

6.9.13.4 Following the tests specified in Clause 6.9.13 a diaphragm or bellows shall be ruptured and the tests specified in Clause 6.9.13 shall be repeated for a duration sufficient only to determine the rate of leakage.

6.9.14 Mercurous nitrate immersion All parts of a pump that are made of copper alloy containing more than 15% zinc shall withstand total immersion in an aqueous mercurous nitrate solution prepared and tested in accordance with ASTM B154. The physical stresses normally imposed on or within a part as the result of assembly with other components of the pump, or with tubing or piping, shall be applied to the sample used for this test.

6.10 Combustion safety controls 6.10.1 The combustion safety control shall function to actuate or de-energize the shut-off device within applicable time periods specified in Table 2 at an ambient temperature of 25  5.5 °C (77  10°F) and at the rated line voltage given in Table 3.

6.10.2 A plus-factory tolerance on the nominal timings specified in Table 2 shall be as follows: (a) 10% of the nominal timing for nominal timings of 15 s or more; and (b) 1 s for nominal timings of less than 15 s.

6.10.3 Combustion safety controls shall not automatically establish ignition of the main burner flame at voltages less than 84 V (on controls rated 120 V) unless the controls will operate, at the pull-in voltage, to shut off the fuel supply to the main burner on failure to establish ignition of the main flame or on failure of the main flame within the time periods specified in Table 2.

6.10.4 Combustion safety controls shall function safely and positively under the following conditions: (a) at ambient temperatures from 0 to 52 °C (32 to 125°F)*; (b) at supply voltages from 104 to 132 V (on controls rated at 120 V) when attempting to establish ignition of the main burner flame; and (c) at supply voltages from 84 to 132 V (on controls rated at 120 V) after ignition or operation has been established for the main burner. *Unless another maximum ambient temperature is specified for a particular control.

6.10.5 With the combustion safety control operating as specified in Clauses 6.10.3 and 6.10.4, the control elements shall either remain in positive contact or shall positively return to open circuit conditions.

6.10.6 When a combustion safety control is designed so that it will positively prevent the operation of the burner at a higher minimum voltage than specified in Clause 6.10.4, the control shall operate to conform with Clause 6.10.4 at voltages from the higher minimum operating voltage of the control to 132 V (on a control rated at 120 V).

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6.10.7 The flame failure response time shall not exceed 4 min, except as specified in Clause 6.10.8, in a burner having a firing rate of 11.45 L/h (3 US gph) or less, with the control operating at 84 V (on a control rated at 120 V).

6.10.8 Burners of special design having a firing rate of 3.78 L/h (1 US gph) or less, that do not comply with the timings specified in Clause 6.10, are subject to further investigation, and shall have timings not exceeding 90 s for the test specified in Clause 6.10.1 and 7 min for the test specified in Clause 6.10.7.

6.10.9 The input for determining the flame failure response time shall be the maximum input to the main burner.

6.10.10 When a proved igniter or pilot is used, the trial-for-ignition period of the pilot shall be not more than 15 s. At the end of the trial-for-ignition period of the main flame, supervision of only the main flame shall begin.

6.10.11 The maximum input for the trial-for-ignition period shall be (a) for a burner equipped to start on low fire only, the maximum input to the burner that can be initially ignited, provided that input cannot be increased until ignition at this input is established and proved; or (b) for a burner not equipped to start on low fire, the maximum input to the burner.

6.10.12 When the maximum input for the trial-for-ignition period of the main flame is over 76 L/h (20 US gph), a proved igniter or pilot shall be provided.

6.10.13 Burners having a starting input exceeding 76 L/h (20 US gph) shall be equipped to lockout on ignition failure or flame failure, without recycling.

7 Markings Note: Annex A provides equivalent French translations of markings specified in this Standard.

7.1 General Markings shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in CSA B140.0.

7.2 Details required The equipment shall be plainly marked in a permanent manner with the following details: (a) the manufacturer’s name, tradename, or other recognized symbol of identification; (b) the model or type designation; (c) the approved range of firing rates in applicable units (i.e., L/h, US gph, kW, lb/h, or kg/h), except when the burner is incorporated in a packaged unit; (d) for units using pressure nozzles, the maximum input marking should agree with the rated capacity of the nozzle. When the maximum input does not agree with the rated capacity of the nozzle, both the rated nozzle size and the required pump pressure to obtain the maximum input in applicable units (i.e., L/h, US gph, kW, lb/h, or kg/h) shall be marked, in addition to the maximum input; (e) the electrical rating, when applicable, as specified in CSA C22.2 No. 3; and (f) the heaviest grade of fuel oil recommended.

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Atomizing-type oil burners

7.3 Fuel pumps 7.3.1 Each fuel pump or unit shall be clearly and permanently marked with at least the following details: (a) the manufacturer’s name, trade name, or other recognized symbol of identification; (b) the model number; (c) the direction of rotation; (d) the rated rpm; (e) a statement that the fuel pump or unit is not equipped with a fuel cut-off valve, if applicable; (f) the maximum rated capacity of the pump; (g) the rated operating pressure; (h) the maximum vacuum*; (i) the fuel oil grade for which the fuel pump or unit is intended; (j) how to convert from a single- to a two-line system, if convertible*; and (k) identification of inlet, outlet, and other ports*. *Not required if included in the instruction sheet shipped with the fuel pump or unit. Note: The marking for Items (d), (f), and (g) may be condensed to “Litres per hour/rated pressure/rpm” (US gallons per hour/rated pressure/rpm) and placed on the nameplate or pump body.

7.3.2 The marking “NOT INTENDED FOR LIFTING FUEL OIL” shall be applied to all oil pumps, as applicable.

8 Instructions Note: Annex A provides equivalent French translations of markings specified in this Standard.

8.1 General 8.1.1 Instructions shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in CSA B140.0.

8.1.2 The manufacturer shall provide an installation and service manual and operating instructions. All documents shall bear a date of publication.

8.2 Installation and service manual The installation and service manual shall include the following information, where applicable: (a) wording equivalent to the following: (i) THE INSTALLATION OF A BURNER SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF AUTHORITIES HAVING JURISDICTION; and (ii) THESE INSTRUCTIONS SHALL REMAIN WITH THE EQUIPMENT FOR SERVICING; Note: For recommended installation practice, see CSA B139.

(b) the manufacturer’s name, tradename, or other recognized symbol of identification; (c) the model or type designations of the equipment covered by the manual; (d) information for the complete installation of the burner, including (i) information for the appropriate installation of the required safety controls (e.g., a wiring diagram), components, and auxiliary equipment such as fuel pumps and pre-heaters not factory-assembled on the burner; (ii) applicable wiring diagrams for all the equipment; and (iii) a complete list of all subassemblies or components packed separately; (e) for a burner shipped disassembled, an assembly and installation diagram or sketch to facilitate assembly;

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(f) information for preparing the equipment (e.g., furnace or boiler) for the burner; (g) the range of firing rates for each model or type of burner, in applicable units (i.e., US gph, L/h, kW, lb/h, or kg/h); (h) the grades of fuel oil for each model or type of burner; (i) the recommended dimensions of the combustion chamber in which the burner is to be installed, for each firing rate and spray angle, where applicable; (j) the dimensional relationship of the electrode tips with one another and with adjacent fixed and adjustable components, for each recommended capacity and spray angle; (k) the insulator creepage distance, when adjustable; Note: The dimensions specified in Items (i), (j), and (k) should be given on suitable drawings.

(l) the recommended spray angle and the type of spray (or spray pattern); (m) instructions for locating, levelling, and fastening the burner; (n) information about the installation, wiring, adjustment, and operation of electrical controls (e.g., combustion safety controls and limit controls); Note: Such information should be given on drawings, where applicable.

(o) a complete wiring diagram of the equipment and instructions for the necessary wiring between the branch circuit and the equipment. The wiring diagram shall specify that all wiring be in accordance with the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I; (p) information about the installation of the supply tank and the fuel line to be connected to the burner; (q) information for setting the draft, including (i) a caution equivalent to the following: OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT SHALL BE CONNECTED TO FLUES HAVING SUITABLE PRESSURE (DRAFT) AT ALL TIMES TO ASSURE SAFE AND PROPER OPERATION OF THE BURNER; (ii) the recommended overfire or appliance outlet pressure (draft) in pascals, (in wc); and (iii) instructions for the installation and adjustment of the draft regulator, when supplied; Note: See definition for pressure in CSA B139.

(r) (s)

the procedure to be followed in adjusting the supply of air and fuel for appropriate combustion (e.g., smoke density and CO2 or O2 readings); information about the supply of air into the furnace or boiler room, for satisfactory combustion and ventilation, in accordance with CSA B139; and Note: For recommended practice, see CSA B139.

(t)

information about the testing, maintenance, and service of the equipment.

8.3 Operating instructions The operating instructions shall include the following information, where applicable: (a) wording in the front equivalent to the following: READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS AND SAVE FOR REFERENCE; (b) the manufacturer’s name, tradename, or other recognized symbol of identification; (c) the model or type designation of the equipment covered by the instructions; (d) the grades of fuel oil, followed by the caution, in block letters: DO NOT USE GASOLINE, CRANKCASE OIL, OR ANY OIL CONTAINING GASOLINE; (e) the general manner of starting the burner and of restarting after ignition or flame failure when this operation may be performed without the help of a service person. This section shall include a caution equivalent to the following: DO NOT ATTEMPT TO START THE BURNER WHEN EXCESS OIL HAS ACCUMULATED, WHEN THE FURNACE OR BOILER IS FULL OF VAPOUR, OR WHEN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER IS VERY HOT; (f) information about the adjustment of the air and oil for appropriate flame, when this activity is left to the discretion of the owner or operator; (g) instructions for shutting down the burner and a caution equivalent to the following, where applicable: ALWAYS KEEP THE FUEL OIL SUPPLY VALVE SHUT OFF IF THE BURNER IS SHUT DOWN FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME; (h) instructions for general maintenance and care when the burner is in operation;

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(i) (j)

Atomizing-type oil burners

the procedure to be followed after operation for cleaning the fuel oil filter, or strainer, when this procedure may be left to the discretion of the owner or operator; a caution, in block letters, equivalent to the following: ON OPENING THE OIL SUPPLY VALVE(S) CHECK FOR LEAKS ON THE SUPPLY LINE(S) AND COMPONENTS. DO NOT TAMPER WITH THE UNIT OR CONTROLS — CALL YOUR SERVICE PERSON. REGULAR MAINTENANCE SHALL BE PROVIDED TO THE UNIT BY SERVICE PERSONNEL AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR; and Note: For equipment that will be serviced by the manufacturer or its trained representative, the word “service person” in the above caution is replaced by the appropriate name.

(k) an indicated space for the name, address, and telephone number of the service person if this information is not included in the instructions.

Table 1 Torque requirements for screws and bolts (See Clause 5.12.3.)

July 2010

Screw size

Torque, kgf•m (lbs-in)

No. 8

0.23 (20)

No. 10

0.29 (25)

1/4 in

1.15 (100)

5/16 in

2.30 (200)

3/8 in

4.03 (350)

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Table 2 Combustion safety control timing (See Clauses 5.15.3.8 and 6.10.1 to 6.10.3.) Nominal maximum response timings, s

Fuel oil type

Trial-forignition period (main flame)

Flame failure response time

Intermittent or interrupted unproved electric ignition or unproved pilot

1 or 2

30

30

Intermittent or interrupted unproved electric ignition or unproved pilot

1 or 2

15

15

Intermittent unproved electric ignition or unproved pilot, or if ignition re-energized within 0.8 s after flame failure

1 or 2

15

15

Proved electric ignition or proved pilot

1 or 2

Only interrupted acceptable

Maximum firing rate of main burner, L/h (US gph)

Type of ignition

 11 ( 3.0) > 11 and  26.5 (> 3 and  7)

> 26.5 and  76 (> 7 and  20)

> 76 (> 20)

5*

3

4, 5, or 6

30*

3

Unproved electric ignition or unproved pilot; only interrupted acceptable

1 or 2

15

3

Proved electric ignition or proved pilot

1 or 2

15*

3

Only interrupted acceptable

4, 5, or 6

15

3

Proved electric ignition or proved pilot

1 or 2

15*

3

Only interrupted acceptable

4, 5, or 6

15

3

*See Clause 6.10.10.

Table 3 Test line voltage (See Clauses 6.1.5 and 6.10.1.) Percent of rated voltage Nominal

Rated

70

110–120

120

84

220–240

240

440–480 550–600

75

85

110

90

102

132

168

180

204

264

480

336

360

408

528

600

420

450

510

660

Note: For other nominal line voltages, the rated voltage shall be the same as the nominal voltage.

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Atomizing-type oil burners

Table 4 Minimum over-fire pressure (See Clause 6.2.2.7.) Firing rate of burner, L/h (gph)

19 ( 5)

Minimum over-fire pressure, Pa (in wc) –7.5 (–0.03)

19  38 (>5 10)

–12.5 (–0.05)

38  95 (> 10 25)

–20 (–0.08)

> 95 (> 25)

See Clause 6.2.2.8

Table 5 Torque requirements for pipe connections (See Clause 6.9.8.) Nominal pipe size

July 2010

Torque, Kgf•m (lb-in)

1/8

1.73 (150)

1/4

2.88 (250)

3/8

5.18 (450)

1/2

9.22 (800)

3/4

11.52 (1000)

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Annex A (informative) Markings translations Notes: (1) This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard. (2) This Annex provides equivalent French translations of markings specified in this Standard.

7.3.1 Note “Litres per hour/rated pressure/rpm” (US gallons per hour/rated pressure/rpm) 7.3.2 NOT INTENDED FOR LIFTING FUEL OIL 8.2(a)(i) THE INSTALLATION OF A BURNER SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF AUTHORITIES HAVING JURISDICTION 8.2(a)(ii) THESE INSTRUCTIONS SHALL REMAIN WITH THE EQUIPMENT FOR SERVICING 8.2(q)(i) OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT SHALL BE CONNECTED TO FLUES HAVING SUITABLE PRESSURE (DRAFT) AT ALL TIMES TO ASSURE SAFE AND PROPER OPERATION OF THE BURNER 8.3(a) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS AND SAVE FOR REFERENCE 8.3(d) DO NOT USE GASOLINE, CRANKCASE OIL, OR ANY OIL CONTAINING GASOLINE 8.3(e) DO NOT ATTEMPT TO START THE BURNER WHEN EXCESS OIL HAS ACCUMULATED, WHEN THE FURNACE OR BOILER IS FULL OF VAPOUR, OR WHEN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER IS VERY HOT

8.3(g) ALWAYS KEEP THE FUEL OIL SUPPLY VALVE SHUT OFF IF THE BURNER IS SHUT DOWN FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME

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«Litres par heure/pression nominale/tours par minute» (gal US par heure pression nominale/tours par minute) NE CONVIENT PAS POUR FAIRE MONTER LE MAZOUT L’INSTALLATION DU BRÛLEUR DOIT ÊTRE CONFORME AUX EXIGENCES DE L’AUTORITÉ COMPÉTENTE CES INSTRUCTIONS DOIVENT RESTER À PROXIMITÉ DU BRÛLEUR AUX FINS DE L’ENTRETIEN DE CELUI-CI. LES APPAREILS DE COMBUSTION AU MAZOUT DOIVENT ÊTRE RACCORDÉS À DES CARNEAUX AYANT EN TOUT TEMPS UN TIRAGE SUFFISANT POUR ASSURER UN FONCTIONNEMENT CORRECT ET SÛR DU BRÛLEUR LIRE ET CONSERVER CES INSTRUCTIONS POUR FINS DE RÉFÉRENCE NE PAS UTILISER D’ESSENCE, D’HUILE RÉSIDUELLE DE CARTER NI DE MAZOUT CONTENANT DE L’ESSENCE NE PAS ESSAYER DE DÉMARRER LE BRÛLEUR LORSQU’IL Y A ACCUMULATION DE MAZOUT LORSQUE LE GÉNÉRATEUR D’AIR CHAUD OU LA CHAUDIÈRE EST REMPLI DE VAPEURS OU LORSQUE LA CHAMBRE DE COMBUSTION EST TRÈS CHAUDE TOUJOURS FERMER LE ROBINET DE COMBUSTIBLE SI LE BRÛLEUR EST ARRÊTÉ POUR UNE PÉRIODE DE TEMPS CONSIDÉRABLE

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© Canadian Standards Association

8.3(j) ON OPENING THE OIL SUPPLY VALVE(S) CHECK FOR LEAKS ON THE SUPPLY LINE(S) AND COMPONENTS. DO NOT TAMPER WITH THE UNIT OR CONTROLS — CALL YOUR SERVICE PERSON. REGULAR MAINTENANCE SHALL BE PROVIDED TO THE UNIT BY SERVICE PERSONNEL AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR

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Atomizing-type oil burners

LORS DE L’OUVERTURE DE CHAQUE ROBINET D’ALIMENTATION EN MAZOUT, VÉRIFIER S’IL Y A DES FUITES DANS LE TUYAU D’ALIMENTATION ET LES COMPOSANTS CONNEXES. IL EST INTERDIT DE TOUCHER AU BRÛLEUR OU AUX COMMANDES — APPELER LE PERSONNEL D’ENTRETIEN. LE PERSONNEL D’ENTRETIEN DOIT PROCÉDER À L’ENTRETIEN PÉRIODIQUE DU BRÛLEUR AU MOINS UNE FOIS PAR ANNÉE.

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