CSA B140.7-05 - Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers (reaffirmed 2014) 1553976304

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B140.7-05 (reaffirmed 2014)

Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers

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Standards Update Service B140.7-05 March 2005 Title: Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers Pagination: 38 pages (ix preliminary and 29 text), each dated March 2005 To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publication •

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CSA Standard

B140.7-05 Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers

Published in March 2005 by Canadian Standards Association A not-for-profit private sector organization 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6 1-800-463-6727 • 416-747-4044

Visit our Online Store at www.ShopCSA.ca

ISBN 1-55397-630-4 Technical Editor: Senka Krsikapa © Canadian Standards Association — 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.

© Canadian Standards Association

Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers

Contents Technical Committee on Oil-Burning Appliance Standards v Subcommittee on Steam and Hot-Water Boilers vii Preface viii Foreword ix 1 Scope 1 2 Reference publications and definitions 2 2.1 Reference publications 2 2.2 Definitions 3 3 General requirements 4 3.1 Oil-burning equipment 4 3.2 Oil burners 4 3.3 Electrical equipment 4 3.4 Controls 4 3.5 Methods of assembly and shipment 4 3.6 Boilers for heating swimming pool water 5 4 Construction 5 4.1 General 5 4.2 Accessibility of parts 5 4.3 Location of fuel lines and fuel components 6 4.4 Casing or jackets (where supplied) 6 4.5 Lubrication 6 4.6 Flue-gas passages and vent (flue) collars 7 4.6.1 Boilers with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) 7 4.6.2 Boilers with an oil input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or more and high-pressure boilers 7 4.7 Draft regulators 7 4.8 Primary and secondary heating surfaces 7 4.9 Observation of the flame zone 7 4.10 Refractory materials 8 4.11 Metal combustion chambers 8 4.12 Simulated life test 8 4.13 Simulated endurance test 8 4.14 Flue baffles and flame baffles 8 4.15 Insulating materials 9 4.16 Controls and fittings 9 4.16.1 General 9 4.16.2 Primary safety controls 9 4.16.3 Safety limit and operating controls 9 4.16.4 Burners 10 4.16.5 Safety low-water cut-off 10 4.16.6 Control circuits of safety controls 11 4.16.7 Safety and relief valves 11 4.16.8 Miscellaneous fittings 11 4.16.9 Additional requirements for boilers with an oil input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or more 11 4.16.10 Low-fire start 12

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4.16.11 Pilot burners 12 4.16.12 Main burners 12 4.16.13 Explosion-relief doors 12 5 Marking 13 5.1 General 13 5.2 Installation clearances 13 5.3 Field-mounted burners 14 6 Instructions 14 6.1 General 14 6.2 Installation instructions 14 6.3 Operating instructions and homeowner or operator instructions 15 6.4 Service instructions 16 6.5 Additional homeowner instructions 16 7 Tests 16 7.1 General 16 7.2 Combustion 17 7.2.1 Test requirements 17 7.2.2 Test procedures 18 7.3 Gross output 18 7.3.1 Test requirements 18 7.3.2 Test procedures 19 7.3.3 Determination of gross output 19 7.4 Safety limit control performance 21 7.4.1 Test requirements 21 7.4.2 Test procedures 21 7.5 Safety low-water cut-off control performance 21 7.5.1 Test requirements 21 7.5.2 Test procedure 22 7.6 Maximum operation temperatures 22 7.6.1 Test requirements 22 7.6.2 Test requirements for boilers with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) 22 7.6.3 Test procedures 23 7.7 Other control tests 23 7.8 Voltage 23 7.9 Flooded-pot burn-off (vaporizing burners) 23 7.10 Light-off 24 7.11 Seepage 24 7.12 Power failure 24 7.13 Vaporizing burners 24 7.14 Atomizing and wall-flame burners 24 7.15 Proof test for steel boilers 24 7.16 Bursting test for cast iron boilers 25 Annexes A (informative) — Test enclosures 26 B (informative) — Marking translations 28 Tables 1 — Test voltages 25

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Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers

Technical Committee on Oil-Burning Appliance Standards M.F.C. Brooker

Bradford White Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario

Chair

J. Godfree

Jeremy Godfree Product Design, Pugwash, Nova Scotia

Vice-Chair

C. Baumgartner

Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

T. Begoske

Field Controls, Brighton, Michigan, USA

K. Blair

ECR International Inc., Utica, New York, USA

B. Blouin

Dettson Industries Inc., Sherbrooke, Québec

M. Bouchard

Riello Burners North America, Orford, Québec

R.L.D. Cane

Caneta Research, Mississauga, Ontario

Associate

M. Evans

Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada, Scarborough, Ontario

Associate

R. Greiss

Department of National Defence, Ottawa, Ontario

E. Grzesik

Ontario Ministry of Energy, Toronto, Ontario

A.C.S. Haydon

Advanced Combustion Technologies, Ottawa, Ontario

A. Herzon

Nordyne Inc., O’Fallon, Missouri, USA

K. Johnson

Newmac Manufacturing Incorporated, Debert, Nova Scotia

E. Mason

Halifax, Nova Scotia Consumer Representative

I.W. Mault

Manitoba Department of Labour and Immigration, Winnipeg, Manitoba

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Associate

Associate

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R. McCullough

Office of the Fire Commissioner, Regina, Saskatchewan

P.G. McKay

Brampton, Ontario

W.G. Mitchell

Human Resources Development Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

R. Mossavi

Viessmann Manufacturing Company Inc., Waterloo, Ontario

P. Rizcallah

National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

D.C. Stewart

Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour, Halifax, Nova Scotia

R. Sumabat

Technical Standards and Safety Authority, Toronto, Ontario

J. Theriault

Commission Scolaire des Samares, Saint-Felix-de-Valois, Québec

H. West

Brampton, Ontario

S. Krsikapa

CSA, Mississauga, Ontario

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Associate

Project Manager

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© Canadian Standards Association

Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers

Subcommittee on Steam and Hot-Water Boilers M.F.C. Brooker

Bradford White Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario

K. Blair

ECR International Inc., Utica, New York, USA

B. Blouin

Dettson Industries Inc., Sherbrooke, Québec

J. Godfree

Jeremy Godfree Product Design, Pugwash, Nova Scotia

E. Grzesik

Ontario Ministry of Energy, Toronto, Ontario

K. Johnson

Newmac Manufacturing Incorporated, Debert, Nova Scotia

P.G. McKay

Brampton, Ontario

L. Smith

L & S Engineering, Guelph, Ontario

D. Thomas

Desa Heating, LLC, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA

W. Young

Pendell Boiler Limited, Toronto, Ontario

S. Krsikapa

CSA, Mississauga, Ontario

March 2005

Chair

Project Manager

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Preface This is the second edition of CSA B140.7, Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers. This edition combines and replaces CSA B140.7.1-1976, Oil-Fired Steam and Hot-Water Boilers for Residential Use, and CSA B140.7.2-1967, Oil-Fired Steam and Hot-Water Boilers for Commercial and Industrial Use. CSA B140.7.1 and B140.7.2, along with CSA B140.12, Service Water Heaters for Domestic Hot Water, Space Heating, and Swimming Pools, replaced the first edition of CSA B140.7, Oil-Fired Steam and Hot-Water Boilers and Service Water Heaters, published in 1962. CSA B140.7 is one of a series of oil-burning equipment standards providing minimum requirements for the safe operation and the acceptable performance, design, construction, manufacture, marking, and testing of oil-burning equipment. It should be read in conjunction with CSA B140.0, General Requirements for Oil-Burning Equipment. In addition to the changes resulting from combining CSA B140.7.1 and B140.7.2, there are minor changes throughout the new edition and some new requirements for marking and installation instructions. This Standard was prepared by the Subcommittee on Steam and Hot-Water Boilers, under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee on Oil-Burning Appliance Standards and the Strategic Steering Committee on Fire Safety and Fuel-Burning Equipment, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. It will be submitted to the Standards Council of Canada for approval as a National Standard of Canada. March 2005 Notes: (1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows. (2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. (3) This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication. (4) CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. (5) All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6. Requests for interpretation should (a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch; (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and (c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer. Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSA’s periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at www.csa.ca.

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Foreword The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) develops standards under the name Canadian Standards Association, and provides certification and testing under the name CSA International. CSA International provides certification services for manufacturers who, under license from CSA, wish to use the appropriate registered CSA Marks on certain products of their manufacture to indicate conformity with CSA Standards. CSA Certification for a number of products is provided in the interest of maintaining agreed-upon standards of quality, performance, interchangeability and/or safety, as appropriate. Where applicable, certification may form the basis for acceptance by inspection authorities responsible for enforcement of regulations. Where feasible, programs will be developed for additional products for which certification is desired by producers, consumers, or other interests. In performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, CSA does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of the Association represent its professional judgement given with due consideration to the necessary limitations of practical operation and state of the art at the time the Standard is processed. Products in substantial accord with this Standard but which exhibit a minor difference or a new feature may be deemed to meet the Standard providing the feature or difference is found acceptable utilizing appropriate CSA International Operating Procedures. Products that comply with this Standard shall not be certified if they are found to have additional features which are inconsistent with the intent of this Standard. Products shall not be certifiable if they are discovered to contravene applicable laws or regulations. Testing techniques, test procedures, and instrumentation frequently must be prescribed by CSA International in addition to the technical requirements contained in Standards of CSA. In addition to markings specified in the Standard, CSA International may require special cautions, markings, and instructions that are not specified by the Standard. Some tests required by CSA Standards may be inherently hazardous. The Association neither assumes nor accepts any responsibility for any injury or damage that may occur during or as the result of tests, wherever performed, whether performed in whole or in part by the manufacturer or the Association, and whether or not any equipment, facility, or personnel for or in connection with the test is furnished by the manufacturer or the Association. Manufacturers should note that, in the event of the failure of CSA International to resolve an issue arising from the interpretation of requirements, there is an appeal procedure: the complainant should submit the matter, in writing, to the Secretary of the Canadian Standards Association. If this Standard is to be used in obtaining CSA Certification please remember, when making application for certification, to request all current Amendments, Bulletins, Notices, and Technical Information Letters that may be applicable and for which there may be a nominal charge. For such information or for further information concerning CSA Certification, please address your inquiry to Applications and Customer Service, CSA International, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3.

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Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers

B140.7-05 Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers 1 Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to complete vent (flue)-connected, oil-fired steam, and/or hot-water boilers that are provided with automatic control devices.

1.2 This Standard applies to (a) boilers intended for residential use having an input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH), which is approximately equivalent to 117 kW (400 000 Btu/h); (b) low-pressure boilers intended for commercial and industrial use having an input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or more; and (c) high-pressure boilers regardless of intended use or input.

1.3 This Standard applies to boilers, factory- or field-assembled, that have been, or could have been, completely assembled at the manufacturer’s plant and transported in the assembled condition.

1.4 This Standard also applies to (a) oil-fired boilers that have gas-fired pilots and that have an input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH), which is approximately 117 kW (400 000 Btu/h), or more; and (b) boilers that may be gas fired as an alternative.

1.5 This Standard does not cover the devices required on the gas train of the boilers described in Clause 1.4.

1.6 A unit that differs from those specified by this Standard may be examined and tested according to the intent of this Standard.

1.7 A unit that otherwise complies with the requirements of this Standard will not be deemed as complying with this Standard if it has other, or a combination of, features that, when examined and tested, are found to impair its fulfillment of the requirements.

1.8 This Standard also applies to boilers intended for heating swimming pool water (see Clause 3.6).

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1.9 In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

1.10 The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

2 Reference publications and definitions 2.1 Reference publications This Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed below. CSA (Canadian Standards Association) B51-03 Boiler, pressure vessel, and pressure piping code B139-04 Installation code for oil-burning equipment B140.0-03 Oil-burning equipment: General requirements B140.1-1966 (R2001) Vaporizing-type oil burners CAN/CSA-B140.2.1-M90 (R2000) Oil burners; atomizing-type B140.12-03 Oil-burning equipment: Service water heaters for domestic hot water, space heating, and swimming pools C22.2 series of Standards Canadian Electrical Code, Part II, Safety standards for consumer and commercial products C22.2 No. 3-M1988 (R1999) Electrical features of fuel-burning equipment ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), 2004 ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials) A 1011/A 1011M-04 Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability

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Oil-burning equipment: Steam and hot-water boilers

SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) J1015-1995 Ton Kilometer Per Hour Test Procedure

2.2 Definitions The following definitions apply in this Standard: Note: See CSA B139 and CSA B140.0 for the definition of many of the terms used in this Standard.

Act — the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act of the applicable province or territory. Boiler — a heating appliance intended to supply hot water or steam for space heating, processing, or power purposes. High-pressure boiler — any boiler other than a low-pressure boiler. Low-pressure boiler — a boiler in which (a) gas or vapour is generated and that is intended to be operated or is operated at a gas or vapour pressure of not more than 103 kPa (15 psi); or (b) a liquid is heated but no gas or vapour is generated and that is intended to be operated or is operated at a liquid pressure of not more than 1100 kPa (160 psi) and in which the liquid at the outlet does not exceed 120 ºC (250ºF). Closed-type hot-water heating system — a system in which water is heated and circulated and that is not vented to the atmosphere. Factory-assembled — completely put together in the factory. Fitting — any safety valve, stop valve, automatic stop and check valve, blow-down valve, reducing valve, water gauge, gauge cock, pressure gauge, injector, test cock, fusible plug, regulating and controlling device, or pipe fitting attached to or used in connection with any boiler, pressure vessel, or plant. Heating surface — the “fire side” (the side exposed to products of combustion) of any surface of any part of the boiler through which heat is conveyed to the water in the boiler. Maximum allowable pressure — the maximum pressure at which the boiler is permitted to be operated as specified by the authority having jurisdiction. Relief valve — an automatic, self-closing, pressure-relieving device actuated by the static pressure upstream of the valve, that opens in proportion to the increase in pressure over the opening pressure. It is used primarily for liquid service. Safety relief valve — an automatic, self-closing, pressure-actuated relieving device suitable for use as either a safety or relief valve, depending on application. Safety valve — an automatic, self-closing, pressure-relieving device actuated by the static pressure upstream of the valve and characterized by rapid full opening or pop action. It is used for gas or vapour service. Thermostat — a control, actuated by change in temperature, that functions to turn on or shut off the unit, as required, to maintain the temperature, in the space or medium to be heated, at the desired value. Unit — a steam boiler, a hot-water boiler, or a steam and hot-water boiler assembly that is in accordance with the description given in Clause 1.1.

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3 General requirements 3.1 Oil-burning equipment The oil-burning equipment shall comply with the general provisions of CSA B140.0.

3.2 Oil burners 3.2.1 The oil burner and all associated components shall meet the requirements of the applicable standard in the CSA B140 series. Note: The requirements for atomizing-type burners are given in CAN/CSA-CSA-B140.2.1. The requirements for vaporizing-type burners are given in CSA B140.1.

3.2.2 Means shall be provided so that positive position and alignment can be maintained between the burner and the combustion chamber. Note: The intent of this clause is to ensure that means are provided to hold the burner in the proper position so that it will not be disturbed by vibration; the requirement is not intended to limit the burner design to flange mounting.

3.2.3 Where the oil burner is enclosed, either separately or within the unit casing, provision shall be made for an adequate supply of combustion and ventilating air to the burner, as determined by the tests of Clause 7.

3.2.4 The unit shall be designed so that it can be installed and maintained in accordance with the requirements of CSA B139.

3.3 Electrical equipment The electrical equipment shall meet the applicable requirements of the applicable CSA standards. Note: The general requirements for the electrical features of oil-burning equipment are stated in CSA C22.2 No. 3. The requirements for specific electrical component parts are given in the applicable standards of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part II (CSA C22.2 series of Standards).

3.4 Controls 3.4.1 Each unit shall include a primary safety control to shut off the fuel oil in the event of ignition or flame failure.

3.4.2 Each unit shall include a safety limit control to shut down the burner in the event of excessive temperature or pressure in the heated medium.

3.4.3 Each unit shall include such other controls as required to regulate the operation of the unit.

3.5 Methods of assembly and shipment 3.5.1 The equipment shall consist of a boiler equipped with an oil burner and all the necessary controls, electrical equipment, enclosures, etc., necessary for factory or field assembly as a complete unit.

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3.5.2 Units intended for field assembly shall comply with the applicable requirements of Clauses 5 and 6.

3.5.3 Where practical, units shall be factory assembled before shipment and shipped assembled.

3.6 Boilers for heating swimming pool water Boilers intended for heating swimming pool water shall comply with Clause 10 of CSA B140.12.

4 Construction 4.1 General 4.1.1 Boilers that come within the provisions of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act of a province or territory shall comply with the Act and shall bear marking to indicate such compliance.

4.1.2 Steel boilers having an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) that are exempt from the provisions of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act of a province or territory shall be subject to the following minimum requirements: (a) The steel shall be as specified in the ASME BPVC, Section IV, except that sheet and plate in accordance with one of the following applicable standards may be used: (i) SAE J1015; or (ii) ASTM A 1011 for hot-rolled steel sheet of commercial quality. Note: Steel over 5.84 mm (0.23 in) thick or steel over 1220 mm (48 in) wide and at least 4.57 mm (0.18 in) thick is classified as plate. In some cases, commercial-quality steel may not meet the maximum analysis requirements of the sheet, which are carbon 0.15%, manganese 0.60%, phosphorus 0.035%, and sulphur 0.04%.

(b) The minimum thickness of the shell, furnace, and tube sheet shall be 4.76 mm (0.19 in). (c) The minimum thickness of tubes of other than circular cross-section shall be 3.42 mm (0.13 in). (d) The minimum thickness of tubes of circular cross-section shall comply with the requirements of the latest edition of the ASME BPVC, Section IV. (e) Prototypes of the boilers shall be in accordance with Clause 7.15. (f) Each steel boiler produced shall be hydrostatically tested at 415 kPa (60 psi) or 1-1/2 times the maximum allowable working pressure shown on the rating plate, whichever is greater, without leakage. In conducting the hydrostatic pressure test, the pressure shall be controlled so that the required test pressure is not exceeded by more than 70 kPa (10 psi) to preclude overstressing the vessel.

4.1.3 Boilers constructed from materials other than steel shall conform to ASME BPVC, Section IV.

4.2 Accessibility of parts 4.2.1 The arrangement of removable parts in the assembly shall be such that their restoration, following removal, will not necessitate realignment to secure their proper relationship with other parts of the assembly.

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4.2.2 All flue-gas passageways, combustion chambers, flue baffles, and heating surfaces shall be readily accessible for cleaning and soot removal, without requiring major dismantling of the unit or the disconnection of wiring circuits or steam or water lines. A suitable brush and/or scraper shall be provided, together with instructions for use, except where all surfaces to be cleaned are accessible for cleaning with a straight-handled wire brush and/or scraper. Notes: (1) A vacuum cleaner is not considered to be an adequate cleaning tool but may be considered suitable for soot removal following brush or scraper cleaning. (2) Fuel line joints may be disconnected to remove a burner. (3) If electrical components are to be removed during cleaning operations, means need to be provided to enable the removal of the device without the disconnection of electrical circuits and without producing undue strain on electrical connections. (“Undue strain” in this context is any strain which causes damage or weakening.) (4) The above requirements do not prohibit the removal of the vent connector (flue pipe), the burner, or those components that are specifically designed to permit ready removal and replacement. (5) The instructions should be such that any person equipped with them can perform the cleaning operation.

4.2.3 When the boiler is installed, sufficient and reasonable accessibility shall be afforded to all parts normally requiring cleaning, service, replacement, or adjustment (e.g., controls, burners, pumps, combustion chambers, etc.).

4.3 Location of fuel lines and fuel components Fuel piping and fuel-handling components shall be located where they are accessible and where they are not subjected to excessive temperatures or physical damage.

4.4 Casing or jackets (where supplied) 4.4.1 An outer casing or jacket shall be made of suitable material, reinforced or formed if necessary, so that it is not likely to be damaged through normal handling, shipment, installation, and use. All surfaces shall be protected against corrosion as much as is practicable. The finish shall be protected adequately against damage by heat.

4.4.2 Access panels for normal service shall be designed to readily permit repeated removal and replacement without causing damage or impairing any required insulating value. If supplied, a removable panel through which air is drawn for combustion shall be designed in such a way that it cannot be attached to the unit in a manner that can cause unsafe performance of the unit.

4.4.3 A removable panel shall be constructed so that it is not interchangeable with another removable panel when such an interchange can allow unsafe operation of the unit.

4.5 Lubrication 4.5.1 Reasonable means shall be provided for lubricating the motor and bearings, where necessary.

4.5.2 Instructions for the lubrication of motors and bearings shall be included in the operating instructions or printed on readily visible adjacent surfaces. Note: The instructions should designate the proper type and grade of lubricants to be used.

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4.6 Flue-gas passages and vent (flue) collars 4.6.1 Boilers with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) 4.6.1.1 Each boiler shall be provided with a securely mounted metal flue collar suitable for attaching the female end of a vent connector (flue pipe) of integral inch size.

4.6.1.2 The vent (flue) collar shall extend through the casing or jacket for a distance sufficient to permit the secure attachment of the vent connector (flue pipe).

4.6.1.3 The cross-sectional area of the flue-gas passages shall be of sufficient size that, during the combustion tests described in Clause 7.2, an excessive pressure rise is not created in the combustion chamber during the ignition period and an excessive draft loss through the boiler is not created during operation. Note: Excessive pressure rise is a rise in pressure that can cause an unsatisfactory discharge of the products of combustion outside the boiler.

4.6.2 Boilers with an oil input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or more and high-pressure boilers 4.6.2.1 Each unit shall be provided with one or more flue collars. Each flue collar shall be substantial and arranged to permit secure attachment of a flue pipe.

4.6.2.2 A unit to be operated with natural draft shall be the subject of a special test investigation to determine the pressure rise in the combustion chamber during ignition and the draft loss through the unit during operation. Note: The test requirements and procedures should be determined by the testing authority upon consideration of the specific conditions in which the unit will be used.

4.7 Draft regulators 4.7.1 A draft regulator shall be provided for a unit that has an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) and that is intended to be operated on natural draft unless the conditions specified in Clause 7.2.2.5 apply.

4.7.2 Draft regulators shall comply with the requirements of CSA B140.0.

4.8 Primary and secondary heating surfaces Surfaces exposed to the direct heat of the flame or to the products of combustion shall be constructed of materials suitable for the application.

4.9 Observation of the flame zone 4.9.1 Provision shall be made to permit adequate observation of the flame zone and the burner fire conditions without affecting combustion conditions.

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4.9.2 Except in the case of an observation opening that is intended to be permanently open, each opening shall be provided with a cover permanently attached to the boiler.

4.10 Refractory materials 4.10.1 Refractory materials, where used for combustion chambers, linings, etc., shall be constructed and seasoned to minimize deterioration of the material under normal operating conditions. The refractory material shall be capable of withstanding the conditions specified in the unit tests in Clause 7 without any evidence of deterioration or failure.

4.10.2 Refractory materials shall be adequately held in place and shall be accessible for service or replacement without major dismantlement of the boiler.

4.11 Metal combustion chambers 4.11.1 Metal combustion chambers shall be constructed for reasonable life. The combustion chamber shall be capable of withstanding the conditions specified in the tests in Clause 7 of this Standard and in Clause 7.4 of CSA B140.0 without visible evidence of deterioration, failure, or fatigue.

4.11.2 Metal combustion chambers shall be fixed securely in position and shall be accessible for service or replacement without major dismantlement of the boiler.

4.11.3 Metal combustion chambers shall be designed with due consideration for thermal stresses, expansion, etc.

4.12 Simulated life test When the combustion chamber material or design is unproven, the appliance shall be subjected to the simulated life test as specified in CSA B140.0.

4.13 Simulated endurance test When an appliance is intended for continuous operation, it shall be subjected to the simulated endurance test specified in CSA B140.0.

4.14 Flue baffles and flame baffles 4.14.1 Flue baffles and flame baffles shall (a) not obstruct more than 80% of the cross-sectional area of the flue-gas passage or outlet; (b) be positioned to prevent the possibility of blockage by scale, soot, etc.; and (c) be hinged or fixed securely in position at the factory so that the flue-gas passage cannot be reduced in the field to less than that set at the factory. They shall also be constructed and located in such a manner that they are capable of withstanding the conditions specified in the unit tests in Clause 7 without evidence of deterioration.

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4.14.2 When designed for ready removal and replacement, flue baffles and flame baffles shall be in accordance with Clause 4.14.1. In addition, a baffle shall be arranged in such a way that when it is removed and replaced, it can be returned to its original position without the need for adjustments. Note: Such baffles or their supports may be secured by locked screws, welding, pivots, or other means suitable for the application.

4.15 Insulating materials 4.15.1 Materials used for insulation, linings, unit seals, and similar applications shall be suitable for the conditions encountered in service.

4.15.2 Heat insulation, and similar materials that can be subjected to heat, shall have heat- and moisture-resistant properties and shall be of a type that will not support combustion. Where the flue gases can come in contact with the insulation, the insulation shall be of a type not affected by such gases.

4.15.3 Insulating materials shall be adequately supported and maintained in the intended position and shall be factory installed, except that the insulating materials may be field installed when shipped with the boiler together with the supporting means and when adequate installation instructions are provided. Note: The suitability of the support (adhesive, clips, or other means) provided for insulating materials is determined on the basis of its conditions of use and its ability to withstand the conditions specified in the unit tests in Clause 7.

4.16 Controls and fittings 4.16.1 General The required fittings and controls specified in Clauses 4.16.2 to 4.16.8 shall be supplied for steam and hot-water boilers. For boilers with an oil input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or more and for high-pressure boilers, the fittings shall be registered in accordance with CSA B51.

4.16.2 Primary safety controls 4.16.2.1 Each unit shall be equipped with a primary safety control of a type suitable for the burner with which it is used.

4.16.2.2 Where the primary safety control is a combustion-safety control, the control shall operate to shut off the burner upon ignition failure or flame failure within the applicable nominal time period prescribed in CAN/CSA-B140.2.1.

4.16.3 Safety limit and operating controls 4.16.3.1 An oil-fired boiler shall be equipped with a suitable safety limit control to prevent unsafe pressure in a steam boiler or overheating within a hot-water boiler.

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4.16.3.2 The maximum setting of the safety limit control shall permit a gauge pressure of not more than 103 kPa (15 psi) in a low-pressure steam boiler and a water temperature of not more than 120 ºC (250ºF) in a low-pressure hot-water boiler. The maximum setting of the safety control shall have a fixed stop.

4.16.3.3 For boilers with an oil input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or more, the limit control of a high-pressure boiler shall be capable of being set to prevent a steam pressure of not more than the maximum allowable pressure for the boiler.

4.16.3.4 Each unit shall also be provided with an operating control that, by turning the firing device on or off, keeps the operating pressure in a steam boiler or operating temperature in a hot-water boiler at a level below the pressure or temperature at which the safety limit control functions. Note: The operating control may be a separate thermostat or other control and need not form part of the boiler assembly.

4.16.3.5 The safety limit control shall function separately from the operating control, but both may use the same sensing element.

4.16.3.6 The sensing element of the safety limit control shall be installed (a) directly in or on the boiler, as applicable; or (b) in or on a part adjacent to the boiler, provided that there are no valves or obstructions between the medium in this part and the medium heated in the boiler that would affect the function of the control.

4.16.3.7 All safety limit controls shall be so connected that they will not permit start-up unless all conditions are safe. If the safe condition of any one safety limit control is exceeded, the burner shall be shut off immediately.

4.16.3.8 All safety limit controls shall be so connected that if any safety limit control is disconnected, start-up shall not be possible.

4.16.4 Burners 4.16.4.1 Each burner shall be provided with a flame-sensing device that will reliably prove the presence of a fuel flame.

4.16.4.2 The burner shall be shut off in case of ignition failure or flame failure within the time permitted in CAN/CSA-B140.2.1 and shall require manual restart.

4.16.5 Safety low-water cut-off 4.16.5.1 Each steam boiler shall be provided with a suitable safety low-water control that functions to shut off the burner in the event of a low-water condition in the boiler.

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4.16.5.2 Each hot-water boiler shall be provided with means of attachment for a suitable safety low-water control should one be required.

4.16.6 Control circuits of safety controls 4.16.6.1 The circuits to a safety control (safety limit control or safety low-water cut-off control) shall be so arranged that no other control, the failure of which might interfere with the functioning of the safety control, is interposed in the circuit.

4.16.6.2 The power supply to an electronic control circuit shall be maintained independently of the circuit being controlled.

4.16.7 Safety and relief valves Each boiler shall be fitted with a safety valve, relief valve, or pressure-temperature relief valve that has been officially rated in accordance with recognized standards or codes. This valve may be removed and shipped with the boiler if it is necessary to do so to prevent damage during shipment.

4.16.8 Miscellaneous fittings Each boiler shall have such other miscellaneous fittings as required by the code under which the boiler was constructed. These fittings* may be removed and shipped with the boiler if it is necessary to do so to prevent damage during shipment. *These fittings include steam pressure gauges, pressure or altitude gauges, thermometers, drain connections, water gauge glasses, etc.

4.16.9 Additional requirements for boilers with an oil input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or more 4.16.9.1 Miscellaneous safety controls 4.16.9.1.1 A boiler assembly equipped with a burner using steam or air for atomizing the oil, or employing air for combustion supplied by a source from which the flow can be interrupted without shutting off the oil supply, shall be arranged to (a) ensure safe combustion during interruption of and upon restoration of the steam or air supply; or (b) shut off the fuel upon failure of the atomizing medium or combustion air supply.

4.16.9.1.2 Where automatically operated burners are used in an installation equipped with forced draft fans or induced draft fans, or both, automatic means shall be provided to immediately shut off the oil or ensure safe combustion upon fan failure. Adjustment means for adjusting air-proving switches, if used, shall be tamper-proof.

4.16.9.1.3 Fully automatic burners having hinged firing heads (e.g., horizontal rotary burners) so constructed that they can be readily opened for inspection of the firing mechanism (e.g., latched) shall be provided with a suitable safety device to prevent the flow of fuel when the burner is in the open position.

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4.16.9.1.4 Boilers equipped with forced and induced draft fans shall have the fans interlocked in such a way that the forced draft fan cannot start unless the induced draft fan is running.

4.16.9.2 Purging 4.16.9.2.1 Boilers fitted with forced and/or induced draft fans and having an interlocked starting firing rate of 125 L/h (33 USGPH) or more and boilers fitted with oil-gas combination burners and/or gas pilots shall be so arranged that a pre-purge equal to at least four times the volume of the combustion zone and flue passages (not including breeching) is effected before ignition can be initiated. Note: Boilers with an interlocked starting firing rate are equipped for starting at a firing rate less than the maximum firing rate and are provided with an interlock to prevent an increase in firing rate over this starting rate before ignition is established.

4.16.9.2.2 The fuel supply to the burner shall be shut off and all limit controls shall be within their safe limits before the pre-purge can be initiated.

4.16.10 Low-fire start When a boiler is fitted with fuel-burning equipment intended only for a low-fire start, it shall be so arranged that the fuel cannot be ignited above the low-fire start setting.

4.16.11 Pilot burners 4.16.11.1 A pilot burner, if provided, shall have sufficient capacity to reliably ignite the main burner flame.

4.16.11.2 The trial-for-ignition period for the pilot burner flame and the main burner flame shall be limited to the time permitted in CAN/CSA-B140.2.1.

4.16.11.3 Each pilot burner shall be provided with a flame-sensing device that shall reliably prove the presence of a pilot flame, and the fuel-burning equipment shall be so arranged that fuel cannot be supplied to the main burner unless the presence of the pilot flame is proven.

4.16.12 Main burners 4.16.12.1 Each main burner shall be provided with a flame-sensing device that will reliably prove the presence of a fuel flame.

4.16.12.2 In the case of ignition failure or flame failure, the main burner shall be shut off within the time permitted in CAN/CSA-B140.2.1 and shall require manual reset.

4.16.13 Explosion-relief doors Explosion-relief doors, where supplied, shall be located so that no potential hazard exists with regard to injury to persons or damage to fuel lines, electric circuits, controls, etc. Such doors shall be designed to remain attached to the boiler, by hinges or other means, in the event of explosion relief.

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5 Marking 5.1 General 5.1.1 The marking shall be in accordance with CSA B140.0. For boilers with an oil input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or more, the marking shall also be in accordance with CSA B51.

5.1.2 Each boiler shall be plainly marked in a permanent manner with the following details: (a) the manufacturer’s name, trade name, or other traceable identification; Note: Sufficient information should be provided so that the manufacturer can be traced by the test agency and the authority having jurisdiction.

(b) the model or type number of the complete unit; (c) the maximum fuel input in suitable units (i.e., USGPH, L/h, kW, or kg/h) and where necessary, as determined by the combustion test of Clause 7.2, the type of spray (spray pattern) and the nozzle spray angle; Note: The maximum input marking does not apply where the oil rate is set by the unit manufacturer and cannot be altered in the field. Inputs specified in gallons per hour should specify whether the gallons are Canadian (Can) or United States (US).

(d) for units using pressure burners, the maximum input marking. This marking should match the rated capacity of the nozzle. Where the maximum input does not agree with the rated capacity of the nozzle, both the rated nozzle size and the pump pressure required to obtain the maximum input shall be shown in the marking in addition to the maximum input; (e) the gross output in Btu/h and kW; Note: The gross output marking may be less than the actual gross output determined by test.

(f) the electrical rating, where applicable, as specified by CSA C22.2 No. 3; (g) the following statement or equivalent wording (where applicable): CERTIFIED FOR USE WITH TYPE L VENT Note: See Clause 7.2.1.3.2.

(h) the heaviest type of fuel oil suitable for use in the boiler.

5.2 Installation clearances 5.2.1 Each unit shall bear a marking giving the minimum clearances, after installation of the unit, from the unit to adjacent construction. Each unit limited to installation on a non-combustible floor shall be so marked. Information concerning the ventilation openings that fulfill the test requirements of Clause 7 shall also be specified for equipment intended for closet installation. Note: Refer to CSA B139 for further information concerning clearances, including standard clearances.

5.2.2 Where special clearances are required for access to the unit for cleaning or servicing operations, such clearance information shall be clearly marked on the unit. These special clearances may be combined with the clearances required in Clause 5.2.1.

5.2.3 The installation clearance markings shall be located adjacent to, or shall be combined with, the markings required in Clause 5.1.2. Note: The markings required by Clause 5.2 may be on a substantial paper sticker, water transfer, or the equivalent.

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5.3 Field-mounted burners 5.3.1 When a unit and a burner are shipped as separate items from one or more locations, the following marking or its equivalent shall appear on the unit in a readily visible location: FOR USE ONLY WITH [specify manufacturer or type identification of burner] OIL BURNER MODEL [specify model or type number of specific type of burner]. Note: The above marking may be on a substantial paper sticker, water transfer, or equivalent, and should remain legible for the life of the appliance.

5.3.2 The marking specified in Clause 5.3.1 shall be located adjacent to, or shall be combined with, the markings required in Clause 5.1.2.

6 Instructions 6.1 General 6.1.1 The instructions shall be in accordance with CSA B140.0.

6.1.2 With each appliance, the manufacturer shall provide an installation, service, and operating manual that contains homeowner or operator instructions. All documents shall bear a date of publication. Notes: (1) Homeowner instructions should be provided for boilers with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH). Operator instructions should be provided for boilers with an oil input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or more and high-pressure boilers. (2) The installation instructions may be separate from or combined with the operating instructions. Similarly, the instructions for the burner and for the unit also may be in separate parts. If the data in the instructions supplied with the burner differ from those in the boiler instructions, this should be clearly stated in the boiler instructions.

6.2 Installation instructions The installation instructions shall include the following information, where applicable: (a) the following statement or equivalent wording: THE INSTALLATION OF THE UNIT SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REGULATIONS OF THE AUTHORITIES HAVING JURISDICTION. Note: Reference should be made to CSA B139 for recommended installation practice.

(b) the manufacturer’s name or equivalent identification; (c) the model or type designation of the equipment covered by the instructions; (d) adequate information for the complete installation of the unit, including (i) information for properly installing the various components and sub-assemblies of the unit, where such components are not factory assembled; (ii) suitable erection instructions for field-assembled equipment; and Note: It is recommended that explanatory drawings or illustrative descriptions of step-by-step methods for assembling the equipment be employed.

(iii) a complete list of all sub-assemblies or components packed separately; (e) adequate information on the clearance between the unit adjacent construction;

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Note: This data should include the recommended minimum clearances between the vent connector (flue pipe) and surroundings, and between the unit and surroundings (e.g., walls, partitions, overhead structure, and other materials). The type of floor permissible (combustible or non-combustible) should also be included.

(f)

information on the installation, adjustment, and operation of electrical controls (e.g., combustion-safety controls, limit controls, etc.); Note: Such information should preferably be given on a drawing, where possible.

(g) a complete wiring diagram of the equipment; (h) information on the installation of the supply tank and on the fuel line connection to the burner; (i) adequate information for setting the draft, as follows: (i) the following caution or its equivalent: AN OIL-FIRED UNIT SHALL BE CONNECTED TO A VENT HAVING SUFFICIENT DRAFT AT ALL TIMES TO ENSURE SAFE AND PROPER OPERATION OF THE UNIT (ii) the recommended draft in inches of water in the vent connector (flue pipe) and, when necessary for correct adjustment of the unit, the recommended draft over the fire; (iii) instructions for the installation and adjustment of the draft regulator, when supplied; and (iv) recommendations for cleaning or replacing vent connectors (flue pipes); (j) information on the installation of the combustion chamber when furnished separately, including (i) the actual dimensions of the combustion chamber; and (ii) for boilers with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) with wall-flame burners, instructions for locating the hearth, hearth segments, grilles, and the ignition means; (k) instructions for locating, levelling, and securing the burner, when not installed by the manufacturer; (l) the procedure to be followed in adjusting the supply of air and fuel for proper combustion (e.g., flame appearance or CO2 readings); (m) information on air requirements in the boiler room for satisfactory combustion and ventilation; and Note: For recommended practice, refer to CSA B139.

(n) instructions to pipe off to a safe place the escape pipes or drain pipes from relief valves, safety valves, blow-down valves, and low-water cut-offs.

6.3 Operating instructions and homeowner or operator instructions The operating instructions and homeowner instructions shall include the following information, where applicable: (a) the following statement or equivalent wording at the beginning of the instructions: READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR REFERENCE (b) the manufacturer’s name or other acceptable identification; (c) the model or type designation of the equipment covered by the instructions; (d) the type of fuel oil, followed by the following caution, in block letters: DO NOT USE GASOLINE, CRANKCASE DRAININGS, OR ANY OIL CONTAINING GASOLINE (e) information on the adjustment of the air and oil for proper flame where the adjustment is left to the discretion of the owner or operator; (f) instructions for shutting down the burner and the unit, and the following caution or its equivalent, where applicable: ALWAYS KEEP THE OIL SUPPLY VALVE SHUT OFF IF THE BURNER IS SHUT DOWN FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME (g) the general maintenance and care to be given to the burner and the unit when in operation; (h) the care of the unit when closed down for an extended period of time and the general manner of restarting and reconditioning the system after such shutdown;

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the following caution or its equivalent: DO NOT START THE BURNER UNLESS ALL CLEANOUT DOORS ARE SECURED IN PLACE

(j)

the procedure to be followed in cleaning the oil filter or strainer, where this operation can be left to the discretion of the owner or operator; (k) instructions for the cleaning of the unit, where this operation can be left to the discretion of the owner or operator; (l) the following caution or its equivalent, in block letters: NEVER BURN GARBAGE OR PAPER IN THE UNIT, AND NEVER LEAVE COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL AROUND IT (m) an identified space for the name, address, and telephone number of the service personnel; and (n) instructions for blow-down of the boiler.

6.4 Service instructions The service instructions shall include all particular instructions required for servicing the unit and shall include information on the recommended cleaning procedure, including any special instructions for the use of the cleaning tools.

6.5 Additional homeowner instructions In addition to the information listed in Clause 6.3, the instructions intended for the homeowner should cover the following items, where applicable: (a) identifying the location and the operation of the emergency power isolation switch; (b) keeping clear space around the appliance (i.e., not stacking items on or boxing in the appliance within the required clearances to combustibles); (c) ensuring that the supply of combustion air to the appliance is not obstructed or cut off; (d) maintaining the proper ventilation of the appliance area; (e) contacting service personnel before remodelling, for annual servicing/maintenance, before extended periods of shutdown, and before start-up; (f) the general manner of starting the burner, and of restarting it after ignition failure, when this operation can be performed without the help of a service person. This instruction shall include the following caution or its equivalent: DO NOT ATTEMPT TO START THE BURNER WHEN EXCESS OIL HAS ACCUMULATED, WHEN THE UNIT IS FULL OF VAPOUR, OR WHEN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER IS VERY HOT (g) the following caution or its equivalent, in block letters: DO NOT TAMPER WITH THE UNIT OR CONTROLS — CALL YOUR SERVICE PERSONNEL.

7 Tests 7.1 General 7.1.1 The performance of the unit, under normal conditions of ignition and operation, shall be safe and reliable when the unit is fired at rated fuel inputs* with the recommended fuel oil type. Excessive carbonization or smoke, and excessive temperatures, pressure, oxidation, warpage, or other phenomena that would lead to unsafe performance, shall not occur. *Units intended for high-fire/low-fire operation should be operated at both input values.

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Note: For units using high-pressure burners, when the maximum input does not correspond to the rated nozzle capacity, safety tests should be conducted at the greater of the two capacities (see Clause 5.1.2(d)).

7.1.2 If defects become evident, tests in addition to those specified in Clause 7 shall be performed to determine whether such defects would result in unsafe conditions in normal operation.

7.1.3 For the purpose of the tests, the unit, the burner, and all other equipment shall be in their designed condition, as normally supplied by the manufacturer and as specified in the installation instructions. The equipment and controls that are normally regularly supplied shall be in their specified positions. Note: If the unit can be provided with internal indirect water heater coils, they should be in place during the tests but should not be connected for the gross output tests.

7.1.4 The heating surfaces, combustion chamber, flues, and chimney shall be clean and free from soot and dust at the beginning of each test. All flue connections that can result in the introduction of air into the flue gases and that are not intended for that purpose shall be sealed.

7.1.5 Determinations, instrumentation, and methods of testing shall be in accordance with the procedures specified in CSA B140.0.

7.1.6 For test purposes, the electrical potential to be applied shall be as listed in Table 1.

7.2 Combustion 7.2.1 Test requirements 7.2.1.1 General Combustion shall be stable and complete under normal operating conditions at all rated fuel inputs. Note: For the purpose of interpreting the above requirement, ‘’stable and complete combustion’’ is evidenced by (a) the absence of excessive smoke in the flue gases; (b) lack of evidence of unburned oil; (c) the absence of inordinate pulsation and uncommon flame noise; (d) constancy of oil consumption; and (e) constancy of products in flue-gas analysis.

7.2.1.2 Smoke density The amount of smoke in the flue gases (the smoke density) shall not exceed that permitted by CSA B139 for the specific type of burner incorporated in the unit when the unit is tested in accordance with Clause 7.2.2.

7.2.1.3 Flue-gas temperature 7.2.1.3.1 Except as stated in Clause 7.2.1.3.2, the maximum temperature of the vent (flue) gases shall not exceed 400 ºC (750ºF), nor shall the minimum temperature of the vent gases be less than 150 ºC (300ºF), when the appliance is tested in accordance with Clause 7.2.2.

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7.2.1.3.2 The maximum temperature of the flue gases at the flue collar of an appliance to be certified for use with a Type L vent shall be 300 ºC (575ºF).

7.2.2 Test procedures 7.2.2.1 The burner shall be adjusted to the maximum fuel input specified by the unit manufacturer in the installation instructions, ± 2%. The heaviest type* of fuel oil recommended in the manufacturer’s instructions shall be used. *As classified in CSA B140.0.

7.2.2.2 The supply voltage shall be 100% rated voltage.

7.2.2.3 Equipment intended for operation at more than one fuel input rate (i.e., modulating or high-fire/low-fire equipment) shall meet the requirements of Clause 7.2.1 when operated at all fuel input rates.

7.2.2.4 The burner air adjustment shall be regulated to establish the air-to-fuel ratio recommended by the manufacturer in the installation instructions. The resulting smoke density shall not exceed that permitted by Clause 7.2.1.2. Notes: (1) For the purpose of these tests, the percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the flue gases may be specified and used in establishing the recommended air-to-fuel ratio. (2) At the request of the manufacturer, the air-to-fuel ratio may be adjusted to produce the maximum percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the flue gases consistent with the requirement for the smoke density.

7.2.2.5 For natural draft boilers with less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) oil input, the flue outlet pressure shall be adjusted to the minimum pressure recommended by the manufacturer in the instructions, but it shall be not more than –0.005 kPa (–0.02 in w.c.) or less than –0.0199 kPa (–0.08 in w.c.) for units that are intended to operate with a draft regulator. For natural draft boilers with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) that are intended to operate without a draft regulator, the flue outlet pressure shall not be more than –0.005 kPa (–0.02 in w.c.) or less than –0.0299 kPa (–0.12 in w.c.). All other units shall be tested at the minimum and maximum pressure at the flue outlet or fire box as specified by the manufacturer.

7.2.2.6 The required test observations shall be recorded after steady-state operating conditions have been established for the equipment. The combustion characteristics shall remain stable throughout the determination. Consistent values shall be obtained for three consecutive sets of readings taken at 15 min intervals.

7.3 Gross output 7.3.1 Test requirements 7.3.1.1 Gross output The manufacturer’s specified* gross output capacity for the appliance shall not exceed the gross output capacity determined in accordance with the procedures of Clause 7.3.3 by more than 2%. *Refer to the requirements for marking in Clause 5.1.

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7.3.1.2 Maximum flue-gas loss The maximum flue-gas loss permitted for the purpose of conducting the gross output rating test shall be 20%.

7.3.2 Test procedures 7.3.2.1 The unit shall be installed in an area free of drafts that could affect the tests.

7.3.2.2 The unit shall be fitted with the necessary pipelines to supply feed water and to discharge the heated medium. Suitable valves to control the rate of feed and rate of discharge shall be installed in these lines. Note: All limit controls may be bypassed to ensure continuous operation during the test.

7.3.2.3 The burner shall fire at the maximum fuel input determined in the combustion test of Clause 7.2 and shall operate under the conditions established in Clause 7.2.2, except that the draft shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.

7.3.2.4 The feed water shall be at a temperature of not less than 4 ºC (40ºF) and shall be maintained at a uniform temperature, ±3 ºC (5ºF).

7.3.2.5 For hot-water heating boilers, the discharge rate shall be adjusted to obtain an outlet temperature of 77 °C to 88 ºC (170°F to 190ºF), which shall be maintained at a uniform temperature, ±3 ºC (5ºF).

7.3.2.6 For steam boilers, the discharge rate shall be adjusted to maintain the maximum pressure specified by the manufacturer.

7.3.2.7 For steam boilers, the flow of feed water shall be regulated to maintain a constant level in the boiler.

7.3.2.8 For hot-water boilers, the outlet temperature shall be taken at, or near, the outlet.

7.3.2.9 The required test observations shall be recorded after steady-state operating conditions have been established, as evidenced by equilibrium of temperatures and/or pressure and by consistent flue-gas readings, and shall be taken at the start of the test and every 15 min thereafter for at least 1 h.

7.3.3 Determination of gross output 7.3.3.1 To establish the data required by Clause 5.1.2(e), the gross output for boilers having a fuel oil input of 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) or less shall be determined using the indirect method described in Clauses 7.3.3.2 to 7.3.3.7. Notes: (1) At the discretion of the testing authority, certified test data by a recognized authority giving the gross output by the direct method may be accepted in lieu of performing the indirect method.

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(2) Gross output ratings certified by recognized authorities such as the Steel Boiler Institute (SBI) or the Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers (IBR) generally are acceptable. Gross output ratings, when determined by competent bodies or individuals, such as consulting engineers, in accordance with recognized methods such as those in the ASME BPVC, can also be acceptable.

7.3.3.2 Using the indirect method, the gross output of the unit shall be determined according to the following formula:

HO =

(HI ) ⎡⎣100 − (LF 100

+ LC )⎤⎦

−A

where HO = heat output, kW (Btu/h) Hl = heat input, kW (Btu/h) LF = flue-gas loss, expressed as a percentage of input LC = casing loss, expressed as a percentage of input A = heat used in auxiliary equipment*, kW (Btu/h) *Auxiliary equipment includes fuel heaters, feed pumps, etc., necessary for operation of the unit.

7.3.3.3 The heat used in each piece of auxiliary equipment shall be determined according to the following formula: Using SI (metric) measurements A = (H – h) Q/3600 where A = H = h = Q =

heat used in auxiliary equipment*, kW the heat content, by weight, of the steam or water at the inlet to the auxiliary equipment, kJ/kg the heat content, by weight, of the feed water to the boiler, kJ/kg quantity of steam or water used by the equipment, kg/h

3600 = conversion from kJ/h to kW where 1 kW = 3600 kJ/h Using yard/pound (imperial) measurements A = (H – h) Q where A = heat used in auxiliary equipment*, Btu/h H = the heat content, by weight, of the steam or water at the inlet to the auxiliary equipment, Btu/lb h = the heat content, by weight, of the feed water to the boiler, Btu/lb Q = quantity of steam or water used by the equipment, lb/h *Auxiliary equipment includes fuel heaters, feed pumps, etc., necessary for operation of the unit.

7.3.3.4 The heat input in kW (Btu/h) shall be calculated according to the method given in CSA B140.0.

7.3.3.5 The flue-gas loss (as a percentage of input) shall be calculated according to the method given in CSA B140.0.

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7.3.3.6 For adequately insulated units, a nominal casing loss factor of 2% of the heat input shall be used. Where there is evidence of excessive heat loss (i.e., where a casing is not adequately insulated) or when the manufacturer specifically requests it, the actual casing loss of the unit shall be determined as specified in CSA B140.0. Note: A unit is considered adequately insulated if the average casing surface temperature is less than 10 ºC (50ºF) above ambient.

7.3.3.7 For units not supplied with a jacket, the surface loss shall be determined by the method specified in CSA B140.0.

7.4 Safety limit control performance 7.4.1 Test requirements The safety limit control, when adjusted to the maximum settings specified by Clause 4.16.3.2, shall function to prevent the outlet temperature or pressure from exceeding the specified limits.

7.4.2 Test procedures 7.4.2.1 The safety limit control shall be operative.

7.4.2.2 The water temperature of hot-water boiler shall be measured at the outlet from the unit. Where critical, the water temperature shall be taken in a tee with the temperature-sensing device inserted, coaxial with the section of pipe on the boiler side of the tee. The piping shall be insulated from the boiler to 0.3 m (1 ft) beyond the tee.

7.4.2.3 The water temperature or steam pressure at which the safety limit control functions shall be determined by the following procedure. The flow through the unit shall be restricted by gradually closing the control valve on the outlet. For steam boilers, the correct water level shall be maintained. The unit shall be operated until the limit control functions to shut off or reduce the fuel input.

7.4.2.4 Without adjusting the outlet control valve or the inlet control valve (except when necessary to maintain the correct water level in a steam boiler), the unit shall be allowed to cool until the safety limit control functions to open or increase the fuel supply. The water temperature or steam pressure shall then be noted. The unit shall then be operated until the safety limit control again functions to reduce or shut off the fuel supply. The water temperature or steam pressure shall again be taken, and if it is the same as the previous reading, this reading will be the water temperature or steam pressure at which the safety limit control functions. If the reading is not the same as the previous reading, the unit shall be allowed to cycle on the safety limit control until two successive readings are the same.

7.5 Safety low-water cut-off control performance 7.5.1 Test requirements 7.5.1.1 The safety low-water cut-off shall function to shut off the burner before the water level drops to a level where there will be a danger of overheating any part of the boiler.

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7.5.1.2 On steam boilers, the level at which the safety low-water cut-off functions shall be visible in the gauge glass. On hot-water boilers, the level at which the safety low-water cut-off functions shall be checked by means of a run-off valve attached to a tee on the top pipe.

7.5.2 Test procedure The water supply to the boiler shall be reduced and the water level in the boiler lowered gradually.

7.6 Maximum operation temperatures 7.6.1 Test requirements 7.6.1.1 The maximum temperatures on the walls, floors*, and overhead structures in the vicinity of the unit and the maximum temperatures of the materials and components of the equipment shall not exceed the allowable maximum temperature limits specified in CSA B140.0 when the unit is installed and operated as recommended by the manufacturer and in accordance with the requirements given in this Standard. *This maximum temperature requirement does not apply to flooring where units are intended for placement on non-combustible floors.

7.6.1.2 Units shall be tested at standard installation clearances as specified in CSA B139 unless closer clearances are specified by the manufacturer.

7.6.2 Test requirements for boilers with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) 7.6.2.1 The equipment shall be installed and operated in the appropriate temperature test enclosure, as described in Annex A, and the clearances to the enclosure shall be as recommended by the manufacturer in the installation instructions. Notes: (1) The test enclosure in which the unit is to be installed should simulate, in each case, the actual installation conditions anticipated for the type of unit. (2) At the discretion of the testing authority, equipment intended for installation with standard clearances may be tested in a partial enclosure. (3) The clearance to surrounding construction is measured from the outer surface where a clearance is specified.

7.6.2.2 The installation clearances and the type of enclosure recommended by the manufacturer shall be such that the operator and the service person will be afforded sufficient and reasonable accessibility to all parts of the equipment requiring normal adjustment or maintenance.

7.6.2.3 For units intended for installation with no (‘’zero”) clearance to the surrounding enclosure, the temperature limit specified for walls shall apply to the outer casing of the unit being tested.

7.6.2.4 For units installed in alcoves or closets, or within similar confined enclosures, the room ambient temperature shall be considered as that external to the enclosure proper.

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7.6.3 Test procedures 7.6.3.1 The unit shall be operated under normal operating conditions except that all limit controls shall be bypassed to permit continuous operation during the test.

7.6.3.2 The following conditions shall prevail throughout the test: (a) The outlet temperature or pressure shall be maintained at the maximum value established according to Clause 7.4. (b) The fuel input shall be at the maximum rate established according to Clause 7.2.2. (c) The burner firing conditions shall remain stable, as indicated by consistent fuel input, draft, smoke density, and flue-gas temperature readings.

7.6.3.3 The test shall be continued until equilibrium temperatures have been attained. Consistent values shall be obtained for three consecutive sets of readings taken at 15 min intervals.

7.6.3.4 The maximum temperatures attained during this test shall be in accordance with Clause 7.6.1.1.

7.7 Other control tests 7.7.1 All controls and control systems shall be investigated to ensure that they permit safe and reliable equipment operation. Control applications to be investigated shall include, where provided, (a) pressure and temperature limit switches; (b) combustion-air interlocks; (c) interlocks on removable components; (d) low-liquid-level controls; (e) overfire draft controls; and (f) automatic dampers.

7.7.2 All operating controls and control systems shall be investigated to ensure that they do not interfere with safe equipment operation.

7.8 Voltage The ignition and operation of units equipped with electrical features shall be safe and reliable at any voltage between 85% and 110% of rated voltage.

7.9 Flooded-pot burn-off (vaporizing burners) 7.9.1 This test applies to units with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH). Units equipped with vaporizing burners shall not create a hazard when the fuel in the burner pot is ignited after a flooded-pot condition has been established.

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7.9.2 The test shall be conducted using the following procedure. The oil in the burner pot shall be ignited after a flooded-pot condition has been established. The metering valve shall be left open at its maximum setting. All limit controls shall be operative. The test shall continue until normal operating conditions have been re-established.

7.9.3 No hazardous discharge of flame or products of combustion shall occur during the test, nor shall any phenomena be created that would lead to unsafe performance of the unit. There shall be no deleterious effects to the materials and components of the equipment (e.g., the heat exchanger, the insulation, etc.) or to the adjacent combustible construction as a result of the test.

7.10 Light-off No hazardous discharge of flame or products of combustion shall occur and no phenomena shall be created that would lead to unsafe performance when the boiler is lit off as follows: (a) under the applicable conditions specified for ignition in CAN/CSA-B140.2.1; (b) in accordance with the following procedure: with the igniting means disconnected, three successive attempts shall be made to light off the boiler, and in each case the burner shall be allowed to operate until safety shutdown occurs. Immediately after the third shutdown, the igniting means shall be reconnected and light-off initiated; and (c) immediately following the seepage test (see Clause 7.11).

7.11 Seepage There shall be no evidence of seepage from the combustion chamber for a period of 1 h after admitting fuel for a period equal to three successive unsuccessful attempts for ignition, as specified in Clause 7.10(b).

7.12 Power failure Units equipped with electrical features shall continue to operate safely or shall shut down in the event of power failure and may start up automatically on resumption of power if the control arrangement ensures safe start-up.

7.13 Vaporizing burners Vaporizing burners provided with units with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) shall meet the applicable requirements of CSA B140.1.

7.14 Atomizing and wall-flame burners Atomizing and wall-flame burners provided with units shall meet the applicable requirements of CAN/CSA-B140.2.1.

7.15 Proof test for steel boilers All prototype steel boilers, without casing and attachments, that have an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) shall be proof tested to withstand a hydrostatic pressure for 5 min without leakage. Permanent deformation shall be allowed. The test pressure shall be determined by the following formula:

Pt = 5Pw ×

Sa or Sm S

where Pt = test pressure, kPa (psi) Pw = working pressure, kPa (psi), but not less than 207 kPa (30 psi) Sa = average actual tensile strength of test specimens, N/mm2 (psi)

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Sm = maximum tensile strength of range of specification in the ASME BPVC, Section II, or 413.7 N/mm2 (60 000 psi) for the optional steels of Clause 4.1.2(a) S = minimum tensile strength specified in the ASME BPVC, Section II, or 275.8 N/mm2 (40 000 psi) for the optional steels of Clause 4.1.2(a) Note: Tensile strength tests should be conducted in accordance with the requirements of the ASME BPVC, Section IV.

The boiler shall be destroyed after the proof test to preclude reuse.

7.16 Bursting test for cast iron boilers Prototype cast iron boilers with an oil input of less than 11.5 L/h (3 USGPH) shall be proof tested in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of CSA B51.

Table 1 Test voltages (See Clause 7.1.6.) Percentage of rated voltage Nominal

Rated

70

110–120

120

84

220–240

240

440–480 550–600

75

85

110

90

102

132

168

180

204

264

480

336

360

408

528

600

420

450

510

660

Note: For other nominal voltages, the rated voltage shall be the same as the nominal voltage.

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Annex A (informative) Test enclosures Note: This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard but is written in mandatory language to accommodate its adoption by anyone wishing to do so.

A.1 General A.1.1 The panels forming the test enclosure shall be made from 25 mm (1 in) (nominal thickness) pine boards or 19 mm (0.75 in) plywood, or the equivalent.

A.1.2 All joints in the panels and the enclosure shall be sealed with adhesive paper tape or the equivalent.

A.1.3 Enclosures for units intended for placement on combustible floors shall include a floor. The enclosure floor shall consist of superimposed layers of 19 mm (0.75 in) plywood, or 25 mm (1 in) pine board, then building paper, and finally a top surface of 19 mm (0.75 in) plywood. The top surface shall be finished in dull black.

A.1.4 All panel faces exposed to the unit, to the flue pipe, and to hot surfaces of the equipment shall be finished in dull black (including the walls, ceilings, etc.).

A.1.5 Studs and joists employed for test enclosures shall have natural (unfinished) exposed faces.

A.2 Standard enclosure A.2.1 The standard enclosure shall consist of three right-angled panels, each panel measuring 2.44 mm × 2.44 mm (8 ft × 8 ft). The enclosure for units intended for placement on combustible floors shall include a floor.

A.2.2 The unit shall be installed in the enclosure using the clearances recommended by the manufacturer. The clearances between the flue pipe and the enclosure panels shall not be less than 230 mm (9 in) when the unit is installed. Note: A partial ceiling of 19 mm (0.75 in) plywood finished in dull black may be constructed inside the standard enclosure and located above the unit, for the purpose of determining the temperature on the exposed ceiling surface when using the clearance recommended by the manufacturer.

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A.3 Alcove-type enclosure A.3.1 The enclosure for units intended for alcove installation shall consist of three right-angled wall panels, a ceiling panel, and a floor panel.

A.3.2 All panels shall extend forward a distance of 1.22 m (4 ft) from the front of the unit.

A.4 Closet-type enclosure for floor-mounted units A.4.1 The enclosure for units intended for closet installation shall consist of four right-angled wall panels, a ceiling panel, and a floor panel.

A.4.2 The front wall panel shall provide two openings into the enclosure space for ventilation and combustion air, located so that the lower edge of the lower opening is 150 mm (6 in) above the enclosure floor and the upper edge of the upper opening is 150 mm (6 in) below the enclosure ceiling. The height of each of the openings shall be sized on the basis of 22 cm2/kW (1 in2 per 1000 Btu/h) of the input rating of the appliance, unless the manufacturer specifies the area of the openings.

A.4.3 The clearance between the flue pipe and the enclosure panels shall be not less than 0.23 m (9 in) when the unit is installed. The maximum height of the enclosure shall be 2.29 m (7 ft 6 in).

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Annex B (informative) Marking translations Note: This Annex is not a mandatory part of this Standard.

English

French

5.1.2(g) CERTIFIED FOR USE WITH TYPE L VENT

CERTIFIÉ POUR UTILISATION AVEC ÉVENT DE TYPE L

5.3.1 FOR USE ONLY WITH [specify manufacturer or type identification of burner] OIL BURNER MODEL [specify model or type number of specific type of burner]

POUR UTILISATION UNIQUEMENT AVEC [spécifier l’identification du fabricant ou du type de brûleur] MODÈLE DE BRÛLEUR À L’HUILE [spécifier le numéro de modèle ou le type spécifique de brûleur]

6.2(a) THE INSTALLATION OF THE UNIT SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REGULATIONS OF THE AUTHORITES HAVING JURISDICTION

L’INSTALLATION DE L’UNITÉ DOIT ÊTRE CONFORME AUX RÈGLEMENTS DES AUTORITÉS COMPÉTENTES

6.2(i)(i) AN OIL-FIRED UNIT SHALL BE CONNECTED TO A VENT HAVING SUFFICIENT DRAFT AT ALL TIMES TO ENSURE SAFE AND PROPER OPERATION OF THE UNIT

UNE UNITÉ ALIMENTÉE À L’HUILE DOIVENT ÊTRE RACCORDÉE À UN TUYAU DE CHEMINÉE AYANT, EN TOUT TEMPS, UN TIRAGE SUFFISANT POUR ASSURER UN FUNCTIONNEMENT CORRECT ET SÛR DE L’UNITÉ

6.3(a) READ AND SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR REFERENCE

LIRE ET CONSERVER CES INSTRUCTIONS POUR S’Y RÉFÉRER

6.3(d) DO NOT USE GASOLINE, CRANKCASE DRAININGS, OR ANY OIL CONTAINING GASOLINE

NE PAS UTILISER D’ESSENCE, D’HUILE RÉSIDUELLE DE CARTER, NI AUCUNE HUILE CONTENANT DE L’ESSENCE

6.3(f) ALWAYS KEEP THE OIL SUPPLY VALVE SHUT OFF IF THE BURNER IS SHUT DOWN FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME

GARDER TOUJOURS LE ROBINET D’ALIMENTATION DE L’HUILE FERMÉ SI LE BRÛLEUR EST ARRÊTÉ POUR UNE PÉRIODE PROLONGÉE

6.3(i) DO NOT START THE BURNER UNLESS ALL CLEANOUT DOORS ARE SECURED IN PLACE 6.3(l) NEVER BURN GARBAGE OR PAPER IN THE UNIT, AND NEVER LEAVE COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL AROUND IT

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NE PAS DÉMARRER LE BRÛLEUR À MOINS QUE TOUTES LES PORTES DES REGARDS SOIENT BIEN EN PLACE NE JAMAIS BRÛLER DES DÉTRITUS OU DU PAPIER DANS L’UNITÉ NI LAISSER TRAÎNER DES MATIÈRES COMBUSTIBLES À PROXIMITÉ

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6.5(f) DO NOT ATTEMPT TO START THE BURNER WHEN EXCESS OIL HAS ACCUMULATED, WHEN THE UNIT IS FULL OF VAPOUR, OR WHEN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER IS VERY HOT 6.5(g) DO NOT TAMPER WITH THE UNIT OR CONTROLS — CALL YOUR SERVICE PERSONNEL

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NE PAS ESSAYER DE DÉMARRER LE BRÛLEUR LORSQU’UN EXCÈS D’HUILE S’EST ACCUMULÉ, LORSQUE L’UNITÉ EST PLEINE DE VAPEURS, NI LORSQUE LA CHAMBRE DE COMBUSTION EST TRÈS CHAUDE NE TOUCHER NI À L’UNITÉ NI AUX DISPOSITIFS DE CONTRÔLE — APPELER LE DÉPANNEUR

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ISBN 1-55397-630-4