CSA B140.0-03 - Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements (reaffirmed 2018) 1553970101

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B140.0-03 (reaffirmed 2018)

Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

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CSA Standard

B140.0-03 Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Published in October 2003 by Canadian Standards Association A not-for-profit private sector organization 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6 1-800-463-6727 • 416-747-4044

Visit our Online Store at www.csa.ca

ISBN 1-55397-010-1 Technical Editor: Mario Micallef © Canadian Standards Association — 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.

© Canadian Standards Association

Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Contents Technical Committee on Oil-Burning Appliance Standards viii Preface x Foreword xi 1. Scope 1 2. Definitions and Reference Publications 1 2.1 Definitions 1 2.2 Reference Publications 1 3. Basic General Requirements 4 3.1 General 4 3.2 Basis of Examination 4 3.3 Electrical Features 5 3.4 Equipment for Combination Fuels 5 3.5 Methods of Assembly and Shipment 5 4. General Construction Requirements 6 4.1 General 6 4.2 Materials 6 4.3 Quality of Labour 7 4.4 Component Parts 8 4.5 Accessibility 8 4.6 Rigidity 9 4.7 Means for Support 9 4.8 Joining 9 4.9 Fuel Conveying System 9 4.10 Fuel Drains 10 4.11 Valves 10 4.12 Fuel Piping and Tubing 11 4.12.1 General 11 4.12.2 Fuel Piping 11 4.12.3 Fuel Tubing 12 4.12.4 Flexible Hose 13 4.13 Application of Safety Controls 13 4.14 Application of Fuel Oil Filters 15 4.15 Application of Draft Regulators 16 4.16 Application of Dampers 16 4.17 Pressure-Relief Ports 16 5. General Marking Requirements 16 5.1 Methods of Providing the Basic Markings 16 5.2 Details of the Basic Markings 17 5.3 Supplementary Markings 17

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6. General Instruction Requirements 17 6.1 General 17 6.2 Operating Instructions 18 6.3 Installation Instructions and/or Service Manuals 18 6.4 Instructions for Separate Components and Accessories 19 7. General Test Requirements 19 7.1 General Performance Tests 19 7.2 Combustion Tests 21 7.3 Procedures for Analysis and Instrumentation 21 7.3.1 General 21 7.3.2 Smoke Density 21 7.3.3 Flue-Gas Temperature 22 7.3.4 Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and Carbon Monoxide 22 7.3.5 Chimney and Over-fire Draft 23 7.4 Simulated Life Test 23 7.4.1 Test Requirement 23 7.4.2 Test Procedure 23 7.5 Simulated Endurance Test 23 7.6 Control Performance Tests 24 7.6.1 Safety Controls 24 7.6.2 Operating Controls 24 7.6.3 Gas Pilot Ignition Controls 24 7.7 Temperature Tests 24 7.7.1 General 24 7.7.2 Maximum Temperature Limits 24 7.7.3 Clearances and Installation 25 7.8 Continuity of Operation 25 7.9 Pressure Tests 25 7.9.1 Fuel Oil Piping, Fittings, and Valves 25 7.9.2 Pressure Vessels 25 7.9.3 Gas Piping and Fittings 25 7.10 Component Tests 25 7.11 Electrical Tests 25 8. Construction and Test of Safety Controls 25 8.1 General 25 8.2 Safety Limit Controls 26 8.3 Primary Safety Controls 27 8.4 Pressure-Relief Safety Valve 27 8.5 Blocked Vent Shut-off System 27 8.5.1 General 27 8.5.2 Construction 27 8.5.3 Performance 28 8.5.4 Test Procedure 28 9. Construction and Test of Fuel Oil Filters 28 9.1 General 28 9.2 Filter Elements 29 9.3 Filter Housings 30 9.4 Test Procedures 30

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10. Construction and Test of Draft Regulators 31 10.1 General 31 10.2 Construction Requirements 31 10.3 Test Requirements and Procedure 32 10.3.1 General 32 10.3.2 Regulation of the Draft 32 10.3.3 Leakage Test 33 11. Vent Connector Mounted Heat Reclaimers Intended for Residential Use 33 11.1 Construction 33 11.2 Tests 34 11.3 Marking 34 11.4 Instructions 34 12. General Procedures for Analysis 35 12.1 General 35 12.2 Supplementary Procedures and Methods 35 12.3 Additional Details 35 12.4 Fuel-Oil Properties 35 12.5 Flue-Gas Properties 36 12.5.1 General 36 12.5.2 Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen 36 12.5.3 Carbon Monoxide 36 12.5.4 Smoke 36 12.5.5 Flue-Gas Temperature 36 12.6 Instrumentation and Measurement 36 12.6.1 General 36 12.6.2 Electrical 36 12.6.3 Speed 36 12.6.4 Air Velocity 37 12.6.5 Temperature 37 12.6.6 Gas Pressure 37 12.6.7 Liquid Pressure 37 12.6.8 Barometric Pressure 37 12.6.9 Rating of Electric Motors 37 12.6.10 Flow Rates 37 13. Maximum Allowable Temperatures 37 13.1 General 37 13.2 Relationship with Other Requirements 37 13.3 Operating Temperatures 38 13.4 Operating Conditions 38 13.4.1 Operating Condition A 38 13.4.2 Operating Condition B 38 13.5 Temperature Rise and Ambient Temperatures 38 13.6 Temperature Measurement 39 14. Flue-Gas Temperature, Chimney Draft, and Flue-Gas Analysis 40 14.1 General 40 14.2 Flue-Gas Temperature 41 14.3 Chimney Draft 41 14.4 Flue-Gas Analysis 41 14.4.1 Smoke Density 41 14.4.2 Determination of CO2, O2, and CO 42 October 2003

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15. Determination of Smoke Density 42 15.1 Outline of the Method 42 15.2 Procedures 42 16. Determination of Heat Input 43 16.1 General 43 16.2 Method of Calculation 43 17. Determination of Flue-Gas Loss 44 17.1 General 44 17.2 Method of Calculation 44 17.3 Combustion Chart and Percentage Flue-Gas Loss for Type 1 or 2 Fuel Oil 46 18. Determination of Casing (Jacket) Loss 47 19. Through-the-Wall Venting Systems 49 19.1 General 49 19.2 Description 49 19.3 Construction 50 19.4 Marking 52 19.5 Installation Instructions 52 19.6 Normal Tests 53 19.6.1 Temperature 53 19.6.2 Draft Proving Device 53 19.6.3 Pulsation 53 19.6.4 Combustion Tests 53 19.6.5 Simulated Rain Test 53 19.6.6 Simulated Wind Test 53 19.7 Simulated Rain Test Procedure 53 19.8 Insulation Resistance Test 54 19.9 Dielectric Strength Test 54 19.10 Simulated Wind Test Procedure 54 19.11 Abnormal Tests 54 19.11.1 General 54 19.11.2 Flue Gas Exhauster Failure 54 19.11.3 Stop and Start Tests 55 19.11.4 Abnormal Voltage 55 19.11.5 Power Failure 55 19.11.6 Exterior Terminal Assembly Strength 56 19.12 Load Test 56 19.13 Impact Test 56 20. Direct Connection of Combustion Air 57 20.1 General 57 20.2 Definition 57 20.3 Construction 57 20.4 Normal Tests 58 20.4.1 Draft 58 20.4.2 Draft Proving Device 58 20.4.3 Pulsation 58 20.4.4 Combustion Tests 58 20.4.5 Simulated Rain Test 58 20.4.6 Simulated Wind Test 59

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20.5 Abnormal Tests 59 20.5.1 Combustion Air System Obstruction 59 20.5.2 Stop and Start Tests 59 20.5.3 Abnormal Voltage 59 20.5.4 Power Failure 60 21. Gas Passageway Leakage Test 60 21.1 Heat Exchanger Leakage Test 60 21.2 Vent System Leakage Test 60 21.3 Leakage 60 22. Used-Oil-Burning Appliances 61 22.1 General 61 22.2 Marking 61 22.2.1 General 61 22.2.2 Details Required 61 22.2.3 Used-Oil-Burning Appliances with a Vaporizing-Type Burner 62 22.3 Instructions 62 22.3.1 General 62 22.3.2 Installation Instructions 62 22.3.3 Service Instructions 63 22.3.4 Operating Instructions 63 22.4 Tests — Normal Operation 63 22.4.1 General 63 22.4.2 Test Oil 64 22.4.3 Combustion 64 22.4.4 Ignition 64 22.4.5 Temperature 65 22.4.6 Continuity of Operation 65 22.4.7 Flue-Gas Analysis 65 22.5 Tests — Abnormal Operation 65 Tables 66 Figures 73 Appendix A (informative) — Thickness of Sheet Metal 88 Index 90

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Technical Committee on Oil-Burning Appliance Standards M.F.C. Brooker

Bradford White Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario

Chair

J. Godfree

Jeremy Godfree Product Design, Pugwash, Nova Scotia

Vice-Chair

C. Baumgartner

Yukon Housing Corporation, Whitehorse, Yukon

R.L.D. Cane

Caneta Research, Mississauga, Ontario

Associate

R.B. Chauhan

National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

Associate

L. Clare

SET Industries Inc., Kitchener, Ontario

Associate

R. Greiss

Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

Associate

E. Grzesik

Ontario Ministry of Energy, Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario

A.C.S. Hayden

Advanced Combustion Technologies, Nepean, Ontario

M. Leung

City of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario

I. Lindsay

Riello Canada Incorporated, Mississauga, Ontario

G. Mallinos

Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada, Scarborough, Ontario

I.W. Mault

Manitoba Department of Labour, Winnipeg, Manitoba

R. McCullough

Saskatchewan Municipal Affairs, Culture and Housing, Regina, Saskatchewan

P.G. McKay

Brampton, Ontario Consumer Representative

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R. Mossavi

Viessmann Manufacturing Company, Waterloo, Ontario

R. Sumabat

Technical Standards & Safety Authority, Toronto, Ontario

J. Thériault

Corporation des maîtres mécaniciens en tuyauterie du Québec, Montréal, Québec

H. West

H.R. West Holdings, Brampton, Ontario

A.E. Wood

Islington, Ontario Consumer Representative

M. Micallef

CSA, Mississauga, Ontario

October 2003

Associate

Project Manager

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Preface This is the third edition of CSA Standard B140.0, Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements. It supersedes the previous editions, published in 1987 and 1972 under the title General Requirements for Oil Burning Equipment. A number of changes have been incorporated into the new edition, including (a) updated references; (b) editorial clarifications; (c) added requirements for appliances that have the burner mounted on a hinged door; (d) removal of the requirement for pressure-relief ports; (e) revisions to the markings and instructions; (f) clarification on the interpretation of the smoke density test; (g) revision of the term “flue pipe” to “vent connector”; (h) specification of generic test methods rather than specific test equipment; (i) revision of the casing (jacket) heat loss test; (j) added requirements for direct connection of combustion air; (k) the addition of a gas passageway leakage test; (l) added requirements for used-oil appliances; and (m) added requirements for burner shut-off systems in case of an obstructed vent. This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Oil-Burning Appliance Standards, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Fire Safety and Fuel Burning Equipment, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. It will be submitted to the Standards Council of Canada for approval as a National Standard of Canada. October 2003 Notes: (1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows. (2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. (3) This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication. (4) CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. (5) All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6. Requests for interpretation should (a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch; (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and (c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer. Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSA’s periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at www.csa.ca.

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Foreword The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) develops standards under the name Canadian Standards Association, and provides certification and testing under the name CSA International. CSA International provides certification services for manufacturers who, under license from CSA, wish to use the appropriate registered CSA Marks on certain products of their manufacture to indicate conformity with CSA Standards. CSA Certification for a number of products is provided in the interest of maintaining agreed-upon standards of quality, performance, interchangeability and/or safety, as appropriate. Where applicable, certification may form the basis for acceptance by inspection authorities responsible for enforcement of regulations. Where feasible, programs will be developed for additional products for which certification is desired by producers, consumers, or other interests. In performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, CSA does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of the Association represent its professional judgement given with due consideration to the necessary limitations of practical operation and state of the art at the time the Standard is processed. Products in substantial accord with this Standard but which exhibit a minor difference or a new feature may be deemed to meet the Standard providing the feature or difference is found acceptable utilizing appropriate CSA International Operating Procedures. Products that comply with this Standard shall not be certified if they are found to have additional features which are inconsistent with the intent of this Standard. Products shall not be certifiable if they are discovered to contravene applicable laws or regulations. Testing techniques, test procedures, and instrumentation frequently must be prescribed by CSA International in addition to the technical requirements contained in Standards of CSA. In addition to markings specified in the Standard, CSA International may require special cautions, markings, and instructions that are not specified by the Standard. Some tests required by CSA Standards may be inherently hazardous. The Association neither assumes nor accepts any responsibility for any injury or damage that may occur during or as the result of tests, wherever performed, whether performed in whole or in part by the manufacturer or the Association, and whether or not any equipment, facility, or personnel for or in connection with the test is furnished by the manufacturer or the Association. Manufacturers should note that, in the event of the failure of CSA International to resolve an issue arising from the interpretation of requirements, there is an appeal procedure: the complainant should submit the matter, in writing, to the Secretary of the Canadian Standards Association. If this Standard is to be used in obtaining CSA Certification please remember, when making application for certification, to request all current Amendments, Bulletins, Notices, and Technical Information Letters that may be applicable and for which there may be a nominal charge. For such information or for further information concerning CSA Certification, please address your inquiry to Applications and Customer Service, CSA International, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3.

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B140.0-03 Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements 1. Scope 1.1 This Standard covers construction, general requirements, test methods, marking, and instructions that are common to some or all of the CSA B140 series of Standards.

1.2 This is not a complete Standard in itself and must be used in conjunction with one of the other Standards in the CSA B140 series to form a complete Standard for a particular type of oil-burning appliance or equipment.

1.3 Each of the other Standards in the B140 series covers construction requirements, marking, instructions, and the detailed testing procedures for a single classification or a closely related group of oil-burning equipment.

1.4 Devices or products that comply with the CSA B140 series of Standards may not be acceptable if they have additional features which, when examined and tested, are found to reduce the degree of protection provided by the Standards.

1.5 The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

2. Definitions and Reference Publications 2.1 Definitions The definitions in CSA Standard B139 apply in this Standard. Derivatives of defined terms are to be interpreted in accordance with the corresponding definitions.

2.2 Reference Publications This Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed below. CSA (Canadian Standards Association) B51-03 Boiler, Pressure Vessel, and Pressure Piping Code B139 (under development) Installation Code for Oil-Burning Equipment October 2003

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B140 series of Standards: B140.1-1966 (R2001) Vapourizing-Type Oil Burners CAN/CSA-B140.2.1-M90 (R2000) Oil Burners; Atomizing-Type B140.2.2-1971 (R2001) Pressure Atomizing Oil Burner Nozzles B140.3-1962 (R2001) Oil Burning Stoves and Water Heaters B140.4-1974 (R2001) Oil-Fired Warm Air Furnaces B140.7.1-1976 (R2001) Oil-Fired Steam and Hot-Water Boilers for Residential Use B140.7.2-1967 (R2001) Oil-Fired Steam and Hot-Water Boilers for Commercial and Industrial Use B140.10-1974 (R2001) Oil-Fired Warm Air Heating Appliances for Mobile Housing and Recreational Vehicles CAN/CSA-B140.11-M89 (R2000) Oil/Gas-Fired Commercial/Industrial Pressure Washers and Steam Cleaners B140.12-03 Oil-Burning Equipment: Service Water Heaters for Domestic Hot Water, Space Heating, and Swimming Pools B140.14-M1979 (R2001) Automatic Flue-Pipe Dampers for Use with Oil-Fired Appliances CAN/CSA-B149.1-00 Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code CAN3-B255-M81 (R2000) Mechanical Flue-Gas Exhausters C22.1-02 Canadian Electrical Code, Part I C22.2 Canadian Electrical Code, Part II C22.2 No. 3-M1988 (R1999) Electrical Features of Fuel-Burning Equipment C22.2 No. 24-93 (R1999) Temperature-Indicating and -Regulating Equipment CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 199-M89 (R1999) Combustion Safety Controls and Solid-State Igniters for Gas- and Oil-Burning Equipment

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ANSI/ASME (American National Standards Institute/American Society of Mechanical Engineers) B1.20.1-1983 (Reaffirmed 2001) Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch) API (American Petroleum Institute) Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, 1994 (Reaffirmed 2000), Chapter 9, Section 3 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) A 53/A 53M-99 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless B 43-98 Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes B 68-02 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright Annealed B 75-02 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube B 86-98e1 Standard Specification for Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum (ZA) Alloy Foundry and Die Castings B 135-00 Standard Specification for Seamless Brass Tube B 154-95 Standard Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper and Copper Alloys B 210-00 Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes B 234M-00 Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers B 241/B 241M-00 Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube B 302-98 Standard Specification for Threadless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes B 315-99 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Alloy Pipe and Tube D 1298-99e1 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method CGSB (Canadian General Standards Board) CAN/CGSB-3.2-99 Heating Fuel Oil CAN/CGSB-3.3-99 Kerosene October 2003

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3. Basic General Requirements 3.1 General 3.1.1 The general requirements given in this Standard shall apply to all oil-burning equipment.

3.1.2 Should any requirement of an individual Standard in the CSA B140 series differ from any of these general requirements, that of the individual Standard shall rule.

3.1.3 Oil-burning equipment shall be designed and constructed so that (a) adequate provision is made for the safety of persons and property; (b) the equipment itself is adequately protected from mechanical and other damage to which it is likely to be exposed; and (c) with proper handling, the equipment may be expected to give reliable service.

3.2 Basis of Examination Oil-burning equipment shall be judged for (a) performance, which includes safety and reliability of operation (eg, starting-up, continuous operation at all fuel input ratings and heat output ratings, and shutting down) under normal conditions of installation and use, and also under such abnormal conditions that are likely to arise in service. The following characteristics and effects shall be investigated: (i) general performance and safety of operation (eg, characteristics as flame stability, incomplete combustion, carbon formation, smoke density, etc); (ii) ignition characteristics; (iii) safety control performance; (iv) temperature effects; and (v) abnormal conditions of draft, voltage, and fuel feed; Note: These test requirements apply to fuel units, burners, and/or pilots, where applicable. For a general outline of the test procedures, refer to Clause 7.

(b) mechanical hazards where operational failure might result in an unsafe condition such as (i) leakage or spillage of fuel oil; (ii) contact with moving parts; (iii) lack of physical stability; (iv) excessive corrosion; (v) structural failures; and (vi) leaking seams in combustion chambers and flue gas passages; (c) electrical hazards where operational failure might result in an unsafe condition; (d) quality of labour and design, where quality of labour and design shall meet a minimum standard in compliance with CSA Standards, where applicable; (e) serviceability and convenience of operation, where necessary, to ensure safety in use; (f) instructions and markings necessary to ensure safe and proper application and use, including fuel and control specifications, ratings, clearance markings, cautions, etc; and (g) installation and use and the suitability for installation and use in conformity with existing requirements. Note: When the equipment covered by this Standard and others in the B140 series is intended for installation in Canada, it should have construction features, markings, and instructions compatible with CSA Standard B139.

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3.3 Electrical Features The electrical features that are a part of, or are used in conjunction with, oil-burning equipment covered by the CSA B140 series of Standards shall meet the applicable requirements of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part II (C22.2 series of Standards), and in particular, CSA Standard C22.2 No. 3.

3.4 Equipment for Combination Fuels 3.4.1 Where the equipment is intended for operation with more than one type of fuel (eg, liquid, gas, or solid), the burner shall demonstrate the ability to operate safely and reliably when firing fuel oil. Note: Refer to the applicable CSA Standards for the requirements for the other fuel portions of combination fuel-burning equipment.

3.4.2 Where the design of the equipment permits changeover from fuel oil to another fuel, the changeover shall be reliable and shall result in safe and reliable operation when performed in accordance with the equipment manufacturer’s instructions.

3.4.3 Where the equipment is designed for simultaneous dual-fuel firing, the fuel supplies shall be interlocked to prevent the total input from exceeding the maximum rated input for fuel oil.

3.5 Methods of Assembly and Shipment 3.5.1 Each oil-burner assembly shall include all the component parts that are essential for safe and proper performance of the intended function when the equipment is correctly installed, except (a) accessories and components intended for use in conjunction with complete oil-burner assemblies; (b) assemblies of components intended for industrial applications (ie, partially assembled combination equipment for oil and gas fuels, industrial firing assemblies, etc); (c) assemblies of equipment intended for specific custom-designed field applications (ie, baking ovens, etc); or (d) where otherwise permitted by the individual Standards in the CSA B140 series.

3.5.2 The equipment, if not assembled by the manufacturer, shall be arranged in as few subassemblies as practicable. Each shall be capable of being incorporated readily into the final assembly, without requiring alterations, cutting, drilling, threading, welding, or similar tasks by the installer.

3.5.3 In the case of two or more subassemblies, each subassembly shall bear a definite relationship to the other(s) for the proper and safe operation of the equipment. These subassemblies shall be (a) arranged and constructed to allow and facilitate joining to the equipment without the need for alteration or adjustment, only in the correct relationship with each other; or (b) assembled, tested, and shipped from the factory as one element.

3.5.4 The various parts of the equipment shall be constructed and assembled in a manner to ensure adequate strength, rigidity, and durability. Note: The equipment should be suitably packed to prevent damage during shipment.

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3.5.5 Equipment intended for field assembly and/or field wiring shall fully comply with the additional requirements outlined in Clauses 5 and 6.

4. General Construction Requirements 4.1 General 4.1.1 The design and construction of oil-burning equipment and components shall comply with applicable requirements specified in the applicable Standards in the CSA B140 series.

4.1.2 The equipment shall be designed and constructed to be safe and reliable in operation.

4.1.3 The equipment shall be designed and constructed to afford convenient operation in compliance with the operating instructions (see Clause 6.2).

4.1.4 The design and construction of the equipment shall afford access to all those parts that require regular adjustment or service in the field. In addition to providing convenient access to all switches and related components requiring operation, adjustment, or readjustment, consideration shall also be given to providing adequate access for such service operations as the replacement of components (eg, filters) and the cleaning of parts (eg, soot removal on heating surfaces).

4.2 Materials 4.2.1 Materials used in oil-burning equipment shall be capable of satisfactorily performing the service intended.

4.2.2 All materials used in oil-burning equipment, including pipe, fittings, valves, joint materials, etc, shall be chemically resistant to the liquid handled.

4.2.3 All materials shall be of sufficient strength to withstand the anticipated operating conditions.

4.2.4 When made of metals, materials and component parts of the equipment through which fuel flows or in which fuel is retained shall be of nonporous, close-grained material. Such material shall be either corrosion-resistant (ie, corrosion-resistant for the intended service) or provided with a satisfactory permanent protective coating. Notes: (1) Aluminum may be used for conveying fuel, but not when intended for placement in a material deleterious to aluminum, or when subjected to excessive heat. (2) Parts made of or plated with cadmium are not suitable for contact with fuel oil.

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4.2.5 Materials and component parts of the equipment subjected to temperatures above room ambient 25EC (77EF) shall be capable of operating without warpage, distortion, excessive oxidation, or other failure. Note: See Clause 13 for a tabulation of the maximum permissible temperatures for various materials and components.

4.2.6 Neoprene, thiokol, saran, nylon, and other such nonmetallic materials shall be the subject of special investigation to determine their acceptability for the intended application.

4.2.7 Where subjected to fuel oil, gaskets and similar parts shall be of materials suitable for the intended service.

4.2.8 Where breakage would result in a hazard, glass shall not be used for conveying or retaining fuel oil. Note: Glass is not permitted for sediment bowls, but is permitted for a fuel gauge on an integral tank where the glass in such a gauge is situated above the fill opening of the tank.

4.2.9 Springs, bellows, diaphragms, valve seats and stems, and other mechanisms used in valves, fuel units, and similar components shall be of suitable material and construction to resist abrasion and corrosion as well as the effects of the intended operation.

4.2.10 When used as safety-related parts of operating mechanisms, zinc base die castings shall be capable of meeting the requirements of ASTM Standard B 86.

4.2.11 Drawn brass parts such as floats and tubing shall be capable of meeting the requirements of ASTM Standard B 154 (eg, shall withstand the requirements of the mercurous nitrate season cracking test).

4.2.12 The suitability of a specific material for an intended application shall be determined on the basis of a complete investigation of the material as applied. See also Clauses 7 and 13. Note: The following are examples of applications that should be investigated: (a) gaskets used for removable cleanouts (ie, resistance to tearing, etc); (b) seals for blower assemblies (ie, fire resistance, etc); (c) insulations and linings, and means for their secure attachment; and (d) bolts, screws, and similar fastening parts (ie, that might deteriorate and result in hazardous conditions or that might set up cracks or corrosion in heat exchangers).

4.3 Quality of Labour 4.3.1 All parts shall be constructed and finished uniformly.

4.3.2 Good quality of labour shall include (a) the removal of rough edges and burrs from all stampings, castings, machine parts, tubing and piping, where such would interfere with the proper assembly or functioning or cause injury; (b) well-made joints and fastenings; (c) well-made and leakproof joints and connections in all fuel lines; and (d) the proper machining, finishing, and fitting of working parts to ensure satisfactory operation. October 2003

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4.4 Component Parts 4.4.1 Component parts of oil-burning equipment shall be of types specifically approved for the use intended, or shall be investigated as an integral part of, and with the equipment.

4.4.2 The equipment shall include suitable means for the adjustment, support, and attachment of components requiring installation or adjustment in the field.

4.4.3 Components of the equipment designed to operate in only one orientation or location shall be clearly marked or otherwise identified.

4.5 Accessibility 4.5.1 The equipment shall be designed to discourage tampering by unauthorized persons.

4.5.2 Where unsafe operation may result from the adjustment of or entry to a part of the equipment (eg, air dampers, access panels, covers for controls, etc), such parts shall be designed to prevent ready accessibility. Knobs, handles, wing nuts and similar methods for adjusting and securing such parts are considered to provide ready accessibility and shall not be used unless suitable provision is made for locking such parts, or for preventing ready access to such parts. To discourage tampering, any adjustment of such a part or access to such parts shall require the use of a tool.

4.5.3 Parts of the equipment requiring occasional cleaning or adjustment shall be arranged in the assembly to permit ready accessibility, without involving undue possibility of fuel leakage and without inviting tampering by the user. Special facilities that are required for cleaning shall be supplied to the user with the equipment.

4.5.4 Where cleaning operations are to be performed by the operator, the arrangement of removable parts in the assembly shall be such that their restoration, following removal for cleaning, will not necessitate their readjustment to secure their proper relationship with other parts of the assembly.

4.5.5 Sufficient and reasonable accessibility shall be afforded to all parts of the equipment requiring normal servicing or adjustment, when the equipment is installed as intended.

4.5.6 The actuating means (eg, switches, levers, etc) of all safety controls, shut-off valves, and manual resets on motors shall be readily accessible to the operator from the exterior of the equipment, or from behind latched panels. Other components of the equipment requiring occasional service, such as fuel oil filters, air filters, and oiling cups for bearings, may be located in service compartments requiring the use of a tool or key to gain access. The instructions shall outline the means of access.

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4.5.7 Assembly parts, other than heat transfer surfaces that may cause injury through accidental contact, shall be protected.

4.6 Rigidity The rigidity and design of the assembly shall be such as to successfully resist reasonable external shocks encountered during shipment and installation, as well as under service conditions, without resulting in misalignment of, or damage to, parts of the assembly.

4.7 Means for Support 4.7.1 The equipment shall be provided with safe and adequate means for the support of the assembly, subassemblies, and components.

4.7.2 The equipment shall be stable when installed as intended, using the means of support provided by the equipment manufacturer.

4.8 Joining 4.8.1 The various parts of the equipment shall be properly assembled and joined by acceptable bolting, welding, brazing, or riveting of the parts together. Soft soldered joints, where permitted, shall be made mechanically secure before soldering.

4.8.2 Joints in heating surfaces shall be continuously welded, brazed, lock-seamed, machine slip joined, machined and bolted, threaded, or of rigid flanged construction tightly bolted together and enclosing gaskets.

4.8.3 Where a lock-seam joint used in heating surfaces is not continuous, as in corners or similar locations, it shall be made tight by brazing, welding, or other acceptable means. See Figure 1 for illustrations of some acceptable joints.

4.8.4 Fuel-handling parts of oil-burner equipment shall not be joined by solder or brazing materials that have a softening or melting point less than 540EC (1000EF).

4.9 Fuel Conveying System 4.9.1 The fuel conveying system shall be designed to reduce the formation of air pockets to a minimum.

4.9.2 A shut-off valve or equivalent means shall be provided in the fuel conveying system to minimize the discharge of fuel when removable components such as filter elements and cleanout plugs are removed for routine service or cleaning operations.

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4.9.3 Cleanout and drain openings in the fuel conveying system shall be closed by a standard tapered pipe plug or a suitably shouldered plug. Gaskets, if used, shall be suitable for the service intended.

4.10 Fuel Drains Drains in the form of siphons or lines, provided for draining fuel from sumps or combustion chambers into the ground, shall not be used.

4.11 Valves 4.11.1 Except where flange-type connections are used, inlet and outlet openings of valves shall be threaded in accordance with ANSI/ASME Standard B1.20.1.

4.11.2 Sufficient clearance shall be provided between the end of a pipe thread and projections inside the valve body.

4.11.3 Pipes, fittings, plugs, caps, etc, threaded into the valve body shall engage at least five full-cut threads.

4.11.4 “Stops”, if used to control the maximum settings of valves, shall be provided with means for securing their proper positions.

4.11.5 Stems shall be designed so that they cannot be backed out of the valve or into a stuffing box. Threads of stems shall not enter a stuffing box recess.

4.11.6 Means shall be provided to prevent fuel leakage along the stems of valves, except for valves located or arranged to prevent fuel leakage along the stem.

4.11.7 The investigation of any valve to determine compliance with Clause 4.11.6 shall include a study of the arrangement of the glands or seals used to prevent fuel leakage, and of the circumstances governing the intended application of the valve (eg, operating pressure, fluid handled, location, etc).

4.11.8 Valve bodies shall be made from a suitable metal not affected by the liquid handled. They shall be free from sand holes and similar imperfections likely to permit leakage.

4.11.9 Moving parts and their bearings, and valves and their seats, shall be of suitable material. Note: Stainless steel may bear or seat against steel parts.

4.11.10 Nylon valve seats and other such nonmetallic materials shall be the subject of special investigation to determine their acceptability.

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4.11.11 The design and fabrication of valve stems, guides, and seats shall be the subject of special investigation to ensure continuously positive and reliable operation. Note: Such investigations may include extensive cycles of operation under simulated use.

4.11.12 The valve stem shall be made from a metal not affected by the liquid handled, and shall possess sufficient strength to prevent it from being twisted off or distorted by normal operation.

4.11.13 All joints between liquid handling parts of valves shall be seating surfaces suitable for fuel oil.

4.11.14 Valves used for manual control of shut-off shall be of the rotating stem type or the equivalent.

4.11.15 “Stop valves” or petcocks shall not be used where possible leakage from such valves would result in a safety or environmental hazard. Note: For example, a petcock may be applied to a trailer heater where the valve body is located directly over a drip pan that drains to the outside of the trailer.

4.12 Fuel Piping and Tubing 4.12.1 General 4.12.1.1 The ends of all fuel piping and tubing shall be finished.

4.12.1.2 Fuel piping and tubing shall have an inside diameter not less than 1.5 mm (1/16 in) when used for pressure-feed fuel lines; or not less than 5.5 mm (7/32 in) when used for gravity-feed fuel lines.

4.12.1.3 All thread body materials and design shall be suitable for the use intended.

4.12.1.4 Fuel piping or tubing having a wall thickness less than that specified in Table 1, or of different materials, shall be the subject of special investigation to determine its acceptability for the intended application.

4.12.1.5 Piping, tubing, and fittings in contact with fuel oil shall not be cadmium-plated.

4.12.1.6 Fuel piping and tubing fittings shall be of a suitable type. An acceptable joint dressing shall be used where needed.

4.12.2 Fuel Piping 4.12.2.1 Fuel pipe shall be standard strength and weight steel, copper, brass, or aluminum pipe.

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4.12.2.2 Aluminum piping shall not be used when exposed to heat, or when the piping is covered or embedded in a material deleterious to aluminum. Note: Alkaline materials such as concrete and cement and certain other materials such as salts are deleterious to aluminum.

4.12.2.3 Steel pipe shall conform to the requirements of ASTM Standard A 53. Aluminum pipe or tubing shall conform to the requirements of ASTM Standard B 210, B 234, or B 241. Copper pipe or tubing shall conform to the requirements of ASTM Standard B 68, B 75, or B 302. Brass pipe or tubing shall conform to the requirements of ASTM Standard B 43, B 135, or B 315.

4.12.2.4 The pipe for fuel lines shall be of such size and arrangement that there will be no air traps or air pockets to interfere with the operation of the burner.

4.12.2.5 All pipe and threaded openings in castings shall be threaded in accordance with ANSI/ASME Standard B1.20.1.

4.12.2.6 The faces of flanged pipe joints, where used, shall be finished flat and smooth. Gaskets used to seal flanged joints shall be of suitable noncombustible material (ie, mineral material).

4.12.3 Fuel Tubing 4.12.3.1 The tubing shall be of a type suitable for the service intended. Seamless drawn steel, brass, copper, or aluminum tubing are acceptable.

4.12.3.2 Aluminum tubing shall not be used when exposed to heat, or when it is covered by, embedded in, or in contact with a material deleterious to aluminum. Note: Alkaline materials such as concrete and cement and certain other materials such as salts are deleterious to aluminum.

4.12.3.3 For steel tubing, if the wall thickness is 0.88 mm (0.035 in) or less, the steel tubing shall be suitably protected to resist corrosion.

4.12.3.4 The diameter and the wall thickness of the tubing employed in the fabrication of factory-assembled equipment shall be suitable for the application. See Table 1 for guidance in the selection of suitable wall thicknesses. Note: The investigation of the tubing to determine its suitability will be based on such factors as the degree of forming, the adaptability of fittings, etc.

4.12.3.5 The location and arrangement of the tubing and connections shall ensure protection from mechanical damage.

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4.12.3.6 All bends in tubing shall be smooth, free of kinking and twisting, and free of flattening that would interfere with the operation of the burner.

4.12.4 Flexible Hose 4.12.4.1 Flexible hose of the metallic and nonmetallic types, where used for conveying fuel oil, shall be the subject of special investigation. Fittings used with flexible hose shall be factory-assembled to the hose.

4.12.4.2 Flexible fuel oil lines shall be acceptable without additional investigation provided that (a) the arrangement is such that oil will not flow from the tank in the event of line failure; (b) should the line fail, the response of a safety control would cause the oil flow to cease; (c) the line is oil-resistant, having adequate pressure rating and durability; and (d) the line is protected to a reasonable degree against the possibility of accidental mechanical damage.

4.13 Application of Safety Controls 4.13.1 Each oil-burner assembly shall be provided with suitable safety controls. The controls to be provided with each assembly shall include a primary control and any other safety controls that may be required to provide for safe operation of the equipment, (eg, limit controls).

4.13.2 All safety controls shall be designed and arranged to ensure safe and reliable operation of the equipment to which they are applied. Note: For “safe and reliable operation” under both normal and abnormal operating conditions, refer to the individual Standards in the CSA B140 series for a description of the operating conditions that apply.

4.13.3 Safety controls, or the safety circuits of controls, shall be designed and arranged in the equipment for the exclusive purpose of safety control. Separate controls, or circuits of controls, shall be provided to control regular equipment operation.

4.13.4 The primary safety control (eg, combustion safety control, antiflooding device) shall be provided as a part of the oil-burner assembly, and shall be of a type that is suitable for use with the particular class and size of equipment.

4.13.5 Each boiler or pressure vessel forming part of an oil-burner assembly shall be equipped with a suitable pressure-relief safety valve, except as specified in Clause 4.13.7.

4.13.6 Pressure-relief safety valves shall comply with the requirements of CSA Standard B51.

4.13.7 Pressure-relief safety valves shall not be required for domestic water heaters that incorporate vaporizing-type burners and that are covered by CSA Standard B140.3.

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4.13.8 Each steam heating boiler shall be provided with a suitable safety control, which shall operate to shut off the burner in the event of low water level in the boiler. Note: It is recommended that hot water heating boilers be provided with the low water protection required for steam boilers. Alternatively, the equivalent protection for hot water boilers may be provided by a pressure limit control that opens the electric circuit when there is a drop in water pressure or a loss of water head.

4.13.9 No valves or obstructions shall be installed in the connection between a safety control and the heating medium of the appliance with which the control is being used.

4.13.10 Each complete oil-burner assembly shall include as a part of the assembly suitable means for complete fuel shut-off. Note: The fuel shut-off device may be incorporated as part of a component, such as a fuel unit, provided that the device also functions to prevent the accumulation of fuel within the burner or the combustion chamber.

4.13.11 The shut-off device required by Clause 4.13.10 shall be positive and reliable in operation, and shall be located in the fuel supply system of the assembly.

4.13.12 Valves used for fuel shut-off shall meet the requirements specified in Clause 4.11.

4.13.13 Safety controls intended to prevent unsafe operation of heating equipment by opening an electrical circuit to the burner or to the shut-off device shall be arranged to effect direct opening of that circuit, whether the switching mechanism is integral with the sensing element or remote from same. Note: The purpose of this requirement is to prevent other controls from interposing in the limit control circuit, where their failure could create one of the unsafe conditions that the limit control is designed to prevent. However, a limit control may interrupt the pilot circuit of a magnetic-type motor controller which in turn directly opens the safety circuit, when it is necessary to interrupt the single-phase circuit carrying a load greater than the capacity of available limit controls, or to interrupt the multiphase circuit.

4.13.14 The power supplies to safety limit controls and to electronic control circuits shall be independent of each other.

4.13.15 Additional safety controls that may be required for a particular class of equipment shall be provided as part of the oil-burner assembly, unless permitted to be incorporated at installation.

4.13.16 Where safety controls are permitted to be incorporated at installation, such controls shall be installed in accordance with CSA Standard B139. The instructions shall indicate this requirement.

4.13.17 The arrangement of the safety controls shall provide safe operation in general and in particular under the following conditions: (a) where one oil-burner assembly is adapted to firing more than one type of fuel or fuel grade; (b) where more than one burner is fired in a single combustion chamber; or (c) where one burner is adapted to firing two or more combustion chambers.

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4.13.18 The design, construction, and test of safety controls shall comply with the requirements of Clause 8.

4.13.19 Appliances having a burner mounted on a hinged door that may be readily opened for inspection of the oil burner shall be provided with a suitable safety device that prevents the burner from firing when the door is opened.

4.14 Application of Fuel Oil Filters 4.14.1 A primary filter shall be used in the fuel system of each oil-burner assembly. Notes: (1) For the purpose of these requirements, the term (a) “filter” is synonymous with the term “strainer”, which has sometimes been used to designate this type of device; (b) “primary filter” describes the basic protective filter element of the fuel system; and (c) “auxiliary filter” describes any filtering device in the fuel system that is supplementary to the primary filter. (2) Auxiliary filter elements may also be required in the fuel system at orifices, nozzles, etc.

4.14.2 Valves and openings forming a part of antiflooding devices shall be protected by a primary filter in accordance with the requirements of CSA Standard B140.1. The filter shall form an integral part of the antiflooding device.

4.14.3 Fuel-atomizing nozzles shall be protected by an auxiliary filter as required by CSA Standard CAN/CSA-B140.2.1. Note: The term “auxiliary filter” describes any filtering device in the fuel system that is supplementary to the primary filter.

4.14.4 Auxiliary filters shall be used to protect flat valves, metering valves, and safety valves if, following the primary filter, any iron pipe or other fuel conduit is used that is likely to put scale in the fuel.

4.14.5 A filter shall not permit the passage of particles having any dimension greater than the effective minor dimension of the orifice being protected. See also Clause 9.

4.14.6 The capacity of a filter, when applied to a particular oil-burner assembly, shall not impose an excessive pressure drop when the equipment is operated at the maximum firing rate using the heaviest grade of fuel oil recommended for the equipment (see also Clause 9). Note: An excessive pressure drop is a restriction that prevents a burner from safely and reliably attaining the maximum firing rate.

4.14.7 When two primary filters are installed in series instead of a single primary filter, the filters shall be approximately equivalent in size and the total effective element or rated capacity shall be 1.4 times that required for a single filter.

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4.14.8 A filter shall be so applied that no air will be trapped therein to affect the flow rate to the equipment, or to reduce the effective area of the filter element.

4.14.9 A filter installed following means to maintain a constant head-pressure shall be so designed and applied that no air will be trapped therein to affect the head-pressure.

4.14.10 The design, construction, and test of fuel oil filters, including their elements and housings, shall comply with the requirements of Clause 9.

4.15 Application of Draft Regulators A draft regulator shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Clause 10 and shall be provided when required by CSA Standard B139.

4.16 Application of Dampers When integral parts of an oil-fired appliance, dampers shall be applied so as to function in accordance with CSA Standard B139.

4.17 Pressure-Relief Ports Pressure-relief ports or openings are optional. If used on an appliance, a pressure-relief port or opening shall conform to the requirements of the Standard for that appliance.

5. General Marking Requirements 5.1 Methods of Providing the Basic Markings 5.1.1 The basic markings shall be permanent, as evidenced by the marking being (a) suitable for the anticipated service conditions (eg, capable of withstanding the effects of temperature, moisture, fuel oil, abrasion, etc, as applicable); (b) located on a permanent metal part of the equipment or a separate metal nameplate permanently attached; (c) etched, anographed, die-stamped or indented, embossed, or suitably lithographed; and (d) clearly and permanently legible. Note: Further information concerning the acceptable use and application of specific types of nameplates (eg, adhesivebacked foil plates), may be obtained from the testing agency. Consideration is also given to the nature of the mounting surface and the type of finish, the ambient temperature conditions, the effects of fuel oil on adhesives, etc.

5.1.2 The basic markings shall be readily visible on the appliance when the appliance has been installed as intended.

5.1.3 The basic markings shall be on a permanent part of the appliance not normally removed for servicing. Note: The basic marking may be located on fixed panels inside service compartments closed by latched doors, but not on removable doors themselves, or behind panels or doors requiring the use of a tool or key to gain access.

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5.1.4 Marking cautions concerning equipment operation shall be located where readily visible to the operator when performing the operation.

5.2 Details of the Basic Markings The basic markings shall include at least the following: (a) manufacturer’s name, trade name, or other recognized symbol of the manufacturer; (b) the model number of the complete equipment; (c) the maximum input (or range of inputs where applicable), in suitable units; (d) the maximum output, in suitable units, where applicable; (e) the heaviest type(s) of fuel oil(s), where applicable; (f) the electrical ratings, where applicable; and (g) additional markings and cautions required for a specific type of equipment, including starting up, operating, and shutting down, where applicable. Refer to the applicable Standards in the CSA B140 series for further details concerning marking requirements for specific types of oil-burning equipment and components. Note: Separate components and subassemblies intended for application to an oil-burner assembly need not require permanent marking if the basic marking on the assembly is considered adequate for identification of the equipment and components. Ink-stamp markings, etc, may be accepted for such components.

5.3 Supplementary Markings Supplementary markings that indicate installation clearances and location information shall be provided on all unit-type equipment. The clearance and location marking may be combined with the marking details specified in Clause 5.2 or may be separate, provided that the supplementary markings are adjacent to the basic markings. The clearance and location marking for stationary equipment that is intended for permanent installation may be given on a paper label or the equivalent.

6. General Instruction Requirements 6.1 General 6.1.1 Operating instructions, installation instructions, and service manuals shall (a) be provided; (b) be clear and concise; (c) be suitably printed on cardboard or in booklet form on paper (instructions for certain equipment such as oil-burning stoves and room heaters may be on a paper sheet if suitably enclosed in an identified envelope); (d) include the model or type designation of the appliance covered by the instructions; (e) include the name of the manufacturer or listee; (f) include the testing agency’s logo and/or name; and (g) include the issue date for the instructions or service manual.

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6.1.2.2 The installation and operating instructions accepted by the testing agency shall bear the acceptance mark (logo) of that agency. Note: The testing agency may permit subsequently amended installation and operating instructions to be issued under their logo if the originally approved content or intent remains.

6.1.3 Instructions shipped with the equipment shall be located during the shipment so that they will be readily available, and in good condition, when the equipment is unpacked and/or readied for installation.

6.2 Operating Instructions 6.2.1 Operating instructions shall be provided with each oil-burner assembly.

6.2.2 The operating instructions shall be adequate to furnish the owner or operator with a basic understanding of the required operational procedure. Particular emphasis shall be placed upon those Clauses that might be considered as relating to basic safety.

6.2.3 The operating instructions (including location information and caution) for all portable or mobile equipment shall be located on the equipment in a permanent manner similar to the procedures outlined for marking in Clause 5.

6.2.4 Except where otherwise permitted or required for routine cleaning or maintenance by other Standards in the CSA B140 series, the operating instructions shall not include information that would encourage undue tampering with the equipment, or outline operations that should only be performed by a qualified serviceman.

6.3 Installation Instructions and/or Service Manuals 6.3.1 Detailed installation instructions, a service manual, or both shall be made available to all installers and dealers.

6.3.2 The installation instructions, service manual, or both shall outline a satisfactory standard procedure for installing or servicing the appliance or equipment.

6.3.3 The installation instructions, service manual, or both shall contain any special information required for safe and correct installation.

6.3.4 The contents of the installation instructions, service manual, or both shall be such that the equipment can be installed, operated, and serviced satisfactorily by the testing agency when following the instructions.

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6.3.5 Information shall be given for properly installing the required control devices, components, and auxiliary equipment such as fuel pumps, preheaters, etc, when not factory-assembled on the burner. The installation instructions, service manual, or both shall contain at least the following applicable information: (a) a wording equivalent to the following in the forepart: “THE INSTALLATION OF THE EQUIPMENT SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REGULATION OF AUTHORITIES HAVING JURISDICTION AND CSA STANDARD B139”; (b) adequate information for the complete installation of the equipment; (c) the range of firing rates or input capacities for each model or type, in suitable units; (d) the heaviest type and/or range of fuel oil(s) for each model or type; (e) such field erection and wiring instructions, together with installation location information, as will be required; (f) wiring instructions, preferably supplemented by suitable diagrams; (g) all individual parts required for the assembly of the device readily identified, or a suitable drawing provided; (h) the recommended installation location, including all required clearances (from walls, ceilings, etc), and the type of floor on which appliance or equipment may be installed; and (i) the type of controls if not integrally assembled with the appliance or equipment (ie, field-applied controls).

6.4 Instructions for Separate Components and Accessories Where required to ensure safe and proper installation and use, separate components, accessories, and subassemblies of oil-burning equipment shall be provided with suitable instructions. Note: For further information concerning this requirement, refer to other Clauses of this Standard and other Standards in the CSA B140 series.

7. General Test Requirements 7.1 General Performance Tests 7.1.1 The testing of oil-burning equipment and components shall comply with the requirements specified in the applicable Standards in the CSA B140 series, in addition to the requirements and procedures specified in Clauses 7.1.2 to 7.11 and in the other referenced Clauses in this Standard.

7.1.2 The tests to be applied to a particular product or device, or to a related group of products, shall be (a) based upon the anticipated conditions of application and use; and (b) sufficient to ensure that the product or device is capable of safe and reliable operation when applied and used as intended.

7.1.3 The performance of the equipment under anticipated normal conditions of ignition and operation shall be safe and reliable when the equipment is fired at all rated fuel inputs, or over the full operating range (ie, where a range of input is specified as may occur in modulating equipment) of the equipment when using the recommended fuel oil grades (see also Clause 7.1.6). When the equipment is installed as specified by the manufacturer and tested, there shall be (a) no carbonization; (b) no measurable smoke;

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minimal gaseous products of incomplete combustion; no delayed ignition or puffbacks; no excessive temperatures; excessive oxidation or scaling, warpage; or any other phenomena that would result in unsafe performance.

Notes: (1) The test requirements specified in the various Standards in the CSA B140 series are in many instances inter-dependent, and the acceptance of equipment is to be based upon its ability to meet all of the applicable requirements specified. (2) For the purpose of interpreting the requirements of Clause 7.1.3, examples of excessive carbonization include (a) coking or cracking of oil that results in undue reduction of fuel consumption; (b) obstruction at the fuel inlet of vaporizing burners; (c) obstruction at the nozzle(s) of atomizing burners; (d) failure of pilot flames resulting from blockage; (e) “carbon-bridging” across electrode tips; and (f) coke formations between components of the burner and the combustion chamber or zone. (3) No measurable smoke is indicated by a Bacharach smoke spot number less than 1. (4) Oxidation and scaling are usually related to excessively high or low flue-gas or metal temperature.

7.1.4 The effects of anticipated abnormal conditions shall be investigated, and shall not result in hazardous operation of the equipment, or in deleterious effects to the materials and components of the equipment. The abnormal operating test conditions shall include, where applicable, the effects of (a) abnormal voltages (eg, from 75% to 110% of rated line voltage); (b) abnormal oil feed pressures (eg, from 70% to 125% of rated pressure); (c) abnormal drafts (eg, from 50% to 200% of normal or specified), including the performance of draft regulators where applicable; (d) electric power failure; (e) combustion air failure, where mechanical or ducted air supply is used; (f) restricted or blocked circulation of the heated medium (eg, blocked air-inlet, restricted discharge, etc). Note: Refer to the applicable Standards in the CSA B140 series for the various abnormal test requirements that apply to a particular type of equipment.

7.1.5 If defects begin to become evident, tests additional to those specified shall be performed to determine whether such defects would result in unsafe conditions of operation. Note: Such additional tests may consist of extensive “on-off” cycles of operation for the equipment.

7.1.6 The fuel oil used for tests shall conform to the requirements for the particular type as specified in CGSB Standard CAN/CGSB-3.2. Kerosene shall conform to CGSB Standard CAN/CGSB-3.3.

7.1.7 For the purpose of all tests, component assemblies such as burners and controls regularly supplied by the manufacturer, or specified for use with the equipment, shall be in their designed positions.

7.1.8 For the purpose of all tests (eg, fuel input, draft, percentage CO2, flame appearance, air-fuel ratio, etc), equipment shall be installed and adjusted in accordance with the equipment manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations.

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7.1.9 Heating surfaces, flues, vent connectors, and chimneys shall be clean and free from soot and dust at the beginning of the tests. All vent connections that may result in the introduction of unwanted air into the flue gases shall be sealed.

7.1.10 The instrumentation and general methods of testing shall be in accordance with the procedures specified in this Standard, and with the applicable procedures outlined in the applicable Standards in the CSA B140 series.

7.2 Combustion Tests 7.2.1 The combustion shall be stable and complete at all rated fuel inputs over the full operating range of the equipment, under anticipated operating conditions. Notes: (1) The combustion tests apply to the complete range of rated inputs or over the entire “turndown” ratio of equipment intended for variable and/or modulating operation. (2) For the purpose of interpreting the requirement of Clause 7.2.1, stable and complete combustion may be evidenced by (a) the absence of excessive smoke in the flue gases; (b) the absence of excessive concentrations of carbon monoxide; (c) the absence of noticeable quantities of hydrocarbons; (d) the absence of unburned oil (eg, no yellow colouration of smoke spots). In the case of an appliance designed to burn used oil, there may be a yellow colouration on the filter paper as a result of constituents in the flue gas, other than unburned oil, that may discolour the filter paper; (e) the absence of consistent pulsation and flame-noise; (f) consistency of oil consumption; (g) consistency of products in flue-gas analysis.

7.2.2 The combustion shall be investigated by conducting an appropriate analysis of the flue gases at selected input values, to determine the quantities of smoke, carbon dioxide (CO 2), oxygen (O2), and carbon monoxide (CO), as well as the flue-gas temperature.

7.2.3 The procedure for analysis and the methods of instrumentation and measurement shall comply with the requirements of Clause 7.3.

7.3 Procedures for Analysis and Instrumentation 7.3.1 General The general procedures for analysis and methods of instrumentation and measurement shall conform to the applicable requirements specified in Clause 12.

7.3.2 Smoke Density 7.3.2.1 The amount of smoke in the flue gases (the smoke density) shall be determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Clause 15.

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7.3.2.2 The maximum smoke density shall not exceed that corresponding to the smoke spot number permitted in the applicable CSA B140 series Standard.

7.3.2.3 In the absence of an applicable CSA B140 series Standard for the equipment being considered, the maximum smoke density, at steady state, shall not exceed that corresponding to a No. 2 Bacharach smoke spot.

7.3.2.4 There shall be no evidence of unburned oil (ie, colouration that is characteristic of the oil) in the smoke spot sample. In the case of an appliance designed to burn used oil, there may be a yellow, yellowbrown, or black colouration on the filter paper as a result of constituents in the flue gas, other than unburned oil that may discolour the filter paper.

7.3.3 Flue-Gas Temperature 7.3.3.1 The flue-gas temperature shall be determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Clause 14.

7.3.3.2 The maximum flue-gas temperature shall not exceed that permitted in the applicable CSA B140 series Standard. In the absence of a specific value for maximum flue-gas temperature of equipment in the appropriate Standard, the flue gas temperature shall not exceed 400EC (750EF) (total), based on an ambient temperature of 25EC (77EF) except for specialized industrial processing equipment (eg, high-heat appliances).

7.3.3.3 The minimum flue gas temperature shall be not less than that permitted in the applicable CSA B140 series Standard. In the absence of a specific value for minimum flue-gas temperature of equipment in the appropriate Standard, the flue-gas temperature shall be not less than 150EC (300EF) (total), when the equipment is intended for use with chimneys or chimney vents (flues) that conform to CSA Standard B139 and are dependent on natural draft.

7.3.4 Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and Carbon Monoxide 7.3.4.1 The volumetric percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and carbon monoxide (CO) shall be determined in accordance with the procedures specified in Clause 12.

7.3.4.2 The maximum amount of CO (volumetric-percentage basis) in the flue gases at steady state shall not exceed that permitted in the applicable CSA B140 series Standard.

7.3.4.3 In the absence of a specific value for maximum CO in the flue gases of equipment in the appropriate Standard, and when applicable, the amount of CO shall not exceed 0.04% by volume under stoichiometric air-free conditions. When excessive dilution may occur, as in direct-fired unvented industrial heaters, the amount of CO shall not exceed 0.01% by volume.

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7.3.5 Chimney and Over-fire Draft 7.3.5.1 Chimney draft shall be determined in accordance with the procedure specified in Clause 14.

7.3.5.2 The values of chimney draft used for test purposes shall conform to the applicable limiting values specified in the applicable CSA B140 series Standard.

7.3.5.3 Over-fire draft shall be determined at a suitable location in the equipment that is acceptable to the testing agency.

7.3.5.4 In the absence of an applicable CSA B140 series Standard for the equipment under consideration, and where applicable, the limits of chimney or over-fire draft, or both, shall be determined by the testing agency.

7.4 Simulated Life Test 7.4.1 Test Requirement Where the durability of the design or material of a combustion chamber is unproven, the heating appliance shall be subjected to a simulated life test as specified in Clause 7.4.2 without evidence of failure of the combustion chamber.

7.4.2 Test Procedure 7.4.2.1 The firing rate shall be the maximum rate specified for the appliance and shall be determined while the appliance is hot.

7.4.2.2 The combustion air blower of the burner shall run continuously.

7.4.2.3 The appliance shall be fired for 8000 cycles by opening and closing the fuel valve. One firing cycle shall consist of 5 min on and 5 min off.

7.4.2.4 The media to be heated shall be continuously circulated throughout the appliance.

7.5 Simulated Endurance Test A simulated endurance test consisting of 100 h of continuous operation shall be conducted on an oilburning appliance that may be used in a continuous manner or is marked to indicate that it can be used in a continuous manner. The test shall be conducted at the maximum rated fuel input, and there shall be no evidence of failure within the appliance or the surrounding jacket or casing. Note: An appliance may bear additional marking that indicates compliance, (eg, “FOR CONTINUOUS DUTY”).

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7.6 Control Performance Tests 7.6.1 Safety Controls 7.6.1.1 The equipment shall include provision for all such safety controls, in accordance with the applicable Standard, as are required to ensure continued safe and reliable equipment operation as demonstrated by test.

7.6.1.2 The investigation of the safety controls shall ensure full compliance with the requirements of the applicable CSA B140 series Standards. See also (a) Clause 8 for general test requirements related to safety controls; (b) CSA Standard CAN/CSA-B140.2.1 for the test requirements for combustion safety controls; and (c) CSA Standard B140.1 for the test requirements for antiflooding devices.

7.6.1.3 All safety controls and control systems shall be investigated to ensure that they afford safe and reliable equipment operation. Safety control applications to be investigated shall include, when applicable: (a) primary safety controls (eg, combustion safety controls and antiflooding devices); (b) pressure and temperature limit controls; (c) combustion air switches; (d) interlocks on hinged firing heads of burners; (e) door interlocks, tilting interlocks, rotary interlocks, etc; (f) pressure safety switch on steam cleaners; (g) low liquid level controls on boilers; and (h) over-fire draft controls and automatic dampers.

7.6.2 Operating Controls All operating controls shall be investigated to ensure that they do not interfere with safe equipment operation.

7.6.3 Gas Pilot Ignition Controls When a gas pilot is used, the control performance and ignition safety characteristics shall be investigated under minimum pilot-flame conditions.

7.7 Temperature Tests 7.7.1 General Temperature tests shall be conducted to determine the normal operating temperatures for all parts of the equipment, including components and the temperatures on the surrounding combustibles, when the equipment is installed and operated in accordance with the equipment manufacturer’s instructions or recommendations. Note: For a particular type of equipment, refer to the applicable CSA B140 series Standards.

7.7.2 Maximum Temperature Limits The maximum temperatures attained shall not exceed the applicable limits specified in Clause 13. Note: Additional information concerning appropriate temperature test procedures may be found in Clause 13, and also in various applicable CSA B140 series Standards.

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7.7.3 Clearances and Installation For the purpose of the temperature tests, the clearance to surrounding combustibles and the installation of the equipment shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. See also Clause 5.3. Notes: (1) See CSA Standard B139 for standard installation clearances and other information related to equipment installation. (2) For a particular type of equipment, refer to the applicable CSA B140 series Standards.

7.8 Continuity of Operation All oil-fired appliances intended for heating purposes shall be capable of continuous operation at maximum input rating(s) without the safety limit control(s) functioning, either completely or intermittently, to shut off or reduce the fuel input.

7.9 Pressure Tests 7.9.1 Fuel Oil Piping, Fittings, and Valves All fuel oil piping, tubing, fittings, and valves of oil-burning equipment shall be subjected to suitable hydrostatic pressure tests.

7.9.2 Pressure Vessels All pressure vessels and similar parts that form a part of oil-burning equipment shall be subjected to suitable hydrostatic pressure tests, as outlined in the applicable CSA Standard.

7.9.3 Gas Piping and Fittings When applicable, all gas piping, tubing, fittings, and valves used on oil-burning equipment (eg, for gas pilots) shall be subjected to suitable tests to ensure gas-tightness. See the appropriate requirements and test procedures specified in CSA Standard CAN/CSA-B149.1.

7.10 Component Tests All components of oil-burning equipment shall be subjected to the appropriate tests specified in the applicable Standards in the CSA B140 series.

7.11 Electrical Tests The electrical features shall be tested for compliance with CSA Standard C22.2 No. 3.

8. Construction and Test of Safety Controls 8.1 General 8.1.1 The construction and test of safety controls shall comply with the applicable requirements of Clause 8.1.2 to 8.4. Note: Refer to Clause 4.13 for requirements governing the application of safety controls.

8.1.2 Set screws, machine screws, nuts, and other similar parts by means of which final adjustment of safety controls are made in the factory, shall be suitably sealed against tampering (eg, by use of wax, etc) before shipment from the factory. Such parts, by means of which adjustments of the safety controls are made when the appliance is installed, shall also be suitably protected against tampering.

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8.1.3 The mechanical linkage between the sensing element and the operating mechanism (eg, switch) of a safety control shall be designed in such a manner that the intended action through the linkage is positive and reliable.

8.1.4 Where the failure of components (such as elements, springs, levers, diaphragms, or bellows) incorporated in a safety control could result in unsafe operation of the equipment, such components shall be the subject of special investigation to determine their acceptability for the application. The investigation of such components shall include extensive cycles of component operation under anticipated conditions of application and use (eg, temperature, pressure, etc) without evidence of failure. Notes: (1) The cycling test may be applied to a number of selected random samples. (2) Safety controls should be designed so that component failure cannot result in unsafe operation (ie, designs should be “fail-safe”).

8.1.5 Safety controls that incorporate electrical features shall comply with the requirements of the applicable Standards of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part II (C22.2 series), including CSA Standards C22.2 No. 24 and CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 199. Note: The requirements for the electrical features of many types of safety controls are given in CSA Standard C22.2 No. 24 and combustion safety controls and solid-state igniters are covered in CSA Standard CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 199.

8.1.6 Safety controls that incorporate electrical features shall be designed to shut down the burner when the potential of the power supply is insufficient for proper operation of the burner or the control.

8.1.7 Safety controls designed to operate in the electrical power circuits of a burner shall (a) be designed and constructed to open circuit on electrical power failure; and (b) not recycle on restoration of the electric power until normal starting conditions exist. Note: The recycling of such controls may be automatic or may follow manual readjustment of the control.

8.1.8 Safety controls (and their sensing elements, where applicable) shall be mounted in their intended position in a rigid and permanent manner.

8.1.9 Safety controls that must be installed and maintained in a definite position shall be designed and arranged, if moved from this position, to prevent hazardous operation of the burner.

8.1.10 Where a safety control is to be mounted in the field, suitable instructions shall accompany each control to clearly indicate the methods of installation.

8.2 Safety Limit Controls 8.2.1 Safety limit controls shall be designed to limit the temperature or pressure of the heated medium to a safety maximum when installed as intended.

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8.2.2 Safety limit controls shall be designed to comply with the requirements of Clause 8.1.2. Unless suitably sealed, safety limit controls shall not be readily adjustable, without the use of special tools, beyond the safe maximum limits established for the furnace, boiler, or heater.

8.2.3 The safety limit control used with a warm air furnace shall (a) be of a type that is or can be mounted directly on the furnace or the furnace bonnet; and (b) function to prevent an outlet air temperature in excess of 120EC (250EF) when installed as intended.

8.2.4 The safety limit control used with a hot water heating boiler shall be of the immersion type, and of a type that is or can be mounted directly on the boiler or at the outlet. When installed as intended such a control shall function to prevent the temperature of the water at or near the outlet in (a) an “open-system” from exceeding 105EC (220EF); or (b) a “closed-system” from exceeding 120EC (250EF). Note: Immersion-type limit controls are the type that make direct contact with the heated water or are mounted in a well, either in the boiler or at the outlet. Limit controls that are mounted in contact with the boiler or the boiler piping are not recognized by this Standard as providing the protection required by Clause 8.2.4.

8.2.5 The safety limit control used with a hot water heater shall be of a type that is or can be mounted directly on the water storage tank, or at the outlet of a tankless water heater. When installed as intended, such a control shall function to prevent the temperature of the water from exceeding 99EC (210EF).

8.2.6 The safety limit control used with a steam heating boiler shall be of a type that is or can be mounted directly on the boiler. When installed as intended, this control shall function to prevent (a) the gauge pressure in a low pressure steam boiler from exceeding 100 kPa (15 lb/in2); or (b) the pressure in a high pressure steam boiler from exceeding the design working pressure of the boiler.

8.3 Primary Safety Controls The design and test of primary safety controls (eg, combustion safety controls and antiflooding devices), shall comply with the requirements of the applicable CSA B140 series Standard. See also (a) CSA Standard CAN/CSA-B140.2.1 for the test requirements for combustion safety controls; and (b) CSA Standard B140.1 for the test requirements for antiflooding devices.

8.4 Pressure-Relief Safety Valve The design, construction, and marking of a pressure-relief valve shall conform with the applicable requirements of CSA Standard B51.

8.5 Blocked Vent Shut-off System 8.5.1 General Equipment complying with the requirements of Clause 19 shall be excluded from the requirements of Clause 8.5.

8.5.2 Construction Each appliance shall be equipped with a blocked vent shut-off system designed to shut off the burner in the event that the venting system is totally blocked. The blocked vent shut-off system shall be of the single use or manual reset type. October 2003

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8.5.3 Performance When tested according to Clause 8.5.3, the burner to the appliance shall shut off if the appliance is called upon to operate when the vent to which it is connected is totally blocked.

8.5.4 Test Procedure This test shall be conducted at the manufacturer’s specified minimum clearances. The burner shall be operated continuously for a sufficient period of time at the normal input ratings using the appropriate configuration (see Figures 4 to 6) with a sufficient length of vertical vent pipe attached to provide a total height of 1500 mm (5 ft) measured from the flue collar to the top of the vertical pipe. The burner shall be operated until equilibrium conditions are attained. The outlet of the vent pipe shall be completely blocked and the time for the burner to be shut off by the blocked vent system shall not exceed 10 min.

9. Construction and Test of Fuel Oil Filters 9.1 General 9.1.1 The construction and test of fuel oil filters, including primary and auxiliary filters, and their elements and housings, shall comply with the applicable requirements of Clause 9.1.2 to 9.4. Notes: (1) For the purpose of these requirements, the term (a) “filter” as used in this Standard is considered synonymous with the term “strainer”, which has sometimes been used to designate this type of device; (b) “primary filter” as used in this Standard describes the basic protective filter element of the fuel system (c) “auxiliary filter” as used in this Standard describes any filtering device in the fuel system that is supplementary to the primary filter (2) Auxiliary filter elements may also be required in the fuel system at orifices, nozzles, etc. (3) See Clause 4.14 for requirements governing the application of fuel oil filters.

9.1.2 All fuel oil filters, except those used with atomizing nozzles, shall be designed to permit the ready removal and replacement of the element without disconnecting the fuel line or disturbing any part of the equipment.

9.1.3 The force necessary to gain access to a filter, or to remove the element, shall not permanently distort the filter assembly as installed on the equipment.

9.1.4 The acceptability of primary filter units intended for interchangeability shall be based on examination and tests conducted to ensure compliance with the applicable requirements given in this Standard.

9.1.5 When the filter unit is a separate accessory (eg, does not form an integral part of an assembly or a device such as a valve or fuel unit), suitable instructions shall be provided for the application of the filter. The instructions shall outline maximum capacities, maximum pressures, fuel grades, methods of application, etc. Note: This information may also be printed on or attached to the filter unit housing in the form of a tag, water transfer, or the equivalent.

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9.1.6 When a filter unit is a separate component or accessory (eg, does not form an integral part of an assembly or a device such as a valve or fuel unit), the following markings shall be permanent and appear in a conspicuous location on the separate filter unit housing: (a) identification of the manufacturer; (b) type or model designation; (c) direction of flow; (d) the lowest melting point in EC (EF) of any component of the housing. Information on the filter element replacement, where applicable, shall also be made available on the filter unit. Note: This marking may be on a water transfer, a sticker, or the equivalent.

9.2 Filter Elements 9.2.1 The largest opening in a filter element of the screen type shall be of such size that its larger dimension is not greater than 90% of the smaller dimension of the smallest fixed opening protected by the screen.

9.2.2 For the purpose of interpreting Clause 9.2.1, all constant level valves, metering valves, magnetic valves, and safety valves shall be considered as having a fixed opening with an effective minor dimension of 0.8 mm (1/32 in) when fuel oil Type 2 or lighter is used, or 1.6 mm (1/16 in) when fuel oils heavier than Type 2 are used.

9.2.3 When intended for use with Type 1 oil or lighter, a primary filter element of the screen type shall provide, for fuel flow through the element (a) of up to 8 L/h (2 USgph), a net screen opening of at least 645 mm2 (1 in2); (b) of more than 8 L/h (2 USgph) and up to 40 L/h (10 USgph), a net screen opening of 645 mm2 (1 in2) plus additional area of 40 mm2 per L/h (1/2 in2 per USgph) of fuel flow in excess of 8 L/h (2 USgph); (c) of more than 40 L/h (10 USgph), a net screen opening of 3225 mm2 (5 in2) plus an additional area of 10 mm2 per L/h (1/4 in2 per USgph) of fuel flow in excess of 40 L/h (10 USgph).

9.2.4 When intended for use with Type 2 oil, a primary filter element of the screen type shall provide, for fuel flow through the element (a) of up to 40 L/h (10 USgph), a net screen opening of at least 160 mm2 per L/h (1 in2 per USgph); (b) of more than 40 L/h (10 USgph) and up to 75 L/h (20 USgph), a net screen opening of 6450 mm2 (10 in2) plus additional area of 40 mm2 per L/h (1/2 in2 per USgph) of fuel flow in excess of 40 L/h (10 USgph); (c) of more than 75 L/h (20 USgph), a net screen opening of 9700 mm2 (15 in2) plus additional area of 10 mm2 per L/h (1/4 in2 per USgph) of fuel flow in excess of 75 L/h (20 USgph).

9.2.5 When intended for use with fuel oils that are heavier than Type 2, a primary filter element of the screen type shall provide, for fuel flow through the element (a) of up to 40 L/h (10 USgph), a net screen opening of at least 6450 mm2 (10 in2); (b) of more than 40 L/h (10 USgph) and up to 300 L/h (80 USgph), a net screen opening of 6450 mm2 (10 in2) plus additional area of 10 mm2 per L/h (1/4 in2 per USgph) of fuel flow in excess of 40 L/h (10 USgph); (c) of more than 300 L/h (80 USgph), a net screen opening of 18 000 mm2 (28 in2). October 2003

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9.2.6 Primary filter elements of other than the screen type shall provide the effective protection and capacity equivalent to that required for screen-type elements. Notes: (1) Screen-type filter elements include those that are fabricated from screening, woven wire cloth, and perforated sheets. (2) The effective protection and capacity of filter elements of other than the screen type may be determined by test.

9.2.7 Filter elements of the metallic type shall be made of brass, monel, stainless steel, or equivalent.

9.2.8 Filter elements of the nonmetallic type shall be the subject of special investigation to determine their acceptability for the intended application.

9.3 Filter Housings 9.3.1 The filter housing shall have a rated gauge pressure of at least 70 kPa (10 psig).

9.3.2 Filter housings shall be constructed of suitable material and shall be leakproof when applied as intended.

9.3.3 Filter housings shall be provided with suitable threaded inlet and outlet openings. Note: Filter housings should also be provided with a drain plug. Filter housings intended for use with high capacity equipment should be provided with suitable tappings in the inlet and outlet openings for pressure gauges.

9.4 Test Procedures Suitable test procedures (based upon consideration of such factors as the intended application, the type of filter element, and the capacity of the filter unit), shall be determined by the testing agency. The tests shall be such as to ensure compliance with the intent of the requirements in this Standard as well as the suitability of the filter unit for the intended application. Note: As a guide to determining the acceptability of a filter, the following procedure may be undertaken: (a) Oil containing particles of known size should be passed through the filter. The type of oil and the size of particles will depend on the intended application. A suitable screen or filter paper should be incorporated downstream to catch any particles that may pass the filter. (b) The filter should be subjected to an endurance test using the appropriate grade of oil. (c) The filter should be subjected to a pressure of twice the maximum design pressure on the element, with the element plugged. (d) The pressure drop across the filter at maximum rated capacity should be at a minimum, and may be measured with gauges or manometers.

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10. Construction and Test of Draft Regulators 10.1 General 10.1.1 Draft regulators shall be constructed in accordance with Clause 10.2 and tested in accordance with Clause 10.3. Note: See Clause 4.15 for requirements governing the application of draft regulators.

10.1.2 Each draft regulator shall be suitably marked with the identification of the manufacturer and with the type or model designation.

10.1.3 Suitable instructions for the application of the draft regulator and the mounting collar shall be provided with each draft regulator assembly.

10.2 Construction Requirements 10.2.1 Draft regulators shall be fully automatic. When the draft falls below normal, draft regulators shall close against a positive stop, except the use of a stop shall be optional when the draft regulator has a diameter of 250 mm (10 in) or greater.

10.2.2 Draft regulators shall be designed to maintain a reasonably constant draft at any setting within the range for which they are intended, as indicated by compliance with the test requirements of Clause 10.3.

10.2.3 The construction of the draft regulator shall be such as to ensure durability in installation and use.

10.2.4 All metal parts of the draft regulator shall be suitably protected to retard corrosion, ie, by painting or plating.

10.2.5 All moving parts such as shafts, pivots, and their bearings, as well as all parts used for the adjustment of regulator settings, shall be constructed of materials that are known to be suitable for the intended application, and designed to minimize malfunction resulting from oxidization, sooting, etc. Note: The suitability of a particular material may be determined by test.

10.2.6 Each draft regulator that is not part of an appliance shall be provided with a suitable mounting stub or collar of adequate length and material.

10.2.7 Each draft regulator that is not part of an appliance and not shipped with a suitable mounting stub or collar, shall be sized to fit snugly into a metal vent connector (flue pipe) having an integral-inch inside diameter.

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10.2.8 Convenient means shall be provided for making any necessary field adjustment.

10.3 Test Requirements and Procedure 10.3.1 General The draft regulator shall be installed on the test apparatus shown in Figure 2 in accordance with the installation instructions provided by the draft regulator manufacturer and on a mounting collar supplied by the draft regulator manufacturer.

10.3.2 Regulation of the Draft 10.3.2.1 The maximum variation in regulated draft for each setting of the draft adjustment on the draft regulator, over the range of available adjustment, and when installed according to Clause 10.3.2.2, shall not exceed 10% of the impressed draft.

10.3.2.2 The regulation test for the control shall be conducted with the test apparatus (a) in a vertical position; (b) in a horizontal position; (c) at a 45E angle; and (d) at such intermediate inclinations deemed necessary.

10.3.2.3 A regulation test shall be run in each position for the minimum draft setting obtainable or at 2.5 Pa (0.01 in wc), whichever is higher, (a) at the highest setting permitted by the construction of, or provided with, the draft regulator; and (b) at an intermediate setting.

10.3.2.4 During the test, impressed draft and regulated draft values shall be recorded.

10.3.2.5 The induced draft fan shall be started with the manual damper closed. Draft shall be gradually increased by moving the hand damper until the draft regulator control gate begins to move. At that point where the gate no longer contacts its stop, but is free-floating and has just become free to function, the draft reading shall be recorded as the first regulated draft value. The control gate shall then be manually held against the stop and the first reading of impressed draft shall be recorded. With the control gate held closed, the manual damper shall be adjusted to an impressed draft of 5 Pa (0.02 in wc) greater than the first regulated draft value. The gate shall then be released to obtain a corresponding regulated draft reading. This procedure shall be followed in increments of 5 Pa (0.02 in wc) until the impressed draft is 45 Pa (0.18 in wc) greater than the first impressed draft value.

10.3.2.6 The tests of Clauses 10.3.2.2 to 10.3.2.5 shall be repeated at least once to determine consistency of test results.

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10.3.3 Leakage Test 10.3.3.1 The pressure at the static pressure measurement location on the test apparatus, with the draft regulator gate held shut, shall over the range of impressed draft exceed 75% of the pressure reading with the regulator sealed.

10.3.3.2 The draft regulator shall be installed in accordance with Clause 10.3.1. The draft regulator gate shall be secured so that it is shut solidly against its stop, and all openings through the draft regulator, between the draft regulator and its mounting collar, and between the mounting collar and the test pipe, shall be completely sealed. The value of the impressed draft with the control thus sealed shall be determined with the manual damper adjusted to the maximum impressed draft used during the tests of Clause 10.3.2. All seals shall then be removed, except that the gate shall remain secured against its stop, and the value of impressed draft with the seals removed shall be determined.

10.3.3.3 The leakage test shall be repeated at an impressed draft of 10 Pa (0.04 in wc) and one intermediate value.

11. Vent Connector Mounted Heat Reclaimers Intended for Residential Use 11.1 Construction 11.1.1 A heat reclaimer shall comply with the intent of Clause 4.

11.1.2 All flue-gas passages shall have gas-tight joints that are welded, lock-seamed, spot-welded, bolted, or the equivalent. Joints made with cements and adhesives do not comply with this requirement.

11.1.3 Flue-gas passages, subjected to a negative pressure on the side other than the flue-gas side, shall have a minimum metal thickness of 1.2 mm (0.0478 in) (18 gauge).

11.1.4 The construction shall permit ready access for removal of soot from the flue-gas side of the passageways.

11.1.5 A heat reclaimer shall be provided with a means of support other than any that may be provided by a vent connector (flue pipe).

11.1.6 The design shall permit adjustment to ensure gravity flow of lubricant to fan and motor bearings when so equipped.

11.1.7 The electrical features shall comply with the requirements of CSA Standard C22.2 No. 3. October 2003

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11.2 Tests Heat reclaimers shall be the subject of special investigation that shall include evaluation of at least the following: (a) vent connector (flue pipe) inlet and outlet temperatures; (b) temperature of the heated medium at the outlet of the heat reclaimer; (c) component and enclosure temperatures during normal and abnormal operation such as power failure, blocked outlet, etc; and (d) draft loss.

11.3 Marking Each heat reclaimer shall be plainly marked in a permanent manner with at least the following details: (a) the manufacturer’s name; (b) the model number of the heat reclaimer; (c) the electrical ratings, if electrically equipped; (d) the statement: “Read the Installation Instructions Before Attempting Installation”; (e) the installation clearances; (f) the draft loss through the heat reclaimer, if significant; (g) the limiting temperatures in the heat reclaimer, if applicable; (h) any other limitations that may be applicable; (i) the caution, “DO NOT USE ON ANY GAS-FIRED OR SOLID-FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCE”, emphasized by type face, size, contrast, etc; (j) the direction of air flow through the reclaimer when it is necessary to avoid negative pressure on the heat exchanger of the reclaimer; (k) cautions to the effect that the following are required: (i) a minimum draft of 10 Pa (0.04 in wc), upstream of the heat reclaimer, and 4.96 Pa (0.02 in wc) overfire shall be available; (ii) the flue-gas temperature shall be at least 260EC (500EF) upstream of the heat reclaimer. If less than 40% of the chimney height is exposed to the outdoors, the flue gas temperature at the base of the chimney shall be at least 180EC (355EF). If more than 40% of the chimney is exposed to the outdoors, the flue gas temperature at the base of the chimney shall be at least 205EC (400EF); (iii) an adequate air supply to the burner and the furnace room to compensate for the air drawn through the heat reclaimer; (iv) compliance with the regulations of the authorities having jurisdiction; (v) the statement: “NOT TO BE CONNECTED TO FURNACE PLENUMS” or “HEAT DISTRIBUTION WILL BE AFFECTED WHEN CONNECTED TO A FURNACE PLENUM”, as applicable.

11.4 Instructions 11.4.1 Each heat reclaimer shall be accompanied by instructions governing installation and maintenance. Instructions shall be written and shall include at least the items specified in Clauses 11.4.2 to 11.4.8.

11.4.2 Instructions shall refer to the limitations specified in CSA Standard B139.

11.4.3 Instructions shall specify procedure for the installation of a heat reclaimer in the vent connector (flue pipe) that leads from an oil-burning appliance. In such instance the heat reclaimer shall be installed only as follows: (a) after the oil-burning appliance has been installed and operated in accordance with the oil-burning appliance manufacturer’s instructions;

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(b) when, after installation of the heat reclaimer, the oil-burning appliance continues to operate in accordance with the oil-burning appliance manufacturer’s instructions; (c) providing that the following conditions exist after installation of the heat reclaimer: (i) the clearance to combustible construction is at least 460 mm (18 in), or shielding that conforms to CSA Standard B139 has been provided; (ii) a barometric-type draft regulator that conforms to this Standard has been installed between the heat reclaimer and the chimney; and (iii) a minimum draft of 9.92 Pa (0.04 in wc) is available upstream from the heat reclaimer, or there is a minimum over-fire draft of 4.96 Pa (0.02 in wc); and (iv) the flue gas temperature is at least 260EC (500EF) upstream from the heat reclaimer; and (d) when adequate air supply is provided to the burner and furnace room to compensate for the air drawn from the area through the heat reclaimer.

11.4.4 Instructions shall list the other data required by Clause 11.3 with emphasis on Item (i).

11.4.5 The instructions for installation, including the means for support and electrical connections, shall comply with the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I.

11.4.6 Instructions shall outline procedures for the installation and adjustment of the draft regulator, where one is provided as part of the heat reclaimer.

11.4.7 Instructions shall outline procedures for cleaning and any other services that may be required.

11.4.8 Instructions shall include the statement: “Save these instructions for future reference”.

12. General Procedures for Analysis 12.1 General Clause 12 outlines the general procedures for analysis and the methods of instrumentation and measurement to be used in conducting tests on oil-burning equipment. Procedures for analysis and methods of instrumentation that are not covered in this Standard shall be determined by the testing agency on the basis of recognized engineering data, or as a result of special investigations.

12.2 Supplementary Procedures and Methods Refer to the appropriate Standards in the CSA B140 series for detailed supplementary information pertaining to the instrumentation and procedures to be used with oil-burning equipment.

12.3 Additional Details Additional details relating to any of these procedures shall be obtained from the testing agency.

12.4 Fuel-Oil Properties The analysis of fuel oil properties shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures specified in the relevant CGSB Standards. The fuel oil used for the tests shall conform to the requirements for the October 2003

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particular type as specified in CGSB Standard CAN/CGSB-3.2. Kerosene shall conform to CGSB Standard CAN/CGSB-3.3.

12.5 Flue-Gas Properties 12.5.1 General The flue gases shall be analyzed to determine, where applicable, the (a) volumetric percentages of CO2, O2, and CO as specified in Clause 12.5.2 to 12.5.3; (b) the smoke density (ie, carbon, unburned fuel, etc) as specified in Clause 12.5.4; and (c) temperature as specified in Clause 12.5.5.

12.5.2 Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen The volumetric analysis of CO2 and O2 in the flue gases shall be determined with a suitable flue gas analyzer.

12.5.3 Carbon Monoxide Where applicable, the volumetric analysis of CO in the flue gases shall be determined by a suitable recognized method of analysis.

12.5.4 Smoke The quantitative and qualitative analysis of smoke shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures detailed in Clause 15. Sample smoke spots obtained shall be examined qualitatively for unburned oil (ie, colouration which is characteristic of the oil), and quantitatively compared to the standard reference charts for the appropriate smoke spot number. In the case of an appliance designed to burn used oil, there may be a yellow, yellow-brown, or black colouration on the filter paper as a result of constituents in the flue gas, other than unburned oil that may discolour the filter paper.

12.5.5 Flue-Gas Temperature The flue-gas temperature shall be determined in accordance with the procedures detailed in Clause 14.

12.6 Instrumentation and Measurement 12.6.1 General Allowable instrument accuracy and associated testing tolerance, where indicated, are shown in Table 2.

12.6.2 Electrical All electrical measurements shall be made with suitable calibrated voltmeters, ammeters, and wattmeters, having an instrument accuracy of ±1%. Note: The scale range of an instrument to be used for a particular reading should not exceed the value to be measured by more than 150%.

12.6.3 Speed Where a speed indicator or tachometer is used for speed measurement, the accuracy shall be ±1%. Care shall be exercised when a tachometer or speed indicator is used to ensure that the device does not impose an additional load on the shaft being measured. Note: A stroboscope is recommended for determining the speed of small motors having an output less than 100 W (1/8 hp) for speed measurements in inaccessible locations, and for determining the speed of an assembly that is dependent upon the load conditions imposed by the enclosure for exact determination of speed.

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12.6.4 Air Velocity Air velocity measurements shall be taken using a suitable means (eg, Pitot tube or manometer) and determined to within ±2%. A suitable traverse shall be taken across the cross-section of a duct when determining the air velocity. Average values shall be used as determined by weighting the results of the traverse. All air velocity measurements shall be determined at a suitable location in the duct where the profile is not subject to rapid change either before or after the section in which the velocity is being determined.

12.6.5 Temperature Temperature measurements shall be determined in accordance with the procedures detailed in Clause 13.

12.6.6 Gas Pressure Gas pressure shall be determined to within ±2% of the true value and reported in kPa (psi).

12.6.7 Liquid Pressure Liquid (eg, fuel oil or water) pressures shall be determined to within ±1% of the true value and reported in kPa (psi).

12.6.8 Barometric Pressure Barometric pressure shall be determined to within ±0.02% of the true value and reported in kPa (in Hg).

12.6.9 Rating of Electric Motors The rating of an electric motor shall be determined on a suitable dynamometer and reported in kW (hp).

12.6.10 Flow Rates Fuel oil flow rates (eg, inputs) shall be determined on a weight basis with suitable weight scales and stop watches.

13. Maximum Allowable Temperatures 13.1 General Clause 13 specifies the maximum allowable operating temperatures for many of the materials and components used in the construction of oil-burning equipment. The listings given in this Clause do not specify the operating temperature limits for all materials and components that are likely to be used with oil-burning equipment. The maximum acceptable operating temperatures for materials and components that are not listed in this Standard shall be determined by the testing agency on the basis of recognized engineering data, or as the result of special investigations. The investigation of a material or component not listed in this Clause shall be conducted on the basis of recognized procedures and standard methods of analysis.

13.2 Relationship with Other Requirements The inclusion of a temperature limit for a specific material or component in this Clause shall not be construed as being indicative of the acceptability of the material or component for a particular application, if investigation indicates that the material or component concerned does not otherwise comply with the intent of these requirements. Note: For example, the deformation, buckling, cracking, embrittlement, or similar failure of a material, joint, or component part, resulting from mechanical or thermal stresses, or both, would indicate that the part involved was not

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acceptable, even if the operating temperatures of that part were less than the maximum limits specified. During tests, careful attention should be paid to the possible long-term effects (on the various materials and joints in the equipment construction) when the materials are subjected to (a) mechanical (structural) stresses combined with high temperature service conditions; and (b) thermal stresses created by the alternating cycles of heating and cooling that are characteristic of heating equipment operation.

13.3 Operating Temperatures Table 3 specifies the maximum allowable operating temperatures for general construction materials (nonelectrical). It includes limits for such materials and components as combustible construction, combustible materials, air filters, fuel oil (in retainers), bearings, ferrous and nonferrous metal sheets and castings, refractory materials, and insulating materials. Table 3 specifies the service operating temperatures for materials generally encountered in the construction of oil-burning equipment. Table 3 is not intended to be all-inclusive. Suitable engineering handbooks or technical papers shall be consulted for the maximum allowable temperatures for materials not listed. Inclusion of a material in Table 3 does not imply that it is suitable for the particular application. Other factors such as galvanic action, resistance to corrosion, or thermal expansion shall also be considered. Electrical construction materials and components are listed in CSA Standard C22.2 No. 3.

13.4 Operating Conditions 13.4.1 Operating Condition A Operating Condition A is the condition encountered during normal conditions of equipment operation, such as during the normal tests outlined in the various Standards in the CSA B140 series. The temperature limits specified in this classification have been selected to ensure the continued safety and reliability of equipment operation over an extended period of time. Note: The duty cycle nature of heating equipment operation has been taken into consideration, where applicable, in compiling these limits.

13.4.2 Operating Condition B Operating Condition B is the condition encountered during abnormal conditions of equipment operation, such as during the abnormal tests outlined in the various Standards in the B140 series. Note: These limits should be considered as the maximum permissible peak temperatures that may be attained during the specified abnormal conditions of equipment operation.

The temperature limits specified in this classification have been selected to ensure that the condition of the material or part will not be appreciably impaired. Continued safe and reliable operation may be anticipated upon the restoration of normal operation conditions, without requiring the repair or replacement of the material or part. Note: The limits specified in this classification are not applicable for certain abnormal tests. Refer to the various Standards in the B140 series for further information.

13.5 Temperature Rise and Ambient Temperatures 13.5.1 The nominal ambient temperature shall be considered as 25EC (77EF) for all temperature measurements, except as specified in Clause 13.5.3.

13.5.2 Temperature measurements may be determined on the basis of temperature rise if acceptable to the testing agency. The permissible temperature rise values equivalent to the maximum allowable temperatures given in Table 3 shall be obtained by deducting 25EC (77EF) from the maximum allowable temperature specified for the material or part.

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13.5.3 Where the equipment is intended specifically for continuous operation in service at a prevailing ambient temperature constantly higher than 25EC (77EF) (such as for certain types of industrial equipment), the temperature tests shall be conducted at the prevailing higher ambient temperature. If the temperature of a material is determined on the basis of temperature rise, the permissible temperature rise shall be obtained by deducting the prevailing higher ambient temperature from the maximum allowable temperature specified for the material or part.

13.5.4 The temperature tests may be conducted at any ambient temperature within the range of 10 to 40EC (50 to 104EF). If the temperature of a material is determined on the basis of temperature rise, no correction for the ambient temperature condition need be applied in the temperature rise calculations when the tests are conducted in this range of ambient temperature, except as specified in Clause 13.5.3. The following example illustrates Clause 13.5.4 and the procedure for temperature rise calculations: (a) The maximum temperature of a material determined during a test was 80EC (176EF). The actual ambient temperature during the test was 30EC (86EF). Therefore the actual temperature rise was 80 – 30EC = 50EC (176 – 86EF = 90EF). (b) The maximum allowable temperature for the material (from Table 3) is 75EC (167EF). The nominal ambient temperature of the test area is 25EC (77EF). Therefore the permissible temperature rise for the material (calculated as specified in Clause 13.5.2) is 75 – 25EC = 50EC (167 – 77EF = 90EF). (c) The actual temperature rise obtained by test (from Item (a)) was 50EC (90EF). The permissible temperature rise by calculation (from Item (b)) is 50EC (90EF). Therefore the material is acceptable.

13.5.5 Where the equipment is installed within a confined enclosure, such as a closet or alcove, the ambient temperature shall be considered as the temperature external to the confined enclosure that contains the equipment.

13.6 Temperature Measurement 13.6.1 Thermocouple junctions should be fused to ensure intimate metal junctions.

13.6.2 The temperatures of metal surfaces should be obtained by attaching the thermocouple to the surface by suitably welding, brazing, or locating under a small screw, or by peening into a hole drilled into the surface.

13.6.3 The surface temperature of wood and similar materials should be obtained by securing the thermocouple in contact with the surface under suitable masking tape.

13.6.4 It is recommended that (a) chromel alumel (Type K) thermocouples (i) be used for temperature measurements in excess of 180EC (350EF); (ii) be not used continuously above 870EC (1600EF); (b) iron constantan (Type J) thermocouples (i) be used for temperature measurements below 540EC (1000EF); (ii) be not used continuously above 480EC (900EF); and (c) copper constantan (Type T) thermocouples be used for temperature measurements below 315EC (600EF). October 2003

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13.6.5 The following wire gauges are recommended for thermocouples: (a) 30 AWG for temperatures up to 150EC (300EF); (b) 24 to 30 AWG for temperatures 150EC to 540EC (300EF to 1000EF); (c) 20 AWG for temperatures 540EC to 870EC (1000EF to 1600EF); and (d) 14 AWG for temperatures beyond 870EC (1600EF).

13.6.6 The temperature rise of the windings of electric coils may be determined by the rise-of-resistance method.

13.6.7 When determining difficult surface temperatures (eg, wood, wire insulation, etc), and air temperature, due consideration may be given to the various conditions that may influence the accurate determination of such temperatures.

13.6.8 Water temperatures may be determined with suitably sheathed liquid-type thermometers of known accuracy.

13.6.9 Room air temperatures and inlet air temperatures to ducts shall be measured by a shielded bead-type iron constantan thermocouple. The wire diameter shall be not larger than No. 24 AWG. The shield and thermocouple assembly shall be as shown in Figure 3.

13.6.10 See also Table 3 for further general information related to temperature measurement.

13.6.11 See also Clause 14 for the procedures for flue-gas temperature measurement.

14. Flue-Gas Temperature, Chimney Draft, and Flue-Gas Analysis 14.1 General 14.1.1 The vent connector (flue pipe) test section shall be of the same nominal diameter as the flue collar of the appliance. All joints or openings in the vent connector (flue pipe), between the flue collar of the appliance and the test points, shall be sealed.

14.1.2 The thermocouple and draft tube shall be in position and securely supported during readings of flue-gas temperatures and chimney drafts. See also Figures 4 to 7.

14.1.3 The draft regulator, if used, shall be located at a distance of at least 0.6 m (2 ft) on the chimney side of the vent connector (flue pipe) from the test points.

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14.2 Flue-Gas Temperature 14.2.1 The flue-gas temperature shall be measured at a point 450 mm (18 in) from (a) the centre line of the flue collar, using a 90E elbow at the flue outlet for an appliance with a (i) horizontal flue outlet, requiring a vertical vent connector (flue pipe) test section, see Figure 4; or (ii) vertical flue outlet, requiring a horizontal vent connector (flue pipe) test section, see Figure 5; (b) the casing or outer jacket for (i) an appliance with a horizontal flue outlet, requiring a horizontal vent connector (flue pipe) test section, (eg, floor furnaces); or (ii) units with a vertical flue outlet, requiring a vertical vent connector (flue pipe) test section to simulate actual conditions of use, see Figure 6.

14.2.2 The flue-gas temperature shall be determined using the standard iron constantan thermocouple assembly shown in Figure 8. The thermocouple wire shall be not larger than No. 20 AWG. The thermocouple shall be mounted in the holder as illustrated. The tip of the thermocouple shall be located on the axial centreline of the vent connector (flue pipe). Note: The flue-gas temperatures may be determined by other means, provided that the reliability and accuracy of the equipment has been established and appropriate allowances have been made where required.

14.2.3 The shielded thermocouple assembly shown in Figure 9 shall be used where the thermocouple tip is exposed to direct radiation from flame or from hot surfaces within a combustion chamber.

14.2.4 The maximum temperature of the flue gases as measured during normal operation of the equipment shall not exceed the maximum value specified in the CSA B140 series Standard for the applicable equipment. The minimum temperature of the flue gases as measured during normal operation of the equipment shall be not less than 150EC (300EF) total temperature, unless the appliance is designed to condense combustion gases within the heat exchanger. Readings shall be taken after satisfactory equilibrium operating conditions have been established for the equipment. Note: The maximum flue-gas temperatures specified in the B140 series of Standards are always total, or gross, temperature, and are based on a nominal room ambient temperature of 25EC (77EF).

14.3 Chimney Draft The chimney draft shall be determined by using a brass or steel tube of approximately 6 mm OD (1/4 in). The draft tube shall be located in the vent connector (flue pipe) test section at a point approximately 65 mm (2-1/2 in) from the flue-gas thermocouple insert point (ie, approximately 515 mm (20-1/2 in) from the reference locations specified in Clause 14.2.1). The draft tube shall be inserted into the vent connector (flue pipe) a distance equal to one-third the vent connector (flue pipe) diameter.

14.4 Flue-Gas Analysis 14.4.1 Smoke Density Smoke density shall be determined at a point in the vent connector (flue pipe) test section located circumferentially 90E, and axially 95 mm (3-3/4 in) from the flue-gas thermocouple insert point (ie, 545 mm (21-1/2 in)) from the reference locations specified in Clause 14.2.1). The determination of smoke density shall be in accordance with the procedures specified in Clause 15.

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14.4.2 Determination of CO2, O2, and CO CO2, O2, and CO where applicable, shall be determined on the basis of flue-gas samples withdrawn at the location shown for CO2 on Figures 4 to 7. The end of the sampling tube shall be inserted in to the axial centre-line of the vent connector (flue pipe). The volumetric determination of the flue-gas constituents shall be in accordance with the procedures detailed in Clause 12.

15. Determination of Smoke Density 15.1 Outline of the Method 15.1.1 Withdraw a predetermined volume of the flue gases (57.15 cm3/mm2 (2250 in3/in2)) of filtering area) at a uniform rate through a specified type of filter paper. The results obtained are visually compared against a graduated smoke spot scale. The scale is calibrated from numbers 0 to 9, ranging in equal photometric steps from white (No. 0) through shades of grey to black (No. 9). No. 10 does not appear on the scale.

15.1.2 The Bacharach True Spot® Smoke Test Pump similar to that shown in Figure 10 or the equivalent, together with the Bacharach filter paper, shall be used to measure smoke density. Figure 11 illustrates the smoke scale. Note: Bacharach True Spot® smoke test pump part number 21-7012 and filter paper part number 21-0019 or 21-0020 are part of the Smoke Test Kit part number 21-1006.

15.2 Procedures 15.2.1 The flue-gas sample shall be taken at the point in the vent connector (flue pipe) test section specified in Clause 14.4.1.

15.2.2 Flue-gas samples shall be taken after satisfactory equilibrium operating conditions have been established for the equipment. The equipment manufacturer’s recommendations for fuel input, fuel grade, draft, percentage CO2, etc, shall be used in preparing the equipment for the smoke test.

15.2.3 The net smoke spot number shall be the resultant numerical difference between the gross smoke spot scale number obtained from the flue-gas sample, and the smoke spot scale number obtained by drawing a sample of air from the space where combustion air is supplied to the equipment under test.

15.2.4 The net smoke spot number obtained shall not exceed the maximum value specified in the applicable CSA Standard in the B140 series.

15.2.5 The smoke spot filter paper shall also be examined for unburned oil (ie, colouration that is characteristic of the oil). In the case of an appliance designed to burn used oil, there may be a yellow, yellow-brown, or black colouration on the filter paper as a result of constituents in the flue gas, other than unburned oil that may discolour the filter paper.

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15.2.6 Photometric reflectance using suitable instruments may be used in case of dispute concerning the assignment of a smoke spot number.

16. Determination of Heat Input 16.1 General Clause 16 outlines the method to be used in determining the heat input to an oil-fired appliance (eg, furnace or boiler) in kW (Btu/h). The method outlined relates the heat input to the rated fuel input and the estimated higher heating value of the fuel for the fuel type used.

16.2 Method of Calculation 16.2.1 For the purpose of the heat input calculations, the fuel shall be assumed to have a higher heating value corresponding to the density in kg/L, the relative density, or the API gravity as given in Table 4. For Type 2 (furnace) oil, the higher heating value shall be taken as 45 500 kJ/kg with a density of 0.8550 kg/L (19 560 Btu/lb with an API gravity of 34).

16.2.2 The relative density or the API gravity of the fuel used for this test shall be determined by a hydrometer, in accordance with ASTM Standard D 1298. Depending on the hydrometer used to measure the relative density or the degree API of the fuel, the following equations may be used to convert between degrees API and relative density: °API =

141.5 – 131.5 Relative Density

or Relative Density =

141.5 °API + 131.5

Measure the temperature of the fuel oil either immediately before or after taking the reading with the hydrometer. Correct the observed hydrometer reading to the standard temperature of 15EC (60EF) for API gravity, density, or relative density using the appropriate correction table as given in API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards or using Table 5. The tolerance in the density of the fuel for this test shall be ±0.005 kg/L (±1EAPI gravity) applied to the heaviest fuel grade recommended by the manufacturer for the appliance being tested (e.g., for Type 2 fuel oil, the tolerance shall be 0.855 ± 0.005 kg/L or 34 ± 1EAPI).

16.2.3 For the purpose of these tests, the observed fuel input, in terms of the mass of fuel used, shall be maintained to within ±2% of the rated fuel input.

16.2.4 The observed fuel input in kg/h (USgph) shall be determined by weighing the fuel with a suitable scale. At least three consecutive determinations of the rate of fuel consumption that agree within 1% shall be

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made. The determinations shall be repeated at appropriate intervals throughout the test. Note: When the appliance is equipped with an atomizing-type oil burner, the burner pump pressure may be increased by up to 25% of the cold flow pressure.

16.2.5 When the conditions of Clauses 16.2.3 and 16.2.4 have been satisfied, the heat input shall be calculated as specified in Clause 16.2.7. The rated fuel input shall be used in the calculations.

16.2.6 The appropriate altitude correction factor from Table 6 may be used for converting an observed fuel input rate that results in a No. 2 Bacharach smoke spot at higher altitudes, to the corresponding fuel input rate at sea level.

16.2.7 The heat input of the appliance shall be calculated as Hl =

Fl × HHV 3600

where HI FI 3600 HHV

= = = =

heat input of the appliance, kW; the rated fuel input, kg/h; conversion from kJ/h to kW where 1 kW = 3600 kJ/h; and higher heating value of the fuel, kJ/kg.

or Hl = Fl × HHV where HI = FI = HHV =

heat input of the appliance, Btu/h; the rated fuel input, lb/h; higher heating value of the fuel, Btu/lb.

17. Determination of Flue-Gas Loss 17.1 General Clause 17 outlines the method to be used in determining the flue-gas loss for an oil-fired appliance not designed to condense the water vapour component of combustion gases within the heat exchangers (eg, furnace or boiler), expressed as a percentage. The method outlined relates the flue-gas loss to the flue gas temperature and percentage CO2 in the flue gases, and accounts for the loss resulting from incomplete combustion.

17.2 Method of Calculation 17.2.1 The flue-gas temperature and percentage CO2, O2, and CO in the flue gases shall be determined in accordance with the procedures and locations given in Clauses 12 and 14.

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17.2.2 Unburned fuel gases shall not (a) occur in the flue gases as unburned fuel gases or vapours in excess of 0.2% by volume; or (b) result in failure of the observed CO2 and O2 values to attain the ultimate %O2 , ±0.5%, as indicated in Figure 12.

17.2.3 The percentage heat loss as a result of incomplete combustion (expressed as CO in the flue gases), shall be determined by the following formula:    %C × C U  %CO % FL =  ×   %(CO 2 + CO)   HHV 

where FL CO CO2 C CU HHV

= = = = = =

flue-gas heat loss, %; percentage of CO in the flue gas, %; percentage of carbon dioxide in flue gas, %; percentage of carbon in the fuel oil, %; heat content of the carbon in the flue gas, 23 630 kJ/kg (10 160 Btu/lb); higher heating value of the fuel oil, kJ/kg (Btu/lb).

With No. 2 furnace oil having a density of 0.8550 kg/L, this equation may be reduced to  A × %CO  % FL =    %(CO 2 + CO) 

where  %C × C U  A=   HHV 

where %C = CU = HHV =

the percent carbon (C) in fuel oil, 86.9%; heat content of the carbon in the flue gas, 23 630 kJ/kg (10 160 Btu/lb); the higher heating value of the fuel oil, 45 500 kJ/kg (19 560 Btu/lb).

17.2.4 When the values specified in Clause 17.2.3 have been determined, the flue-gas loss, expressed as a percentage, shall be obtained from the charts in Figure 13.

17.2.5 The percentage of flue-gas loss obtained from Figure 13 shall be corrected by adding, if present, the percentage loss resulting from incomplete combustion, as obtained from the formula of Clause 17.2.3.

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17.3 Combustion Chart and Percentage Flue-Gas Loss for Type 1 or 2 Fuel Oil 17.3.1 The values given in the charts, Figures 12 and 13, are based on anticipated average compositions for a No. 2 furnace oil having a density of 0.8550 kg/L.

17.3.2 When using Type 1 fuel (stove oil), follow the instructions given in the Notes accompanying Figures 12 and 13. An ultimate CO2 line for typical Type 1 fuel having a density of 0.8250 kg/L (an API gravity of approximately 40E) has been included in Figure 12. The correction to the flue-gas loss, specified in Figure 13, shall be applied when oil-fired appliances use Type 1 fuel.

17.3.3 The percentage flue-gas loss given in Figure 13 represents the sum of the dry flue-gas loss (the sensible heat loss in the dry flue gases as determined by flue-gas analysis), and the loss resulting from the hydrogen in the selected fuel (the latent heat loss in the flue gases).

17.3.4 Not included in the percentage flue-gas loss given in Figure 13 is the loss as a result of (a) the moisture content in the combustion air; (b) the evaporation of moisture in the fuel; (c) the sulphur to sulphur dioxide reaction; (d) radiation; or (e) other unaccounted losses. No corrections need be applied for these losses for appliances not designed to condense the water vapour component of combustion gases within their heat exchangers.

17.3.5 The technical basis of Figure 13, assuming that combustion is complete, is % FL =

100 (A + B) HHV

where HHV = the higher heating value of fuel, kJ/kg; A = heat carried away by dry flue gas, kJ/kg; = W x 1 x (T2 ) T1); where W = mass of dry flue gas in kg/kg of fuel burned (lb/lb); 1.00 = mean specific heat of gas, kJ/kgCEC; T1 = room ambient temperature, EC (EF); T2 = flue gas temperature, EC (EF); B = heat loss resulting from superheating moisture formed from combustion of hydrogen, kJ/kg; = 9H [2260 + (4.19)(100 ) T3) + (1.93) (T2 ) 100)]; where T3 = fuel temperature, EC; 1.93 = mean specific heat of steam, kJ/kgCEC; 2260 = latent heat of vapourization of steam, kJ/kg; 4.19 = specific heat of water, kJ/kgEC; H = mass of hydrogen in kg/kg of fuel burned, kg/kg;

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or % FL =

100 (A + B) HHV

where HHV = the higher heating value of fuel, Btu/lb; A = heat carried away by dry flue gas, Btu/lb; = W x 0.24 x (T2 ) T1); W = mass of dry flue gas in lb/lb of fuel burned (lb/lb); 0.24 = mean specific heat of gas, Btu/lbEF; T1 = room ambient temperature, EF; T2 = flue gas temperature, EF; B = heat loss resulting from superheating moisture formed from combustion of hydrogen, Btu/lb; = 9H [970.4 + 1.00 x (212 ) T3) + (0.46)(T2 ) 212)]; where T3 = fuel temperature, (EF); 0.46 = mean specific heat of steam, Btu/lbEF; 970.4 = latent heat of vapourization of steam, Btu/lb); 1.00 = specific heat of water, Btu/lbEF; H = mass of hydrogen in lb/lb of fuel burned (lb/lb).

18. Determination of Casing (Jacket) Loss 18.1 For units intended to be installed outdoors or in an unheated space (including isolated combustion systems), (a) the casing (jacket) loss, LJ may be assigned value as indicated in the applicable Standard in the B140 series; or (b) a casing (jacket) loss test may be performed in accordance with Clauses 18.2 to 18.20. The casing (jacket) loss test shall be run after the appliance has reached steady-state conditions. For modulating units, run the test at maximum input only.

18.2 The casing (jacket) of the furnace or boiler shall be subdivided into 150 mm (6 in) squares and the surface temperature, TJ, at the centre of each square shall be determined with a surface thermocouple.

18.3 The areas of the 150 mm (6 in) squares shall be recorded in groups where the temperature differential of the 150 mm (6 in) squares is less than (a) 5EC (10EF) for temperatures up to 55EC (100EF) above room temperature; and (b) 10EC (20EF) for temperatures over 55EC (100EF) above room temperature.

18.4 For forced-air central furnaces, the circulating air blower compartment is considered as part of the duct system and no surface temperature of the blower compartment needs to be recorded for the purpose of this test.

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18.5 For units with ventilation air openings on the top, front, or sides of the unit, those openings from which the ventilation air exits from the cabinet shall be taped or sealed with aluminum tape during this test.

18.6 A smoke pencil test during a steady-state test may be used to determine the openings where the ventilation air exits from the cabinet.

18.7 On the taped openings, subdivide the area into 150 mm (6 in) squares and measure the surface temperatures in each square with a surface thermocouple. Install the thermocouple over the aluminum tape if necessary.

18.8 For downflow furnaces, measure all cabinet surface temperatures of the heat exchanger and combustion section, including the burner door and the bottom around the outlet duct, using the 150 mm (6 in) thermocouple square.

18.9 If the burner door is louvred to allow for combustion air to enter, measure temperatures on the metal strips between the louvres using the 150 mm (6 in) pattern.

18.10 The jacket surface temperatures around the blower section do not need to be measured and the taping of the ventilation air openings shall be as described in Clause 18.5.

18.11 Any panel that is part of the appliance casing (jacket), at any angle of 45E or less from the vertical, shall be considered as a vertical surface.

18.12 An exposed flue collector (breeching) or flue outlet forming an integral part of the furnace shall not be included in surface temperature measurements of the casing (jacket).

18.13 The surface temperatures of the casing (jacket) adjacent to the oil burner, the burner mounting plate, and inspection or access door panels shall be measured at points not less than 50 mm (2 in) from the edges of each frame or panel. Surface temperature measurements on the oil burner, the burner mounting plate, and inspection or access door panels may be omitted for the purposes of this test.

18.14 Average room temperature (TA) shall be determined by not less than four readings at approximately equal intervals during the test.

18.15 The convective heat transfer coefficient, hc, for a recorded group may be found from the graphs shown in Figure 14.

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18.16 The coefficient of radiation, hri, for a recorded group may be found from the graph shown in Figure 15.

18.17 The coefficient of radiation, hri, obtained from Figure 15, which is based on an emissivity of 1.0, shall be multiplied by the emissivity of the surface under consideration to obtain the correct coefficient of radiation for the surface, hrs. Typical emissivity values for common materials are (a) 0.23 for bright galvanized sheet iron; (b) 0.28 for oxidized galvanized sheet iron; and (c) 0.87 for paint finishes.

18.18 The coefficient of radiation for a surface is determined by hr s = h r i × E where hr s = the coefficient of radiation for the surface being evaluated, W/m2CK (Btu/(hCft2CEF)); hr i = the coefficient of radiation obtained from Figure 15, W/m2CK (Btu/(hCft2 CEF)); E = the emissivity of the surface being evaluated, dimensionless, (see Clause 18.17).

18.19 The hourly heat loss through the casing (jacket), Hs, shall be the sum of the hourly heat loss, EHs , for each group. The hourly heat loss through the casing (jacket), Hs, shall be determined as Hs = (hr s + hc) × AG × (TJ – TA) where Hs = hr s = hc = AG = TJ = TA =

the hourly heat loss for each recorded group, W (Btu/h); coefficient of radiation for the surface, W/m2CK (Btu/(hCft2 CEF); convective heat transfer coefficient, W/m2CK (Btu/(hCft2CEF); area of the casing (jacket) surface group, m2 (ft2); surface temperature at the centre of each square of casing (jacket) surface, EC (EF); measured room temperature of conditioned space in which the furnace or boiler is tested, as determined in Clause 18.12, EC (EF).

18.20 The percent casing (jacket) loss, LJ, shall be the hourly heat loss through the casing (jacket), Hs , divided by the hourly input, Qin, and multiplied by 100.

19. Through-the-Wall Venting Systems 19.1 General This Clause applies to through-the-wall venting systems used with oil-fired appliances.

19.2 Description A through-the-wall venting system is a system consisting of all the components necessary for the safe and reliable operation and venting of flue gases of an oil-fired appliance through an outside vertical wall.

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It starts at the appliance breech and ends at the outside terminal assembly. The through-the-wall venting system is supplied by the manufacturer of the appliance. Additional components meeting the requirements of the appliance manufacturer’s certified installation instructions may be supplied by the installer.

19.3 Construction 19.3.1 The components required to convey flue gases to the outdoors through a combustible wall shall comply with the requirements of this Clause.

19.3.2 A through-the-wall venting system shall comply with the applicable requirements of Clause 4.

19.3.3 Where a mechanical flue-gas exhauster is used in the system, it shall comply with the applicable requirements of CSA Standard CAN3-B255.

19.3.4 Where a mechanical flue-gas exhauster is not used in the system and the system is fitted with a draft proving device, the draft proving device shall be suitable for 100 000 cycles.

19.3.5 The electrical features of the venting system shall comply with the requirements of CSA Standard C22.2 No. 3.

19.3.6 The electrical supply to the venting system shall be supplied from the oil-burning appliance that it serves.

19.3.7 The venting system shall be equipped with a means to prevent the operation of the burner in the event of venting system failure.

19.3.8 When the system has been designed for the nonsimultaneous operation of any combination of appliances, a suitable means shall be provided in the control circuit to prevent simultaneous operation.

19.3.9 The venting system shall be provided with means for attachment to the appliance and wall structure that will result in a secure assembly and comply with the requirements of Clause 19.11.6.

19.3.10 The exterior vent terminal assembly (including any shield or guard) shall be constructed to prevent contact burns from its external surfaces. See Clause 19.6.1.

19.3.11 The complete venting system, with the exception of standard vent connector pipe, shall be provided by the manufacturer of the heating appliance. Unless it is specifically designed for field assembly, it shall be completely assembled.

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19.3.12 If one of the following sheet metals is used, the minimum thickness, including any coatings, shall be (a) 0.40 mm (0.016 in) for (i) galvanized steel; (ii) aluminum alloys; (iii) aluminized steel; and (iv) chromized steel; or (b) 0.30 mm (0.012 in) for stainless steel.

19.3.13 Metal shall not be used in combinations such as to cause detrimental galvanic action that will adversely affect any part of the assembly.

19.3.14 Exterior vent components shall be made of corrosion-resistant material or have a corrosion-resistant finish to resist corrosion, including that caused by condensation of flue gases. Galvanized steel is not considered to be corrosion-resistant to flue-gas condensate and shall not be used.

19.3.15 Parts that could be in contact with flue gases below 93EC (200EF) shall be of material having durability and resistance to corrosion.

19.3.16 Aluminum alloys containing more than 1.0% magnesium shall not be used if the reflectivity of the material is used to reduce fire hazard.

19.3.17 A joint, when made up in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, shall conform to the requirements of Clause 21.2.

19.3.18 Except for binder materials, thermal insulation material shall be noncombustible. Thermal insulation shall comply with the following conditions when the flue-gas vent is tested in accordance with the tests outlined in Clause 19.6: (a) the products of combustion or volatization of any combustible binder shall be discharged to the outdoors; (b) the insulating material shall retain sufficient strength to remain in its intended position; (c) there shall be no evidence of an increase in the thermal conductivity; (d) thermal insulation shall not show evidence of softening, melting, change in physical structure, or other evidence of failure; (e) thermal insulation shall be protected against contact with the products of combustion; (f) thermal insulation that is not self-supporting shall be attached to solid surfaces in a manner to prevent sagging; and (g) a water-absorbing insulating material shall not become wetted by condensation or rain when the flue-gas vent is installed as intended if such wetting will depreciate its durability or insulating value.

19.3.19 If the temperature of any external surface of the vent terminal assembly exceeds 70EC (158EF), when the through-the-wall vent system is tested as specified in Clause 19.6.1, then (a) the manufacturer’s instructions shall be marked as specified in Clause19.5.3; or (b) a guard or shield shall be provided for the vent terminal and the temperature of any external part of October 2003

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the guard or shield shall not exceed 70EC (158EF). No external openings in the guard or shield, or in the vent terminal, shall permit the entrance of a 25 mm (1 in) diameter probe. Note: For the purpose of this requirement, metal mesh or screen are considered part of the external surface of the vent terminal, guard, or shield.

19.4 Marking 19.4.1 When certified with the appliance, components of the through-the-wall vent system shall bear a permanent marking with (a) the manufacturer’s name, trade name, or other recognizable symbol of the manufacturer; (b) model number or designation of the oil-burning appliance; (c) the component part identification; and (d) the electrical ratings, where applicable.

19.4.2 In addition to the markings required by the applicable CSA Standard B140 series Standard, the oilburning appliance designed to be used with a through-the-wall venting system shall bear permanent markings to show (a) that when certified only for through-the-wall venting, the statement: “DO NOT CONNECT TO A NATURAL DRAFT CHIMNEY” or the equivalent; (b) the model designation of the through-the-wall venting unit or assembly; and (c) the testing agency’s logo and/or name.

19.5 Installation Instructions 19.5.1 Instructions shall be supplied with each through-the-wall system and contain at least the following: (a) the name of the manufacturer of the through-the-wall vent system; (b) the model designation; (c) electrical ratings, if applicable; (d) list of components used in the through-the-wall vent system; (e) detailed vent piping and wiring diagrams; (f) the recommended step-by-step procedure to follow for correct installation, including the set-up of the assembly for correct installation and for safe ignition, operation, and shutdown; (g) the minimum and maximum wall thickness through which the vent passes; (h) drawing(s) to show the minimum and maximum equivalent length of the vent system; (i) the statement that: “A B-VENT SHALL NOT BE USED IN THE VENT SYSTEM” or the equivalent; (j) a caution to the installer and user to ensure that gases issuing from the vent terminal do not cause a hazard through contact with adjacent naturally occurring combustible materials; and (k) a caution on the cover page of the user’s instructions calling for the user of the through-the-wall vent system to keep the area around the vent terminal free of snow, ice, and debris. This caution shall also be repeated in the text of the instructions.

19.5.2 Instructions shall refer to the limitations specified in Clause 4.3 of CSA Standard B139.

19.5.3 If the temperature of any part of the external surface of the vent terminal assembly exceeds 70EC (158EF), then the manufacturer’s instructions shall state that it be located at least 2.13 m (7 ft) above any surface where people may come into contact with it.

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19.6 Normal Tests 19.6.1 Temperature Temperatures of components of the oil-burning appliance, the through-the-wall venting system and surrounding combustibles shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 3, Conditions A and B, and CSA Standard C22.2 No. 3, Tables 5 and 6, Condition A, during all oil-burning appliance test conditions. An oil-burning appliance rated at the minimum fuel oil input for the vent system size shall be tested under similar conditions. A minimum flue gas temperature of 93EC (200EF) shall be obtained at the location where flue gases enter the outside wall. If the flue-gas temperature is below 93EC (200EF), then the exterior vent components and the parts in contact with the flue gases shall meet the requirements specified in Clauses 19.3.14 and 19.3.15.

19.6.2 Draft Proving Device If a draft proving device is used to prove mechanical draft, it shall be tested to determine the pressure(s) at which the device operates. The pressure(s) shall be recorded.

19.6.3 Pulsation The appliance shall not pulsate when fired according to the manufacturer’s instructions and operated at the recommended draft, smoke spot, and fuel input. Note: A momentary pulsation following ignition is permissible.

19.6.4 Combustion Tests The combustion test applied shall comply with the applicable B140 series Standard for the appliance.

19.6.5 Simulated Rain Test 19.6.5.1 When the exterior vent terminal is exposed to the test in Clause 19.7, (a) the vent system shall operate normally before, during, and immediately after the rain test; and (b) there shall be no evidence of water in the vent connector (flue pipe).

19.6.5.2 After exposure to the test in Clause 19.7, the through-the-wall venting system shall be subjected immediately to the insulation resistance test in Clause 19.8, and then to the dielectric strength test in Clause 19.9.

19.6.6 Simulated Wind Test When the exterior vent terminal is subjected to the wind test in Clause 19.10, (a) the oil-fired appliance shall continue to operate safely and reliably; (b) ignitions and shutdowns shall be smooth, safe, and reliable with no hazardous flame flashback or rollout; (c) flue-gas temperatures shall comply with the applicable CSA Standard B140 series appliance Standard; and (d) during equilibrium operating conditions, the values of the products of combustion shall comply with the applicable Standard (ie, CO, CO2, O2, and the Bacharach smoke density number).

19.7 Simulated Rain Test Procedure A simulated rain shall be applied (a) at an angle of approximately 45E to the vertical to the top and sides at a direction most likely to cause water to enter the vent terminal assembly; and (b) for a period of 1 h, at a rate of 3 mm/min (7 in/h). October 2003

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The rate of rainfall shall be determined by measuring the rise of water in a small straight-sided pan placed horizontally and completely within the area covered by the rain.

19.8 Insulation Resistance Test The insulation resistance between current-carrying parts and exposed non-current-carrying metal parts shall be not less than 50 000 S at the completion of a 1 min application of a 500 V dc test voltage.

19.9 Dielectric Strength Test The low potential circuit shall withstand the application of an ac potential between current-carrying parts and non-current-carrying metal parts that may be grounded, for a period of 1 min without breakdown. For equipment having motors of (a) 375 W (1/2 hp) and larger, and of any rated voltage from 31 to 750 V, or having preheaters rated at more than 300 V, the ac potential shall be 1000 V plus twice the rated voltage; or (b) less than 375 W (1/2 hp) and of any rated voltage from 31 to 300 V, or having preheaters rated at 300 V or less, the ac potential shall be 1000 V. For extra-low potential circuits and for motors operating at 30 V or less, the ac potential shall be 500 V. Devices such as cadmium cells that would be damaged by this test potential should be disconnected.

19.10 Simulated Wind Test Procedure 19.10.1 A wind velocity shall be produced using a blower that is capable of developing a 64 kph (40 mph) wind. The blower shall be located so that a uniform draft covering at least the vertical projected area of the exterior terminal is directed toward the terminal at a velocity of 64 km/h (40 mph) that shall not vary by more than )0% + 10% measured at each of nine or more locations 460 mm (18 in) from the windward side of the terminal. The wind directions shall be those deemed to be most critical to the particular terminal being tested.

19.10.2 Wind tests shall be done with and without any guard or shield required to satisfy Clause 19.3.19(b), unless the manufacturer specifies the use of the guard for all applications.

19.11 Abnormal Tests 19.11.1 General When the through-the-wall vent system is operated under the abnormal conditions specified in Clauses 19.11.2 to 19.11.6, there shall be no (a) evidence of damage resulting to the appliance and surrounding structure; or (b) release of products of combustion to the ambient air from the venting system.

19.11.2 Flue Gas Exhauster Failure 19.11.2.1 Motorized Vent Systems 19.11.2.1.1 The oil-burning appliance shall be set up in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended settings and each of the following conditions shall be imposed: (a) From a cold start, the primary control shall receive a call for heat signal with the vent fan inoperable. (b) During steady-state operation of the oil-burning appliance, the vent fan shall have its speed slowly reduced. (c) During steady-state operation of the oil-burning appliance, the vent shall be suddenly blocked. (d) During steady-state operation of the oil-burning appliance, the vent shall operate as near to the cutout speed as possible and still operate.

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19.11.2.1.2 When the through-the-wall vent system is subjected to the tests specified in Clause 19.11.2.1.1, the following requirements shall be met: (a) during start-up, only a momentary pulsation of the oil burner will be acceptable; (b) flue gases shall not leak into the room ambient air; and (c) the temperature on flue-gas-containing parts of the heating system shall be within the limits for Condition B of Table 3.

19.11.2.2 Nonmotorized Vent Systems 19.11.2.2.1 The oil-burning appliance shall be set up in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended settings and the following conditions shall be imposed: (a) From a cold start, the primary control shall receive a call for heat signal with the vent blocked. (b) During steady-state operation of the oil-burning appliance, the vent shall be slowly blocked. (c) During steady-state operation of the oil-burning appliance, the vent shall be suddenly blocked.

19.11.2.2.2 When the through-the-wall vent system is subjected to the tests specified in Clause 19.11.2.2.1, the following requirements shall be met in each case: (a) during start-up, only a momentary pulsation of the oil burner shall be acceptable; (b) flue gases shall not leak into the room ambient air; (c) the temperature on flue-gas-containing parts of the heating system shall be within the limits for Condition B of Table 3; and (d) if the Bacharach smoke density number of the vented flue gas rises above Number 2 (except at start-up), the oil burner shall shut down.

19.11.3 Stop and Start Tests Operation of the appliance and its venting system shall be initiated from a cold start over the range of flue-outlet pressures as specified in the applicable CSA Standard B140 series Standard for the appliance. For each appliance, the oil burner ignition and operation shall be smooth, safe, and reliable and only momentary pulsation will be acceptable and no pulsations shall be allowed in shutdown.

19.11.4 Abnormal Voltage The ignition, operation, and shutdown of each appliance shall be smooth, safe, and reliable when subjected to the normal power supply voltage ranging from 85 to 110% of the normal rated voltage of the appliance.

19.11.5 Power Failure 19.11.5.1 Oil-burning appliances equipped with electrical features shall continue to operate safely or shall shut down in the event of a power failure, and they shall operate safely upon resumption of the power supply.

19.11.5.2 The oil-burning equipment shall be installed in the appropriate test enclosure as specified in the applicable CSA Standard B140 series Standard.

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19.11.5.3 There shall be no deleterious effects to the materials and components of the equipment (eg, the combustion chamber, the installation, the electrical components, etc) or to the adjacent combustible construction, as a result of the test, nor shall any phenomena be created that would lead to unsafe operation of the appliance.

19.11.6 Exterior Terminal Assembly Strength 19.11.6.1 The exterior terminal assembly shall be sufficiently rigid in construction and supported so that it will withstand a load as specified in Clause 19.12, without extensive damage or alteration of its position with respect to the appliance. Following application of this load, the appliance shall comply with the combustion tests specified in the applicable CSA Standard B140 series Standard for each appliance.

19.11.6.2 The exterior terminal assembly shall be sufficiently rigid in construction so as not to become damaged to the extent that it would be unsafe for use when subjected to an impact test as specified in Clause 19.13. Following each impact on the terminal assembly, the appliance shall comply with the combustion tests outlined in the applicable CSA Standard B140 series Standard for each appliance.

19.12 Load Test A load shall be produced by suspending a mass of 68 kg (150 lb) evenly distributed, without impact, vertically downward on the exterior terminal assembly. The load shall be removed and shall not have caused any substantial distortion of any part of the terminal assembly or alteration of its position relative to the appliance so that the appliance would not operate satisfactorily.

19.13 Impact Test An impact shall be produced using a 2.13 m (7 ft) long pendulum consisting of a cloth bag filled with sand with a mass of 11 kg (25 lb) suspended from steel cable or rope. The bag shall be formed from a flat section of burlap, canvas, or other suitable material. A suitable plastic liner may be used to prevent sand loss. All sides and corners of the cloth shall be drawn up as tightly as possible around the sand and the excess material tied as closely as possible to the top of the bag. The bag shall have an at rest position of not more than 25 mm (1 in) measured from the edge of the bag to the nearest edge of the exterior terminal assembly. The point of impact shall be opposite the centre of gravity of the bag. The distance of swing (angle 45E) shall be measured as the angle between the pendulum arm with the bag at its at-rest position and the pendulum arm at its elevated position. The length of the pendulum is the distance measured from the point of rotation to the centre of gravity of the bag. One impact shall be made at each of the following points: (a) the centre of the vertical front surface of the terminal assembly; (b) the leading edge of the left side of the terminal, pendulum rotated left, at an angle of 45E from the point described in Item (a); and (c) the leading edge of the right side of the terminal assembly, pendulum rotated right, at an angle of 45E from the point described in Item (a). At the option of the manufacturer, the terminal assembly may be replaced following each impact and combustion test.

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20. Direct Connection of Combustion Air 20.1 General This Clause applies to oil-fired appliances vented through either a chimney flue or a through-the-wall venting system.

20.2 Definition A direct connection combustion air system is a duct or duct system directly connected to the appliance, consisting of the sum of the components necessary for the safe and reliable operation of and delivery of combustion air from the outside directly to an oil-fired appliance.

20.3 Construction 20.3.1 The combustion air duct system shall be designed and constructed such that it is sufficiently substantial for the conditions of use in the proximity of the fuel burning appliance and can be permanently secured in place.

20.3.2 The components required to convey the combustion air to the burner from outdoors shall comply with the requirements of this Clause.

20.3.3 A direct connection combustion air system shall comply with the intent of Clause 4.

20.3.4 Where the system is fitted with a draft proving device, the draft proving device shall be suitable for 100 000 cycles.

20.3.5 The electrical features of the direct connection combustion air system shall comply with CSA Standard C22.2 No. 3.

20.3.6 The electrical supply to the combustion air system shall be supplied from the appliance that it serves.

20.3.7 The combustion air system shall be equipped with a means to prevent operation of the burner in the event of combustion air system failure.

20.3.8 When the system has not been designed for the simultaneous operation of any combination of appliances, a suitable means shall be provided in the control circuit to prevent such operation.

20.3.9 The combustion air system shall be provided with means for attachment to the appliance and the building structure that will result in a secure assembly and comply with the requirements of Clause 19.11.6.

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20.3.10 The complete combustion air system, with the exception of standard combustion air connector pipe or duct, shall be provided by the manufacturer of the heating appliance. Unless it is specifically designed for field assembly, it shall be completely assembled.

20.3.11 If a nonmetal is used it shall be suitable for the purpose and of sufficient physical strength and suitable thermal properties.

20.3.12 If one of the following sheet metals is used, the minimum thickness, including any coatings, shall be (a) 0.41 mm (0.016 in) for (i) galvanized steel; (ii) aluminum alloys; (iii) aluminized steel; and (iv) chromized steel; or (b) 0.31 mm (0.012 in) for stainless steel.

20.3.13 Metal shall not be used in combinations such as to cause detrimental galvanic action that will adversely affect any part of the assembly.

20.3.14 Exterior air intake terminal components shall be made of corrosion-resistant material or have a corrosionresistant finish to resist weather related corrosion.

20.4 Normal Tests 20.4.1 Draft The flue outlet pressure shall be set as indicated in the normal combustion test in the B140 series standard test for the appliance.

20.4.2 Draft Proving Device If a draft proving device is used to prove mechanical draft, it shall be tested to determine the pressure(s) at which the device operates. The pressure(s) shall be recorded.

20.4.3 Pulsation The appliance shall not pulsate when fired according to the manufacturer’s instructions and operated at the recommended draft, smoke spot, and fuel input. Note: A momentary pulsation following ignition is permissible.

20.4.4 Combustion Tests The combustion test applied shall comply with the applicable B140 series Standard for the appliance.

20.4.5 Simulated Rain Test 20.4.5.1 When the exterior combustion air terminal is exposed to the test in Clause 19.7, (a) the combustion air system shall operate normally before, during, and immediately after the rain test; and (b) there shall be no evidence of water in the combustion air duct.

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20.4.5.2 If applicable, after exposure to the test in Clause 20.4.5.1, the combustion air system shall be subjected immediately to the insulation resistance test in Clause 19.8, and then to the dielectric strength test in Clause 19.9.

20.4.6 Simulated Wind Test When the exterior combustion air terminal is subjected to the wind test in Clause 19.10.1, (a) the oil-fired appliance shall continue to operate safely and reliably; (b) ignitions and shutdowns shall be smooth, safe, and reliable with no hazardous flame flashback or rollout; (c) flue-gas temperatures shall comply with the applicable CSA Standard B140 series appliance Standard; and (d) during equilibrium operating conditions, the values of the products of combustion shall comply with the applicable Standard (ie, CO, CO2, O2, and the Bacharach smoke density number).

20.5 Abnormal Tests 20.5.1 Combustion Air System Obstruction 20.5.1.1 The appliance shall be set up according to the manufacturer’s recommended settings (with the exception of flue outlet pressure) and the following conditions shall be imposed: (a) From a cold start, the primary control shall receive a call for heat signal with the combustion air intake terminal blocked. (b) During continuity condition operation of the appliance, the combustion air intake terminal shall be slowly blocked. (c) During continuity condition operation of the appliance, the combustion air intake terminal shall be suddenly blocked.

20.5.1.2 When the combustion air system is subjected to the tests specified in Clause 20.5.1.1, the following requirements shall be met in each case: (a) during start-up, only a momentary pulsation of the oil burner will be acceptable; and (b) if the Bacharach smoke number of the vented gases is above Number 2, the appliance burner shall shut down.

20.5.2 Stop and Start Tests Operation of the appliance and its combustion air system shall be initiated from a cold start over the range of flue outlet pressures as specified in the applicable B140 series Standard. For each appliance, the oil burner ignition and operation shall be smooth, safe, and reliable (only momentary pulsation will be acceptable and no pulsations are allowed in shutdown).

20.5.3 Abnormal Voltage The ignition, operation, and shutdown of the appliance shall be smooth, safe, and reliable when subjected to the normal power supply voltage ranging from 85 to 110% of the normal rated voltage of the appliance.

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20.5.4 Power Failure 20.5.4.1 Appliances equipped with electrical features shall continue to operate safely or shall shut down in the event of a power failure, and they shall operate safely upon resumption of the power supply.

20.5.4.2 The equipment shall be installed in the appropriate test enclosure described in the applicable appliance Standard.

20.5.4.3 There shall be no deleterious effects to the materials and components of the equipment (eg, the combustion chamber, the installation, the electrical components, etc) or to the adjacent combustible construction, as a result of the test; nor shall any phenomena be created that would lead to unsafe operation of the appliance.

21. Gas Passageway Leakage Test 21.1 Heat Exchanger Leakage Test For appliances that are operated under positive internal pressure, the heat exchanger shall be sealed at the flue collar and the burner mounting flange (the burner flange gasket shall be in place). A supply of clean air at room temperature shall be introduced through a flow meter and into the system to pressurize it to the required test pressure. There shall be no leakage of the products of combustion from the heat exchanger in excess of 2%. The leakage shall be determined as specified in Clause 21.3. The required test pressure is the maximum internal pressure to which the appliance heat exchanger is subjected under normal operation Note: For example, in the case of an oil-fired warm air heating appliance for mobile and recreational vehicles, the required pressure is 10 Pa (0.04 in wc), (nominal 16 kph (10 mph) wind). In the case of a direct vented appliance in which the oil burner provides the pressure to expel the products of combustion through an exterior wall terminal, the maximum internal pressure is normally that produced by the 64 kph (40 mph) wind test ie, 164 Pa (0.66 in wc).

21.2 Vent System Leakage Test For vent systems that are operated under positive internal pressure, the vent system shall be sealed at the flue collar and the terminal exit. A supply of clean air at room temperature shall be introduced through a flow meter and into the system to pressurize it to the required test pressure. There shall be no leakage of the products of combustion from the venting system in excess of 2%. The leakage shall be determined as specified in Clause 21.3. The required test pressure is the maximum internal pressure to which the appliance vent system is subjected under normal operation Note: For example, in the case of a direct vented appliance in which the oil burner provides the pressure to expel the products of combustion through an exterior wall terminal, the maximum internal pressure is normally that produced by the 64 kph (40 mph) wind test ie, 164 Pa (0.66 in wc).

21.3 Leakage The leakage shall be determined as Lc = 0.02 × V × I where Lc = the allowable leakage rate, m3/h (ft3/h);

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V

=

I

=

Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

0.425 m3 (15 ft3) of flue products based on the formation of approximately 0.283 m3 (10 ft 3 ) of dry flue products plus 0.142 m3 (5 ft3) of excess air when 1.055 MJ (1000 Btu) of fuel is burned; input rating in kBtu/h.

22. Used-Oil-Burning Appliances 22.1 General 22.1.1 Vented appliances burning used oil in a vaporizing- or an atomizing-type burner and such devices as may be required to control the supply of fuel shall comply with the additional requirements of Clauses 22.2 to 22.5.

22.1.2 These requirements apply to appliances for installation only in commercial or industrial premises.

22.1.3 These requirements apply to appliances burning used oil generated on the premises of the owner or under certain conditions permitted by the regulatory authority. Note: Used oil generated outside of the premises of the owner may be subject to additional monitoring or extra controls as to contents and additives.

22.1.4 These requirements apply to appliances with a fuel input rate of 9 L/h (2 Canadian gph, 2.4 USgph or less. Appliances having a burning rate greater than 9 L/h (2 Canadian gph, 2.4 USgph, may be examined and tested in accordance with the intent of these requirements.

22.2 Marking 22.2.1 General The markings shall comply with the applicable requirements specified in Clause 5.

22.2.2 Details Required Used-oil-burning appliances with a vaporizing- or an atomizing-type oil burner shall be plainly marked in a permanent manner with the following: (a) the manufacturer’s name, trade name, or other recognized symbol of identification; (b) the model or type designation; (c) the type of fuel oil to be used; (d) the maximum input in suitable units, ie, L/h (Canadian or USgph); (e) the electrical rating, when applicable, as specified by CSA Standard C22.2 No 3; (f) the words “THIS APPLIANCE HAS BEEN EVALUATED TO ELECTRICAL AND FUEL-BURNING REQUIREMENTS ONLY”; (g) installation clearances, including height above floor in garages, service stations, etc; (h) the stack height and separation distance requirements specified in Clause 22.3.2(b). (i) maintenance and operating instructions, including the following: (i) complete ignition and shutdown procedures; (ii) instructions for monthly and annual maintenance and cleaning; (iii) the procedure to be followed to ensure correct combustion (eg, flame appearance or CO2 readings); (iv) instructions for the removal of excess oil from the combustion chamber (or burner) when such has accumulated; October 2003

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(j) Cautions, including the following: (i) “NOT FOR RESIDENTIAL USE”; (ii) “ONLY USED OIL GENERATED ON THE PREMISES OF THE OWNER MAY BE USED IN THIS EQUIPMENT, UNLESS WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS OBTAINED FROM THE REGULATORY AUTHORITY”; (iii) “EVERY MONTH, THE FIRE SIDE OF THE HEAT EXCHANGER AND FLUE PIPING MUST BE CLEANED”; (iv) “EVERY MONTH, THE OIL-FEED RESERVOIR MUST BE CLEANED”; (v) “EVERY YEAR, THE EXHAUST STACK MUST BE CLEANED”; (vi) “WHENEVER ANY CLEANING, INCLUDING THAT OF THE FLUE PIPING AND EXHAUST STACK, IS DONE, PROPER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING INCLUDING GLOVES AND A FACE MASK OR RESPIRATOR MUST BE WORN”; (vii) “DO NOT ATTEMPT TO LIGHT A HOT APPLIANCE”; (viii) “DO NOT ATTEMPT TO START THE BURNER WHEN EXCESS OIL HAS ACCUMULATED”; (ix) “DO NOT TAMPER WITH CONTROLS, CALL YOUR SERVICEMAN”; (x) “DO NOT ADD ANY CLEANING FLUIDS OR OIL ADDITIVES TO THE USED OIL BURNED IN THIS APPLIANCE”; (xi) “KEEP THE FUEL VALVE NEAREST TO THE SUPPLY TANK Shut-off WHEN THE BURNER IS SHUT OFF FOR EXTENDED PERIODS”; and (xii) “REFER TO OPERATING MANUAL FOR FURTHER INFORMATION”.

22.2.3 Used-Oil-Burning Appliances with a Vaporizing-Type Burner An appliance with a vaporizing-type burner shall have the markings specified in Clause 22.2.2 and (a) “EVERY DAY, ASH AND OTHER DEPOSITS MUST BE REMOVED FROM THE BURNER COMBUSTION CHAMBER”; and (b) The wording or equivalent: “UNIT TO BE STARTED WITH [An identification of the correct oil or oils to be used for starting] OIL ONLY. DO NOT USE GASOLINE. NO OTHER TYPES OF FUELS OR SOLVENT CAN BE USED OR SUBSTITUTED FOR THIS PURPOSE”.

22.3 Instructions 22.3.1 General 22.3.1.1 The instructions shall comply with the applicable requirements of Clause 6.

22.3.1.2 The manufacturer shall provide installation, operating, and service instructions with each appliance. The installation, operating, and service instructions may be combined into one publication.

22.3.2 Installation Instructions The installation instructions shall include the following information where applicable: (a) a complete list of all subassemblies or components packed separately; (b) instructions that the installation, including stack height requirements and distance from the property line, shall be in accordance with the authorities having jurisdiction concerning environmental quality, as well as fuel, fire, and electrical safety and Table 7; (c) information that the structure in which the used-oil-burning appliance is housed shall be no less than 4.6 m (15 ft) high at the point where the appliance is situated and have a minimum length and width of 6 m (20 ft) and a minimum floor area of 37 m2 (400 ft2); (d) data for proper installation of all subassemblies and components; Note: Cross-sectional drawings and/or illustrative descriptions of step-by-step methods of installing the equipment.

(e) a wiring diagram for the electrical equipment;

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(f) instructions regarding the installation of the fuel tank including the minimum clearance between the fuel tank and the appliance; (g) installation clearances, including height above floor in garages, service stations, etc; (h) suitable means for facilitating regular maintenance; (i) the recommended draft; (j) instructions for installation of the vent connector (flue pipe) including minimum clearance to combustible material; and (k) information relative to the supply of air for satisfactory combustion into the room in which the equipment is located.

22.3.3 Service Instructions The service instructions shall include the following information where applicable: (a) an indicated space for the name, address and telephone number of the service personnel; (b) information with respect to the regular general maintenance and care to be given the appliance, including mention of necessary care to be taken as noted in Clause 2; (c) instructions to be followed in cleaning the fuel strainer or filter and the burner; (d) information relative to checking the installation; (e) recommendations for cleaning and replacing the vent connector (flue pipe); (f) information regarding adjusting and operating electrical controls; (g) instructions for adjusting the draft regulator if one is supplied; (h) the appearance of the flame for proper combustion, at high and low fire; and (i) instructions for the removal of excess oil from the combustion chamber when such has accumulated.

22.3.4 Operating Instructions Operating instructions shall contain the following information where applicable: (a) a caution to read and save these instructions for reference; (b) the type of fuel oil to be used; (c) the maximum input in suitable units, ie, L/h (Canadian or USgph); (d) all maintenance and operating instructions included in Clause 22.2.2(h); (e) all cautions included in Clause 22.2.2 (i) or Clause 22.3 as applicable; (f) the following additional caution with words to the effect that “USED OILS CONTAIN HEAVY METALLIC COMPOUNDS AND FOREIGN MATERIALS. WHEN BURNED, THESE COMPOUNDS ARE EMITTED FROM OR DEPOSITED WITHIN THIS HEATING APPLIANCE AND THEREFORE CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN WHEN USING, CLEANING AND MAINTAINING THIS EQUIPMENT”; and (g) “KEEP THE FUEL VALVE NEAREST TO THE SUPPLY TANK SHUT OFF WHEN THE BURNER IS SHUT OFF FOR EXTENDED PERIODS”.

22.4 Tests — Normal Operation 22.4.1 General 22.4.1.1 The appliance shall perform safely when installed and operated in accordance with the instructions supplied by the manufacturer.

22.4.1.2 The instrumentation and methods of testing shall be in accordance with the procedures in Clause 7. Note: Local regulations may require additional on-site tests.

22.4.1.3 For test purposes the voltage to be used shall be as listed in Table 8 and unless otherwise stated in rated voltage.

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22.4.2 Test Oil The oil for the tests of the used-oil-burning appliance shall be (a) Type A — a mix of approximately equal quantities of lubricating oil drainings from three different sources such as automotive service stations, with care that the samples include representative amounts of heavy ends, sludge, etc, as drained from automobile engines; (b) Type B — a mix of four volumes of Type A oil and one volume of winter grade regular gasoline; or (c) Type C — conventional fluid as drained from automobile automatic transmissions.

22.4.3 Combustion 22.4.3.1 Requirements 22.4.3.1.1 Combustion shall be stable and complete at all firing rates in the operating range of the burner under normal operating conditions.

22.4.3.1.2 The density of the smoke in the flue gases shall not exceed that corresponding to a (a) No. 1 Bacharach smoke-spot for an appliance using an atomizing burner; or (b) No. 7 Bacharach smoke-spot for an appliance using a vaporizing burner or at any firing rate at which the burner can be operated.

22.4.3.2 Procedures 22.4.3.2.1 The start-up shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. The firing rate shall be adjusted to that specified by the manufacturer, ± 2%, using used oil Type A, B, and C as specified in Clause 22.4.2 in sequence.

22.4.3.2.2 Where applicable, the combustion air supply shall be adjusted to establish the air fuel ratio recommended by the manufacturer. Note: For the purpose of these tests, the percentage CO2 in the flue gases may be specified and used in establishing the air fuel ratio.

22.4.3.2.3 For natural draft installations, the chimney draft shall be the minimum draft recommended by the manufacturer, but shall not exceed 14.9 Pa (0.06 in wc).

22.4.3.2.4 For mechanical draft installations, the over-fire draft shall be the minimum draft recommended by the manufacturer.

22.4.3.2.5 The combustion characteristics shall be determined after steady-state operating conditions have been established and after 8 h of continuous operation.

22.4.4 Ignition Ignition shall be evaluated using Type B used oil as specified in Clause 22.4.2. Ignition, if it occurs, shall be safe, smooth, and reliable under each of the conditions specified in (a) Clause 7.3 of CSA Standard B140.1 for vaporizing-type oil burners; or

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(b) Clause 7.3 of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-B140.2.1 for atomizing-type oil burners. The performance of the combustion safety control used with an atomizing-type oil burner shall comply with Clause 7.10 of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-B140.2.1.

22.4.5 Temperature 22.4.5.1 The temperature limits for any component or material shall be as specified in Table 3 when the test ambient is corrected to 25EC (77EF).

22.4.5.2 For continuous operation, the maximum temperature of any component or material shall not exceed the limits specified for normal operation.

22.4.5.3 The flue gas temperature shall not exceed 400EC (750EF).

22.4.6 Continuity of Operation 22.4.6.1 Each heater equipped for the attachment of a duct or ducts shall be subjected to the Continuity of Operation Test in Clauses 22.4.6.2 to 22.4.6.5, and the Temperature Test in Clause 22.4.5 shall be run in conjunction with it.

22.4.6.2 The outlet temperature at which the safety limit control, when adjusted to its maximum setting, functions to shut off or reduce the flow of fuel to the burner shall be determined by gradually reducing the air flow through the heater by reducing both the inlet and outlet openings simultaneously.

22.4.6.3 The limit control and operating control shall function to limit the temperature at the air outlet to a maximum of 121EC (250EF).

22.4.6.4 The limit control and operating control shall be bypassed and the heater shall be operated at its rated maximum fuel input.

22.4.6.5 The duct or ducts shall be restricted to produce a static pressure in the duct(s) equal to the maximum operating static pressure marked on the heater.

22.4.7 Flue-Gas Analysis The composition of the flue gases shall be determined periodically during the test in accordance with the procedures in Clause 7.

22.5 Tests — Abnormal Operation The burner assembly and heating unit shall comply with the requirements of (a) Clause 7.5 of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-B140.2.1 for appliances using an atomizing-type oil burner; or (b) Clause 8 of CSA Standard B140.1 for appliances using a vaporizing-type oil burner.

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Table 1 Wall Thickness for Tubing (See Clauses 4.12.1.4 and 4.12.3.4.)

66

Aluminum, brass, and copper

Steel

Outside diameter

Minimum wall thickness

Tolerance, wall, minus

Wall thickness

mm

in

mm

in

mm

in

mm

in

3)10

1/8)3/8 incl.

0.76

0.030

0.088

0.004

0.70

0.028

11)14

7/16)9/16 incl.

0.88

0.035

0.088

0.0035

0.70

0.028

15)18

5/8

1.02

0.040

0.088

0.0035

0.90

0.035

19)21

3/4

1.06

0.042

0.088

0.0035

0.90

0.035

22)24

7/8

1.14

0.045

0.102

0.004

1.24

0.049

25)29

1)1-1/8

1.28

0.050

0.102

0.004

1.24

0.049

30)35

1-1/8 )1-3/8

1.40

0.055

0.114

0.0045

1.24

0.049

36)50

1-1/2

1.78

0.070

0.128

0.005

1.64

0.065

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Table 2 Instrument Accuracy and Testing Tolerance (See Clause 12.6.1.) Property

Units

Accuracy

Tolerance

Electric energy

V, W, A

±1%

—

Speed

rpm

±1%

—

Draft

Pa

±2%

0.625 Pa (0.0025 in wc)

Static pressure

Pa

±2%

2.5 Pa (0.01 in wc)

Liquid flow

L/h

±1%

2%

Mass

kg

±0.2%

—

Liquid pressure

kPa

±1%

—

Fuel oil input (firing rate)

L/h (USgph)

0.2%

2%

Gas input

m3/h

0.2%

2%

Gas pressure

kPa

±2%

—

Barometric pressure

kPa

±0.02%

—

Flue-gas analysis (volumetric)

CO2, O2, and CO

±0.2 % ±4 mg/L (±4 ppm)

0.5%

Temperature

EC

±0.5%

2%

Time

h

±0.5 s/h

—

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Table 3 Maximum Allowable Temperatures for General Construction Materials (Nonelectrical) (Total or Gross Temperatures Are Specified) (See Clauses 13.3, 13.5.2, 13.5.4(b), 13.6.10, 19.6.1, 19.11.2.1.2, 19.11.2.2.2 and 22.4.5.1.) Maximum allowable temperature

Component material

Operating condition A EC (EF)

Operating condition B EC (EF)

Reference notes

1

Combustible construction (test enclosure walls, floors, etc)

90 (194)

120 (248)

(a)

2

Combustible materials (wood, felt, cotton, organic fibres, etc)

90 (194)

120 (248)

(a)

3

Surface of equipment in direct contact with combustible construction or materials

90 (194)

120 (248)

(a)

4

Air filters

90 (194)

120 (248)

(a)

5

Knobs, handles, levers, etc

See Note b(i)

See Note b(ii)

(b)

6

Fuel oil in retainers

40 (104)

50 (120)

(c)

7

Bearings

120 (248)

—

(d)

8

Carbon steel sheets and plates

540 (1000)

650 (1200)

(e)

9

Cast iron and low-alloy cast steels

540 (1000)

650 (1200)

(e), (f), (g), (h)

10

Galvanized and sheradized steels and iron and galvannealed steel

315 (600)

370 (700)

(i)

11

Aluminized and calorized steel

600 (1110)

680 (1260)

(j), (k)

12

Chromized steel

700 (1290)

800 (1470)

(k)

13

Ceramic coated carbon steels

600 (1110)

700 (1290)

(l)

14

Stainless steels (AISI types): (a) Austenitic types; (% Cr)% Ni) specified: 301 (18-8) 303 (18-8), 306 (18-8) 302 (18-8) 304 (18-8), 321 (18-8, Ti), 347 (18-8, Cb) 302B (18-8, Si) 309 (20-12, 24-15) 310 (25-20, Si), 314 (25-20, Si) (b) Ferritic types; (% Cr) specified: 409 (11) 430 (17) 442, 442B (21) 446 (27)

(m), (n), (o) 790 (1450) 705 (1300) 820 (1510) 870 (1600) 955 (1750) 1040 (1900)

900 (1650) 815 (1500) 930 (1710) 980 (1800) 1065 (1950) 1150 (2100)

705 (1300) 760 (1400) 870 (1600) 1040 (1900)

790 (1450) 870 (1600) 980 (1800) 1150 (2100) (Continued)

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Table 3 (Continued) Maximum allowable temperature

Component material (c) Martensitic types; (% Cr) specified: 501 (5, Mo) (7, Mo) (9, Mo) 403, 410 (12) 416 (13) 440 (17 15

High-alloy cast steels: (ACI Type No. and % C-% Ni specified): CB, CC, CE, CF, CH, CK, and CN Series HB (20-2), HF (18-8) HC (28-4), HE (29-10), HH (25-12) HI (28-15,) HK (25-20), HL (30-20)

Operating condition A EC (EF)

Operating condition B EC (EF)

540 (1000) 570 (1060) 600 (1110) 620 (1150) 650 (1200) 680 (1260)

620 (1150) 650 (1200) 680 (1260) 730 (1350) 730 (1350) 790 (1450)

Reference notes

(p) 650 (1200) 760 (1400) 980 (1800) 1040 (1900)

760 (1400) 870 (1600) 1100 (2010) 1150 (2100)

205)315 (400)600)

260)370 (500)700)

Type 1100 3300 2014, 2017, 2024, 5052 etc

205 (400) 260 (500) 315 (600)

260 (500) 315 (600) 370 (700)

17

Aluminum base castings

205 (400)

315 (600)

(q)

18

Zinc base castings

120 (248)

230 (450)

(s)

19

Refractory materials ) (firebrick, mortar, etc)

(t)

20

Heat-insulating materials ) (metal foils, inorganic fibres, etc)

(u), (v)

16

Aluminum alloys

(q), (r)

General Notes to Table 3: (1) For an explanation of the terms Operating Condition A and Operating Condition B, see Clause 13.4. (2) This Table specifies the service operating temperatures for materials generally encountered in the construction of oil-burning equipment. The Table is not intended to be all-inclusive. Suitable engineering handbooks or technical papers shall be consulted for the maximum allowable temperatures for materials not listed in Table 3. Electrical construction materials and components are listed in CSA Standard C22.2 No. 3. Reference Notes to Table 3: (a) The maximum allowable temperature rises are (i) 65EC (117EF) for Operating Condition A; and (ii) 98EC (175EF) for Operating Condition B. (b) The maximum allowable temperature under (i) Operating Condition A with an exposure time of 3 s shall be 55EC (131EF) for metal, 68EC (154EF) for glass, 85EC (185EF) for plastic, or 100EC (212EF) for wood. (ii) Operating Condition B with an exposure time of 2 s shall be 60EC (140EF) for metal, 75EC (167EF) for glass, 100EC (212EF) for plastic, or 120EC (248EF) for wood. (c) The maximum allowable temperature rises are (i) 14EC (25EF) for Operating Condition A; and (ii) 22EC (40EF) for Operating Condition B. (d) Higher temperature limits may be permitted for bearings that are designed for application at higher temperatures, provided that the bearing materials and lubricants are suitable for the temperatures encountered. (Continued)

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Table 3 (Concluded) (e) The maximum continuous service operating temperature for carbon steel sheets and cast iron is 480EC (900EF). (f) A temperature limit of 650EC (1200EF) is permitted for the cooking surfaces of oil-burning ranges during the Normal Temperature Test specified in CSA Standard B140.3. (g) Low-alloy cast steels are those with a total alloy content of less than 8%. For high-alloy cast steels, see Item 15. (h) The temperature limits specified do not apply to “special” cast fire-pots. (i) Galvanized steel is zinc-coated. Sheradized steel is zinc-impregnated. When galvanized steel is used for its reflective properties, or as a protective coating, the temperature limits are important because flaking (or peeling) will occur above 370EC (700EF). (j) Aluminized steel is aluminum-coated. Calorized steel is aluminum-impregnated. The exposed edges and corners of the steel (eg, after shearing) must be suitably protected if not aluminized or calorized. The temperature limit (Operating Condition A) should be held to 540EC (1000EF) when aluminized steel is used for its reflective properties. (k) Chromized steel is a carbon steel sheet with a diffused ferritic stainless coating. The coating may vary from approximately 25% chromium at the surface to about 13% at the interface. Coating thickness is 0.038 to 0.051 mm (0.0015 to 0.002 in). (l) This classification is applicable to the surface temperature of ceramic coatings applied to plain carbon steels. These limits do not apply to refractory and ceramic-coated heat-resisting steels. (m) AISI numbers are specified for stainless steels. The nominal percentages of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), are specified in parenthesis following the type number, and are approximate only. Principal additional alloying elements are specified, where applicable. (n) In general, the maximum allowable temperature for a stainless steel or other alloy is based upon a temperature limit of 90EC (200EF) below the scaling temperature generally recognized for the particular material. Such properties and characteristics as stability, scaling, intergranular-corrosion, etc, should be considered. For example, martensitic and ferritic stainless steels are recommended for parts that may be subject to wide temperature gradients, and for parts exposed at high temperatures to the products of combustion. Austenitic stainless steels, if used for such parts, must be suitably stabilized (ie, with the addition of columbium (Cb) or titanium (Ti)) to reduce sensitivity to intergranularcorrosion (eg, to avoid embrittlement of the steel resulting from carbon precipitation at the boundary layers). The effects of repeated wide gradient heating and cooling cycles through the critical temperature range of 480 to 820EC (900EF to 1500EF) must be considered where applicable, when determining the suitability of a particular steel for a particular application. (o) In general, the higher the chromium content, the higher the permitted maximum operating temperature. Heatresisting properties (eg, resistance to scaling) improve with increasing chromium content. In general, the addition of nickel imparts greater strength at elevated temperatures. (p) For the purpose of these requirements, high-alloy cast steels (eg, heat-resisting steels) are those having a total alloy content in excess of 8% with the chromium content exceeding 6%. (q) Only general values of temperature limits are given for aluminum. Acceptable maximum permissible temperatures for other particular aluminum alloys are to be based upon recognized engineering data. (r) Application of aluminum sheets for heat shields must take cognizance of the effect of the environment (eg, temperature, soot, etc) on the reflective properties. (s) For die-castings and similar parts, consult standard reference sources. The melting points of some die-cast materials are low, and the applications of such materials should involve consideration of the potential fire hazards. (t) This classification includes firebrick, mortars, fire-clay, and similar materials subjected to high operating temperatures such as encountered in combustion chambers, etc. Refractory materials used for combustion chambers and combustion chamber-linings should have a duty rating that is known to be suitable for continuous service at a temperature of at least 1040EC (1900EF) and this duty rating (specified in terms of temperature) should be increased where the firing-rate or the service conditions warrant. The acceptability of a specific refractory material for a particular application will require (i) no evidence of spalling, whether of the thermal, mechanical, or structural variety; (ii) no evidence of fluxing, slagging, secondary vitrification, and/or shrinkage; (iii) ability to withstand abuses of service and shipment, and resistance to mechanical stresses; (iv) suitable strength of mortar joints or bonds, or both, to metal surfaces; and (v) consideration of density, strength, and thermal conductivity. (u) This classification includes inorganic fibrous material, metal foils, foil-faced spun glass, plain spun glass wool in sheets and batts, exfoliated vermiculite, and similar materials subjected to moderate operating temperatures such as encountered in heat insulation. All materials classified as heat-insulation are to be heat-resisting and to have flameretarding properties. (v) All heat insulation must be suitably secured in position. Any adhesives or binding agents used in connection with heat insulation shall be of a type known to be suitable for the conditions involved in the particular application, or will be the subject of special investigation.

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Table 4 Higher Heating Values for Fuel Oil (See Clause 16.2.1.) Higher heating value, HHV

Higher heating value, HHV

Density, kg/L at 15 EC

EAPI

kJ/kg

kJ/L

Relative density, at 60EF

EAPI

lb/USG Btu/lb

Btu/USG

0.8850 0.8800 0.8750 0.8700 0.8650 0.8600

28 29 30 31 32 33

45 200 45 100 45 180 45 250 45 330 45 410

39 840 39 690 39 030 39 370 39 210 39 050

0.8871 0.8816 0.8762 0.8708 0.8654 0.8602

28 29 30 31 32 33

7.396 7.350 7.305 7.257 7.215 7.171

19 350 19 380 19 420 19 450 19 490 19 520

143 100 142 500 141 800 141 200 140 600 140 000

0.8550 0.8500 0.8450 0.8400 0.8350 0.8300

34 35 36 37 38 39

45 480 45 560 45 630 45 710 45 780 45 850

38 890 38 720 38 560 38 390 38 230 38 060

0.8550 0.8498 0.8448 0.8398 0.8348 0.8299

34 35 36 37 38 39

7.128 7.085 7.043 7.001 6.960 6.919

19 560 19 590 19 620 19 650 19 690 19 720

139 400 138 800 138 200 137 600 137 000 136 400

0.8250 0.8200 0.8150 0.8100 0.8050

40 41 42 43 44

45 930 46 000 46 070 46 140 46 210

37 890 37 720 37 550 37 370 37 200

0.8251 0.8203 0.8155 0.8109 0.8063

40 41 42 43 44

6.879 6.839 6.799 6.760 6.722

19 750 19 780 19 810 19 830 19 860

135 800 135 200 134 700 134 100 133 500

Table 5 Adjustment of Observed API Gravity to Standard API Gravity at 60EF (See Clause 16.2.2.) Observed temperature of oil, EF

Observed API gravity, EAPI 24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

50 60 70 80 90 100

24.6 24.0 23.4 22.8 22.2 21.6

25.6 25.0 24.4 23.8 23.2 22.6

26.6 26.0 25.4 24.8 24.2 23.6

27.6 27.0 26.4 25.7 25.1 24.5

28.7 28.0 27.4 26.7 26.1 25.5

29.7 29.0 28.3 27.7 27.1 26.5

30.7 30.0 29.3 28.7 28.0 27.4

31.7 31.0 30.3 29.6 29.0 28.4

32.7 32.0 31.3 30.6 30.0 29.3

33.7 33.0 32.3 31.6 31.9 30.3

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

34.7 34.0 33.3 32.6 31.9 31.3

35.7 35.0 34.3 33.6 32.9 32.2

36.7 36.0 35.3 34.6 33.8 33.2

37.7 37.0 36.2 35.5 34.8 34.1

38.7 38.0 37.2 36.5 35.8 35.1

39.8 39.0 38.2 37.5 36.7 36.1

40.8 40.0 39.2 38.4 37.7 37.0

41.8 41.0 40.2 39.4 38.7 37.9

42.8 42.0 41.2 40.4 39.6 38.9

43.8 43.0 42.2 41.4 40.6 39.8

50 60 70 80 90 100

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Table 6 Altitude Correction Factors (See Clause 16.2.6.) Approximate altitude, m (ft)

Barometric pressure, kPa (in Hg)

Correction factor

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1800 2000

101.0 99.0 97.0 95.0 92.5 90.0 88.0 86.0 82.5 80.0

1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.26

(0) (660) (1310) (1970) (2630) (3280) (3940) (4590) (5910) (6560)

(29.9) (29.3) (28.7) (28.2) (27.4) (26.7) (26.1) (25.5) (24.5) (23.7)

Note: For example, the effective rated output capacity of a furnace for regions higher than sea level may be estimated by dividing the rated output capacity at sea level by the conversion factor corresponding to the higher altitude indicated in the Table.

Table 7 Stack Height and Separation Distance Requirements (See Clause 22.3.2(b).) For an appliance with heat input, kW (Btu/h)

Minimum height of stack above roof at point of exit, m (ft)

Distance from edge of building to nearest property line, m (ft)

up to 29 (100 000) over 29 to 103 (100 000 to 350 000)

3.6 (12) 5.5 (18)

5.2 (17) 5.2 (17)

Table 8 Test Voltages (See Clause 22.4.1.3.) Voltage

Per cent of rated voltage

Nominal

Rated

70

75

85

110

110 to 120

120

84

90

102

132

220 to 240

240

168

180

204

264

440 to 480

480

336

360

408

528

550 to 600

600

420

450

510

660

Note: For other nominal voltages, the rated voltage shall be the same as the nominal voltage.

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Security lock

Lock-seam

Acme lock

Gordon seam

Double lock

Offset double seam

Fold-locked standing seam

Figure 1 Examples of Some Acceptable Lock-Seam Joints (See Clause 4.8.3.)

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Static pressure measurement location — for instrumentation see Table 2

Regulated draft section

Impressed draft (”uncontrolled draft”)

Draft regulator on test

Tight-closing hand turn damper

D 4D

4D

4D

To induced draft fan, min. capacity of 0.00053 D2 m3/min (12 D2 ft3/min) at 75 Pa (0.30 in wc)

Flat plate orifice orifice = 0.427 D diameter

Legend: D = nominal size of draft regulator in millimetres (inches)

Figure 2 Test Apparatus for Draft Regulators (See Clause 10.3.1.)

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

65 mm (2-1/2 in) dia.

Thermocouple junction to be located on the midpoint of the axis

Open-ended bright metal shield 100 mm (4 in)

Figure 3 Thermocouple for Room Air Temperature Measurement (See Clause 13.6.9.)

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C

Section

E

D

A

Test

B

450 mm (18 in) approx.

Unit F

Legend: A — Flue-gas temperature point B — CO2% point C — Chimney draft point D— Smoke density point E — Draft regulator F — Flue collar Notes: (1) For appliances having horizontal flue outlet and requiring a vertical test section. (2) See Figure 7 for details of test section.

Figure 4 Vent Connector (Flue Pipe) Test Section Type V (See Clauses 8.5.4, 14.1.2, 14.2.1(a)(i), and 14.4.2.)

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

E

450 mm (18 in) approx. D

F

Section

Test

Unit A

B

C

Legend: A — Flue-gas temperature point B — CO2% point C — Chimney draft point D— Smoke density point E — Draft regulator F — Flue collar Notes: (1) For appliances having a vertical flue outlet and requiring a horizontal test section (except trailer heaters — see CSA Standard B140.10). (2) See Figure 7 for details of test section.

Figure 5 Vent Connector (Flue Pipe) Test Section Type H-1 (See Clauses 8.5.4, 14.1.2, 14.2.1(a)(ii), and 14.4.2.)

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E

A

B

Test

C

D

Section

Upward slope 20 mm/m (1/4 in/ft)

Unit 450 mm (18 in)

Legend: A — Flue-gas temperature point B — CO2% point C — Chimney draft point D— Smoke density point E — Draft regulator

Notes: (1) For floor furnace appliances. (2) All dimensions are approximate. (3) See Figure 7 for details of test section.

Figure 6 Vent Connector (Flue Pipe) Test Section Type H-2 (See Clauses 8.5.4, 14.1.2, 14.2.1(b)(ii), and 14.4.2.)

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D

Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Flue pipe diameter D D

32 mm (1-1/4 in)

3 Holes 3 mm (1/8 in) dia.

32 mm (1-1/4 in)

C B

A

E

Centreline of flue pipe

450 mm (18 in) from locations shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6

32 mm (1-1/4 in)

Legend: A — Flue-gas thermocouple (see Figures 8 and 9) B — CO2 sampling tube, 6 to 10 mm (1/4 to 3/8 in) OD C — Draft sampling tube, 6 mm (1/4 in) OD D— Smoke density sample point, 8 mm (5/16 in) diameter E — Support bracket

Notes: (1) The smoke density sample tube shall penetrate to the centre-line of the vent connector. (2) All dimensions are approximate and in millimetres (inches).

Figure 7 Details of Test Section (See Clauses 14.1.2 and 14.4.2 and Figures 4–6.)

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See A

A

B

C

D

E

100 mm (4 in) 28 mm (1-1/8 in)

4 mm (5/32 in) max. A

Silver solder or weld junction. Do not oxidize. 2 mm (3/32 in) max.

Legend: A — 3 m (10 ft) of No. 20 AWG iron constantan, insulated thermocouple wires extending from hot junction to potentiometer or reference junction B — 6 mm (1/4 in) OD, 2-hole porcelain insulator, 150 mm (6 in) long, ends bevelled on two sides, such as Leeds and Northrup Standard 714 B, or equivalent C — 8 mm (5/16 in) OD by 0.80 mm (0.032 in) wall half-hard yellow brass tubing, 150 mm (5-7/8 in) long D — Small wooden handle E — Rubber tubing, 8 mm (5/16 in) by 2 mm (3/32 in) by 50 mm (2 in) long Note: All dimensions are approximate and in millimetres (inches).

Figure 8 Standard Thermocouple for Flue-Gas Temperature Measurement (See Clause 14.2.2 and Figures 7 and 9.)

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements 10 mm (7/16 in)

A

B

C

D

E

F

20 mm (3/4 in)

1.5 mm (1/16 in) 20 mm (3/4 in)

150 mm (6 in)

Legend: A — No. 22 AWG bright stainless steel shield B — Thermocouple (as shown in Figure 8) C — Wire strap D— Insulator (as shown in Figure 8) E — Heat-resistant bushing F — No. 20 MSG sheet metal holder Note: All dimensions are approximate and in millimetres (inches).

Figure 9 Shielded Thermocouple for Flue-Gas Temperature Measurement (See Clause 14.2.3 and Figure 7.)

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Filter disc Cooler condenser

Regulator valve Timer

Sampling tube Motor

Drain cock

Discharge

Diaphragm Throttling orifice Pump

Figure 10 Bacharach True Spot® Smoke Test Pump (See Clause 15.1.2.)

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

0

9

1

8

2

7

3

6

4

5

Note: Scale used for this illustration is based on a test flue-gas volume of 57.15 cm3/mm2 (2250 in3/in2) of filtering area. (Caution: the above illustration is not a usable smoke scale.)

Figure 11 Smoke Scale for Filter Paper Method for Determining Smoke Density in Flue Gases (See Clause 15.1.2.)

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16 15 14 13

% CO2 plus % CO

12

For Type 1 oils For Type 2 oils

11

See Notes

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

% O2 minus 1/2 % CO

Notes: (1) The solid line is for typical Type 2 furnace oils, having a density of approximately 0.855 Kg/L (a gravity of approximately 34o API), for which the ultimate percentage CO2 is approximately 15.6. (2) The broken line is for typical Type 1 stove oils, having a density of approximately 0.825 Kg/L (a gravity of approximately 40o API), for which the ultimate percentage CO2 is approximately 15.3. (3) To check, proceed as shown by dotted lines and arrows to the appropriate line, using the percentage values of CO2, O2, and CO determined by test.

Figure 12 Combustion Check Chart for Types 1 and 2 Fuel Oils (See Clauses 17.2.2(b), 17.3.1, and 17.3.2.)

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% flue-gas loss

© Canadian Standards Association 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements Fuel Oil Properties Composition, % weight C = 86.9 S = 0.4 H = 12.6 Others = 0.1 Heating value = 19 560 Btu/lb Gravity = 34o API Combustion assumed complete.

15 14 13 12 11.5 11 10.5 10 9.5 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 4

200 250 111 139

300 350 167 194

4.5

400 450 500 550 222 250 278 306

5

5.5

600 650 333 361

6

6.5

700 750 800 389 417 444

˚F ˚C

Flue-gas temperature minus room temperature (T2 – T1), oF

Notes: (1) The percentage by weight of the elements of fuel oil based on a study of representative fuel oil samples are 86.9% carbon, 12.6% hydrogen, 0.4% sulphur, and 0.1% noncombustibles. (2) The higher heating value of No. 2 fuel oil with a density of 0.855 kg/L is 45 500 kJ/kg (an API gravity 34˚ is 19 560 Btu/lb). (3) The values at the chart edges identify the CO2 percentage lines. The flue-gas loss for other values of CO2 may be obtained by interpolation. (4) The flue-gas loss on the chart is for Type 2 furnace oils. When Type 1 fuel (stove oil) is used, add 0.5% to the appropriate loss value determined from the chart (eg, if CO2 = 10%, and (T2 – T1) = 260˚C (500˚F), the flue-gas loss with Type 1 = 20.8 + 0.5%, or 21.3%).

Figure 13 % Flue-Gas Loss Chart for Types 1 and 2 Fuel Oils (See Clauses 17.2.4, 17.2.5, and 17.3.1–17.3.5.)

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© Canadian Standards Association Difference between surface temperature and surrounding air temperature, ºF 3.6

5.4 7.2 9

18

36

54 72 90

180

360 540

900

1800 7.0

30

5.3

20

3.5

10 9 8 7 6 5 4

1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.7

rd

pwa

rface

tal su

zon Hori

3

ontal

ace

l surf

ca Verti

Horiz

gu facin

ing e fac

ward

down

c

surfa

0.5

2

hc , Btu/(h•ft2•ºF)

hc , W/(m2•K)

1.8 40

0.4

1 1

2

3

4 5

10

20

30 40 50

100

200 300

500

0.2 1000

Difference between surface temperature and surrounding air temperature, ºC

Figure 14 Convection Coefficients for Vertical and Horizontal Surfaces (See Clause 18.15.)

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Suface temperature, ºC –18 2.0

10

38

66

93

121

149 11.4

10.2

1.6

oC

0 20

o F)

9.1

(

93 1.4

oC

38

0 10

(

oC

o F)

0

o F)

7.9

(7

21

1.2

oC

(0

o F)

hri , W/(m2•K)

hri , Btu/(h•ft2•ºF)

1.8

6.8

18

–

Surrounding air temperatures are indicated on curves

1.0

5.7

4.5

0.8 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Suface temperature, ºF

Figure 15 Coefficient of Heat Transfer by Radiation for an Emissivity of 1.0 (See Clauses 18.16–18.18.)

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Appendix A (informative) Thickness of Sheet Metal Note: This Appendix is not a mandatory part of this Standard.

A1. General Appendix A provides information with respect to the thicknesses for sheet steel, uncoated and galvanized, and nonferrous sheet metal aluminum, copper, and brass used in the construction of oil-burning equipment covered by the CSA B140 series of Standards.

A2. Information Included Table A1 of this Appendix provides the nominal thicknesses and tolerances for the purpose of the CSA B140 series Standards. Notes: (1) Manufacturer’s Standard Gauge for Uncoated Steel Sheets: because of inconsistencies encountered in the U.S. Standard Gauge when converting weight to thickness, another gauge, known as the Manufacturer’s Standard Gauge for Steel Sheets, is used in Table A1. This gauge has definite thickness equivalent for each gauge number. The density of steel is taken as 7850 kg/m3 (489.6 lb/ft3). (Sheets specified to a manufacturer’s standard gauge number are produced to the inch equivalent for that gauge number, as shown in Table A1.) (2) Plated and Coated Sheets: The thickness equivalents for galvanized, galvannealed, aluminized, and similarly plated and coated sheets may be determined on the basis of the thickness of the sheet before plating or coating, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturers of the coated or plated sheet.

A3. Application A3.1 In cases where individual CSA B140 series Standards specify steel, aluminum, copper, or brass by nominal thickness, it will be understood that material having a minimum thickness not less than that specified in Table A1 will be acceptable.

A3.2 In cases where individual CSA B140 series Standards specify the minimum thickness permitted it will be understood that material supplied by gauge number will be permitted provided that the thickness is in no case less than the minimum specified in Table A1.

A4. Measurement of Thickness In determining whether a particular sheet or a part cut from a sheet meets the requirements as to minimum thickness, measurements should be made by a suitable micrometer at any point not less than 25 mm (1 in) from the edge of the sheet or from any edge of a fabricated part. The sheet or part should be rejected if any such measurement is less than the minimum thickness permitted.

A5. Drawn, Embossed, and Formed Material Where the material is subject to drawing, embossing, or any other forming operation that will decrease the thickness of the sheet, the measurement should be made before the operation is performed, unless otherwise stated, and the ultimate thickness of the finished piece will be the subject of special investigation, if it is deemed necessary, to determine that it has the strength necessary for the particular application.

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Gauge No. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 mm — — — — 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.48 0.45 0.40

in — — — — 0.1382 0.1233 0.1084 0.0934 0.0785 0.0710 0.0635 0.0575 0.0516 0.0456 0.0396 0.0366 0.0336 0.0306 0.0275 0.0247 0.0217 0.0202 0.0187 0.0172 0.0157

mm — — — — 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.15 1.00 0.88 0.80 0.75 0.68 0.60 0.53 0.47 0.44 0.40 0.36 0.32

in — — — — 0.1272 0.1123 0.0974 0.0844 0.0705 0.0640 0.0565 0.0505 0.0456 0.0396 0.0346 0.0316 0.0296 0.0266 0.0235 0.0207 0.0187 0.0172 0.0157 0.0142 0.0127

Minimum

Nominal

mm — — 3.9 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.35 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.35 1.2 1.0 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.68 0.60 0.53 0.45 0.40 0.37 0.33 0.29 0.25

mm — — 4.2 3.8 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.90 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.60 0.55 0.45 0.40 0.38 0.35 0.30

in — — 0.1524 0.1375 0.1225 0.1076 0.0926 0.0797 0.0667 0.0603 0.0528 0.0468 0.0418 0.0358 0.0309 0.0279 0.0269 0.0239 0.0209 0.0179 0.0159 0.0144 0.0129 0.0115 0.0100

Minimum

Nominal

in — — 0.1644 0.1495 0.1345 0.1196 0.1046 0.0897 0.0747 0.0673 0.0598 0.0538 0.0478 0.0418 0.0359 0.0329 0.0299 0.0269 0.0239 0.0209 0.0179 0.0164 0.0149 0.0135 0.0120

Galvanized sheet steel

Uncoated sheet steel mm 4.0 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.65 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.25

in 0.1620 0.1443 0.1285 0.1144 0.1019 0.0907 0.0808 0.0720 0.0641 0.0571 0.0508 0.0453 0.0403 0.0359 0.0320 0.0285 0.0253 0.0226 0.0201 0.0179 0.0159 0.0142 0.0126 0.0113 0.0100

Nominal mm 3.8 3.35 3.0 2.65 2.33 2.05 1.80 1.63 1.42 1.25 1.09 0.97 0.85 0.76 0.66 0.57 0.52 0.45 0.38 0.33 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.19 0.15

in 0.1500 0.1323 0.1185 0.1044 0.0919 0.0807 0.0708 0.0640 0.0561 0.0491 0.0428 0.0383 0.0333 0.0299 0.0260 0.0225 0.0203 0.0176 0.0151 0.0129 0.0114 0.0097 0.0086 0.0073 0.0060

Minimum

Copper and brass

(See Clauses A2 and A3.)

Table A1 Gauge Numbers and Thickness of Sheet Metal

mm 4.0 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.65 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.25

in 0.1620 0.1443 0.1285 0.1144 0.1019 0.0907 0.0808 0.0720 0.0641 0.0571 0.0508 0.0453 0.0403 0.0359 0.0320 0.0285 0.0253 0.0226 0.0201 0.0179 0.0159 0.0142 0.0126 0.0113 0.0100

Nominal

Aluminum mm 3.8 3.35 3.0 2.65 2.33 2.10 1.85 1.63 1.45 1.27 1.11 1.05 0.92 0.82 0.72 0.64 0.58 0.51 0.45 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.22

in 0.1500 0.1323 0.1195 0.1044 0.0919 0.0827 0.0728 0.0640 0.0571 0.0501 0.0438 0.0413 0.0363 0.0324 0.0285 0.0250 0.0228 0.0201 0.0176 0.0154 0.0139 0.0122 0.0106 0.0093 0.0085

Minimum

© Canadian Standards Association Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

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Index Air supply 7.1.4 11.3, 11.4.3 22.4.3.2.2 Appliance Preface 1.2 4.13.9, 4.13.19, 4.16– 4.17 5.1.2–5.1.3 6.1.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.5 7.2.1, 7.3.2.4, 7.3.3.2, 7.4.1, 7.4.2.1, 7.4.2.3–7.4.2.4, 7.5, 7.8 8.1.2, 8.5.2–8.5.3 11.3, 11.4.3 12.5.4 14.1.1, 14.2.1, 14.2.4 15.2.5 16.1, 16.2.2, 16.2.4, 16.2.7 17.1, 17.3.2, 17.3.4 18.1 19.1–19.2, 19.3.6, 19.3.8–19.3.9, 19.4.1–19.4.2, 19.6.1, 19.6.3, 19.6.6, 19.11.1, 19.11.2.1.1, 19.11.2.2.1, 19.11.3–19.11.4, 19.11.5.1, 19.11.5.3, 19.11.6.1–19.11.6.2, 19.12 20.1, 20.3.6, 20.3.8, 20.4.3, 20.4.6, 20.5.1.1, 20.5.2–20.5.3, 20.5.4.1, 20.5.4.3 21.1 22 Table 7 Approved 4.4.1 6.1.2.2 Boiler 4.13.5, 4.13.8 7.6.1.3 8.2.2, 8.2.4, 8.2.6 16.1 17.1 Bonnet 8.2.3 Burner Preface 3.2, 3.4.1, 3.5.1 4.8.4, 4.12.2.4, 4.12.3.6, 4.13.1, 4.13.4– 4.13.5, 4.13.7– 4.13.8, 4.13.10, 4.13.13, 4.13.15, 4.13.17, 4.13.19, 4.14.1, 4.14.6 5.2 6.2.1 7.1.3, 7.1.7, 7.4.2.2, 7.6.1.3 8.1.6–8.1.7, 8.1.9, 8.5.2–8.5.4 11.3, 11.4.3 16.2.4 18.9, 18.13

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Burner (continued) 19.3.7, 19.11.2.1.2, 19.11.2.2.2, 19.11.3 20.3.7, 20.5.1.2, 20.5.2 21.1–21.2 22.1.1, 22.2.2–22.2.3, 22.3.3–22.3.4, 22.4.3.1.1–22.4.3.1.2, 22.4.4, 22.4.6.2, 22.5 Certified Foreword 19.2, 19.4.1–19.4.2 Chimney 7.1.9, 7.3.3.3, 7.3.5 11.3 14.1.2, 14.3 19.4.2 20.1 22.4.3.2.3 Chimney draft 7.3.5.1–7.3.5.2 14.1.2, 14.3 22.4.3.2.3 Combustible 4.12.2.6 7.7.1, 7.7.3 11.4.3 13.3 19.3.1, 19.3.18, 19.5.1, 19.6.1, 19.11.5.3 20.5.4.3 22.3.2 Table 3 Combustion air Preface 7.1.4, 7.4.2.2, 7.6.1.3 15.2.3 17.3.4 18.9 20 22.4.3.2.2 Combustion chamber 3.2 4.10, 4.13.10, 4.13.17 7.1.3, 7.4.1 14.2.3 19.11.5.3 20.5.4.3 22.2.2, 22.2.3, 22.3.3 Table 3 Combustion safety control 4.13.4 7.6.1.2–7.6.1.3 8.1.5, 8.3 22.4.4

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Component 3.5.1 4.1.1, 4.1.4, 4.2.4– 4.2.5, 4.2.9, 4.4, 4.5.6, 4.7.1, 4.9.2, 4.13.10 5.2 6.3.5, 6.4 7.1.1, 7.1.4, 7.7.1, 7.10 8.1.4 9.1.6 11.2 13.1–13.3 19.2, 19.3.1, 19.3.14, 19.4.1, 19.5.1, 19.6.1, 19.11.5.3 20.3.2, 20.3.14, 20.5.4.3 22.3.2, 22.4.5.1–22.4.5.2 Condensate 19.3.14 Condensation 19.3.14, 19.3.18 Connector Preface 7.1.9 10.2.7 11 14.1.1, 14.1.3, 14.2.1–14.2.2, 14.3.1, 14.4.1–14.4.2 15.2.1 19.3.11, 19.6.5.1 20.3.10 22.3.2–22.3.3 Figures 4–6 Damper 4.16 7.6.1.3 10.3.2.5, 10.3.3.2 Draft 3.2 4.15 7.1.4, 7.3.3.3, 7.3.5, 7.6.1.3 10 11.2–11.3, 11.4.3, 11.4.6 14.1.2–14.1.3, 14.3 15.2.2 19.3.4, 19.4.2, 19.6.2–19.6.3, 19.10.1 20.3.4, 20.4.1–20.4.3 22.3.2–22.3.3, 22.4.3.2.3–22.4.3.2.4 Table 2 Figure 2 Draft regulator 4.15 7.1.4 10 11.4.3, 11.4.6 14.1.3

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Draft regulator (continued) 22.3.3 Figure 2 Equivalent length 19.5.1 Firing rate 4.14.6 6.3.5 7.4.2.1 22.4.3.1.1–22.4.3.1.2, 22.4.3.2.1 Table 2 Flame 7.1.3, 7.1.8, 7.2.1, 7.6.3 14.2.3 19.6.6 20.4.6 22.3.3 Table 3 Flue gases 7.1.9, 7.2.1–7.2.2, 7.3.2.1, 7.3.4.2–7.3.4.3 12.5 14.2.4 15.1.1 17.1, 17.2.1–17.2.3, 17.3.3 19.2, 19.3.1, 19.3.14–19.3.15, 19.6.1, 19.11.2.1.2, 19.11.2.2.2 22.4.3.1.2, 22.4.3.2.2, 22.4.7 Figure 11 Fuel oil 3.2, 3.4 4.2.4, 4.2.7–4.2.8, 4.11.13, 4.12.1.5, 4.12.4, 4.14 5.1.1, 5.2 6.3.5 7.1.3, 7.1.6, 7.9.1 9 12.4, 12.6.10 16.2.2 17.3 19.6.1 22.2.2, 22.3.4 Tables 2– 4 Figures 12–13 Furnace 8.2.2–8.2.3 11.3 17.2.3, 17.3.1 18.2, 18.4, 18.8 Table 6

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B140.0-03

© Canadian Standards Association

Gauge 4.2.8 8.2.6 9.3.1, 9.3.3, 9.4 13.6.5 A2, A3.2, Table A1

Hazard Foreword 3.2 4.2.8, 4.2.12, 4.11.15 7.1.4 8.1.9 19.3.16, 19.5.1, 19.6.6 20.4.6 Table 3 Heat exchanger 4.2.12 11.3 14.2.4 17.1, 17.3.4 18.8 21.1 22.2.2 Heat reclaimer 11 Hose 4.12.4

Ignition 3.2 7.1.3, 7.6.3 19.5.1, 19.6.3, 19.6.6, 19.11.3–19.11.4 20.4.3, 20.4.6, 20.5.2–20.5.3 22.2.2, 22.4.4 Induced draft 10.3.2.5 Input 3.4.3 5.2 6.3.5 7.1.3, 7.2.1–7.2.2, 7.5, 7.8 8.5.4 15.2.2 16 18.1 19.6.1, 19.6.3 20.4.3 22.1.4, 22.2.2, 22.3.4, 22.4.6.4 Table 2, Table 7

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Integral tank 4.2.8 Leak 3.2 4.3.2, 4.5.3, 4.11.6– 4.11.8, 4.11.15 9.3.2 10.3.3 19.11.2.1.2, 19.11.2.2.2 21 Limit control 4.13.8, 4.13.13– 4.13.14 7.6.1.3, 7.8 8.2 22.4.6.2–22.4.6.4 Mechanical draft 19.6.2, 20.4.2, 22.4.3.2.4 Modulating 7.1.3, 7.2.1 18.1 Natural draft 7.3.3.3 19.4.2 22.4.3.2.3 Negative pressure 11.1.3, 11.3 Noncombustible 4.12.2.6 19.3.18 Oil burner 3.5.1 4.8.4, 4.13.1, 4.13.4– 4.13.5, 4.13.10, 4.13.15, 4.13.17, 4.13.19, 4.14.1, 4.14.6 5.2 6.2.1 16.2.4 18.13 19.11.2.1.2, 19.11.2.2.2, 19.11.3 20.5.1.2, 20.5.2 22.2.2, 22.4.4, 22.5 Oil-burner assembly 3.5.1 4.13.1, 4.13.4– 4.13.5, 4.13.10, 4.13.15, 4.13.17, 4.14.1, 4.14.6 5.2 6.2.1 Over-fire draft 7.3.5.3–7.3.5.4, 7.6.1.3 11.4.3 22.4.3.2.4

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B140.0-03

© Canadian Standards Association

Pilot 3.2 4.13.13 7.1.3, 7.6.3, 7.9.3 Piping 4.3.2, 4.12.1– 4.12.2 7.9.1, 7.9.3 8.2.4 19.5.1 22.2.2 Plenum 11.3 Potential 8.1.6 19.9 Primary safety control 4.13.4 7.6.1.3 8.3 Products of combustion 19.3.1.8, 19.6.6, 19.11.1 20.4.6 21.1–21.2 Table 3

Readily accessible 4.5.6

Safety circuit 4.13.3 Safety control 3.2 4.5.6, 4.12.4.2, 4.13 7.6.1 8 22.4.4 Storage tank 8.2.5 Stove 6.1.1

Temperature 3.2 4.2.5 5.1.1 7.1.3, 7.2.2, 7.3.3, 7.6.1.3, 7.7 8.1.4, 8.2.1, 8.2.3–8.2.5 11.2–11.3, 11.4.3 12.5.1, 12.5.5, 12.6.5 13

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Oil-Burning Equipment: General Requirements

Temperature (continued) 14.1.2, 14.2 16.2.2 17.1, 17.2.1 18.2–18.4, 18.7–18.10, 18.12–18.14 19.3.19, 19.5.3, 19.6.1, 19.6.6, 19.11.2.1.2, 19.11.2.2.2 20.4.6 22.4.5, 22.4.6.1–22.4.6.3 Tables 2–3 Tubing 4.2.11, 4.3.2, 4.12.1– 4.12.3 7.9.1, 7.9.3 Table 1

Valve 4.2.2, 4.2.9, 4.5.6, 4.9.2, 4.11, 4.13.5– 4.13.7, 4.13.9, 4.13.12, 4.14.2, 4.14.4 7.4.2.3, 7.9.1, 7.9.3 8.4 9.2.2 22.2.2, 22.3.4 Vent Preface 7.3.3.3 8.5 19.3.10, 19.3.14, 19.3.18–19.3.19, 19.5.1, 19.5.3, 19.6.1, 19.6.5.1, 19.6.6, 19.7, 19.11.2.1.1, 19.11.2.2.1 Vent connector 7.1.9 10.2.7 11 14.1.1, 14.2.1–14.2.2, 14.3.1, 14.4.1–14.4.2 15.2.1 19.6.5.1 22.3.2–22.3.3 Venting system 8.5.2 19 20.1 21.2

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ISBN 1-55397-010-1