Coptic Version of the New Testament in the Southern Dialect: Otherwise called Sahidic and Thebaic 9781463228040

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Coptic Version of the New Testament in the Southern Dialect

Classics in the History of Early Christian Literature 48

Classics in the History of Early Christian Literature brings back into print book-length standard texts and research monographs on the earliest literature of Christianity. Classic editions of the works of the Fathers of the Church, translations into modern languages, critical monographs on individual texts, and surveys of the ancient literature have all been done; they are often referred to; but many of them are difficult for a modern reader to access, as they moulder in the pages of periodicals of limited circulation or availability.

Coptic Version of the New Testament in the Southern Dialect

Otherwise called Sahidic and Thebaic

Volume 1 Edited by

George William Horner

1 gorgias press 2010

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2010 by Gorgias Press LLC Originally published in 1911 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. 2010 " ^

1 ISBN 978-1-61719-472-6 Reprinted from the 1911 Oxford edition.

Printed in the United States of America

THE C O P T I C VERSION OF

THE N E W T E S T A M E N T IN THE SOUTHERN DIALECT

VOL. I.

CONTENTS OF VOL. I TAG H

THE

GOSPEL

ACCORDING

TO M A T T H E W

THE

GOSPEL

ACCORDING

TO

MARK

T E X T OF G R E E K M S . OF C H A P T E R X V I

.

.

. .

.

2

. .

.

. 3 5 4 .

640

COLLATION OF CAIRO, SAYCE, AND GOLENISCHEFF FRAGMENTS

643

TITTJLI OF MARK .

645

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS

•

•

646

PREFACE THERE have been three extensive publications of the Sahidic version of the Gospels within the last hundred and twenty years. C. G. Woide, the Dutch scholar who became an assistant librarian of the British Museum, provided the materials for the publication which, after his death in 1790, Dr. Henry Ford, Principal of Magdalen Hall and Lord Almoner's praelector of Arabic in the University of Oxford, appended to Woide's edition of the Codex Alexandrinus. This Appendix published the Gospel text of the two Lectionaries and fragmentary MS. in the Bodleian Library, some text supplied by the Rev. J. G. C. Adler, a divine of the Danish Church, and copied by him from the Borgian Collection, the Yenetian fragments published by Mingarelli, and also the fragments which Woide had bought of George Baldwin, the friend of Mahomet Ali, who after establishing a regular commerce between England and Egypt was appointed Consul General there in 1786. This great work appeared in 1799. It produced considerable portions of Matthew, but of Mark verses of only four chapters. Large omissions occurred in Luke, and John was far from complete. M. E. Amelineau's publication in French and German periodicals, relying chiefly on the MSS. of Lord Crawford and the Borgian fragments, was the second effort made, and thereby the text was much increased,

viii

PREFACE

so that when Padre Balestri of the Augustinian Order undertook to continue the work of Cardinal Ciasca, and published with great accuracy nearly the whole of the Borgian New Testament fragments, he was able to give more authorities throughout the Gospels, but did not succeed in supplying all the wide spaces which were still left vacant in the text. This was the third publication mentioned above, and the present editor having re-collated the fragments, now kept in the Vatican Library, has much pleasure in bearing full testimony to the excellence of such careful work. It remained for him to identify fragments in the libraries of Europe and Egypt, and to fill up all the text except thirteen verses in Matthew, thirty-five in Mark, and three in L u k e ; of these fragmentary verses only fourteen (Mark i. 20, 21, 24-29; xvi. 2-7) are entirely absent, the others being deficient in a few words and letters. He also obtained a large amount of additional authorities for the extant text, so that it very rarely depends on one fragment and seldom on less than three, while two verses of John ix are supported by as many as seventeen. This fortunate achievement is due to the discovery of an ancient library in the White Monastery, Dair al Abiad, supposed to have been founded by the Empress Helena, at the edge of the desert on the narrow strip of cultivated land of the Nile valley, west of Suhaj, and two hundred and fifty miles south of Cairo, between Assiut and Thebes. From this convent had come to Cardinal Stephen Borgia at the end of the eighteenth century, through missionaries of the Propaganda, many of the Borgian fragments

PREFACE

IX

and also the Venetian (Naniana) leaves, as well as those of Curzon, Tattam, and Woide ; but it was not till 1883 that the source of this former supply was accidentally found in the ruined basilica of the monastery. From this hoard or library Dr. Crum, in his Catalogue of the Coptic MSS. of the British Museum, estimates that 9,000 leaves were brought to light. Far the greater number of these leaves found their way to Paris, Dr. Budge brought many to the British Museum, and others reached the libraries of Vienna, Petersburg, Berlin, Strassburg, Leyden, and Cairo. When the editor was at the National Library of Paris in 1893 working for the Bohairic version, he was allowed to see the volumes containing these Sahidic fragments which had recently come to the library, but he was not permitted to examine the contents, because the work of cataloguing had not been completed. During the next few years M. Amelineau had finished the arrangement of the leaves with a preliminary catalogue, and in 1903 one of the volumes was sent to London to be collated, followed by others at the request of the editor. For this first arrangement of the fragments the editor here records his thanks to M. Amelineau, and gratefully acknowledges the help which he received, but has to deplore the damage caused by covering the parchment. Previously to this collation he had written out all the text which was published in Ford's Appendix, the periodicals in which M. Amelineau had inserted some of the Vatican and Crawford texts, and the publications of Giorgi, Mingarelli, and von Lemm, by way of making a standard of comparison. Furnished

X

PREFACE

with this means of collation he worked upon the fragments in the British Museum and at Oxford, and in the winter of 1904-5 visited Paris for the purpose of inspecting all the thirteen volumes together, having hitherto attended to some of them separately. Two months were spent in identifying the scattered leaves, and further time in re-collation and description. During the spring of 1905 Rome and Naples were visited and all the Borgian fragments were collated, although their adequate publication by P. Balestri had just appeared. In Venice there was also work to be done, but the untimely death of Professor Krall in Vienna prevented the collation of the fragments brought by Archduke Rainer. Through the kindness of Dr. von Lemm, who sent copies and full-size photographs, it was unnecessary to go to Petersburg; in Berlin, however, Heidelberg, Strassburg, and Munich, all the New Testament fragments were collated. Dr. J. de Zwaan had sent forty-three photographs of the Leyden leaves, which would have prevented the necessity of visiting that town, but by an unfortunate mistake these photographs did not reach the editor until he returned to Paris after he had himself collated the fragments at Leyden. In Paris he met Messrs. Seymour de Ricci and Winstedt. M. de Ricci generously placed at his disposal the papyrus and parchment which MM. Weill and Reinach and himself had recently obtained in Cairo, one of which fragments contained the last verses of Mark; and Mr. Winstedt gave much assistance in reading the long papyrus text of John. On returning to England after eleven months absence, the Manchester (Crawford) fragments were

PREFACE

xi

collated and also a few leaves from the Phillips library now in the possession of Mr. Fenwick at Cheltenham. Then in December 1905 the editor began writing out the variants obtained, and adding the evidence of the Greek MSS., the Latin, Bohairic, Syriac, Armenian, and Ethiopic versions, and the patristic testimony. This work occupied a year and a half, and the editor proposed to begin printing in July 1907, but the Oxford Press was engaged upon another Coptic work at that time, and therefore the printing did not commence until January 1908. After that, however, no interruption occurred until the whole text, translation, and apparatus were finished in August of the present year, and the editor gladly offers his thanks to the Delegates and officials of the Clarendon Press for the untiring energy with which they have pressed forward so unremunerative and costly an enterprise. The editor also acknowledges with much gratitude the courteous assistance received from the superintendents of the European and Cairo libraries, Dr. Emile Brugsch, Sir R. Douglas and Dr. Barnett, Dr. Cowley, Mr. Guppy, Padre Ehrle, Prof. L. Stern and Dr. Schubart, Prof. Gerhard, Prof. Spiegelberg and Prof. Boeser. Besides the librarians, other scholars deserve his thanks : Prof. Guidi, Prof. Steindorff, Dr. von Lemm, Dr. Crum, and Sir Herbert Thompson have been ready to answer every inquiry and to supply information about fragments; and further the editor has peculiar satisfaction in adding the Egyptian name of Marcus Bey Simaika, by whose means the Coptic Patriarch Cyril lent a considerable number of valuable fragments, which have a special interest as being the first which

xii

PREFACE

the Copts have contributed by their own scientific research. Professor H. Hyvernat at Washington sent photographs of the Louvre fragments which he obtained this year and of others which had been overlooked among the Borgian fragments at Naples ; and Professor Sayce supplied a few more of considerable importance. From Dr. Leipoldt at Dresden, the editor of the works of Shenoute, came a large collection of citations, to which Dr. de Zwaan also contributed. The editor desires further to thank Mr. Cronin and Monseigneur Graffin for the photographs which they kindly sent from Cambridge and Paris.

November 1910.

THE COPTIC VERSION OF

THE

NEW

TESTAMENT

IN THE SOUTHEKN DIALECT

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