Contract law in Australia [6 ed.] 9780409330212, 0409330213

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Contract Law in Australia Sixth Edition ________________________________________

J W Carter BA, LLB (Syd), Ph D (Cantab), FAAL Professor of Commercial Law, University of Sydney Consultant, Herbert Smith Freehills

LexisNexis Butterworths Australia 2013

© 2012 Ironhans Pty Limited. Under exclusive licence to Reed International Books Australia Pty Limited trading as LexisNexis. First edition 1986; Second edition 1991; Third edition 1996; Fourth edition 2002, Fifth edition 2007 This book is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the publishers. Edited and typeset in Plantin by Rosemary Peers. Printed in China. Visit LexisNexis Butterworths at www.lexisnexis.com.au

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National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Title: Edition: ISBN: ISBN: ISBN: Notes: Subjects: Dewey Number:

Carter, J. W. (John W.). Contract law in Australia. 6th ed. 9780409330267 (hard) 9780409330199 (pbk) 9780409330212 (ebook) Bibliography. Includes index. 1. Contracts - Australia. I. Title. 346.9402

Preface This edition of Contract Law in Australia continues the chapter pattern which was established in the fifth edition. The principal purpose of this edition is to take account of the replacement of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) with the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth). The latter created the Australian Consumer Law. This affects a number of chapters. See [1-21]–[1-22]. Changes have been made to the titles of Chapters 11 and 24 to reflect the approach in the Australian Consumer Law. Apart from updating to reflect changes in the law, the title of Chapter 2 has been changed to reflect the role of commercial construction in relation to good faith. The book has generally been prepared on the basis of the reported cases and materials available on 1 August 2012. However, I was able to take account of the decision in Andrews v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd [2012] HCA 30 in proofs. As always I must thank Rosemary Peers for her excellent work in editing this edition. And I am pleased to acknowledge the assistance of my colleagues Professors Elisabeth Peden and Greg Tolhurst for their contributions to the major changes made in preparing the 5th edition of the work. Finally, I must record my thanks to Alison Green and Daemoni Bishop at LexisNexis for their support in the preparation of this edition. J W Carter October 2012

Table of Cases References are to paragraph numbers A v Hayden (1984) …. [25-19], [27-02] —v Pelekanakis (1999) …. [24-17] ABB Power Generation v Chapple (2001) …. [38-11] Abbott v Hessen (1913) …. [17-06] —v Lance (1860) …. [3-50] Abdurahman v Field (1987) …. [27-14] Abrahams v Herbert Reiach Ltd [1922] …. [36-18] Abram SS Co Ltd v Westville Shipping Co Ltd [1923] …. [18-23], [18-39], [1845], [18-47] Academy of Health and Fitness Pty Ltd v Power [1973] …. [18-50], [18-57] Accounting Systems 2000 (Developments) Pty Ltd v CCH Australia Ltd (1993) ... [19-09] Acron Pacific Ltd v Offshore Oil NL (1985) …. [37-08], [37-17] Actionstrength Ltd v International Glass Engineering IN GL EN Spa [2003] …. [9-02], [9-21] Adam v Newbigging (1888) …. [18-65] Adami v Maison de Luxe Ltd (1924) …. [30-37] Adams v Lindsell (1818) …. [3-32] Adamson v New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (1991) …. [26-01], [26-08] Addis v Gramophone Co Ltd [1909] …. [35-03], [35-04], [36-08] Addison v Brown [1954] …. [25-26] Adelaide Petroleum NL v Poseidon Ltd (1988) …. [19-08] Adelfamar SA v Silos E Mangimi Martini SpA (The Adelfa) [1988] …. [34-10]

Adenan v Buise [1984] …. [23-04] Adey v Fisher (1914) …. [18-28] Adler v Dickson [1955] …. [16-24], [16-26] Administration of the Territory of Papua New Guinea v Leahy (1961) …. [8-09] Administrative and Clerical Officers Association v Commonwealth (1979) …. [40-07] Aerial Advertising Co v Batchelors Peas Ltd (Manchester) [1938] …. [35-12], [35-17] Afovos Shipping Co SA v Pagnan [1983] …. [13-04], [30-06], [30-07], [30-09], [30-35] A-G v Blake [2001] …. [35-03], [36-29], [38-29] A-G (NSW) v Australian Fixed Trusts Ltd [1974] …. [3-14] —v Mutual Home Loan Fund of Australia Ltd [1971] …. [3-14] —v Peters (1924) …. [18-20], [18-22] A-G of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd [2009] …. [2-24], [11-04], [11-06] A-G of Hong Kong v Humphreys Estate (Queen’s Gardens) Ltd [1987] …. [712], [7-13] AGC (Advances) Ltd v McWhirter (1977) …. [3-11] —v West (1984) …. [24-26] Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner (2008) …. [1-18], [7-29], [925], [9-27], [12-12] Ahmed v Estate and Trust Agencies (1927) Ltd [1938] …. [37-24] Ailsa Craig Fishing Co Ltd v Malvern Fishing Co Ltd [1983] …. [14-05], [1410] Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v K S Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd (1985) …. [1-06], [110], [1-11], [1-12], [1-13], [3-06], [8-02], [12-07], [12-08] Airways Corporation of New Zealand v Geyserland Airways Ltd [1996] …. [329]

Aiton Australia Pty Ltd v Transfield Pty Ltd (1999) …. [4-14] Ajayi v R T Briscoe (Nigeria) Ltd [1964] …. [7-08], [7-14] Akron Securities Ltd v Iliffe (1997) …. [19-16], [38-36] Alan (W J) & Co Ltd v El Nasr Export & Import Co [1972] …. [7-08], [7-16], [28-16], [31-10] Alati v Kruger (1955) …. [18-39], [18-50], [18-58], [18-71], [38-36] Albion Sugar Co Ltd v William Tankers Ltd (The John S Darbyshire) [1977] …. [5-09] Alcatel Australia Ltd v Scarcella (1998) …. [2-19], [31-17] Alcoa Minerals of Jamaica Inc v Broderick [2002] …. [35-15] Alderslade v Hendon Laundry Ltd [1945] …. [14-16], [14-17] Alec Lobb (Garages) Ltd v Total Oil (Great Britain) Ltd [1985] …. [22-29], [2408], [24-09], [26-05], [26-10], [26-11], [27-33], [27-36] Alexander v Cambridge Credit Corp (1987) …. [35-20], [35-21], [35-26] —v Rayson [1936] …. [6-25], [25-22], [25-23], [27-15], [27-21] Alfred McAlpine Plc v BAI (Run-Off) Ltd [2000] …. [32-02] Alghussein Establishment v Eton College [1988] …. [31-01] Allan v Gotch (1883) …. [18-09], [18-16], [18-21], [18-27] Allan (J M) (Merchandising) Ltd v Cloke [1963] …. [25-21] Allcard v Skinner (1887) …. [23-01], [23-04], [23-08], [23-09], [23-11], [23-12] —v Walker [1896] …. [20-09], [20-27], [20-28] Allcars Pty Ltd v Tweedle [1937] …. [4-04] Allen v Allen (1842) …. [15-08] —v Carbone (1975) …. [5-05] —v F O’Hearn & Co [1937] …. [16-06] —v Richardson (1879) …. [20-28] Alliance & Leicester Building Society v Edgestop Ltd [1993] …. [18-68], [1877]

Alliance Acceptance Co Ltd v Hinton (1964) …. [15-05], [15-13] Alliance Bank v Broom (1864) …. [6-55] Allied Marine Transport Ltd v Vale do Rio Doce Navegacao SA (The Leonides D) [1985] …. [1-11], [1-12], [3-29], [6-54], [7-15], [31-12] Allied Mills Ltd v Gwydir Valley Oilseeds Pty Ltd [1978] …. [33-46] Allison v Hewitt (1974) …. [36-21] Alpha Trading Ltd v Dunnshaw-Patten Ltd [1981] …. [11-09], [30-65], [37-02] Alucraft Pty Ltd v Grocon Ltd (1994) …. [35-07] Aluminium Products (Qld) Pty Ltd v Hill [1981] …. [18-36] Amalgamated Collieries of WA Ltd v True (1938) …. [28-28] Amalgamated Investment & Property Co Ltd v John Walker & Sons Ltd [1976] …. [33-33], [33-55] —v Texas Commerce International Bank Ltd [1982] …. [7-05], [7-11], [7-13], [7-21], [7-22], [12-20] Amann Aviation Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1990) …. [30-36], [31-04], [31-17] Ambassador Refrigeration Pty Ltd v Trocadero Building and Investment Co Pty Ltd [1968] …. [25-14] Amcor Ltd v Construction Forestry Mining and Energy Union (2005) …. [1206] American Express International Inc v Commissioner of State Revenue (2004) …. [28-16] AMEV Finance Ltd v Artes Studios Thoroughbreds Pty Ltd (1989) …. [37-17] AMEV-UDC Finance Ltd v Austin (1986) …. [36-15], [37-07], [37-11], [37-12], [37-17] Amey v Fifar [1971] …. [15-56] Amherst v James Walker Goldsmith & Silversmith Ltd [1983] …. [29-12] Amiri Flight Authority v BAE Systems Plc [2003] …. [10-17] Amoco Australia Pty Ltd v Rocca Bros Motor Engineering Co Pty Ltd (1973) …. [26-02], [26-03], [26-04], [26-05], [26-06], [26-07], [26-08], [26-11], [26-13], [26-19], [27-33]

—v—(No 2) [1975] …. [27-30], [27-33] Amphitrite, The [1921] …. [15-60] Amwad v Geraghty (a firm) [2001] …. [27-28] Anaconda Nickel Ltd v Tarmoola Australia Pty Ltd (2000) …. [4-02], [4-03], [4-09], [5-06] Andar Transport Pty Ltd v Brambles Ltd (2004) …. [1-18], [12-04], [14-17] André et Compagnie SA v Marine Transocean Ltd [1981] …. [34-02] Andrew Shelton & Co Pty Ltd v Alpha Healthcare Ltd (2002) …. [38-18] Andrews v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd [2012] …. [37-07], [37-16] —v Hopkinson [1957] …. [10-14], [35-38] —v Parker [1973] …. [25-32], [27-03], [27-12] Ange v First East Auction Holdings Pty Ltd (2011) …. [33-40] Angel v Jay [1911] …. [18-54], [18-55] Angelatos v National Australia Bank (1994) …. [19-16] Anglia Television Ltd v Reed [1972] …. [36-01] Anglo-African Shipping Co of New York Inc v J Mortner Ltd [1962] …. [37-24] Ankar Pty Ltd v National Westminster Finance (Australia) Ltd (1987) …. [1-13], [1-19], [13-10], [13-17], [28-38], [30-11], [30-17], [30-18], [30-19], [30-52] Anning v Anning (1907) …. [17-07], [17-11] Anon (1455) …. [6-56] Anon (1495) …. [6-56] Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd v Australian Federation of Air Pilots (No 2) [1991] …. [28-28] Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB [1983] …. [12-04], [1309], [30-09], [31-18] —v—[1985] …. [2-23], [31-18] Antclizo Shipping Corp v Food Corp of India [1992] …. [2-17]

Antonovic v Volker (1986) …. [24-12], [24-24] ANZ Executors & Trustees Ltd v Humes Ltd [1990] …. [39-05], [39-10] Aotearoa International Ltd v Scancarriers A/S [1985] …. [4-11] Appleby v Johnson (1874) …. [3-20] —v Myers (1867) …. [34-10], [34-18], [34-27] Apriaden Pty Ltd v Seacrest Pty Ltd (2000) …. [30-36] Aqua-Max Pty Ltd v MT Associates Pty Ltd (2001) …. [31-05] Aramis, The [1989] …. [16-26] Archbolds (Freightage) Ltd v S Spanglett Ltd [1961] …. [25-11], [25-13], [2522], [27-01], [27-11] Archer v Brown [1985] …. [36-09] —v Stone (1898) …. [20-42] Arcos Ltd v E A Ronaasen & Son [1933] …. [11-19], [28-13] Arcric Investments Pty Ltd v Ductline Pty Ltd (1992) …. [19-05] Ardlethan Options Ltd v Easdown (1915) …. [35-36] Argy v Blunts & Lane Cove Real Estate Pty Ltd (1990) …. [18-34], [19-04] Aristoc Industries Pty Ltd v R A Wenham (Builders) Pty Ltd [1965] …. [9-11], [39-05] Arkwright v Newbold (1881) …. [18-16] Armitage v Nurse [1998] …. [14-09] Armstrong v Jackson [1917] …. [18-54], [18-55] Arnison v Smith (1889) …. [18-24], [18-27] Aroney v Christianus (1915) …. [15-17], [15-18] Arrale v Costain Civil Engineering Ltd [1976] …. [6-15] ASA Constructions Pty Ltd v Iwanov [1975] …. [36-21], [36-28] Ash Street Properties Pty Ltd v Pollnow (1987) …. [9-21] Ashby v Tolhurst [1937] …. [14-15] Ashcoast Pty Ltd v Whillans (1998) …. [26-16]

Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd [1972] …. [11-19], [11-21] Asia Pacific International Pty Ltd v Dalrymple [2000] …. [24-27] Associated Distributors Ltd v Hall [1938] …. [37-16] Associated Japanese Bank (International) Ltd v Credit du Nord SA [1989] …. [20-20], [20-24], [20-29] Associated Midland Corp Ltd v Bank of NSW (1984) …. [3-27] Associated Newspapers Ltd v Bancks (1951) …. [12-05], [12-06], [30-15], [3016], [30-37] Astley v Austrust Ltd (1999) …. [1-07], [1-18], [11-16], [29-17], [35-04], [3524], [35-29], [35-31] —v Reynolds (1731) …. [22-09] Astley Industrial Trust Ltd v Grimley [1963] …. [30-27], [30-58] Atco Controls Pty Ltd (in liq) v Newtronics Pty Ltd (Recs & Mgs apptd) (in liq) (2009) …. [8-01] Athens-MacDonald Travel Service Pty Ltd v Kazis [1970] …. [36-09] Atkins v Hill (1775) …. [6-06] Atlantic Shipping & Trading Ltd v Louis Dreyfus & Co [1922] …. [7-24] Atlas Express Ltd v Kafco (Importers and Distributors) Ltd [1989] …. [22-10], [22-12], [22-22] Atlas Tiles Ltd v Briers (1978) …. [36-23] Atlee v Backhouse (1838) …. [22-09] Attica Sea Carriers Corp v Ferrostaal Poseidon Bulk Reederei GmbH [1976] …. [37-24] Attwood v Lamont [1920] …. [27-31], [27-35] Aubergine Enterprises Ltd v Lakewood International Ltd [2002] …. [31-08] Aurel Forras Pty Ltd v Graham Karp Developments Pty Ltd [1975] …. [34-04] Aussie Invest Corp Ltd v Pulcesia Pty Ltd (2005) …. [38-34] Austin v Sheldon [1974] …. [33-13], [33-33] Austotel Pty Ltd v Franklins Selfserve Pty Ltd (1989) …. [7-13], [7-14], [38-17]

Austra Tanks Pty Ltd v Running [1982] …. [27-38] Austral Standard Cables Pty Ltd v Walker Nominees Pty Ltd (1992) …. [7-14], [30-45], [30-47] Australasian Brokerage Ltd v ANZ Banking Corp Ltd (1934) …. [18-66] Australasian Performing Right Association Ltd v Austarama Television Pty Ltd [1972] …. [21-04], [21-08] Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Compagnie d’Assurances Maritimes Aeriennes et Terrestres [1996] …. [13-07] —v Frost Holdings Pty Ltd [1989] …. [4-11] —v Karam (2005) …. [22-11], [22-19], [22-21], [23-16], [24-12] —v Westpac Banking Corp (1988) …. [38-08] —v Widin (1990) …. [9-15], [9-21], [9-22] Australia Hotel Co Ltd v Moore (1899) …. [20-53], [21-11] Australian Bank Ltd v Stokes (1985) …. [24-22] Australian Bank of Commerce Ltd v Perel [1926] …. [28-16] Australian Breeders Co-operative Society Ltd v Jones (1997) …. [27-32], [2737] Australian Broadcasting Corp v Redmore Pty Ltd (1989) …. [25-09], [25-13] Australian Capital Territory v Munday (2000) …. [26-04] Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (2003) …. [8-01] —v Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd (2007) …. [26-23] —v C G Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd (2003) …. [1-18], [22-04], [24-16] —v Leelee Pty Ltd (2000) …. [24-17] —v Samton Holdings Pty Ltd (2002) …. [24-11], [24-19] —v Simply No-Knead (Franchising) Pty Ltd (2000) …. [24-19] —v Telstra Corp Ltd (ACN 051 775 556) (2007) …. [19-05] Australian Energy Ltd v Lennard Oil NL [1986] …. [12-18]

Australian Gypsum Ltd v Hume Steel Ltd (1930) …. [21-04], [21-07] Australian Hardwoods Pty Ltd v Commissioner for Railways [1961] …. [39-01], [39-07] Australian Meat Industry Employees’ Union v Frugalis Pty Ltd [1990] …. [1108] Australian Medic-Care Co Ltd v Hamilton Pharmaceutical Pty Ltd (2009) …. [38-29] Australian Mutual Provident Society v 400 St Kilda Road Pty Ltd [1991] …. [28-09] Australian National Airlines Commission v Robinson [1977] …. [28-11], [2839] Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (2011) …. [4-14], [19-08] Australian Steel & Mining Corp Pty Ltd v Corben [1974] …. [18-20], [18-24] Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1954) …. [3-07], [6-11], [6-18], [8-09] Australis Media Holdings Pty Ltd v Telstra Corp Ltd (1998) …. [4-14], [11-13] Automatic Fire Sprinklers Pty Ltd v Watson (1946) …. [28-07], [30-30], [3101], [35-12], [37-21], [37-30], [38-22] Avery v Bowden (1856) …. [34-07] Avon County Council v Howlett [1983] …. [20-09] Avon Finance Co Ltd v Bridger (1979) …. [21-18], [23-09] Awwad v Geraghty (a firm) [2000] …. [25-30] Ayerst v Jenkins (1873) …. [27-21] B & B Constructions (Aust) Pty Ltd v Brian A Cheeseman & Associates Pty Ltd (1994) …. [12-23] B & S Contracts and Design Ltd v Victor Green Publications Ltd [1984] …. [2214], [22-22] Babsari Pty Ltd v Wong [2000] …. [1-11] Baburin v Baburin [1991] …. [24-13]

Bacchus Marsh Concentrated Milk Co Ltd v Joseph Nathan & Co Ltd (1919) …. [12-13], [12-23], [21-06], [26-09], [26-13] Bacon v Purcell (1916) …. [12-14], [28-23] Bahr v Nicolay (No 2) (1988) …. [5-04], [12-03], [12-10], [12-11], [12-13], [1623], [28-11], [39-07] Bain v Fothergill (1874) …. [20-30], [35-11], [36-21] Bainbrigge v Browne (1881) …. [23-05], [23-08] Baird v BCE Holdings Pty Ltd (1996) …. [18-55] Baker v Jones [1954] …. [25-26] —v Taylor (1906) …. [3-51] Bal v Van Standen [1902] …. [3-32] Balbosa v Ali [1990] …. [13-18] Balfour v Balfour [1919] …. [1-09], [8-03] —v Hollandia Ravensthorpe NL (1978) …. [18-08], [18-46] Ballantyne v Phillott (1961) …. [6-51], [6-52] —v Raphael (1889) …. [18-16], [18-20], [18-24], [18-27] Ballas v Theopilos [1958] …. [3-48] —v—(No 2) (1957) …. [3-20], [3-22], [3-48], [3-55] Ballett v Mingay [1943] …. [15-24] Balmain New Ferry Co Ltd v Robertson (1906) …. [10-16] Balog v Crestani (1975) …. [30-61], [30-63] Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (The Mikhail Lermontov) (1991) …. [24-19], [2427] —v—(1993) …. [1-18], [24-19], [24-27], [28-23], [28-32], [34-11], [35-24], [36-08], [36-09], [38-03], [38-14], [38-21], [38-24], [38-36] —v Merchant ‘Mikhail Lermontov’ (1994) …. [6-32], [6-52] Banco de Portugal v Waterlow & Sons Ltd [1932] …. [35-36] Banfield v Wells-Eicke (1964) …. [15-57]

Bangladesh Export Import Co Ltd v Sucden Kerry SA [1995] …. [33-21] Bank Line Ltd v Arthur Capel & Co [1919] …. [33-04], [33-26], [33-27], [3330], [33-40], [33-55], [33-56], [34-02], [34-03] Bank of America Australia Ltd v Ceda Jon International Pty Ltd (1988) …. [2623] Bank of Australasia v Adams (1890) …. [18-11] —v Palmer [1897] …. [12-05], [12-08] Bank of Boston Connecticut v European Grain & Shipping Ltd (The Dominique) [1989] …. [32-01], [34-06], [34-11], [37-26], [37-30] Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Ali [2002] …. [6-54], [12-14] Bank of India v Trans Continental Commodity Merchants Ltd [1982] …. [25-03] Bank of New South Wales v Rogers (1941) …. [23-05], [23-08] Bank of New Zealand v Simpson [1900] …. [12-17] Bank of Nova Scotia v Hellenic Mutual War Risks Association (Bermuda) Ltd (The Good Luck) [1992] …. [11-05], [11-16], [32-02] —v Kelly (1973) …. [15-44] —v MacLellan (1977) …. [6-39] Banks v Williams (1912) …. [3-17], [3-26] Bannerman v White (1861) …. [18-61] Banning v Wright [1972] …. [31-06] Banque Brussels Lambert SA v Australian National Industries Ltd (1989) …. [10-10], [13-01] Barac v Farnell (1994) …. [25-31] Barba v Gas & Fuel Corp of Victoria (1976) …. [6-25], [12-21] Barbados Trust Co Ltd (formerly CI Trustees (Asia Pacific) Ltd) v Bank of Zambia [2007] …. [17-11] Barber v Fox (1682) …. [6-19] Barclay v Messenger (1874) …. [31-05] Barclays Bank Plc v Boulter [1999] …. [23-05]

—v Fairclough Building Ltd [1995] …. [35-32] —v O’Brien [1994] …. [23-05] Barnard v Australian Soccer Federation (1988) …. [26-01] Barnes & Co v Toye (1884) …. [15-10] Barnett v Ira L & A C Berk Pty Ltd (1952) …. [6-27] Barns v Queensland National Bank Ltd (1906) …. [7-09] Barr v Gibson (1838) …. [20-16] Barr’s Contract, Re [1956] …. [30-62] Barrier Wharfs Ltd v W Scott Fell & Co Ltd (1908) …. [12-12] Barroora Pty Ltd v Provincial Insurance Ltd (1992) …. [16-19] Barrow Lane & Ballard Ltd v Phillip Phillips & Co Ltd [1929] …. [20-19] Barry v Davies [2000] …. [3-11] Barton v Armstrong [1973] …. [22-02], [22-05], [22-06], [22-08], [22-18], [2229] Basildon DC v J E Lesser (Properties) Ltd [1985] …. [35-32] Bassin v Standen (1945) …. [25-09], [27-21] Bastard v McCallum [1924] …. [3-22], [3-24] Bateman v Slayter (1987) …. [19-08] Batt v Onslow (1892) …. [3-26], [3-35] Baume v Commonwealth (1906) …. [35-06] Baxton v Kara [1982] …. [39-09] Baytur SA v Finagro Holding SA [1992] …. [17-08] BB Australia Pty Ltd v Karioi Pty Ltd (2010) …. [26-18] Beard v Baulkham Hills Shire Council (1986) …. [25-29] —v Wratislaw (1991) …. [28-15] Beaton v McDivitt (1987) …. [6-08], [6-11], [6-15], [8-12], [33-38] Beaumont v Helvetic Investment Corp Pty Ltd (1982) …. [24-22], [24-25]

Begbie v State Bank of NSW (1994) …. [24-11] Behn v Burness (1863) …. [29-04], [31-01] Behzadi v Shaftesbury Hotels Ltd [1992] …. [1-19], [30-53], [30-60] Bell v Lever Bros Ltd [1932] …. [11-08], [20-22], [20-23], [20-24], [20-25], [20-29] —v—(2003) …. [20-22] —v Scott (1922) …. [30-42], [30-43], [30-44] Bell Bros Pty Ltd v Sarich [1971] …. [3-16] Bellgrove v Eldridge (1954) …. [36-11], [36-12] Bendigo Central Freezing and Fertiliser Co Ltd v Cunningham [1919] …. [1855] Bennett v Minister for Community Welfare (1992) …. [35-20] Bensaude v Thames and Mersey Marine Insurance Co Ltd [1897] …. [33-54], [34-02] Bentley v Wright [1997] …. [18-30] Bentsen v Taylor Sons & Co (No 2) [1893] …. [30-17], [30-19], [31-09] Beresford v Royal Insurance Co [1938] …. [27-02] Berg v Sadler [1937] …. [27-18] Berger v Boyles [1971] …. [35-06] Berger & Co Inc v Gill & Duffus SA [1984] …. [36-17], [38-06] Bernstein v Pamson Motors (Golders Green) Ltd [1987] …. [31-18] Berry v Mahony [1933] …. [38-32] Bestoys Pty Ltd v George Wills & Co Ltd (1981) …. [26-21] Beswick v Beswick [1968] …. [16-12], [16-13], [16-15], [39-06] Bettini v Gye (1876) …. [29-08], [30-17], [30-51] Bettyes v Maynard (1882) …. [20-28] Bevanere Pty Ltd v Lubidineuse (1985) …. [19-04] Beverley’s case (1603) …. [15-36]

BICC Plc v Burndy Corp [1985] …. [31-13] Bigg v Boyd Gibbins Ltd [1971] …. [3-07], [3-09] Biggin v Minton [1977] …. [36-26] Bigos v Bousted [1951] …. [27-15], [27-16] Bill Acceptance Corp Ltd v GWA Ltd (1983) …. [19-08] Bingham v Bingham (1748) …. [20-15], [20-28], [20-32] Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) …. [1-08], [1-12], [4-04], [4-13], [6-38], [35-06], [36-18] Birkmyr v Darnell (1704) …. [9-07], [9-19] Birmingham & District Land Co v London & North Western Railway Co (1888) …. [7-08] Bishop v Taylor (1968) …. [4-04] Bishopsgate Insurance Australia Ltd v Commonwealth Engineering (NSW) Pty Ltd [1981] …. [21-07] Bisset v Wilkinson [1927] …. [18-09] Black v Smallwood (1966) …. [15-53] Black-Clawson International Ltd v Papierwerke Waldhof-Aschaffenburg AG [1981] …. [34-03] Blackpool & Fylde Aero Club Ltd v Blackpool Borough Council [1990] …. [312] Blacktown Municipal Council v Doneo [1971] …. [3-55] Blay v Pollard and Morris [1930] …. [21-17] Blennerhassett’s Institute of Accountancy Pty Ltd v Gairns (1938) …. [15-11] Bligh v Martin [1968] …. [20-19] Bliss v Southeast Thames Regional Health Authority [1987] …. [36-08] Bloemen (F J) Pty Ltd v Gold Coast City Council [1973] …. [32-09] Blomley v Ryan (1956) …. [23-12], [24-07] Blue Anchor Line Ltd v Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH (The Union Amsterdam) [1982] …. [14-02]

Bluebottle UK Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (2007) …. [17-10], [1711] Boardman v McGrath [1925] …. [36-21] —v Phipps [1967] …. [38-28] Boettcher v Boettcher [1948] …. [6-55] Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd (2009) …. [9-07], [14-17], [38-09] Bojczuk v Gregorcewicz [1961] …. [15-11] Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] …. [29-17] Bolton v Mahadeva [1972] …. [28-31], [28-32], [28-34], [28-35] Bolwell Fibreglass Pty Ltd v Foley [1984] …. [9-11], [28-10], [38-23] Boncristiano v Lohmann [1998] …. [36-08] Bond v Hongkong Bank of Australia Ltd (1991) …. [28-38] Bond Corp Pty Ltd v Thiess Contractors Pty Ltd (1987) …. [19-11] Booker Industries Pty Ltd v Wilson Parking (Qld) Pty Ltd (1982) …. [4-10], [411], [4-14], [13-18] Boomer v Muir (1933) …. [38-39] Boone v Eyre (1777) …. [13-19], [28-30] Boothbey v Sowden (1812) …. [6-60] Borrowman v Free (1878) …. [28-15] —v Rossel (1864) …. [21-03] Borthwick v Carruthers (1787) …. [15-01] Bosaid v Andry [1963] …. [4-15], [18-22] Bosnjak v Farrow Services Pty Ltd (in liq) (1993) …. [24-22] Bostock & Co Ltd v Nicholson & Sons Ltd [1904] …. [35-38] Boston Deep Sea Fishing & Ice Co v Ansell (1888) …. [32-02], [37-30], [38-25] Bot v Ristevski [1981] …. [37-37], [37-38] Boucaut Bay Co Ltd v Commonwealth (1927) …. [37-07], [37-09], [37-10], [3739]

Boulton v Jones (1857) …. [20-41] Bowes v Chaleyer (1923) …. [28-13], [30-19], [30-47], [30-52], [31-03] —v Shand (1877) …. [12-02], [30-19], [30-52] Bowmakers Ltd v Barnet Instruments Ltd [1945] …. [27-21], [27-23] Bowman v Durham Holdings Pty Ltd (1973) …. [3-28], [3-34] Bowring (CT) Reinsurance Ltd v Baxter (The M Vatman and M Ceyhan) [1987] …. [34-06] Boyd v Holmes (1878) …. [3-29] Boyde v Ryan (1947) …. [15-08] BP Exploration Co (Libya) Ltd v Hunt (No 2) [1979] …. [34-03], [34-08], [3423], [34-25], [34-27], [34-31], [38-35], [38-37] —v—[1981] …. [34-03], [34-08], [34-23], [34-25], [34-27], [34-31] —v—[1983] …. [38-35], [38-37] BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Shire of Hastings (1977) …. [11-06], [1109] Brabazon v Western Mail Ltd (1985) …. [19-14] Brace v Calder [1895] …. [30-42], [33-44], [35-35] Bradley v H Newsom Sons & Co [1919] …. [30-33] Bradley Egg Farm Ltd v Clifford [1943] …. [15-56] Bradshaw v Gilbert’s (Australasian) Agency (Vic) Pty Ltd (1952) …. [25-13], [27-06] Braham v Walker (1961) …. [3-48], [25-10] Braidotti v Queensland City Properties Ltd (1991) …. [31-04] Braithwaite v Foreign Hardwood Co [1905] …. [30-43], [30-47] Brambles Holdings Ltd v Bathurst City Council (2001) …. [3-03], [3-51], [3829] Branca v Cobarro [1947] …. [5-03] Brandt v Liverpool Brazil and River Plate Steam Navigation Co Ltd [1924] …. [16-26]

Breen v Williams (1996) …. [1-18], [11-05], [11-14], [28-09], [29-17] Bremer Handelsgesellschaft mbH v J H Rayner & Co Ltd [1979] …. [10-19] —v Vanden Avenne-Izegem PVBA [1978] …. [7-28], [13-09], [30-19], [31-08], [31-10], [33-42], [34-04] Bremer Vulkan Schiffbau und Maschinenfabrik v South India Shipping Corp Ltd [1981] …. [30-08], [30-36], [31-12], [34-04] Brennan v Bolt Burdon (a Firm) [2005] …. [18-10], [20-15] Brenner v First Artists’ Management Pty Ltd [1993] …. [38-15], [38-18], [3835] Bressan v Squires [1974] …. [3-31], [3-32], [3-35] Brew v Whitlock [1967] …. [25-29] —v—(No 2) [1967] …. [4-15], [27-30] Brickhill v Cooke [1984] …. [35-31] Bridge v Campbell Discount Co Ltd [1962] …. [24-02], [37-09], [37-10], [3716] —v Deacons [1984] …. [26-05], [26-07], [26-08], [26-11], [26-12], [26-18] Bridger v Savage (1885) …. [25-16] Bridgewater v Leahy (1998) …. [1-18], [23-04], [23-16], [24-11], [24-13] Brien v Dwyer (1978) …. [30-51], [37-37] Bright v Sampson & Duncan Enterprises Pty Ltd (1985) …. [14-03], [14-17], [14-18] Brightman v Lamson Paragon Ltd (1914) …. [26-15] Brikom Investments Ltd v Carr [1979] …. [6-15], [7-08] Brindley v Scott (1902) …. [18-28] Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl GmbH [1983] …. [3-04], [3-31], [3-34], [3-35], [3-36], [3-38] Brisbane City Council v Group Projects Pty Ltd (1979) …. [33-49], [33-56] Bristol and West Building Society v Mothew [1998] …. [18-15] Bristow v Eastman (1794) …. [15-24]

British & Beningtons Ltd v North Western Cachar Tea Co Ltd [1923] …. [9-25], [30-29], [30-43] British & Commonwealth Holdings Plc v Quadrex Holdings Inc [1989] …. [3053], [30-62] British Bank for Foreign Trade Ltd v Novinex [1949] …. [4-12] British Car Auctions Ltd v Wright [1972] …. [3-14] British Columbia etc Saw-Mill Co Ltd v Nettleship (1868) …. [35-28] British Empire Films Pty Ltd v Oxford Theatres Pty Ltd [1943] …. [6-38], [640] British Fuels Ltd v Baxendale [1999] …. [17-08] British Movietonews Ltd v London and District Cinemas Ltd [1952] …. [33-02], [33-19], [33-30], [33-51], [33-56] British Steel Corp v Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Co Ltd (1981) …. [3817] British Traders’ Insurance Co Ltd v Monson (1964) …. [33-33] British Transport Commission v Gourley [1956] …. [36-23] British Waggon Co v Lea & Co (1880) …. [28-18] British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co Ltd v Underground Electric Railways Co of London Ltd [1912] …. [35-34] Britt Allcroft(Thomas) LLC v Miller (2000) …. [19-18] Brocklehurst deceased; Re; Hall v Roberts [1978] …. [23-10] Brogden v Metropolitan Railway Co (1877) …. [3-27] Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd v Hapag-Lloyd Aktiengesellschaft[1980] …. [40-04] Bromley v Smith [1909] …. [15-13] Brooks v Alca (1976) …. [23-09] —v Beirnstein [1909] …. [37-32] —v Burns Philp Trustee Co Ltd (1969) …. [25-27], [27-02], [27-30], [27-31], [27-36] —v Wyatt (1992) …. [4-10]

—v—(1994) …. [36-25] Brooks Robinson Pty Ltd v Rothfield [1951] …. [9-11], [30-04], [38-23], [3839] Broons, Re [1989] …. [16-29] Broughton v Knight (1873) …. [15-37] —v Snook [1938] …. [15-38] Brown v Brine (1875) …. [6-42] —v Brown (1905) …. [3-05] —v Gould [1972] …. [4-03], [4-10] —v Jam Factory Pty Ltd (1981) …. [19-11] —v Petranker (1991) …. [14-17] —v Smitt (1924) …. [18-45], [18-46], [38-36] Brownett v Newton (1941) …. [27-26], [27-28] Browning v Morris (1778) …. [27-20] Brownlie v Campbell (1880) …. [18-37], [20-28] Brownton Ltd v Edward Moore Inbucon Ltd [1985] …. [25-29] Bruce v Tyley (1916) …. [17-10], [28-18] —v Warwick (1815) …. [15-16] Bruner v Moore [1904] …. [3-32] Bryan v Maloney (1995) …. [18-30] Bryson v Bryant (1992) …. [38-26] BS & N Ltd (BVI) v Micado Shipping Ltd (Malta) (The Seaflower) [2001] …. [30-16] Buchanan v Byrnes (1906) …. [30-36], [36-15] Buckenara v Hawthorn Football Club Ltd [1988] …. [26-10], [40-08] Buckland v Massey [1985] …. [25-13] Buckle (A) & Son Pty Ltd v McAllister (1986) …. [26-15], [27-39] Buckley v Tutty (1971) …. [26-01], [26-02], [26-03], [26-09], [27-02]

Bunbury Foods Pty Ltd v National Bank of Australasia Ltd (1984) …. [28-14] Bunge Corp v Tradax Export SA [1980] …. [13-09] Bunge Corp New York v Tradax Export SA Panama [1981] …. [1-13], [13-02], [13-03], [13-09], [13-13], [29-12], [30-16], [30-17], [30-18], [30-19], [3052], [31-02] Bunge SA v Kruse [1980] …. [30-22] Burazin v Blacktown City Guardian Pty Ltd (1997) …. [35-03] Burg Design Pty Ltd v Wolki (1999) …. [19-20] Burge, In The Marriage of (1985) …. [25-27] Burger King Corp v Hungry Jack’s Pty Ltd [2001] …. [2-13], [2-18], [2-19] Burgess v Cox [1951] …. [9-13], [9-15] Burke (T M) Estates Pty Ltd v PJ Constructions (Vic) Pty Ltd [1991] …. [38-36] Burnard v Haggis (1863) …. [15-24] Burns, Re; Ex parte National Mutual Life Association of Australasia Ltd (1992) …. [6-60] —v MAN Automotive (Aust) Pty Ltd (1986) …. [35-10], [35-21], [35-23], [3524], [35-37] Burns Philp Hardware Ltd v Howard Chia Pty Ltd (1987) …. [12-18] Burns Philp Trust Co Pty Ltd v Kwikasair Freightlines Ltd (1963) …. [40-07] Burrows v Scammell (1881) …. [20-52] Burton v Camden London Borough Council [2000] …. [17-12] —v Palmer [1980] …. [28-05] Bush v National Australia Bank Ltd (1992) …. [21-06] Busk v Spence (1815) …. [29-08] Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Ltd (2004) …. [19-05], [19-18], [19-19] Butler v Craine [1986] …. [9-21] —v Fairclough (1917) …. [6-51], [6-52], [6-55], [35-03]

Butler Machine Tool Co Ltd v Excell-O Corp (England) Ltd [1979] …. [3-24] Butt v M’Donald (1896) …. [2-17], [28-09] Butts v O’Dwyer (1952) …. [11-08] Byers v Dorotea Pty Ltd (1986) …. [19-19] Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) …. [1-18], [2-05], [11-05], [11-06], [1112], [11-25], [28-28], [31-01], [37-21], [39-03] —v Van Tienhoven (1880) …. [2-04], [3-35], [3-44] Byrnes v Kendle (2011) …. [12-10], [12-12], [12-13] C & P Haulage v Middleton [1983] …. [35-11] Calabar Properties Ltd v Stitcher [1984] …. [36-08] Callaghan v O’Sullivan [1925] …. [25-28], [27-12] Callisher v Bischoffsheim (1870) …. [6-50], [6-51] Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v Alderton [1964–65] …. [4-15] —v Best (1990) …. [25-17] Camdex International Ltd v Bank of Zambia [1998] …. [17-02], [25-29] Cameron v Hogan (1934) …. [8-10] —v Qantas Airways Ltd (1994) …. [24-19] Cameron (R W) & Co v L Slutzkin Pty Ltd (1923) …. [12-17], [20-34] Cammell Laird & Co Ltd v Manganese Bronze and Brass Co Ltd [1934] …. [1120] Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (2009) …. [19-08], [19-18] —v Jones (1796) …. [28-06] —v Kitchen & Sons Ltd (1910) …. [12-18] Campbell Discount Co Ltd v Gall [1961] …. [21-20] Campomar Sociedad Limitada v Nike International Ltd (2000) …. [19-05] Canada SS Lines Ltd v The King [1952] …. [14-01], [14-17] Canas Property Co Ltd v KL Television Services Ltd [1970] …. [37-32]

Cannane v J Cannane Pty Ltd (in liq) (1998) …. [25-18] Canning v Temby (1905) …. [28-04], [29-12] Caparo Industries Plc v Dickman [1990] …. [18-32] Capes v Hutton (1826) …. [15-06] Capital Finance Co Ltd v Donati (1977) …. [37-17] Capital Motors Ltd v Beecham [1975] …. [18-36] Car and Universal Finance Co Ltd v Caldwell [1965] …. [18-40], [18-53], [2046], [31-04] Carello v Jordan [1935] …. [3-22] Carew Counsel Pty Ltd v French (2002) …. [11-14], [29-15] Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1892] …. [25-16] Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] …. [3-08], [3-12], [3-16], [3-27], [614], [6-16], [6-29], [8-07], [25-16] Carlisle and Cumberland Banking Co v Bragg [1911] …. [21-14], [21-18] Carlton and United Breweries Ltd v Castlemaine Tooheys Ltd (1986) …. [26-21] Carlton Cricket & Football Social Club v Joseph [1970] …. [15-55], [15-56] Carmichael v Colonial Sugar Refining Co Ltd (1944) …. [34-05] Carney v Herbert [1985] …. [27-30], [27-37] Carpentaria Investments Pty Ltd v Airs [1972] …. [39-07] Carpenter (W R) Finance Corp Ltd v Moloney (1979) …. [26-21] Carr v Brisbane City Council [1956] …. [4-12], [4-14] —v J A Berriman Pty Ltd (1953) …. [2-22], [30-26], [30-27], [30-41], [30-62] Carrington Slipways Pty Ltd v Patrick Operations Pty Ltd (1991) …. [16-27] Carson v Rhuddlan Borough Council (1989) …. [4-10] Carter v Hyde (1923) …. [3-25], [3-48], [3-57], [17-10], [39-09] —v Scargill (1875) …. [31-18] —v Silber [1892] …. [15-18]

Cartwright v Hoogstoel (1911) …. [3-43], [3-44] Casey’s Patents, Re; Stewart v Casey [1892] …. [6-31] Castlemaine Tooheys Ltd v Carlton & United Breweries Ltd (1987) …. [11-02], [11-12] Cathels v CSD (1959) …. [16-11] Cattanach v Melchior (2003) …. [18-31], [25-19] Causer v Browne [1952] …. [10-16], [10-17] Cavalier Insurance Co Ltd, Re [1989] …. [27-20] Cavalier Marketing (Australia) Pty Ltd v Rasell (1990) …. [11-21] Cavallari v Premier Refrigeration Co Pty Ltd (1952) …. [3-22] CCC Films (London) Ltd v Impact Quadrant Films Ltd [1985] …. [35-11], [3512], [36-01] Cehave NV v Bremer Handelsgesellschaft mbH (The Hansa Nord) [1976] …. [1-06], [1-13], [13-04], [13-09], [13-13], [13-15], [30-13], [30-17], [30-22], [30-26], [30-34] Cellulose Acetate Silk Co Ltd v Widnes Foundry (1925) Ltd [1933] …. [37-12] Celthene Pty Ltd v WKJ Hauliers Pty Ltd [1981] …. [16-27] Central Estates (Belgravia) Ltd v Woolgar (No 2) [1972] …. [31-06] Central Exchange Ltd v Anaconda Nickel Ltd (2001) …. [11-13], [31-17] Central London Property Trust v High Trees House Ltd [1947] …. [7-02], [708], [7-20] Central Queensland Leather Industries Ltd, Re [1969] …. [27-28] Century 21 (South Pacific) Pty Ltd (in liq) v Century 21 Real Estate Corp (1996) …. [17-08] CGU Workers Compensation (NSW) Ltd v Garcia (2007) …. [2-19], [11-08], [28-09], [29-02] Chai Sau Yin v Liew Kwee Sam [1962] …. [27-05] Challenge Bank Ltd v V L Cooper & Associates Pty Ltd [1996] …. [35-35] Champtaloup v Thomas [1976] …. [31-18]

Chan v Cresdon Pty Ltd (1989) …. [39-04] Chandler v Webster [1904] …. [34-11] Channel Tunnel Group Ltd v Balfour Beatty Construction Ltd [1992] …. [28-39] —v—[1993] …. [28-39] Chanter v Hopkins (1838) …. [13-05], [29-05] —v Leese (1838) …. [31-01] —v—(1839) …. [31-01] Chapelton v Barry UDC [1940] …. [10-16], [10-17] Chaplin v Hicks [1911] …. [36-20] Chapman v Wade [1939] …. [27-08] Chappel v Hart (1998) …. [35-20] Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestlé Co Ltd [1960] …. [6-27] Chapple v Cooper (1844) …. [15-10] Charge Card Services Ltd, Re [1989] …. [28-16] Charles Rickards Ltd v Oppenhaim [1950] …. [31-08] Charlton v Fisher [2002] …. [27-05] Chartbrook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd [2009] …. [12-09], [12-23], [21-02], [21-06], [21-08] Charter v Sullivan [1957] …. [35-40], [35-43] Charter Reinsurance Co Ltd v Fagan [1997] …. [12-04] Charterhouse Credit Co Ltd v Tolly [1963] …. [14-07] Chatenay v Brazilian Submarine Telegraph Co Ltd [1891] …. [12-01] Chatterton v Maclean [1951] …. [37-32] Chattis Nominees Pty Ltd v Norman Ross Homeworks Pty Ltd (1992) …. [1018] Cheall v APEX [1983] …. [31-01] Cheers v Pacific Acceptance Corp Ltd (1959) …. [27-27] Cheese v Thomas [1994] …. [23-02]

Chettiar v Chettiar [1962] …. [27-18], [27-21] Chichester v Cobb (1866) …. [6-49] Chief Commissioner of State Revenue v Dick Smith Electronics Holdings Pty Ltd (2005) …. [6-07] Chillingworth v Esche [1924] …. [5-05] China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corp v Evlogia Shipping Co SA of Panama (The Mihalios Xilas) [1979] …. [31-18], [37-32] China Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v P S Chellaram & Co Ltd (1990) …. [7-15], [14-14] —v—(1992) …. [7-15], [14-14] Christie v Robinson (1907) …. [38-33] Christopher Moran Holdings Ltd v Bairstow [2000] …. [36-16] Ciavarella v Balmer (1983) …. [30-07], [30-49], [30-62], [30-64], [31-07] CIBC Mortgages Plc v Pitt [1994] …. [23-05] Citibank NA v Brown Shipley & Co Ltd [1991] …. [20-24] Citicorp Australia Ltd v Hendry (1985) …. [13-04], [29-12], [30-50], [36-15], [37-11], [37-17] —v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (1996) …. [17-12], [25-30] City and Westminster Properties (1934) Ltd v Mudd [1959] …. [10-13] City Bank of Sydney v McLaughlin (1909) …. [15-43] City Motors (1933) Pty Ltd v Southern Aerial Super Service Pty Ltd (1961) …. [37-02], [37-21] City of Box Hill v E W Tauschke Pty Ltd [1974] …. [5-05] City of Gosnells v Roberts (1994) …. [15-56] City of Subiaco v Heytesbury Properties Pty Ltd (2001) …. [33-09] Civil Service Co-operative Society of Victoria Ltd v Blyth (1914) …. [18-08] Clare v Lamb (1875) …. [20-15] Clark v Clark (1882) …. [18-23]

—v Urquhart [1930] …. [18-68] Clarke v Dickson (1858) …. [18-43] —v—(1859) …. [18-19], [18-26] —v Dunraven [1897] …. [3-03] —v Tyler (1949) …. [9-10] Clasic International Pty Ltd v Lagos (2002) …. [20-29], [20-32] Claude Neon Ltd v Hardie [1970] …. [33-20], [33-40] Clea Shipping Corp v Bulk Oil International Ltd (The Alaskan Trader) [1984] …. [37-24] Cleaver v Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association [1892] …. [16-11] Clef Aquitaine SARL v Laporte Materials (Barrow) Ltd [2000] …. [18-69] Clegg v Anderson T/A Nordic Marine [2003] …. [31-17] —v Wilson (1932) …. [25-28], [27-12], [27-16], [27-17], [27-18] Clements v London & NW Ry Co [1894] …. [15-13] Cleveland Petroleum Co Ltd v Dartstone Ltd [1969] …. [26-05] Clifton v Coffey (1924) …. [38-33] —v Palumbo [1944] …. [3-07], [3-09] Clifton Springs Hotel Ltd, Re [1939] …. [3-26] Clore v Theatrical Properties Ltd [1936] …. [16-14] Clough v London & North Western Railway Co (1871) …. [18-41], [18-50] Club Cape Schanck Resort Co Ltd v Cape Country Club Pty Ltd (2001) …. [2106] Clydebank Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd v Don Jose Ramos Yzquierdo y Castaneda [1905] …. [37-09], [37-12], [37-15] Clyne v New South Wales Bar Association (1960) …. [25-29], [25-30] CMA CGM SA v Beteiligungs-KG MS ‘Northern Pioneer’ chiffahrtsgesehschaft mbH [2003] …. [31-18] Coal Cliff Collieries Pty Ltd v Sijehama Pty Ltd (1991) …. [4-11], [4-14]

Coan v Bowles (1691) …. [15-08] Coast Securities No 9 Pty Ltd v Alabac Pty Ltd [1984] …. [37-02] Coastal Estates Pty Ltd v Melevende [1965] …. [18-48], [18-49], [18-50], [3105] Coates v Sarich [1964] …. [38-33] Cobbe v Yeoman's Row Management Ltd [2008] …. [7-12], [7-13], [38-03] Cochrane v Willis (1865) …. [20-08], [20-19], [39-11] Cockshott v Bennett (1799) …. [15-08] Coddington v Paleologo (1867) …. [29-08] Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) …. [1-19], [11-02], [11-06], [11-10], [12-03], [12-13], [12-14], [12-18], [1219], [33-01], [33-04], [33-08], [33-16], [33-17], [33-36], [33-49], [33-55], [33-56], [34-08], [34-10] Coghlan v S H Lock (Australia) Ltd (1987) …. [6-37] Cohen v Cohen (1929) …. [8-03] —v Kittell (1889) …. [25-16] —v Mason [1961] …. [4-03] —v Roche [1927] …. [9-16], [39-05] Cohen & Co v Ockerby & Co Ltd (1917) …. [30-45] Cole v Cunningham (1837) …. [3-17] Colley v Overseas Exporters [1921] …. [28-09], [37-04], [37-21] Collier v Morlend Finance Corp (Vic) Pty Ltd (1989) …. [24-27] —v P & M J Wright (Holdings) Ltd [2008] …. [7-01] Collin v Holden [1989] …. [9-14], [9-19], [9-21] Collins v Godefroy (1831) …. [6-42] —v Parker (1984) …. [24-22] Collins Trading Co Pty Ltd v Maher [1969] …. [9-11] Colonial Ammunition Co v Reid (1900) …. [3-23]

Colonial Bank of Australasia v Kerr (1889) …. [23-08] Comalco Aluminium Ltd v Mogal Freight Services Pty Ltd (1993) …. [19-09] Combe v Combe [1951] …. [7-08] Commerce Consolidated Pty Ltd v Johnstone [1976] …. [21-10] Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio (1983) …. [1-18], [18-15], [2316], [24-03], [24-06], [24-10], [24-12], [24-13], [24-14], [24-16], [24-19], [24-23], [24-27] —v G H Dean & Co Pty Ltd [1983] …. [5-05] Commercial Banking Co of Sydney Ltd v Pollard [1983] …. [24-25] Commission for the New Towns v Cooper (Great Britain) Ltd [1995] …. [21-10] Commissioner for Railways (New South Wales) v Quinn (1946) …. [14-16], [14-17] Commissioner of Stamp Duties (NSW) v Carlenka Pty Ltd (1995) …. [21-06], [21-08] Commissioner of State Revenue (Vic) v Royal Insurance Australia Ltd (1994) …. [38-26] Commissioner of Taxation v Sara Lee Household & Body Care (Aust) Pty Ltd (2000) …. [2-17] Commissioner of Taxes (Qld) v Camphin (1937) …. [3-48] Commonwealth Bank of Australia v TLI Management Pty Ltd [1990] …. [1301] Commonwealth of Australia v Amann Aviation Pty Ltd (1991) …. [1-18], [3036], [31-04], [31-17], [35-04], [35-10], [35-11], [35-13], [36-01], [36-17], [36-18], [36-20], [38-23] —v Australian Commonwealth Shipping Board (1926) …. [15-59] —v Ling (1993) …. [15-60] —v—(1994) …. [15-60] —v Verwayen (1990) …. [7-05], [7-07], [7-11], [7-14], [7-17], [7-18], [7-19], [7-21], [7-22], [7-27], [7-28], [7-29], [9-24], [24-12], [25-27] Commonwealth Portland Cement Co Ltd v Weber Lohmann & Co Ltd [1905]

…. [29-03] Commonwealth Trading Bank of Australia v Sydney Wide Stores Pty Ltd (1981) …. [11-05], [35-22] Compagnie Commerciale Sucres et Denrées v C Czarnikow Ltd [1990] …. [3019] Compagnie Francaise des Chemins de Fer Paris Orleans v Leeston Shipping Co Ltd (1919) …. [18-54], [18-55], [18-57] Comptoir Commercial Anversois v Power Son & Co [1920] …. [11-03], [11-13], [33-40] Comptoir d’Achat et de Vente du Boerenbond Belge SA v Luis de Ridder Limitada (The Julia) [1949] …. [33-04], [33-30], [34-11] Comptroller of Stamps (Vic) v Howard-Smith (1936) …. [17-03] Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v Nelson (1990) …. [19-04], [19-06] Concrete Constructions Pty Ltd v GIO of NSW [1966] …. [16-15] Concut Pty Ltd v Worrell (2000) …. [6-47], [30-36], [31-03] Conlon v Simms [2008] …. [18-15] Connor v Spence (1878) …. [33-03] —v Stainton (1924) …. [28-31] Conroy v Lowndes [1958] …. [36-25] Consolidated Neon (Phillips System) Pty Ltd v Tooheys Ltd (1942) …. [33-20], [33-22] Con-Stan Industries of Australia Pty Ltd v Norwich Winterthur Insurance (Australia) Ltd (1986) …. [7-18], [11-10], [11-25] Constantinople & Alexandria Hotel Co, Re (Ebbett’s case) (1870) …. [15-05], [15-16] Construction Engineering (Aust) Pty Ltd v Hexyl Pty Ltd (1985) …. [16-06], [16-07] Continental C & G Rubber Co Pty Ltd, Re (1919) …. [34-06], [34-09], [34-11] Cooden Engineering Co Ltd v Stanford [1953] …. [37-11] Coogee Esplanade Surf Motel Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1976) …. [3-09]

—v—(1983) …. [15-61] Cook v Lister (1863) …. [6-59], [6-60] —v Rodgers (1946) …. [39-05] —v Wright (1861) …. [6-53] Cooke v Caldwell’s Wines Ltd (1925) …. [18-69] Cooks v Clayworth (1811) …. [15-42] Coombs v Bahama Palm Trading Pty Ltd (1991) …. [24-22] Cooney v Burns (1922) …. [9-22], [9-23] Cooper v Australian Electric Co (1922) Ltd (1922) …. [28-11], [38-25] —v Phibbs (1867) …. [18-11], [20-09], [20-15], [20-27], [20-30] Cooper & Sons v Neilson & Maxwell Ltd [1919] …. [33-23], [33-28] Co-operative Bulk Handling Ltd v Jennings Industries Ltd (1996) …. [16-19] Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores (Holdings) Ltd [1998] …. [39-02], [39-03] Corio Guarantee Corp v McCallum [1956] …. [28-34] Cornelius v Phillips [1918] …. [25-14] Cornish & Co v Kanematsu (1913) …. [33-16] Corser v Commonwealth General Assurance Corp Ltd [1963] …. [4-04] Cort v Ambergate Nottingham and Boston and Eastern Junction Railway Co (1851) …. [30-33] Corumo Holdings Pty Ltd v C Itoh Ltd (1991) …. [12-04] Cosgrove v Horsfall (1945) …. [16-24] Cossill v Strangman (1963) …. [17-14] Cottee v Franklins Self-Serve Pty Ltd [1997] …. [3-13] Cotterill v Bank of Singapore (Australia) Ltd (1995) …. [17-12] Couchman v Hill [1947] …. [10-08], [11-19], [14-19] Couglin v Blair (1953) …. [36-14]

Couldery v Bartrum (1881) …. [6-60] Coulls v Bagot’s Executor and Trustee Co Ltd (1967) …. [6-02], [6-19], [6-22], [6-60], [16-01], [16-03], [16-11], [16-13], [16-31], [17-03], [39-03], [39-06] Cousins v Freeman (1957) …. [18-54], [20-30] Coutts & Co v Browne-Lecky [1947] …. [15-25] Couturier v Hastie (1856) …. [20-16], [20-17] Cover v McLaughlin (1897) …. [18-50] Cowan v O’Connor (1888) …. [3-31], [3-36] Cowern v Nield [1912] …. [15-21] Cox v Phillips Industries Ltd [1976] …. [36-08] —v Prentice (1815) …. [20-12], [20-15] CRA Ltd v NZ Goldfields Investments [1989] …. [37-16] Craddock Bros v Hunt [1922] …. [21-03] Crago v McIntyre [1976] …. [21-13] Craig deceased, Re; Meneces v Middleton [1971] …. [23-03] Craine v Colonial Mutual Fire Insurance Co Ltd (1920) …. [7-27], [7-28], [3106] Crane v Hegeman-Harris Co Inc [1939] …. [21-04] Craven-Ellis v Canons Ltd [1936] …. [38-13], [38-18] Crawford v Parish (1991) …. [18-77] Crears v Hunter (1887) …. [6-55] Credit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV v Burch [1997] …. [24-10] Crescendo Management Pty Ltd v Westpac Banking Corp (1988) …. [22-04], [22-05], [22-06], [22-13], [22-21] Cressman v Coys of Kensington (Sales) Ltd [2004] …. [38-08], [38-14] Cresswell v Potter (1968) …. [24-06] Crick v Murray (1882) …. [15-19] Cricklewood Property and Investment Trust Ltd v Leighton’s Investment Trust

Ltd [1945] …. [33-03], [33-04], [33-35], [33-37], [33-44], [33-51], [34-04], [34-05] Criss v Alexander (1928) …. [11-16], [12-19] Csomore v Public Service Board of New South Wales (1986) …. [28-32], [2839] CSS Investments Pty Ltd v Lopiron Pty Ltd (1987) …. [28-10], [31-17] CTI Group Inc v Transclear SA (The Mary Nour) [2008] …. [33-14] CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v Gallaher Ltd [1994] …. [22-19] Cudgen Rutile (No 2) Pty Ltd v Chalk [1975] …. [4-02] Cullen v Bickers (1878) …. [3-22] —v Thomson (1862) …. [18-28] —v Trappell (1980) …. [36-23] Cullinane v British ‘Rema’ Manufacturing Co Ltd [1954] …. [35-13] Cumber v Wayne (1721) …. [6-56], [6-57] Cumming v Ince (1847) …. [22-08], [22-25] Cundy v Lindsay (1878) …. [20-41], [20-42], [20-43], [20-46], [20-54] Currie v Misa (1875) …. [6-08] Curro v Beyond Productions Pty Ltd (1993) …. [26-03], [26-04], [26-13], [2839], [40-03] Curruth v Ern Moro & Amoco Enterprises Pty Ltd (1966) …. [15-20] Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co [1951] …. [10-15], [14-19] Curwen v Yan Yean Land Co Ltd (1891) …. [18-16], [18-18], [18-27] Custom Credit Corp Ltd v Lupi [1992] …. [24-24] Cutter v Powell (1795) …. [28-24], [28-27], [33-15], [34-10] Cutts v Buckley (1933) …. [10-13], [18-23] D & C Builders Ltd v Rees [1966] …. [7-01], [7-08], [7-17], [22-16] Dagenham (Thames) Dock Co, Re (1873) …. [37-40]

Dahl v Nelson (1881) …. [33-25], [33-27], [33-56], [34-02] Dai v Telstra Corp Ltd (2000) …. [24-19] Dainford Ltd v Smith (1985) …. [30-29], [30-41] —v Yulora Pty Ltd [1984] …. [30-63], [31-13] Dairy Containers Ltd v Tasman Orient Line CV [2005] …. [14-06] Dakin (H) & Co Ltd v Lee [1916] …. [28-32] Dalgety & Co Ltd v AMP [1908] …. [18-17] Dalgety and New Zealand Loan Ltd v C Imeson Pty Ltd [1964] …. [25-09], [2514], [27-32] Dalgety Australia Ltd v Harris [1977] …. [3-40] Dalgety Wine Estates Pty Ltd v Rizzon (1979) …. [40-04], [40-07] Damberg v Damberg (2001) …. [38-14] Damevski v Giudice (2003) …. [3-03] Damon Compania Naviera SA v Hapag-Lloyd International SA (The Blankenstein) [1983] …. [37-37] —v—[1985] …. [30-51], [37-37] Daniel Doull, In the Estate of (1881) …. [15-45] Darlington Borough Council v Wiltshire Northern Ltd [1995] …. [17-14] Darlington Futures Ltd v Delco Australia Pty Ltd (1986) …. [1-19], [2-24], [1401], [14-03], [14-05], [14-15], [14-17], [14-18] Darter Pty Ltd v Malloy [1993] …. [9-22], [12-12], [39-07] Daulia Ltd v Four Millbank Nominees Ltd [1978] …. [3-50] Davenport v R (1877) …. [31-05] David Jones Ltd v Lunn (1969) …. [4-15] David Securities Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia (1990) …. [36-20] —v—(1992) …. [1-18], [18-10], [36-20], [38-06], [38-18] Davies, Re [1989] …. [16-23] —v Beynon-Harris (1931) …. [15-16]

—v Collins [1945] …. [14-14], [28-18] —v Smith (1938) …. [3-20] Davis v Commissioner for Main Roads (1968) …. [14-16], [14-17] —v Jacoby (1934) …. [3-49] —v Pearce Parking Station Pty Ltd (1954) …. [14-16], [14-17] Davis Contractors Ltd v Fareham UDC [1956] …. [2-09], [33-01], [33-06], [3317], [33-20], [33-38], [33-43], [33-49], [33-50], [33-56], [34-10] Davitt v Titcumb [1989] …. [27-02] Day Ford Pty Ltd v Sciacca [1990] …. [27-09] De Bernardy v Harding (1853) …. [38-39] De Francesco v Barnum (1890) …. [15-08], [15-13] De Garis v Dalgety & Co Ltd [1915] …. [15-05], [15-12], [15-16], [15-18] De Garis and Rowe’s Lease, Re [1924] …. [33-03], [33-36], [34-04] De Mattos v Gibson (1858) …. [16-14] De Soysa v De Pless Pol [1912] …. [35-16] Deaves v CML Fire and General Insurance Co Ltd (1979) …. [7-28], [10-19], [13-07] Debenham v Sawbridge [1901] …. [20-30] Decro-Wall International SA v Practitioners in Marketing Ltd [1971] …. [3025], [30-34], [31-01], [37-24] Deemcope Pty Ltd v Cantown Pty Ltd [1995] …. [22-18] Defina v Kenny (1946) …. [25-16] Delaforce v Simpson-Cook (2010) …. [7-21] Dell v Beasley [1959] …. [20-29], [39-11] Demagogue Pty Ltd v Ramensky (1992) …. [19-10], [39-10] Demetrios v Gikas Dry Cleaning Industries Pty Ltd (1991) …. [18-45] Dencio v Zivanovic (1991) …. [3-55] Denmark Productions Ltd v Boscobel Productions Ltd [1969] …. [30-33], [33-

45] Dennant v Skinner & Collom [1948] …. [20-45] Denny v Hancock (1870) …. [39-11] Denny Mott & Dickson Ltd v James B Fraser & Co Ltd [1944] …. [33-04], [3306], [33-07], [33-24], [33-27], [33-32], [33-50], [33-51], [34-02] Dent v Bennett (1839) …. [23-08] Denton v Great Northern Railway Co (1856) …. [3-08], [6-17] Derbyshire Building Co Pty Ltd v Becker (1962) …. [11-23], [29-15] Derry v Peek (1889) …. [18-25], [18-30] Deta Nominees Pty Ltd v Viscount Plastic Products Pty Ltd [1979] …. [9-17] Deutsche Genossenschaftsbank v Burnhope [1995] …. [12-03] Deutsche Schachtbau-und Tiefbohrgesellschaft mbH v Shell International Petroleum Co Ltd [1990] …. [8-02] Devefi Pty Ltd v Mateffy Pearl Nagy Pty Ltd (1993) …. [17-10], [17-11] Devenish Nutrition Ltd v Sanofi-Aventis SA [2009] …. [38-29] Devis (W) & Sons Ltd v Atkins [1977] …. [31-03] Dewar v Mintoft [1912] …. [37-36] Dewhurst & Kay Rent-A-Car Pty Ltd v Budget Rent-A-Car System Pty Ltd (1985) …. [19-07] Dewhurst (W A) & Co Pty Ltd v Cawrse [1960] …. [3-05] Di Biase v Rezek [1971] …. [9-13], [9-15] Di Dio Nominees Pty Ltd v Brian Mark Real Estate Pty Ltd [1992] …. [12-04] Diamond v Moore (193