Concise Biographical Companion to Index Islamicus: Bio-bibliographical Supplement to Index Islamicus, 1665-1980, Volume Three (N-Z) 9789047414353, 9047414357

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CONCISE BIOGRAPHICAL COMPANION TO INDEX ISLAMICUS

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HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK SECTION ONE

THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST EDITED BY

H. ALTENMÜLLER · B. HROUDA · B.A. LEVINE · R.S. O’FAHEY K.R. VEENHOF · C.H.M. VERSTEEGH

VOLUME SEVENTY-SIX/THREE

CONCISE BIOGRAPHICAL COMPANION TO INDEX ISLAMICUS

Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

CONCISE BIOGRAPHICAL COMPANION TO INDEX ISLAMICUS An International Who’s Who in Islamic Studies from its Beginnings down to the Twentieth Century Bio-bibliographical Supplement to Index Islamicus, 1665-1980, Volume Three

N-Z BY

WOLFGANG BEHN

BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON

2004

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This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available on http://catalog.loc.gov

ISSN 0169-9423 ISBN 90 04 14189 8 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands

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Key to title codes for use in locating sources The number in parentheses after an abbreviation refers to the number of references. The sign I at the end of sources indicates the biographee's last entry in a serial publication. Aa

van der Aa, Abraham Jacob. Biografisch woordenboek der Nederlanden. 1852-1878.

AALA

Asien, Afrika, Lateinamerika, Berlin.

Haarlem,

Aalto

Aalto, Pentti. Oriental studies in Finland, 1828-1918. Helsinki, 1971.

ACAB

Appleton's cyclopaedia of American biography. New York, 1888-1901.

Adamec

Adamec, Ludwig W. A biographical dictionary of contemporary Afghanistan. Graz, 1987.

ADtB

Allgemeine deutsche Biographie. Leipzig, 1875-1912.

AfrA

Herdeck, Donald E. African authors; a companion to Black African writing, vol. 1. Washington, D.C., 1973.

AfrBiolnd

African biographical index, compiled by Victor Herrero Mediavilla. MOnchen, 1999.

AfricanExp

Directory of African experts, 1982.

Afrikanistik

Lexikon der Afrikanistik, ed. H. Jungraithmayr and W. J. G. Mohlig. Berlin, 1983.

AkKisL

Akademiai kislexikon. Budapest, 1989-90.

Altpreuts

Altpreul3ische Biographie, ed. Christian Krollmann. Konigsberg, 1941-1967.

AmAu&B

Burke, William Jeremiah & Will D. Howe. American authors and books, 1640 to the present, revised by I. and A. Weiss. New York, 1962.

Amlndex

American biographical index. 2nd ed., comp, by Laureen Baillie. MOnchen, 1998.

AmM&WScP

American men and women of science: physical and biological sciences.

AmM&WScS

American men and women of science: social and behavioral sciences.

AmPeW

Roberts, Nancy L. American peace writers, editors and periodicals. New York, 1991.

AMS

American men of science, New York.

AmWomM

Leavitt, Judith A. American women managers and administrators. Westport, Conn., 1985.

AnaBrit

Ana Britannica. Istanbul, 1987-1993.

ANB

American national biography. New York, London, 1999.

Andrieu

Andrieu, Jules. Bibliographie generale de l'Agenais et des parties du Condomois et du Bazadais. Paris, Agen, 1886-91.

AnEIFr

Annuaire des etudes iraniennes en France. 1ere ed., Paris, 1989-

AnnDipl&C

Annuaire diplomatique et consulaire de la Republique trenceise.

AnObit

The Annual obituary. 1- . New York, 1980- .

Arabismo

Boletfn informativo (Agencia Espanola de Cooperaci6n Internacional): Arabismo; estudios arabes en Espana. Madrid, Ed. Mundo Arabe e Islam, 1992- .

Artefici

Artefici dellavoro italiano. Roma, 1956-59. 2 vol.

ASTENE

Association for the Study of Travel in Egypt and the Near East.

AUB

American University of Beirut.

AUC

American University in Cairo. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

vi

AusBiolnd

Australasian biographical index, ed. Victor Herrero Mediavilla. MOnchen, 1996.

Au&Wr

Author's and writer's who's who.

Awwad

'Awwad, Kurkis. u&I~1 u~JLJI ~~. Baghdad, 1969.

Azan

Azan, Paul. Les Grands soldats de I'Algerie. Alger, 1930.

AzarbSE

A3ap6ajwaHCOBem encusnoneoujecu. Baku, 1976-1987.

Bacque

Represenients permanents de la France en Turquie, 1536-1991, et de la Turquie en France, par Jean louis Bacque-Grammont, Sinan Kuneralp et Frederic Hitzel. Istanbul et Paris, 1991.

BAEO

Boletin de la Asociaci6n Espanola de Orientalistas.

Baker 78

Baker, Theodore. Biographical dictionary of musicians; completely revised by Nicolas Sionimsky. New York, 1978.

Baker 84

Baker, Theodore. Biographical dictionary of musicians. Sionimsky. New York, 1984.

Baldinetti

Baldinetti, Anna. Orientalismo e colonialismo; la ricerca di consenso in Egitto per l'impreso di Libia. Roma, 1997.

Ballesteros

Ballesteros Robles, luis. Diccionario biografico matritense. Madrid, 1912.

7th ed., revised by Nicolas

Baltisch

Baltischer biographischer Index, edited by Axel Frey. MOnchen, 1999.

BashkKE

5awKopmocmaH KpamKaR

BbD

The Bibliophile dictionary. Detroit, c1904, 1966.

BBHS

Bio-bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachwissenschaft des 18. Jahrhunderts. bingen, 1992- .

Behrmann

Behrmann, Georg. Hamburgs Orientalisten. Hamburg, 1902.

Bellier

Bellier de la Chavignerie, Emile, and louis Auvray. Dictionnaire general des artistes de t'ecote trenceise. Paris, 1882-85.

Bezemer BiBenelux

Beknopte encyclopedie van NederIandsch-In die, naar den 2. druk der Encyclopedie van Nederlandsch-Indie, bewerkt door Tammo Jacob Bezemer. s'Gravenhage, 1921. Biografische index van de Benelux. MOnchen, 1997.

BiBenelux 2

Biografische index van de Benelux. MOnchen, 2003.

BiDAml

Biographical dictionary of American labor, ed. by Gary M. Fink. 1984.

BiDAmS

Elliott, Clark A. Biographical dictionary of American science, the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. Westport, Conn., 1979. Kuehl, Warren F. Biographical dictionary of internationalists. Westport, Conn., 1983.

BiDlnt

suuuknoneou»,

general editor R. Z. Shakurov. Ufa, 1996. TO-

Westport, Conn.,

BiDlA

A Biographical dictionary of the living authors of Great Britain and Ireland. london, 1816; Detroit, 1966.

BiDMoPl

Biographical dictionary of modern peace leaders, ed. by Harold Josephson. Westport, Conn., 1985.

BiDMoER

Biographical dictionary of modern European radicals and socialists, ed. by D. Nicholls and Peter March. Vol. 1: 1780-1815. Brighton and New York, 1988.

BiDNeoM

Biographical dictionary of neo-Marxism, edited by Robert E. Gorman. Westport, 1985.

BiDrlUS

Biographical dictionary of librarians in the United States and Canada.

BiD&SB

Biographical dictionary and synopsis of books. Detroit, c1902, 1965.

BiDSovU

Vronskaya, Jeanne, with VI. Chuguev. A Biographical dictionary of the Soviet Union, 1917-1988. london, 1989.

Bidwell

Bidwell, Robin L. Travellers in Arabia. Reading, 1994.

Bidwell2

Bidwell, Robin L. Dictionary of modern Arab history. london, 1998. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

vii

BiEncPak

Biographical encyclopedia of Pakistan, 1969-70. Lahore.

BiGAW

Ward, Robert E. A Bio-bibliographyof German-American writers. White Plains, 1985.

BiLexDR

Biographisches Lexikon zum Dritten Reich, ed. Hermann Weir1. Frankfurt a. M., 1998.

BioB134

Bio-bibliographiesde 134 savants. Leiden, 1979. (Acta iranica; 4e ser.: Repertoires 1)

BiobibSOT

5u06u6nuoepacPuliecKu(J cnoeeps omeuecmeennux miopsonoeoe. Moskva, 1974.

Biograf

Biograf ki kicsoda. Budapest, 2001- .

BiogrLexOo

Khil, Martha. BiographischesLexikon von Oberosterreich. Linz, 1955- .

BioHbDtE

Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Emigration, 1933-1945. MOnchen,

Bioln

Biography index, 1- . New York, 1949- .

BioJahr

Biographisches Jahrbuch und deutscher Nekrolog. 1-18. Berlin, 1897-1917.

BioNBelg

Biographie nationale; publlee par l'Acadernie royale des sciences, des lettres et des

1980-1983.

beaux-arts de Belgique. Bruxelles, 1866- . Bitard

Bitard, Adolphe. Dictionnaire general de biographie contemporaine franr;aise et etrengere. Paris, 1878.

Bitard"

Bitard, Adolphe. Dictionnaire de biographie contemporaine franr;aise et etrangere. 3e ed. Paris, 1887.

BJMES

Britishjournal of Middle Eastern studies.

BLC

British Library catalogue.

BlkwERR

The Blackwell encyclopedia of the Russian revolution, edited by Harold Shukman. New York, 1988.

BlueB

The Blue book; leaders of the English-speakingworld. London, New York.

BN

Catalogue general des livres lmptimes de la Bibliothequenationale de Paris.

Boase

Boase, Frederic. Modern English biography. Truro, c1892-1921; London, 1965.

Bolsdeffre"

Boisdeffre, Pierre de. Histoire de la litterature de la langue franr;aise des ennees 1930 aux ennees 1980. Paris, 1985.

Bonner

Bonner Gelehrte; Beitrage zur Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Bonn. 1-. Bonn,

Brinkman's

Brinkman's catalogus van boeken en tijdschriften.

1968- .

BRISMES

British Society for Middle Eastern Studies.

Britlnd

British biographical index, 2nd cumulated and enlarged edition. MOnchen, 1998.

Brummer

Brummer, Franz. Lexikon der deutschen Dichter, 6. Aufl. Leipzig, 1913.

Brummer'

BrOmmer, Franz. Deutsches-DichterLexikon. Eichstadt, 1876-77.

BSMES

British Society for Middle Eastern Studies.

BSOAS

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African studies.

Buckland

Buckland, Charles E. Dictionary of Indian biography. London, 1906.

Burkert

Burkert, Martin. Die Ostwissenschaften im Dritten Reich. 1. Teil. Wiesbaden, 2000.

Bursian

BiographischesJahrbuch far Alterthumskunde, von Conr. Bursian. Berlin, 1879-1898.

BWN

Biografisch woordenboek van Nederland. 's-Gravenhage, 1979- .

Canadian

Canadian who's who.

Capeille

Capeille, Jean. Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonaises. Paris, 1914; reprint,

Cappellini 1

Cappellini, Antonio. Dizionario biografico di genovesi iIIustri e notabili. Genova, 1941.

Marseille, 1978.

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viii

Carnoy 102

Carnoy, Emile dit Henry. Dictionnaire biographique international des ecriveins. Paris, 1903. 262 p.

Carnoy 11

Carnoy, Emile dit Henry. Dictionnaire biographique international des artistes, peintres, sculptures etc. Paris, n.d. 99 p.

Carnoy 112

Carnoy, Emile dit Henry. Dictionnaire biographique international des collectionneurs, ex-libris, livres, manuscrits etc. Paris, 1895. 81 p.

Casanova

Casanova, Paul. L'Enseignement de I'arabe au Collage de France. Prais, 1910.

Casati

Casati, Giovanni. Dizionario degli scrittori d'ltalia. A-K. Milano, 1925-1934-

Casati 2

Casati, Giovanni. Scrittori cattolici italiani viventi. Milano, 1928.

CasWL

Cassell's encyclopaedia of world literature. London, 1953, 1973.

CathWW

The Catholic who's who and yearbook.

CBS

Ceskos/ovennsky biograficky s/ovnik. Praha, 1992.

CelCen

Sanders, Lloyd C. Celebrities of the century. 1881.

CentBbritOr

A Century of British Orientalists, 1902-2001; ed. C. Edmond Bosworth. Oxford, 2001.

Cesky

Cesky biograficky s/ovnik XX. stoleti. Paseka, 1999. 3 v.

ChambrBrBi

Chambers British biographies - the 20th century, ed. Min Lee. Edinburgh, 1993.

Chi

e

Chi a? Roma, 1928- .

ChineseBilnd

Chinese biographical index, compiled by Stephan von Minden. MOnchen, 2000.

Chi scrive

Chi scrive? Repertorio bio-bibliografico degli scrittori italiani. Milano, 1962.

Churan

Churan, Milan. Kdo byl kdo v nasich dejinach ve 20. stolet!. Praha, 1994.

Clausen

Clausen, Ursel. Tunisie; notes biographiques. Hamburg, 1976.

CIDMEL

Columbia dictionary of modern European literature, ed. Horatio Smith. New York, 1967.

CnDiAmJBi

The Concise dictionary of American Jewish biography, edited by Jacob Rader Marcus. Brooklyn, N.Y., 1994. 2v.

CNRS

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris.

ConAu

Contemporary authors.

Cordier

Cordier, Henri. Bibliotheca Indosinica. Paris, 1912-1932.

Coston"

Coston, Henry. Dictionnaire de la politique frangaise. Paris, 1967-82.

Couceiro

Couceiro Freijomil, Antonio. Compostela, 1951-1953.

Cragg

Cragg, Kenneth. Troubled by truth; life studies in interfaith concern. Edinburgh, 1992.

C.S.I.C.

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Clentlftcas.

Cuenca

Cuenca, Francisco. Biblioteca de autores andaluces. La Habana, 1921-1925.

CUNY

City University of New York.

Diccionario bio-bibliografico de escritores. Santiago de

CurBio

Current biography yearbook.

Curinier

Dictionnaire national des contemporains, ed. C. E. Curinier. Paris, 1901-1906.

Czywiesz

Czy wiesz kto to jest? Warszawa, 1938.

DAB

Dictionary of American biography.

DanskBL

Dansk biografisk leksikon, tredje udgave. Kebenhavn, 1979-1984.

DanskBL2

Dansk biografisk leksikon. Kebenhavn, 1933-1944.

Dantes 1

Dantes, Alfred Langue. Dictionnaire biographique et bibliographique. Paris, 1875.

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ix Dawson

Dawson, Warren R. & Eric P. Uphill. Who was who in Egyptology, 2d ed. London, 1972.

DBEC

Diccionario biografico espanol contemporeneo. Madrid, 1970.

trenceise.

DBF

Dictionnaire de biographie

DBFC

Dictionnaire biographique irenceis contemporain, 2eme ed. Paris, 1954-55.

DcAfHiB

Dictionary of African historical biography, 2nd ed. by Mark R. Lipschutz and R. Kent Rasmussen. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1986.

Paris, 1933- .

DcAmBC

Dickinson, Donald C. Dictionary of American book collectors. New York, 1986.

DcAmDH

Findling, John. Dictionary of American diplomatic history. Westport, 1980.

DcBiPP

Vincent, Benjamin. Dictionary of biography, past and present. 1877.

DcBMOuvF

Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier trenceis. Paris, 1964-

DcBrA

Waters, Grant M. Dictionary of British artists working 1900-1950. Eastbourne, 19751976.

DcCanB

Dictionary of Canadian biography. Toronto, 1966- .

DcCathB

Delaney, John J. & J. E. Tobin. Dictionary of Catholic biography. Garden City, N.Y., 1961.

DcEnc

Dictioner enciclopedic. Bucurestl, 1993- .

DcEnL

Adams, William Davenport. Dictionary of English literature. London, ca. 1885.

DcERoman

Dictionar enciclopedic Roman. Bucuresti, 1962-1966.

DcEuL

Magnus, Laurie. A Dictionary of European literature. London, 1926.

DclrB

Boylan, Henry. A Dictionary of Irish biography. New York, c1978, 1998.

DcNAA

Wallace, William Stewart. Dictionary of North American authors. Detroit, c1951, 1968.

DcOrL

Dictionary of Oriental literatures. London, New York, 1974. 3v.

DcScandB

Dictionary of Scandinavian biography, 2nd ed. Cambridge, 1976.

DcSandL

Dictionary of Scandinavian literature, edited by Virpi Zuck. New York, 1990.

DcScB

Dictionary of scientific biography. New York, 1970-76, 1978.

DcSpL

Newmark, Maxim. Dictionary of Spanish literature. New York, 1956.

De Rolandis

De Rolandis, Giuseppe M. Notize sugli escrittori Astigiani. Asti, 1859.

Dezobry

Dezobry, Louis Charles & Jean Louis Theodore Bachelet. Dictionnaire general de biographie et d'histoire etc., 5e ed. rev. Paris, 1869.

Diaz

Diaz Diaz, Gonzales. Hombres y documentos de la filosofia espanola. Madrid, 1980.

Dicc bio

Diccionari biografic. 1-3. Barcelona, 1966-1970.

DiccHist

Diccionario historia de Espana. Madrid, 1952.

Dickinson

Dickinson, Robert E. Makers of modern geography. London, 1969.

Dlctionar

Dtcttoner enciclopedic i1ustrat. Bucuresti, 1999.

DizBI

Dizionario biografico degli italiani, Roma , 1960- .

DizRN

Dizionario del Risorgimento nazionale. Milano, 1930-37.

DLB

Dictionary of literary biographhy. 1- . Detroit, Mich., 1978-

DNB

Dictionary of national biography. London, Oxford University Press

DNZB

Dictionary of New Zealand biography. Wellington, 1940. 2v.

DrAS

Directory of American scholars.

DrASCan

Directory of Asia studies in Canada. 1-. Ottawa, Ont., 1978- .

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x

DrBSMES

Directory of BRISMES members.

DSAB

Dictionary of South African biography. v. 1- . Pretoria, etc., c1968, 1976-

DtBE

Deutsche biographische Enzyklopadie. MOnchen, 1995-2000.

DtBilnd

Deutscher biographischer Index. 2. kumulierte und erw. Ausgabe. MOnchen, 1998.

DtBiJ

Deutsches biographisches Jahrbuch. Berlin, 1925-1929.

Dziekan

Dziekan, Marek M. Polacya swtet arabski; s/ownik biograficzny. Gdansk, 1998.

Edouard-J.

Edouard-Joseph, Rene. Dictionnaire biographique des artistes contemporains, 19101930. Paris, 1910-1930.

EEE

EKTTUIOeUTlKrJ eAAf7V1KrJ eVKU!dl 0 ttatsua. Athens, 1990-1991.

Egyptology

Who was who in Egyptology, 3d ed. by M. L. Bierbrier. London, 1995.

EI2

Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2d ed.

Elranica

Encyclopedia Iranica. London, 1985-

EIS

Necatigil, Beheet. Edebiyatlmlzda isimler sozlOgO, 7th ed. Istanbul, 1972.

Elias

Elias de Molins, Antonio. Diccionario biografico y bibliografico de escritores yartistas catalanes del siglo XIX. Barcelona, 1889-95.

Embacher

Embacher, Friedrich. Lexikon der Reisen und Entdeckungen. Leipzig, 1882.

Eminent

Eminent Indians who was who, 1900-1980. New Delhi, 1985.

EmOr

Eminent Orientalists, Indian, European, American. Madras, 1922.

EnBulg

EHLJ,UKnOpeoufi 5bnaapufl. Sofia, 1978-1996.

EncAJ

Paneth, Donald. The Encyclopedia of American journalism. New York, 1983.

EncAm

Encyclopedia Americana; international edition. New York, 1966.

EncBrit

Encyclocdia Britannica, 11th ed. Cambridge, 1910.

EncHung

Enciclopedia Hungarica. Budapest, 1992-1996.

EncicUni

Enciclopedia universal i1ustrada. Barcelona, 1910-1930.

Enclran

Encyclopaedia Iranica. London, 1985- .

Encltaliana

Enciclopedia italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti. Roma, 1929-1949.

EncJud

Encyclopaedia Judaica. Jerusalem, 1971

Enc.Iud"

Encyclopaedia Judaica. A-L. Berlin, 1928-1934.

EncJug

Enciklopedija Jugos/avije. A- . Zagreb, 1980- .

EncJug 2

Enciklopedija Jugos/avije. Zagreb, 1955-1971.

EncLZ

Enciklopedija leksikografskog zavoda. Zagreb, 1966-69.

EncNI

Encyclopedie van Nederlandsch-Indie. 2de druk. s'Gravenhage, 1917-1939.

EncO&P

Encyclopedia of occultism and parapsychology. Detroit, 1984.

EncPWN

Encyklopedia PWN

EncSlov

Encyklopedia s/ovenska. Bratislava, 1977-1979.

w trzech tomach. Warszawa, 1999- .

EncTR

Snyder, Louis L. Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. New York, 1976.

EncTwCJ

Taft, William H. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century journalists. New York, 1986.

EncWL

Encyclopedia of world literature in the 20th century, edited by Wolfgang B. Fleischmann. New York, 1967-1975.

EncWM

Encyclopedia of world Methodism. Nashville, Tenn., 1974.

EnSlovar

3HLJ,UKnOneou4ecKiCi cnoeepe. S.-Peterburg, 1890-1904. 82 vols.

Erdelyi

Erdelyi Magyar ki kicsoda. Budapest, 2000. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

xi Espasa

Diccionario enclctcoeaico Espasa. 1-12; apendlce 1 & 2. Madrid, 1978-1990.

EST

3HlJ,UKflOneouflu

EuAu

coeeemuu mOl/UK.

1-7. Dushanbe, 1978-1987.

Kunitz, Stanley J. & V. Colby. European authors, 1000-1900;

of European literature. New York, 1967.

a biographical dictionary

EURAMES

European expertise on the Middle East & North Africa, a directory of specialists and institutions; eds. Emma Murphy, Gerd Nonneman, Neil Quilliam for EURAMES, 1993.

EVL

ETTfropo f3loypaqJlKo AE{IKO, Athens.

EvLB

Browning, David Clayton. Everyman's dictionary of literary biography, English and American, compiled after John W. Cousin. 3rd ed. London, 1962.

Facey Grant

Facey, William & Gillian Grant. Kuwait by the first photographers. London, 1998.

FarE&A

The Far East and Australasia. 1 (1969)- .

Faucon

Faucon, Narcisse A. Le Livre d'or de 1'Algerie de 1830

Fekete

Fekete, Marton. Prominent Hungarians, home and abroad. 4th ed. London, 1985.

Ferahian

Ferahian, Salwa. Handlist of M.A. and Ph.D. theses submitted to the Institute of Islamic Studies, (McGill University,) 1954-1995. Montreal, McGill University, 1996.

Feraud

Feraud, Laurent Charles. Les interoretes de t'ermee d'Afrique. Alger, 1876.

a 1889.

Paris, 1889.

Fernandez

Fernandez y Sanchez, IIdefonso. Ano biografico esoeno: Barcelona, 1899.

Figuras

Figuras de hoy; enciclopedia biografica nacional. Madrid, 1951- .

Filipsky

Cestf a s/ovenstf orientaliste, afrikaniste a iberoamerikaniste, by Jan Filipsky a kol. Praha, 1999.

FilmgC

Halliwell, Leslie. Filmgoer's companion, 8th ed. New York, 1984.

Firenze

Gatalogo cumulativo 1886-1957 del bollettino delle pubblicazioni italiane ricevute per diritto di stampa dalla Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze. Nendeln, 1968-1969.

Frederiks

Frederiks, Johannes G. & F. Jos. van den Branden. Biographisch woordenboek der Noord- en Zuidnederlandsche letterkunde. 2e dr. Amsterdam, 1888-1892.

Freeth

Freeth, Zahra D. & H. V. F. Winstone. Explorers of Arabia. New York, 1978.

Fuad

Fuad, Kamal. Kurdische Handschriften. Wiesbaden, 1970.

FOck

Fuck, Johannes. Die arabischen Studien in Europa. Leipzig, 1955.

Fusco

Fusco, Enrico Maria. Scrittori e idee. Torino, 1956.

Gabriel

Gabriel, Alfons. Vergessene Persienreisende. Wien, 1969.

GAL

Brockelmann, Carl. Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur, 1898-1942.

GAS

Sezgin, Fuat. Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. 1-12. Leiden and Frankfurt am Main, 1967-2000.

Gastaldi

Gastaldi, Mario. Dizionario delle scrittrici italiane contemporanee. Milano, 1957.

GdeEnc

La Grande encyclopedie. Paris, 1885-1901.

GdLaEnc

Grand Larousse encyctopeaique. Paris, 1960-1964.

GDU

Larousse, Pierre. Grand dictionnaire universel. Paris, 1865-90.

GeistigeUng

Jasznlql, Alexander. Das geistige Ungarn; biographisches Lexikon, herausgegeben von Oskar von KrOcken [pseud.] und Imre Parlagi. Wien & Leipzig, 1918.

GeistigeWien

Eisenberg, Ludwig Julius. Das geistige Wien. 1- . Wien, 1893-

Geog

Geographers; biobibliographical studies. 1- . London, 1977- .

GER

Gran enciclopedia RIALP. 1-25. Madrid, 1984-1989.

Glaeser

Glaeser, Ernest. Biographie nationale des contemporains. Paris, 1878.

Goldschmidt

Goldschmidt, Arthur. Historical dictionary of modern Egypt. Boulder, Colo., 2000. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

xii Grada

Grac1a za hrvatsku retrospektivnu bibliografiju knijiga, 1835-1940. Zagreb, 1982- .

GrBiolnd

Griechischer biographischer Index = Greek biographical index, compiled by Hilmar Schmuck. MOnchen, 2003. 3 v.

GrBr

Oxbury, Harold. Great Britons; twentieth-century lives. Oxford, 1985.

GSE

Great Soviet encyclopedia. New York and London, 1973-1983.

Gubernatis 1

Gubernatis, Angelo de. Dizionario biografico degli scrittori contemporanei. 1879-1880.

Gubernatis 3

Gubernatis, Angelo de. Piccolo dizionario del contemporanei italiani. Roma, 1895.

GV

Gesamtverzeichnis des deutschsprachigen Schrifttums, 1700-1910. MOnchen, 19791987. 160 v.; Gesamtverzeichnis des deutschsprachigen Schrifttums, 1911-1965. MOnchen, 1976-1981. 150 vols.

Haan

Haan, Wilhelm. Sachsisches Schriftsteller-Lexicon. Leipzig, 1875.

HanRL

Handbook of Russian literature, edited by Victor Terras. New Haven, 1985.

HbDtWiss

Handbuch der deutschen Wissenschaft. Berlin, 1949. 2 vols.

HBL

Hrvatski biografski leksikon. Zagreb, 1983-

HE

Hrvatska enciklopedija. Zagreb, 1999-

Hellenikon

EAAf]vIKOV who's who, Athens.

Henze

Henze, Dietmar. Enzyklopadie der Entdecker. Graz, 1978- .

Hill

Hill, Richard. A Biographical dictionary of the Sudan. 2nd ed. London, 1967.

Firenze,

Hinrichsen

Hinrichsen, Adolf. Das literarische Deutschland. 2. Auflage. Berlin 1891.

HisBioLexCH

Historisch-biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Neuenburg, 1921-1934.

HisDcDP

Cortada, James W. Historical dictionary of data processing; biographies. New York, 1987.

HL

Hrvatski leksikon. Zagreb, 1996-1997.

HnRL

see HanRL

Hoefer

Nouvelle biographie generale, edited by Johann C. F. Hoefer. Paris, 1852-1866.

Hvem

Hvem er hvem, Oslo.

IES

IIustrovany encyklopedicky slovnfk. Praha, 1980-1982.

IJMES

International journal of Middle East studies.

Imperatori

Imperatori, Ugo E. Dizionario di italiani all'estero. Genova, 1956.

IndAu 1977

Thompson, Donald E. Indiana authors and their books, 1917-1966. Ind., 1974.

IndBI

Indice biografico italiano, 2a edizione, 1-7. MOnchen, 1997.

IndBiItal

Indice biografico italiano, 3a ed., T. Nappo. MOnchen, 2002.

IndexBFr

Index biographique

IndexBFr2

Index biographique

IndiaWW

India who's who.

ttenceis. trenceis,

Crawfordsville,

London, 1993. 2eme edition curnulee et auqmentee, MOnchen, 1998.

IndianBilnd

Indian biographical index, compiled by Loureen Baillie. MOnchen, 2001.

IndiceE 2

Indice biografico de Espana, Portugal e tberoemetice. 2a ed. MOnchen, 1995.

IndiceE

Indice biografico de Espana, Portugal e lberoemetice. 3a edici6n corregida y amplicada, editado por Victor Herrero Mediavilla. MOnchen, 2000.

3

IntAu&W

International authors and writers (who's who).

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xiii

IntDcAn

International dictionary of anthropologists, ed. Christopher Winters. New York, 1991.

IntMed

Internationalmedical who's who.

IntWW

International who's who.

IntWWM

International who's who in music and musicians' directory.

IntWWP

International who's who in poetry. London, 1958- .

IntYB

The Internationalyear book and statesmen's who's who.

IranWW

Iran who's who. Teheran, 1972- .

IWWAS

International who's who in Asian studies, Hong Kong.

JA

Journal asiatique.

JahrDtB

Jahrbuch der deutschen Bibliotheken. 1- . Leipzig, Wiesbaden, 1902- .

Jain

Jain, Naresh K. Muslims in India. New Delhi, 1979-83. 2v.

Jaksch

Jaksch, Friedrich. Lexikon sudetendeutscher Schriftsteller far die Jahre 1900-1929. Reichenberg, 1929.

JapAuFile

Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan (Japan).

[Engl. alternative title:] National Diet Library

authority file for Japanese authors. Tokyo, 1991.

JewEnc

The Jewish encyclopedia. New York & London, 1901-1906.

JNES

Journal of Near Eastern studies.

JRAS

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.

JRCAS

Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society.

JSS

Journal of Semitic studies.

JOdLex

Jcatscnes Lexikon. A-R. Berlin, 1927-1930. v. 1-4.

JugoslSa

Jugoslovenski savremenici; ko je ko u Jugoslaviji. Beograd, 1970.

Juynboll

Juynboll, W.M.C. Zeventiende-eeuwsche beoefenaars van het Arabisch in Nederland. Utrecht, 1931.

Kazakhskaia

Kesexcue» CCP KpamKafl3HLJ,UKflOneaufl, vol. 1-4. AIma-Ata, 1985-1991.

KazakSE

Ka3aK COBem 3HLJ,bIKflOpeaUflCbl. Almaty,1972-1982.

Kdo je kdo

Kdo je kdo. Praha, 1991- .

KDtLK

Kurscnners deutscher Literatur-Kalender.

Ki-kicsoda

Ki-kicsooda? Kortarsak lexikona. Budapest, 1937.

Kim kimdir

Ganama Tarkiyesinde kim kimdir. Istanbul.

Kirk

Kirk, John Foster. A supplement to Allibone's critical dictionary of English literature. Philadelphia, 1891.

Koi

KoCi KOCi e 6 5bfleapufl, 1998. Sofia, 1998- .

Koje ko

Koje ko u Jugoslaviji. Beograd, 1957.

Kosch

Kosch, Wilhelm. Das katholische Deutschland. Augsburg, 1933-38.

Krachkovskii

Krachkovskii,lgnatii. Die russische Arabistik, von I. J. Kratschkowski. Leipzig, 1957.

Kraks

Kraks bla bog. Kebenhavn, 1910- .

KtoPolsce

Kto jest kim w Polsce.

Kuhn

Kuhn, Heinrich & Otto Boss. Biographisches Handbuch der Tschechoslowakei. MOnchen, 1961.

KOrschner

Kursctmers Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender.

KyrgyzSE

Kblpebl3 COBem enuumoneounc». Ashgabat, 1974-1989.

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xiv Larnathlere

Lamathiere, Theophile de. Pantheon de la Legion d'honneur. Paris, 1875-1911.

LC

Library of Congress catalog and/or Library of Congress name authority file.

LEduc

Leaders in education. Lancaster, Pa., New York, 1932.

LexFrau

Lexikon der Frau. ZOrich, 1953-54.

LingH

Linguisten-Handbuch; herausgegeben von Wilfried KOrschner. TObingen, 1994.

LitWho

Literary who's who. London, 1920.

LitYbk

Literary yearbook (and who's who), vol. 1-22. London, 1897-1921.

LivesRem

Lives remembered; The Times obituaries. Pang bourne, 1991- .

Lodwick

Lodwick, Kathleen. The Chinese Recorder index, 1867-1941. Wilmington, Del., 1986.

LSE

London School of Economics.

LThK

Buchberger, Michael, ed. Lexikon fOr Theologie und Kirche. 2. Aufl. Freiburg, 19301938.

LuthC 75

Lutheran cyclopedia; edited by E. L. Lueker. St. Louis & London, 1975.

MacDCB 78

The Macmillan dictionary of Canadian biography, edited by William Stewart Wallace, 4th ed., by W. A. McKay. Toronto, 1978.

Magyar

Magyar Nagylexikon. Budapest, 1993- .

MagyarNKK

Magyar es nemzetkozlki kicsoda. Budapest, 1992-2000.

MagyarZL

Magyar zsid6lexikon. Budapest, 1929.

Makers

Makers of modern Africa. 1- . London, 1981- .

MalaCEnc

Mala ceskoslovenska encyklopedie. Praha, 1984-1987.

Manzanares

Manzanares de Cirre, Manuela. Arabistas esoenotee del siglo XIX. Madrid, 1972.

Masarykuv

Masarykuv slovnfk naucny. Praze, 1925-1933.

Mason

Mason, Philip. The Men who ruled India. London, 1985. (An abridged version of the first edition in two volumes, 1953-1954).

Master

Biography and genealogy master index, 2d ed., vol. 1-8. Detroit, Mich., 1980-

Matthieu

Matthieu, Ernest A. J. G. Biographie du Hainaut. Enghien, 1902-1905. 2 v.

Mayeur

Mayeur, Jean Marie & Yves Marie Hilaire.

France contemporaine. Paris, 1985-1990.

Dictionnaire du monde religieux dans la

MedWW

The Medical who's who. London, 1914.

Megali

MeyaAfJ eAAfJVIKfJ eyKUKAOTTaIOela. Athens, 1927-34. 24 vols.

MEJ

The Middle East journal.

MEL

Magyareletrejzi lexikon. Budapest, 1967-1969; 1978-1991.

MembriiAR

Membrii Academiei Romene, 1866-1999; dictionar, ed. Eugen Simion. Bucuresti.tsss.

Men10

Men of the time, 10th edition. London, 1879.

Mendez

Mendez Bejarano, Mario. Diccionario de escritores, maestros y oradores naturales de Sevilla y su actual provincia. Tomo 1-3. Sevilla, 1922-1925.

Mennell

Mennell, Philip. Dictionary of Australasian biography. London, 1892- .

MES

Middle Eastern studies.

MESA

Middle East Studies Association of North America.

MEW

Moderne encyclopedie van de wereldliteraturen. Haarlem, 1980-1984.

Meydan

BOyOk IOgat ve ansiklopedisi. Istanbul, Meydan-Larousse, 1969-1976.

Meyers

Meyers Grotses Konversations=Lexikon, 6. Aufl. Leipzig, 1907-1920.

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xv

MicDcEnc

Mic dictionar enciclopedic. Bucurestl, 1986.

Michaud

Biographie universelle (Michaud) ancienne et moderne. c1854, 1967.

MidE

The Middle East and North Africa. 1- . London, 1948- .

MIDEO

Melanges / Institut Dominicain d'Etudes Orientales du Caire.

Mifsud

Mifsud Bonnici, Robert. Dizzjunarju bijo-bibljografiku nazzjonali. Malta, 1960.

Miliband

Miliband, Sofiia D. Moskva, 1975.

Miliband 2

5uo6u6nuoapaepullecKuu cnoeeps coeemcxux aOCmOKOaeaO.

Miliband, Sofiia D. 5uo6u6nuoapaepullecKuu cnoeepe omeuecmeennux eocmosoMoskva, 1995.

eeooe c 1917 a.

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

Morgan

Morgan, Henry J., ed. The Canadian men and women of the time. Toronto, 1898; 2nd ed., Toronto, 1912.

MW

Moslem/Muslim world, Hartford, Conn.

Nat

Nat, Jan, De studie van de Oostersche talen in Nederland in de 18e en de 1ge eeuw. Purmerend, 1929.

NatCAB

The National cyclopaedia of American biography, vol. 1-63. New York, 1892-1984.

NatFacDr

National faculty directory. Detroit, 1970- .

NBN

Nouvelle biographie nationale. 1-. Bruxelles, 1988- .

NBW

Nationaal biografisch woordenboek. 1- . Brussel, 1964-

NCCN

New century cyclopedia of names. New York, 1954.

NDB

Neue deutsche Biographie. Berlin, 1953- .

NDBA

Nouvelle dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne. Strasbourg, 1982- .

NDNC

Nouveau dictionnaire national des contemporains, 1-5. Paris, 1962-68.

NearMEWho

The Near and Middle East who's who.

NEP

Nowa encyklopedia powszechna.PWN. Warszawa, 1995- .

NewC

New century handbook of English literature. New York, 1956.

NewCathEnc

New Catholic encyclopedia. Washington, D.C., c1967, 1981.

NewCEN

see NCCN

NewGrDM

The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians. London, c1980, 1995.

NieuwNBW

Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Leiden, 1911-1937.

NOB

Neue osterreichische Biographie ab 1815. 1- . Wien, 1923-

NorskBL

Norsk biografisk leksikon. 1-19. Oslo, 1923-1983.

Note

Note about the author in a periodical or book.

NSMES

Nordic Society for Middle Eastern Studies.

NUC

National union catalog.

NYC

New York City.

NYPL

New York Public Library, New York City.

NYT

New York Times.

ObitOF

Obituaries on file, compiled by Felice Levy. New York, 1979.

ObitT

Obituaries from the Times.

OBL

Qsterreichisches biographisches Lexikon, 1815-1950. Wien, 1957- .

Opac

Opac enciklopedija. Zagreb, 1980- . Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

xvi OSK Ossorio

Osteuropa Sammelkatalog, edited at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Not published. Ossorio y Bernard, Manuel. Ensayo de un catalogo de periodistas espanoles del siglo XIX. Madrid, 1903-4.

OttuvSN

Ottuv slovnfk naucny. Praze, 1888-1909.

Oursel

Oursel, Noernie N. Nouvelle biographie normande. Paris, 1886-1888.

OxCan

Story, Norah. Oxford companion to Canadian history and literature. Toronto, 1967.

OxCLiW

The Oxford companion to the literature of Wales. Oxford, 1986.

OxEng

Oxford companion to English literature; 4th ed. by P. Harvey. Oxford 1969.

OxFr

Oxford companion to French literature; ed. P. Harvey, J. E. Hesseltine. Oxford, 1966.

OxGer

Garland, Henry and Mary. The Oxford companion to German literature. Oxford, 1976.

OxLaw

Walker, David M. The Oxford companion to law. Oxford, 1980.

OxMus

Scholes, Percy A. The Oxford companion to music, 10th ed. London, 1974.

OxSpan

Oxford companion to Spanish literature; ed. by Philip Ward. Oxford, 1978.

OxThe

Oxford companion to the theatre, 4th ed. by Phyllis Hartnoll. Oxford, 1983.

Ozege

Ozege, M. Seyfettin. Eski hartlerle bas/lm/§ TOrkge eserler katalogu. lstanbul, 1971-82

Pallas

A Pallas nagy lexikona. Budapest, 1893-1897.

PeoHis

People in history, edited by Susan K. Kinnell. Santa Barbara, Calif, 1988.

Peyronnet

Peyronnet, Raymond. Livre d'or des officiers des Affaires indigenes, 1830-1930. Alger, Commissariat general du centennaire, 1930. Tome 2: Notices et biographies.

Pinto

Pinto, Juan. Diccionario de la Republica Argentina. Buenos Aires, 1950.

Poggendorff

Poggendorff, Johann C. Biographisch-literarisches Handworterbuch. Leipzig & Berlin, 1863-1962.

Polre

O'Donoghue, David James. The Poets of Ireland. c1912, 1968.

Polski

Polski indeks biograficzny, compiled by Gabriele Baumgartner. MOnchen, 1998.

PorLing

Portraits of linguists; a biographical source book for the history of Western linguistics, 1746-1963, edited by Thomas A. Sebeok. Bloomington, Ind., 1966. 2 v. [Reprint of obituaries, most of which in the original language]

Private

Private information or questionnaire.

Prominent

Prominent Hungarians, ed. Marton Fekete. London, 1985.

PSB

Polski slownik biograficzny. 1- . Krakow, etc., 1935- .

PSN

Prtrucni slovnfk naucny. Praha, 1962-1967. 4 vol.

PTF

Philologiae turcicae fundamenta. 2v. Wiesbaden, 1959-1965.

Quem

Quem

QuemPort

e quem no Brasil. Quem e alguem (Who's who in Portugal).

Qui

Qui est qui en Belgique francophone.

Qui etes-vous

Qui etes-vous, 1908, 1924.

Lisboa, 1947.

Quien

Quien es quien en Espana.

RCAJ

Royal Central Asian journal.

Rafols

Rafols, Jose Francisco. Barcelona, 1951-1954.

Ray

Dictionary of national biography. Supplement, edited by N. R. Ray. Calcutta, 1986- .

Diccionario biografico de artistas de Cataluna.

1-3.

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xvii Reich

Political leaders of the contemporary Middle East and North Africa, edited by Bernard Reich. New York, 1990.

REJ

Revue des etudes juives.

REnAL

The Reader's encyclopeadia of American literature. New York, 1963.

RHbDtG

Reichshandbuch der deutschen Gesellsch aft. Berlin, 1931.

Richter

Richter, Julius. A History of Protestant missions in the Near East. New York, 1910.

Riddick

Riddick, John F. Who was who in British India. Westport, Conn., 1998.

RNl

Revet nagy lexikona. 1-21. Budapest, 1911-1935.

Robinson

Robinson, Jane. Wayward women; a guide to women travellers. Oxford, 1990.

Romaniai

Romeniei magyar ki kicsoda. Kolozsvar, 1997.

ROMM

Revue de I'Occident musulman et de la Mediterranee.

Rosenthal

Rosenthal, Eric. Southern African dictionary of national biography. london, 1966.

Rovito

Rovito, Teodore. Letterati e giornalisti italiani contemporanei. Napoli, 1922.

RuizC

Ruiz Cabriada, Agustin. Bio-bibliograffa del cuerpo facultativo de archiveros, bibliotecarios yarque610gos, 1858-1958. Madrid, 1958.

Sabater

Diccionario biografico espeno! e hispanoamericano, publicado bajo la direcci6n de Gaspar Sabater. Palma de Mallorca, 1959- .

Sainz

Sainz de Robles, Federico Carlos. Ensayo de un diccionario de la literatura, 2d ed., 13. Madrid, 1953-1956.

Salomone

Salomone, Sebastiano. La Sicilia intellettuale contemporanea. Catania, 1913.

Salses

Salses, Edmond de. Livre d'or de valeurs humaines. Paris, 1970.

Sampaio

Andrade, Arsenio Sampaio de. Dictonetio hist6rico e biografico de artistas e tecnicos portugueses. Lisboa, 1959.

SBl

Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Stockholm, 1918- .

ScBInd

Scandinavian biographical index. london, etc., 1994.

Schafer

Schafer, Richard. Geschichte der Deutschen Orient=Mission. Potsdam, 1932.

SchBiAr

Keller, Willy. Schweizer biographisches Archiv. 1-6. ZOrich, 1952-1958.

Schoeberlein

Schoeberlein-Engel, John S. Guide to scholars of the history and culture of Central Asia. Cambridge, Mass., 1995.

Schwarz

Schwarz, Klaus. Der Vordere Orient in den Hochschulschriften Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz. Freiburg im Breisgau, 1980.

SchZlex

Schweizerisches Zeitgenossen-Lexikon. Bern, 1921.

Selim

Selim, George Dimitri. American doctoral dissertations on the Arab world, 1883-1974. Washington, D.C., 1976. Selim, George Dimitri. American doctoral dissertations on the Arab world, 1981-1987. Washington, D.C., 1989.

Selim 3

Selim, George D. American doctoral dissertations on the Arab world. 1975-1981. Washington, D.C., 1983.

Sen

Dictionary of national biography, edited by S. P. Sen. Calcutta, 1972-1974.

Sezgin

Bibliographie der deutschsprachigen Arabistik und Islamkunde; herausgegeben von Fuat Sezgin, I. BalQik, G. Degener, E. Neubauer. v.1-21. Frankfurt a. M, 1990-1995.

Shavit

Shavit, David. The United States in the Middle East. New York, 1988.

Shavit, Africa

Shavit, David. The United States in Africa. New York, 1989.

Shavit, Asia

Shavit, David. The United States in Asia. New York, 1990.

Supplement,

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xviii

SibirSE

Cu6upcKafi coeemcssn snuumoneoun. 1-3. Moscow, 1929-1932.

Sigilla

SigiIJa veri; Lexikon der Juden, -Genossen und -Gegner. Erfurt, 1929-1931.

SlovBioL

Slovenski biografski leksikon. Ljubljana, 1971-1991.

Sluglett

Sluglett, Peter. Theses on Islam, the Middle East and North-West Africa. London, 1983.

Smith

The Admission register of the Manchester school; ed. Jeremiah F. Smith. Manchester,

1866-1874. SMK

Svenska man och kvinnor. Stockholm, 1942-1955.

SOAS

School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.

Srodka

Sr6dka, Andrzej. Uczenipolscy XIX-XX stulecia. Warszawa, 1994-98.

Stache-Rosen Stache-Rosen, Valentina. German Indologists; 2d ed. New Delhi, 1990. Stenij

Stenij, S. Edv.

"Die orientalischen Studien in Finnland, 1828-1875" in: Studia ori-

entalia 1 (1925), pp. 271-311.

Suarez

Suarez, Constantino. Escritores y artistas Asturianos; indice bio-bibliografico. 7 vols. Madrid, 1936-1959.

SUNY

State University of New York.

TatarES

TamapcKuD 3HlJ,UKflOneou4ecKuD cnoeeps, ed. M. Kh. Khasanov. Kazan, 1999.

TB

TOrkiye bibliyografyasl.

Teichl

Osterreicher der Gegenwart, hrsg. von Robert Teichl. Wien, 1951.

Temerson

Biographie des principales personnelltes frangaises decedes au cours de t'ennee, ed.

THESAM 1

Le monde arabe et musulman au miroir de t'universitetrenceise; repertoire des theses

Henri Temerson. Paris, 1956. soutenues dans les universltes francaises, en sciences de I'homme et de la societe, sur Ie monde arabe et musulman, 1973-1987. THESAM 1: Maghreb, Mauritanie, Maroc, par Marie Burgat, Daniele Bruchet. Aix-en-Provence, 1989. THESAM 2

Le monde arabe et musulman au miroir de l'unlverslte trenceise; repertoire des theses soutenues dans les unlversites francalses, en sciences de I'homme et de la societe, sur Ie monde arabe et musulman, 1973-1987. THESAM 2: Algerie, Tunisie, Libye, par Jacqueline Quiles. Aix-en-Provence, 1990.

THESAM 3

Le monde arabe et musulman au miroir de I'universite trenceise; repertoire des theses soutenues dans les unlversites francaises, en sciences de I'homme et de la societe, sur Ie monde arabe et musulman, 1973-1987. THESAM 3: Machrek, par Jacqueline Quiles. Aix-en-Provence, 1991.

THESAM 4

Le monde arabe et musulman au miroir de l'unlverslte frangaise; repertoire des theses soutenues dans les universltes francalses, en sciences de I'homme et de la societe, sur Ie monde arabe et musulman, 1973-1987. THESAM 4: Monde arabe et musulman, Afghanistan, Empire ottoman, Iran, Pakistan, Turquie, par Marie-Jose Bianquis et Daniele Bruchet. Aix-en-Provence, 1992.

Thesis

Curriculum vitae in a doctoral dissertation.

ThTwC

Thinkers of the twentieth century, ed. E. Devine et al. London, c1983, 1987.

TurkmenSE

TypKMeH coeem enuumoneouncu, 1-10. Ashgabat, 1974-1989.

TwCAu

Twentiethcentury authors. New York, 1942, 1955.

TwCBDA

The Twentieth century biographical dictionary of notable Americans; edited by Rossiter

Johnson. Detroit, c1904, 1968. UCLA

University of California, Los Angeles.

UjMagyar

OJ magyar lexikon.

UjLex

Uj id6k lexikona. Budapest, 1936-1942.

Budapest, 1959-1972.

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xix Uj lexikon

Uj lexikon. Budapest, 1936. 8v.

Unesco

UNESCO. Social scientists specializing in African studies; directory Africanistes specialistes de sciences sociales; repertoire. Prepared by the Secretariat of Unesco. Paris, 1963.

=

UzbekSE

Y36eK COBem 3HLJ,UKflOneOUflCUKJ.

Vaccaro

Vaccaro, Gennaro, ed. Panorama biografico degli italiani d'oggi. Roma, 1956.

Van Ess

Van Ess, Dorothy. York, ca. 1937.

Vapereau

Vapereau, Gustave. Dictionnaire universel des contemporains, 6e ed, Paris, 1893.

Vem

ar det

1-14. Toshkent, 1971-1980.

Who's who in the Arabian mission, by Mrs. John Van Ess. New

Vem er det, Stockholm.

Vem och vad

Vem och vad, Helsingfors.

VIA

Voyageurs italien en Afrique. Roma, Ministerio delle Colonie, Ufficio Studi e Propaganda, 1931.

Vogel

Vogel, Lester I. To see a promised land. University Park, Pa., 1993.

Wer

Wer ist wer; Lexikon osterreichischer Zeitgenossen. Wien, 1937.

WhAm

Who was who in America.

WhAmArt

Who was who in American art.

WhE&EA

Who was who among English and European authors.

WhNAA

Who was who among North American authors.

Who

Who's who.

WhoAm

Who's who in America.

WhoAmArt

Who's who in American art.

WhoAmJ

Who's who in American Jewry.

WhoAmL

Who's who in American law.

WhoAmM

Who's who in American music.

WhoAmP

Who's who in American politics.

WhoAmW

Who's who of American women.

WhoArab

Who's who in the Arab world.

WhoArt

Who's who in art.

WhoAtom

Who's who in atoms.

WhoAus

Who's who in Australia.

WhoAustria

Who's who in Austria

WhoBelgium

Who's who in Belgium.

WhoBIA

Who's who among Black Americans.

WhoCon

Who's who in consulting.

WhoCroatia

Who's who in Croatia.

WhoE

Who's who in the East.

WhoEc

Who's who in economics; a biographical dictionary of major economists, 1700-1986.

WhoEcon

Who's who in economics; a biographical dictionary of major economists, 1700-1981.

WhoEduc

Who's who in education.

Who Egypt

Who's who in Egypt and the Near East.

WhoEIO

Who's who in European institutions and organizations. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

xx WhoEmL

Who's who of emerging leaders in America.

WhoFI

Who's who in finance and industry.

WhoFr

Who's who in France.

WhoFrS

Who's who in frontiers of science and technology.

WhoGov

Who's who in government.

Wholndia

Who's who in India.

Wholsrael

Who's who in Israel.

Wholtaly

Who's who in Italy.

WhoLeb

Who's who in Lebanon.

WhoLib

Who's who in librarianship.

WhoLibI

Who's who in library and information science.

WhoLibS

Who's who in library science.

WhoLit

Who's who in literature.

WhoMilH

Keegan, John & A. Wheatcroft. Who's who in military history. 2nd ed. London, 1987.

WhoMus

Who's who in music.

WhoMW

Who's who in the Midwest.

WhoNL

Who's who in the Netherlands.

WhoNZ

Who's who in New Zealand.

WhoOster

Who is who in Osterreich .

WhoRel

Who's who in religion.

WhoRom

Who was who in twentieth century Romania, by $. N. lonescu. Boulder, Colo., 1994.

WhoSAfrica

Who's who in Southern Africa.

WhoScand

Who's who in Scandinavia.

WhoScEu

Who's who in science in Europe.

WhoSocC

Who's who in the Socialist countries.

WhoSoCE

Who's who in the Socialist countries of Europe.

WhoScot

Who's who in Scotland.

WhoSpain

Who's who in Spain.

WhoS&SW

Who's who in the South and Southwest.

WhoSwi

Who's who in Switzerland.

WhoUN

Who's who in the United Nations and related agencies.

WhoUSWr

Who's who in U.S. writers, editors & poets.

WhoWest

Who's who in the West.

WhoWor

Who's who in the world.

WhoWorJ

Who's who in world Jewry.

WhWE

Who was who in world exploration, by Carl Waltman and A. Wexler. New York, 1992.

Widmann

Widmann, Horst. Exit und Bitdungshilfe. Bern, 1973.

Wie is dat

Wie is dat, s'Gravenhage.

Wie iswie

Wie is wie in Nederland, s'Gravenhage.

Wieczynski

Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, edited by J. L. Wieczynski. Vol. 1-60. Gulf Breeze, Fla., 1976-2000. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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WielkoSB

Wielkopolski slownik biograficzny, Warszawa.

WieVlaand

Wie is wie in Vlaanderen, Brussel.

Wininger

Wininger, Samuel. GroBe jOdische Nationa/-Biographie. Cernauti, 1925-1932.

WomNov

Robinson, Doris. Women novelists, 1891-1920. New York, 1984.

WomWWA

Woman's who's who of America, 1914-1915.

WorAI

The World Almanac Book of who, edited by Hana U. Lane. New York, 1980.

WorAu

Wakeman, John. World authors; a companion volume to Twentieth-century authors. New York, 1975, 1980.

WrDr

The Writers directory

Wrede

Wrede, Richard. Das geistige Berlin. Berlin, 1897-1898.

Wright

Wright, Denis. The English amongst the Persians. London, 1977.

WRMEA

Washington report on Midle East affairs, vol. 1- . Washington, D.C., 1982-

Wurzbach

Wurzbach, Constant von. Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. Wien,

WW

Who was who

WWASS

Who's who in Asian studies in Switzerland. Geneva, 1989.

WWScand

Who's who in Scandinavia. A-K, L-Z. Zurich, 1981.

WWWA

Who was who in America

WZKM

Wiener Zeitschrift far die Kunde des Morgenlandes

Zach

Zach, Michael. Osterreicher im Sudan, 1820 bis 1914. Wien, 1985.

Zananiri

Zananiri, Gaston. Figures missionnaires modernes. Paris, 1963.

ZDMG

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft

ZKO

Zentralkatalog der Orientalia; Islamic publications down to 1993, edited by W. H. Behn at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Not published.

Zurcher

Zurcher, Erik J. Turkey; a modern history. London, 1993.

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Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

Naab, Jakob Paul, he wrote Pir HOseyin'de Naram-Sin stelinin ke§fi Naram-Sin in Pir HOseyin (Istanbul, 1935). NUC, pre-1956

=Die Entdeckung der Stele des

Naamani, Israel Tarkow, born in 1912, 1913 or 1915 at Zhitomir, Russia, he graduated in 1935 from Marquette University, Milwaukee, and gained a Ph.D. in political science in 1945. Since 1949 he taught in various capacities at the University of Louisville, Ky. In the summer of 1965 he was joint director of a professors' workshop in the Middle East, sponsored by New York University and the U.S. State Department. When the project was completed, he detached himself from the group and made contact on his own with the Kurds. His writings include Israel through the eyes of its leaders (1971), and Israel; a profile (1972). He died in Louisville, Ky., 3 November 1979. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S;

CnDiAmJBi; ConAu 106, 124; Note; WhoSSW, 1975/76; WhoWorJ, 1972

Nabielek, Rainer, he gained a Dr.med. and Dr.med.habil. and became a member of the Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin in Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin. KOrschner, 1996,2003 Nabti, Michel G., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1981 from Stanford University for Coverage of the Arab world in American secondary school world studies textbooks. He was in 1995 affiliated with the Department of Business and Social Sciences, Foothill College, Los Altos, Calif. MESA Roster of

members,1982-1990; NatFacDr,1995; Selim2

Naby, Eden, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1975 from Columbia University. In 1990 he was a lecturer in Near Eastern languages and cultures at Harvard University. MESA Roster of members, 1990 Naccache, Georges Philippe, born in 1904 at Alexandria, Egypt, he was educated at a Jesuit college in Alexandria and the Universite Saint-Joseph, Beirut. He became a politician and administrator, and served from July 1966 to November 1967 as Lebanese ambassador to France. His writings include Un Rave libanais, 1943-1972 (Paris, 1983). He died in 1972. lC; Wholeb, 1970/71; WhoWor, 1974/75 Nachmias, David, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from the University of Oregon for Political alienation and political behavior. He was in 1973 a lecturer in the Department of Political Science, Tel-Aviv University, and in 1995 affiliated with the Department of Political Science, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee. His writings include Research methods in the social sciences (1976). Note; NatFacDr, 1995

Nachtigal, Gustav, born 23 February 1834 at Eichstedt, Germany, he studied medicine at the universities of Berlin, Halle, WOrzburg, and Greifswald, where he received a doctorate NonnuJla de venae portarum thromboseos aetiologia, in 1857. On account of poor health he went in 1862 to Bone, Algeria, and moved to Tunis in the following year. He practised medicine among the high and low, but without much chance of renumeration. In 1869 he accepted the offer of the King of Prussia to go on a mission to the Sultan of Bornu. This was the beginning of fifteen years of travel in Wadai, Darfur, and Kordofan. He later took part in explorations in Togoland and the Cameroons. His writings include Sahara und SOdan (1889), a work that was published in English in 1975. He died on his way home, off the coast of Guinea on 20 April 1885. DtBE; Embacher; EncBrit; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; Henze; Hill; Hommes et destins, 7; Meyers

Nachtigall, Horst, born 4 February 1924 at Berge, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1951 from the Universitat Mainz for Die Piattformbesta ttung, and a Dr.habil. in 1958 for Die amerikanischen Megalithkulturen. He did field-work from 1952 to 1962 in South America as well as Tunisia and Morocco. He was a professor and chairman, VOlkerkundliches Seminar, Universitat Marburg, from 1963 to his retirement in 1989. His writings include Tierradentro (1955), and Volkerkunde von Herodot bis Che Guevara; Neturvoiker werden Entwicklungsvolker (1972). KOrschner, 1966-2003; WhoWor, 1980/81-1982/1983 Nacl, Stavri N., born 20th cent., he wrote Pashallaku i Shkodras nan sundimin e Bushatllive ne gjysman e dyta shekullit te XVIII, 1757-1796 (Tirane, 1964), Pashallaku i Shkodras na vitet e para ta shek (1986), and he edited Shqipara e veriut na shek (Tirane, 1967). lC Nadama (Na-Dama), Garba, ai-Hajj, born 1938 at Gusau, Nigeria, he was educated at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, where he received a Ph.D. He was in 1979 a principal, Advanced Teachers College, Sokoto, and in 1981, governor of the State of Sokoto. Africa who's who,1991-1996 Nadel, Ira Bruce, born 23 July 1943 at Rahway, N.J., he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., for The alternate vision; the renunciation in novels. Since 1970 he was affiliated in various capacities with the Department of English, University of British Columbia at Vancouver, a post which he still held in 2003. His writings include Various positions; a life of Leonard Cohen (1996), and he edited The Cambridge companion to Ezra Pound (1999). ConAu 102, new rev., 18,39; DrAS, 1974 E, 1978E, 1982 E; NatFacDr, 1995-2003

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Nadel, Siegfried Frederick Stephen, born 24 April 1903 at Lemberg, Galicia, he studied piano and composition at Musikakademie Wien as well as musicology, philosophy, and psychology at the Universltat, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1925 for Zur Psychologie des Konsonanzerlebens. In 1931 he went for study of African languages to Berlin; since 1932 he took social anthropology at LSE, where he gained a Ph.D. in 1935. He subsequently did field-work in Nigeria and the Sudan. After wartime service in Africa with the British Army, he successively became a lecturer at LSE, the University of Durham, and King's College, Newcastle. In 1950 he was invited to the chair of anthropology in the Australian National University at Canberra, where he delivered his inaugural lecture on 10 July 1953. His writings include Derduale Sinn der Musik (1931), Georgische Gesange (1933), A black Byzantium; the kingdom of Nupe in Nigeria (1942), The Nuba; an anthropological study (1947), The foundations of social anthropology (1951), and The Nupe religion (1954). He died in Canberra on 14 January 1956. Bioln 4; OtBE; IntOcAn; NOB; WhoAus, 1955

Nadelmann, Kurt Hans, born in 1900 at Berlin, he studied at Berlin and Freiburg, where he received a Dr.jur. in 1921. He was a judge until 1933, when he moved to Paris. He subsequently emigrated to the United States where he taught successively at the University of Pennsylvania and New York University Law School from 1949 to 1963. He wrote The National bankructcy act and the conflict of laws (1946), and Conflict of laws (1972). He died on 26 January 1984. NYT, 31 January 1984, p. B-6, col. 3 Nader, Laura, born 30 September 1930 at Winstel, Conn., she received a Ph.D. in 1961 from Radcliffe College, Harvard, for Space and social organization in two Zapotec villages, Since 1960 she was affiliated with the University of California at Berkeley as an anthropologist. Her writings include Talea and Juquila; a comparison of Zapotec social organization (1964), and she edited The ethnography of law (1964), Law in culture and society (1969), and Cultural illness and society (1973). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 17-20, new rev. 7; Master (4); NatFacOr, 1995; WhoAm, 1986/87-1988/89; WhoAmW, 1972-1976/77

Nadiradze, Levan Isidorovich, born 13 February 1921 in the Georgian SSR, he graduated in 1952 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis, and received his first degree in 1963 at Moscow for 06U(ecmaeHHo3KOHOMULJeCKUe omuoiuenun a xenuaeme VII-VIII ee. He was affiliated with the Moscow State University from 1960 to 1977, when she joined the Oriental Institute in the Georgian Academy of Sciences. He edited xoeomovemim no ucmopuu xenuaieme (1968). He died in 1993. Miliband2 Nadolny, Rudolf, born 12 July 1873 at GroB-Sturlack, East Prussia, his writings include Verkehr nach RuBland (1908), Germanisierung oder Slavisierung (1928), Volkerrecht und deutscher Friede (1949), and Mein Beitrag (1955). He died in Dusseldorf on 18 May 1953. BiLexOR; Bioln 3,5; OtBE; EncTR; NOB Nadzhafov, Mursal Nadzhaf kuli-ogly, he wrote QJyao racaH oenu A6oypaxMaHoaa (Moscow, 1955), A3uM-3aoe (Moscow, 1957), UCKyccmao A3ep6aiJo>KaHcKoiJ CCP (1972), and, with Nureddin D. Gabibov, he was joint author of UCKyccmao coeemcsoeo A3ep6aiJo>KaHa (1960). NUC, pre-1956, 1973-77 Nadzharian, Egiia Ovsepovich, born 12 April 1933 at Beirut, he received his first degree in 1973 from the Faculty of Philology, Erevan, for ApMRHo-apa6cKue KynbmypHue caR3U a Cupuu u fluaaHe, 19451970 ee. Since 1964 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Armenian Academy of Sciences. His writings include Iluee« a KOHL(e XVIII u a nepaoiJnon. XIX aeKa (1985). Miliband2 Nadzhip (Nadzib), Emir Nazhipovich, born in 1899 in Kazakhstan, he received his first degree in 1944 for «J1eKClt1Ka coapeaeasoa y~ryPCKO~ npeccsr», and his doctorate in 1965 for KblnLJaKCKo-oaY3cKuiJ numepemyonui) R3blK MaMnlOKCKoao Eaunma XIV eese. His writings include YiJaypcKuiJ R3blK (1946), Ilemupoeennen mypKoR3blLJHaR oyronuc» XVI aeKa (1960), CoapeMeHHbliJ yiJaypcKuiJ R3blK (1960), its tanslation, Modern Uigur (1971), YiJaYPcKo-PYCCKuiJ cnoeeps (1968), and nccneaoeeuun no ucmopuu mlOpKCKUX R3blKoa XI-XIV eesoe (1989). He died on 28 March 1991. Miliband; Miliband2 ; TatarES Nadzhmonov, Faiz, born 15 January 1940 in Tajikistan, he graduated in 1963 from the Tajik State University and received his first degree in 1967 from the Institute of the Peoples of Asia in the Soviet Academy of Sciences with a thesis entitled Hoeue eepoi: a nepcuocKoiJ numepamype nepenoMHoiJ snoxu. Since 1966 he was affiliated with the Oriental Faculty in the Tajik State University. His writings include Ilonoxumensnut: eepoa a coepenennoi) nepcuocsoa numepamype (1977). Miliband2 Naff, Alixa, born 1919 in the United States. After a successful administrative career in private industry, she was a senior in college in 1962. Ten years later, she received a Ph.D. from UCLA for A social history of Zahle, the principal market town in nineteenth-century Lebanon. From 1972 to 1977 she taught at California State University, Chico, and University of Colorado, Boulder. She left teaching in 1977 and moved to Washington, D.C. to serve as consultant for a documentary film on Arabs in America for the Harvard Encyclopedia on American Ethnic Groups. In 1984 she donated her collection of artifacts and documents to the Smithonian Institution in Washington, D.C. For lack of a suitable archivist at the Smithonian, she assumed this position and held it until 1996. Her writings include Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

3 Becoming American: the early Arab immigration experience (1985), and The Arab Americans (1988). WRMEA 15 (October 1996), pp. 71 and 103

Naff, Thomas, born 7 December 1929 at Spring Valley, Illinois, he graduated in 1952 from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and received a Ph.D. in 1951 at Berkeley for Ottoman diplomacy and the great European powers, 1789-1802, and second Ph.D. in 1969 from SOAS for a thesis with the identical title. He was since 1967 a professor of history in the Department of Asian and Middle East Studies at the University of Pennsylvania and also a sometime director of its Middle East Center. He was joint author of Water in the Middle East (1984), editor of Gulf security and the Iraq-Iran war (1985), and he was joint editor of Studies in eighteenth century Islamic history (1977). DrAS, 1974, 1978 H, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; Note; Sluglett

Naficy, Hamid, born 2 February 1944 at Isfahan, Iran, he graduated in 1968 in telecommunications from the University of Southern California and received a Ph.D. in 1990 in film and TV studies at Los Angeles. He was affiliated with U.C.L.A. from 1990 to 1993, when he became a professor of media studies in the Department of Art and Art History at Rice University, Houston, Texas, a post which he still held in 2003. He was an editor of Home, exile, homeland; film, media, and the politics of place (1999), and he was joint editor of Otherness and the media (1993). NatFacDr, 1995-2003; Private; WhoSSW, 1999/2000; WhoWest, 1992/93

Nafigov, Rafik Izmailovich, born in 1928, he was since 1951 affiliated with Kazan University, where he became a professor of political history in 1965. His writings include MynnaHyp Bexumoe (1961), OHU 6blnu nepeuuu (1963), nepBble uiee 8 peBOnlOLI,UIO (1970), and TaiJHbl pe80n>KLI,UOHHoao noonons» (1981). TatarES Nagata, Judith Ann, born 14 February 1940 at Walsall, England, she received a Ph.D. in 1968. Thereafter she was a professor, and director of Graduate Programme, Department of Anthropology, York University, Downsview, Ontario. Her writings include The Flowering of Malaysan Islam (1984). AmM&WS, 1973 S; DrASCan, 1978, 1983

Nagazumi, Akira, born in 1929 at Tokyo, he received a Ph.D. in 1967 from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., for The origin and the earlier years of the Budi Utomo, 1908-1918. Since 1974 he held the chair of history of Southeast Asia at Tokyo University. His writings include Oranda Higashi Indo Kaisha (1971), and The Dawn of Indonesian nationalism (1972). He died in 1987. Archipe/35 (1988), pp. 3-6 Nagel, Ludwig, born 21 December 1939 at Dresden, Germany, he studied biology and bio-chemistry at the Universitat MOnchen. In 1966 he followed his thesis supervisor to Hannover, who had there accepted a professorship. He received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1968 from the Technische Hochschule Hannover for Der EinfluB von Insulin und Trijod- Thyronin auf die Mitochondrien der Rattenleber in vivo. He became affiliated with the German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Eschborn. His writings include Aquakultur in der Dritten Welt (1977). Sezgin; Thesis Nagel, Tilman, born 19 April 1942, he studied at Bonn, where he also received a Dr.phil. in 1967 for Die Qisas al-anbiya', and a Dr.habil. in 1972 for Untersuchungen zur Entstehung des abbasidischen Kalifats. He was successively a professor of Arabic at Bonn and Gottingen. In 1989 he became a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen. His writings include FrOhe Ismailiya und Fatimiden im Lichte der Risalat ad-Da'wa (1972), Alexander der GroBe in der frOh=is/amischen Volksliteratur (1978), and Timur der Eroberer und die is/amische Welt des soeten Mittelalters (1993). KOrschner, 1983-2003; Note; Schwarz

Nagieva, Dzhannet Mirmustafa gyzy, born 20th cent., she was, together with T. N. Nuralieva, joint author of flulfHble u ea3eHHble neuemu (Baku, 1991). LC Nagler, Horst, born about 1940, he received a Dr.phil. in 1971 from the Universitat Bochum for Privatinitiative beim Industrieaufbau in Afghanistan. Schwarz Nagornaia, Anna Valentinovna, born 24 May 1945 at Moscow, she graduated in 1972 from the Faculty of History, Moscow, and received her first degree in 1988 for Pyccso-upencxue KynbmypHue C8f13U 8 KOH4e XIX- neuene XX 8. She was successively affiliated with the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences and the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. Miliband2 Nagrodzka-Majchrzyk, Teresa, fl. 1961, her writings include Geneza miast u dawnych lud6w tureckich (1975), and she was joint author of Hunowir europejscy, Protobulgarzy, Chazarrowie, Pieczyngowie (Wroclaw, 1975). LC Nagy, Albino, Dr., born 19th cent., his writings include Principi di logica; esposti secondo Ie doUrine moderne (Torino, 1891), Lo sdoppiamento della personalita' (Roma, 1892), and he edited Die philosophischen Abhandlungen des Ja(qab ben Ishaq ai-KindT(MOnster, 1897). Firenze; NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Nagy, Geza, born 4 August 1855 at Gardony, Hungary, he studied philosophy and ethnography, and from 1875 to 1881 held a post at the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest. He subsequently served as a curator at Szekler National Museum in Sepsi-Szent-Gyorgy (Sfintu Gheorghe), Transylvania, until 1889, when he returned to the Hungarian National Museum. In 1900 he was appointed a curator and in 1902 he also became a director at the Museum. In 1901 he was elected a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Science. His writings include A szkithak nemzetisege (1895). He died in Budapest, 3 February 1915. GeistigeUng; Pallas; RNL Nagy, Laszlo J., 1945- see J.Nagy, Laszlo Nagy, Olga, born 2 January 1921 at Nagyernye, she was a writer on folk literature and the Gypsies of Transylvania. Her writings include Hosek. csaI6kak,ordogok; essze (Bucurestl, 1974), and Vilagga fut6 szavak (Budapest, 1990). Erdelyl; MagyarNKK, 1992-2002; Romaniai Nahmad, Hayyim Musa, he was by origin a Syro-Palestinian Jew, born about 1918. In 1943 he was a sergeant in the British Army (Intelligence Corps), and was sent to work in Tehran under Captain G. M. Wickens who arranged for him to be sent back to work in the Arab world as a more appropriate place for his qualifications. After the war, he seems to have had an "economic base" in carpets. In 1971 he received a B.Litt. at Oxford with a thesis entitled An Economic and social study based on a collection of Judeo-Arabic legal documents from the Fatimid period from the Cairo Genizah. He was for over twenty years a private scholar of Arabic at Oxford and one of the early members of the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies. He was a sad but stoical figure, lonely and in indifferent health at times, but cheerful and courteous. He was joint author of Everyday Arabic (London, 1940), and he translated from the Arabic of Kahlil Gibran, Nymphs of the valley (1948), and Tears and laughter (1950). He died about 1990. Private; Sluglett; letter from Prof. G. M. Wickens to the writer von der Nahmer, Ernst Axel Clemens, born 10 July 1862, he received a Dr.phil. in 1888 from the Universltat Marburg for Die Wehrerfassung der deutschen steate in der zweiten Halfte des XIV. Jahrhunderts. He was for many years a correspondent to Kolnische Zeitung in Constantinople, and a pioneer of the German educational system in Turkey. When he died, 24 November 1919, he left an unfinished study in the history of German colonization in the Orient. DtBiJ, 1919-20; Totenliste, 1919, p 727 Nahon, Moise, born in 1870, he was a distinguished educator, and the inspector of the Alliance Israelite Universelle in Morocco. He was active in several philantrhropic societies. His writings include Propos d'un vieux Marrocain (Paris, 1920), and Notes d'un colon du Gharb, 2 juillet 1920- oecembre 1924 (Casablanca, 1925). He died in 1928. BN; EncJud; NUC, pre-1956 Nahumi, Mordehai, fl. 1958-63, he was a political commentator for the Israeli daily, al-Hamishmar. Note Naidis, Mark, born 5 August 1918 at N.Y.C., he graduated in 1938 from U.C.L.A. and received a Ph.D. in 1951 from Stanford University for The Punjab disturbances of 1919. From 1955 to his retirement in 1980 he taught history at California colleges and universities and also served as a visiting professor at home and abroad. His writings include India; a short history (1966), The second British Empire, 17831965 (1970), and The Western tradition (1972). ConAu 33-36; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H; Master (1); WrDr, 1976/78-1984/86

Nair, M. Bhaskaran, born 20th cent., he was in 1971 a research fellow at the School of International Studies and Diplomacy, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, and in 1990 he was attached to the Department of Political Science, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong. His writings include Politics of Bangladesh; a study of Awami League (1990). LC Naish, Christopher Garrison, born in 1885, he gained a B.A. As a member of the Council of Christian Missions in Western Asia and Northern Africa, he served in 1926 as a missionary at Beirut. His writings include Antonio Manasseh, the beloved doctor of the Lebanon (London, 1931), and Robert John Davidson; a memoir of the pioneer Quaker missionary in West China (London, 1943). He died in 1947. Mary E. Pumphrey wrote Life of Christopher G. Naish (1949). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Nakhla, Raphael, S.J., fl. 1938, his writings include Grammaire du dialecte Iibano-syrien (1938), Gara'ib al-Iahjah al-LubnanTyahal-SarTyah (1962) as well as other writings in Arabic. NUC, pre-1956 Nakhleh, Emile A., born 25 May 1938 at Ramah, Palestine, he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from the American University, Washington, D.C., for An Assessment of socialism as a process of change in the United Arab Republic. He was since 1967 affiliated with Mount St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md. He specialized in the Persian Gulf and the Israeli Arabs. His writings include Arab-American relations in the Persian Gult (1975), The United States and Saudi Arabia (1975), Bahrain; political development (1976), The West Bank and Gaza (1979), and he was joint editor of The Arabian Peninsula, Red Sea and Gulf (1979). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 77-80; Master (1); Selim; WhoAm, 1990-95; WhoE,1991/92 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Nakhleh, Khalil Abdullah, he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Indiana University with a thesis entitled Shiftingpatterns of conflict in selected Arab villages in Israel. Selim Nalbandian, Akop Tagvorovich, born in 1891, he received his first degree in 1950 at Erevan for

AOMuHucmpamueHafi U nenoeoeennonumuse apa60e e ApMeHuu. He was from 1947 to his death on 14 December 1952 a research fellow at the Institute of History, Azerbaijan Academy of Science.

Miliband; Miliband2

Nalbandian, Georgii Mkrtychevich, born 5 January 1926 at Chita, Russia, he graduated in 1951 at Erevan where he also received his first degree in 1955 for OllepKuno npeeHenepcuocKoMy fl3b1KY. His writings include 06pa3~bl coepeMeHHoCi neocuockot: np03bl (1964), and he was joint author of nexneauucKo-nepcuocKo-apMflHcKo-pyccKo-aHanuucKuu cnoees (1965). Miliband; Miliband2 Nalder, Leonard Fielding, born in 1888, he was educated at Rugby and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was a sometime member of the Sudan Political Service, Red Sea Patrol, and Mesopotamia Political Service. He edited A tribal survey of Mongalla Province, by members of the province staff and Church Missionary Society (1937). He died in 1958. Who was who 5 Nalivkin, Vladimir Petrovich, born 15 July 1852 at Kaluga, Russia, he was an artillery officer with a solid knowledge of Uzbek, Tajik, and Arabic. He was from 1890 to 1895 an inspector of Islamic schools in Syr Darya, Fergana, and Samarkand, and a sometime governor of Fergana. His writings include OllepK6blma >KeHw,mHbl oceoneeo myeMHaao necenenie (/JepaaHbl (1886), KpamKafi ucmopin KOKaHCKaao xencmee (1886), PyKoeoocmao KnpaKmuliecKoMy usyuenuto cepmoecxeeo fl3blKa (1898), and Histoire du khanat de Khokand, translated by A. Dozon (1878). He died in Tashkent, 20 January 1918. BiobibSOT, pp. 222-223; EnSlovar; UzbekSE Nallino, Carlo Alfonso, born 16 February 1872 at Torino, he studied Oriental languages and geography at the Unlversita di Torino, where he was a student of Italo Pizzi in Indo-Aryan philology. He published Chrestomathia Qorani Arabica in 1893 and subsequently received a scholarship to study Arabic at Cairo. Competent in written as well as spoken Arabic, he published L'arabo parlato nell'Egitto in 1900. His al-Battani sive Albatenii Opus astronomicum (1899-1907), established his international reputation so that he was invited to deliver an Arabic lecture series in 1909/10 on Arabic astronomy at Cairo University, later published under the title '11m al-falak. From 1915 to his death in 1938 he held the chair of Islamic institutions in the Universita di Roma. His other writings include Arabian astronomy (1911), Ancora su Ibn al-FarTd e sulla mistica musulmana (1911-20), and La Iitterature arabe des origines a t'epoque de la dynastie umayyade (1950). Baldinetti, pp. 90-91; Chi e, 1931, 1936; Fuck,299-300; IndBiital (3); Index Islamicus (17)

Nallino, Maria, born 23 January 1908 at Palermo, she gained an arts degree and subsequently served as a lecturer in Arabic and Islamic studies in the Istituto di studi orientali, Universita di Roma. Her writings include An-Nabigah al-Ga'di e Ie sue poesie (1934), and Le poesie di an-Nabigah al-Ga'di (1953). She died 8 October 1974. Studie in memoria di Maria Nallino ne110. anniversario della morte was published in 1986. Gastaldi; Index Islamicus (3); Oriente modemo 54 (1974), pp. 560-63 Nametak, Alija, born 7 March 1906 at Mostar, Bosnia-Herzegovina, he was a writer on Serbian and Croatian folk-songs. His writings include Bajram tneve (Zagreb, 1931), Dobri bosnjani (Zagreb, 1937), Junacke narodne pjesme bosanshercegovackich muslimana (1967), and Ramazanske price (1967). He died in Sarajevo in 1987. HNatskileksikon (1996-97); LC Nametak, Hadzl Abdurahman, born 7 October 1908, his writings include Izbor hrvatske muslimanske pripoviedke (1943), and Musa Cazim Cati6 (1965). He died 11 October 1982. Anali Gazi Husrev-Begove Bibliotke 11/12 (1985), pp. 331-333

Namtk Kemal, Mehmed, born in 1840 at Tekirdag, he spent his youth at Kars, was educated at Sofia, and came to Constantinople in 1857. Since 1863 he was employed in the translation office of the Porte (Tercurnen Odasi.) He became befriended with Ibrahim ~inasi and began to contribute to his newspaper. In 1865 he was one of the founders of Yeni OsmanlJlar Cemiyeti. In 1867 he fled first to Paris and the following year to London, publishing, together with Ziya Pasa, the newspaper Hilrriyet. After his return to Turkey in 1870, he was soon exiled, in 1873 to Cyprus, and in 1876 to Lesbos. In his final years he served as governor of Lesbos, Rhodes, and Chios (Sakiz Adasi), where he died in 1888.

AnaBrit; DcOrL vol. 3, pp. 131-132; EIS; E12; Master (2); Meydan; Zurcher

Namitokova, Zul'fiia Aisovna, born 30 July 1927 at Moscow, she graduated in 1950 from the Faculty of Philology Moscow, and received her first degree in 1981 for Cmenoenenue >KaHpa opaMbl a apa6cKou numepamype XIX aeKa. Since 1966 she was affiliated with the Institute of World Literature. Miliband2

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Nancy, Michel Paul, born 20th cent., he received a doctorat de seme cycle in 1979 at Aix-en-Provence for Le Remodelage de I'espace rural en Algerie. He was joint author of Les villages socialistes de la revolution agraire algerienne, 1972-1982 (1984). In 1993 he was affiliated with the Institut de Recherches et d'Etudes sur Ie Monde Arabes et Musulman, Aix-en-Provence. EURAMES, 1993; LC;

THESAM,2

Nanji, Azim Akbar Ali, born 14 July 1945 at Nairobi, Kenya, he studied from 1964 to 1967 at Makerere University, took an M.A. in 1969 at McGill University, as well as a Ph.D. in 1972 for The Nizari lsmei'lti tradition in Hind and Sind. He was a sometime professor at Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., and since 1973 taught at the University of Florida, Gainesville. He was later affiliated with Oklahoma State University. His writings include The Nizari Isma'ili tradition in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent (1978), a revison of his Ph.D. thesis. DrAS, 1978 P; Ferahian; LC Nantet, Jacques Leon Charles D. G., born 29 April 1910 at Paris, he was educated at Ecole libre des sciences politiques and gained a doctorate in law. He was a historian, essayist and literary critic, specializing in the Middle East. His writings include Bataille pour la faiblesse (1948), Les Juifs et les nations (1956), Histoire du Liban (1963), its translation, Historia del Libano (1965), and Pierre Gemayel (1986). He died 5 June 1993. WhoFr, 1979/80-1992/93 Naor, Menahem, fl. 1929, he wrote Neues Lehrbuch der nebreiscnen Sprache (Jerusalem, 1935), and Hebrew language and grammar (Jerusalem, 1942). NUC, pre-1956 Napier, Edward Delaval Hungerford Elers, afterwards Elers-Napier, born in 1808, he was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He served in India, 1830 to 1833, and in Syria and Egypt, 1841, retiring with the rank of lieutenant-general in 1842. His writings include Excursions along the shores of the Mediterranean (1842), and Reminiscences of Syria and fragments of a journal and letters from the Holy Land (1843). Boase; Britlnd (1); DNB Napier, George Campbell, born in 1845, he arrived in India on 14 December 1861. Since July 1867 he served in the Punjab as assistant commander. He was dispatched on special duty in Persia, 1874, travelling in 1874 and 1877 to the eastern Elbrus and northern Khorasan, and in 1881 to Kandahar. He retired in 1887 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. His writings include Gollection of journals and reports received from G. G. Napier on special duty in Persia, 1874 (London, H.M.S.O., 1875). He died in 1914. Henze; IndianBiind (1); Who was who 1 Napier, George Samuel Frederick, born in 1862 at Alderley Edge, Cheshire, he was educated at Rugby and in 1884 joined the Army. He served in the1884-85 Nile campaign and subsequently two years in India, followed by the1900-1902 China campaign. In the Great War he was with Headquarters of the Armies of the Caucasus and military attache at the Tehran Legation. Who was who in Sussex, 1935 Naraghi (Naraqt), Ehsan (lhsan), born in 1926 at Kashan, Iran, he received a doctorate in 1956 at Paris for Les Methodes o'etuaes de la population dans les pays a statistiques tncomptetes ou oepourvus de statistiques, notamment en Iran. He was a founder of the Institute of Social Studies and Research in Tehran University. He subsequently lived and worked in Paris, where he was an adviser to Unesco. His writings include L'Orient et la crise de I'Occident (1977), Des Palais du chah aux prisons de la revolution (1991), and Enseignement et changements sociaux en Iran du Vile au XXe siecte (1992). Iran who's who, 1974; Note Naranzi, G., born 19th cent., he wrote Rapport sur I'epidemie de Hinate dans I'Irak-Arabi, en 1867 (Constantinople, 1868). BN Narbeshuber, Karl, Dr.med., born 19th cent., his writings include Aus dem Leben der arabischen Bevolkerung in Sfax (Leipzig, 1907). NUC, pre-1956 N~rdi, Francesco, born 15 June 1808 at Vazzola (Venezia), he studied at the seminary in Ceneda, gained a doctorate, and became a professor of canon law at Padova, where he also served as rettore. His writings include Le Ghristianisme, cause premiere de la civilisation moderne (1851), and Ricordi di un viaggio in Oriente (1866). He died in Roma on 22 March 1877. IndBiltal (1) ~ardin, Jean Claude, fl. 1962-70, he wrote La Mise en valeur de l'i1e de Tabago, 1763-1793 (Paris, Ecole des Chartes, 1962). NUC, 1956-67

Narducci, Enrico, born 23 November 1832 at Roma, he was educated at the Collegio di Roma, and became an elementary school teacher and librarian. His writings include Gatalogo codici Petrarcheschi delle Biblioteche Barberina ... e Vaticana (1874), and Gatalogus codicum manuscriptorum, praeter graecos et orientales, in Bibliotheca Angelica (1892). He died in 1893. DizRN; Gubernatis 1; IndBiltal (2)

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Narducci, Guglielmo, born 16 September 1885 or 86 at Roma, he was a colonial administrator in Cyrenaica, who in 1925 founded the journal La Cirenaica in Benghazi. His writings include La colonizzazione della Cirenaica nell'antichita e nel presente (Bengazi, 1934), Superstizione libiche (Tripoli, 1938), and Storia della colonizzazione della Cirenaica (Milano, 1942). Chi e, 1948; Rovito Nariman, Gushtaspshah Kaikhusro, born in 1873, he was the editor of the Iran League bulletin, from its inception in 1928 to 1930. His writings include Paris and Parsis (Bombay, 1925). He died in 1933. NUC, pre-1956

Narsy, Raoul, born in 1860, he wa affiliated with the Cornite catholique de propagande francaise a l'etranqer, His writings include La France audessus de tout (Paris, 1915), La Presse et la guerre (Paris, 1915), and Le Supplice de Louvain; faits et documents (Paris, 1915). NUC, pre-1956 Nasarianz, Stepan, 1812-1879 see Nazar'iants, Stepanos Isaevich Nash, John William, born 21 July 1896 at Lowell, Wise., he received a Ph.D. in 1922 from the University of Wisconsin for British policy in the Near East. He was from 1922 to his retirement in 1967 a professor of history at variety of American colleges and universities. DrAS, 1969 H Nash, Manning, born 4 May 1924 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was a graduate of the local Temple University and received a Ph.D. in 1955 from the University of Chicago for Cantel, the industrialization of a Guatemalan Indian community, a work which was published in 1958 entitled Machine age at Maya. He was successively a professor of anthropology at the University of Washington, Seattle, and the University of Chicago. His other writings include The golden road to modernity (1965), and Primitive and peasant economic systems (1966). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 17-20; WhoAm, 1974-1990; WhoME, 1994/1995 Nashat-Mirdamad, Guity, born 28 July 1937, she received a Ph.D. in 1973 from the University of Chicago for The beginnings of modernizing reform in Iran, a work which was published in 1981 entitled The origins of modern reform in Iran. She was a sometime professor of history in the University of Chicago. She edited Middle Eastern history (1987). LC; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990 Nasilov, Dmitrii Mikhailovich, born 18 March 1935 at Zaraisk, Russia, he received his first degree in 1963 for Cmpysmyos epeuenu uHouKamuaa a opeaHeyiJaypcKoM fl3blKe. His publication gained him a doctorate in 1990 and a professorship in 1992. From 1963 to 1989 he was affiliated with the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include ,apeaHemJOpKcKuU cnoeep» (1969), and np06neMbi mJOpKcKoU ecnekmonoeuu (1989). Miliband; Miliband2 Nasilov, Vladimir Mikhailovich, born in 1893 in Russia, he studied Oriental languages and became a professor in 1940. His writings include rpaMMamuKa yuaypcKoao fl3blKa (1940), ,apeaHeyuaypcKuu fl3blK (1963), f/3b1K mJOpKcKuX nevsmnuxoe yuaypcK. ttucsve XI-XVaa. (1974), and he was joint author of YuaypcKo-pyccKuiJcnoeeps (1939). He died 20 May 1970. Miliband; Miliband2 Nasir, Jamal Jamil, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1955 from SOAS for his thesis, The doctrine of kafa'a according to the early Islamic authorities and modern practice. He was a barrister from Lincoln's Inn, a member of the Jordanian and other Arab bars, and of the Federal Supreme Court of Nigeria. He practised in many Arab states, and was a sometime minister of justice in Jordan, and acting foreign minister. His writings include The Islamic law of personal status (1986), and The status of women under Islamic law and under modern Islamic legislation (1990). LC; Sluglett Nasir, Sari Jamil, born 20th cent., at Jerusalem, he received a Ph.D. in 1962 from the University of Illinois, Urbana, with a thesis entitled The image of the Arab in American popular culture. He was an assistant professor at S.U.N.Y., before a was appointed in 1965 a professor of sociology at the University of Jordan. Selim; WhoArab,2001-2003/2004 Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, born in 1933 at Tehran, he completed his secondary education in America, graduated from M.I.T. in 1954 and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Harvard for Conceptions of nature in Islamic thought during the 4th century (A.H.) In thew same year he returned to Tehran University as a professor of history of science and philosophy. Depending on the point of view, he was a passionate, or a narrow-minded, conservative Muslim. In 1974 he became the first director of the Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy. His writings include Islam and the plight of modern man (1976), and Essais sur Ie sufisme (1980). ConAu 21-24, new rev. 10; Master (2); BioB134; NatFacDr, 1995; Note; Selim; WhoWor, 1974/75; WrDr, 1976/78-1994/96

Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, born 20 December 1960 at Tehran, he studied at Tufts University, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, M.I.T., and received a Ph.D. in 1991. He was from 1995 to 2002 a professor in the Department of Political Science, the University of San Diego. His writings include

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Shi'ism (1988), Vanguard of the Islamic revolution, the Jama'at-i Islami of Pakistan (1994), and Maududi and the making of Islamic revivalism (1996). MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2002; Private

Nasrallah, Joseph, Mgr., born 10 October 1911 at Nabek (al-Nabq), Ottoman Syria, he studied at the Seminaire Sainte-Anne, Jerusalem, under the Peres Blancs, and was ordained in 1934. After serving six years as director of the Episcopal College, Yabrud, he moved on to Damascus to become chaplain of the Cercle de la Jeunesse catholique and professor at the College patriarcal. In the service of the Institut Francais he began to edit the union catalogue of manuscripts in Lebanese convents and bishoprics. For this purpose he settled at the Grand Seminaire des Peres Paulistes in Harissa where he also gave a few weekly lectures. From his researches evolved the idea of his doctoral thesis on the Melkites, for the purpose of which he spent the year 1947 to 1948 at the Sorbonne. From 1950 to his retirement in 1990 he held the post of recteur, and later cure of Saint-Julien-Ie-Pauvre, Paris; of the Parisian Greek Melkite Catholic community. His writings include Catalogue des manuscrits du Liban (1960). He died in Damascus, 19 November 1993. Syria 72 (1995), pp. 267-269; WhoArab,1981/82; WhoFr, 1965/66-1979/80

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, born 16 January 1918 at Asyut, Egypt, president of the United Arab Republic. He was an Egyptian army officer who came to power after leading a military coup against King Farouk, and was a figure of outstanding importance in the immediate post-colonial era in the Midle East. He wrote The Philosophy of the revolution (1959). He died of a heart attack, 28 September 1970. CurBio, 1954,1970; EEE; EncAm; Goldschmidt; Master (7); ObitT, 1961-1970, pp. 576-577; Reich; WhAm,5; Who,6; WhoArab, 1967/68

Nasturel, Petre $., fl. 1949, he was affiliated with C.N.R.S. and the Universite de Paris. His writings include Le Mont Athos et les Roumains; recherches sur leurs relations du milieu du XIVe siecle a 1654 (Roma, 1986). LC Natorf, Halina,fl. 1956, she translated from the Arabic of Ibn Batutah, Osobliwosci miast i dziwy podr6ty, 1325-1354 (Warszawa, 1962). Natvig, Richard, born 20th cent., he was in 1991 a lecturer in the Department of History of Religions, University of Bergen, a post which he still held in 1993. EURAMES,1993; BSMES Directory of members, 1991 Nau, Abbe Francois Nicolas, born in 1864, he wrote crotses Henry et Godefroy du chateau de Ascha (1900), Nestorius d'epres les sources orientales (1911), and Les Arabes et Cnreiiens de Mesopotamie et de Syrie du Vile-Ville siecte (1933). He died in 1931. LC; NUC, pre-1956 Nau de Champlouis, A. V., fl. 1865. He wrote Notice sur la carte de l'Afrique sous la domination des Romains (Paris, 1864). LC Naud, Albert, born 18 May 1904 at Graves (Charente), he was educated at Ecole normale d'AngouIerne and the facultes des lettres at Bordeaux and Paris as well as the Faculte de droit de Paris. He was a union executive, journalist and lawyer. His writings include La Societe des Nations (1933), and Pourquoije n'ai pas detenou Pierre Laval (Paris, 1948). He died in 1977. WhoFr, 1965/66-1975/76 Naude, Jacobus A., born 20th cent., he was in 1971 a professor of Semitic languages, and head of the Centre for Islamic Studies, Auckland Park, South Africa, a post which he still held in 1993. His writings include the pamphlet, Islam in Africa (1978). DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES, 1993; LC

Naumann, Edmund, born in 1854 at Mei~en, Saxony, he studied palaeontology and geology at Dresden and MOnchen. After his doctorate he was employed at the Bavarian geognostic bureau until invited to teach his subject at the University of Tokyo with the rank of professor. After his return to Germany, he taught since 1899 at the Universitat MOnchen. His writings include Vom Goldenen Horn zu den Quellen des Euphrat; Reisebriefe und Studien Ober die asiatische TOrkei und die anatoliscche Bahn (1893), and Mazedonia und seine neue Eisenbahn; ein Reisebericht (1894). He died in 1927. DtBE; DtBilnd (3); Henze; NDB

Naumann, Rudolf, Dr.lng., born 18 July 1910 at Berlin, he was affiliated with Deutsches Archaologisches Institut, Istanbul, from 1937 to 1945, and he was since 1948 a professor of history of architecture at Technische Hochschule, Hannover. His writings include Architektur Kleinasiens von ihren Anfangen bis zum Ende der hethitischen Zeit (1955), and Die Ruinen von Tacht-e Suleiman und Zendan-e Suleiman und Umgebung (1977). KOrschner, 1950-19541 Naumann zu Konigsbrlick, Clas M., born 26 June 1939 at Dresden, he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1970 and subsequently served for two years as a lecturer in zoology and director of the museum for zoology at Kabul. After his Dr.habil. in 1977, he was successively a professor at Bielefeld and Bonn. He was joint author of Die Kirgisen des afghanischen Pamir (Graz, 1978). KOrschner, 1980-2003

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Naumkin, Vitalii Viacheslavovich, born 21 May 1945 at Sverdlovsk, he graduated in 1968 from the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, received his first degree in 1972 for YlfeHue ensFesenu, and his doctorate in 1980 for Ha~uoHanbHbliJ cjJpoHm a 60pb6e sa neseeucuuocme /O>KHOaO tlJeMeHa u neuuoeenu-yio oeMoKpamulO. He was a professor at Moscow University until 1984, when he moved to the Institute of Oriental Studies in the Russian Academy of Science, where he was in 1994 a deputy director. He was joint author of OlfepKu no smnonuneeucmuxe cosomou (1981), Hepoae» ,aeMoKpamulfecKaR Pecnytinuxe tlJeMeH (1982), and COKompuiJ~bl; uomopuso-emnoepecjJulfecKuiJ oueo« (1988). DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES,1993; Miliband2 ; Note Naumov, Evgenii Pavlovich, born in 1932, he was a senior researcher at the Institute of Slavic and Balkan studies in the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include iocnoocmylOU(uiJ mecc u eocyoepcmeennee enecms a Cep6uu XIII-XV ee. (1975), he edited /lfcmolfHuKu U ucmopuoepedxm cneesncxoeo cpeoueeeuoes» (1967), and he was joint editor of Cneenne u eocmounue pOMaH~bl a snoxv paHHHao cpeoHeaeKosbR (1985). lC de Naurois, Edouard, born 19th cent., he wrote Realites tunisiennes et algeriennes (1908), and Les Classes dirigeants (1910). BN; NUC, pre-1956 de Naurois, Rene Paulin Jacobe, born 25 November 1906 at Paris, he studied at the Facultes des sciences et lettres et Institut catholique de Toulouse and Institut francais de Berlin. Ordained priest in 1936, he was from 1937 t01939 a chaplain of the French community in Berlin. Since 1947 he was a lecturer at the Faculte de theoloqie, Institut catholique de Toulouse. He was an ornithologist whose writings include Peuplement et cycles de reproduction des oiseaux de la cote occidentale d'Afrique (1969). IndexBF~ (1); WhoFr, 1965/66-1987/881

Naurozji Faridunji, fl. 1838, he wrote On the civil administration of the Bombay Presidency (London, 1874), and The Personal bearing of Europeans in India towards the natives; a paper (London, 1874). BlC; NUC, pre-1956

Naus, Henri Jules Edgard, born in 1875 at Hasselt (Limburg), he was certainly from 1916 to 1928 a directeur general of the Societe des sucreries et de la raffineries d'Egypte, and a member of the Societe sultanieh d'economle politique, de statistique et de legislation. He edited Recueil des discours prononces a la Federation egyptienne des industries (Le Caire, 1939). He died in Bruxelles in 1938. Dawson; Egyptology

Nava, Santi, born 7 November 1893 at Reggio Calabria, he gained a doctorate in law and social sciences and served successively as a professor of law and consular law at Siena and Firenze. His writings include li menaeto francese in Siria dalle sue origine al1929 (1930), Elementi di dommatica della colonizzazione (1937), " regime degli Stretti turchi dopo la guerra (1937), " governo coloniale (1938), La questione del Hatay (1939), La spartizione del Marocco (1940), and Sistema della diplomazia (1950). cu « 1948, 1957, 1961; Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958 Navabpour, A. Reza, born 20th cent., he was educated in Iran and received his M.A. in 1969 from the University of Tehran and his Ph.D. from Durham University, where he lectured for some time at the School of Oriental Studies. He was the author of several short stories in Persian, and a number of articles in English. In 1988 he published Iran in the series, World bibliographical service. He died suddenly towards the end of 1995. At the time of his death, he was working for the BBC Persian Service, and writing a book on the social aspects of twentieth-century intellectual fiction in Iran. BJMES

23 (1996), p. 69

Naval y Ayerve, Francisco, born in 1858 at Olvena (Huesca), he was a clergyman and archaeologist, who founded the Museo de Ciencias Naturales y de Arqueologra in Cervera. His writings include Elementos de arqueolog/a (1903), Theologiae esceticee et mysticae cursus (1919), and Curso breve de arqueolog/a y bellas aries (1922). EncicUni Navarro Palaz6n, Julio, born 20th cent., he received a degree in ancient history and archaeology, specializing in Islamic archaeology. He was certainly from 1992 to 1997 a director of the Centro de Estudios Arabes y Arqueol6gicos "Ibn Arabi," Murcia. His writings include La ceremice esgrafiada andalusi de Murcia (1986), Una casa is/arnica en Murcia (1991), and he edited Casas y palacios de alAndalus (1995). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; EURAMES, 1993 Navarro y Rodrigo, Carlos, born 24 September 1833 at Alicante, he wrote O'Donnell y su tiempo (1869), and Un per/odo de oposici6n (1886). He died in 1903. IndiceE3 (12) Navascues y de Juan, Joaquin Marra, born 17 February 1900 at Zaragoza, he studied at Zaragoza and gained a doctorate in philosophy. He was an epigrapher, archaeologist and numimatist. He was affiliated with the Instituto "Antonio de Nebrija" de Filologra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Cientrficas, Madrid. His writings include Gufa de Tarragona (1932), and La era "...as" (1951).

IndiceE3

(3); WhoSpain, 1963

de Navascues y de Palacio, Pedro Jose, born in 1942, he wrote Arquitectura y arquitectos mednienos del siglo XIX (1973), and he was joint author of Catedrales de Espana (1983), La Casa de Ayuntamiento de Madrid (1985), Monasterios de Espana (1991-1992), and he was joint editor of Medievalismoy neomedievalismoen la arquitectura espanola (1990). LC

Naville, Henri Edouard, born 14 June 1844 at Geneve, he was a professor of Egyptology at Geneve, and one of the founders of the Egypt Exploration Fund. His writings include La Religion des anciens Egyptiens (1906). He died in 1926. Curinier; Dawson; Egyptology; SchZLex; Vapereau; Who was who 2 Navoni, J. B., born 18th cent., he was Venetian interpreter in Constantinople and contributed to Hammer-Purgstall's Fundgruben des Orients. His trace is lost after an article in 1814. FOck, p. 162 Navrotskii, Mikhail Timofeevich, born in 1823 or 1825 to a military family, he attended from 1835 to 1842 the first Kazan Gymnasium, where teaching was partially done in Oriental languages. He subsequently studied at the local University under Kazem Bek (1802-1870) and I. P. Shukov. Since 1847 a successor to Shukov as a teacher of Arabic at the University, he was appointed a teacher at his old Gymnasium. He was later posted to St. Petersburg as a teacher of Arabic, but displayed little new initiatives in teaching methods. After the retirement of Muhammad Ayyad al-Tantawl (1810-1861), he was appointed acting assistant professor. Offended for not having been granted an honorary doctorate by the University in recognition of his 1867 Arabic grammar, Onum apaMMamuKu apa6cKaao R3blKa, he increasingly kept to himself, and abandoned further research in the field of Arabic. He died in 1871. EnSlovar; Krachkovskii, pp. 127-129

Nazarbek, Avetis, born 19th cent., he wrote Banastelcouthounner(St. Petersburq, 1890), and Through the storm; pictures of life in Armenia, translated by Mrs. L. M. Elton (London, 1899). NUC, pre-1956; aSK Nazarianz (Nasarlanz/l-laaapsaau'Haaapaa), Stepanos Isaevich, born in 1912 at Tiflis, he studied at Dorpat and became a professor of Arabic and Persian at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Languages. He died in 1879. EnSlovar; GSE; ManficoaemCKafl3HLJ,WKoy 5yxapol1 u Atpeenucmenon (1963), HapooHble u npocaemumenbcKo-aHmuepeooanbHble OaU>KeHUR a AepaaHucmaHe (1976), and Couuensuue OaU>KeHUR 20-X eoooe XX eese a AepaaHucmaHe (1989). Miliband 2

Nazarov, Vladimir Dmitrievich, born 20th cent., he was joint author of Hoeoe a uccnenoeenuu ucmopuu neiuea POOUHbl (1978), and he was joint editor of AKmbl MOCKoaCKUX MOHacmblpel1 u

cotioooe,

1509-1609

ea (1984).

LC

Nazif (Naziff/Nazifoff), Nathaniel, born 25 May 1889 at Philippopolis (Plovdiv), Bulgaria, he was a Muslim barber until 1909, when he started to work for Rev. J. Awetaranian in his printing office, where he learned type-setting. In 1914 he was baptized by immersion in the River Maritsa. In the same year he entered the missionary school of Samokov, but the outbreak of the first World War put an early end to his studies. Eventually he became an evangelist among the Turks of Ruse (Rustchuk), where, in 1932, he was still preaching regularly every Sunday in the Baptist Church. He died after 1933. MW 22 (1932), pp. 287-290

Neander, Irene, born 2 October 1906 at Moscow, she studied modern languages and education at Jena, Berlin, Bonn and Heidelberg and received her Dr.phil. in 1931 at Jena for Christoph Friedrich Neander; ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Aufklarung in Kurland. She was a teacher at Riga, Posen and Potsdam. From 1945 to her retirement in 1971 she was affiliated with the Universitat TObingen. Her writings include Grundzuge der russischen Geschichte (1970). Baltisch (1)

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Nebbia, Giorgio, born 23 April 1926 at Bologna, he received a doctorate in medicine in 1949 from the Unlverslta di Bari, where he became a professor of natural resources, specializing in ecology and solar energy. In 1983 he was elected to the Italian Parliament. His writings include /I problema dell'acqua e /a transformazione delle acqua sa/mastre in acqua dolce (1965), Man and his environment (1971), and Lo sviluppo sostenibile (1991). Chi e, 1961; WholtaIY,1986-1988; WhoWor, 1980/81 Nebez, Jemal(eddin), born 1 December 1933 at SulaymanTyah in Iraqi Kurdistan, he received a conservative Muslim education and was equally exposed to the languages of the region, Arabic, Kurdish, Persian, and Turkish, gaining an ijazah degree, before moving to Baghdad in 1950 to study physics, mathematics and education. After gaining a science degree in 1955, he became a science teacher at secondary schools at Kirkuk, Irbil, Basrah and Baghdad. In 1962 he went to study Oriental languages, political science and philosophy at Geneve, MOnchen, WOrzburg and Hamburg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1970 for Der kurdische FOrst Mlr Muhammad-i Rawandizl, genannt Mlr Kore. He subsequently served in various capacities as an academic staff member at the Freie Universitat Berlin. BioB134; KOrschner, 1980-2003

Nebol'sin, Pavel Ivanovich, born in 1817 he was an ethnographer whose writings include OlfepKu 6blma KanMblKOB xomoymoeceeeo ynyca (1852), and OlfepKu aOn>KCKaaO HU30BbR (1852). He died in 1893. BashkKE; EnSlovar Neck, Rudolf, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1949 from the Universltat Wien for Osterreichs TOrkenpolitik unter Me/chior Kh/es/. He edited Arbeiterschaft und Staat im ersten Weltkrieg (1964), and Omnia quae extant, of Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq (1968). LC Ned Noll, born 19th cent., he wrote Annuaire de l'Armee c%nia/e (Limoge, 1895), Etude sur la tactique de ravitaillement dans /es guerres coloniales (Paris, 1895), and Histoire de l'Armee colonia/e (Paris, 1896). His trace is lost after an article in 1902. BN Nedelchev, Kiril D., fl. 1968, he wrote BbHwHama rmaeoeus Ha 5bnaapuR 1920-1936 (Sofia, 1937), and Ilepuunoeo obno e» 5bnaapuR 1879-1940 (Sofia, 1940). LC Nederburgh, Isak Alexander, born in 1861, he received a doctorate in 1882 at Leiden for Het staatsdomein op Java. His writings include In/eiding tot de studie van het /ndisch privaatrecht (1899), and Hoofdstukken over adatrecht (1933). NUC, pre-1956 Nedkov, Boris Khristov, born 18 September 1910 at the village of Varbovka, Bulgaria, he graduated from the Turkish lyceum, Shumen. He gained a diploma at the Universitat Berlin, and a Dr.phil. in 1942 at Leipzig for Die Gizya (Kopfsteuer) im Osmanischen Reich. He went for further study under Jean Deny to Paris. He subsequently joined the Oriental Section of the National Library, Sofia, where he served for twenty years. In 1961 he became a lecturer at Sofia University, and in 1970 he was appointed a professor. He was a specialist in Ottoman diplomatics and palaeography. His writings include Bu/garca-tOrkge sozlck (1964), and he edited 5bnaapuR u cuceouume u 3eMU noee XII BeK cnopeo 'Tecepeipunme" Ha Mopucu (1960). He died in 1975. Turcica 8 (1976), pp. 7-8 Nedospasova, Mariia Evgen'evna, born 28 April 1929 at Tiflis, she graduated in 1952 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis, where she also received her first degree in 1964 for Bonpocu peseumun cOBpeMeHHOa apa6cKOa mepuunonoeuu. She was since 1960 affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Georgian Academy of Science; in 1969 she was appointed a lecturer. Miliband2 Needham, Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery, born in 1900, he was a biochemist, historian of science and Orientalist, and Sir William Dunn Reader in biochemistry in Cambridge University. He was granted numerous honorary doctorates. His writings include History is on our side (1946), and Within the four seas (1969). He died in Cambridge, 24 March 1995. MagyarNKK,1992; Who, 1959-95 Neele, Henry, born in 1798 at London, he studied law and subsequently practised with much reputation and success. Intense application to study is supposed to have been the cause of the insanity during which he took his own life on 7 February 1828. His writings include Odes, and other poems (1817), The Romance of history (1828), and Lectures on English poetry (1828). BbD; Britlnd (5); DNB; Master (7) Nefed'ev, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, born in 1800, he wrote nOOp06HblR ceoei» 0 BOn>KCKmX KanMblKax, c06paHHblR ne Mecme (St. Petersburg, 1834), and B3anRo Ha ApMRHCKyJO o6nacm; U3 nymeeux 3anUCOK H. HecjJeobBa (St. Petersburg, 1839). LC von Negelein, G. Julius, born 17 October 1872 at Konigsberg, he studied Oriental languages at a number of universities and received his Dr.phil. in 1897 from the Universitat Konigsberg for Das Verba/system des Atharveda. After war-time service he became a professor of Sanskrit at Erlangen.

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His writings include Das Pferd im araischen Altertum (1903), and Weltanschauung des indogermanischen Asiens (1924). He died in 1932. KOrschner, 1925-1931; Stache-Rosen, pp.178-1797; Werist's, 1928 Negmatov, Numan Negmatovich, born 5 March 1927 at Khodzhent, Tajikistan, he graduated from the local Pedagogical Institute and received his first degree in 1953 totvcmpyiuene a VII-X ee., and his doctorate in 1968 for XOO)l(eHm u vcmpyiuene a opeenocmu u cpeoneeexoese. He was since 1956 affiliated with Tajik State University. His writings include A6yanu U6H CUHO u eeo snoxe (1980), he was joint author of A6y MaxMyo Xyo)l(aHnu (1986), and he edited MyxaMMao U6H Myca en-xopeeuu; >KU3Hb u meopuecmeo (1983), and nccneooeena« po ucmopuu u Kynbmype fleHuHa6aoa (1986). Miliband2 ; Schoeberlein

Negre-Fumaroli, Arlette, born about 1940, she received a doctorat de seme cycle in 1975 from the Universlte de Paris for «Kitab duwal aI-Islam» d'al-Dahabi; les dynasties de /'islam, a work which was published in 1979. She was a sometime curator of coins at the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, and affiliated with the Institut francais de Damas.. MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; THESAM,4 Negri, Cristoforo, born 18 February 1809 at Milano, he was a political economist, a founder and president of the Societa Geografica Italiana, rector of the Universita di Torino, and from 1873-1874 consul-general at Hamburg. His writings include Della potenza proporzionale degli stati Europei sui mari e sulle colonie (1840), and La grandezza italiana (1864). He died in Firenze in 1896. IndBiltal (4) Negri, Giovanni, born 22 August 1877 at Calcio (Bergama), he studied natural sciences and medicine. After serving one year as a professor at Cagliari, he was in 1925 appointed a professor of botany at Firenze. Chi e, 1931-1957; Vaccaro Negri, Salomon (Sulayman ibn YaqOb), he was born about 1665 at Damascus, where he was educated at the Jesuit mission school. Sent to study at Clermont, he fell out with the Jesuits and went to Paris, where he eked out his living teaching Arabic. After the Treaty of Rijswijk (1697), he first went to London and in 1701 to the Collegium Orientale Theologicum, Halle, where he taught Johann D. Michaelis' father Arabic. A restless wander, he tried his fortune at Venezia, Constantinople, Roma and again Halle, before finally going to London, where he died about 1729. His writings include Arabum philosophia popularis, sive sylloge nova proverbiorum, edidit cum adnotationibus nonnullis Joannes Christianus Kallius (Hafniae, 1764), and Memoria Negriana, hoc est, Salomonis Negri Damasceni vita (1764). FOck,pp. 96-97; Krachkovskii; Master (1); NUC, pre-1956 Negria, Liudmila Viktorovna, born 20th cent., she was an Arabist whose writings include

HblU cmpoii Ceeepnoit u l../eHmpanbHou-Apaauu a V-VI/aa. (1981). Note

06~ecmaeH­

Neher-Bernheim, Renee Rina, born 4 April 1922 at Paris, she was since 1968 affiliated with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She retired with the rank of senior lecturer in Jewish history. Her writings include Le Judarsme dans Ie monde romain (1959), and Feu vert a Israel; l'epoque decisive de la declaration Balfour (1983). NDBA; Wholsrael, 1992/93-2001; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978 Nehlil, Mohammad, born 19th cent., he was an officier-interprete successively with the Service des Affaires indigenes d'Alqerie and the Bureau des renseignements de Bou-Denib (Morocco). He was later affiliated with the Ecole superieure de langue arabe et des dialectes berberes de Rabat. His writings include Etude sur Ie dialecte de Ghat (1909), and he edited Lettres cberltiennes (1915). Note Nehru, Jawaharlal, born in 1889 at Allahabad, he was the first prime minister of independent India and one of Gandhi's chief lieutenants in the fight for independence. He died in New Delhi in 1964. CurBio, 1948, 1964; DNB; EEE; Eminent; EncAm; IndianBilnd (24); WhAm 4; Wholndia, 1936; Who was who 6

Neilson, Francis, born 26 January 1867 at Birkenhead, Cheshire, he was a writer, pacifist and social reformer. In journalism, literature, drama and music he was a professional with a high order of competence. As a critic he was ever in the thick of things. Beginning with the Boer War, he exposed the machinations of the imperialists whenever he could. As a member of Parliament he fought the trend of the times toward war and conquest. In print and correspondence he protested the brutality of man against man. He tried to enlighten men's mind by laying before them facts and logical arguments about the dangers they might face. As a people's representative in Parliament before the first World War, he came to be regarded as a cultural leader, devoid of personal ambition for place and power. He wrote How diplomats make war (1915), The march of Christendom (1939), In quest of justice (1944), and My life in two worlds (1952-53). He died in his sleep the evening of 12 April 1961. American

journal of economics and sociology 20 (July 1961), pp. 337-340; Bioln 3, 5, 6; Master (5); WhAm 4; Who was who 6

Freiherr von Neimans, Richard, born 28 April 1832 at Speyer, Palatinate, he studied law at Heidelberg and Worzburg and gained a doctorate. He subsequently entered the service of a Bavarian nobleman and concurrently studied Oriental languages, particularly Arabic. In the autumn of 1856 he reached

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Cairo to prepare for a journey to Darfur and Wadai. In the spring of 1857 he travelled to Jiddah to obtain a recommendation of the Sharif of Mecca. Being unduly kept waiting, he went in December to Constantinople, where he reveived what he needed. Back at Cairo, he had the promising opportunity to join an embassy departing on 16 March 1858, when he died the day before of tetanus after a tooth operation. ADtB, vol. 23, pp. 407-8, vol. 24, p. 787; Embacher

Neimatova, Meshedi-khanum Saadulla kyzy, born 5 January 1924 at Zabrat, Azerbaijan, she graduated in 1948 from Azerbaijan State University and received her first degree in 1954 for a thesis entitled «K Vl3Y4eHVltO VlCTOpVlVl WVlpBaHa XIV-XVI BB,» and her doctorate in 1968 for 3nuapaepulfecKue neunmnueu U ux 3HalfeHue a u3YlfeHuu cou,uanbHo-3KoHoMulfecKo{} ucmopuu A3ep6a{}o>KaHa XIV-XIX aa. In 1963 she published a monography on Azerbaijan epigraphy in Azeri. Miliband; Miliband2 Nekliudov, Sergei IUr'evich, born 31 March 1941, he graduated in 1965 from the Faculty of Philology, Moscow State University and received his first degree in 1973 for a thesis entitled «3nVl4ecKVle TpaAVI~VIVI HaponoB ~eHTpanbHo~ A3V1V1 VI np06neMa nViTepaTypHbl KOHTaKTOB BocToKa VI 3anaAa B cpeauae sexa,» and his doctorate in 1985 for 3nulfecKue moeouuuu a MOHaonCKO{} «neccineceoa numepamype. Since 1969 he was affiliated with the Institute of World Literature, Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include MOHaonbcKue CKa3aHUFI 0 recepe (1982), its translation, Mongolische Erzahlungen abe: Geser (1985), and repoulfecKu{} snoc MOHaonbCKUX nepoooe (1984), and its translation into Chinese in 1991, he edited MocKoacKo-mapmycKafi ceuuomuuecxe« iuxone; ucmooun (1998), and he was joint editor of Pennue epOPMbl ucsyccmee; C60pHUK cmemeti (1972). Miliband2 ; 5choeberlein Nekora, Leonid Sergeevich, he was a Moscow Arabist whose writings include Cou,uanbHblu pOMaH Bukmope Ftoeo (1932). Krachkovskii Nel, Deryck Eugene, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1965 from the University of South Africa for Die verbreiding van die bevolking in die Transkei-gebiete. On 3 October 1965 he delivered his inaugural lecture at Fort Hare University, South Africa, entitled A plea for a more politicogeographical approach to political geography. The lecture was published in the following year. NUC, 1968-72, 1973-77

Nellis, John R., born in 1938 in the United States, he graduated in 1960 from Syracus (N.Y.) University, where he also received a Ph.D. for An economic theory of developmental ideology; the Tanzanian example. He was since 1968 a professor of political science at Carleton University, Ottawa. His writings include A model of development ideology in Africa (1970), A theory of ideology; the Tanzanian example (1972), and The ethnic composition of leading Kenyan government positions (1974). AmM&W5, 19735,19785 Nelson, Cynthia, born 29 September 1933 at Augusta, Me., she graduated in 1955 from the University of Maine, Orono, and received a Ph.D. in 1963 from the University of California at Berkeley for The waiting village; social change in a Mexican peasant village. From 1963 to 1966 she taught anthropology at A.U.C., where in 1968 she became chairman of the Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Sociology. She wroteThe waiting village; social change in rural Mexico (1971), and she was joint author of Law and social change; problems and challenges in modern Egypt (1979), and the booklet, An exploratory analysis of income-generating strategies in contemporay Egypt (1986). AmM&W5, 19735 Nelson, Howard S., born in 1917, he received a doctorate in 1956 from the Universitat Gottingen for Untersuchung zur biologischen Bekampfung von Hypericum perforatum L. mit Hilfe von Insekten. NUC, 1956-67

Nelson, Robert M., born 20th cent., he edited Corporate development in the Middle East (London, 1978). Nelson, William Shedd, born 25 January 1860 at St. Louis, Mo., he graduated in 1881 from Amherst College and in 1888 from Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, and later received a D.D. In the same year he sailed as a missionary to Syria. In 1904 the Boys' Boarding School, Tripoli, was established and he was assigned to its management. In 1914 he was requested by the American Government to take care of its consular work. In 1917 the Turks took possession of the Mission premises in Horns and ultimately arrested him and removed him first to Adana and then to Constantinople where he was kept as a prisoner until 18 October 1918, when he was released by order of the Grand Vizier, never having been brought to trial. In 1919 he resumed his missionary work, taking up work also under the American Red Cross, until his next furlough. His writings include Silver chimes in Syria glimpses of a missionary's experience He died 24 Januar 1934 and was buried at Tripoli. Missionary review 57 (1934); 5havit

Neltner, Louis, born in 1903, he was a geologist and engineer with the Corps des mines, and at some time affiliated with the Bureau d'etudes geologiques et rntnieres coloniales, Paris. His writings include Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Etudes geologiques dans Ie Sud marocain (1938), and he was joint author of Karakoram; expedition trenceise a I'Hima/aya, 1936 (1938), and its translation, Himalayan assault (1938). Note; NUC, pre-1956

Ne'matov, H., 1941- see Nigmatov, Khamid Guliamovich Nemchenko, Moisei Adol'fovich, born 1897, his writings include Heuuoueneuoe pa3Me>KeaaHUe CpeoHeu A3UU (1925), and ,auHaMuKa mypKMeHcKoao KpecmbflHcKoao X03f1UCmaa (1926). NUC, pre1956

Nemenova, R. L., fl. 1952-63, her writings include Kynfl6cKue eoeoou maO>KeKCKOao fl3blKa (Stalinabad, 1956). NUC, 1956-67 Nemeth, Gyula (Julius), born 2 November 1890 at Karcag, Hungary, he began to learn Turkish as a fourteen year old pupil of the grammar school in Karcag. He studied Turkology at Budapest University, Eotvos College, and the universities of Leipyig, Berlin and Kiel, gaining his doctorate in 1913. From 1915 to his retirement in 1965 he taught his subject at his alma mater. His writings include TOrkische Grammatik (1916), A magyar rovestres (1934), and Attila es Hunjai (1940). He died 14 December 1976. Index Islamicus(8); IntWW, 1974/75-1976/77; Kikicsoda, 1969, 1972; MEL,1981 Nemeth, J6zsef, born 21 June 1866 at Nagymihaly, Hungary, he studied law at Sarospatak and Kassa (Kosfce), In 1887 he entered the Ministry of AgricUlture. His prolific writings on political economy include A balkani euemo« mezogazdasagi termelese es forgalma (1913), A szerbek anthropogeografiai tanulmanyai a Balkanon (1918), and Szerbia egyetemes tetrese (1918). GeistigeUng Nemetz, Walter, born 1 April 1910 at Wiener Neustadt, he was a trained school teacher who received a Dr.phil. in 1933 for Die natOr/ichen Walder des Ostalpenrandes zwischen Donau und Raab. In 1937 he started a lifelong affiliation with the national archives of Austria in the army records section (Kriegsarchiv). During the war, he first served as army archivist and since 1943 as military historiographer at general staff in Berlin. In the course of his duty he lost his right leg in Italy. After the war he returned to Osterreichsisches Staatsarchiv as section head and director of the library. He died in Wien on 18 October 1958 after kidney surgery. Mitteilungen des Osterreichischen Staatsarchivs 11 (1958), PP. 609-612 Nemo, Jean, born 30 June 1934 at Paris, he was a lawyer and economist who studied at Paris and Tananarive, Madagascar. He was from 1958 to 1960 a ssistant to the SUb-prefect of Tamanrasset, Oasis Division, Algeria, and later a European Community administrator at Bruxelles. His writings include Contribution a retuae demographique et sociologique d'une ville du Togo Pa/ime (1958), and he was joint author of L'Experience nlqerlenne de planification permanente (1974). WhoEIO, 1982, 1985; WhoFr, 1991/92-2002

Nemoy, Leon, born 29 December 1901 at Balta, Ukraine, he studied classical and Slavic languages at Odessa. In 1921 he and his father stole across the border into Poland, and two years later he emigrated alone to the United States. Having worked in libraries previously, he found an opening for a Judaica cataloguer at Yale University Library, where he proceeded to serve as curator of Hebrew and Arabic literature and principal rare-book cataloguer until his retirement in 1966. He received a Ph.D. in 1929 from Yale University with a thesis entitled Selected poems from the "Kitab Zahr al-Kimam fi qissat Yusut" by Abu tp./i'Umer ibn Ibrahim aI-Ansari, edited from manuscripts. A biographical sketch is to be found in Studies in Judaica, Karaitica and Islamica presented to Leon Nemoz on his eightieth birthday (1982), pp. 9-11. CnDiAmJBi; DrAS, 1969-1982 F; Master (2); Selim; WhoE, 1993/94; WhoLibS, 1955, 1966 Nemtseva, Nina Borisovna, born 20th cent., she received a degree in 1972 at Tashkent for her thesis, Waxu-3uHoa. Her writings include Waxu3uHoa = Wax-u 3uHoa ( Tashkent, 1963), AHcaM6nb Wax-u 3uHoa; ucmcoueo-eaxumesmyonuti 04epK (1987), and Waxu 3uHoa (1987). LC; NUC, 1973-1977 Nentwich, Max Oswald, born 15 March 1868 at MOnsterberg, Silesia, he studied at Berlin, Geneve and Paris without taking a degree. He was a novelist, playwright, and a lecturer at the Universitat Berlin. His writings include Aft-Heidelberg und das Neckarta/; eine Wanderung (1921). He also contributed articles on culture, art, history, travel, and archaeology to periodicals. KDtLK, 1917-1937/38; Wer lsi's. 1928, 1935

Nepesov, Gaib (Ghoiib) Nepesovich, born in 1907 in Turkmenistan, he received a doctorate in 1950 and became a member of the Turkmen Academy of Science in 1951. His writings include Benukut) OKm06pb u nepoonue peeontouuu 1920 eooe a ceeepnos: a aocm04HOM TypKMeHucmaHe (1958),113 ucmopuu Xope3McKou peeomouuu 1920-1924 (1962), tlououocmeotueeo 6pama (1968), and he was joint author of Metafora cheper diling mokhum serishdesidir (1983). UzbekSE Ner, Marcel, fl. 1941, he wrote Centenaire de Fustel de Coulanges, la cite antique et I'Annam d'autrefois (Hanoi, 1930), and Le Mor du Haut-Donnai (Saigon, 1938). BN; NUC, pre-1956

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Nerazik, Elena Evetokimovna, born 17 November 1927, she received a doctorate for her thesis, censcsoe »unuui» B Xope3Me I-XIV BB. She was an ethno-archaeologist whose other writings include censcsue nocenenus AcPpuauocKoao Xope3Ma (1966), she edited Tonpes-xene; oeopeu (1984), and she was joint editor of ttoneeue uccneooeenu» Xope3McKoil3Kcneou~uilB 1958-1961 ee. (1963), and )/(unuw,e nepoooe CpeoHeil A3UUu Kesexcmen« (1982). LC; Schoeberlein Nerfin, Marc, born 26 September 1930 at Geneve, he studied history at the local university and subsequently worked as a journalist in Geneve and, later, as a teacher in Tunisia. Since 1962 he was affiliated with U.N. organizations, working on Third World affairs. His writings include Entretien avec Ahmed Ben Salah sur la dynamique socialiste dans les ennees 1960 (1974) and its translation, Gesprecne mit Ben Salah; eine sozialistische Alternative in Tunesien (1976). WhoWor, 1989/90 Neri, Italo, born in 1910, he was a sometime professor of political science at the Universita di Roma, and was in 1954 affiliated with Radiotelevisione Italiana. His writings include La questione del Nilo (1938), and Lineamenti della colonizzazione spagnola (1942). IntWW, 1974/75 Nerlich, Uwe, born early 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Ebenhausen, Germany. Since 1962 he was the editor of the series Krieg und Frieden. In 1974/75 he was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, Calif. His writings include Europaische Sicherheit der 70er Jahre (1968), Der amerikanisch-sowjetische Bilateralismus (1974), and Nuclear weapons and East-West negotiations (1976). Note Nerreter, David, born in 1649 at NOrnberg, he received a master's degree in 1672 at Konigsberg. He was a philosopher and superintendent in Pomerania. His writings include Neu eroffnete Mahometani-

sche Moschea, worinn nach Anleitung der 6. Abtheilung von unterschiedlichen Gottes-Diensten der Welt Alexander Rossens erstlich der Mahometanischen Religion Anfang, Ausbreithung, Secten, Regierungen, mancherley Gebrauch und vermut/icher Untergang, tars andre der vollige Alkoran, nach der besten Edition Ludovici Marracii verteutscht und kOrzlich widerlegt wird (NOrnberg, 1703). He died

in Cammin (Pomerania) in 1726. ADtB, v. 23, p. 437; DtBiind (8); FOck, p. 94

Nersesov, Georgii Aleksandrovich, born 14 May 1923 at Moscow, he graduated in 1945 from the Faculty of History at Erevan, received his first degree in 1950 and a doctorate in 1981. Since 1960 he was affiliated with the Asia Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His writings include Ilunnonemu-ecxe» ucmopun eeunemcxoeo «pusuce 1881-1882 ee. (1979), Ilonumuxe Poccuu Ha TeweHCKOM «onepecce 1778-1779 ee. (1888), and he was joint editor of Bottpocu acPpuKaHcKoil ucmopuu; C60pHUK cmameil (1983). He died 17 July 1982. Miliband; Miliband2 ; Unesco Nersisian, Mkrtych Gegamovich, born in 1910 in Armenia, he received a doctorate in 1945 at Erevan for ApMflHcKoe neuuonensuo-oceotiooumenenot: OBU>KeHUe B 1860-1880 ee. He was appointed a professor in 1948. His writings include OCB060oumenbHfI 60pb6a apMflHcKoao Hapooa npomue mypeu oecno-musne, 1860-1880 (1955), and Omeuecmeennee eotine 1912 eoo« e HapooHbl KaBKa3a (1965), he was joint author of ncmoou» apMflHcKoao Hapooa (1980), and he edited reHo~uo apMflH B OCMaHcKoil uunepuu (1982), and ApMflHo-pyccKue omnousenus B XVIII BeKa, 1760-1800 (1990). Miliband2

de Nerval, Gerard Labrunie, born in 1808 at Paris, he was the son of an army doctor and travelled widely in Europe and the East. He was mentally unbalanced and after escaping from a private asylum committed suicide by hanging himself from a lamp post in Paris in 1855. His writings include Voyage en Orient (1884), and its translation, Reise in den Orient (1986). BbD; CasWL; CelCen; DBF; Master (17) Nes, David Gulick, born 17 February 1917 at York, Pa., he graduated in 1939 from Princeton University. He left a journalistic career with the Baltimoe Sun in 1941 to join the U.S. State Department as divisional assistant. In 1968 he was acting head of the U.S. Embassy in Cairo. Note; WhoAm, 1974/75,1976/77, 1978/79; WhoE, 1991/92, 1993/94

Neshev (Nesev), Georgi Zhelev, born 14 November 1940, his writings include 5bnaapcKu OOBb3pO>K oencku «ynmyouo-nepconocmnu cpeouuime (Sofia, 1977), Ha CBOFI HapOa6bnaapcKu (1987), and he edited '{unpoeuuu 1688-1988; C60pHUK (1989). Koi,1998 Nesin, Nusret Aziz, born in 1915 at Constantinople, he was a controversial Turkish writer and playwright. A satirist, leftist and atheist from a Muslim family, he angered Islamists by publishing excerpts from Salman Rushdi's Satanic verses in the daily Aydlnllk. He survived a 1993 assassination attempt in Sivas. His writings include That's how it was, but not how it's going to be; the autobiography, Boyle gelmi§, translated from the Turkish by J. S. Jacobson (1977). He died 6 July 1995 in Ankara of a heart attack. AnaBrit; DcOrL; EIS, 1975; Kim kimdir, 1985/86; Master (7); Tagesspiegel (Berlin), 7 Juli 1995; WRMEA,1995

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Nespital, Helmut, born 4 August 1936 at Berlin, he studied from 1955 to 1960 Indo-Iranian philology at Humboldt-Universitat, to which three more years were added at Universita Karlova, Praha. After obtaining a Dr.phil in 1965, Dr.habil. in 1977 at his alma mater, and the second Dr.habil. in 1980 from Freie Universitat Berlin, he became a lecturer at German universities. He wrote Das Futursystem im Hindi und Urdu (1981). He died 10 May 2001. Filipsky; KOrschner, 1983-2001; ZDMG, 152 (2002), pp. 1-3 Ness, Elizabeth Wilhelmina, (Mrs. Patrick), born 19th cent., she was elected a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society on 13 April 1918 and was the first woman to become member of Council; she served from 1930 to 1934, from 1935 to 1938, from 1946 to 1950 and in 1956. In 1953 she endowed the Mrs. Patrick Ness Award, to be presented by the R.G.S. Her own travels included a journey to Victoria Nyanza in 1906 and elsewhere in Central Africa in 1908-1909, 1911-1912 and in 1913. In 1923 she undertook a journey from Beirut across the Syrian desert to Isfahan. She described her travels in Ten thousand miles in two continents (1929). She died on 22 April 1962. Geographical journal 128 (1962), p. 370; WhE&EA; Who was who 6

Nesselmann, Georg Heinrich Ferdinand, born 14 February 1811 at FOrstenau, West Prussia, he studied mathematics and Oriental languages at KOnigsberg and received a Dr.phil. in 1837 and Dr.habil. in 1839 for Nummerum orientalium qui in nummophylacio academico regimontano. Since 1843 he was a professor of Oriental languages at KOnigsberg. His writings include Versuch einer kritischen Geschichte der Algebra (1842), Die orientalischen MOnzen des Akademischen MOnzkabinetts in Konigsberg (1858), and he translated from the Arabic of Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-'Amili Essenz der Rechenkunst (1843). He died in Konigsberg on 7 January 1881. Baltisch; DtBE; DtBiind (2) Graf von Nesselrode, Carl Robert (Karl Vasil'evich), born in 1780 at Lisboa, he was the son of a Russian diplomat from a Lower Rhineland aristocrat family and grew up in Frankfurt am Main. In 1802 he joined the Russian Legation in Berlin. From 1805 to 1806 he was charge d'affaires at Den Haag. In 1807 he returned to Berlin, became counsellor to Czar Alexander I in 1813 and was a delegate to the Congress of Vienna, 1814-15. In 1816 he became Russian foreign minister. Under Czar Nicholas I he became vice-chancellor and from 1845 to 1856 he served as chancellor of the Russian Empire. His writings include Des russischen Reichskanzlers Grafen Nesselrode Selbstbiographie; Deutsch von K. Klevesahl (1866) He died in St. Petersburg, 23 March 1862. Harold N. Ingle wrote Nesselrode and the Russian rapprochement with Britain, 1836-1844 (1976). AnaBrit; CelCen; DtBE; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; EnSlovar; GdeEnc; GSE; Master (2); Megali; Pallas; Wieczynski, vol. 24 (1981), pp. 162-165

Nesson, Claude, born 20th cent., he was joint author of Oasis du Sahara algerien (1973), and Recherches sur 1'Algerie (1978). LC Nessyahu, Mordechai, born in 1929 at Haifa, he studied at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, without taking a degree. He was a sometime director of the Israel Labour Party's ideological centre at Bet Berl. His writings include Yisrael ke-etgar(1969). Note; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978 Nestle, Christof Eberhard, born 1 May 1851 at Stuttgart, he studied theology and Oriental languages at TObingen and Leipzig and gained a Dr.phil. He was a classicist and theologian, and successively a lecturer, clergy, secondary school teacher and professor in WOrttemberg. His writings include Syrische Grammatik (1888), and A Palestinian Syriac lectionary (London, 1897). He died in Maulbronn in 1913. DtBE; DtBilnd (4); FOck, p. 244; Master (1); Werist's, 1909-1913

Nestmann, Liesa V., born 24 February 1920 at Tjumen, she received a Dr.phil. in 1959 from the Universitat Marburg for Landschaften im wetslichen und ostucnen Mittelmeerraum. She was a sometime professor of geography in the Padaqoqlsche Hochschule Flensburg. KOrschner, 1992,2003; Schwarz Nestvogel, Renate, born 26 February 1949 at KOnigsmoor, she received a Dr.phil. in 1978 from the Universltat Hamburg for Verstarkung von Unterentwicklung durch Bildung, and also a Dr.habil. in 1985 for Bildung und Gesellschaft in Algerien; Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. She was a professor at Hamburg in 1984 and 1987, and at Essen in 1990. She was joint author of Bildungsprobleme Afrikas ywischen Kolonialismus und Emanzipation (1982), and Frauen in Pakistan (1984). KOrschner, 1992-2003 Netea, Vasile, born 1912 at Deda, Mures, Transylvania, he was a literary historian whose writings include Reunion de la Transylvanie a la Roumanie (1968), 0 zi din istoria Transilvaniei (1970), Nicolae lorga (1971), Carmen saeculare Valachicum (1979), and Con§tiinta originii comune §i a unitatii nationale in istoria poporului roman (1980). WhoRom Netscher, Elisa, born 7 December 1825 at Rotterdam, he soon afterwards came with his parents to the Dutch East Indies. At the age of ten, he was sent to Amsterdam for his education. He returned to the East six years later, never again to leave the colony. In 1848 he entered the civil service at the Section of political affairs in Algemeen Secretarie. In the following ten years he was entrusted with several political missions in the colony. He served as Resident of Riouw from 1861 to 1870, when he Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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was appointed Governor of Sumatra's Westkust. To avoid war with Atjeh, he made a futile request personally to lead negotiations, but after the outbreak of hostilities he suceeded in maintaining law and order in the territories bordering on Atjeh. The main achievement during his governorship was the emancipation of the slaves and the establishment of the judiciary. Appointed in 1878 head of the Council of the Dutch East Indies (Raad van Nederlandsch-lndle), he left Padang and moved to Batavia, where he died in April of 1880. He is best remembered for his De Nederlandser in Djohor en Siak, 1602 to 1865 (1870). His other writings include De munten von Nederlandsch tnaie (1863). BiBenelux (1); EncNI 3 (1919), p-17; NieuwNBW 2 (1912), col. 983

de Nettancourt-Vaubecourt, Jean, born in 1876 at Thillombois (Meuse), he wrote En zigyaz de Singapour a Moscou; notes de route (1905), and Sur les grandes routes de I'Asie Mineure; les parcours tetrees de la peninsule (1908). BN; IndexBFr2 (1)

Netter, Charles, born 14 September 1826 at Strasbourg, he was educated at the College de Belfort, and became one of the first pioneers of the colonization of Palestine. He was a leader of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, and a founder of the Mikveh Israel Agricultural School. He died on a vistit to the School in Jaffa on 2 October 1882. EncJud; JOdLex; IndexBFr2 (2); NDBA; Wininger Nettl, Bruno, born 14 March 1930 at Praha, he graduated in 1950 from Indiana University and received a Ph.D. in 1953 from the University of Indiana, Urbana, for American Indian music north of Mexico. In 1967 he was appointed a professor of music and anthropology in the University of Indiana, Urbana, a post which he still held in 1995. He spent 1968/69 as a research scholar in Iran. His writings include Music in primitive culture (1956), The study of musicethnology (1983), and The radif of Persian music (1987). Baker, 1978-1992; ConAu, 17-20; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; IntWWM,1975-1996/97; Master (5); NatFacDr,1995; Note; WhoAm, 1974/1998

Nettler, Ronald L., born 20th cent., he received an M.A. in 1967 from McGill University for A Translation and desciptive analysis of the chapter on theology in the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun. In 1987, he was affiliated with the American Institute of Holy Land Studies, as well as the Harry S. Truman Institute for Research in Peace, Jerusalem. His writings include Past trials and present tribulations; a Muslim fundamentalist's view of the Jews (1987). Ferahian; LC Netzer, Amnon, born in 1934, he studied at the Hebrew University, 1955/58, and continued Iranian and Arabic studies at Columbia University, 1963 to 1969, when he received his Ph.D. for A study of Kh(w)aje Bokhara'i's Daniyal-name. His writings include Modern Persian (1970), and Modern Persian prose (1971). In 1970 he started teaching Persian at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. BioB134 Neubauer, Adolf (Abraham), born in 1832 at Kottes6 (Kotesova), Hungary, he was about 1850 a teacher at the Jewish school in his home town, but soon thereafter he first went to Prag to study modern languages and mathematics and then to MOnchen, where he read Oriental languages. He lived in Paris from 1857 to 1868, when he accepted the post of Hebrew cataloguer at the Bodleian Library, Oxford, a post which he held until 1900, when failing eyesight obliged him to resign. He subsequently spent five years at Wien before returning to England in 1906. He died in London in 1907.

ConciseDNB; DNB S 2; EncJud; OBL; Who was who 1; Wininger

Neubauer, Eckhard, born 13 January 1940 at Konigsberg, Germany, he studied music and Oriental languages at Frankfurt am Main, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1965 for Musiker am Hof der frOhen ~bbasiden. From 1960 to 1961, he was a student of Turkish and Persian at Ankara Oniversitesi, and subsequently became a fellow of Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes. After a four-year lectureship at AtatOrk Oniversitesi, Erzurum, he joined the Institut der Islamisch-Arabischen Wissenschaften, Frankfurt a. M., where he became the invaluable editor of most of the institute's publications. His own writings include Arabische Musiktheorie von den Anfangen bis zum 6./12. Jahrhundert; Studien, Obersetzungen und Texte in Faksimile (1998); he was a joint author Bibliographie der deutschsprachigen Arabistik und Islamkunde (1990-95), and the five-volume Wissenschaft und Technik im Islam (2003), and a joint editor of The Pillar for penmen of Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Nahhas (1999). Private; Thesis Neubert, Eberhard, born 16 December 1935 at Chemnitz, he was mobilized in 1944 and released as POW in 1945. He was a school teacher, a lecturer in fine art, and received a Dr.phil. in 1961 at Leipzig for Bemerkungen zur Ikonologie des Bergmannes (16. Jh.). Since 1957 he was director of Stadt- und Bergbaumuseum, Freiberg. His writings include Ein Blick in den Dom (1964). Thesis Neuburger, Henry, born in 1871, he was joint author of Technologie du petrote; etude des gisements, recherches et exploitation (1900), and its translation, Technology of petroleum (1901). NUC, pre-1956 Neugebauer, Otto Eduard, born 26 May 1899 at Innsbruck, he studied mathematics at Graz, MOnchen and Gottinqen, where received a doctorate in 1926 for Die Grundlagen der agyptischen Bruchrechnung. He was a professor in Denmark and America. He retired to the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton, where he died in 1990. His writings include Abu Sheker's "Chronography," a Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

18 treatise of the 13th century, by a Christian Arab, preserved in Ethiopic; a summary (Wien, 1988).

BioHbDtE; DtBilnd (1); Egyptology; KOrschner, 1931, 1935; Master (2)

Neugebauer, Paul Victor, born 5 December 1878 at Breslau, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1901 from the Universltat Breslau for Ein Beitrag zur Theorie der speciel/en Storungen mit Anwendungen auf eine Verbesserung der Bahn des Planeten [196J Philomela. He was an astronomer and professor at Koniglich Astronomisches Rechen-lnstitut zu Berlin. He died in 1940. KOrschner, 1926-1935; Wer ist's, 1922-1935

Neuhaus, Gustav, fl. 1898, he wrote Suaheliland, wie ich es fand; Landreise von Kairo nach der Zanzibarkaste (Stuttgart, 1932). NUC, pre-1956 Neukom-Tschudi, Jolantha, she was a writer on Saharan rock paintings. Her writings include Nordafrikanische Felsmalereien (1955), Pitture rupestri del Tasili degli Azger, Sahara algerino (1955), and Tassili-n-Ajjer (1956), and Felsbilder der Sahara im Tassili n'Ajjer (1969). lC Neuloh, Otto, born 15 November 1906 at Wanne-Eickel, Germany, he received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1930 from the Universltat MOnster for Arbeiterbildung im neuen Deutschland. He was a professor of sociology at various German universities. His writings include Der ostafrikanische Industriearbeiter zwischen Shamba und Maschine (1969), and Integration oder Rackkehr, das ist die Frage; tarkische Gastarbeiter (1974). GV; HbDtWiss; KOrschner, 1980-1996 Neumaier, Thomas, fl. 1978, he was an aid worker in the Sudan, his writings include Deutsche Agrarhilfe (1973), and he edited Bericht abet die AID- Tagung ''Agrarmarkte im Wettbewerb, eine neue Beratungssituation." Note Neumann, Carl Friedrich, born Carl Friedrich Bamberger on 28 December 1793 at Reichmannsdorf near Bamberg, the son of a poor salesman, he studied at Heidelberg, MOnchen, and Gottingen. A Protestant since 1818, he became a teacher at the gymnasium in Speyer. He later studied Oriental languages, including Armenian, at San Lazzaro near Venezia. He visited China in 1829, and since 1831 taught Armenian and Chinese at MOnchen. On account of his political leanings he was pensioned off early and retired to Berlin, where he died on 17 March 1870. His writings include Translations from the Chinese and Armenian (London, 1831), Die Volker des sadlichen RuBlands in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung (Leipzig, 1847), and he edited and translated from the Russian of Sergei Nikolaevich Glinka, Geschichte der Obersiedlung von vierzig Tausend Armeniern, welche im Jahre 1828 aus der persischen Provinz Aderbaidschan nach RuBland auswanderten (Leipzig, 1834).

ADtB, vol. 23, p. 529; DtBE; DtBilnd (5); Embacher; Master (1); Wininger

Neumann, Robert Gerhard, born 2 January 1916 at Wien, he was educated at Konsularakademie Wien, Universitat Wien, Institute of International Studies, Geneve, Amherst College, and received a Ph.D. in 1946 from the University of Minnesota. He was a university professor and government official. He served as American ambassador to Afghanistan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia, and was a senior associate at Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C. His writings include European and comparative government (1951), and he was joint author of Revitalizing U.S. leadership in the Middle East (1988). AmM&W5, 19735,19785; IntWW,1975-20001; Master

(15); 5havit; WhoAm, 1974-20001; WhoWor, 1974/75-1976/77

WhoAmP, 1973-1995/96; WhoAustria, 1969170;

WhoGov, 1972/3, 1975, 1977;

Neumann, Wilhelm, born 24 June 1915 at St. Johann, Austria, he gained a doctorate. As a local historian he became a director of the Carinthia provincial archives. His writings include Ksmten, 19181920 (1970). He was honoured by Festgabe far Wilhelm Neumann zum 60. Genurtstag (Klagenfurth, 1975). He died in 1975. lC; WhoAustria, 1977/78 Neumann, Wilhelm Anton, born 7 April 1837 at Wien, he entered the Cistercian Order in 1855 and was ordained in 1860. From 1870 to 1874 he studied theology at Wien. He was for many years a professor of Oriental studies at the Order's theological seminary at Heiligenkreuz, and concurrently served as its librarian. Since 1874 he was a professor of Biblical exegesis at the Unlversitat Wien, where he later also served as dean and rector. He visited the East in 1869, 1884, and 1907. His writings include Uber das Volk der Drusen und den Emir Fachreddin (1878). He died in 1919. DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Kosch; OBl; Wer ist's, 1909-1912

Neumark, Fritz, born 20 July 1900 at Hannover, he gained a Dr.rer.pol. in 1921 at the Universltat Jena with a thesis entitled Begriff und Wesen der Inflation. He briefly taught at the Universitat Frankfurt before he emigrated to Turkey in 1933 to serve for nearly twenty years as a professor of economics at istanbul Oniversitesi lktisat FakOltesi. He quickly integrated in Turkish academic life, particularly since he had a perfect command of French and speedily learned Turkish so that he was able to lecture in Turkish two years after his arrival. His services were appreciated when istanbul Oniversitesi conferred

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on him an honorary doctorate. He returned to the Universitat Frankfurt in 1952 and served as a professor and president. His writings include Maliye i1mine dair ekonomik ve sosyolojik tetkikler (1940), Ekonomi poJitikasl dersleri (1945), Theorie und Praxis der modernen Einkommenbesteuerung (1947), and Izahll ve notlu gelir vergisi (1949). He died 9 March 1991. BioHbDtE; DtBE; KOrschner, 1931, 1935, 1970-1987; Widmann, 121-122,277-278

von Neureiter, Ferdinand, born 8 March 1865 at Friesach, Austria, he studied at Technische Hochschule Wien and gained a doctorate. He was a railway and hydro-electric power engineer and one of the most prominent men in Austrian economic affairs. He was a sometime director of Osterreichische Siemens-Schuckert-Werke and also served as vice-president of k.k. Exportakademie. He died in Berlin, 25 February 1920. ost, Neustupny, Jfi'i, born 31 October 1933 at Praha, he studied at Universita Karlova, Praha, and received his Ph.D. from Tokzo University. He was from 1966 to 1994 a professor in the Department of Japanese Studies, Monash University, Australia. His writings include Communicating with the Japanese (1987). WhoAus, 1968-1994 Neuville, Rene Victor, born 30 October 1899 at Gibraltar, he was a French consul and archaeologist. In recognition of his twenty-five years of archaeological work in Palestine the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres awarded him the Prix Bordin. He died in Jerusalem on 23 June 1952.

Revue ercneotociaue 44 (1954), p. 79

Neuvonen, Eero Kalervo, born 31 july 1904 at Viborg, he received a doctorate in 1941 from Helsinki University for Los arabimos del espetio! en el siglo XIII. He was a linguist and sometime professor and librarian at Abo. His writings include Elements de finnois (1935), and ist translation, Elementary Finnish (1956). Vern och vad, 1970, 1967 Neuwirth, Angelika nee Kleinknecht, born 4 November 1943 at NienburglWeser, she pursued Islamic studies and classical philology at Berlin Gottinqen, Jerusalem and MOnchen and received a Dr.phil. in 1972 for Abd ai-Latif al-Bagdadis Bearbeitung von Buch Lambda der aristotelischen Metaphysik, and a Dr.habil. in 1977 for a study of the literary composition of the Koran. Since 1985 she was successively a professor at Bamberg and Berlin. Her writings include Studien zur Komposition der mekkanischen Suren (1981). KOrschner, 1987-2003; Note; Private Nevakivi, Jukka Taneli, born 8 October 1931 at Pudasjarvi, Finland, he received a Ph.D. in 1962 from LSE for British relations with France in 1919-1920, with special emphasis on the Arab Middle East. He became a Finnish diplomat whose writings include Britain, France and the Arab Middle East, 19141920. Sluglett; Vern och vad, 1992, 1996 Neve, Felix Jean Baptiste Joseph, born 13 June 1861 at Ath (Hainau), he was educated at Lille, and studied at Louvain, Bonn, MOnchen and Paris, where he was a student of Burnouf, de Reinaud and de Ouatrernere. He received a doctorate in 1838 in philosophy and letters; he was since 1841 affiliated with the Universite catholique de Louvain as a professor of ancient history and Oriental languages, particularly Sanskrit. Since 1860 he was a corresponding member of the Academie royale de Belgique. He wrote L'Armenie cnretienne et sa Iitterature (1886). He died in Louvain in 1893. BiBenelux (3); Dantes 1; Hoefer; Master (1); Vapereau

Neven-Spence, Colonel Sir Basil Hamilton Hebden, born in 1888 at Edinburgh, he received an M.D. in 1924 from the University for Helminthiasis in the Egyptian Army. He was an army officer who was seconded in 1914 to the Egyptian Army and the Sudan Government and served in Darfur and Palestine. He died in 1974. Britlnd (1); Sluglett; Who was who, 7 de Neveu, Francois Edouard, he was a capitaine d'etat-major and in 1860 a colonel and commandant superieur at Dellys, Algeria. His writings include Les Khouans, ordres religieux chez les Musulmans de I'Algerie (1845). BN; Note Neveu, Raymond, Dr., born 19th cent., he wrote L'Etat sanitaire de l'Afrique du Nord dans J'antiquite et de nosjours (Paris, 1914). His trace is lost after an article in 1922. BN Nevill, Henry Rivers, born in 1876 at Norwich, East Anglia, he was educated at Charterhouse and Oriel College, Oxford. He was from 1899 to 1930 with the Indian Civil Service. He edited thirty-seven district gazetteers of the United Provinces of India. He died in 1936. Britlnd (1); IndianBiind (3); NUC, pre1956; WhE&EA; Wholndia, 1927

Neville, Sir Ralph, born in 1848, he was admitted to the bar in 1872 and served for six years as a judge in the Egyptian Native Courts. Since 1906 he was jUdge in the High Court of Justice. He died in 1918. Note; Who, 1899-1909; Who was who 2

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Newbery, John, born 16th cent., he was a traveller and trader who made three remarkable journeys to the East, the first one to Jerusalem, the second one to Syria and the Persian Gulf, and the last one to the Far East. He died about 1584. His writings include Itinerarium Jo. Newberi Angli ab Aleppo ad Ormuzium (1633), and Twee reysen van Johann Newberie de eene na het Heylig Land; en de andere na Balsara, Ormus, Persien, en weder na huys door Turkyen (1703). Cecil Tragen wrote Elizabethan venture; an account of the first trading ventture of John Newbery and Ralph Fitch to the Eastern world (1953). Britlnd (1); Sezgin Newbiggin, Thomas, born in 1833, he was a Manchester gas engineer and president of the Gas Institute, who had visited both Brazil and Turkey. His writings include Fables and fabulists, ancient and modern (1895). He died in 1914. Britlnd (2); LC Newbigin, Marion Isabel, born in 1869 at Alnwick, Northumberland, she was from 1902 to her death in 1934 an editor of the Scottish geographical magazine. Her writings include Aftermath; a geographical study of the peace terms (1913). Britlnd (1); DNB (Missing persons); Who was who 3 Newbold, Sir Douglas, born in 1894, he was governor of Kordofan from 1932 to 1938 and in the following year became Civil Secretary, the head of the Sudan Government, a post which he held until his death in 1945. During this time he played an important role in devising government administrative policy. Attracted by the lure of the waterless desert to the north of Sudan, he and Douglas Newbold organized in 1927 a considerable exploratory journey by camel north-eastwards across an unmapped region to Selima Oasis. Kenneth D. D. Henderson wrote The Making of the modern Sudan; the life and letters of Sir Douglas Newbold (1953). DNB; HiI; Note; Who was who 4 Newbold, Thomas John, born in 1807, he was an infantry officer in India, a geologist and Orientalist. His writings include Political and statistical account of the British settlements in the Straits of Malacca (1839). He died in 1850. Buckland; DNB; IndianBiind (2); Riddick Newbury, Colin Walter, born 4 March 1929 at Dunedin, New Zealand, he graduated in 1951 from the local University of Otago and received a Ph.D. in 1953 in French colonial studies from the Australian National University, Canberra. After teaching at Ibadan, he became successively affiliated with Unesco, Paris, the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, and Linacre College, Oxford. His writings include The western Slave Coast and its rulers (1961), The West African Commonwealth (1964), British policy towards West Africa (1965), and The diamond ring; business. politics, and precious stones in South Africa, 1867-1947 (1989). ConAu 5-8, new rev. 8; Unesco Newby, Gordon Darnell, born 16 December 1939 at Salt Lake City, he graduated in 1962 from the University of Utah and received a Ph.D. in 1966 from Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. for Ibn Asbat's Ta'rikh. He was affiliated, since 1976, with North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and since about 1990 with the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Literatures in the University of Illinois at Urbana. His writings include A history of the Jews of Arabia (1988), and he translated from the Arabic of Muhammad Ibn lshaq The making of the last Prophet; a reconstruction of the earliest biography of Muhammad (1989) DrAS, 1974F, 1978F, 1982H; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr,1995; Selim Newcombe, Stewart Francis, born in 1878, he was a graduate of the Royal Military College, Woolwich. His many faceted life included service with the Royal Engineers in South Africa; ten years with the Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Egyptian Army; survey work in southern Palestine before the Great War; service with the Amir Faisal from the early days of the Arab revolt; romantic escape from Turkish prisoner of war camp. After his retirement in 1932 he strove to disentangle the growing complexities of the situation in the Arab world, enjoying the confidence not only of his countrymen but also of many Arab and Jewish leaders. He died in 1956. JRCAS 43 (1956), p. 164; Who, 1936-1956; Who was who 5

Newell, Richard S., born 13 January 1933 at Seattle, Wash., he received a Ph.D. in 1966 from the University of Pennsylvania for Congress agrarian reform policy; a case study of land distribution in northern India. He was appointed in 1967 a professor of history and Asian studies in the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, a post which he still held in 1980. He was joint author of The struggle for Afghanistan (1981). ConAu 112,134; OrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; WrOr, 1994/96-1998/2000 Newland, Charles, fl. 1769-1777, he was the captain of the ship "Kelsall" sailing to the Persian Gulf. Newman, Andrew J., born 7 February 1952 at Philadelphia, Pa., he received a Ph.D. in 1986 from U.C.L.A. for The development and political significance of the rationalist and traditionalist schools in Imami Shi'i history. He was in 1990 a research fellow, Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, Oxford, and a fellow of the Middle East Studies Association of North America. AnEIFr, 1997; Private; Selim2 Newman, Edward William Polson, born in 1887 at Glasgow, he was educated at Marlborough and Christ Church College, Oxford. He served in the Army until his retirement in 1920. He was a sometime private secretary to the Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem, and a Daily Mail corresopndent in the Middle East and the Balkans. His writings include The Middle East (1926), Great Britain in Egypt (1928), its translation, Grol3britanniens Kampf um Agypten (1930), Ethiopian realities (1936), and Italy's conquest of Abyssinia (1937). He died in 1967. Britlnd (1); WhE&EA; Who was who 6 Newman, Elias, born 19th cent., he was in 1903 a missionary of the Irish Presbyterian Mission, Damascus. Note Newman, Francis William, born in 1805 at London, he was educated at Ealing, and subsequently at Oxford where he had a brilliant career, obtaining a double first class in 1826. He was elected fellow of Balliol College in the same year. Conscientious scruples respecting the ceremony of infant baptism led him to resign his fellowship in 1830, and he went to Baghdad as assistant in the mission of Rev. A. N. Groves. In 1833 he returned to England to procure additional support for the mission, but rumours of unsoundness in his views had preceded him, and finding himself generally looked upon with suspicion, he gave up the vocation of missionary to become classical tutor in an unsectarian college at Bristol. In 1860 he became professor of Latin in New College, Manchester. In 1846 he accepted an appointment at University College, London, where he remained until 1869. His prolific writings include A handbook of modern Arabic (1866), On the Bible as the Protestant basis (1866), and Libyan vocabulary (1883). He died in 1897. Boase; Britlnd (14); CasWL; CelCen; ONB; EncBrit; Master (3); Who was who 1 Newmann (Newman), Karl Johannes (John), born 9 July 1913 at Hohenelbe, Austria, he gained a Dr.jur. in 1938 at Karls Unlversltat, Prag, and a Ph.D. in 1944 at Oxford. He was a lecturer successively at Oxford, Natal, and Dacca, before he was appointed in 1962 a professor of political science at the Universltat Koln. His writings include Essays on the constitution of Pakistan (1956), Zerstorung und Selbstzerstorung der Demokratie (1965), its translation, European democracy between the wars (1970), and Pakistan unter Ayub Khan, Bhutto und Zia-ul-Haq (1986). KOrschner, 1966-2003;

WhoWor, 1980/81-1982/83

Newth, John Adrian, he was in 1964 affiliated with the University of Glasgow. He was joint author, together with Alec Nove, of The Soviet Middle East (London, 1967). BLC Newton, Alfred Edward, born in 1863 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was privately educated and received honorary degrees in 1919, 1925. and 1935. He was a businessman and book collector. His writings include The amenities of book-collecting and kindred affections (1918). He died in 1940. CurBio 1940;

Master (2); NatCAB, vol. 31, pp. 191-192; WhAm 1

Newton, Brian Elliott, born 24 July 1928 at Wigan, England, he graduated from Oxford and was since 1971 a professor of French and linguistics at Simon Frazer University, Burnaby, B.C. His writings include Cypriot Greek (1972), and The generative interpretation of dialect; a study of modern Greek phonology (1972). ConAu 49-52; OrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F Newton, Francis Giesler, born 4 April 1878 at Ipswich, Essex, he was an architect who became an excavator in 1906 and carried on field-work for the Palestine Exploration Fund in Syria, among other sites. He died during an epidemic in Asyut, 25 December 1924. Egyptology Newton, Robert Russell, born in 1918, he was for many years affiliated with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. His writings include Ancient astronomical observations and the accelerations of the Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

22 earth and moon (1970), Medieval chronicles and the rotation of the earth 1972), and Ancient planetary observations and the validity of ephemeris time (1976). WrDr, 1982/84-1992/941

Ney, Napoleon, born in 1849, he wrote En Asie centrale les societes musulmanes (1890). He died in 1900. LC

a vapeur

(1888), and Un Danger europeen;

Niblack, Albert Parker, born in 1859 at Vincennes, Ind., he was a U.S. rear-admiral and a naval attache. He died in Nice in 1929. For his private papers see ANB. ANB; DAB; IndAu; Master (4); NatCAB,

vol. 28, pp. 77-78; WhAm 1; Who was who 3

Niblock, Timothy Colin, born 13 October 1942 in Northern Ireland, he studied at the University of Oxford, College d'Europe, Bruges, and University of Sussex, where he gained a Ph.D. in 1970. He did eight years of field work in the Sudan, Iraq and the Gulf states as well as in Egypt. He was a Nuffield Research Fellow, 1985-86, and a Canon Research Fellow, 1990-91. He was a director, Middle East Politics Programmes in the University of Exeter. A member of BSMES , MESA, and the Royal Institute of International Affairs, he wrote State, society and economy in Saudi Arabia (1981), Iraq; the contemporary state (1982),C/ass and power in Sudan (1987), and he was editor of Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (1980), and joint editor of Economic and political liberalization in the Middle East (1993), and Muslim communities in the new Europe (1996). EURAME5, 1993; Private Nicholls, W. H., born 19th cent., he was affiliated with the Archaeological Survey of India, and edited Akbar's tomb, Sikandarah. near Agra, described and illustrated by Edmund W. Smith (1909). Nicholls, William, born 18 November 1882 at Lifford, Ulster, he studied at Trinity College, Dublin, and subsequently became a colonial administrator in the Sudan and Egypt. His writings include The ShaikTya, an account of the ShaikTya tribes and of the history of Dongola Province from the 14th to the 19th century (1913), and its Arabic translation in 1972. He died in 1970. Who was who 6 Nicholls, William Hord, born in 1914 at Lexington, Ky., he was a 1934 graduate of the University of Kentucky, who received his Ph.D. in economics in 1941 from Harvard. He was since 1948 a professor of economics at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. As a member of the Turkish Mission of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, he travelled widely in Turkey during the summer of 1950. His writings include Wartime government in operation (1943), and The importance of an agricultural surplus in underdeveloped countries (1962). He died in 1978. AmM&W5, 19735,19785; Note; WhAm 7; WhE&EA; WhoAm, 1974-1978; WhoEc, 1986

Nicholson, Benjamin Alexander Robert, born 2 May 1805, he completed his medical training in 1831 and became a surgeon on 20 May 1846. He was a medical officer with the Bombay Service and died in Hyderabad, Sind, on 1 March 1854. IndianBilnd (2) Nicholson, Reginald Popham, born in 1874, he was educated at Clifton and Christ's College, Cambridge. He was from 1900 to 1908 a colonial administrator in Africa, and from 1932 to 1938 served as a secretary of the Royal African Society and as editor of its Journal. He died in 1950. Who was who 4 Nicholson, Reynold Alleyne, born in 1865. Few men of his time, even amongst scholars, have held such a high position in their profession so unassumingly and with avoidance of publicity as Nicholson. From the publication of his first book, the Literary history of the Arabs, in 1907, he was recognized as a man of mark in Oriental scholarship. With this achievement he took his natural place in the brilliant group of Cambridge Orientalists which adorned Cambridge in the first quarter of the twentieth century, being linked more especially with E. G. Browne in a partnership which was harmonious and fruitful as it has seldom been equalled. Nicholson was, in the academic hierarchy, the junior partner and had to wait until his eighty-fifth year for the Cambridge Chair, when it was vacated by the premature death of Browne. The last twenty years of his life were given up to the great masterpiece of Persian Sufism, the Ma§.navi of RamI, his edition of which, with its translation and annotation will probably edure for many generations as his chief monument. lilt is safe to prophecy that for a century or more to come no European will hazard and attempt to equal his performance in his subject." (Reuben Levy). He died in 1945. AI-Andalus 10 (1945), pp. 464-465; Bioln 5; Britlnd (2); DNB; FOck, p. 281-82; JRCA5 33 (1946), pp. 6-7; Master (2); MW 36 (1946), pp. 277-78; Proceedings of the British Academy 31 (1945), pp. 399-404; WhE&EA; Who was who 4

Nickel, Helmut, born 24 March 1924 at Dresden, he received a Dr.phil. in 1958 from Freie Universitat Berlin for Der mittelalterliche Ritterschild des Abendlandes. He was affiliated with Staatliche Museen, Berlin, prior to his appointement in 1960 to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, N.Y.C., where he served until his retirement as a curator of arms and armour. His writings include Warriors and worthies (1969), Arms and armor in Africa (1971), and Ullstein-Waffenbuch (1974). Metropolitan Museum journal 24 (1989), pp. 9-12; Note

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Nickerson, Mary E., she received a Ph.D. in 1948 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled The city and the seigneury of Beirut in the age of the crusades. Selim Nickles, Adrien, fl. 1889-1921, he was affiliated with the Societe d'emulation du Doubs. His writings include Promenades et excursions botaniques faites en 1891 dans les environs de Besan90n (1892), Un Heros bison tin, Ie capitaine Faure, son oeuvre en Afrique centrale (1913), Balades tunisiennes; notes de voyage d'un comtois (Besancon, 1922), and Au temps bibliques (1923). BN; Note Niclas, lise Dore, fl. 1975, she was a practising lawyer at Heidelberg, who wrote Das Recht der Jugendhilfe (1973). Note Niclou, H. A. A., fl. 1874-1888, he wrote Atjeh gedurende de tweede expeditie en later, door en oud officer (Batavia, 1876), and Open brieven aan den Heer G. F. W Borel ... naar aanleiding van zijn book ll "Onze vestiging in Atjeh (Samarang, 1879). NUC, pre-1956 Nicol, Donald MacGillivray, born 4 February 1923 at Portmouth, he was from 1970 to 1988 a professor of modern Greek and Byzantine history, language and literature in the University of London. His writings include The Despotate of Epiros (1957), Meteora (1963), The Byzantine family of Kantakouzenos (1968), The End of the Byzantine Empire (1979), and The Immortal emperor (1992). Au&Wr, 1971; ConAu 53-56, new rev. 4; IntAu&W, 1976, 1991-2001/2; Magyar NKK, 2002; Who, 1974-2002; WrDr, 1976/78-2003

NicolaI, Andre, born 10 April 1931 at Tunis, he received a doctorate in 1960 at Paris for Comportement economiaue et structures sociales. He was in 1962 affiliated with the C.N.R.S. Unesco Nicolai, Henri, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1963 from the Universite de Bordeaux for Le Kwilu; etude geographique d'une region congolais. He was affiliated with the Centre scietifique et medical de l'Universlte libre de Bruxelles en Afrique centrale. His writings include Luozi; geographie reqtonele d'un pays congolais (1961), Divisions regionales et repertlttons de la population dans Ie sudouest du Congo (1968), and he was joint author of Progres de la connaissance geographique au Zetre, au Rwanda et au Burundi (1964), and L'Espace zetrois (1996). LC; Note Nicolaides, Nicolas, born 19th cent., he was a director of the journals I'Orient, les Pail/asses, and la Turquie. His writings include Sa Majeste Imperiale Abd ul-Hamid Khan II, sultan retotmeteur et reorganisateur de I'Empire ottoman (1907), S.M.I. Ie sultan Abd ul-Hamid Khan II. I'Empire ottoman et les puissances occidentales (1907), Sa Majeste Imperiale Abd ul-Hamid Khan II, I'Empire ottoman et les puissances balkaniques (1908), L'Empire ottoman (1909), and Les Grecs et la Turquie (1910). BN Nicolaisen, Johannes, born 27 May 1921 at Tommerup, Denmark, he studied anthropology at University College, London, and Kebenhavns Universitet, where he received a doctorate in 1963 for Ecology and culture of the pastoral Tuareg. His writings include Primitive kulturer (1963), Structures politiques et sociales des Touareg de I'Air et de l'Ahaggar, traduit de I'anglais (1962), and he was joint author of Etudes sur les Touaregs (1982). LC; Unesco Nicolas, A. L. M., 1864- see Nicolas, Louis Alphonse Daniel Nicolas, Adolphe Auguste Jean Baptiste, capitaine, born early 19th cent., he was sent on a mission to Persia from 1858 to 1861. BN; Note Nicolas, Francis, fl. 1938-1955, he was a colonial administrator whose writings include Tamesna; les loullemmeden de I'est du Touereq llKel Dinnlk, cercle de T'awa, colonie du Niger (Paris, 1950), and La Langue bemere de Mauritanie (Dakar, 1953). Note; NUC, pre-1956 II

Nicolas, Guy Pierre, born 2 August 1932 at Ambares (Gironde), he received a doctorate in 1965 from the Unlversite de Bordeaux for Circulation des richesses et participation sociale dans une societe hausa du Niger. Sponsored by the C.N.R.S., he spent thirteen years in Africa, specializing in study of Islam. His writings include Etude socto-economioue de deux vii/ages hausa (1968), Dynamique sociale et apprehension du monde au sein d'une societe hausa (1975), Dynamique de /'islam au sud du Sahara (1981), Don rituel et echange marchand dans une societe sahelienne (1986), and Du don rituel au sacrifice supreme (1996). Note; Unesco Nicolas, Henri, fl. 1904-1907, he was a member of the Institut de Carthage.

Note

Nicolas, Louis Alphonse Daniel, born 27 March 1864, he served as a dragoman at Tehran, and subsequently as consul at Tabriz and Tiflis. His writings, mostly initialled A. L. M. Nicolas, include Seyyed Ali Mohammed dit Ie Bab (1905), Essai sur Ie cnetmisme (1910-14), Massacres de Babis en Perse (1936), and he translated from the Arabic Le Beyan arabe; Ie livre secre du bsbysme (1905). Qui etes-vous, 1924

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Nicolas, Louis Jean Baptiste, born in 1814, he was succesively a dragoman first class at the French Legation in Persia, and French consul at Rasht. His writings include Dialogues persans-franQais (1857), Dictionnaire trencets-persen (1885-87), and he translated Les Quatrains de Kheyam (1867). He died in 1875. NUC, pre-1956 Nicolas, Michele, born 20th cent., his writings include Croyances et pratiques populaires turques concernant les naissances; region de Bergama (1972), Poissons et peones en Turquie (1974), he was a joint translator of Contes de Turquie (1977), and he was joint editor of Quand Ie cible etait dans la paille (1978), and Les Turcs, des mots, des hommes (1994). Nicolay, Jean-Louis Marie Francois, born 5 February 1890 at Paris, he gained two doctorates in 1911 from the Faculte de droit de Paris for Le Droit de reponee d'epres la loi sur la presse, and Syndicats de meaecins et syndicats de pharmaciens.. He became a lawyer at the Conseil d'Etat and in the Cour de cassation. BN; Qui etes-vous, 1924 de Nicolay, Nicolas, Sieur d'Arfeuille et de Bel-Air, born in 1517 at La Grave d'Oisans (Dauphine), he started life as a soldier and in 1542 participated in the siege of Perpignan. He subsequently served under a variety of powers. For sixteen years he travelled in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Britain, Scotland, and Spain. After his return to France, Henri II employed him as valet de chambre and geographer. In May 1551 he accompanied Gabriel d'Aramon on the embassy to Constantinople; he visited Alger, Tripoli and the Greek Islands, returning by way of Italy. He was commissaire d'artillerie and working on a general description of the Kingdom of France, when he died in Paris, 25 June 1583. His writings include Les Navigations, peregrinations et voyages faits en la Turquie (1576), and its translations, De Schipvaert en de reysen gedaen int landt van Turckyen (1576), and The Navigations into Turkie (1585). Hoefer; Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 379-80; IndexBFr3 (4); Master (1)

Nicole, Gustave Eugene, born 31 October 1835 at Fecamp (Seine-Inf.), he was a journalist at Cairo and Alexandria. His writings include Le Livre d'or de la Savoie et de Nice (1860), Inauguration du Canal de Suez (1870), and Contes et legendes d'Egypte (1895). He died in Fecamp on 11 June 1889. Oursel

Nicolescu, Corina, born in 1922 in Rumania, she was a historian of art and affiliated with Muzeul de Arta al Republicii Populare Romine. Her writings include Muzeologie generala (1975), and she was joint author of Manastirea Moldovi16:37a (1958), and Ceramica romeneesce traditionala (1974). She died in 1977. Bioln 11; MicDcEnc Nicoll, Alexander, born in 1793 at Monymusk, Aberdeenshire, he was a canon of Christ Church and Regius Professor of Hebrew in Oxford University. He was noted for his knowledge of Oriental languages. His writings include Notitia codicis samaritano-arabici in Bibliotheca Bodleaiana (1817). He died of bronchitis in 1828. Britlnd (2); DNB Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri, born 21 September 1866 at Rouen, he studied medicine at Paris and gained a doctorate in 1893 despite his increasing deafness. Unable to practise his profession, he became a professor of pathologist at Rouen. Dissatisfied with the provincial administration he went to Tunis to head the Institut Pasteur, a post which had become vacant. He remained there until his death on 28 Februray 1939. In 1928 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine. DcScB; Hommes et destins, vol. 2, pp. 550-562; IndexBFr3 (3); Master (11)

Nicolle, David Charles, born 4 April 1944 at London, he was educated at Highgate School, and worked for the BBC, in Television News, the Overseas Broadcasting Arabic Service, and subsequently as freelance writer, specializing in the Middle East. While a mature student, his interest in the arms and organization of early Islamic armies induced him to write a thesis on "Early Islamic arms and armour." He gained an M.A. from SOAS and started working on a doctorate for Edinburgh University. His writings include Early medieval Islamic arms and armour (1976), its translation, Islamische Waffen (1981), The Armies of Islam (1982), Armies of the Ottoman Turks (1983), The Mongol warlords (1990), and Hattin, 1187, Saladin's greatest victory (1993). IntAu&W,1989; Note Nicolle, Ernest, born 17 May 1837 at St-Armand-Ies-Eaux, he was educated at the Lycee de Douai and subsequently became a naval officer until his retirement in 1879, a career which enabled him to travel widely. From 1900 to 1907 he was a president of the Societe de geographie de Lille, where he died on 6 November 1909. Bulletin de /a Societe de geographie de Lille 52 (1909), pp. 257-258 Nicolson, Sir Arthur Thomas Bennet Robert, born in 1842 at Morphett Vale, Adelaide, he was educated at Melbourne College. He became a diplomat and was a stout defender of Muslim civilization. He died in 1917. Britlnd (1); Who, 1903-1909; Who was who, 3 Nicolson, Frederick Archibald, Baron Carnock, 1883-1952 see Carnock, Frederick Archibald N. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Nicosia, Francis (Frank) R. J., born 28 October 1944 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was a 1966 graduate of Penn-sylvania State University and received a Ph.D. in 1977 from McGill University, Montreal, for Germany and the Palestine question, 1933-1939. He had spent a year as a Peace Corps member in Libya before he was appointed in 1978 a professor of German and history at St. Michel's College, Colchester, Vt., a post which he still held in 2003. His writings include The Third Reich and the Palestine question (1985). DrAS, 1982H; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2003 Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, born 27 August 1776 at Kebenhavn, the son of Carsten Niebuhr, who taught him languages, history and geography. Having completed his study at German universities, he entered the Danish civil service in 1795. In 1806 he was invited to enter the Prussian civil service. a post which he resigned in 1810 to become Prussian historiographer. In 1822 he was released of his official duties and subsequently became a professor of ancient history at Bonn. His writings include Griechische Heroengeschichten (1842), its translation, 0 epeuecxux eepoim« (1862), and he translated from the Arabic of Muhammad b. 'Umar al-WaqidT Geschichte der Eroberungen von Mesopotamien und Armenien (1847). He died in Bonn on 2 January 1831. ADtB 23, pp. 646-61;AnaBrit; BbD; Bonner 7 (1968), pp.49-78; CasWL; DanskBL; Danskfsl,"; DtBE; DtBilnd (12); EEE; Master (11); Sezgin

Niebuhr, Carsten, born in 1733 at LOdingsworth, Holstein, he spent his younger years as a farm-hand, but later became a good surveyor. Moreover, he spent a year and a half in learning mathematics and Arabic. In 1760 he was invited by the King of Denmark to participate in a scientific expedition to the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, and Turkey. In January 1761 a party of six men set sail from Kebenhavn, Niebuhr was the only one to return home in November of 1767. He subsequently served in the Danish Army until he retired to Meldort, where he died in 1815. He wrote Reisebeschreibung nach Arabien und anderen umliegenden Lendem (1774-78), and the translations, Voyage en Arabie (1776), Reize naar Arabie (1776-80), and Travels in Arabia (1792). ADtB, vol. 23, pp. 661-62; Bidwell, pp. 32-49; DanskBL; DanskBL2; Dawson; DcScB; DtBE; DtBilnd (7); Egyptology; Embacher; Freeth, pp. 61-81; Henze; Master (4)

Niederhauser, Emil, born 16 November 1923 at Bratislava (Pozsony), Czechoslovakia, he was a historian and from 1951 to 1983 a professor at Kossuth Lajos University. His writings include KeletEuropa, 1789-1900 (1968), Nemzetek szatetese Kelet-Europaban (1976), and its translation. The Rise of nationality in eastern Europe (1982). MagyarNKK,1992-2000; Biografki kicsoda, 2002 Ritter von Niedermayer, Oskar, born 8 November 1885 at Freising, Bavaria, he was a professional soldier who studied geography, geology, and linguistics at Erlangen and MOnchen, 1905-1912, and received a Dr.phil. in 1920 for Das Binnenbecken des iranischen Hochlandes. During the Great War he was with the diplomatic service; 1917-18 he headed a military mission in the Middle East; and the years from 1921 to 1931 he spent in Russia. Since 1933 he was affiliated with the Unlversitat Berlin, since 1936 as a professor of military science. His writings include Unter der Glutsonne Irans (1925), 1m Weltkrieg vor Indiens Toren (1936), Wehrgeographie (1943), and he was joint author of Afganistan (1924). He died in a Russian prisoner of war camp in Torgau, 25 September 1948. His private papers are at Militararchiv, Freiburg im Breisgau. Hans U. Seidt wrote a biograpgy, Kabul, Moskau; Oskar Ritter von Niedermayer und Deutschlands Geopolitik (2002). Burkert; DtBE; Kurschner, 1926-1940/41 Nh~ger, Marie Joseph Emile, born 25 May 1874 at Trie-le-Chateau (Oise), he followed a military career like his father. After passing through the military college at Saint-Maixent in 1899, he two years later was posted to the 2nd Compagnie de tirailleurs Sahariens. In 1902 he was transferred to a compagnie rneharistes at Touat. From this time on, his career was closely connected with that of his superior, Laperrine, whose deputy he became in 1906, serving mainly in Touareg territory until 1910. After the Great War he served in Syria as secretary general of the chief administrator of the Troupes expeditionnaires d'Orient, the Ruhr occupation, and, his final overseas mission, the Riffian insurrection. He died in 1951 at his estate in Eclaron (Haute-Marne). Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 381-382; Peyronnet, p. 587

Nielsen, Alfred Julius, born 11 April 1884 at Odense, he was a missionary of the Danish Mission to the Orient, stationed at Damascus. He later was a member of the staff of the Newman School of Missions at Jerusalem as well as a lecturer in Arabic in the Middle East Centre for Arabic Studies, Lebanon. His writings include Muhammadansk Tankegang i vore Dage (kebenhavn, 1930). He died in Askov on 11 January 1963. DanskBL; Note Nielsen, Christian DitJef, born 4 or 5 February 1874 at Kebenhavn, he studied Semitic philology and history of religion at Marburg, Berlin, MOnchen, Paris and London, and received his doctorate in 1906 at Kebenhavn for Studier over oldarabiske indscrifter. From 1931 to 1941 he was a librarian at the Kongelige Bibliotek, Kebenhavn, His writings include Die altarabische Mondreligion und die mosaische Oberlieferung (Straf1burg, 1904), and Heilig jord; rejseindtryk fra Palestina (1928). He died in England on 15 January 1949. DanskBL Nielsen, Helle Lykke see Lykke Nielsen, Helle Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

26 Nielsen, Jerqen S., born 20th cent., he gained a doctorate and was affiliated with A.U.B., before he became a director of the Centre for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations at Selly Oak Colleges, Birmingham. His writings include Forms and problems of legal recognition for Muslims in Europe (1979), and he edited Islam in English law and administration (1981), and a number of other research papers on Muslims in Europe. DrBSMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; LC; Note about the author Nielsen (Nielson), Konrad Hartvig Isak Rosenvinge, born 28 August 1875 at Vik (Helgeland), Norway, he studied philosophy, theology and Finnish language and literature and received a Dr.phil. in 1902 at Helsingfors for Die Quantitatsverhaltnisse im Polmaklappischen. Since 1899 he taught at Tromse, His writings include Laerebok i Lappisk (1926-29), and Lappisk ordbok (1932). In 1945 he was honoured by Festskrift til Konrad Nielsen pa 70-arsdagen. He died in 1953. NUC, pre-1956; ScBlnd (1) Nierman, Jay Harris, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from New York University with a thesis entitled Aimery II of Jerusalem and his relations with his Aijubid neighbors. Selim Niemeier, Georg, born 25 October 1903 at Soest, Westphalia, he studied geography and received a Dr.phil. in 1928 for Das Tecklenburg-OsnabrOckerhogelland. He served as a professor at Riga (1939), Gottingen (1940); Strar1burg (1941), where he was concurrently acting dean of the Faculty of natural sciences. From 1956 to his retirement in 1966 he was a professor at Technische Hochschule Braunschweig. His writings include Siedlungsgeographische Untersuchungen in Niederanatolien (1935), and Die deutschen Kolonien in SOdspanien (1937). He died in Bad Nauheim, 22 March 1984. GV; KOrschner, 1940/41-1983

Niemeyer, Hans Georg, born 30 November 1933 at Hamburg, he studied at its Universitat where he also received a Dr.phil. in 1959 for Promachos; Untersuchungen zur Darstellung der bewaffneten Athena in archaischer Zeit. He gained a Dr.habil. in 1968 at Koln and successively served as a professor of archaeology at Koln and Hamburg. His writings include EinfOhrung in die Archaologie (1968), and he edited Phonizier im Westen (1982). KOrschner, 1970-2003

wo

Niemeyer, Theodor, born 5 February 1857 at Boll, rttem berg , he studied law and subsequently entered the Prussian judiciary and was appointed judge at Unna. In 1888 he took a Dr.phil at Halle and in the following year a Dr.habil. in international law. Since 1894 a professor of law at the Universitat Kiel, he became its rector in 1907. His writings include Aufgaben kOnftiger voikerrecntswissenschaft (1917). He died in Berlin in 1939. DtBE; KOrschner,1925-1935; RHbDtG; Werist's, 1909-1935 Nienhaus, Volker, born 19 July 1951 at Essen, he received a Dr.habil. in 1985 and subsequently became a professor of economics at Ruhr-Universitat, Bochum. His writings include Islam und moderne Wirtschaft (1982), Literature on Islamic economics in English and German (1982), Kooperations- und Integrationspolitik islamischer Lander (1986), and he was joint author of Arabische und islamische Banken (1984). KOrschner,1987-2003; Note about the author Nienstaedt, Hermann, born 29 May 1837 at Engelnstedt, he was a professionel soldier and retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. His writings, partly under the pseudonym N. von Engelnstedt, include Die Schlacht bei Sedan (1896). He died in Weimar, 3 August 1897. BioJahr4 (1900), Totenliste, col. 34* Niepage, Martin, born 12 November 1886 at Magdeburg, Prussia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1909 from the Universitat Halle for Laut- und Formenlehre der mallorkischen Urkundensprache. He was a teacher at the German technical school in Aleppo under Deutsche Orient-Mission in the Ottoman Empire. His writings include The Horrors of Aleppo, seen by a German eyewitness (1917), and Eindracke eines deutschen Oberlehrers aus der TOrkei (1919). Note about the author; Thesis Nierenstein, Samuel, born 3 June 1899 at Harford, Conn, he received a Ph.D. in 1922 from Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, Philadelphia, Pa., with a thesis entitled The problem of the existence of God in Maimonides, Alanus and Averroes. Selim; WhoWorJ,1965 Nierman, Jay Harris, born in 1942, he received a Ph.D in 1971 from New York University for Aimery /I of Jerusalem and his relations with his Ayyubid neighbors. He was in 1975 affiliated with Adelphi University, Hempstead, N.Y. Note about the author; Selim Niese, Richard, born 19th cent., he received a Dr.jur. in 1902 at Marburg for Das Personen- und Familienrecht der Suaheli. He was joint author of Hauseigentamer und Mieter (1937), and StreifzOge in das ottentltche Recht (1937). NUC, pre-1956 Niessel, Henri Albert, born 24 October 1866 at Paris, he passed through the military college at SaintCyr, and received a commission as sous-Iieutenant on 1 October 1886. He rose to the rank of general. He served for many years in Algeria and Tunisia. After the first world war he headed a French mission to Poland, and from 1919 to 1920 he was president of the Commission lnteranlee en pays balkaniques. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

27 In the 1920s, he was the French expert on air defense, a member of the Conseil superieur de la guerre, grand croix de la Legion d'honneur, and in charge of the reserve officers' training. His writings include Les Cosaques (1898), D.A. T" defense eerienne du territoire (1934), and Le Maroc (1901). He died 26 December 1955. OBFC, 1954/55; Peyronnet,646; Qui est-ce, 1934; Qui etes-vous, 1924; WhoFr, 1953/54, 1955/56

van Nieuwenhuijze, Christoffel Anthonie Olivier, born in 1920, he received a doctorate in 1945 at Leiden for Sams 'ut-ain van Pasai and subsequently served until 1950 in Djakarta. After four years with the Netherlands Overseas Broadcasting Service, he was since 1954 in various capacities affiliated with the Institute of Social Studies, den Haag. He was a visiting professor in North America and the Muslim world. His writings include Commoners, climbers and notables (1977). ConAu 25-28

Nieuwenhuis, Thomas (Tom) Henricus Fortunatus Maria, born in 1947 at Amsterdam, he received a doctorate in social anthropology at Amsterdam. His writings include Politics and society in early modern Iraq; Mamlak pashas, tribal shaykhs and local rule between 1802 and 1831 (1982). Brinkman's Nieuwenhuys, Robert, born in 1908, he was an authority on Indian culture, and an anarchist. His writings, partly under the pseudonym E. Breton de Nijs, include Vergeelde portretten (1954), Tussen twee vaterlanden (1959), Oost-Indische spiegel (1972), its tanslation, Mirror of the Indies (1982), and Batavia, koningin van het Oosten (1976). He died 7 November 1999. Indische letteren 14 iv (1999),171-172 Niewohner nee Eberhard, Elke, born about 1945, she received a Dr.phil. in 1970 from the Universitat Freiburg im Breisgau for Osmanische Polemik gegen die Safawiden im 16. Jahrhundert. She became affiliated with Ruhr-Universitat, Bochum, as an Islamicist. Her writings include Salda; Bauten und Bewohner einer traditionellen islamischen Stadt (1985), and she edited the exhibition catalogue, Islamische Kunst (1991). Note Nightingale, Florence, born in 1820 at Firenze to wealthy British parents, she was the elder sister of Lady F. P. Verney (1819-1890). Both girls had an excellent education under the supervision of their father. Florence was in charge of nursing during the Crimean War. She died in 1910 CelCen; ConAu 188; Concise DNB, Supplement; OLB, 166 (1996), pp. 265-275; Journal of modern history 30 (1958), pp. 131-136; Master (50); Robinson, p. 119

Nightingale, Frances Parthenope Verney, 1819-1890 see Verney, Frances Parthenope Nightingale Nightingale, Ray Wiley, born 2 January 1936 at Danforth, Me., he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Cornell University for The modernization decision in Indian urban fluid milk markets. He was a professor at A.U.B and subsequently joined the U.S. Department of Agriculture. AmM&WSc, 1973, 1978 S Nigmatov (Ne'matov), Khamid Guliamovich, born 22 November 1941 at Bukhara, he graduated in 1966 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, received his first degree for a thesis on «Moprponorua nopxcxoro rnarona no MaTep~aIlaM ICIlOeap51" MaxMYAa Kauirapcxoro», and his doctorate in 1978 for MopcjJonowufl fl3blKa eocmouno-myprcsux neuempueoe XI-XII eesoe. He was appointed a lecturer in 1971 and a professor in 1979. His writings include (/)YHKlJ,UOHanbHafi MopcjJonoaufi mlOpKofl3blllHblX neuemnuxoe XI-XII eesoe (1989). Miliband2 Nigmatov, Tal'at, born 1 May 1925 at Tashkent, he graduated in 1951 from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent State University and received his first degree in 1955 for xeoeemepucmus« OCHoeHblX ucmovnusoe no oycceo-xueuncsun eseuvoomnouieeunu; 20-50-e aoobl XIX e. He was from 1955 to 1985 affiliated with the Oreintal Institute in the Uzbek Academy of Science. His wirtings include Hesomopue ucmoueusu K ucmopuu eseuuoomnotuenua 5yxapbl U Xuebl e PocceiJ (1957), and OKmfl6pb U numepamypa t1paHa; (nossm» 1920-1930 eonoe (1977). He died 5 July 1985. Miliband2 Nigmedzianov, Makhmut Nigmedzianovich, born 10 May 1930, he was a musicologist and since 1984 a lecturer at Kazan State Pedagogical Institute. In 1990 he was appointed a professor. His writings include HapooHble neCHU eOn)f(CKUX mamap (1982); he edited KOMn03umopbl U MY3blKoeeobl Coeemcsoeo Temepcmene (1986); and he was joint editor of My3blKa U coepeuennocme (1980). Tatar ES Nigosian, Solomon Alexander, born 23 April 1932 at Alexandria, Egypt, he was a 1968 graduate of the University of Toronto and gained a Ph.D. in religion in 1975 from McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. He taught for three years at McMaster before joining in 1975 the Department of Religious Studies in the University of Toronto. His writings include World religions (1972), and Islam, the way of submission (1987). OrAS, 1978 P, 1982 P; Private Niiazmukhamedov, Babadzhan Niiazovich, born in 1906 at Firuzob, Tajikistan, he graduated in 1929 from the Tashkent Teachers' College and received his first degree in 1938 for KaHu6aoaMcKoe nepevue maO)f(UKCKOao fl3blKa (published in 1951) and his doctorate in 1948 for Cunmexcuc ttpocmoeo tipeonoxenu» e coeoeuennov maO)f(UKCKOM numepemypnou fl3blKe. He was since 1961 affiliated Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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with the Institute of Philology and Literature in the Tajik Academy of Science. His writings include OlJepKU no HeKomopblM eonpocss» maO>KUKCKOao fl3blK03HaHUfi (1960), and other works in Tajik. He died 26 October 1979. Miliband; Miliband 2 Nijenhuis, Willem, born 15 May 1916 at Amsterdam, he was educated at Harlem, and received doctorates in theology at Utrecht and Leiden. He successively served as a clergyman to a number of communities before pursuing an academic career at Amsterdam (1969-1976) and subsequently at the Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen as a professor of ecclesiatical history. His writings include Ecc/esia Reformata (1972-94), Hoe ca/vinistisch zijn wij Neder/anders? (1994). On his seventy-fifth birthday he was honoured by Gericht verleden (1991). Wie is wie, 1994/96 Nijim, Basheer Khalil, born 13 September 1936 at Tulkarm, Palestine, he was a graduate of Augustana College, Sioux Falls, S.D., and received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Indiana University for The Indus, Nile, and Jordan; international rivers and factors in conflict potential. For over eighteen years he taught at the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, where he also served as head of the Geography Department. He was joint editor of The Arab world; a handbook (1978). He died 11 February 1991, having lost his three-year fight against cancer. AmM&WS, 1973 S; MESA bulletin 25 (1991), pp. 155-156; Selim Nikic, Andrija Stjepan, born 1 January 1942 at Ruzlcl, Bosnia-Hercegovina, he was a Roman Catholic priest, archivist and librarian. His writings include Godine gladi; provijesni prikaz spasavanja herceqovecke sirotinje, 1916-1919 (1974), Franjevacka knijiinica (1981), and he edited Regesta Franjevackog arhiva U Mostaru (1984). NUC, 1973-77; WhoCroatia, 1993 Nikiprowetzky, Tolia, born in 1916, he was a French composer of Russian origin whose writings include La Musique de la Mauritanie (1961), Les Instruments de musique au Niger (1963), and Trois aspects de la musique africaine (1966). LC; Master (2) Nikitin, Georgii Aleksandrovich, fl. 1937, he was, with Tat'iana A. Kriukova, joint author of nepoonoe usotiossumenu-ce ucxyccmeo (1960). NUC, 1956-67

uyeeiucsoe

Nikitin, Sergei Alesandrovich, born 25 December 1901, he received a doctorate in 1947. From 1957 to 1970 he was affiliated with the Soviet Academy of Science as a historian of nineteenth century Russia, particularky the non-Russian Slavic peoples. His writings include CneesncsueKOMumembl B Poccuu (1960), OlJepK no ucmopuu IO>KHbIX cneesn u pyccKo-6anKaHMKux CBfl3CU B 50-70-e aoobl XIX B. (1970), and he edited ttepeoe cep6cKoe eoccmenue 1804-1813 ee. u POCCUfi (1980-82). WhoSocC 1978 Nikitin (Nikitine), Vasilii (Basile) Petrovich, born 1 January 1885 at Sosnowiec, Russia, he graduated in 1904 from the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow. Having spent the summer of 1905 at Constantinople, he went in 1906 to Paris, where he completed his study under Barbier de Meynard and H. Derenbourg. After his return to St. Petersburg he entered in 1908 the school of dragomans. The following year he was attached to the Russian consulate at Isfahan. In 1912 he became an interpreter at the Russian consulate in Rasht, Gilan. After serving briefly as vice-consul at Tabriz, he was a consul at Urmiah from 1915 to 1919, when he left Persia and settled with his French wife in Paris. He gained a diploma at l'Ecole des sciences politiques and subsequently joined the Banque Franc;aise du Commerce Exterieure, where he remained for twenty-eight years. He died in Mortcerf (Seine-etMarne), 8 June 1960. His writings include ~I~I~ 0..0 .s ~IJ:I (1329/1950), and Les Kurdes (1956). I'Afrique et l'Asie no. 54 (1961), pp. 46-49; Folia orientalia 2 (1960), pp. 211-213, pp. 153-176

Nikitina, Galina Stepanovna, born 25 April 1924 at Egor'evka., Russia, she graduated in 1948 from the Institute of Foreign Trade and received her first degree in law for Me>KoyHapooHo-npaBoBou pe>KUM CY3~Koao «enene. Since 1957 she was a reseach fellow at the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include CY3~KUU «enen (1956), its translation, Der Suezkana/ (1957), and tocvoeocmeo nsoeun» (1968), a work which was translated into Arabic (1969), Polish (1970), and English, The State of Israel (1973). She died 20 March 1982. Miliband; Miliband 2 Nikitina, Vera Borisovna, born 15 july 1922 at Moscow, she graduated in 1948 from the Faculty of Philology, Moscow, and received her first degree in 1955 for Hesomopue ocotieunocmu nupusu Hesup-u Xocpoea. Since 1949 she was affiliated with the Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow. In 1980 she was appointed a lecturer. Her writings include flumepamypa opeBHeao npene (1958), and she was joint author of flumepamypa opeeneeo Bocmoxe (1962). She died on 6 September 1993. Miliband 2

Nikitine, Basile, 1885-1961 see Nikitin, Vasilii Petrovich Nikolaev, Roman Viktorovich, born 20th cent., he was a lecturer and received a degree in 1977 with a thesis entitled oonuotoo U nesomopue eonpocu 3mHUlJeCKOU ucmopuu KemOB. His writings include

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29 (/JonbKnop u eonpocu 3mHUlJeCKOU ucmopuu «emoe (1985), and he was joint author of 3mHoapaepufi nepoooe Cu6upu; ylJe6HOe ttoccoue (1994). LC; Note

Nikolaev, Semen Ivanovich, fl. 1956, he wrote 3eeHbl u 3eeHKU lOao-BocmolJHou flKymuu (1964).

LC

iunencsoe neocaese cn0600y (Beograd, 1959). NUC, 1968-72 Erastovich, born in 1878, he wrote Ilecnu cmacmu Bocmose (St.

Nikolic, Rade, fl. 1957, he wrote 50p6a Nikolskii (Nikolsky), Mikhail Petersburg, 1903). NUC, pre-1956

Nikonov, Vladimir Andreevich, born in 1904 at Simbirsk, Russia, he was since 1963 head of the onomastic section in the Institute of Ethnography, Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include Beeoeuue e monoHuMuKy (1965), KpamKuu monOHUMUlJeCKUU cnoeeps (1966), and t1MfI u 06ucecmeo (1974). Miliband 2 Nikulin, Nikolai Nikolaevich, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Hermitage (3pMLt1Ta>K) Museum, Leningrad and wrote mainly on Dutch and German painting. LC Nikuradse, Alexander, born about the end of the 19th cent. in Georgia, he was a professor who was engaged in 1938 by the Foreign Policy Bureau of the German National Socialists to develop a concept of historical research in agreement with the Party's view of history, demonstrating the common destiny (Schicksa/sverbundenheit) of the Germanic central European territories with those of the northeast and southwest. He headed an academic research team on the Caucasian peoples of the Soviet Union. His writings, partly under the pseudonym A. Sanders, include Um die Gestaltung Europas (1938), Kaukasien, Nordkaukasien, Aserbeidschan, Armenien, Georgien; geschichtlicher UmriB (1942), Osteuropa in kontinenteleurooelscner Schau (1942), Die Stunden der Entscheidung; Kampf um Europa (1943), Europa-USA in der unteilbaren Welt (1956), and he edited Europaische Universitat, ein Gebot der Stunde (1960). Burkert Nilsen, Don Lee Fred, born 19 October 1934 in Utah, he received in 1971 a Ph.D. linguistics from the University of Michigan, having spent from 1969 to 1971 as a linguistics specialist in Kabul. He started his academic career at the University of Northern Iowa, and was since 1973 a professor of English linguistics at Arizona State University, Tempe. His writings include Toward a semantic specification of deep case (1972), and Humor in American literature; a selected annotated bibliography (1992). ConAu 41-44, new rev. 15; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; WhoWest, 1992/93, 1994/95

NiI'sen, Vladimir Anatol'evich, born 4 June 1918 in Russia, he became affiliated with the Institute of Architecture, Tashkent. His writings include MOHYMeHmanbHafi eoxumekmype 5yxapcKoao oesuceXIXII e.e. (1956), Cmenoenenue epeooanbHou eoxumexmyin« CpeoHeu Asuu V-VIII e.e. (1966), and Y ucmokoe coepeuennoeo epeoocmpoumenecmee Y36eKucmaHa, XIX-XX eesoe (1988). LC; Schoeberlein; UzbekSE

Nilsson, Birgit, 1950- see Nilsson Schlyter, Birgit Nilsson, Sten Ake, born 9 April 1936 at Vinslov, Skane, Sweden, he studied at Stockholm and Lund, where he received a doctorate in 1967 and subsequently served there as a lecturer and professor. His writings include Europeisk arkitektur i India, 1750-1850 (1967), its translation, European architecture in India (1968), The new capitals of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (1973), 1700-talet efter den karolinska tiden (1974), and Det skone 1700-talet (1993). Vem er det, 1985-2001; WhoWor, 1991/92, 1993/94 Nilsson Schlyter, Birgit, born 7 September 1950, she received a Dr.Fil. in 1985 for Case marketing semantics in Turkish. She was affiliated with the Institutionen for Ostasiatiska Sprak in Stockholms Universitet. EURAMES, 1993; NSMES, Directory of members, 1991; Schoeberlein Nimrod, Yoram, born 20th cent., he was a graduate and researcher, Jewish-Arab Institute at Givat Haviva, and became a teacher and member of the Kibbutz Ein Hakhoresh. His writings include Me merivah (1966), Petestineim be-tmut (1975), Neft (1982), and Mifgash ba-tsomet (1984). Note Nimschowski, Helmut, born 19 May 1933 at Katzenberg, Saxony, he received a Dr.phil. in 1964 from the Universitat Lepzig for Die Expansion des deutschen Imperialism us nach Marokko, and a Dr.habil. in 1971. He subsequently became a professor at his alma mater. His writings include Der nationale Befreiungskrieg des algerischen Volkes (1984), and he was joint editor of Die Araber an der Wende zum 21. Jahrhundert (1986). KOrschner, 1992-2003 Nimtz, August Harrison, born in 1942, he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Indiana University for The role of the Muslim Sufi order in political change; an overview and micro-analysis from Tanzania. He was in 1995 a political scientist in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis, a post which he still held in 2003. His writings include Islam and politics in East Africa; the Sufi order in Tanzania (1980). LC; NatFacDr, 1995-2003; Selim

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Ninet, John, born in 1815, he wrote Moscova versus Istamboul; OU, Politique seculeire de la Russie envers I'Empire ottoman (Berne, 1868), Arabi Pacha (Paris, 1884), Coupon et creencters egyptiens a la prochaine conference de London (Berne, l'Auteur, 1886), Au pays des khedives (Paris, 1890), and Lettres d'Egypte, 1879-1882, ed. Anouar Luca (1979). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Nir, Dov, born 17 May 1922 at Jerusalem, he was affiliated with the University of Haifa as a professor. His writings include Pa'ate midbar (1973), and its translation, The semi-arid world; man on the fringe of the desert (1974). Wholstael, 1973/74-1985/86 Nirenstein, Samuel, born 3 June 1899 at Harford, Conn., he received a Ph.D. in 1922 from Dropsie College, Philadelphia, Pa. He was a lawyer and attorney. He taught for four years philosophy at the Hebrew Union College School, before practising law from 1943 to 1971. His writings include The Problem of the existence of God in Ma imonides, Alanus and Averroes (1924). CnDiAmJBi; Selim; WhoAm, 1974-1976/77; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972

Nirumand (Niroomand), Bahman, born in 1936 at Tehran, he studied literature at Tehran, MOnchen, Berlin, and TObingen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1960 for Probleme der Verpflanzung des eurooeischen Dramas in die neupersische Literatur. In the same year he returned to Tehran to teach comparative literature. His opposition to the Shah forced him into exile in Germany until March 1981 when he returned to Tehran. He became one of the founders of the National Democratic Front. Since November of the same year he again lived in exile, partly in Paris, partly in Berlin, where he became a free-lance writer, specializing in foreigners in Germany. His writings include the translation Iran; the new imperialism in action (1969), Iran; hinter den Gittern verdorren die Blumen (1985); he was joint author of Iraner in Berlin (1994); he edited Feuer unterm Pfauenthron; verbotene Geschichten (1974), and he translated from the Persian of Mahmud Dawlatabadi, Die Reise (1992). Private Nisar Ahmed see Ahmed, Nisar Nisbet, Anne Marie, born in 1944, she received a Ph.D. from the University of New South Wales, Sydney. Her writings include Le Personnage temintn dans Ie roman maghrebin de langue trenceis des inoependsnces a 1980 (1982), and French navigators and the discovery of Australia (1985). LC Nisbet, Thomas, born in 1882, he was educated at Edinburgh and the Royal Military College, Camberley, and subsequently entered the Army. During the Great War he was posted to the Middle East, and in 1919 he was a director, Reparation and Relief of Refugees, Syria and Palestine. He retired in 1927 with the rank of colonel. He subsequently made an overland journey by motorcar to India and back to Beirut. He died in 1956. Britlnd (1); Who,1929-1956; Who was who 5 Nishanov, Mamirzhan, born 20 December 1933 at Kurgan-Tyube, Tajikistan, he graduated in 1957 from Central Asian State University and received his first degree in 1964 for Anmuuunepuenucmu-ieceoe 08U>KeHUe 8 JlfpaHe 1951-1953 20008 U HaL(UOHanbHaR 6yp>Kya3uR. He was since 1959 affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Uzbek Academy of Science. He was joint author, with Adkham I. Akbarov, of the two publications, nepuooullecKue npecca 8 cmpenex A3UU U AC/JpuKu (1973), and Fleuerm; cmpen A3UU UAC/JpuKu (1977). Miliband; Miliband 2 Nissen, Hans Jorg, born 22 June 1935 at Heidelberg, he received a Dr.phil. from the Universitat for Zur Datierung des Konigsfriedhofes von Ur. He was an archaeologist and from 1963 to 1967 a fellow at Deutsches Archaoloqisches Institut, Baghdad, and from 1968 to 1971 an assistant professor at the Oriental Institute, Chicago. He subsequently served as a professor at Freie Universitat Berlin. His writings include GrundzOge einer Geschichte der FrOhzeit des Vorderen Orients (1983), and Archaic bookkeeping (1993). KOrschner, 1976-2003; WhoWor, 1991/92

Nissen, Niels Kristian, born 29 November 1879 at Oslo, he trained from 1897 to 1902 as a theologian. He subsequently served from 1904 to 1913 as a pastor at Karasjok, a village in Finnmark County in northern Norway, from 1912 to 1926 as a reindeer forester, from 1926 to 1936 as a pastor at Trome Cathedral, from 1935 to 1949 as pastor at Lier in Buskerud County, and finally at Lysaker. Hvem er hvem, 1948-19641

Nitowski, Eugenia Louise, born 20th cent., she received a Ph.D. in 1979 from the University of Notre Dame for Reconstruction of the tomb of Christ from archaeological and literary sources. She was in 1995 affiliated with the Department of Arts and Sciences in Westminster College, Salt Lake City, Utah. LC; NatFacDr, 1995

Nivaggioli, Manuele, 1937- see Peyrol, pseudonym of Manuele Nivaggioli Nixdorff, Heide, born 14 January 1941, she was from 1970 to 1986 affiliated with the Volkerkunde Museum, Berlin, and subsequently appointed to the chair of comparative textile studies in the

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Universltat Bochum. Her writings include Zur Typologie und Geschichte der Rahmentrommeln (1971), and Tonender Ton; TongefaBfloten (1974). KOrschner, 1992-2003

Nixon, Howard Linley, born 29 November 1944 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 and subsequently taught sociology in the University of Vermont at Burlington. In 1995 he was affiliated with the Department of Sociology and Social Work, Appalachian State University, Boone, N.C. His writings include Sport and social organization (1976). AmM&WS, 1973 C, 1978 S; LC; NatFacOr,1995 Niyogi, Roma, born 20th cent., she gained a doctorate and retired as head of the Department of History in Bethune College, Calcutta. Her writings include Money of the people; a survey of some eighteenth and nineteenth century tokens of India (1989). LC Nizamutdinnov, lI'ias Guliamovich, born 28 April 1930 at Tashkent, he graduated in 1951 from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent State University, received his first degree for a thesis on «Ce~CTaHcK. sonpoc», and gained his doctorate in 1981 for 5yxapcK. xeucmeo u Moeonsc« J.1HOUfi eo emopoa non. XVI- nepeoii non. XVIII a. Since 1978 he held a chair at the Faculty of History in the Tashkent State University. His writings include J.13 ucmopuu cpeaneesuemcxo-unouccsu» omnoiuenuii IX-XVIII ee. (1969), 04epKu ucmopuu KynbmypHblx cafl3elJ CpeoHelJ A3UU u J.1Houu a XVI-Ha4ane XX ee. (1981), and numerous works on Islamic India in Uzbek. Miliband2 Nizard, Alfred, born 20th cent., he was a demographer who was joint author of Population de la Z.U.P. des Minguettes a Venissieux au 31 mars 1969 (1972), and Les Causes de oeces en France de 1925 a 1978 (1987). LC Nizzoli Marucchi, Amalia, born 18th cent., she was the niece of a private physician of a defterdar bey, and the wife of Giuseppe Nizzoli, secretary at the Austrian consulate in Egypt. She first arrived in Alexandria in 1819 and stayed for a long time in Egypt. She was well acquainted with Arabic. Her writings include Memorie sull'Egitto, e specialmente sui costumi delle donne orientali e gli harem (1841). IndBiltal (2) Noack, Ulrich, born 2 June 1899 at Darmstadt, he studied history and philosophy at Berlin, Gottingen and MOnchen, and received a Dr.phil. in 1925 and a Dr.habil. in 1929. He was from 1941 to 1945 a lecturer at Greifswald, and from 1946 to 1964 he held the chair of history at WOrzburg. Politically he stood for German neutrality. In 1951 he founded the political group "Freie Mitte" and until 1957 he was the editor of its publication, Welt ohne Krieg. On his sixtieth birthday he was honoured by Ein Leben aus freier Mitte (1961). He died in WOrzburg, 14 November 1974. Bioln 3; OtBE; KOrschner, 1935-1970; NOB; Wer ist wer, 1950-1971/73

Nobili Vitelleschi, Francesco, marchese, born in 1829 at Roma, he became a senator in 1871. His writings, partly under the pseudonym Pomponio Leto, include Otto mesi a Roma durante iI Concilio Vaticano (1873), and its translation, The Vatican Council; eight months at Rome during the Vatican Council: impressions (1876). He died in 1906. Gubernatis 3; IndBiital (1) Noblemaire, Georges, born in 1867, he wrote En Conge; Egypte, Ceylan, sud de I'Inde (1897), Aux Indes; Madras, Nizam, Cashmire, Bengale (1898), and La Republique liberale (1906). NUC, pre-1956 Vicomte de Noe, Louis Robert Jean, fl. 1859-1862, he was a colonel in the French army whose writings include Souvenirs d'Afrique et d'Orient; les Bachi-Bozouks et les chasseurs d'Afrique (Paris, 1861), and Trente jours a Messine en 1861 (Paris, 1861). BN; Note

Noe, Samuel VanArsdale, born 26 April 1910 at Springfield, Ky., he graduated in 1922 from Centre College, Danville, Ky., and received an M.A. from Columbia University. He was a superintendent of schools in the south and southwest of the U.S.A. He was joint author of A master plan for the Fourth Street area (Cincinnati, 1966), and The campus and its neighbors (Cincinnati, 1971). He died in 1972. Master (1); WhAm 6

Noel, capitaine A. H., born 19th cent., he was in 1915 chief of the Bureau des Affaires indigenes at Mecheria, Algeria. Note Noel, Edward William Charles, born in 1886, he was a graduate of the Royal Military College, Woolwich. He served in 1915 as vice-consul at Ahwaz, in 1924 as political agent at Kurram, and in 1929 as consul for Kirman and Persian Baluchistan. From 1933 to 1938 he was commissioner for agriculture, North West Frontier Province, India. Britlnd (2); IndianBiind (1); Who, 1921-1959 Noel, Ernest Emile, born 22 November 1922 at Constantinople, he was a graduate of l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, and since 1949 affiliated with the European Community movement. His writings include La Fusion des institutitons europeennes et la fusion des communeutes eurcpeennes (1966), and Working together (1988). He died 24 August 1996. WhoFr, 1989/90-1995/96 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Noel, Georges Pierre, born in 1884, he received a medical doctorate in 1910 from the Universite de Bordeaux for De la greffe cuienee par transplantation totale. He later served as a medecin-mejor with the Troupes Coloniales. His writings include Petit manuel fran9ais-kanouri (1923). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Noel, John Baptist Lucius, born in 1890, he went to school in Lausanne, graduated from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and served with the East Yorkshire Regiment stationed in Calcutta. Every summer he spent his annual leave wandering the border country of Sikkim, trying to find ways into forbidden Tibet and reaching Mount Everest. In 1913 he finally succeeded in getting within forty miles, nearer at that time than any white man had been. During the Great War he served with Intelligence in northern Persia. When taken prisoner by the Germans, he escaped. After the war, he was sent on a horseback reconnaissance to the south of the Caspian Sea. But Everest became his destiny. Having resigned his commission, he became official photographer and film-maker to both the 1922 and 1924 expeditions. For many years he toured with his Everest lecture. His writings include Through Tibet to Everest (c1927, 1989). He died in March 1989, shortly after his 99th birthday. Bioln 17; Britlnd (1); Geographical jouma/155 (1989), pp. 445-446

Noel, Octave Eugene, born in 1846 at Oissy (Seine-et-Oise), he was a professor at l'Ecole des hautes etudes commerciales, president of the Societe de geographie commerciale de Paris, and vicepresident of the Federation des industriels et des commercants francals. His writings include Principes d'economie politique et sociale (1912-13). He died in 1918. Note; NUC, pre-1956 Noel-Buxton, Noel Edward, born 9 January 1869 at London, he was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a philanthropist and politician whose travels in the Balkans at the turn of the century captured his enduring interest. He was wounded by a political assassin, in 1914, while engaged on a mission aimed at securing the adhesion of the Balkans to the cause of the Allies. His writings include Europe and the Turks (1909), Balkan problems and European peace (1919), and Oppressed peoples and the League of Nations (1922). He was joint author of Travel and politics in Armenia (1914). He died 12 September 1948. DNB; Who, 1909-1943; Who was who, 4 Noel Des Vergers, Joseph Marin Adolphe, 1805-1867 see Desvergers, Marie Joseph Adolphe Noel Noetling, Fritz (Friedrich) Wilhelm, born 17 july 1857 at Mannheim, he studied at the Polytechnikum Karsruhe and the universities in Bonn, StraBburg and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. for Die Entwicklung der Trias in Niederschlesien. He was a sometime geologist in the service of the Indian Geological Service. His writings include Fauna of Baluchistan and North West Frontier of India (18951902). Thesis Nogues, Auguste Charles Albert Paul (or Charles Albert Auguste Paul), general, born in 1876 at Monleon-Maqnoac (Haute-Pyrenees), he was a graduate of l'Ecole Polytechnique and spent most of his career in North Africa. In Tunsia since 1908, he served from 1909 to 1911 with the Division d'Oran in campaigns in the region of Bou Denib and la Moulaya. In 1928 he became directeur of the Affaires indigenes at Rabat. Resident general au Maroc since 1936, he became in 1939 commandant en chef of the French forces in Morocco. In June 1940 he followed orders from Marshall Petain. He remained at his post until June 1943, when he resigned and retired to Portugal. After the war he was sentenced in absencia to twenty years at hard labour for blocking French resistance efforts in Morocco. In 1955 the Government of Edgard Faure used the general's good offices to solve the problem of the return of Muhammad V to Morocco. He died in Paris on 20 April 1971. CurBio,1943; DBFC,1954/55; NYT, 22 April 1971, p. 44, col. 3; WhoFr, 1961/62-1971/72

Noin, Daniel Jean Henri, born in 1930 at Ecouen (Seine-et-Oise), he was educated at tycee Chaptal, Paris, and l'Ecole normal superieure, Saint-Cloud. He received his agregation in geography as well as a doctorate in lettres and successively served as a professor at Bordeaux, Casablanca, Rabat, Poitiers and Rouen. His writings include La Population rurale du Maroc (1970), and he edited The changing population of Europe (1993). WhoFr, 1979/80-2002/2003 Noirot, Adolphe, born in 1829, he had a brief legal career in the Cour d'appel de Paris. Since 1852 he was affiliated with Algeria, first at the Ministry of War and, since 1858, at the Ministere special de l'Algerie et des Colonies. For a brief period he was an editor of the Spectateur. In 1859 he founded the Revue de I'Algerie, which later became Revue du monde colonial, asiatique et emencein; it ceased publication when he drowned accidentally in the Marne near Chaumont on 18 July 1865. His writings include L'lsthme de Suez (1863), and he was joint author of Guide du visiteur a I'exposition permanente de I'Algerie et des colonies (1860). Revue du monde colonial, asiatique et emeticein 16 (1865), pp. 161-165 Noja, Sergio, born 20th cent., his writings include Gatalogo dei manuscritti orientali della Biblioteca nazionale di Torino (1974), Maometto, profeto dell'islam (1974), L'lslam e iI suo Gorano (1989), he

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33 edited II Kitab a/-Kaftr del Samaritani (1970), and he jointly translated from the Arabic of al-Bukhari, Detti e fatti del profeta dell'is/am (1982). LC Baron von Nolde (Honsae), Eduard, born 16 April 1849 in Kurland, he never finished school and became a restless wanderer. He did military service in several countries and was a sometime commissioner of Spirits Excise in Vitebsk Gouvernement. He visited Africa with a view to hunting. On 1 January 1893 he set out from Damascus on a journey to central Arabia, crossing the Nafud to Ha'il and 'Unayzah (Aneiza), three stages south of which he reached the encampment of the Wahhabi ruler Ibn Rashid. He then returned on the Sobeideh route to the Black Sea by way of Baghdad, Mosul, Bitlis, Erzerum, and Trebzon, where he took a boat to Constantinople. He wrote Reise nach Innerarabien, Kurdistan und Armenien, 1892 (1895). He committed suicide in London, 11 March 1895. Henze; NUC, pre-1956

Noldeke, Arnold Wilhelm Paul OUo, born 12 July 1875 at Essen, he studied architecture at Technische Hochschule Berlin, and Hannover. From 1902 to 1909 he was a member of the German archaeological expedition at Babylon. He subsequently studied at Orientalisches Seminar, Berlin, and received a Dr.phil. in 1909 from the Unlversitat Erlangen for Das Heiligtum a/-Husains zu Kerba/a. His writings include Vorlaufiger Bericht abet die in Uruk unternommenen Ausgrabungen (1929). Thesis

Noldeke, Theodor, born 2 March 1836 at Harburg, he received his Dr.phil. in 1856 at Gottingen for De origine et compositione Surarum qoranicarum ipsiusque Qorani. He was a professor at Kiel until 1872, when he was appointed a professor at the Universitat Strar1burg, where spent forty-eight years. He was the leading Semitic scholar in the West for two generations. His writings include Geschichte des Korans (1860), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Poesie der alten Araber (1863), and the translation of alTabarT's Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden (1879). He died in 1930. Bioln 11; DtBE; DtBiind (5); EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; FOck, pp. 217-220; Index Islamicus (8); KOrschner, 1925-1928; Pallas; RNL; Wer ist's, 1909-1928

Nolin, Kenneth Edward, born in 1927, he was in 1964 and 1965 affiliated with the American Hospital, Asyut and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Hartford Seminary Foundation for The "ttaen: and its sources. Note; Selim

Noll, Ned, b. 19th cent. see Ned Noll Nolte, Richard Henry, born 27 December 1920 at Duluth, Minn., he graduated in 1943 from Yale University, New Haven, Conn., and subsequently went to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. He was for some years affiliated with the American Universitites Field Service, producing several reports on Egypt. He was a sometime editor of the Modern Middle East and served in 1967 as an ambassador to Egypt. He later worked as a consultant. Shavit; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; Note; WhoAm, 1976/77-2002

Nominkhanov, Denislav TSeren-Dorzhi(evich), born in 1898 in Rostov Oblast, he was a Turkologist and Mongolian scholar who received a doctorate in 1966. He was affiliated with the Tashkent Branch of the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include B eounoi: ceMbe (1967), OlfepKu ucmopuu Kynbmypbl KanMb/~Koao Hapooa (1969), Mamepuanbl u u3YlfeHuIO ucmopuu KanMb/~Koao fl3blKa (1975),and OlfepK ucmopuu KanMb/~Koao nUCbMeHHocmu (1976). He died in Elista, 3 August 1967. KazakSE

Nonneman, Gerd, born 16 May 1959, he received a doctorate, worked in Iraq and taught Middle Easter politics at Manchester, Exeter and International University of Japan, before becoming a lecturer in international relations in Lancaster University. His writings include Iraq, the Gulf states and the war (1986), Iraq's relation with the Arab Gulf (1986), Development, administration and aid in the Middle East (1988), and he was joint editor of Muslim communities in the new Europe (1996). DrBSMES, 1993; Note

Noon, Malik Sir Firoz Khan, born in 1893, he was educated at Lahore and Oxford and became a lawyer in the Lahore High Court. He later entered politics. His writings include Canada and India (1939), India (1941), and Scented dust (1942). The University of Toronto granted him an honorary LL.D. He died in 1970.

Bioln 5; CurBio, 1957; Who, 1946-1969; Who was who 6

Noonan, Thomas Schaub, born 20 January 1938 at N.Y.C., he graduated in 1959 from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., and received a Ph.D. in 1965 from Indiana University, Bloomington, for The Dnieper trade route in Kievan Russia, 900-1140. Since 1966 he was affiliated with the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, where he served from 1981 to 1991 as chairman of the Department of Russian and East European Studies. DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; WhoAm, 1986/87-20011

Noorduyn, Jacobus, born in 1926, he received a doctorate in 1955 from the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden for Een achttiende-eeuwse kroniek van Wadjo. He was a sometime directeur-secretaris of the Dutch Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde His writings include Is/amisering van Makassar Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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and its translation, Is/amisasi Makassar (1972), and A critical survey of studies on the languages of Salawesi (1991). On his retirement in 1991 he was honoured by Excursies in Celebes; een bundel bijdragen bij het afscheid van J. Noorduyn. He died in 1994. liAS newsletter 3 (1994), p. 45 [not sighted]

Norberg, Matthias, born in 1747 at Natra, Angermanland, Sweden, to a family of modest substance, he consequently suffered many privations in his education. He eventually became a school teacher at Lund and in 1768 began to study first Semitic languages at Uppsala and later also Turkish at Constantinople. Until his retirement in 1820 he was a professor at Lund. His writings include Lexidion codicis Nasaraci (1816), and Turkiska Rikets annalen (1822). He died in Uppsala on 11 January 1826. Revue de I'Orient 6 (1857), pp. 98-108; ScBlnd (2); SMK

Norbye, Ole David Koht, born 18 April 1919 at Oslo, he studied economics at the Universitetet and later at the University of Wisconsin. He was a statistician at Oslo, before he became affiliated with international institutions. He was an economic adviser to Pakistan from 1959 to 1961, to Kenya from 1965 to 1968, and to the Sudan from 1974 to 1975. His writings include Development prospects of Pakistan (1968), and Farvel til fattingdommen? (1969). WhoWor, 1982/83

Nord, Erich, born 10 May 1881 at Stofsen near Naumburg, Prussia, he received a Dr.jur. in 1903 from the Universitat Rostock for Die rechtliche Natur der Besitzobertragung. He SUbsequently served as a dragoman trainee at Constantinople until 1918. In 1919 he entered the foreign service as a consul. Since 1925 he was consul at Jerusalem. His writings include the translation, Das tOrkische Strafgesetzbuch vom 28. Zilhidje 1274 (1912). He died in 1935. DtBilnd (2); KOrschner, 1926, 1928/29; RHbDtG Norden, Frederik Ludvig, born 22 October 1708 at GIOckstadt, Holstein, he was a Danish naval captain. The Danish king in 1738 sent him on a one-year mission of exploration to Egypt, a journey which he described in Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie (1755), its translation, Beschreibung seiner Reise durch Egypten und Nubien (1779), and The antiquities, natural history, ruins, and other curiosities of Egypt, Nubia, and Thebes (1780). He died in Paris, 21 September 1742. Marie Louise Buhl and T. Holck Colding wrote The Danish naval officer Frederik Ludvig Norden (1986). DanskBL; DanskBL2; DNB; Dawson; DtBilnd (2); Egyptology; EncicUni; GDU; Sezgin

Nordenfalk, Carl Adam Johan, born 13 December 1907 at Stockholm, he studied at Uppsala and Goteborq, where he received a Dr.Fil. in 1938 for Die spatantiken Kanontafeln. He was from 1935 to 1944 a curator at the Konstmuseet, Goteburq, and subsequently served at the Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, until his retirement in 1969, the last ten years of which as its director. His writings include sevres et les cinq sens (1984), and Early medieval book illustration (1988). He died 13 June 1992. IntWW,1974/75-1992/93; Vem er aet. 1969-1991; Whowor, 1974/75

Nordenstam, Tore Sigvard, born 2 December 1934 at Nykoping, Sweden, he studied at Goteborg, Stockholm, Uppsala and Oxford, gaining doctorates in 1961 at Goteborg and in 1965 at Khartoum. He was a lecturer from 1961 to 1966 at Khartoum, and SUbsequently served successively as a professor of philosophy at Umea and Bergen. His writings include Sudanese ethics (1968), and Afrikas universitet (1970). Hvem erhvem, 1984, 1994; WhoWor, 1978/79, 1991/92

Nordio, Mario, born 20th cent., he was in 1980 affiliated with the Seminario di iranistica, uralo-altaistica e caucasologia dell'Universita degli studi di Venezia. His writings include Lessico dei logogrammi aramaici in medio-persiano (Venezia, 1980). LC; Note Nordmann, Charles Bernard, born in 1881, he received a doctorate in 1903 at Paris for Essai sur Ie role des ondes herztiennes en astronomie physique. He was a director of the Observatoire, Paris. His writings include Notre maitre Ie temps, les astres et les heures, Einstein et Bergson (1924), and its translation, The tyranny of time, Einstein or Bergson? (1925). He died in 1940. CurBio, 1940; Master (1) Nores, Edmond, born 19th cent., he was in 1903 a judge in the Tribunal of Batna Departemsnt, Algeria. His writings include Essai de codification du droit musulman algerien (Alger, 1909), L'(Euvre de la France en Algerie; la justice (Paris, 1931), and Traite tneonque et pratique des successions et testaments en droit mosetque et droit musulman (Alger, 1933). BN; Note; NUC, pre-1956 Norin, Luc, born 20th cent., his writings include Une Culture appelee demain (Bruxelles, 1976), and he edited an Anthologie de la littereture arabe contemporaine (Paris, 1964-67). Norman, Sir Henry, born in 1858 at Leicester, he was educated privately in France and studied at Harvard and the Universitat Leipzig. He was a journalist and politician who travelled extensively. His writings include All the Russias; travels and studies in contemporary European Russia, Finland, Siberia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia (1902). He died in 1939. Britlnd (5); Who,1909-35; Who was who 3

Normand, Robert, born in 1873, he was an army general whose writings include Colonnes dans Ie Levant (1924). He died in 1932. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Norov (Noroff), Avram Sergeevich, born in 1795, he travelled in the Levant, 1834-35 and 1861-62, and brought back to Russia Egyptian antiquities as well as Oriental manuscripts. He was a sometime minister of public education. His writings include Itymeiuecmeie no Eaunmy u Hy6iu eb 1834-1835 a. (1840), ttymeuieomeie no CeRmou 3eMne e 1835 aooy (1844), Itymeusecmeie Kb ceuu ~epKeaMb, eb Anosenuncuce (1847), JlTepycanuM U CUHau (1878), and the translations, Die sieben Kirchen der Offenbarung St. Johannis; Reiseerinnerungen aus Kleinasien (1860), and Meine Reise nach Palastina (1862). He died in 1869. Egyptology; EnSlovar; Krachkovskii; NUC, pre-1956 Norris, David Thomas, born in 1875, he became an admiral in the Royal Navy. With the rank of commodore he was sent to Enzeli, Persia, in August 1918 with a naval party to take control of Caspian shipping. The British Naval Mission was withdrawn in September 1919. He died in 1937. Who, 19291936; Who was who 3; Wright, p. 177, footnote

Norris, Harry Thirlwall, born 24 June 1926 at Harrow, England, he received a Ph.D. in 1968 for Sinqiti folk literatureand song. He subsequently served for over thirty years from senior lecturer to professor emeritus of Arabic and Islamic studies at SOAS. He was a member of the Fontes Historiae Africanae Committee, British Academy. His writings include The Adventures of Antar (1980), Sufi mystics of the Niger desert (1990), and Islam and the Balkans (1993), and he edited and translated The Pilgrimage of Ahmad, son of the little bird of paradise (1977). He died in 2001. ConAu 160; Private; WrDr, 2000-2003 Northedge, Alastair E., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. and was in 1993 a lecturer in Islamic art and archaeology in the Centre d'histoire de I'art et d'archeoloqie, Universite de Paris-Sorbonne. His writings include Studies on Roman and Islamic Amman (1992), and he was joint author of Excavations at ~na, Qal'a Island (1988). DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES,1993; LC Duke of Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 1792-1865 see Percy, Lord Algernon, Baron Prudhoe

Norton, Augustus Richard, born 25 September 1946 at N.V.C., he graduated in 1974 from the University of Miami and subsequently studied at military colleges, taking Arabic at the Defense Language Institute. He received his Ph.D. in 1984 from the University of Chicago for Harakat Amal and the political mobilization of the Shi'a of Lebanon. He was since 1983 a professor of comparative politics in the Department of Social Sciences, U.S. Military Academy, West Point. His writings include Amal and the Shi'a (1987), Civil society in the Middle East (1995), and he was joint author of UN peacekeepers (1990), and Political tides in the Arab world (1991). ConAu 113, new rev. 48; IntAu&W, 19862001/2002; WhoAm, 1990-1999; WhoE, 1989/90, 1991/92; WrDr, 1986/88-2003; Note; Selim2

Norton, Blanche, born 19th cent., she was a practising physician in Weehawken, N.J. In 1921 she was sent to the Pontic region by the Near East Relief to supervise orphanages and estblish clinics. For her work in saving the sight of children afflicted with trachoma, she received from King Alexander of Greece a military decoration not previously bestowed upon a woman. Note Norton, John D., fl. 1974, he was a member of the Centre for Turkish Studies in the University of Durham and in 1993 its director. DrBSMES, 1993; Note Norton, Richard, born 9 February 1872 at Dresden, he graduated in 1892 from Harvard and subsequently studied archaeology in Germany and at Athens. He was a sometime director of the Archaeological Institute of America and in 1912 led an expedition to Cyrenaica. He died 2 August 1918. Bioln3; Master (1); Shavit; WhAm 1; Whowaswho2 Norton, W. J. E., born early 20th cent., he was in 1956 the leader of the Cambridge University Expedition to the Elburz Mountains. Note Norton, William Harmon, born in 1856 at Willoughby, Ohio, he graduated from Cornell College, Iowa, and subsequently taught Latin and Greek, before becoming a museum curator from 1882 to 1923. Concurrently he served as a professor of geology. His writings include The elements of geology (1905). He died in 1944 or 1946. Bioln 1; Master (4); WhAm 2 Nosenko, Vladimir Ivanovich, born 7 May 1944 at Moscow, he graduated in 1967 from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations and received his first degree in 1977. Since 1968 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Sciences. He was joint author of Soviet studies on the Middle East (Tel-Aviv, 1991), and he was joint editor of CUOHU3M e cucmeue uuneouanU3Ma (1988), and CCCP u mpemuti MUp (1991). Miliband2 Nossig, Alfred, born 18 April 1864 at Lemberg, Galicia, he studied law and political economy at the Universitat Lemberg and gained a Dr.jur. in 1888. He was a sculptor, journalist and playwright but, most of all, a Zionist leader. In the interwar years he lived in Germany and since 1939 in Poland. He was from 1940 to 1943 an undercover agent in the Warszawa Ghetto. He was killed by a Jewish

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resistance group on 22 February 1943. His writings, partly under the pseudonyms Pascal, Puk, and Stwosz, include Revision des Sozialismus (Berlin, 1901), Zur Losung des Palastina-Problems (Wien, 1919), and Zionism us und Judenheit (Berlin, 1922). Bioln 16; DtBE; DtBiind (2); Master (2); OBl; Polski (7); PSB

Notermans, Jozef (Jet) Maria Godfried, born 30 April 1898 at Maastrich, he studied liberal arts at Hogeschool, Batavia, the Universite catholique de Louvain, and trained at Tilburg as a secondary school teacher. He was a teacher at Maastrich until 1937, when he was sent to Batavia as a teacher. In 1947 he began a career as lecturer in the Universiteit van lndonesle, He edited Een abel spel ende een edel dinc van den Hertoghe van Bruyswijc, Gloriant (Groningen, 1948), and Een abel spel van Esmorei (Zwolle, 1955). Wie is dat, 1948, 1956; WhoNl, 1962/63 Noth, Albrecht, born 23 September 1937 at KOnigsberg, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1964 from the Universitat Bonn for Heiliger Krieg und heiliger Kampf im Islam und Christen tum. From 1976 until his death on 22 February 1999 he was a professor of Islamic studies at Hamburg. His writings include Quellenkritische Studien zu Themen, Formen und Tendenzen frOhislamischer Geschichtsliteratur (1973). KOrschner, 1976-1996; Note; Schwarz; Welt des Islams 40 (2000), pp. 1-6 Nott, John, born in 1751 at Worcester, he gained a medical doctorate. In 1783 he travelled to China as surgeon in an East Indian vessel; during his absence of three years learned Persian. He also was a classical scholar whose writings include The Poems of Caius Valerius Catullus, in English verse (1795), and Petrarch translated (1808). He died in 1825. DNB Nourry, Emile Dominique, born in 1870, he was a folklorist who also used the pseudonym Pierre Saintyves. His writings include Corpus du folklore prehistorique en France et dans les colonies trenceises (1934-36), Manuel de folklore (1936), and L'Astrologie populaire etudiee specialement dans les doctrines et les traditions relatives a /'influence de la lune (1937). He died in 1935. IndexBFr2 (1) Nouschi, Andre, born 10 December 1922 at Constantine, Algeria, he was successively a professor of economic history at Oran, Constantine, Metz, Alger, Tunis and Nice. His writings include La Naissance du nationalisme algerien (1962), and he was joint author of L'Algerie, passe et present; Ie cadre et les etepes de la constitution de 1'Algerie actuelle (Paris, 1960). EURAMES,1993; Note; Unesco Noussimbaum, Leo, 1905-1942 see Essad Bey de Nouvion, Georges, born 19th cent., he wrote Charles Coquelin; sa vie et ses travaux (1908), Monopole et liberte, a work which won him an award from the Societe d'economique politique de Paris in 1908, and La Monopole des assurances (1918). His trace is lost after an article inthe Journal des economistes in 1930. NUC, pre-1956

Novak, Vlastimil, born 9 September 1964 at FiYdek, Czechoslovakia, he studied Arabic at Universita Karlova, Praha, where he also received a doctorate for Fatimovske a postfatimovske sktenen« tetany. He was since 1984 a curator at the Numismatic Section, Naprstkova Muzea, Praha. Filipsky Novati, Francesco, born 10 January 1859 at Cremona, he was a palaeographer, archaeologist, folklorist and philologist. He was a professor of comparative history of neo-Latin literature at Reale Accademia scientifico-Ietteraria di Milano, except briefly serving at Palermo and Genova. His writings include Le opere minori di Dante Alighieri (1906). He died in San Remo, 27 December 1915. Encltaliana; IndBiltaliana (9)

Novati, Giampolo Calchi, 1935- see Calchi Novati, Giampolo Novell, Charles Edward, born 14 July 1904 at Fresno, Calif., he was a graduate of Leland Stanford State University and received his Ph.D. in 1932 from the University of California at Berkeley for The British invasions of Rio de la Plata. He was affiliated with San Diego State and Fresno State universities, before he joined the Department of History in the University of Illinois, Urbana, in 1942. He became a professor emeritus in 1969. His writings include A History of Portugal (1952), its translation, Histoire du Portugal (1953), and The Great discoveries and the first colonial empires (1954). He died in Fresno, 5 May 1984. DrAS, 1969 F; HispanicAmericanhistoriclreview67 (1987), pp. 497-498 Novgorodova, Eleonora Afanas'evna, born 6 March 1933 at Moscow, she graduated in 1956 from the Faculty of History, Moscow, and received her first degree in 1965 for L/eHmpanbHaR A3UR u KapacyKCKaR np06neMa, a work which was published in 1970. She was since 1964 affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include Alte Kunst der Mongolei (1980), Mup nempoernupoe Moneonuu (1984), and ,lJpeBHRR MOHaonuR (1989). Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Schoeberlein Novichev, Aron Davydovich, born in 1902 in Vinnitsa Oblast, Ukraine, he graduated in 1925 at Leningrad, gained a doctorate in 1959, and was appointed a professor in 1962. His writings include 3KoHoMuKa TYP4UU B nepuoo MUpOBOil BoilHbl (1935), 04epKu 3KOHOMUKU TYP4UU 00 MUpOBOil BoilHbl Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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(1937), AapapHoe sesonooemenecmeo coeoeuennoc Typu,uu (1942), Mcmopufl pa604eao «necce Typu,uu (1958), Kpecmutncmeo Typu,uiJ a noeeiuuee apeMfi (1959), and Typuu»; «pemne» ucmooun (1965). He died 25 September 1987. Miliband; Miliband2

Novikoff, Olga, 1848-1925 see Novikov, Ol'ga Alekseevna Novikov, Nikolai Vasil'evich, born in 1903, he was a diplomat who served as a Soviet ambassador to the U.S.A. His writings include Flymu u nepenymbfl ounnoveme (1976), Mupa>K "opeenusoeennoeo otiiuncmee" (1974), BocnOMUHaHUfi ounnoueme; 3anUCKU, 1938-1947 (1989), its Arabic translation in 1990, and also the translations, Organizational society (1972), and Das Trugbild der "organisierten" Gesellschaft (1978). Bioln 1 (2); CurBio, 1947, pp. 476-78 Novikov (Novikoff), Ol'ga Aleseevna nee Kireeff - "O.K.," born in 1848, she was married to a lieut.general and became a journalist and political agent in London. Her writings, published in London, include Is Russia wrong? (1877), Russia and England from 1876 to 1880 (1880), Skobeleff and the Slavonic cause (1883), and Russian memories (1916). She died in 1925. Who was who 2; Who, 1903-1921 Novitskii, Vasilii Feodorovich, born in 1869 at Radom, Russian Poland, he was a Soviet military historian and a professor whose writings include Russia and the Allies in the Great War (1924), and Mupoaafl eotine 1914-1918 e.e. (1926). He died in Moscow in 1929. GSE; Master (1); Wieczynski Novosel'tsev, Anatolii Petrovich, born 26 July 1933 at Irkutsk, he graduated in 1955 from the Faculty of History at Moscow, and received his first degree in 1959 for Foooae A3ep6aiJo>KaHa u Bocmo-moi: ApMeHuu a XVII-XVIII ee., and his doctorate in 1973 for ttymu peseumun u ocotienuocmu epeooanbHoiJ epopMau,uu a cmpenex 3aKaaKa3bfl. His writings include ,apHaHepyccKoe eocyoeomeo u eeo Me>Koyuepoonoe snevenue (1965). Miliband; Miliband2 Novotny, Alexander, born 17 January 1906 at Pola, Istria, he was a professor of modern history, successively at Graz and Wien. His writings include Staatskanzler Kaunitz als geistige Personlichkeit (1947), 1848; Osterreichs Ringen um Freiheit und Volkerfrieden (1948), Osterreich, die TOrkei und das Balkanproblem im Jahre des Berliner Kongresses (1957), and Franz Josef I (1968). He died in Wien on 4 February 1986. KUrschner, 1950-1987; WhoAustria, 1959/60 Novruzov, T. A., fl. 1962, he wrote Tpyooable nooeueu «onxosnoeo KeCUbflHcmaa A3ep6aiJo>KaHa a nepuoo Benusot: Omeuecmeonuoc aoiJHbl (1963). NUC, 1956-77 Nowack, Ernst, born 9 October 1891 at Mnischek, Bohemia, he studied geography and geology at Karls Universltat, Prag, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1914. He subsequently became an assistant at Montanistische Hochschule Loeben, Austria, 1922-1924. He concurrently served as state geologist to the Government of Albania. In the service of the Turkish Government he led several geological expeditions to various parts of the country, 1926-27. From 1930 to 1932 he was engaged in oil exploration in the Valona area, Albania, and from 1934 to 1939 he conducted scientific explorations in many parts of eastern Africa. During the second World War he served as an officer with the Engineers in the Balkans. His writings include Beitrage zur Geologie Albaniens (1923-26), Der nordalbanische Erzbezirk (1926), and Land und Volk der Konso, SOd-Athiopien (1954). He died on 7 March 1946. DtBE; Kosch; KUrschner, 1926-1940/41; OBl

Nowland, John L., born 20th cent., he wrote in the 1970s a number of articles on the aqricultural productivity of soils in various parts of Canada for the country's Department of Agriculture. lC; NUC Noyes, Henry Varnum, he was a missionary in China who, on 5 January 1873, preached a sermon at Canton entitled The universal extension of the Christian Church. Lodwick; NUC, pre-1956 NObel, Hans Ulrich, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1959 from the Universitat Bonn for Davids Aufstieg in der frOhen israelistischen Geschichtsschreibung. He became a professor of theology at Freiburg im Breisgau. His writings include Die neue Diakonie; Teilhabe statt Preisgabe (1984). KUrschner, 1983, 1980; lC; NUC, 1968-1972 Nucho, Fuad N., fl. 1971 at Yeadon, Pa., he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, Philadelphia, Pa., for al-Kindi's treatise on first philosophy. Selim Nugent, Maria (Mary) nee Skinner, born in 1771, she was married to Sir George Nugent, 1757-1849. She wrote A journal from the year 1811 till the year 1815, including a voyage to, and residence in, India, with a tour to the north western parts of the British possessions in that country (1839). She died in 1834. BlC; Robinson, pp. 217-218

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Nuin Monreal, Milagros, born 20h cent., she received a doctorate in Semitic philology, with reference to Islam and the Arabs. She was a sometime professora agregada at the Escuela Oficial de Idiomas, Madrid. Arabismo, 1992; EURAMES, 1993 de Nully, E., fl. 1852, he was joint author of Dictionnaire frangais-berbere (Paris, 1844). BN

Nunemaker, John Horace, born in 1897 at Harrisburg, Pa., he received a Ph.D. in 1928 from the University of Wisconsin. He was a professor of modern languages, who from 1918-1919 served with the Medical Department of the U.S. Army. His writings include Foreign language pronunciation (1941). He died in 1949. WhAm 3 Nurdzhanov (Nurjonov), Nizami Khabibulaevich, born 18 December 1923 at Bukhara, he graduated in 1947 from the Stalinabad State Pedagogical Institute, received his first degree in 1951 for a thesis on «lI1CTOKlII aapoziaoro rearpa y Ta.Q>KlIIKOB», and his doctorate in 1973 for a monograph. Since 1958 he was affiliated with the Institute of History in the Tajik Academy of Science. His writings include TaO>KUKCKUU HapooHble meamp (1956), ncmopu« maO>KUKCKOao coeemcxoeo meampa, 1917-1941 (1967), and TaO>KUKCKUU HapooHble opaMa (1985), and he was joint author of MycblKanbHoe uckyccmeo naMupa (1978). Miliband2 ; Schoeberlein Nurmekund, Pent Peetovich, born in 1906 in Estonia, he graduated in 1935 from the Faculty of Philology at Tartu. He received degrees in 1935 and 1968. He edited aiunno-veopcxue HapooHbl U Bocmo« (1975), and fl3blKU U Kynbmypa neooooe Bocmoxe U ux peuettuu« a EcmoHuu (1981). Baltisch

(1); Miliband; Miliband2

Nurmukhanbetov, Bekmukhanbet N., born 17 May 1935, he was a writer on archaeology and affiliated with the Institute of Archaeology in the Kazakstan Academy of Science. Schoeberlein Nurse, Ronald Joseph, born 25 January 1939 at Forest, Ont., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Michigan State University, Ann Arbor, for America must not sleep; the development of John F. Kennedy's foreign policy attitudes, 1947-1960. He was a professor of American diplomatic history and since 1971 affiliated in various capacities with Virginia Polytech Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va. DrAS, 1978 H, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995 Nuruddin Chowdhury, A. H. M. see Chowdhury, A. H. M. Nuruddin Nurudlnovlc, Bisera, born 20th cent., she was the compiler of Bibliografija jugoslovenske orijentalisiike

=Bibliography of Yugoslav orientalists, 1945-1960, 1961-1965, and 1918-1945, published in Sarajevo in 1968, 1981, and 1986, respectively.

LC

NuBbaum, Heinz, born 16 July 1943 at Bad Reichenhall, Germany, he studied political science at Salzburg and subsequently worked as a journalist for the Viennese Kurier. Since 1990 he was a senior civil servant for press and information with the Austrian Government. His writings include Nachstes Jahr in Jerusalem (1970), and Khomeini, Revolutionsr in Allahs Namen (1979). WhoAustria, 1996 Nusupbekov, Akai Nusupbekovich, born 9 December 1909 at Zhalanash, Kazakstan, he gained a doctorate in history in 1961 and was appointed a profesor in 1963. He was affiliated with the Kazakstan Academy of Science. His writings include (/)anbcuC/JuKaL(UR ucmopuu u ucmcouvecsen npeeoe (1964), and Bonpocu ucmopuu Kesexcmene (1989). He died in Alma Ata on 28 August 1983. Kesexcxe« CCP «oeme» 3HtJ,UJKeHUe e /I1paKe, 19171958 88. Since 1984 he was a director of the Oriental Institute of the Armenian Academy of Sciences. His writings include Heuuonensno-cceoionumensue» 60pb6a e /I1paKe, 1954-1963 (1964), 06pa30eaHue neseeucuuou CUpUUCKOU pecnytinuxu, 1939-1946 (1968), and he edited /I1cnaM s nonumulfeCKOU >KU3HU cmpen coeoeuennoeo 5nU>KHe80 U coeoneeo Bocmose (1986). Miliband; Miliband2 Ogel, Semra, born in 1932 at istanbul, she was an art historian whose writings include Der Kuppelraum in der tarkiscnen Architektur (1972), Anadolu Selguklu senett Ozerine gorO§ler (1986), and Anadolu'nun Selguklu cenresi (1994). LC Ogilvie, Alan Grant, born in 1887 at Edinburgh, he graduated from Magdalen College, Oxford, to which studies at Berlin, London, and Paris were added later. From 1912 until the outbreak of the war he was assistant demonstrator in geography at Oxford. After service in France, the Dardanelles and Salonika, he was promoted to the General Staff and rendered valuable service to the Intelligence Section at the War Office and later to the British Peace Delegation in Paris. In 1919, he was appointed reader in geography at Manchester, and in 1920 he became head of the Hispanic American Division of the American Geographical Society of New York. Since 1923 he was at Edinburgh, where he held the chair of geography since 1931. His death took place in sudden circumstances at a meeting of the Scottish Geographical Society, 10 February 1954. He published the pamphlet, Some aspects of boundary settlement at the Peace Conference (1922). Scottish geographical magazine 70 (1954), pp. 1-5; Who, 1929-1953; Who was who, 5

Ogilvie, Charles Lawrence, born in 1881, he was a graduate of McCormick Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, Chicago, where he won the Hebrew Fellowship for European Study, which he pursued in Scotland and Germany with distinction. He served as a missionary in China, where he specialized in Muslim literature. During his furlough in 1919, he turned down a professorship at McCormick as well as attractive calls to city churches and determined to spend his life in intensive training of Chinese ministers. Returning from the Shanghai Conference, 1919, he succumbed to pneumonia on Christmas Eve and died on New Year's Eve, 1919. Chinese recorder 51 (1920), pp. 350-351 Ogilvy, Angus Howard Reginald, 1860-1906, he was a major in the British Army. Who, 1903, 1905;

Who

was who, 1

Ogorodnikov, Pavel Ivanovich, born 24 September 1837. His writings include Om» HblO-IopKa 00 CaHb-(/)paHu,ucKo u 06pamHo eb Poccito (1872), Ha nymu eb Ilepcl«: u npuKacniucKifi tipoeunuiu (1878), OlfepKu nepciu (1878), and cmpene conuue (1881). He died 20 December 1884. LC Ogunbiyi, Isaac A., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from SOAS for his thesis, The Arabic short story in Tunisia up to 1970. On 13 January 1987 he delivered his inaugural lecture at the Lagos State Universityentitled Of non-Muslim cultivators and propagators of the Arabic language (1987). LC Oguzman, Mustafa Kemal, born 15 December 1927 at Gumushacikoy, Turkey, he received a doctorate in 1955. He spent his academic career at istanbul Oniversitesi as a professor of law and sometime dean of its Faculty of Law. His writings include Kat mOlkiyeti meselesi ve hal ceres! (1958), and he was joint author of E§ya hukuku (1982). Kim kimdir, 1985/86, 1997/98 Ohier de Grandpre, Louis Marie Joseph, 1761-1846 see Grandpre, Louis Marie Joseph Ohier de Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Ohl, Wilhelm, born 28 December 1881 at Wien, he studied at the Universitat Wien, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1905 for his thesis, Die Gestalt der sOndigen Maria Magdalena in der Legende und dem Drama des deutschen Mittelalters. He was an editor and theatre critic in Wien. Since 1912 he was a professor of German literature at Freiburg, Switzerland. He edited Deutsche Mystikerbriefe des Mittelalters (1931). He died 11 May 1950. DtBE Ohly, Rajmund, fl. 1958, he received a doctorate in 1971 from Uniwersytet Warszawski for his thesis, Aplikatywny model j~zyka suaheli. His writings include J~zyk suaheli (1964-66), J~zyki Afryki (1974), Aggressive prose; a case study in Kiswahili (1975), Tanzania dzisiaj ijutro (1978), Swahili, the diagram of crisis (1982), Primary technical dictionary, English-Swahili (1987), The Zanzibarian challenge; Swahili prose (1990), and he was joint editor of Warriors, leaders, sages, and outcasts in the Namibian past (1992). LC Ohm, Thomas Philipp, born 18 October 1892 at Westerholt, Germany, he entered the Benedictine Order in 1912, was ordained in 1920, and received a D.O. in 1924 from the Unlversitat MOnchen. He taught at the Universitat Salzburg until 1931. From 1932 to 1940 he was a professor of mission studies at WOrzburg, and since 1946, at MOnster in the same capacity. Until 1961 he was an editor of the Zeitschrift far Missions- und Religion s wissensch aft. His writings include Die Gebetsgebarden der Volker und das Christentum (1948), Die Liebe zu Gott in den nicht-christlichen Religionen (1950), and Mohammedaner und KathoJiken (1961). He died 25 September 1962. DtBE Ohnefalsch-Richter, Max Hermann, born 7 April 1850 at Sohland am Rothstein, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1892 from the Universitat Leipzig with a thesis entitled Die antiken Culturstatten auf Kypros. He was an archaeologist whose writings include Kypros, the Bible and Homer; Oriental civilization, art and religion in ancient times (1893), Desiderius Erasmus und seine Stellung zu Luther (1907), and Griechische Sitten und Gebrauche auf Cypern (1913). He died 6 February 1917. DtBilnd (1) Ohnsorge, Werner, born 16 January 1904 at Dresden, he received a Dr.phil. in 1927 from Humboldt Universitat, Berlin, with a thesis entitled Die Legaten Alexanders III. He was an archivist and a sometime visiting professor of medieval history. His writings include Das Zweikaisersystem im frOhen Mittelalter (1947), and a collection of his articles, Ost-Rom und er Westen (1983). He died in Neustadt an der WeinstraBe, 23 September 1985. KOrschner, 1940/41-1976 Ohrwalder, Joseph, born 6 March 1856 at Lana, Tirol, Austria, he entered the missionary society Combonis at Verona in 1875. After study of theology, he travelled in 1879 to Egypt where he was ordained in 1880. In the following year he was posted to the Sudan as a missionary. In 1882, he was taken prisoner by followers of the Mahdi and kept in Omdurman, unable to escape to Cairo until 1891. His writings include Aufstand und Reich des Mahdi im Sudan und meine zehnjahrige Gefangenschaft daselbst (1892), and its translation, Ten years' captivity in the Mahdi's camp, 1882-1892, the fifteenth edition of which was published in 1914. He died in Omdurman in 1913. DtBE; Hill; OBL; Zach, pp.184-187 d'Ohsson, Ignatius Mouradgea, 1740-1807 see Mouradgea d'Ohsson, Ignatius Olkonomides, Nikolaos Antoniou (also Constantine), born 17 February 1934 at Athens, he was educated at Athens and received a doctorate in 1961 at Paris. From 1969 until his retirement he was a professor of Byzantine history at the Universite de Montreal. His writings include Hommes d'affaires grecs et latins a Constantinople, Xllle-XVe siecles (1979), and a collection of his articles, Documents et etudes sur les institutions de Byzance, 7e-15e stecte (1976); he edited Actes de Dionysiou (1968). Canadian,1982-19931; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982; EVL, 1993/94, 1996/97; WhoAm, 1986/87-1988/891

Ojha, Phanindra Nath, born 1930, he was in 1985 a director of the K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna. His writings include the trade edition of his doctoral thesis, North Indian social life during the Mughal period (1975), and Glimpses of social life in Mughallndia (1979). He was general editor of Bihar, past & present; souvenir, 13th Annual Congres of Epigraphical Society of India (Patna, 1987). Ok, Nurettin, born 10 March 1928, he was a lawyer, politician and minister.

Kim kimdir, 1997/98

O'Kane, Bernard, born 27 July 1949 at Belfast, he studied at Belfast and received a Ph.D. in 1982 from Edinburgh University. He was a sometime professor of Islamic art at AUC and carried on fieldwork, particularly in the Middle East. His writings include Timurid architecture in Khurasan (1987). Private

O'Kane, Joseph P., S.J., born 20th cent., he taught for a number of years in Iraq. In 1972, he was engaged in research at Unlversite Saint-Joseph, Beirut. Note about the author

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Okay, M. Sami, fl. 1956-1969, he obtained a doctorate and became a professor of maritime and insurance law at istanbul Oniversitesi. His writings include Deniz ticareti hukukuna i1i§kin Yargltay kararlan, 1943-1961 (1963). NUC, 1956-67 Okday, Ismail Hakkr, born 20 October 1888 at Athens, he was the son of the last Ottoman grand vizier, Ahmed Tevfik Pa~a. His writings include Bulgaristan'da TOrk basin I (ca. 1970); Yanya'da Ankara'ya (1975). He died 10 October 1977. LC; ZKO OkiC, Mehmet Tayyib, born 1 December 1902 at Gracanica, Bosnia, he received a traditional Islamic education and afterwards studied law at the universities of Zagreb and Belgrad, followed by Oriental philology at Paris, where he received a doctorate with a thesis entitled Hasan Kafi de Bosnie, sa vie et ses ceuvres. Until 1945, he was a professor successively at the Seriatska Gimnazija, Sarajevo, and the Medrese Alexander I, Skopje. From 1945 to 1949 he worked at the Basbakanhk Arslvi and Istanbul libraries. He taught for twenty-three years at the llahiyat FakOltesi, Ankara, before ending his teaching career at AtatOrk Oniversitesi, Erzurum. He was an expert in Balkan studies, Hadith, and Koranic exegesis. His writings include Bez! hadis meseleleri Ozerinde tetkikler (1959). He died 9 March 1977. Index Islamicus (2); SOdost-Forschungen 36 (1977), pp. 235-239 O'Kinealy, James, born in 1837, he was educated at Queen's College, Galway. He entered the Indian Civil Service and went out to India in 1861 and served in the judicial branch of the Civil Service in Lower Bengal. He was a sometime legal remembrancer and district judge, a member of the Rent Commission and of the Bengal Legislative Council, acting secretary to the Government of India, Puisne Judge in the Calcutta High Court, and president of the Board of Examiners. He was a good Arabic scholar. His writings include The Indian penal code and other laws relating to the criminal courts of India, 2nd ed. (1874). He died 14 January 1903. Buckland Okladnikov, Aleksei Pavlovich, born 3 (16) October 1908 at Konstantinovshchina, he received a doctorate in 1947 for his thesis, OlJepKU no ucmopuu f1Kymuu om naneonuma 00 npucoeounenu« K PyCCKOMy rocyoapcmay. He was an archaeologist and since 1962 a professor of history and chairman at Novosibirsk University. He died 18 December 1981. KazakSE; Miliband; Miliband 2 ; WhoSocC, 1978 Okoro, Jerry Ndubuisi, born 30 November 1943 at Arochukwu, Nigeria, he was educated in Hungary and Britain, and became a correspondent for The Times in Nigeria and Libya. In his later years he was a public relations consultant in Nigeria. AfricaWW, 1996 Okse, Necati, in 1980, he had resigned from the Turkish General Staff with the rank of colonel. His writings include Van golO ve Firat nehri cevresinae ya§ayan TOrkler (1976). LC; Note Okyar, Osman Fethi, born 23 December 1917 at istanbul, he was educated at Cambridge, where he took a first in economics, and afterwards pursued studies at istanbul Oniversitesi, where he received a doctorate in 1948. He was a sometime visiting professor at AUC and Columbia University, N.Y.C. From 1997 to 1986 he was a professor of economics at Hacettepe Oniversitesi. Kim kimdir, 1997/98 Olagnier-Riottot, Madame M., fl. 1962-1968, she was joint author of the exhibition catalogue, Arts du Maghreb, fin XVI/Ie - debut XXe; collections du Musee national des arts africains et oceeniens, Departement des arts meqhreblns musulmans (1973). LC

O'Lawlor, Manuel L10rd see L10rd O'Lawlor, Manuel Olayan, Sulaiman Saleh, born 5 November 1918 at 'Unayzah (Aneiza), Arabia, he was educated in Bahrain, where he later joined the Bahrain Petroleum Company. In 1937 he accepted a position at the Arabian American Oil Company. After the war, he was an international business executive. Who, 19901999; WhoAm, 1988-1999; WhoArab, 1982-1999/2000; WhoWor, 1974-2000

Olberg, Paul, born 19th cent. His writings include Brief aus Sowjet-Russ/and (1919), Tragedin Balticum (1941), Det moderna Egypten i det andra varldskriget (1943), Po/ens ode (1944). Ba/ticum (1946), and Antisemitismen i Sovjet (1953). LC Olbert, Ernst A., pseud., 1901- see Oehlrich, Conrad Oldenberg, Hermann, born 31 October 1854 at Hamburg, he studied classical and Indian philology at Berlin. He taught Indian studies at the Universitat Kiel from 1889 to 1908, when he became a professor at Gottingen. His writings include Religion des Veda (1894), and its translation, The religion of the Veda (1988). He died in Gottingen, 18 March 1920. DtBE; LC; LuthC 75; Stache-Rosen, pp. 124-125 Ol'denburg, Sergei Fedorovich, born in 1863, he was an Indologist and a student of comparative literature. From 1889 to his death on 28 February 1934 he taught at Leningrad University. Index Islamicus (5); Miliband; Miliband 2

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Ol'derogge, Dmitrii Alekseevich, born 23 April (6 May) 1903 at Vilna, he received a doctorate in 1944 from Moscow University with a thesis entitled Konbu,eeafl cess» poooe, unu moexooooeoa COI03. Since 1947 he was a director of the Department of African Languages at the Ethnographical Institute, Soviet Academy of Sciences. He died 30 April 1987. GSE; Miliband; Miliband2 ; Unesco Oldham, Charles Evelyn Arbuthnot William, born in 1869, he was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and was a member of the Indian Civil Service. He died in 1949. Who was who, 4 Olearius, Adam, born in 1599 at Aschersleben, Germany, he studied theology and natural sciences at Leipzig and became a schoolmaster. In 1633 he was appointed secretary to a commercial mission to Persia by the Duke Friedrich III of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. The mission eventually set out by way of Russia in October 1635. His travel account, first published in 1650, was repeatedly republished in the original as well as in translations into Dutch, English, French, Italian, and Russian. Under the title, Persianischer Rosenthal, he published a translation from Sa'di in 1654. He died at Gottorf Palace in 1671. CasWL; DcEuL; DtBE; GAS, vol. 10, p. xxiii; Henze; Krachkosvkii; OxGer O'Leary, De Lacy Evans, Rev., born in 1872 at Cullompton, Devon, he was appointed a lecturer in Aramaic and Syriac at the University of Bristol in 1908. His writings include Arabic thought and its place in history (1922), its translation, Islam acsancesi ve tarihteki yeri (1959), Comparative grammar of the Semitic languages (1923), Islam at the cross roads (1923), Colloquial Arabic (1926), Arabia before Muhammad (1927), The saints of Egypt (1937), and How Greek science passed to the Arabs (1951). He died in 1957. LC; WhE&EA; Who was who, 5 Oleg, Vieschii, pseud., 1858-1943 see Bashmakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Olesen, Asta, born 8 June 1952 at Arhus, Denmark, she studied at Arhus Universitet, where she received a doctorate in 1991. She carried on field work in Afghanistan, 1975-1979, and in Iran, 19881989, concentrating on Islam, politics, rural development, and refugees. She was appointed professor of anthropology at Kebenhavns Universitet in 1991. Her writings include Fra kaste til pjalte-proletariat; etnisk erhvervsspecialisering i 0stafghanistan (1977), Islam and politics in Afghanistan (1994), and she was joint author of Afghan craftsmen; the cultures of three itinerant communities (1994). Private Olin, Stephen, born in 1797 at Leicester, Vt., he was a Methodist clergyman, a president of RandolphMacon College, 1834-1837, and Weslyan University, 1842-1851. His writings include Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petree« and the Holy Land (1843), and Greece and the Golden Horn (1854). He died in Middlebury, Conn., in 1851. DAB, v. 14, pp. 13-14; Master (10); Shavit; WhAm, H Olinder, Olof Gunnar, born 10 July 1893 at Sjorup, Sweden, he was successively a professor at the universities of Goteborg and Lund from 1927 until his retirement in 1958. His writings include The kings of Kinda of the family of Akil al-Murar (1927), and Zur Terminologie der semitischen Lautlehre (1934). He died 22 May 1975. Vern er det, 1949-1979 Oliphant, Laurence, born in 1829 at Cape Town, he was a social theorist, traveller, writer and, in 1857, a war correspondent in the Crimea. He was a sometime private secretary to Lord Elgin. His writings include The Russian shores of the Black Sea (1853), The land of Gilead, with excursions into Lebanon (1880), The land of Khemi; up and down to middle Nile (1882), Haifa, or life in the Holy Land, 18821885 (1887), and Episodes in a life of adventure (1896). He died in Twickenham, 23 December 1888. BiD&SB; CasWL; DcEuL; DLB 166 (1996), pp. 275-293; DNB; Embacher; Henze; Master (14)

Olivaint, Maurice, born in 1860, he was a writer of poetry and prose, and a sometime conseiller in the Court of Appeal in Alger. His writings include Poemes de France et d'Algerie (1911). His trace is lost in 1922. BN; NUC, pre-1956 de Oliveira, Hermes de AraUjo, flo 1973. His writings include 0 problema da India Portuguesa (1958), and Povoamento e promoceo social em Africa (1971). LC Oliver, Edward Emmerson, flo 1887-1907. His writings include Across the border; or, Pathan and Biloch (1890), as well as several reports to the Government of India on mineral resources, irrigation and social conditions in the Punjab and the Central Provinces. NUC, pre-1956 Oliver, Francis Wall, born 10 May 1864 at Richmond, Surrey, he was a botanist and palaeobotanist, educated at Cambridge and London. His writings include Makers of British botany (1913). He died on 14 September 1951. DNB, 1951; Nature 168 (10 November 1951), pp. 809-811; Who was who, 5 Oliver, John, born in the first half of the 20th cent., he gained a B.A., and was a contributing author to A geography of Bermuda (1965). On 28 February 1967 he delivered his inaugural lecture at University College, Swansea, entitled Climatology and the environmental sciences. NUC, 1956-1967 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Oliver, Samuel Pasfield, born in 1838 at Bovinger, Essex, he was educated at Eton, and after passing through the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, he was posted to China in 1860. He was a geographer and antiquary but his versatile interests prevented him from achieving eminence in anyone subject. His writings include Madagascar and the Malagasy (1966). He died in 1907. ONB, S 2 Oliver Asin, Jaime, born 26 July 1905 at Zaragoza, Spain, he received a doctorate in 1928 from the Universidad de Madrid with a thesis entitled Origin arabe de rebato, arrobda y sushom6nimos. He was a sometime director of the Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Madrid, and a member of learned societies in Argentina, Panama, Uruguay, and Venezuela. He wrote En torno a los origenes de Castilla (1974). His Conferencias y apuntes ine ditos, edited by Dolores Oliver in 1995, contains his bio-bibliography on pp. 19-39. He died on 6 February 1980. Index Islamicus (3) Oliver Perez, Dolores, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in Spanish philology, with special reference to its Arabic elements. She was a professor of Arabic at the Universidad de Valladolid. Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997

Oliverius, Jaroslav, born 8 May 1933 at Praha, he studied Arabic and Hebrew at Universita Karolava, Praha, where he was appointed a professor in 1961. He was joint author of Egyptska hovorovs erebsnne (1968). CBS; Filipsky Olivi, Luigi, born in 1847, his writings include Cenni storici e critici sulla convenzione di Ginevra (1879), " trattato di Tunisi del 13 maggio 1881 sotto I'aspetto del diritto (1882), and Manuale di diritto internazionale pubblico e privato (1902). He died in 1911. NUC, pre-1956 Olivier, Claude, fl. 1949, his writings include La Nouvelle legislation des baux a usage commercial, industriel ou artisana/; dahirs du 17 janvier 1948 (Casablanca, 1948), and Institutrice en Algerie; reclt (Paris, 1958). LC Olivier, Guillaume Antoine, born 19 January 1756 at Arcs (Var), he was sent on a mission to the Shah of Persia in 1792. His writings include Atlas pour servir au voyage dans I'empire Othoman, I'Egypte et la Perse (1799-1807), and Voyage dans I'empire Othoman, I'Egypte et la Perse (1801-1807), and its translations, Travels in the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, and Persia (1801), Reise durch das Tarkische Reich, Aegypten und Persien (1802-1808), Reis door het Turkisch rijk, Egypte en Perzie (1809-1813), Viaggio nella Persia (1816). He died in Lyon, 1 October 1814. GdeEnc Olivier, Johannes, born about 1790 at Utrecht, he started life as an educator. In 1817, he went to the Netherlands East Indies. In 1821, he started to work for the Algemeene Secretarie and advanced rapidly. In 1822, he and other civil servants accompanied the commissaris van Levenhove to Palembang, returning to Batavia the following year. On account of his reprehensible conduct, he found himself degraded to clerk of the navy. In 1826, he returned to the Netherlands and settled at Kampen, where he edited the periodical De Oosterling from 1834 to 1837. Once more he went out to Batavia in 1840 and worked successively as a translator and a school-master at a government school. From 26 March 1849 to his death on 26 September 1858 he was director of the government press at Batavia. His writings include Reizen in den Molukschen archipel naar Makassar(1834-37). NieuwNBW, vol. 5, p. 396 Olivier, Roland, fl. 1963, his writings include Techniques quantitatives de la planification (1970), and he was joint author of Planification en Afrique (1963). BN; LC Olivier Delamarche, G., fl. 19th cent., he wrote L'Aiguille de fil (1859-62), CEuvre de Sappho; etude sur I'Hellenie (1871), and Recherches sur I'origine des Betberes (1867). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Olivier de Sanderval, Airne, born in 1840 at Lyon, he graduated as an engineer from l'Ecole centrale. He became an important manufacturer with family ties to a great trader and ship-owner in Marseille with branches in West Africa. He became one of the first explorers of Fouta Djallon and the Upper Niger in West Guinea. He was a member of the Commission administrative de la Societe de geographie et d'etudes coloniales de Marseille. His writings include De l'Atlantique au Niger par Ie FoutahDjallon; carnet de voyage (1882), and Kahel; carnet de voyage (1893). He died in Marseille, 22 March 1919. Henze; Hommes et destins, vol. 4, pp. 546-548 Olivier de Sardan, Jean Pierre, born in the first half of the 20th cent., he wrote Systeme des relations economiques et sociales chez les Wogo, Niger (1969), Les voleurs d'hommes (1969), Concepts et conceptions Songhay-Zarma (1982), Les eocietes Songhay-Zarma, Niger-Mali (1984), and he edited and translated Quand nos peres etaient captifs; recite paysans du Niger (1976). LC Olivieri, Agostino, born in the first half of the 19th cent., he was a librarian at the Universita di Genova. His writings include Carte e cronache manoscritte per la storia genovese (1855), Monete medaglie e sigilli dei principe Doria (1858), and Monete e sigilli dei principe Centurioni-Scotti (1862). He died in 1882. Cappellini 1 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Olleris, Alexandre, born in 1808, he received two doctorates in 1841 from the Universite de Paris for his theses, Cassiodore; conservateur des livres de I'antiquite latine, and De Phaedro epicureo; he edited the CEuvresde Gerbert, pape sous Ie nom Sylvestre /I (1867). He died in 1895. NUC, pre-1956 Ollive, Camille, fl. 1875-1880, he was a medical doctor who wrote Etude sur Ie cholera de Marseille en 1865 (1865), and Quelques mots sur I'hygiene et la medecine populaire (1868). BN Ollivier, Marc, born 20th cent., he was in 1973 an economist at I'lnstitut de Recherche Economique et de Planification, Universite de Grenoble. His writings include L'economie algerienne eoree 1966 (1987), and he was joint author of La guerre en Angola (1971), and its translations A guerra em Angola (1974) and The War in Angola (1975). LC Ollmann, Hartmut, born in 1943, he wrote Produkt- und Prozel3innovation in linearen Wirtschaftsmodellen (1979), a work which was originally presented as doctoral thesis. LC d'Olione, Henri Marie Gustave, vicomte, born 4 September 1868 at Besancon (Doubs), he studied classics at Besancon and Paris; he entered the military college, Saint-Cyr in 1888 and received his commission as sous-lieutenant in 1890. He was sent on missions to French West Africa and China. His writings include Mission Hostains-d'Ollone, 1898-1900, de la Cote d'lvoire au Soudan et a la Guinee (1901), Les derniers barbares; Chine, Tibet, Mongolie (1911), Recherches sur les musulmans chinois (1911), Ecritures des peuples non chinois de la Chine (1912), In forbidden China (1912), and Langues des peuples non chinois de la Chine (1912). BN; Curinier, vol. 4 (1903), p. 230; NUC, pre-1956 Olmer, L. J., fl. 1908, he received a doctorate in 1924 from the Universite de Paris for his thesis, Contribution a l'etude de la dissolution de I'oxyde d'argent dans I'ammoniaque. He was a sometime professor of chemistry and physics at the College imperial polytechnique de Teheran. His writings include Les etepes de la chimie (1941), and Le papieret les derives de la cellulose (1942). NUC, pre-1956 Olmer, Pierre, born in 1879, he wrote Le mobilier franQais d'aujourd'hui (1926), and Perspective artistique (1943). NUC, pre-1956 Olschki, Alessandro, born 12 February 1925 at Firenze, he was affiliated with Leo S. Olschki booksellers in Firenze and privately pursued an interest in deep sea diving. He was joint editor of Scritti di medicina subacquea (1968). Wholtaly, 1980; WhoWor, 1976-1989/901 Olschki, Leonardo, born 15 July 1885 at Verona, he was educated in Italy and Germany and subsequently taught at the universities of Freiburg, Heidelberg, and Roma. In 1939 he went to the U.S.A. After teaching at Johns Hopkins University, he became a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, for the last fifteen years of his teaching career. He was a Romance language philologist who published in Italian, German, French, and English. His writings inculde Marco Polo's precursors (1943), and The genius of Italy, published in 1949 and translated into several languages. He died in Berkeley, Calif., 7 September 1961. Bioln, 6,11; CnDiAmJBi; NYT, 12 December 1961, p. 57, col. 6; WhAm, 7 Olsen, Poul Rovsing, 1922-1982 see Rovsing Olsen, Poul Olshausen, Justus, born 9 May 1800 at Hohenfelde, Germany, he studied Oriental languages at the universities of Kiel and Berlin, and was appointed a professor of Oriental studies at Kiel in 1823. He was dismissed for political reasons in 1852. Through the good offices of Alexander von Humboldt, he obtained a post at Konigsberg as a profesor and university librarian. In 1858 he joined the ministry of cultural affairs in Berlin. His writings include Lehrbuch der hebreiscnen Sprache (1861). He died in Berlin, 28 December 1882. DtBE; LuthC Olson, Lawrence Alexander, born 7 May 1918 at Memphis, Tenn., he was a graduate of the University of Mississippi and received a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1954 for his thesis, Hara Kei; a political biography. He served for ten years with the American Universities Field Staff before becoming, in 1966, a professor of history at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Mass., a post which he held until his retirement in 1984. His writings include Ambivalent moderns; portraits of cultural identity (1992), as well as works on Japanese society. He died 17 March 1992. ConAu, 110, 137; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982;

WhoAm, 1974-1988/89; WhoUSWr, 1988

Olson, Robert William, born 14 December 1940 at Devils Lake, N.Dak., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Indiana University for his thesis, The Siege of Mosul; war and revolution in the Ottoman Empire, 1720-1743. In 1981 he was teaching Middle Eastern history at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky., a position he still held in 1998. His writings include The Ba'th and Syria, 1947 to 1982 (1982), Anglo-Iranian relations during World War I (1984), The Emergence of Kurdish nationalism, 1880-1925 (1989), and a collection of his articles entitled Imperial meanderings and Republican by-ways (1996).

ConAu,136; MESA roster of members, 1977-1990; NatFacDr, 1995

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Olszyna-Marzys, Andrzej Edward, born 6 April 1922 at Pulawy, Poland, he served in the Polish army from 1940 to 1943, and graduated from the University of London, where he also received a doctorate in 1957. He was an industrial chemist in the U.K. and a sometime World Health Organization project manager in the Third World. He was the editor of Toxi-infecciones de origin alimentario; Conferencia, 1974 (1976). LC; WhoWor, 1980/81 Olwan, Mohammed Youssef see 'Alwan, Muhammad Yusuf Oman, Giovanni, fl. 1960, he was a sometime professor of Arabic language and literature in the Universita di Venezia. His writings include La necropoli islamica di Dahlak Kebir, Mar Rosso (1976). LC; Wholtaly, 1980

Omar, Farouk (Faruq 'Urnar), born 6 June 1938 at Mosul, he was a professor of history and a member of the Iraqi ministry of foreign affairs. His writings include 'Abbasiyyat; studies in the history of the early 'Abbasids (Baghdad, 1976), and al-Fikr al-'Arabi fi mujabahat al-shu'ubiyah (1988). WhoArab, 19811999/2000

Omar, Hussein. He received an M.A. in commerce from the University of Manchester in 1951 with a thesis entitled The Egyptian tax system and economic development. In 1965 he was a lecturer in economics at Cairo University. Sluglett; Unesco Omar, Margaret Kleffner. She received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Georgetown University for her thesis, The acquisition of Egyptian Arabic as a native language. Her writings include Levantine and Egyptian Arabic; comparative study (1976), and Saudi Arabic; urban Hijazi dialect (1975). Selim Omar, Saleh Beshara (Salih Bisharah 'Urnar), he received a Ph.D. in 1975 from the University of Chicago for his thesis, Ibn al-Haytham and Greek optics. His writings include Ibn al-Haytham's optics (1977). NUC, 1979 Omer, Assad Ullah, born in 1945 at Kabul, he received a doctorate in 1979 from the Faculte de droit de l'Universite de Geneve for his thesis, Le financement international public du aevetoppement; aspects juridiques. LC Omer Seyfeddin, born 28 February 1884 at Ganem, Anatolia, he passed through the Turkish military college and then served in the army until 1910 when he turned to writing. He was a popular writer of the period and advocated simplified Turkish, free from the domination of Arabo-Persian influence. He died in Constantinople, 6 March 1920. CasWL; EIS, 1970, 1972; Meydan; PTF, v. 2, p. 593-594 Omer Tarik, pseud., 1886-1978 see Wegner, Armin Theophil Omont, Henri Auguste, born 15 September 1857 at Evreux (Eure), he was an archivist and a palaeographer, educated at l'Ecole des chartes, Paris. He was successively a keeper at the Departernent des manuscrits, Bibliotheque national, Paris, and inspecteur general of libraries. His writings include a number of catalogues of manuscripts. He died 9 December 1940. Oursel; Qui etesvous, 1924; WhE&EA; Who, 1921-1936; Who was who, 4

Omran, Abdel Rahim, born 29 March 1925 at Cairo, he was educated in Egypt and at Columbia University, N.Y.C. Since 1981 he was director of the Center for International Development and Conflict Management as well as a distinguished professor of population in the University of Maryland. He also served as a United Nations' adviser to al-Azhar University. His writings include Egypt; population problems and prospects (1973), Population in the Arab world (1980), and Family planning in the legacy of Islam (1992). American men and women of science; physical and biological sciences, 1973-1989; Who's who in America, 1980/81, 1982/83

Ofta Iribarren, Gelasio, fl. 1935, he wrote 165 firmas de pintores tomadas de cuadros de flores y bodegones (Madrid, 1944). LC Onar, Slddlk Sami, born in 1897, he obtained a doctorate and was for many years a professor of law and a director, ldare Hukuk ve Idare lIimleri EnstitOsO, Hukuk FakOltesi, Istanbul Oniversitesi. On his eightieth birthday he was honoured by a jubilee volume, Onar ermeqem (1977). His writings include Idare hukukunun ummumi esaslan (1952). NUC, pre-1956 Onde, Henri, born 11 August 1900 at Clermond-Ferrand, he received a doctorate in 1938 from the Universite de Grenoble for his thesis, La Maurienne et la Tarentaise. He was a professor of geography successively at the universities of Grenoble, Lausanne, and Aix-Marseille. His writings include L'Occupation humaine dans les grands massifs savoyards internes (1942), and La Savoie (1946).

WhoSwi,1952-1972/73

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Onder, Mehmet, born 1 March 1926 at Konya, he was a director of Konya MOzeleri from 1950 to 1963, and a director-general of antiquities and museums from 1963 to 1967. He was a sometime ambassador. His writings include Mevlana ve tarbesi (1957), Mevlana bibliyografyasl (1974), Mevlana and the Whirling Dervishes (1977), The museums of Turkey and examples of the masterpieces in the museums (1977), and Atatark bildirileri (1990). Kim kimdir, 1985/86; LC Onder, Zehra, born in 1944, she studied at MOnchen and Freie Unlversitat Berlin, where she received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1973 with a thesis entitled Die tarkische AuBenpolitik im zweiten Weltkrieg. She was a lecturer at Berlin from 1974 to 1977. Her writings include Saudi Arabien zwischen islamischer Ideologie und westlicher Okonomie (1980). LC; Schwarz O'Neill, Bard Emmett, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Denver with a thesis entitled Revolutionary warfare in the Middle East; an analysis of the Palestinian guerilla movement, 1967-1972. His writings include the pamphlet, Petroleum and security; the limitations of military power in the Persian Gulf (1977), Armed struggle in Palestine; a political-military analysis (1978), and Insurrection & terrorism (1990). Selim O'Neill, Norman, born 31 May 1943, he was in 1988 affiliated with the Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, University of Hull. His writings include Economy and class in Sudan (1988), and Capitalism, socialism and the development crisis in Tanzania (1990). Note about the author Ongut, ibrahim, fl. 1971, he was a sometime director of the Economics Department at the Industrial Develop-ment Bank of Turkey (Srnat Yatmrn ve Kredi Bankasi). Note

Ono, Morio, born in 1925, he was a Japanese sociologist whose writings on the Islamic world include Afuganisutan no noson kara (1971), Isuramu no sekai (1971), Perushia no noson (1917), Firudo waku no shiso (1974), and he was joint author of Ajia kawaya ko (1994). LC Opacic, Nine, fl. 1965, she edited Drustveno-politicke zajednice (Beograd, 1968).

LC

Opet, Otto, born 1 April 1866 at Berlin, he received a Dr.jur. in 1888 from Humboldt Universi-tat, Berlin, for his thesis, Frankisches Weibererbrecht. After a brief lectureship at the Universltat Bern, he served as a professor of law at the Universltat Kiel since 1903. His writings include Der Schutz der nationalen Minderheiten (1919). JewEnc; JOdLex; KOrschner, 1903-1935; Wer ist's, 1912-1928; Wininger Opitz, Christa B. She was a special nurse for vision impaired and licensed pilots, and worked in the Third World. Her writings include Die Steppe brennt am Weil3en Nil; eine Frau erlebt den Sudan (1976), and Auf den Armen des Windes (1984). LC Opitz, Karl, born in 1877 at Dresden, Germany·, he received a Dr.med. in 1901 from the Universitat Kiel and then practised his profession. He translated medical works of Avicenna and al-Razi from the Arabic, and wrote Die Medizin im Koran (1906). His trace is lost in 1939. LC

Oporinus, Johannes, born in January 1507 at Basel, he completed classical studies at Strasbourg and then returned to Basel where he was from 1538 to 1541 a professor of Greek and Latin at the university. He then operated a printing press in Basel where he published a Latin translation of the Koran, Machumetis Saracenorum principis (1543). He died in July 1568. DcBiPP; DtBE; NDBA Opozda-Czapkiewicza, Maria see Czapkiewicz, Maria Oppel, Alwin, Prof. Dr., born 31 March 1849, he was a teacher of economic geography. His writings include Baumwolle nach Geschichte, Anbau, Verbreitung und Handel (1902), and Die wirtschaftlichen Grundlagen der kriegfahrenden Machte (1915). He died in 1929. KOrschner, 1907-1928/29 Oppenheim, Lassa (Ludwig) Francis Lawrence, born 30 March 1858 in Germany, he was successively a professor of law at Freiburg, Basel, L.S.E., and Cambridge. His writings include International law (1905-1906), and The League of Nations and its problems (1919). He died in Cambridge, 7 October 1919. BiDlnt; DNB; EncJud; ..IOdLex; OxLaw; Who was who, 2; Wininger Oppenheim, Max Adrian Simon, Freiherr von, born 15 August 1860 at Koln, he studied law at StraBburg, where he received a doctorate in 1883. For a time, he was employed at the judiciary. In 1896, he was attached to the Kaiserliche Diplomatische Agentur in Cairo. He was posted to the U.S.A., 1902-1904, and to Kebenhavn, 1908. In 1910, he was appointed minister resident in Cairo. From 1911 to 1913 he travelled in Mesopotamia, where he made important discoveries. During the first World War he served at the German foreign ministry and the embassy in Constantinople. His writings include Vom Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf (1899-1900), Rabeh und das Tschadseegebiet (1902), and Zur Entwicklung des Bagdadbahngebietes und insbesondere Syriens und Mesopotamiens (1904). He died in Landshut on 15 November 1946. DtBE; FOck,290; Henze; Index Islamicus (2); Wininger Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Oppenheimer, J. W. S., fl. 1978, he received a Ph.D. in 1976 from L.S.E. with a thesis entitled The social organization of a Druze village in Israel. Sluglett Oppermann, Thomas, born 15 February 1931 at Heidelberg, he received a Dr.jur., and was since 1967 a professor of law at TObingen. Concurrently he was a member of a provincial judiciary. His writings include Die algerische Frage (1960). KOrschner, 1980-1996; Wer ist wer, 1985-1998/99 Op't Land, Cornelius see Land, Cornelius op't de I' Or, Louis, fl. 1824, he wrote Auch ein Wort uaer die Emanzipation der Juden; zur Beherzigung an aile Sachsen gerichtet (Dresden, 1837). GV Oralbaeva, Nurzhamal Oralbai kyzy, born 15 May 1928 in Pavlodar Oblast, Kazakhstan, she received a doctorate in 1971 and was appointed a professor in 1973. Her writings include Qazirgi qazaq tilindegi san esimming (1988); and she edited Qazirgi qazaq tilining sozzhasam zhuiesi (1989). KazakSE; LC

Oranskii, losif Mikhailovich, born 3 May 1923 at Leningrad, he graduated from Leningrad University and was a teacher of Iranian studies at his university from 1948 to 1951, when he began teaching for eight years at Dushanbe. Since 1959 he was a research fellow at the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy, Leningrad. His writings include UpaHcKue fl3blKU (1963), and its translations, Die neuiranischen Sprachen der Sowjetunion (1974), Les langues iraniennes (1977), TaO>KUKOfl3bl'-lHble smnoepedxnecsue epyttm» Fuccepcxot: oonuHbl, CpeoHflfl A3Ufl (1983), and Beeoenue a upencnno tbunonoeuio (1988). He died 16 May 1977. BioB134; Miliband; Miliband 2 Orazbaeva, Alma A., born 28 December 1898 in Oral Oblast. She died in 1943. Kazak SE Orazi, Roberto, born 20th cent., he wrote Grate lignee nell'architettura safavide = Wooden gratings in Safavid archi-tecture (1976), and he was joint author of " Monastero di Santa Chiara delle Murate a Citta di Castello (1993). LC Orazov, Annadurdy, born 19 November 1931, he obtained a doctorate and wrote X03flucmao u Kynbmypa necenenu» Ceeepo-eeneanot: TypKMeHuu (1972), and 3mHoapaepU'-leCKUe O'-lepKU xossttcmee mypKMeH Axana a XIX-Ha'-lane XX a. (1985); he edited O'-lepKU no ucmopuu xosniicmee uepoooe CpeoHeu A3UU u Kesexcmene (1973), and np06neMbl ucmopuu u smnoepetpuu coeecsux u 3apy6e>KHblX mypsven (1990). Schoeberlein Orbach, Maurice, born 13 July 1902 at Cardiff, he was educated at his home town and N.Y.C. He was a Labour member of Parliament and combined his House of Commons duties with a number of other tasks. He was general secretary of the Trades Advisory Council, vice-president of the Socialist Medical Association, governor of several hospitals, world executive member of the World Jewish Congress, and a lecturer on industry, commerce, and the American scene. In the early days of the State of Israel, he drafted its law of customs and tariffs; following his Cairo mission, he used his endeavours in Baghdad and, later, helped open Rumania's doors for Jewish emigration to Israel. He died in 1979. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; International year book and statesmen's who's who, 1978, 1979; Who, 1946-1979; Who was who, 7; Who's who in world Jewry, 1965, 1978

Orbeli, losif (Hovsep') Abgarovich, born 8 (20). March 1887 at Kutaisi, Russian Georgia, he studied classics and Oriental languages at St. Petersburg. During his student days he published his first articles on art in Brockhaus Enzyklopadie and also participated in two archaeological expeditions to the Caucasus. In 1912, he was elected member of the Russian Archaeological Society, St. Petersburg, and in 1914, he became a lecturer in Armenian studies and Kurdish linguistics at the Oriental Institute. He successively held a chair at Petrograd University and professorships at the Archaeological Institute, Petrograd, and the Lazarian Institute, Moscow. During the last years of his life he was dean of the Oriental Faculty, and held the chair of Near and Middle Eastern history at Leningrad University. His writings include ApMflaHcKuu aepOU'-leCKUU snoc (1956), and CUHxpOHUCmU'-IeCKUe ma6nUL(bl XUO>KPbl U eeponeucsoeo nemocvucnenn (1961). He died in Leningrad, 1 or 2 February 1961. GSE; Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Studia et acta orientalia 4 (1962), pp. 252-255

d'Orcet, Gaspar Marie Stanislas Xavier Araqonnes, 1835-1900 Gaspar Marie Stanislas Xavier

see Araqonnes d'Orcet, vicomte

Orchowski, Alojzy J., pseudo J. Olszanski, born in 1767 at tuck, Volhynia, he was a barrister in the crown tribunal in Lublin and a radical intellectual who firmly related ideals of independence with those of political reform. He went to Paris in 1799 and afterwards lived in France and Germany, returning to Poland for brief periods only. In later life he wrote on literature and philosophy. He died in Chateauroux (Indre) on 27 March 1847. Biographical dictionary of modem European radicals and socialists, edited by D. Nicholls and Peter March (1988), vol. 1; Nowa encyklopeia powszechna PWN;; Polski slownik biograficzny

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Ordinaire, Maurice Charles Francois, born in 1862, he was a chef de cabinet at the Ministere des Colonies, before he was elected deputee for Pontarlier in 1898, an office which he held until 1913, when he became a senator for over twenty years. He later was the fourth president of the Cornite de l'Asie Francaise. His writings include La revision de la constitution (1934). He died after surgery in Paris, 29 September 1934. L'Asie trenceise v. 34, no. 323 (septembre/octobre 1934), pp. 241-242 Oren, Stephen A., born in 1942, he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Columbia University for his thesis, Religious groups as political organization. He was a professor of political science at Wheaton College,

in 1973, in the Department of Government, Touro College, in 1974, and at Baruch College, N.Y.C., in 1975. His writings include Likely conflict situations during the 1970-1980 decade in Europe & the Middle East (1970). LC; NUC, 1968-1972 Oreshkova, Svetlana Filippovna, born 16 October 1935 at Smolensk, she graduated from the Moscow Institute of Oriental philology in 1958. She later was a researcher at the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include Pvccxo-mypeusue omnouienun 8 ueuene XVIII 8. (1971), and she was joint editor of Tyouu»; ucmopun, 3KOHOMUKa, ttonumuxe (1984), and Ocuence» uunepu» (1986). Miliband2 Orfalea, Gregory Michael, born 9 August 1949 at Los Angeles, Cal., he was educated at Georgetown University and the University of Alaska. He had a chequered career as a reporter and later as an instructor in English, writer in residence, and teacher. He was a member of the American-Arab AntiDiscrimination Committee as well as the Middle East Peace Research Institute. His writings include Before the flames; a quest for the history of Arab Americans (1988). ConAu, 128; WhoUSWr, 1986/871995/96

Orfei, Ruggero, born in 1930, his writings include Andreotti (1975), Fede e politica; iI cristiano di fronte al potere (1977), and Appunti per if vocabolario della parlata perugina (1994). LC Orgel, Stephen Kitay, born 11 April 1933 at N.Y.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1959 from Harvard University for his thesis, The curious know; a study of the Jonsonian masque. He was successively a professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley, and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. ConAu,73-76, new rev., 14; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982; WhoAm, 1978-1988/89

Orgels, Bernard, fl. 1962-1967, he was author of Contribution a t'etude des problemes agricoles de la Syrie (Bruxelles, 1962), La terre des hommes dans Ie monde musulman (Bruxelles, 1965), and he was joint author of ttinereires ercneotootques dans la region d'Antioch (Bruxelles, 1967). d'Orgeval, Rene Le Barrois, 1843-1928 see Le Barrois d'Orgeval, Rene Robert Orhonlu, Cengiz, born 17 July 1927 in northeastern Anatolia, he studied at istanbul Oniversitesi, where he received a doctorate in 1958 for Osmenh imparatorlugunda a§iretleri iskan teeebboen, 1691-1696, work which was published in 1963. He had a brief teaching career at the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal. His writings include Osmenn lrnoeretonuqunae Derbent te§kilatl (1967), and Osmentt imperetottuqu'mm gOney siyaseti (1974). His death, caused by heart failure, occurred on 11 or 14 June 1974, just the day he was supposed to be interned in a hospital for treatment. IJMES 8 (1977), pp. 409-410; LC

Origo, Iris Cutting, marchesa, D.B.E., born 15 August 1902 at Birdlip, England, she was an AngloItalian writer of historical biographies. She died 28 June 1988. ConAu, 105,47 new rev.; IntAu&W, 1976;

Who, 1959-1988; WorAu

Oriol Catena, Francisco, born 20 August 1904 at Granada, his writings include the republication of his 1933 thesis submitted at the Universidad de Granada, La repoblaci6n del reino de Granada despues de la expulsion de los Moriscos (1987). He died 18 January 1938. LC Orkun, HOseyin Narruk, 1902-1956. His writings include Turk dunyee. (1932), Attila ve ogullan (1933), Pec;enekler (1933), and TOrkc;O/OgOn tarihi (1944). LC Orlandini, Giovanni, born 19th cent., his writings include Storia delle magistrature venete (1898), Organismo politico-amministrativo della Repubblica Veneta (1908), and La Capella Corner nella Chiesa dei Santi Apostoli a Venezia (1914). BLC; Firenze Duc d'Orleans, Ferdinand Philippe Louis Charles Henri, born 3 September 1810 at Palermo, he was a French duke who, with the rank of lieutenant-general, made campaigns in Algeria in 1835, 1839, and 1840. His writings include Campagnes de l'ermee d'Afrique (1870). He died as a result of a carriage accident in Neuilly, 13 July 1842. Azan, pp. 23-27; EncBrit; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; Pallas d'Orleans, Henri Eugene Philippe Louis, Duc d'Aumale, 1822-1897 Philippe Louis d'Orleans, Duc d'

see

Aumale, Henri Eugene

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Orlebar, Arthur Bedford, born 11 June 1810, he was a graduate of Oxford who went out to India and was for some years a professor of astronomy at Elphinstone College, Bombay, where he was also editor of the Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. He subsequently went to Australia, where he died in Melbourne, 11 June 1866. BLC; Smith von Orlich, Leopold, born 30 June 1804 at Stalluponen, East Prussia, he entered the army, graduated from the military school, Kadettenhaus, Potsdam, and became a lieutenant in 1822. Concurrently he pursued historical and geographical studies, and published his Geschichte des preuBischen Staates im siebzehnten Jahrhundert (1838-39). He was sent to India in order to participate in the British military actions in Afghanistan, 1839, and thereafter carried on studies and explorations in India. His letters to Alexander von Humboldt he published in 1843 entitled Reise in Ostindien and its translation, Travels in India, including Sinde and the Punjab (1845). He resigned from the military with the rank of major in 1848 and settled in England. He also wrote Allgemeine Geschichte von Indien ... bis zum Jahre 1857 (1859), Geschichte und Colonisation der Lander Sind und Pengab (1859), and Indien und seine Regierung (1861). He died in London, 5 June 1860. ADtB; DtBE; Embacher

Orlik, Ol'ga Vasil'evna, Dr., born 20th cent., her writings include POCCUfi u cPpaHu,Y3cKafi peecntocun 1830 800a (1968), ,D,eKa6pucmbl u eneuins» nonumuse Poccuu (1984), and "rp03a oeeHou,am080 800a ... (1987). LC II

Orlov, Evgenii Aleksandrovich, born 17 March 1919, he was a special associate of the USSR in Iran, 1946-47 and a cultural attache, 1968-70. He received a doctorate in 1983. His writings include rocyoapcmeeHHbl(J cmpoa MeMeHa (1958), rocyoapcmeeHHbl(J cmpoti nooaenuu (1961), and BHewHfIfi nonumuke MpaHa nocne emopoii uupoeoc eo(JHbl (1975). Miliband; Miliband2 Orlovskii (Orlowski), Aleksandr Osipovich, born 9 March 1777 at Warszawa, he was a romantic painter and artist whose writings include the booklets, Russian and Persian costume (1819-1826), and Costumes russes (1820). He died in S1. Petersburg on 1 (13) March 1832. Dziekan; GSE; PSB Orlowski, Aleksander, 1777-1832 see Orlovskii, Aleksandr Osipovich Ormsby, Eric Linn, born 16 October 1941 at Atlanta, Ga., he studied at Columbia University, the University of Pennsylvania, TClbingen, and Princeton, where he received a Ph.D. in 1981 with a thesis entitled An Islamic version of theodicy; the dispute over al-Ghazali's "best of all possible worlds. From 1986 to 1996 he was director of McGill University Library and concurrently a professor of Islamic studies at the Institute of Islamic Studies, Montreal, P.Q. His writings include the revised version of his thesis, Theodicy in Islamic thought (1984); he was joint author of Handlist of Arabic manuscripts (new series) in the Princeton University Library (1987), and he was editor of Moses Maimonides and his time (1989). NatFacDr,1995; Private; Selim2 ; WhoAm, 1986/87-1999 it

Ormsby-Gore, William George Arthur, 4th Baron Harlech, born 11 April 1885, he was educated at Eton and Oxford. He was elected a member of Parliament in 1910 and retained his seat until he succeeded to the peerage on his father's death in 1938. During the first World War he was an intelligence officer in the Arab Bureau, Cairo. He later served in the Colonial Office and was posted to Cyprus and Nigeria. He was also a writer on art and architecture. He wrote Must the West decline (1966). He died on 14 February 1964. Bioln, 6 (2); Britlnd (8); DNB; Who, 1921-1964; Who was who, 6 O'Rourke, Vernon Alfred, born in 1910, he was in 1943 a professor of political science at Swarthmore College. His writings include Constitution-making in a democracy (1943), and The juristic status of Egypt and the Sudan (1973), a work which was originally submitted as a Ph.D. thesis at Johns Hopkins University in 1933. LC; Selim Orr, Sir Charles William James, born 20 September 1870, he was a graduate of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He served in India and retired with the rank of major. He later was affiliated with the Colonial Office. His writings include The making of Northern Nigeria (1911), and Cyprus under British rule (1918). He died 18 April 1945. Who was who,4 Orr, John Boyd, Baron Boyd Orr, born 23 September 1880 at Kilmaurs, Scotland, he was a physician and nutritionist and the first director-general of the Food and Agricultural Organization; he received the 1949 Nobel Peace Prize. He wrote his autobiography, As I recall it (1966). He died 25 June 1971.

ConAu, 113; CurBio, 1946; DNB;EncAm; Master (3); WhE&EA; WhoAm, 5; Who was who, 7

Orsi, Paolo, born in 1859 at Roveroto, Austria-Hungary, he studied at Padua, Wien, and Roma. In 1888, he successfully competed for the post of inspector in the museum in Siracusa, Sicilia, of which he was soon afterwards appointed director. He declined the offer of more than one brilliant university post in order to remain at Siracusa, where, in consequence of his epoch-making discoveries of the Siculan civilization and of the Greek cities of the island, the museum was to become one of the richest Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

56 and most interesting in the country. In order generously to endow and help the cultural institutes and the social services of Siracusa and of his native Rovereto, he lived for forty years in a small inn; his life, indeed, was one of continuous sacrifice that he might devote his own modest income to his archaeological campaigns. He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei, and was made a senator in 1924. Among his many foreign honours was that of honorary member of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. He died in his home town, 8 November 1935. Chi e, 1928, 1931, 1936; IndBI (5); Numismatic circular, 44 (1936), col. 7-8

Ortac, Yusuf Ziya, born in 1895 at Constantinople, he was a writer of poetry and prose. His writings include Aktnaen ekme (1916), Ismet lnonn (1946), 09 katll ev (1953), and Bizim yoku§ (1966). He died in istanbul 11 March 1967. EIS,1970; Meydan Ortega Marin, Juan M., he received a doctorate in Semitic languages and specialized in the literature and history of the contemporary Arab world. Certainly from 1992 to 1997, he was a professor at the Universidad de Malaga and director of the Centro de Tecnologfa de la Imagen y recursos didacticos. He translated from the Arabic of Tawfiq Hakim, Teatro de la sociedad (1987). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; EURAMES, 1993

Ortiz de la Torre, Jose Antonio Tomas see Tomas Ortiz de la Torre, Jose Antonio Ortiz Juares, Dionisio, fl. 1965. His writings include Exposici6n de orfebreria cordebesa (1973), and Punzones de plateria cordobesa (1980), and he was joint author of Catalogo artistico y monumental de la provincia de C6rdoba (1981-1983), and Registro documental de pintores cordobeses (1988). LC Ortner, Dieter, fl. 1974, he was joint author of the booklet, Felsbilder der Spanischen Sahara (1975). Ortner-Heun, Irene see Heun, Irene Mrs. Ortner Ortolani, Mario, born 21 September 1909 at Venezia, he was since 1947 a professor of geography at the Universlta di Pavia. In 1980, he was affiliated with the Unlversita di Bologna. His writings include Geografia della popolazione (1975). em». 1957, 1961; Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958, 1980 Ortzen, Leonard (Len) Edwin, born 18 December 1912 at London, he studied at the Sorbonne and became a free-lance writer and translator. His writings include Down doneky road ... (1938). He died on 15 January 1979. Au&Wr,1976; ConAu, 114, 118; IntAu&W, 1976; WhoWor, 1976 Orujov (Orudzhev), Aliheidar Aliabbas oghlu (Ali Geydar Aliabbas ogly), born 25 November 1905 at Guba, Russia, he received a doctorate in linguistics in 1962 and was appointed a professor in 1966. His writings include PyccKo-a3ep6aOo>KaHCKUO cnoeepe (1955), and A3ep6aOo>KaHCKo-pyccKuO tppezeo-noeinecrui) cnoeeps (1976). AzarbSE de Orus Navarro, J. J., fl. 1956, his writings include La forma de las nebulosas extreqetectices (Barcelona,1961). NUC, 1956-1967

Orusbaev, Abdykadyr, fl. 1970, his writings on Kirghiz studies include Kupau3cKafi eeuenmneuun (1974), ,auHaMuKa cjJopMaHmHblx uecmom enecnux supeusceoeo fl3blKa (1976), and R3blKoeafi nonumuxe KnCC Upeseumue «upeuscxo-oyccsoeo oeYfl3bllfUfI (1987). LC Oruzbaeva, Biubiina (6K>6li1~Ha) Omurzakovna, born 20 December 1924, she received a doctorate in 1966 and was appointed a professor in 1967. Her writings include Cnoeooopssoeenue e «upeuscsoi« fl3blKe (1964), Kupeus mepnunonoeuncu (1983), and she was joint editor of Ttopeonoeuuecsue uccneooeeuun (1985). KyrgyzSE Ory, Solange, born 20th cent., her writings include Archives Max van Berchem conservees a la Bibliotheque publique et universitaire de Geneve; (1) catalogue de la pnototneque (1975), Cimliieres et inscriptions du Hawran et du Gabal al-Duruz (1989), and she was joint author of Inscriptions arabes de Damas (1977). LC

Osaba y Ruiz de Erenchun, Basilio, born 14 June 1907 at Vitorio, Spain, he studied liberal arts at Zaragoza. He was affiliated with the Museo Arqueol6gico de Orense, before becoming director of the Museo Arqueol6gico de Burgos. His writings include Museo Arqueol6gico de Burgos (1955). Ruiz C Osborn, Robert Durie, born 6 August 1835, he was educated at Walthamstow, and joined the Bengal Native Infantry in 1854. He served in the Indian Mutiny, 1857, and the Afghan war, 1878. He retired in 1879 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He had been a tutor to the Paikpara wards in 1872. From 1878 to 1879 he assisted in editing the London Statesman, and engaged in journalism and literature to oppose Lord Beaconsfield's and Lord Lytton's policy in India. He supported Gladstone in his antiOttoman policy. His writings include Islam under the Arabs (1876), and Islam under the khalifs of Baghdad (1878). He died 19 April 1889. Buckland; ONB Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Osborn, Sherard, born 25 April 1822, he was a British rear-admiral who served in the Crimean War, and in China and Japan in 1857-1859. He died in London in 1875. CelCen; OcBiPP; OcCanB, v. 10, pp. 561-563; ONB; Embacher; EncAm; Henze; Master (2); OxCan

Osborne, Christine, born in 1940. Her writings include The Gulf states and Oman; texts and photographs (1977), An insight and guide to Pakistan (1981), Middle Eastern food and drink (1988), and Morocco (1990). LC Oshanin, Lev Vasil'evich, born 9 March 1884 at Tashkent, he was a professor of anthropology at Tashkent. His writings include Anmoononoeuuecxuc cocmae necenenun CpeoHeil A3UU U smnoeenes 33 nepoooe (1959), its translation, Anthropological composition of the population of Central Asia (1964); and he was joint author of Bonpocbl smnoeenese nepoooe CpeoHeil A3UU e ceeme oaHHblx enmpononoeuu (1953). He died 9 January 1961. GSE; KazakSE Oshanin, Vasilii Fedorovich, born in 1844 at Lipetsk Oblast, he was a zoologist who in 1878 headed a geographical mission to the Khanate of Karategin to the south of Ferghana. His writings include Verteilung der pa/aearktischen Hemipteren, mit besonderer BerOcksichtigung ihrer Verteilung im Russischen Reiche (1906-1910). He died in Petrograd in 1917. GSE; Henze

O'Shaughnessy, Thomas J., S.J., born in the first half of the 20th cent., he was affiliated with San Jose Major Seminary, Manila, in 1984. His writings include The Koranic concept of the word of God (1948), The development and the meaning of spirit in the Koran (1953), Muhammed's thoughts on death (1969), Word of God in the Qur'an (1984), Creation and the teaching of the Qur'an (1985), and Eschatological themes in the Qur'an (1986). LC O'Shaughnessy, William Brooke, born in 1809 at Limerick, he was educated at Edinburgh University where he received a medical doctorate in 1830. He went to Bengal in the East India Company's Medical Service in 1833 and became surgeon-major in 1861. He was a sometime professor of chemistry at the Medical College, Calcutta. In 1853 he was appointed director-general of Telegraphs in India and rapidly laid down lines to Agra, Bombay, Madras, and Peshawar. His writings include The Bengal dispensatory and companion to the Pharmacopeia (1842). He died 10 January 1889. Buckland; ONB; Master (1); Riddick

Osiander, Johann Ernst Wilhelm, born 18 September 1829 at Maulbronn, Germany, he studied theology and Semitic languages at the Universltat TObingen, to which was added Leipzig and particularly the universities in England and Scotland, where he laid the foundation for his South Arabian linguistic researches. After his return home, he was successively an assistant at the theological seminaries at Maulbronn and TObingen. He died from pneumonia, 21 March 1864. All his writings were published in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft. AOtB Osimi (Osimov, AC~MoB), Mukhammad Saifiddinovich, born 1 September 1920 at Khodzhent, Tajikistan, he studied physics and mathematics at Samarkand. After the war he was a lecturer in his home town, and from 1956 to 1962 he was dean of the Tadzhikskii Politekhnicheskii Institut. He served three years in the Communist Party, and from 1965 to 1985, he was president of the Tajik Academy of Sciences. He was editor of Tao>KuKcKaR coeemcke» Couusnucmuuecxes Pecny6nuKa (1974), and joint editor of liloxnoue; u60pam es 9 lfuno (Dushanbe, 1990). He was assassinated by nationalist extremists in 1996. Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus dem Iran 29 (1997), p. 519; EST; LC; WhoWor, 1974/75 Osipov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, born 11 (23) August 1897 at Annenkovo Annenskoi, he was a graduate of the Oriental Institute, Moscow, in 1926, and was appointed a professor in 1963. His writings include Benusoe eoccmenue e MHOUU 1857-1859 ee. (1957). He died 19 February 1969. Miliband; Miliband"

Osipov, IUrii Mikhailovich, born 26 April 1928, he graduated from the Moscow Finance Institute in 1951 and received a doctorate in 1978 for his thesis, MHepnRu,uR U np06neMbi 3KOHOMUKU pocma peseueetotuuxcn cmoen. His writings include ounencoeue Memoobl M06unu seuuu nexnonnenut) s peseueetoiuuxcst (1969), and he was joint author of 10cyoapcmeeHHaR enecms u ttpeimpunmue (1991). Miliband 2 Osman, Omer M., also known as Osman Abdou, O. M., born 21 December 1923 at Helwan, Egypt, he was a graduate of Alexandria University, Egypt, and received a Ph.D. in 1960 from LSE for his thesis The development of transport and economic growth in the Sudan, 1899-1957. He joined the University of Khartoum in 1954 as lecturer in economics and became its vice-chancellor. His writings include Perspectives of the development of higher education in the Arab region from the present to year 2000 (1983). Slug lett; WhoArab, 1967/68; WhoWor, 1974/75 Osman Abdou, O. M., 1923 see Osman, Omer M.

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Osman Bey, born first half 19th cent. This is an elusive writer born of uncertain lineage and variously called Frederick Millingen (BlC), Jean Adolphe Decourdemanche, 1844-1914, 1915 or 1916, (DBF and lC), as well as Vladimir Andrejevich (AHApeeS1I14, b. 1835 or 1838, BioBibSOT), and fils de Madame Kibrizli-Mehemet-Pacha. From his German autobiography it would appear that he spent ten years at the Collegio Romano, Italy, (p. 119) whence his alleged father (Dr. Millingen) brought him back to Turkey in 1849 (p. 127), and that he learned in 1866 from his uncle, August Millingen, that Dr. Millingen had doubts about the legitimacy of Osman Bey. He studied law at Paris and also attended Harbiye, the Turkish military college, which he left after a little over a year with the rank of major. He saw action in Kurdistan. He became a restless wanderer (April 1865 in New York, August 1865 in Paris, the early 1870s in london, the winter of 1873 in Geneve.) He was a loser in the lifelong pursuit of Mehmed Pasha Kibnslr's heritage, for which he blamed a Zionist conspiracy. In 1870 he read a paper before the Anthropological Society of london entitled "Slavery in Turkey; the Sultan's harem." In the same year he published his article "On the Koords" in the Journal of the Ethnological Society of London. (Both papers being signed Frederick Millingen.) In 1891 he signed his article in the New York Cosmopolitan "Osman Bey, originally Frederick Millingen." There is some agreement in his autobiography and the biography in the DBF, althought the latter is unaware of the former. The Decourdemanche obituary in Revue numismatique (1916) almost certainly rules out the identity of Osman Bey and Decourdemanche. The latter was a member of the Societe asiatique and the Societe philologique and bequeathed his interesting collection of Islamic coins to the Cabinet de Medailles. There is no mention of pseudonyms, and reference is made only to his translations from the Turkish. The Revue gives as his death octobre de rnier. His date of birth is nowhere substantiated. Osman Bey, however, published under the pseudonyms Osman Bey and Vladimir Andrejevich several works on international politics in the East, in which he displayed a marked hostility towards Great Britain. His writings include Les Anglais en Orient, 1830-1876, vraie version du livre "Trente ans au harem, par Osman-Bey, Ie major Vlad. Andrejevich, fils de Mme Kibrizli Mehemet Pacha (Paris, 1877), its translation, Gl'lnglesi in Oriente; tragedie e stragi, 1830-1832 (Venezia, 1882), Les Femmes en Turquie (Paris, 1878), Luttes sur Ie Rhin et sur Ie Danube entre Latins, Germains et Slaves (Paris, 1879), Les Imans et les derviches; pratiques, superstitions et meers des Turcs (Paris, 1881), and Les Russes en 1877-1878; guerre d'Orient (Berlin, 1889). In a different vein, although using the same pseudonyms, he wrote La conquete du monde par les Juifs, 10e edition intern ationale, augmentee de Revelations sur I'AI/iance israelite universelle (1887), its translations, Die Eroberung der Welt durch die Juden (Basel, 1873), and The Conquest of the world by the Jews (St. louis, 1878), La Guerre a I'horizon; chances pour et contre (lyon, 1890), Le Partage de I'Afrique selon la fable d'Esope (1894). All these works appeared also in other editions and translations. His other writings include La Turquie sous Ie reqne d'Abdul-Aziz ... accompagnee d'une carte inedite de l'Armenle orientale (Paris, 1868), Wild life among the Koords (london, 1870), Type~KiiJ npOaOaHUK on» oyccseeo conoeme (Tiflis, 1877), Revelations sur I'assassinat d'Alexandre " (Geneve, 1886), his autobiography, Wie ich Mutter [Mallk-Khanam] und Vaterland rechte; Memoiren von Osman-Bey, Kibrizli-Zade (Berlin, 1889), La Crise orientale, 1895-1896 (Philippoli, 1896), and Etudes sur les racines arabes, sanscrites et turques (Paris, 1898). He was also the translator of Turkish works, including Les Plaisanteries de Nasr-Eddin Hodja (Paris, 1876), Sottisier de Nasr-Eddin Hodja (Bruxelles, 1878), and La Morale musulmane, ou I'Akhlaghi-Hamide, of Mehmed Sa'id Efendi [Ozege, #244] (Paris, 1888). He died after 1896. On the basis of the little available evidence, and without a great deal of effort, it is difficult to be more precise. Ii

5uo6u6nuoapacjJu4ecKuu cnoeeps omesecmeennux mtopeonoeoe (1974), p. 105; BLC; BN; Dictionnaire de biographie trenceise; Grand Larousse encyctopedique. 1960-1969; Kirk; LC; Ozege, M. Seyfettin, Eski hartlerle basllml§ TOrkge eserler katalogu (1971); Revue numismatique 4e serie, t. 20 (1916), pp. 123-124; Osman Bey's autobiography

Osmanov, Magomed-Nuri Osmanovich, born 6 February 1924 at Makhachkala, Daghestan, he received a doctorate in 1971 with a thesis entitled cmuns nepcuocxot) n033UU IX-X aa. In 1981, he was appointed a professor. His writings include 4acmomHbliJ cnoeepe (1970), Cmunb nepcuoceomaa>KUKCKOiJ n033UU (1976), and nepCUaCKO-PYCCKuiJ cnoeeps (1983); he also translated works from the Persian of Omar Khayyam and Firdawsi. Miliband; Miliband2 Osmanova, Zoia Grigor'evna, born 12 April 1924 at Baku, she received a doctorate in 1975 with a thesis entitled Xyoo>KeCmaeHHafi KOH~enu,UR nuunocmu a numepamypax Coeemckoeo Bocmose. She was a specialist in twentieth century literature of Iran and Tajikistan. Her writings include M. TOPbKUiJ u numepamypa t1paHa (1961), Mup30 Tvpcyn-ssoe (1961) and 04epK ucmopuu mypKMeHcKoiJ coeemcxoii numepamypbl = Ocherki ta'rikhi adabieti soveti turkman (1980). Miliband; Miliband2 Osnitskaia, Irina Andreevna, born 25 November 1932 at Khalilov, Russia, she graduated in 1955 from the Oriental Faculty, leningrad. She was a Hamito-Semitic philologist. Her writings include XaycapyCCKUiJ cnoees (1963). Miliband; Miliband2 ; Unesco

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Ossendowski, Antoni Ferdynand, born 27 May 1876, he studied at St. Petersburg and Paris, where he received a doctorate. He was a chemist and a traveller who had a chequered career in Russia as a teacher, military consultant, and political prisoner. He was a man with a firm belief in the superiority of the Aryan race. His many writings include Beasts, men, and gods (1922), The fire of the desert folk (1926), Plomienna polnoc; proaoz po Afryce polnocnej (1926) Flammendes Afrika; quer durch Marokko (1927), and Esclaves du soleil (1931). He died in 1945. Sven Hedin wrote the biography, Ossendowski und die Wahrheit (1925). CIDMEL; Dziekan; NEP; PSB Osten, Necmi, born in 1908 at Constantinople, he obtained a doctorate and became a member of the teaching staff of the school of political science, Ankara, and a sometime M.P. for Giresun. His writings include ikinci DOnya Sava§lnln bilinmeyen yanlan; bir miletvekilinin eruler), 1943-1952. He died in 1992. LC von der Osten, Hans Henning, born in 1899, he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the University of Chicago, and in 1927 co-director of its Anatolian Expedition. His writings include Explorations in Hittite Asia Minor (1927-30), and The discoveries in Anatolia, 1930-31 (1933). He died in 1960. NUC von der Osten-Sacken, Carl Robert Romanovich Freiherr, born in 1828 at St. Petersburg, he entered the Russian diplomatic service and was posted to the U.S., where he stayed on as a private citizen until 1877, when he settled in Heidelberg, Germany. He died 20 May 1906. BiDAmS; DAB, vol. 14, pp. 7888; Master (2)

von der Osten-Sacken, Theodor R., fl. 19th cent., he was a secretary of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society and accompanied an expedition to the Tien Shan in 1867. Henze

Oster, Kenneth S., Dr., he was in 1979 a director, Seventh-Day Adventist Church in the area of the Persian Gulf. His writings include Islam reconsidered (1979), To Persia with love (1980), and The role of Christianity and Islam in the cosmic perspective of God and man (1992), a revised edition of Cosmic perspective of God and man (Nicosia, 1978). LC Osterle, Hans Joachim, born 27 March 1952 at Frankfurt am Main, he studied Greek, philosophy, and Semitics at the Universitat GieBen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1978 with a thesis entitled Platons Staatsphilosophie im Dialog 'Politikos.' Thesis

Ostermann, Andrei Ivanovich, Graf, born Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann, 9 July 1688 at Bochum, Germany, he studied law at the Unlversltat Jena, where he became implicated in a fatal duell, and escaped to the Staten-Generaal (States-General). In 1703 he entered Russian service, where he was de facto ruler from 1725 to 1740. After czarina Elizabeth's accession to the throne in 1741, he was arrested and condemned to death, but the sentence was commuted to life in exile in Beresov, where he died 31 May 1747. DtBE; EncBrit; GSE von Osterreicher, LUdwig Tobias Freiherr, born Tobias Jacob Osterreicher, 13 June 1831 at Schaffa, Moravia, he graduated from the Marine-Akademie in 1848 and then entered the Austrian navy. After he was baptized Ludwig in 1856, he advanced rapidly and when he retired he was a rear-admiral. From 1867 to 1873, he was in charge of marine mapping in the Adriatic Sea. From 1876 to 1881, he was head of Marine-Abteilung at the Reichskriegsministerium. He was awarded Ritter in 1872, and Freiherr in 1879. His writings include Aus fernem Osten und Westen (1879). He died in Wien, in 1893. JOdLex; Wininger von Osterroht, Helene Karoline Martha, 1857-1942 see Awetaranian, Helene Karoline Martha

Osthaus, Karl Ernst, born 15 April 1874 at Hagen, Germany, he studied history of art, philosophy, and natural science at the universities of Kiel, MOnchen, Berlin, StraBburg, Wien, and Bonn and received a Dr.phil. He was an industrialist and an art collector. He founded the Museum Folkwang in his home town, where later a Karl-Ernst-Osthaus-Museum was established. He died in Merano, Italy, on 27 March 1921. Bioln,15; DtBE Ostir, Karl (Karel), he received a Dr.phil. in 1919 from the Universitat Graz for his thesis, Der Uridg. Langvokal, intransitiv; Exkurs aber griechisch ttttto; He was a sometime university lecturer whose writings include Beitrage zur alarodischen Sprachwissenschaft (1921), and Drei vorslavischetruskische Vogelnamen (1930). GV Ostle, Robin C., born 22 March 1944, she received a D.Phil. in 1970 from Oxford for her thesis, The rise and development of lyrical poetry in modern Arabic. In 1993, she was a lecturer in Arabic at St. John's College, Oxford. She edited Modern literature in the Near and Middle East, 1850-1970 (1990). DrBSMES, 1993; LC; Sluglett

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Ostling, Sven Erick, born in 1936, his writings include En ny nationalism i Latinamerika (1971), Arabiska beivon i sakerhetspolitiskt perspektiv (1980), and a number of booklets on Third World affairs in the 1970s.

LC

Ostrogorski, Georgije, born 19 January 1902 at St. Petersburg, he went to school in Russia until the revolution of 1917, after which he went to Germany, where he read history and Slavic studies and received doctorates from the universities of Heidelberg and Breslau in 1927 and 1928 respectively. He taught at Breslau until 1933, when he went to Beograd to teach and later held the chair of Byzantine studies until his retirement. His writings include Geschichte des byzantinischen Staates (1940), and t1cmopuja Busenmuje (1947). He died 24 October 1976. SOdost-Forschungen, 36 (1977), pp. 234-235 Ostroumov, N. V., fl. 1891, his writings include reoapacjJiR Typxecmencseeo KpaR (1886).

NUC

Ostroumov, Nikolai Petrovich, born in 1846 (or 1844 or 1848), he studied at the ecclesiastical academy CQyxoBHafl AKap,eMl-1fl), Kazan, where he held the chair of Anti-Islamic subjects (Kaepep,pa npOTl-1BoMycyIlbMaHCKl-1X npep,MeToB) from 1870 to 1877, when he went to Tashkent, where he remained until his death in 1930. He maintained a lifelong affiliation with the periodical Typsecmenckue eeoouocmu. His writings include Lfmo mesoe Kopen? (1883), CyoaHcKiu Maxou u e03HUKwee e 1881 aooy eocmenie cyoencku« MycynbMaH (1889), Cepmu; 3mHoapacjJUl/eCKie Mamepianbl (18901895), Apeeu» u Kooe» (1899), Kopen u npoepecc (1901), and 3muMonoauR ceomoeoxeeo R3blKa (1910). Under the overall series title t1cnaMoeeoeHie, he summarized his researches in five monographs from 1910 to 1916: Aoeeu« - Konbl6enb ucneue, KopaH - penueuoeno-seroucoemensnut) KooeKc MycynbMaH, ,aoaMambl KopaHa6, Wapuam no tukone (Ma3xab) A6y XaHucjJbl, and Beeonue e KYpC ucneuoeeoenun. He died 17 or 18 November 1930. BiobibSOT, pp. 229-231; Krachkovskii Ostrovskii, Boris IAkovlevich, born 2 March 1941, he was a graduate of the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and a lecturer since 1981. During his studies he spent the 1962/63 academic year in Afghanistan. His writings include KapMaHblu PyccKo-oapu cnoeepe (1987), and he was joint author of Yl/e6HbIUoyccso-oepu cnoeeos (1983). Miliband 2 Ostrowski, JOrgen D., fl. 1975, his writings include Irans Steuerrecht; ein Leitfaden far die Praxis (1976), and he was joint author of Iran-Engagement; Einfohrung in das Gesellschaftsrecht, Steuerrecht und Volksaktienprogramm (1977).

0strup, Johannes Elith, born 27 July 1867, he studied classical and Oriental languages, also in Egypt and Syria, and received his doctorate in 1891 from Kebenhavns Universitet for his thesis, Studier over Tusind of en Nat, its translations, nscneooeene 0 1001 HOl/U (1904), and Studien Ober 1001 Nacht (1925). From 1891 to 1893 he made a three thousand-mile trip through Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, the story of which he related in his Skiftende horisonter (1894), and its translation, Vaxlande horisont (1894). He later became a professor at his university. His writings include Contes de Damas recueillis et traduits (1897), Islam i det nittende aarhundred (1923), its translation, Islam under det nittonde emundredet (1924), Orientalske h0f1ighedsformler og h0f1ighedsformer (1927), its translation, Orientalische Hotticntcel: (1929), Maurerne og Marokko (1928), its translation, Die Mauren und Marokko (1928), Det nye IEgypten (1929), Det nye Tyrki (1931), and his reminiscences, Erindringer (1937). He died 5 May 1938. DanskBL; DanskBL2; ScBlnd (1) Ostwald, Ernst Paul, born 21 December 1884 at Magdeburg, Germany, he studied at the universities of Berlin and Halle, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1908 for his thesis, Erzbischof Adalgoz von Magdeburg. His writings include Der imperialistische Gedanke in der Weltgeschichte (1922), Von Versailles 1871 bis Versailles 1920 (1922), and Japans Weg von Genf nach San Franszisko (1955). O'Sullivan, Paul Michael, born 22 March 1890 at Toronto, Ontario, he was a graduate of the University of Toronto, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1922. Since 1926 he was a professor of physiology at his university and specialized in the history of medicine. American men of science, 1933 Osvald, Jifi, fl. 1971, his writings include Teheranska hovorove perstine (Praha, 1971). Osztern, Salamon Pal, born 25 January 1879 at Budapest, he was a secondary school teacher and an Orientalist who had studied at Leiden, MOnchen and Paris, and received a doctorate. His writngs include Legalisan vad ala helyezett allatok (Budapest, 1908). He died after 1934. MagyarZL EI-Oteifi, Gamal, 1925- see al-'Utayfi, Gamal ai-Din Otero, Modesto L6pez, 1885- see L6pez Otero, Modesto

otetea, Andrei, born 24 July, or 5 August, 1894 at Sibiel, near Hermannstadt, Transylvania, he was educated at Sibiu and Brasov (Kronstadt), and then spent seven years on a Romanian scholarship at Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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the Sorbonne, where he received a doctorate in 1926 for his thesis, Frangois Guich ardin, sa vie publique et sa pensee politique. He was successively a professor of history at the universities of la~i and Bucuresti and a specialist on the Balkans, particularly the struggle for independence from Ottoman rule. His writings include Rena§terea §i reforma (1941). He died 29 March 1977. MicDcEnc, 1986; Sudost-Forschungen 36 (1977), pp. 230-231; WhoRom; WhoWor, 1974

Ott, Carlos A., born 16 October 1946 at Montevideo, he was educated in Uruguay, and was a Fulbright Scholar in the United States as well as a member of several international architectural societies. He was resident in Toronto since 1983. His writings include Evolugao das artes plasticas nas Igrejas (1979). Bioln, 13; Canadian, 1985-19951 Ott, David H., born 20th cent., he wrote Palestine in perspective; politics, human rights & the West Bank (1980), and Public international law in the modern world (1987). lC Ottaviano, Carmelo, born 18 January 1906 at Modica, Sicily, he was a professor of history and philosophy at Italian universities as well as founding editor of the periodical Sophia in 1933. His writings include Critica dell'idealismo (1936), its translation, Kritik des Idealismus (1941), Metafisica dell'essere parziale (1942), and La soluzione scientifica del problema politio (1954). Chi e, 1940, 1948, 1961; IndBI (1); Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958

Otte, Friedrich W. K., born 15 November 1881, he received a Dr.phil. from the Universitat Jena in 1921 for his thesis, Entwicklungstendenzen im Abgabewesen und in der auslandischen Finanzkon-trolle China's. He was a lecturer at a customs academy in Peking, 1912-1915, and a professor at the Imperial University, Peking, 1922-1926. In 1935, he was appointed a lecturer at the Auslandshochschule in Berlin. His writings include Translations from modern Chinese (1916), and China; wirtschaftspolitische Landeskunde (1927). GV; KOrschner, 1928/29, 1931, 1935, 1940/411 Ottenberg, Simon, born 6 June 1923 at N.Y.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1957 from Northwestern University for his thesis, The system of authority of the Afikpo Ibo of southeastern Nigeria. From 1955 until his retirement he was a professor of anthropology at the University of Washington, Seattle. His writings include Boyhood rituals in an African society (1989). American men and women of science, 19735, 1976P; ConAu, 33-36, new rev., 35; Master (2) Unesco; WrDr, 1976-1999

von Ottenfels-Gschwind, Franz Freiherr, born 12 June 1778 at Klagenfurt, Austria, he was educated at the Theresianische Militar Akademie and the Orientalische Akademie, Wien. In 1802, he became a student interpreter at the Legation in Constantinople and subsequently a full interpreter. He was sent on several missions to Paris where he effected the restitution of Austrian works of art and Oriental manuscripts. From 1822 to 1832 he was a Papal delegate at Constantinople. Since 1835 he served as head of the home office at the Austrian chancellery and was a deputy of Metternich. He died in Wien, 17 March 1851. DtBE; Kosch; GBl; Wurzbach

Otlenheimer, Martin S., born 18 JUly 1939 at N.Y.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Tulane University for his thesis, Domoni; formal analysis and ethnography of a Comoro Island community. He was a professor of anthropology at Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kan., since 1969. His writings include Marriage in Domoni (1985), Forbidden relatives (1996), and he was joint author of Historical dictionary of the Coromo Islands (1994). American men and women of science, 19735, 1976P; National faculty directory, 1995-1999

Ottley, Henry, 1811-1878, his writings include The errors and mischiefs of modern diplomacy, as based upon the assumed prerogative of the Crown in matters of peace and war (London, 1872). Britlnd Ottley, Henry Bickersteth, born in 1851, he was a graduate of St. John's College, Oxford, and a clergyman. His writings include The great dilemma; Christ His own witness or His own accuser (1881), and Modern Egypt; its witness to Christ: Lectures after a visit to Egypt in 1883, published under the Tract Committee of the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge (1884). He died 21 March 1932. Britlnd (3); Who was who, 3

Otto, Gisela Buschendorf, fl. 1961 see Buschendorf-Otto, Gisela Olto, GOnter, fl. 1976, he gained a doctorate and became a judge at Hamm, Germany. His writings include Ehe- und Familiensachen mit Auslanderbeteiligung und nach euslenatscnem Recht, 3rd ed., (1983). Otto, Karl-Heinz, born 9 September 1915 at Kassel, Germany, he was an archaeologist and a director of the Institut fur Ur- und FrOhgeschichte, Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, since 1968, and editor of Ethnographisch-archaologische Zeitschrift since its inception to 1969. He was joint author of Felsbilder aus dem sudanesischen Nubien (1993). KOrschner, 1966-19761; lC

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Otto-Dorn, Katharina, born 5 March 1908 at Wiesbaden, Germany, she received a Dr.phil. in 1949 at Heidelberg with a thesis entitled TOrkische Keramik in Kleinasien. She was affiliated with the Deutsches Archaoloqlsches Institut, Istanbul, since 1936. In 1953 she accepted the chair of history of art at istanbul Oniversitesi; in 1967 she went to the U.S.A. Her writings include Das is/amische Iznik (1941), TOrkische Keramik (1957), and Kunst des Islam (1964), and its translation, L'art de /'islam (1967). She was honoured by the jubilee volume, Essays in Islamic art and archaeology in honor of Katharina OttoDorn (1981). She died in Heidelberg, 4 April 1999. Kurschner, 1950-19761; Schwarz; Wer ist wer, 19621976/771; Widemann, p. 226, Nr. 69; ZOMG, 152 (2002), pp. 5-9

d'Otton-Loyewski, Stanislas Witold Charles, fl. 1962. He was a French officer and served in French West Africa with the rank of colonel. His writings include Rezzous sur l'Adrar (1942). LC Otuken, Adnan Cahit, born in 1911 at Manastrr, Turkey, he studied Turkish and French language and literature at Istanbul and was sent to Germany by the Turkish Ministry of Education to study library science. He was briefly a lecturer in library science at Ankara before he was made director of publications of the Ministry of Education. In 1946 the Ministry assigned to him the task of founding the Turkish National Library at Ankara. His writings include Bibliyotek bilgisi ve bibliyografi (1940), and Milli KOtOphane kurulurken (1946). He died in Istanbul, 2 March 1972. CurBio, 1954; IntAu&Wr, 1977; IntWW,1974-1983; Meydan

van Oudenhoven, Nicolaas Johannes Antonius, his writings include Debielen in de maatschappij (1969), a work which was submitted as a doctoral thesis in the same year at the Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht. He also wrote Common Afghan street games (1979). Brinckman's; LC Ould Cheikh, Yedali see Cheikh, Yedali Quid Ould Daddah, Moktar, 1924- see Daddah, Moktar Quid Ould Jiddou, Ahmed see Jiddou, Ahmed Quid Oulle, Marthe, 1901-1941, she received a doctorate in 1926 from the Universite de Paris for her thesis, Le cosmopolitisme du prince de Ligne, 1735-1814. She was a writer of travel literature including Bidon 5, en rallye a travers Ie Sahara (1931), and Les Antilles, filles de France (1935). NUC, pre-1956 Ouseley, Sir Gore, born 24 June 1770, he was privately educated and went to India in pursuit of commercial interests. He learned Persian, Bengali, and some Arabic. In 1810 he was made ambassador extraordinary to Persia and, in 1812, negotiated the Perso-English Treaty. After his return home he was engaged in learned orientalist institutions. His writings include Biographical notices of Persian poets (1846). He died 18 November 1844. Buckland; OcBiPP; ONB; Riddick; Wright Ouseley, Sir William, born in 1767 in Monmouthshire, Wales, he studied Persian at Paris and Leiden and accompanied his brother, Sir Gore, on his diplomatic mission to Persia as a private secretary. His writings include Persian miscellanies; an essay to facilitate the reading of Persian manuscripts (1795), Travels in various countries of the East, more particularly Persia (1819-1823), the translation, The oriental geography of Ebn Haukal (1800), and he was the editor of the periodical, Oriental collections (1797-1799). He died in Bologne in 1842. ONB; EncBrit; Henze; Wright Oustry, Maximilien, born 9 May 1886 at Dra-el-Mizan, Algeria, he enlisted in 1905 in the French Army and became intetpret» stagiaire in 1907, and, in 1909, interprete de 3e classe. He left the army in 1910, but was recalled in 1914 for war-time service with the Service aux Renseignements du Maroc. He was assassinated at Tafilalet on 3 June 1918. Peyronnet, p. 872 Outram, Sir James, Baronet, born 29 January 1803, at Butterley Hall, Derbyshire, he was educated at the Marischal College, Aberdeen. He entered the Indian Army in 1819 and served in India and had brief spells of duty in Aden and Persia. He retired to England in poor health and died in Pau, 11 March 1863. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Frederic John Goldsmid wrote James Outram; a biography (1880). Buckland; CelCen; OcBiPP; ONB; EncAm; EncBrit; Riddick; WhoMilH, 1987; Wright, pp. 60-61 Ovchinnikova, Irina Konstantinovna, born 11 March 1923 at Penza, Russia, she was a graduate of Moscow State University, where she also received her doctorate in 1951 for her thesis, cunmexcuuecxoe ucnonssoeenue nepcuocxoeo nocnenoaa «pe» e eeo ucmopuu. She was a lecturer since 1954. Her writings include Ylfe6HuK nepcuocxoeo R3blKa (1956), and PyCCKO-nepCUaCKUU cnoeeos (1965). She died 18 May 1979. Miliband; Miliband2 Oved, Georges, born 9 February 1921 at Lyon, he gained a diploma at l'Ecole normale d'administration, Paris, and was affiliated with the Commissariat general du Plan from 1953 to 1956. Thereafter he was an economic and financial adviser to the Moroccan government until 1961. His writings

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include La gauche trenceise et Ie nationalisme marocain, 1905-1955, a work which was originally submitted as requirement for his doctorat d'etat at the Universite de Paris I in 1983. THESAM, 1; Unesco

Ovejero y Bustamente, Andres, born in 1877 at Madrid, he was a professor in Puerto Rico and Madrid. His writings include Concepto actual del museo artistico (1934), and Isabel I y la politica africanista espanola (1951). Figuras, 1950; Ossorio Ovendale, Ritchie, born 28 March 1944 at Pretoria, South Africa, he studied in South Africa, Canada, and at Oxford, where he received a Ph.D. in 1972. Since 1968 he was a member of the academic staff of University College Wales at Aberystwyth. His writings include The origins of the Arab-Israeli wars (1984), Britain, the United States, and the end of the Palestine mandat, 1942-1948 (1989), and The Middle East since 1914 (1992). WhoWor, 1989/901 Overbeck, Hermann, born 21 March 1900 at Aachen, Germany, he was a professor of geography at the Universltat Heidelberg from 1952 to his retirement. His writings include Raum und Politik in der deutschen Geschichte (1929). Klirschner, 1950-19921~ Weristwer, 1962 Overton, Robert, pseud., 1925- see Knox-Mawer, Ronald Ovesen, Jan, born in 1945, his writings include Antropologi og etnografi; en fagbibliografisk oversigt (1986), and the two booklets, The orchestration of Lobi funerary ritual (1987), and Ethnic identification in the Voltaic region (1987). LC Ovezov, K, fl. 1965, he received his first degree in 1975 at Tashkent with a thesis entitled 113 ucmopuu xcepooennu» 8 Atpeenucmene. ZKO

Ovilo y Canales, Felipe, born 19th cent., he was a military physician posted to the Spanish Legation, Tanger. His writings include Intimidades de Marruecos (1894). He died in 1909. Ossorio Ovinnikov, Richard Sergeevich, born in 1930 at Voronezh, Russia, he was a graduate of the Institute of International Relations, Moscow, and received a doctorate in history. He was a member of the permanent mission of the USSR to the United Nations from 1970 to 1977. In 1990 he was appointed ambassador to Canada. His writings include X03f1e8a aHanUUCKOU nonumuku (1966), Ceepxuonononuu (1978), Yonn-cmpum u 8HeWHfIfi nonumuke (1980), Sueseeu 8HeWHeu ttonumuku CiliA (1986), and its translation, Zigzags of US foreign policy (1986). IntYB, 1998; WhoUN,1975 Ovnanian, Suren Vartanovich, fl. 1969. His writings include noobeM pa604e20 08U>KeHUfl8 Aycmpuu, 1905-190622. (1957), and ApMflHo-60naapcKue ucmoouuecxue C8f13U u nonoeune XIX 8. (1968). LC Oweiss ('Uways), Ibrahim Mohamed, born 25 September 1931 in Egypt, he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of Minnesota for his thesis, Oligopolistic pricing of wheat in the world trade. In 1990 he was a professor of economics at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. His writings include the pam-phlet, The Israeli economy, a war economy (1974). Master (1); MESA Roster of members, 1990; WhoAm, 1984-1988/89; WhoArab, 1981-1997/98

Owen, Charles Archibald, born 4 August 1885 at Winchester, Kan., he received a Ph.D. in 1921 at Yale University with a thesis entitled Selections from Abu Satid Mansur's Kitab Nathr al-durar. He was a professor of English who taught at Assiut College in Egypt from 1908 to 1911. He died in 1951. Selim; WhAm, 3

Owen, David, fl. 1956, he was since 1952 an executive chairman of the U.N. Technical Assistance Board. Note Owen, Edward Roger John, born in 1935, he received a D.Phil. in 1966 from Oxford with a thesis entitled Cotton production and the development of the economy in nineteenth-century Egypt. He was a lecturer in modern economic history of the Middle East at St. Antony's College, Oxford, from 1964 to 1993, when he was appointed the first A. J. Meyer Professor of Middle East Economic History at Harvard, a post which he still held in 1999. Concurrently, but with interruptions, he served as a director of the Middle East Centre, St. Antony's College, between 1971 and 1993. His writings include Cotton and the Egyptian economy, 1820-1914 (1969), The Middle East in the world economy (1981), and State, power and politics in the making of the modern Middle East (1992). Directory of BRISMES members, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; NatFacDr, 1999; Sluglett

Owen, John Elias, born 17 January 1919 at Manchester, he received a Ph.D. in 1949 from the University of Southern California with a thesis entitled Sociological tought of Leonard T. Hobhouse. He held many academic positions from 1949 to 1968, when he was appointed a professor of sociology at Arizona State University, Tempe. He was a Fulbright lecturer in sociology at Dacca, 1958/59, and an U.N. adviser to Dacca University, 1960-1963. He edited Sociology in East Pakistan (1962). AmM&WS, 1973S, 1978S; ConAu, 9-12, new rev. 4; Master (3)

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64 Owen, R. P., major, fl. 1973, he was for four years a liaison officer for Shell International in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, served six years as Intelligence Officer to the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station, and Naval Intelligence Officer in the Persian Gulf area. In the early 1970s he again visited Oman. After resigning the military service, he worked as a free-lance writer on Middle East affairs. Note about the author Owen, Roger, 1935- see Owen, Edward Roger John Owen, Thomas Richard Hornby, fl. 1933-1938,. he wrote Hunting big game with gun and camera in Africa (1960). BCL Owen, Wyn Foster, born 23 December 1923 at Dorrigo, Australia, he received a Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Wisconsin, and was appointed a professor of economics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, in 1964. His writings include the booklet, Academic orientation for foreign graduate students (1967), and American agriculture (1969). American men and women of science, 1973 S, 1978 S;

ConAu, 115; Master (1)

Owens, Jonathan, he received a Ph.D. in 1978 at SOAS with a thesis entitled Aspects of Nubian grammar. His writings include A short reference grammar of eastern Libyan Arabic (1984), A grammar of Harar Oromo (1985), The foundations of grammar; an introduction to medieval Arabic grammatical theory (1988), and Early Arabic grammatical theory (1990). LC; Sluglett Ownby, Powell, fl. 1966, he was an educator who spent ten years in Saudi Arabia. sometime teacher at the College of Marin in Kentwood, California. Note about the author

He was a

Oxtoby, Willard Gurdon, born 29 July 1933 at Kentfield, Cal., he was educated at Stanford University and Princeton, where he received a Ph.D. in 1962 for Some inscriptions of the Safaitic Bedouin. He taught at various American universities before he became a professor of religion at Trinity College, Toronto, Ont., in 1971. His writings include Ancient Iran and Zoroastrianism in Festschriften (1973). ConAu,49; DrAS, 1974-1982; DrASCan,1983; Selim

Oyler, David Smith, born 11 January 1881 at Nortonville (Kan. or Ky.), he graduated from Sterling College and Xenia Theological Seminary, Ohio, and gained a doctorate. He served as a missionary under the United Presbyterian Church at Doleib Hill in the Egyptian Sudan from 1910 to 1927 when he was obliged to return to America for health reasons and become a pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Cutler, Illinois, where he died in November 1934. Hill; Shavit Oyler, Lillian nee Picken, she served in the Sudan with her husband, David Smith Oyler, as a missionary in the Sudan. She died after 1934. Oyrzanowski, Bronislav, born 4 May 1913 at Kutno, Poland, he studied at Warszawa, LSE, and M.I.T. He was a professor of economics at Universytetu Jagiellonskiego, Krakow. KtoPolsce, 1993 Ozbaran, Salih, born 12 May 1940 at Turgutlu, Turkey, he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from SOAS for The Ottoman Turks and the Portuguese in the Persian Gulf, 1534-1581. He was a professor of history successively at istanbul Oniversitesi, Ege Oniversitesi, and Dokuz EylOI Oniver-sitesi. His writings include Tarih ve ogretimi (1992), and The Ottoman response to European expansion (1994). Kim

kimdir, 1997/98, 1999; Sluglett

Ozbudun, Ergun, born 1 July 1937 at Ankara, he was a professor at the Faculty of Law, Ankara Oniversitesi. His writings include Social change and political participation in Turkey (1977), 1921 eneyesesi (1992), he was joint author of Electoral politics in the Middle East (1980), and joint editor of Atatilrk, founder of a modern state (1981). ConAu, 126 Ozelli, M. Tunc, born 18 May 1938 at Ankara, he received a Ph.D. in 1976 from Columbia University for Costs and benefits of educational investments in the first Turkish Republic. Since 1972 he was a professor of management at the New York Institute of Technology, a post which he still held in 1999. National faculty directory, 1995-1999; Who's who in the East, 1991/92-1999/2000; Who's who in finance and industry, 19921998/99

Oznobishin, Dmitrii Petrovich, 1804-1877, he translated from the English of Edward George L. B.-L. Lytton, CU3UC/Jb u cuepm» (1877). Hapoobl Asuu U AC/JpuKu, 1976, no. 3, pp. 225-233; NUC, pre-1956 Ozsel~uk, Nusret, he was a Turkish major-general who had resigned in 1980.

Oztuna, Abdullah Tahsin Yilmez, born 20 September 1920 at Constantinople, he was a historian whose writings include Petite histoire de la Turquie (1976), Ba§langlclndan zememmize kadar bilyilk Tilrkiye tarihi (1977-79), Osmanll devleti tarihi (1986), Abdillkaadir Meragi (1988), Die Ostfragen lm letzten Viertel des XX. Jahrhunderts (1989), and Rumeli'ni kaybimiz (1990). Kim kimdir, 1997/98, 1999 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Paasonen, Heikki, born in 1865 at Mikkeli, Finland, he gained a doctorate in philosophy in 1894 and became a philologist and a folklorist. In 1904 he was appointed a professor of Finno-Ugric philology at Helsingfors University. His writings include Tschuwaschiches Worterverzeichnis (1908), its translations, Csuvas sz6jegyzek (Budapest, 1908), and 9uvas sozlligli (istanbul, 1950), Gebreuche und Volksdichtung der Tschuwassen (1949), and Mischartatarische Volksdichtung (1953). He died in Helsingfors in 1919. EncicUni; RNL; ScBlnd (1) Paassen, Pieter Antonie Laurusse van, 1895-1968 see Van Paasen, Pieter (Pierre) Antonie Laurusse Pabst, Klaus Eberhard, born 3 August 1941 at Magdeburg, Germany, he studied linguistics, particularly Oriental languages, at the Universitat Halle where received a Dr.phil. degree in 1978 with a thesis entitled Die vier arabischen Obersetzungen des ersten Bandes des "Kapitals" von Karl Marx. He taught at his alma mater until 1990 when his tenure was probably revoked after German reunification. His writings include Kleines Worterbuch marxistisch-Ieninistischer Termini (1986). Thesis Paccard, Andre, fl. 1979-1987, his writings include Le Maroc et I'artisanat traditionel islamique dans J'architecture (1979), its translation, Traditional Islamic craft in Moroccan architecture (1980), and Mamounia, Marrakech, Maroc (1987). LC Pace, Biagio, born 13 November 1889 at Comiso (Ragusa), he studied classical and Byzantine art, and became a professor of archaeology and history successively at the universities of Palermo, Pisa, and Napoli. His writings include Introduzione allo studio dell'archeologia (1939). He died in 1955. Chi e,1928-1948; Salomone; IndBI (2)

Pach, Zsigmond Pal, born 4 October 1919 at Budapest, he was a professor of economic history, and later dean, Budapest University. His writings include Levantine trade and Hungary in the middle ages (1975), and The Transylvanian route of Levantine trade at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries (1980). AkKisL; Fekete; MagyarNKK, 1992-1998; WhoSocC, 1978 Pacheco, Francisco de Asis, born 4 January 1852 at Lucena (C6rdoba), he obtained a doctorate in law and was the editor and publisher of several periodicals. His writings include La ley del jurado (1888). He died in Madrid, 27 November 1897. Cuenca; Ossorio Pacho, Jean Raimond, born in 1794 at Nice, he was a botanist and a good draughtsman who went to Egypt in 1818 and, with the support of the British consul, Henry Salt, began to travel in Eygypt and since 1824 also in the Libyan Desert. His journey took him by way of the Siwa Oasis to Cyrenaica, an accomplishment for which he received a prize from the Societe de geographique de Paris. But he was penniless and at the mercy of subsidies which were insufficient to live on. After burning all his papers he committed suicide in Paris, 26 January 1829. He wrote Relation d'un voyage dans la Marmarique, la cyrenetque et les oasis d'Audjelah et de Maradeh (1827-1829). Egyptology; Embacher; EncBrit; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; Hoefer; Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 386-388; IndexBFr 2 (4)

Pacholczyk, J6sef Marcin, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from U.C.L.A. for Regulative principles in the Koran chant of Shaikh t,4bdu'I-Basit t,4bdus-Samad. In 1999, he was a professor at the School of Music in the University of Maryland at College Park. NatFacDr, 1999-2000; Selim Pachundaki, D. E., born 19th cent., he was a corresponding member of the Institut egytien, and a member of the Societe geologique de France. His writings include Contribution a t'etude geologique des environs de Marsa Matrouh (Alexandrie, 1907). Pack, Roger Ambrose, born 12 September 1907 at Ann Arbor, Mich., he received a Ph.D. in 1934 from the University of Michigan for Studies in Libanius and Antiochene society. From 1934 to his retirement in 1974 he was a professor of classics at his university. ConAu, P-1, 13-16; DrAS, 1974, 1978; WhoAm, 1974/75-1980/81; WrDr, 1986-1996/981

Pacoste, Cornel, fl. 1975, he was a Rumanian deputy minister for foreign affairs.

Note

Paczensky und Tenczin, Gert von, born in 1925, he wrote Die Weil3en kommen; die wahre Geschichte des Kolonialismus (1970), Unser Volk am Jordan (1971), Faustrecht am Jordan (1978), and he was joint author of Leere Topfe, volle Tcpte; die Ku/turgeschichte des Essens und Trinkens (1994). LC Paddock, Judeh, fl. 1815-1819, he wrote A narrative of the shipwreck of the Oswego, on the coast of South Barbary, and of the sufferings of the master and the crew while in bondage among the Arabs (1818). Padel, Wilhelm, born 2 June 1866 at Kunitz, Germany, he studied law and Oriental languages at Berlin and Breslau. He was successively a dragoman at the German consulates in Constantinople, Saloniki, Jerusalem and Beirut from 1909 to 1911. He subsequently served four years as director of the Egyptische Hypothekenbank in Cairo. In 1915, he was consul in Damascus, and, in 1920, he entered Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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the German foreign service in Berlin. His writings include Das Hande/srecht, das Wechselrecht, das Konkursrecht und das Seehande/srecht der TOrkei (1907), TOrkisch; eine EinfOhrung in den praktischen Gebrauch der tarkiscnen Sprache (1917), Der Vertrag von sevres (1921), and he was joint author of De la legislation fonciere ottomane (1921). He died after 1931. Reichshandbuch der deutschen Gesellschaft, vol. 2 (1931)

Padelford, Norman Judson, born 18 November 1903 at Haverhill, Mass., he received a Ph.D. in 1928 from Harvard for The legal status of alien religious property situated in China. He was a professor of law, government, and diplomacy at various American universities. During the second World War he served as consultant in the U.S. Department of State, and, in 1945, he accompanied secretary Byrnes to the London Council of Foreign Ministers as adviser on international waterway questions. His writings include Peace in the Balkans (1935), and International politics (1954). He died in 1982. AmAu&B; AmM&WS, 1973 S; Bioln, 13 (2); Master (3); WhE&EA; WhAm, 8; WhoAm, 1974/75-1982

Padwick, Constance Evelyn, born 2 July 1886 at West Thorney, Sussex, she was educated at home in London. She studied briefly in Paris and, responding to the appeal of Christian allegiance, took up the study of New Testament Greek prior to her 1910 journey to Palestine which sealed her sense of missionary vocation. She eventually made her way to Egypt and apprenticed herself to the Nile Mission Press. She later qualified for a scholarship to pursue her Arabic and Islamic work at SOAS, where she specialized in Arab folklore. On her return to Egypt, she was active at the Near Eastern Council of Churches, and editor of Orient and Occident. She lived and travelled in the Arab East, mostly in Egypt and Palestine. In 1948, she went to Kordofan, where she wrote Arabic texbooks for the official Arabicization campaign. Her three years in the Sudan ended in a serious illness late in 1951. She retired in 1957 to Maiden Newton, Dorset, and died in Lower Odcombe, Somerset, in 1968. Her writings include Henry Martyn, confessor of the faith (1922), Temple Gairdner of Cairo (1929), Call to Istanbul (1958), and Muslim devotions (1961). Cragg; Muslim world 59 (1969), pp. 29-39 Paech, Norman, born 12 April 1938 at Bremerhaven, Germany, he studied at the universities of TObingen, MOnchen, Paris, and Hamburg, where he received a Dr.jur. in 1966 for his thesis, Tarifautonomie und staatliche Intervention. He was a professor at his university, and a joint author of Machtpolitik und V61kerrecht in den internationalen Beziehungen (1994). KOrschner, 1992, 1996; Thesis Paelian, Garabad Hagop, born in 1880, his writings include The Armenian question; a sketch (1909), Songs of Armenia (1919), and Landmarks in Armenian history (1942). NUC, pre-1956 Paes de Sande e Castro, Antonio see Castro, Antonio Paes de Sande e Paetow, Louis John, born 9 January 1880 at Milwaukee, Wise., he was a graduate of the University of Wisconsin and received a Ph.D. in 1906 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled The arts course at medieval universities. He was a professor of history at various American universities from 1914 to his retirement. His writings include A guide to the study of medieval history (1917), and he edited The Crusades, and other historical essays (1928). He died in Berkeley on 22 December 1928. DcNAA; NatCAB, 21, p. 39; WhAm, 1 Paevskaia, Elizabeta Vladimirovna, born 24 August 1920 at Torzhok, Russia, she was a graduate of the Moscow Faculty of History in 1944. In 1962, she was appointed a lecturer. Her writings include Peseu-mue 6eHBanbcKoCl numepemypu XII-XIX 88. (1979). Miliband; Miliband2 Pag, Hansgeorg, fl. 1969, he received a doctorate in 1957 from the Technische Universitat, Berlin, for his thesis, Hyponomenta-Arten a/s Schadlinge im Obstbau. Pagdi, Setumadhava Rao, M.A., born in 1910, his writings include Among the Gonds of Adilabad (1952), Eighteenth century Deccan (1963), Lectures on Maratha Mughal relations (1966), and "Semetthye ahe calavalice" (Bombay, 1994). LC Page, Andre Henri Charles, born 5 February 1924 at Aix-Ies-Bains (Savoie), he was a professor, and later director, Centre d'etudes juridiques de I'lnstitut de hautes etudes marocaines, Rabat, and successively a professor at the universities of Lyon and Grenoble. His writings include Economie politique (1967), and L'economie de t'educetion (1971). Unesco Page, Charles Herbert, born in 1866, he was a British naval engineer who served successively in the Egyptian coastguard, and the Egyptian war office since 1894. In 1901 he was transferred to the Sudan Government as assistant director of the steamers and boats department. He retired in 1918 and died in Kempsey, Woestershire, in 1938. Hill Page, Kirby, born 7 August 1890 at Fred, Texas, he was a graduate of Drake University and completed his D.O. in 1940. He was an evangelist preacher for the Disciples of Christ at home and abroad, a

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pacifist, and a lecturer. His writings include An American peace policy (1925), Imperialism and nationalism; a study of conflict in the Near East and of the territorial and economic expansion of the United States (1925), and Dollars and world peace (1927). He died in La Habra, Cal., 16 December 1957. AmAu&B; BiDMoPL; ObitOF,1979; NatCAB, v. 47, pp. 607-8; New York Times, 18 December 1957, p. 35, col. 1; WhNAA

Page, Melvin Eugene, born 25 March 1944 at Fresno, Calif., he received a Ph.D. in 1977 from Michigan State University with a thesis entitled Malawians in the Great War and after, 1914-1925. From 1971 to 1974 he was a lecturer at the University of Malawi. Since 1975 he was a professor of African history at Murray State University, Ky., and in 1995, he was a professor at Eastern Tennessee State University, Johnson City. His writings include Land and labor in rural Malawi (1971), and he was editor of Africa and the first World War (1987). Directory of American scholars, 1982 H; National faculty directory, 1995

Page, Stephen C., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from the University of Reading with a thesis entitled The development of Soviet policies and attitudes toward the countries of the Arabian Peninsula. In 1990, he was a professor at the Department of Political Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. His writings include The USSR and Arabia (1971), and The Soviet Union and the Yemens; influence in asymmetrical relationships (1985). MESA Roster of members, 1990; Sluglett Pageard, Robert, born in 1927 at Paris, he was a magistrate whose writings include Litterature negroafricaine (1966), and he edited Contes du Larhalle, suivis d'un recueil de proverbes et de devises du pays mossi (1963). BN; LC Pages de l'Arieqe, Jean Pierre, born 9 September 1784 at Arieqe, he was a lawyer, an editor, and a member of the Academie de Toulouse. After 1830, he was a member of the Chambre des deputees. His writings include Principes generaux du droit politique dans leur rapport avec I'esprit de I'Europe et avec la monarchie constitutionnelle (1817), and De la responsabilite ministrielle (1918). He died about 1854. Hoefer; Index BFr2 (1); NUC, pre-1956 Pagliaro, Antonino, born 1 January 1898 at Mistretta (Messina), he was a professor of comparative philology, including Persian, at the Universita di Roma until his retirement in 1971, when he became a professor emeritus. He was a member of the Accademia dei Lincei as well as other national and international learned societies. His writings include Epica e romanzo del medioevo persiano (1927); and he was joint author of Storia della letteretura persiana (1960). A memorial volume, Studi latini e romanzi in memoria di Antonino Pagliaro, was published in 1984. BioB134; Chi e, 1936-1961; Chi scrive; IndBI (3); Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958

Pagnozzi, Giuseppe R., born 25 January 1785 at Pistoia (Toscana). His writings include Geografia moderna universale ovvero descrizione fisica, statistica topografica di tutti i paesi conosciuti della terra (Firenze, 1822-1828). He died in 1825 IndBI (3); NUC, pre-1956 Pahl, Heinz, born about 1900, he received a doctorate in 1925 from the Universitat MOnchen for Der Konkurrenzkampf der Braunkohle und der Steinkohle am sOdbayerischen Markt. GV Pahl, Walther, Dr., he was in 1937 resident in Berlin. His writings include Kampf um Rohstoffe (1928), Afrika zwischen Schwarz LInd WeiB (1936), Das politische Antlitz der Erde (1938), and Die britische Machtpolitik (1940). Note about the author; NUC, pre-1956 Pahlavan, Christian, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1975 from the Universite de Paris I with a thesis entitled La revolution blanche en Iran. THESAM,4 Paikert, Alajos, born 31 March 1886 at Nagyszombat, Hungary, he was author of several pamphlets including A convenant for world peace (1922), A tureni gondolat politikai vonatkozasai (1926), and Les rapports politiques de la pensee touranienne (1936). He died in 1948. Ki-kicsoda, 1937 Paikova, Aza Vladimirovna, born 27 June 1932 at the village of Khenovo, Russia, she was a graduate of the Oriental Institute, Leningrad. Her writings include B MoeM eopooe uoem OO>KOb (1966), and fleaeHobl u CKa3aHUfl e nenemnuxex CUpUCiCKOCi eeuoepeipuu (1990). She died 30 November 1984. Miliband; Miliband2

Pa'iI, Meir, born 19 June 1936 at Jerusalem, he spent twenty-eight years in uniform, before and after the establishment of the State of Israel, and resigned with the rank of colonel. He was commander-inchief of the Central Officers' School in the Israel Defense Forces before he was elected member of the Knesset. He also was a lecturer in history at Tel Aviv University. Wholsrael, 1980/81; WhoWorJ,1978 Paine, Mabel Hyde, born 7 December 1877, her writings include The Divine art of living; selections from writings of Baha'ullah and Abdu'/-Baha (1944, 4th ed., 1978). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Pais, Dezso, born 20 March 1886 at Zalaegerszeg, Hungary, his writings include A magyar Iy hang 1955). He died in Budapest, 6 April 1973. MEL,1981

keraesenez (Budapest,

Paix, Catherine, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in 1976 from the Universite de Paris I for her thesis, Le Role des ectivites tertia ires dans I'organisation et la production des espaces dependantes. In 1975, she was a researcher at the Institut d'etude du developpernent economique et social, Universite de Paris. Her writings include Petites villes dependantes et sous-espaces oomines (1979), and she was joint author of Esprit d'entreprise et nouvelles synergies de part et d'autre du Pacifique (1997). LC; THESAM, 3

Paixhans, Henri Joseph, born 22 January 1783 at Metz, he graduated in 1803 from the military college, Saint-Cyr, and advanced to the rank of general. He made great improvements in artillery development. His writings include Force et faiblesse militaires de la France (1830), and its translation, Militarische Starke und scnweche von Frankreich (1841). He died in Jouy-aux-Arches, near Metz, 19 August 1854. OcBiPP; GdeEnc; Hoefer; Index BFr2 (4) Pajak, Roger Frank, Dr., born in 1937, he was a National Security Advisor for Soviet and Middle East Affairs, Office of the Secretary of the Treasurer. His writings include Soviet arms aid in the Middle East (1976), and Nuclear proliferation in the Middle East (1982). LC; Master, 1980 Pajetta, Gian Carlo, born 24 June 1911 at Torino, he was a journalist and a member of the European Parliament. His writings include Contro if governo dello straniero (1948), /I ragazzo rosso va alia guerra (1986), Le crisi che ho vissuto (1990), and /I grande camaleonte (1994). LC; WhoEIO, 1982, 1985 Pajewski, Janusz, born 5 May 1907 at Warszawa, he received doctorates in 1929 and 1933 as well as an honorary doctorate from the Universlte de Strasbourg in 1976. Since 1951 he was a professor of history at Universytet Poznanski. His writings include W~gierska polityka Polski w polowie XVI wieku, 1540-1571 (1932), Przesziosc z bliska (1983), Polacy i Niemcy (1987), and Gabriel Narutowicz (1993).

KtoPolsce, 1993; NEP; WhoSocC, 1978

Pakhalina, Tat'iana Nikolaevna, born 8 October 1928 at Leningrad, she graduated from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, in 1951, specializing in Pamir languages. She received a doctorate in 1983 for her thesis, nccneooeenue no coeenumensno-ucmoouuecxoc tponemuse neuupcxux R3bIKOB. In 1991 she was appointed a professor. Her writings include tlfwKawuMcKuiJ R3blK (1959), CapblKonbcKuiJ R3blK (1966), naMupcKHe R3blKU (1969), and Bexencxui: R3blK (1975). Miliband; Miliband2 ; Schoeberlein Pakhomov, Evgenii Aleksandrovich, born 13 (25) February 1880 at Stravropol, Caucasus, he received a doctorate in 1945 and was appointed a professor two years later. He was a numismatist whose writings include MOHemHble Knaobl A3ep6aiJo>KaHa u opyaux pecny6nuK, «peee u 06nacmeiJ KaBKa3a (1926-54), and Monetm» IPY3UU (1970). He died 2 May 1965. Miliband; Miliband2 Palacio Atard, Vicente, born 2 January 1920 at Bilbao, he was a professor of modern history, successively at the universities of Barcelona, Valladolid, and Madrid. His writings include Derrota, agotamiento, decadencia, en la Espana del siglo XVII (1949), Ras6n de la Inquisici6n (1954), and Nosotros, los espenotes (1991). In 1986 he was honored by the jubilee volume Perspectivas de la Espana contemporenee; estudios en homenaje al profesor V. Palacio Atard. Together with Ma. Jover Zamora he was honored by a joint jubilee volume in 1990. OBEC; WhoSpain, 1963 Palacky, Frantisek (Franz), born 14 June 1798 at Hodslavice (Novy Jicln), Moravia, he was a political leader and a historian. His writings include Geschichte von Bonmen (1836-1867). He died in 1876. Joseph F. Zacek wrote a biography, Palacky; the historian as scholar and nationalist (1970). BbO; BiO&SB; Bioln 7,9,12; CasWL; Master (3); NEP; OttuvSN

Paladino, Giuseppe, born 11 August 1886 at Matera, Italy, he was a professor of modern history at the Unlversita di Catania. He was joint author of Storia della Sicilia dai tempi piu antichi ai nostri giorni (1933). He died in Catania, 25 November 1937. Chi e, 1928, 1931, 1936; IndBI (1) Palasiewicz, Artur, fl. 1977, his writings include Inwentarz akt Wladyslawa Sikorskiego, 1894-1940 (1983). LC Palat, Justin Marcel, born 22 April 1956 at Verdun, he was a graduate of the military college Saint-Cyr and successively served as a lieutenant with the Bureaux des affaires indigenes de l'Alqerie from 31 July 1879 to 11 May 1881 at Sa'ida and Daya. His endeavoured to reach Timbuctu by way of Senegal and then explore the return route to Sud-oranais by way of the Sahara. When his authority dismissed support for such a plan, he decided to set out on his own. He fell victim to marauders on the route between El-Golea and In-Salah. His body, with his cut-off index finger of the right hand between his teeth, was found on 22 February 1886 at Assi-Chirk, two days' journey from In-Salah. His writings, partly under the pseudonym Frescaly, include Le sixieme Margouillats (1882), Fleur d'alfa (1884), Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Palazzoli, Claude Gerard, born in 1938, he received a doctorate in law. His writings include Les regions italiennes (1966), La Syrie; Ie reve et la rupture (1977), A Carpaccio; reel: d'ete (1982), and he edited Le Maroc politique de ttnaependence 1973 (1974). LC

a

Paldi, Emmanuele, born 19th cent., his writings include Per la indipendenza dell'Egitto (Roma, 1920). Paleoloque, Georges Maurice, born 13 January 1859 at Paris, he was an ambassador to Russia from 1914 to 1917, and director-general of the French foreign office from 1921 to 1925. His writings include La Russie des tsars pendant la grande guerre (1921-22), and its translations, An ambassador's memoirs (1924-25), and Am Zarenhof wahrend des Weltkrieges (1929). He died on 21 November 1944. Current biography, 1945; New York Times, 22 November 1944, p. 19, col. 4; Who was who, 4

Palewski, Jean Paul, born 19 July 1898 at Paris, he studied at the Facutte de droit de Paris, where he also received a doctorate in law. He was a sometime legal adviser to the Polish embassy in Paris, and a depute. He died in Paris on 10 December 1976. Polski s/ownik biograficzny; Who's who in France, 1975/76 Palgrave, William Gifford, born 24 January 1826 at London. After graduating from Trinity College, Oxford, he went to India and entered the Bombay native infantry. But having converted to Roman Catholicism, he joined the Society of Jesus and took up missionary work in southern India. In 1853 he went to Syria. Later, while lecturing in France on Eastern affairs, he was commissioned in 1862 to ascertain in Arabia the Arabs' attitude towards France, a mission which is the subject of his Narrative of a year's journey through central and eastern Arabia (1865), and its translations, Une ennee de voyage dans I'Arabie centrale, 1862-1863 (1866), and Reise in Arabien (1867-68). He subsequently surrendered his orders and entered the English diplomatic service. His other writings include Essays on Eastern questions (1872). He died in Montevideo, 30 September 1888. BbO; Bidwell, pp. 74-83; Bioln 13, 15; CelCen; OcBiPP; Dictionary of national biography; Embacher; Encyclopedia Americana, international edition; Enciclopedia universal i1ustrada; Encltaliana; Freeth, pp. 153-192; FOck; GdeEnc; Henze; Meyers; NewC; OxEngl; Pallas; Revai nagy lexikona; Wininger

Palit, Dharitri Kumar, born in 1919, his writings include The essentials of military knowledge (1947), The lightening campaign; the Indo-Pakistan War, 1971 (1972), Return to Sinai; the Arab-Israeli war, 1973 (1974), Pakistan's Islamic bomb (1979), Sentinels of the North-West; the Assam Rifles (1984), and War in the Himalaya; the Indian Army in crisis, 1962 (1991). LC Pall, Francisc, born in 1911 at Carei, Romania, he was a professor of medieval history at the Universitatea din Cluj-Napoca. His writings include Ein siebenbOrgischer Bischof im romiscnen Exil, Inochentie Micu-Klein (1991), and he was joint author of Lecturi din izviarele istoriei evului mediu (1961). MicOcEnc, 1986

Palladii (Palladius), archimandrite, born Petr Ivanovich Kafarov, 17 September 1817 at Chistopol, near Kazan, he was a chief of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission, Peking, who, in his researches, was able to take full advantage of the splendid library of Chinese works attached to the Mission, lost later in internal turmoils. Visiting scholars could draw on his generous assistance in their work. His writings include J],OpO>KHble 3aMemKU Ha nymu no MOHaoiu e 1847 u 1859 aa (1892), and its translation, "ltineralres en Mongolie" (Journal asiatique se serie, 1, n° 2 (mars-avril 1893, pp. 290-336). He died on disembarking at Marseille in December 1878. GSE; Henze; T'oung pao, 2e s., 2 (1901), p. 193 Pallary, Paul Maurice, born in 1869, he was a palaeontologist and affiliated with the Association pour I'avancement des sciences and the Institut francais c'archeoloqie orientale, Cairo. His writings include Instructions pour les recherches prehistoriques dans Ie nord-ouest de l'Afrique (1909), and Deuxieme addition a la faune malacologique de la Syrie (1939). His trace is lost after his last publication. LC Pallavicini, Fabio, born 20 January 1795 at Genova, he was a Sardinian ambassador in Napoli, Bavaria, Saxony, and at the German Confederation. In 1861 he was nominated a senator. He died on 12 June 1872. Encltaliana; IndBI Pallis, Alexander Anastasius, born 20 October 1883 at Bombay, he was a Greek diplomat and, in the 1940s, minister plenipotentiary and director of the Greek Information Office in London. His writings include Greece's Anatolian venture (1937), =EV'1TEjJEVOI E)"\'1VE~ aUTof310ypacplKo XPOVIKO (1953), and the booklets Reconstruction in Greece since the liberation, 1945-1946 (1947), and Social and labour legislation in Greece (1948); he also translated from the Turkish, In the days of the Janissaries; old Turkish life as depicted in the "trevet-book" of Evliya Chelebi (1951). He died 22 June 1975. Hellenikon, 1965

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Pallisen, Nikolaus, fl. 1956, he received a Dr.phil. in 1949 from the Universitat Marburg with a thesis entitled Die alte Religion des mongolischen Volkes und die Geschichte des vemsltnisses der Mongolen zu anderen Religionen wenrend der Herrschaft der Tschingisiden. Pa1l6, Margit K., born 24 January 1897 at Bojtorjanos, Hungary, she was a linguist and Turkologist who had also studied in Berlin. Her writings include Regi torok eredetO igeink (1982). She died in Budapest, 3 September 1984. MEl,1978-1991 Palloix, Christian. His writings include Problemes de la croissance en economie ouverte (1969), L'economie mondiale capitaliste (1971), and De la socialisation (1981); he was joint author of La societe posi-economlque (1988). lC Pallucchini, Anna, fl. 1973, she edited L'opera completa di Giambattista Tiepolo (1968), Tintoretto (1969), and she was joint editor of Tout t'ceuvre de Tiepolo (1990). lC Palm, Goran, born 3 February 1931 at Uppsala, he was a writer, literary critic, and a political activist on affairs in Vietnam, Latin America and Palestine, before he had ever been abroad. His writings include Flykten fran arbetet (1977), The flight from work (1977), Kritik av kulturen (1978), and En landsby in Tyrkiet (1979). ConAu, 29-32; IntAu&W,1982; Vern er det, 1969-1999 Palm, Rolf. His writings include Die Sarazenen; Weltreich aus G/aube und Schwert (1978), and Die BrOcke von Remagen (1985). Palma, Federico di, born in 1869 at Grottaglie, Italy, he was a publisher and, in 1910, a deputy in parliament. His writings include La Francia navale ed if convegno di Tolone (Napoli, 1901), and Mare e navi (Napoli, 1902). He died in 1916 IndBI (1); NUC, pre-1956 Pal'mbakh, Aleksandr Adol'fovich, born 29 August (10 September) 1897 at Orissa, Byelorussia, he graduated in 1918 from the Moscow Archaeological Institute and was appointed a professor in 1960. His writings include OCHOSbl myeuncsoo opcjJoapacjJuu (1963); he was joint author of rpaMMamuKa myeuucsoeo fl3blKa (1961); and he edited Pvccxo-myeuuckut: cnoeeps (1953), and TySUUCKO-pyCCKUiJ cnoees (1955). GSE, vol. 19, p. 189 Palmer, Edward Henry, born 7 August 1840, he was educated at Cambridge and later became a fellow of St. John's College. In the service of the Palestine Exploration Fund he accompanied a survey party to the Sinai in 1869, and later again, from Sinai to Jerusalem and Damascus. He became professor of Arabic at Cambridge, and was called to the bar from the Middle Temple in 1874. In 1882, he was sent out on a secret mission to the Bedouins in the desert by way of Jaffa. After an initial success, he was treacherously led into an ambush and shot on 11 August 1882. His remains were buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, London. His writings include Oriental mysticism (1867), The desert of the Exodus (1871), and its translation, Der Schauplatz der 40jahrigen Wastenwanderung Israels (1876), A grammar of the Arabic language (1874), Concise dictionar of the Persian language (1976), and a translation of the Koran in 1880. Sir Walter Besant wrote a biography, The life and achievements of Edward Henry Palmer (1883). BbD; BiD&SB; BUckland; CelCen; DcBiPP; DNB; Egyptology; Embacher; EncBrit; FOck,p. 209; Henze Palmer, Frederick, born 29 January 1873 at Pleasantville, Pa., he was a war correspondent in Europe and Asia, including the Greco-Turkish war. His writings include Going to war with Greece (1897), The folly of nations (1922), and Look to the East (1930). He died 2 September 1958. Master (9); REnAL;

WhAm, 3; WhNAA; Who was who, 5

Palmer, Henry Spencer, born 30 April 1838 at Bangladore, Madras, he was a major-general in the Royal Engineers. His writings include Ancient history from the monuments; Sinai, from the fourth Egyptian dynasty to the present day (1878), and he was joint author of Ordnance survey of the Peninsula of Sinai (1869). He died in Tokyo, 10 March 1893. DNB Palmer, Sir Herbert Richmond, born 20 April 1877, he was a colonial administrator in Nigeria, Gambia, and Cyprus. His writings include Sudanese memoirs; being mainly translations of a number of Arabic manuscripts (1928), and Gazetteer of Bornu province (1929). He died 22 May 1958. Who was who, 5 Palmer, Julian Arthur Beaufort, fl. 1951-1953, his writings include The Mutiny outbreak at Meerut in 1857 (1966). BlC Palmer, Monte, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1963 from the University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled Arab unity; problems and prospects. He was a sometime professor at departments of government in the universites of Iowa State, and Florida State, where he was still active in 1999. His writings include The human factor in political development (1970), A comparative analysis of politics (1978), and he was joint author of Political development and bureaucracy in Libya (1977), and The Egyptian bureaucracy (1988). lC; NatFacDr, 1998-2000 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Palmer, Norman Dunbar, born 25 June 1909 at Hinckley, Me, he was a graduate of Colby College, and received a Ph.D. in 1936 from Yale University with a thesis on the Irish land league crisis. He was a pro-fessor of history and political science at the University of Pennsylvania from 1946 to his retirement in 1979, when he became an emeritus professor. His writings include The United States and India; the dimensions of influence (1984). He died in 1996. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu, 1-4, new rev., 3,19,41; Master (4); WhoAm, 1974/75-1988/89; WrDr, 1982/84-1998/2000

Palmer, P., born 19th cent. In the service of the Deutscher Verein zur Erforschung Palastinas he produced Die Mosaikkarte von Madeba (1906). He died after 1914. GV Palmerston, Henry John Temple, viscount, born 20 October 1784 in England, he was educated at Harrow and the universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge. He held an Irish title and therefore could sit in the House of Commons, to which he was elected in 1907, remaining a member almost until his death on 18 October 1865. He supported Turkey against the encroachments of Russia and later concluded a convention closing the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles to ships of all nations. Ana Britannica; CelCen; DcBiPP; DNB; EncAm; EncBrit; Encltaliana; Master (8); Meyers; MiCDcEnc, 1986; Pallas; RNL

Palmier, Leslie H., born 16 May 1924, she was a reader in sociology and director, Centre for Development Studies, University of Bath, and an associate fellow of St. Antony's College, Oxford. Her writings include The control of bureaucratic corruption; case studies in Asia (1985), and she edited Understanding Indonesia (1985). LC Palmieri, Aurelio, born in 1870 at S. Michele di Bari, he was an Augustine father who wrote on religious affairs in Eastern Europe. His writings include L'Associazione commerciale artigiana di pieta in Constantinopoli (1902), Die Polemik des Islam (1902), and La politica asiatica dei Boscevichi (1924). He died in 1926. IndBI (1); NUC, pre-1956 Pal'mov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, fl. 1930. His writings include 3mlObi no ucmopuu npUeOn>KCKUX KanMblKoe XVII u XVIII eeKa (1926-1929), and OllepK ucmopuu KanMblLJ,CKOaO Hapooa se epeMfi eeo npe6bleaHufi e npeoenex Poccuu (1992). LC; NUC, pre-1956 Paloczl-Horvath, Andras, fl. 1975. His writings include a translation of his Beseny6k, kuno«, jeszo« entitled Pechenegs, Cumans, lasians; steppe peoples in medieval Hungary (1989), and he was joint author of Hungarian historical demography after World War /I (1968). LC Palotas (Palotash), Emil, born 1 April 1936 at Ujpest, Hungary. His writings include A Balkan-kerdes az osztrek-meqyer es az orosz diplomaciaban a XIX szezea vegen (1972), and A nemzetkozt Dunahaj6zas (1984). MagyarNKK, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998 Palumbo, Antonio, fl. 1919-1936. His writings include La pace di Nufilia; gli awenimenti politici che prepararono in Libia if ripiegamento de 1915 (1920), and Armi e politica in Africa orientale (1936). Firenze; NUC, pre-1956

Paiva, Heikki Vaino Kaleva, born 5 May 1935 at Porvoo, Finland, she received a Ph.D. in 1966 at Helsinki, and later was a professor of Semitic languages, Greek, and Biblical exegesis at the universities of Helsingfors and Uppsala. Her writings include Balgawi Arabic (1969), Studies in the Arabic dialect of the semi-nomadic el-'Agarma tribe (1976), Narratives and poems from Hesban (1978), and Artistic colloquial Arabic (1992). IWWAS,1975/76; Vern och vad, 1992, 1996; WhoWor, 1978/79 Palyga, Edward J., born in 1931. His writings include Stosunki konsularne Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (1970), Podmioty polityki zagranicznej i miedzyneroaowe] (1982), and Dyplomacja Polski Ludowej, 1944-1984 (1986). LC

Pampus, Karl Heinz, born 20 February 1936 at Dortmund, Germany. After commercial training he entered the Universitat Koln as a mature student. He studied, also at Cairo, Islamic subjects, comparative religion and Indonesian, and received a Dr.phil. in 1970 from the Universitat Bonn with a thesis entitled Die theologische Enzyklopadie, "Bihar a/-anwar, " des Muhammad Baqir a/-Maglisi. His writings include Ober die Rolle der Harigiya im truhen Islam (1980), and he was joint editor of Die deutsche Malaiologie (1988). Schwarz; Thesis Panagides, Stahis Solomon, born 27 October 1927 at Limassol, Cyprus, he was a graduate of Kansas State University and received an unidentified Ph.D. in 1967 from Iowa State University. He taught economics at various universities and worked for international organizations. He was joint author of Estudos sobre una regiao agricola (1973). WhoE,1983/84 Panaitescu, Petre P., born 13 March 1900 at lasi, Rumania, he was a linguist and historian at Universitetea din Bucuresti. His writings include Introducere la istoria culturii romenest: (1969), and Contributii la istoria culturii romenesti (1971). He died in Bucuresti, 14 November 1967. MicDcEnc, 1986; WhoRom Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Pananti, Filippo, born in 1766 at Ronta nel Mugello, Italy, he studied law at Pisa. His writings include Avventure e osservazioni di Filippo Pananti sopra Ie coste di Barberia (1817), and its translations, Narrative of a residence in Algiers (1818), Reise an der KOste der Barbarey (1823), and Mijne lotgevallen en reizen in de Barbarijsche roofstaaten (1830). He died in Firenze in 1837. IndBI (12) Panarin, Sergei Aleksandrovich (or Alekseevich), born 30 September 1944, he was a head of the Section for the Study of Relations between Russia and the Peoples of the East, Oriental Institute in the Russian Academy of Sciences. His writings include CmpaHbl Bocmoss, np06neMa 06HUl.L(aHUfi «pecmsnncmee U nonumxu ee peiuenu» (1985), and he was joint editor of Ilepeen« Bocmose (1987), and iopooe Ha Bocmoke (1990). Schoeberlein Panchenko, Boris Amfianovich, born in 1872 at St. Petersburg, he was a Byzantine scholar and a sometime academic secretary of the Russian Archaeological Institute, Constantinople. His writings include KpecmbflHcKafi coticmeennocms a Busenmiu (1903). He died in 1920. GSE Pander, Heinrich Christian, born 12 (24) July 1794 or 1795 at Riga, he studied at Dorpat, Berlin, Gottingen, and WOrzburg, where he received a medical doctorate in 1817. He was an embyologist, palaeontologist and geologist. In 1821 he became a member of the Imperial Academy of Science, St. Petersburg. He also travelled extensively in Russia and Central Asia. He died in St. Petersburg on 10 (22) September 1865. Boris E. Raikov wrote his biography, xpucmuen naHoep (1964). DcScB; DtBE;

GSE

Pandevski, Manol D., Dr., born in 1925. His writings include Bnempetunem« MaKeooHcKa peeonyuuonepne opeenuseuuie W neoephoeusuom, 1904-1908 (1983), and MaKeooHuja Ha 5an-KaHom (1990). Pandey, Sangam Lal, born in 1929. His writings include Existence, devotion and freedom (1965), and Materials and motifs of the philosophical traditions of Allahabad University (1981). LC Panek, Lidiia Borisovna, fl. 1928-1948, she was affiliated with the Soviet Tourist Bureau, Moscow. Her writings include two booklets, Xeacypbl; naMflmKa 3KcKypcaHmy (1928), and Mmuynbl; naMflmKa 3KcKypcaHmy (1928). NUC, pre-1956 Panet, Leopold, born in 1819 or 1820, he was a native of Goree Island, Senegal, and the first explorer of the western Sahara. He died on Goree, 15 February 1858 or 1859. Embacher; Henze; Hommes et destins, vol. 5, pp. 429-431; Le Saharien 52 (1969), pp. 6-12

Panetta, Ester, born 1 February 1894 or 1895 at Reggio Calabria, Italy, she early in life lost both her parents, and was educated at Catanzaro and Roma. During a stay in Paris in 1919, she qualified as a secondary school teacher of French and then taught for a number of years in Napoli. She later studied at the Istituto Orientale di Napoli, where she received a diploma in colonial culture as well as a certificate in literary Arabic, having also taken courses in Berber, Persian, and Turkish. In 1927, she went to Libya to teach at secondary schools, first for two years French, and then Arabic and Islamic institutions, before transferring to the Istituto tecnico, Benghazi, until 1940. The war necessitated her return to Roma, where she taught literary and colloquial Arabic at the university. In 1956, she became a lecturer at the Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli and added Islamic institutions and ethnography to her teaching subjects. Her writings include Pratiche e credenze popolari Jibiche (1940), L'arabo parlato a Bengasi (1943), Forme e soggetti della letteratura popolare libica (1943), Cirenaica sconoscinta (1952), Poersie e canti popolari arabi (1956), and Kitab a/-Mukafa'a di Ibn ad-Daya (1982). She died in 1983. Gastaldi; Oriente modemo 64 (1984), pp. 247-249; Studi magrebini 16 (1984), pp. 179-184 Panfilov, Viktor Zinov'evich, Dr., fl. 1973. His writings include ipaMMamuKa u noeuse (1963), its translation, Grammar and logic (1968), ounocoaxkue np06neMbl fl3blK03HaHUfi (1977), its translation, Philosophische Probleme der Sprachwissenschaft (1982), Fnoceonoeuveceue ecnexmu tpunococpCKUX npo6neM fl3blK03HaHUfi (1982), and he edited ounocodxxue ocnoeu 3apy6e>KHblX nenoeenenua a fl3blK03HaHUU (1977), and Cmpyrmype npeonoxenu» a fl3blKax pesnuuns»: munoe (1984). Panhwar, Muhammad Hussain, born 25 December 1925 in India, he was a trained engineer and became a business executive in Pakistan. His writings include Chronological dictionary of Sind, from geological times to 1359 A.D. (1983). WhoWor, 1987/88 Paniagua, Sotero, born in 1939, his writings include Que se conoce hoy de filosofia primera? (1979). Paniagua y Santos, Jose Marfa, fl. 1948, he was a lawyer whose writings include La prescripci6n yel retracto en el derecho consuetudinario del Rif (Madrid, 1950). NUC, pre-1956 Pankhurst, Richard Keir Pethick, born 3 December 1927 at London, he studied at LSE and received a Ph.D. in 1953 from the University of London. He successively was a professor at Addis Ababa University and a director of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies from 1957 to 1980. From 1980 to 1986, he Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Pankowski, Marian, born in 1919 in Poland, she was a writer and a literary critic who emigrated to Belgium in 1945. Her writings include Nasz Julo czerwony i siedem innych sztuk (1981), and Matuga idzie (1983). NEP; A-Z mala encyklopedia Pannier, Jacques, born in 1863 or 1869 at Saint-Prix (Seine-et-Oise), he studied at Paris, Bonn and Cambridge, and received a doctorate in divinity from the Universitat Stral1>burg. He later served in East Asia and Morocco as a chaplain. His writings include Expansion trenceise d'outre-mer et les protestants trenceis (1931 ). BN; Qui etes-vous, 1924 de Pano y Ruata, Mariano, born in 1847 at Monz6n (Huesca), Spain, he studied law at the Universidad de Zaragoza. He was a corresponding member of the Academia de la Historia, Madrid, Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid, and president of the Academia Aragonesa de Nobles y Bellas Artes San Luis, Zaragoza. He also was a provincial politician. His writings include La Santa Reina dona Sancha, hermana hospitalaria, fundadora del Monasterio de Sijena (1943), and he edited Las coplas del Peregrino de Puy Mongan, viaje la Meca en el siglo XVI (1897). EncicUni

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Panseri, Carlo, fl. 1965. His writings include La fonderia d'alluminio (1934), L'alluminio e Ie sue leghe (1940), Manuale di fonderia d'alluminio (1949), and Richerche metallografiche sopra una spade de guerra del XII secolo (1954). Pansier, Jean Marie, he received a doctorate in 1937 from the University de Montpellier for his thesis, Le aetei de grace. His writings include Guide de conqes et des loyers (Casablanca, 1955). NUC, pre-'56 Pansini, Giuseppe, born 14 January, or June, 1924 at Molfetta (Bari), Italy, he was a professor of history and a director of the Archivio di Stato di Firenze. He edited Accademia economico-agraria dei georgofili (1970-1977). In 1994 he was honoured by a jubilee volume, Istituzioni e societe in Toscana nelJ'eta moderna; atti delle giornate di studio dedicate a Giuseppe Pansini (1994). Chi scive; LC Panskaya, Ludmilla, born in 1915, she was joint author of Introduction to Palladii's Chinese literature of the Muslims (Canberra, Australian National University, 1977). Pant, Gayatri Nath, born in 1940. His wrings include Indian archery (1978), Indian arms and armour (1978-80), Indian shield (1982), and Mughal weapons in the Babur-Nama (1989). LC Pantellc, Dusan, Dr. fl. 1954. His writings include 5eoepaocKu neiueny«nocne llleuiumoecxoe Mupa, 1791-1794 (Beograd, 1927), and Beoepeocn: neiueny« npeo npeu cpncsu ycmeue«, 1794-1804 (Beograd, 1949). aSK Pantelidis, Veronica Sexauer, born 3 February 1935 at Fort Pierce, Fla., she studied at Florida universities and received a Ph.D. in 1975 from Florida State University with a thesis entitled An instructional program on personnel rules and regulations for state employees. She was appointed in 1976 a staff member of the Department of Library Science, East Carolina University at Greenville, N.C., a post which she still held in 1995. Her writings include The Arab world; libraries and librarianship, 1960-1976 (1979), Arab education, 1956-1978; a bibliography (1982), Microcomputer and essentials (1984), and Robotics in education (1991). Nat FacDr, 1995; WhoLibl,1982 Pantiukhov, Ivan Ivanovich, born in 1836. His writings include Anmoononoeuuecn« Ha6nlOoeeHifi ne Keexese (1893), Cavernes et habitations modernes au Caucase (1896), and 3HalieHue enmpononoeUlieCKUX munoe e pyCCKOiJ ucmopuu (1909). LC Panton, David Morrison, born in 1870. His writings include The Panton papers, current events and prophecy; a selection of editorial articles by D. M. Paton from his magazine, the Dawn (1829). BLC Pantueek, Svetozar, born 16 February 1931 at Trnava, Slovakia, he received a doctorate in 1967 from Universita Karlova with a thesis entitled La litterature algerienne moderne. He taught Arabic, Tuareg, and North African literature at Praha, and was 1968/69 and 1969/70 a visiting professor at the Unlversitat MOnster. From 1973 to 1990, he was barred from teaching for political reasons. He ~ubsequently became a fellow of the Oriental Institute of the Czech Academy of Science. His writings Include Tynuccxes numepamypa (1969), its translation, Tunesische Literaturgeschichte (1974), Das Epos aber den Westzug der Banu Hilal (1970), and flumepamypbl Ceeepnu AcjJpuKbl (1978), as well as translations from the Arabic of al-Jahiz, al-Tayyib Salih, and Tawfiq ai-Hakim. He died 20 June 2000. Archiv orientalni 68 (2000), pp. 665-667

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Pantusov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, born 11 May 1849 in the Ukraine, he graduated in 1871 from the Faculty of Oriental Languages of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, St. Petersburg, with a paper on the geographical literature of the Arabs, C 0603HalieHueM6 KaK osneso npocmupenucs ceeoenu» apa6CKUX eeoepeipoe a any6b CpeoHelJ A3UU u «exoeo oocmouncmee emu ceeoenu», a work which won him a gold medal and the prospect of a professorship at the Department of Oriental History, St. Petersburg. However, a year later he moved on to Turkestan, where he specialized in its antiquities as well as life and customs of its current population. His writings include Botin« MycynbMaH npomue KumalJ~ea (1880), Ceeoeut» 0 Kynb>KUHCKOM peiione 3a 1871-1877 aoobl (1881), and TapaHlIuHcKifi neCUH (1890). He died in Turkestan, 7 June 1909. BiobibSOT, pp. 231-233; Krachkovskii, p. 187 Panzac, Daniel, born 20th cent., his writings include La peste dans I'Empire ottoman (1985), a work which was originally submitted as a doctoral thesis in 1983 at the Universlte de Paris I. His other writings include Quarantaines et lazarets; I'Europe et la peste d'Orient (1986), La population de I'Empire ottoman; cinquante ans, 1941-1990 (1993), and Commerce et navigation dans I'Empire ottoman au XVI/Ie sieae (1996). LC; THESAM, 3,4 Panzer, Cecile, born about 1936, she was in the 1980s an American staff member of the Truman Research Institute, Library and Documentation Unit, Israel-Arab Section, Jerusalem. Private Paoli, Louis, born in 1856. His writings include Le code penal d'ltalie (30 juin 1889) et son systeme penal (1892), and Questions constitutionnelles (1897). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Paolini, John, born 4 June 1927 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was a graduate of Temple University and Princeton Theological Seminary, and ordained in 1956. He was a Methodist missionary to Algeria from 1959 to 1966. In 1968, he was appointed director of the Department of Pastoral Care and Education, Bryan Memorial Hospital, Lincoln, Nebr. WhoRe11975,1977 Papacostea, $erban, born 25 June 1928 at Bucuresti, he was a historian of the middle ages. His writings include Oltenia sub staplnirea eusttiece, 1718-1739 (1971), Stephan der Grosse, FOrst der Moldau, 1457-1504 (1975), Stephan the Great, Prince of Moldavia, 1457-1504 (1981), Geneza statului In evul mediu romanesc (1988), and Romennii In secolul al XI/I-lea (1993). WhoRom Papacostea-Danielopolu, Cornelia Teofana, fl. 1963. Her writings include Intelectualii romeni din Principate §i cultura greaca, 1821-1859 (1979), Literatura In limb a greaca din Principatele Romsne, 1774-1830 (1982), and Carte §i tipar In societatea romeneesce §i sud-est europeana (1985). LC Papadakis, Aristeides, born 1 August 1936 in Greece, he was educated in Greece and received his Ph.D. in 1968 from Fordham University with a thesis entitled Iconoclasm; a study of hagiographical evidence. In 1971 he was appointed a professor of history at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Crisis in Byzantium; the Filioque controversy in the patriar-chate of Gregory 1/of Cyprus (1983). DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995-2000 Papadopoullos, Theodore H., born 6 March 1921 at Nicosia, he was a graduate of the universities of London and Paris, and received an honorary doctorate from Thessaloniki University. In 1967 he was appointed director of the Cyprus Research Centre, Nicosia. His writings include Studies and documents relating to the history of the Greek Church and the people under Turkish domination (1952), Poeste dynastique du Ruanda et epopee akritique (1963), Le droit international dans un contexte ethnohistorique (1965), and African obyzantin a; Byzantine influences on Nehro-Sudanese cultures (1966). WhoWor, 1976-1987/88 Papadopoulo, Alexandre, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1974 from the Universite de Paris I with a thesis entitled Esthetique de I'art musulman; la peinture. He was a director of the Centre de recherche sur l'esthetique de I'art musulman at the Universite de Paris. His writings include L'islam et I'art musulman (1976), and its translations, Islamische Kunst (1977), Islam and Muslim art (1980), and he edited Le mihrab dans I'archtecture et la religion musulmanes (1988). LC; THESAM,4 Papadopoulos, Stephanos I., fl. 1962. His writings include H KifJafJ TOU oouKa HE{3tp KapoAou rov{aya v,a TfJV arrEAEuotpwafJ TWV BaAKavlKwv Aawv, 1603-1625 (1966), and EKrralOEUTIKfJ Kal KOIVWVIKfJ OpaaTfJplOTfJTa TOU 'EAAfJvlapou TE~ MaKEoovia~ (1970). NUC, 1968-1972 Papadrianos, loannis (Jean) Adrianou, born in 1931 at Drepano Nauplias, Greece, he received a doctorate in 1962 from Thessaloniki University and became affiliated with the Institute of Balkan Studies, Thessaloniki. His writings include NEa EcpEao~ (1965), 01 ettavotaonr; TOU 1854 Kal 1878 otnv MaKEoovla (1970), 01 EAAfJvfJ~ trooono» TOU ~EpAivou, 180~-190~ at (1988), and 01 'EAAfJVE~ arroofJpol orr; YlouYKoaAaf3IKt~ XWPE~, 18o~-20o~ at. (1993). EVL, 1993/94, 1996/97; NUC, 1973-1977

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Papanastasiou, Alexandros, born in 1876 or 1879 at Tripoli, he studied law at Athens, Heidelberg, Berlin, London and Paris, and obtained a doctorate. He was a Greek politician who strove towards a comprehensive treaty among the Balkan states that would cover economic as well as security issues. He died in Athens in 1936. BiDMoPL; EEE Papanek, Gustav Fritz, born 12 July 1926 at Wien, he was a graduate of Cornell University and received a Ph.D. in 1951 with a thesis entitled Food rationing in Britain, 1939-1945. He was a professor of economics at various American universities and a consultant. His writings include Framing a development program (1960), and Pakistan's development, social goals and private incentive (1967).

AmM&WS 1973 S; ConAu, 45-48, new rev. 1; WhoAm, 1980-1988/89; WhoE, 1973/74, 1975/76; WhoEc 86

Papanek, Hanna nee Kaiser, born 24 January 1927 at Berlin, she was a graduate of Brooklyn College and received a Ph.D. in 1962 from Radcliffe College, Harvard University, with a thesis entitled Leadership and social change in the Khoja Ismaili community. She was a research associate as well as visiting professor at various American universities and carried on field-work in Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Pakistan. She was joint editor of Women and development; perspectives from South and Southeast Asia (1979), and Separate worlds; studies of purdah in South Asia (1982). AmM&WS, 1973 S Papasian, Edouard, born 19th cent., he was in 1916 an expert-syndic at the Mixed Tribunal, Cairo, and a member of the Societe sultanieh d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation. His writings include L'Egypte economique et tinenciere (1923). His trace is lost after a publication in 1926. Papazian, Akop Davidovich, born 1 September 1919 at Tabriz, he was a graduate of Erevan University where he also received a doctorate in 1968 with a thesis entitled KpynHoe seuneeneoenue u eepeonue omnouienun a Bocmounoi) ApMeHuu a XVI-XVII ee. He edited tleocuocxue oOKyMeHmbl MameHaoapaHa (1959-1968). Miliband; Miliband2 Papazian, Avetis Ambartsumovich, born 1 May 1933 at Beirut, he studied at Erevan University and received his graduate degree in 1967 with a thesis entitled TpyObl Kflmu6a Lfene6u KaK ucmounux no ucmopuu ApMeHuu6 XVII a. Since 1960 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Armenian Academy of Sciences. Miliband; Miliband2 Pape, Heinz, he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1954 from the Universitat MOnster with a thesis entitled Die Kulturlandschaft des Landkreises Munster um 1828. From 1980 to 1992, he was head of cartography at the Universitat Bochum. His writings include Er Riad; Stadtgeographie und Stadtkartographie (1977), and he was joint author of Stadtkartographie (1987). KOrschner, 1980-19921 Paper, Herbert Harry, born 11 January 1925 at Baltimore, Md., he received a Ph.D. in 1951 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled The phonology and morphology of the royal Achaemenid Elamite. He was appointed a professor at the University of Michigan in 1953. In the summer of 1977, he moved to a new position as dean of graduate studies and professor of linguistics and Near Eastern languages, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio. His writings include A Judeo-Persian Book of Job (1976), The Musa-nama of R. Shim'on Hakham (1986), and he was joint editor of The Song of Songs in Judeo-Persian (1977). BioB134; ConAu,45; new rev., 1; DrAS, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; Master (2); WhoAm, 1974-1988/89

de Papier, Alexandre, fl. 1897. His writings include Questions des tabacs en Algerie (1862), Essai d'un catalogue mineralogique algerien (1873), and Lettres sur Hippone (1887). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Papillault, Georges, born 15 July 1863 at Chatellerault (Vienne), he was a man of private means and studied law at Paris and later changed to philosophy and medicine. He received a medical doctorate in 1896 from the Universlte de Paris with a thesis entitled La suture metopique et ses rapports avec la morphologie irenienne. He started as an intern at a Paris hospital but soon had to abandon this career for reasons of health. He then joined the Laboratoire d'anthropologie de l'Ecole des hautes etudes and concurrently lectured at l'Ecole d'anthropologie. His writings include Science trenceise, scolastique al/emande (1917). IndexBFr2 (1); NUC, pre-1956 Papini, Giovanni, born 9 January 1881 at Firenze, he was a prolific writer who died in his home town, on 8 July 1958. His writings include 1/ crepuscolo dei filosofi (1906), Polemiche religiose (1917), and Dante vivo (1933). Chi e, 1928, 1931, 1936,1940,1948; CIDMEL; ConAu 121; IndBI (10); Master (16); MEW;

WhE&EA; Who was who, 5

Papini, ltalo, fl. 1934-1947. His writings include La produzione dell'Etiopia (1938). NUC, pre-1956 Papoulia, Basilike D. He received a Dr.phil. degree in 1964 from the Universitat MOnchen with a thesis entitled Ursprung und Wesen der "Knebentese" im Osmanischen Reich. Schwarz

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Pappas, Linda M., fl. 1970. She was a student counsellor at Creighton University, Omaha, Nebr., from 1994 to 1999. NatFacDr, 1994-1999 Papuli (Papoli) Yazdi, Muhammad Husayn, born in 1949 at Yazd, Iran, he studied geography at the universities of Meshed and Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1982 with a thesis entitled Le nomadisme et Ie semi-nomadisme dans Ie nord du Khorassan; etude de geographie humaine, an abridgement of which was published, in 1991, entitled Le nomadisme dans Ie nord du Khorassan. His writings include Farhang-i abadi-ha va makan-ha-i mazhabi-i kishvar (1988). He taught at Meshed from 1983 until 1990, when he became an associate professor at the Sorbonne. AnEIFr, 1997 Papy, Louis Jean Roger, born 15 November 1903 at Mont-de-Marsan (Landes), he received a dr. as lettres in 1941 from the Uruversite de Paris with a thesis entitled L'homme et la mer sur la cote Atlantique de la Loire a la Giron de. He was a professor of geography, and a dean, Faculte des lettres de Bordeaux, and a founding director of Cahiers d'outre-mer. In 1982, he became doyen honoraire of his university. Unesco; WhoFr, 1959/60-1987/881 Paques, Viviane, born 21 May 1920 at Genova, she obtained diplomas in ethnology and Turkish. Her writings include Les Bambara (1954), its translation, The Bambara (1959), L'arbre cosmique dans la pensee populaire et dans la vie quotidienne du Nord-Ouest africain (1964), and La religion des esclaves; recherches sur la contrerie marocaine des Gnawa (1991). lC Paquier, Jean Baptiste, born in 1840, he received a doctorate in 1877 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Quid de Taprobane insula veteres geographi scripserint. His writings include Le Pamir (1876), and L'Asie centrale a vol d'oiseau (1881). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Paradisi, Umberto, born 27 March 1925 at Senigallia (Ancona), he studied Oriental languages, literature, and institutions at the lstituto universitario orientale di Napoli. He later worked in Tripolitania and subsequently entered the consular service. He died in an automobile accident on 14 April 1965. Annali [di] Istituto universitario orientale di Napoli, n. s., 15 (1965), p. 357

Parakh, Eruch Ardesar, born 19th cent., his writings include Research into early Iranian history from the epics of India; pre-Achaemenian Zoroastrians in Hindustan (1922). NUC, pre-1956 Paraquin, Ernst Julius, fl. 1920, he was an imperial German colonel and head of Halil Pasa's general staff. His writings include Die trenzosiscne Gesetzgebung (1861). GV; Note Parasnis, Dattatraya Balwant, born in 1870, he wrote The Sangli State (1921), Poona in bygone days (1921), and he was joint author of A history of the Maratha people (1918). BlC; lC de Paravey, Charles Hippolyte, born 25 September 1787 at Fumay (Ardennes), he was in 1803 a student at the Ecole polytechnique, and from 1816 to 1822 a sous-inspecteur. He died in SaintGermain-en-Laye on 15 May 1871. Dantes 1; Egyptology; Hoefer; Vapereau

Parde, Maurice, fl. 1946, he was a professor of fluvial hydrology. His writings include Le calcul des debits du Rhone et de son affluents (1925), Fleuves et tivieres (1933), and Quelques nouveeutes sur Ie regime du Rhone (1942). In 1968 he was honoured by Melanges offerts par ses amis et disciples a Maurice Parde. lC Pardi, Giuseppe, born 19 September 1870 at Nozzano (Lucca), he was a historian and journalist resident in Firenze. He ended his career at the R. Liceo Galileo, Firenze. His writings include La studio di Ferrara nei secoli xv e XVI (1903). Chi e, 1928, 1931, 1936, 19401; IndBI (2) de Pardieu, Charles, fl. 1852. His writings include Excursion en Orient; I'Egypte, Ie Mont Sinai: l'Arabie, la Palestine, la Syrie, Ie Liban (Paris, 1851). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Pardini, Edoardo, fl. 1975, he was an anthropologist whose writings include Archivio per I'antropo-Iogia e la etnologia, fondato da Paolo Mantegazza (1975). lC Pardo, Anne Wadsworth, born 28 February 1941 at Boston, she graduated from Mount Holyoke College with the class of 1962 and received a M.Lib.Sc. from Columbia University in 1964. She was a reference librarian at Columbia since 1964. WhoLibS, 1966 Pardoe, Julia S. H., born in 1804 or 6 at Beverley, Yorkshire, she was a prolific historical and miscellaneous author who accompanied her father on a journey through France, then sailed from Marseille to Constantinople, returning after six months by way of the Black Sea and the Danube through Germany, and home. Her writings include The beauties of the Bosphorus (1838), The court and reign of Francis the First (1849), The city of the Sultan, and domestic manners of the Turks; with a steam voyage up the Danube (1854), and its Turkish translation, Yebenct gozO ile 125 yll once (1967). She died in

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London in 1862. BbD; BiD&SB; Bioln,4; DcBiPP; DLB 166 (1996), pp. 294-198; DNB; EvLB; Master (3); NewC;

Robinson, pp. 189-190

Pareja Casana, Felice Maria, born in 1890 at Barcelona, he started life as a carpenter, but soon entered the Society of Jesus. He received a doctorate in philosophy from the Pontificia Universita Gregoriana, Roma, a doctorate in divinity from the Jesuit College St. Beonus, England, an M.A. in Oriental languages from Cambridge, and a doctorate in the same subject from the Universidad de Madrid. The Order posted him to St. Xavier's College, Bombay, as a teacher of Arabic and Persian from 1935 to 1938; thereafter he taught Islamics at the Gregoriana until 1956, when he returned to Madrid. After a short teaching interlude at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, he joined the Instituto Hispano-arabe de Cultura, Madrid, where he established an outstanding Islamics library. His last achievement was the foundation of the Union europeenne d'arabisants et islamisants, whose secretary he became. His writings include Islamologia (Roma, 1951), Islamologfa (Madrid, 1952-54), Islamologie (Beyrouth, 1964), and La religiosidad musulmana (1975). He died in 1983. DBEC; Index Islamicus (9); ZDMG 135 (1985), pp. 14-15

Paret, Rudi, born 3 April 1901 at Wittendorf, Germany, he started to study Protestant theology but soon changed to Semitic and Islamic studies at the Universltat TObingen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1924 with a thesis entitled Sirat Saif ibn Dhi Jazan, ein arabischer Volksroman. In 1941 he was given a chair in Oriental studies at Bonn, but the turmoil of the war interrupted his academic career so that he spent the years until 1946 successively as an army officer in North Africa and a prisoner of war in the United States. After the war he held his chair until 1951, when he accepted the chair of Arabic and Islamic studies and the chairmanship of the Orientalisches Seminar at TObingen. His writings include a translation of the Koran (1962), Arabistik und Islamkunde an deutschen Universitaten (1965), and Der Koran, Kommentar und Konkordanz (1971). His was a disciplined life of a scholar, to which he freely committed himself from day to day, year to year. Apart from this, he also had his diversion, particular sports, which he practised to his old age. When he died in TObingen on 31 January 1983, after a brief illness, he had completed everything he intended to do. DtBE; Index Islamicus (3); Islam 61 (1984), pp. 1-7; Muslim world 73 (1983), pp. 133-141; Schwarz

de Parfentieff, Boris, fl. 1951. In 1958, he edited and translated Muhadi al-Zaqqaqiyah, a Moroccan legal treatise of Si 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abd as-Samad Gannun (Guennoun). ZKO Pargoire, Jules, fl. 1898, he was a Father of the Augustins de l'Assomption. L'Eglise byzantine de 527 a 847 (1905). Note; NUC, pre-1956

His writings include

Paribeni, Roberto, born 19 May 1876 at Roma, he was director-general of Antiquities and Fine Arts of Italy since 1928. His writings include L'ltalia e if Mediterraneo orientale (1916), Architettura dell'Oriente antico (1937), and La Macedonia sino ad Alessandro Magno (1947). He died in 1956. Chi a, 1928-1948; NYT 15 July 1956, p. 61, col. 1; Who, 1932-1959

Paris, Alexis Paulin, born 25 March 1800 at Avenay (Marne), he pursued classical studies at Reims and Paris. In 1828, he entered the Bibliotheque royale, Paris, where his position in the departernent des manuscrits permitted him research on medieval literature and history. In 1839, he was appointed keeper of the department, and, in 1853, he was nominated professor of language and literature of the middle ages at the College de France. His writings include Les romans de la Table ronde (1868-1871), and he edited Guillaume de Tyr et ses continuateurs (1879-1880). He died in 1881. Bitard; Dantes 1;

Glaeser; Inded BFr2 (1); Vapereau

Paris, Andre, Dr., fl. 1922, he was a medical doctor with the Groupe sanitaire mobile de l'Atlas, Marrakech. His writings include Documents d'architecture berbere, sud de Marrakech (1925). BN Paris, Gaston Bruno Paulin, born in 1839 at Avenay (Marne), he was one of the foremost medievalists of the nineteenth century, educated in Paris and Germany, and succeeded his father in the chair of medieval French at the College de France. He was the founder of the journal Romania. He died on 5 March 1903. BiD&SB; Bioln 1; CIDMEL; Curinier, vol. 1, pp. 116-117; OxFr; OxSpan; Who was who, 1 Pariset, Ernest, born in 1826, he received a doctorate in law from the Faculte de droit de Lyon in 1891. His writings include Histoire de la soie (1862-1865), La Chambre de commerce de Lyon (1886-1889), Les industries de la soie (1890), and Histoire de la frabrique Iyonnaise (1901). He died in 1912. NUC,

pre-1956

Pariset, Etienne, born 5 August 1770 at Gand (Lorraine), he came from a family of modest substance and was educated at his uncle's in Nancy, where he displayed an interest in literature. He served in the army until 1794, when he resigned to study medicine. He received a medical doctorate in 1806 and subsequently served in hospitals. He visited Egypt in 1828 and was a permanent secretary of the Acadernle de medeclne, Paris. He died there on 3 or 6 July 1847. Dantes 1; Dezobry; Egyptology; Hoefer

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Parisot, Antoine Victor, born 7 March 1840 at Nancy, he entered the army in 1858 and graduated from the military college, Saint-Cyr, and l'Ecole d'etat-major. He was posted to Algeria, where he participated in various military expeditions until 1870. After the Franco-Prussian War he returned to Algeria and accompanied the military expedition of general Galliffet from Ouargla to EI Golea as a topographer. In 1888, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel. Larnathiere Parisot, Jean, born in 1861, he wrote Le dialecte de Ma'lula (1898), Rapport sur une mission scientifique en Turquie d'Asie (1899), Rapport sur une mission scientifique en Turquie et en Syrie (1902), and L'accompagnement modal du chant gregorien (1914). He died in 1923. NUC, pre-1956 Park, J. Daniel. He completed his studies at Manchester and Glasgow with a doctorate and became a senior economist with a leading UK research and consulting firm. He was joint author of Bibliographical guide to the political economy of oil and natural gas in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (1978). LC Park, Alfred Chevallier, C.M.G., born in 1874, he was educated at Harrow and then joined the army. After Sandhurst he was in 1899 attached to the Egyptian Army. He was appointed to Sinai as its first British governor in 1909. His promulgation in 1911 of a law for keeping peace amongst the tribes gave him an immense knowledge of local affairs. He left Sinai in 1912 to manage the Police School in Cairo, but returned to the Suez Canal on the outbreak of war and took over EI Arish immediately it was reoccupied by British troops. Until armistice he was in charge of Occupied Enemy Territory Administration, and in 1918 he was re-appointed governor of the province, holding the post until 1923, when he went to Cairo to take over the director-generalship of the Frontier Administration. He resigned from this post in 1925 and returned to England, where he died in 1936. H. V. F. Winstone edited The diaries of Parker Pasha; war in the desert, 1914-1918 (1983). Arab bulletin 1 (1986 reprint), p. xxvii; Who was who, 3; Obituray by C. S. Jarvis in an unidentified periodical, p. 362

Parker, Edward Harper, born 3 January 1849, he was an English Sinologist and a sometime British consul in China. He was successively a professor of Chinese at the universities of Manchsester and Liverpool. His writings include A thousand years of the Tatars (1895). He died 26 January 1926. Bioln, 14; Who was who, 2

Parker, John, born 15 July 1906, he was educated at Oxford, and was elected a Labour M.P. in 1945. He was joint author of Modern Turkey (1940). He died in 1987. Who was who, 8 Parker, Lockie, born in 1895. In 1934, she was teaching English at a girls's high school in Turkey, as part of her major job of studying the education of Turkish girls and reporting on it to the Turkish Educational Association. Her writings include Art and people (New York, 1934), and she was editor of Story parade mystery book (1953). Asia (1934); LC Parker, Orin D., fl. 1964, he was a director, American Friends of the Middle East, Iraq, whose writings include Cultural clues to the Middle Eastern student (1976), and he was joint author of the booklet, Iraq; a study of the educational system of Iraq (1966). NUC, 1968-1972 Parker, Richard Bordeaux, born 3 July 1923 in the Philippine Islands. After education at Kansas State University and Princeton, he entered the U.S. Foreign Service in 1949 and was posted predominantly to the Muslim world. His writings include North Africa; regional and strategic concerns (1984), and he was joint author of A practical guide to Islamic monuments in Cairo (1974), and Islamic monuments in Cairo; a practical guide, 3rd ed. (1987). Master (3); The Middle East and North Africa (London), 1982/83; Shavit; WhoAmP, 1975/76-1997/98

Parkes, James William, born 22 December 1896 at Guernsey, he was a clergyman and a staunch opponent to antisemitism. For his personal engagement he received an honorary fellowship from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, in 1970. His writings include A history of antisemitism (1934-38), The emergence of the Jewish problem, 1878-1939 (1946), and A history of Palestine from 135 A.D. to modern times (1949). He died 6 August 1981. Au&Wr 1971; ConAu,104; Cragg; EncJud; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977; Who, 1948-1981; WhE&EA; Who was who, 8

Parkin, David J., born 5 November 1940 at Watford, Hertfordshire, he was a graduate of SOAS, where he also received a doctorate in 1965. He was a lecturer at his university until 1981, when he was appointed a professor of anthropology. His writings include Sacred void; spatial images of work and ritual among the Giriama of Kenya (1991), and he edited Semantic anthropology (1982), and The anthropology of evil (1985). ConAu, 25-28, new rev., 13, new rev., 30 Parkinson, Dilworth Blaine, born 28 February 1951, he received a Ph.D. in 1982 from the University of Michigan with a thesis entitled Terms of address in Egyptian Arabic. Certainly from 1990 to 2000 he was a professor at the Department of Asian and Near Eastern Languages, Brigham Young University, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

79 Provo, Utah. His writings include Constructing the social context of communication; terms of address in Egyptian Arabic (1985). LC; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2000; Selim 2

Parkinson, John Richard, born 3 April 1922 at Calverley, England, he was an economics graduate from Leeds, and later lectured at Leeds, Glasgow and Belfast, before being appointed in 1969 a professor of economics at the University of Nottingham. His writings include Economic development in Northern Ireland (1970), and he was joint author of Bangladesh; the test case of development (1976), and The political economy of development (1986). ConAu, 102; LC Parkinson, Roger, born 8 July 1939 at Skipton, England, he was a graduate of King's College, London. He was a writer who also published under the pseudonym Matthew Holden. His writings include The origins of World War One (1970), and The war in the desert (1976). He died in 1978. Au&Wr, 1971; ConAu,106; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977; LC

Parks, Hedley Charles, born 19th cent., he was a miscellaneous writer whose writings include Over the week-end, and other one-act plays for the amateur stage (London, 1930), ttSnellenkorttt stenografie; in een-voudige alfabetiese sisteem (Kaapstad, 1935), and Hindustani simplified; for tourists and all military ranks (London, 1937). BLC; NUC, pre-1956 Parkyns, Mansfield Harry Isham, born 16 February 1823 at Ruddington, Nothinghamshire, he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1842, he travelled to Constantinople and on to Abyssinia in 1843; he made his way to the Sudan in late 1845. He spent several months in Khartoum and also made a short voyage on the White Nile. He afterwards travelled to Kordofan and Dongola whence he headed for Cairo, returning to England in 1849. From 1850 to 1852 he served as an attache to the embassy at Constantinople. His writings include Life in Abyssinia (1853). He died 12 January 1894. D. Cumming wrote a biography, The gentleman savage (1987). DNB; Hill Parmar, Shyam, born in 1925, he obtained a doctorate. His writings include Folklore of Madhya Pradesh (1972), Traditional folk media in India (1975), Folk music and mass media (1977), as well as works in Hindi. LC Parmentier, Guillaume, fl. 1980. His writings include Retour de I'histoire; strategie et relations internationales pendant et eores la guerre froide (1993). LC Parmentier, Henri, born 3 January 1871 at Paris, he studied architecture at Paris, and had a brief career as an architect with the Service d'architecture Regence de Tunis before joining n~cole francaise d'Extrerne-Orient in 1900. illness, the very day he realized that he would never again be able to work, died on 22 February 1949. Hommes et destins, vol. 4, pp. 316-319

l'I~cole des beaux-arts de des travaux publics de la After a six-month serious he lost his will to live and

Parmentier, Joseph Charles Theodore, born 14 March 1821 at Barr (Bas-Rhin), he was educated at n~cole polytechnique and n~cole d'application de Metz. He participated in the Crimean War and rose to the rank of general de division de genie. He was an accomplished translator, and, married to a virtuoso violinist, he became a noted musicologist. He died in Paris, 28 April 1910. Curinier, vol. 4 (1903), pp. 93-94; DNBA; IndexBFr 2 (3); t.amarthlere

Parodi, H. D., born 19th cent., he obtained a doctorate in 1908 from the Universite de Grenoble for La verrerie en Egypte. He was a sometime chemist to the Khedive of Egypt. NUC, pre-1956 Parodi, Maurice, born in 1931, he received a doctorate in economics and a diploma from l'I~cole superieure de commerce de Marseille. His writings include Croissance economique et nivellement hierercbique des salaires ouvriers (1962), and he was joint author of Etude sur Ie secteur agricole sous-devetopoe en Algerie (1960), and L'economie et la societe trenceise au second XXe siecle (1994). LC Parpagliolo, Maria Teresa Shephard see Shephard Parpagliolo, Maria Teresa Parr, Leland Wilbur, born 2 November 1892 at Cooksville, Illinois, he received a doctorate in 1923 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled Intestinal spirochelets. He was a bacteriologist who taught at Assiut from 1916 to 1919, and at AUB from 1923 to 1930. He was joint author of An introduction to the anthropology of the Near East in ancient and recent times (1934). WhAm, 9 Parr, Peter J., fl. 1968, he was a professor of history at the Institute of Archaeology, University of London, and a joint editor of Archaeology in the Levant; essays for Kathleen Kenyon (1978). LC Parrinder, Edward Geoffrey Simons, born 30 April 1910 at London, he received doctorates in philosophy and divinity from the University of London. He was a Methodist clergyman who spent twenty-five years teaching in West Africa, and thereafter nineteen years at King's College, London. His writings in-

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80 elude West African religion (1949), Jesus in the Qur'an (1963), Africa's three religions (1976), Mysticism in the world's religions (1976), and Sex in the world's religions (1980). Master (2), Who, 1972-2000

Parrot, Andre, born 15 February 1901 at Desandans (Doubs), he received a doctorate from the Faculte de theoloqie protestante de Paris in 1949. He was an ancient Near Eastern archaeologist and director of French archaeological excavations in Iraq and Syria. He served as conservateur-en-chef of the French national museums since 1946. From 1968 to 1972 he was director of the Musee du Louvre. He wrote extensively on the ancient Near East. Many of his writings were translated. He died 24 August 1980. Bioln 14; Master (2); NYT 27 August 1980, p. B-5, col. 6; WhoFr, 1967/68-1979/80; WhoWor, 1974/75 Parry, Albert, born 24 Februar 1901 at Rostov, Russia, and went to the United States in 1921. He was a free-lance writer and a sometime professor of political science. He died 4 May 1992. ConAu 1-4, new

rev. 6; CurBio 1961; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H; WhAm, 10; WhoAm 1974/75-1988/89; WhoWor 1974/75-1989/90; WrDr 1980/82-1990/92

Parry, Ernest Gambier, 1853-1936 see Gambier-Parry, Ernest Parry, Oswald Hutton, born 18 November 1868 at Clifton, Gloucestershire, he was a graduate of Magdalen College, Oxford, and ordained in 1894. He was head of the Archbishop's Mission to the Armenian Christians from 1897 to 1907. His writings include Six months in a Syrian monastery (1895), and The pilgrim in Jerusalem (1920). He died 28 August 1936. Who was who, 3 Parry, Vernon John, fl. 1962, he was joint author of the phonotape, The Habsburg and Ottoman empires (1972), and joint editor of War, technology and society in the Midle East (1975). LC Parsons, Abraham, died in 1785, he was the son of a merchant captain, and became a merchant at Bristol. He was a consul for the Turkey Company at Iskenderun. He left a manuscript of his travels which was published posthumously entitled Travels in Asia and Africa, including a journey from Scanderoon to Aleppo, and over the desert to Bagdad and Bussora, a voyage from Bussora to Bombay, and along the western coast of India, a voyage from Bombay to Mocha and Suez in the Red Sea, and a journey from Suez to Cairo and Rosetta, in Egypt (1806), and its translation, KarawanenReise von Aleppo nach Bagdad (1808). Buckland; DNB Parsons, Sir Anthony Derrick, born 9 September 1922 in Britain, he was educated at King's School, Canterbury, and Balliol College, Oxford, and entered HM Diplomatic Service. He was ambassador during the last years of the Shah's rule. After his retirement he taught at Exeter University and wrote The pride and the fall; Iran, 1974-1979 (1984), They say lion (1986), and From cold war to hot peace; UN interventions, 1947-1994 (1996). He died 12 August 1996. BRISMES newsletter 11, no. 1 (November 1996), p.1; condensed from Middle East international; Who's who, 1978-1996

Parsons, Frederick Victor, born in 1908, he received a Ph.D. in 1954 from the London School of Economics with a thesis entitled The "Morocco question, (( 1880-1892. His writings include The origins of the Morocco question, 1880-1900 (1976). LC; Sluglett Parsons, Frederick William, born 9 February 1908 at Reigate, Surrey, he was an Oxford graduate in classics and politics, and became an administration officer in the British Colonial Service from 1932 to 1944. He later was a lecturer in Hausa at SOAS, and a legal translator for the Northern Nigerian Government. In 1988 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Studies in Hausa language and linguistics in honour of F. W Parsons. LC; Unesco Parsons, James Jerome, born 15 November 1915 at Cortland, N.Y., he was a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, where he received a Ph.D. in 1947 with a thesis entitled Antioqueno colonization in western Columbia. Thereafter he taught geography at his alma mater. The Universidad de Antioquia conferred on him an honorary doctorate in 1965. A collection of his selected writings was published in 1989 entitled Hispanic lands and people. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1976 P; WhoAm, 1976/77-19961 Parssinen, Catherine, fl. 1980, she was a technical writer and graphic arts coordinator for the Saudi Arabian Bechtel Company, Dhahran, and assistant to the Dean of Graduate School, University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran. Partinelis, Christos G., fl. 1971, he was affiliated with the Research Centre for Medieval and Modern Hellenism of the Academy of Athens. Partington, David Henry, born ca. 1930, he received a Ph.D. in 1961 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled The Nisab al-ihtisab, an Arabic religio-Iegal text. He was a Middle East librarian at Ann Arbor, Mich., and, later, head of the Middle East collections at Harvard University. He also was a past president of the Middle East Librarians Association of the United States. While at Michigan, he complied Holdings on Algeria and Holdings on Morocco, both published in 1967. NUC, 1968-1972; Selim Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Partington, James Riddick, born 20 June 1886 at Weaverham, Cheshire, he studied chemistry at the University of Manchester and later worked in Berlin on specific heats of gases. For his work for the Ministry of Munitions during World War I he was knighted. From 1919 to 1951 he was professor of chemistry at Queen Mary College, London University. His writings include The nitrogen industry (1922), A history of Greek fire and gunpowder (1960), and A history of chemistry (1961). He died on 9 October 1965. DNB; DcScB; Who was who, 6 Partington, Martin, born 5 March 1944 at Maidstone, Kent, he was a graduate of Cambridge and successively taught law at a number of English universities. His writings include Landlord and tenant (1975), and Claim in time (1978). ConAu 124 Partner, Peter David, born 15 JUly 1924 at Little Heath, Hertforshire, he graduated from Magdalen College, Oxford, and later taught history at Winchester until his retirement in 1986. He was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, 1976-1977. His writings include The Papal State under Martin V (1958), a work which was originally presented as his Oxford doctoral thesis, The murdered magicians; the Templars and their myth (1982), Arab voices; the BBC Arabic Service, 1938-1988 (1988), and The Pope's men (1990). ConAu 85-88; WhoWor 1998/90 Partridge, Ernest Crocker, born in 1870 at Weybridge, Vt., he was a graduate of Oberlin College and Andover Theological Seminary, and became a missionary to the Armenians for a quarter of a century. From 1900 to 1917 he was head of the American Teachers' College in Sivas, Turkey, and from 1922 to 1926, educational director of the Near East Relief in the Armenian Soviet Republic. After his return to Ohio, he was active in various national committees working on behalf of the Armenian people. He died in 1955. Shavit Partsch, Josef Franz Maria, born 4 July 1851 at Schreiberhau, Germany, he studied classics and history and successively was a professor of geography at the universities of Breslau and Leipzig. He died in Bad Brambach, 22 June 1925. Bioln,8; DtBE; KOrschner, 1907 Paruck, Furdoonie D. J., fl. 1921. His writings include Sasanian coins (c1924, 1976).

LC

Parulekar, Narayan Bhikaji, born 3 June 1887 or 1897 at Godchi, India, he was a graduate of Bombay University and later a school teacher, before studying newspaper operations in the United States, where he received an unidentified doctorate from Columbia University in 1928. He was a pioneer in modern journalism in Indian languages and editor of several periodicals. His writings include Let us win the peace (1944), and The science of the soul force, or, Mahatma Gandhi's doctrine of truth and non-violence (1962). He died 9 January 1973. Eminent; Wholndia, 1936, 1937 Parveen, Khalida, fl. 1976, she was a staff demographer at the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad. Note about the author Parvin, Manouchehr, born 27 June 1934, he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Technological adaptation and the rate of per capita growth. He was successively a professor of economics at the University of Akron, Ohio, Fordham University, N.V.C., and Columbia University. His writings include Cry for my revolution, Iran (1987), Post-revolutionary Iran (1988), and Avicenna and I; the journey of spirits; a novel (1996), and he was an editor of the Middle East economic review. LC; MESA Roster of members, 1977-1990 Parzymies, Anna, born about 1950, her writings include Tunezja (1984), and Anthroponymie algerienne; noms de famille modernes d'origine turque (1985), a work which was originally submitted as a doctoral thesis, Universytet Jagiellonski, Krakow. LC Pascallon, Pierre, born 12 November 1941, he studied at Aix-en-Provence and received a doctorate. In 1970 he became a professor and deputy director, Faculte de droit et des sciences econorniques et sociales de Clermont-Ferrand. He was a sometime maitre de conference agrege and lecturer at the Faculte de droit et des sciences economiques d'Alger. His writings include Monnaie et equltlbre (1974), Regards sur ce temps (1977), and Quelle planification pour la France (1979). Who's who in France, 1996/7-2000

Paschinger, Herbert Michael, born 27 September 1911 at Neumarkt, Austria, he studied geography at the Universitat Graz, where he completed his academic education with a doctorate in 1934 during the depression. It was not until after his release from a British prisoner of war camp in 1945 that he began his university teaching career, first at Innsbruck and later at his alma mater. Though his main interest remained Alpine geography, his studies also ventured into the Mediterranean region. KOrschner, 196119921; Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, Wien, 113 (1971), pp. 277-288; Who is who in Dsterreich, 1983; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77

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82 Pascon, Paul, born 13 April 1932 at Fas, he studied sociology and colloquial as well as literary Arabic, and received a doctorat es lettres in 1977 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Le Haouz de Marrakech. He opted for Moroccan citizenship and became a conseiller to the Equipe interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences humaines, Rabat, and later a professor at the Institut agroeconornlque et veterinaire Hassan II. His writings include the translation of his thesis, Capitalism and agriculture in the Haouz of Marrakesh (1986), and he was joint author of Structures sociales du HautAtlas (1978), Les Bani Bou Frah; essai d'ecologie sociale d'une vellee rifaine (1983), and Les paysans sans terre au Maroc (1986). He died in a car accident in 1985. Index Islamicus (2); LC; Unesco Pascual, Jean Paul. He received a doctorate in 1981 from the Universite d'Aix-en-Provence I with a thesis entitled Damas a la fin du xvieme siecte; deux actes de waqf de gouverneurs de Syrie. His writings include Index schemetique du Ta'rikh Bagdad (1971), and Damas a la fin du XV/e siecte (1983). LC; THESAM, 3 Pascual Villar, Alberto, fl. 1955-56, he gained a licenciado in lettres and philosophy and became a lawyer, civil servant, and a sometime secretary at the Spanish embassy in Cairo. IndiceE (1) Pasdermadjian, Garegin, born in 1873, he obtained a doctorate, was an M.P. from Erzurum, and a special envoy of His Holiness, the Catholicos of all Armenians. His writings include the pamphlets, Why Armenia should be free; Armenia's role in the present war(1918), Armenia, a leading factor in the winning of the war (1919), and Armenia and her claims to freedom and national independence (1919).

He died in 1923. NUC, pre-1956

Pasdermadjian, Hrant (Henri), born in 1904 at Tiflis, he received a doctorate in 1932 from the Universite de Grenoble with a thesis entitled L'Organisation scientifique du travail. He was a sometime professor at the Universite de Geneva. His writings include Le Memento de I'organisateur (1949), and Histoire de l'Armenle (1949), and its Persian translation in 1990. He died in 1954. LC; Meydan Pashaeva (Pashaieva), M., fl. 1954. Her writings include Onucenue epxuee ,Q>Kanun MaMeoKynu3aoe (Baku, 1961), and onucenue epxuee ,Q>Kacj:Japa ,Q>Ka6apnbl (Baku, 1965). NUC, 1968-1972 Pasic, Muhamed, born in 1891 at Paslc-kull near Rogatica, Bosnia, he was a successively a teacher, and director, of the Seriatske Gimnazije in Sarajevo. He served a time-keeper at the Gazi Husrevbegove Muvekithane. He died 30 July 1980. Anali Gazi Husrev-Begove Biblioteke 7/8 (1982), pp. 278-279 Pasig, Paul Richard, born 27 June 1852 at Leipzig, he studied theology and classical as well as German philology at Leipzig and Erlangen. He was a private tutor in Germany and Egypt, an editor of Welt and Haus, and a private scholar whose severe hearing problem increasingly restricted him to literary work which he published under several pseudonyms. His writings include Aegypten; Steifzuge durch das Pharaonenland (1888). He died in Leipzig, 28 January 1926. DtBiind (1); KDtLK, 1911-1925 Paskoff, Roland, fl. 1957, he was a sometime professor of geography at the Universite de Tunis. His writings incluce Geographie de I'environnement (1985), he was joint author of La Goulette; carte geomorphologique (1977), Les cotes de la Tunisie; variations du niveau marin depuis Ie Tytrnenten (1983), and editor of Bibliography, 1979-1982; International Geographical Union (1984), and Colloque international sur "Les oeptecements des lignes de rivage en Mediterranee," 1985 (1987). LC Pasolini, Pier Desiderio, born 21 September 1844 at Coccolia near Ravenna, he studied law at Bologna. He was a member of parliament and nominated senator in 1889. He died in 1920. IndBI Pasor, Matthias, born 12 April 1599 at Herborn, Germany, he was a scholar from the Universitat Heidelberg, who was a lecturer in Arabic, Aramaic, and Syriac at Oxford, from 1626 to 1629. He then became a professor of theology at Groningen, where he died in 1658. ADtB; BiBenelux2 (5); DtBiind (3) Pasqualini, Maria Gabriella, born 20th cent., she was a cultural attche in Iran, France, and Mexico, before she became a professor at the Facolta di scienze politiche, Universita degli studi di Perugia. Her writings include L'/talia e Ie prime esperienze costituzionali in Persia, 1905-1919 (1992). LC Pasqualucci, Gino, fl. 1912. His writings include the booklet, SuI regime fondiario della nostra colonia

di Libia (1912). Firenze

Pasquet, Desire, born 19th cent. His writings include Essai sur les origines de la Chambre des communes (1914), its translation, An essay on the origins of the House of Commons (1918), L'effort anglais (1918), and he was joint author, with Aline Pasquet, of L'art egyptien (1910), and Le Caire et Alexandrie (1910). BN Pasquier, Roger, born 11 August 1923, he received a doctorate in 1987 with a thesis entitled Le Senegal au mileu du xtx steele. His writings include L'animation agricole; un moyen d'accroitre I'utilite des fonds destines au devetoppement rural dans Ie Tiers-monde (1973). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Pasquier-Bronde, L., born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1911 from the Faculte de droit d'Alger for Les associations agricoles en Algerie. His writings include La Maison de I'agriculture algerienne au service du pays (1934), Les droits de I'homme au service de I'homme; un certain aspect du probleme algerien (Alger, 1955), and he was joint author of Organisation en Algerie de I'assurance mutuelle agricole contre l'incendie (Alger, 1909), and Etude sur la representation professionnelle agricole par les chambres d'agriculture; Ie point de vue algerien (1913). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Passadoro, Ettore, born 19th cent., his writings include L'ordinamento economico e giuridicico delle societs cooperative (Milano, 1900), and Demografia; propedeutica allo studio delle scienze sociali (Milano,1921). Firenze; NUC, pre-1956 Passama, J.-S., fl. 1842, he was a navy lieutenant who travelled in parts of the Tihama and spent some time in 1842 at Hais, Yemen. He was the translator of Description de 800 miles de la cote sud de I'Arabie (1843), and Description des cotes meridionales d'Arabie (1849), both by Stafford B. Haines. He died in 1886. BN; Henze Passamonti, Eugenio, born 6 December 1887 at Pisa, he was an instructor at the Reale Istituto Tecnico "G. Sommeiller" di Torino. His writings include /I giornalismo giobertiano in Torino nel 18471848 (1914), Le colonie portoghesi e Ie relazioni anglo-tedesche dal 1898 al 1914 (1939), and Negoziati mediterranei anglo-franco-italiani dalla guerra di Libia al conflitto mondiale (1914). Chi e 1928, 1931,1936,1940

Passarge, Otto Karl Siegfried, born in 1867 at Konigsberg, Germany, he studied natural sciences at the universities of Berlin, Freiburg i. Br., and Jena, where he received a doctorate in 1891 with a thesis entitled Das Roth im ostlichen Tharingen. In 1893-94 he accompanied an expedition to the Cameroons. In 1905 he was appointed professor of geography at the Universitat Breslau. He served at the Kolonialinstitut, Hamburg, from 1908 to 1919, when he became the founding director of the Institut far Geographie und Wirtschaftskunde, Hamburg, a position which he held until his retirement in 1935. His writings include Agypten und der arabische Orient (1931), and Geographische Volkerkunde (1933-38). He died in Bremen, 26 June 1958. Bioln,8; DtBE; Henze; KOrschner,1910-1950; Werist's, 1935 Passarge, Siegfried, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1955 from the Universitat Hamburg with a thesis entitled Morphologische Studien in der Waste von Assuan. Schwarz Passek, Tat'iana Sergeevna, born in 1903 at St. Petersburg, she was a senior research fellow at the Institute of Archaeology of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Her writings include TpblninbcKa Kynbmypa; HayKoBo-nonynflpHuCi (1941), and she edited ,apeBHocmu; Cu6upu, ,aanbHeao Bocmose u CpeoHeCi Asuu: C60pHUK cmameCi (1968). She died in Moscow, 4 August 1968. GSE; LC Passeron, Rene, born 10 August 1892 at Setif, Algeria, he was educated in Algeria and metropolitan France, and received a doctorate in law as well as diplomas in Islamic law and Arabic lingUistics. He was a director of the Services de la legislation, de la fonction publique et du personnel at the Gouvernement general de l'Algerie, and concurrently a lecturer at the Faculte de droit d'Alger, the Institut d'etudes superieures islamiques, and the Ecole nationale d'agriculture de l'Algerie. He died on 18 December 1961. WhoFr, 1959/60, 1961/621 Passmore Sanderson, Lilian M. see Sanderson, Lilian M. Passmore Passy, Frederic, born 31 May 1822 at Paris, he was a lawyer who owed his reputation not so much to his studies in political economy as to his ardent propaganda in the cause of peace and international arbitration. He was a member of parliament, president of the Societe d'economie politique, and founder of the Societe francaise pour I'arbitrage entre les nations. For his efforts he was awarded jointly the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901. He died 12 June 1912. Curinier, v. 1 (1901), pp. 172-173; Master (2); OxLaw; WorAI

Pasteur, Edouard Francois Joseph Felix, fl. 1932-1933, he was a meoecln-cotonet and contributed articles to medical journal. BN Pastner, Carroll McClure, born in 1942, she received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Brandeis University with a thesis entitled Sexual dichotomization in society and culture; the women of ... Baluchistan. In 1972 she was affiliated with the University of Vermont. Pastner, Stephen Lane, born in 1943, he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Brandeis University with a thesis entitled Camp and territory among the nomads of Northern Makran District, Baluchistan. He became a professor of anthropology and director of Asian studies in the University of Vermont at Burlington, a post which he still held in 2000. He was joint editor of Confronting the creationists (1982), and Anthropology in Pakistan (1985). NatFacDr, 1995-2000 Pastor de Togneri, Reyna, fl. 1970, his writings include Del islam al cristianismo en las fronteras de dos formaciones econ6mico-sociales (1975), and Resistencias y luchas camesinas en la epoce del Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

84 crecimiento y consolidaci6n de la formaci6n feudal; Castille y Leon, siglos X-XIII (1980), a work which he originally submitted as his doctoral dissertation at the Universidad de Madrid in 1980. LC

Pastoureau-Labesse, J. B., fl. 1870-1891. His writings include Du commerce maritime et des moyens de Ie developer (1884), and Le probleme algerien (1891) as well as several pamphlets on maritime trade. BN Pasvolsky, Leo, born in 1893 in Russia, he was a graduate of the College of the City of New York, and received his Ph.D. in 1936 from Brookings Institution. He later was a free-lance economist as well as a Soviet specialist at Brookings Institution and the U.S. Government. He died in Washington, D.C., on 5 May 1953. AmPeW; BiDlnt; Bioln,3; CurBio, 1945, 1953; DAB; ObitOF,79; WhAm, 3 Patai, Raphael, born 22 November 1910 at Budapest, he studied at Budapest, Breslau, Jerusalem, and earned doctorates at the universities of Budapest and Jerusalem, as well as ordination at the Rabbinical Seminary, Budapest. In 1936, he became a teacher of Hebrew and then a research fellow in Jewish ethnology at the Hebrew University and, in 1944, founded and headed the Palestine Institute of Folklore and Ethnology, and also edited its journal Edoth. He was awarded the Viking Fund Fellowship and went to settle in N.Y.C. in 1947. Thereafter, he taught at half a dozen American universities. For a time, he was a consultant to the Department of Social Affairs of the UN on Middle Eastern affairs. He managed simultaneously to pursue his scholarship and to shoulder numerous challenging administrative responsibilities. He served variously as director of the Syria-JordanLebanon Research Project; as executive-secretary of the Israel Institute of Technology; and as research director of the Herzl Institute. His publications up to 1981 fill twenty-five pages in Fields of offerings, a jubilee volume presented to him in 1983, His writings include Journeyman in Jerusalem; memories and letters, 1933-1947 (1992). He died from cancer in Tucson, Ariz., 20 JUly 1996. CnDiAmJBi; EncJud.; Fekete; WhoWorJ, 1965; WrDr, 1980/82-1996/98; WRMEA 15 (October 1996), p. 126

Patenotre, Jules, born 20 April 1845 in Champagne, he was a graduate of l'Ecole normale superleure and was a professeur at the Lycee d'Alger from 1867 to 1871. The following year he entered the foreign service and was posted to Tehran and Tanger, among other places. His writings include La France degeneree (1871), and Souvenirs d'un diplomat, voyages d'autrefois (1913). Qui etes-VDus 1924; Vapereau

Paterson, Robert M'Cheyne, born in 1862 at Sialkot, Punjab, he was educated at Hamilton Academy and Glasgow University, and received M.A. and B.D. degrees. For fifty-two years he pursued evangelistic, educational and philanthropic work in India. He was awarded O.B.E. in 1926. Britlnd (1) Paterson, William Forbes, It-commander, R.N., born 18 February 1919 and, from 1936, educated at Pangbourne Nautical School. A professional naval officer, he served throughout the second world war in the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, India and the Far East. Posted to Hong Kong in 1945, he was subsequently appointed base signal officer, Shanghai. Returning to the U.K. in 1947, he was in due course appointed staff communications officer to Admiral Sir Robert Burnett, R.N., Plymouth. After retirement in 1961 he joined Reuters News Service, then served with the Central Office of Information from 1967 to 1980. While at the R.N. Signal School, he developed a keen interest in archery as a modern sport, and such was the skill he developed in bowmanship that in 1952 he took second place in the English National Longbow Championship. Through his work with Reuters he played a leading part in bringing about the reintroduction of archery into the Olympic Games. In addition to his practical shooting skill, he had a deep interest in the conservation and repair of old equipment, an aspect in which he was able to offer assistance to several museums with noteworthy collections of these weapons. In the academic sphere he made valuable contributions to the history of archery, notably in the Middle East and Far East. An enthusiatic member of the Royal Toxophilite Society, he became a member of the Archer-Antiquaries in 1959, and from 1964 until 1984 he was chairman of the latter, and then president from 1984 until his death on 13 December 1986. In 1970 he was joint author with J. D. Latham of an English version and exposition of a Mamluk work, Saracen archery. He also edited and published a translation of an important eye-witness account of bow-making in China during 1942, when the old traditions of the craft were almost extinct. In addition to his Encyclopaedia of archery (1984), he produced A guide to the crossbow, published posthumously in 1990, in which is included a full list of his published work. J. D. Latham Pathan, Mumtaz Husain, born in 1927 at Hyderabad, he received a doctorate in 1974 from the University of Sind with a thesis entitled Arab kingdom of al-Mansurah in Sind. He was a sometime chairman of the Muslim History Department, University of Sind, and a practising lawyer. His writings include Sind, Arab period (1978). LC Patil, Vishwanath Tammanagouda, born in 1940. His writings include Nehru and the freedom movement (1977), Gandhi, Nehru, and the Quit India Movement (1984), Problems and issues in political Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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science (1992), and he was joint author of Problems in Indian education (1982), and Jayaprakash Narayan; dynamics of socialism (1989). lC

Patkanov (Patkanian), Kerope Petrovich, born in 1833 at Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan, he was a sometime Orientalist at St. Petersburg University. His writings include ncmopi« MOHaonOBb no apMflHcKUMb ucmounuxeu» (1873), L!b/aaHbl; HeCKonbKO cnoe» 0 Hapelliflxb 3aKaBKa3CKUXb uueem. (1887), and Les manuscrits arabes (non compris dans Ie no. 1), karchounis, grecs, coptes, ethiopiens, armeniens, georgiens et babys de I'Institut des languages orientales (1891). He died in St. Petersburg in 1889. GSE; NUC, pre-1956

Patkanov, Serafim Keropovich, born 19th cent. His writings include Die Irtysch-Ostjaken und ihre Volkspoesie (1877-1900), irtisi-osztjek sz6jegyzek (1902), Tun OCmflL(KOaO 60aamblpfl no OCmflL(KUM 6blfluHaM u aepoullecKuM CKa3aHUFIMb (1891), and its translation, Der Typ des ostjakischen HeIden in den ostjakischen Bylinen und Heldensagen (1975). lC; NUC, pre-1956 Patlagean, Evelyn, fl. 1969, she was a sometime professor at the Universite de Paris at Nanterre. Her writings include Pauverete economique et peuverete sociale a Byzance, 4e-7e siecles (1977), its translation, Poverte ed emarginazione a Bisancio, IV-VII secolo (1986), and a collection of her articles, 1964-1979, entitled Structure sociale, famille, cnretient« a Byzance, IV-XI siecle (1981). lC Patmore, Derek Coventry, born 15 January 1908 at London, he was a journalist, free lance writer, and interior decorator. He was a special correspondent for the News chronicle in Turkey during two years or more since the beginning of 1941. His writings include Invitation to Roumania (1939), Balkan correspondent (1941), Images of Greece (1944), Private history; an autobiography (1960), and he edited The star and the crescent; an anthology of modern Turkish poetry (1946). He also wrote several books on house decoration. He died at the end of 1972. Bioln 6; ConAu 5-8, 103; WhE&EA Paton, John, he was an assistant to the Resident of Oudh and wrote The British Government and the Kingdom of Oudh, 1764-1835, edited by Bisheshwar Prasad (1944). BlC Paton, Thomas Angus Lyall, born 10 May 1905 at Jersey, Channel Islands, he graduated in engineering from University College, London, and received an honorary doctorate in 1977. He was a consulting engineer and joint author of Power from water (1960). He died 7 April 1999. IntWW, 19791998/99; Who, 1982-1999; WhoWor, 1978-1984/85

Paton, William, born 13 November 1886 at Brixton, London, he was educated at Oxford and Cambridge, and ordained a minister of the Presbyterian Church of England in 1917. He was secretary of the Inter-national Missionary Council since 1927, and since 1938, secretary of the provisional committee of the World Council of Churches. His writings include The missionary motive (1913), Jesus Christ and the world's religions (1916), Social ideas in India (1919), The faiths of mankind (1932), and The white man's burden (1939). He died 21 August 1943. ChambrBrBi DNB; Master (2); Moslem world 33 (1943), p. 238; WhE&EA; Who was who, 4

Paton, William Roger, born in 1857 in Aberdeenshire, he was educated at Eton and Oxford, and became a justice of the peace and D.L. for Aberdeenshire. He was an associate of the German Imperial Archaeological Institute. His writings include The Greek anthology, with English translation (1916), and he was joint author of The inscriptions of Cos (1891). He died in 1921. Britlnd (1) Patorni, F., fl. 1884-1896, he was lnterpret« militaire in Algeria. His writings include Les Tirailleurs algeriens dans Ie Sahara; recite faits par trois survivants de la Missions Flatters (Constantine, 1884). Patra, A. N., fl. 1976. His writings include Committees and commissions on Indian education, 19471977; a bibliography (1987). lC Patrick, Mary Mills, born 10 March 1850 at Canterbury, N.H., she studied in Iowa, to which Heidelberg, Zurich, Leipzig, and Bern were added. In 1871, she became a teacher in the American mission school for girls in Erzurum, and later, the founding president of the American College for Girls at Constantinople. Her writings include the autobiography, Under fives sultans (1929), and A Bosporus adventure; Istanbul Woman's College, 1871-1924 (1934). She died 25 February 1940. AmWomM; CurBio, 1940; DAB; Master (8); Shavit

Patrick, Richard Arthur, born in 1942, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from LSE with a thesis entitled A general systems theory approach to geopolitical aspects of conflict between communities, with particular reference to Cyprus since 1960. His writings include Political geography and the Cyprus conflict, 1963-1971 (1976). He died in 1974. lC; Sluglett

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Patricolo, Achille, born in 1877, he was joint author of The church of Sift Burbara in Old Cairo, and its Italian edition, La chiesa di Santa Barbara al vecchio Cairo, both of which were published in Milano, 1922. He died after 1924. NUC, pre-1956 Patrin, Eugene Melchior Louis, born 3 April 1742 at Mornant near Lyon, he was a mineralogist who explored Siberia for eight years, and, in 1792, became a depute for Rh6ne-et-Loire. He was a corresponding member of the Institut trancats. His writings include Histoire naturel/e des minereux (1803), its translation, Storia naturale dei minerali (1836), and Relation d'un voyage aux monts d'Altaice en Siberie, fait en 1781 (1783). He died in Saint-Vallier (Dr6me), 15 August 1815. DcBiPP; Dezobry; Hoefer; IndexBFR2(7)

Patrinelis (Patrineles), Christos G., born 15 July 1929 in the Peloponnese, he received a doctorate in 1966 from Saloniki University for an edition of Agallianos' Discourses. His writings include Movf] LTaUpOVIKf]Ta; totopta-uxovo; xpuaoKEvTrJJ.laTa (1974). EVl, 1993/94, 1996/97; NUC, 1973-1977 Patrunky, Pauline, born 19th cent., she was dean of the orphanage of the Deutsche Orient-Mission in Urfa, Turkey. Some of her letters are included in the brief biography, Nicht vergebens; Pauline Patrunky, eine Dienerin des Herrn an dem armenischen Volke (1906). GV Patsch, Carl Ludwig, born 14 September 1865 at Kovac, Bohemia, he studied history, geography and classical philology at Karls Universitat, Prag, where he received a Dr.phil. degree in 1889 with a thesis entitled Strabos Quel/en zur Geschichte seiner Zeit. He was a professor at a secondary school in Sarajevo from 1893 to 1898, when he was appointed keeper at the Bosnisch-Herzegowinisches Landesmuseum, a position which afforded him extensive archaeological activities. In 1902, he participated in an expedition to Asia Minor. In 1908, he became the founding director of the Institut fur Balkanforschung, Sarajevo. He returned to Wien in 1919 and became a professor. His writings include Das Sandschak Berat in Albanien (1904). He died in an air raid on Wien, 21 February 1945. DtBilnd (2); Kosch; KOrschner, 1925-1940/41; OBl; Werist's, 1922-1935

Patterson, Franklin Kessel, born 14 September 1916 at Ellsworth, Iowa, he was a graduate of Occidental College, and received a Ph.D. in 1955 from Claremont Graduate School. Since 1971 he taught at the University of Massachusetts, Boston, and later became a Boyden Professor. His writings include The making of a college (1966). ConAu, 45-48 Patterson, John Henry, born in 1867 at Dublin, he was a commanding officer of the Zion Mule Corps and the Jewish Legion. His writings include With the Zionists in Gallipoli (1916), and With the Judaeans in the Palestine campaign (1922). He died in 1947. Britlnd (2); EncJud; JOdlex; NYT 20 June 1947, p. 20, col. 2

Patterson, Robert B., fl. 1964, he compiled the Earldom of Gloucester charters; the charters and scribes of the earls and countesses of Gloucester to A.D. 1217 (1973). lC Pattin, Adriaan (Adrien) Julien, born 17 June 1914 at Hasselt, Belgium, he entered the Oblate Fathers in 1935 and received a doctorate in philosophy from the Universite de Louvain in 1952. He was a professor at Ottawa from 1953 to 1967, when he joined the staff of the Centre of Ecclesiastical Studies, Louvain. He edited Pour I'histoire du sens agent; la controverse entre Barthelemy de Bruges et Jean de Jandun (1988). WhoWor, 1984/85-1989/901 Patton, Cornelius Howard, born 25 December 1860 at Chicago, he graduated from Amherst College in 1883, and later received a doctorate. He was a sometime secretary of the Home Department of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was a collector of rosaries, and his collection became known through his generous interest in loan exhibitions. His writings include The Business of missions (1924). He died 17 August 1939. AmAu&B; DcNAA; NatCAB, vol. 30, p. 196; WhAm, 1; WhNAA

Patton, Walter Melville, born 12 November 1863 at Montreal, P.Q., he was in commercial life in Montreal and Chicago from 1876 to 1885. He then entered the ministry of the Methodist Church in Canada as a probationer. In 1887, he started to study at McGill University and the Wesleyan Theological College, Montreal. He pursued post-graduate studies at Yale University, where he received an M.A., and at the universitat Heidelberg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1897 with a thesis entitled Ahmed ibn Hanbal and the Mihna. For the next two years he was a professor of Old Testament languages and literature at Wesleyan Theological College. He briefly taught at Yale, before he became the Florence B. Nicholson professor of Biblical literature and philosophy at Baker University, Baldwin, Kan. He later returned to the Montreal Theological College as a professor. He died in Montreal, 5 August 1928. Canadian, 1898, 1912; Schwarz; WhAm, 1; WhNAA Paty de Clam, Antoine Amedee Mercier, 1813-1887 see Du Paty de Clam, Antoine Amedee Mercier Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Pauka, Dietmar, fl. 1976, he was a writer on internal revenue. He wrote Gewerbesteuer; Handausgabe (1994), and he edited Steuergesetze (1996). Paul, Andrew, born in 1907, he wrote A history of the Beja tribes of the Sudan (1954).

lC

Paul, Arthur, born 18 January 1925 at Chicago, he was a free-lance designer, publishing executive, and, from 1952 to 1983, art director of Pa/yboy magazine. The Arthur Paul Collection at the University of Nebraska, Omaha, is one of the largest library collections on Afghanistan in the Western world. Bioln, 10; WhoAm, 1980-1999; WhoAmA,1984-1997/98

Paul, Ewald, born 11 June 1863 at Halberstadt, Germany, he studied at universities at home and abroad and wrote on medicine and animal husbandry. He travelled extensively in Europe, the Near East and North Africa. He was of cheerful disposition despite persistent persecution, a member of the Hygiene Institut, MOnchen, and an editor of the Reise- und Hygiene Zeitung. His writings include Egypten in hande/spo/itischer Hinsicht (1883), Griechen/and und die TOrkei (1886), Die Zukunft unseres Hande/s (1886), and Das russische Asien und seine we/twirthschaft/iche Bedeutung (1888). KOrschner, 1904-1935/; Wer ist's, 1909-1935; WhE&EA

Paul, Harendra Chandra, born 20th cent., he was a professor of Persian, Maulana Azad College, Calcutta, in 1972. His writings include Ja/a/u'd-Din Rumi and his tasawwuf (1985), a work which was orginally submitted in 1960 as his thesis at Calcutta University. lC Paul, Hugh Glencairn Balfour, 1917- see Balfour Paul, Hugh G/encairn Paul, Norman Stark, born 23 March 1919 at Stamford, Conn., he was a lawyer, government official, and a sometime regional director for Near East, Africa and South Asia, and assistant Secretary of Defense. He died 30 May 1978. Bioln, 6; NatCAB, v. 62, pp. 13-14; NYT 1 June 1978, p. D-21, col. 1; WhAm, 7 Paul, Otto Albert, born 4 May 1888 at Berlin, he studied at Berlin and MOnchen where he received a doctorate in 1928 with a thesis entitled Der dreisilbige Auftakt in den Reimpaaren Wolframs von Eschenbach. His long study was due to his frail constitution. His writings include Exegetische Beitrage zum Awesta (1939). Thesis Paulhiac, H., born 19th cent., he originated from Perigord and started life as a farmer. He spent some time in Germany and then travelled in western Europe, Algeria, Tunisia and the French Sudan, before entering military service. After passing through the Ecole de Saumur, he became a lieutenant and was posted for three years to French West Africa, where he became an example of the French mission civilisatrice. He was a member of the Societe de geographie de Paris. His writings include Promenades /ointaines; Sahara, Niger, Tombouctou, Touareg; preface par Hugues Le Roux (1905). BN Pauliny, Jan, fl. 1963-1994, his writings include Zivot v risi kalifov (Bratislava, 1972).

lC

Paulitschke, Philipp Viktor, his full name was Paulitschke Edler von BrOgge. He was born 24 September 1854 at Tschermakowitz (Cermakovic), Austria-Hungary, and studied classical philology, history, and geography at the universities of Wien and Graz. He was a secondary school teacher until 1883, when he became a lecturer in geography at Wien. He was one of the first scientific explorers of the Adel territories and the old city of Harar in Abyssinia. His principal importance is in the field of geographical and ethnographical research. His writings include Die geographische Erforschung der Ada/Lander und Herere in Ost-Afrika (1888), and Ethnographie Nordost-Afrikas (1893-96). He died in Wien on 11 December 1899 from a liver infection contracted during his final trip to Africa. DtBE; Geographers 9 (1985), pp. 95-100; Henze; Kosch; Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft, Wien, 92 (1950), pp. 4553; OBl; Wer

Paulitschke, Wilhelm, born 25 February 1889 at Wien, he studied law at the Universltat Wien, where he received a Dr.jur. in 1913. He did post-graduate work both at the Handelsakademie and Exportakademie. He later was a practising lawyer in Wien. He was the son of Philipp Paulitschke. Paull, Michael Ray, born first half 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of North Carolina with a thesis entitled The figure of Mahomet in Midd/e English literature. Selim Paulova, Milada, 1891-1970. She received a doctorate in history and became a professor at Universita Karolava, Praha. Her writings include L'is/am et /a civilisation meditetreneenne (1934), and Ba/kanske va/ky 1912-1913 a cesky lid (1963). IES; PSN

Paulus, Christoph, born first half of the 19th cent., his writings include Grundlinien der neueren ebenen Geometrie (1853), Blicke in die Weissagung der Offenbarung des Johannis (1857), and Tafe/n zur Berechnung der Mondphasen (1885). He died in 1893. NUC, pre-1956

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Paulus, Heinrich Erberhard Gottlob, born 1 September 1761 at Leonberg, Germany, he studied philosophy and theology at TObingen, and was a professor of Oriental languages and philosophy at Jena from 1789 to 1803. In 1811 he was appointed professor of theology at Heidelberg, where he died 10 August 1851. His writings include Sammlung der merkwurdigen Reisen in den Orient in Obersetzungen und Auszugen (Jena, 1792-1804). He was associated with Goethe, whom he taught Arabic. BbD; BBHS; BiD&SB; DtBE; DtBilnd (11); LuthC 75

Pauphilet, Albert, born in 1884, he was a medievalist and, in 1911, a professeur of French literature at the Lycee Faidherbe, Lille. He received a doctorate in 1921 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled La tradition manuscrite et I'etablissement du texte de la Queste del Saint Graal. In 1938 he edited Historiens et chroniqueurs du moyen age. He died in 1948. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Pauphilet, Didier, fl. 1949-55, he was a geologist and contributed to Mission au Fezzan, 1949 (Tunis, 1953). NUC, pre-1956 Paust, Jordan Jeffry, born 4 October 1943 at Washington, D.C., he studied law at UCLA and pursued post-graduate studies at Yale University. He was admitted to the bar in 1969. He served at the U.S. Court of Appeals, the U.S. Supreme Court, and the International Court of Justice, before he was appointed a professor at the College of Law in the University of Houston in 1975, a post which he still held in 2000. NatFacDr, 1995-2000; WhoAmL,1996/97 Pautard, Andre, born in 1937 or 1938, he was a sometime correspondent to Ie Monde for Algeria. His writings include Mohammad, I'Algerien, mon ami (1962), Valery Giscard d'Estaing (1974), and Bourguiba (1977). Pauthier, Jean Pierre Guillaume or Gustav, born 4 October 1801 at Mamirolle (Doubs), he started life in the military but resigned after two years and a half to enter private life and study Oriental languages. He was primarily an East Asian scholar. He died in Paris, 11 March 1873. Dantes 1; DcBiPP; Egyptology;

Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (2)

Pauty, Edmond, fl. 1931. His writings include Les palais et les maisons o'epooue musulmane au Caire (1932), and Le site de Chella a travers les ages (Rabat, 1944). NUC, pre-1956 Pauvert, Jean Claude, born 21 February 1923, he was an Ethiopia, Central and West Africa expert, and a director of related research institutes in France from 1945 to 1954. Since 1971 he was a senior project specialist with Unesco, Paris. His writings include L'ancienne colonisation kabre et ses possibilites d'expansion dans I'Est-Mono (1955), L'etude des migrations au Togo (1956), and Senior educational personnel; new functions and training (1988). Unesco; WhoUN,1975 Pavet de Courteille, Abel Jean Baptiste Marie Michel, born in 1821, he was educated at the Lycee de Versailles and later studied Oriental languages, particularly Turkish. He was a professor of Turkish at the College de France and, in 1873, he was elected member of the Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. His writings include Dictionnaire turk-oriental (1870), Etat present de I'Empire ottoman (1876) as well as translations from Farid ai-Din 'Attar, Kernalpasazade, and al-Mas'udi. He died in 1889. Bitard; Bitard"; Glaeser; Meydan; Meyers; RNL Pavlc. Radovan, fl. 1975, he was a lecturer at the Faculty of Political Science in Zagreb University. His writings include Ekonomska geografija Jugos/avije (1964), and Osnove opce i regionalne politicke geografije, geopolitike i geostrategije (1973). NUC, 1973-1977 Pavicevlc, Branka, born in 1922 at Niksic, Yugoslavia, he received a doctorate in history. His writings include L/pHa Fope y pamy 1862 (1963), and Rusija i aneksione Kriza 1908-1909 (1984). WhoSocC 78;

WhoSoCE 89

Pavie, Theodore Marie, born 16 August 1811 at Angers, he was a Sinologist and in 1857 appointed a professor of Sanskrit language and literature at the College de France. His writings include Chrestomathie hindoustani (1847), Scenes et recits des pays d'outre-mer (1853), and La legende de Padmanf (1856). He died in 1896. ACAB; Embacher; EncicUni; Hoefer; Meydan; Vapereau Pavillier, Georges, born 24 April 1853 at Vadenay (Marne), he was a chief engineer of the Department des Bouches-du-Rhone until 1893, when he was appointed director-general of public works in the Regence de Tunis. He died in Marseille, 6 December 1916. Revue tunisienne 24 (mai 1917), pp. 205-14 Pavlides, Stelios, born 26 September 1892, he was called to the bar from Gray's Inn in 1916, and was attorney-general of Cyprus from 1944 to 1952. He died in 1968. Who, 1955-19741 Pavlovich, Mikhail Pavlovich, pseud., 1871-1927 see Vel'tman, Mikhail Lazarevich

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Pavlutskaia, Eteri Vladimirovna, born 31 July 1936 at Gorky (Nizhni Novgorod), she graduated in 1958 from Moscow State University. After two years at the Museum M. I. Kalinina, she became a research fellow at the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1961. Her writings in-clude Ileyneoust« B MapoKKo (1981), and Pa601luii «necc u pa601lee OBU)/(eHUe B He3aBUCUMOM MapoKKo (1987). Miliband 2 Pavon Maldonado, Basilio, born in 1931 or 1932 at Toledo, he received a doctorate and became a professor at the Departamento de Estudios arabes de Madrid. His writings include Memoria de la excavaci6n de la mezquita de Medinat al-Zahra (1961), Estudios sobre la Alhambra (1977), Ocana, una villa medieval (1977), Tudela, ciudad medieval (1978), Alcala de henares medieval (1982), Guadalajara medieval (1984), Tratado de arquitectura hispanomusulmana (1990), Ciudades hispanomusulmanas (1992), Ciudades y fortalezas lusomusulmanas (1993), and Arquitectura istsmics y mudejer en Huelva y su provincia (1996). EURAMES,1993; LC

Pavy, Auguste, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1884 from the Faculte de droit de Douai with a thesis entitled Des testaments inofficieux. His writings include Histoire de la Tunisie (1894), and Expedi-tion de Mores (1897). BN Pavy, Louis Antoine Auguste, born 28 March 1805 at Roanne (Loire), he was a vicar in France until 1846, when he was appointed bishop of Alger. During his twenty years of service, he re-organized his diocese and modernized the Grand Serninaire at Kouba, five miles from Alger, but his missionary zeal was curbed by political considerations and the necessity not to do anything which might jeopardize the French colonizing endeavours. His writings include Affranchissement des esclaves (1875). He died in Alger on 16 November 1866. Faucon, pp. 439-441; Hoefer; Index BFr2 (2); Vapereau

Pawlowski, Stanislaw, 1882-1939, he was a professor of geography and president of Uniwersytet Poznanski. His writings include Geografia polski (1917). PSB

Pax, Wolfgang, born 22 April 1912 at Breslau, Germany, he studied comparative linguistics and archaeology at Berlin, Roma and Breslau where he received a Dr.phil. in 1937 with a thesis entitled Sprachvergleichende Untersuchungen zur Etymologie des Wortes AMC1>/MO/\OI. Thesis

Paxton, Evelyn H., born in 1906, he was an Oxford graduate in Oriental studies (Arabic with Persian), and began his career in Egypt as a secondary school English teacher, later becoming a university lecturer in English in Cairo. During this period of his life he translated the first of three volumes of Taha Husayn's al-Ayyam, An Egyptian childhood (1932). Joining the BBC in 1939, he became the first regular programme organizer of the new Arabic Service. From 1952 he was assistant head of Eastern Services, but in 1964 he returned to the Arabic Service, where he remained until his retirement in 1967. After retirement he became an increasingly active member of the Royal Society for Asian Affairs and was chairman of the editorial board for their journal, Asian affairs. He died on 4 January 1977. BRISMES bulletin 4 (1977), p. 65

Payan d'Augery, Charles, fl. 1876. His writings include Souffrances de I'agriculture (1866), and Les prud'hommes pecheurs de Marseille et leurs archives (1873). BN Payaslloglu, Arif Turgut, fl. 1966, he was successively a professor of political science at Ankara Oniversitesi, and dean of ldart lIimler FakOltesi, Orta Dogu Teknik Oniversitesi, Ankara. His writings include Siyasi partiler (1952). LC

Paydarfar, Ali Akbar, born 26 June 1928 at Tehran, he was a graduate of Tehran University and received a Ph.D. in 1962 from the University of Kentucky with a thesis entitled Modernization and demographic characteristics of Iranian provinces and selected nations. Since 1970, he was a member of the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His writings include Demographic consequences of modernization; a population analysis of Iran (1967), Modern and traditional Iran (1971), The Population and family planning program in Iran (1972), and Social change in a southern province of Iran (1974). AmM&WS 1973 S

Paye, Lucien, born 28 April 1907 at Vernoil-Ie-Fourrier, or Longue, (Maine-et-Loire), he was a graduate of l'I~cole normale superieure in 1930. In 1934, he started teaching at the Lycee de Fes and concurrently studied Arabic. In 1936, he became censeur des etudes at the College Moulay Youssef, Rabat, and, in 1938, head of the Service de I'enseignement musulman at the Direction generale de I'lnstruction publique. After the war, he held positions in the French educational system in Algeria, Tunisia, and French West Africa. From 1962 to 1969 he held ambassadorial positions. He received doctorates in 1956 for theses on Muslim education in Morocco and Tunisia respectively. He died 24 April 1972. Hommesetdestins, v. 2, pp. 573-584; WhoFr.1959/60-1971/72

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Payen, Edouard, born 20 August 1869, he was educated at the Lycee Saint-Louis, Paris, and studied at l'Ecole de droit and l'Ecole des science politiques, where he received diplomas. From 1893 to 1938 he was an editor of the Journal des debats, but also contributed to the Economiste frangais. In 1909, he stood for municipal elections in his home town and served as its mayor until 1945. In 1919, he was elected depute for Loir-et-Cher. As a specialist for economic questions, he held the position of editorin-chief of the Journal des economistes from 1928 to 1939. He was a member of I'lnstitut de France. His writings include La reglementation du travail (1913), Belgique et Congo (1917), and La production des colonies (1927). DBFC, 1954/55; Qui etes-voue, 1924 Payn, Romain Fernand, born 1 October 1862. After passing through the military college of St-Cyr, which he had entered in 1883, he received a commission as sous-lieutenant on 1 October 1886, and was posted to Africa in 1891. From 1904 to 1906 he was stationed in the Chad; in 1910 he replaced Laperrine as commander of the Territoires des oasis. He retired from military service with the rank of colonel sometime after 1913. Peyronnet, p. 607 Payne, John, born 23 August 1842 at London, he studied for the bar and was a solicitor since 1867. His writings include The book of the Thousand nights and one night; now completely done into English prose and verse, from the original Arabic (1914). He died in 1916. BiD&5B; Bioln, 3,14; Master (5); NewC Payne, John R. In 1977 and 1979, he conducted investigations into the syntactic typology of the nonSlavic languages of the USSR at Dushanbe, and in 1980, he was affiliated with the Department of Linguistics, University of Birmingham. His writings include W H. Hudson; a bibliography (1977), and he published two exhibition catalogues for the Humanities Center, University of Texas at Austin. LC Payre, Gabriel, born 8 April 1911 at Saint-Etienne (Loire), he received diplomas from the Ecole libre des sciences politiques and the Centre des hautes etudes musulmanes, Paris. He served as a government official in Morocco from 1935 to 1938, and at the Residence generale de France in Tunis from 1938 to 1955. Thereafter he held political, administrative, and consular positions. WhoFr, 1971/721975/761

Paysant, L., fl. 1917, he was affiliated with the Comite regional d'Algerie of the Ligue coloniale francaise in 1908. BN; NUC, pre-1956 de Paz, Abdon, born 1 July 1840 at Polan (Toledo), he studied law and became a public official, and lastly a magistrate in the Audienca at Las Palmas, Canary Islands, where he died 2 December 1899. His writings include La estrella de Meruan; leyenda erebe (1867), and La Espana de la edad media (1898). EncicUni Pazarkaya, YOksel, born in 1940 at Izmir, Turkey, he studied chemistry, German language and literature as well as linguistics in Germany. In 1959, he started working for Turkish and German news media. His writings include Aydlnllk kanayan gk;ek (1974), Rosen im Frost (1982), Der Babylonbonus; Gedichte (1984), and he was joint editor of Moderne tlirkische Lyrik (1971). LC Pchelina, Evgeniia Georgievna, born in 1895, she was a pioneer of archaeological research at Karatepe, Uzbekistan. She was joint author of Kapa-mene - 6yOOUiJCKUiJ new,epHbliJ MOHacmblp B CmapoM Tepuese (1964). She died 25 November 1973. LC Peacock, Andrew Sharp. born 13 February 1939 at Melbourne, he was an M.P. and repeatedly served BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; IntWW, 1974-2000; Master (2); IntYB, 1978-1998; Who, 1982-1999; as a minister.

WhoAus, 1974-1999

Peacock, James Lowe, born 31 October 1937 at Montgomery, Ala, he was a graduate of Duke University and received a Ph.D. degree in 1965 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Javanese folkdrama and social change. Afterwards he became a professor of anthropology at various American universities. His writings include Muslim puritans (1978), Purifying the faith; the Muhammadijah movement in Indonesian Islam (1978), and he was joint editor of Diversities of gifts (1988). AM&W5, 19735,1978 P; ConAu, 113; Master (3); 5havit - Asia; WhoAm, 1978/79-1984; Who55W, 1984

Peake, Frederick Gerard, born in 1886, he passed through the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and served in India, Egypt, and Sudan. In 1922 he raised the Arab Legion in Trans-Jordan. His writings include The chief tribes and clans of Trans-Jordan (1938), and A history of Jordan and its tribes (1958). C. S. Jarvis wrote Arab Command; the biography of lieut.-col .. F. G. Peake Pasha (1946). He died in Kelso, Scotland, 30 March 1970. Asian affairs 57 (1970), p. 184; Bioln 8; DNB; ObitOF,79; ObitT,1961-

70; Who was who, 6

Pearl, David Stephen, born 11 August 1944 at Southport, England, he was a graduate of the University of Birmingham, received a Ph.D. from Cambridge, and was called to the bar from Gray's Inn in 1968. He was a fellow and a director of studies in law at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, and, since 1994, a Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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circuit judge. His writings include A textbook on Muslim law (1979), and Interpersonal conflict of laws in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (1981), a work which he originally submitted as his thesis at Cambridge in 1971. ConAu, 133; Who, 1994-2000 Pearl, Raymond, born 3 June 1879 at Farmington, N.H., he was since 1923 a professor of biology at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. His writings include The biology of population growth (1930), and Constitution and health (1933). He died 17 November 1940. AmAu&B; CurBio, 1941; DAB; Master (3); ObitOF, 1979; WhAm, 1; WhNAA; Who was who, 4

Pearn, Norman. He was a casual traveller who made a camel journey from Touggourt in north-eastern Algeria to Kano in northern Nigeria in 1933. Pears, Edwin, born in 1835 at York, he was a barrister-at-Iaw and, in 1873, went to Constantinople, where he became president of the European or consular bar in 1881. His writings include The fall of Constantinople, being the story of the fourth crusade (1885), Turkey and its people (1911), Forty years in Constantinople, recollections, 1873-1915 (1916), and The life of Abdul Hamid (1917). He died in Malta from an accident at sea in 1919. DNB; Who was who, 2 Pearsall, H. D., fl. 1895, he was the author of the booklet, The principle of the hydraulic ram applied to large machinery for raising or forcing water, compressing or exhausting air, or motive power (London, 1886). BLC Pearse, Arno Smith, born Arno S. Schmidt on 11 May 1872 at Dessau, Germany, he was a general secretary of the International Federation of Master Cotton Spinners' and Manufacturers' Associations, Manchester. In the service of the Association, he made three journeys to India. In 1931, he was resident in Cairo, and chief of the Cotton Sales' Department of the Cotton Export Company "Misr" (exLindemann), Alexandria, and adviser to the Committee of the International Federation of Master Cotton Spinners and Manufacturers' Associations, Manchester. His writings include Die Baumwollkultur in Agypten (1912), Die Baumwollkultur in Indien (1912), Cotton growing in Egypt (1912), Cotton growing in India (1912), Cotton growing in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1913), and Indian cotton (1915). Britlnd (1); NUC, pre-1956

Pearson, Anthony, born in 1941 at Maple, Cheshire, he was a journalist and reporter. His writings include Conspiracy of silence (1978). Au&Wr, 1971; LC Pearson, Hilda, born 1 November 1916 in Britain, she was the unacknowledged assistant to her husband's Index Islamicus, of which she typed each and every card for the camera-ready copy until the 1980 issue, and she was an indexer and bibliographer in her own right. She was a member of the Society of Indexers. Her writings include Index of proper names to volumes 1-5 of the second edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam (1989). Private Pearson, James (Jim) Douglas, born 17 December 1911 at Linton near Cambridge. After he left school with undistinguished marks at the age of sixteen, he started his long affiliation with Cambridge Unversity Library as a library worker. A scholarship enabled him to pursue Oriental languages at Pembroke Col-lege, Cambridge, from 1932 to 1936. He was for many years librarian of SOAS, and from 1972 until his retirement in 1980 he was the first holder of the chair of bibliography with reference to Asia and Africa in the University of London. On his retirement he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Middle East studies and libraries. He was the founder of Index Islamicus, of which he compiled the first six volumes. He was a founding member of the Middle East Libraries Committee as well as its international counterpart. His writings include Oriental and Asian bibliography (1966), and A bibliography of pre-Islamic Persia (1975). He died in Cambridge, 1 August 1997. BRISMES newsletter 12 i (1997), p. 4; MESA bulletin 31 ii (1997), pp. 206-207; Private

Pearson, Michael Naylor, born 30 May 1941 at Morrinsville, New Zealand, he was a sometime professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania. His writings include Merchants and rulers in Gujarat (1976), and The Portuguese in India (1987). ConAu, 118; LC; Master (1) Pearson, Robert Paul, born 20 August 1938 at Newark, N.J., he was a graduate of Brown University and received a Ph.D. in 1973 from the University of Massachusetts with a thesis entitled Through Middle Eastern eyes; the development of curriculum materials on the Middle East. He was a U.S. Peace Corps worker in Afghanistan and Libya, and, since 1973, a professor of education at Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. He edited Through Middle Eastern eyes (1975). ConAu, 65-68; Selim Pearson, Sidney Vere, born in 1875, he was a graduate of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and a physician in England. His writings include The growth and distribution of population (1935). He died 18 March 1950. WhE&EA; Who was who, 4 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Pearson, Thomas, born 24 June 1893 at Asheville, N.C., he was a graduate of Princeton University in 1915, and subsequently served as captain in the world war and trade editor of the New York evening post from 1920 to 1921. He was a member of the American Commission invited by the Persian Government to reorganize and administer the finances of Persia and direct the civil service administration of the Ministry of Finance from 1922 to 1927. He later held public office as economist. He died 16 April 1963. NatCAB, vol. 50, pp. 675-676; Shavit; WhAm, 4 Pease, Sir Alfred Edwrad, born 29 June 1857, he was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, and a Liberal member of Parliament. From 1903 to 1905, he was Resident Magistrate, Transvaal. His writings include Biskra and the oases and desert of the Zibans (1893), Hunting reminiscences (1898), and The book of the lion (1913). He died 24 July 1939. Bioln,2; Who was who, 3 Pease, Murray, born 20 September 1903 at Albany, N.Y., he was a conservator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, N.Y.C., from 1949 to his death on 12 August 1964. He served as curator of the Museum's technical laboratory and was an authority on the conservation of art. NYT 14 August 1964, p. 27,

col. 5; WhAm, 4

Pech, Edgar, fl. 1925. His writings include Manuel des societes anonymes fonctionnant en Turquie (1902), and Les Allies et la Turquie (1925). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Pechedimald]l Pacha, Dicran (Tigran S. Pechtimaljean), fl. 1891, he received a medical doctorate in 1867 from the Uruverslte de Paris with a thesis entitled Des nevralgies congestives. He was joint author of Hygiene et education de la premiere enfance (Constantinople, 1880-1886). Pechel, Rudolf, born 30 October 1882 at GOstrow, Germany, he studied German literature, philosophy and history of art at Gottingen and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1908. In 1910, he joined the staff of the Deutsche Rundschau, where he was an editor from 1919 to 1948. He spent the years from 1942 to 1945 in a concentration camp. He died in Zweisimmen, Switzerland, 28 December 1961. DtBE; DtBilnd; Wer ist's, 1928-1935; Wer ist wer, 1948-1958

Pechmeja, Ange, fl. 1859-1883, he was a miscellanous writer and contributed to the Bulletin de la Societe des etudes litteraires, scientifiques et artistiques du Lot, Cahors. He was editor of Le republica in du Lot (Cahors, 1873-1883). BN Pechoux, Pierre Yves, fl. 1976, he was joint author of Les paysans de la rive orientale du bas Nestos, Thrace grecque (1969), and La site d'Amathonte de Cypre et son voisinage (1969). LC Peck, Malcolm Cameron, he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy for Saudi Arabia in United States foreign policy to 1958. He was a director of programs and secretary for the Middle East Institute, Washington, D.C., and served as Arabian Peninsula affairs analyst at the U.S. Department of State, before accepting the position of program officer at the Visitor Program Service of Meridian House, Washington, D.C. His writings include The United Arab Emirates (1986). Pecora, Aldo, fl. 1953. His writings include Sicilia (1966), and Ambiente geografico e societe umane (1977). LC Pedder, W. G., fl. 1877. His writings include the booklet, Note on the indebtness of the Indian agricultural classes (London, 1878). NUC, pre-1956 Pederin, Ivan, born in 1934, he was resident in Zadar, Yugoslavia, in 1973. His writings include Zacinjavci, stloci i pregaoci (Zagreb, 1977), and Jadranska Hrvatska u povijesti staroga europskog bankarstva (Split, 1996). LC Pedersen, Brigitte Rahbek, 1944- see Rahbek Pedersen, Brigitte Pedersen, Holger, born 7 April 1867 at Gelball, Denmark, he studied linguistics at Kebenhavns Universitet where he gained his doctorate in 1890. From 1892 to 1896 he travelled in Germany, Italy, Greece and Russia. During these years he studied Albanian at Corfu and Epirus, and Indo-European languages at Leipzig and Berlin. From 1901 to his retirement in 1937 he was a lecturer in comparative grammar and Slavic languages. His writings include Zur albanesischen Volkskunde (1898). He died in Hellerup, 25 October 1953. DanskBL; DanskBL2; Orbis 1954), pp. 343-346, reprinted in PorLing, v. 2, pp.283-287 Pedersen, Johannes Peder Ejler, born 7 November 1883, he was a graduate of Sor0 Akademi and then studied theology and Semitic languages at Kebenhavns Universitet, to which Marburg, Leipzig, Leiden, and Budapest was added between 1909 and 1912. He was a tutor at his alma mater from 1916 to 1922, when he was appointed professor of Semitic linguistics. On his seventieth birthday he was honoured by a jubilee volume, Studia orientalia loanni Pedersen ... dicata (1953). His writings include his thesis, Den Semitiske ed (1912), its translation, Der Eid bei den Semiten (1914), Is/ams

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93 kultur (1928), Den Arabiske bog (1946), and its translation, The Arabic book (1984). He died 22 December 1977. Acta Orientalia, K21benhavn,42 (1981), pp. 5-9; DanskBl; Master (3)

Pedreschi, Luigi, fl. 1956, his writings include" Lago di Massacincco/i e iI suo territorio (1956), Appunti di geografia region ale (1967), and" rapporto uomo-natura (1985). lC Pedretti, Andrea, born 27 April 1847 at Parma, Italy, he graduated in 1866 from a military college and served as an officer in the Italian Infantery until his retirement in 1896. Thereafter he privately explored Cyrenaica, evading the Turkish authorities. He wrote Una escursione in Cirenaica 1901 (1913). He died in Roma, 9 September 1903. VIA Pedro, Albano Mendes, fl. 1960s, he edited Anueno cat6/ico do ultramar portugues (Lisboa, 1962). Peel, Ronald Francis Edward Waite, born 22 August 1912 in Yorkshire, he studied geography and anthropology at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, and proceeded, in 1935, to a lectureship at King's College, Newcastle. Three years later he accompanied an expedition in the Libyan Desert as a surveyor. In the early post-war years he was able to participate in major expeditions to the Ruwenzori Mountains and the Sahara. He was a professor of geography at Leeds from 1951 to 1957, when he transferred to Bristol, where he remained until his retirement in 1977. He died 21 September 1985. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu, 117; Geographical journal 152 (1986), pp. 144-145; Who was who, 8

Peel, Sidney Cornwallis, born 3 June 1870, he was an Oxford graduate, a barrister, and a member of the British delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. His writings include The binding of the Nile and the new Soudan (1904). He died 19 December 1938. Who was who, 3 Peet, William Wheelock, born 14 February 1851 at Fall River, Mass, he was a graduate of Grinnel College and the University of Vermont. In 1881 he gave up an important position in the Santa Fe Railroad at Omaha, Nebr., to follow a call from the East as treasurer and business manager of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He wrote an autobiography, No less honor (1939). He died in Ames, Iowa, 9 September 1942. Missionary herald 121 (August 1925), pp. 376-378; Shavit; Who was who, 4

Peeters, Paul, born 20 September 1870 at Tournai, Belgium. After an education in classical humanities, he entered the Compagnie de Jesus in 1887. He studied theology, Hebrew and Church history, and was ordained in 1901. An illness requiring convalescence brought him to Beyrouth, where he studied Arabic at the Universite Saint-Joseph. Since 1905 he was a joint editor of the Analecta Bollandiana, and in 1910 he edited the Bib/iotheca hagiographica orienta/is for the Societe des Bollandistes. His other writings include Figures bollandiennes contemporains (1948), Orient et Bysance (1950), and Recherches d'histoire et de philologie orientales (1951). He died in Bruxelles, 18 August 1950. BioNBelg, vol. 40, cols. 681-704 Peets, Leonora, born in 1899 in Estland, she was married to a physician, with whom she moved to Marrakesh in 1929, where he practised until the early 1970s. She published in Estonian since the 1930s. Her Moroko taeva all was published in an English translation, Women of Marrakech; record of a secret sharer, 1930-1970 (1988). lC von Peez, Alexander, born 19 January 1829 at Wiesbaden, Germany, he studied law at Heidel-berg, Gottingen, Munchen, and Prag, where he received a doctorate from Karls Universitat. Since 1857 he was an industrialist in Austria. He advocated Austrian-German economic union and also better relations with the Orient and the Levant. In 1910 he received an honorary doctorate at Berlin. His writings include Die gelbe Gefahr in der Geschichte Europas (1908), England und der Kontinent (19151917), and Englands Rolle im Nahen Orient (1917). He died in Weidling, Austria, 12 January 1912. Kosch; KDtlK, 1907, 1908; Kosch;

oai

von Peez, Carl, born in 1858, he was a consul-qeneral in 1915. His writings include Friesach geschichtlich und topographisch beschrieben (Klagenfurt, 1881), Mostar und sein Culturkreis (Leipzig, 1891), and he was joint author of Geschichte des Maria- Theresienthalers (Wien, 1898). He died after 1916. NUC, pre-1956 Peffer, Nathaniel, born 30 June 1890 at N.Y.C. Shortly after his graduation from the University of Chicago in 1911, he became Far Eastern correspondent for the New York Tribune; thus he began a lifelong career as an observer and analyst of Far Eastern problems. During his twenty-five years of residence in China, he returned to the States on a number of occasions to lecture on the Far East, particularly at Columbia University, where he became a professor of international relations in 1943, a post which he held until his retirement in 1958. In 1924 he spent a year studying conditions in Turkey. His writings include The white man's dilemma (1927), and Must we fight in Asia (1935). He died in

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White Plains, N.Y., 12 April 1964.

CnDiAmJBi; Master (2); NYT 14 April 1964, p. 37, cols. 3-4; Political science

quarterly 79 (1964), pp. 480a-f; Shavit - Asia; WhAm, 4

Pegurier, Jacques, born 20th cent., he received his first doctorate in 1975 from the Universite de Paris V with a thesis entitled Integration urbaine dans les villes petites et moyennnes du Tensift (sud-ouest maro-cain) , and his second one in 1978 from the Universite de Paris VII with a thesis entitled La vie relation-nelle de la femme egyptienne en milieu rural. His writings include Espaces urbaines en formation dans Ie Tensift (Rabat, 1981). THESAM, 1,3 Peguy, Charles Pierre, born 4 February 1915 at Bourg-la-Reine (Seine), he was a professor of geography at the Universite de Rennes from 1947 to 1963, and a directeur at the CNRS from 1964 to 1979. His writings include Precis de climatologie (1961), and Eaux et climats (1981). WhoFr, 1967/682000

Pehrson, Robert Niel, born in 1926 at Manitowoc, Wisc., he was a 1948 graduate of the University of Chicago. He carried on amateurish anthropological research field-work among the Lapps before he received a King Gustaf V Fellowship from the American-Scandinavian Foundation and, in 1951-52, a fellowship from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. After returning from Lapland and from studies at the University of Stockholm, he took a master's degree at Chicago, where he taught in 1953 and 1954. His work for the doctorate was practically completed, when he obtained support from the Ford Foundation for a three-year program of study among the nomadic Marri tribe in Baluchistan. He and his wife Jean, who was trained as a philosopher, arrived in Karachi in November 1954. By Christmas they had established themselves in a large sedentary village in the Marri area, where they spent three months learning the language. Subsequently they spent more than five months living and moving with Marri nomadic camps, in one of which Robert died after a short illness on 8 September 1955. Fredrik Barth compiled and analyzed from Pehrson's notes, The social organization of the Marri Baluch (1966). American anthropologist 58 (1956), pp. 357-359

Peill, Bernhard, born about 1900, he attended the German secondary school in Constantinople until 1918. In the 1920s he was fire fighting instructor in Turkey. Note Peillon, Pierre, fl. 1972, he received a doctorate in 1972 from the Universite de Lyon II with a thesis entitled L'occupation humaine en Basse-Kabylie; peuplement et habitat. He was a sometime professor at the Institut d'urbanisme d'Alger, and joint author of Recherches sur I'Algerie (1978). THESAM, 2, 3 Pein, Louis Auguste Theodore, born 30 June 1867 at IIle (Pyrenees orientales). After passing through the military college of St-Cyr, which he had entered in 1887, he received a commission as souslieutenant. With the rank of lieutenant, he entered the Bureau des Affaires indigenes d'Alqerie on 5 April 1893 and was stationed first at Touggourt and, later, at Bou-Saada, Delfa, Fort Miribel, Medea and Ouargla, where he remained from 1898 to 1903, when he was transferred to Paris. During his term in Africa, he saw action from the outskirts of Ghadames (1898) to Touareg country, where he accompanied the Mission Fourneau-Lamy. In 1908 he experimented briefly with the use of motorcycles in the Sahara. During the two years before the first World War he was again in North Africa until recalled to the European theatre of war, where he died in action in Carency, 9 May 1915. Peyronnet, p. 667 Peiser, Felix Ernst, born 17 July 1862 at Berlin, he studied classical philology, history and Semitic languages, and received a doctorate in 1886 from the Universitat Leipzig with a thesis entitled Die assyrische Verbtafel. From 1894 to his retirement he was professor of Assyriology at the Universitat Konigsberg, and from 1898 to 1908, an editor of the Orientalistische Literaturzeitung. His writings include Studien zurorientalischen Altertumskunde (1897-1901). He died in Konigsberg, 24 April 1921. DtBE; DtBilnd (2); JOdLex; Schwarz; Wininger

Peisikov, Lazar' Samoilovich, born in 1915 at Kokand, he received a doctorate in 1963 with a thesis entitled Bonpocu cunmescuce neocuacxoeo fl3blKa. In 1966, he was appointed a professor. His writings include Ilekcusonoeun coepeuennoeo nepcuocxoeo fl3blKa (1975). He died 11 November 1978. Miliband; Miliband2 Peisker, Johann (Jan), born 25 May 1851 at Woporan (Oparany), Bohemia, he pursued Slavic studies and history at Karls Universitat, Prag, from 1870 to 1874, and subsequently was a librarian at the Prag Klementinum until 1891. He received doctorates at Graz in 1892 and 1901. He was a lecturer in social and economic history at Graz until 1918, and from 1919 until his retirement in 1921 at Praha. His writings include Forschungen zur Socia/- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Slawen (1896-1900). He died in Graz, 29 May 1933. DtBE; MalaCEnc; OBL; PSN Peixoto da Fonseca, Fernando Venancio see Fonseca, Fernando Venancio Peixoto da Pejovle, Veselin, fl. 1976, he was affiliated with the Yugoslav Federal Secretariat of Foreign Affairs.

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Pekar, Gyula, born 8 November 1867 at Debreczen, Hungary, he received a doctorate in law, and became a politician and miscellaneous writer whose works include Delen es ejszakon (1898), Bizenc kulturaja (1907), and Attila; tortenet; (1935). He was editor-in-chief of Haborus felelosseg =die Kriegsschuld Ie Responsabilite (1928-1931). He died in 1937. Magyar; NUC, pre-1956; RNL; UjLex

=

Pekarskii, Eduard Karlovich, born 13 October 1858 in the Minsk area. His political activities during his secondary and academic education were little condusive to his career. In 1881 a military court martial condemned him to hard labour, but the sentence was commuted to exile in Yakutia. The very day of his arrival marked the beginning of a Yakut dictionary project which he later published together with D. D. Popov and V. M. lonov entitled cnoeeps RKymcKaao R3b/Ka; its Turkish version, Yakut dili sozolugO, was published in 1945. He had been fortunate that his academic work in Yakutsk soon came to the attention of members of the Russian Geographical Society, who supported him throughout his twentyfour year exile among the Yakuts. After his release in 1905, he was able to publish the first fascicule of his work within two years at St. Petersburg. His other writings include Etudes sur la vie des Toungouses habitant pres du port Ayan (1913). He died in Leningrad, 29 June 1934. BiDSovU; BiobibSOT, pp. 233-234; GSE; KazakSE; KyrgyzSE; Miliband; Miliband2 ; N. Poppe in: Ungarische JahrbOcher 7 (1927), pp. 338-340

Peker, Receb, born in 1888, he was an early associate of Kemal AtatOrk. He was a member of the army's general staff in 1920, and became secretary general in the Grand National Assembly of 1923. He repeatedly served as a minister, and, from 1946 to 1947, was prime minister of Turkey. His writings include inkilab (1935), and Ink/lap dersleri notlan (1936). He died 2 April 1950. CurBio, 1947, 1950; NYT 3 April 1950, p. 23, col. 3

Pekotsch, Leopold, born 19th cent., he was a legal interpreter for Turkish, and, in 1909, director of the k.k. Konsular-Akademie, Wien, and, in 1916, director of the K.K. Offentliche Lehranstalt fur Orientalische Sprachen, Wien. His writings include Praktisches Obungsbuch zur grOndlichen Erlernung der osmanisch-tOrkischen Sprache (1894), Erinnerungen; tOrkische Geschichten und Begebenheiten (1911), and Einige tOrkisch-osmanische SinnsprOche und Gedichte (1916). Werist's, 1909 Pelagaud, Elysee, born 1848, he was in 1881 affiliated with the Societe d'agriculture, histoire naturelle et arts utiles de Lyon. His writings include La prehistoire en Algerie (1879), and La mer saharienne (1881). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Pelcovits, Nathan Albert, born 4 March 1912 in Lithuania, he graduated from the College of the City of New York with the class of 1933 and received a Ph.D. in 1946 from Columbia with a thesis entitled Old Chinese hands and the Foreign Office. In the same year he entered the U.S. government service. Certainly from 1982 to 1985, he was a lecturer at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. His writings include Security guarantees in a Middle East settlement (1976), and Peacekeeping on Arab-Israeli fronts (1984). NatFacDr, 1982-85; Who's who in government, 1972/73

Peled, Matityahu, born 20 July 1923 at Haifa, he was a member of Jewish militias prior to the establishment of Israel, and the first governor of the Gaza Strip following its occupation by Israel in 1956. He left the Israel Defense Force in 1969 to pursue an academic career in Arabic literature and received a Ph.D. in 1971 from U.C.L.A. with a thesis entitled Religion, my own; a study of the literary works of Najib Mahfuz. He served as chairman of the Arabic Department in Tel Aviv University from 1974 to 1978. As one of the earliest advocates of a land-for-peace agreement with the Palestinians, he met the PLO chairman Yasir Arafat in Paris in 1976. A second meeting took place in 1983, the year before his election to the Knesset as a member of the Progressive Party for Peace. He died of cancer at his home near Jerusalem, 10 March 1995. Bioln,13; Selim; Wholsrael, 1990/91; WhoWorJ, 1965,1972,1978 Pelenski, Jaroslaw, born 12 April 1929 at Warszawa, he received a Dr.phil. in 1957 from the Universitat MOnchen with a thesis entitled Der ukrainische Nationalgedanke im Lichte der Werke M. Hrusevskys und V. Lipinskys, and a Ph.D. in 1968 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Muscovite imperial claims to the Kazan Khanate. He was appointed a professor of history at Iowa University in 1971, a position which he still held in 1995. His writings include Russia and Kazan; conquest and imperial policy (1974). ConAu, 111, 153; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995 Pelet, Jean Jacques Germain, baron, born 15 July 1777 at Toulouse, he was educated at the Royal College of Toulouse. During the Terror, when the College was closed, he travelled to Nice, where he had an opportunity to observe the Armee d'italie in cantonments. Upon his return home, he enrolled at the Academle de Toulouse to study military architecture, history, and science. In 1800 he volunteered for the army. Under Napoleon he rose to the rank of general. Late in the evening of 20 December 1858, he was stricken; he died almost immediately with the unfinished pages of his "grand travail' strewn across his desk. DcBiPP; GdeEnc; GDU; Journa/ of military history 53 (1989), pp. 1-22

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96 Pelel, Paul, born in 1819, he was a professor of geography whose writings include Atlas des colonies His trace is lost after his last publication in 1905. IndexBFr2

ttenceises, oresse par ordre du minlsiere des Colonies (1905).

Pelissie du Rausas, Jean Louis Gerard, he received a doctorate in 1886 from the Faculte de droit de Toulouse with a thesis entitled Des liberalites indirectes entre epoux, en droit romain et en droit irenceis. From 1916 to 1928 he was resident in Cairo, a director of l'Ecole francalse de droit and a member of the Societe sultanieh d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation. His writings include Le regime des capitulations dans I'Empire ottoman (1902-1905). IndexBFr2 ; NUC, pre-1956 Pelissier, Aimable Jean Jacques, born 6 November 1894 at Maromme (Seine-inferieure), After passing through the military college of St-Cyr, he reveived a commission as officer in 1815. He spent two terms in Algeria, 1830-1831 and 1839-1853. As hero of Sevastopol, he was made Marechal de France and Duc de Malakoff; and grand chancelier de la Legion d'honneur. In 1860, he was appointed governor-general of Algeria, where he died in office, 22 May 1864. His writings include Memoire sur les operations de l'ermee trenceise sur la cote d'Afrique depuis Ie 14 juin iusau'e la prise d'Alger Ie 5 juillet 1830 (1863). EncAm; Peyronnet, pp. 187-191 Pelissier, Rene, born 20th cent., he was a specialist on contemporary Portuguese and Spanishspeaking Africa. His writings include Africana; bibliographies sur I'Afrique luso-hispanophone, 18001980 (1980), Naissance du Mozambique (1984), its translation, Hist6ria de Mogambique (1988), Naissance de la Guine (1989), and Du Sahra a Timor; 700 livres analyses (1980-1990) sur I'Afrique et I'insulinde ex-iberiques (1991). LC Pelissier de Reynaud, Jules Henri Francois Edmond, born 1 January 1798 at Tournon (Ardeche), he entered the Gardes d'honneur in 1813; two years later, he rose to the rank of sous-lieutenant, and was awarded the croix de la Legion d'honneur. He took part in the conquest of Algeria from its beginning and stayed there until 1841, at first as headquarters officer, and later as head of the Bureau des Affaires arabes. Since its founding in 1839, he was a member of the Commission scientific. In 1841 began his career as a diplomat, successively in Modagor, Sousse, and Tripoli en Barbarie. His writings include Annales etqeriennes (1836-1839), Memoires historiques et geographiques sur 1'Algerie (1844), Quelques mots sur la colonisation militaire en Algerie (1847), Description de la Regence de Tunis (1853). He died after a long illness in Paris, 16 May 1858. Index Islamicus (3); Peyronnet, pp. 46-48 Pellal, Charles Lucien Paul, born 28 September 1914 at Souk-Ahras, Algeria, he was educated at the universities of Bordeaux and Alger. He was an official of the Affaires militaires musulmanes, 19351946, a professor at the Ecole nationale des langues orientales vivantes, Paris, 1951-1956, and in the same capacity at the Sorbonne from 1956 to 1978. From 1956 to the end of his days, he was one of the pillars of the second edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam. During all these years he contributed more than 250 articles in the fields of Arabic and Berber language, literature and civilization. His writings include L'arabe vivant (1975), and a collection of his articles, Etudes sur I'histoire socioculturel/e de /'islam (1976). He died in Bourg-la-Reine, 28 October 1992. IntWW, 1989-1992/93; WhoFr, 1967/68-1993/94

Pellegrin, Arthur Auguste, born 19 January 1891 at Souk el-Khemis, Tunisia. In obedience to his father's wishes he trained to become a successor to the family's casino at Hammam-Lif, but concurrently he pursued studies at the College Alaoui in Tunis. In 1905 he became infected with tuberculosis which left him an invalid for life despite an eighteen-month hospitalization. Too young for an office employment, he barely earned enough at the Tunisian railways to support himself and his divorced mother. At the age of twenty he had his first chance as a journalist with the Bulletin de I'Union chretienne de jeunes gens de Tunis. In 1913 appeared his first book L'energie coloniale. Concurrently he contributed to la Tunisie lliustree, where he became editor-in-chief in 1915. After the war he founded the review Soleii, and became a contributor to Tunis socialiste. From 1922 to 1943 he was a member of the Grand Conseil de Tunisie. In 1945 he finally resigned from the Tunisian railway company. He was a member of the Academie des sciences coloniales. His writings include L'islam et les Balkans (1915), L'islam dans Ie monde (1937), and Histoire de la Tunisie depuis les origines jusqu'a nosjours (1938). He died in Aix-Ies-Bains, 24 July 1956. Hommesetdestins, vol. 7, pp. 391-393 Pellegrini, Amedeo, born 19th cent., he was a medievalist who published accounts and documents relating to Lucca ambassadors at various Italian courts of the thirteenth to eighteenth centuries. His writings include Storia di Pieve di Cento dal1220 ai giorni nostri (Lucca, 1903). NUC, pre-1956 Pellegrini, Giovanni Battista, born 23 February 1921, he was a linguist and a professor at the Seminario di Filologia Balcanica, Universita degli Studi di Padova. His writings include Gli arabismi nel/e lingue neolatine (1972). Wholtaly, 1995, 1997, 1998

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Pelleray, Emmanuel, born 19th cent., he wrote La seticunure coloniale et /'industrie soie (1905). His trace is lost after his last publication in 1923. NUC, pre-1956

trenceise

de la

Pelletiere, Stephen Charles, born 20th cent., he was in 1984 an assistant professor of politics at Union College, and a sometime professor of national security at the Strategic Studies Institute of the United States Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Pa. His writings include The Kurds; an unstable element in the Gulf (1984), and he was joint author of Iraqi power and U.S. security in the Middle East (1990), and The Iran-Iraq war; chaos in a vacuum (1992). lC Pelligra, Daniel, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1979 from the Universite de Paris I with a thesis entitled Systemes de relations chez les nomades de la region de Touggourt. THESAM, 2 Pellion, Jean Pierre, fl. 1840-1855, he was a general de division whose writings include La Grece et trenceise de 1828 a 1834 (1855). BN

les Capodistrias pendant I'occupation

Pelllot, Paul, born 28 May 1878 at Paris, he originally trained for the civil servie, but his interest in history and linguistics soon directed him to an academic career. From 1901 to 1906 he served as professor of Chinese studies at l'Ecole francalse d'Extreme Orient in Hanoi and from 1906 to 1908 he conducted an exploratory mission in Central Asia. He served as professor at the College de France from 1911, and as curator of the Ennery Museum, Paris, since 1934. His writings include Mission Pelliot en Asie centrale (1914-1924). He died in Paris, 26 October 1945. Far Eastern quarterly 5 (1945/46), p.256; Harvardjournal of Asiatic studies 9 (1946), pp. 187-188; Hommes et destins, vol. 6, pp. 326-329

Pellitteri, Antonino, born 20th cent. he was in 1993 a professor at the Istituto di studi orientali in the Universita di Palermo. His writings include /I riformismo musulmano in Siria, 1870-1920 (1987), and Mondo arabo-is/amico (1991), and he was joint translator of Poesie by N. Qabbani. EURAMES,1993; lC Pelly, Sir Lewis, born 14 November 1825, he was educated at Rugby and joined the East India Company's Bombay Army in 1841 and rose to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1887. From 1851 to 1852, he was Assistant Resident at Baroda, served in the Persian war of 1857, was secretary of the Legation at Tehran and charge d'affaires in 1859, and rode from Persia to India by way of Herat and Kandahar, without escort. He successively was Political Agent at Zanzibar and Political Resident in the Persian Gulf from 1861 to 1871. He was active in suppressing the slave trade and visited Riyadh. His writings include Report on a journey to Riyadh in Central Arabia, 1865 (1866). He died 3 April 1892. Buckland; DNB; Embacher; Henze; Riddick

Pelorson, Jean Marc, born 20th cent., his writings include Cervantes; un tableau synoptique de la vie et des ceuvres de Cervantes (1970), Les 't.etreaos;' juristes castilians sous Philippe III (1980), and he was a joint author of Guide de la version espagnole (1971), and La France de notre epoque (1972). Pelosse, Jean Paul Louis, born 1885, he received a doctorate in 1934 from the Universite de Lyon with a thesis entitled Etude sur la faune des ctedoceres et des copepodes de la region moyenne des Alpes trenceises. NUC, pre-1956

Pemberton, J. F., fl. 1906, he was a missionary affiliated with the Church Missionary Society, London. His writings include the booklet, The story of Guman Singh, a Gurkha soldier and pioneer evangelist in Nepal (1915). BlC Pemberton, Norman. His writings include Britain's future; some criticisms and postulates (London, 1933). BlC; NUC, pre-1956 Pemble, John. His writings include The invasion of Nepal; John Company at war (1971), The Raj, the Indian Mutiny and the kingdom ofOudh, 1801-1859 (1977), The Mediterranean passion; Victorians and Edwardians in the south (1987), and he edited Miss Fane in India (1985). lC Pena Boeuf, Alfons, born 23 January 1888 at Madrid, he was a lecturer in engineering at the Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos and president of the Academia de Ciencas Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. His writings include Memorias de un ingeniero politico (1954). He died in Madrid, 2 February 1966. OBEC; WhoSpain, 1963

Pefia Munoz, Carmen, born 20th cent. After she received a doctorate in Semitic languages, she specialized in Arabic medicine and pharmacy. In 1992, she was a professor at the Facultad de Farmcia de Granada. Her writings include Indice de sutancias medicina - las citadas en el Kitab alKulliyyat de Averroes (1980), and she edited and translated EI formulario de los hospitales de Ibn Abi II-Bayan (1981). Arabismo, 19921

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98 Penant, D., fl. 1891-1922, he was an elected delegate from the colonies, a member of the Conseil superieur, and an editor of Recueil de legislation & de jurisprudence marocaines, Recueil general de jurisprudence, Recueil Penant, and La Tribune des colonies et des protectorats. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Penchoen, Thomas G., born 20 August 1934, he was a graduate of Darmouth College, studied at Paris, and received a doctorate in Berber languages in 1967. In the same year he became a professor in his field at the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Literature, UCLA, a position which he still held in 1995. His writings include Etude syntactique d'un parler beroere (1973), and Tamazight of the Ayt Ndhir(1973). DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982; NatFacDr, 1995 Pendrill, Joan M. Her writings include Algeria; facts on living and working conditions (1972), and Algeria; a guide to business in Algeria (1979). LC Penet, Paul, born 19th cent., his writings include Kairouan, Sbeitla, Ie Djerid; guide iuustr« du touriste (Tunis, 1911), L'Hydraulique agricole dans la Tunise meridionale (Tunis, 1913), Les Richesses hydrauliques du Maroc occidental (Bar-sur-Aube, 1918), and Journal de mission dans Ie Tifnout (Tunis, 1919). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Peney, Alfred, born 3 August 1817 at Saint-Genis-sur-Guiers (Savoie), he studied medicine at Montpellier and Paris, and received a doctorate. He was secretary to the head of the Egyptian public health council, before he was appointed chief medical officer to the Egyptian troops in the Sudan in 1850. In 1855, he married a Galla girl in Khartoum, with whom he had several children. He ascended the Nile to its sources, but did not return. A search party found him dying from malaria near the site of Fort Berkeley in 1861. Dezobry; Egyptology; Embacher; Henze; Hill Penfield, Frederich Courtland, born 23 April 1855 at East Haddam, Conn., he was a diplomat and a journalist of the Hartford Courant. He later served a as diplomatic agent and consul-general at Cairo, 1893-1897, and ambassador to Austria-Hungary, 1913-1917. His writings include Present day Egypt (1899), and East of Suez (1907). He died in New York on 19 June 1922. DAB; DcAmDH, 1980, 1989; Master (6); NCCN; Shavit; WhAm, 1

Penhey, F. W. He was joint author of the booklet, An Archaeological and historical survey of the Aden tanks (1955). BLC Penjiev, Murat, 1932- see Penzhiev, Murat Pennacchiette, Fabrizio Angelo, fl. 1967, he was a professor of Semitic languages at the Universlta di Torino, and, in 1984, he edited the Atti of the third Giornata di studi camito-semitici. Wholtaly, 1980 Pennar, Jaan, born 12 June 1924 at Tallinn, Estonia, he was a graduate of Bates College and received a doctorate in 1953. He subsequently was until 1970 a counselor and representative of the Radio Liberty Committee, MOnchen. His writings include The U.S.S.R. and the Arabs (1973), Estonians in America, 1627-1975 (1975), and he edited Islam and Communism; a conference (1960). AmM&WSc, 1973 S; ConAu, 115

Pennell, Alice Maud nee Sorabji, born in 1874 at Belgauma, India, she was educated at Poona and Bedford College, London. After taking her medical degree at the Royal Free Hospital in London in 1905, she returned to India, and in 1906 became chief medical officer at the Victoria Memorial Hospital in Delhi. In 1908 she married Dr. Theodore Pennell, and worked with him at Bannu at the Northwest Frontier until his death in 1912. During the 1914-18 war she worked as surgeon at the Freeman Thomas Military Hospital in Bombay. In 1918 she returned for a time to the Pennell Memorial Hospital at Bannu, and later she became director of the British camp for refugees in Athens. For her services she was appointed D.B.E., and awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind medal in 1918. Later in life she was active in women's organizations. She made her last trip to India in 1948, and died in Findon in Sussex on 7 March 1951. Lancet 260 (24 March 1951), p. 696 Pennell, Theodore Leighton, M.D., born in 1867, he was a gold medallist of London University in science, in medicine, and in surgery, and in 1892 went as a medical missionary to Bannu, India, accompanied by his mother, who stayed with him until her death, a period of some sixteen years. He was married to Alice Maud Sorabji in 1908. He preached in the Bannu bazaar to the Pathans, and first opened a dispensary, and SUbsequently a church, at Kharak in the Salt Range. Later on he opened centres at and around Thai on the Kurram River. The Government awarded him the medal of Kaisar-iHind, first the silver medal in 1903, and then in 1910 the gold medal. He infected himself while treating a colleague for blood-poisoning and died in 1912, sincerely mourned by the locals. His writings include Among the wild tribes of the Afghan frontier (1909). Blackwood's magazine 192 (1912), pp. 1-11 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

99 Pennesi, Giuseppe, born 1 April 1851 or 1854 at Contigliano (Umbria), he was a professor of geography at the Universita di Padova. His writings include Atlante scolastico per la geografia fisica e politica (1894). He died in Padova, 29 May 1909 of typhoid fever. IndBI (2) Pennetta, A., fl. 1933. He was a president of the Mixed Tribunal, Mansurah, and a member of the Societe Fouad 1er d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation from 1928 to 1941. Pennings, Gerrit J., born in the last quarter of the nineteenth century at Orange City, Iowa, and educated at Hope College and Western Theological Seminary, both Holland, Mich. In 1908 he went out to the Arabian Mission as a missionary under the Dutch Reformed Church in America and lived at nearly all stations at one time or another. During the war he worked among the British and Indian troops in Mesopotamia in connection with the Y.M.C.A. After his marriage in 1920, he was posted for a long time at Bahrain. He was a contributor to the Arabian Mission's own quarterly, Neglected Arabia. In 1941 he was still active in Kuwait. Facey Grant, pp. 57-60; Van Ess, pp. 23, 31 Pennisi, Pasquale, fl. 1931-1954. His writings include Della applicazione del principio di nazionalita ai populi di clvltte non europea (1931), La societe della nazioni e la controversia tra I'Italia e I'Etiopia (1937), Mistica del fascismo e din amica della rivoluzione (1941), and Invito ai monarchici per I'apertura a sinistra (1954). NUC, pre-1956 Penrose, Edith nee Tilton, born 29 November 1914 at Los Angeles, she was educated at the University of California, Berkeley, and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, where she received a Ph.D. in 1950. She had a distinguished record as an economist and served in various capacities at the International Labour Office, Geneva, the U.S. Embassy, London, and the United Nations. She and her husband became victims of the U.S. Congressional Investigation of Un-American Activities under Senator McCarthy in the early 1950s. They left for Australia's National University, Canberra, and briefly taught at Baghdad, before she joined the University of London from 1960 to 1978. Her writings include Food control in Great Britain (1942), The large international firm in developing countries (1968), The growth of firms; Middle East oil, and other essays (1971), and her last book, written with her husband, Iraq; international relations and national development (1978). She died in Waterbeach, England, 11 October 1996. AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; BRISMES newsletter 11, no. 2 (March 1997), p. 1; ConAu,25; IntWW, 19801994/95; Master (5) Who, 1973-1996; WhoEIO, 1987; WhoWor, 1974/75-1991/92

Penrose, Ernest Francis, born in England, he was married to Edith Tilton Denhardt in 1944. His writings include Population theories and their application (1934), Economic planning for peace (1953), The revolution in international relations; a study in the changing nature and balance of power (1965), and, jointly with his wife, New orientations; essays in international relations (1970). LC Pensa, Henri, fl. 1891, he received a doctorate in 1906 from the Faculte de droit de Lyon with a thesis entitled La Republique et Ie canal de Panama. His writings include L'Algerie; organisation politique et

administrative, justice, ... propriete et etet civil chez les indigenes; voyage de la delegation de la commission eenetoiiete d'etudes des questions algeriennes, presidee par Jules Ferry (1894), L'Egypte et Ie Soudan eqyotien (1895), L'avenir de la Tunisie; protectorat, colonisation (1903), De Locarno au pacte Kellogg; la politique europeenne (1930), Sorcellerie et religion (1933), the undated booklet, Problemes de la politique europeenne; les Russes et les Anglais en Afghanistan, ou la Preponderance eurooeenne en Asie centrale, and he was joint author of L'Egypte et I'Europe (1896). BN

Pentiukhov, Lev Nikolaevich, fl. 1957.

xosniicmeote (1966). NUC, 1956-1967

His writings include Ilenuncxu npUHLJ,Unbl ynpeenenu«

Penton, Sir Edward, born 18 June 1875 at London, he was an Oxford graduate, a leather merchant in London, with branches in Northampton, a municipal politician, and a Freemason. He travelled in Africa, India, Persia, and Russia. He died 21 December 1967. Britlnd (1); Who was who, 6 Penz, Charles, fl. 1946-1957, he received a doctorat es lettres. His writings include Les captifs du Maroc au XVlle steele, 1577-1699 (Rabat, 1944), Les rois de France et Ie Maroc (19451948), Cahiers d'histoire du Maroc (1947), EI Islam moderno; los habous en Marruecos (1953), Modern Islam; the habous in Morocco (Casablanca, 1956), and Belles images du Maroc (1957). BN

trencets

Penzhiev, Murat, born 1 June 1932 at Kizylaiak, Turkmenistan, he received a doctorate in 1983 at Ashkhabad with a thesis entitled ncmopuuecsoe neseumue U coeoeuenne« ompykmvoe ceneoxoxosniicmeenoi) mepuuuonoeuu M mypKMeHcKoM fl3blKe. His writings include MMeHa uucnumensuue a coapeMeHHoM mypKMeHcKoM fl3blKe (1962), and McmopulfecKoe peseumue U coepeuenne« cmpyxmypa seuneoensuecxot) neKCUKU a mypKMeHcKoM fl3blKe (1991). LC; Miliband2 Penzin, Dmitrii IAkovlevich, fl. 1962. His writings include Cyoen (1965), and (/)uHaHcbl U Kpeoum

MpaKa (1973). LC

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Penzl, Herbert, born 2 September 1910 at Neufelden, Austria, he received a doctorate from the Uniersitat Wien in 1935, and was a professor of Germanic philology at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1963 to 1984 as well as a visiting professor at many universities at home and abroad. His writings include A grammar of Pashto (1955), and A reader of Pashto (1962). He died on 1 September 1995. BioHbDtE; ConAu, 45-48, new rev., 24; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982; DtBiind (1); KOrschner, 1966-1992; Master (1); WhoAm, 1974-1994

Peppelenbosch, Pim G. N., born in 1936, he was in 1993 a director of human resource management at Robeco Group, Rotterdam. His writings include Nederland op z'n retour; bedrijfs/even en Derde wereld (1981), Saoedi-Arabie (1983), and he was joint author of De wereld der Arabieren (1971). Brinkman's; EURAMES, 1993

Pepper, Charles Melville, born 11 November 1859 at Bloomfield, Ohio, he was a journalist, foreign trade adviser to the U.S. Department of State, and author of several trade reports for the U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor, including Suez Canal (1906), Asiatic Turkey (1907), India (1907), and Red Sea (1907). He died in N.Y.C., 4 November 1930. DcNAA; NatCAB, vol. 13, p. 240, vol. 22, p. 133; WhAm, 1

Pera, Luther, born 19th cent., he served from 1905 to 1915 in Vazirabad and Urmia, Persia, as a Nestorian pastor of the Evangelisch-Lutherische Missionsanstalt, Hermannsburg, under the direction of Rev. Karl Robbelen. Note about the author Perazlc, Gavro £>, fl. 1973, he received a doctorate in 1962 at Belgrade. He became a colonel in the Yugoslav Army in 1973, and a sometime professor. His writings include Ustavnopoliticki i meaunarodnopravni status odbrane i oruianih snaga (1976), and Nestanak crnogorske driave u prvom svetskom ratu (1988). LC; Note about the author Perbal, Albert Charles, born 9 April 1884 at Haucourt (Meurthe-et-Moselle), he was educated at the semlnaire de Nancy, entered the missionaires Oblats in 1902, and was ordained in 1907. He was successively a teacher and secreieire particulier until 1924, when he became superior of the Scolasticat International des Oblats at Roma. In 1930, he headed the Secretariat des Missions O.M.1. as well as their press office, and was for four years editor of the journal, Missions des mission aires a.M.I. In 1932, he was joint founding director of Africanae fraternae ephemerides Romanae. In the same year he began his career as a professor of missions at the Institutum Missionale Scientificum, a post which he held until 1954 and which included courses in Islamic institutions and law. His writings include Correspondance entre Frencois Laydevant at Albert Perbal (1994). He died in Roma on 28 December 1971. Neue Zeitschrift fOr Missionswissenschaft, 28 (1972), pp. 133-135 Percher, Jules Hippolyte, born 7 October 1857 at Couleuvre (Allier), he was a founding editor of Revue moderne and thereafter secretary of Revue contemporaine and, since 1884, director of Journal des debets. He was closely associated with the Comite de l'Afrique francalse, of which he was a founding member and an active contributor from 1890 until his death. In recognition of his exploration of the Chad region, he was awarded chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1894. His writings, partly under the pseudonym Harry Alis, include A la conquete du Tchad (1891), Nos Africains (1894). He was killed in a duel with Le Chatelier on 1 March 1895. Bulletin de la Societe de geographie de Lille, 23 (1895), 222-224; Hommes et destins, vol. 9, pp. 361-365; Vapereau

Percival, Arthur Jex-Blake, born 1 December 1870, he entered the Army in 1892 and served as major under Lord Kitchener in the Sudan, where he was in command of the Camel Corps, Egyptian Army, from 1903 to 1908. He was killed by a shell at the chateau de La Hooge on 31 October 1914. British biographical index, 2d ed. (3); Who was who, 1

Percival, C., born 19th cent., he was in 1913 a major in a Rifle Brigade posted to Dem Zubair in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, a district where he was posted for three and a half years. Note about the author Percival, David Athelstane, born in 1906, he was a sometime superintendent of census, Census Africa, Cyprus. His writings include Census of population and agriculture [in Cyprus,] 1946 (1949); he was joint author of The national economic accounts of British Guiana, 1948-1951 (1953); and he translated from the Greek of Ismene K. Chatzekosta, Cyprus and its life; morals and customs of Cyprus, folk songs (1943). BLC Percival, Sir John Hope, born 27 December 1870 in India, he was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, and was called to the bar from Inner Temple in 1894. He served in judicial capacities in Egypt until 1928, when he became a judicial adviser resident in Cairo. He was a member of the Societe Fouad 1er d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. He died 7 July 1954. British

biographical index, 2d ed. (3); Who was who, 5

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Percy, Lord Algernon, Baron Prudhoe and Duke of Northumberland, born in 1792, he was a collector of antiquities, and travelled in the Orient for a number of years. His love of learning prompted him to bear the expense of the preparation and printing of Edward W. Lane's gigantic Arabic lexicon. He died in 1865. DNB; Egyptology; Hill Perdicaris, Ion H., born in 1840, he was a sometime resident in Morocco and held for ransom by brigands, the account of which he published in National geographic magazine in 1906. His other writings include American claims and the protection of native subjects in Morocco (1885), and The case of Mohammed Benani, a story of to-day (1888). He died in 1925. NUC, pre-1956 Perdrizet, Paul Frederic Emile, born 22 July 1870 at Montbeliard (Doubs). After graduation from the Ecole Nomale, he spent the years from 1894 to 1898 at the Ecole francalse c'Athenes, By the time he accepted the chair of archaeology at the Universite de Strasbourg in 1918, he had acquired a throughout first-hand knowledge of the Greek and Byzantine monuments. He died on 4 June 1938. Bulletin de I'lnstitut d'Egypte 22 (1940), pp. 15-27; Byzantion 13 (1938), pp. 777-779; Egyptology

Pere, Michele, born in 1944, his writings include Decouverte d'Agadir, porte saharienne vers Taroudant, Tafraout, Tiznit, Goulimine et Ie Sud (Rabat, 1976). Perennes, Jean Jacques, born first half 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1977 from the Unlverslte de Paris I with a thesis entitled L'Economie de la datte dans les oasis de I'Oued R'hir. His writings include chretiens en Algerie (1977), Structures et oecotonteetion; les oasis de I'Oued R'hir (1980), a work which was originally presented as doctoral thesis at Paris in 1979, and L'eau et les hommes au Maghreb (1993). LC; THESAM,2 Perenyi, J6szef, born 5 April 1915 at Budapest, he studied history at Budapest, where he also received a doctorate in 1938. He spent a year at istanbul, and started his teaching career in the early post-war years at Budapest, where he taught history successively at various academic institutions until his death on 26 October 1981. His writings include 03 ucmopuu seseonemcsux yKpauHl.I,ee, 1849-1914 (Budapest, 1957), and he edited Temnmenyck Kelet-Eur6pa torteneteb61 (1972). MEL, 1978-91; WhoSoCE,1989 Peres, Henri, born first half 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1937 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled La poesie andalouse en arabe au xte siecte, and his complementary thesis, L'Espagne vue par les voyageurs musulmans de 1610 a 1930. He was affiliated with I'lnstitut d'etudes superieures islamiques d'Alger. His writings include La litterature arabe et /'islam par les textes: les xtx et XXe steeles (1938), and a Spanish translation of his thesis, Esplendor de AI-Andalus (1983). LC Peres, Shimon, born 1 August 1923 at Vishneva, Poland, he came to Palestine as a ten-year old, and successively became a member of parliament, a minister of various portfolios, and prime minister of Israel. His writings include The new Middle East (1993), and Battling for peace (1995). Bioln, 10, 11, 12, 16,17; ConAu,85-88; CurBio, 1976, 1995; EncJud; IntWW,1975/75-2000; IntYB,1979-1998; MideE,1982/83; Reich, pp. 403-12; Who, 1974-1999; WhoWor, 1980-1999; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Peres, Yochanan, born 16 October 1931 in Germany, he was a graduate of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, where he also received his doctorate. Since 1970, he was a member of the Department of Sociology in Tel Aviv University. Concurrently he was a visiting lecturer at Harvard and Columbia universities in the United States. His writings include Yahase 'edot be-vtere'e! (1976), and Ben hashkamah le-mahaloket (1998). LC; Wholsrael, 1980/81, 1985/86 Peresypkin, Oleg Gerasimovich, born 12 August 1935 at Baku, he received a doctorate in 1980 with a thesis entitled 3eOnlOl.I,Ufl nonumuoecsoii cucmeuu UeMeHcKo{} Apa6cKo{} Pecny6nuKu u HapooHo,[JeMoKpamuliecKoO Pecny6nuKu UeMeH, 1962-1975. He edited International symposium "Russia and Palestine - cultural-religious ties and contacts in past, present and future", 1990 (1992). LC; Miliband2 Peretti, Aurelio , born 26 September 1901 at Chiampo (Vicenza), he was a professor of classics at Helsinki from 1936 to 1939, at Heidelberg from 1940 to 1943, and successively became a professor at the universities of Padova and Pisa. His writings include La Sibilla babilonese nella propaganda ellenistica (1943), Luciano (1946), and II Periplo di Scilace (1979). Chi e, 1948, 1957, 1961; IndBI (1); LC;

Wholtaly, 1958

Peretti, Jean Marie, born 20th cent., he was vice-president of the Association francaise de gestion des res-sources humaines in 1993. LC Peretti, Joseph, born 20th cent., he receiced a doctorat es lettres in 1964 from the Universite de Paris for Les Aspects linguistiques, litteraires, artistiques et folkloriques de /'italianite de Malte. BN Peretz, Don, born 31 October 1922 at Baltimore, Md., he was a graduate of the University of Minnesota and received a Ph.D. in 1955 from Columbia University for Israel and the Arab refugees. He was a Middle East correspondent for N.B.C. Radio, United Nations world, and Reporter until 1949, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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when he became primarily an analyst and consultant. In 1959, he began an academic career, mainly at universities in New York State. His writings include The Middle East today (1963), The West Bank (1986), Intifada, the Palestinian uprising (1990), and The Arab-Israel dispute (1996). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu, 9-12, new rev., 19,41; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; Selim; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Perez, Guido Russo, 1885- see Russo-Perez, Guido Perez, V. Tomas, fl. 1946. His writings include Marruecos, estudio geografico-econ6mico (Barcelona, 1935). NUC, pre-1956 Perez-Bustamente y Gonzales de la Vega, Rogelio, born in 1945, he studied law, and received doctorates in law and in letters. Since 1987 he was a professor at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. His writings include EI pleito de los valles, las juntas de Puente San Miguel y el origin de la Provincia de Cantabria (1989), and he edited Historia de Zamora (1991). LC; Quien, 1993; WhoSpain, 1988,1990,1992, 1994

Perez-Bustamente de la Vega, Ciriaco, born 17 November 1896 at Santander, Spain, he studied history at Madrid, where he also received a doctorate. Since 1922 he was a professor of history at the Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife. His writings include S/ntesis de historia de Espana (1939), Historia de Espana (1941), and La Espana de Felipe "' (1979). In 1969, he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Homenaja a D. Ciriaco Perez-Bustemente. IndiceE (1); LC Perez de Castro, Mariano, fl. 1873, he was a colonel in the Spanish artillery and a writer on history, particularly military history. He was a founding director and editor of the Madrid journals La gaceta militar and EI mondo militar. EncicUni; IndiceE (1) Perez Fernandez, lsaclo, fl. 1975. His writings include Inventario documentado de los escritos de fray Bartolome de la Casas (1981). LC Perez Gomez Nieva, Alfonso, 1859-1931. His writings include Historias callejeras (1888), EI alma dormida (1889), Par la noche (1891), Un viaje a Asturias, pasando por Leon (1895), and he edited a Colecci6n de poes/as de un cancionero tnedlto del siglo XV (1884). LC Perez de Guzman y Gallo, Juan, born in 1841 at Malaga, he was a historian whose writings include La casa del rey moro en Ronda (1910). He died in 1928. IndiceE3(1) Perez Mateos, Josefina, fl. 1950. She was a mineralogist and geologist. Her writings include Elementos y sulfuros (Madrid, 1946), and Analisis mineral6gico de arenas; metodos de estudio (1965). LC Perez de la Sala, Pedro, born 29 April 1827 at Gij6n, Spain, he was an engineer and a professor. His writings include Tratado de las construcciones en el mar (Madrid, 1886). He died in Madrid, 14 March 1908. EncicUni Perez Sanchez, Alfonso Emilio, born 16 June 1935 at Cartagena, Spain, he was educated at the universities of Valencia and Madrid, and received a doctorate in history of art. He was a director of the Prado, Madrid, until 1991. Concurrently he was a professor at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. His writings include Historia del dibujo en Espana de la edad media a Goya (1986). Quien,

1986, 1993; WhoSpain, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996; WhoWor, 1989/90-1996

Perez Serrano, Nicolas, born 21 May 1890 at Ceuta, he was a barrister and a professor of constitutionallaw at the Universidad de Madrid until 1960 and a member of the Instituto de Espana as well as other Spanish learned academies. His writings include Escritos de derecho polftico (1984); and he was editor of the Revista de derecho publico from 1932 to 1936. In 1959 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Homenaje a D. Nicolas Perez. Espasa; IndiceE (1); LC Perez de Urbel, Justo, born in 1895 at Pedrosa, Burgos, Spain, he was educated at the Escuela de Santo Domingo de Silos and Universidad de Madrid. After he received his doctorate, he was affiliated with the Abadia de Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caidos. His writings include Espana del siglo X; castellanos y leoneses, navarros y gallegos, musulmanes y judios, forjadores de historia (1983).

Au&Wr, 1971; LC

Pergens, Edward Wilhelm Gerard, 1862-1917. His writings include Les conceptions ophtalmologiques personnelles de Rhazes dans Ie Hawi (Paris, 1902), and Recherches sur I'acuite visuelle (Paris, 19061913). BN; NUC, pre--1956 Perham, Dame Margery Freda, born 6 September 1895 at Bury, Lancashire, she was a lecturer on African affairs, a subject which roused her interest when she first visited Somaliland in 1922. Her writings include Native administration in Nigeria (1937), Africans and British rule (1941), The government of Ethiopia (1948), The colonial reckoning (1961), Colonial sequence, 1930 to 1939

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(1967), East African journey; Kenya and Tanganyika (1976), and a Catalogue of the papers of Dame Margery Perham (1989). She died in Burcot, Oxford, 19 February 1982. Au&Wr,1971; ConAu,1 rev., 106; ONB; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977; Master (1); Unesco; WhE&EA; Who was who, 8

Peri, Noel, 1865-1922. He was affiliated with l'Ecole francaise d'Extreme-Orient. His writings include Essai sur les gammes japonaises (Paris, 1934), and he translated Cinq no; drames Iyriques (Paris, 1921). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Perie, Augustin, born 14 August 1832 at St. Chamarand (Lot), he early in life came under the influence of an Apostolic vicar from Manchuria visiting at Cahors and determined to become a missionary. After he was ordained in 1859, he immediately sailed as a missionary to Malacca, where he remained until 1870, when poor health obliged him to return to France. From 1872 until his death on 16 January 1892, he served as chaplain at Roc-Amador (Lot). His writings include Souvenirs de Malaisie; onze ans so us l'equeieur, Indo-Chine (1885). Cordier; IndexBFr2 (1) Perier, Amedee, fl. 1886. His writings include Les vins de quinquina et la loi du 21 germinal an xi (Paris, 1890). BN Perter, Augustin, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1920 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Yahya b. Adi, un philosophe arabe cnretten du Xe steele. His writings include Nouvelle grammaire arabe (1911), and Petits traites apologetiques de Yahya ben 'Ali (1920). NUC, pre-1956

Perier, Jean (Joanny) Andre Napoleon, born in 1809, he was an anthropologist who received a doctorate in 1836 from the Faculte de rnedecine de Paris with a thesis entitled Apea}u critique des theories sur les idees et les tecaltes humaines. His writings include De I'hygiene en Algerie (1847). He died in 1880. NUC, pre-1956 Perier de Feral, Guy, fl. 1927, he received a doctorate in 1922 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled L'importantion des viandes frigorifiees en France pendant la guerre. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Perikhanian, Anait Georgievna, born 24 April 1928 at Moscow, she was a graduate of Leningrad State University and received a doctorate in Iranian studies in 1975. Her writings include XpaMoable 06beauHeHHuR Manou A3UU u ApMeHuu (1959), 06U(ecmao u npaao tlfpaHa a napcjJRaHcKuu u cacenuocxut: nepuoabl (1983), Mamepuanbl K 3muMonoauliecKoMY cnoeepn apeaHeapMRHcKoao R3blKa (1993), and she was editor and translator of Cecenuocxui) Cyae6HuK (1973), and Knuee oesnua Apaawupa cune Ilenexe (1987). LC; Miliband; Miliband2 Perillier, Louis, born 1 April 1900 at Nimes, he studied law and earned a doctorate. After serving in the war, he passed through l'Ecole speciale militaire de Saint-Cyr, where he later became an instructor. From 1936 to 1946 he served at various prefectures in Algeria, and from 1950 to 1952, he was resident general of France in Tunisia. His writings include La conquete de t'inaepenaence tunisienne; souvenirs et temoignages (1979). He died in 1986. OBFC, 1954/55; Hommes etdestins, vol. 8, p. 330; NONC, 1964 Perinbam, Barbara Marie, born about 1930 at Kingston, Jamaica, she was educated at the universities of London, Toronto, and Georgetown, D.C., where she received a Ph.D. in 1969 with a thesis entitled Trade and politics on the Senegal and Upper Niger, 1854-1900. Since 1968 she was a professor of African history at the University of Maryland, College Park, a post which she still held in 1995. Her writings include Holy violence; the revolutionary thought of Frantz Fanon (1982). OrAS, 1974, 1978; WhoAmW, 1987/88

Peristiany (Peristianis), John Georges (Ionnes Georiou), born 4 September 1911 at Athens, he studied law and received a doctorate in 1937 at Paris with a thesis entitled La vie et Ie droit coutumier des Kipsigis du Kenya, and earned a doctorate in anthropology at Oxford a year or so later. He was a lecturer in social anthropology at the universities of London and Cambridge from 1946 to 1948, and subsequently at Oxford from 1948 to 1963. In 1960 he was appointed Unesco professor of sociology, and he established social study centres at Athens and Nicosia. In 1978 he entered the Cypriot diplomatic service. His writings include The social institutions of the Kipsigis (1939), and he edited Mediterranean family structures (1976), and Honor and grace in anthropology (1992). He died in Paris, 27 October 1987. ConAu, 17-20, 124; EEE; Hellenikon,1965; IntOcAn; Unesco; WhoFr, 1981/82 Peritz, Moritz, born 9 November 1856 at Bratislava, he studied at the Universitat Breslau since 1876, and received a Dr.phil. in 1881 with a thesis entitled Das Such der Gesetze von Moseh ben Maimun im arabischen Urtexte, nebst der heoretschen Obersetzung des Shelomon ben Joseph ibn Aijub. His writings include Aus der Geschichte der jildischen Gemeinde zu Liegnitz. NUC, pre-1956; Thesis Peritz, Rene, born 3 November 1933 at Como, Italy, he received a Ph.D. in 1964 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled Politics in Singapore. He was a professor of political science at

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Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pa., since 1971, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Changing politics of modern Asia (1973). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu,45-48; IWWAS, 1975/76; NatFacDr, 1995

Perjes, Geza, born 20th cent., he was a Hungarian historian whose writings include Mezogazdasagi termeles, nepesseg, hadseregelelmezes es strategia a 17. szazad masodik feleben, 1650-1715 (1963), Mohacs (1979), its translations, Mohal; meydan muharebesi (Ankara, 1988), and The fall of the medieval king-dom of Hungary (1989), Clausevitz (Budapest, 1983), and Clausewitz es a haboru praxeol6giaja (Budapest, 1988). LC Perkins, Eleanor Ellis, born in 1893 at Evanston, Illinois, she was a graduate of Northwestern University. She was a playwright and one of the ten official women delegates to the International Conference of Women, Paris, 1926. Her writings include Daybreak; missionary pageant (Chicago, 1918), a work which was prepared for the golden jubilee celebration of the Women's Board of Missions of the Interior. LC; WhNAA; WhoAmW, 1958/59-1966/67 Perkins, Justin, born 5 March 1805 at West Springfield, Mass., he was a missionary to the Nestorians and arrived at Urmia in 1834. He was widely recognized as one of the most eminent Syriac scholars. His writings include A residence of eight years in Persia, among the Nestorian Christians (1843), Missionary life in Persia (1861), and Historical sketch of the mission to the Nestorians (1866). DAB; Master (9); Richter, pp. 295-297; Shavit; WhAm, H

Perkins, Kenneth James, born 27 March 1946 at Weehawken, N.J., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled Qaids, captains, and colons; French military administration in the colonial Maghrib, 1844-1934. He was appointed professor of Islamic history at the University of South Carolina, Columbia, in 1974, a post which he still held in 2000. He carried on field work in North Africa, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates. He was a member of the Association for the Study of Travel in Egypt and the Near East. His writings include Tunisia; crossroads of the Islamic and European worlds (1986), Historical dictionary of Tunisia (1989), and Port Sudan; the evolution of a colonial city (1993). NatFacDr, 2000; Selim Perkins, William Allen, born in 1926. His writings include When we work together (New York, 1960). Perles, Joseph, born 26 November 1835 at Baja, Hungary, he was educated at the Rabbinerseminar, Breslau, and the Unlversitat Breslau, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1859 with a thesis entitled Meletemata Peschitthoniana. He was a rabbi at Posen from 1861 until 1871 when he transferred to MOnchen, where he died on 6 March 1894. His writings include Beitrage zur Geschichte der hebraischen und eremeischen Studien (1884). EncJud; JewEnc; Judl.ex; MagyarZL; Wininger Perlmann, Moshe, born 28 September 1905 at Odessa, he received a Ph.D. in 1941 from SOAS with a thesis entitled Moslem polemics against Jews and Judaism. He became a professor of Semitic studies at various American universities. From 1961 to his retirement in 1973 he was a professor of Arabic at U.C.L.A. His writings include a translation from al-Tabari's history, The ancient kingdoms (1987). CnDiAmJBi; DrAS, 1974, 1978; EncJud; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978 Perlmutter, Amos, born 14 September 1931, he received a Ph.D. in 1957 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Ideology and organization; the politics of socialistic parties in Israel. In 1995, he was a professor at the Department of Government in the American University, Washington, D.C. His writings include Egypt, a praetorian state (1974), The military and politics in modern times (1977), Political roles and military rulers (1981), Israel, the partitioned state (1985), and Making the world safe for democracy (1997). LC; NatFacDr, 1995; Selim Pernot, Hubert Octave, born in 1870 in a small village of Haute SaOne, France. For seventeen years, he taught modern Greek at the Ecole des langues orientales, Paris, until he received a doctorate in 1907 for La phonetique des parlers de Chio. From 1912 to 1920 he taught at the Universite de Paris, and afterwards, until his retirement, at the Institut neohellenlque de l'Universite. His writings include En pays ture; 1'1Ie de Chio (1903). He died 27 June 1946. Byzantion 18 (1946/48), pp. 335-348 Pernot, Maurice, born in 1875, he was a university professor and affiliated with the Cornlte de defense des interets francais en Orient. He died after 1945. His writings include Rapport sur un voyage o'etuae a Constantinople, en Egypte et en Turquie d'Asie, 1912 (1913), La question turque (1923), l.tnquietuoe de I'Orient (1927), and Balkans nouveaux (1929). NUC, pre-1956 Peroncel-Hugoz, Jean Pierre, born in 1940 at Marseille, he received a diploma in 1974 from I'lnstitut universitaire des hautes etudes internationales, Universite de Geneve for his dissertation Le royaume arabe, ou, I'Algerie sous Napoleon III. His writings include Le radeau de Mahomet (1983), its translation, The raft of Mohammed (1987), Un croix sur Ie Liban (1984), and Villes du Sud (1990). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Perowne, Stewart Henry, born 17 June 1901 at Worcester, England, he was a Cambridge graduate affiliated with the British Colonial Administration, and successively served in Palestine, Malta, Aden, and Iraq. He was awarded O.B.E. His writings include The One remains (1954), Jerusalem and Bethlehem (1965), The archaeology of Greece and the Aegean (1974), and Holy places of Christendom (1976). He died in London, 10 May 1989. Au&Wr, 1971; Bioln,16; BlueB, 1975, 1976; ConAu,14,128,3 new rev.; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977; Master (2); MideE, 1982/83; NYT 16 May 1981, p. B-6, col. 4; Who, 1974-1989; Who was who, 8; WrDr, 1976/78-1988/90

Peroz, Marie Etienne, colonel, born 12 August 1857 at Monthozon (Haute-SaOne), he enlisted in the army and advanced through the grades to become captain in 1886. A year later, he was awarded Legion d'honneur. He served in Senegal and the French Sudan, where he accomplished military, diplomatic, and scientific missions. His writings include Au Soudan fran(}ais; souvenirs de guerre et de mission (1891), Au Niger; recits de campagne, 1891-1892 (1894), Par vocation; vie et aventures d'un soldat de fortune, 1870-1895 (1905), and Hors de chemins battus; vie et aventures d'un soldat de fortune, 1896-1899 (1908). He died in Paris, 26 January 1910. IndexBFr2 (2); Henze Perpifia y Grau, Roman, born 10 September 1902 at Reus (Tarragona), he was from 1945 to 1955 a professor of economics at Madrid. He wrote De 10 liberal y de los pueblos (1975). IndiceE3(1) Perraud, Raymond, fl. 1910. He received a doctorate in 1901 from the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled Les associations d'individus; recherches d'individualisme normale. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Perrens, Francois Tommy, born 20 September 1822 at Bordeaux, he was a graduate of l'Ecole normale superieure in 1846 and successively became a professeur at Bourges, Lyon, and Montpellier. He received a doctorate in letters in 1853 and in 1862 joined the staff of l'Ecole polytechnique. His writings include Deux ans de revolution en Italie, 1848-1849 (1857), The history of Florence under the domination, 1434-1492 (1892), and La civilisation florentine du X/lie au XV/e stecte (1893). He died on 4 February 1901. BiD&SB; IndexBFr2 Perret, Robert, fl. 1932-1951, he was a French geographer affiliated with the Club alpin francais. BN Perricone Viola, Augusta, fl. 1936. Her writings include Ricordi somali (1935). NUC, pre-1956 Perrier, Francois, general, born 18 April 1834 at Valleraugue (Gard), he was a graduate of l'Ecole polytechnique and l'Ecole d'etat-major. In 1880, he was a French delegate to the Berlin conference for determining the new Turko-Greek boundary. His writings include La description geometrique de I'Algerie (1871-1875), and he was joint author of Jonction geodesique et astronomique de I'Algerie avec I'Espagne (1886). He died in 1888. IndexBFr2 (2) Perrin, Jean Marie Raymond, born 2 October 1932 at Paris, he was educated at the College Laperrine in Sidi Bel-Abbes, and the Lycee Louis-Ie-Grand, the Sorbonne, and l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes in Paris. He entered the diplomatic service, where he served as charge d'affaires in Iran from 1982 to 1985. WhoFr, 1985/86-2000 Perrin, Joseph, born 20 July 1906 at Lezlqueux (Loire), he was for twenty years a professeur at the Lycee de Roanne. He was a senator from COte-d'lvoire from 1956 to 1959 when, under the new constitution, his mandate expired. Hommes et destins, v. 9, p. 365 Perron, A., 1798-1876 see Perron, Nicolas Perron, Nicolas (or A. Perron, according to J. FOck, C, Brockelmann, and F. Sezgin), born 25 January 1798 at Langres (Haute-Marne). He practised medicine in Paris and concurrently pursued Arabic studies. When Clot Bey came to Paris in 1833 looking for staff for a medical school in Egypt, he engaged Perron for the Ecole de medecine d'Abou Zabel, of which he later became its director. He was a committed orientalist who had faith in the Orient, hoped for its regeneration, and for this end worked with a rare devotion. The establishment of an Arab-French medicine was his achievement. During his Cairo period he prompted Muhammad ibn 'Umar al-Tunisi to write his travel memoirs in Darfur and Waddai, of which he then published a French translation, Voyage au Ouaday, par Ie cheykh el-Tounsy (1851). After a good many years he returned to Paris. He had a second career in Algeria, where he became director of the College arabe-francals in Algiers, and later, inspector of the Ecoles arabes. His writings include De I'Egypte (1832), Femmes arabes devant et depuis l'islamisme (1858), and he translated Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi, Precis de jurisprudence musulmane, 6 vols (1848-1852), and 'Abd al-Wahhab al-Sha'rani, Balance de la loi musulmane (1870). He retired in Fontenay-auxRoses, near Paris, where he died 11 January 1876. Faucon, pp. 450-453; Feraud, pp. 392-398; Fuck, p. 203; Journal asiatique 7e serie, v. 8 (1876), pp. 28-29; Revue africaine 20 (1876),173-175

Perrone Compagni, Vittoria see Compagni, Vittoria Perrone

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Perrot, Charles Louis Paul, born 5 June 1883 at Romain (Doubs), he was educated at l'Ecole forrestiere and then served as a forest ranger in eastern France from 1908 to his retirement in 1945. He died in Besancon, 26 March 1977. IndexBFr2 (1) Perrot, Emile, born 14 August 1867 at Marcilly-sur-Seine (Marne), he was educated at the College de Sezanne and studied pharmacy at Paris, where he received a doctorate in natural sciences in 1899. He was a professor of pharmacy at the Universite de Paris from 1902 to 1914, when he became deputy director of the health service in the fourteenth Region (Lyon). Since 1927, he was a member of the Academie de medecine, Section de pharmacie. His writings include Les bois de la Cote d'lvoire (1921), and Sur les productions vegetables indigenes ou cuttivees de I'Afrique occidentale trenceiee (1929). He died in Paris, 16 September 1951. DBFC, 1954/55; IndexBFr2(2) Perrot, Georges, born 12 November 1832 at Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (Seine-et-Oise), he entered I'Ecole normale in 1852, and was a student at l'Ecole francaise d'Athenes from 1855 to 1858. In 1861, the government sent him on a mission to Asia Minor. He successively was a professeur at lycees in Anqoulerne, Orleans, Versailles, and Louis-Ie-Grand, Paris. In 1867, he received a doctorate from the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled Essai sur Ie droit public d'Athenes. In 1872, he was appointed a lecturer in Greek language and literature at l'Ecole normale, and in 1877 he became a professor of archaeology at the same institution. He was elected member of the Acadernie des inscriptions et belles-lettres in 1874, and nominated director of l'Ecole normale superieure in 1883. His writings include L'lIe de Crete (1867), and he was joint author of Exploration archeologique de la Galate et de la Bithynie (1862-1872). He was awarded commandeur of the Legion d'honneur in 1895. He died in Paris, 30 June 1914. BbD; BiD&DS; Curinier, vol. 3 (1901), pp. 3-4; Egyptology Perrot, Jean Joseph Francois, born 10 June 1920 at Landresse (Doubs), he studied art and archaeology at Paris, and spent the year 1945/46 with the Ecole biblique et archeoloqique francalse de Jerusalem. Thereafter he was a director of archaeological missions and excavations in the Middle East, and concurrently a visiting professor at Harvard and the University of Michigan. AnEIFr, 1997; WhoWor, 1982/83

Perrot, Paul Norman, born 28 July 1926 at Paris, he studied at the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University from 1946 to 1952. Thereafter he held a variety of posts as a director of American museums from 1959 to 1972. His writings include the booklet, A short history of glass engraving (1974). WhoAm, 1974-1999; WhoAmA, 1973-1995/961; WhoGov, 1972/73, 1977; WhoSSW, 1986-1991/92

Perrott, David L., born 20 November 1936, he was a sometime dean of the Faculty of Law in the University of Exeter. He was joint editor of Current issues in international business law (1988). LC Perroy, Edouard Marie Joseph, born 2 August 1901 at Grenoble, he was a historian and an authority on medieval English literature. He successively was a professor at Glasgow and London from 1924 to 1935, and at Lille and Paris from 1935 to 1971. His writings include Les croisades et I'Orient latin (1973). He died 26 July 1974. ConAu, 53-55; WhE&EA; WhoFr, 1959/60-1973/74 Perry, Ben Edwin, born 21 February 1892 at Fayette, Ohio, he was a graduate of the University of Michigan, and received a Ph.D. from Princeton in 1919 with a thesis on a classical subject. After serving short terms as instructor, successively at Urbana University School, Dartmouth College, and Western Reserve University, he went to the University of Illinois as assistant professor in the autumn of 1924, and remained until his retirement in 1960. Concurrently he was a visiting professor at American and Candian universities. A jubilee volume, Classical studies to Ben Edwin Perry, by his students and colleagues at the University of lIIinos, 1924-1960 (1969), contains a complete bibliography of his writings. He died in Urbana, 1 November 1968. Classical joumal64 (1968), pp. 143-144; ConAu, P-2; WhAm, 5; WhNAA

Perry, Charles M., born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis. He was joint author of Long-range bombers & the role of airpower in the new century (1995), and a joint editor of Strategic minerals and international security (1985), Selling the rope to hang capitalism (1987), and East-West relations in the 1990s; politics and technology (1989). LC Perry, Glenn Earl, born 28 January 1940 at Tedders, Ky., he received a Ph.D. in 1964 from the University of Virginia with a thesis entitled United States relations with Egypt, 1953-1963. In 1966 he was appointed a professor of political science at Indiana State University, Terre Haute, a post which he still held in 2000. He was affiliated with the Association of Arab-American University Graduates. His writings include The Middle East; fourteen Islamic centuries (1983), The Palestine question; annotated bibliography (1990), and he edited Palestine; continuing dispossession (1986). LC; NatFacDr, 1995.2000 Perry, Harold Arthur, born in 1850, he was a graduate of King's College, Cambridge, and called to the bar from Inner Temple in 1878. He was a barrister-at-Iaw whose writings include The future of justice Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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in Egypt (1881), its translation, L'avenir de la justice en Egypte (1881), and a number of translations

into Greek and Latin. He died in 1941. BlC; Britlnd (1)

Perry, John Robert, born 5 February 1942 at Manchester, he studied at Cambridge and Tehran, and received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Cambridge University with a thesis entitled Karim Khan Zand; a critical history based on contemporary sources. In 1993, he was a professor of Persian language and civilization at the University of Chicago, and a member of the Society for Iranian Studies, the American Oriental Society, and the Societas Iranologica Europea. He conducted fieldwork in Iran, Iraq, Tajikistan, and India. His writings include Karim Khan Zand; a history of Iran (1979), its translation into Persian in 1986, and Form and meaning in Persian vocabulary; the Arabic feminine ending (1991). Private; Schoeberlein; Sluglett

Perry, Ruth Mary nee Robinson, born 22 June 1901 at St. Louis, Mo., she was a graduate of Washington University, St. Louis, and successively was a reference librarian, and chief of reference, at Hoover Institution, Stanford University. Her writings include the booklet, A preliminary bibliography of the literatures of nationalism in Nigeria (1955). Who's who in library service 3 (1955) Perry, Sir Thomas Erskine, born 20 July 1806 at Wimbleton, he was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1829, and called to the bar from Inner Temple in 1829. Having lost the greater part of his fortune by the failure of a bank in 1840, he applied to the government for preferment and was appointed a judge at the Bombay Supreme Court. He died in London, 22 April 1882. Buckland; DcBiPP; DNB

Perry, Thomas Sergeant, born 23 January 1845 at Newport, R.1. After graduation from Harvard College with the class of 1866, he went to Europe for further study. He became a professor of literature. From 1872 to 1877 he was associated with the North American review. Virginia Harlow wrote Thomas Sergeant Perry; a biography and letters (1950). He died 7 May 1928. DAB; Master (12); WhAm,1

Perry, Whitall N., fl. 1967. His writings include Gurdjieff in the light of tradition (1978), and he was the compilor of A trasury of traditional wisdom (1971). lC Persell, Stuart Michael, born 16 May 1940, he was in 1995 a professor at the Department of History, California State University, San Bernardino, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include The French colonial lobby, 1889-1938 (1983). lC; NatFacDr, 1995-2000 Persen, William, born 16 September 1926 at Ann Arbor, Mich., he graduated from Harvard, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1953 with a thesis entitled Kondratii Ryleev, the poet and the revolutionary. He successively taught history at AUB, and worked for financial institutions in Beirut from 1953 to 1957. After his return to the States, he was a business executive and concurrently a visiting fellow at the Russian Research Centre, Harvard University. WhoE, 1973/74, 1975/76, 1977/78; WhoFI,1985/86 Pershits, Abram Isaakovich, born 1 March 1923 at Moscow, he graduated from Moscow State University in 1944, and earned a doctorate in 1971 for oceonoe u «o-eeoe o6w,ecmao CeapHou Apaauu a Hoaoe epee«. His writings include npo6neMbl ucmopuu nepecoumnoeo osuiecmee a coeeosoa smnoepeipuu (1956), Apa6bl Apeeuccxoeo nonyocmpoaa (1958), and he edited CyoaHcKue XpOHUKU (1984), and A6a3uHbl; ucmopuxo-emnoepeipucecxuc o-tep« (1989). Miliband; Miliband2 Persits, Moisei Aronovich, born in 1914 at Kursk, Russia, he graduated in 1939 from the Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History, Moscow, and received a doctorate in 1977 with a thesis entitled MHouucKafl peeoruouuonpen 3MMuapau,ufl a cmoene coeemoe U nesomopue npo6neMbl epOpMUpoeeuus KOMMKHucmUlieCKoao OaU>KeHUfl Ha Bocmose. His writings include Peeomouuonepu MHOUU a cmpene Coeemoe (1973), its translation, Revolutionaries of India in Soviet Russia (1983), Peeoniouuonnut) npou,ecc Ha Bocmoxe (1982), and he edited Hau,uoHanbHble U couuensnue OaU>KeHUfl Ha Bocmoxe (1986). Miliband; Milband2 Persius, Lothar, born 19 April 1864 at Kyritz, Prussia, he trained as a naval officer and served in the Philippines and the Far East, where, under a pseudonym, he published articles critical of Germany's colonial policy towards China. When the identity was discovered, he was recalled to Germany. He resigned in 1908 and started to write for liberal and pacifist journals. After the war, he was a contributor to the Weltbilhne and Menschheit. His writings include Der Seekrieg (1919), Menschen und Schiffe der kaiserlichen Flotte (1925), and Warum die Flotte versagte (1925). He died in Ascona, Switzerland in 1944. BiMoPl Person, Yves Erwan, born 1 or 12 October 1925 at Paris, he studied law, history, and African languages, and received a doctorate in 1970 for Samori; une revolution dynla. He started his career as an administrator with France d'Outre-mer. He successively served in Dahomey and Guinea from 1950 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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to 1958, and finally Ivory Coast, where, after its independence, he was responsible for systematically collecting oral traditions. His personal development led him from colonial adminis-tration by way of the C.N.R.S and the history department of the Unlversite de Dakar to the Sorbonne, where, jointly with likeminded former administrators, he initiated native African history in contradistinc-tion to the history of colonization as it was traditionally taught. In addition to his teaching and research, he was a busy political activist in pan-Celtic, socialist, and anti-imperialist movements. He was joint author of Der Sozialismus in den arabischen Lenaem und in Schwarz-Afrika (1984). He died 17 November 1982. Africa (London) 53 ii (1983), p. 74; African affairs 82 (1983), pp. 281-283; Hommes et des tins, YOI. 9, p. 366; Unesco

Persson, Sune 0., born in 1938, he received a doctorate in 1979 from Goteborg Universitet with a thesis entitled Meditation and assassination; Count Bernadotte's mission to Palestine in 1948. He was joint author of Palestinakonflikten (1974). LC Pertsch, LUdwig Carl Wilhelm, born 19 April 1832 at Coburg, he studied Oriental languages and earned a doctorate. He was librarian of the Herzogliche Bibliothek in Gotha from 1855 to 1883, when he became director of the library and other collections at Schlor1 Friedenstein in Coburg until his death on 17, 18 or 20 August 1899. He was a member of the Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. His writings include Die orientalischen Handschriften der Herzoglischen Bibliothek zu Gotha (1859-1878), Verzeichnis der persischen Handschriften der Koniglichen Bibliothek zu Berlin ((1888), and Verzeichnis der turkiscnen Handschriften der Koniglichen Bibliothek zu Berlin (1889). H. Roob and E. Rudolph published Wilhelm Pertsch, 1832-1899; der wissenschaftliche Briefnachlal3 des Gothaer Orientalisten und Bibliothekars (1984). ADtB, YOI. 53, pp. 18-19; KDtLK, 1895-1899; Stache-Rosen, p. 75 Pertusi, Agostino, born 19 April 1918 at Piacenza, Italy, he received degrees from the Unlverslta Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, where he later lectured in Byzantine philology, and became a chairman of department. His writings include Storiografia umanistica e mondo bizantino (1967), and he edited Venezia e I'Oriente fra tardo medioevo e rinascimento (1966), La Caduta di Constantinopoli (1976), and Miscellanea Agostino Pertusi (1981-1984). Chi e, 1961; Chi scrive; Wholtaly, 1980; WhoWor 1974/75, 1976/77

Perville, Guy, born 15 June 1948 at Villers-Saint-Paul (Oise), he taught history at Iycees in Paris and the Universite de Rouen until 1971, when he became a lecturer in modern history at the Universite de Limoges. He received a doctorate in 1980 from the Universite de Paris for entitled Les Etudiants musulmans algeriens de t'Universlte trenceise, 1908-1962. He wrote Les etudients algeriens de I'Universite trenceise 1880-1962 (1984), and he was joint author of Armees, guerre et politique en Afrique du nord, XIXe-XXe steeles (1977). EURAMES, 1993; THESAM,2; WhoWor, 1987/88 Pervlnqulere, Leon, born in 1873. His writings include Rapport sur une mission scientifique dans I'Extreme-Sud-tunisien (1912), and La Tripolitaine interdite - Ghadames (1912). He died in 1913. Perzyriskl, Friedrich, born 19th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1924 from the Universitat Hamburg with a thesis entitled Die Masken der Japanischen SchaubOhne. His writings include Von Chinas Gotiem; Reisen in China (1920). NUC, pre-1956 Pescador del Hoyo, Maria del Carmen, born 18 January 1911 at Guadalajara, Spain. After receiving a doctorate in history in 1936 she became an archivist and librarian. Her writings include EI santo rey Fernando III y su tierra de Zamora (1948), and Documentos de India s, siglos XV-XIX; catalogo (1954). He was still active in 1974. Ruiz C Pesce, Angelo, born in 1932 at scatan, he wrote Gemini space photographs of Lybia and Tibesti (1968), Clours of the Arab fatherland - Riyadh (1972), Jiddah; portrait of an Arabian city (1974), Taif, the summer capital of Saudi Arabia (1984); he was joint author of The camel in Saudi Arabia (1984), and he edited Makkah a hundred years ago, or, C. Snouk Hurgronje's remarkable albums (1986). LC Pescheux, Remson, 19h cent., a miscellaneous writer. His works include Kabiles, Maures, Arabes, ou leurs metiers, industries, arts, sciences, religion, ... avec traduction de legendes et chants ineaites (1853), Refutations algerienne. Vive I'Algerie! malgre la brocnure'tnotqenes et immtqmnts" (1863), and Refutation etqerienne. Esperance, Aigeriens! Suite a "vlve 1'Algerie (1863). BN U

Pesenti, Gustavo, born in 1878, his writings include Canti sacri e profani, danze e ritmi degli Arabi, dei Somali e dei Suaheli (1929), Alia scoperta del continente nero (1950), Euraffrica (1953), and Fronte Kenya (1953). NUC, pre-1956 Peshcherova (Peshchereva), Elena Mikhailovna, born in 1897 at Petrovo-Aleksandrovsk, she received a doctorate at Leningrad in 1961 with a thesis entitled Fonwepnoe npouseoocmeo Cpeoneu: Asuu. Her writings include 71aH06cKHe smnoeoedxuecxne uemepuenu (1976). She died 6 February 1985. Miliband; Miliband 2 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Peste, Octave, born in 1889 in Algeria, he received a doctorate in 1919 at Alger with a thesis entitled L'adoption en droit musulman. He was an administrator in Morocco and concurrently taught at law schools. Prompted by curiosity as well as appretiation of his Muslim surrounding, he explored the legal foundations of Islam. Together with Si Muhammad Tijani, he produced a new French translation of the Koran. This collaboration was exemplary of his method of investigation. He knew how to get his Muslim friends involved in his researches and compare his results to their points of view. His writings include Le contrat de safqa au Maroc (1932), La tneorie et la pratique des habous dans Ie rite malekite (1941), Le credit dans /'islam malekite (1942), Les fondements du droit musulman (1943), La tutel/e dans Ie chre et dans les legislations nord-africaines (1945), and La societe et Ie partage dans Ie rite meteklte (1948). He died 28 May 1947. Hespert« 36 (1949), pp. 1-2 Pessagno, Jerome Meric, born 7 April 1933 at Baltimore, Md., he was a graduate of the Catholic University of America and received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Yale University with a thesis entitled The Kitab al-Iman of Abu 'Ubayd al-Qasim b. Sal/am; a study of the Muslim struggle for a definition of faith. In 1988 he was appointed a professor of Islamic studies at Pace University, White Plains, N.Y., a position which he still held in 1995. NatFacDr, 1995; Selim; WhoE, 1986/87; WhoRel1992 Pesterev, legor, fl. 1825, he was a Russian land-surveyor who explored the Sayan Mountains from 1772 to 1781 as a boundary commissary. Henze Petchenko, IUrii Vladimirovich OOPLt1~ BIlaALt1MLt1pOBLt14 neT4eHKo), born 15 December 1928 at Leningrad, he graduated in 1956 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and he received his first degree in 1956 from his alma mater with a thesis entitled Hepoonoe eocmenue 1857-1859 8000e e I1HOUU npomue aH8nUUCK080 KonOHuanbH080 eneouuecmee. Miliband; Miliband2 Petech, Luciano, born 8 June 1914 at Trieste, he was a lecturer at Allahabad University from 1938 to 1940, when he successively became a lecturer in, and professor of, East Asian studies at the Istituto orientale di Napoli, and Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente di Roma. His writings include China and Tibet in the early eighteenth century (1950), Northern India according to the Shui-ching-chu (1950), I missionari italiani nel Tibet e nel Nepal (1952-56), Mediaeval history of Nepal (1984), Selected papers on Asian history (1988), Central Tibet and the Mongols (1990), and he was joint author of Asia centrale e Giappone (1981). In 1990 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Indo-sino-tibetica in onore di Luciano Petech. Chi e, 1961; Wholtaly, 1958; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77 Peter, Prince of Greece and Denmark, 1908-1980 see Petros, Prince of Greece and Denmark Peter, Joachim Heinrich, born 18 July 1899 at Berlin, he studied at Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1934 with a thesis entitled Die Probleme der Armut in den Lehren der Kameralisten. In 1928, he started working for the TOrkische Handelskammer in Germany. Thesis Peter, Wilhelm, born 24 July 1906 at Wien, he received a Dr.jur. from the Universitat Wien in 1928. He successively was a barrister-at-Iaw at Wien and Berlin. After war-time service, followed by two years in a prisoner of war camp, he became a lecturer in law of copyright and publishing at the Akademie fur darstellende Kunst, Wien, in 1947. His writings include Das osterreichische Urherberrecht samt den Bestimmungen (1954). DtBilnd (1) Petermann, August Heinrich, born 18 April 1822 at Bleicherode, Thuringia, he trained at Potsdam as a geographer, and later was employed as cartographer in Germany, Scotland, and England. Queen Victoria appointed him Physical Geographer Royal. In 1854 he returned to Germany as professor of geography at Gotha. In the following year he established Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen. He died in Gotha, 25 September 1878. ADtB; DcBiPP; DtBE; DtBiind (3); EncAm; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; GSE; WhWE

Petermann, Julius Heinrich, born 12 August 1801 at Glauchau, Saxony, he was appointed a professor of Oriental languages at Berlin in 1837. In the service of the Konigliche Bibliothek zu Berlin he travelled extensively in the Middle East from 1852 to 1855 for the purpose of manuscript acquisitions. At the same time, he collected much new material concerning the Samaritans, Maronites, Yezidis, and Mandeans in particular. From 1867 to 1868 he was consul at Jerusalem. His writings include Reisen im Orient 1852-1855; Levante, Mesopotamien, Persien (1860-61). In the series, Porta lingua rum orientalium, he published grammars of Arabic, Aramaic, Hebrew, and Samaritan. He died in Bad Nauheim, 10 June 1876. DcBiPP; Embacher; FOck Peters, Carl, born 27 September 1856 at Neuhaus an der Elbe, Germany, he was educated at Gottingen, TObingen, London, and Berlin. He had a brief teaching career. In 1884 he founded the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft, Berlin, and led an expedition to Central Africa, where he raised the German flag. He was granted the first imperial charter in German history, founded German East Africa

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in 1885, and continued annexing more colonial territory until 1888. From 1889 to 1890, he led the German relief expedition in search of Emin Pasha. He later was accused of cruel treatment of Africans, recalled to Berlin, and dismissed. He went to London, founded an exploration company, and from 1899 to 1901 explored the region between Zambesi and Sabi. His writings include Willenswelt und Weltwille (1883), Deutsch-national; kolonialpolitische Aufsatze (1887), Die deutsche Emin Pascha Expedition (1891), and Lebenserinnerungen (1918). His New light on dark Africa (1891) has been translated into several languages. He died 10 September 1918. DtBE; DtBiind (14); EncAm; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; Henze; Pallas; RNL

Peters, Curt, fl. 1942, he received a Dr.phil. in 1935 from the Universttat MOnster for Peschittha und Targumim des Pentateuchs; ihre Beziehungen untersucht im Rahmen ihrer Abweichungen vom masoretischen Text. His writings include Das Diatessaron Tatians; seine Oberlieferung und sein Nachwirken im Morgen- und Abendland, sowie der Stand seiner Forschung (1939). GV Peters, Eckart Wilhelm, born about 1940, he received a doctorate in 1975 from the Technische Universitat Hannover with a thesis entitled AIi§am; ein Beitrag zur anonymen Kerpi9-Architektur in Ostanatolien. Schwarz Peters, Emrys Lloyd, born 16 October 1916 at Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, he studied human geography at Aberystwyth before the war, during which he served in the desert with the Royal Air Force. His first year's field work in 1948 was among the Bedouin of Cyrenaica. In October 1949 he returned there and remained until mid-December 1950. During these periods he lived for two years among the more southern and mobile sections of the Cyrenaica tribes. After he finished his D.Phii degree at Oxford in 1951 with his thesis, The sociology of the Bedouin of Cyrenaica, he became a temporary lecturer at Cambridge until 1952, when he went to the Department of Social Anthropology and Sociology at Manchester as a professor, and from 1968 to his retirement in 1984, was also its chairman. A collection of his published papers in addition to three unpublished ones as well as a chapter of his thesis was published under the title, The Bedouin of Cyrenaica in 1990. He died 16 February 1987. Index Islamicus (2); Sluglett; Unesco

Peters, Francis Edward, born 23 June 1927 at N.Y.C., he was a graduate of St. Louis University, and received a Ph.D. in 1961 from Princeton with a thesis entitled Aristoteles Arabus; the oriental translations and commentaries on the Aristotelian corpus. In 1937 he was appointed a professor at, and later chairman of, the Department of Near Eastern Languages, Literature and History in New York University, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Greek philosophical texts (1967), Aristotle and the Arabs (1968), Allah's commonwealth (1973), Ours, the making and unmaking of a Jesuit (1981), Jerusalem (1985), Jerusalem and Mecca (1987), Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (1990), The distant shrine; the Islamic centuries in Jerusalem (1993), The hajj (1994), and Muhammad and the origins of Islam (1994). ConAu, 73-76, new rev., 12; DrAs, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 P; LC; Selim Peters, James, he was the author of Simple etiquette in Arabia (1977), Ve!}' simple Arabic (1980), The Arab world handbook (1989), and he was joint author of Arabic contributions to the English vocabula!}' (Toronto,1973). LC Peters, Johannes Reinier Theodorus Maria, born 1 October 1940 at Nijmegen, he studied at Nijmegen and Beirut, and received a doctorate in 1976 from the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen with a thesis entitled God's created speech; a study in the speculative theology of the Mu'tazili. He taught Arabic and Islamic studies at his alma mater since 1977. His writings include his inaugural lecture, 25 October 1979, De wijze boeman uit het Westen; een arabische visie op de cultuur (1979). LC; Wie is

wie, 1984-88, 1994-96; WhoWor, 1991/92

Peters, John Punnett, born 16 December 1852 at N.Y.C., he was a Yale graduate and received his Ph.D. in 1876. He entered the ministry in the same year. From 1879 to 1883 he studied at Berlin and Leipzig. Since 1895 he was successively a professor of Biblical studies at Philadelphia, Pa., and Sewanee, Tenn. He led excavations in Mesopotamia, and travelled and explored in Palestine. He died in N.Y.C., 10 November 1921. DAB; EncAm; Master (7); NCCN; Shavit; WhAm, 1, 13 Peters, Ruud (Rudolph), he received a doctorate at Amsterdam in 1979 and in 1989 started his academic career at the Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, Universiteit van Amsterdam. His writings include Jihad in mediaeval and modern Islam; the chapter on jihad from Averroes' ... and Mahmud Shaltut (1977), Islam and colonialism (1979), its Persian translation in 1986, and he was joint editor of The challenge of the Middle East; Middle Eastern studies at the University of Amsterdam (1982). EURAMES, 1993; MESA Roster of member, 1990 Peters, William Wesley, born 12 June 1912 at Terre Haute, Ind., he was educated at Evansville College and M.I.T. He acted as job architect, structural engineer and consultant to Frank Lloyd Wright Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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until the latter's death in 1959, when he took over the projects that Wright left unfinished. AnObit, 1991;

Bioln 8,9,17; NYT 18 July 1991, p. B-8, cols. 4-5; WhAm, 10; WhoWor, 1974/75

Petersen, Erling Ladewig see Ladewig Petersen, Erling Petersen, Wilhelm Konstantin Frommhold, born 12 June 1854 at Leal, Estonia, he studied zoology at the Unlversltat Dorpat. In 1881 he made a scientific journey to Turkestan and Persia, and in 1882 to the Caucasus and Armenia. From 1884 to 1915 he was successively a secondary school teacher and principal at Reval. His writings include Aus Transkaukasien und Armenien; Reisebriefe (Leipzig, 1885), Beitrage zur Morphologie der Lapidopteren (St. Petersburg, 1900), and Fauna Baltica (Reval, 1890). He died in Nornrne near Reval, 3 February 1933. Baltisch (4) Peterson, John Everett, born 9 December 1947, he conducted field-work in Oman and the Persian Gulf, 1974-75, and received a Ph.D. in 1977 from Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. In 1983, he was a Thronton D. Hooper Fellow in international affairs at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pa., and in 1993, he was affiliated with the Government of Oman. His writings include Oman in the twentieth century (1978), Yemen; the search for a modern state (1982), Defending Arabia (1986), The Arab Gulf states; steps toward political participation (1988), and Historical dictionary of Saudi Arabia (1993). Directory of BRISMES members, 1993; MESA Roster of members, 1990

Peterson, Samuel Randolph, born 21 April 1929 at Stone Canyon, Cal., he was an architect who received a Ph.D. in fine art from New York University in 1981. WhoWest, 1974/75-1980/81 Petheram, William Comer, Sir, born in 1835, he was called to the bar from Middle Temple in 1869 and successively served as chief justice of North West Provinces of India, and of Bengal, from 1884 to 1896. He was for two years a vice-chancellor of Calcutta University. His writings include The law and practice relating to discovery by interrogatories under the Common law procedure act, 1854 (1864). He died in London, 15 May 1922. Buckland; Riddick; Who was who, 2 Petherbridge, Guy T., born in 1944, he was joint author of Islamic bindings & bookmaking; a catalogue (1981), and he edited Conservation of library and archive materials and the graphic arts (1987). LC Petherick, John, born 9 May 1813 in Glamorganshire, he became a mining engineer. In 1845 he entered the service of Muhammad Ali, and was employed in an unsuccessful search for coal in Upper Egypt, Nubia, and Kordofan. In 1848 he left the Egyptian service and settled in EI Obeid as a trader, dealing in gum arabic, and concurrently acted as British consular agent for the Sudan. In 1853 he transferred his activities to the ivory trade in the Khartum area, where he travelled extensively. After a visit to England, he returned in 1861 for four more years, this time with the rank of consul. His writings include Egypt, the Sudan and Central Africa (1861), and, jointly with his wife, Katherine Harriet Edlman (1827-1877), Travels in Central Africa (1869). He died in London, 15 July 1882. Egyptology; Embacher; EncBrit; Henze; Hill

Pethick-Lawrence, Frederick William, Baron, born 28 December 1871 at London, he was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained firsts in the mathematical and natural science tripos. He was elected a Fellow of Trinity, but decided to forego an academic career for social work. He was called to the bar from Inner Temple in 1899. Although he inherited a fortune two years later, he worked at the university settlement in Canning Town in the East End of London. He defended suffragettes, went to prison, was a conscientious objector, elected to Parliament, and led an official mission to India. His writings include The gold crisis (1931), and Fate has been kind (1943). He died in London, 10 September 1961. Bioln, 14; DNB; GrBr; Master (2); Riddick; WhE&EA; Who was who, 6 Petis de la Croix, Francois, born in 1653 at Paris, he was the son of the Arabic interpreter of the French court by the same name, and inherited this office at his father's death in 1695. At an early age he was sent by Louis XIV's minister, Colbert, to the Orient. During the ten years he spent in Syria, Persia and Turkey he mastered Arabic, Persian and Turkish, and also collected rich materials for future writings. He served a short time as secretary to the French ambassador in Morocco, and accompanied as interpreter the French forces sent against Alger, contributing to the satisfactory settlement of the treaty of peace, which was drawn up by himself in Turkish and ratified in 1684. He conducted the negotiations with Tunis and Tripoli in 1685, and those with Morocco in 1687; and the zeal, tact and linguistic knowledge he manifested in these and other transactions with Eastern courts were at last rewarded in 1692 by his appointment to the chair of Arabic in the College Royal de France, which he held until his death on 4 December 1713. His writings include Contes turcs (1707), and Les Mille et un jours (1710-12); but his lasting monument of his literary fame rests on his French version of Sharaf ai-Din 'Ali Yazdi's Zarafnamah or History of Timur (1723), and its English translation in 1723. BbD; BiD&SB; EncBrit; Gabriel, pp. 52-60; GDU; Revue de /'Occident musulman et de la Mediterranee 25 (1978), pp. 89-101

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Petit, Ernest, 1835-1918, a medievalist who published a nine-volume Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne (1885-1905). NUC, pre-1956 Petit, Jacques, born 14 April 1919 at Chateauroux (Indre), he spent two years of his youth in Syria and came back with memories of the unspoiled olden days. Throughout the turmoil of the inter-war years and occupation, he successively studied medicine at Bordeaux, Lyon, and Pau, and thereafter served jointly with his wife for thirty-five years as an all-round physician in French Equatorial Africa. As an eager amateur archaeologist, luck would have it that he discovered a 4500-year old skull at the Arlit hospital site. Further excavations led him to establish a small Saharan neolithic museum. Four years after his retirement, he died in Mouguerre, 12 September 1986. Hommes et destins, vol. 9, pp. 368-369 Petit, John Louis, born 31 May 1801, he was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, and took holy orders in 1824, without entering into parochial work. Instead he turned to sketching, particularly early churches in England and the continent. He was a learned writer, but was best known as an artist. His writings include Remarks on church and architecture (1841). He died in 1838. DcBiPP; DNB; Master (2) Petit, Joseph, born 19 December 1924 at Paris, he received a diploma from the Faculte de droit de Paris, and then pursued studies at I'lnstitut d'ethnologie and l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, Paris. He was a sometime head of Hoggar-Tibesti missions as well as ethno-sociological directeur d'etudes at the Centre d'Etudes et d'information des problernes humaines dans les zones arides, Paris. He was joint author of Tefedest; meheree au Sahara centrale (1953), and its translation Mountains in the desert (1954). Unesco Petit, Maxime, born 1 December 1858 at Melle (Deux-Sevres), he was educated at the Lycee de La Rochelle and the Facutte de droit de Paris. He was a sometime administrative head of the Ministere des Finances before he became avocat general in the Court des Comptes, Paris.. He was awarded officer of the Legion d'honneur. His writings include Les colonies trencetsee (1902), and Histoire de France contemporaine de 1871 a 1913 (1916). He died in 1939. NUC, pre-1956; Quietes-vous, 1924 Petit, Odette, born 29 November 1926 at Cairo, she received a diploma in Arabic from the Universite de Paris and continued further study at Tunis and the Institut des etudes islamiques, Paris. In 1963, she was affiliated with the Service de recherches pedaqoqiques pour les pays en voie de developpement, Institut pedaqoqique, Paris, and in 1993, she was a directeur de laboratoire at the College de France. She received a doctorat d'etat in 1980 from the Universite de Paris III with a thesis entitled Contribution a t'etuoe des rapports entre la langue et la culture arabe. Her writings include Laghouat; essai d'histoire sociale (1976), a work which was originally submitted in 1967 as a thesis at l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, Paris, Presence de /'islam dans la langue arabe (1982), and she was joint author of La poesie arabe classique (1989). EURAMES, 1993; THESAM, 1; Unesco Petkovle, Ranko, he received a doctorate at Beograd with a thesis entitled Neutralnost u politickom i pravnom poretku Ujedinjenih nacija. He was a sometime editor-in-chief of the Yugoslav journal Intern ationale Politik. His writings include Nesvrstavanje u savremenim meaunercanim uslovima, its translations, Nichteinordnung unter den gegenwartigen Bedingungen (1968), and Non-alignment in the contemporary world (1968), Balkan ni "bure berute" ni "zone mire" (1978), Velike sile i politika nesvrstavanja (1979); he edited Moslems in Yugoslavia (1985), and Anticolonial revolution, social, political and economic emancipation in the world (1986). LC Petonnet, Colette, born 20th cent., her writings include Ces qens-l« ... (1968), its translation, Those people; the subculture of a housing project (1973), Espaces habites; ethnologie des banlieues (1982), On est toujours dans Ie brouillard; ethnologie des banlieues (1985), and she was joint editor of Chemins de la ville; enqueies ethnologiques (1987). LC Petracek, Karel, born 6 February 1926 at Praha, he pursued Oriental studies at Universita Karlova, Praha, where he received a doctorate in 1951 with a thesis entitled a/-Ahwas aI-Ansari. Since 1950 he taught Arabic, Ethiopic, and South Semitic philology at the University's Faculty of Philosophy. For many years he was a contributing editor to Archiv ortenteinl and Novy Orient. Apart from translations from modern and classical Arabic, as well as popular treatments of scholarly subjects, his writings include Drei Studien uber die sadsemitiscbe Volkspoesie (1966), and AItagyp tisch, Hamitosemitisch und ihre Beziehungen zu einigen Sprachfamilien in Afrika und Asien (1988). He died in Praha, 1 July 1987. Archiv ottentetnl, 56 (1988), pp. 257-266

Petragnani, Enrico, fl. 1922, he spent four years in captivity in Fezzan and wrote /I Sahara tripolitano (1928). NUC, pre-1956 Petras, James Frank, born 17 January 1937 at Lynn, Mass., he was appointed in 1973 a professor of sociology at S.U.N.Y, Binghamton, a post which he still held in 2000. He also was a sometime director Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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of the Institute of Mediterranean Studies, Athens. His writings include The Eritrean revolution and contemporary world politics (1977), and he was joint author of U.S. hegemony under siege (1990). AmW&WS, 1973, 19785; ConAu 61, new rev., 7, 22; NatFacDr, 2000

Petrascheck, Walter Emil, born 1 March 1906 at Wien, he was professor of geology at Montanische Hochschule Leoben, and since 1949 affiliated with the universities of Ankara and Istanbul. In 1962 he was a visiting professor at Cairo. He travelled extensively in the Middle East. His writings include Mineralische Bodenscnetze (1970). He died 30 October 1991. KOrschner, 1950-1992; Teichl Petrashevskii, Ignatii Valtazarovich, 1796 or 7-1869 see Pietraszewski,lgnacy Petri, Eduard IUI'evich, born in 1854 near St. Petersburg, Russia, he studied medicine at St. Petersburg and Bern, where he received a doctorate in 1883. He remained for four more years as a professor of geography and anthropology until 1887, when he was invited to St. Petersburg. He travelled extensively in Central Asia and the Ural Mountains. He translated from the Russian of Ivan L. IAvorskii, Reise der russischen Gesandtschaft in Afghanistan und Buchara in den Jahren 1878-79 (1885), and N. M. IAdrintsev's Sibirien (1886). He died in St. Petersburg, 10 October 1898 or 1899. LC Petri, Winfried E., born in 1914, he received a doctorate in 1943 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Die zweite Risa/a des Abu Dulaf He was joint author of the booklet, Der Mond; Kulturgeschichte und Astronomie (1962). Schwarz Petrich, Walter Franz, born 27 September 1892 at Krojanke (Krajenka), Germany, he was educated at SchneidemOhl, and studied law and Oriental languages at the universities of Berlin, Riga, and Greifswald. He earned a certificate as interpreter for Turkish at the Seminar fur Orientalische Sprachen, Berlin, and received a Dr.jur. in 1919 from the Universitat Greifswald with a thesis entitled Der osmanische Sultan; Versuch einer Einzeldarstellung nach dem osmanischen Recht. Concurrently with his bar admission, he became affiliated with the German Foreign Office. His writings include commentaries to the judicial legislation of occupied Germany in the late 1940s. Schwarz; Thesis Petrocchi, Massimo, born 28 November 1918 at Tivoli (Roma), he successively was a professor of history at the universities of Messina and Napoli. His writings include La restaurazione, if cardinale Consalvi e la riforma del 1816 (1941), Miti e suggestioni nella storia europea (1950), and La politica della Santa Sede di fronte all'invasione ottoman a, 1444-1718 (1955). Chi e, 1957, 1961; IndBI (1); Vaccaro;

Wholtaly, 1958

Petropulos, John Anthony, born 19 December 1929 at Lewsiton, Me., he was a Yale graduate and received his Ph.D. in 1963 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Political parties, statecraft and the politics of absolutism in the Kingdom of Greece, 1833-44. He was a professor of Balkan and Middle Eastern history at Amherst College since 1958, a post which he still held in 1995. Contemporary authors, 25-28; Directory of American scholars, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H

Petros, Prince of Greece and Denmark, born 3 December 1908 at Paris, he received a doctorate in 1934 at Paris for Les Cooperatives agricoles danoises et Ie mercne extetieur. He was an anthropologist whose writings include The "etemet questkm;" a study of the present-day world trends (1952), and A Study of polyandry (1963). He died in London, 15 October 1980. Dansk biografisk leksikon, 3d ed.

(1979-84); EEE; LC

Petrosian, IUrii Ashotovich, born 20 July 1930 at Rostov-on-Don, he graduated in 1952 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and received a doctorate in 1970 with a thesis entitled Mnaaomypeu,Koe oeuxenueo. He was a professor and director, Institute of Oriental Studies, Leningrad. His writings include U3MUP (1973), ,apeeHuu aopoo Ha 6epeaax 50cepopa (1986), OCMaHcKafi uunepu» (1990), and he was joint author of ncmoou« npoceetuenun e Typu,uu (1965). Miliband; Miliiband2 Petrosov, IUrii Ashotovich, fl. 1977, he was joint editor of BHewHe3KOHOMUl/eCKUe CBfl3U OCMaHcKou uuneouu e HOBoe eoeu»; KOHeu, XVIII-Hal/ana XX e. (1989). LC Petrov, Dmitrii Konstantinovich, born in 1872, he was a professor of Romance languages at St. Petersburg University. His studies in Spanish literature encompassed the Arabic literature of Moorish Spain. For the purpose of better understanding its relation to Troubadour poetry, late in his career he started to learn Arabic from Baron V. Rosen. In 1914 he published an edition of Ibn Hazm's Thawq a/hamamah, from which translations into English, Russian, and German followed suit. He died in 1925. FOck,p. 305; Index Islamicus (1); Krachkovskii, p. 139

Petrov, Georgii Mikhailovich, born in 1901 at Chardzhu, Turkmenistan, he graduated in 1933 at Leningrad. From 1936 to his death on 14 January 1962 he was a research fellow at the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. Miliband; Miliband2

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Petrov, Mikhail Platonovich, born 26 September 1906 at Zuyevka, Russia, he received a doctorate in biological sciences, and was a professor of geography at Leningrad since 1958. His writings include 5u6nuoapacjJuR no eeoepetpuuMpaHa ..., 1720-1954 (1955). He died 6 June 1978. LC; WhoSocC, 1978 Petrov, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, born in 1908 at Bavleny Kineshemsk, he graduated in 1933 in Chinse studies from the Leningrad Oriental Institute, and was since 1938 a research fellow at the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. Miliband; Miliband2 Petrov, Nikolai Egorovich, born in 1929, his writings include f1KYU,KUtJ R3b/K (1958), 0 COHOep>KaHutJ U 06bbeMe «suxoeot: MooanbHocmu (1982), MooanbHb/e cnoee a RKyU,KOM R3b/Ke (1984), and he edited f13b/KU HapooHocmetJ Ceaepa; neKCUKa, monOHUMUKa (1988), and f13b/KU HapooHocmetJ Ceaepa; apaMMamuKa, ouenekmonoeun (1989). LC Petrov, Pavel IAkovlevich, born in 1814 at St. Petersburg, he studied Oriental languages, particularly Indian languages, from 1828 to 1832 at Moscow. Encouraged by Chr. M. Frahn, he studied Islamic languages from 1834 to 1838 at the Professorskii Institut, St. Petersburg. In 1841 he was appointed to the newly established professorship of Sanskrit at Kazan, a post which he held until 1852, when accepted the chair of Oriental languages at Moscow, teaching not only Sanskrit but also Arabic and Persian. From 1863 until his retirement he was a professor of comparative grammar of Indo-European languages. He was joint author of Mamepianb/ on» ucmopin nUCbMeH eocmounux (1855). He died in 1875. EnSlovar; Krachkovskii, pp. 152-155 Petrov, Petr Ivanovich, born in 1884 at St. Petersburg, he graduated in 1910 from the Faculty of Oriental languages, St. Petersburg, and received a doctorate in 1965 with a thesis entitled 3aaoeeemensnue noxoob/ Haoup-waxa a MHOUIO U cpeoneesueuuue xencmee e oceetuenuu MyxaMMaoKesune. He died 26 December 1971. Miliband; Miliband2 Petrov, Petur Khristov, born 31 july 1924 in Bulgaria, he received a doctorate and became a professor of history at Sofia. His writings include AcuMunamopcKama nonumuse Ha mypcsume seeoeeemenu (1962), no cneoume Ha necunuemo (1972), KbM esoxe Ha 6e3Mbpmuemo (1970), Cbo60HOCHU eekoee sa 6bnaapcKama neooonocm; KpaR Ha XVI eeK-1912 a. (1975), and 06pa3yeaHe Ha 6bnaapcxeme oepseee (1981). EnBulg; LC Petrov, Victor (Viktor) Porfirievich, born 22 March 1907 at Harbin, China, he received a Ph.D. in 1954. He was a professor at United States Naval colleges and ended his career as a professor of geography at California State University, Los Angeles. His writings include Mongolia, a profile (1970), and China, emerging world power (1976). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1976 P; ConAu, 21-24, new rev., 10,26,51; Master (1) Petrova, Jana, fl. 1979, her writings include Pocit vykofenenosti jako dedictvI kolonialismu (Praha, 1974). LC Petrova, Liudmila Andreevna, fl. 1973, she edited Cnoeep» mepuunoe no uemennoeeoeuun U mepMUlfeCKotJ 06pa60mKe Ha -temuoe» R3b/Kax (1989), Mup Haoup 3etJHanoe (1991), and she was joint editor of PaHHRR pvccse» nupuke (1988). LC Petrovic, Durdica, fl. 1975 at Beograd, her writings include Narodna arhitektura; doksati i cardaci (1955), Dubrovecko oruije U 14. veku (1976), and she was joint author of Narodna umetnost (1983). Petrovskii, Nikolai Feodorovlch, born 30 November 1837. After a military education, he was for many years a Russian consul at Kashgar, where he collected an important library of Central Asian manuscripts for the St. Petersburg Library. He was also an Arabist and, in 1894, he published an enlarged Russian edition of Aloys Sprenger's Die Post- und Reiserouten des Orients, entitled Ilpeenu« apa6cKue OOpO>KHUKU no cpeoneeeuemcnm uecmnocmnv, exooRw,uM e necmomuee epeMR e cocmee pyCCKUX eneaenuti. He died 19 November 1908. BiobibSOT, pp. 236-237; Krachkovskii, pp. 187-188 Petrucci, Raphael, born 14 October 1872 at Napoli, he earned a doctorate, and, in 1896, went to Belgium, where he was soon appointed to the newly established chair of estnetique positiviste at l'Universite nouvelle de Bruxelles. From 1902 he was also affiliated with the Institute de Sociologie pres de l'Universite de Bruxelles. In the wake of the war, he went to England in 1914, but returned the following year to participate in the war. In June he was obliged to resign his post at a front-line military hospital for reason of not being a native Belgian. He went to Paris, where he was designated for a chair at I'lnstitut des Hautes Etudes, College de France, but he died of diphtheria on 17 February 1917, before delivering his inaugural lecture. His writings include La philosophie de la nature dans l'ett d'Extreme-Orient (1911). BioNBelg, vol. 33, cols., 583-90 Petrushevskii, lI'ia Pavlovich, born in 1898 at Kiev, he was in 1947 appointed a professor of history at Leningrad. His writings include 3eMneoenue U eeoeouue omnoiueuun e MpaHe XIII-XVeeKoe (1960), Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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its Persian translation in 1976, ncne» 8 MpaHe 8 VII-XVaeKax (1966), and its translation, Islam in Iran (1985). He died 18 March 1977. Miliband; Miliband2 ; WhoSocC, 1978

Petry, Carl Forbes, born 29 June 1943 at Camden, N.J., he received a Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of Michigam with a thesis entitled Geographic origins and residence patterns of the 'ulama' of Cairo in the fifteenth century. In 1975 he was appointed a professor of history at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include The civilian elite of Cairo in the later middle ages (1981), and Protectors or Praetorians? (1994). ConAu,106; DrAS, 1978 H, 1982 H; IntAu&W, 1986, 1989; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr,1995-2000; WhoMW, 1994/95

Petsopoulos, Yanni, born 20th cent., his writings include Kilims, flat-woven tapestry rugs (1979), Kilims; the art of tapestry weaving in An atolia, the Caucasus and Persia (1979), Der Kelim; ein Handbuch (1980), and he edited Tulips, arabesques & turbans; decorative arts from the Ottoman Empire (1982). LC Pettengill, Robert Bunnell, born 6 March 1904 at N.Y.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1934 from Stanford University. Since 1966 he was a professor of economics at S.U.N.Y., Albany. His writings include Price economics (1948), and Can cities survive? (1974). AmM&WS, 1973 S Pettit, Florence E., fl. 1968, her writings include Shrines of psychic power; a spiritual pilgrimage (Wellington,1974). LC Pettit, Henry Jewett, born 8 December 1906 at Olean, N.Y., he graduated at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., with the class of 1935, and received his Ph.D. in 1938 with a thesis entitled A history of Young's Night thoughts. From 1940 he was a professor of English at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

ConAu, 1-4; DrAS, 1974, 1978 E; Master (1); WhoWest, 1976-1989/90; WhoWor, 1984-1989/901

Pettus, William Bacon, born 28 August 1880 at Mobile, Ala., he was a graduate of Columbia University and also studied at the Orientalisches Seminar, Universitat Berlin. From 1906 to 1942 he was secretary of the International Committee of the YMCA of North America. He was predominantly involved in Far Eastern missionary work. He died in Oakland, Cal., 8 December 1959. Shavit - Asia; WhAm, 3 Petzholdt, Georg Paul Alexander, born 29 January 1810 at Dresden, he completed his medical study with a doctorate in 1833, and subsequently practised in Dresden, but later pursued an interest in natural sciences. He was instrumental in establishing a chair of mineralogy at Leipzig, and a chair of agricultural chemistry at the Forstakademie Tharandt. From 1846 to 1872 he was a professor of agriculture and technology at Dorpat. His writings include Der Kaukasus; eine naturhistorische so wie land- und volkswirthschaftliche Studie, ausgefOhrt im Jahre 1863 und 1864 (1866-67), and Turkestan; auf Grundlage einer im Jahre 1871 unternommenen Bereisung des Landes (1871). He died in Freiburg im Breisgau, 5 May 1889. DtBE Peucker, Karl, born 15 May 1859 at Bojanowo, Prussia, he studied German literature, history, philosophy and particularly geography at the universities of Berlin and Breslau, and received a doctorate in geography in 1890. Since 1891 he was resident in Wien, where he was head of the geographical and cartographical section at the art and map publishing house of Artaria & Co. He died in Wien, 23 July 1940. DtBE; KUrschner, 1931 Peut, Hippolyte, fl. 1852, he was an editor of the Annales de la colonisation algerienne, and author of Littoral trenceis de fa Mediterranee et pleces justittcettves (1879). NUC, pre-1956 Pevsner, Sir Nikolaus Bernhard Leon, born 30 January 1902 at Leipzig, he studied at Berlin, Frankfurt and MOnchen, and received a Dr.phil. degree in 1924 from the Universitat Leipzig with a thesis entitled Die Baukunst in der Barockzeit in Leipzig. He was a lecturer at Gottingen from 1929 to 1933 and a professor of history of art at the University of London from 1944 to 1969. He was known as a tireless researcher and writer, sometimes working a seven-day, ninety-hour week. He died in 1983. AnObit,

1983; BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ChambrBrBi; ConAu, 9-12, 100, new rev. 7, 64; EncJud; IntWW, 1974-1983/84; KUrschner, 1931; Master (8); Who, 1959-1983; Who was who, 8; WhoWor, 1974/75; WrDr, 1976/78-1984/86

Pevzner, Sergei Borisovich, born 11 May 1924 at Leningrad, he graduated in 1949 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and afterwards was affiliated with the Ermitage Museum. He was joint editor of M36paHHble mpyobl (1985), and he translated seeoeeenue Eaunma, an-Maapu6a u en-Anoenvcs of Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam (1985), and Fipeeune oueenoe of A. b. al-M. Ibn Mammati (1990). Miliband; Miliband2 Peyerimhoff (de Fontenelle), Marie Joseph Hercule Henri, born 19 September 1871 at Colmar (AIsace). Although his secondary studies at Nancy qualified him for admission to the Ecole polytechnique, he was refused admission on account of thoracic insufficiency. He therefore studied law and philosophy and received a doctorate in law in 1891 from the Ecole des sciences politiques. A year later, he entered the Conseil d'Etat. In 1898 he went to Algeria as a junior official, but in 1902 he Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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became director of the Services econornlques de l'Algerie, which included agriculture, lands and forests, trade, labour, and colonization. After his return to metropolitan France in 1906, he resigned the following year and pursued a career as industrialist. He served as secretary-general of the Cornite central des houilleres de France, and gradually entered the higher administrative echelons of great companies like the Union des mines marocains, and the Societe houillere de Sarre et Moselle. After World War two, he was instrumental in the nationalization of coal-mines. Four months before his death on 21 July 1953 he was elected member of the Acadernie des sciences morales et politiques. Bioln,3; IndexBFr 2 (2); NDBA; Qui etes-vous. 1924

Peyerimhoff (de Fontenelle), Marie Paul de, born 15 October 1873 at Colmar (Alsace), he spent all his career in Algeria, where he became inspector-general of lands and forests. He carried out several scientific missions in Arabia, Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. On account of his research on coleopterans he was elected a corresponding member of the Academie des Sciences in 1938. From 1940 to 1941 he was president of "le Secours francais a Alqer." His writings include Mission scientifique du Hoggar, envoyee de tevrier a mai 1928 (Alger, 1931). He died in Paris, 2 January 1957. DBFC, 1954-55; NDBA

Peyrard, Georges, he was in 1977 an assistant at the Faculte de droit at the Universite Jean-Moulin (Lyon III). Note Peyre, Roger, born in 1848 at Pau (Pyrenees-Atlantiques), he completed degrees in law and liberal arts, and became a teacher of history at the Lycee Charlemagne in Paris. His writings include Histoire general de t'entiqult«; Orient, Grece, Rome (1887). BN; LC Peyrega, Jacques, fl. 1947, he was a sometime professor at l'Ecole superieure des sciences economiques in the Universite de Ouagadougou. His writings include Crise moneteire ou crise du capitalisme? Inflation et croissance (1977), and Vers une analyse cybemetique des systemes socioeconomiques (1985). LC Peyrol, the pseudonym of Manuele Nivaggioli, born 27 August 1937 at Ajaccio, and divorced from Mohammed Chadli Lakhder. She was educated at the lycee francais in SaarbrOcken, Germany, the Iycee de Versailles, and studied at the universities of SaarbrOcken and Paris. She was a cultural counsellor to the Ministere de la Culture de Tunisie, 1963 to 1970, and a correspondent to Ie Monde for Tunisia. Her writings include Le temps des enchanteurs (1960), La cage (1962), Journal d'une mere indigne (1977), and Dames a I'ouvrage (1978). WhoFr, 1979/80 Peyron, Michael, born in 1935 at Cannes of an English mother and a French father, he was a sometime teacher of English at the Faculte des lettres de Rabat. In the late 1970s he was a professor of history and geography at Grenoble, a position which he still held in 1993. His writings include La grande treversee de I'Atlas marocain; les pricipaux sentier de GR (1984). EURAMES, 1993 Peyronnet, Raymond, born 19th cent., he was in 1939 a colonel and technical adviser to the Bureau central of the Societe de geographie d'Alger et de l'Afrique du nord. His writings include Dix tecons de morale, a I'usage des sous-officiers candidats aux ecoies des sous-officiers eleves-officiers (Paris, 1909), Davout (1914), Idees et faits economiques, 1913-1923 (Alger, 1923), Le probteme nord-africain (Paris, 1924), and he edited the Livre d'ordes officiers des Affaires indigenes, 1830-1930 (1930-32). Peytral, Marie, fl. 1909, he was an instituteur and instructeur at Alger who wrote the booklet Methode naturelle o'eaucetion et d'enseignement; elements simplifies (Alger, 1889). Pezold, Theophil, fl. 1890-1899, he was a contributor to the St. Pertersburg Russische Revue and the Berlin Deutsche Rundschau. NUC, pre-1956 Pezzi, Ettore, fl. 1916. He was a lawyer resident in Egypt, and certainly in 1928 a member of the Societe sultanieh d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation. Note Pezzi, Rafael, born 19th cent., his writings include Los presidios menores de Africa y la influencia espanola en el Rif (Madrid, 1893), Catalogo de la biblioteca del Centro del ejercito y de la armada (Madrid, 1905), and Fabricaci6n militar de conservas (Madrid, 1905). NUC, pre-1956 Pezzi Martinez, Elena, born in 1925, she received a doctorate in Semitic philology with a thesis entitled EI atavio hispeno-erebe; la herencia de su nomenclatura en la Espana cristiana. She successively was a professor of Arabic at the universities of Granada and Almaria, specializing in Morisco studies and etymology. Her writings include Vocabulario de Pedro de Alcala (1989), Los moriscos que no se fueron (1991), Libro de cuentas del Convento Francisco de Cuevas de Almanzora (1993), and Arabismos; estudios etimol6gicos (1995). She died 29 January 1995. A/jamfa 8 (1996), pp. 31-32; Arabismo, 1992,1994; BAEO 31 (1995), pp. 1-7

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Pfaff, Emil Richard, born early 19th cent., he received a medical doctorate from the Universltat Leipzig in 1848. His writings include Das Traumleben und seine Deutung nach den Prinzipien der Araber, Perser, Griechen, Inder und Agypter (1868). NUC, pre-1956 Pfaff, Richard Henry, born 19 January 1925, he was educated at the University of California, Berkeley, and A.U.B. He received an M.A. in 1956 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Fertile Crescent unity, and a Ph.D. in 1960 for Political factors influencing the economic development of Turkey, Iraq and Iran. From 1959 to his retirement in 1990, he was a professor of political science at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He spent a research year in Iran, 1962/63, and was a visiting professor at Istanbul, 1967/68. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; MESA Roster of members ,1990; Selim Pfalz, Richard, born about 1900, he received a Dr.phil. in 1923 from the Universitat Leipzig. For several years he was a professor at the Bergakademie Freiberg. In the 1930s he travelled in North Africa. His writings include Das Auslandsitalienertum seit dem FriedensschluB und seine kulturelle Bedeutung (1933), Bei Faschisten und Senussi; Mussolinis Kolonialpolitik in der Cyrenaika; Reiseschilderungen (1933), and Hydrologie der deutschen Kolonien in Afrika (1944). His Grundgewasserkunde, was published posthumously by Kathe Pfalz in 1951. Pfander, Carl (Karl) Gottlieb, born 3 November 1803 at Waiblingen, Germany. After attending the local Lateinschule, he started missionary training in Germany (1819-1821) and completed it in Basel (1821-1825). The following twelve years he spent as a missionary of the Evangelische MissionsGesellschaft in Shusha, Azerbaijan. He later transferred to the Church Missionary Society, spending the years 1837-1857 in India. The last two years of his life he was active in Constantinople. Failing health compelled him to undergo surgery in England from which he seemed to have recovered, but he died unexpectedly in Richmond, Surrey, 1 December 1865. He might have died in oblivion, if it had not been for the publication of his Mizan al-haqq, an important apologetic work of the nineteenth century, which was translated into English and the important languages of the Muslim world. ADtB, vol. 25, pp. 597-600; FUck, p. 180; LuthC, 1975; Moslem world 31 (1941), pp. 217-226; Richter, p. 100

Pfannmiiller, Gustav, born 1 October 1873 at Dornheim, Germany, he studied Protestant theology at TObingen and GieBen, as well as the preacher seminary in Friedberg, Hesse. After a brief career as a teacher of religious education in Darmstadt, he became a librarian at the local state library. In 1913 he became a professor. He founded the Deutsch-TOrkischer Verein, Darmstadt, and during the war was a patron of the Turkish students and pupils residing in the city. Concurrently, he was a lecturer in history of religion and philosophy at the administrative and clerical college of Hesse. On account of his liberal leanings, he was pensioned off early. His writings include Handbuch der Islam-Literatur (1923). He died in Darmstadt, 12 November 1953. DtBE; DtBilnd (1); KUrschner,1925-1950; Werist's, 1922-1935 Pfau, Richard Anthony, born 19 February 1942 at N.V.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1975 from the University of Virginia with a thesis entitled The United States and Iran, 1941-1947; origins of partnership. He was a professor of history at various U.S. universities, and later a university dean, provost, and president. His writings include No sacrifice too great (1984). ConAu, 120; WhoAm, 1986/87-1999 Pfeffer, Georg, born 17 January 1943 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1970 from the Universitat Freiburg im Breisgau for Pariagruppen des Pandschab. He was a visiting professor at Islamabad from 1974 to 1976, a professor at Heidelberg from 1979 to 1985, and since 1985, a professor of ethnology at the Freie Universitat Berlin. His writings include Status and affinity in middle India (1982). KUrschner, 1996,2001

Pfeffer, Karl Heinz, born 28 Dezember 1906 at Frankfurt am Main, he studied English language and literature, history, and philosophy and received doctorates in 1930 and 1934. In 1940 he was appointed a professor of Commonwealth area studies at the Unlversitat Leipzig. After the war he successively was a professor at Hannover, Bremen, and Hamburg, where he became head of area studies at the Weltwirtschaftsarchiv. From 1959 to 1961 he was director of the Social Science Research Centre at the University of the Panjab, Lahore, and from 1961 until his retirement he held the chair of sociology of the Third World at the Unlversitat MOnster. Concurrently he was affiliated with the Deutsches Orient-Institut, Hamburg. His writings include Pakistan, Modell eines Entwicklungslandes (1967). He died in Iserlohn, 13 September 1971. KUrschner,1954-1970; Orient (Opladen) 12 (1971), p.159; WhoWor, 1974/75 Pfeiffer, Albrecht, born 4 September 1931 at Halle, Germany, he received a Dr.sc.agr. degree in 1964 from the Universltat Leipzig with a thesis entitled Zur Entwicklung der Kakaowirtschaft in den letzten achtzig Jahren, and his second doctorate in 1972 with a thesis entitled Aktuelle Probleme der Produktionssteigerung und der sozialen Umgestaltung der Landwirtschaft im Irak. KUrschner, 1992, 1996; Schwarz Pfeiffer, August, born 27 October 1640 at Lauenburg, Germany, he was a theologian and Orientalist and served as a pastor in MeiBen, as archdeacon and professor in Leipzig from 1681 to 1689, when he Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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was appointed superintendent in Lubeck. His writings include Introductio in Orientem (1671), Antimelancholicus, oder Melancholey-Vertreiber (1691), and Anti-Calvinism, translated from the German by Edward Pfeiffer (Columbia, Ohio, 1881). He died in Lubeck on 11 January 1698. ADtB, vol. 25, p. 631632; LuthC, 1975

Pfeiffer, Kurt, born 10 November 1926 at Wien, he gained a doctorate in economics at the Universitat Wien and studied Oriental languages at the Orientalische Lehranstalt fur orientalische Sprachen. In the early 1960s he was Austrian trade commissioner in Iran. WhoAustria, 1959/60-1969/70 Pfeiffer, Simon Friedrich, 19th cent. His writings include Meine Reise und meine flinfjahrige Gefangenschaft in Algier (1832), Beschreibung des Staates Algier nebst der Bewohner desselben (1833), and its translations, Reizen en vyfjarige gevangenschap in Algiers (1834), and The voyages and five years' captivity in Algiers (1836). NUC, pre-1956 Pfeil und Kelien Eliguth, Joachim Friedrich, Graf van, born 30 December 1857 at Neurode, Silesia. From 1873 to 1883, he run a farm in South Africa. The following year, he and Carl Peters annexed lands for the Deutsche Ostafrika-Gesellschaft. After explorations in East Africa from 1887 to 1889, he was installed as director of the Bismarck Archipelago. During his extensive travels he also visited Morocco. From 1917 to 1920 he was a teacher at the FranzOsiches Gymnasium, Berlin. His writings include Die Erwerbung von Deutsch-Ostafrika (1907), and the pamphlets, Warum brauchen wir Marokko? (1904), and Marokko; wirtschaftliche Moglichkeiten und Aussichten (1912). He died at his estate, SchloB Friederdorf, 12 March 1924. DtBE; Henze Pfetsch, Frank R., born 2 September 1936 at Karlsruhe, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1965 from the Universltat Heidelberg with a thesis entitled Die Entwicklung zum faschistischen Flihrerstaat in der politischen Philosophie von Robert Michels. He was a profesor of political science at his alma mater. KOrschner, 1976-1996 Pfiffl, Hugo, born 19th cent., he was an imperial Austrian ensign posted to Novi Pazar (Yeni Pazar), Bulgaria, in the early 191Os. His trace is lost after an article in 1928. Sezgin Pfister, Jean Jost Rodolphe, born 17 April 1867, died 17 August 1955. LC refers to Tissus islamiques de la collection Pfister (1992), a publication which could not be confirmed. Pfleiderer-Becker, Beatrix, born 29 July 1941 at Heilbronn, Germany, she married Lothar Lutze in 1980. Since 1982 she was a professor of ethnology at the Unlversitat Hamburg. Her writings include Tunesische Arbeitnehmer in Deutschland; eine ethnologische Feldstudie (1978). With Lothar Lutze she published The Hindi film; agent and re-agent of cultural change (New Delhi, 1985). Wer ist wer, 1985, 1990/91

Pfleiderer-Lutze, Beatrix see Pfleiderer-Becker, Beatrix von Pflugl-Lissinetz, Wilhelm, Freiherr, born about 1800, he was an imperial Austrian court and ministerial official. He died in Wien, 22 November 1869. Wurzbach, vol. 22, p. 203

Pfund, Johann Daniel Christian, born in 1813 at Hamburg, he was a physician and practised in Bohemia, before he resided in Egypt. He accompanied the survey missions of Raleigh E. Colston and Henry G. Prout to Kordofan and Darfur, 1875-76. His writings include Reisebriefe aus Kordofan und Darfur, 1874-76, nach dem Tode redigirt von M. Friedrichsen (1878). He died in al-Fashar, 21 August 1876. ADtB, vol. 25, p. 714, vol. 33, p. 797; Embacher; Henze; Hill Phadnis, Urmila, Dr., born 21 August 1931 at Varanasi, India, he was a graduate of the Banaras Hindu University, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1961. In 1972, he was a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University. His writings include Towards the integration of Indian states, 1919-1947 (1968), and he was joint author of Maldives; wind of change in an atoll state (1985). IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; LC Pharaon, Florian, born 21 January 1829 (or, according to LC, in 1827) at Marseille, he was a graduate of the Ecole des langues orientales, Paris, and joined the Corps des interpretes de l'armee, where he rose from the rank of inierprete temporaire (19 November 1846) to interprete de 1re cIasse (May 1854). He was awarded chevalier de la Legion d'honneur, chevalier du Medjidie de Turquie, commandeur du Nichan de Tunis. He resigned from the military in 1857. In 1876 he was homme de lettres at Paris. His writings include Vocabulaire frangais-arabe (1860), Spahis, turcos et goumiers (1864), Recite algeriens (1871), Le Caire et la Haute Egypte (1872). He died in 1887. Feraud, p. 290; Peyronnet, p. 16

Phares, Mgr. Emmanuel, born about 1871, he was in 1908 a secretary to the Maronite archbishop of Sidon, and in 1914, his representative in France. He was a sometime vicar of the Maronites, and archbishop of Tarsus. His writings include the booklet, Les Maronites du Liban (Lille, 1908). ObitOF, 1979 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Phares, Joseph H., fl. 1973. He received a doctorate in 1975 from the Universite de Strasbourg II with a thesis entitled Une societe banlieusarde dans I'agglomeration beyrouthine, a work which was published commercially in Beyrouth in 1977. He edited L'hospitalisation au Liban; situation actuelle et perspec-tives d'avenir; actes (1987). LC; THESAM,3 Phayre, Sir Arthur Purves, born 7 May 1812 at Shrewsbury, he entered the Bengal Army in 1828 and spent the major part of his colonial service in Burma. From 1848 to 1849, he served in the administration of the Panjab, and from 1874 to 1878, he was governor of Mauritius. He was found dead in his bed on 14 December 1885. Buckland; DNB; Mason, pp. 232-233; Riddick Phayre, Ignatius, pseudonym see Fitz-Gerald, William George Phelps, Christina, 1902-1972 see Harris, Christina nee Phelps Philaretos, Georgios Nikolaou, born in 1848 at Khalkis, Evvia, Greece, he studied law at Athens from 1866 to 1871 and thereafter practised law in the city. He was a periodical editor and a politician whose writings include =£voKpTfa «at BaolA£fa tv EAAtJOI, 1821-1897 (1897), NaUOTaeJ.lO~ TWV EAAfJvwv tv XaAKfol «at te£AOVTIK6~ oT6Ao~ (1908), !1fJJ.lOKpaTlOJ.lO~ TOU 'EAAfJvo~ (1918), and rvwJ.l0Aoyfa (1925). He died in Athens in 1929. EEE Philby, Harry St. John Bridger 'Abd Allah, born 3 April 1884 at St. John's, Badula, Ceylon. After his graduation from Trinity College, Cambridge, with an excellent record in several Oriental languages, he joined the British Foreign Service and was assigned to the Punjab. In 1917 he accepted charge of the British Political Mission to Ibn Saud. He left the Indian Civil Service in 1925, but continued to live in Arabia, embracing Islam in 1930. As a Muslim he had a unique opportunity to study Arabia. Among his books are The heart of Arabia (1922), written after his forty-four-day crossing of Arabia; Sheba's daughters (1939), following his unannounced entry into the Aden Protectorate from Yemen; Arabian days (1948), mentioning his war-time detention because of his anti-British sentiments; Arabian jubilee (1952), and Saudi Arabia ((1955), in both of which he included criticisms of corruption and general degeneration of Arabia. He was always critical of British foreign policy, especially concerning Ibn Saud and the Palestine situation. He had many eccentricities and was always arrogantly confident that he was right. He was awarded a gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society. He died in Beirut, on 3 October 1960. Bidwell, 96-115; ChambrBrBi; DLB 195 (1998), pp. 272-280; Index Islamicus (5); Orient 1 ii (Dezember 1960), pp. 61-64; Riddick; Who was who, 1951-60

Philebert, Charles, born 26 or 28 November 1828 at Anqoulerne (Charente). After passing through the military college, Saint-Cyr, in 1847, he entered the Bureaux Arabes de l'Alqerie on 17 May 1852 and was posted to Bougie. Apart from a brief assignment in Italy in 1860 and participation in the Franco-German war, followed by posts in Paris and Saintes, he spent his military career in Algeria and Tunisia, where he gained the reputation of a North Africa expert. In 1900 he was awarded grand officier of the Legion d'honneur. His writings include Algerie et Sahara; Ie general Margueritte (1882), La conquete pacifique de tinteneur africain; negres, musulmans et cbretiens (1889), La 6e Brigade en Tunisie (1895), Le partage de l'Afrique (1896), and he was joint author of La France en Afrique et Ie trans-saharien (1890). IndexBFr2 (1); Peyronnet, p. 444 Philharmonius, pseudo see Bashmakov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 1858-1943 Philipp, Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha, born in 1844, he collected important sets of coins, notably from Austria-Hungary and western Europe. His collection together with his numismatic library was auctioned by Leo Hamburger at Frankfurt on 20 February 1928. A sales catalogue, MOnzenSammlung Prinz Philipp von Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha in Wien, of two hundred and forty-seven pages was published. He died in 1921. Philipp, Carl (Karl), born 7 November 1875 at Altenburg, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1901 from the Universitat Halle with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur Darstellung des persischen Lebens nach Muslih-uddln Sa'di, which represents only one third of the total work. Thesis Philipp, Mangol nee Bayat, 1937- see Bayat, Mangol (Mrs.) Philipp Philipp, Thomas, born 11 May 1941 at Konigsberg, Germany, he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from U.C.L.A. for The Role of Jurji Zaidan in the development of the Arab Nahda. There-after he taught at Shiraz University until 1975 when he began teaching for twelve years at Harvard. In 1988, he became a professor of political science at the Institut fOr Politische Wissenschaft in the Universitat ErlangenNOrnberg. His writings include Gurgi Zaidan, his life and thought (1979), The Syrians in Egypt, 17251975 (1985), and he edited The Syrian land in the eighteenth and nineteenth century (1992), The Syrian land; processes of integration and fragmentation (1998), and he was joint editor of The Mamluks in Egyptian politics and society (1998). Kurschner, 1996-2003; Private; Selim Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Philippar, Edmond Valery, born 22 February 1876 at Mellac (Plnlstere), he was educated at the Lycee de Versailles and studied at the Faculte de droit de Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1903 with a thesis entitled Contribution a t'etuae du credit agricole en Algerie. He was a sometime vice-president of the Credit foncier d'Algerie et de Tunisie, and administrator of the Compagnie des messageries maritimes. In 1932 he was awarded commandeurof the Legion d'honneur. IndexBFr2 (1); Qui etes-vous, 1924 Philippe, Fernand, born 6 June 1843 at Arbois (Jura), he was a sometime member of the Corps des lnterpretes in Algeria and became a repetkeur at the College arabe-francais d'Alger on 15 May 1861, and director of the Ecole arabe-francais de Djelfa on 28 April 1863. His writings include Etapes sahariennes (Alger, 1880). He was still publishing in 1911. Feraud, p. 352 Philippi, Friedrich Wilhelm Martin, born 3 November 1843at Dorpat, he received a Dr.phil. in 1871 from the Universitat Rostockwith a thesis entitled Wesen und Urspurng des Status constructusim Hebraischen; ein Beitrag zur Nominalflexion im Semitischen aberhaupt. From 1879 to 1903 he was a professor of Oriental languages at his alma mater. He died in Rostock, 6 March1905. BioJahr10 (1905) Philipps, J. E. Tracy, M.C.,M.A.,Hon. D.C.L. (Durham), born in 1890, he was educated at Marlborough and Durham University, and then becamean assistant commissioner in British EastAfrica. During the firstWorld War he was attached to the Arab Bureau Force, and served in Cairo, Jerusalem, Syria, and Abyssinia. He travelled widelybetween the wars and among other exploits made a journeyon foot alongthe Equatorfrom eastto west acrossAfrica. He was oftenemployed on reliefmissions concerned with minorities or refugees, and had a long experience of the Muslim Mediterranean and, while British Relief Commissioner for South Russia, had his supply-base in Turkeywhich he regularly re-visited. He was honoured by the University of Tehran, by the Linceiin Rome, by the Sorbonne, and by his old university, Durham. He died 21 july 1959. Geographica/jouma/125 (1959), p. 473; Whowas who,5

Philippson, Alfred, born 1 January 1864 at Bonn, he studied geography at the universities of Bonn and Leipzig, and successively was a professor at Bonn, Bern, Halle, and againBonn. Hiswritings include Reisen und Forschungen im westlicl1en Kleinasien, 5 v. (1910-1915), Das Tarkische Reich (1915), and Kleinasien (1918). He died 28 March 1953. Archiv fOrWirtschaftsforschung im Orient2 (1917), pp. 154-155; Dickinson, pp. 142-144; DtBE; EncJud; Geographische Zeitschrift52(1964), pp. 1-6; JewEnc; JOdLex

Philips, Sir Cyril Henry, born 27 December 1912 at Worcester, England, he was a professor of Oriental history and, since 1946,directorof SOAS, and, since 1972, vice-chancellor of the University of London. His writings include Theyoung Wellington in India (1973), and Beyond the ivory tower; the autobiography(1995). BlueB, 1975,1976; ConAu,103; Master(2); Who, 1974-2003; WhoWor,1978-2000; WrDr, 1980/82-1992/94

Philips, Daisy Griggs, died in 1929, she was a missionary under the Presbyterian Church in the United States, and resident in Cairoin 1926. Note Philips, HarveyE., Dr., born in 1878, he was in 1926 resident in Cairo. His writings include the confidential pamphlet A survey of the missionaryoccupation of Egypt (Cairo, Nile Mission Press, 1920), and Blessedbe Egypt, my people; life studies from the Land of the Nile (Philadelphia, Pa., 1953). LC; Note Philipsborn, Alexander, born in 1882, he received a Dr.jur. in 1906from the Universitat Berlin with a thesis entitled Die Klassifikation der einzelnen strafbaren Handlungen. He later was affiliated with the Deutsche Ligader Freien Wohlfahrtspflege. His writings include Wegweiserfar deutsche Wohlfahrtspflege in Beligien (BrOssel, Zentralstelle fOr Soziale FOrsorge des Belgischen Roten Kreuzes, 1916), Kranker und Krankenhaus im Recht (1930), as well as otherworkson legalaspectsof welfare-work. LC Phillimore, Reginald Henry, born in 1879. After passing through the Royal Military College, Woolwich, he served with the Royal Engineers in India, where he was posted to the Surveyof India in 1903. In 1944 he was awarded Companion of the Orderof the Indian Empire. He retired with the rank of colonel in 1946, and died in 1964. Who was who,6 Phillipps, LisleMarch, 1863-1917. His writings include In the desert (1905), In the desert; the hinterlandof Algiers (1909), Art and the environment(1911), Form and colour (1915), and Europe unbound (1916)as well as contributions to the Edinburgh review and Contemporary review. NUC,pre-1956 Phillips, CarlaRahn, born 14 November 1943at LosAngeles, she was a graduate of PomanaCollege, and received a Ph.D. in 1972from NewYork University. In 1972she was appointed a professor of history at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, a position which she still held in 1995. Her writings include Ciudad Real, 1500-1750(1979), and she was joint authorof Spain'sgolden fleece; wool production and wool trade from the middle ages to the nineteenth century (1997). ConAu,128,newrevision 60; NatFacDr, 1995 Phillips, DennisH., born20th cent.; in 1975he was affiliated with Macquarie University, NorthRyde, N.S.W., Australia. Noteaboutthe author

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Phillips, Doris Goodrich nee Adams, born 21 August 1925 at Oakland, Calif., she received a Ph.D. in 1955 from the Universityof California, and afterwards went for a year and a half to the Middle East on a fellowship grant from the Ford Foundation. She successivelytaught economics at PennsylvaniaState and Washington State universities, before she was appointed in 1965 a professor of economics at California State College, Fullerton. Her writings include Iraq's people and resources (1958), which is a rewritten and enlarged version of her doctoral thesis entitled Population trends in relation to the economic development in Iraq. She died 14 January 1971. WhoAmW, 1972/73 Phillips, Eustace Dockray, fl. 1974, his writings include The royal hordes (1965), its translation, Les nomades de la steppe (1966), The Mongols (1969), and Aspects of Greek medicine (1973). LC Phillips, George, born 3 October 1836 at Lower Walmer, Kent, he received his first instruction at Hastings, and finished his education at King's School and King's College, London. He entered the China consular service in 1857 as a student interpreter in Hongkong, and after having passed through several employments in this service, he was appointed acting vice-consul at Pagoda Island and acting consul of Amoy. From March 1878 until his retirement from the Service in 1892 he was British consul at a number of locations in China. He died in London, 25 October 1896. DAB; Lodwick; Toung pao 7 (1896), pp. 593-595; WhAm, H Phillips, John, born in 1914, he was an English journalist and photographer whose writings include Odd world; a photo-reporter's story (1959), The Italians (1965), A will to survive (1977), Yugoslav story (1983), It happened in our lifetime; a memoir in words and pictures (1985), and Les derniers jours de Saint-Exupery (1989). LC Phillips, John Goldsmith, born 22 January 1907 at Glenn Falls, N.Y., he was a Harvard graduate and from 1929 to 1971 a staff member of the Metropolitan Museum of Arts, N.Y.C. His writings include China-trade porcelain (1956). He died 17 February 1992. WhAm, 10; WhoAm, 1974/76; WhoAmA,1966-1978 Phillips, Lucie Colvin, 1943- see Colvin, Lucie Gallistel Phillips, Paul Grounds, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan; prolegomena to a technical assistance program. His writings include the booklets, Trends in community development programs in the United States (Washington, 1958), and District development surveys and planning for the district development committee and the development team (Addis Ababa, 1961). LC; Selim Phillips, William, born 30 May 1878 at Berverly, Mass., he was a graduate of Harvard University and Harvard Law School, and entered the foreign service in 1905. He wrote his memoirs, Ventures in diplomacy (1952). He died in Sarasota, Fla., 23 February 1968. JAOS 39 (1919), pp. 185-188; Master (2); Shavit - Asia; WhAm, 4

Phillott, Douglas Craven, born in 1860, he was educated at Felsted, Essex. After passing through the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he served in India. He was a sometime consul in Persia, chief censor at the Prisoner of War Central Bureau, Cairo, lecturer in Hindustani at Cambridge, and lecturer in Persian at Calcutta. His writings include An English-Hindustani vocabulary (1911), Higher Persian grammar (1919), and translations of numerous Persian works. He died in 1930. Riddick; Who was who, 3 Philon, Helen. Her writings include Early Islamic ceramics; ninth to late twelfth centuries (1980). Philonenko, Marc Eugene, born 1 May 1930 at Paris, he studied at the Ecole pratique des Hautesetudes, Section des Sciences religieuses, the Faculte libre de Theoloqie protestante, Paris, and the Faculte de theoloqie protestante, Strasbourg, where he received a doctorate in 1968 with a thesis entitled Joseph et Aseneth; introduction, texte critique, traduction et notes. He taught in various capacities at Strasbourg until his retirement in 1992. At different periods he also served as dean of the Faculte de theoloqie protestante, director of the Centre de recherches d'histoire des religions, director of the Groupe de recherches intertestamentaires of the C.N.R.S., and director of the Ecole doctorale de theoloqie et de sciences religieuses, Unlversite des sciences humaines, Strasbourg. From 1978 to 1986, he was editor-in-chief of the Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses. His writings include Le Testament de Job; introduction, traduction et notes (1968), and he was joint author of Ecrits intertestamentaires, a work which went through three editions from 1987 to 1992. He was a leureei of the Academle des Inscriptions et belles-lettres since 1969. Uppsala Universitet conferred on him an honorary doctorate in 1988. NDBA Phllpponeau, Michel Georges Leon, born 11 May 1921 at Clamart (Seine), he taught geography in Rennes, before he became a professor at the C.N.R.S. He was repeatedly a visiting professor at the Universite de Montreal. He retired in 1984. His writings include Changer la vie, changer la ville; Rennes, 1977 (1976). WhoFr, 1965/66-2000

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Phocas Cosmetatos, Spuridon Pan, born 19th cent., his writings, partly under the pseudonym S. Cosmin, include Au lendemain des guerres balkaniques (1915), La Macedoine (1919), L'Entente et la Grece pendant la grande guerre (1926), The tragedy of Greece (1928), and L'Albanie (1950). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Phrankistas (paVKfaTa~), Charalampos Nikolaou, born in 1905 at Skiathos, Northern Sporades, Greece, he studied law at the universities of Athens, Berlin, MOnchen, Hamburg, and Paris. His writings include Das Praventionsprinzip in der Zwangsvollstreckung (1930), and AjJoll3aial attiumau; em aUjJlJ1f]CfJlajJou (1948). Hellenikon,1965; NUC, 1956-67 Piadyshev, Boris Dmitrievich, Dr., he was a journalist and a sometime Russian ambassador. His writings include BoeHHo-npoMblwneHHb/{} KOMnneKC CiliA (1974), its translation, The military-industrial complex of the USA (1977), Der neue Militarismus (1975), USA-USSR; confrontation or normalization of relations? (1977), Onecnocms; Munumapu3M a ttonumuxe, 3KOHOMUKe u uoeonoeuu CiliA (1918), and he edited Russia and the world (1991). LC Piamenta, Moshe, born 13 April 1921 at Jerusalem, he received a Ph.D. in Arabic linguistics in 1964 from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, with a thesis entitled Shimush ha-zemanim. For ten years he was chief interpreter at the Knesset, before he became a professor of Arabic at his alma mater. His writings include Islam in everyday Arabic speech (1979), Muslim conception of God and human welfare (1983), and Dictionary of post-classical Yemeni Arabic (1990-1991). Wholsrael, 1969/70-1999; WhoWor, 1974/75

Piana, Celestino, O.F.M., Father, born in 1911. His writings include Assumptio Beatre Virginis Marre apud scriptores seec. XIII (Sibenici, 1942), La custodia di Terra Santa negli anni 1762-1767 (Cairo, 1956), and Ricerche su Ie Universita di Bologna e di Parma nel secolo XV (1963). NUC, pre-1956 Piancastelli, Ugo, died in 1956, he was a banker and a sometime director general of the Cassa di Risparmio di Pistoia e Pescia. IndBI (1) Piankoff, Alexandre, born in 1897 at St. Petersburg. During the war he served with the French forces in Greece, and afterwards studied Egyptology successively at Berlin and Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1930 with a thesis entitled, Le'cceut" dans les textes egyptiens depuis I'ancien jusqu'a la fin du nouvel empire. He was a member of the Societe d'archeologie copte, Cairo. He died in 1966. Egyptology

Pias, Jean, fl. 1972, he was a directeur de recherche at the Office de la Recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer, Bondy, France. His writings include Les sols du Moyen et Bas Logone, du Bas Chari, des regions riveraines du lac Tchad et du Bahr el Ghazal (1962), Notice explicative ...; feuilles de Bokoro, Guere, Mongo (Fort-Lamy, 1964), La vegetation du Tchad (1970), and Formations superficielles et sols d'Afghanistan (1976). LC Piaskovskii, Anatolii Vladimirovich, 1896-1975, historian. His writings include TypKMeHucmaH a nepuoo nepeoii pyCCKO{i peeoniouuu 1905-1907 ee. (1955), Peeomouu» 1905-1907 aopoa a Y36eKucmene (1957), Peeotuouun 1905-1907 aopoa a Typxecmene (1958), and Peeomouus 1905-1907 ee. a Poccuu (1966). Turkmen SE Piaskowski, Jerzy Jozef, born 5 August 1922 at Zawiercie, Poland, he studied engineering at the Akademia G6rnicza, and Universytet Jaqlellonskl, Krak6w, where he received doctorates in 1960 and 1963. Since 1973 he was a professor, and later director, of iron-founding, Instytut Odlewnictwa, Krak6w. His writings include 0 stali damascefJskiej (1974), and Technologia dawnych odlewDw artystycznych (1981). KtoPolsce, 1993; Master (1); WhoWor, 1989/90 Piazza, Giuseppe, born 8 July 1882 at Messina, he studied at Roma, where he obtained a doctorate in letters in 1904. He was a jounalist, editor, poet, and traveller. Since 1905 he was successively a correspondent to Tribuna for Europe and Italian East Africa. His writings include La nostra terra promessa; lettere dalla Tripolitania (1911), Alia corte di Menelik (1912), Come conquistammo Tripoli (1912), /I Benadir (1913), I Dardanelli (1915), La nostra pace coloniale (1917), Riformiamo la diplomazia! (1920), and Noi Parlammo in Elzeviro (1961). Chi a, 1908, 1928, 1931, 1936, 1940; Salomone; Rovito; Vaccaro

Pic, Paul Jules Victor, born 31 May 1862 at Mahelma, Algeria, he studied law at the Universite de Lyon, where he also received a dcotorate in 1885. He was a barrister-at-Iaw in Lyon until 1890, when he went to teach at l'Ecole de droit d'Alger. When he returned the following year, he became a professor of international law and industrial legislation at his alma mater. Concurrently he served as a professor at l'Ecole superieure de commerce. He also was a president of the Office social de Lyon, and editor of the journal, Questions pratiques de legislation ouvtiere et o'economie sociale. His Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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writings include Mariage et divorce en droit international et legislation comparee (1885). Syrie et Palestine, mandats trenceis et anglais dans Ie Proche-Orient (1924). He died in 1944. BN; Curinier, v. 6 Picard, Andre, born 26 May 1895 at Larnaud (Jura). After he obtained a doctorate in letters, he was a professor of Berber language and literature at the Universite d'Alger and secretary to the Institut d'etudes oriental de la Faculte des lettres de I'Universite d'Alger. His writings include Textes beroeres dans Ie parler des Irjen (1958), and De quelques faits de stylistique dans Ie parler berbere des Irjen (Alger, 1960). Unesco Picard, Charles Pierre, born 7 June 1883 at Arnay-Ie-Duc (COte-d'Or), he was a highly decorated and honoured archaeologist, and since 1909 successively a member, secretary, and director, l'Ecole francalse d'Athenes, as well as a professor at Bordeaux, Lyon, and Paris. He died 15 December 1965. EEE; Revue ercneotoaique, 1965 ii, pp. 111-119; WhoFr, 1955/56-1965/66

Picard, Elizabeth (Sterner), born 15 August 1944 at Paris, she studied sociology and political science at Paris, where she received a doctorate in 1985 with a thesis entitled Espaces de references et espace d'intervention du Mouvement Rectificatif au pouvoir en Syrie, 1970-1982. She was a researcher at the Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, before she was appointed a directeur de recherche at the C.N.R.S. in 1995. Her writings include Liban, I'etat de discorde (1988), its translation, Lebanon, a shattered country (1996), and she edited La nouvelle dynamique au Moyen-Orient (1993). EURAMES, 1993; THESAM, 3

Picavet, Francols Joseph, born in 1851, he received two doctorates in 1891 from the Faculte des lettres de Paris with his theses entitled De Epicuro novee religionis auctore, sive De diis guid senserit Epicurus, and Les ideologies; essai sur I'histoire des idees. He was an editor of the Revue internationale de I'enseignement. His writings include L'eaucetion (1895), and its translation, Erziehung und Unterricht (1896). His trace is lost after his translation from Kant, Critique de la raison pure, in 1921. Piccioli, Angelo, born in 1886, his writings include La nuova Italia d'oltremare; I'opera del fascimo nelle colonie italiane (1933), and La porta magica del Sahara (1934), its translation, The Magic gate of the Sahara (1935), and Die magische Pforte der Sahara (1941). He was editor of I grandi italiani d'Africa. Piccolomini, Paolo, 1881-1910. His writings, all of which were published in Siena, include La vita e I'opera di Sigismondo Tizio, 1458-1528 (1903), and the pamphlets, Dalla vita e dalla poesia curiale di Siena nel rinascimento (1904), Lo statuto del castello della Triana, Monte Amiate (1905), and Documenti Vaticani sull'eresia in Siena durante el secolo XVI (1908). NUC, pre-1956 Piehl, Walter, fl. 1961, he was a student of African languages, and pursued his researches from June 1940 to October 1941 at an African prisoner of war camp near Poitiers, where he served as an interpreter. Pichler, Caroline von Greiner, born in 1769 at Wien as the daughter of courtier parents. She was educated in languages and literature, and took music lessons from Mozart and Haydn. Her own home became a cultural coterie at Vienna. Her writings include Die Belagerung Wiens (1828), its translation, The siege of Vienna (1834), Die Wiedereroberung von Ofen (1829), and Denkwardigkeiten aus meinem Leben (1844). She died in Wien in 1843. ADtB; DtBE; DtBiind (12); Kosch; OBL; OxGer; Wurzbach Pichon, Jules, lieutenant, fl. 1853. His writings include Les cypres de /'Iran; suivis d'un episode sur les chevaliers de Rhodes (1844), and Journal d'une mission militaire en Perse, 1839-1840 (1900). BN Pichon, Rene, born in 1869, he was a professor of rhetoric, and received a doctorate in 1902 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled De sermone amatorio apvud latines elegiarvm scriptores. His writings also include Histoire de la tittereture latine (1897). NUC, pre-1956 Pichon, Stephen Jean Marie, born in 1857 at Arnay-Ie-Duc (COte-d'Or), he started to study medicine, but soon changed to journalism. After two years as a member of the staff of la Justice, he became a member of the municipal council of Paris. He was elected to the Chambre des deputes in 1885, and from 1894 held various portfolios. He was a sometime resident general in Tunisia, and one of the French delegates to the Peace Conference. He died in 1933. Bioln, 9; Bitard"; Curinier, vol. 4, pp. 25-28;

EncAm; IndexBFr2 (2); Qui etes-voue, 1924; Vapereau

Pichot, Alain, fl. 1975. After several years' teaching at the Universite d'Alger and the Ecole nationale d'administration d'Alger, he became a professor of economics at the Universite de Paris XII (Val-deMarne). His writings include Comptabilite nationale et planification; France, pays de rest, pays africains (1968), Comptabilite nationale; les nouveaux sysiemes trencets et etrangers (1979), Comptabilite nationale et mocetes economiques (1988), and Elargissement des comptabilites nationales (1989). LC

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Pick, Hella, fl. 1961, she was an Austrian journalist, specializing in West Africa, and a televison commentator for English and German-language media. Her writings include Simon Wiesenthal (1996). ConAu, 160

Pickard, Sir Cyril Stanley, born in 1917, he graduated in 1939 with first class honours in modern history from New College, Oxford. After wartime service, he became a government official. He was acting High Commissioner in Cyprus, 1964, and successively High Commissioner in Pakistan and Nigeria. He died in 1992. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; IntWW, 1974-1983; Master (2); Who, 1969-1993 Picken, laurence Ernest Rowland, born in 1909, he was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was made honorary fellow in 1991. He was assistant director of research in Oriental music at Cambridge from 1966 to 1977, and editor of Musica Asiatica from 1977 to 1984. Master (1); Who, 1982-2000

Pickens, Claude leon, Jr., born around 1900, he was a member of the American Church Mission, and a secretary of the Society of Friends of Moslems in China. He first arrived in China on 2 October 1926 and was posted to Hankow. His writings include Annotated bibliography of literature on Islam in China (1950). Lodwick Pickering, Charles, born in 1805 at Starucca Creek, Pa., he graduated in medicine from Harvard and practised in Philadelphia, Pa. From 1838 to 1842 he was a naturalist with the U.S. Exploring Expedition, and from 1843 to 1845, he travelled in Egypt, Arabia, East Africa, and India. His writings include The races of man, and their geographical distributuion, and work which went through many editions. He died in Boston in 1878. DAB; Embacher; EncAm; Shavit; WhAm, H Pickett, Liam E., fl. 1972, he was a sometime International labour Office regional adviser on cooperation for the Near and Middle East. His writings include The use of statistics; a handbook for cooperatives (1975), and Organising development through participation; co-operative organisation and services for land settlement (1988). Note Pickthall, Marmaduke William Muhammad, born 7 April 1875 at london, he spent many years in the Middle East and learned Arabic before he converted to Islam in 1918. He later served the Nizam of Hyderabad, and became editor of Islamic culture. In England he was editor of the Islamic review. He spent some time in Egypt, where he prepared his translation of the Koran, which was published under the title, The meaning of the glorious Koran. His other writings include Said, the fisherman (1903), its translations, Glanz, Liebe und Tod des Fischers Said (1926), and Said, iI pescatore (1948), The children of the Nile (1908), With the Turk in wartime (1914), Knights of Araby (1917), Oriental encounters, Palestine and Syria, 1894-5-6 (1918), and As others see us (1922). He died 19 May 1936. Peter Clark wrote a biography, Marmaduke Pickthall, British Muslim (1986). Index Islamicus (3); Master (7); Moslemische Revue 12 (1936), p. 73; WhE&EA; Who was who, 3

Picot, Georges Marie Rene, born in 1838 at Paris, he studied law, and was appointed a judge in 1865. He was a historian and a permanent secretary of the Academie des sciences morales et politiques since 1896. He also edited Ie Parlement. His writings include Histoire des Etats generaux (1872). He died in 1909. BbD; BiD&SB; Curinier, vol. 1, pp. 157-59; EncAm; Vapereau Picouet, Michel, fl. 1968-1987, he was affiliated with the Tunisian Institut national de la statistique, in 1968, and the Office de la Recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer, in 1987. His writings include Les resources de la demographie tunisienne (1972), Goraa et Oued el Khatef,' application de la methode des passages repetes dans deux cheikhats ruraux en Tunisie (1973), and he was joint author of Des villes et du petrol (1987). LC Pictet, Raoul Pierre, born in 1846 at Geneve, he was a physicist and a sometime professor at the Universlte de Geneve. He died in 1929. Master (6); Vapereau Picton-Turbervill, Edith, born about 1872, she was a Welsh feminist, social worker, labour M.P., and a campaigner for women's causes in the Church and politics. Her writings include Christ and woman's power (1919), Christ and international life (1922), and the autobiography, Life is good (1939). She died in 1960, aged eighty-eight. Master (3); NYT, 3 September 1960, p. 17, cols. 2-3; WhE&EA; Who was who, 5 Piemontese, Angelo Michele, born 28 September 1940 at Monte S. Angelo (FG), Italy, he studied at the Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli until 1964. He was a professor at the Department of Oriental studies in the Unlversita di Roma lila Sapienza," before he became a cultural attache at the Italian Embassy in Tehran. He was a member of the Societe asiatique and Societas Iranoligica Europaea. His writings include Bibliografia italiana dell'lran (1982), and Catalogo dei manoscritti persiani conservati nelle Biblioteche d'/talia (1989). Private

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Pieper, Werner, born 30 June 1896 at Elberfeld, Germany. During the war he served in an intelligence unit with Headquarters, Heeresgruppe "Kronprinz Ruprecht von Bayern" in North Africa and Belgium. At the end of 1917 he was seconded for employment with an engineers' unit in Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine as an interpreter. After demobilization, he studied law, economics, history, and Oriental languages at Halle and Koln, where he received a Dr.jur. in 1922 for Die Entwicklung des tOrkischen Staatsrechts von den Anfangen bis zur Gegenwart; eine rechtsgeschichtliche, rechtsvergleichende und staatsrecht/iche Studie. In 1923 he completed his bar admission also in Koln. Thesis Piepers, Marinus Cornelis, born 16 November 1835 at Amersfoort, he studied law at Leiden, where he also received a doctorate in 1859. In 1862, he went to the Netherlands East Indies, where he was employed at native affairs (Binnenlands Bestuur). Two years later he changed to legal affairs, where he remained until 1894, when he was appointed a judge. In this position he was able to correct much legal injustice concerning the native population. He was a prolific writer also in the field of international law as well as anthropology and natural history. Witness to the latter is the Piepers-Snellen Collection at the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden. His writings include Macht tegen recht; de vervolging der justitie in Nederlandsch-Indie (1884), Beschouwingen over de Atjeh-ziekte en hare genezing (1896), De rechtszekerheid van den inlander in Nederlansch-Indie (1900), Naar vrede? (1901), Etudes sur la retorme du droit (1905), and Nederlandsch anthropologie (1913). He died in 'sGravenhage, on 6 October 1919. BWN, vol. 4, p. 452 Pier, Garrett Chatfield, born 30 October 1875 at London, he was an archaeologist who had studied at Columbia University, N.Y.C., and the University of Chicago. For a few years he was an assistant curator at the Museum of Modern Art, N.Y.C. His writings include Pottery of the Near East (1909). He died in St. Petersburg, Fla. on 30 December 1943. Egyptology; NYT, 31 December 1943, p. 15, col. 5; Shavit;

WhAm, 2; WhNAA

Pieragostini, Karl, born 3 May 1947, he taught at the University of Vermont, before he moved to the Faculty of the Defense Intelligence College, Washington, D.C., to teach graduate courses in national security policy. He published articles and contributed to books on British defence policy, arms control, and international relations theory. He and his family lived in Britain for ten years, during part of which time he was research assistant to an M.P. His writings include Britain, Aden, and South Arabia; abandoning Empire (1991). LC Pierce, Ellen M., born about 1831 in Vermont, she became in 1869 the principal of one of the American Missionary Association schools in the Southern United States. In 1874 she was appointed to Central Turkey, and began to teach in the Girls' Seminary at Aintab (Gaziantep). In 1877 she became its principal and held this office until 1898. She was an eyewitness to the Turkish massacres of the Armenians in 1895. This terrible experience seriously injured her health and she resigned the principalship of the Seminary, though she acted as matron until 1904, when broken health and impending blindness caused her to retire to Hanover, N.H., where she died 24 January 1914 at the age of eighty-one. Missionary herald 110 (1914), p. 128 Pierce, Joe Eugene, born 30 April 1924 at Chickasha, Okla., he was a graduate of the University of Oklahoma, and received his doctorate at Indiana University with a thesis entitled, A statistical study of new world languages. He was a professor of linguistics at the Department of Anthropology in Portland State University. Concurrently he was a consultant to the Turkish Ministry of Defence and the U.S. Peace Corps. His writings include Life in a Turkish village (1964), and Understanding the Middle East (1971). ConAu,33-36; IntAu&W, 1989, 1991/92; WrDr, 1986-1996/981 Pierce, Richard Austin, born 26 July 1918, he was a graduate of the University of California at Berkeley, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1956 with a thesis entitled, Russian Central Asia, 18671917. He was a professor of history at Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., since 1959. His writings include Russia's Hawaiian adventure, 1815-1817 (1965). ConAu, 5-8, new rev., 2; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982, 1986; WrDr, 1976/78-1996/98

Pieron, Henri, fl. 1902. He was a French architect resident in Cairo in 1916 and a member of the Societe sultanieh d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation. Note Pierotti, Ermete, born in 1821 in Italy, he received a doctorate in mathematics, and was a sometime civil and military engineer-architect. He spent some six years in Jerusalem. His writings include Customs and traditions of Palestine (1864), La Palestine actuelle dans ses rapports avec la Palestine ancienne (1865), Rivista generale della Palestina antica e moderna (1866), La Bible et la Palestine au XIXe steele (1882), and Minhagim u-masorot be-Erets Yisra'el (1985). LC Pierquin de Gembloux, Claude Charles, born in 1798 at Bruxelles, he studied at Pau and Montpellier, where he obtained a doctorate in 1821. He was a prolific writer on medicine, philosophy, archaeology, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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history, and poetry. He successively was inspecteur of the Academie de Grenoble and Bourges, where he died in 1863. His writings include Atil/a, sous Ie rapport iconographique (1843). BioNBelg, vol. 17 (1903), cols. 418-421; Dantes 1; Hoefer

Pierre, Gilbert Remy Henri, born 21 October 1925 at Dole (Jura), he gained a doctorate in public law and political economy, and became an administrator. From 1956 to 1963, he was affiliated with three Moroccan finance ministers, from 1963 to 1965, he was deputy director general of the Banque Nationale pour Ie Developpernent du Maroc, and thereafter affiliated with the Banque marocaine du Commerce exterieure and the Cour des Comptes. WhoFr, 1987/88-2000 Pierrot, Roger, born first half of the 20th cent., he was an editor of French literary classics. His other writings include Liste internationale de vedettes uniformes pour les cJassiques anonymes (1964), and its translation, Anonymous classics; a list of uniform headings for European literatures (1978). LC Pierson, Arthur Tappan, born in 1837 at N,Y,C" he was a graduate of Hamilton College, N.Y., and Union Theological Seminary. He was ordained in 1860 and became a Presbyterian clergyman of intense zeal and profound concern for speedy world-wide evangelization. It was in no small part through the enthusiasm which he aroused that the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions was started. His writings include The miracle of missions (1891-95), and The heart of the Gospel (1892). He died in Brooklyn, N.Y., 3 June 1911. His son, Delavan L. Pierson, wrote a biography entitled Arthur T. Pierson, a spiritual warrior (1912). DAB; LuthC, 1975; Master (7); NatCAB 13, p. 408 Pierson, Delavan Leonard, born 27 October 1867 at Waterford, N.Y., he was a graduate of Princeton University and Princeton Theological Seminary. He was managing editor of the Missionary review of the world from 1891 to 1911, and its editor-in-chief from 1912 to 1939. He visited Turkey and Egypt in 1906. His writings include Arthur T. Pierson, a spiritual warrior (1912), and he edited The Pacific Islanders, from savages to saints (1906). He died 11 July 1938. DcNAA; WhAm, 1; WhNAA Pierson, Emma Belle nee Dougherty, born 15 December 1871 at Brooklyn, N.Y., she early gave herself to missionary work. She was married with Delavan L. Pierson since 13 February 1895. For nearly fifty years she was a successful teacher of little children in the Sunday school. She was active in the missionary work of her own Church, was an officer of the Montclair Missionary Union and for some years a member of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. Her writings include When things go wrong; a harried housewife's helper (1912). She died in Montclair, N.J., 18 June 1937. Missionary review ofthe world Piersuis, pseudo see Suisse, Pierre Piesse, Louis, born in 1815 at Paris, he was from 1842 to 1851 a librarian at Alger. In the Collection des guides-Joannes, he published ttinerelre historique et descriptif de 1'Algerie, de Tunis et de Tanger (1874), and Algerie et Tunisie (1888). He died about 1890. IndexBFr2 (1) Pietraszewski, Ignacy (lIIrHaTL-1~ Barrrasapoens neTpaWeBCKL-1~), born in 1796 or 7 at Biskupcu, Warmja (Ermland), East Prussia, he was an Orientalist and numismatist. His writings include Numi mohammedani (Berlin, 1843), Nony przkletd dzie jopisow tureckich dotyszacyck sie historyi Polskiej a szezegolniey tarycky wasyf efendengo (1846), and Abrege de la grammaire Zend (Berlin, 1861). He died in Berlin, 16 November 1869. BiobibSOT, pp. 235-236; PSB Pietrement, Charles Alexandre, born 15 February 1826 at Esternay (Marne). His writings include Les origines du cheval domestique (1870), and Les chevaux dans les temps preoietonques et historiques (1883). He died in Paris in 1906. BN; LC Pietri, Francols Sampiero Sebastien Marie Jourdan, born 8 August 1882 at Bastia, he was educated at the College Stanislas and Ecole Iibre des sciences politiques in Paris. He was a government official who held various portfolios, and he was a sometime ambassador. From 1917 to 1924 he was director general of Finances du Maroc. His writings include the booklet, Les finances du Maroc pendant la guerre (1918), and Mes ennees d'Espagne, 1940-1948 (1954). He died 18 August 1966. DBFC; NDNC; Qui est-ee, 1934; WhoFr, 1953/54-1965/66

Pietsch, Ludwig Karl Adolf, born 25 December 1824 at Danzig, Prussia, he studied at colleges of art in his home town and Berlin. He was a draughtsman and an illustrator of literary works, before he was employed by Berlin newspapers. In 1863 he spent half a year in Paris; and since 1864 he was editor, critic, and reviewer at the Vossische Zeitung, Berlin. He travelled to Russia, Sicily, and Greece. His writings include Orientfahrten eines Berliner Zeichners (1871), Marokko; Briefe von der Deutschen Gesandtschaftsreise nach Fez im FrOhjahr 1877 (1878), and his autobiography, Wie ich SchriftsteJler geworden bin (1893-1894). He died in Berlin, 27 November 1911. BiD&SB; DtBE

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Pietschmann, Richard, born 24 September 1851 at Stettin, Prussia, he studied classical and Oriental philology at Berlin and Leipzig, and became an academic librarian and keeper at the university library in Breslau. He was successively employed in various capacities at Marburg, GOttingen, Greifswald, Berlin, and again GOttingen, partly serving concurrently as a professor of library science. His writings include Hermes Trismegistos (1875), and Geschichte der Phonizie: (1889). He died in GOttingen on 17 October 1923. DtBE Piffl-Percevic, Theodor, born 17 September 1911 at Meran, Austria-Hungary, of Bohemian parentage, he studied law at the Universltat Graz and gained a doctorate. After political persecution from 1938 to 1945, he did not enter politics until 1960, when he was elected to the Austrian national assembly. He served as a minister of education, 1964-1969, and was president of the foundation Pro Oriente, and the Hammer-Purgstall Gesellschaft. His writings include Das gemeinsame Credo (1983). He died 22 December 1994. DtBE; WhoAustria, 1967, 1969/70 Pigasse, Jean Paul, fl. 1967, he was a writer on politics and government. His writings include La difficulte d'informer; vetites sur la presse economtoue (1975), Les sept portes du futur (1981), and Quand Ie coq chantera (1986). LC Pigeaud, Theodore Gauthier Thomas, born 20 February 1899 at Leipzig, of Dutch parentage. After secondary education at den Haag, he studied Sanskrit, Arabic and archaeology at Leiden, where he gained a doctorate in 1924 with a thesis on an Indonesian subject. In the same year, he was named adviser on native and Arabic affairs and went to Java to take up his post at the bureau of native affairs. He remained in the Dutch East Indies until after the war, when he returned to Leiden. From 1960 to 1964, he was in charge of the Oriental manuscript preservation project at the Leiden university library. His writings include Javaans-nederlands handwoordenboek (1938), and he was joint author of Islamic states in Java, 1500-1700 (1976). He died 6 March 1988. Archipe/38 (1989), pp. 3-7 Pigeonneau, Henri, 1834-1892, a professor of history whose writings include Geographie commerciale et industrielle de la France et de ses colonies (1866), Histoire du commerce de la France (1885), and Geographie generale du monde et geographie du basin de la Mediterranee (1890). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Pigli, Mario, born 5 August 1904 at Firenze, he was an official in the school adminstration at Potenza. His writings include La clvllie italiana in Etiopia (1936), and Panorama del Harar (1937) as well as contributions to Azione coloniale, Civilta fascista, Critica fascista, Gerarchia, and Meridiano di Roma. Chi e? 1940; Vaccaro

Pignatel, Fernand, fl. 1925. His writings include Saint-Glinglin (1926), and Leo Poldes et Ie Club du Faubourg (1932). BN Pignedoli, Sergio, born 4 July 1910 at Felinadi di Reggio Emilia, he studied Church history and canon law at Pontifical institutions in Roma, and was a president of the Vatican Secretariat for non-Christians. He was created a cardinal in 1973. He died on 15 June 1980. IntWW, 1974-1980; NYT 16 June 1980, p. B-9, cols. 4-5; WhoWor, 1978/79

Pignon, Jean, fl. 1930. His writings include Genes et Tabarca en xvueme steele (Tunis, 1980), and he edited Un document ineal: sur la Tunisie en XVlle siecte (1963). Pigulevskaia, Nina Viktorovna, born in 1894 at St. Petersburg, she was a student of Byzantium and Semitics, and had learned Arabic from Ignatii Krachkovski. She received her doctorate in 1939. In the early 1920s she catalogued Oriental manuscripts at the Leningrad Public Library. She later became a lecturer at the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and during the siege of the city she also was deputy director of the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. She specialized in Byzantine and Sassanian history based on Christian-Syriac sources. Her writings include MeconomaMufi Ha py6e>Ke VVI. H.3. (1940), Cupuilcsue ucmounuxu no ucmopuu nepoooe CCCP (1941), Busenmu» u MpaH Ha py6e>Ke VI u VII eesoe (1946), Busenmun Ha nymnx e MHOUIO (1951), its translation, Byzanz auf den Wegen nach Indien (1969), ropooe MpaHa s paHHeM cpeoHeeeKoebe (1956), its French translation, Les villes de I'Etat iranien aux epoques parthe et sassanide (1963), and its Persian translation in 1988, Apa6bl y epenuu Busenrnuu u MpaHa 8 IV-VI 88 (1964), and 5nU>KHUii Bocmo«, Busenmu», cneenne (1976). She died in Leningrad, 17 February 1970. 1.1. (1); Miliband; Miliband2 ; ZDMG 121 (1971), pp.1-6 Pihan, Antoine Paulin, born 25 February 1810 at Paris. After a classical education at the College Charlemagne, he joined the Imprimerie Royal as a trainee in Oriental typography. He studied Oriental languages, notably Arabic, Persian, and Turkish under Grangeret de La Grange. His writings include Elements de la langue algerienne (1851), Expose des signes de numeration usltes chez les peuples orienatux (1860), Choix de fables et historiettes, traduites de I'arabe (1866), and Dictionnaire etymologique des mots de la langue trenceise derives de I'arabe, du persan ou du turc, avec leurs

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Pijnappel, Janus, born in 1822 at Amsterdam. After obtaining a doctorate in 1845 at Leiden with a thesis entitled, Vitae ex lexico biographico Ibn Callicanis, he successively was a professor of Malay at the Delftsche Akademie, and his alma mater, from 1846 to his retirement in 1889. His writings include Geographie van Nederlandsch-Indie (1963), and Maleisch-nederduitsch woordenboek (1863). He died in Nijmegen in 1901. Bezemer; NieuwNBW, vol. 2, col. 1142 Pijoan y Soteras, Jose (Josep), born in 1881 at Barcelona, he studied at the Escola d'Arquitectura, Barcelona. He was a historian of art. His writings include Historia del arte (1914-1916), and Historia del mundo (1926-1941). He died in Lausanne, in 1963. Dice bio

Pijper, Guillaume Frederic, born 6 April 1893 at Berkhout, the Netherlands, he studied theology and Oriental languages at Leiden, where he received a doctorate in 1924 for Het boek der duizend vragen. From 1934 to 1935 he travelled in Arabia, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria. He suc-cessively was a teacher of Oriental languages at the Nederlandsch Zendingsschool, and a professor of Arabic and Islam in the Netherlands East Indies. From 1953 until his retirement, he was a professor at Amsterdam. His writings include Fragmenta Is/amica (1934), the booklet, Islam and the Netherlands (1957), and he translated De edelgesteenten der geloofsleer, from the Arabic of Tahir al-Jaza'iri (1948). WhoNL, 1962/63; Wie is dat6 (1956)

Pike, J. G. From 1974 to 1981 he was in Qatar in the service of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. as a manager for projetcs. In May 1981 he became chief technical adviser to the Department of Agricultural and Water Research, Qatar Ministry of Industry and Agriculture. His writings include An agricultural development plan, 1980-2000 (1982). LC

Pike, Ruth, born 26 July 1931 at N.Y.C., she was a graduate of Columbia University, where she also received a Ph.D. in 1959 with a thesis entitled, The Genoese in Seville and the opening of the New World. Since 1951 she was a professor of history at Hunter College, N.Y.C. Her writings include Enterprise and adventure; the Genoese in Sevilla and the opening of the New Wold (1966), Aristocrats and traders; Sevillian society in the sixteenth century (1972), its translation, Arist6cratas y comerciantes (1978), and Penal servitude in early modern Spain (1983). ConAu, 112, 134; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982

Pike, Ruthven Wedgwood. She obtained a Ph.D. in 1928 at the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled, The geology of a portion of the Crystal City quadrangle, Missoury. LC Pikulin, Mikhail Grigor'evich, born in 1905 at Ostrogozhsk, Russia, he was a graduate of the Leningrad Oriental Institute, and obtained a doctorate in 1933 at Tashkent with a thesis entitled, 5enyo>Ku; ucmopuxo-esononucecxuc ouep«. His writings include Peseumue Hau,uoHanbHou 3KOHOMUKU u Kynbmypbl AcPaaHucmaHa, 1956-1960 (1961), Ol/epK no aapapHoMy eonpocy B AcPaaHucmaHe(1965), 5paayu (1967), and he edited npoMblwneHHocmb u pa60l/uu «necc AcPaaHucmaHa, 1973-1978 ee. (1984). He died 12 January 1987. Miliband; Miliband 2 Pifaszewicz, Stanislaw, fl. 1969, he was a Polish Africanist whose writings include Afrykanska Ksi~ga Rodzaju (1978), Alhadti Umetu, (1958-1934), poeta ludu Hausa (1981), Historia Iiteratur afrykanskich w j~zykach rodzimych (1983), W cieniu krzyta i polkslezyce (1986), and he edited Literatures in African languages (1985). LC Pilkington, Frederick, fl. 1957, he was a Methodist clergyman whose writings include Lifting the vizor (London, 1946), and Daybreak in Jamaica (London, 1950).

BLC

Pillay, Kolappa Pillay Kanakasahhapathi, born early 20th cent., he was a professor in the Department of History, Presidency College, Madras. His writings include The Sucindram Temple (1953), a work which is based on his thesis submitted to Madras University in 1946 and entitled History of higher education in South India (1957), South India and Ceylon (1963), A social history of Tamils (1969), and Studies in Indian history (1979). LC Pillet, Maurice Louis Ernest, born in 1881 at Mantes-sur-Seine, he studied at the Ecole des beauxarts, Paris, and later was affiliated with the Institut francais d'archeoloqie orientale du Caire. He participated in excavations in Persia, and was active in other parts of the Islamic world. His writings include Le pa/ais de Darius ler (1914), and its translation, Kakh-i Dariyush-i Buzurg das Shush (1959). He died in 1964. Egyptology Pillitu, Paola Anna, born in 1940, her writings include Lo stato di necessne nel diritto internazionale (1981).

LC

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Pillorget, Rene, born in 1924, he was a professor at the Unlversite de Lille and at the Institut catholique de Paris. His writings include Quelques notes sur I'insurrection Mau-Mau (1987), Paris sous les premiers Bourbons, 1594-1661 (1988), and he was joint author, with Suzanne Pillorget, of France baroque, France classique, 1589-1715 (1996). LC Pillsbury, Barbara Linne nee Kroll, she received a Ph.D. from Columbia University for Cohesion and cleavage in a Chinese Muslim community. In 1995 she was affiliated with the Department of Social Sciences, Ferris State University at Big Rapids, Mich. Her writings include Traditional health care in the Near East; a report for the U.S. Agency for International Development (1978), medical learning in North America; a handbook for Chinese visiting scholars in the United States and Canada (1986), and she was joint editor of Muslim-Christian conflicts (1978). LC; NatFacDr, 1995 Pil'shchikova (Pilszczykowa), Nina, born 30 June 1927 at Saratov, Russia, she was an Africanist who obtained a doctorate at Leningrad in 1954. She later was affiliated with Universytet Warszawski. Her writings include Fneeonsue» cucmeue R3blKa xayca (1957), and The changing form (grade 2) of the verb in Hausa (1969). LC; Unesco Pim, Bedford Clapperton Trevelyan, born in 1826 at Bedford, Devonshire, he was an admiral and a barrister. In the early 1850s he participated in Arctic explorations. His writings include The Eastern question, past, present, and future (1877). He died in 1886. DNB; Henze; Master (1) Pinchuk (Pints'uk), Ben-Cion, fl. 1973. His writings include the booklet, Bibliyografiyah le-toldot Rusyah (1966), The Octobrists in the Third Duma, 1907-1912 (1974), a work which is based on his University of Washington thesis, and Shtetl Jews under Soviet rule (1991). LC Pinczower, Ephraim, born 27 April 1873 at Nikolai, Germany, he was a joint compiler of the O. Harrassowitz, Leipzig, sales' catalogues nos. 431-436 entitled, Bibliotheca Judaica-Hebraica-Rabbinica (Leipzig, 1931-1932). He died in Berlin, 12 March 1930. GV; LC Pinder-Wilson, Ralph Hutchinson, born in 1919 at London, he was since 1969 a deputy keeper at the Department of Oriental Antiquities, British Museum. His writings include Paintings from the Muslim courts of India (1976), and Studies in Islamic art (1985). Au&Wr, 1971 Pinegina, Lidiia Alekseevna. Her writings include MeoHblu eueenm; ucmopunecxuo ouep« (Alma-Ata, 1963), ,[f)Ke3Ka3aaH - eopoo Meou; ucmopunecsuii ouep« (Alma-Ata, 1966), and CoeemcuiJ pa60cuu «necc u xyoo)KeCmeeHHaR Kynbmypa, 1917-1932 (Moscow, 1984). LC Pines, Shlomo (Salomon), born 5 August 1908 at Paris of Latvian parentage. As a teenager he spent restless years in Riga, Archangel, London, Berlin, and Danzig. In 1925 he began to study at Heidelberg, Geneve, and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. degree in 1936 with a thesis entitled, Beitrage zur islamischen Atomenlehre. He was a friend of Paul Kraus and a research pupil of Hans H. Schaeder. From 1937 to 1939, he was a lecturer in the history of science at the Institut des sciences et des techniques, Universite de Paris. Since 1952 he was a professor at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. He wrote on Arabic and Hebrew philosophy and science. His writings include Nouvelles etudes sur Awhad el-Zemen Abu-I-Barakat al-Baghdadl (1955), An Arabic version of the Testimonium Flavianum and its implications (1971), and The collected works (1979-86). He died in 1990. Schwarz; Wholsrael, 1966/67-1973/741; WhoWor, 1974/75; WhoWorJ,1965

Pingaud, Leones, born in 1841 at Besancon, he started lecturing in French literature at the Faculte des lettres de Clermont-Ferrand in 1873. He later became a professor in the same subject at Besancon, where he remained until his retirement. He was a member of the Academie de Besancon, and a writer of historical biographies which he partly published under the pseudonym Pierre Philibert. He died in Ornans (Doubs), 22 September 1923. IndexBFr2 (2) Pingaud, Marie Claude, fl. 1965. Her writings include Paysans en Bourgogne (Paris, 1978), and she was joint editor of La genealogie entre science et passion (1997). LC Pingaud, Pierre Marie Albert, born 27 June 1869 at Ornans (Doubs), he was educated at the tycee de Besancon and l'Ecole normale superieure, and gained a doctorate in 1914 at Paris with a thesis entitled, Notices et documents biographiques sur I'histoire de la Republioue italienne, 1802-1805. He entered the diplomatic service in 1896 and later served as a consul. IndexBFr2 (1), Qui etee-vous. 1924 Pingree, David Edwin, born 2 January 1933 at New Haven, Conn., he was a graduate of Harvard, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1960 with a thesis entitled Materials for the study of the transmission of Greek astrology to India. He was a professor at the University of Chicago from 1963 to 1971, when he moved to the Department of Classics, Brown University, Providence, R.I., a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include The thousands of Abu Ma'shar (1968), The astronomical works of Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Gregory Chioniades (1985-86); he was joint author of The astronomical history of Masha'allah (1971), Levi Ben Gershon's prognostication for the conjunction of 1345 (1990); and he edited Dorothei Sidonii Carmen astrologicum (1976). WhoAm, 1984/85; NatFacDr, 1995

Pinhey, Sir Alexander Fleetwood, Itieutenant-colonel, he served as a colonial administrator in India and was resident in Mewar from 1900 to 1906. His writings include History of Mewar (c1909, 1996). He died in Hyderabad, 7 April 1916. Riddick, Who was who, 2 Pinilla Melguizo, Rafael, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in Semitic philology, with particular reference to Arabic language and literature. Throughout the 1990s he was a professor of Arabic in the Universidad de C6rdoba. Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997

Pinner, Ludwig, born 2 February 1890 at Berlin, he studied at Berlin, MOnchen, and Halle. From 1921 to 1931 he was head of the Agricultural Experimental Station in Palestine. Thereafter he became a business executive. In 1964 he was affiliated with the Afro-Asian Institute for Labour Studies and Cooperation, Tel-Aviv. His writinqs include the booklet, Co-operation in the private sector of Israel (1964), and he was joint author of Haavara Transfer nach Palastina und Einwanderung deutscher Juden, 1933-1939 (1972). Wholsrael, 1966/67, 1968 Pinner, Robert, fl. 1978. His writings include The Rickmess collection; Turkoman rugs in the Ethnographic Museum, Berlin (1993); he was joint author of Aspects of the weaving and decorative arts of Central Asia (1980), and he translated Oriental carpets in the Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin, from the German of Friedrich Spuhler (1988). LC Pinon, Rene, born 5 February 1870 at Montbard (Cote-d'Or), After completing his studies at Dijon, he went to Paris for his agregation and then remained there for the rest of his life. He came to hold a chair at l'I~cole libre des sciences politiques, where he prepared many students for entrance to the Ministere des Affaires Etranqeres. He died unnoticed on 29 September, or 1 October, 1958, leaving behind the remembrance of a couretous and modest man. His writings include L'empire de la Mediterranee (1904), L'Europe et lajeune Turquie (1911), and Au Maroc (1935). DBFC, 1954/55; Quietesvous, 1924; Hommes et destins, vol. 1, pp. 481-484

Pinson, Mark, born about 1940, he received a Ph.D. at Harvard in 1970 with a thesis entitled, Demographic warfare, an aspect of Ottoman and Russian policies, 1854-1866. He edited The Muslims of Bosnia-Hercegovina; their historic development (1994). LC

Pinto, Olga nee Trappe, born in 1903 at Avzyan, Russia, she studied liberal arts and Arabic in Italy and became a librarian, library administrator, and a professor of library science. Her writings include Manuale del bibliotecario delle piccole e medie biblioteche (1936), and Guida bibliografica per 10 studente di lettere e di magistero (1947). Chi e, 1948, 1957, 19611; Chi scrive; Gastaldi; Vaccaro

Pints'uk, B. see Pinch uk, Ben-Cion Piola Caselli, Eduardo, Conte, born 2 March 1868 at Livorno, Italy, he obtained a doctorate and became a judge at Roma. In 1908, he was a magistrate in the international mixed tribunal at Cairo, and in 1916, he was an adviser to the Sultan of Egypt, head of the Affairs in Litigation at the Ministry of the Interior, and a member, and sometime president, of the Societe sultanieh d'econornte politique, de statistique et de legislation. His writings include Del diritto di autore secondo la legge italiana comparata con Ie leggi straniere (1907), and La magistratura (1907). He died in 1934. Chi e, 1931, 1936, 1940; Imperatori

Piot (Bey), Jean Baptiste, born 7 December 1857 at Charcenne (Haute-Saone), he was educated at the College de Gray, and studied at l'Ecole veterinaire d'Alfort, where he graduated in 1879. After two years as a tutor in general pathology, he accepted a post at the Services veterinaires of the Administration des domaines de l'Etat egyptien, whose director he became in 1899. He was a widely acclaimed and honoured veterinarian and bacteriologist whose efforts contributed greatly to animal husbandry not only in Egypt but also in Lebanon, where, after his retirement, he fought a bovine pestilence in 1927. During his long inspection tours in the Delta around the turn of the century, he came to gain intimate insight into the life of the rural population whose language he quickly learned. He later trained Egyptian veterinarians in their own language at the Ecole veterinalre du Caire. He was elected member of the Institut egyptien in 1885, and later became its vice-president. He was a prolific writer in his field, and died in his adopted country in 1935. Bulletin de I'Institut d'Egypte 17 (1934/35), pp. xxvii-xl

Piotrovskii, Mikhail Borisovich, born 9 December 1944 at Erevan, he was a director of the State Hermitage Museum in Leningrad. His writings include !O)I(HaR Apee» a pennee cpeoneeeuoe« (1985), Kopenuuecxue CKa3aHUR (1991); and he edited Apa6cKHe C04UHeHUR a eepeacxot) apaepuKe (1987). Miliband 2

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Piper, Ralph A. He was in 1965/66 a Fulbright professor in physical education in Iraq, and in 1966, he held a position at the University of Minnesota. His writings include the booklet, Night football; status, principles and standards of lightening (Minneapolis, 1941). LC Pipes, Daniel, born 9 September 1949 at Boston, Mass, he was a graduate of Harvard, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1978 with a thesis which he published in 1981 entitled Slave soldiers and Islam; the genesis of a military system (1980). He was successively a professor at Harvard and the U.S. Naval War College, and, since 1986, a director at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. His writings include Greater Syria (1990), The Rushdie affair (1990), Sandstorm; Middle East conflicts & America (1993), and Conspiracy (1997). WhoAm, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996; WhoWor, 1993/94 Pipes, Richard Edgar, born 11 July 1923 at Cieszyn, Poland, he was a professor of Russian history at Harvard, where he also was a director of the Russian Research Center from 1968 to 1973. His writings include The Formation of the Soviet Union; communism and nationalism, 1917-1923 (1964), and Russia under the old regime (1974). Bioln, 12, 13; CnDiAmJBi; ConAu, 158; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; EncJud; Master (3); WhoAm, 1974-1999; WrDr, 1976/78-1999

Pipinelis, Panayotis Nikolaou, born in 1899 at Piraeus, he studied law and political science in Switzerland. In 1922 entered the Greek foreign service where he represented Greece in the capitals of the world for almost fifty-two years. He was a foreign minister whose diplomatic acumen and realism were instrumental in averting a Greek-Turkish war over Cyprus in November, 1967. He was briefly prime minister in the summer of 1963. He died in Athens, 19 July 1970. Bioln, 9 (2); EEE; Hellenikon, 1965; NYT 20 July 1970, p. 27, cols. 1-2; ObitT,1961

Pippidi, Andrei, fl. 1974. His writings include Contributii la studiul legilos rezootulut in evul mediu (Bucuresti, 1974), Hommes et idees du Sud-Est europeen I'aube de I'age moderne (Bucuresti, 1980), and Traditia poiJitica bizantina in tariJeromene in secolele XVI-XVIII (Bucuresti, 1983), LC

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Piquet, Victor, born in 1876. His writings include La colonisation trencelse dans I'Afrique du nord (1912), Le Peuple marocain (1925), L'Algerie ttenceise (1930), and Autour des monuments musulmans du Maghreb (1948). NUC, pre-1956 Piramird (Piramerd), Tawfiq Mahmud, born in 1867 at Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, he was a trained lawyer and a journalist, resident in Constantinople from 1898 to 1908, when he became successively governor of Hakkari and Amasya. In 1925, he returned to his home town, where he was active as a journalist until his death in 1950. DcOrL, vol. 3, pp. 150-151; Fuad, pp. xlv-xlvi Pireiko, Liia Aleksandrovna, born 27 December 1928 at Moscow, she graduated in 1952 from the Philological Faculty, Moscow State University, and became a member of the Philological Institute at the Soviet Academy of Science in 1955. Her writings include Ocnoenue eottpocu speemuenocmu ne Mamepuane unooupenucxux nsusoe (1968), and Tenuiucxo-oyccrut: cnoeep» (1976). Miliband; Miliband2 Pirelli, Alberto, born 28 April 1882 at Milano, he studied at Milano and Genova and gained a law degree. He became president of Pirelli Societa, Milano. He died 19 October 1971. Bioln, 4, 9; Chi e, 1961; NYT 20 October 1971, p. 50, cols. 3-4; WhAm, 5, 7; Wholtaly, 1958

Pirenne, Henri, born 23 December 1862 at Verviers, Belgium, he was educated at the universities of Liege, Leipzig, and Berlin. From 1886 until his death he was a professor of medieval history at the Universite de Gent. His most original work, Mahomet et Charlemagne, appeared posthumously in 1937. Two years later, translations were published in English, German, and Italian. He died in Uccle, 24 October 1935. Biographie nationale [de Belgique], Bruxelles, 30 (1959), 671-723; Byzantion 10 (1935), pp. 813-819 Pirenne, Jacqueline (}KaKIH1H nLt1peH), she gained a doctorate at the Universite de Louvain in 1956 for the first volume of her Paleographie des inscriptions sud-arabes. In 1979, she was a directeur de recherche at the C.N.R.S., Paris. Her writings include A la decouverte de l'Arabie (1958), its translation, OmKpblmHe Apaauu (1970), La Maitrise de I'eau en Arabie du sud antique; six types de monuments techniques (1977), Mes fils de la rue Addis-Abeba (1989), and Le Temoins ecrites de la region de Shabwa et I'histoire (1990). LC

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Pires de Lima, Durval Rui, born 22 December 1905 at Lisboa, he was a trained librarian and archivist, and became successively a keeper at the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, the Arquivo Distrital do Porto, and the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa. His writings include Portugal em Africa (1931), and 0 Oriente e a Africa desde a resteureceo a Pombal (1946). QuemPort, 1947 Pirone, Bartolomeo, he was a Franciscan Father who studied as a seminarist in an institute in the Holy Land. His writings include Profilo della famiglia nell'islam (Jerusalem, 1975), and he was joint author of Annotazione e rimembranze (Milano, 1981). Note

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Pirone, Michele, born 13 July 1903 at Petrograd, he received a doctorate in 1924 from the Unlversita di Roma. He was a civil servant and for over fifteen years a senior lecturer in African history at the Istituto Universitario della Somalia in Mogadishu. His writings include Appunti di storia dell'Africa (1962), and Appunti di diritto con-suetudnario somalo; anna accademico, 1970/71 (1970). Unesco; WhoWor, 1974/75

Pirrie, Francis William, born in 1867, he was a graduate of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and served in the Indian Army. He was posted to Chitral, the North-West Frontier Province, and Mesopotamia. He joined the Survey of India Department in 1895. He retired with the rank of colonel in 1922 and died in 1948. Britlnd (1); Who was who, 4 Pirson, Robert Emile, born 5 December 1913 at Schaerbeek, Belgium, he was a barrister-at-Iaw, and a professor at the Faculte de droit de l'Universite libre de Bruxelles. In 1989 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Melanges offerts a Robert Pirson. Qui est qui en Belgique francophone, 1981-85 Pirzada, Syed Sharifuddin, born 12 June 1923 at Burhanpur, India, he was a lawyer and a politician, and a sometime foreign minister of Pakistan and attorney-general of Pakistan. His writings include Leaders' correspondence with Mr. Jinnah (1944), Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Pakistan (1989), and Speeches and statements (1987). International who's who, 1974-2002; Biography and genealogy master index (1); Who's who, 1983-2004

Pisani, Paul, l'abbe, born in 1852, he obtained a doctorate in letters and became a lecturer at the Institut catholique de Paris. Since 1892 he was canon of Paris. His writings include La Dalmatie de 1797 a 1815 (1893), Les Compagnies des pretres du XVle au XVlle siecle (1928), and its translation, The Congregations of priests from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century (1930). BN; LC Pisani, Vittore, born 23 February 1899 at Roma (or Corfu), he studied at the Facolta di Lettere e Filosofia, Roma. He was a professor linguistics at the Universita di Cagliari from 1935 to 1938, when he changed to the Unlverslta di Milano, where he remained until his retirement in 1964. He was the founding director of the journal Paideia. The Universltat Bonn conferred on him an honorary doctorate in 1969. His writings include Glottologia indeuropea (1943), L'etimologia (1947), and Storia delle letterature antiche dell'lndia (1954). BioB134; Chi e, 1948, 1957, 1961; IndBI (2); KOrschner, 1980, 1983, 1987, 19921; Wholtaly, 1958, 1980

Pisar, Milivoj, fl. 1977. His writings include Tito on disarmament (Beograd, 1978), and he was joint author of Dragi predseanlce Tito (Beograd, 1980). LC Pisarchik, Antonina Konstantinovna, born 10 (23) May 1907 at Kokand (Turkistan), she graduated from the Oriental Faculty, Central-Asian State University, Tashkent, in 1929. Her writings on the architecture and ethnography of Central Asia include HapooHafi epxumekmyoe CaMapKaHoa XIX-XX ee. (1975), Amali hunarmandoni tojik (1987), and she edited Mcmopufl u emnoepediu« nepoooe CpeoHeiJ A3UU (1981), and she was joint editor of MamepuanbHafi Kynbmypa maO>KUKOe eepxoeee 3epaewaHa (1973). She died 5 January 1995. EST; Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Schoeberlein Pisarev, IUrii Alekseevich, born in 1916, he obtained a doctorate. His writings include Oce060oumensnoe OeU>KeHUe toeocneenncxux nepoooe Aecmpo-BeHapuu, 1905-1914 (1962), 06pa30eaHue nyeocneecsoeo eocyoepcmee (1975), Benuxu Oep>Kaebl u 5anKaHbi nesenyne nepeoiJ vuooeoti eoiJHbl (1985), and TaiJHblnepeoiJ vupoeot) eoiJHbl (1990). LC; NUC, 1956-1967 Pisarev, Vissarion Modestovich, born 18 July 1877 at Moscow. In 1901 he taught at the Oriental Faculty, St. Petersburg. His trace is lost after an article published in 1901. BiobibSOT, p. 238 Piscatori, James P., born 14 April 1949. In 1991, he taught at the University of Wales and was an associate fellow of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. His writings include International relations of the Asian Muslim states (1986), Islam in a world of nation-states (1986); he was joint author of Muslim travellers; pilgrimage, migration, and the religious imagination (1990), Muslim politics (1996); and he edited Islam in the political process (1983), and Islamic fundamentalisms and the Gulf crisis (1991). DrBSMES, 1993; LC Pischon, Carl Nathanael, fl. 1858. His writings include Die protestantischen Armenier und ihre Bitte an das evangelische Deutschland (1863), Ober Bul3- und Bettage besonders in Preul3en (1873), and Der Einflul3 des Islam auf das hausliche, soziale und politische Leben seiner Bekenner (1881). GV Piskaty, Kurt, born 26 November 1932, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1963 at the Universitat MOnster with a thesis entitled Die katholische Missionsschule in Nusa Tenggara. He was a lecturer in missions at the Theologisch-Philosophische Hochschule 81. Gabriel in Modling near Wien. His writings include Nusa Tenggara; 50 Jahre Steyler Missionare in Indonesien, 1913-1963 (1963), and its translation into

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Indonesian in 1966, and he edited Mission als Auftrag Gottes an uns (1966). He died in the mid-1990s according to postal information. KOrschner, 1980-1992 Pissaloux, Robert, fl. 1954, he was affiliated with the Service tunisien des statistiques. His writings include the booklet, Situation de I'elevage dans t'economie agricole de la Tunisie (1950). LC Pisson, Georges, born 19th cent., he travelled in Armenia and Kurdistan around 1890. He was joint author of Owgheworowt'iwn i P'ok'r Asia (Wien, 1892). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Pistarino, Geo, born 30 November 1917 at Alessandria, Italy, he was a professor of medieval history in the Istituto di Medievistica, Unlversita di Genova. His writings include La falsa genealogia dei Malaspina di Corsica (1958), Liguria medievale (1968), Castelli del Monferrato meridionale nella provincia di Alessandria (1970). In 1997 he was honoured by Oriente e Occidente tra medioevo ed eta moderna; studi in onore di Geo Pistarino. IndBiital; Lui, chi e, Wholtaly, 1988-94 Pistoso, Maurizio, born about 1945, he taught Persian at Bologna throughout the 1990s. His writings Pinclude Note ad alcuni capitoli del Siyasatname (1983), and II pazzo sacro nell'islam (2000). LC Pita Andrade, Jose Manuel, born 1 November 1922 at La Cotuna, he was a professor of history of art at the Universidad de Granada, and for twenty years an honorary director of the Museo del Prado. His writings include Cemedretes d'Espagne (1951). Quien, 1985, 1993, 1998; WhoSpain, 1963, 1987, 1990 Pitassio, Armando, fl. 1978, he was a joint author of Nascita di uno stato balcanico; la Bulgaria di Alessandro di Battenberg nella corrispondenza diplomatica italiana (1988). LC Pitskhelauri, Grigorii Zakharovich, fl. 1971, his writings include BKnao M. P. Tepxnuuieunu B npo6neMy ooneonemus u cmapocmu (1968), The Longliving of Soviet Georgia (1982), and Meouu,uHa u euoeouiuec» MeouKucpeoneeexoeoeo Bocmoxe (1982). LC Pitt-Rivers, Julian Alfred, born 16 March 1919 at London, he was educated at the Universite de Grenoble, l'Ecole libre des sciences politiques, Paris, and Oxford University, where he gained a D.Phil. in 1953 with a thesis entitled The people of the Sierra. He was a teacher and riding master to King Faisal II of Iraq from 1945 to 1947 and subsequently a professor of anthropology in the U.S.A., France, and England. His writings include The Fate of Shechem, or the politics of sex (1977), and he edited Mediterranean countrymen (1963). ConAu, 101 Pittard, Eugene, born 5 June 1867, he studied at the universities of Geneve and Lausanne. He started out as a zoologist, but soon discovered that anthropology was his real interest and vocation. He was no narrow specialist; everything concerning man interested him. Thus when prehistoric archaeology blossomed towards the start of the twentieth century, he was one of its foremost exponents. He was successively a professor at the Universite de Geneve, keeper, and later director, at the Musee d'Ethnographie, Geneve. His writings include Les Peuples des Balkans (1916), Les Races et I'histoire (1924), its translation, Race and history (1926), and A travers l'Asie-Mineure (1931) He died in 1963. LC; Nature 200 (1963), p. 120; WhoSwi, 1950/51

Pitte, Jean Robert, born in 1949, he received a doctorate in 1975 from the Sorbonne with a thesis entitled Nouakchott, capital de la Mauritanie. He became a historical geographer at the Sorbonne. His writings include Histoire du paysage trenceis (1983), and Terres de Castanide (1986). LC Pitts, Joseph, born in 1662 or 1663 at Exeter, he went to sea at the age of fifteen. While the vessel was sailing off the coast of Spain the crew ran foul of Algerian corsairs and the entire crew was taken prisoner and sold into slavery at Alger. Under torture he apostatized and became a Muslim. He learned Arabic and Turkish and was familiar with Islamic customs. His last master took him along on the pilgrimage to Mecca. After their return to Alger, it was some seven years before he had an opportunity to escape. He reached home in 1693 and seems to have lived quitely in Exeter for another forty years. He wrote A True and faithful account of the religion and manners of the Mohammatans (1704). Bidwell, pp. 23-27; ONB; Freeth, pp. 41-60 Piwarski, Kazimierz, born 19 February 1903 at Krakau, Austria-Hungary, he studied at Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Krakow, where he successively became a professor of history and president of the University. He wrote numerous works on Polish history which include Historia nowoiytna, 1648-1789 (1954). He died in 1968. Czywiesz,1938; NEP Pizzi, Italo, born 30 November 1849 at Parma, Italy, he was a professor of Persian language and literature at the Unlversita di Torino. The Universite de Louvain conferred on him an honorary doctorate. His writings include L'Epopea persiana (1888), Chrestomathie persane (1889), Elementa qremmaticae hebraicae (1909), L'lslamismo (1903), and Letteratura araba (1903). He died in 1920. Chi e, 1908; Gubernatis 1; Gubernatis 3; IndBI (7); Rovito

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Place, Richard, born 6 January 1930 at Erie, Pa., he was a graduate of Miami University, and received a Ph.D. in 1963 from the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis. In 1964 he became a professor of history at Wayne State University, where he specialized in early modern French history. DrAS, 1984, 1978,1982 H

Plaetschke, Bruno, born 19 October 1897 at Kempen, Germany, he served in the war, and in 1918 participated in the German expedition to Trans-Caucasia, at the end of which he served as an officer in the Republic of Georgia. After his return to Germany in 1920, he studied economics, geography as well as Slavic and Oriental languages at the universities in Breslau, Wien, and Konigsberg. From 1927 to 1928 he again travelled in the Caucasus, for the result of which he gained a doctorate in 1929 at the Unlversitat Konigsberg with a thesis entitled Die Tschetschenen; Forschungen zur Volkerkunde des noraostllcnen Kaukasus. From 1931 to 1932 he travelled in Manchuria and north-eastern Mongolia. He later became a research assistant at the Geographisches Institut, Universitat Konigsberg. During the second World War he saw action in the Crimea, where he contracted a disease from which he died in Berlin on 14 April 1942. His writings also include Das Bergland der nordwestlichen Manschurei (1937). DtBilnd (1) Planat, Jules, born 18th cent., he was a French regimental commander in the Egyptian Army under Ahmad Pasha and participated in the latter's 1824-1928 campaign against Asir. His writings include Histoire de la regeneration de I'Egypte (1830). Henze Planck, Ulrich, born 10 January 1922 at Stuttgart, he studied agronomy, in which field he received doctorates in 1953 and 1964. In 1966 he was appointed a professor of rural social research at the Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule, Stuttgart-Hohenheim. He was an International Labour Organization expert in Cairo, 1964-65, and a visiting professor at Ankara and Erzurum, 1970-71. His writings include Die tenallcbe TOrkei (1972), Iranische Dorter nach der Bodenreform (1974), and Lage und Probleme der Kinder in der lenallchen TOrkei (1990). KOrschner, 1970-1996 Plancke, Marc Louis Philippe Robert Antoine, born 13 June 1942 at Ronse, Belgium, he was educated at the Koninklijk Atheneum, Brugge, and the Lycee francais, Beirut, and he studied history of art and Oriental languages at the Rijksuniversiteit te Gent, where he also gained a doctorate. After postdoctoral studies at Frankfurt am Main and Tunis, he joined the staff of his alma mater in 1966 and later held successively the chair of Islamic studies and the chairmanship of the Seminarie voor Islamkunde en Modern Arabisch. He was a member of several academic and social societes. His writings include Het onderwijs in Tunisia (647-1964); bijdrage tot een historisch overzicht (1970). WieVlaand,1980 Planhol, Xavier Alphonse Pierre Marie, born 3 February 1926 at Paris. After gaining his doctorate and agregation, he taught geography of the Middle East and North Africa at the Universite de Nancy until 1969. Thereafter he taught the same subject at the Sorbonne until his retirement in 1994. He was a member of numerous academic societies. His writings include Les fondements geographiques de I'histoire de /'islam (1968), its translation, Kulturgeographische Grundlagen der islamischen Geschichte (1975), L'eau de neige; Ie tiede et Ie frais (1995), and Minorites en islam; geographie politique et sociale (1997). WhoFr, 2000 Plant, Richard J. His writings include Arabic coins and how to read them (1973), and Greek, Semitic, Asiatic coins and how to read them (1979). lC Plante, Julian Gerard, born in 1931 at St. Paul, Minn., he was a graduate of St. John's University, Minn., and received a Ph.D. in 1972 from Fordham University with a thesis entitled The library of Stift Reichersberg. Since 1973 he was a professor of classics, and a director, Manuscript Research Center at his alma mater. ConAu, 41-44; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 F; Master (2) Plantet, Eugene, fl. 1893. He was a sometime attache at the Mlnlstere des Affaires etranqeres, His writings include Mouley Ismail, empereur du Maroc, et la princesse de Gondi (1893), and he edited the Gorrespondance des beys de Tunis et des consuls de France, avec la Gour, 1577-1830 (1893-1899). BN

Plantey, Alain Gilles, born 19 July 1924 at Mulhouse, Alsace, he was educated at the universities of Bordeaux and Paris. He was a sometime professor at the Faculte de Paris, l'Ecole nationale d'administration, a diplomat, and a member of the Conseil d'Etat, and I'lnstitut. His writings include Droit pratique de la fonction publique internationale (1977), its translation, The international civil service (1981), and De la politique entre les etete (1987). In 1995 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, L'internationalite dans les institutions et Ie droit. IntWW, 1974-2000; Master (3); NDBA; WhoFr, 1979/80-2000 Plascov, Avi, he received a doctorate in 1978 from SOAS with a thesis entitled The Palestinian refugees in Jordinian politics, 1948-57. He made an extensive visit to the West Bank and Gaza, and was a research associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, London. His writings Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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include Modernization, political development, and stability (1981), The Palestinian refugees in Jordan, 1948-1957 (1981), and A Palestinian state? Examining the alternatives (1981). LC; Sluglett

Plaskowicka-Rymkiewicz, Stanistawa, fl. 1957, she was joint author of Historia literatury tureckiej; zarys (Wrodaw, 1971). LC

Plastun, Vladimir Nikitovich, born 2 October 1928 at Piatigorsk, Russia, he graduated in 1967 from the Institute of Oriental Philology, Moscow State University. He taught Russian in Iran, from 1967 to 1969, and in Afghanistan, from 1979 to 1980, and again from 1987 to 1988. Miliband 2

Plat, Jules X. Victor, born in 1863. After his graduation from the military college, Saint-Cyr, he joined the French marine corps. In 1887 he participated in the campaignes in French Guinea. He belonged to the contingent which explored the territory between Kayes, Dinguiraye and the source of the Senegal, and annexed Fouta-Djalon to France. He later was killed in action with pirates in Lang-Cai, Tonkin, on 14 November 1890. Henze von Plate, Bernard, fl. 1978, he was a research associate in the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Ebenhausen, Germany. He edited Europa auf dem Wege zur kollektiven Sicherheit? Konzeptionelle und organisatorische Entwicklungen der sicherheitspolitischen Institutitonen Europas (1994). LC von Platen, Fredrik August, born in 1790 in Finland, he was an eccentric person who, after a military career, studied both law and Arabic from 1812 to 1814 atTurku. After having served as a lawyer in St. Petersburg he retired to his estate and spent his time in writing and studying Arabic, of which he is said to have had a good command. In 1836 he set out for Syria by way of Italy and Constantinople, but the plague in Asia Minor compelled him to return. He died in 1868. Aalto, p. 13; ScBlnd (3)

Platon, Gheorghe. He was a writer on Rumanian history. His writings, all of which were published in

las! include Domeniul feudal din Moldova in preajma revolutiei de la 1848 (1973), Lupta Romani/or pentru unitate nationa/a (1974), and Geneza revolutiei romene de la 1848 (1980). LC Platt, Mary nee Schauffler, born in 1868, she was the daughter of the American missionary Dr. H. A. Schauffler and the widow of Benjamin Woods Labaree (1871-1904), and in later years associated with the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions. Her writings include The chi/d in the midst (1914), The heart with the open door (192-), The home with the open door (1920), A straight way toward tomorrow (1926), and Christ comes to the village (1931). She died in 1954. NUC; WhAm, 3 Platt, Thomas Comyn, 1875-1961 see Comyn-Platt, Sir Thomas Platti, Emilio, fl. 1997. He was a Dominican Father whose writings include La grande pctemtque antinestorienne de Yahya B. 'Adi (Louvian, 1981-82), and Yahya ibn 'Adi, theologien cnretien et phi/osophe arabe, sa tneotoqie de /'incarnation (1983). LC Platts, John Thompson, born 1 August 1830 at Calcutta, he was an inspector of schools in the Central Provinces of India, and later a head master of Benares College until ill-health compelled him to return to England, where he became a teacher of Persian at Oxford, and an examiner at the Indian Civil Service. His writings include A grammar of the Hindustani or Urdu language (1873), Ikhwanu-s-safa; or, Brothers of purity, translated from the Hindustani (1875), A dictionary of Urdu (1884), and A grammar of the Persian language (1984). He died in London, 21 September 1904. Buckland; DNB; Riddick

Plauchut, Edmond, born in 1824, his writings include Un naufrage aux TIes du Cap-Vert (1865), Les quatre campagnes militaires en 1874 (1975), and L'Egypte et I'occupation anglaise (1889). NUC Playfair, Sir Robert Lambert, born in 1828 at St. Andrews, he entered the Madras Army in 1846. He was Resident at Aden, 1852-62, Political Agent at Zanzibar, 1862, and Consul-general at Alger, 1867. His writings include A history of Arabia Felix, or Yemen (1859), and The story of the occupation of Persia (1886). Buckland,DNB; Riddick; Who was who,1 Plazikowsky-Brauner, Hermine, born 15 September 1888 at Brunn, Austria, she studied at Karls Unlversitat, Prag, and received a Dr.phil. in 1913 at Berlin for Ein athiopisch-amharisches Glossar (Sawasew). She was an archivist at the Orient-Institut in the Universltat Frankfurt am Main. Unesco

Plenderleith, Harold James, born in 1898, he was a graduate of St. Andrews University. For many years attached to the British Museum, London, he was a director of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, from 1959 to 1971. He died on 2 November 1997. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; Master (1); Who, 1959-1996; WhoWor, 1974/75 Plessner, Helmuth, born 4 September 1892 at Wiesbaden, he studied medicine, zoology and philosophy at the universities of Freiburg im Breisgau, Berlin, Heidelberg and Gottinqen, and received a

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Dr.phil. in 1917 at the Universltat Erlangen with a thesis entitled Vom Anfang als Prinzip der Bi/dung transzendentaler Wahrheit. He was a lecturer at Koln from 1920 to 1933, when he emigrated first to Istanbul and later to Groningen, where he remained until 1951. He then moved to the Universitat Gottingen until his retirement in 1961. During the last two years he served as the University's president. His writings include Krisis der transzendentalen Wahrheit im Anfang (1918), Grenzen der Gemeinschaft (1924), and Zwischen Phi/osophie und Gesellschaft (1953). He died in Gottingen, 12 June 1985. DtBE; IntAu&W,1977; KOrschner, 1931, 1954-1983

Plessner, Martin Meir, born 30 December 1900 at Posen, Prussia, he studied classics, Arabic and Hebrew, and received a Dr.phil. in 1925 at the Universltat Breslau with a thesis entitled Der Oikonomikus des Neupythagoreers Bryson und sein Einflul3 auf die Geschichte der Wissenschaften im Islam. He held a lectureship at the Universitat Frankfurt am Main from 1931 to 1933, when he

emigrated to Palestine to serve as a professor at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, until his retirement in 1969. His unusual personal circumstances restricted his academic work to few large pieces of research. He died in Jerusalem, 27 November 1973. EncJud; Islam 52 (1975), pp. 1-5; Schwarz; Wholsrael, 1955/67; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Pletneva, Svetlana Aleksandrovna, fl. 1974. Her writings include Ilonceeusue KaMeHHbie U3eaRHUR (1974), Xa3apbl (1976), Koueenuxu cpeoHeeeKoebR (1982),and she edited CpeoHeeeKoeble opeeHoemu eepesuacsux cmenea (1980). LC Pietsch, Alfred, born 25 May 1942 at BOndingen, Germany, he studied geography, Romance languages and ethnology at the universities of Marburg and Grenoble, and received a Dr.phil. in 1970 at Marburg with a thesis entitled Strukturwandlungen in der Oase Ora. Since 1973 he was a professor of geography at his alma mater. His writings include Moderne Wandlung der Landwirtschaft im Languedoc (1976), and Frankreich (1997). KOrschner,1980-19921; Schwarz Plewe, Ernst, born 22 May 1907 at Stargard, Prussia, he was successively a professor of geography at Heidelberg and Mannheim. His writings include Geographie in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart (1986). He died 18 May 1986. KOrschner, 1980-1987 Pleyte, Cornelius Marinus, born 24 June 1863 at Leiden, he was a keeper at museums in Leiden and Amsterdam, and briefly affiliated with E. J. Brill publishers, Leiden. He also visited the Dutch East Indies. He was an ethnographer and a teacher, but occasionally a difficult individual. His writings include De inlandsche nijverheid in West-Java als sociaal-ethnologisch verschijnsel (1911). He died 22 July 1917. BiBenelux (1) Plimpton, George Arthur, he was a graduate of Amherst, and studied law at Harvard. He later was awarded six LL.D. degrees. He was a publisher, a bibliophile, a president of the Council on TurkishAmerican Relations, New York, and concurrently a university administrator. He died in 1936. DAB; Master (4); WhAm, 1

Plowden, Sir Trevor John Chichele, 1846-1905 see Chichele-Plowden, Sir Trevor John Chichele Plum, Werner, born in 1925, he was a free-lance writer from 1949 to 1966, when he became a research associate in the Forschungsinstitut of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Bonn-Bad Godesberg. He wrote on cultural, social and economic aspects of industrialization. His writings include Aigerische Dichtung der Gegenwart (1959), Nordafrika, der Maghreb (1961), Gewerkschaften im Maghreb (1962), Sozialer Wandel im Maghreb (1967), German trade promotion in the first half of the nineteenth century (1974), Ais in Babel der Zement erfunden wurde (1979), and he edited Ungewohnliche Normalisierung (1984). LC Plumer, James Marshall, born 10 July 1899 at Newton Centre, Mass., he was a Harvard graduate who became a professor of East Asian art at the University of Michigan from 1935 to 1959. He published numerous articles on Chinese art. He died in Concord, N.H., 15 June 1960. Ars is/arnica 4 (1937), pp. 195-

200; Master index (1); Shavit - Asia

Plumley, Jack Martin, Rev., born 2 September 1910, he was a professor of Egyptology at Cambridge from 1957 to 1977. His writings include An introductory Coptic grammar (1948). He died 2 July 1999.

Who, 1959-1999

Plunkett, Edward, 16th baron Dunsany, 1808-1889 see Dunsany, Edward Plunkett, 16th baron Plunkett, George Tindall, born in 1842, he was an army officer who also served in the Sudan. He retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel and became an academic administrator in Dublin. He died in 1922. Who was who, 2

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Pobeguin, E.,born 19th cent., he was a French civil engineer who wrote Sur la cote ouest du Maroc (1908), and he was joint-author of Etude comparee de 1'0utHlage des ports franr;ais et etrangers (1912). Poboznlak, Tadeusz Bronislaw, born 2 July 1910 or 1916, he was a Polish Indo-Iranian scholar whose writings include Grammar of the Lovari dialect (1964), and Cyganie (1972). In 1983 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Studia Indo-Iranica. He died 1990 or 1991. LC; NEP; Przeglqd orientalistyczny 1995, pp.113-115

Poche, Christian, born 20th cent., his writings include La musique arabo-andalouse (Aries, 1995), and he was joint editor of Les danses dans Ie monde arabe, ou, I'heritage des eimees (Paris, 1996). LC von Pochhammer, Wilhelm, born 27 January 1892 at Berlin, he studied law at the universities of Freiburg im Breisgau, Berlin, Paris, Marburg, and Bonn, and then entered the foreign service. He was a diplomatic representative for India from 1924 to 1957. His writings include Die Auseinandersetzung um Tibets Grenzen (1962), Indiens Wirtschaft heute (1964), Indiens Weg zur Nation (1973), and its translation, India's road to nationhood (1981). Weristwer, 1955-19791 Pocock, Edward, 1604-1691 see Pococke, Edward Pococke, Edward, born in 1604, he was a graduate of Oxford, where he studied Arabic under William Bedwell, and became the first holder of the chair of Arabic at Oxford and delivered his inaugural lecture in 1636. His historical scholarship is most fUlly apparent in the short work which he entitled Specimen historicae Arabum. His other writings include A commentary on the prophecy of Joel (1691), and The theological works ... containing his Porta Mosis, and English commentaries on Hosea, Joel, Micah, and Malachi, to which is prefixed and account of his life and writings, by Leonard Twells (1740). He died in 1691. BSOAS 19 (1957), pp. 444-455; DcBiPP; DNB; EnBrit; Master (3) Pococke, Edward, 1648-1727. His writings include the edition with translation, Philosophus autodidactus, sive Epistola Abi Jaafarenb Tophail de Hai ebn Yokdhan (1671). DNB; FOck,p. 90 Pococke, Richard, born in 1704 at Southamptom, he was a graduate of Oxford, and a sometime bishop of Meath and Ossory. He travelled to Egypt and western Asia from 1737 to 1740, primarily for the study of classical antiquity, a journey which is the subject of A description of the East and some other countries (1743-45), and its translations, Beschreibung des Morgenlandes und einiger anderer Lander (1754), and Beschryuing van het Oosten, en van eenige andere landen (1776-80). He died in Charleville, Ireland in 1765. DcBiPP; DNB; Egyptology, Embacher; Henze Podea, Ion I., fl. 1938. His writings include Monografiajudetului Bra§ov (Brasov, 1938). LC Podeyn, Hans Carl, born 1 March 1894 at Hamburg, he was a social democrat primary school teacher, before his political views compelled him to make a living as a salesman until 1945. After the war he was a politician, government official, and, from 1954 to 1959, ambassador at Karachi. He died in Bad Homburg, 19 August 1965. DtBE Poels, John, fl. 1954. His writings include Without let or hindrance; a journey to Jugoslavia (London, 1953). BLC; LC Poetzelberger, Hans Andreas. He received a Dr.phil. in 1953 at Hamburg with a thesis entitled Die literarische Bedeutung des "Carta do achamento do Brasil" des Pero Vaz de Caminha im Zusammenhang mit der Ideologie der Renaissance und des Humanismus. His writings include EinfOhrung in das Indonesische (1965). GV Poeymireau, general, born in 1869 at Pau, France. After passing through the military college of StCyr, which he had entered in 1889, he received a commission as sous-lieutenant in 1891. With the rank of captain, he became posted, in 1891, at Headquarters of the Division de Constantine, Algeria. In March 1905, he was assigned to the Colonne de Berguent. General Lyautey who, at that time, was commanding the operations in the Territoires d'A"in-Sefra, recognized his ability and made him officier d'ordonnace. With this attachment to Lyautey, Poeymireau's centre of action shifted to Morocco. With his Moroccan regiment he participated in the 1914 battle of the Marne. Officier de la Legion d'honneur since 5 May 1915, he was severely wounded shortly afterwards and had to return to Morocco. There he became instrumental as a pacifyer of the country by use of force against the rebelling tribal forces. He died in Paris, in February 1924. Peyronnet, p. 534-537 Pogadaev, Viktor Aleksandrovich, born 20 November 1946 at Sakmura, Russia, he was a graduate of the Asia Africa Institute, Moscow State University. He was joint author of PyccKo-ManaiJ3uiJcKuiJ cnoeeps (1986). Miliband2

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Poghire, Cicerone, born in 1928 at Mascurei, Vaslui, Romania, he was a professor of Oriental languages at Bucurestl, and a visiting professor in the United States. During the early 1980s he lived in exile in Paris, and since 1987, he was successively a lecturer and professor of Romance languages at the Universitat Bochum. His writings include B. P. Hasdeu, Iingvist §i filolog (1968), and Philologica et linguistica; ausgewahlte Autsetze (1953-1983); Festsammlung zum 55. Geburtstag (Bochum 1983). KUrschner, 1987, 1992, 1996; WhoRom

Pognon, Henri, born in 1853, he was a French consul-general. His writings include L'inscription de Bavian (1879-80), Inscriptions mandartes des coupes de Khouabir (1898-99), Inscriptions semltloues de la Syrie, de la Mesopotamie et de la region de Mossoul (1907), Lettre au sujet d'une retorme du Ministere des affaires eirenqeres (1914), and he edited Les insciptions babyloniennes du wadi Brissa (1887). LC Poidebard, Antoine, born 11 November 1878 at Lyon, he entered the Societe de Jesus in 1897, and was sent on a mission to Armenia in 1904, where he learned Turkish and Armenian. During the war he was an army chaplain and a major, attached to the general staff of the British Force in northern Persia, where he had remarkable attainments in the knowledge of the whole of the Armenian problem. In 1918 the French Army seconded him to the general staff of the Armenian Army at Erevan. He went there by way of the Persian Gulf, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus, studying the communications along the way, a journey which he described in Voyages au carrefour des routes de Perse (1923). From 1926 to 1932 he carried on aerial prospecting in search of archaeological remains. His other writings include La trace de Rome dans Ie desert de Syrie (1925-32), and he edited Sidon, emeneqements antiques du port de Saida (1951). He died in Beirut, 17 January 1955. Hommes et destins, vii, pp. 404-405; IndexBFr 2 (2)

Poinssot, Julien, born in 1844. For a number of years he pursued archaeological explorations in North Africa, and later became the founding editor of the Bulletin trimestriel des antiquites africaines (1882 to 1885), and its successor, Revue de l'Afrique trenceise et des entiqultes africaines, (1886 to 1888). His writings include Voyage archeologique en Tunisie execute en 1882-83 sur I'ordre de S. E. Ie Ministre de /'instruction publique (1885). NUC, pre-1956 Poinssot, Louis, born 11 July 1879 at Paris. Equipped with degrees in law and liberal arts as well as a diploma from the Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, he entered the Ecole francalse de Rome in 1903, and continued along the road of archaeology which his father, Julien Poinssot, had abandoned. Under the auspices of the Minlstere de I'lnstruction Publique he went in 1907 to Tunisia, where he entered the Service des Antiqultes et Arts and remained there until his retirement in 1942, serving as its director since 1920. He was a member of several learned societies at home and abroad. His writings include Melanges de Carthage (1966), and he was joint author of creteres et cenaetebres de marbre trouves en mer pres de Mahdia (Tunis, 1930), and Guide deu Musee Alaoui (Tunis, 1950). He died in Paris, 27 August 1967. Cahiers de Tunisie 19, n.s. 75/76 (1971), pp. 241-244 Poirier, Jean Louis Francois, born 4 June 1921 at Haims (Vienne), he studied at the universities of Poitiers and Paris as well as the Ecole national de la France d'outre-mer, and Ecole nationale d'administration. He obtained doctorates in letters and law. He was an administrator, a lecturer, and a profesor until his retirement in 1990. His writings include Ethnologie generale (1968), Ethnologie regionale (1972-78), Les recits de vie; tneone et pratique (1983), and he was joint author of Ethnologie de I'Union trenceise (1953). Unesco; WhoFr, 1979-2000 Poirier, Rene Henri, born 20 October 1900 at Saigon, he studied at Paris where he received a doctorate in letters. He was a professor at the Universite d'Alger from 1934 to 1937, and at the Universite de Paris from 1947 to his retirement in 1971. He died 28 September 1995. WhoFr, 1965/66-1995/96 Poirmeur, Henri, fl. 1907. He was a lieutenant in the 1er Etranger. His writings include Notre vieiille Legion (1931). BN Poisat, Louis, born 12 July 1849 at Vieux-Thann (Alsace), he was educated at Belfort, Colmar and Metz, and studied law and philosophie at Paris. After serving in the Franco-Prussian war, he decided to enter the Compagnie de Jesus, and was ordained in 1881. He died after an operation in Nice on 1 February 1908. IndexBFr 2 (1); NDBA Poissenot, Michel, fl. 1956. His writings include De Platon

a Bergson (1986).

LC

Poisson, E. nee Guynemer (Madame Armand Poisson), died in 1924. She was the aunt of the famous French aviator Georges Guynemer. She was a translator of English works on Islam, for which she was qualified on account of her intimate knowledge of the Muslims of Egypt and Algeria. Revue indigene 19 (1924), p. 99

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Poissonier, Alfred, born 19th cent., he wrote Souvenirs d'Afrique (Poitiers, 1843), and the booklets, Observations generales sur la colonie d'Afrique (Poitiers, 1843), Corporations religieuses de 1'Algerie (Paris, 1848), Les Esc/aves tsiganes dans les principeutes danubiennes (Paris, 1955), and Expedition de Syrie; la nouvelle croisade (Paris, 1860). BN Poitrineau, Abel Henri Alphonse, born 15 March 1924 at Courcelles-de-Touraine (Indre-et-Loire), he studied at the universities of Clermont-Ferrand and Alger, and received doctorates in law and letters. He was a sometime teacher at the Lycee Carnot, Tunis, affiliated with the C.N.R.S., and a professor at Clermont-Ferrand. His writings include La Vie rurale en Basse-Auvergne (1965). WhoFr, 1975/761992/931

Pokrovskaia, Liudmila Aleksandrovna, born 18 March 1925 at Leningrad, she received a doctorate in 1974 with a thesis entitled cunmexcuc eeeeyscsoeo fl3b/Ka e cpaeHumeobHoM oceetuenuu. Her writings include TpaMMamuKa eeeeyscxoeo fl3b/Ka; aonemuse u MopepoIlOn1s:1 (1964), ClI1HTaKCll1C eeeeysceceo fl3b/Ka (1978), and TpaMMamuKa eeeeysceoeo fl3b/Ka; KpamKuu OLJepK (1990), and she was joint author of OLJepKU no cpeenumensnoc Mopeponoauu miooosux fl3b/Koe (1987). Miliband; Miliband 2

Pokrovskii, Mikhail Vladimirovich, 1897-1959, he gained a doctorate in history. His writings include Pycceo-eoueecckue mopeoeue cessu (1957), and 113 ucmopuu aOb/aoe e KOH~e XVIII-nepeou nonoeune XIX eeKa (1989). LC Polack, Jacob Eduard, 1818-1891 see Polak, Jacob Eduard Poladi, Hassan, born in 1944, he was a second generation Pakistani Hazara, and a naturalized American citizen. He wrote The Hazaras (1989). LC Poladian, Terenig, 1914-1963. He received a Ph.D. in 1944 from New York University for The educational role of the Armenian Church, and became a vartabet of the Armenian Church in New York. His writings include Refutation of the Encyclical of Gregory Peter Cardinal Aghagianian (Antelias, 1953), The role of Armenia in history, 3rd ed. (1970), and translations of ecclesiastical works from the Armenian. LC Polak, Jacob Eduard, born 12 November 1818 at Grofsmorln, Bohemia, he studied medicine at Prag and Wien, and received a Dr.med. in 1846. After post-doctoral studies at Wien, he went to Persia in 1851 where he was appointed court physician from 1855 to 1860. He established a medical school and a surgical clinic in Tehran, but also contributed to the scientific exploration of Persia. After his return to Austria, he practised at Wien and Bad Ischl. He again visited Persia in 1882. His writings include Persien, das Land und seine Bewohner (1865), its Persian translation, Safar-namah-i Pulak (1982), and Deutsch-persisches Konversationsworterbuch (1914). He died in Wien, 8 October 1891. EncJud; Henze; JewEnc; JOdLex; OBL; Wininger; Wurzbach

Polesskikh, Mikhail Romanovich, fl. 1971. His writings include ,apeeHeenecennue eepxyeeo nocypbfl u npUMoKwaHbfl (1977). LC Polevoi, Boris Petrovich, fl. 1973. His writings include Hoeoe 06 omxpumuu KaMLJamKU (1997). LC

Ileoeoomeoueemenu Cexenune (1959), and

Polevoi, Leontii Pavlovich, fl. 1975. His writings include Hau,uoHanbHo-aocyoapcmeeHHoe cmoon-

menscmeo e CCCP (1977).

LC

Pctlak, Abraham N., born 2 September 1910 at Kiev, he gained a doctorate and later became one of the first professors at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include Feudalism in Egypt, Syria, Palestine and the Lebanon, 1250-1900 (1939), Kazariyah (1944), and Be-kum Medinat Ytsre'e! (1955). Wholsrael, 1956-1969/70; WhoWorJ,1965 Pollak, Aleksandr Alekseevich, born in 1898 at Liubavichi, Russia, he gained a doctorate in 1954 with a thesis on the economics of Afghanistan. From 1956 to his death on 3 September 1985 he was affiliated with the Institute of World Economics and International Relations at the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include (/)u3ULJeCKafi eeoepediu» AepaaHucmaHa (1953), and 3KOHOMULJeCKUU cmooti AepaaHucmaHa (1964). Miliband 2 Pollakov, Genrikh Anatol'evich, fl. 1979. His writings include AepaaHucmaH peeomouuonuuti (1981). Pollakov, Leon, born 25 November 1910 at St. Petersburg, he received a doctorate at Paris, and was a directeur de recherches at the C.N.R.S. from 1954 to 1979. His writings include L'histoire de I'antisemitisme (1955), its translations, The history of anti-Semitism (1965), and Storia dell'antisemitismo (1974), De I'antisionisme a t'entisemisttsme (1969), and De Moscou a Beyrouth; essai sur la desWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

140 information (1983). He died in Paris, 8 December 1997.

Au&Wr,1971; ConAu, 104, 163; IntAu&W, 1976,

1977,1982; WhoFr, 1981/82-1997/98; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Poliakova, Elena Artemovna, born 30 March 1935 at Tashkent. Since 1962 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute at the Uzbek Academy of Science. Her writings include Bocm04HaR uuuuemxoe B coopenuu nncmumyme eocmosoeeoenun UMeHU A6y Peaxon 5epyHu AKaoeMuu ney« Y3CCP = Oriental miniatures of Abu Raihon Institute of Orientology of the UzSSR Academy of Sciences (1980), and she was joint author of Munuetmooe U numepemype eocmose; 3BOfllOlJ,UR 06pa3a 4eooBeKa (1987). Miliband2 Polidori, Filippo Luigi, born 23 February 1801 at Fano, Italy, he was a political activist and a sometime editor of the Gazzetta ufficiale. He died in Firenze in 1865. IndBI (2) Polier, Leon, he gained doctorates in 1903 and 1905 at the Universite de Toulouse with his theses entitled L'idee du juste salaire, and De I'expropriation pour cause d'utilite sociale au benefice d'entreprises privees. From 1910 to 1912 he was a lecturer in political science at the Egyptian University, Cairo. Baldinetti, pp. 79-80 Polignac, Jules F. A., born 19th cent.. His writings include France et is/amisme (Alger, 1893). BN Polimac, Abdulah, born 15 February 1912 at Polimlju (Rudo), he studied Islamic law and later became a professor of law at Sarajevo University. He died in Sarajevo, 27 September 1984. Anali Gazi HusrevBegove Biblioteke 11/12 (1985), pp. 335-336

Pollsensky, Josef Vincent, born 16 December 1915 at Prostejov, Moravia, he was educated in Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, and England. Since 1957 he was a professor of history at Universita Karolava, Praha. His writings include Jan Amos Komensky (1963), Canada and Czechoslovakia (1967), War and society in Europe, 1618-1648 (1978), Jiri z Podebrad, kral cesky (1997), and Casanova a joho svet (1997). CBS; ConAu, 107; Kdo je kdo, 1991/92; WhoWor, 1974/75

Politella, Joseph, born 20 September 1910 at Roccamonfina, Italy, he was a graduate of Massachusetts State College, and received a Ph.D. in 1938 from the University of Pennsylvania for Platonism, Aristotelianism and cabalism in the philosophy of Leibniz. From 1946 to his retirement in 1973 he was a professor of philosophy at Kent State University, Ohio. His writings include Seven religions (1955), Religion and education; an annotated bibliography (1956), and Taoism and Confucianism (1967). He died in Kent, Ohio, on 31 January 1975. ConAu, P-2, 21-22; DrAS, 1974 P; NatCAB, vol. 63, p. 320; WhAm, 6 Politis, Nicolas (Nikolaos) Socrate, born in 1872 at Kerkira (Corfu), he gained a doctorate in law at Paris in 1894. He was a professor at the Faculte de droit de l'Universite d'Aix-Marseille, an honorary professor of the Faculte de droit de l'Universite de Paris, Greek Foreign Minister, Greek Minister to France, and a president of the League of Nations' Assembly. His writings include La convention

consulaire greco-turque et I'arbitrage des ambassadeurs des grandes puissances a Constantinople du 2 avril 1901 (1903), La neutralite et la paix (1935), its translation, Teretstzu« ve ban§ (1947), La morale internationale (1943), and its translation, Milletlerarasl ahlak (1945). He died in Athens, 4 March 1942. CurBio, 1942; EEE

Polito, Ennio, born in 1927. His writings include La crisi mediorientale (Roma, 1974), and he was joint author of I bambini dell'intifada; venti storie di ragazzi palestinesi (Roma, 1991). LC Polivanov, Evgenii Dmitrievich, born in 1891 at Smolensk, he studied at St. Petersburg. His writings include KpamKaR apaMMamuKay36eKcKoaoR3blKa (1926), Cmemsu no 06w,eMy R3blK03HaHUlO (1968), its translation, Selected works; articles on general linguistics (1974), and Tpyabl no BOCmOLJHoMy u 06w,eMy R3blK03HaHUlO (1991). Miliband; Miliband2 ; Uzbek SE Pollvkova, Zdenka, fl. 1963. Her writings include Prezident v posttotalitnim state (Praha, 1994).

LC

Polk, William Roe, born 7 March 1929 at Fort Worth, Texas, he was a graduate of Harvard and Oxford, and received a Ph.D. in 1958 at Harvard with a thesis entitled History of Mount Lebanon from 1790 to 1841. He was successively a professor at Harvard, a government official, and a professor at Chicago. His writings include Backdrop to tragedy (1957), The opening of South Lebanon (1965), United States and the Arab world (1965), The elusive peace; the Middle East in the twentieth century (1979), and The Arab world today, 5th ed. (1991). Bioln,9; ConAu, 25-28; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H;

Master (3); Selim; Shavit

Polkehn, Klaus, born in 1931, he was editor-in-chief of the journal Wochenpost in East Germany until re-unification. His writings include 1mBanne der Sahara (1969), Unterwegs in Algerien (1975), Kalifen, Fes und Morgenstern (1979), Petestine; Reisen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert (1986), Krieg um Wasser? Der Jahrhundertkonflikt im Nahen Osten (1992), and Das war die Wochenpost (1997). LC

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Pollak, Christian, born in 1947, he studied economics and political science at the universities of Linz and Paris. His writings include Landerstudie Golfstaaten (1979), Neue Formen internationaler Unternehmenszusammenarbeit ohne Kapitalbeteiligung (1982), and Industriekooperation mit Schwellenlendern (1984). LC Pollak, Isidor, born 22 January 1874 at Prag, he studied at Prag and Berlin, and received a Dr.phil. in 1899 at Karls Universitat, Prag, with a thesis entitled Zur Geschichte der Philosophie bei den Arabern. After travelling in Egypt and Palestine from 1900 to 1901, he was for many years a librarian at Karls Unlversltat before he was appointed a professor of Semitic languages. He died in Prag, 5 January 1922. OtBilnd (1); JOdLex; Masarykuv; Wininger Pollak, Jacob Eduard, 1818-1891 see Polak, Jacob Eduard Pollen, John, born in 1848, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and entered the Indian Civil Service in 1871. He was a sometime examiner in Arabic, Persian, Marathi, and other languages. During the last years of his life he served as honorary secretary of the East India Association. His translations include Rhymes from the Russian (1891), Omar Khayyam, faithfully and literally translated (1915), and Russian songs and lyrics (1917). He died in 1923. An unidentified obituary notice appeared in The Times. Asiatic review 29 (1923), pp. 656-658; Who was who, 2 Pollis, Adamantia, born about 1940, she was affiliated with the Department of Political Science, New School of Graduate Social Science, N.V.C., throughout the 1990s and in 2000. She was joint editor of Human rights; cultural and ideological perspectives (1976), Toward a human rights framework (1982), and Kpattx; olKalo nu avepomiua OIKalWjlaTa aTEV H EAAoa State, law, and human rights in Greece (1988). LC; NatFacOr, 1995-2000

=

Polio, Stefanaq, fl. 1969. He was editor of Histoire de 1'Albanie des origines a nos jours (1974), Historia e Shqiperise (1983-84), and he was joint editor of Akte te Rilindjes Kombetare Shqiptare 18781912 (1978). LC Pollock, Sir Frederick, born in 1845 at London, he was a barrister-at-Iaw, a professor of jurisprudence in the University of Oxford, and a professor of common law in the Inns of the Court as well as a visiting professor abroad. In 1894 he visited India where he delivered the Tagore law lectures, published in the same year entitled The law of fraud, misrepresentation and mistake in British India. His other writings include Law of torts (1887), An essay on possession in the common law (1888), and A first book of jurisprudence (1896). He died in London, 18 January 1937. CelCen; ChambrBrBi; ONB; GrBr; Master(5) Pollock, James Wilson, born 21 March 1922 at Asyut, Egypt, of missionary parents. He received his secondary and theological (Presbyterian) education at Monmouth College, Pittsburgh Xenia Theological Seminary, Andower Newton Theological School, Hartford Seminary Foundation, and Indiana University. From 1945 to 1956 he was a missionary under the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions in Egypt. He then pastored a congregation in Kansas before embarking on a library career, first at the Hartford Theological Seminary, and, from 1961 until his retirement in 1987, at the Indiana University Libraries as Near Eastern subject and area specialist. He was a sometime president of the Middle East Librarians Association. MELA notes 49 (1990), pp. 17-18; WhoLibl, 1982; WhoMW, 1974/75-1978/79 Pollog, Carl Hanns, born in 1899, he was a writer on flying and aerial exploration. His writings include Das Wetter (1929), Der Weltluftverkehr (1929), and he was joint author of Flammendes Afrika (1926). NUC, pre-1956

Polonskaia, Liudmila Rafailovna, born 8 September 1922 at Khar'kov, Ukraine, she graduated in history at the Moscow State University in 1947. She was successively a research fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Science, and since 1971, a professor of history at the Institute of the Peoples of Asia and Africa. Her writings, partly under her married name, GordonPolonskaia, include MycynbMaHcKHe me4eHUR a o6w,ecmaeHHoil Mblcnu MHOUU u Ilesucmene (1963), The Soviet Union and the Moslem nations (1988); she was joint author of A History of Pakistan (1964), McnaM Ha coapeMeHHoM Bocmose (1980), Bocmo«, uoeu u uoeonoeu (1982), and she edited 3KOHOMUKa u ucmopun MHOUU u ttesucmene (1966), and 3apy6e>KHblil Bocmo« (1983). Miliband; Miliband2 Polosin, Valerii Viacheslavovich, born 25 February 1939 at Tetiukhe, Russia, he graduated in 1961 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad State University. His writings include "ouxpucm" MbH aH-HaouMa KaK ucmopuxo-xynunypnut: naMRmHUK X eese (1989), and Paca'un an-XUKMa ttocnene» Myopocmu, I-XIV; U3 Opy3CKUX pyxopucec (1995). Miliband2

=

Polosin, Vladimir Viacheslavovich. His writings include Knuee 06 uoonex, from the Arabic of Ibn alKalbi (1984), and Cnoeep» nosmoe nneuenu 'a6c; VI-VIII e.e. (1995). LC

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Polotsky, Hans Jacob, born 13 September 1905 at ZOrich, of Russian parents who finally, in 1911, settled in Berlin. He studied at Berlin and Gottingen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1929 with a thesis entitled Zu den Inschriften der 11. Dynastie. He became a professor of Egyptology at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and also taught in various capacities at Kebenhavn, Chicago, and Brown University, Providence, R.1. In the humanities he was a polymath, and as a student of languages probably without parallel in his generation. He was honoured by jubilee volumes in 1964 and 1981. He died in Jerusalem, 10 August 1991. Egyptology; WhoWor, 1974/75 Polovtsov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, born in 1832, he was a sometime chairman of the Imperial Russian Historical Society. His writings include Olfemb lfUHOBHUKa OC06blXb nopylfeHiu npu MUnucmpe enympeunuxu oem. A. A. ttonoeuoee (1898), Correspondance diplomatique des ambassadeurs et ministres de Russie en France et de France en Russie avec leurs gouvernements de 1814 1930 (1902), and Catalogue de livres et estampes relatifs I'architecture, I'ornamentation, la decoration lnierieure ... manuscrits, livres lttustres du XVe siecte au XVI/Ie siecte provenant de la blbliotneoue de M. A. Polovtsoff(1910-11). He died in 1909. NUC, pre-1956

a

a

a

a

Poluboiarinova, Marina Dmitrievna, fl. 1972. Her writings include Pyccsue moou B 30nomalJ Opoe (1978), and she edited MOcKoBcKaR KepaMuKa; HOBbie oaHHble no xpononoeuu (1991). LC Polujariski, Aleksander, born in 1814, he studied medicine at Vilna (Wilno), Russia, and philosophy at Moscow. From 1842 until his resignation in 1847 he was a forester in Kazan. He died in Warszawa, 26 May 1866. PSB Polviou, Polyvios G., born in 1949. His writings include Cyprus in search of a constitution (1976), Cyprus; conflict and negotiation, 1960-1980 (1980), and Search & seizure; constitutional and common law (1982). LC Polyzoides, Adamantios Theophilus, born in 1885 at Athens, he received a law degree in 1908 at the National University, Athens, and went to the United States in the same year. The New York Times sent him to Europe in 1915 to cover the war on the Balkan front. Concurrently he was a correspondent for the London Central News. From 1916 to 1932 he served as chief editor of Atlantis, the leading Greek daily in the United States. After the war he turned to lecturing on world affairs. He helped establish foreign policy teaching at universities in Massachusetts and Virginia. In 1935 he became a faculty member at the University of Southern California. From 1937 to 1960 he was a reporter for the Los Angeles Times. His writings include H tAAf]VIKf] Kal 6 {3aaIAEu~ Kiavoranvtx; UTTO AoallavTlou e. noAu(wloou (New York, 1917). He died on 23 June 1969. Master (1); NYT 25 June 1969, p. 47, col. 4 Poma, Cesare, born 21 March 1862 at Biella, Italy, he graduated in law at the Universlta di Torino in 1884, and entered the foreign service in the following year. He was successively posted to Smyrna, Trieste, again Smyrna, Rio de Janeiro, and San Francisco. His writings include the booklet, Gli statuti del commune di Biella de 1245 (Biella, 1885). Gubernatis 3 Pomel, Nicholas Auguste, born 20 September 1821 at Issoire (Puy-de-Dorne), He was a geologist and a sometime senator from Gran, director of l'Ecole des sciences d'Alger, and director of the Service geologique. His writings include Des races indigenes de I'Algerie et du role que leur reserveni leurs aptitudes (1871), and Le Sahara; observations de geologie et de geographie physique et biologie, avec des aperc;us sur I'Atlas et Ie Soudan (1872). He was chevalier de la Legion d'honneur, and died in Drael-Mizan in August 1898. Bulletin de la Societe de geographie d'Alger 3 (1898), pp. 268-272; Vapereau Pomerantseva, Erna Vasil'evna, fl. 1975. Her writings include 0 pyCCKOM cjJonbKnope (1977), PycCKUlJ nposeucecxuii iponuatop BIleeecmene u Ha Ceeepuou KaBKa3e (1980), Pyccxe» ycmnen noose (1985), and she edited MOpooBcKue CKa3KU (1955). LC Pometta, Eligio, born 27 September 1865 at Cerentio Broglio (Canton Ticino), Switzerland, he was a journalist whose writings include Saggi di storia ticinese dall'epoca romana alia fino del medio evo (1930), and Pagine di storia ticinese nel periodo eroico (1943). From 1921 to 1928 he was editor of the Bollettino storico della Svizzera italiana. He died in 1950. Chi e, 1928, 1931, 1936, 1940, 1948; LC Pomishin, Semen Bartanovich, fl. 1971. His writings include npOUCXO>KOeHUe oneneeeocmee u 00-

uecmuxeuim ceeepnoeo onenn (1990), and Tpeouuuonnoe npapooonemaoeenue; np06neMbi u

nomenuuen(Ulan-Ude, 1993).

LC

Pommereau, H., fl. 1913. He was a legal interpreter at the Tribunal civil, Batna, Algeria. Pommeret, H., fl. 1956. He was affiliated with the Service de I'urbanisme et arrondissement du Genie rural de Rabat, Morocco.

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Pommerol, Madame Jean, born 19th cent. Her writings include Une femme chez les Sahariens, entre Laghouat et In-Sahah (1900), its translation, Among the women of the Sahara (1900), Voluptes sahariennes; I'haleine du desert; roman (1900), and Islam africain; chez ceux qui guettent (1902). LC Pompe, Cornelis Arnold, he received a doctorate in 1953 at the Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht with a thesis entitled Agressive war; an international crime. Brinkman's; LC Pompei, Stefano, fl. 1964. He was joint editor of Regime dei suoli urbani; diritto edificatorio, espropriazione e vincoli urbanisti nel progetto parlementare di riforma (Firenze, 1991). LC Poncet, Jean Paul, born 11 May 1912 at Villard-St-Sauveur (Jura), he studied liberal arts, obtained a diploma in philosophy, and then taught French literature in Tunisia. He soon came to realize that it was a country under colonial rule. After the war he completed a doctoral thesis entitled La colonisation et I'agriculture europeenne en Tunisie depuis 1881, and his complementary thesis entitled Paysages et les problemes ruraux en Tunisie. The latter one was little condusive to his career. After the Bizerte affair of 1961, the renewal of his teaching post was refused, and he was obliged to return to France and temporarily teach at the Lycee Charlemagne at Paris before joining the C.N.R.S., however, never advancing beyond the rank of lecturer. He was a specialist in under-development. His writings include L'erosion des sols en rapport avec les methodes d'exploitation en Tunisie (1961), Le sous-aevetoopement vaincu? La lutte pour Ie tievetoppement en Italie meridionale, en Tunisie et en Roumanie (1970), La Tunisie a la recherche de son avenir - independence ou neocolonialisme? (1974) and he was joint author of La Tunisie (1971). He died in 1980. Annales de geographie 90 (1981), pp. 732-733; Index Islamicus (2); Unesco

Poncet, Jules, born in 1838 at Saint-Jean-de Maurienne (Savoy), he and his brother went to the Sudan in 1851 to work for their uncle who ran a business in Khartoum. They traded in ivory and made important explorations. They were the first Europeans from the Upper White Nile to reach the tribunaries of the Congo, and they were among the few foreigners in the Sudan at the time who were not suspected of participation in the slave trade. His writings include Le fleuve Blanc; notes geographiques et ethnologiques et les chasses a I'elephant dans Ie pays des Dinka et des Djour (1864). He died in 1872 or 1873 on or after his return to Europe. Embacher; Hill; NUC, pre-1956 Poncins, Edmond de, vicomte, born 19th cent. He travelled in western Turkestan in 1893 and crossed the Pamirs and Hindukush on his way to Kashmir, a journey for which he was awarded a silver medal by the Societe de geographie de Paris. He also travelled in Ethiopia from 1897 to 1898. His writings include Chasses et explorations dans la region des Pamirs (Paris, 1897), Notes sur Ie gros gibier de nos colonies (Tours, 1913), and Documents de famille (Tours, 1933). Henze Poniatowski, Michel, born 16 May 1922 at Paris, he was a French cabinet minister. His writings include L'avenir des pays sous-oevetoppes (1954), Les choix de I'espoir (1970), L'avenir n'est ectit nulle part (1978), and La catastrophe socialiste (1991). Bioln, 10, 11; IndexBFr2 (4); IntYB, 1978-1998; Master (1); WhoFr, 1977/78-2000; WhoWor, 1980-1989/90

Ponlcke, Herbert, born 23 November 1904 at Dresden, Germany, he obtained a doctorate and was a secondary school teacher and administrator until 1952. Thereafter he was a national and provincial public official with reference to eastern German culture and education. His writings on the history of economics and manufacture include Die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung Europas im 19. Jahrhundert (1954), and Die Hedjaz-Bahn und die Bagdad-Bahn (1958). He died in Hamburg, 14 August 1975. KOrschner, 1961-1976

Ponikiewski, Augustyn, fl. 1973. His writings include Problemy rozwojowe produkji rolnej Maroka na tIe warunkow przyrodniczych i struktur agrarnych (1976), Reformy rolne w Afryce (1978), PoludniowaWschodniej (1985), and Sztuka i rllkodzieto Laosu (1991). LC Pons Boigues, Francisco, born 3 November 1861 at Carcagente (Valencia), he studied law at Valencia, Arabic at Madrid, and received a doctorate in 1890. Since 1888 he was affiliated with the Archivo Hist6rico Nacional. In 1892 he accompanied F. Codera y Zaydin on a journey to Algeria and Tunisia in quest of Arabic manuscripts relating to Spanish history. His writings include Apuntes sobre les escrituras mozerebes toledanas que se conservan en el Archivo Hist6rico Nacional (1897), Ensayo bio-bibliografico sobre los historiadores y geografos arabigo-espafJoles (1898), and Estudios breves (1952). He died in Cargagente, 6 September 1899. Manzanares; NUC, pre-1956; Ruiz C Ponsonby, Arthur Augustus William Harry, Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede, born in 1871, he was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, and then entered the foreign service. He was a Labour MP, but his anti-war activities alienated him from both the party and his constituents. His writings include Democracy and diplomacy; a plea for popular control of foreign policy (1915), Now is the time; an appeal for peace (1925), Falsehood in war-time (1928), its translations, LOgen im Kriege (Berlin, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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1941), Les faussaires

a l'ceuvre

en temps de guerre (Bruxelles, 1942). He died in 1946.

BiDMoPL;

DNB; Master (3); WhE&EA; Who was who, 4

Ponsot, Pierre, fl. 1971. He was affiliated with the Universite de Lyon III. His writings include Les greves de 1870 et la Commune de 1871 au Creusot (1958), Etudes sur Ie aix-neuvieme siecle espagnol (1981), and he was joint editor of L'exploitation des grands domaines dans I'Espagne d'Ancient regime (1983). LC Pontieri, Ernesto, born 4 September 1896 at Nocera Tirinese (Catanzaro), he was a professor of medieval and modern history, and a president of the Universita di Napoli. His writings include Richerche sualla crisi della monarchia siciliana nel secolo X/II ... (1942), and I barbari in Italia (1952). Chi e 1940, 1948, 1957, 1961; Vaccaro; Wholtaly 1957/58

Ponting, Theophilus John, 1886-1972. He served in India in the early years of the twentieth century, and was posted to Mesopotamia and Egypt during the first World War. He resigned with the rank of brigadier. Who was who, 7 Ponto, JOrgen, born 17 December 1923 at Bad Nauheim, Germany, to a family of Hamburg merchants. He grew up in Ecuador and after the war studied law. He briefly practised law before entering the Dresdner Bank where he became an executive. He later was a member of the board of directors of the federal association of German banks, Koln. His writings include Wirtschaft auf dem Prufstand (1975), and Mut zur Freiheit (1977). He was killed by leftist terrorists of the Rote Armee Fraktion," on 30 July 1977. DtBE; Master (1) II

Ponzi, EUore, born 20 September 1901 at Luzzara (Mantova), he was a physician who practised at hospitals in Parma and Tirana. Vaccaro Pool, David, born in 1944, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from Princeton with a thesis entitled The politics of patronage; elites and social structure in Iraq. In 1993, he was a lecturer at the Department of Government in the University of Manchester. His writings include Eritrea, Africa's longest war (1982), and he was joint author of The Third World politics; a comparative introduction (1988). Directory of BRIMES members, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; LC; Selim

Poole, Henry, 19th cent. He was a British traveller who visited Constantinople from where he went to Jaffa and spent October and November, 1855, in Palestine. His writings include the booklet, Report of a journey in Palestine (London, 1856). Henze; LC Poole, Reginald Stuart, born 27 February 1832 at London, he grew up in Cairo at his uncle's, Edward William Lane. In 1852 he was appointed an assistant in the Coin Department of the British Museum, London, of which he became successively assistant keeper and keeper. His writings include The coins of the shahs of Persia (1887). He also was the editor of several catalogues of coins compiled by Stanley Lane-Poole. He died in Kensington, 8 February 1895. CelCen; DNB; Egyptology Poole, Sophia Lane, born in 1804 at Hereford, she was the wife of Edward Richard Poole, and the mother of Reginald Stuart Poole. On the invitation of her brother, Edward William, she went with her two sons to Egypt in 1842 and stayed for seven years, during which time she immersed herself in Cairene life, a residence which she described in The Englishwoman in Egypt; letters from Cairo (18461853). She died in 1891. DLB 166 (1996), pp. 299-303; DNB; Robinson, p. 305 Poole, Stanley Lane, 1854-1931 see Lane-Poole, Stanley Poonawala, Ismail Kurbanhusein, born 7 January 1937 at Godhra, Gujarat, India, he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from U.C.L.A. with a thesis entitled ai-Qadi an-Nu'man and his Urjuza on the imamate. In the 1970s he was appointed a professor at the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Literatures, U.C.L.A., a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Bibliography of Isma'i1i literature (1977), and the translation from al-Tabari, The last years of the Prophet (1990). DrAS,1969; NatFacDr, 1995-2000; Selim

Poonawala, Rashida, fl. 1971, she was a research officer in the Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. Poorter, Alphonse de, l'abbe, born in 1871, he became librarian of the City of Bruges. He was the compiler of a number of catalogues of manuscripts at the Bibliotheque publique de la ville de Bruges, and editor of Le trelte eruditio regum et principum de Guibert de Tornai (Louvain, 1914). He died in 1939. NUC, pre-1956 Pope, Arthur Upham, born 7 February 1881 at Phoenix, R.I., he was a graduate of Brown University and received an honorary doctorate from Tehran University. He was the expert of Persian art of his generation and held a variety of teaching and museum posts at home and abroad, inclUding honorary Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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art adviser to the Persian Government since 1925. His writings include Introduction to Persian architecture (1969), and with his wife, Phyllis Ackerman, Survey of Persian art (1938-39), and its sixteen-volume third edition (1977). He died in 1969. ConAu 25-28; CurBio 1947, 1969; Index Islamicus (1); Iranistische Mitteilungen 4 (1970), pp. 41-47; Master (3); Shavit; WhAm, 5; Who was who, 6

Pope, Barbara M. Harral, born 26 January 1937 at lubbock, Tex., she was a graduate of Texas Christian University, and received a master of arts in library science degree at the University of Hawaii. She was successiveliy a school teacher, abstractor and indexer, librarian, editor, and free-lance consultant. She was joint author of Historical periodicals directory (1981-1986). WhoAmW, 1989/90 Pope, John Alexander, born 4 August 1906 at Detroit, Mich., he was a graduate of Yale University, and earned his M.A. in Chinese studies at Harvard in 1940, and his Ph.D. in 1955. After a period as lecturer in Chinese art at Columbia University he joined the staff of the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., in 1940, and remained associated with it also after his retirement in 1971. His study of Chinese porcelain in the Topkapt Sarayi MOzesi, entitled Fourteenth-century blue-and-white, was published in 1952. His writings also include Porcelains from the Ardebil Shrine (1956). He died on 18 September 1982. Archives of Asia al136 (1983), pp. 89-91; Bioln, 13, 14, 15; ConAu 107; DrAS 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; WhAm, 8; WhoAmA 1976-1989 N

Popenoe, Paul Bowman, born 16 October 1888 at Topeka, Kan., he was educated at Occidental College, Stanford University, where he also received an honorary doctorate in 1929. He was a biologist and sociologist who pursued agricultural explorations in Iraq, North Africa, India, and Europe from 1911 to 1913. He was the founder, general director, and chairman of the board of directors of the Institute of Family Relations, los Angeles, since 1930. His writings include Date growing in the Old World and the New (1913), and The conservation of the family (1926). AM&WS, 1967, 1973 P; Bioln, 1,5; ConAu 1-4, new rev., 27; CurBio 1946; Master (3); Shavit; WhE&EA

Popescu-Judet, Eugenia, born 19 September 1925 in Romania, she was educated at Bucuresti, where she became a solo dancer. After her emigration to the United States, she gained an M.A. at Duqesne University, Pittsburgh, Pa., where she also became affiliated with the Institute of Folk Arts as choreographer and academic adviser. Her writings include Dimitrie Gantemir; Gartea §tiintei muzicii (Bucuresti, 1973), Judetz folk dance notion (1979), Sixty folk dances from Romania (1979), and Studies in Oriental arts (1981). WhoAmW, 1981/82 Popham, Henry Robert Moore Brooke, Sir, 1878-1953 see Brooke-Popham, Sir Henry Robert Moore Poplai, Sundar lal, fl. 1953-1962, he was an editor of Foreign affairs reports, New Delhi, and joint author of India and America (1958); he also edited Asia and Africa in the modern world (1955), The temper of peace (1955), National politics in 1957 elections in India (1957), and 1962 general elections in India (1962). LC Poplazarov, Risto, Dr., he was affiliated with the Yugoslav II1HCT~TYT Hauaoaana II1cTop~ja in Skopje. His writings include TplfKama nonumuxe cnpeMa MaKeaoHuja eo emopama nonoeune Ha XIX U ncnemosom Ha XX eeK (1973), OCfl060aumeflHume eoopy)/(eHu60p6u Ha MaKeaoHcKuom HapOa eo neouooom 1850-1878 (1977), GaHcmecPaHcKama cPuK4uja U noceonocme Ha MaKeaoHuja (1978), and MaKe-aoHcKomo Kpecnencxo-pesnouu«:eocmenue (1979). LC Popov, Andrei Aleksandrovich, 1902-1960, his writings include The Nganasan; the material culture of the Tavgi Samoyeds (1966), and he was joint editor of flKymcKuu cPOflbKflOP (1936). He is also credited with the unidentified Iloneenckut: cPOflbKflOP (1937). LC Popov, Mikhail Vasil'evich, born in 1908 at Veliki Ustiug, Russia, he was a graduate of the Oriental Faculty in the Central Asian State University, Tashkent. His writings include AMepuKaHcKuu unnepuenust« e MpaHe e eoou emopoa MupoeoueOUHbl (1956). Miliband; Miliband2 Popov, Nikola Grigorov, Dr., fl. 1964, his writings include na3apHufim MexaHU3bM U neeoeomo usnonsyeene e couuenucmuueceomo cencso cmonencmeo (Sofia, 1973), GbeMecmHama nnenoee oeanocm-ocnoeen Memoa se peseumuemo Ha couuenucmuuecssme UKOHOMUlfeCKama unmeepeuun (1978), and he edited 100 aOaUHU 6bflaapcKa UKOHOMflKa (1978), and Memooonoeuueceu eutpocu Ha ponumn-tecxeme UKOHOMUfie nem move (1986). LC Popovic, Alexandre, born in 1931 at Beograd, he received a doctorat d'etat in 1985 at the Universite d'Aix-Marseille I with a thesis entitled L'islam balkanique. He was a directeur de recherche at the C.N.R.S. and concurrently a lecturer at l'I~cole des hautes etudes et sciences sociales as well as l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes. He was in charge of the C.N.R.S. project "la transmission du savoir dans Ie monde musulman perlpherique." His writings include La revolte des esclaves en Iraq au IIle/IXe siecte (1976), Les musulmans yougoslaves (1990), Les musulmans des Balkans a l'epooue Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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post-ottomane (1994); a collection of his articles entitled Les derviches balkaniques hier et aujourd'hui

was published in 1994. EURAMES, 1993; THESAM,4

Popovic, Bogdan, born 20 December 1863 at Beograd, he was a literary critic who died 7 November 1944. In 1929 he was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled 360pHUK y uecm 50aaaHa Ilonoeuue. EncJug2 ; Opac

Popovic, Dusan J., born 28 March 1894 at Surduk, he studied at Zagreb and Wien. After he had gained a doctorate at Zagreb, he started a lifelong career at the Universitet u Beogradu in 1921. His writings include 0 ~uH~apuMa (1927), and Benus« ceooe cp6a 1690 (1954). He died in Belegis on 27 April 1965. EncJug2 Popovic, Toma, fl. 1961, his writings include TypcKa u ,[fy6poaHuK y XVI aeKy (Beograd, 1973), and Pisma Bertolomeu Bordaniju, 1593-1595 (1984). LC Popovic, Vasilj, born in 1887, his writings include t1cmopuja iyeocnoeene (Sarajevo, 1920), ncmouno nucene (Beograd, 1923), Memeonuxoee nonumuke Ha 5nucKoM t1cmoKy (1931), Eapona u cpncxo numene (Beograd, 1940). He died in 1941. NUC, pre-1956 Popp, Herbert, born in 1947, he received a doctorate in 1975 at the Universitat Erlangen-NOrnberg with a thesis entitled Die Altstadt von Erlangen. His writings include Moderne Bewasserungslandwirtschaft in Marokko (1983); he was joint author of Marokko, ein is/amisches Entwicklungs/and mit kolonialer Vergangenheit (1990), L'oasis de Figuig (1990); and he edited Das Bild der Mittelmeerlander in der ReisefOhrer-Literatur (1994). LC Poppe, Nikolai (Nicholas) Nikolaevich, born 8 August 1897 at Chih-fu, Shan-tung, China, into a German-Russian family who had emigrated two generations earlier from central Germany to Russia.. He was educated in Chinese by a private tutor until the family returned to St. Petersburg in 1907. He lived two lives: one in Russia and the Soviet Union as a student and, later, professor of the St. Petersburg (Leningrad) University, and corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences until he left for the West on account of alleged involvement in the tragic fate of the Kalmyk Republic under the Third Reich; his other life began, after a short stay in the western part of occupied Germany, on American soil, at he University of Washington in Seattle, where he renewed his scholarly activity and transplanted Altaic studies in the United States. His writings include Khalkha-mongolische Grammatik (1951), Uzbek newspaper reader (1962), and Tatar manual (1968). He was honoured on his sixtieth and ninetieth birthdays by jubilee volumes; and the Unlversitat Bonn conferred on him an honorary doctorate. He died in Seattle, Wash., 8 June 1991. Index Islamicus (4); Ural-altaische Jahrbilcher 12 (1993), pp. 516; Zentralasiatische Studien 24 (1994), pp. 233-234

Poppelreuter, Mathias Josef, born 20 August 1867 at Hallerbach, Germany, he studied at the universities of Breslau, and Berlin where he received a Dr.phil. in 1893 with a thesis entitled De comoediae Atticae primordiis particulae duae. His writings include the booklets, Kritik der Wiener Genesis; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Untergangs der alten Kunst (1908), and Modell des romischen CoIn (1916). He died in 1919. GV; Thesis Popper, David Henry, born 3 October 1912 at N.Y.C., he was a Harvard graduate and joined the U.S. Department of State in 1945. He was a sometime ambassador to Chile and Cyprus. His writings include The puzzle of Palestine (1938). BlueB 1973/74,1975,1976; WhoAm1974-1986/87; WhoAmP 1973, 1975;

WhoE, 1989; WhoFrS 1984; WhoGov 1972,1975,1977; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77

Popper, William, born 29 October 1874 at St. Louis, he received a Ph.D. in 1899 at Columbia University with a thesis entitled The censorship of Hebrew books. After post-doctoral studies at Berlin, Straf1burg, and Paris, he visited Egypt, Syria, and Mesopotamia from 1901 to 1902. After his return to the United States, he was affiliated with the production of the Jewish encyclopedia and later lectured at Columbia and the University of California. His writings include The Cairo nilometre (1951), and he was joint author of Studies in Biblical parallelism (1918). In 1951 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Semitic and Oriental studies. He died 3 June 1963. CnDiAmJBi; 1.1. (1); EncJud; JewEnc; WhAm, 4; Wininger Poppi, Giuseppe Antonino, born 24 August 1930 at Padova, he was a graduate of the Pontifical University, Roma, and the Universita di Padova. He became a Franciscan priest and a university lecturer. His writings include Causalita e infinita nella schola padovana dal 1480 al 1513 (1966), Introduzione all'aristotelelismo padovano (1970), and he edited Scienza e filosofia all'Universita di Padova nel quattrocento (1983). Wholtaly, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998,2000 Porada, Edith, born 22 August 1912 at Wien, she received a Dr.phil. in 1935 at the Universitat Wien with a thesis entitled Rollsiegel der Akkadzeit. After her emigration to the United States she was affiliated with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, N.Y.C., and also taught there at various universities. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Her writings include The collection of the Pierpont Morgan Library (1948), Alt-Iran (1962), and its translation, Iran ancien (1982). She died in Honolulu, Hawaii, 24 March 1994. ConAu 103, 144; Directory of American scholars, 1969, 1974 H, 1978 H; Deutsche biographische Enzyklopadie; WhoAm, 1974-1994; WhoAmA 19841993/94; WhoAmW 1968-1989/90

Porath, Ephraim, born in 1887, he received a Dr.phil. in 1926 at Gier1en with a thesis entitled Die Passivbildung des Grundstammes im Semitischen. His writings include Va'ad ha-Iashon ha-'ivrith beErets visre'et (Jerusalem, 1938). lC; Schwarz Porath, Yehoshua, fl. 1966, his writings include Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab national movement, 1918-1929 (1974), The Palestinian Arab national movement; from riots to rebellion (1977), and In search of Arab unity, 1930-1945 (1986) as well as works in Hebrew. lC Porena, Manfredi, born 6 September 1873 at Roma, he was a professor of Italian literature at the Universita di Roma and a literary critic. His writings include Commento grafico alia Divina commedia per uso delle scuole (1902), Che cos'e iI bello? Schema d'un estetica psicologica (1905), La mia lectura Dantis (1932); and he edited Dante Alighieri's La Divina commedia (1947). He died in 1955 or 1956. Chi e 1928-1948; IndBI (3) Porges, Nathan, born 21 December 1848 at Prol1nitz, Moravia, he studied at the Breslauer Rabbinerseminar from 1865 to 1874. From 1878 to 1917 he was a rabbi successively at Nakel an der Netze, Mannheim, Pilsen, Karlsbad, and Leipzig. He received a Dr.phil. in 1869 at the Universitat Halle with a thesis entitled Ober die semitische Wurzel- und Verba/stammbildung; in 1913, he was appointed a professor. His writings include Bibelkunde und Babelfunde (1903). He died in WQrzburg in 1924. EncJud; JewEnc; JUdlex; OBl; Wininger

Porges, Walther, born 7 June 1918 at Chicago, he graduated from the University of Chicago with the class of 1940. He was a professor of history at various colleges, lastly at Pierce College, Los Angeles. DrAS 1969,1974,1978 H

Porkhomovskii, Viktor IAkovlevich, born 4 May 1945 at Kuib'yshevo (Samara), Russia, he was a graduate of the Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow State University, in 1968, and became a senior researcher at the Institute of Linguistics, Soviet Academy of Science, and a senior lecturer at the Moscow State University. He was joint author of OLJepKU no smnonuneeucmuxe cosompu (1981), and COlJ,UOnUH8eUCmULJeCKafi munonoeus (1984); and he edited Ac/JpuKaHcKoe ucmOpULJeCKOe fl3blK03HaHue; np06neMbloesoncmoyruuu (1987). Miliband2 Poroy, Reha, born about 1920, he received a doctorate in 1950 at the Universite de Geneve with a thesis entiled Le transfer des risques dans Ie contrat de vente dans les droits suisse et anglais ... In 1958 he was a lecturer in commercial law at the Faculty of Law, istanbul Oniversitesi. His writings include Ktvmetl! evrak hukuku esas/an (1961), and he was joint author of Ortakillar hukuku (1972). lC Porres Martin-Cleto, Julio, fl. 1978, his writings include Historia de la calles de Toledo (1982), Toledo, puerto de Castilla (1982), Historia de Tulaytula, 711-1085 (1985), and Un enigma bisiotico, el Bana de la Cava (1991). lC Portal, Roger, fl. 1946, his writings include L'Oural au XVIII siecle (Paris, 1950), Les Slaves, peuples et nations (Paris, 1965), its translations, The Slavs (1969), Die Slawen (1979), and Pierre Ie Grand (Paris, 1969). lC Porter, Edward Griffen, born in 1837 at Boston, he was a clergyman at Lexington, Mass., and one of the trustees in the United States of the Central Turkey College, Aintab (Gaziantep). His writings include Rambles in old Boston (1887). He died in 1900. DcNAA Porter, Harvey, born 27 July 1844 at Shelbourne Falls, Mass., he was a graduate of Amherst College, and was a tutor at the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, from 1870 to 1872. His writings include etNahj al-qawim fi al-ta'rikh al-qadim (Beirut, 1884), and he was joint author of an Arabic-English and an English-Arabic dictionary, published in 1913 and 1923 respectively. He died in Beirut, 12 January 1923. Shavit Porter, Sir James, born at Dublin about 1710, he was, in everything save the elementary knowledqe acquired at a common school, self-educated. He was a businessman for some years, and was on the continent, where he formed both at Leyden and in Germany many acquaintances among the scientific men of the day. In 1735 he married the eldest daughter of the Dutch ambassador at Constantinople. He was employed for nine years on the continent; in 1741, he was associated with the British minister at Wien, and from 1747 to 1762, he was ambassador to the Ottoman Porte. After his recal in 1765 he returned to England where he lived without official capacity until his death in 1786. His writings include Observations on the religion, law, government and manners of the Turks (1768), its translation, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Anmerkungen abet die Religion, Regierungsform und Sitten der Turken (1768), and Turkey; its history and progress ... with a memoir of Sir James Porter, by his grandson (1854). From the memoir

Porter, Joshua Roy, born 7 May 1921 at Godley, Cheshire, he was a graduate of Oxford where he also was a fellow, chaplain, and lecturer at Oriel College until his appointment, in 1962, as a professor of theology and head of the Department of Theology and Arabic in the University of Exeter. His writings include Moses and monarchy (1963). Author's and writer's who's who, 1971; International authors and writers (who's who), 1976-2004; International who's who in Asian studies, 1975/76; Who's who, 1981-2004; Who's who in the world, 19781982/83; Writers directory, 1976/78-2004

Porter, Josias Leslie, born 4 October 1823 in Ireland, he was a missionary of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland who spent the years from 1849 to 1859 travelling in Syria and Palestine. He later was a professor at Belfast. In 1879 he was nominated president of Queen's College, Belfast. His writings include Five years in Damascus (1855), and Handbook for travellers in Syria and Palestine (1858). He died in Belfast, 16 March 1889. Britlnd (3); DNB; Henze Porter, Katherine Anne, born 15 May 1890 at Indian Creek, Texas, she was a correspondent for Texas newspapers from the Mexican border, and on the staff of the Dallas News and the Rocky Mountain News of Denver before she became a free-lance writer and lecturer in the 1920s. She died in 1980. Contemporary authors, 101, new rev., 65; Master (16); Who was who among English and European authors; Who was who in America, 7; Who's who of American women, 1958/9-1981; Who was who, 7

Porter, R. S., fl. 1972, his writings include The third population census of Bahrain (Beirut, 1961).

LC

Porter, Richard Corbin, born 1 August 1931 at Hartford, Conn., he was a graduate of Williams College, and received a Ph.D. in 1957 at Yale with a thesis entitled A liquity theory of bank operations. He was a professor at the Department of Economics in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. His writings include the booklet Apartheid, the job ladder, and the evolutionary hypothesis (1981). American men and women of science, 19735, 19785; ConAu, 9-12; Master (1); WhoAm, 1986-1988/89

Porter, Thomas Jackson, born in 1860, he served since 1884 as a missionary under the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in both Persia and Brazil. After his retirement from active service in 1932, he spent his time in translating and editing. His writings include History of the Presbyterian Church of Oxford, Ohio (ca. 1900). He died in California on 26 December 1936. NUC, pre-1956 Porter, Yves, born in 1957, he studied Oriental languages and received a doctorate in 1988 at the Universite de Paris III with a thesis entitled Les techniques de peinture et d'enluminure a la lumiere des textes persans. He visited Iran in 1979-80 and 1982. His writings include Peinture et arts du livre; essai sur la litterature technique indo-persane (1992), and its translation, Painters, paintings, and books (1994). AnEIFr, 1997; THE5AM,4 Portier, Lucienne, born ca. 1900, she received two doctorates in 1937 at Paris with theses entitled Antonio Fogazzaro and Poesie d'Antonio Fogazzaro. She was a sometime honorary professor of Italian literature at the Sorbonne. Her writings include Dante (1971), Un precurseur; J'abbe Huvelin (1979), and Le pelican; histoire d'un symbole (1984). LC Porzio, Giovanni, fl. 1979, his writings include Inferno Somalia; quando muore la speranza (Milano, 1993). LC Posac Mon, Carlos, fl. 1959, his writings include Guia arqueol6gica de Marbella (1983), and he was joint author of La basilica paleocristiana de Vega de Mar (1989). LC Posada F., Antonio J., fl. 1971, he received a Ph.D. in 1952 at the University of Wisconsin with a thesis entiled Economics of Columbian agriculture. He was a sometime chief of the Agrarian Reform and Rural Sociology Service at the Food and Agriculture Organization, Roma. His writings include the simultaneous publication of The CVC; challenge to underdevelopment and traditionalism (1966), and La CVC; un reto al subdesarrollo y al tradicionalismo (1966). LC Posch, Udo, fl. 1956, his writings include A Kirghiz manual (1960), and he was joint author of De novis libri judica (Helsinki, 1956-1966). LC von Poser und GroB-Nedlitz, Heinrich, born in 1598 in Silesia, he travelled from Constantinople overland to India by way of Isfahan - where he met with Pietro della Valle - Kuhistan and Kandahar, a journey which he described in Der beenden Konigl. Erb Furstemnumer Schweidnitz und Jauer in Schlesien Hochverordneten Landes Bestelltens des ... Herren H. von Posen und GroB Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes Geschichte, worinnen das Tage Buch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Liecht gestellt und von dessen ... Sohne H. von Poser und GroB Nedlitz (1675). He died 13 September 1661. Gabriel, pp. 38-51; Henze, p. 414

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Posner, Ernst Maximilian, born 9 August 1892 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1920 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Das Register Georges I. From 1921 to 1935 he was an archivist at the Geheimes Staatsarchiv, Berlin. After his emigration he joined the American University, Washington, D.C., where he was successively a lecturer, professor, and administrator. His writings include Obersicht tiber die Bestande des Geheimen Staatsarchivs zu Berlin (1934-39), Drei Vortrage zum Archivwesen der Gegenwart (Stockholm, 1940), American state archives (1964), Archives in the ancient world (1972), and a series of reports on archival repositories in enemy occupied countries. He died 18 April 1980. Bioln 12,15; ConAu 97-100; DrAS 1969, 1974 H; DtBE; Master (1); WhAm 7

Possart, Paul Anton Fedor Constantin, born about 1800, his writings include Grammatik der persischen Sprache, nebst vergleichender BerOcksichtigung der mit dem Persischen verwandten Sprachen (Leipzig, 1831), Neugriechische Grammatik (Leipzig, 1834), Das FOrstenthum Serbien (Darmstadt, 1837-38), and Das Kaiserthum RuBland (Stuttgart, 1840-41). BN; DtBilnd (1); NUC, pre-1956 Post, Albert Hermann, born 9 October 1839 at Bremen, he studied law, received a Dr.jur. and practised his profession before he was appointed a judge. In his spare time he wrote on primitive forms of law and society. His writings include Die Geschlechtsgenossenschaft der Urzeit (1875), Anfange des Staats- und Rechtslebens (1878), and GrundriB der ethnologischen Jurisprudenz (18941895). He died 25 August 1895. DtBilnd (1); OxLaw Post, George Edward, born 17 December 1838 at N.Y.C. where he was also educated. He was a Presbyterian clergyman and a physician who was a professor of surgery at the Protestant College, Beirut. His writings include Nabat Suriyah wa-Filastin (Beirut, 1884), and The flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai (1896). He died in 1909. DAB; Master (7); Shavit; WhAm, 1 Posta, Bela, born 25 August 1862 at Kecskernet, Hungary, he joined in 1885 the Hungarian national museum where he served as a keeper of the numismatic and archaeological collections until 1899 when he was appointed a professor at the Magyar Kiralyi Ferenc Josef Tudomanyegyeten (Royal Hungarian Francis Joseph University) at Kolozsvar (Cluj,) Transylvania. His writings include Arcbeeologische Studien auf russischem Boden (1905), and Regeszti tanulmanyok az oroszfoldon (1905). He died in Kolozsvart in 1919. GeistigeUng; RNL

Postacroqlu, i1han Etem, born in 1917, he completed his studies with a doctorate and was a professor at the Law Faculty, istanbul Oniversitesi, in 1961. His writings include Medeni usul hukuku dersleri (1959), icra hukuku esaslan (1982), and Okumak ve ya§amak; denemeler, hatJrlar(1987). LC; TB,1959 Postal, Raymond, born 23 February 1898 at Caen (Calvados), he was a graduate of l'Ecole Superieure de Commerce de Rouen. From 1950 to 1953 he was head of the press and information service at the Mlnlstere des Etats Associes, and he stayed in this office, with the title conseiller, until 1958 when he changed to the Organisation commune des Regions sahariennes. He later participated in the establishment of the Office inter-Etats du Tourisme africain. His writings include Alsace (1924), Explication de I'Alsace (1933), and Presence de Lyautey (1938). He died in Paris, 28 April 1973. Hom-

mes et destins IV, pp. 591-593

Postans, Marianne, born ca. 1810, she resided some years in India with her husband, Thomas Postans. In 1857 she was well out of India, had married again, and become Mrs. Young, and made an expedition on a troop-ship to Scutari (Uskudar) and by way of Gallipoli (Gelibolu) to Smyrna (Izmir), where she witnessed the out-break of the Crimean war. Her writings include Gutch; or, Random sketches taken during a residence (1839), Western India in 1838 (1839), Facts and fictions, illustrative of Oriental character (1844), Persecution in Tuscany (1853), Our camp in Turkey, and the way to it (1854), Aldershot, and all about it (1857), and The Moslem noble (1857). She died in 1865. DLB 166 (1996), pp. 304-309; Robinson, pp. 220-221

Postans, Thomas, born about 1800, he was a captain in the Bengal Army and a sometime assistant to the Political Agent in Sind and Beluchistan. His writings include Letter to Sir Thomas Baring on the causes which have produced the present state of agricultural labouring poor (1831), and Personal observations on Sindh (1843). Henze; NUC, pre-1956 Postans, Mrs. Thomas see Postans, Marianne Postel, Guillaume, born in 1510 in Normandy, he was a remarkable scholar and thinker of his time. His knowledge of Hebrew and Arabic was rare among his contemporaries, as was his study and use of Rabbinical, Cabalistic and Islamic literature preserved in these languages. His attempt to harmonize Christian, Jewish and Muslim thought gives him an important place in the history of religious tolerance. He was a Jesuit who, although called mad by members of the order, and subsequently parted company in 1547, he considered himself a priest for life. He died on 6 September 1581 in the monastery of Saint Martin des Champs in Paris. Sigrid Stahlmann received a doctorate for her thesis entitled Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Guillaume Postel; ein Beitrag zur Geistesgeschichte des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts (Gottingen, 1956), and Marion Kuntz wrote the biography, Guillaume Postel, prophet of the restitution of all things; his life and thought (1981). DcBiPP; EncJud; FOck, p. 36; GdeEnc; Index Islamicus (9); Master (4) Postel-Vinay, Olivier, born in 1948, his writings include Le taon dans la cite; actualite de Socrate (Paris, 1994). LC Potagos, Panayotis, born about 1830 at Vitina, Peleponnese, he was a physician by profession. In 1867 he began to travel in Asia and Eastern Africa. He wrote an account of his travels entitled nEpfAf7lJ1/~ nEp1f7vfJaEwv (1883), and its translation, Dix ennees de voyages dans I'Asie centrale et l'Afrique equatoriale, 1867-77 (1885). He died on Corfu in 1903. Bioln 8; Embacher; Henze; Hill Potanin, Grigorii Nikolaevich. born 4 October 1835 at IAmyshevo, Kazakstan. After passing through the military college, Omsk, he participated in an military expedition beyond the Iii River. From 1859 to 1861 he studied natural sciences at St. Petersburg. He later made six journeys to Central Asia which yielded important research material from the region. His writings include Teneymcso- Tu6emcKaR ospeune Kume»u l../eHmpanHaR Moneonu» (1893), and ttymeiueomeu» no MOHaonuu (1948). He died in Tomsk, 30 June 1920. BiobibSOT, pp. 239-240; DcScB; Embacher; Henze; KazakSE; Miliband 2 ; UzbekSE Potapov, Innokentii Afanas'evich, fl. 1964, his writings include 1130bpa3umenbHoe ucxyccmeo coeemCKOU RKymuu (1960), XyOO>KHUKU RKymuu (1983), and he was joint editor of npo6neMbl neooonoeo pcusneonoeoucxyccmeeRKymuu (1984). LC Potapov, Leonid Pavlovich, born in 1905 at Barnaul, Russia, he received a doctorate in 1946 with a thesis entitled Anmauu,b/, and became a professor in 1951. His writings include KpamKue ollepKu ucmopuu u smnoepetpuuxesecoe (1952), OllepKno ucmopuu enmeiiuee (1953), and Leonid Pavlovic Potapovs Materialien zur Kulturgeschichte der Usbeken aus den Jahren 1928-1930 (1995). Miliband; Miliband 2 ; WhoSocC, 1978

Potdar, Datto Vaman, born 5 August 1890 in India, he was a graduate of Bombay University and became a sometime vice-chancellor of Poona University. He was honoured by the jubilee volume, MahamahopadhayaProf. Dr. D. V. Potdar sixty-first commemoration volume (1950). His writings include the booklet, The place and purpose of history in our education (1962). He died 6 October 1979. Eminent; Wholndia, 1969

Potekhin, Ivan Izosimovich, born in 1903 at Krivosheino, Siberia, he received a doctorate in 1954 with a thesis entitled (/)opMupoeaHue neuuonensnot) osuinocmu IO>KHO-aeppuKaHcKux 6aHmy. He was a professor of history and a director of the Africa Institute, Soviet Academy of Sciences. His writings include cmenoenenue noeoa raHbl (1965). He died 17 October 1964. Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Unesco Potemkin, IUrii Vasil'evich, born 30 October 1931 in Russia, he was a graduate of the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and gained a doctorate in 1977 with a thesis entitled 3KoHoMuKa u nonumuse e o6w,ecmeeHHoM peseumuu cmpen couuenucmuuecsoti opuenmeuuu. His writings include 3KOHOMUlIeCKaR nonumuse (/)paHu,uu e cmpenex Maapu6a (1960), An>Kup; npo6neMbl peseumun (1978), and Quelle von Elend und Unsicherheit (1985). Miliband" Potichnyi, born 2 June 1930 at Lvov (Lwiw), Ukraine, he was a graduate of Temple University and received a Ph.D. in 1966 at Columbia University with a thesis entitled Trade unions in Soviet agriculture. Since 1964 he was a professor of political science at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Soviet agricultural trade unions, 1970-71 (1972). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 41-44; NatFacDr, 1995

Potocki, Adalbert, born in the first years of the 19th century, he completed his education before 1830 at the Lycee in Warszawa. He then joined the Russian army and participated for several years in campaigns in the Caucasus as an officer. His experiences there are the main subject of his writings. He also was a regular contributor to the Biblioteka Warszawska. Polski (1); Wurzbach Potocki (nOTO~KL-1L-1), Jan (Jean or V1BaH OCL-1nOBL-14), born in 1761 in the Ukraine, he was educated at home and at Geneve and Lausanne, and did all his writing in French. He travelled extensively in Europe and the Orient. He served at the Russian court and was sent on a scientific mission to China in 1805. His writings include Voyage en Turquie et en Egypte (1789), Fragments historiques et geographiques sur la Scythie, la Sarmatie et les Slaves (1795), and Voyage dans les steps d'Astrakhan et du Caucase (1829). He died 2 December 1815. Dominique Triaire wrote Potocki; essai (1991), and jointly with F. Rosset, De Varsovie a Saragosse; Jean Potocki et son oeuvre (2000). Bioln 15; DcBiPP; Dziekan; EuAu; Livres disponibles, 2004; Master (2); NEP; PSB

Potocki, J6zef Alfred, born 8 April 1895 at Szepiet6wka, Ukraine, he was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and at St. Petersburg. He entered in 1919 the Polish diplomatic service and went in 1927 to Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Kabul on a special mission. He died in Lausanne on 12 September 1968.

PSB; WhoSpain, 1963; World

biography (New York, 1947) [not sighted]

Potseluevskii, Aleksandr Petrovich, born in 1894 at Bukrnuiza (Ezernieki), Latvia, he was a graduate of Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages in 1918. Since 1933 he was a professor at Ashkhabad where he became the founder of the Soviet school of Turkmen studies. His writings include ,QuaneKmu mypKMeHcKoeofl3blKa (1936), (/JoHemuKa myoxueucxoeo fl3blKa (1936), and U36paHHbie mpyobl (1975). He died in Ashkhabad, 6 October 1948. GSE; Sovetskaia tiurkologiia 1974 i, pp. 88-94 TurkmenSE Potseluevskii, Evgenii Aleksandrovich, born 25 September 1931 at Ashkhabad, he was a graduate of the Faculty of Philology, Moscow State University. His writings include TlOpKCKUU mpex-ute« (1967), and he edited Fep-oeny; mypKMeHcKuueepouuecxut: snoc (1983). Miliband; Miliband 2 Potskhveriia, Boris Mikhailovich, born 2 June 1919 at Moscow. His writings include BHeWHfIfi nonumuke Typuuu nocne Bmopou Mupoaou aouHbl (1976), and BHewHfIfi nonumuxe Typuuu a 60-xneuene 80-x eoooe XX 8. (1976). Miliband; Miliband 2 Pott, August Friedrich, born 14 November 1802 at Nettelrede, Germany, he studied theology, philology and natural sciences at Gottingen and Berlin. Since 1838 he was a professor of philology at Halle. His writings include Etymologische Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der indo-germanischen Sprachen (1833-36), a work which established academic etymology as well as comparative phonetics. He also wrote Anti-Kaulen; oder, mythische Vorstellungen vom Ursprunge der Volker und Sprachen (1963), and Ober vaskische Familiennamen (1875). He died in Halle, 5 July 1887. AOtB, 26 (1888), pp. 478-485, reprinted in PorLing, vol. 1, pp. 251-261; OtBE; Stache-Rosen, pp. 20-21

Pott, Janet, fl. 1974. Her writings include Old bungalows in Bangalore (London, 1977).

LC

Potter, Dalton, fl. 1960. His writings include An evaluation of the [U.S.] Agency for International Development participant training program in Tunisia; final report (Tunis, 1964). LC Potter, George, born in 1832, he was the editor of the journals Industrial review, and Bee-hive, the people's paper and organ of industry. He died in 1893. OcBiPP; ONB Potter, Pitman Benjamin, born 1 January 1892 at Long Branch, N.J., he was a Harvard graduate and obtained a Ph.D. He was a professor of political science and international law at various American universities as well as a visiting profesor in Geneve, den Haag, and Paris, and a legal adviser to the government of Ethiopia in 1935. His writings include This World of nations, foundations, institutions, practices (1929), and The Economic contract law of China (1992). He died on 17 April 1981. NYT 21 April 1981, p. B-9, col. 5; WhAm,7; WhE&EA

Pottier, Rene Eugene, born 20 July 1897 at Beaugency (Loiret). Two wars and his own health problems dominated his education and development until 1945 when he began his radio series, I'Afrique et Ie monde, and concurrently broadcasting on the French short-wave overseas service. In 1948 he was elected to the Acadernie des sciences d'outre-mer. Since 1955 he was also in charge of the French radio and televison network serving North Africa. His writings include Le transsaharien (1941), Au pays de voile bleu (1945), Le Sahara (1950), in addition to a number of historical biographies. He died in Ivry-sur-Seine, 18 June 1968. Homes et destins, vol. 1, pp. 484-485 Pottinger, Evelyn Ann, 1934- see Saab, Evelyn Ann nee Pottinger Pottinger, Sir Henry, born in 1789, he entered the Bombay Infantry in 1806 and volunteered for an exploration of the undefined frontier area north of Makran. He left Bombay disguised as a horsedealer. Having landed on the Makran coast, he made his way into the interior of Baluchistan, where he collected a mass of information about the tribes. He continued to Kalat, Nushki, Isfahan, Kirman and Isfahan, returning by way of Baghdad and Basrah to Bombay. In 1816 he published his Travels in Beluchistan and Sind. Translations were published in German (1817), French (1818), and Italian (1819). He died in 1856. Buckland; CelCen; OcBiPP; Dictionary of national biography; Henze; Riddick; Wright, p. 150

Pottinger, William George, born 11 June 1916, he was educated at Glasgow and studied at Edinburgh, Heidelberg, and Queen's College, Cambridge. He was a Scottish politician whose writings include The Afghan connection (1983), and Heirs of the Enlightenment (1992). He died 15 January 1998. Who, 1969-1998 Potto, Vasilii Aleksandrovich, born in 1836, his writings include ncmoot» Hoeopoccliicseeo opaeyHcxeeo notte«, 1803-1865 (1866), Steppe campaigns (1874), Keexescne« aOUHa (1885-1887), Ymaep>KoeHie pyccxeeo eneouuecmee Ha Keenese (1901). He died in 1911 or 1912. Mcmopu4ecKuu

eecmnu«,

131 (1913), pp. 199-204; NUC, pre-1956

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Poucha, Pavel, born 29 December 1905, he was a Czech Orientalist whose writings include Institutiones linguae tocharicae (1955), Die geheime Geschichte der Mongolen als Geschichtsquelle und Literaturdenkmal (Prag, 1956), Ttinect tistc kilometrCJ Mongolskem (1957), and Donitra Asie (1962). He died 15 January 1986. MalaCEnc Pougachenkova (Pougatchenkova), Galina A., 1915- see Pugachenkova, Galina Anatol'evna Poujade, Eugene, born 15 January 1815 at i1e-de-France (i1e Maurice), he went to Paris in 1831 in order to finish his legal studies. In 1838 he was attached to the Ministere des Affaires etranqeres as a student consul. He served as consul in the Near and Middle East until 1868, While posted to the Balkans he married the daughter of Prince Constantine Ghika at Bucuresti. His writings include Cbretlens et Turcs (1859), Le Liban et la Syrie, 1845-1860 (1860), and La diplomatie du seconde empire (1871). He died in Paris, 7 March 1885. Glaeser; IndexBFr2 ; Vapereau Poujoulat, Baptistin, born in 1809 in Bouches-du-Rh6ne, his writings include Voyage a Constantinople dans I'Asie mineure (1841), Histoire de Constantinople (1853), its translation, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reichs (1868), and La verite sur la Syrie et t'expedltlon trenceise (1861). He died in 1864. Embacher; NUC, pre-1956 Poujoulat, Jean Joseph Francois, born in 1808 in Bouches-du-Rh6ne, his writings include the awardwinning La Bedouine (1835), Histoire de Jerusalem (1841-42), its translation, Geschichte von Jerusalem (1844), Etudes africaines (1847), and Voyages en Algerie (1861). He died in 1880. BiD&SB; Embacher; NUC, pre-1956

Poulain de Bossay, Prosper Auguste, born in 1798 at Bossay, community of Preuilly (Indre-et-Loire), he was a professor of geography and history at various French colleges. His writings include Petite geographie de la France (1839). He died in Paris, 21 or 22 November 1876. IndexBFr2 (2); Vapereau Poutlada, Leon Baqueiro, born 13 April 1913 at Santa Rosa, CaL, he graduated from U.C.L.A. with the class of 1936. He was in the U.S. Foreign Service until 1965 when he began studies for a doctorate in 1970 at Princeton with a thesis entitled Tribal politics in Afghanistan. He subsequently served as a professor of political science at Northern Arizona University at Flagstaff. His writings include Reform and rebellion in Afghanistan (1974). He died in St. Paul, Minn., on 17 July 1987. AmW&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 123; NYT 23 July 1987, p. A-25, col. 5

Poulle, Emmanuel Felix Marie Roger, born 8 June 1928 at Paris, he was educated at l'Ecole des chartres, Paris, where he subsequently became a professor. His writings include Paleographie des ectitures cursives en France du 15e au 17e siecte (1966), Les instruments de la tneorie des planetes selon Ptotemee; eauetoires et horlogerie pleneteire (1980), and Les sources astronomiques (1981). WhoFr 1989/90-2000

Poulleau, Alice, Madame Guibon, her writings include Sept histoires de Syrie (Paris, 1927), A Damas sous les bombes; journal d'une Frenceise pendant la revolie syrienne, 1924-1926 (1930), Au volant sur la translibyenne; routes fascistes (Dieppe, 1939), and L'enfant des ceores, Charbel Makhlouf, Ie moine miraculeux du Liban, 2e ed. (Paris, 1951). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Poulson, Barry Warren, born 11 June 1937 at Huntington, Pa., he was a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University and received a Ph.D. in 1965 at Ohio State University with a thesis entitled Value added in manufacturing, mining, and agriculture in the American economy from 1809 to 1839. In 1965 he was appointed a professor of economics, and later became director, International Economic Studies Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, a post he still held in 2000. NatFacDr, 1995-2000; WhoAm, 1986-1988/89 Poulter, Sebastian M., fl. 1994, his writings include Family law and litigation in Basotho society (1976), English law and minority customs (1986), and he was joint author of The legal system of Lesotho (1972). LC Pound, Omar Shakespear, born 10 September 1926 at Paris, he received an M.A. in 1958 from McGill University, Montreal, with his thesis, The Emperor Akbar as a religious man; six interpreta-tions. Since 1967, he was lecturer in Islamic studies at Cambridge University. His writings include the translations Arabic and Persian poems (1970), and Gorby and the rats (1972). ConAu.49; Ferahian Poupignon, Gilbert, fl. 1959, he gained a doctorate, a diploma in law, and was a sometime head of the Etudes administratives a la Regie des Tabacs in Morocco. Pouqueville, Francois Charles Hugues Laurent, born 4 November 1770 at Merlerault (Orne), he studied medicine at Paris and then accompanied his professor on a French expedition to Egypt. On his return trip he was taken prisoner by Barbary corsairs off the coast of Calabria on 25 November 1798. He was first held in Tripolitainia but in 1799 transferred to Constantinople. The French finally Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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effected his release and he returned to Paris where he received a doctorate with a thesis on the Oriental pestilence. He subsequently served as a French consul to Ali Pasha at Yannina from 1805 to 1815 and at Patras (Patrai) from 1815 to 1817. He was a member of the Acadernie des Inscriptions et belles-lettres. His writings include Voyage en Moree, a Constantinople, en Albanie, et dans plusieurs autres parties de I'Empire othoman, pendant les ennees 1798, 1799, 1800 et 1801 (1805), and Voyage dans la Grece (1820-21). His books have been translated into English, German, Greek, and Italian. He died in Paris, 21 December 1838. Embacher; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (4)

Pourafzal , Hassan, born 10 February 1933 at Rasht, Iran, he was a primary school teacher in Iran before studying at GieBen where he received a doctorate in 1963 with a thesis entitled Notwendigkeit und Moglichkeiten einer genossenschaftlichen Vermarktung von Agrarprodukten im Iran. Thesis

Pourcelet, Francois. He received a doctorate in 1972 at the Universite de Paris V with a thesis, entitled Falaika (Koweit); evolution materiel/e, sociale et culturel/e d'une TIe du Golfe persique. He was joint author of Le Moyen-Orient contemporain (1975). THESAM,3 Pourcin, Edmond, fl. 1894, he received a doctorate in 1884 from the Universite de Bordeuax with a thesis entitled De I'action rei uxoriae en droit romain. De la duree et de l'immutabilite des conventions matrimoniales en droit ttenceis. He later was a barrister-at-Iaw in Bordeaux. NUC, pre-1956 Pourhadi, Ibrahim V. see Purhadi, Ibrahim Vaqfi Pourquier, Paul Louis, fl. 1963, he received a doctorate in 1938 from the Universite de Montpellier with a thesis entitled La concubine en face du tiers responsable de la mort de son concubin. LC Pouthas, Charles Hippolyte, born in 1886, he received two doctorates at the Universite de Paris. His writings include Histoire de I'Egypte (1948), La politique etrangere de la France sous la monarchie constitutionnel/e (1948), and he was a contributing author to Democretie, reaction, capitalisme (1983). LC Pouvourville, Eugene Albert Pouyou de, born 7 August 1861 at Nancy. His family name, Pouyon, is variously spelled Pouyon and Pouyou. Current usage favours the latter spelling. After passing through the military college, Saint-Cyr, he served in French Indochina. His writings, partly under the pseudonym Matgio'i, include L'Art indo-chinois (1894), L'Affaire de Siam, 1886-1896 (1896), and L'Asie trencelse, la garderou la perdre (191-?). He died in Paris, 30 September 1939. Curinier, vol. 5 (1906), pp. 287-289; Hommes et destins, vol. 6, pp. 337-340

Pouwels, Randall Lee, born in 1944, he received a Ph.D. in 1979 from U.C.L.A. with a thesis entitled Islam and Islamic leadership in the coastal communities of eastern Africa, 1700-1914. He was appointed a professor at the University of Central Arkansas, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Horn and crescent; cultural change and traditional Islam on the East African coast, 800-1900 (1987), and he edited and translated The Shafi'i ulama of East Africa, C. 1830-1970; a hagiographic account (1989). LC; NatFacDr, 2000 Pouyanne, Henri Jacques, born in 1886 at Alger, he received a doctorate from the Faculte de droit de Paris in 1910 with a thesis entitled Les prerogatives tinencteres du pouvoir legislatif sous la restauration. He also gained a diploma at l'Ecole des sciences politiques de Paris. From 1938 to 1945 he was an executive at the Banque nationale pour Ie Commerce et l'lndustrie. NUC, pre-1956; Who was who among English and European authors

Pouyanne, Maurice Alexandre, fl. 1901, he received a doctorate from the Faculte de droit de Paris in 1895 with a thesis entitled Droit romain: la prootiet« des fonds provinciaux; droit ttenceis: la propriete fonciere en Algerie. His writings include La propriete fonciere en Algerie (Alger, 1900). BN; NUC, pre1956

Pouzet, Louis, fl. 1970, he received his first doctorate in 1974 from the Universite de Lyon II with a thesis entitled «Arba'un hadithan nabawiyan» et leur commentaire, and also a doctorat d'etat in 1981 with his thesis, Aspects de la vie religieuse a Damas au VI/e H., XI/Ie steele. His writings include Une hermeneutique de la tradition islamique; Ie commentaire des Arba'un al-Nawawiya de Muhyi aI-Din Yahya al-Nawawi (19829. LC; THESAM,3,4 Poveda Sanchez, Angel, fl. 1980. After gaining a doctorate, he became a professor of history, particularly Andalusian, at the Facultad de Ciencas Econ6micas y Empresariales in the Universidad de Alicante. Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997 Powell, A. James, Dr., born 20th cent., he was in 1969 chairman of the Department of Humanities and Foreign Languages at Polk Junior College, Winter Haven, Fla., a post which he still held in 1995.

National Faculty directory, 1995

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Powell, Avril Ann, fl. 1969, she taught Indian history at Kinnaird College, Lahore and at Loughborough University. She was a sometime member of the Department of History, S.O.A.S. Her writings include Muslims and missionaries in pre-Mutiny India (1993). LC Powell, James Matthew, born 9 June 1930 at Cincinnati, Ohio, he was a graduate of Xavier University, Ohio, and received a Ph.D. in 1960 at Indiana University with a thesis entitled The economic policy of Frederick /I in the kingdom of Sicily. He taught at Kent State University and the University of Illinois, Urbana, before he was appointed a professor of history at Syracuse (N.Y.) University in 1972, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Anatomy of a crusade, 1213-1221 (1986), and he edited Muslims under Latin rule, 1000-1300 (1990), and Medieval studies (1992). ConAu, 5-8, new rev" 8; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995; WhoAm, 1986/87-2000

Powell, Jim, fl. 1981, he was a writer for popular antiques and/or decorative arts magazines. His writings include The investor's guide to undervalued art & antiques (1983), and Risk, ruin & riches; inside the world of big-time real estate (1986). LC Powell-Price, John Cadwgan born in 1888, he was a graduate of Selwyn College, Cambridge. He served as an army officer in India and the Middle East and later entered the Indian educational service. His writings include A history of India (1955). He died in 1964. Who was who, 6 Power, Edmond, born 19th cent., he was a Jesuit Father who received a doctorate from the Universlte Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth with a thesis on the poetry of Umayya ibn Abi ai-Salt. Note Power, John H., born 30 March 1921 at Seattle, Wash., he was a graduate of the University of Washington, and received a Ph.D. in 1955 at Stanford University. He held various posts at American universities and the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics until 1971 when he was appointed a professor of economics at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu. He was joint author of The Philippines; industrialization and trade policies (1971). He also produced several brief monographic studies for the Institute of Development Studies of Nairobi. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S Power, Richard W., born 28 November 1927 at Canton, N.Y., he was a graduate of Haverford College, and studied law at Chicago. He was successively a professor of law at California Western University and Indiana University until 1966 when he was appointed a professor of law at St. Louis University. DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 P

Power, W. L., Dr. fl. 1954, he was an agronomist with Knappen-Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy Engineers, New York, and emeritus soil scientist, Oregon Agricultural College and Experiment Station. Note Powers, David Stephen, born 23 July 1951 at Cleveland, Ohio, he was a graduate of Yale, and received a Ph.D. in 1979 at Princeton with a thesis entitled The formation of the Islamic law of inheritance. In 1979 he was appointed a professor of Arabic and Islamic studies at Cornell University, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Studies in Our'an and hadith; the formation of the Islamic law of inheritance (1986); he translated from the Arabic of al-Tabari, Empire in transition (1989); and he was joint editor of Islamic legal interpretation; muftis and their fatwas (1996). DrAS, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995-2000; Private

Powers, Harold Stone, born 5 August 1928 at N.Y.C., he was a graduate of Syracuse (N.Y.) University, and received a Ph.D. in musicology in 1952 at Princeton with a thesis entitled The background of the South Indian Raga-system. He was a professor of music at various American universities before he was appointed at Princeton in 1973, a post which he still held in 1995. He was joint author of Puccini's Turandot; the end of the great tradition (1991). Master (3); WhoAm, 1978/79, 1980/81 Poydenot, Gaston, born 19th cent. In the service of the Secretalre d'Etat aux Colonies he went to Obock from March to May 1889, a journey which he described in his Voyages a'etudes a Obock (1890). His writings also include Obock, station de revetelltement pour la marine trenceise (1893). BN Poynter, Mary Augusta nee Mason (Dickinson), born 6 August 1861 at Windsor, N.Y., she was educated at Windsor Academy and Binghamton College. She was a poet and contributor to periodicals. (She was the adopted daughter of Charles Monroe Dickinson and his wife; he was an American consul-general to Turkey from 1897-1906.) She married Hugh Edward Poynter at Constantinople on 3 October 1905. Her writings include collected poems entitled With the seasons (1897), and Around the shores of Asia; a diary of travel from the Golden Horn to the Golden Gate (London 1921), and Along the winding road (New York, 1925). Amlndex (3) Poyto, Robert, fl. 1968, he was affiliated with the Algerian Centre de recherches anthropologiques, prehlstoriques et ethnographies. His writings include Corpus des peintures et gravures rupestres de Grande Kabylie (Paris, 1969). BN; LC

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Pozdena, Hans, born in 1944, his writings include Das Dashtiari-Gebiet in Persisch-Belutschistan (1978), a work which was originally submitted as a Dr.phil. thesis in 1975 at the Universltat Wien. LC Pozder, Karolyi (Karl), born in 1855, his writings include Idegen sz6k a gorogben es latinban (Budapest, 1883). NUC, pre-1956 Pozel von Viranyos, Tibor, born 19th cent., he served in 1915 as an Austrian k. u. k. vice-consul at Antalya. Note Poznanski, Samuel Abraham, born 3 September 1864 at Lubraniec, Russian Poland, he was educated at Warszawa and continued his studies at the Universitat, and the Hochschule fOr die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Berlin. He was a Hebrew and Arabic scholar, and an authority on modern Karaism. His writings include Mose B. Samuel Hakkoha Ibn Chiquitilla, nebst Fragmenten seiner Schriften (1895). He died 6 November 1921. JewEnc; JOdLex; PSB; Wininger Pozzi, Jean Felix Anne, born 30 May 1884 at Paris, he was a graduate of the Faculte de droit and l'Ecole des sciences politiques, Paris. He entered the foreign service in 1907 and served as a secretary at the French embassy in Constantinople. He was later posted to London, Praha, and MOnchen. In 1926 he was a conseiller juridique at Constantinople and a French representative in the Commission internationale des Detrolts. Index BFr2 (1); Qui est-ee, 1934; Qui etes-vcus, 1924 Pradel de Lamase, Martial de, fl. 1958, his writings include L'H6tel de la marine (1924), Le chateau de Vincennes (1932), and he edited Legitimisme et papaute (1942). LC Pradhan, Ram Chandra, fl. 1966. In the 1960s he was a researcher at the Department of Central Asian Studies, Indian School of International Studies, New Delhi. He published a revision of his University of Ranchi thesis as The United Nations and the Congo crisis (1975). LC Pradler-Fodere, Paul Louis Ernest, born 11 July 1827 at Strasbourg, he studied liberal arts and law at Strasbourg and Paris, and was a barrister-at-Iaw in Paris until 1857 when he turned to teaching law at the College arrnenlen Moorat in Paris. He later taught at l'Ecole Iibre des sciences politiques until 1874 when he was invited to teach political and administrative science at the Universidad de Lima. In 1882 he was nominated conseiller at the Lyon Court of Appeal. His writings include Principes generaux de droit, de politique et de legislation (1869), Cours de droit diplomatique a /'usage des agents politiques (1881), and Treite de droit international public europeen et emeticein (1885-1904). Most of his works have been translated into Spanish. He died in 1904. Dantes 1; Hoefer; NDBA; OxLaw; Vapereau Praetorius, Franz, born 22 December 1847 at Berlin, he studied Oriental languages at Berlin and Leipzig and received a Dr.phil in 1870 at Halle. He had two spells of teaching each at Halle and Breslau. His writings include Grammatik der Tigrinasprache in Abessinien (1871), and Athiopische Grammatik (1886). He died in Breslau, 21 January 1927. DtBE; FOck; ZDMG, 81 (1927), pp. 159-167 Prakash, Buddha, born in 1924, his writings include Studies in Indian history and civilization (1962), Aspects of Indian history and civilization (1965), Glimpses of ancient Panjab (1966), and Hariyana through the ages (1970). LC Prakash, Om, born 18 August 1927 at Lucknow, he was a professor of economics at the University of Allahabad, and a university administrator. His writings include The theory and working of state corporations (1963). LC; WhoWor, 1974/75 Pranger, Robert John, born 6 November 1931 at Waukesha, Wise., he was a graduate of the University of California at Berkeley, where he took his Ph.D. in 1961 with a thesis entitled The problem of citizenship in the action theories of modern social science and existentialism. From 1972 to 1981 he was director of Foreign and Defense Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C. He subsequently became a lecturer at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. His writings include The eclipse of citizenship (1968), American policy for peace in the Middle East, 1969-1971 (1971), Detente and defense; a reader (1976), and numerous brief monographic studies. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 2528, new rev., 10; WhoAm, 1984-1988/89; WhoAmP, 1973-1999/2000; WrDr, 1976/78-1996/98

Prasad, Bimla, born in 1925, he received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Columbia University, N.Y.C. with a thesis entitled The origins of Indian foreign policy. For some twenty-odd years he was a professor of South Asian studies at the Centre for South, South-East, and Central Asian Studies, School of International Studies, New Delhi. His writings include Indo-Soviet relations, 1949-1972 (1973), and Gandhi, Nehru, & J. P. (1985). LC Prasad, Bisheshwar, born in 1902, he received a doctorate in 1936 from Allahabad University with a thesis entitled The origins of provincial autonomy. In 1969 he was vice-chancellor of Bhagalpur Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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University. His writings include Changing mood of Indian national movement (1966), India and the war (1966), and Bondage and freedom (1977-79). LC Prasse, Karl Gottfried, born 14 August 1929 at Hamburg, he was a graduate of Kebenhavns Universitet, and became a lecturer at its Egyptologisk Institut. His writings include A propos de I'origine de h touareg (1969), and Manuel de grammaire touereque (1972). IWWAS, 1975/76 Pratap, Mahendra, born 19th cent., his writings include My life story of fifty-five years, December 1886 to December 1941 (1947), and Lenin, the builder, Karl Marx, the breaker, Mao, the defender (197-). LC Pratesi, Riccardo, born 3 December 1910 at Tizzana (Pistoia), Italy, he was a Franciscan Father, and an archivist. He was a professor at the Collegio internazionale di Quaracchi, Sezione storica, and successively a professor of ecclesiastical history at Siena and Firenze. Vaccaro Prato, Stanislao, born 11 August 1842 at Livorno, he was a graduate of the Universita di Torino and successively a secondary school teacher at various locations, and since 1876 a professor of Italian literature at Liceo di Spoleto. His writings on Italian literature and comparative mythology include Quattro novelline popolari livornesi (1880), and II sole, la luna, Ie stelle immagini simboliche di belezza nelle lingue orientali (1896). Encltaliana; Firenze; IndBI (2) Pratt, Josiah, born at Birmingham in 1768, he graduated B.A. at Oxford and was ordained deacon in 1792. He was secretary to the Church Missionary Society from 1802 to 1824. His plans to produce a polyglott Bible never realized but he succeeded by publishing the works of three bishops. He died in London in 1844. BiOLA; DcBiPP; DNB Prawer (Praver), Joshua, born 10 November 1917 at Bedzln, Russian Poland, he went to Palestine in 1936 and studied at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. He was a professor of the crusades and the Latin kingdoms of Jerusalem at his alma mater. As deputy dean, and later dean, of the Faculty of Humanities he played a decisive role in devising Israel's arts curricula. From 1964 to 1966 he headed the government-appointed Prawer Committee on education. He was also one of the founders of the universities of Haifa and Beersheba. His writings include Mamlekhet Yerushalayim ha- Tsalbanit (1946), Histoire du Royaume latin de Jerusalem (1969-70), The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem (1972), The world of the crusaders (1973), its translation, Die Welt der Kreuzfahrer (1974), and Crusader institutions (1980). In 1982 he was honoured by a jubilee volume. He died in Jerusalem, 30 April 1900. ConAu 41-44; MESA bulletin 25 (1991), pp. 151-152; Wholsrael, 1958-1990/91; WhoWorJ,1965 Prax, vice-consul de France, fl. 1852, he travelled from Suez to Medina about 1840, and later from the Regence de Tripoli to Central Africa. His writings include the booklet, Le commerce de I'Algerie avec La Mecque et Ie Soudan (Paris, 1849). BN Preece, John Richard, born in 1843, he was an assistant traffic manager with the Indo-European Telegraph Department since 1868, and travelled in Persia in 1884. He joined the consular service in 1891 and was British consul at Isfahan in 1891, and consul-general from 1900 to 1906. Thanks largely to his support, British oil prospectors were able to negotiate a drilling permission with the Bakhtiyari khans in 1905. He died in 1917. Henze; Who was who, 2; Wright, p. 85 Preger, Theodor Christoph, born 24 March 1866 at MOnchen, he studied classics and received a doctorate in 1889 at MOnchen with a thesis entitled De epigrammatis Graecis meletemata selecta. After completing post-doctoral studies at Bonn, Kebenhavn and Berlin he taught at Max-Gymnasium, MOnchen. From September 1892 to Christmas 1893 he was travelling in Italy and Greece. After his return he taught as a secondary school professor at Ansbach. Since 1902 he suffered from rheumatism and died in MOnchen on 18 December 1911. His writings include Scriptores originvm Constantinopolitarvm (Leipzig, 1901-1907. DtBilnd (2) Prehn von Dewitz, Hanns, born 22 July 1885 at Hamburg, he studied liberal arts, including Chinese, at Gottingen, Lausanne, Berlin, Kiel, Hamburg, and Konigsberg. He was a writer, particularly of historical biographies. He wrote Marie Antoinette (1913), Der Kampf um Konstantinopel (1915), and Die den Tod besiegen (1949). He died in the 1970s. Weristwer, 1955, 1958 Preidel, Helmut, born 17 May 1900 at Bodenbach, Austria-Hungary, he studied history, German literature, archaeology, anthropology, and geography at Karls Unlversitat, Prag, and received a Dr.phil. in 1923 at Halle. He then obtained an unpaid assignment at the Staatlichen Museen, Berlin, before he qualified as a teacher of history and geography at German-language secondary schools. Since 1935 he was active in prehistoric matters at museums in Saaz and Komotau. After his expulsion in the wake of the war, he was resident in MOnchen. His writings include Slawische Altertumskunde des ostlicnen Mitteleuropas im 9. und 10. Jahrhundert (1961). He died from a traffic accident, 14 August 1980. KUrschner, 1950-1980; Sildost-Forschungen 39 (1980), pp. 240-241

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Preisberg, Rolf Dieter, fl. 1972, he was associated with the Deutsches Orient-Institut, Hamburg. His writings include Bev61kerung und Beschaftigung im Vorderen Orient; eine biobliographische EinfOhrung (1978), and he was joint author of several collections of documents relating to the Middle East. PreiBler, Holger, born 27 October 1943 at Altmittweida, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1981 at Leipzig for Abhangigkeitsverhaltnis in SOdarabien in muietsebeiscner Zeit. He subsequently taught at the department of Oriental and African studies, Leipzig, a post which he still held in 2000. He translated from the Arabic Die Erlebnisse des syrischen Ritters Usama ibn Munqid; Unterhaltsames und Belehrendes aus der Zeit der Kreuzzuqe (1981), and he edited the proceedings of the 26th Deutscher Orientalistentag, 1995, entitled Annaherung an das Fremde (1998). KOrschner, 1992- 2003; Private Premare, Alfred Louis de, fl. 1970, he was affiliated with the Universite d'Aix-en-Provence in 1987. His writings include Sidi 'Abd-er-Rahman EI-MejdOb; mysticisme populaire, societe et pouvoir au Maroc au 16e siecle (1985), Joseph et Muhammad, Ie chapitre 12 du Coran; etudes textuel/es (1989), Dictionnaire ereae-trenceis (1993-98); he translated from the Arabic of Ibrahim b. 'Abd Allah ibn alHajj, Maghreb et Andalousie au X/Ve siecle; les notes de voyage d'un Andalou au Maroc, 1344-1345 (1981); and he edited and translated La tradition orale du MejdOb;recits et quatrains inedlts (1986). LC Prenant, Andre, fl. 1953-1978, he was joint author of L'Algerie, passe et present; Ie cadre et les etapes de la constitution de 1'Algerie actuel/e (Paris, 1960). BN Prentice, Sartell, born in 1867 at Albany, N.Y., he graduated at Amherst with the class of 1891 and then studied at the theological seminaries at Chicago and N.Y.C. He was a clergyman at various congregations until his resignation in 1923. He died in October of 1937. NatCAB 42, pp. 540-41; WhAm, 1 Prentiss, Mark 0., born about 1900, he was an American publicist and public relations officer who was a witness to the events in Smyrna (Izmir) of 1922. In 1940 he was secretary of the "American Writers for Wendell L. Willkie," and was active in recruiting writers and editors who favoured Mr. Willkie for president that autumn. He died in N.Y.C. on 21 March 1948. NYT, 23 March 1948, p. 25, col 4 Preobrazhenskii, Petr Fedorovich, Prof., 1894-1926. His writings include TepmynnuaH u PUM (1926), and B Mupe aHmUlfHblX uoeiJ u 06pa30e; edited by S. D. Skazkina and S. L. Utchenko (1965). LC; aSK Presler, Henry Hughes, B.S., B.D., Ph.D., fl. 1965, he was affiliated with the Christian Literature Society and the Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. His writings include Primitive religions in India; a textbook (Madras, 1971), and A search for credible religious healing among Muslims, Hindus, Christians (1993). LC Press, Jesaias, born in 1874 at Jerusalem, he was a historian and a topographer whose writings include Erets Ylsre'el ve Suryah ha-deromit (1921), Peiesttn« und SOdsyrien (1921), and Neues Palastina-Handbuch (1934). He died in 1955. EncJud; NUC, pre-1956 von Pressel, Wilhelm, born 28 October 1821 at Stuttgart into a family of twelve children, he came to engineering initially in disobedience to his parents wishes. He was instrumental in the construction of Austria's southern railway line and was later involved in the Hungarian extension. Although he became affiliated with railway construction in the Ottoman Empire in 1865, it was not until 1872 that the Ottoman government appointed him imperial director-general of the railway project. Within a year he had completed plans for the forty thousand-mile Anatolian network. His writings include Les chemins de fer en Turquie d'Asie; projet d'un reseeu complet (ZOrich, 1902). He died in Constantinople on 16 May 1902. BioJahr 7 (1905), pp. 242-245; DtBE; Meydan; C>BL Pressense, Francis Charles de Hault de, born 3 or 30 September 1853 at Paris, where he also completed his studies in literature and law. He was employed at the cabinet of the Ministere de I'lnstruction publique in 1878, and moved to the Ministere des Affaires etranqeres in 1879 as ambassadorial secretary and charge d'affaires, serving at Constantinople and Washington, D.C. He resigned his diplomatic career in 1882 and turned to journalism. Shortly after the turn of the century he established the Ligue des droits de I'homme and became a member of the Socialist Party. From 1902 to 1910 he was a depute. His writings include Les atrocities dans les prisons russes (1913), and its translations into English and German in the same year. He also wrote about the Dreyfus case. He died in Paris on 19 January 1914. Curinier 4 (1903), pp. 285-286; Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier fram;ais, 14 (1976), pp. 313-315

Preston, Adrian W., he completed his Ph.D. in 1966 at London with a thesis entitled British military policy and the defence of India, 1874-1880. From 1969 to 1980 he was affiliated with the Royal Military College of Canada. He edited In relief of Gordon; Lord Wo/seley's capaign journal of the Khartoum Relief Expedition, 1884-1885 (1970), and he was joint editor of Swords and covenants (1976). LC

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Preston, Theodore, born early 19th cent., he was a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, a member of the Royal Asiatic Society and the Societe asiatique. His writings include The Hebrew text and a Latin version of the book of Solomon, called Ecclesiastes (London, 1845), and Phraseological notes on the Hebrew text of the Book of Genesis (Cambridge, 1853); and he translated from the Arabic Makamat; or, Rhetorical anecdotes of al-Hariri (Paris, 1850). NUC, pre-1956 Pret, Celestin Airne, born in 1852, he was in 1882 the founding editor of Les lois nouvelles, Samoissur-Seine. His writings include Le droit de retention dans les legislations anciennes et modernes, trenceise et etrenqeres (1881), and La lutte des civilisations et J'accord des peuples d'apres les travaux ethnographiques de F.-H. Duchinski (1892). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Prete, Pasquale del, 1911- see Del Prete, Pasquale Pretzl, Otto, born 20 April 1893 at Ingolstadt, Germany, he pursued Old Testament studies at MOnchen where he received a doctorate in theology in 1926 with a thesis entitled Septuagintaprobleme im Buch der Richter. His private Arabic study led him to become a student of, and later successor to, G. Berqstrasser and his Koranic research project, which was supported by the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. His writings include Die Streitschrift des Gazali gegen die Ibahija, im perischen Text herausgegeben und ubersetzi (1933), Die fruhis/amische Attributenlehre, ihre weltanschaulichen Grundlagen und Wirkungen (1940), and several editions of Arabic texts. He died in Ingolstadt, 28 October 1941. DtBE; DtBilnd (1); Kurschner, 1931-1940/41; ZDMG 96 (9142), pp.161-170 PreuB, Johann Anton Julius, born 23 May 1875 at Karlsruhe, Germany, he was ordained vicar at Odenheim on 2 October 1897. Study leave in 1898 and final examination in 1902, was followed by a post as Gymnasium- Professor of linguistics at his home town until his death on 21 December 1934. Apart from a professional promotion in 1906 and an ecclesiastical one in 1934, these were the stages of an uneventful life of an unusually talented linguist who could converse in eighteen languages. He pursued private studies in comparative linguistics, but published next to nothing. He did not seek either honour or recognition and was content to remain a simple priest and school teacher. DtBilnd (1) PreuBer, Richard, born 19th cent., he was in 1928 a director of the German school (Alman Lisesi) in Constantinople. Note Prevost, Jean Francois Cecil, born 4 April 1946 at Nice, he completed his legal studies at Paris with two doctorates. He was a professor of law at the Universlte de Paris and concurrently a lawyer. His writings include Le peuple et son maltre (1983). WhoFr, 1989/90-2000 Prevot, Victor, fl. 1954, he was a writer of geography and economic textbooks, his works include Geographie du monde contemporain (1961), La France et les grandes puissances economiques (1968), Geographie de la France (1968), Le monde depuis 1939 (1970), Pour comprendre la crise economique du monde actuel (1978), Comment fonctionne la monnaie (1979), Geographie des textiles (1979), and he was joint author of Actualites geographiques et economiaues de la France (1976). LC Prevot-Leygonie, Georges, born about 1850, he gained a doctorate in 1884 at Poitiers with a thesis entitled Des promesses et stipulations pour autrui en droit romain et en droit ttenceis. He was a professor of constitutional and international public laws at the Faculte de droit de Poitiers. On 3 November 1922 he delivered a lecture at his alma mater, entitled L'Allemagne et nous (1923). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Price, Clair, fl. 1920-1929, he was the author of The rebirth of Turkey (New York, 1923). LC; Master (1) Price, David, born in 1762, he served in the East India Company's army with the rank of a major. After losing a leg in action in India, he became a judge advocate of the Bombay Army. His writings are based on Oriental sources and include Chronological retrospects; or, memoirs of the principal events of Mohammedan history (1811-21), Towards the history of Arabia, antecedent to the birth of Mahommed, arranged from the Tarikh Tebry (1824), Memoirs of the Emperor Jahangueir (1829), and the autobiography, Memoirs of the early life and service of a field officer on the retired list of the Indian Army, edited by Edward Moor (1839). He died in 1835. Buckland; DNB; Riddick Price, David Lynn, fl. 1978, he was a consultant and political analyst specializing in Middle Eastern affairs. He made several long visits to Morocco and the western Sahara, and was a member of the Research Department, Institute for the Study of Conflict, London, as well as an editor of Conflict studies. His writings include Oman, insurgency and development (1975), Oil and Middle East security (1976), and The western Sahara (1979). LC Price, David Sutherland. He received a Ph.D. in 1963 from S.U.N.Y. with a thesis entitled In quest of administrative improvement; organization and methods in Egypt, 1944-59. Selim

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Price, James M., fl. 1979, he was a research assistant at Abbott Associates, Inc., and conducted studies on the Soviet role in the Middle East and, in particular, on religious and military aspects of the Lebanese civil war. He was joint author of The Soviet Middle East policy since the October War (1976), and Oil-spill risk analysis (Washington, D.C., U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Branch of Environmental Operations & Analysis, 1996). LC Price, Morgan Philips, born in 1885 at Hillfield, Gloucester, he was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a M.P. for Whitehaven and later a Labour member for the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, where he was also a farmer. He travelled in Central Asia, northern Turkestan, Persia and Turkey before and after the first World War. During the war he was in northern Persia and helped to rescue some Assyrian refugees whom the Kurds were holding as hostages. He was also a war correspondent of the Manchester Guardian in Russia during the 1914-18 war. His writings include Diplomatic history of the War (1914), and War and revolution in Asiatic Russia (1918). He died in 1973. ConAu, P-1, 13-14; Master (1); WhE&EA; Who,1946; Who was who, 7 Price, Thomas, born 23 March 1907, he took an M.A. at Glasgow and became a manager of schools, Blantyre Mission, Nyasaland, from 1928 to 1947. He later served as a lecturer in African studies at the University of Glasgow His writings include Independent African; John Chilembwe and the origins, setting and significance of the Nyasaland native rising of 1915 (1958), and The elements of Nyanja for English-speaking students (1966). Unesco Price, William, born in 1780 at Worcester, he was in 1810 appointed a secretary and interpreter to the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley to Persia from 1811 to 1812. After his return to England he ran his own printing office. His writings include Journal of the British embassy to Persia (1832), and translations from the Persian and Urdu. He died in 1830. ONB Prichard, James Cowles, born in 1786, he took an M.D. at Edinburgh and studied at Cambridge and Oxford, without taking a degree. In 1810 he settled at Bristol as a physician. His writings include Researches into the physical history of man (1813), Natural history of man (148), and its translation, Naturgeschichte des Menschengeschlechts (1840-1848). He died in 1848. CelCen; Egyptology; EncAm; EncBrit;ONB; Master (4)

Pricop, Constantin, born in 1949, his writings include vieie fara sentimente; versuri (Bucurestl, 1982), and Marginea §i centrul; esseu (Bucuresti, 1990). LC Pricot de Sainte-Marie, Evariste, 1843- see Sainte-Marie, Jean Baptiste Evariste Charles Pricot de Prideaux, Francis Beville, lieutenant-colonel, born in 1848, he was educated at Eton and joined the army; he resigned in 1890. He served in the Ashantee war, 1873-74. He died in 1936. Who was who, 3 Prideaux, William Francis, born in 1840, he joined the Bombay Army in 1860. From 1865 to 1868 he was a member of the ill-fated British mission to King Theodore of Abysssinia. He served as acting consul-general at Zanzibar, 1873-75, and in the Persian Gulf, 1876-77. He later served in Central India and advanced to the rank of colonel of the Bombay Staff Corps. While in H.M. Service at Sehore, he translated from the Arabic the didactic poem, The lay of the Himyarites, and had it printed, for private circulation, at the School Press of Sehore, in 1879. He died in St. Peter's, Kent, 6 December 1914. Buckland, Hill; Riddick; Who was who, 1

Pridmore, F., major, fl. 1966-1970, his writings include Coins and coinages of the Straits Settlements and British Malaya, 1786 to 1951 (London, 1968), and The coins of the British Commonwealth of Nations to the end of the reign of George VI, 1952 (1960-65). LC Priest, Cecil Darner, captain, born 19th cent., his writings include A guide to the birds of southern Rhodesia (1929), The birds of southern Rhodesia (1933-34), and Eggs of birds breeding in southern Rhodesia (1948). He died in 1952. AfrBiolnd (1); NUC, pre-1956 Prieto-Moreno y Pardo, Francisco, born early 20th cent., he was arquitecto conservador of the Alhambra. His writings include Granada (Stuttgart, 1956), Los jardines de Granada (1973), and EI Generalife y sus jardines (1976). Indice E (1) Prieto y Vives, Antonio, O.S.A., born 19th cent., his writings include Teoria de los errores fortnitos (1919), Los reyes de Taifas; estudio hisionco-numismetico de los musulmanes esoenotes en el siglo V de la Hegira (Madrid, 1926), and Formaci6n del reino de Granada (1929). He died about 1935. Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, 110 (1937-42), pp. 21-22

Prieur, Michel. He received a doctorate in 1969 at Nancy with a thesis entitled Les entreprises publiques locales. His writings include Droit de I'environnement (1984), and he was joint author of Servitudes de droit prive et de droit public (1976). He was a sometime assistant at the Faculte de droit Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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et des sciences economiques de Paris. In the 1980s he was a director at the Centre du droit de I'environnement in the Universite de Strasbourg. LC

Prigarina, Natal'ia II'inichna, born 8 May 1934 at Moscow, she graduated in 1956 from the Philological Faculty, Moscow State University. Her writings include n033UR MyxaMMaoa MK6ana (1972), Ilcamuxe meopuecmee MyxaMMaoa MK6ana (1978), Mup3a Tanu6 (1986), and she edited flumepamypa Bocmoxe (1969), and Teop-tecmeo MyxaMMaoa MK6ana (1982). Miliband; Millband"; Schoeberlein Primakov, Evgenii Maksimovich, born 29 October 1928 at Kiev, he grew up in Tiflis, graduated in 1953 at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow, and completed his study with a doctorate in economics at Lomonosov University. He was successively a leading member of the Soviet state radio and Middle East correspondent for Pravda. He was a sometime deputy director, and director, of the II1HCTlJ1TYT MlJ1poBOVl 3KOHOMlJ1KlJ1 lJ1 Me>KDtyHapoAHblX OTHoweHlJ1V1 at Moscow, from 1977 to 1985, a chairman of the Oriental Institute in the Academy of Science, and, in 1996, foreign minister. His writings include Cmpenu Apasuu u KonOHuanU3M (1956), True ally in anti-imperialist struggle (1966), Anemouu» 6nU)f(HeSOCmollH080 KOHcjJnuKma (1978), its translation, Anatomy of Middle East conflict (1979), and The East after the collapse of the colonial system (1983). IntYB, 1998; Miliband 2 ; WhoSocC, 1978 Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Miguel, marques de, born in 1870 at Jerez de la Frontera, Spain, he joined the army and served in Morocco from 1909 to 1913, and was military governor of Cadiz from 1915 to 1917. With the rank of general he later raised a military revolt, proclaimed martial law, and was appointed by the King chief of government. He was a politician rather than a soldier. His principal aims was to suppress internal disorders, but failing to establish secure government he was forced to resign in 1930, and he went into exile in Paris, where he died two months later. EncAm; EncicUni; Encltaliana; IndiceE (4); WhoMi1H,1987

Primov, Borislav Svetozarov, fl. 20th cent., he was a Bulgarian historian whose writings include MaKeooHuR Sb ucmopnme Ha 6bn8apcKuR Hapoo (1943),CpeoHoseKosHa ucmopust (1951), 5y8pume (1970), its translation, Les Bougres; histoire du pope Bogomile et de ses adeptes (1975), and he was joint editor of ,aoKyMeHmu sa xemonu-tecxeme oeanocm e 5bn8apuR (1993). LC Prince, Albert Edward, born in 1889, he gained an M.A. and then went for further study to Balliol College, Oxford, where he received a B.Litt. after completing an administrative study of the campaigns of Edward III in the Hundred Years' War. He joined in 1914 the staff of Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., as a lecturer and became a full professor in 1934. During the first World War he entered the British Army, where he rose to a captaincy in the Manchester Regiment. He served in Gallipoli, Egypt, and Palestine, and after the armistice remained for a year in Palestine with the Economic Section of the British Administration. Following his experiences in the Middle East he devoted special study to the history and problems of that area and was repeatedly sought as a speaker by the Foreign Policy Association of New York and other bodies. His writings include the booklet, Palestine in transition from war to peace (1921). He died on 18 September 1946. Canadian historical re-view 27 (1946), p. 464 Prince, John Dyneley, born 17 April 1868 at N.Y.C., he graduated from Columbia University and continued his study at Berlin, completing it in 1893 at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., with a thesis entiled Mene mene tekel upharsin; an historical study of the fifth chapter of Daniel. He went with the University of Pennsylvania on its Mesopotamia expedition from 1888 to 1889. From 1892 to his retirement in 1937 he was a professor of Semitic and Slavic studies at his alma mater. Master (8); WhNAA; WhAm, 2; Who was who, 4

Principe, Walter Henry, born 15 October 1922 at Rochester, N.Y., he was a graduate of the University of Toronto where he became in 1953 a professor of theology, and later dean, St. Michel's College. His writings include Introduction to patristic and medieval theology (1982), and the booklets, Thomas Aquinas' spirituality (1984), and Faith, history, and culture; stability and change in Church teaching (1993). Canadian, 1989-19961; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 P; WhoRel, 1975, 1977, 1992/93 Pringle, Denys, born 20th cent., his writings include The defense of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab conquest (1981), The churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (1993), and he edited T. E. Lawrence, Crusader castles (1988). LC Pringuey, Roland, born 20th cent., his writings include La Bourse de Beyrouth (Beirut, 1959). Prins, Adriaan Hendrik Johan, born 16 December 1921 at Harderwijk, the Netherlands, he completed his study in 1953 at the Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht with a thesis entitled African age-class system; an inquiry into the social order of Galla, Kipsigis and Kikuyu. Since 1951 he was a professor of anthropology at the Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen His writings include The Swahili-speaking peoples of Zanzibar and the East African coast, Arabs, Shirazi and Swahili (1961), A Swahili nautical dictionary (1970), and A handbook of sewn boats (1986). Unesco; WhoWor, 1984/85 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Prins, Jan, born 8 August 1903 at Nieuwendam, the Netherlands, he was educated at Leiden and entered the civil service in the Netherlands East Indies. He returned in 1948 after spending time as a prisoner of war. He gained a doctorate in 1948 at the Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht with a thesis entitled Adat en Islamietische plichtenleer, he became a professor. His writings include De Indonesische huwelijkswet van 1974 (1974), and The double problem of the South Moluccan minority (1978). WhoNL, 1963/63; Wie is wie, 1984/88

Prins, Pierre, fl. 1907, he was a sometime French non-commissioned officer who was sent from April 1898 to May 1899 on a geographical and political mission to Chad where he explored the course of the Chari River. Henze Prinsep, Henry Thoby, born in 1793, he was educated privately and at the East India Company's College at Hertford Castle. He was a colonial administrator whose writings include Origin of Sikh power in the Punjab (1834), a work which was published in a French translation in 1836, Tibet, Tartary, and Mongolia (1852), and The India question in 1853 (1853). He died in 1878. Buckland; DNB; Riddick Priou, Pierre, fl. 1923, he was a captain in the first Regiment de Tirailleurs seneqalais du Maroc.

Note

Prisse d'Avennes, Achilles Constant Theodore Emile, born in 1807 at Avesnes-sur-Helpe (Nord), he was a trained engineer and architect. After participating in the Greek war of indepence, he went to Egypt in 1827 where he obtained an appointment as engineer and lecturer at military schools. In 1836 he began his lifelong career in Egyptology. His writings include L'art arabe d'epres les monuments du Caire (1877), its translation, Arab art as seen through the monuments of Cairo through the 7th century to the 18th (1983), La decoration arabe (1885), and its translation, The decoration arabe (1885), and its translation, The decorative art of Arabia (1989). He died in Paris in 1879. Dawson; Egyptology; LC Pritchard, A. P., fl. 1976, he was a member of the British Museum, and a joint author of Guide to the Department of Oriental Printed Books and Manuscripts (1977). LC Pritchett, Frances W., born in 1947, she was a professor at Columbia University throughout the 1990s and also in 2000. Her writings include Urdu literature (1979), Marvelous encounters; qissa literature in Urdu and Hindi (1981), and she translated The romance of tradition in Urdu; adventures from the Dastan of Amir Hamzah (1991). LC; NatFacDr., 2000 Pritsak, Omeljan, born 7 April 1919 at Luka, Galicia, he was educated at the First Gymnasium in Ternopol, a Polish-language school with a classical curriculum on the old Austrian pattern that included both Latin and Greek. In the teachers' library he had his first encounter with works of history as well as more esoteric subjects, including Persian. When he entered Lvov (Lemberg) University in 1936 it was with the goal of putting Islamic sources at the service of Ukrainian scholarship. He received his first degree in history and Oriental studies, and his first academic post at the Lvov Branch of the Institute of Ukrainian History, shortly after the outbreak of the war. In the autumn of 1940 he was a Red Army soldier stationed in the Bashkir ASSR, an experience that brought him into contact with native Turkic speakers. The German fortune of war degraded him to an Ostarbeiter. In October 1943, however, thanks to the intercession of Richard Hartmann, he was released to resume his Islamic studies at Berlin under severe war-time conditions, where H. H. Schaeder's influence was paramount. After the collapse of Germany he re-established contact with Schaeder at Gottingen, and received a doctorate summa cum laude in Turkology, Iranian, Islamic, and Slavic studies in 1948 with his thesis, Karachanidische Studien. From 1952 until 1961 he was a professor at Hamburg and concurrently a visiting professor at Cambridge, Krakow, Warszawa, and Harvard. In 1961 he moved to the U.S.A., where he became professor of Turkology at Seattle. He went to Harvard as professor of linguistics and Turkology in 1964 and remained there until his retirement. During the last phase of his career he finally returned to his original design, expanding the source base for Ukrainian history to include data from Oriental materials. From the late 1960s he was instrumental in the establishment of Ukrainian studies at Harvard, culminating in the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, of which he became its first director in 1973. His writings include The origins of the Old Rus' weights and monetary systems (1998); a collection of his articles, Studies in medieval Eurasian history, was published in 1981. He was joint author of Khazarian Hebrew documents of the tenth century (1982) and he also wrote at least a quarter of the entries for the first volume of the monumental reference work, Philologiae Turcicae fundamenta (1959). Master (2); Harvard Ukrainian studies 3/4, pt. 1 (1979-80), pp. 1-9 Pritsch, Erich, born 24 June 1887 at Posen, Germany, he studied Turkish, Arabic and law at Berlin and gained a Dr.jur. in 1910 at the Universltat Rostock with a thesis entitled Die BerOcksichtigung der konfessionellen Verhaltnisse in der Einrichtung, Verwaltung und Beaufsichtigung der ottentiichen Volksschulen nach preuf3ischem Recht. From 1916 to 1918 he served as an interpreter in Turkey. He later became a judge, and chairman of a federal court after the second World War. From 1948 to his retirement he was also a professor of comparative law at Koln, He was a member of the Deutsche Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Gesellschaft fur Islamkunde since 1919, and joint author of Die TOrkei seit dem Weltkrieg (1929-31). He died in Koln, 5 August 1961. KOrschner, 1950-1961; Wer ist wer, 1955, 1958, 1962; Welt des Islams 8 (1962),1-2

Prittie, Terence Cornelius Farmer, born in 1913, he gained an M.A. at Christ Church College, Oxford. He served in the war, was a prisoner of war in Germany, and was for twenty-five years a correspondent for the Manchester Guardian. His writings include South to freedom (1946), The economic war against the Jews (1977), Whose Jerusalem (1981), and its translation, Wem qenor: Jerusalem (1981). He died in 1985. ConAu, 1-4, new rev. 4,116; DNB; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; WhE&EA; Who, 1974-1983; Who was who, 8; WrDr, 1976/78-1986/88

Privat, Gaston, fl. 1887, he was in 1916 resident in Cairo and a member of the Societe sultanieh d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation. He contributed to Journal du droit international

prive.

BN; Note

Privat-Deschanel, Paul, fl. 1899-1931, he was a geographer who contributed to the collective work, Geographie universel/e, the part "Oceanie" in volume 10, published in Paris in 1930. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Prlja, Aleksandar, fl. 1970, he was a reporter of the Beograd daily, Politika, and in 1973, a commentator at Beograd Television. Note Probst-Biraben, J. H. Dr., fl. 1938-1946, his writings include Les mysteres des Templiers (Nice, 1947), and Rabelais et les secrets de "Penteqrue)" (Nice, 1950). BN Probster, Edgar, born 14 July 1879 at Neustadt an der Orla, Germany, he studied classical and oriental philology at Jena, MOnchen, Berlin and Leipzig where he gained a Dr.phil. in 1903 for Ibn Ginni's Kitab al-Mugtasab. In the same year he received a diploma as interpreter of Moroccan Arabic, and in 1904 his first law degree at Jena. In 1905 he went to Morocco as a student interpreter and was posted successively to Casablanca and Tanger. From 3 March to 30 July 1909 he was a German and Swedish delegate to the International Claims Commision at Casablanca. From 1910 to 1914 he was successively dragoman and head at the consulate in Fez. During the war he was sent by German submarine on two missions destined to solicit the support of Shaykh Sidi Ahmad al-Sanusi of Cyrenaica in November 1915, and Maulay Hibat Allah of Morocco in October 1916. Left without support in Morocco, he had to evade to Spain ish territory where he was interned until the end of the war. He returned to Germany in 1919 and resigned his post at the foreign service in order to pursue an interest in contemporary history of French North Africa. He completed his second thesis, Privateigentum und Kol/ektivismus im mohamedanischen Liegenschaftsrecht insbeson-dere des Magrib, in 1931 at Leipzig. In April 1936 he was provisionally appointed to the chair of history of the Arab peoples at the Auslandshochschule, Berlin, but less than three years later he had to resign on account of his war-time invalidity. His writings include Die Franzosen in Marokko (1925), Nord-afrikanischer Geschichtskalender, 1937-1939 (1943). He died 18 April 1942. Schwarz; Welt des Islams 24 (1942), pp. 129-131 von Probszt-Ohstorff, GOnther Freiherr, born in 1887 at Graz, he studied history, and history of art, in particular numismatics, and gained a Dr.phil. degree. He served in the Austrian army from 1909 to 1919. He was affiliated with the lnstitut fur Osterreichische Geschichtsforschung in the Universitat Wien. His writings include Quel/enkunde der MOnz- und Geldgeschichte der ehemaligen OsterreichUngarischen Monarchie (1954), Die windisch-kroatische Militargrenze und ihre votteuter; Festgabe tar Gantner Probszt-Ohstorff mit einer WOrdigung des Jubilars von Ferdinand Tremel (1967), and Osterreichische MOnz- und Geldgeschichte (1973). He died in 1973. DtBilnd (1)

Prochazka, Theodore, born in 1938 in Czechoslovakia, he gained a Ph.D. at the University of London, and a degree in Arabic at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. He was a visiting professor of English at the University of Korea, Seoul. His writings on Arabic and Arab architecture include Saudi Arabian dialects (1988). He died in the twentieth century. LC Prohle, Vilmos, born 29 October 1871 at FOlek (Filakovo), Austria-Hungary, he was a professor of Turkish at the universities of Kolozsvar (Klausenburg) and Debrecen. His writings include A japani nemzeti irodalom kis tukre (Budapest, 1937), Grundriss einer vergleichenden Syntax der uralaltaischen Sprachen (Budapest, 1943), and Karagay lehcesi sozlOgO (1991). Ki=kicsoda, 1937 von Prokesch von Osten, Anton Franz, Graf, born 10 December 1795 at Graz, he studied law without taking a degree and joined the army in 1813. In 1823 he was posted to Triest and later travelled to the Middle East as a navy officer. From 1828 to 1829 he was sent to the East on diplomatic missions. After being knighted in 1830 he was variously employed as an Austrian ambassador. His writings include Erinnerungen aus Aegypten und Kleinasien (1829-31), DenkwOrdigkeiten und Erinnerungen aus dem Orient (1836-37), Krieg des Vizekonigs von Aegypten Mohammed Ali's gegen den Sultan (1844), Geschichte des Abfal/s der Griechen vom TOrkischen Reiche im Jahre 1821 (1853), and its

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oew

translation, totoota TGr;tnvaotaoeox; TWV EAAl1vWV «eta uavisou KpaTOUr; tv GTGI 1821 (1868-69). He died in Wien 26 October 1876. Archie otientetn', 70 (2002), pp. 43-50; Dawson; DcBiPP; DtBilnd (13); DtBE; Egyptology; Embacher; EncicUni; GdeEnc; Hill; CBl; Pallas; RNl

Prokopovich, Anatolii Ivanovich, born 8 January 1921 in Russia, he graduated in 1971 at the Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow, with a thesis entitled Pa601lHe napmuu Typu,uu s 60pb6e se couuennoe u nonumuuecsoe otinoenenue cmpenu. He was a lecturer since 1876. Miliband2 Promlriska, Elzbieta Maria, born 3 April 1941 at Warszawa, she gained doctorates in medicine and anthropology in 1968 and 1973 respectively. Since 1962 she was affiliated with the Polish Academy of Science where she was appointed a lecturer in 1973. Her writings include Investigations on the population of Muslim Alexandria (1972), Variations de taille des habitants d'Alexandrie au cours des steeles (1985), Plet czlowieka (1987), and she was joint author of Sudan (1980). WhoWor, 1978/79-1982/83 Promis, Vincenzo, born 8 July 1839 at Torino, he completed his legal study and then pursued an interest in Italian history. From 1874 to his death on 19 December 1889 he was a librarian in Torino. IndBI (2)

Proshin, Nikolai II'ich, born 23 March 1923, he gained a doctorate in 1975 with a thesis entitled

np06neMbl couuenuo-nonumu-teceoeo peseumun Ilueuu u cmenoenenue ee eocyoepcmeennocmu s 60pb6e c uunepuenucmenu s XX seKe, 1911-1969. His writings include Peccxess: apa6ucKux nucameneCi (1956), 3apy6e>KHaR A3UR (1979), and UcmopuR Ilueuu e noeoe epen» (1981). He died

on 30 November 1983. Miliband2

Proskowetz von Proskow und Marstorff, Maximilian von, born 4 November 1851 at Kwassitz (Kvasice), Moravia, he gained a Dr.jur. in 1874 at the Universitat Wien. After briefly practising law, he pursued an interest in theoretical and practical agriculture, an expertise which he demonstrated at various exhibitions and congresses. He travelled extensively in 1878, 1880, 1888/89 and 1894. From 1892 to 1895 he was a member of the Zollbeirat (customs council) and in the following year he entered the foreign service. He was briefly posted to Izmir (Smyrna) and New York before he became consul at Chicago, but died in a railway accident at Fort Wayne, Texas, 18 September 1898. His writings include Streitzuqe eines Landwirths (1881), and Vom Newastrand nach Samarkand (1889). DtBE; DiBilnd (2); CBl

Prostov, Eugene Victor, born 15 December 1906 in Poland, he received a diploma in 1927 at l'Ecole des bibliothecatres, Paris, and a B.A. in 1929 at Wichita, Kan. From 1937 to 1943 he was a cataloguer and librarian in Iowa. WhoLibS, 1955 Prothero, Ralph Mansell, born 20 August 1924 at Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, he graduated at the University of Wales with the class of 1945 and gained a Ph.D. in 1962 at Liverpool. Prior to his appointment as a professor at Liverpool in 1955 he served for five years as a lecturer at Ibadan University. He also was a visiting professor at home and abroad. His writings include Migrant labour from Sokoto Province (1959), Migrants and malaria (1965), and he was joint editor of Circulation in Third World countries (1984), and Circulation and population movement; substance and concepts from the Melanesian case (1985). ConAu,41-44; Unesco Proudfoot, Leslie, born 27 February 1922 in England, she gained an M.A. in 1960 at the University of Manchester with a thesis entitled Dryden's Aenid and its seventeenth century predecessors. She was a sometime director, Extra-Mural Studies, Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone. In the 1960s she was affiliated with the Blackpool Education Authority. Unesco Proust, Achille Adrien , born 18 March 1834 at Hilliers (Eure-et-Loir), he completed his study with a medical doctorate in 1862 at Paris. He practised in Parisian hospitals and also was a professor of hygiene at the Faculte de rnedecine since 1865. He was a member of the Acadernle de rnedecine. His writings include Essai sur I'hygiene intern ationale (1873), and La defense de I'Europe contre la cholera (1892). He died in Paris in 1903. Robert Le Masle wrote a biography entitled Le professeur Adrien Proust (1935). IndBFr2 (2) Prout, Henry Goslee, born in 1845 in Virginia, he was a colonel in the Engineers and entered the service of the Khedive of Egypt in the early 1870s. He led a reconnaissance expedition to Kordofan and Darfur, and later supervised the transport of component parts of the steamer Khedive on the backs of negro porters from the neighbourhood of Rejal to a point upstream of the Fola rapids where she was assembled and launched on the Albert Nile. He wrote A life of George Westinghouse (1921). He died in New Jersey in 1927. Embacher; Hill; Shavit; WhAm, 5; Who was who, 2, 3 Prouteau, Victor, fl. 1958, he was a managing director of Algerie - voyage (Alger), and Bulletin d'information touristique (Alger). His writings include Le tourisme en Algerie (1955). BN

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Provansal-Rallo, Danielle, fl. 1975, she received a doctorate in 1980 at the Universite de Lyon III with her thesis entitled La mutation sociale en Grande Kabylie (Algerie), 1969-1972; approche psychoculturel/e. In 1989 she was affiliated with the Instituto de Estudios Almeriensis de la Diputaci6n Provincial de Almeria. She was joint author of Le developpement in-sense; itinerelres pour un combat (Lausanne, 1978), and Campo de Nijar; cortijeros y areneros (1989). LC; THESAM,2 Prozhogina, Svetlana Viktorovna, born 10 November 1938 at Samara (Kuibyshev), Russia, she gained a doctorate in 1981 at Moscow with a thesis entitled Tunonoeun peseumus coepeuennoii c/JpaHKo-fl3bllfHbIHUX numepamyp cmpen Maapu6a. Her writings include flumepamypa MapoKKo u Tyauca (1968), (/JpaHKofl3bllfHble nucamenu 60-70-x aOaOB (1980), Py6e>K sttox - py6e>K Kynbmyp (1984), and ,[Jpuc WpaiJ6u; HOBoe BpeMfi B Maapu6uHcKol1 numepamype (1986). Miliband2 Prozorov, Stanislav Mikhailovich, born 21 January 1938 at Voronezh, Russia, he was a 1961 graduate of the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad. His writings include Apa6cKafi ucmopuuecxest numepamypa B MpaKe, MpaHe u CpeaHel1 A3UU (1980), he translated from the Arabic of al-Shahrastani, Knuee 0 penueunx u cekmex (1984), and he was joint editor of McnaM; penueus, otnuecmeo, eocyoepcmeo (1984), and McnaM; cnoeeos ameucma (1988). Miliband; Miliband2 Prudhoe, Algernon Percy, Baron, 1792-1865 see Percy, Lord Algernon Pruett, Gordon Early, born 16 October 1941 at Raton, N. Mex., he graduated from Yale University with the class of 1963, completed a graduate degree at Oxford, and gained a Ph.D. in 1968 at Princeton with a thesis entitled Thomas Cramer and the eucharistic controversy in the Reformation. In 1974 he was appointed professor at the Department of Philosophy and Religion, Northeastern University, Boston, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include The meaning and end of suffering for Freud and the Buddhist tradition (1987). DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 P; NatFacDr, 1995; WhoE, 1993/94; WhoRel, 1975,1977

Prufer, Curt Max, born 26 July 1881 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1906 at the Unlversitat Erlangen with a thesis entitled Ein agyptisches Schattenspiel, Li'b ed-der. He started his diplomatic career in 1907 at the German consulate, Cairo, as an Arabic expert. From 1913 to 1914 he privately travelled in the Valley of the Nile. During the first World War he served with Cemal Pasa in Palestine and Syria. He subsequently was attached to the German embassy at Constantinople. In 1917-18 he accompanied the Khedive, 'Abbas II Hilmi, on his state visit to Germany as a guest of the German emperor. In 1920 he resumed his foreign service career and was posted in 1926 to Tiflis, and from 1927 to 1930 to Addis Abeba. He also served for two years in Brazil until diplomatic relations were broken off in 1943. He left a diary, which was published in an English translation entitled Rewriting history; the original and revised World War" diaries, edited by Donald M. McKale (1988); its editor also wrote Curt Prilfer, German diplomat from the Kaiser to Hitler (1987). He died in Baden-Baden 30 January 1959. Paul Kahle remembers PrOfer from the years 1903-8 in Cairo and recalls his phenominal linguistic talent. There were few German Arabists of his day who could equal his command of spoken and written Arabic and who were able to contribute to the Arabic press. DtBilnd (2); Schwarz; Wer ist's, 10 (1935); ZDMG 111 (1961), pp. 1-3

Prusek, Jaroslav, born 14 September 1906 at Prag, he studied at Prag, and in Germany, China and Japan. He was a professor of Chinese studies at Universita Karlova, Praha, and a director of the Oriental Institute in the Czechoslovak Academy of Science. His writings include Cinsky lid v boji za svobodu (1949), Literatura osvobozene Ciny a jeji tkiove tradice (1953), and its translation, Die Literatur des befreiten China und ihre Volkstraditionen (1955). He died in 1980. ConAu, 117, 129; IES; IntWW,1974-1977; PSN; WhoSocC, 1978; WhoWor, 1974/75

Prutz, Hans, born 20 May 1843 at Jena, Germany, he studied history and subsequently taught for ten years at a secondary school. On a government study grant he went in 1874 to Syria. In 1877 he was appointed a professor of history at the Unlversitat Konigsberg, but for reasons of health he had to resign his post in 1902. His writings include Die Besitzungen des Deutschen Ordens im Heiligen Lande (1877), and Kulturgeschichte der Kreuzzilge (1883). He died in Stuttgart on 29 January 1929. BiD&SB; DtBE; DtBilnd (5)

Pruvost, Lucie, fl. 1970, she received a doctorat d'etat in 1977 at the Universite de Paris " with a thesis entitled L'etablissement de la filiation dans Ie droit tunisien. Her writings include Le contrat de mariage (1988). THESAM,2 Pruvost, Rene, born about 1900, he gained two doctorates at the Sorbonne with theses entitled Matteo Bandel/o and Elizabethan fiction, and Robert Greene et ses romans. He was a sometime lecturer in English language and literature at the Faculte des lettres d'Alger. NUC, pre-1956

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Pryce-Jones, David Eugene Henry, born 15 February 1936 at Wien, he was a graduate of Magdalen College, Oxford, and be came a writer. He also taught at workshops of writings at various universities in the United States. His numerous writings include Next generation; travels in Israel (1964). Au&Wr, 1971; ConAu 13-16, new rev., 14,45,71; IntAu&W 1976-2000; Master (3); WrDr 1982/84-1999

Prym, Heinrich Eugen, born 15 December 1843 at DOren, Germany, he studied comparative linguistics and Oriental languages at Berlin, Leipzig, and Bonn, where he obtained a doctoirate in 1867 with a thesis entitled De enuntiationibus relativis semiticis. After a few months' study of manuscripts at Oxford, London, and Paris, he went in November 1868 with his friend, Albert Socin, on an eighteenmonth journey to the Near East, primarily carrying on linguistic field work at Cairo and Damascus. Since 1875 he was a professor of Semitic languages, Sanskrit, and Persian at Bonn, where he died on 6 Mai 1913. He had turned down an invitation from the Universitat TObingen in 1890. He is best remembered as the editor of 1460 pages of de Goeje's al-Tabari edition entitled Annales. BioJahr 18 (1913), p. 116*; Bonner, vol. 8, pp. 313-314; Islam 4 (1913), p. 299

Przheval'skii, Nikolai Mikhailovich, born in 1839 at Kimborovo, Russia. After his school years at Smolensk, he entered the army and studied at the academy of the general staff from 1861 to 1863. From 1864 to 1867 he taught geography at Junker School, Warszawa. Bored with garrison life, he applied for a transfer to eastern Siberia where he found ample opportunities for excursions and explorations apart from his official military duties. During his brief life he completed four important expeditions to Central Asia, Mongolia, China, and Tibet, which he described in several monographs. He died from fever, in Karakol, now Przheval'sk, Kirgizia, shortly after setting out on his fifth expedition, 20 October 1888. Nikolai M. Karataev wrote a biography entitled Huxoneti Muxaunosulf np>KeSanbCKUU - nepeut: uccneooeemens npupoobl llenmoensnot: A3UU (1948). Deutsche Rundschau 11 (1889), pp. 307-315; Embacher; GSE

Przybyllok, Erich, born 30 June 1880 at Tarnowitz, Silesia, he completed his study of astronomy with a doctorate in 1904. He was an assistant at a number of observatories before he became a professor of astronomy and director of the observatory in Konigsberg, a post which he held until its destruction in 1944. His writings include Die Polnonenscnwenkunqen (1914). He spent his last years in Koln, where he died on 11 September 1954. DtBE; DtBilnd (5) Przyluski, Jean, born 17 August 1885, he was a French Indianist, Iranist, and Buddhist scholar of Polish origin. From 1885 to his death on 27 October 1944 he held the chair of Indonesian history at the College de France. His writings include La leqentie de I'empereur A90ka dans les textes indiens et chinois (1923), and Le Conclle de Rajagrha (1826-28). Isis 41 (1950), p. 302; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1950, pp. 98-99; Qui est-ce, 1934; Revue archfwlogique 35 (1950), pp. 101-102

Przypkowski, Tadeusz Konrad, born 12 July 1905 at Jedrzejow, Poland, where he also died on 17 December 1977. He was a writer on the history of astronomy; his writings include 0 Mikolaju Koperniku (1953), Tablica doswiadczalna Kopernika wa Olsztynie (1973), and he was joint author of Historia astronomii w Polsce (1975). PSB Psanchln (Psianchin), Vali Shagalievich, fl. 1971. His writings include t1cmopulfecKafi MopeponoBufi 5awupcKoBO fl3blKa (1976), and Bashqort tele (1997). LC Psomiades, Harry John, born 8 September 1928 at Boston, he received a Ph.D. in 1962 at Columbia University with a thesis entitled Greek-Turkish relations, 1923-1930. After a variety of university posts a became a professor of political science at Queen's College, City University of New York, in 1965. His writings include The Eastern question; the last phase (1968). WhoAm, 1974/75-2000 Pstruslriska, Jadwiga, born 1 March 1947 at Krakow, Poland, she was affiliated with the Institute of Oriental Languages, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Krakow, and was in 1993 a senior lecturer at Wolfson College, Oxford. She was joint editor of Afghanica (1987). DrBSMES, 1993; Schoeberlein Ptitsyn, Grigorii Viktorovich, born in 1911 at Kostroma, Russia, he was a writer on Tajik literature and died in Leningrad in 1942. EST Puaux, Gabriel Paul Ernest, born 19 May 1883 at Paris, he studied law and political science and in 1906 entered the diplomatic service at Bern as an attache d'ambassade. From 1907 to 1913 he was chef de cabinet du resident general, Tunis, and later also served in Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, and Morocco. His writings include Deux enneee au Levant; souvenirs de Syrie et du Liban (1952). He died on 1 January 1970. DBFC, 1954/55; Qui etes-vous, 1924; WhoFr, 1953/54-1969/70 Puccetti, Roland Peter, born 11 August 1924 at Oak Pari, 111., he graduated from the University of Illinois and obtained a doctorate at the Sorbonne in 1952. He was a professor at AUB from 1945 to 1954, and from 1971 to his retirement, in the Department of Philosophy, Dalhousie University, Halifax,

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N.S. His writings include Persons; a study of possible moral agents in the universe (1968).

Canadian,

1982-19931; ConAu,93-96; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 P; Master (2); WhoAm, 1974/75-19941

Puccioni, Nello, born 16 July 1881 at Firenze, he was successively a professor of anthropology at Firenze, 1913-1926, and Pavia, 1926-1929, and a professor of colonial geography and ethnography at the Istituto C. Alfieri di Firenze. His writings include Affrica nord-orientale e Arabia (1929), Antropometria delle genti della Cirenaica (1934-36), Giuba e oltregiuba (1937), and Le popolazioni indigene della Somalia italiana (1937). He died in 1937. em». 1928, 1931, 1936; Rovito Puchkovskii, Leonid Sergeevich, born in 1899 at IUr'ev (Tartu), Estonia, he completed his study in 1944 at Leningrad with a thesis entitled MOHaonbcKue aOKyMeHmbl snucmormpnoeo xepesmep. His writings include MOHaonbcKue, 6YPRm-MoHaonbcKue u otipemcsue pvxonucu u «cunoeoedn» uncmumyma eccmoxoeeoenun (1957). He died 7 March 1970. Miliband; Miliband 2 Puchstein, Otto, born 6 July 1856 at Labes, Germany, he studied classical archaeology and philology as well as ancient Near Eastern history at the Universitat Stra~burg where he obtained a doctorate in 1880. He subsequently worked as an assistant at the Konigliche Museen, Berlin, where he pursued an interest in Egyptian art and architecture. After two years in Egypt, he returned to Berlin for his second doctorate in 1889. In 1896 he became professor of classical archaeology at Freiburg im Breisgau. He later served as head of excavations at Baalbek as well as secretary of the Deutsches Archaoloqisches Institut, Berlin. His writings include Bericht abet eine Reise in Kurdistan (1883), and Fahrer durch die Ruinen von Ba'albek (1905). He died in Berlin, 9 March 1911. DtBE; DtBilnd (4) Puckle, Sir Frederick Hale, born in 1889, he was educated at King's College, Cambridge, and was from 1913 to 1948 a member of the Indian Civil Service. He was joint author of The Punjab colony manual (1922). He died in Oxford, 5 August 1966. Riddick; Who was who, 6 Puech, Gilbert, fl. 1978. He was joint author of Principes de grammaire polylectale (Lyon, 1983). Pugach, Zoia Leonidovna, born in 1932 in the USSR, she was a research fellow at the Institute of Ethnography, Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include Kynbmypa HapOa08 eeoxoesee Huna; no memepuenev nymeiuecmeuii B. B. JOHKep [Wilhelm Junker, 1840-1892] (1985). Unesco Pugachenkova, Galina Anatol'evna (Mrs. Mikhail E. Masson), born in 1915 or 1917 at Vernyi (AlmaAta), she graduated in architecture from the Central Asian Industrial Institute with a thesis entitled ApxumeKmypa CpeaHyu A3UU snoxu Ha80u, and gained a doctorate in 1959. She wrote UCKyccm80 Ac/JaaHucmaHa (1963), XanliaRH (1966), UCKyccm80 TypKMeHucmaHa (1967), and she was joint author of Chefs-reuvre d'architecture de I'Asie centrale (1981). Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Schoeberlein; TurkmenSE Puglisi, Giuseppe, fl. 1957, his writings on Eritrea include I pionieri dell'Eritrea (1950), Eritrea tascabile; piccola guida per iI turista (Asmara, 1953), and he edited Chi e dell'Eritrea, 1952. NUC, pre-1956 Puig i (y) Cadafalch, Jose (Josep), born 15 October 1869 at Mataro, Spain, he was a graduate of the Escoles Pies de Santa Anna and proceeded to graduate studies in physical sciences and mathematics to the Universidad de Barcelona, completing his study with a doctorate at Madrid in 1889. Concurrently he had studied architecture at both universities. He held successively an official position in the city administration of Barcelona, was a deputy, first to the Cortes of Barcelona itself, then to the Province, and president of the Mancomunitat of Catalulia. His writings include La seu visig6tica d'Egara (1936), and L'art wisigothique et ses survivances (1961), and he was joint author of L'arquitectura tomenice a Catalunya (1909-18). He died in Barcelona, 23 December 1956. Dicc bio; IndiceE (1); Revue archeoloqlque

49 (1957), pp. 210-211; Seculum 34 (1959), pp. 535-536

Puigaudeau, Odette du, 1894-1991 see Du Puigaudeau, Odette Puin, Gerd RUdiger, born 21 November 1940 at Konigsberg, Germany, he studied Islamic SUbjects and political science at the Universltat Bonn, where he gained a Dr.phil. in 1969 with a thesis entitled Der Diwan von 'Umar Ibn al-Hattab. From 1964 to 1965 he spent two terms studying at Riyadh. There is an unconfirmed claim in a journal that he was teaching political science at the Oriental Department in the Universitat Saarbrucken, 1974. Puini, Carlo, born in 1839, he was an East Asian scholar whose writings include Enciclopedia sinicogiapponese (Firenze, 1877), Elementi della grammatica mongolica (Firenze, 1878), Saggi di storia della religione (Firenze, 1882), La vecchia Cina (Firenze, 1913), and Taoismo (Lanciano, 1919). He died in 1924. NUC, pre-1956 Pujol, Juan, born in 1883 at La Union (Murcia), he studied law at Barcelona, and Madrid and became a correspondent for Madrid periodicals, and accompanied German armies during the first World War. His writings include De Londras a Flandes; con el ejercito aleman en Beligica (1915), En Galitzia el Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

167 Isonzo; con los ejercitoe del General von Mackensen y del archiduqze Eugenio de Austria (1916), and Lo que ha acurrido en Espana desde el16 de febrero de 1936 (1936). IndiceE (1); NUC, pre-1956

von Pukanszky, Bela, born in 1895, he was a writer on German literature and Germans in Hungary. His writings include Erdelyi szeszok es magyarok (1943), and he edited Deutsch-ungarische Beziehungen (1943). NUC, pre-1956

Pukhov, Innokentii Vasil'evich, fl. 1975, his writings include HKymcKul1 aepol1l1ecKul1 enoc OflOHXO (1962), and Om epOflbKflopa Knumepemype; cmemsu 0 epOflbKflope u numepemype (1980). LC Pulaha, Selami, born 20th cent., he was a historian at the Albanian Institute of History in Tirana. His writings include Lufta shqiptaro-turko ne shekullin 15. Burime Osmano (1968), Popullsia shqiptare e Kosoves gjate shek. XV-XVI (1983); he edited Qendresa e popullit Shqiptar kunoer sundimit Osman nga shekulli XVI deri nefillim te shekullit XVIII (1978); he was joint editor of Studime per epsken e Skenderbeut (1989); and he edited and translated Le cadastre de ran 1485 du Sandjak de Shkoder (1974). He died in May 1992. LC Pulle', Giorgio, born 26 December 1883 at Padova, he gained a doctorate in 1914 and became a professor of geography at the Facolta di scienze politiche di Padova. His writings include Historia mongalorum (1913), Razze e nazioni (1939-40), La Croacia (1942), and L'Ucraina (1942). Chi e 1948, 1957,1961; Wholtaly, 1958

Pulleyblank, Edwin George, born 7 August 1922 at Calgary, Alta., he was educated at the universities of Alberta, and Cambridge, and received a Ph.D. degree in 1951 from the University of London with a thesis entitled The background of the rebellion of An Lu-shan. Thereafter he was a professor of Chinese at the University of Calgary. Directory of American scholars, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; Directory of Asia studies in Canada, 1978, Directory of Asia scholars in Canada, 1983

Pullicino, G. Cassar, 1921- see Cassar Pullicino, G. Pulszky, Ferenc Aurelius, born 17 September 1814 at Eperjes (Presov), Slovakia, he studied archaeology and then travelled in Europe. After his return he also completed a law degree. He was a sometime parliamentarian at Prefsburq (Bratislava), and an editor of Archcsologiai ertesito. His writings include Aus dem Tagebuch eines in Grol3britannien reisenden Ungarn (1837), Catalogue of the Fejervary ivories in the Museum of Joseph Mayer (1856), Die Jacobiner in Ungarn (1851), its translation, A Magyar jacobinusok (1862), and Meine Zeit, mein Leben (1880-83). He died in Budapest on 9 September 1897. BbD; BiD&SB; DcBiPP; Pallas; RNL; UjLex Pumphrey, Mary E., fl. 1935, she was affiliated with the Society of Friends' Home Service Committee, and its Literature Committee. Her writings include the booklets, Edward Grubb; a brief memoir (London, 1940), and The life of Christofer G. Naish (London, 1949). BLC Pundik, Herbert Nachum, born 23 September 1923 at Kebenhavn, where he studied from 1950 to 1954. He became a writer on Afro-Asian affairs, and was a sometime senior staff member of the Israeli Labour daily, Davar, as well as correspondent for Danish and Norwegian dailies. In 1967 he began his long affiliation with the Kebenhavn daily, Politiken, whose editor-in-chief he became in 1970. His writings include Det kan ikke ske i Danmark (1993), and its translation, Die Flucht der oenlschen Juden 1943 nach Schweden (1995). Kraks, 1990-1999; WhoWor, 1976/77 Pupikofer, Maxime, born 19th cent., he was a barrister in the Egyptian Mixed Court of Appeal, and editor of Gazette des Tribunaux mixtes d'Egypte and Journal des Tribunaux mixtes. He edited Le code de commerce egyptien mixte ennote, con tenant, sous chaque article, les references avec les textes ... (1925), and Lesjurisdictions mixtes d'Egypte, 1876-1926; livre d'or(1926). NUC, pre-1956

Pur Davud, Ibrahim, born 5 March 1886 at Rasht, Persia, his writings include Purandukht-namah (Bombay, 1922). He died on 19 November 1968. Iranistische Mitteilungen 4 (1970), pp. 3-33 P'urc'elaze, N. N., 1930- see Purtseladze, Nana Nikolaevna Purdy, Erastus Sparrow, born in 1838 in N.Y.C., he served in the Civil War and in 1870 joined the Egyptian general staff with the rank of colonel. He led geographical expeditions which surveyed the eastern coastal region of Upper Egypt and later commanded an expedition of reconnaissance to Darfur, 1874-76. From 1879 to 1881 he was a cadastral inspector in Cairo. He died ill and indebted in Cairo on 21 June 1881. Amlndex (1); Henze; Hill; Shavit Purhadi, Ibrahim Vaqfi, born about 1935 in Afghanistan, he obtained an M.A. in 1978 at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., and became a Persian and Afghan cataloguer at the Library of Congress, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Persian and Afghan newspapers in Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

168 the Library of Congress, 1871-1978 (1979), and Iran and the United States, 1979-1981, three years of confrontation; a selected list of references (1982). MESA Roster of members, 1990; Private

Purtseladze, Nana Nikolaevna, born 25 July 1930 at Tbilisi, she graduated in 1953 from the Oriental Faculty, Tbilisi State University, and received her first degree in 1962 with a thesis entiled Bonpocu bl3blKa MaxMyo TeuMypa. Since 1966 she was associated with the Oriental Faculty of her alma mater as a lecturer. Miliband2 Purvis, Malcolm John, born in 1940 at Dorking, Surrey, he graduated at the University of London with the class of 1962 and gained a Ph.D. in 1966 at Cornell University with a thesis entitled Evaluation and use of underdeveloped agricultural statistics; the food economy of Malaysia. He taught at Cornell, and Michigan State University before he was appointed a profesor of agricultural economics at the University of Minnesota in 1968. His writings include Research report on the food economy of Malaysia and Brunei (1965), and Report on a survey of the oil palm rehabilitation scheme in eastern Nigeria, 1967 (1968). AmM&WSc, 1973 S, 1978 S PLischel, Erich, born about 1900, he gained a Dr.med. in 1931 at the Universitat MOnster. He was a professor at a Bochum hospital and concurrently a university lecturer. His writings include Die Hilfe der deutschen Caritas far Vertriebene und Flachtlinge nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg (1972), and Die Menstruation und ihre Tabus (1988). KOrschner, 1992, 1996 Putney, Ethel W., fl. 1916 at Cairo, she was in 1924 a principal of the Gedik Pasha School in Constantinople. Note about the author Puto, Arben, fl. 1969, his writings include Peveresie shqiptare dhe diplomacia e fuqive te meane (1978), its translation, tndepenaence albanaise et la diplomatie des grandes puissances, 1912-1914 (1982), E drejta ndarkombatare publike (1981-86), National forces against imperialist dictate in the organization of the Albanian state, 1912-1914 (1983), the translations, In den Annalen der englischen Diplomatie (1980), and From the annals of British diplomacy, 1939-1944 (1981), and he edited geshta shqiptare ne aktet ndarkombatare ta perindhassa imperializmit (1984). LC Putsek-Grigorovich, Vasilii Grigor'evich, his ecclesiastical name was Veniamin, Metropolitan of Kazan, he was born in 1706. His writings include COlJuHeHifl, npUHaOne>Kaw,ue K apaMMamuKe uyeeuscsoeo fl3blKa (St. Petersburg, 1769). He died 17 March 1782 or 3. BiobibSOT, pp. 240-241 Puttrich-Reignard, Oswin Hans-Wolf, born 25 August 1906 at BrotterodelThOringen, Germany, he was educated at the Kadettenhaus in Naumburg, and studied law and history of art at MOnchen, Berlin, Halle and Kiel, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1934 with a thesis entitled Die G/asfunde von Ktesiphon. During his study he made several extensive journeys abroad. In the winter of 1931 to 1932 he participated in the combined excavations of the Islamische Abteilung der Staatlichen Museen in Berlin and the Metropolitan Museum of New York, at Ctesiphon. This was followed by excavations of the Gorresgesellschaft at Lake Tiberias. He was joint author of Ein frahislamischer Bau am See Genezareth (1937). Thesis Puturidze (P'ut'urize), Vladimir Sardionovich, born in 1893 at Kutaisi, Georgia, he graduated in 1917 from the Faculty of Oriental Languages, Petrograd. He was an Iranian scholar at Tbilisi State University from 1935 to 1960. His writings include HalJanbHafi xpecmouemun nepcuocsoeo fl3blKa (1935), Itepcuocxe» xpecmouemun co cnoeepeu (1946), and he edited excerpts of Hasan Rumlu entitled ceeoenu« xecene PyMny 0 rpY3UU (1966), and of Iskandar Beg Turkman entitled Ceeoeuu» J.1cKaHoepa MyHwu 0 rpy3uu (1969). He died 23 April 1966. Index Islamicus (3); Miliband; Miliband2 Puymaigre, Theodore Joseph Boudet comte de, born 17 May 1816 at Metz, he started life in the military, but after the July 1830 revolution decided to pursue literary interests. After long travels in Italy, he became an editor and contributor to Metz periodicals. His writings include Heures perdues (1866), and Folk-lore (1885). He died in 1901. BiD&SB; Curiner, vol. 1 (1901), pp. 263-266; Dantes 1; Vapereau Puyol y Alonso, Julio, born in 1865 at Leon, Spain, he was a historian, literary critic and essayist. His writings include EI arcipreste de Hita (1906), and he edited Cr6nica incompleta de los reyes cat6licos (1469-1476) segan un manuscrito an6nimo de la epoce (1934). He died in 1937. DcSpL; EncicUni; IndiceE (2); OxSpan

Puyon de Pouvourville, Eugene Albert, 1861-1939 see Pouvourville, Eugene Albert Pouyou de Pyadyshev, B. see Piadyshev, Boris Dmitrievich Pybus, Gilbert Douglas, fl. 1950, his writings include A text-book of Urdu prosody and rhetoric (Lahore, 1924). NUC, pre-1956

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Pye, Edith Mary, born in 1876 at London, she was a registered nurse and a midwife, and since 1908 a Quaker. For her wartime nursing service in France, 1914-1919, she was awarded chevalier of the Legion d'honneur. She was a member of the International League for Peace and Freedom and later served in Wien, the French-occupied Ruhr, and on the French-Spanish border. From 1940 to 1945 she worked as an honorary secretary to the Famine Relief Committee. She edited War and the aftermath (1956): She died in 1965. DNB Pym, Michael (Mrs. Marie Louise Lucia Michael Nuneham Pym), born 20 October 1889, she was an American publicist and a founding member of the Women's National Press Club. She was a sometime correspondent in India and author of The power of India (1930). She died in 1983. ConAu, 109; WhAm, 9

Qaddafi, Muammar Muhammad, born in 1942 in the area of Sirte, Libya, he spent his formative school years in Sebha, between 1956 and 1961. After he graduated from high school in Misrata, in 1963, he entered the Military Academy in Benghazi and graduated in 1965. Afterwards he attended an army school at Bovington Hythe in Beaconsfield, where he took a six-month signals course. Upon his return to Libya, he enrolled in the University of Benghazi and majored in history. He never completed his studies but was commissioned in 1966 to the signals corps of the Libyan Army. In the aftermath of a bloodless military coup which overthrew the Sanusi monarchy on 1 September 1969, he eventually gained control over Libya. His main political ideas were propounded in his Green book published in three volumes between 1976 and 1978. AfricaWW, 1991, 1996; Bidwell2 ; Bioln 15 (20); CurBio, 1992; EEE, vol. 4, p.254; IntWW, 1996/97-2002; Makers, 1996; Master (4); MideE, 1982/83; Reich; WhoArab, 1997/98, 1999/2000

al-Qaddumi (Kaddoumi), Faruq, born in 1930 in Nablus, Palestine, he graduated in economics and political science at Cairo University. He was a founding member and an officer of the PLO. Who's who in the Arab world, 1986/87

al-Qadhdhafi, Mu'ammar Muhammad, see Qaddafi, Muammar Muhammad ai-Qadi (Kadi), Layla Salim, born 20th cent., her writings, all published by the Palestine Liberation Organization, Beirut, include Isra'il fi al-maydan al-dawli (1960), Arab summit conferences and the Palestine problem (1966), al-Qadiyah al-Filastiniyah (1966), Basic political documents of the armed Palestinian resistance movement (1969), A survey of American-Israeli relations (1969), and The ArabIsraeli conflict; the peaceful proposlas, 1948-1972 (1973). LC ai-Qadi (Kadi), Wad ad A., born 23 February 1943 at Beirut, he studied at AUB and the Universitat TObingen, and then held several teaching posts at American universities before he was appointed professor of Islamics, and chairman, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations in the University of Chicago, a post which he still held in 2000. In 1983 he was awarded the Abd ai-Hamid Shuman Prize for young Arab scholars. He was a member of several learned societies. His writings include al-Kaysaniyah fi al-ta'rikh wa-al-adab (1974), a work which he originally submitted as his thesis, and Bishr ibn Abi Kubar al-Balawi (1985). NatFacDr,2000; Private Qadir, Abdul, Sir, Khan Bahadur, born in 1874, he was educated at Forman Christian College, Lahore, and was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn. He was a public prosecutor at Lyallpur from 1912 to 1920, when he was elected to the Punjab Council. From 1930 to 1934 he was a judge of the Punjab High Court, and from 1940 to 1943, chief justice of the Bahawalpur High Court. He had started life as a journalist in 1898, when he founded the Urdu periodical, Makhzan. His writings include The new school of Urdu literature (1898), and Famous Urdu poets and writers (1949). Eminent; WhE&EA; Who was who, 5

Qadir, Chaudhury Abdul, born in 1909 at Jullundur, Bharat, India, he was a graduate of Murray College, Sialkot, and, gained a D.Litt. in 1977 at Lahore. He was a sometime lecturer at Government College, Lahore, and from 1946 to 1970 Iqbal professor, and chairman, Department of Philosophy, University of Panjab. His writings include Akhlaqiyat (1961), Logical positivism (1965) and Philosophy and science in the Islamic world, 2nd ed. (1988). WhoWor 1989/90 Qadir, Manzur, born in 1913 at Lahore, he was educated at Government College, Lahore, Clare College, Cambridge, and was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in 1935. He was an advocate at various courts in Pakistan, and a sometime foreign minister. BiEncPak Qadri, Madad Ali N., fl. 1966, he received a Ph.D. in 1964 at SOAS with a thesis entitled An edition of al-Saghani's al-Takmilah, part one, accompanied by a critical introduction. Sluglett Qanungo (Kanunago), Suniti Bhushan, fl. 1976, he was a Bengali historian whose writings include Bamlaya Baishnaba andolana (1987), and A history of Chittagong (1988), a revision of his doctoral thesis. LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Qar'ali, Bulus, d. 1952, his writings include Les Syriens en Egypte (1928), Les Maronites au Liban (1949), Le Liban et I'empire Ottoman au temps de Fakhraddin II al-Malni, 1590-1635 (1952), and he edited and translated Fakhr ad-Din II, principe del Libano e la corte di Toscana, 1605-1635 (19361938). LC; Zirikli Qarajev, Ornurqul, 1930- see Karaev, Omurkul Karaevich Qardahi, Shukri, 1890- see Cardahi, Choucri Qasimlu, 'Abd al-Rahrnan, 1930-1989 see Ghassemlou, Abdul Rahman Qayyum, Shah Abdul, born in 1936, he was a member of the Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, in 1978. His writings include Egypt reborn; a study of Egypt's freedom movment (1973), and The Arab-Israel conflict (1975). LC Qazi, Mirza Muhammed Javad Khan, born 26 September 1884 at Sandjboulagh, Persia, he was educated in Persia and became secretary to the Persian Embassy in Berlin. He was a founding member of the Deutsch-Persische Gesellschaft, and became the first Persian to obtain a doctorate in 1917 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Ausgewahlte Kapitel aus dem religiosen Rechte des Kalifats. NUC, pre-1956

Qazi, Nabibakhsh, born in 1923, he received his B.A. in Persian and English in 1944 from Bombay University where he also received his M.A. in Persian and Arabic in 1946. In 1953 he obtained a M.Ed. at Sind University and gained a Dr.phil. in 1960 at the Universitat Gottinqen with a thesis entitled Die Mozaffariden in Iran; ein Beitrag zur Hafis-Forschung. He was a sometime professor at various colleges in Karachi and Hyderabad before he was appointed a professor and chairman of the Department of Persian in the University of Sind, Hyderabad. Concurrently he served as director of the Institute of Languages. Al-Qazzaz, Ayad Sayyid Ali, born 23 August 1941 at Baghdad, he graduated from Baghdad University and received a Ph.D. in 1970 at the University of California, Berkeley. He was active in MESA and the Association of Arab American University Graduates, and taught sociology for many years at California State University, Sacramento. His writings include Women in the Middle East and North Africa; an annotated bibliography (1977), and he edited The Arab world; a handbook for teachers (1978). ConAu, 112; WhoArab 1981--2003/2004; WhoWest, 1992/93, 1994/95

Quadri, Rolando, born 22 December 1907 at San Casciano dei Bagni (Siena), he gained a doctorate in law and became a professor of international law successively at Padova, Pisa, and Napoli as well as a visiting professor at Alexandria and Cairo. On several occasions he represented Italy at international conferences. His writings include La giurisdizione sugli stati stranieri (1941), Diritto internazionale pubblico (1949), Manuale di diritto coloniale (1950), and Diritto coloniale (1953). Chi e 1948,1957,1961; Vaccaro; Who Italy 1958

Quandt, William Bauer, born 23 November 1941 at Los Angeles, he graduated at Stranford University with the class of 1963 and received a Ph.D. in 1968 at M.I.T. with a thesis entitled Algerian political elite, 1954 to 1967. He directed the Middle East Office of the National Security Council from January 1977 to June 1979, and was a member of the U.S. negotiating team at Camp David. He later became a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. His writings include Camp David (1986), The United States and Egypt (1990), Peace process; American diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli conflict since 1967 (1993), and he was joint author of The politics of Palestinian nationalism (1973). ConAu, 29, 32, new rev., 35;

Master (1); Selim; WhoSSW, 1975; WrDr, 1976/78-2000

Quataert, Donald George, born 10 September 1941 at Rochester, N.Y., he was a graduate of Boston University who received his M.A. at Harvard, and his Ph.D. in 1973 at U.C.L.A. with a thesis entitled Ottoman reform and agriculture in Anatolia, 1876-1908. In 1974 he was appointed a professor at the Department of History, University of Houston. In 1995, he was a faculty member at SUNY, Binghamton. His writings include Social disintegration and popular resistance in the Ottoman Empire, 18811908 (1983), Ottoman manufacturing in the age of the industrial revolution (1993), and a collection of his articles entitled Workers, peasants and economic change in the Ottoman Empire, 1730-1914 (1993). NatFacDr, 1995; WhoE, 1989/90; WhoSSW, 1984/75, 1986/87 Quatrefages, Rene, fl. 1978. A translation of one of his works was published under the title, Los tercios esperiotes, 1567-1577 (1979). LC Ouatrernere, Etienne Marc, born in 1782 at Paris, he was next to Silvestre de Sacy the greatest French Arabist. In 1808 he became professor of Semitic languages at the College de France. Concurrently he held the chair of Persian at the Ecole des languages vivantes, Paris, since 1832. He was mainly interested in the history and geography of the Middle East, but he was a jealous scholar, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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neither adhering to, nor encouraging the formation of his own school. He worked in isolation among his rich private library. His writings include Melanges d'histoire et de philosophie orientale, precedes d'une notice sur I'auteur par Barthelemy Saint-Hilaire (1854). He died in Paris 10 September 1852. BbD; BiD&SB; Dawson; Egyptology; Flick, p. 152; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (2); Index Islamic us (2); Vapereau

Qubain, Fahim Issa, born in 1924 at Ajlun, Jordan, he graduated at Guilford College with the class of 1950 and received a Ph.D. in 1957 at the University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled The impact of the petroleum industry on Iraq and Bahrain. On a fellowship grant from the Social Science Research Council he carried on field work in the Persian Gulf area in 1952-53. In 1955 he was research associate in charge of the Middle East Section of the Human Relations Area Files at Yale University, New Haven. He was a sometime director of research at the Middle East Institute, Washington, D.C. His writings include The reconstruction of Iraq, 1950-1957 (1958), Inside the Arab mind; a bibliographic survey (1960), Crisis in Lebanon (19619, Education and science in the Arab world (1966) and he was joint author of United Arab Republic, Egypt; its people, its society, its culture (1969). ConAu, 1-4; Selim Quecedo, Francisco, O.F.M., Padre. His writings include EI ilustrfsimo fray Hipolito Sanchez Rangel (Buenos Aires, 1942), and Manuscritos teotoqico-tuosoticos coloniales ssnteterenos (Bogota, 1952). NUC, pre-1956

Quedenfeldt, Max, born 13 June 1851 at Gror1-Glogau, Germany. Early in life he pursued an interest in natural science, but in obedience to his father's wishes, he served in the army from 1866 until he resigned with the rank of first lieutenant in 1888. It was then that he embarked on his anthropological and ethnographical explorations in North Africa and Turkey. His writings include Eintheilung und Verbreitung der Berberbevolkerunq in Marokko (1888-1889), and its translation, Division et repartition de la population berbere au Maroc (1904). He died in Berlin, 18 September 1891, from a fever that he had contracted in Diner, Turkey. ADtB, vol. 53, pp. 176-179; Ausland64, Nr. 46 (1891), pp. 901-902 DtBE; Henze Queirolo, Ernesto, born 19th cent. His writings include" mucnter nella legislazione ottomana (Tripoli, 1918). NUC, pre-1956 Queir6s Veloso (Queiroz Velloso, according to the old orthography), Jose Maria de, born 26 August 1860 at Barcelos, Portugal. After completing his medical study at Porto, he worked as a journalist. Subsequently he was a professor at a variety of institutions, a civilian governor of Viana do Castelo, a deputy, and a senator. At the late 1920s he was concurrently secretary general of the Ministry of Public Instruction, director general of Higher Education, and dean of the Faculty of Arts, Lisboa. It was only after his retirement in 1930 that he was free to pursue his interest in nineteenth century history of the Iberian Peninsula. His writings include Como perdemos Olivenga (1932), D. Sebastiaa, 1554-1578 (1935), A Universidade de Evora (1949), and Estudos bistoticos do seculo XVI (1950). He died in l.isboa, 31 October 1952. riespens 40 (1953), pp. 311-312 Quelle, Otto Friedrich Julius Rudolf, born 23 October 1879 at Nordhausen, Germany, he received a doctorate in geography in 1908 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur Kenntnis der spanischen Sierra Nevada. In 1924 he established the Iberoamerikansches Forschungsinstitut at the Universitat Bonn, and also became the founding editor of the Ibero-amerikanisches Archiv. KOrschner, 1925-1940/41; Wer ist's, 1928, 1935

Queller, Donald Edward, born 14 January 1925 at St. Louis, Mo., he graduated from the University of Michigan with the class of 1949 and received his Ph.D. in 1954 at the University of Wisconsin. He taught at Beloit (Wise.) College and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, before he became a professor of medieval and renaissance history in the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign from 1968 to his retirement. His writings include Early Venetian legislation on ambassadors (1966), The office of ambassador in the middle ages (1967), The fourth crusade; the conquest of Constantinople (1978), The Venetian patriciate; reality and myth (1986), and a selection of his articles entitled Medieval diplomacy and the fourth crusade (1980). ConAu, 53-56, new rev. 4; DrAS, 1969, 1974,1978,1982 H; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982, 1986; WhoAm, 1974/75-1996

Quelquejay, Chantal Lemercier see Lemercier-Quelqejay, Chantal Ouemeneur, Jean, fl. 1941-1963, he was affiliated with the Institut des Belles-Lettres Arabes, Tunis. His writings include Enigmes tunisiennes; textes recueillis (1944), and he was joint author of Les corporations tunisiennes: Le souk des barbouches; Le gardiennage des souks (n.d.) NUC, pre-1956 Queneuil, Henry, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in law in 1907 at the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled De la treite des noirs et de I'esclavage; la conference de Bruxelles et ses resultets. NUC, pre-1956

Quentin, Jean Pierre. He gained a doctorate in law and wrote Trettes et documents relatifs (1976). LC

a la C.E.E.

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Querel, Vittore, born 6 July 1912 at Latisana del Friuli, Italy, he was a journalist from his teens and later became a periodical editor. He also gained a doctorate and served as a lecturer in journalism at the Universita di Palermo. His writings include Palestina e Sionismo (1939), Italiani e Francesi in Tunisia (1940). L'lnghilterra contre I'Egitte (1941), Fronte Est (1943), and" paese di Benito (1952). Chi 8,1948,1957,1961; Chi scrive; Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958

Querfeldt (KsepepeIlbA), Ernest Konradovich, born in 1877 at Pobbash, he was a historian of art, specializing in the Orient, and was awarded a doctorate in 1947. His writings include (/)apepop; «pemKeD ucmopuueceut) ocep« (1940), and KepaMuKa 5nU>KHeaO Bocmose; pyxoeoocmeo K pecncenenuio u onpeoenenuto KepaMUl/eCKUX usoenui: (1947). He died 8 June 1949. Miliband; Miliband 2 Quermonne, Jean-Louis Charles Joseph, born 3 November 1927 at Caen (Calvados), where he was also educated. He obtained a doctorate in public law and a diploma at the Institut d'etudes politiques, Paris. He was successively a barrister at the Cour d'appel de Caen, professor at the Faculte de droit d'Alger, director of the Institut d'etudes politiques, Grenoble, and president of the Unlversite de Grenoble. He became the first vice-president of the Conference des presidents d'universite, upon which post followed similar appointments until his retirement. His writings include Le gouvernement de la France sous la Ve Republique (1980). NONe, 1964; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77; WhoFr, 1965/66-2000 Querry, Amedee, fl. 1896, he was a contributor to the Memolres of the Societe de linguistique de Paris, and he translated from the Arabic of al-Hilli al-Mahaqqiq aI-AwwaI, Droit musulman; receuil de lois concernant les musulmans schyites (1871-72), and from the Persian, Le Cabous name; ou, Livre de Cabous (1886). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Quesnot, Fernand, fl. 1962, he was in 1958/59 affiliated with France Outre-Mer.

Note

Quezel, Pierre Louis, born 9 September 1926 at Vigan (Gard), he was educated at Montpellier where he gained doctorates in medicine and science. He was a professor at the Faculte des sciences d'Alger form 1957 to 1959, and subesequently held the same post at Marseille from 1962 to his retirement in 1995. He participated in several missions to the Sahara and the Moroccan Atlas Mountains. His writings include La vegetation du Sahara (Paris, 1965). WhoFr, 1967/68-2000 Quievreux, Charles Joseph, born in 1860, he was a geographer and a member of the Societe de geographie de Lille. His writings include Tableau historique des progres de I'esprit irenceis depuis la Revolution jusqu'e nos jours (Paris, 1932), Synthese de I'histoire generale des beaux-arts (Paris, 1936), and Le globe terrestre et ses habitants (Lille, 1905). BN; IndexBiFr 2 (1) Quilitzsch, Siegmar, born about 1930, he obtained a Dr.phil. in 1960 at Halle with a thesis entitled Die preuf3isch-russischen diplomatischen Beziehungen im internationalen Machtespiel wahrend des Hohepunktes der Einigung Italien s, 1859-1861. He was affiliated with the Institut fur Geschichte der Volker der UdSSR in the Universltat Halle, 1980, and was a lecturer in history and politics of the USSR at the Hochschule fur Recht und Verwaltung, Potsdam, in 1992. His writings until German reunification consist of some ten ephemeral political tracts of varying length. KClrschner, 19921 Quillard, Pierre, born 14 july 1864 at Paris, he was the founder of the journal Pro Armenia, and secretary of the Ligue des Droits de I'Homme; and he was engaged in the Dreyfus affair. For a brief period, he also contributed to anarchist periodicals. His writings include Ph iloktetes, treqedle de Sophocle et mise a la scene (1896), La question d'Orient et la politique personnelle de M. Hanotaux (1897), Pour l'Armenle; memoire et dossier (1902), La fille aux mains coupees (Exeter, 1976), and he was joint author of Manifestations franco-anglo-italiennes pour l'Armenie et la Meceootne (1904). He died in Neuilly, 4 February 1912. OcBMOuvF 14 (1976), p. 331 Quimby, Lucy Gardner, born in 1944, she received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled Transformations of belief,' Islam among the Dyula of Kongbougou from 1880 to 1970. Selim

Quin, Michael Joseph, born in 1796 in Ireland, he was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn. He devoted himself to travel, literature and journalism, and also took an active part in the affairs of British Catholics. His writings include A steam voyage down the Danube, with sketches of Hungary, Wallachia, and Turkey (1835). He died in 1843. Britlnd (2); ONB; UjLex Quink, Karlgerd, born early 20th cent. After he completed his study of political economy he was for many years head of the Deutsch-Arabische Handelskammer, Cairo. Wer ist wer, 1984-1999/2000 Quinn, Charlotte Alison, born 24 May 1934 at N.V.C., she graduated from Bryn Mawr College with the class of 1956 and received a Ph.D. in 1967 from U.C.L.A. for Traditionalism, Islam and European expansion; the Gambia, 1850-1890. She was a reporter, university administrator and, since 1976, an Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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advisory council on international programs at Bryn Mawr. Her writings include Mandingo kingdoms of the Senegambia; traditionalism, Islam, and European expansion (1972). Selim; WhoAmW, 1977/78 Quinn, John Francis, born 7 May 1925 at Dublin, he graduated from the University of Toronto with the class of 1955 and received his Ph.D. in 1966. In the same year he became a professor of philosophy at the Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies at Toronto. His writings include The historical constitution of St. Bonaventure's philosophy (Toronto, 1973), and he was joint author of The Christian foundations of criminal responsibility (1991). ConAu, 115; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 Quintano Ripolles, Antonio, born in 1906, his writings include Commentario al C6digo penal (1946), its translation, Das spanische Strafgesetzbuch (1955), La criminologfa en la literatura universal (1951), Diccionario de derecho comparado (1951), EI canal de Suez (1953), La falsedad documental (1952), and Tratado de la parte espcial del derecho penal (1962-67). He died in 1967. LC Quintero y de Atauri, Pelayo, born 19 th cent. at Ucles (Cuenca), Spain, he was a landscape painter, a lecturer at the Escuela de Bellas Artes, Sevilla, and a contributor to the Boletfn de la Sociedad Espanola de Escursiones. His writings include Apuntes sobre arqueologfa mauritana de la Zona espanola (1941). LC; Ossorio Quiros Rodrigez, Carlos, fl. 1960, his writings include Instituciones de religi6n musulmana (Ceuta, 1939), Instituciones de derecho musulman (Ceuta, 1942), he translated Fragmento de la epoce sobre Noticias de los reyes nazaritas; 0, Capitulaci6n de Granada y emigraci6n de los andaluces a Marruecos (Larache, 1940), and he edited and translated Poetas nispencerebes, interpretados en verso castellano (Madrid, 1952). LC Quittner, Vera, fl. 1977, she received a doctorate in 1955 at the Universltat Wien with a thesis entitled Fragment des Kommentars zum "Kitab" Sibawajhis von Ar-Rummani. Schwarz

Quraishi, Zaheer Masood, M.A., Ph.D., born in 1932, he was a lecturer in political science at the University of Delhi in 1968, and a professor of political science at the University of Kashmir in 1973. His writings include Liberal nationalism in Egypt; rise and fall of the Wafd Party (1967), Struggle for Rashtrapati Bhawan; a study of presidential elections (Delhi, 1973), Elections & state policies in India; a case-study of Kashmir (1979), and Studies in political science (1991). LC Qureshi, Anwar Iqbal, born in 1910, he was educated at Forman Christian College, Lahore, LSE, and Trinity College, Dublin. He was a sometime chairman of the Department of Economics, Osmania University, and successively an economic adviser to the Government of Pakistan, the International Monetray Fund and the Government of Saudi Arabia. His writings include Agricultural credit (1936), and The economic and social system of Islam (1979). FarE&A, 1978-1981/82; IntWW, 1974/75, 1978/79, 1983/84; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1978/79, 1980/81, 1982/83

Qureshi, Ishtiaq Husain, born in 1903 at Patiali, India, he was educated at Islamia School, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, and S1. Stephen College, Delhi, and received a Ph.D. in 1939 from Cambridge University with a thesis entitled The administration of the Sultanate of Delhi. He was a staff member of the University of Delhi since its foundation and later served as a professor and dean of its Faculty of Arts. After partition, he emigrated to Pakistan and was appointed a professor of history at the University of the Panjab. He subsequently served in the Ministry of Education. Under Ayub Khan he was a director of the Institute of Islamic Studies and later was vice-president of the University of Karachi until his retirement in 1972. After his retirement he returned to politics. His writings include Education in Pakistan (1947), Akbar, the architect of the Mughal Empire (1978), and Perspectives of Islam and Pakistan (1979). He died in Islamabad, 22 January 1981. ConAu,11-12; FarE&A, 1981/82; Joumalofthe Pakistan Historical Society 29 (1981),1-2; Sluglett

Qureshi (Kure~i), Jamil (Cemil) A., 20th cent., he was a sometime lecturer at Oxford, and in 1984 a research fellow at the Islamic Foundation, Leicester. He was joint author of A study of social change in rural Punjab (1980), and he was joint editor of Orientalism, Islam and Islamicists (1984), and its translation, Oryantalistler ve islamiyatr;/Iar (1989). LC Qureshi, Khalida, fl. 1974. For over ten years she was a research officer in the Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, Karachi. Qureshi, M. M., fl. 1980, he gained a doctorate, and served in the Appropriate Technology Development Organization, Islamabad. His writings include Landmarks of jihad (Lahore, 1971). LC Qureshi, M. Naeem, fl. 1977, he gained a Ph.D. in 1973 at SOAS with a thesis entitled The Khilafat movement in India, 1919-1924. He was later affiliated with Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. His writings include Mohamed Ali's Khilafat delegation to Europe, Feb.-Oct. 1920 (1980). Sluglett

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Qureshi, Mohammad Latif, born in 1905, he was a sometime chief economist, Planning Commission, Government of Pakistan. In 1974 he was a director at the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics. His writings include Problems and prospects of development and economic cooperation among Islamic countries (1974), and Planning and development in Pakistan; review and alternatives, 1947-1982 (1984). LC Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt, born about 1940, she received master degrees from the universities of Pennsylvania and Alberta, where she received also a Ph.D. in 1981 with a thesis entitled Qawwali; sound context and meaning of Indo-Muslim Sufi music. Thereafter she was a sessional lecturer at the Department of Music in the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. Her writings include Tarannum, the chanting of Urdu poetry (1968), and Sufi music of India and Pakistan (1986). OrASCan, 1983 Qureshi, Saleem Mohammad Misbahuddin, he gained three degrees before he received his Ph.D. in 1961 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled Incentives in American public employment. Thereafter he was a professor at the Department of Political Science in the University of Alberta, Edmondton, Alta. His writings include The democratic constitution (1959), Jinnah and the making of a nation (1969), and The politics of Jinnah (1988). OrASCan, 1978, 1983 Qureshi, Sarfraz (Sarfaraz) Khan, born first half of 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1976 at Harvard University with a thesis entitled The strategy of development financing; a case study of Pakistan, 1949/69. He was a sometime research economist at the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics. His writings include Pakistan rural credit survey (1984), and he contributed to Some aspects of agricultural price and taxation policies in Pakistan (1985). LC Qureshi, Yasmin, she studied at Karachi University during the 1970s and was in 1979 a lecturer at the Institute of European Studies in Karachi University. Note al-Qusaybi (Algosaibi), Ghazi 'Abd ai-Rahman, born 2 March 1940 at al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia, he was a Saudi poet, scholar, and diplomat, educated at Cairo, the University of Southern California, and London. He was a sometime professor at King Saud University, minister of a variety of portfolios, and an ambassador. His writings include From the Orient and the desert; poems (1977), Arabian essays (1982), Lyrics from Arabia (1983), Feathers and the horizon (1989), Azmat al-KhalTj (1991), and its translation, The Gulf crisis (1993). Bioln 11; Sluglett; WhoArab, 1981-1999/2000; Who's who in SaudiArabia, 1983/4 Qutb, Muhammad, fl. 20th cent., he was a professor of Islamic studies at King 'Abd al-'Aziz University, Mecca, and a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt. His writings include Dirasat fj al-nafs alinsanTyah (1963), Shubuhat hawla ai-Islam (1967), its translation, Islam, the misunderstood religion (1968), and FTal-nafs wa-al-mujtama' (1974). LC Qutb, Sayyid, 1906-1966. He was one of the great Islamic scholars of the twentieth century. He served a long sentence in prison for his Islamic and political opinions and was sentenced to death in Nasser's Egypt in 1966. Posthumously he continued to serve as a popular Islamic spiritual guide. His conception of religion and its relation to secular modernity has had a pervasive influence throughout the Muslim world, particularly in Egypt and other Arab countries. He is best remembered for his work on Islam's socia-economic nature, 'Adalah fj al-ijtima'Tyah fj ai-Islam (1949), and its translation, Social justice in Islam (1953). He wrote the autobiography, Tifl min al-qaryah (1946). Bidwell 2 ; Goldschmidt Qutub (al-Qutb), Ishaq Yacoub, born 12 January 1935 at Hebron, Palestine, he received an M.A. in 1959 from the City College of New York with a thesis entitled Attitudes of Jordanian villagers towards community development plans, and a Ph.D. in 1966 at Michigan State University for The impact of the rural thrift and credit cooperative societies on the traditional social and economic structure of rural Jordan. In 1965, he was an interim director, Cooperative Institute of Jordan, in 1989, a professor at the Department of Sociology and Social Work in the University of Kuwait, and in 1991, a professor at the Department of Anthropology and Social Science in York University, North York, Ont. With the exception of a few mimeographed papers, his writings are in Arabic. Private; Selim

Raab, Carl J. C., fl. 1882, he was a railway engineer and a director in the postal service. His writings include Special-Karte der Eisenbahn-, Post- und Dampfschiff-Verbindungen Mittel-Europas (1856), and FOhrerdurch die Parkanlagen von Wilhelmshohe (1861). GV Raafat, Wahid Fikri, born in 1905 or 6, he graduated from Cairo's law school in 1926 and received a doctorate in law in 1930 at Paris for Le probteme de la secum« internationale. He was a university professor and a judge before becoming the Egyptian Foreign Ministry's legal adviser shortly before the 1952 coup d'etat. He was one of Egypt's top legal scholars and a senior official of the opposition New Wafd Party. He died in his sleep on 12 May 1987, aged eighty-one. NYT, 13 May 1987, p. 0-31, col. 4 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Raana Liaquat Ali Khan, she was married to the first prime minister of Pakistan since 1933. Kay Miles wrote "The dynamo of the silk;" a brief biographical sketch of Begum Raana Liaquat Ali Khan (1963). LC Ra'anan, Uri, born Heinz Felix Frischwasser on 10 June 1926 at Wien, he was educated at Wadham College, Oxford. In 1964, he started a university teaching career at Columbia University, and later taught at Tufts University, and was in various capacities a defence and foreign policy adviser. His writings include Frontiers of a nation (1955), The USSR arms the Third World (1969); he was joint author of The politics of the coup d'etat (1969); he edited Hydra of carnage (1986), The Soviet empire (1990); and he was joint editor of Russian pluralism - now irreversible? (1992). AmM&WS, 1978 S; ConAu, 108, new rev., 25; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H

Rabaud, Alfred, born 8 June 1828 at Marseille, he travelled in eastern Africa, and later continued the family business which his father and uncle had established at Zanzibar. After returning to Marseille, he became the founding president of the Societe de geographie de Marseille. His writings include Compte rendu des travaux de la Societe de geographie de Marseille, 1877-1878 (1877-79). He died in Marseille in 1886. IndexBiFr 2 (1) Rabbath, Edmond, born about 1900, he received a doctorate in 1928 from the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled Evolution politique de la Syrie sous Ie mandat. His writings include Unite syrienne et devenir arabe (1937). BN Rabin, Chaim Menachem, born 22 November 1915 at GieBen, Germany, he was a graduate of SOAS where he also received his Ph.D. in 1939 with a thesis entitled Studies in early Arabic dialects; he gained a D.Litt. at Oxford in 1943. He was a professor of Hebrew at Oxford until 1956 when he moved to the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include Everyday Hebrew (1943); he was also joint author of Everyday Arabic (1940). Au&Wr,1971; ConAu,105; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977; Sluglett; Wholsrael,19581999; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978; WrDr, 1974/76-1990/92

Rabino di Borgomale, Hyacinth Louis, born 27 July 1877 at Lyon. At an early age he mastered Persian calligraphy and described a collection of Persian coins belonging to the Imperial Bank of Persia where his father, Joseph Rabino, was the manager. His son's service in the Kermanshah branch of the Bank (1903-1905) was combined with consular duties in Persian Kurdistan. In 1906, he was transferred to the consular service and posted to Rasht where he spent six years. In 1912, he was appointed to Mogador, Morocco. After serving in Smyrna and Salonika he finished his career as consul-general in Cairo from 1929 to 1937, but until 1947 the British Foreign Office took advantage of his experience. His writings, many of which have been translated into Persian, include Mazandaran and Astarabad (1924-28), and Coins, medals and seals of the shahs of Iran (1945). He died on 26 September 1950. NUC, pre-1956; WhE&EA; Who was who, 4 & 5; Wright, p. 105 Rabinovich, Itamar, born in 1942, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from U.C.L.A. with a thesis entitled Syria under the Ba'th; a study of Syrian political social history, 1963-1966. In 1973, he was acting director of the Shiloah Institute, Tel Aviv. His writings include Syria under the Ba'th (1972), The War for Lebanon, 1970-1983 (1984), and The Road not taken; early Arab-Israeli negotiations (1991). Selim Rabl, Kurt, born 16 September 1909 at Breslau, Germany, he gained three doctorates. He was successively a director of the division of international law and international public law at the Forschungsstelle fur AuBenpolitik und Volkerrecht in the Unlversitat Mainz, and the Hochschule fur Politik, MOnchen. His writings include Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Volker (1973), and Verfassungsrecht und Staats-krise; das Amt des Prasidenten der Vereinigten Staaten (1985), a work which was originally submitted as a Dr.jur. thesis at MOnchen in 1983. KOrschner, 19921 Rabot, Charles, born in 1856 at Nevers, he was an editorial secretary of la Geographie, Paris, and a writer on polar geography and exploration in particular. He died in 1944. Nuc, pre-1956 Rabusson, A., fl. 1836-1867, his writings include De I'agrandissement de I'enceinte des fortifications de Paris du cote de I'est (Paris, 1842), De la defense generale du royaume (Paris, 1843), and De la geographie du nord de I'Afrique pendant les pertodes romaine et arabe (Paris, 1856). NUC, pre-1956 Raby, Julian, born 20th cent., he was a sometime lecturer in Islamic art at Oxford. His writings include Venice, Darer, and the Oriental mode (1982); and he edited The art of Syria and the Jazira, 1100-1250 (1985), and Bayt al-Maqdis; 'Abd aI-Malik's Jerusalem (1992). LC Raccagni, Michelle, born 17 August 1939 at Nice, she studied at l'Ecole nationale des langues orientales vivantes, Paris, and received a Ph.D. in 1983 at New York University with a thesis entitled Origins of feminism in Egypt and Tunisia. She was a member of the Middle East Institute, Washington, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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D.C., and a life member of MESA. Her writings include The modern Arab woman; a bibliography (1978). Private; Selim 2 Rachewiltz, Boris de, 20th cent. His writings include), Incontro con I'arte egiziana (1958), its translations, Egyptian art (1960), and Egiptisk konst (1960), Incontro con I'arte africana (1959), its translation, Et mede met den afrikanske kunst (1960), Eros noir (1965), and" codice d'onore dei beduini giordani (1967). LC Rachewiltz, Igor de, 20th cent., he was in 1988 a senior fellow in the Department of Far Eastern History in the Australian National University, Canberra. His writings include Papal envoys to the Great Khans (1971), Index to the Secret history of the Mongols (1972), and he was joint editor of In the service of the Khan; eminent personalities of the early Mongol-Yuan period (1993). LC Rachkov, Boris Vasil'evich, born in 1932, he was an editor of the Russian foreign trade journal,

BHewHfIfi mopeoenn. His writings include Oil, nations and monopolies (1966), Puuspu "ueonoeo sorteme" (1969), Hedim» u uupoee» nonumuxe (1972), and Energy, problem of the XX century (1979).

Racim, Mohammed, born in 1896 at Alger, he was a miniature painter. Ahmed. Baghli published Mohammed Racim, miniaturiste algerien; introduction et choix de commentaires (1972). ZKO

Racine, Aimee, fl. 1973, he was a writer on juvenile delinquency in Belgium. His writings include Les enfants traduits en justice (1935). LC

Rackham, Bernard, born in 1876 at London, he was a graduate of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and entered the Department of Ceramics, South Kensington (not yet Victoria and Albert) Museum in 1896 as a junior assistant keeper. He retired in 1938 as keeper of the Department. His writings include Catalogue of English porcelain, earthenware, enamels (1915), and Catalogue of Italian maiolica (1940). He died in 1964. Apollo, 109 (May 1979), pp. 402-404; Burlington magazine 106 (September, 1964), pp. 424-425; DNB; WhE&EA; Who was who, 6

Rackow, Ernst, born 12 September 1888 at Berlin. Artistically inclined, he attended art colleges in Berlin and completed a teachers' college in 1910. After his one-year military service he matriculated in the Seminar fur Orientalische Sprachen zu Berlin in order to learn Arabic. He was fascinated by the natives of Asia, and in particular North Africa, where he later studied the material culture of the Bedouins. During the first World War he served as an interpreter in the Halbmondlager (Crescent camp) of North African prisoners of war near Berlin where he collected valuable documents which he later published, jointly with E. Ubach, entitled Sitte und Recht in Nordafrika (1923). In 1919 the French arrested him at Mainz and accused him of espionage because he had tried to approach North African soldiers for study purposes. He was sentenced to several years in prison but later pardoned; almost to the end of his life he was barred entry into France or even crossing the country by air. Supported by C. H. Becker, the Vc5lkerkundemuseum, Berlin, and the Preuf1ische Akademie der Wissenschaften, his ethnographical field work in North Africa in 1939 and 1943 was restricted to Tripolitania. He was able to visit Tunisia after its independence, but died in Mainz on 19 June 1959, before Algeria achieved independence. He also wrote Beitrage zur Kenntnis der materiel/en Kultur Nordwest-Marokkos (1958). ZDMG 110 (= n.F. 60,1960), pp. 15-19

Racy, Ali Jihad, born first half of the 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1977 at the University of Illinois with a thesis entitled Commercial recordings in Egypt, 1904-1977. In 1990, he was a professor of ethno-musicology at U.C.L.A., a post which he still held in 2000. MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 2000

Rad-Serecht, Farhad, fl. 1975, his writings include Le mercne petrolier international; ruptures et nouvel/es configurations (1985), and Les etats du Golfe (1991). LC Rada y Delgado, Juan de Dios de la, born in 1827 at Almeria, he gained a doctorate in law. He was the founder of the Escuela de Dlplomatica where he later became a professor of archaeology and numismatics. His writings include Viaje a Oriente de la fragata de guerra Arapiles (1876-82), Bibliograffa numismetice espanola (1886), and Catalogo de monedas arabigas espettoles que se conservan en el Museo arqueol6gico nacional (1892). He died in 1901. Enciclopedia universal ilustrada (Barcelona); IndiceE3 (2)

Radbill, Samuel X., born 15 June 1901 at Philadelphia, Pa., he gained a M.D. in 1924 at the University of Pennsylvania, and became a pediatrician. His writings include Bibliography of medical ex libris literature (1951). He died in 1987. ConAu,49-52; DrAS, 1969, 1974 H; LC Raddatz, Hans Peter, fl. 1971, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1967 at Bonn with a thesis entitled Die Stel/ung und Bedeutung des Sufyan at- Tauri; ein Beitrag zur Geistesgeschichte des truhen Islam. Schwarz

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Rademacher, Franz, born about 1895, he received a Dr.phil. in 1922 at Bonn with a thesis entitled Die Kanzel in ihrer archaeologischen und kOnstlerischen Entwicklung in Deutschland bis zum Ende der Gotik. His writings include Die deutschen Glaser des Mittelalters (1933), Frenklscne Goldscheinfibeln aus dem Rheinischen Landesmuseum in Bonn (1940), and Verzeichnis der Gemalde, Rheinisches Landesmuseum in Bonn (1959). NUC, pre-1956 Radenie, Andrija, Dr., he was affiliated with the Institute for Historical Research, Novi Sad. His writings include Ceemoenopejcxe csyruumuse (1964), Aycmpo-veepcne u Cp6uja, 1903-1918 (1973), /113 ucmopuje Cp6uje u Bojeooune, 1834-1914 (1973), Rednicki pokret u Vojdjdini do kraja prvog svetskog rata (1984), and ,[JoKyMeHmu 0 cnonjnoj nonumuuu KpanjeauHe Cp6uje, 1903-1914 (1991). LC; NUC, 1973-1977

Radermacher (also Rademacher), Jacobus Cornelis Mattheus, born 31 March 1741 at's Gravenhage, he went to Batavia in 1757 as a junior trader and advanced to become trader in 1761 and senior trader in 1762. He returned in 1764 and, through the good offices of his relatives, he became an honorary syndic of Vlissingen and matriculated in the faculty of law at Harderwijk where he later gained a doctorate. He practised law at Arnhem for some time before once more going out, in 1767, to the Dutch East Indies where, in the following year, he obtained a post as juror at Batavia. In May of 1776 he was appointed raad-extraordinaris van Indie, president of the college of jurors, of custodians and scholarchen of the Batavia schools, colonel of the armed citizenry, and, in 1781, commissaris of the fleet and the army, in which functions he strengthened the defenses in the war with England. In 1778 he was engaged in establishing the Bataviaasch Genootschaft van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. On 17 November 1783 he was ordered home and put in charge of the return convoy, but he was murdered at sea during the mutiny of the Chinese crew on 24 December 1783. His writings include Korte schets van de bezittingen der Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Maatschappig (1779). BiBenelux (5); NieuwNBW, vol. 2, col. 1153-54

Radet, Georges, Dr., born 28 November 1859 at Chesley (Aube), he was a member of l'Ecole francaise d'Athenes, and a sometime professeur at the Lycee d'Alger before he became a professor of ancient history at the Faculte des lettres de Bordeaux. His writings include La Lydie et Ie monde grec (1893). He died 9 July 1941. Qui etes-vous, 1924; Revue archeologique, 19, (1942/43), pp. 37-40, 34 (1949), pp. 66-7 Radhu, Ghulam Mohammed, born first half of the 20th cent. In the early 1970s he was a research economist in the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics. His writings include the booklet, The rate structure of indirect taxes in Pakistan (1964). LC Radimsky, Wladimir, born in the 19th cent., he was affiliated with the k.k. Osterreiches Handelsmuseum, Wien. His writings include Industrie- und Gewerbeverhaltnisse in Persien (Wien, 1909). GV Radiot, Paul, born in the 19th cent., he was a lawyer and resident in Paris. His writings include Tripoli d'occident et Tunis (1892), and Les vieux Arabes (1901). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Radlauer, Curt, born 10 October 1884 at Posen, Prussia, he studied at Berlin, MOnchen, and ZOrich where he gained a Dr.phil. with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur Anthropologie des Kreuzbeines. He was employed at museums in Berlin and Detmold before he entered the foreign service. He was a sometime editor of the periodical Nord und SOd. KUrschner, 1931, 1935; WhE&EA; Werist's, 1912-1935 Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (Bac1l1Jl1l1Li1 Bac1l1Jl1l1eS1I14 Paanoa) , born 5 January 1837 at Berlin, he studied Oriental languages at Halle and Berlin, went to St. Petersburg and subsequently became in 1859 a teacher at the mining school, Barnaul, Turkistan. In 1871 he became an inspector of the Muslim schools in the Kazan region where he also collected Turkish linguistic material. A member of the Imperial Academy of Science, St. Petersburg since 1885, he undertook a successful Orkhon expedition in 1891. His writings include Proben der Volksliteratur der tOrkischen Siemme (1866-1907), and Versuch eines vvotetbuchs der TOrk-Dialekte (1893-1911), and the translation, Sibirya'da (1954). He died in Petrograd on 12 May 1918, according to Albert von Le Coq, he starved to death. BiobibSOT, pp. 241-245; DtBE; Embacher; Studien 24 (1994), pp. 26-35

Index Islamicus (11); Miliband; Miliband"; Oriens, 8 (1955), pp. 51-93; Zentralasiatische

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Radmann, Wolf Dieter, born 5 February 1924 at Bergen auf Rugen, Germany, he served in the war, was wounded, and became a prisoner of war until 1946. He then studied law at the Freie Universltat Berlin and received a Dr.jur. in 1956 with a thesis entitled Probleme des amerikanischen Sachmangelrechts beim Kauf in rechtsvergleichender Sicht. During his study he spent two two-year spells studying and working at Houston, Texas, particularly with the firm Anderson, Clayton and Co. He later was a lawyer and professor of international law and politics at Texas Southern University, specializing in economic problems of Africa and Latin America. His writings include the booklet, Intergovernmental cooperation; the case of foreign investments in Zambia and Chile (New York, African Studies Association,1971). Master (1); Thesis Radojicic, f)orde Sp., born in 1905 at Beograd, he gained a doctorate in philosophy and became a professor at the Philosophical Faculty in the University of Novi Sad. His writings include nyKonucMa u iumeunene KblHaa (1952), and Cmapo cpncso necnuuimeo IX-XVIII aeKa (1966). Koje ko, 1957 Radojcic, Nikola, born 29 August 1882 at Kuzmin, Siavonia, he studied geography, history, classical philology, and Slavic languages at Graz, Agram (Zagreb), Wien, Jena, and Munchen, and received a doctorate in 1907 at Agram with a thesis on the last rulers of the Comnenian dynasty in Byzantium. He taught for more than ten years at a renown Austria-Hungarian gymnasium before he served as a professor of Serbian and Croatian history at the newly founded Ljubljana University from 1920 until 1941. He was subsequently affiliated with the Serbian Academy of Science. His writings include 0 HajmaMHujeM ooenKy 5apcKoa pooocnoee (1951), and Cpncku ucmopuuep Joeen Pajun (1952). He died in Beograd on 12 November 1964. Koje ko, 1957; Siidost-Forschungen 21 (1962), pp. 406-408, 23 (1964), pp. 333-334

Radovancvlc, Ljubomir V., born in 1894 at Nis, Serbia, he was a political scientist and a sometime president of the Yugoslav U.N. Society. From 1949 to 1953 he served as an ambassador to Turkey. His writings include 03 ynoeeno-cyocxoe nocmynse (1928), KP03 mMUHe noeoocsu (1961), Politika neangazovanih zemalja (1961), and its translation, Die Politik der nicht-verpflichtenden Lander (1964). JugoslSa, 1970; Ko je ko, 1957

Radovil'skii, Mikhail Efimovich, fl. 1971, his writings include Mbl eceopuu neocuocsu (1972), and he was joint author of tteocuoceo-ovccau: cnoeepe (1976), and Farhang-i Farsi bih Rusi (1985). LC Radstock, William Waldegrave, 1753-1825 see Waldegrave, William, Baron (Lord) Radstock Radtke, Bernd, born 20th cent., he was in 1993 a staff member of the Vakgroep oosterse talen en culturen in the Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht. His writings include AI-Hakim at- Tirmidi, ein is/amischer Theosoph (1980), a work which is based on his doctoral thesis submitted at Basel in 1974, and Weltgeschichte und Weltbeschreibung im mittelalterlichen Islam (1992). EURAMES,1993; LC Radulescu-Zoner,

~erban, fl. 1980, he was a Romanian historian whose writings include Romania §i Tripla Alianta la inceputul secolului al XX-lea, 1900-1914 (1977), and Duneree, Marea Neagra §i Puterile Centrale, 1878-1898 (1982). LC

Radushev, Evgenii Radoslvov, fl. 1980, he was a Bulgarian historian whose writings include Aepepnume uncmumyuuu a Ocuencxeme uuneou» npe« XVII-XVIII aeK (Sofia, 1995), and he was joint editor of OCMaHcKu useopu se uonsvuseuuonnume npou,ecu Ha 5anKaHume, XVI-XIX a. (Sofia. 1990). Radzhabov, Askarali, 1944- see Rajabov, Askarali Radzhabov, Musa Radzhabovich, born 20 March 1918 at Bukhara, he gained a doctorate in philosophy in 1971 and was appointed a professor in the following year. His writings include Muooeosspenue Y6aCioa 30KOHU (1958), A60ypaxMaH ,[f>KaMU u maO>KUKCKaR tpunocopu» xv eese (1968), (/)upooycu u coepenennocms (1976), and aiunocoaxxue u couuensno-smu-ecsue a3anRobl AMupa Xycpaaa Ilexneeu (1982). EST, vol. 6, cols. 701-702; LC Rae, William Fraser, born in 1835 at Edinburgh, he was an excellent German scholar and called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in 1861, but he soon decided to forgo a legal career for journalism. His writings include Westward by rail (1870), Austrian health resorts and the bitter waters of Hungary (1888), The business of travel (1891), and Egypt to-day (1892). He died in Bath in 1905. DNB; Who was who, 1 Raedts, Peter G. J. M., fl. 1977, he was a sometime lecturer at the Catholic Theology Institute in the Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht. His writings include Richard Rufus of Cornwall and the tradition of Oxford theology (1987). LC Raeymaeker, Louis de, born in 1895, he was a sometime staff member of the Institut superieur de philosophie in the Universite catholique de Louvain. His writings include Metaphysica generalis (1935), Introduction a la philosophie (1938), its translations, Inleiding tot de wijsbegeerte (1946), Introduction to Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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philosophy (1948), and EinfOhrung in die Philosophie (1949), Philosophie de t'etre (1946), and its translation, The philosophy of being (1954). LC

Rafael, Gideon, born 5 March 1913 at Berlin where he studied from 1931 to 1933 when he settled in Palestine. He was in charge of preparations for the Jewish case at the NOrnberg War Crimes Trial, and was a sometime director-general of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Israel's permanent representative at the U.N. His writings include Destination peace; three decades of Israeli foreign policy, a personal memoir (1981). He died 10 February 1999. ConAu, 106, 129; IntAu&W, 1986, 1989; IntWW, 1974-1999; MideE, 1982/83; Who, 1978-1999; Wholsrael,1958-1999; Master (3); WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Rafalovich, Arthur Germanovich, 1853-1921 see Raffalovich, Arthur Germanovich Ra'fat, Wahid Fikri, 1905 or 6- 1987 see Raafat, Waheed Fikri Rafeq, Abdul-Karim, fl. 1975, he received a Ph.D. in 1963 from SOAS with a thesis entitled The province of Damascus from 1723 to 1783, with special reference to the 'Azm Pashas. A trade edition was published in Beirut in 1966. He was affiliated with Damascus University from 1975 to 1989; in 1995 he was a staff member of the Department of History, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va., a post which he still held in 2000. MESA roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr,1995-2000; Sluglett Raffalovich (Rafalovich), Arthur Germanovich, born 23 June 1853 at Odessa, he studied economics and diplomatic history at Bonn and Paris. From 1876 to 1879 he was a private secretary to Count Shuvalov in London. He held decided opinions on the relation of government action to the labour market. Laissez faire and sound currency were powerfully advocated by him in numerous publications. The most complete expression of his financial views is to be found in the Marche financier initiated by himself in 1888. He was a frequent contributor to the Journal des econcmistes, and also wrote often in I'Economiste frangais. With merciless logic he exposed the economic follies of the Bolsheviks. He may have been qualified by birth to speak of Russia as well as of finance for he was the son of a great banker. His contributions to periodical literature were more important than his books, which include La commerce entre la France et la Russie, 1887-1903 (1904), Les finances de la Russie depuis la aemiete guerre d'Orient, 1876-1883 (1883), its translation, Die russischen Finanzen seit dem letzten orientalischen Kriege 1876-1883 (1884), and Russia; its trade and commerce (1918). He died in Paris on 23 December 1921. EncJud: JewEnc; Wininger Raffalovich, George, born in 1880, his writings, partly under the pseudonym Bedwin Sands, include The history of a soul (1910), and The Russians in Galicia (1916). Master (2) Raffenel, Anne Jean Baptiste, born 26 April 1809 at Versailles, he was in 1825 a clerk of the navy at the port of Lorient. On 13 July 1827 he took the sea on board the brig I'Alerte and remained there until 5 October 1829. From 1830 to 1832 he was on board I'Orythee and participated in the campaigns against Alger and Brazil. He was invalided home in 1833. On 11 November 1842 he was posted to Senegal, and it was there that he accomplished an extra-ordinary exploration under the command of Paul Joseph Huard-Bessieres. After a stopover at the port of Bakel, he continued up the Bondou River, and reconnoitred the Falerne River, the gold mines of Bambouk. He described the Muslim populations (Moors, Peuls, Sarakoles), those who he called in-differentes (Mandingues, Khassonkes), and the infidels (Bambara de Kaarta). He returned by way of Gambia. While on convalescence furlough in Paris in 1844, he was awarded chevalier de la Legion d'honneur. The Ministre de la Marine procured for him a 24,000 francs grant and a commission for an important mission across Senegal and the French Sudan, also authorizing the return trip by way of Egypt after the discovery of the sources of the Nile. The Acadernle des sciences recommended research with special reference to historical traditions, institutions, races, descriptions of country and plants as well as astronomical and meteorological observations. He crossed Ie Galam, Ie Khasso and passed beyond Kaarta as far as four stages from Segou. There he had to beat a retreat and pass long months at Kaqhe, a Bambara village near the capital of Kaarta. He described his four years' exploration in Le Nouveau voyage dans Ie pays des neqres (1856). In 1855 he was appointed a commandant particulier on the TIe Sainte-Marie. After a cyclone, he was evacuated gravely ill to Saint-Denis de la Reunion where he died on 13 May 1858. Dantes 1; Dezobry; Hoefer; Hommes et destins, vol. 1, p. 502; Vapereau

Raffi, Aram, born 15 August 1875 or 1876 at Tabriz, he came to Tiflis with his family when he was still an infant. He was educated at the Armenian College, Tiflis, and since 1895 at University College, London. In 1898 he established the Armenian Society, and became the first editor of Ararat, published in London since 1913. In the same year he made his first visit to Armenia. He published his early articles on Armenian literature under the pseudonym Zareh Titanian. At the time of his death on 12 November 1919, he was secretary of the Armenian Bureau in London.

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Ragette, Friedrich R., born 20th cent., he studied architecture at the Technische Hochschule, Wien, and the Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. He successively practised architecture in Switzerland and the U.S.A. Since 1962 he was resident in Lebanon where he was a sometime professor at AUB. He received a doctorate in 1971 at Wien with a thesis entitled Das Iibanesische Wohnhaus des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts. His writings include Architecture in Lebanon (1974), and Baalbek (1980). Ragg, Lonsdale, born in 1866 at Wellington, Shropshire, he was educated at Christ Church College, Oxford. He held a variety of ecclesiastical and academic posts in England before he became archdeacon of Gibraltar in 1934, a post which he held until his death on 2 August 1945 in Bath. His writings include The Gospel of Barnabas (1907), The Book of books; a study of the Bible (1910), and Dante Alighieri, apostle of freedom (1921). Master (2); WhE&EA; Who was who, 4 Ragimov, Abul'faz Gashum-ogly, 1930- see Rahimov, Abulfaz Gashum ogly Ragimov, Mirza Shikhali ogly see Rahimov, Mirza Shikhali ogly Raglan, FitzRoy Richard Somerset, Lord, born 10 June 1885 at London, he was educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He served in Hong Kong, the Sudan, and Transjordan. He was an anthropologist whose writings are not only learned, but extraordinary Witty, and can be read for their intellectual entertainment value as well as for their contributions to folklore." He died 14 September 1964. Bioln, 4, 7 (5); ConAu, 5-8; TwCAu; WhE&EA, Who was who, 6 Il

Ragona, Antonino (Nino), fl. 1950. His writings include La ceramica siciliana dalle origini ai giorni nostri (Palermo, 1955), and La maiolica sicilian a dalle origini all'Ottocento (Palermo, 1975). LC Raguin, Yves Emile, born 9 November 1912 at Sainte-Catherine de Fierbois (Indre-et-Loire), he was educated at the Sorbonne, I'lnstitut catholique, and l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris, where he obtained a diploma in Chinese studies. He was ordained priest of the Compagnie de Jesus in 1942 and posted to the Far East. His writings include Theologie missionnaire de I'ancien Testament (1947), Chemins de la contemplation (1969), its translation, Paths to contemplation (1974), and L'Esprit sur Ie monde (1975). ConAu,81-84; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982, 1986 Rahbar, Muhammad Daud, born in 1927, he received a Ph.D. at Cambridge in 1952 with a thesis entitled Studies in the ethical doctrine of the Qur'an. He was affiliated with Ankara Oniversitesi and the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal, before he became a professor of Urdu and Pakistan studies at Hartford Seminary Foundation in 1961. His writings include The cup of Jamshid; a collection of original ghazal poetry translated from the Urdu (1974). LC; Sluglett Rahbek Pedersen, Brigitte, born in 1944, she obtained degrees in sociology and education, and was a sometime staff member of Danish radio stations. Her writings, mainly on foreigners in Denmark, include Arabiske kvinder (1977), Fremmed for hvem? (1980), Bern mellem to kulturer (1987), Henry Harald Hansen (1992), and she was joint author of God, bedre, dansk? (1983). LC Rahirnov (Ragimov), Abulfaz Gashum-ogly, born 11 February 1930 at Mardakiany, Azerbaijan, he graduated from Azerbaijan State University, Baku, in 1955, and received his first graduate degree in 1965 at Baku with a thesis entitled >KU3Hb u meopveomeo A6ou6eKa tuuoesu. His writings include .Abdi bai Shirazi (Baku, 1970). LC; Miliband; Miliband2 Riihimov (Ragimov), Mirza Shikhali ogly, fl. 1960, his writings include Azarbaijan dilinda fe'l shakillarinin formalashmasy tarikhi ncmooun C/JopMupoeaHuR nexnouenui: eneeone a3ep6a{Jo)f(aHCKOM R3blKa (Baku, 1965), and the translation, Oghuznama (Baku, 1987). LC

=

Rahman, Abdur, Dr., born in 1934, he was in 1978 a professor in the Department of Architecture, University of Peshawar. His writings include The last two dynasties of the Sahis (1979), and Islamic architecture of Pakistan (1981). LC; Note Rahman, Fazlur, born in 1905 at Shanpukur in the district of Dacca, he was elected a member of the Bengal Legislative Council in 1939 and was one of the leaders of the Pakistan movement in Bengal. He was revenue minister, 1946-47, central minister, 1947-53 and thereafter held different portfolios, including education, information and commerce. He was also associated for a long time with Dacca University and was instrumental in the establishment of Karachi University in 1952. He was a president of the Pakistan Historical Society since its inception. His writings include New education in the making in Pakistan (1953), Philosophy, science and other essays (1961), and Islamic methodology in history (1965). He died in Dacca Medical College Hospital on 18 December 1866 from injuries in a traffic accident. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 15 (1967), pp. i-iv

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Rahman, Fazlur, born 21 September 1919 at Seraisaleh, India. He was a graduate of the University of the Punjab and received his Ph.D. in 1949 at Oxford with a thesis entitled Avicenna's psychology; a critical edition, English translation and commentary of Kitab al-Najat. His career included apointments at the University of Durham, the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal, and the Islamic Research Institute in Islamabad. In 1969 he went to the U.S.A. where he soon found his place at the University of Chicago. On his retirement in 1986 he was honoured by the appointment as the Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor. He died of complications related to heart surgery in Chicago on 26 July 1988. ConAu, 126; MW 79 (1989), pp. 80-81; Sluglett; WhAm, 10; WhoAm, 1988/89 Rahman, Mujibur, Sheikh, 1920-1975 see Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Rahmani, Abulhasan Ali oghlu see Rakhmani, Abulgasan Rahmani, Mohammad, born 29 November 1937 at Arak, Iran, he was educated at Qum, Arak and Burujird. He then studied aqriculture at Ahwaz and graduated in 1958. From 1959 to 1962 he studied at the Unlversitat Bonn where he received a doctorate in 1962 with a thesis entitled Zuckerwirtschaft und Zuckerpolitik im Iran. Schwarz; Thesis

Rahmati, Gabdul Raschid, 1900-1964 see Arat, Resit Rahmeti Rahmati Arat, Resit, 1900-1964 see Arat, Resit Rahmeti Rahmatullah Khan, born in 1934, he gained a master's degree in law and a doctorate and was in 1969 an associate research professor at the Indian Law Institute, New Delhi. His writings include Kashmir and the United Nations (1969), and he edited Law of international trade relations (1973). Note Rahmatullin, Gabdul Raschid, 1900-1964 see Arat, Resit Rahmeti Rahmonov, Mamadzhon Rakhmanovich, 1914- see Rakhmanov, Mamadzhan Rakhmanovich Raidl, Ernest, he was a Lazarist Provincial of the Austrian Priests of the Mission and provincial director of the Barmherzige Schwestern des St. Vincent de Paul. He had studied theology at Graz and Wien and served at the Austrian St.-Georgs-Kolleg in Istanbul as a superior and concurrently as director of its Realgymnasium from 1951 to 1962 when he was recalled. Note Raikes, Robert Lawrence, fl. 1977, his writings include Water, weather, and prehistory (1967). LC Raikova, lIariia Alekseevna, born 17 September 1896 at Samarkand, she was a botanist and since 1945 a professor. She died in 1981. LC; UzbekSE Raimov, R. M. His writings include 06pa30aaHue 5awKupcKOU Aemonounot: Coeemcxoti Cou,uanucmUlfecKou Pecnytinuku (Moscow, 1952), and the booklet, 5awKupcKUU napoo a omeuecmeennoc eoiine 1812 800a (Uta, 1943). NUC, pre-1956 Raineri Biscia, Antonio, born 20 January 1780 at Saito, Italy, he studied numismatics, epigraphy and Roman history at Ravenna. He travelled for ten years, during which time he visited Greece, Turkey, Persia, and Arabia, with excursions to the valley of the Nile and Abyssinia. He was later appointed a professor of Oriental languages at the Universita di Pisa. His writings include the translation from the Arabic of al-Tifashi entitled Fior di pensieri suI/a pietre preziose di Ahmed Teifascite (1818). He died on 8 June 1839. A Francesco Gabrieli (1964), pp. 175-188 Rainero, Romain H., born 27 June 1929 at Cannes, he was successively a professor of modern history, with special reference to Afro-Asian institutions, at the universities of Genova and Milano. His writings include Storia del/Algeria (1959), Storia del/a Turchia (1972), La rivendicazione fascista suI/a Tunisia (1978), I prigionieri militari durante la seconda guerra mondiale (1985); he edited Italia e Algeria; and he was joint editor of L'ltalia e I'Egitto dal/a rivolta di Arabi pascia all'avvento del fascismo (1991). Chi scrive; Who Italy, 1980 Rainov, Timofei Ivanovich, born in 1888, he was a Russian Arabist and an expert in Arabic studies in Russia. His writings include ,[JyxoaHblu nym» Ttomuees (Petrograd, 1923), HayKa a Poccuu XI-XVII eekoe (Leningrad, 1940), and Benuku« YlfeHble Y36eKucmaH IX-XI es, (Tashkent, 1943). Krachkovskii Raisanen, Heikki Martti, born 10 December 1941 at Helsinki, he studied at Harvard, Cambridge and TObingen and became a professor at the Department of Theology in the University of Helsinki. He was also affiliated with the Finnish Exegetical Society. His writings include Die Mutter Jesu im Neuen Testament (1969), Das koranische Jesusbild (1971), The idea of divine hardening (1972), Paul and the law (1983), Reemettunekemysie etsimesse (1984), Beyond the New Testament (1990), and The "messianic message" in Mark (1990). EURAMES,1993; Vern och vad, 1992, 1996

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Rajabov (Radzhabov), Askarali, born 16 June 1944, he gained a diploma in musicology and was later affiliated with the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography in the Tajik Academy of Science. His writings include Az ta'rikhi ofkori musiqi tojik (Dushanbe, 1989), Sarnavishti knun'eqer (Dushanbe, 1990), and he edited Qonuni i1mi va amalii musiqi, by Zayn al-'Abidin Mahmud Husayni (Dushanbe, 1987). LC; Schoeberlein Rajewsky, Christiane, born in 1934, she studied social subjects, including Islamics. She was a political activist in the anti-fascist movement, and in 1968 a founding member of a research unit on peace and conflict. From 1974 to her death on 21 May 1993, she taught political science at the postsecondary Fachhochschule in Dusseldorf, where in her last years she headed the bureau against neonazism. She edited Rustunq und Krieg (1983). A commemorative volume, consisting of obituaries, entitled Forschen aber Frieden und Rechtsextremismus zum Gedenken an Christiane Rajewsky was published in 1993. Rajkovic, Ljubinka, born 8 September 1925 at Selevac, Serbia, she gained a doctorate in 1965 at Beograd with a thesis entitled Turski pesnici i ptipovedeci kod Srba odbranila. She was joint translator of Tyocre seeonemse = Turk bilmeceleri (1980). JugoslSa, 1970; LC Rajkowski, Witold Wladyslaw, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1954 at SOAS with a thesis entitled Early Shi'ism in Iraq. NUC, pre-1956; Sluglett Rajna, Pio, born 8 July 1847 at Sondrio, Italy, he was educated at Pisa and taught Romance literature successively at the universities of Modena, Milano, and Firenze. His writings include Le origini dell'epopea francese (1884), and Le corti d'amore (1890). In 1911 he was honoured by the jubilee volume entitled Studi letterari e linguistici, dedicati a Pio Rajna nel quarantesimo anna del suo insegnamento. A colloquium entitled Pio Rajna e Ie letterature neolatine was held in 1983 and its papers were published under the same title in 1993. He died in Firenze, 25 November 1930. Encltaliana Rajput, A. B., born early 20th cent., he was a sometime press and cultural attache in Tehran, and in 1974 a journalist in Karachi. His writings include Iran to-day (1945), The Cabinet mission (1946), The Constituent As-sembly (1946), India's struggle (1946), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1946), Muslim League, yesterday & today (1948), Social customs and practices in Pakistan (1977), and the booklet, Architecture in Pakistan (1966). IntAu&W, 1982, 1986 Rake, Alan, born in 1933 at Wadhurst, Sussex, he graduated at Oxford and became a journalist, specializing in Africa. For over thirty years he was resident in Africa. His writings include Tom Mboya (1962), Who's who in Africa; leaders for the 1990s (1992), and he was joint author of Who's who in Africa (1973). In 1978 he became the founding editor of the New African yearbook. AfrBiolnd Rakhimkulov, Murat G., born 20th cent., his writings include Beiusupu» a pyCCKOO numepamype (Ufa, 1961). Ilumepemyonoe KpaeaeaeHue Beiuxuouu (Ufa, 1985), oeoee u Beiueuou»; cmemsu u eocnoMUHaHUfi (1982), and flJ060ab MOfl- 5awKupufi (Ufa, 1985). LC Rakhimov, Makhmadnaim Rakhimovich, fl. 1955, his writings include 3eMneaenue menieusoe 6accyiin« p. xuneoy a oopeeomouuonuu nepuca (Stalinabad, 1957), and Bonpocu ney-moeo emeusue (Dushanbe, 1966). LC Rakhmani, Abulgasan (Abulhasan Ali oghlu Rahmani), his writings include "Tepux-u anaM apaO-u A66acu" KaK ucmo-mu« no ucmopuu A3ep6aOa>KaHa (1960), and A3ep6aOa>KaH a KOHu,e XVI u XVII eese, 1590-1700 eoou (1981). LC Rakhmankulov (Rakhmankolyi), Sultan, born in 1888, he was a Tatar from around Kazan and joint author of ttonnut: pvcceo-memeocnn cnoeeps (Kazan, n.d.) He died 8 April 1916. BiobibSOT, pp. 245-46 Rakhmanov, Mamadzhan Rakhmanovich (Mamadzhon Rakhmanovich Rahmonov), born 21 December 1914, he was a scholar of Uzbek dramatic arts. His writings include XaMca u y36eKcKuO meamp (1960), Y36eKcKuO meamp c opeenetuuux eoeue» ao 1917 eoda (1981), and he edited MY3blKanbHoe, meempentsnoe uckyccmeo U cjJonbKnop (1992). UzbekSE, vol. 9, p. 212 Rakovskii, Nikolai Sergeevich, born 8 January 1951 at Moscow, he studied economics, with special reference to the Arab world. His writings include t1HocmpaHHblO «ettumen a 3KOHOMUKe Eeunme (1983). Miliband 2 Ralfs, Christian Andreas, born 30 January 1832 at Heidberge bei Nortorf, Germany, he was educated at Altona, and studied classical and oriental philology at Kiel, LeipZig, and again Kiel. He died from laryngitis on 6 January 1859 before he had completed his final examinations. His writings include Die

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Burda, Lobgedicht auf Mohammed, neu herausgegeben im arabischen Text mit metrischer persischer und turkischer Obersetzung, ins Deutsche Obertragen (Wien, 1860). OtBilnd (1)

Ralston, William Ralston Shedden, born in 1828 at London, he was privately educated before he studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1850. In 1853 he entered the Department of Printed Books in the British Museum, London, and became a Russian subject specialist. His weak constitution compelled him to resign in 1875. He subsequently pursued an interest in literature. He died in London in 1889. Britlnd (2); ONB Rama Rao, R., born in 1913, he was a colonel and pursued a career at the Defence Research and Development Organisation. His writings include Environment (1976), Impact of science and technology (1976), Population explosion (1976), India and the atom (1982), Self-reliance and security; role of defence production (1984), and India's energy scene (1988). LC Ramady, M. A., he received an M.Phil. in 1978 at Leicester with a thesis entitled Greek and Turkish Cypriot agricultural performances, 1868-73. Sluglett Ramamohan Rao, T. V. S., fl. 1971, he gained a doctorate and became a professor of economics at the Indian Institute of Technolgy, Kanpur. His writings include Economic efficiency of the organizational decisions of the firm (1989), and he was joint author of Disequilirium in rail freight services (1985). LC Ramazani, Nesta nee Shahrokh, born in 1932, she was married to Rouhollah K. Ramazani in 1952. Her writings include Persian cooking; a table of exotic delights (1997). LC Ramazani, Rouhollah Karegar, born in 1928 at Tehran, he was affiliated with the University of Virginia as a professor of government and foreign affairs from 1954 until his retirement. He held a multitude of professional posts. His writings include The United States and Iran (1982), Revolutionary Iran (1986), he was joint author of The Gulf Cooperation Council; record and analysis (1988), and he edited Iran's revolution; the search for consensus (1990). ConAu, 13-16, new rev. 10,26; IntAu&W 1976; Reich; WhoAm, 1974-1988/89; WhoWor, 1980-1989/90

Rambaud, Alfred Nicolas, born 2 July 1842 at Besancon, he graduated from l'Ecole normale and was a sometime professor of history at Caen, Nancy, and Paris. From 1896 to 1898 he served as minister of public instruction. His writings include Histoire de la Russie depuis les origines iusqu'e l'ennee 1877 (1878), its translations, History of Russia (1879), and Geschichte Russlands (1886), France coloniale (1886), L'enseignement primaire chez les indigenes musulmans d'Algerie et notamment dans la Grande-Kabylie (1892), and Expansion of Russia; problems of the East and problems of the Far East (1900). He died in Paris in 1905. BbO; BiO&SO; Curinier, vol. 1, p. 161; EncAm; EncBrit; Encltaliana; EncicUni; GSE; IndexBFr 2 (7); Meyers; OxFr; Pallas; RNL

Ramirez de Arellano, Rafael, born in 1854 or 59, he was a historian, archaeologist, art critic, painter, and chronicler of the city of C6rdoba. His writings include Guia artistica de C6rdoba (1896), Estudio sobre la historia de la orfebrerfa toledana (1915), and Historia de C6rdoba desde su fundaci6n hasta la muerte de Isabella cat6lica (1915-19). He died in 1921 or 1922. IndiceE 3 Ramm, Agatha, born 5 September 1914, her writings include Germany, 1789-1919; a political history (1967), Sir Robert Morier, envoy and ambassador in the age of imperialism (1973), and she edited Grant and Temperley's Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (1984), as well as Beloved and darling child; last letters between Queen Victoria and her eldest daughter (1991). LC Ramm, Vladimir Ivanovich, born 4 April 1856 or 1865 at Grodno, Poland, he gained a medical doctorate in 1893 at Dorpat with a thesis entitled Bnunnue nesomooux flaoa Ha a036yauMocm M0380aOUK)K). His writings include ompseneni«. npu3HaKu omoeenenln, nesente omoeenenlti (St. Petersburg, 1899), and he was joint editor of Hecmonsnut: enuuknoneou lIecKiu cnoeep» (St. Petersburg, 1900). Baltisch

(1); LC

Ramon Guerro, Rafael, fl. 1974, he gained a doctorate in philosophy, specializing in medieval Arabic, Jewish and Christian philosophy. He became a professor at the Facultad de Filosotra y Letras in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, a post which he still held in 1993. Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; EURAMES, 1993

Ramon Melida, Jose, 1856-1933 see Melida y Alinari, Jose Ram6n Ramos Calvo, Ana Maria, fl. 1973, she gained a doctorate in Semitic linguistics, specializing in Arabic, and became a professor of Arabic and Islamic studies in the Universidad Aut6noma de Madrid, a post which she still held in 1993. Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; EURAMES, 1993

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Rampal, Auguste, fl. 1913, he received a doctorate in 1896 from the Faculte de droit d'Aix with a thesis entitled De la condition de I'enfant dans Ie droit public ancien et moderne. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Ramsaur, Ernest Edmondson, born 28 July 1915 at Venice, CaL, he was a graduate of the University of California at Berkeley where he also gained a Ph.D. in 1947 with a thesis entitled The Young Turks, prelude to the revolution of 1908. He was a tutor at Robert College, Istanbul, from 1938 to 1939. After the war he returned to the city to serve as a consular officer. He remained in government service until his retirement. His writings include the translation of the 1957 trade edition of his thesis, Jon Ttukler ve 1908 ihtilali (1972). ConAu,41-44; Master (3) Ramsay, Sir William Mitchell, born in 1851 at Glasgow, he was a student at Glasgow and Oxford, and intermittently studied Sanskrit at Gottingen. His lifework was exploration in Asia Minor for the study of its antiquities and history, 1880-1914. His writings include Historical geography of Asia Minor (1890), and Impressions of Turkey during twelve years' wanderings (1896). He died in Bornemouth in 1939. ONB; Master (3); Who was who, 3

Ramsbotham, Richard Bury, M.B.E., M.A., B.Litt., F.R.Hist.S., he was in 1925 a principal of Hooghly College, Bengal. His writings include Studies in the land revenue history of Bengal, 1769-1787 (1926). BLC; LC

Ramstedt, Gustaf John, born in 1873 at Tammisaari, Finland, he studied Finno-Ugrian languages at Helsinki University where he received a doctorate in 1902 with a thesis entitled Ober die Konjunktion des Khalkha-Mongolischen. Under the auspices of the Finno-Ugrian Society in Helsinki he participated in the exploration of Mongolia in 1898; he spent three years in Transbaikalia and Outer Mongolia. In 1903 he explored the language of the Moghols on the Russo-Afghan border. He was not only a brilliant Mongolist, but he also had an excellent knowledge of the Turkic languages. His writings include Kalmuckisches Worterbuch (1935), Seitseman retkea itaan, 1898-1912 (1944), Studies in Korean etymology (1949-53), and '-IyaawcKuu fl3blK u enmeucmuse (1995). He died 25 November 1950. Harvardjoumal of Asiatic studies, 14 (1951), pp. 315-322

Rancillac, Ph., fl. 1972. His writings include L'Eglise, manifestation de I'Esprit chez Saint Jean Chrysostone (Beyrouth, 1970). LC Randal, Jonathan C., born in 1933, he was in 1992 a senior foreign correspondent of the Washington Post and living in Paris. His writings include Going all the way; Christian warlords, Israeli adventurers, and the war in Lebanon (1983). LC Randall, John R., born in 1906, he was a sometime professor of geography at Ohio State University, an officer of the Office of Strategic Services, and he served in the Middle East. His writings include The Middle East (1968). LC Randall, Richard Harding, born 31 January 1926 at Baltimore, Md., he was a Princeton graduate who became a curator and museum administrator at a variety of museums and art galleries. His writings include Masterpieces of ivory from the Walters Art Gallery (1985). He died in Baltimore, Md. on 3 July 1997. ConAu, 148, 159; NYT, 7 July 1997, p. B-9, cols. 1-2; Who's who in America, 1982-1996; Who's who in American art, 1976-1997/981

Randall, William Madison, born 16 August 1899 at Belleville, Mich., he was a graduate of the University of Michigan and received a Ph.D. in 1929 at Hartford Theological Seminary. He was a professor of library science and modern languages as well as a dean and university president. He served with the War Department Intelligence in Egypt and Morocco. His writings include The College library (1932), and The Acquisition and cataloging of books (1940). BlueB, 1973/74, 1975,1976; OrAS, 1969, 1982 F; Master (2); WhoAm, 1980-1984/85

Randall-Mciver, David, born in 1873 at London. After Queen's College, Oxford, he was an archaeologist and anthropologist in Egypt, the Sudan, and Rhodesia until the first World War. Thereafter he pursued a second career in classical antiquities. He was joint author of Libyan notes (1901). He died in N.Y.C. on 30 April 1945. ONB; Revue archeologique 37 (1951), p. 206; Who was who, 4 Randau, Robert, pseud., 1873-1950 see Arnaud, Robert Randel, Don Michael, born in 1940 at Edinburg, Texas, he was a graduate of Princeton where he also received a Ph.D. in 1966 with a thesis entitled The Responsorial psalm tones for the Mozarabic office. He was a professor at Syracuse University before he became a professor of music, and successively chairman, dean, and provost at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., a post which he still held in 2004. His other writings include An index to the chant of the Mozarabic rite (1973), and he edited The new Harvard dictionary of music (1986). NatFacOr, 1995-2004; WhoAm, 1980-2003

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Randell, John Richard, born 21 May 1927 at Sydney, he was a graduate of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., and received an M.A. in 1955 at Birkbeck College, University of London, with a thesis entitled A study of Jewish agriculture in Israel. He was a sometime lecturer in geography at the University of Khartoum, and a joint author of Landliche Siedlungen im nordostlicnen Sudan (1971). LC; Sluglett; Unesco Randle, Herbert Niel, born in 1880. After Oxford he was successively employed in the Indian Educational Service, was a professor of philosophy in India, and a librarian at the India Office. He was a Sanskrit scholar whose writings include Fragments from Dinnaga (1926), and India logic in the early schools (1930). He died in 1978. Who was who, 7 Randolph, Richard Rannells, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1963 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled The social structure of the Qdiiraat Bedouin. He was a sometime professor at the Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, and a joint editor of Dialectics and gender; anthropological approachs (1988). LC; Selim Range, Paul Theodor, born in 1879, he studied natural sciences at WOrzburg and Leipzig where he received a doctorate in 1903 with a thesis entitled Das Diluvialgebiet von Lubeck. In the following year he was appointed a geologist at the Preul1ische Geologische Anstalt and since 1906 also responsible for German Southwest Africa. During the first World War he served in the Middle East. In 1922 he started a teaching career at Berlin. From 1932 to his retirement he was a professor of colonial geology at Berlin, and concurrently president of the Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft since 1936. His writings include Ergebnisse von Bohrungen in Deutsch-Sudwest-Africa (1915), 4 Jahre Kampf ums Heilige Land (1932), and Bergbau und Krieg (1941). He died in 1952. DtBE; Klirschner, 1926-1940/41; Wer ist's, 1928, 1935

Rank, Gustav, born 18 February 1902, his writings include Peipsi kalastusest (Tartu, 1934), Saaremaa taluehitised (Tartu, 1939), Die heilige Hinterecke im Hauskult der Volker Nordosteuropas und Nordasiens (1949), Vaan Eesti, rahvas ja kultuur (1949), its translation, Old Estonia, the people and culture (1971), and Vanha Viro, kansaja kulttuuri (Helsinki, 1955). Baltisch (3), NUC, pre-1956 von Ranke, Leopold, born in 1795 at Wiehe, Germany, he studied theology and philosophy at Leipzig. From 1825 to his retirement he was a professor of history at Berlin, where he died in 1886. CelCen; DtBE; DtBilnd (14); EncAm; EncBrit; EnccicUni; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; GER; GSE; Master (6); Meyers; Pallas; RNL

Ranking, George Speirs Alexander, lieutenant-colonel, born in 1852 at Hastings, he studied natural sciences and medicine at Cambridge where he gained a doctorate in 1879. Since 1875 he was in the Indian Medical Service and also served as a professor of Persian and Arabic in India for twenty-five years. His writings include The elements of Arabic and Persian prosody (1885), Teltm-l-zeben-i-Urdu, a guide to Hindustani (1892), Annotated glossary to the Bagh-o-bahar (1902), and An EnglishHindustani dictionary (1905). He died in 1934. Who was who, 3 Ransome, Arthur Michell, born in 1884 at Leeds, he was a writer and a critic who was employed as a war correspondent in Russia for English newspapers from 1914 to the Russian revolution. His writings include Six weeks in Russia (1919), The crisis in Russia (1921), and The Chinese puzzle (1927). He died in 1967. ChambrBrBi; ConAu, 73-76; DNB; Master (9); ObitT, 1961, p. 657; Who was who, 6 Rao, Pagdi Setu Madhava, 1910- see Pagdi, Setumadhava Rao Rao, R. Rama, 1913- see Rama Rao, R. Raoulx, Jean Joseph, born in 1826, he was a director of l'I~cole superieure de Marseille, an honorary instituteur, officer of I'lnstruction publique, a sometime municipal counsellor, a president of the Societe des Instituteurs et Institutrices, administrator of the Caisse d'epargne, and a delegate to the Ateliers d'aveugles and Mont-de-Plete, His writings include Rapport sur I'exposition universelle de 1878 (1880). He died a devoted philanthropist in Marseille on 7 December 1908 at the age of 82. BN;

Bulletin de la Societe de geographie de Marseille 33 (1908), p. 389.

Raphael, Arnold, fl. 1975. In 1984 he was a London correspondent of the East African Standard. He was joint author of The new position of East Africa's Asians (1984). LC Raphael, Oscar C., fl. 1924, he was joint editor of The Chinese Exhibition; a commemorative catalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinses Art, Royal Academy of Arts (1936). BLC; NUC, pre-1956 Raphael du Mans, originally Jacques Dutertre, born in 1612, he was a Capuchin missionary who in 1644 travelled from Baghdad to Isfahan in company with Jean-Baptiste Tavernier. Being a mathematician, Pere Raphael was warmly welcome at the Persian court. He made a study of the Persian language, and also spent much time and effort gathering together information respecting the country Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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and its people. He compiled his Estat de la Perse en 1666 for the guidance of Colbert when that able minister was collecting data on Persia prior to the founding of the Compagnie francaise des Indes orientales in 1664. The work was published with notes and an appendix by Charles Schefer in 1890. He spent the rest of his life in Persia, where he died in 1696 at the age of ninety-three. Cambridge history of Iran, vol. 6, pp. 397-400; LC

Raphaeli, Nimrod, born 14 October 1932 at Basrah, he was a graduate of Tel-Aviv University and gained a Ph.D. in 1965 at the University of Michigan with a thesis entitled Development planning in Iraq, Israel, Lebanon and the U.A.R. He was affiliated with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and was a sometime lecturer in political science at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include Readings in co-operative pUblic administration (1967), and Public sector management in Botswana (1984). Selim; WhoUN, 1975 Rapp, Eugen Ludwig, born 8 May 1904 at Pirmasens, Germany, he studied history, with special reference to Church history, at Marburg, Heidelberg, and Utrecht from 1923 to 1927 and received a Dr.phil. in 1931 at Gier1en with a thesis entitled Mo'ed qatan. He was a vicar and auxiliary pastor at several Palatine congregations, 1927-1930, a student under the Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft in Basel, 1931-1932, and a missionary and professor of theology in Africa, 1932-1938. After the war he was a professor of philosophy (1946) and Lutheran theology (1949) at the Unlversitat Mainz. His writings include An introduction to Twi (1936), Die jOdisch-persisch-hebraischen Inschriften aus Afghanistan (1965), and Die Gurenne-Sprache in Nordghana (1966). On his 70th birthday he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Worl und Wirklichkeit; Studien zur Afrikanistik und Orientalistik (1976). He died in 1977. DtBilnd (3); Hommes et destins, vol. 9, pp. 396-97; Unesco Rapp, William Jourdan, born in 1895 at N.Y.C. After graduating in natural sciences at Cornell University, he studied at Paris. He was for five years a health consultant in Europe and the Near East and subsequently became a writer for press and radio as well as a lecturer. His writings include When I was a boy in Turkey (1924), and Osman Pasha (1925). He died in Lake Mohonk, N.Y. in 1942. Master (2); WhAm, 2

Rappard, William Emmanuel, born in 1883 at N.Y.C., he studied at Geneve, Berlin, MOnchen, Wien and Paris, and received a doctorate in 1908 at the Faculte de droit de Geneve with a thesis entitled Les corporations d'affaires au Massachusetts. He pursued a career at the International Labour Office, at universities, and in the diplomatic service. His writings include The quest for peace since the world war (1940). In 1944 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Melanges o'etuaes economiques et sociales offerls William E. Rappard. He died in 1958. WhAm, 3

a

Rapson, Edward James, born in 1861, he was a graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge, and became a professor of Sanskrit successively at University College, London, and Cambridge University. His writings include The struggle between England and France for supremacy in India (1887), and Ancient India, from the earliest times to the first century A.D. (1914). He was also the author of several catalogues of coins in the British Museum. He died in 1937. DNB; Master (2); Riddick; Who was who, 3 Raquette, Gustaf Richard, born 7 February 1871, he served for twenty-six years under the Svenska Mlssionsforbundet as a missionary in Central Asia before he became a professor of Turkic languages at Lund Universitet. His writings include Eastern Turki grammar (1912-14), English-Turki dictionary (1927), and Taji biJa Zohra; eine osttOrkische Variante der Sage von Tahir und Zohra (1930). He died in 1945. Vem er det, 1925, 1941 Rasanen, Arvo Marlti Oktavianus, born 25 or 26 June 1893 at Simo, Finland, he studied Finno-Ugric and Altaic linguistics at Helsinki and Kazan, and received his doctorate in 1920 with a thesis on Chuvash loan words in Cheremis. His main works in the Turkic field are his studies of Anatolian dialects, based on field work from 1931 to 1932. His writings include Die tschuwassischen Lehnworler im Tscheremissischen (1920), Die tatarischen Lehnworter im Tscheremissischen (1923), Eine Sammlung von Mani-Liedern aus Anatolien (1926), Gebrauche und Volksdichtungen der Tschuwassen (1949), Materialien zur Lautgeschichte der tOrkischen Sprachen (1949), Materialien zur Morphologie der tOrkischen Sprachen (1957), Versuch eines etymologischen vvonetbucns der Torksprachen (19691971). He died 7 September 1976. Central Asiaticjoumal21 (1977),52-54; GSE Raschdau, Ludwig, born 29 September 1849 at Radoschau, Prussia, he studied law and Oriental languages at Breslau, Heidelberg and Paris. He served as a German consular officer from 1870 to 1872 and spent the following four years with the judiciary and administration in Colmar. Thereafter he entered the foreign service and was successively posted to Constantinople, Smyrna, Alexandria, N.Y., and Havanna. In the late 1880s he became private secretary to Otto von Bismarck. His writings include Ein sinkendes Reich; Erlebnisse eines deutschen Diplomaten im Orient, 1877-1879 (1934),

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Rasenti, Andrea, fl. 1977, her writings include II kibbutz e if moshav, forme di vita collectiva (Milano, 1971). LC Rashid Husayn Mahmud, born 28 December 1936 at Musmus, Palestine. After studies in his village school and in Nazareth, he became an elementary school teacher near his home town. He wrote poetry and, under the name of Abu Iyas, articles for the communist a/-Ittihad; he was a contributor to the literary section of a/-Mirsad, the Arabic weekly of the Israeli Mapam Party. In 1957 he published his first collection of poetry, Ma'a a/-fajr. From 1958 to 1961 he headed the editorial board of a/-Fajr. He translated Bialik into Arabic, and his native folktales into Hebrew, and was an advocate of Arab-Israeli understanding. In 1962 he met Ann Lavee, the wife of an Israeli army officer in Tel-Aviv. They were married in Columbus, Ohio, in 1967, but separated in New Jersey in 1972. Socially he never became established in the United States, and his drinking was little conducive to his journalism. From the end of 1974 until his death, he held his only U.S. employment at the N.V.C. Office of Wafa, the Palestine News Agency, Beirut. He suffocated from smoke inhalation caused by a fire in his N.V.C. apartment, on 1 February 1977. A commemorative volume entitled The world of Rashid Hussein, edited by Kamal Boullata, was published in 1979. Raskol'nikov, Fedor Federovich, born in 1892, his father was a churchman and a widower of modest substance. The son attended the Prince Oldenburg boarding school for deprived children, and thereafter entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute in 1909 to study economics. In 1910 he joined the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democrats and participated in the revolution. In 1921, he abandoned his military career to become the first Soviet minister to Afghanistan, a mission that was quite successful in building up a Soviet foothold in the Middle East. He returned to Russia to be an editor of several journals. He died under mysterious circumstances in 1939, was rehabilitated and repurged in the 1960s. His writings include PaCCKa3bl MUlfMaH UflbuHa (1934), its translation, Tales of sub-lieutenant IIyin (1982), (/)eaop PacKoflbHUKOS; 0 speMeHu u 0 ce6e (1989), and Kaonuuneom u numep S 1917 aoay (1990). BlkwERR; Russian review 32 (1973), pp. 131-142 Rasmussen, Jens Lasson, born 22 August 1785 at Vestenskov, Lolland, Denmark, he studied theology at Kebenhavns Universitet where he became a gold medallist for a prize essay on the history of Roma (1909). He continued with Oriental languages and gained a doctorate in 1811 with a thesis entitled De monte Caf commentatio. He then spent a year studying Arabic and Persian under Silvestre de Sacy at Paris. He returned to Kebenhavn in 1813 to become successively a lecturer and professor of Oriental languages. His writings include Historia preecipuorum Arabum regnorum rerumqve ab iis gestarum ante Islamismus (1817), Det under Kong Frederik den femte opreUede Danske afrikanske kompagnies historie (1818), De Orientis commercio cum Russia et Scandinavia medio aevo (1824), and Annales Islamismi (1825). He committed suicide in Kebenhavn on 30 March 1826. DanskBL; DabskBL2

Rasmussen, Stig T., born first half 20th cent., he was in 1991 an academic librarian at the Oriental Department, Royal Library, Kebenhavn, and affiliated with the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. His writings include Arabisk-Dansk ordbog over Cairo-dialekten (1984); he edited Den Arabisk rejse 17611767; en dansk ekspedition (1990); and he was joint author of Libraries and research institutions; restoration, conservation and training needs (1991), and Catalogue of Arabic manuscripts in Danish collections (1995). EURAMES,1993; NSMES Directoryofmem-bers, 1991 Rasonyi, Laszlo, born 22 January 1899 at Llptoszentmiklos. After he received a doctorate with a thesis on Cuman personal names in Hungarian documents, he became affiliated with the Hungarian Academy of Science until 1934 when he was appointed for seven years to the newly estblished chair of Hungarian studies at Ankara Oniversitesi. After his return home, he established the Turkological Institute at Kolozsvar (Cluj) and briefly taught Turkish linguistics and history. From 1949 to his retirement in 1962 he resumed his affiliation with the Hungarian Academy of Science. His former Ankara students then affected his invitation for another eight years. When he finally returned to Hungary, he received as a go-away present the publication of his Tarihte TOrklOk in 1971. His writings also include Torok nyelvtan (1960). He died in Budapest on 4 May 1984. MEL,1978-1991 Rasonyl Nagy, Laszlo, born in 1904. In 1927 he was a member of the Ungarisches Institut and the Collegium Hungaricum in Berlin. His writings include DOnya tarihinde tunao« (Ankara, 1942). NUC,

pre-1956

Raspopova, Valentina Ivanovna, born 8 June 1934 at Bolshevo Mytishchinsk, Russia, she graduated in history at Moscow State University in 1957 and became affiliated with the Institute for the History of

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Material Culture, Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include MemannuliecKHe usoenu» nennecpeoneeexoeoeo coeoe (1980), and >Kunu~a neHO>KUKeHma (1990). Miliband 2 ; Schoeberlein

Rassadin, Valentin Ivanovich, born 12 November 1939 at Pskov, Estonia, he graduated in 1962 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and received a doctorate in 1981 with a thesis entitled Tocpenepcxua R3blK U eeo mecmo 8 cucmeue mlOpKCKUX R3b1K08. His writings include oonemuxe U neKCUKa mocpenepcsoeo R3blKa (1971), MopcjJonoauR motpnneocroeo R3blKa 8 coeenumenuioe OC8e~eHUU (1978), MOHaono-6YPRmcKue 3aUMcm808aHUR 8 CU6UpCKUX rmoprcrux R3blKax (1980), and OllepK no ucmopuveceoii tponemuse 6ypflmcKoaoR3blKa (1982). Miliband 2 Rassam, Hormuzd, born in 1826 to Nestorian Christian parents in the Ottoman Empire. Between two three-year spells as assistant to the Assyriologist Sir Austen Layard in Mesopotamian excavations, he briefly attended Magdalen College, Oxford. From 1854 to 1861 he was employed in various capacities by the British Government at Aden. In 1861 the Bombay Government sent him to mediate between the Imam of Muscat and his brother, the Sayyid of Zanzibar. In 1864 he was despatched to the court of Abyssinia to demand the release of the British consul and other European captives, but he himself became a prisoner and chained in 1866 until freed by the relief expedition of Sir Robert Napier in 1868, an episode which is the subject of his Narrative of the British mission to Theodore, King of Abyssinia, with notices of the countries traversed (1869). As a strong evangelical, he was also employed by the British to inquired into the conditions of Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire in the 1870s. Since 1882 he was resident in Brighton. His writings include Asshur and the land of Nimrod (1897). He died in 1910. CelCen; DcBiPP; DNB; Embacher; Hill Rassem, Mohammed Hassan, born 27 April 1922 at MOnchen, he studied at MOnchen, Wien and Basel where he gained a Dr.phil. in 1950 with a thesis entitled Die Volkstumswissenschaft und der Etatismus. He was a professor of sociology successively at MOnchenand SaarbrOcken before he was appointed a professor at Salzburg. His writings include Gesellschaft und bildende Kunst (1960), and 1m Schatten der Apokalypse; zur deutschen Lage (1984). On his sixtieth birthday he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Aspekte der Kultursoziologie (1982). KOrschner, 1961-1996; WhoOster, 1984; WhoWor, 1980, 1991/92

Rassudova, Roza IAkovl'evna, born 21 August 1925, she was an ethnographer who graduated in ethnography in 1951 at Leningrad. She was a Tatar native-speaker and affiliated with the Museum of Anthropology and Ethography in the Russian Academy of Science. Schoeberlein Rast, Nikula A., fl. 1955, his writings include Paydayish-i zamayir-i Farsi; bar-rasi va tatbiq (Tihran, 1953). LC Rastiannikov, Viktor Georgievich, born 17 February 1928 at Moscow, he received a doctorate in 1971 with a thesis entitled np06neMbl eepepnot) 380nlOLJ,UU 8 MHoaoyKnaoHoiJ 3KOHOMUKe. Since 1984 he was a professor. His writings include Ileseueetoiuuec» cmoeuu; nooooeonscmeue U nonumuse (1968), its translation, Food for developing countries in Asia and North Africa (1976). He was joint author of np06neMbl 3KOHOMUKU ttesucmene (1958), and Kanumanu3M Ha Bocmoke 80 emopoii ttonoeune XX 8. (1995). Miliband; Miliband 2 Rastogi, Ram Sangar, fl. 1963, his writings include Indo-Afghan relations, 1880-1900 (Lucknow, 1965), and Russo-Afghan boundary disputes, 1870-1900 (Lucknow, 1976). LC Rastorgueva, Vera Sergeevna, born in 1912 at Storozhevsk, Russia, she received a doctorate in 1964 at Moscow with a thesis entitled ,[JoKnao no ony6nuK08aHHblM U 8blnonHeHHblM pa60maM noo 06~UM Ha38aHueM «rtccneooeenun no maO>KUKcKoiJ ouenekmonoeuu». Her writings include KpamKuiJ ouep« ibonemut«: maO>KUKCKOao R3blKa (1955), A short sketch of Tajik grammar (1963), Onum cpeenumenu-ceo usyuenu« maO>KUKCKUX a080p08 (1964), cucmeue maO>KUKCKOao eneeoip« (1964), CpeoHe-nepcuocKuiJ fl3blK (1966), and she edited runRHcKuiJ fi3blK (1971), and Ottum ucmopukomunonoeu-tecsoeo uccneooeenus upencux R3blK08 (1975). EST; Miliband; Miliband 2 Raswan, Carl Reinhard, born in 1893 in Germany, he was a specialist in Arabian horses and lover of all things Bedouin. Since 1913 he was a frequent visitor to Arabia. He claimed to have been a blood brother of the great Rualla tribe of northern Arabia and lived for some eight years in various Arab countries. He returned after the war and apparently took part in motorized raids. He later went to America where he lived at Maynesboro Farm in Berlin, N.H. His writings include Der Araber und sein Pferd (1930), its translation, The Arab and his horse (1955), 1mLande der schwarzen Zelte (1934), its translations, Black tents of Arabia (1935) and Au pays des tentes noires (1936), Drinkers of the wind (1938), Escape from Baghdad (1938), and The Arab and his horse (1955). He died in 1966. Amlndex (1); Bidwell, p. 156; Bioln, 7, 10

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Ratchnevsky, Paul, born 29 January 1899, he received doctorate in 1937 at Paris with a these complementeire entitled Essai sur la codification et la legislation a l'epoque des Yuan. He was successively a professor of Chinese studies at Leipzig and a professor of Mongol and Chinese studies at Berlin. His writings include Beitrage zum Problem des Worles im Chinesischen (1960), Cinggis-Khan, sein Leben und Wirken (1983), and its translation, Genghis Khan, his life and legacy (1991). Klirschner, 1954-19761; Weristwer, 1955, 19581

Rath, Gernot Paul Otto, born 2 December 1919 at Oldenburg, Germany, he studied medicine at Marburg, Hamburg, Berlin, and Bonn where he received a doctorate in 1948 with a thesis entitled Die Anatomie des Avicenna und die Nomina anatomica der CanonObersetzung des Gerhard von Cremona. He then studied history and ethnology and became a lecturer in history of medicine. His career included periods of service at Madison, Wise., Gottingen, and Munchen. He died from leukemia on 28 September 1967. Clio medica 3 (1968), pp. 181-182; Klirschner, 1961, 1966

Rathjens, Carl, born 10 March 1887 at Elmshorn, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1911 at Munchen with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur Landeskunde von Abessinien. He was a headstrong personality, particularly independent, critical, and unconventional. Unlike the typical German scholar, his career fluctuated between steady positions and free-lance work; and he was prepared to accept the financial consequences. As a student he went on his first adventurous trip to Abyssinia, and before he went on his South Arabia tour (1927-28) with H. von Wil1mann, they went on a trial run in a kayak to Lapland. On several occasions he later returned to the Yemen as a consultant to Imam Yahya. It was not until 1945 that he was appointed a professor of geography at the Universitat Hamburg. His writings include Die Juden in Abessinien (1921), Die Pilgerfahrl nach Mekka; von der Weihrauchstral3e zur Qlwirlschaft (1948), Jewish domestic architecture in San'a (1950), Sabaeica (1953-66); and he was joint author of Die Rathjens-von Wil3mannsche SOdarabienreise (1931-34). He died in Hamburg on 29 July 1966. DtBE; Islam 46 (1970), pp. 55-63; KOrschner, 1950-1966

Rathjens, Carl, son of the preceding, born in 1914 at Hamburg, he studied natural sciences at Berlin, Konigsberg and Munchen, where he received a Dr.phil.nat. in 1939 with a thesis entitled Geomorphologische Untersuchungen in der Reiteralm und im Lattengebirge im Berchtesgadener Land. He was successively a professor of geography at the Technische Hochschule Munchen and the Universitat des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken, until his retirement in 1979. He was joint author of Kulturgeographischer Wandel und Entwicklungsfragen zwischen Turan und dem Arabischen Meer (1966), Berge, Pferde und Bazare; Afghanistan, das Land am Hindukusch (1972), and Vergleichende Kulturgeographie der Hochgebirge des suaucnen Asien (1973). On his sixty-fifth birthday he was honoured by the jUbilee volume, Hohenqrenzen im Hochgebirge (1980). KOrschner, 1950-19921

Rathmann, Lothar, born 16 February 1927 at Werdan, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1961 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled Die Getreidezollpolitik der deutschen Grol3grundbesitzer in der zweiten Halfte der siebziger Jahre des 19. Jahrhunderls. After he gained a second doctorate in 1961 with a thesis on German economic policy concerning the Baghdad railway he joined the staff of the Universitat Leipzig where he later became chairman of its Orientalische Institut. His writings include Araber stehen auf,' abet den Befreiungskampf der arabischen Volker bis zum Ausbruch des 2. Weltkrieges (1960), Berlin-Bagdad; die imperialistische Nahostpolitik des kaiserlichen Deutschlands (1962), Sto/3richtung Nahost, 1914-1918; zur Expansionspolitik des deutschen Imperialismus im 1. Weltkrieg (1963), and he edited Geschichte der Araber von den Anfangen bis zur Gegenwarl (1971-1983). Asien, Afrika, Lateinamerika 15 (1987), pp. 192-194; Schwarz

Ratkos, Peter, a Czech historian, born early 20th cent., his writings include Prispevok k banskeho prava a banictva na Slovensku (1951), Slovensko v dobe vel'komoravskej (1988), and he edited Dejiny Ziaru nad Hronom (1978), Dejiny Ceskoslovenska (1982), and Vel'komoravske legendy a povesti (1990). LC Rattigan, Sir William Henry, born 4 September 1842, he studied law in India and England and was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in 1873. He practised law in Lahore and speedily rose to be head of his profession there. A linguist of unusual ability, he mastered several Indian vernaculars, including Persian. His writings include Digest of civil law for the Punjab (1880), The science of jurisprudence (1888), and Private international law (1895). He was killed in a motor-car accident on 4 July 1904. Buckland; DNB; Riddick; Who was who, 1

Rau, Heimo, born 30 December 1912 at Breslau, he received a Dr.phil in 1935 at Wien and became a professor of South and South East Asian history of art at Heidelberg, and a sometime director of the Goethe-Institut, Kathmandu. His writings include Die Kunst Indiens bis zum Islam (1958), Stilgeschichte der indischen Kunst (1986-87), and he edited Normannische Kunst in Sizilien (1956). KOrschner, 1976-1996

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von Rauch, Georg, born 13 August 1904 at Pleskau (nCKOS), Estonia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1941 from the Universitat Greifswald, and successively taught history at Dorpat, Posen, Marburg, and Kiel, where he died on 17 October 1991. His writings include Die Universitat Dorpat und das Eindringen der ttuhen Aufklarung in Livland (1943), Geschichte des bo/schewistischen Rul3land (1955), Baltic states, the years of independence, 1917-1940 (1974), and Geschichte der baltischen Staaten (1977). ConAu, 73-76, p. 623; DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Kurschner, 1950-1981

Raudot, Claude Marie Reglois, born 24 December 1801 at Saulieu (Cote-d'Or), he studied law at Paris and was a municipal and departmental politician before he was elected to the Assembles nationale in 1871. His writings include La France avant la revolution (1841), De la decadence de la France (1850), De la grandeur possible de la France (1851), its translation, Ober die mogliche Grol3e Frankreichs (1852), and L'Algerie (1852). He died in 1879. IndexBFr2 Rauf, Bulent, born in 1911 at Constantinople, the son of an Ottoman army officer and Princess Fatimah, sister of King Fu'ad of Egypt, he received a traditional Turkish education but also attended Robert College in Bebek, the University of Beirut, and studied English literature at Cornell University, and Hittite archaeology at Yale University. He lived in Cairo until the rise of Gamal Nasser, when he moved to Paris. After his divorce in 1966 he settled England. During his last years he was engaged in research and counselling at the Chrisholme Institute of Intensive Esoteric Education. He was a honorary life president of the Muhyiddin 'Arabi Society of Oxford. His writings include the Ismai/ Hakki Bursevi's translation of, and commentary on Fusus al-hikam by Muhyiddin ibn 'Arabi (1986). LC Raufova, Anzurat Ganievna, born 1 July 1935 at Dushanbe, she graduated from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and received her first graduate degree in 1969 with a thesis entitled Ksmeeopust HapelJu{J a coeoeuennoe apa6cKoM R3b1Ke. Miliband 2 Raulin, Henri, born 6 March 1918 at Nantes, he received a diploma in human geography and ethnology at the Universite de Paris as well as a doctorate in 1965 with a thesis entitled La dynamique des techniques agraires en Afrique tropicale du Nord. He later taught anthropology and carried on an ethnographical mission to the Cote d'ivoire and to Niger. His writings include Mission d'etuae des groupements immigres en Cote d'ivoire (1957), Techniques et bases socio-economiques des societes rurales nigeriennes (1963), Savoie (1977), Corse (1978), Dauphine (1978); and he was joint author of L'aide au sous-oevetoppement (1980). Unesco Raulin, Victor, born 8 August 1815 at Paris, he was since 1838 a preoereieur for the geology course at the Musee de Paris, and, since 1846, a professor of geology at the Faculte de Bordeaux. In 1848, he received a doctorate in natural sciences at Paris. He is best remembered for his scientific exploration of Crete in 1845, and his Description physique et naturelle de I'lle de Crete (1869-70). He died in Montfaucon (Meuse) on 10 February 1905. IndexBFr2(3) von Raumer, Rudolf Heinrich Georg, born 14 April 1815 at Breslau, Prussia, he studied classical and Oriental philology at Erlangen, Gottingen and MOnchen, and received a Dr.phil. in 1846 from the Universitat Erlangen with a thesis entitled De Servii Tullii censu. In 1846 he was appointed a professor of German language and literature at Erlangen. His writings include Geschichte der germanischen Phi/ologie vorzugsweise in Deutschland (1870), and a number of fanciful lucubrations on comparative grammar of the Semitic languages. He died in Erlangen, 30 August 1876. DtBE Raun, Alo, born 8 May 1905 at Tartu, Estonia, he studied at Tartu, Budapest and again Tartu where he gained a doctorate in 1942. From 1955 to 1975 he was a professor of linguistics and Uralic and Altaic languages at Indiana University, Bloomington. His writings include Spoken Uzbek (1952-53), The first Cheremis grammar (1956), and Basic course in Uzbek (1969). Gustav Bayerle published Alo Raun bibliography (1980). He died after 1988. Baltisch (3); DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 F Raunig, Walter, born 4 February 1936 at Innsbruck, he was successively a museum director at Basel, ZOrich, and MOnchen. His writings include Orienthandel im Alterlum; Fahrer durch das Museum Basel (1967), Bernstein, Weihrauch, Seide (1971), and he edited the Festschrift Alfred Steinmann (1972), and Schwarz-Afrikaner (1980). Wer ist wer, 1979-1999/2000; WhoWor, 1978/79 Raunkicer, Anders Christian Barclay, born 11 November 1888 at Kebenhavn where he also studied geography. He assisted his father, a distinguished botanist, on an expedition to Tunisia in 1909. At this time the Royal Geographical Society of Denmark was considering a preliminary reconnaissance of the east coast of Arabia with a view of mounting an expedition to central and southern Arabia. After permission was obtained from the Ottoman authorities, he was sent to Kuwait in 1911 and in February 1912 he set out with a caravan of fifty men and a hundred camels. This was an arduous task the more so as the tuberculosis which was to bring his untimely death just over two years later went undiagnosed. His writings include Gennem Wahhabiternes land paa kamelryg (1913), and its transWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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lation, Through Wahhabiland on camelback (1969). He died 13 July 1915.

Bidwell, pp. 156-158; DanskBL;

Danskfst,"; Facey Grant, pp. 50-51

Rauws, Johannes, born in 1874, his writings include Midden-Celebes (1916), Nieuw Guinea (1919), and The Nehterlands Indies (1935). NUC, pre-1956 Rava, Aldo, born 1 April 1879 at Venezia, he was a writer on Venecian seventeenth century history and literature. His writings include Pietro Longhi (1909), G. B. Piazzetta (1921), and he edited several works of Casanova de Seingalt. He died in Venezia on 13 January 1923. IndlB (1) Rava, Massimo, fl. 1930, his writings include L'Eritrea (1927), and Nel cuore dell'Arabia Felice; con Jacopo Gasparini nello Yemen (1927). NUC, pre-1956 Ravaisse, Paul, born in 1860, he was a sometime lecturer at l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris. His writings include Essai sur I'histoire et sur la topographie du Caire o'epree Makrizi (18871890), Une lampe sepatctete en verre emaille au nom d'Arghun En-Nasiri (1931), and he was the editor of a work by Khalil ibn Shahin al-Zahiri entitled Zoubdat kachf et-memslltc (1894). NUC, pre-1956 Ravaisson-Mollien, Jean Gaspard Felix Lacher-Ravaission-Mollien, born 23 October 1813 at Namur, he was a sometime professor of philosophy at the Faculte de Rennes. His writings include Essai sur la Metaphysique d'Aristote (1837-46), Rapports au ministre de /'Instruction publique sur les bibliotheques des tiepertements de I'Ouest (1841), La philosophie en France au XIXe siecte (1868), its translation, Die trenzosiscbe Philosophie im 19. Jahrhundert (1889), and Testament philosophique et fragments (1933). He died in 1900. Bioln, 1, 3; Bitard; Bitard2 ; Curinier, v. 1, pp. 144-145; Dantes 1; Glaeser; Hoefer; OxFr;

Vapereau

Ravan Farhadi, 'Abd al-Ghafur, born in 1929 at Kabul, he obtained a diploma in political science and a doctorate in Indo-Iranian linguistics from the Sorbonne, Paris. After a brief lectureship at the Faculty of Law, Kabul, he entered the Afghan foreign service and was affiliated with the U.N.O. He was resident in the United States since 1985. His writings include Le persan parle en Afghanistan (1955), and The spoken Dari of Afghanistan (1975). Adamec; LC Ravasani, Schapour, born 6 June 1931 in Rasht, Iran, he received a diploma in biology at Tehran University in 1952. Thereafter he taught for seven years at a high school in Abadan before starting to study political science at the Freie Universltat Berlin in 1961. In 1971 he received a doctorate at the Universitat Hannover with a thesis entitled Die sozialistische Bewegung in Iran seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. Until his retirement he was professor at the Universitat Oldenburg. His writings include Sowjetrepublik Iran (1973), Iran (1978), and Iran auf dem Weg zur Republik (1978). Thesis Ravdonikas, Tat'iana Dmitrievna, ethnographer, fl. 1972, her writings include 04epKu no ucmopuu Ceeepo-Seneouoeo KaBKa3a (1990). LC

OO>KObl necenenun

Raven, Wim, born in 1947, he was joint author of the eighth and final volume of the Concordance et indices de la tradition musulmane (Leiden,1988). Brinckman's Ravenal, Earl Cedric, born 29 March 1931 at N.Y.C., he graduated from Harvard with the class of 1952 and received a Ph.D. in 1975 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. He was employed by the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Policy Studies, Washington, D.C., before he successively taught at Johns Hopkins and Georgetown, D.C., a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Never again (1978), Defending defense (1984), Designing defense for a new world order (1991), and he edited Atlantis lost (1976). ConAu,33-36; WhoAm, 1984-2000 Raveneau, Louis, born in 1865 at Essonnes (Seine-et-Oise), he was a graduate of l'Ecole normale superieure. He was an editor of Annales de geographie, and Bibliographie geographique internationale. He died in 1937. NUC, pre-1956 Ravenet, E., fl. 1939. In 1930, he retired as director of the Travaux publics des Territoires du Sud. During the Algerian centennial celebrations he was attached to the Commissariat general du centenaire, in which capacity he was instrumental in the publication of the Livre d'or des officiers des Affaires indigenes (1930-1932). Peyronnet, p. 927 Ravensdale, Mary Irene Curzon, Baroness, born in 1896, she was one of the first women to sit in the House of Lords, and she was president of several social, religious, and learned societies. Her writings include In many rhythms; an autobiography (1953). She died on 9 February 1966. NYT, 10 February 1966, p. 37, cols. 1-2; Who was who, 6

Ravenstein, Ernst George, born 30 December 1834 at Frankfurt am Main where he also attended the Stadelsche Institut. He continued his geographic and cartographic education at London. From 1855 to 1872 he was employed at the War Office as a cartographer, and from 1884 to 1885 he was a profesWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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sor of geography at Bedford College, London. His writings include Martin Behaim, his life and his globe (1908). He died in HofheimlTaunus, Germany, on 13 March 1912. DtBE; Geographers 1 (1977), pp. 79-88 Ravereau, Andre, born in 1919, he was an architect whose writings include Le Mzab, une tecon d'architecture (1981), and Le Casbah d'Alger et Ie site cree la ville (1989). LC

Raverty, Henry George, born in 1825 at Falmouth, Cornwall, he served as a soldier in India from the early 1840s to 1863 when he retired with the rank of major. Returning to England, he pursued various Oriental studies which he had begun in India. His frankness cost him many friends and he received small recognition in his lifetime from his fellow-countrymen, but his immense labours gave him a high reputation among foreign Oriental scholars. His writings include A grammar of Pukhtu, Pushtu, or language of the Afghans (1852), A dictionary of the Pukhto, Pushto, or language of the Afghans (1860), and Selections from the poetry of the Afghans (1862), Notes on Afghanistan and part of Baluchistan (1880-1881), and he translated Tabakat-i Nasiri (1881). He died in Cornwall in 1906. Buckland; DNB; Riddick

Ravet, Alfred Emile, born 19 May 1855 at Rouen, he was a municipal councillor and an administrator of a variety of societies. He was awarded officer of Nicham Iftikar, and other decorations. His writings include La marine des Vikings ou pirates scandinaves (1886), and Par dela les irontieres; souvenirs a'etuaes a l'etranger(1914). BN; IndexBFr2 (1) Ravila, Paavo Ilmari, born 5 July 1902, he studied at the universities of Turku and Helsinki, and became successively a professor of liguistics at Turku and Helsinki. From 1963 to 1969 he was chancellor of Helsinki University. His writings include Das Quantitativsystem des seelappischen Dialektes von Maattivuono (1932), Reste lappischen Volksglaubens (1934), Johdatus kielihistoriaan (1946), Finlands sarstallning i Norden (1964). He died on 16 April 1974. Vern och vad, 1967, 1970 Ravry, Andre, born 1886, his writings include Les origines de la presse et l'imprimerie (1937), and Curiosltes du journalisme et de l'imprimerie (1938). NUC, pre-1956 Rawlings, Hoyt, born about 1905. After his graduation from Illinois College in 1928, he went as a teacher to Robert College, Istanbul. During his three years' stay, he made a number of trips to Bursa and, in the summer of 1930, he journeyed through the interior of Anatolia as far as Ankara. Asia, 1932 Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke, born in 1810 at Chadlington, England, he was an orientalist, diplomatist, and the pioneer of Assyriology, the decipherer of cuneiform script. His writings include England and Russia in the East (1875). He died in 1895. BiD&SB; Buckland; CelCen; DcBiPP; DNB; Embacher; EncAm; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; EvLB; GdeEnc; Meyers; NewC; Pallas; Riddick; RNL

Rawlinson, Hugh George, born in 1880 at Brighton, he was a graduate of Emmanel College, Cambridge, and employed in the Indian Educational Service from 1908 to 1933. He was awarded the Hare University Prize, Cambridge, in 1909. His writings include Bactria, the history of a forgotten empire (1912), Indian historical studies (1913), The British beginnings in western India, 1579-1657 (1920), and The British achievement in India (1948). He died in 1957. Riddick; WhE&EA; Who was who, 5 Rawshan'zamir, Mahdi see Roschanzamir, Mehdi Rawson, Sir Rawson William, born 8 September 1812 at London, he had begun to deal with official statistics so early as 1830, when he was private secretary to Poulett Thompson, president of the Board of Trade, and held the same relation to W. E. Gladstone in 1841 when the latter was vice-president of the Board of Trade. He afterwards had a long career of colonial service. His writings include British and foreign colonies (1884), and Analysis of the maritime trade of the United Kingdom, 1889-91 (1892). He died on 20 November 1899. Econornicjouma/9 (1899), pp. 665-666; Who was who, 1 Ray, Aswini K., born in 1938, he gained a Ph.D. and was a professor of political science, J. Nehru University, New Delhi, in 1980. His writings include Domestic compulsions and foreign policy; Pakistan in Indo-Soviet relations, 1947-1958 (Delhi, 1975), a work which was originally written as an unidentified doctoral thesis for the Universitat Heidelberg entitled Pakistan as a factor in Indo-Soviet relations, 1947-1958. LC Ray, Jayanta Kumar, born in 1934, he was in 1987 centenary professor of international relations at the Centre for South East Asian Studies, Calcutta University. His writings include Studies in political thought (1963), Security in the missile age (1967), Transfer of power in Indonesia, 1942-1949 (1967), and Foreign aid, domestic administration, and the rural poor; a study of Thailand (1984). LC Ray, Joanny, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1937 at the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Les Marocains en France. His writings include Phonophysiocratie d'hier, socialisme d'aujourd'hui (194-). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Ray, Sir Prafulla Chandra, born in 1861, he studied in India and Scotland where he gained a doctorate in science. Returning to India, he became a professor of chemistry. His writings include Life and experiences of a Bengali chemist (1932), and he was joint author of History of chemistry in ancient and medieval India (1956). Monoranjon Gupta wrote the biography, Prafullachandra Ray (1966), and Jyotirmay Sen Gupta, P. C. Ray (1972). Bioln, 1; OcScB; Who was who, 4 Ray, Sulumar, born 1 January 1905 in India, his writings include Humayun in Persia (1948), and Bairam Khan (1992). He died on 1 September 1987. LC Raymond, Andre, born 7 August 1925, he gained a D.Phil. in 1953 at Oxford with a thesis entitled British policy towards Tunis, 1830-1881, and a doctorat d'etat in 1972 at the Universite de Paris I with his thesis, Artisans et commercents du Caire au XVII/eme siecie. Early experience of teaching in Tunisia had focused his research on the Maghrib, but residence in Cairo in the 1950s, as a member of the Institut francais d'archeoloqte orientale, was decisive in giving direction to his work. His writings include The great Arab cities in the 16th-18th centuries (1984), Grandes villes arabes a t'epoque ottomane (1985); he was joint author of La Tunisie (1971), and Les marches du Caire; traduction ennotee du texte de Maqrizi (1979). BJMES 18 (1991), pp. 5-15; EURAMES, 1993; Sluglett; THESAM,3 Raymond, Jean, fl. 1923, he was a civil engineer and a member of the Societe francaise des ingenieurs coloniaux. His writings include L'urbanisme a la pottee de tous (Paris, 1925), Guide pratique de I'urbaniste (Paris, 1933), and Precis d'urbanisme moderne (Paris, 1934). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Raymond, Xavier, 1812-1886, his writings include Les marines de la France et de I'Angleterre, 18151863 (1863), and he was joint author of Tartarie, Belouchistan, Boutan et Nepal; Afghanistan (1838). BN; NUC, pre-1956

de Raynal, Paul Chaudru, born in 1797 at Bourges, he was a sous-intendant militaire first class, and a professor of military administration at l'Ecole d'etat-major. His writings include De la domination ttenceise en Afrique (1832), and L'exoedltion d'Alger, 1830; lettres d'un temoin, publiees par Augustin Bernard (1930). He died in 1845. Hoefer; NUC, pre-1956 Raynal, Rene, born 25 September 1914 at Toulouse, he gained a doctorate and was a sometime professor at the Faculte des lettres de Rabat. His writings include La terre et I'homme en HauteMoulouya (1960), Plaines et piedmonts du bassin de la Moulouya, Maroc oriental (1961), and he was joint author of Geographie de l'Afrique du nord-ouest (1967). He was honoured by the jubilee volume, Hommages a Rene Raynal (1981-82). LC; Unesco Raynaud, Henri, born in 1892, he received a medical doctorate in 1925 at the Universite de Lyon with a thesis entitled Contribution a l'etuoe hydro-geologique du Haut-Atlas occidental de la plaine de Haouz; les eaux de Marrakech. He was inspector general of the Services d'Hyqiene et de la Sante in Algeria, and a French delegate to the Cornite d'Hyqlene of the League of Nations. Apart from his administrative functions he also pursued an interest of long standing in Algerian history. Over the years he gathered a number of curious Arabic chirurgical instruments and subsequently an iconographic collection of importance to the history of North Africa. This collection, part of which was exhibited at l'Exposition retrospective du Centenaire at Alger in 1930, he readily made available to research. His writings include Etude sur I'hygiene et la medicine au Maroc (1902), and Hygiene et pathologie nord-africaines (1932). He died in 1931. BN; Revue africaine 32 (19319, p. 371 Raynaud, Lucien, born 19th cent., he received a medical doctorate in 1903 with a thesis entitled Marche et origine des grandes epkiemies du nord de l'Afrique et principalement du Maroc. His writings include Etude sur I'hygiene et la medecine au Maroc (1902), and Hygiene et pathologie nord-africaines (1932). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Raynaud, Rober, 1875-1951 see Rober Raynaud, Henri Razik Fareed, Sir, 1893 or 1895-1984 see Fareed, Sir Razik Razmara, Reza, born in 1915 at Tehran, he studied engineering at Tehran, London, and N.Y.C. Returning to Iran, he served in private enterprise and government. IranWW, 1976 Razon, Jean Paul, born early 20th cent., his writings include Le nouveau regime des baux commerciaux, industrie/s et artisanaux au Maroc (1955), and Les institutions judiciaires & la procedure civile du Maroc (1988). BN; LC Razvi, Mujtaba, Dr., born early 20th cent., he was a professor at the Department of International Relations, Karachi University in the late 1970s. His writings include The frontiers of Pakistan; a study of the frontier prob-Iems in Pakistan's foreign policy (Karachi, 1977). LC

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Read, Sir Charles Hercules, born in 1857 at Gillingham, Kent, he was privately educated. He joined the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities and Ethnography at the British Museum in 1880 and retired in 1921 as keeper of the Department. He was joint author of several museum catalogues, guides, and exhibition catalogues. He died in 1929. ONB; Who was who, 3 Reat, Noble Ross, born in 1951 in Texas, he graduated from Northwestern University with the class of 1973 and received a Ph.D. in 1980. He was later affiliated with the Department of Religion, University of Queensland, Australia. His writings include The origins of Indian psychology (1990), and Buddhism (1994). ConAu, 139 Reath, Nancy Andrews, fl. 1927, she was affiliated with the Pennsylvania Museum of Art, Textile Collection, Philadelphia. Her writings include The weaves of hand-loom fabrics (1927), and she was joint author of Persian textiles and their techniques from the sixth to the eighteenth centuries (1937). NUC, pre-1956

Rebatel, Fleury, Dr., born about 1845, he gained a doctorate at Paris in 1872 with a thesis entitled Recherches experimenteles sur la circulation dans les erteres coronaires. He later travelled in Tunisia. BN; NUC, pre-1956

Rebois, Gerard, fl. 1956, he was an administrator at the Service de la statistque du Gouvernement tunisien. He was joint author of Etudes de modeies globaux de croissance; Cote d'lvoire et Madagascar (Paris, 196-). NUC, 1973-1977 Reboud, Victor Constant, Dr., fl. 1855-1884, he was a writer on Libyan and Berber linguistics and contributed to scholarly journals in Algeria and metropolitan France. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Reboul, Frederick, colonel, born in 1863, his writings include Le conflit du Pacifique et notre marine de guerre (1922), Non, I'Allemagne n'a pas aeeerme (1932), and L'etmee ttenceise de la liberation (1946). BN; LC

Rebreyend, Andre, born 22 August 1888 at Plerre-Chatel (lsere), he embarked on a teaching career. Although appointed by Marechal Lyautey a director of the College franco-musulman d'EI Adoua, Fez, when still a young man, he soon began to pursue an interest in journalism and abandoned teaching altogether. He became editor-in-chief of the daily, Ie Proqtes marocain but also contributed to French and international periodicals. He was a sometime president of the Syndicat de la presse du Maroc. He was awarded French and Maroccan decorations. His writings include Les amours marocaines (1969). He died 19 February 1968. NONC, 1964; WhoFr, 1965/66, 1967/68 Rebstock, Ulrich, born about 1950, he received a Dr.phil. at TObingen with a thesis entitled Die Ibaditen im Magrib; die Geschichte einer Berberbewegung im Gewand des Islam. In 1996 he was a professor of Islamic studies at Freiburg im Breisgau. His writings include Sammlung arabischer Handschriften in Mauretanien (1989), Rechnen im islamischen Orient (1992), and he was joint author of Katalog der arabischen Handschriften in Mauretanien (1988). KUrschner, 1996 Rebuffat, Rene, fl. 1972, he was joint author of the Bibliographie de I'Afrique du nord antique (1980). Rechid, Ahmed, born 19th cent. see Ahmed Resid Rechinger, Karl Heinz, born 16 October 1906 at Wien, he gained a doctorate and became a director of the Botanische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. In 1956/57 he was a visiting professor at Baghdad. His writings include Enumaratio florae Constantinopolitanae (1938), Flora Aegaea (1943), and Flora of lowland Iraq (1964). WhoAustria, 1954-1969/70 Rechtia, S. K., 1913- see Rishtiya, Sayyid Qasim Reckendorf, Hermann Salomon, born 5 February 1863 at Heidelberg where he received his first education from his father, Hermann Zvi Chaim (1825-1875). In 1882 he began his studies at the Rabbiner-Seminar zu Berlin, but soon abandoned orthodoxy to concentrate on Oriental philology and philosophy at Berlin, Heidelberg and, finally, Leipzig where he obtained a Dr. phil. degree with his thesis Ober Werth der a/tathiopischen PentateuchObersetzung tur die Reconstruction der Septuaginta (1886). He did post-doctoral research at StraBburg and Freiburg i. Br. before beginning a university career at Freiburg in 1888 which lasted until he died from a cardiac arrest in the midst of his work on 10 March 1923. His was an uneventful life of the average nineteenth century scholar, marred only by eye trouble since his student days. His writings include Mohammed und die Seinen (1907), Ober Paronomasie in den semitischen Sprachen (1909); he is best remembered for Die syntaktischen verhettnisse des Arabischen (1898), and Arabische Syntax (1921). Zeitschrift fOr Semitistik 2 (1924), pp. 287-

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Reclus, Jean Jacques Elisee, born in 1830 at Sainte-Foy-Ia-Grande (Gironde), to a family devoted to traditional virtues, he spent his young years in Germany. He was educated at the College de SainteFoy and the Faculte de theoloqle at Montauban. After he returned from a 1851 visit to Germany, he was expelled from France as an anarchist. He then travelled and worked in England and the Americas before returning the France in 1879. He soon left for Bruxelles where he became a professor of geography and ethnography in 1892. His writings include Nouvelle geographie universelle (1876-94), L'evotution, la revolution et /'ideal anarchique (1898), and Africa and its inhabitants (1899). He died near Bruxelles 5 July 1905. Gary S. Dunbar wrote a biography, Elisee Reclus, historian of nature (1978). BcBMOuvF, vol. 15; BiD&SB; Curinier, vol. 1, p. 101; DcBiPP; Embacher; Dickinson; EncAm; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; Geographers, vol. 3, pp. 125-133; GdeEnc; IndexBFr2 (7); Master (4); Vapereau

Reclus, Onesime, born 1837 at Orthez (Basses Pyrenees), a brother of Elisee Reclus, he served in Algeria with the zouaves, and, deeply impressed by the pageant of nature and enchanted particularly by lakes and forests, he travelled, on foot and without the least resources, throughout North Africa and western Europe. His writings include La France et ses colonies (1871), France, Algerie et colonies (1883), Lecbons I'Asie, prenons I'Afrique. OU renaftre? Et comment durer? (1904), Algerie et Tunisie (1909), and, with his brother Elisee, L'empire du milieu (1902). He died in 1916. Curinier, vol. 1, p. 102; EncicUni; IndexBFr2 (4); Vapereau

Recouly, Raymond, born 14 June 1876 at Saint-Pons-de-Mauchiens (Herault), he was educated at the Lycee Henri IV and the Sorbonne where he gained a doctorate. He was a special reporter of Ie Temps in London, 1906-08, and for the next six years was a travelling correspondent for Ie Figaro, in Europe and the Middle East. In the first World War he was an army lieutenant on the Russian front, 19161917, and then served in Algeria as an ordonance officier. His writings include Les pays magyar (1903), Dix mois de guerre au Mandchourie; impressions d'un temoin (1905), and lilnereires etqetiens (1922). He died in Montpellier on 12 September 1950. BN; LC; NYT, 13 September 1950, p. 27, col. 1 Recoura, Georges, born in 1897, he was the editor of a critical edition of Les Assises de Roumanie (1930). He died in 1925. NUC, pre-1956 Rectenwald, Georges, born 19th cent., he received doctorates at Montpellier with his theses entitled Des ceuvres d'assistance spectetes aux indigenes en Algerie, and La magistrature cantonale en Algerie, in 1908 and 1909 respectively. In 1911 he was a justice of the peace at Collo, Algeria. His writings include Contribution a l'eiutie des legislations etqerienne et tunisienne (1912), and Accident de travail en Tunisie (1931). NUC, pre-1956 Reda, Khalil Saleh, born 4 January 1920, he received a Ph.D. in 1946 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Food and the Egyptian population. He was successively a professor of agriculture at Cairo and Ain Shams universities. Selim; Unesco Redard, Georges Alphonse, born 4 April 1922 at Neuchatel, he studied classics, with Russian, Lithuanian, Persian and Sanskrit, at Neuchatel, Bern and Paris, and gained a doctorate in 1949 at Neuchatel with a thesis entitled Le suffixe grec ITEX, IT/X. His writings include Recherches sur XPf}, XPfJ8al; etude sementique (1950), A travers les deserts de /'Iran (1962), Afghanistan (1974), and its translations into German and Italian. BioB134; WhoSwi, 1964/65-1992/931; WhoWor, 1974, 1980/81 Reddaway, Arthur Frederick John, born 12 April 1916, he was a graduate of Reading University and later joined the British colonial administration on Cyprus. From 1960 to 1968 he was deputy commissioner-general of the U.N. Relief and Works' Agency concerned with the Palestinian refugees. His writings include Burdened by Cyprus; the British connection (1986). He died on 25 June 1990. ConAu,132; Who was who, 8

Reddaway, Peter, born early 20th cent., he was a Cambridge student who travelled with three friends by Land-Rover over-land into west and south-western Iran at the beginning of August 1959, and returned exactly two months later. Redhouse, Sir James William, born 30 December 1811 near London, he was left an orphan early. At the age of fifteen he took ship for the Mediterranean, and when he reached Constantinople he got a job as a draftsman in an office of the Ottoman government. He set out immediately to learn Turkish, and began to compile a Turkish-English dictionary. He did finish this enormous task - only to find out that the Turkish-French work of T. X. Bianchi had anticipated him. But he was of an intellectual stature who could not be discouraged; he simply postponed his own publication. In 1838 he became a confidential interpreter, first to the Grand Vizier, and afterwards to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1840 he was transferred to the Turkish Admirality. In 1843 he began a decade of service as the confidential medium of communication between the British Embassy and the Ottoman Government. The first part of this period, until 1847, he spent largely in Erzerum, where he participated in the negotiations that

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ended in a treaty of peace between Turkey and Persia. Although he is best known for his TurkishEnglish dictionary of 1890, he also published translations of Ahmad Aflaki, 'Ali al-Khazraji, Jalal ai-Din Rumi, and Nasir ai-Din Shah. He was awarded for his work by the governments of Britain, Persia, and Turkey. He died on 4 January 1892. DNB; JRAS, 1892, pp. 160-161; unidentified article by Sidney Balister Redlich, Emil, born 18 January 1866 at BrOnn, Moravia, he studied medicine at Wien and received a doctorate in 1889. He then joined the laboratory of the Neurologisches Institut, Wien. In 1901 he was appointed a professor of psychiatry and neurology at the Unlversltat Wien. Since 1914 he was a director of Rothschild'sche Stiftung "Maria-Theresien-Schlossel." He died in Wien 7 JUne 1930. DtBE; bBL

Redman, Charles Lincoln, born 18 August 1945, he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled Controlled surface collection as an integral element in archaeological research strategies. In 1995 he was a professor at the Department of Anthropology in Arizona State University, Temple. His writings include Research and theory in current archaeology (1983), Qsar esSeghir, an archaeological view of medieval life (1986), and he was joint editor of Small site variability in the Payson region (1986). AmM&WS, 1976 P Redman, Sir Herbert Vere, born in 1901, he was a teacher of English in Japan, an editor, a Tokyo correspondent for British and U.S. papers, and in H.M. Foreign Service. He died in 1975. Who was who, 7 Redslob, Gustav Moritz, born 21 May 1804 at Querfurt, Germany, he studied philosophy, theology and Oriental languages at the Unlversitat Leipzig where he received a Dr.phil. in 1830, followed by a Dr.theol. in 1846. Since 1841 he was a professor of philosophy and Biblical philology at Akademisches Gymnasium, Hamburg. His writings include Der Begriff des Nabi oder des sogenannten Propheten bei den Hebreern (1839). He died in Hamburg 28 February 1882. DtBE Redzic, Husref, fl. 1965, he was an architectural engineer and a professor of architecture and urbanism at Sarajevo. His writings include Islamska umjetnost (1967), its translations, Islamic art (1967), Islamische Kunst (1967), and Studije 0 islamskoj arhitektonskoj bestint (1983). JugoslSa, 1970 Reeck, Darrell Lauren, born 25 January 1939 at Tacoma, Wash., he was a graduate of Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary and received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Boston University with a thesis entitled A socio-historical analysis of modernization and related mission influences in two chiefdoms in West Africa. In 1968 he was a visiting research fellow at the African Studies Institute, University of Sierra Leone; he later became a professor, and chairman, in the University of Puget Sound, Tacoma. His writings include Deep Mende; religious interactions in a changing African rural society (1976), and Ethics for the profession; a Christian perspective (1982). ConAu,104; DrAS, 1974-1982 P; WhoRel, 1975, 1992 Reed, Cass Arthur, born in 1885 at Port Huron, Mich., he graduated from Ponoma College in 1906, received his B.D. from Union Theological Seminary, and an A.M. from Columbia in 1911. He gained his doctorate in education in 1921 at Harvard. He served in Japan and N.Y.C. before serving at the International College, Smyrna, in a variety of capacities from 1912 to his retirement in 1936. He died in Redondo Beach, Cal., 22 August 1949. Master (2); Missionary herald, 1922; Shavit; WhAm,3; WhAm, 3 Reed, Christopher Dunham, fl. 1966, he was the author of a catalogue of an exhibition held in the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, entitled Turkoman rugs (1966). LC Reed, George Clinton, born in 1872 at Weeping Water, Nebr., he was a graduate of Oberlin College and served as a missionary under the Gospel Missionary Union, 1897-1916, in Morocco, and, 19191951, in Bamako, Mali. He translated part of the New Testament into Arabic, and the Bible into Bambara. He died 21 January 1966. Shavit - Africa Reed, Howard Alexander, born 26 February 1920 at Izmir, he was educated in Turkey, Lebanon, and England and graduated from Yale University with the class of 1942. He gained a doctorate in 1951. He held a variety of posts in international organizations and American institutions of higher learning, including a professorship at the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal. In 1990 he became a professor emeritus of the University of Connecticut. ConAu, 13-16, new rev., 13; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978,1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1990; WhoAm, 1974-2000

Reed, William, fl. 1962, his writings include Red Sea fisheries of Sudan (Khartoum, 1964), Fish and fisheries in Northern Nigeria (Kaduna, 1967), and he was joint author of West African freshwater fish (London, 1972). NUC, 1968-1972, 1973-1977 Reeland, Adriaan, 1676-1718 see Reland, Adriaan Rees, John David, born in 1854, he entered the Madras Civil Service in 1875 and was private secretary to three successive governors. He was a translator in Tamil, Telugu, Persian, and Urdu. He retired in Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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1901. His writings include Notes of a journey from Kasveen to Hamadan across the Karaghan country (1885), The Muhammadans, 1001-1761 A.D. (1894), and Modern India (1910). He died in 1922. Buckland; Riddick; Who was who, 2

Refahiyat, Huschang, born 18 June 1935 at Tehran. After completing a one-year commercial training, he was employed by the Department of Transport from 1956 to 1960. He subsequently studied at the Universltat Gie~en until 1965 when he obtained a position at the Institut fur Landwirtschaftliche Betriebslehre as research assistant. In 1970 he gained a doctorate at Gie~en with a thesis entitled Moglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Agrarstruktur im Iran. Thesis Refai, Gulammohammad Zainulabedin, born 17 December 1936 at Baroda, India, he received his B.A. (Hons.) and M.A. from the M.S. University of Baroda. While research assistant there, he was awarded the Bombay-Cambridge scholarship in 1964 to study at Cambridge where he received a Ph.D. in 1968 with a thesis entitled Anglo-Mughal relations in western India and the development of Bombay c. 16621690. He worked as an assistant librarian at the British Museum until 1969, and became a visiting professor at the University of California at Los Angeles and Berkeley during 1969-1971. Since 1971, he was a professor of South Asian and Middle Eastern history at Central Washington University, Ellensburg. Directory of American scholars, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; International who's who in Asian studies, 1976/77; Sluglett; Who's who in theWest, 1980-1984

von Regel, Constantin, born 10 August 1890 at St. Petersburg where he graduated in 1912. He received a doctorate in 1921 from the Universitat Worzurg with a thesis entitled Die Pflanzendecke der Halbinsel Kola. Thereafter he was affiliated with Lietuvos Universitetas, Kaunas, Lithuania; he was also a sometime visiting professor at Kabul. His writings include Kolos pusiausalio euqemenine danga Die Pflanzendecke der Halbinsel Kola (Kaunas, 1923), Die Vegetationsverhaltnisse der Halbinsel Kola (1935), and Pflanzen in Europa liefern Rohstoffe (1945). He died in Keferberg, Switzreland, 22 May 1970. Baltisch (2); NUC, pre-1956

=

Regelsperger, Gustave, fl. 1912, he received a doctorate in 1881 at the Faculte de droit de Bordeaux with a thesis entitled Droit romain: de I'edilite; droit frangais: des successions echues aux epoux pendant Ie mariage. BN van Regemorter, Jean Louis, he was in 1964 affiliated with the C.N.R.S.. He was joint author of Histoire de la Russie (1971). LC Regil y Alonso, Maximiano de, fl 1896, he was a lecturer at the Instituto de Ciudad Real, a corresponding member of the Real Academia de Historia, and a contributor to the Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Excursiones. Ossorio Regia Campistol, Juan, born in 1917 at Bascara, he was successively a professor of history at the universities of Santiago, Valencia, and Barcelona. His writings include Comprendre el m6n (1967), Aproximaci6 a la mston« del pals Valencia (1968), Estudios sobre los moriscos (1974), and a collection of his articles, Temas medievales (1972). A commemorative volume, Homenaje al Dr. D. Juan Regia Campistol, was published in 1975. He died in 1973. Dicc bio; LC Regling, Kurt Ludwig, born 8 November 1876 at Berlin, he studied classics and received a Dr.phil. in 1899 at Berlin with a thesis entitled De belli Parthici Cassiani fontibus. Since 1922 he was a professor, specializing in classical numismatics. His writings include Nordgriechische MOnzen der BIOtezeit (1923), and Ancient numismatics (1969). He died in Berlin 10 August 1935. DtBE; DtBiind (4); Kurschner, 1925-1935

Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angely, Auguste Michel Etienne, 1794-1870 see Regnault de Saint Jean d'Angely, Auguste Michel Etienne Regnault, Emile Francols Eugene Louis, born 9 February 1862 at Noyal-sur-Vilaine (lIIe-et-Vilaine). He gained admission to the military college of St-Cyr in 1883 and was commissioned into the 1er tirailleurs as sous-Iieutenant on 1 October 1885. He spent the years from 1886 to 1909 with the military in Algeria, rising to the rank of It.-colonel. At the outbreak of the first World War he was stationed in western Morocco. He died in the war. Peyronnet, p. 688 Regnault, Felix, born in 1863, he was a medical doctor whose writings include Hypnotisme, religion (1897), L'evoiution de la prostitution (1906), and La genese des miracles (1910). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Regnault (Regnaud) de Saint-Jean d'Angely, Auguste Michel Etienne, comte, born in 1794 at Paris, he was a general and a French politician. His writings include Rapport sur Ie gouvernement et I'administration des tribus arabes de I'Algerie (1851). He died in Nice in 1870. DcBiPP; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; IndexBFr2 (9); Meyers

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Regny, E. de, fl. 19th cent., he was affiliated with the Institut egyptien. His writings include Statistique de I'Egypte ti'epres des documents officiels (Alexandrie, 1872). NUC, pre-1956 Rehatsek, Edward, born 3 July 1819 at 1II0ck, Austria-Hungary, he studied at BUdapest and took a degree in civil engineering. Leaving Hungary at the end of 1842, he spent a few months at Paris, then four years in the U.S.A., and in 1847 sailed to India from New Orleans by way of Liverpool and the Cape of Good Hope. Arriving in Bombay on the 5th of December 1847, he settled down as professor of Latin and mathematics at Wilson College. He was also a fellow of Bombay University, and for twelve years examiner in Arabic, Persian, Latin, and French. His writings include Catalogue retsonne of the Arabic, Hindostani, Persian, and Turkish MSS in the Mulla Firuz Library (1873). He always led a quite life, preferring the society of Indians to his European colleagues. When he retired in 1871 he turned totally recluse. He cooked meals of the most frugal description, his dress was most threadbare, and he was his own servant. After he had died on 18 December 1891, his body was taken to Worli and immediately carried to that part of the cemetery set aside for deceased persons having no relatives. The still smoldering embers whereon a body had been burned that afternoon were swept aside. Fresh wood was piled up, and the body was placed thereon. Lights were applied, and in about two hours the remains of the first European ever cremated in Bombay in native-fashion were reduced to ashes. Bombay gazette, 19 December 1891; Buckland; JRAS, 1892, pp. 157-160,581-595; Pallas; RNL Rehder, Peter, born 8 March 1939 at Schwerin, Germany, he pursued Slavic studies and gained a doctorate in 1967 at MOnchen with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur Erforschung der serbokroatischen Prosodie. Since 1978 he was a professor of Slavic linguistics at his alma mater. He edited EinfOhrung in die slawischen Sprachen (1986), and Ars phi/ologica Slavica (1988). KOrschner, 1983-2003 Rehder, Robert McCoukie, born in 1935, he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled Hafiz, an introduction. LC Rehfisch, Farnham, born 23 June 1922 at San Francisco, he studied at the University of California and the University of London where he gained an M.A. in 1955 with a thesis entitled The social structure of a Mambi/a village (1972). He was a sometime anthropologist at the universities of Edinburgh and Khartoum. He edited Gypsies, tinkers, and other travellers (1975). Unesco Rehm, Hermann Siegfried, born 1 April 1859 at Aachen, Germany, he was a writer whose books include Das Buch der Marionetten (1905), Mohammed und die Welt des Islams (1915), Nasreddin, der Schelm (1916), Die Erzahlungen des Scheichs von Damaskus (1919), Der Humor in der Memoirenliteratur (1919). and Das Lachen der Volker (1927). KOrschners deutscher Literatur-Kalender, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1925-1937/381

Rehs, Michael, born 14 December 1927 at Konigsberg, Germany, he studied law at Kiel, Cambridge, Uppsala, and Bologna, and gained a Dr.jur. in 1954 at Kiel with a thesis entitled Der stillschweigende Verwaltungsakt. In 1960 he was appointed head of the Institut fur Auslandsbeziehungen, Stuttgart. His writings include Der eiserne Leuchter und andere bulgarische Erzahlungen (1967), Wurzeln in fremder Erde (1984), and Die Rolle der Frauen in den Kulturen der "Driiien Welt" (1990). Wer ist wer, 1984-1989/90

Reibell, Emile, born 13 January 1866 at Strasbourg, he passed in 1885 through the military college, Saint-Cyr, and rose to the rank of general in 1915. He participated in the Foureau-Lamy missions of 1898 and 1899, becoming head of the mission in 1900. He was also in charge of other missions in French Equatorial Africa. From 1906 to 1908 he was a commander at Marnia, Algeria. He was fluent in Arabic. His writings include Le commandant Lamy (1903), L'Algerie de centenaire vue par un alsacien (1930), L'epopee saharienne (1931), La Tunisie d'i/ y a cinquante ans (1932), and Cinq etoi/es a notre firmament imperial; Sidi-Brahim 1845, Camerone 1863, la prise de Samory 1898, la conquete du Tchad 1900 (Marseille, 1943). NUC, pre-1956; Peyronnet, p. 861 Reich, Bernard, born 5 December 1941 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he gained a Ph.D. in 1964 at the University of Virginia with a thesis entitled Israel's foreign policy. He joined George Washington University in 1964 and rose to the rank of chairman of the Department of Political Science. His writings include Quest for peace (1977), The government and politics of the Middle East and North Africa (1980), and he edited Political leaders of the contemporary Middle East and North Africa (1990). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 81-84, new rev., 14,32; WhoAm, 1986/87-2000; WhoE,1983-1986

Reich, Sigismund Sussia, 1913-1962 see Rice, David Storm Reichard, Heinz, born 20th cent., his writings include Worte an die EheschlieBenden (1951), and Aufgaben und Verantwortung des Standesbeamten (1973); he was joint author of Standesamt und Auslander (1973), and Die offent/ich-recht/iche Namensanderung (1981). LC

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199

Reiche, Jens Peter, born 11 February 1936 at Itzehoe, Germany, he studied musicology and dramatic arts at the Freie Universltat Berlin where received a Dr.phil in 1968 with a thesis entitled Stilelemente sco-turklscher Davul-Zurna-Stacke. Schwarz; Thesis Reichelt, G. Th., born 19th cent., he was a churchman whose writings include Das vatikanische Concil (1872), and a work on the Moravian Brethren, Die Himalaya-Mission der Bradergemeinde (1897). GV Reichelt, Hans, born 20 April 1877 at Baden, Austria, he received a Dr.phil in 1900 at the Universltat Glefsenwith a thesis entitled Der Frahang i oim. He was successively a professor at the universities of Giel1en, Czernowitz, Graz, Hamburg, and again Graz. His writings include Awestisches Elementarbuch (1909), Avesta reader (1911), and Die sogdischen Handschriftenreste des Britischen Museums (1928-31). KOrschner, 1925-19351 Reichenkron, GOnter, born 9 April 1907 at Berlin, he studied Romance, Slavic and Indo-Germanic philology as well as classics and became a professor of Romance literature at the Universltat Posen in 1942 and also held a cross-appointment at the Deutsches Wissenschaftliches Institut, Bucuresti. In 1948 he moved to the Freie Universltat Berlin as professor of Romance philology. In 1960 he established the Institut fOr Balkanologie. Since 1962 he was founding editor of the Zeitschrift far Balkanologie. His writings include Beitreqe zur romanischen Lautlehre (1939), Historische latein-altromanische Grammatik (1965), and Das Dakische (1966). He died in Berlin 20 June 1966. KOrschner, 1940/41-1966; SOdost-Forschungen 25 (1966), pp. 405-407; Wer ist wer 1955-1963; Zeitschrift far Balkanologie 4 (1966), pp. 1-2

Reichert, Rolf, fl. 1979, he was affiliated with the Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais, Universidad Federal da Bahia. His writings include Atlas hist6rico regional do mondo erebe (1969); he edited Os documentos ereaes do Arquivo do Estado da Bahia (1970); and he was joint author of PolyglottSorechttmrer Marokkanisch-Arabisch (1968). LC Reichhold, Walter, born in 1904. His writings include Franzosisch-Westafrika (1958), Islamische Republik Mauretanien (1964), and Der Senegalstrom, Lebensader dreier Nationen (1978). LC Reichman, Shalom, born in 1935 at Worms, Germany, he was a graduate of the University of liverpool where he also gained a Ph.D. in 1964 with a thesis entitled Air transport in West Africa. He later became a professor at the Department of Geography in the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include Les transports, servitude ou libett»? (1983), and he was joint author of Euromobile; transport, communications and mobility in Europe (1990), and joint editor of Transportation in a changing world (1986). Wholsrael, 1980/81, 1985/86 Reid, Anthony, 20th cent. His writings include The contest for North Sumatra; Atjeh, the Netherlands, and Britain, 1858-1898 (1969). LC Reid, Donald Malcolm, born 24 December 1940 at Manhattan, Kans., he graduated from Muskingum College with the class of 1962 and received a Ph.D. in 1969 at Princeton with a thesis entitled Farah Antun; the life and times of a Syrian Christian journalist in Egypt. In 1969 he started a more than thirtyyear affiliation with the Georgia State University as a professor of history. His writings include The odyssey of Farah Antun, a Syrian Christian's quest for secularism (1975), Lawyers and politics in the Arab world (1981), and Cairo University and the making of modern Egypt (1990). DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995-2000; Selim

Reid, James Joseph, born in 1941. His writings include Tribalism and society in Islamic Iran, 15001629 (1983), a work which was originally presented as a thesis at U.C.L.A. in 1978. LC Reid, John, born in 1808, he learned the booktrade at Glasgow and then moved to London. He later started as a bookseller and publisher on his own account in Glasgow. He travelled extensively in Europe and, in 1838, he went to Turkey on a prolonged visit. In 1840 he published his impressions, Turkey and the Turks; being the present state of the Ottoman Empire. The same year he went to Hongkong to edit an English journal but died in 1841 or 1842. DNB Reid, Thomas, born in 1881 in Eire, he was educated at Cork and Dublin. He then entered the Colonial Civil Service and held various judicial and administrative posts in South Asia. He also served on the Palestine Partition Commission and spent some time in that country. He died in 1963. WhE&EA; Who was who, 6

Reid, Sir Thomas Wemyss, born in 1842, he was a journalist from his early years and made many journeys aborad, chiefly in his journalistic capacity. He died active to the last in 1905. BbD; BiD&SB; CasWL; DNB; EvLB; GdeEnc; Master (3); Who was who, 1

Reider, Joseph, born 30 December 1886 at Rozhyshche, Ukraine, he received a Ph.D. in 1913 at Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, Philadelphia, Pa., with a thesis entitled ProlegoWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

200 mena to a Greek-Hebrew & Hebrew-Greek index to Aquila. His translations include The Holy Scriptures; Deuteronomy, with commentary (1937), and The Book of Wisdom (1957). He died in Philadelphia in 1960. CnDiAmJBi

Reif, Stefan Clive, born in 1944 at Edinburgh, he was a graduate of Jews College, London, and gained a Ph.D. at London, and an M.A. at Cambridge. He was an ordained rabbi and became director of the Geniza Unit, and later head of the Oriental Department, at Cambridge University Library. His writings include Shabbethai Sofer and his prayer book (1977), a work which represents a revised and updated version of his University of London thesis. He was joint editor of Interpreting the Hebrew Bible; essays in honour of E. I. J. Rosenthal (1982), Published material from the Cambridge Genizah Collections; a bibliography, 1896-1980 (1988), and Genizah research after ninety years; the case of Judaeo-Arabic; papers (1992). Wholsrael, 1990/91-1999; WhoWorJ,1987 Reiff, Henry, born 20 May 1899 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he graduated from Harvard with the class of 1925 and obtained a doctorate. He was a professor of history and government at St. Lawrence University, Canton, N.Y., from 1928 to his retirement in 1966. In 1953/54 he was a Fulbright lecturer in international law at Cairo universities. His writings include Diplomatic and consular privileges, and practices (1954). He died of cancer in Granville, Ohio, 3 June 1983. AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu, 110; NYT, 9 June 1983, p. B-12, col. 3

Reiff, Robert Frank, born 23 January 1918 at Rochester, N.Y., he graduated from the University of Rochester with the class of 1941 and received a Ph.D. in 1961 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled A stylistic analysis of Arshile Gorky's art from 1943-1948. He was a professor of art at various colleges and universities for more than twenty-five years, and a painter in his own right. He died in Middlebury, Vt., 7 June 1982. ConAu, 17-20, 135; WhAm,8; WhoAm, 1982; WhoamA,1973-1982 de Reiffenberg, Frederic Auguste Ferdinand Thomas, baron, born 14 November 1795 at Mons, he was one of the most inspired and prolific writers of modern Belgium, at the same time poet, historian, philosopher, critic, professor, and bibliographer. He was a member of the Academle royale de Bruxelles. He died in Saint-Josse-ten Noode, lez-Bruxelles, 18 April 1850. BioNBelg, vol. 18, cols. 887-918; GdeEnc; Hoefer

Reig, Daniel, Dr., fl. 1977, he was in 1993 a professor at the Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris. His writings include Manuel d'arabe moderne (1977-1984), Aif alf fi'l - we-tit; kitab al-tasrif (1983), Dictionnaire erebe-trencsis, frangais-arabe (1983), Homo orientaliste; la langue arabe en France depuis Ie XIXe steele (1988), and he translated from the Arabic of Ibn al-Jawzi, La pensee vigile (1986). EURAMES, 1993

Reil, Wilhelm R., born 8 April 1820 at Schonewerda, Germany, he was educated at Wittenberg and studied medicine at the Universitat Halle. Since 1852 he was a lecturer in pharmacology and history of medicine at his alma mater. His wife's ailing health obliged them to go to Egypt. In 1859 they settled there permanently and he practised as a physician, being temporarily also court physician. His writings include Agypten als Winteraufenthalt turKranke (1859), and The salino-sulphureous thermal springs of Helouan (1874). He died 14 January 1880. Egyptology; MedizinischesJourna/3 (1968), pp. 101-113 Reilly, Sir Bernard Rawdon, K.C.M.G., C.I.E., O.B.E., lieutenant-colonel, he entered the Indian Army in 1902 and served with the Colonial Office from 1940 to 1961. He gave a lifetime of service at the Aden Settlement and when it was turned into a colony he became most appropriately the first governor and commander-in-chief. He died in 1966. Riddick; Who was who, 6

Reilly, Francis Savage, born in 1825, his writings include the booklet, Statute law revision (1862). He died in 1883. NUC, pre-1956 Reilly, James A., born 9 January 1954 in Alaska, he studied at AUB and Georgetown University where he gained a doctorate in 1987. He was a sometime professor at the Department of Islamic Studies in the University of Toronto and a member of MESA. His writings include the pamphlet, Muslim fundamentalism in the Middle East (1989). Private

Reimann, Eduard, born 17 October 1820 at Ols, Prussia, to a family of modest substance, he was educated at the local school, and in obedience to his family's wishes he trained to be an elementary school teacher. After extramural secondary school graduation in 1841, he began to study theology and history at the Universltat Breslau, supporting himself with private lessons. He received a doctorate in 1845 with a thesis entitled De Richeri vita et scriptis, and then became a secondary school teacher at Breslau where he died 19 January 1900. DtBilnd (2) Rein, Johannes Justus, born 27 January 1835 at Raunheim, Germany, he studied natural sciences at the Universitat Gier1en, and later obtained a doctorate. For a few years he served as a teacher at Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

201 Reval; he also travelled in Scandinavia and North and Central America. In 1873 he was sent by the Prussian Government on an industrial and economic fact-finding mission to Japan. Returning to Germany, he successively became a professor of geography at Marburg and Bonn, where he died on 23 January 1918. He was honoured by a jubilee volume, Festschrift zur Feier des 70. Geburtstages von Johann Justus Rein (1905). DtBE; Embacher; DtBilnd (6); Werist's, 1909, 1912 Reinach, Adolphe Joseph, born in 1887, he was an archaeologist who occasionally also wrote on contemporary affairs. His writings include L'Egypte prehistorique (1908), La question d'Homere (1909), La question cretoise vue de Grece (1910), and Les portraits greco-egyptiens (1915). He died in 1914. LC; Wininger Reinach, Joseph, born in 1856, he was educated at the Lycee Condorcet and the Faculte de droit, Paris. He travelled in the Near East, a journey which he partly described in Serbie et Montenegro (1874). He contributed other political and historical studies to la Revue bleue. He was one of the first members of the Cornite de l'Asie francalse. He died in Paris, 18 April 1921. Curinier, vol. 2, pp. 129-131;

EncAm; EncJud; GdeEnc; JewEnc; JOdLex; Lamathiere; OxFr; Vapereau; Wininger

Reinach, Salomon, born 29 August 1858 at St. Germain-en-Laye, he was a member of l'Ecole francalse d'Athenes from 1879 to 1882 and made extensive archaeological excursions to the Near East. His writings include Antiquites du Bosphore oimmerien (1882). He died in 1932. Curinier, vol. 5, p. 17;

EncAm; EncBrit; EncJud; JewEnc; JOdLex; Master (3); OxFr; Qui etes-voue, 1924; Vapereau; Wer ist's, 1909, 1912; Who was who, 3; Wininger

Reinaud, Joseph Toussaint, born 4 December 1795 at Lambesc (Bouches-du-Rhone), he came to Paris in 1815, and became a student of Silvestre de Sacy. In 1824 he entered the Blbllotheque royale, and in 1838, he succeeded to Silvestre de Sacy's chair of Arabic at the Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris. In 1858 he became president of the Societe asiatique and since 1858 he was keeper of Oriental manuscripts at the Blbliotheque Imperiale. He edited and translated Arabic geographical Dezobry; EncBrit; FOck, p. 153; GdeEnc; Hoefer; and historical texts. He died in Paris, 14 May 1867. Krachkovskii, p. 132; Vapereau

Reindl, Hedda, fl. 1974, she gained a Dr.phil. in 1982 at the Universitat MOnchen with a thesis entitled Manner um Bayezid; eine prosopographische Studie abet die Epoche Sultan Bazedis II. Schwarz Reineccius (Reineck), Christian, born 22 January 1668, he studied theology at Leipzig and gained his doctorate in 1702 with a thesis entitled De septem dormien tib us. His writings include Lexicon Hebraeo-Chaldaicum Biblicum (1720), Biblia sacra quadralingua (1748), and he published a revised edition of L. Marracci's translation of the Koran, Mohammedis filii Abdalire pseudo-prophetre fides is/amitica (1721). He died 18 October 1752. DcBiPP; LuthC, 1975 Reineggs, Jacob, born Christian Rudolph Ehlich 28 November 1744 at Eisleben, Saxony, he was a barber, actor, and a student of medicine and mineralogy at the Universltat Leipzog and gained a medical doctorate in 1772 at Tyrnau (Nagyszombat). Since 1770 he had made systematic preparations for travels in the Near East, the Caucasus, and Russia. Since 1774 he was mainly resident in St. Petersburg where he died in March of 1793. The few sources on his life are unreliable and contradictory; his autobiographical note in his Oriental travel diary purports to disguise rather than illuminate his person and the events of the journey. DtBilnd (6); Der Orient in der Forschung (1967), pp. 586-597; Wurzbach Reiner, Ernst, fl. 1964 at Koln, he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1951 at the Unlversitat Freiburg im Breisgau with a thesis entitled Die Molukken; Versuch einer landeskundlichen Darstellung. His writings include Vorderindien, Ceylon, Tibet, Nepal, 1926-1953 (1954), Die Molukken (1956), and Geographischer Literaturbericht uber Australien und Neuseeland (1967). GV Reiner, Julius, Dr., born in 1871, his writings include Betutimie Utopisten und ihr Staatsideal (1906), Muhammed und der Islam (1907), Philosophisches Worterbuch (1912), Buddha (1926), and Zarathustra (1930). NUC, pre-1956 Reinert, Benedikt, born 25 January 1930 at Basel, he received a Dr.phil. in 1968 from the Universitat Basel with his thesis, Die Lehre vom tawakkul in der klassischen Sufik. Since 1969 he was a professor at the Orientalisches Seminar der Unlversitat ZOrich. KOrschner, 1996; WWASS, 1989 Reinhard, Kurt August Georg, born 27 August 1914 at Gie~en, Germany, he studied rnuslcoloqy, history of art, and ethnology at Koln, Leipzig, and MOnchen where he received a Dr.phil. in 1939 with a thesis entitled Die Musik Birmas. He then joined the Staatliches Institut der Deutschen Musikforschung, Berlin, and later became a director, Musikethnologische Abteilung, Museum fur Volkerkunde, Berlin. Concurrently he was head of the Turkish section at the Internationales Institut fur vergleichende Musikstudien und Dokumentation, Berlin, 1964-1969. His writings include Tarkische Musik (1962), and

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202 EinfOhrung in die Musikethnologie (1968). He died in Wetzlar, 18 July 1979. DtBE;

Efhnomusicology 24

(1980), pp. v-vi; KOrschner, 1950-1980

Reinharz, Jehuda, born 1 August 1944 at Haifa. Since 1982 he was a professor of modern Jewish history at Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. In 1995, he was its provost and director, and in 2000, its president and chancellor. He edited Mystics, philosophers, and politicians (1982), and Israel in the Middle East (1984). ConAu, 65-68, new rev., 9, 24, 49; DrAS, 1982; NatFacDr, 1995, 2000; WhoAm, 1986-2000; WhoWorJ,1987

Reinisch, Simon Leo, born 26 October 1832 at Osterwitz, Austria, he studied at Wien where he served as a professor from 1868 to 1903. He was a lifelong student of Hamito-Semitic languages. His writings in-c1ude Der einheit/iche Ursprung der Sprachen der alten Welt (1873), Die Bilin-Sprache (1883-87), Die Chamirsprache in Abessinien (1884), Die Bedauye-Sprache in Nordost-Afrika (189394), Die Afar-Sprache (1885-1887), Die Somali-Sprache (1900-1903), and Das oersoniicne FOfWOrl und die Verbal-flexion in den Chamito-Semitischen Sprachen (1909). He died in 1919. DtBE; DtBilnd (4); Egyptology; Hill;

osi:

Werist's, 1909, 1912; Wininger; Wurzbach; Zach, pp. 163-165

Reintjens, Hortense, born first half 20th cent., she received a Dr.phil. in 1975 at the Unlversitat K61n with a thesis entitled Die soziale Stellung der Frau bei den nordarabischen Beduinen unter besonderer BerOcksichtigung ihrer Ehe- und Familienverhaltnisse. Schwarz Reiske, Johann Jacob, born in 1716 at Z6rbig, near Halle, he was educated at the Franckesche Stiftungen, Halle, and matriculated at Leipzig, where he published in 1737 al-Hariri's 26th maqamah in Arabic with Latin translation. In May of the same year, he set out, on foot and by way of Hamburg and Amsterdam, in quest of the Oriental treasures of the Legatum Wagnerianum at Leiden where he arrived in June of 1738. His study at Leiden were years of tribulation, no financial assistance for foreigners and the library closed for summer recess. The private Greek and Latin lessons which he gave were never really sufficient to make ends meet. He read Arabic with A. Schultens, but the latter's obstinacy and jealousy effectively barred Reiske from gaining a doctorate in the philosophical faculty, instead, he was compelled to obtain a medical doctorate in 1746 with a thesis entitled Miscellaneae aliquot observationes medicae ex Arabum monumentis. He returned home, but not inclined to practice medicine, he eked out a scantiy livelihood with private lessons and menial tasks at printers offices. Suspected of latitudinarianism by theologians, he had no chance in university circles, and it was not until 1758 that he obtained an appointment as principal of a secondary school at Leipzig. He was obliged to publish privately. His final publication, in 1765, Proben der arabischen Dichtkunst in verliebten und traurigen Gedichten, aus dem Motanabbi, Arabisch und Deutsch, nebst Anmerkungen, is dedicated to his wife, whom he finally took in marriage in 1764. After he had died of consumption in Leipzig on 14 August 1774, she entrusted his invaluable collection to Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, who was one of the few persons who had appreciated Reiske all along, and who kept it until purchased by Peter F. Suhm. His writings include his autobiography D. Johann Jacob Reiskens von ihm selbst aufgesetzte Lebensbeschreibung (1783), and Johann Jacob Reiske's Briefe, edited by Richard Foerster (1897). He was the most renown German Arabist of the eighteenth century. ADtB, vol. 28, pp. 129-143; DtBE; DtBilnd (7); EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; FOck,pp. 108-124; GdeEnc; Krachkovskii; Pallas; RNl

Reisman, William Michael, born 23 April 1939 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was a graduate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., and, since 1982, a professor of law at Yale University, New Haven, Conn., a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Self-determination in western Somalia (1982), and he was joint author of Jurisprudence; understanding and shaping law (1987). DrAS, 1982 P;

NatFacDr, 1995-2000; WhoAm, 1986-2000; WhoAmL,1983-1992/93

Reisner (Peacaep), Igor' Mikhailovich, born in 1898 at Tomsk, Russia, he received a doctorate in 1952 with a thesis entitled HapooHb/e OaU>KeHUR MHOUU XVII-XVIII ee. u pectteo Oep>Kaab/ Benusoeo Moeona. In 1954 he was appointed a professor. His writings include rteseeucunut) Atpeenucme« (1928), Acpeenuctneu (1929), Ovepru «neccoeoii 60Pb6b/ a MHOUU (1932), and Peseumue C/Jeooanu3Ma u o6pa30aaHue eocyoepcmee y ecpeenuee (1954). He died 7 February 1958. Miliband; Miliband2 Reisner, Marina L'vovna, born 2 January 1954 at Moscow, she graduated at Moscow State University in 1976. Her writings include 3aOnlOlJ,UR «neccineceoc eesenu Ha C/Japcu X-XVI eese (1989). Miliband2 Reissner, Hanns Gunther, born 29 November 1902 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1926 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Mirabeau und seine ItMonarchie prusienne. It He spent the years from 1939 to 1948 in India. Thereafter he was resident in the United States. During the last years of his life he was a professor of history in N.Y.C. His writings include Familie auf Wanderschaft (1926). He died in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1977. BioHbDtE Reissner, Johannes, born in 1947, he studied Islamics and theology at Berlin and Wien, and gained a Dr.phil. in 1978 at the Freie Universltat Berlin with a thesis entitled Ideologie und Politik der MuslimWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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bracer Syriens. He spent several years in Syria, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia before he joined in 1980 the research project, TObinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients. Since 1982, he was a research fellow at the Stftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Ebenhausen.

von Reiswitz, Johann Albrecht Freiherr, born in 1899 at Lugano, Switzerland, to a Prussian officers' family, he had travelled extensively before he served in the war, from which he returned seriously wounded, his eyesight and working ability permanently impaired. In 1918 he began to study at the Universitat Berlin, but following his private interests without any particular goal in mind. This was at first philosophy, but he later also turned to biology, animal psychology, literature and history of art. He received a doctorate in 1922 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Das A-Historische, das Historische und das Anti-Historische in der Philosophie Arthur Schopenhauers. Supported by the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft throughout the 1930s, he pursued studies in Balkan history, with reference to Yugoslavia. From 1942 to his death on 25 July 1962, he was successively a lecturer and professor of Balkan history at MOnchen. His writings include Belgrad-Berlin, Berlin-Belgrad (1936). KOrschner, 1954, 1961; SOdost-Forschungen 23 (1964), pp. 321-323

Reitemeyer, Else, born in 1873, she received a Dr.phil. in 1912 at the Universitat MOnchen with a thesis entitled StadtegrOndungen der Araber im Islam nach den arabischen Historikern und Geographen. Her writings include Beschreibung Agyptens im Mittelalter; aus den geographischen Werken der Araber zusammengestellt (1903). Schwarz Reitlinger, Gerald Roberts, born in 1900 at London. After Christ Church, Oxford, he studied art. He was an editor of Drawing and design, 1927-29, and directed with D. Talbot Rice the 1931-32 Oxford University Expedition to Hira, Iraq. His writings include A tower of skulls; a journey through Persia and Turkish Armenia (1932). He died in 1978. Britlnd (1); Master (4); WhE&EA; Who was who, 7 von Reitzenstein, Alexander Freiherr, born in 1904, he received a Dr.phil. in 1928 at MOnchen with a thesis entitled Das Clemensgrab im Dom zu Bamberg. His writings include Ottheinrich von der Pfalz (1939), Franken (1953), Deutsche Baukunst (1956), FrOhe Geschichte rund um Bamberg (1956), Bamberg (1960), Der Waffenschmied (1964). and Rittertum und Ritterschaft (1972). LC Relzler, Stanislas, born 1 October 1882 in Russia of French-Russian parentage, he came to France with his widowed mother shortly after his father's sudden death in 1884. He grew up at Rehon (Lorraine), and studied at the Sorbonne and l'Ecole des chartes. He became an architecte paleographe and completed his formal education with a doctoral thesis entitled Les censeurs royaux sous I'ancien regime, d'Henri IV a la revolution. In addition, he also took courses at l'Ecole des langues orientales, Paris. The general mobilization in 1914 and the subsequent Russian revolution of 1917 gave his career a different direction. A member of the Societe de geographie since 1913, he turned to journalism and documentation. In 1923 he published the first issue of the Monde colonial tuustr«, a periodical of longevity, which appeared since 1955 entitled Europe-France Outre-mer. His writings include Bibliographies de 'te Geographie" (1931), and he was joint author of Fonctionnement d'un centre de documentation; instructions generales redigees pour les instituts de recherches coloniaux (1946). He died in Villers-les-Nancy, 8 January 1974. Hommes et destins, vol. 4, pp. 597-599

Rejtc5, Sandor (Alexander), born 21 August 1853 at Kassa, Hungary, he was educated at BUdapest and was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Science. His writings include A papiros tart6ssaganak megallapitasa (Budapest, 1907), FOIgy6gyaszat (Budapest, 1922), and Einige Prinzipien der theoretischen mechanischen Technologie der Metalle (Berlin, 1927). He died in Budapest on 4 February 1928. MEL, 1969; Pallas; RNL Rejwan, Nissim B.• born 11 November 1921 at Baghdad, he was an editor of the Histadrut Arabic daily, al- Yawm, and later became a research fellow at the Shiloah Center for Middle Eastern Studies and African Studies, Tel-Aviv. His writings include Nasserist ideology, its exponents, and critics (1974), and The Jews of Iraq; 3000 years of history and culture (1985). Wholsrael,1966/67-1972 Rekhess, Eli (Elie), he received a Ph.D. in history in 1981 from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. He was a sometime senior research fellow at the Dayan Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Tel-Aviv. His writings include A survey of Israeli Arab graduates from institutions of higher learning in Israel, 19611971 (1974), and ha-Kefar ha-tArvi be- Ylsre'et (1985). MESA Roster of members, 1990 Reklajtis, Elzbieta, she was affiliated with the Polska Akademia Nauk. Her writings include Z problem6w integracji i emancypacji kulturowej w Afryce (1987), and she edited Spoleczne i kulturowe uwarunkowania proces6w luonosciowyct: w wybranych krajach posaeuropejskich (1984). LC Reland (Reeland), Adriaan, born 17 July 1676 at de Rijp, he studied at Utrecht and Leiden where he received a doctorate in 1694 with a thesis entitled Dissertation de libertate philosophandi. He was

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successively a professor of Oriental languages at Harderwijk and Utrecht. His writings include De religione Mohammedica libri duo (1705), its translations, Four treatises concerning the doctrine, discipline and worship of the Mahometans (1712), Zwey Bucher von der Torkiscnen oder Mohammedanischen Religion (1717), La religion des Mahometans (1721), and Palaestina ex monumentis veteribus iIIustrata (1714), and its translation, Palestina opgeheldert (1719). He died in Utrecht, 5 February 1718. EncBrit; EncJud; GdeEnc; NieuwNBW Remba, Oded, born in 1931, he was a sometime professor of economics at the City University of New York, and Staten Island Community College, N.Y.C. University. He also was a member of the board of the American Academic Association for Peace in the Middle East. He died in N.Y.C., 6 January 1977. CnDiAmJBi; NYT, 8 January 1977, p. 22, col. 6

Rem iii , Abderrahmane, born first half 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1974 from the Universite de Paris VIII with his thesis, Education et aevetoopement socialiste de l'Algerie. His writings include Les institutions administratives algeriennes (1967), and he edited Tiers-monde et emergence d'un nouvelordre economioue international (Alger, 1975). THESAM,2 Remond, Georges, born 19th cent. His writings include Aux camps turco-arabes; notes de route et de guerre en Tripolitaine et en Cyrenetque (1913), Avec les vaincus; la campagne de Thrace (1913), and La route de I'Abbai Noir; souvenirs d'Abyssinie (1924). NUC, pre-1956 Remond, Martiel, fl. 1927, his writings include Au cceur du pays kabyle (1933), Djurdjura, terre de contraste (1940), and Les Kabylies (1948). NUC, pre-1956 Remondini, Pier Costantino, born in 1830, he was a musician, composer, and an accomplished linguist of classical and modern languages. His writings include Intorno agli organi italiani (Genova, 1879). He died in Genova in 1893. IndBI (3) Ramondon, Denise nee Gerst, born about 1928, she was married to Roger H. A. Rernondon in 1951. She was affiliated with the Institut francais d'archeoloqie orientale. With L. Massignon and Georges Vajda she published Miscellanea (Le Caire, 1954). BN Remondon, Roger Honore Andre, born 9 February 1923 at Saint-Etienne (Loire), he was a graduate of l'Ecole normale superieure and gained a doctorate. From 1949 to 1953 he was a research fellow at the lnstitut d'archeoloqie orientale du Caire. In 1951 he was married to Denise Gerst. He taught Greek at the Faculte des lettres de Paris, 1955-57, ancient history at the Faculte des lettres de Lille, 1960-64, and later served as a directeur a'etuoes in papyrology and Greco-Roman history at l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, Paris. His writings include Papyrus grecs d'Apol/anos Ana (Le Caire, 1953). WhoFr, 1967/68-1971/721 Rempel', Lazar' lzrailevich, born in 1907 at Kishinev, Moldavia, he received a doctorate in history of art in 1963. His writings include naHO)f(apa (1957), Aoxumesmypnut: opnenenm Y36eKumaHa (1961), t1cKyccmao Pycu u Bocmo« KaK ucmopuro-synemypnen u xyooxecmeennen npo6neMa (1969), Ilenexoe u tinusxoe (1981), and Mou coeoeuennueu (1992). Miliband; Miliband 2 ; UzbekSE Rempis, Christian Herrnhold, born 18 August 1901 at Jessingen unter Teck, Germany, he was a school teacher before he studied Oriental languages since 1932 successively at TObingen and Berlin where he gained a Dr.phil. in 1937 with a thesis entitled Die Oberlieferung der Umar-i Hajjam zugeschriebenen Vierzeiler im 13. und 16. Jahrhundert. Returning from a Russian prisoner of war camp, he made a living as an elementary school teacher and concurrently served as a lecturer at the Universitat TObingen until he obtained a professorship in 1950. He died 4 June 1972. Iranistische Mitt/eilungen 7 (1973), pp. 2-10

Remusat, Henry (or Charles), born 26 March 1798 at Aleppo. As a young man, he worked at the French Consulate in Tripoli, Syria, where he held the position of confiance de dragoman. In 1830, while the preparations for the French expedition in Algeria were in progress, he offered his services to the military at Toulon. On 10 May 1830, he was assigned as guide-interprete to the French expeditionary force which debarked a few days later at the beaches of Sidi-Ferruch. He was attached to Marechal Clauzel, General Berthezene and Duc de Rovigo respectively. In 1832 he was charged with the delicate and dangerous mission to proceed first to Bone and, in 1835, to Bougie and lastly, in 1836, to Mostaganem in order to approach Bey Ibrahim concerning the pacification of the region. In 1839 he was put in charge of the Affaires arabes in the Province d'Alger. A year later, he rose to the rank of interprete de 2me classe. He was wounded during the operations against Abd-el-Qader in 1840 and obliged to request a temporary garrison post. He participated in the 1841 Titeri campaign at the side of the Duc de Nemours. On 1st of August, 1843, he rose to the rank of lnterpreie de 1re ciasse, in the capacity of which he rendered valuable service until his retirement in 1863. He was the translator of L'histoire de I'Afrique (1845), by Muhammad ibn Abi ai-Dinar al-Qayrawani [GAL II, 457]. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Many of his numerous translations of Arabic documents and notes were used later by General Daumas in his various books on Algeria. He died after 1865. Feraud, pp. 191-196; Peyronnet, p. 16 Remusat, Jean Pierre Abel, born in 1788 at Paris, he studied medicine and gained a doctorate. Under the influence of Silvestre de Sacy he pursued an interest in Chinese studies and later was elected to the newly established chair of Chinese at the College de France in 1814. He also served as keeper of Oriental manuscripts at the Bibliotheque royale. His writings include Histoire de la ville de Khotan (1820), and Recherches sur les langues tartares (1820). He died in Paris 4 June 1832. BiD&SB; CelCen; Dantes 1; Dezobry; EncBrit; EncicUni; GdeEnc; GSE; Hoefer; Index Islamicus (2); OxFr; Pallas; RNL

Remy, Arthur Frank Joseph, born in 1871, he received a Ph.D. in 1901 at Columbia University for The influence of India and Persia on the poetry of Germany. He was an editor of the Germanic review. He died in 1954. Bioln 1 (2); NYT, 26 October 1954, p. 27, col. 2; NatCAB, vol. 44, p. 334 (not sighted) Remy, Francois, born 5 September 1923 at Nancy, he was a trained medical doctor and a nutrition expert. He served with the ministry of health in Morocco from 1949 to 1960 when he moved successively to the Food and Agriculture Organization and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. His writings include 40 000 enfants par jour; vivre la cause de I'UNICEF (1983). WhoUN, 1975

Remy, Victor Henry Adolphe, born 19th cent., he was a sous intendant militaire second class at Bizerte, Tunisia, in 1904. His writings include Traite de comptabilite publique etudiee au point de vue des tiepenses du depettement de la guerre (Paris, 1894). BN Renan, Ary, born in 1857, he was a painter and an art critic. With his father, Joseph Ernest Renan, he travelled in Syria and the Holy Land. His writings include Costume en France (1890). He died in Paris, in 1900. BelHer; EncicUni; GdeEnc; Vapereau Renan, Joseph Ernest, born in 1823 at Tresnler (C6te-du-Nord), he received a religious education and then entered the Seminaire de Saint-Sulpice, Paris, where he acquired a knowledge of Hebrew, Arabic and Syriac, but he did not enter the priesthood and left the seminary in 1845. His writings include Averroes et t'everrotsme (1852), Vie de Jesus (1862), and L'Antichrist (1873). He died in Paris in 1892. Bioln (8); CelCen; EEE; Egyptology; EncAm; EncBrit; EncicUni; FOck, p. 201; GdeEnc; IndexBFr2 (16); LuthC, 1975; Master (16); Meyers; OxFr; Pallas; RNL

Renard, Edouard, born 19th cent., he gained a doctorate in 1922 at the Unlversite de Toulouse with a these complementeire entitled Bibliographie relative a Louis Blanc. NUC, pre-1956 Renard, G. John, S.J., born 3 November 1944, he was a sometime professor at the Department of Theology at Si. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo., a post which he certainly held from 1995 to 2000. His writings include In the footsteps of Muhammad (1992), and Islam in the heroic age; themes in literature and the visual arts (1993). NatFacDr, 1995-2000 Renaud, Etienne, born 24 October 1936 at Angers, educated at the College Stanislas, Paris, and the Seminaire d'issy-les-Moulineuax, he was a graduate of l'Ecole polytechnique, and ordained in 1966. He was subsequently posted to the Compagnie d'electricite de Tunisie, 1969-72, as an engineer, to the National Electrical Company, North Yemen, 1972-80, as an instructor, and to the Pontifico Istituto di Studi Arabi e d'isiamistica, Roma, 1980-86. Since 1986 he was superior-general of the missionaries in Africa (Peres Blancs). WhoFr, 1988/89-1992)931 Renaud, Henri Paul Joseph, born in 1881 at Aillevillers (Vosges), he was educated at the Iycee de Vesoul and the Faculte des sciences de Nancy. In 1905 he was admitted to l'Ecole du service de sante militaire, Lyon. After his medical doctorate, and a year spent at l'Ecole d'application, Val-deGrace, he was appointed meoecin aide-major with the 16th Infantry Regiment. But he soon succumbed to the lure of Africa. From 1908 to 1910 he served in Algeria, mainly with the Compagnie saharienne du Tidikelt, and from 1910 to 1912, in Morocco, with the French expeditionary force. After the war, General Lyautey found in him a capable man for his pacification and reorganization of Morocco. In 1926 he resigned from the military and later became directeur ti'etuaes in history of Islamic sciences at the Institut des Hautes-Etudes marocaines. He was joint author of Documents marocains pour servir du "Mal franc" (1935), translator of Le calendrier d'lbn al-Banna de Marrakech (1948), and joint editor of Glossaire sur Man'suri des Razes (1941), and Tuhfat al-ahbab (1934), a work which was awarded the Prix Saintour by the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres. He died in Rabat, 5 September 1945. AI-Andalus 10 (1945), p. 465; Hesperis 32 (1945), pp. 1-10 Renaud, Marie Joseph Auguste, born 19th cent., he was an inqenieur hydrographique de 1er classe and joint author of Dispositions generales relatives aux cartes et plans de I'hydrographique ttenceise (1914). BN

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Renaudet, Augustin, born 9 January 1880 at Paris, he studied at the Sorbonne and l'Ecole normale superleure and gained a docteur es lettres in 1916. Before the war, he was a professor at various lycees, and from 1919 he was successively a professor at the faculties of arts and science at Bordeaux, the Sorbonne, and the College de France. He was a member of two Italian academies and was awarded French as well as Italian decorations. His writings include Dante, humaniste (1952), and Erasme et I'/talie (1954). He died 15 November 1958. Dictionnaire biographique fran~ais contenporain, 1954/55; Who's who in France, 1955/56, 1957/58

Renault, Jules, born 19th cent., he was an archaeologist and an officer at the Tunisian Travaux Publiques. His writings include Cahiers d'archeologie tunisienne (1908-1909). He died after 1911. BN Renda, GCmsel, born ca. 1945, she was a chairman at Arkeoloji-Sanat Tarihi Bolurnu in Hacettepe Oniversitesi, Ankara, certainly from 1986 to 1993. Her writings include A history of Turkish painting (1987), she was joint author of Ba§langlclndan buqane gagda§ Turk resim senett tarihi (1980), and she was joint editor of The transformation of Turkish culture; the Ataturk legacy (1986). LC Rendel, Sir George William, born 23 Februray 1889 in Italy, he was a graduate of Queen's College, Oxford, and entered H.M. Diplomatic Service in 1913. He retired in 1950. As head of the Eastern Department of the Foreign Office he was invited by King 'Abd al-'Aziz to visit Saudi Arabia with his wife. As a prelude to his crossing of Saudi Arabia from al-'Uqair to Jiddah by way of Riyadh in late spring of 1937, he took the opportunity to vist Iraq, Kuwait, Bushire and Bahrain on official business. His writings include The sword and the olive; recollections of diplomacy and the Foreign Service, 19131954 (1957). He died in 1979. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 5-8,103; Facey Grant, pp. 85-87; Master (2); Who was who, 7

Renick, M. S., M.A., Ph.D., he was since 1979 a researcher in the Department of History, St. John's College, Agra. His writings include Lord Wellesley and the Indian states (1987). LC Rennell, Francis James Rennell Rodd, Baron, 1895-1978 see Rodd, Francis James Rennell, Baron Rennell, James, born in 1742 in Devon, he lost both parents when quite a boy. He had been at sea as a midshipman for eight years when he was commissioned in the East India Company in 1764 as a surveyor in Calcutta. Two years later, he was promoted to captain and surveyor-general of Bengal. In 1778 he returned to England. He was the father of Indian geography, and for years the chief British geographer, and constantly consulted. His writings include Memoir of a map of Hindoostan (1783). Some of his geographical works were translated into French and German. He died in 1830. Bioln 13; Buckland; DcScS; DNB; Embacher; Geographers 1 (1977), pp. 83-88; Riddick

Rennell, James Rennell Rodd, 1895-1978 see Rodd, Francis James Rennell, Baron Rennel of Rodd Rennell, James Rennell Rodd, Baron, born in 1858, he was a graduate of Balliol College, Oxford, and entered H.M. Diplomatic Service in 1883. His writings include Frederick, crown prince and emperor (1888), The customs and lore of modern Greece (1892), and Social and diplomatic memoirs (1925). He died in 1941. DNB; Who was who, 4 Renner, George Thomas, born 11 July 1900 at Winfield, Kans., he was a graduate of the University of Chicago and received a Ph.D. in 1927 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Primitive religion in the tropical forests. Educated at a time when the rapid pace of world events closed in on space, and brought nations into closer relationship, he sensed the global impact and came to represent a revitalized field of geography. He sought to explain and analyze it in a geographical light. Notwithstanding attention given these broad visions he maintained a busy schedule in the practical world of classrooms, committees, and study desks. He died 14 October 1955. Annals of the Association of

American Geographers 48 (1958), pp. 245-49; Journal of geography 55 (1956), pp. 245-249; Master (2); NYT, 15 October 1955, p. 15, col. 1; WhAm, 3; WhE&EA

Renner, John, fl. 1979, he was a writer on Iranian affairs, and worked in Tehran for the National Iranian Radio and Televison Organization during the final years of the Pahlavi dynasty. Note Renon, A. fl. 1964, he was a Pere Blanc who taught at the Institut des Belles-Lettres Arabes, Tunis. His writings include La moisson (1940), Le mariage (1943), Le mouton (1944), La vivante grammaire; manuel pratique d'arabe dialectal tunisien (Tunis, 1944), and La basse-cour(1946). NUC, pre-1956 Renou, Emilie Jean, born in 1815, he was a geologist, geographer, and meteorologist whose writings include Description geographique de I'empire du Maroc (1846), and Geologie de I'Algerie (1848). He died in 1902. Dantes 1; NUC, pre-1956 Renouard, Alfred, born 21 September 1848 or 1849 at Lille, he gained diplomas at Paris and then returned to his home town to become an industrialist. Concurrently he served as a founding officer of Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Renouard, George Cecil, Rev., born 7 September 1780 at Stamford, Lincolnshire, he was a classical scholar, and gained an intimate knowledge of Arabic, Turkish, and Hebrew during his stay in the East. He served as chaplain to the British embassy at Constantinople, 1804-1806, and to the factory at Smyrna, 1811-1814. From 1815 to 1821 he was professor of Arabic at Cambridge. He died in 1867. DcBiPP; DNB; Egyptology

Renouvin, Pierre Eugene Georges, born 3 January 1893 at Paris, he was educated at the Lycee Louis-Ie-Grand and the Faculties of Law and Letters in Paris. He received a diploma in law and his agregation in history and geography in 1912. He served in the Great War as an infantry souslieutenant and had his left arm amputated and his right hand mutilated. After the war he taught at lycees until 1920 when he was appointed keeper at the library of the Muses de la Guerre; from 1935 to 1938 he served as its director. After he had gained a doctorate in 1921 with a thesis entitled Les Assembiees provinciales de 1787, he was concurrently and successively a lecturer and professor at the Sorbonne and l'I~cole des sciences politiques. From 1955 to 1958 he was dean of the Faculte des lettres de Paris. His writings include Les questions mediterreneennes de 1904 a 1914 (1954), Les crises du XXe siecie (1957-58), its Persian translation, Burhan'ha-yi qarn-i bistum (1978), La premiere guerre mondiale (1965), and its Turkish translation Birinci dOnya seves! tarihi (1968). He died 8 December 1974. DBFC, 1954/55; Salses; TB, 1969; WhAm, 6; Who was who, 7 Renty, Ernest Amedee de, born 19th cent. he was a general staff officer in 1914. His writings include Les chemins de fer coloniaux en Afrique (1903-1905), and L 'Angleterre en Afrique (1910). NUC, pre1956; Sezgin

Rentz, George Snavely, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1948 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Muhammad ibn 'Abd a/-Wahhab and the beginnings of unitarian empire in Arabia, 1702/03-1792. He subsequently was chief of the Research Division of the Relations Department of the Arabian American Oil Company, Dhahran. In 1980 he was a visiting scholar at the School for Advanced International Studies in Johns Hopkins University. MEJ,1950; Selim Renzi, William Albert, born 1 March 1941 at Baltimore, Md., he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from the University of Maryland, College Park, for In the shadow of the sword; Italy's neutrality and entrance into the Great War, 1914-1915. Since 1973 he was a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. His writings include Never look back; a history of World War /I in the Pacific (1991). DrAS 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H

de Reparaz, Gonzalo, born in 1860 at Oporto, he was a Catalan historian, geographer, and publicist. His writings include Polftica de Espana en Africa (1907). He died in Mexico a few days after his arrival as a refugee in 1939. Isis 37 (1947), p. 81 de Reparaz Ruiz, Gonzalo, born in 1901 in Spain. After father and son lost their rich libraries during the civil war, he established in Bordeaux, where he continued his studies of Hispanic history and literature. His writings include La epoce de los grandes descubrimientos espenoies y portugeses (1931). Isis 37 (1947), p. 81

Repiczky (Repicky), Janos, born 23 April 1817 at Uj-Bars (Novy Tekov), Hungary, he was educated at Bratislava, and studied Oriental languages at TObingen and Wien. From 1850 until his death in 1855, he was a lecturer in Turkish, Persian, and Sanskrit at the University of Pest. Apart from Turkish and Persian linguistic researches, he published a Hungarian translation of Ottoman documents relating to Hungary, entitled Nagy-Karas varosa torok levelei (Kecskemeten, 1859). He died in Pest, 25 March 1855. AAS (Bratislava) 16 (1980), p. 10; RNL Repoux, Frederic Henri, born 29 June 1876 at Autun (Sa6ne-et-Loire), he was privately educated. After passing through the military college, Saint-Cyr, he was posted to the 3rd Infantry Regiment at Nice. He served as a colonial officer in French West Africa and was killed in a skirmish with the Ould AIda in the Adrar region in 1908. Hommes et destins vol. 9, pp. 398-405 Repp, Gertraud, born 24 November 1915 in Austria. After gaining a doctorate, she joined the Universitat Wien in 1945 and was appointed in 1964 a professor of plant physiology, specializing in the ecology of arid regions. In the service of the U.N.O. and Unesco, she carried on several irrigation studies in the Third World. KUrschner, 1954-19921.WhoAustria, 1982/83 Repp, Richard Cooper, born in first half of the 20th cent., he received a D.Phil. in 1966 at Oxford with a thesis entitled An examination of the origins and development of the office of sheikh aI-Islam in the Ottoman Empire. He was a lecturer in Turkish history at Oxford, and a fellow of Linacre College. His Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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writings include The mafti of Istanbul; a study in the development of the Ottoman learned hierarchy (1986). DrBSMES,1993; Sluglett

Resai, Mohammed Ismail, born 4 May 1930 at Kabul. After a short term with the Ministry of Finance, his authorities sent him for higher education to Europe. He successively studied at ZOrich, Heidelberg and Bonn where he received a doctorate in 1958 with a thesis entitled Struktur und Entwicklungsmoglichkeiten der Wirtschaft von Afghanistan. Thesis

Resat Enis, 1909- see Aygen, Resat Enis

Resch, Walther Franz Egberg, born 3 April 1927 at Wien, he was a trained banker and worked for the World Bank and Unesco until 1964 when he started an academic teaching career successively at Graz, Frankfurt am Main, and Gie~en, specializing in foreign aid and Third World development, with special reference to Africa. His writings include Die Felsbilder Nubiens; eine Dokumentation (1967), Das Rind in der Felsbilddarstellung Nordafrikas (1967), and Ruraler Hausbau in Entwicklungslandern (1972). KOrschner, 1970-1992; WhoAustria, 1982/83 Rescher, Nicholas, born Klaus Helmut Erwin Rescher, 15 July 1928 at Hagen, Germany, he gained a Ph.D. in 1951. From 1965 to 1995 he was a professor at the Department of Philosophy in the University of Pittsburgh. His writings include Studies in the history of Arabic logic (1963), The Development of Arabic logic (1964), and The Coherence theory of truth (1973). ConAu 21-24, new rev., 12; Directory of American scholars, 1974 P, 1978 P, 1982 P; International who's who, 1993-2002; Biography and genealogy master index (6); National faculty directory, 1995

Rescher, Oskar, born 1 October 1883, at Stuttgart, Germany, he studied at MOnchen and Berlin, where he gained a Dr.phil. in 1909 with a thesis entitled Studien abet Ibn Ginni und sein Verhaltnis zu den Theorien der Basri und Bagdadi. Thereafter he pursued an interest in Arabic literature. As a result of his war-time military duties he published excerpts from the letters of Moroccan prisoners of war. In 1919 he completed his formal studies at the Universltat Breslau with a Dr.habil. thesis entitled Studien aber den Inhalt von 1001 Nacht, and became a professor. Some three years later he drastically changed his life. For unknown reasons, obviously on account of grievances, he abandoned his German university career, settled in Istanbul, and became a Turkish citizen in 1937, assuming the name of Osman Reser, At the same time he converted from his Jewish faith to Islam, but he continued to published in German. His later writings were all published privately in editions of well under one hundred copies. He lived in more than modest circumstances, surrounded by his cats, and isolated from colleagues, with the exception of Hellmut Ritter. He died in Istanbul, 26 March 1972. He is the subject of an M.A. thesis by Susanne Auer-Faraut submitted in 1982 at Strasbourg and entitled Oskar Rescher - Osman Re§er, 1883-1972; biographie, liste des publications. Der Islam 61 (1984), pp. 1213; KOrschner, 1926-1935

Reser, Osman, 1883-1972 see Rescher, Oskar

Reshetov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, born 1 August 1932 in Russia, he graduated in 1956 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad. Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Schoeberlein Reshetov, Viktor Vasil'evich, born 10 (23) March 1910 at Tashkent. His writings include CoepeuenHbll1 y36eKcKul1 seu« (1946), and he edited Bonpocu Y36eKcK020 muxosnenu« (1954), Y36eK oueneumonoeuncuoen ssemepuennep (1957), and Iluneeucmuuecnia C60pHUK (1971). LC; UzbekSE Reshtia, Sayed Qassem, 1913- see Rishtiya, Sayyid Qasim Resmi, Ahmet Efendi, 1700-1783 see Ahmed Resmi Efendi, Giridi Retif, Andre, born in 1914, his writings include Introduction a la doctrine pontificale des missions (Paris, 1953), Catholicite (1956), and its translations, The Catholic spirit (1956), and Was ist katholisch? (1962). LC; NUC, pre-1956 Retovskii (PeToBcK~~/Retowski), Otto F., 1849-1925. (c1905, 1982). LC

His writings include Die Manzen der Geri

Reuchlin, Hermann, born 9 January 1810 at Markgronningen, Germany. After completing his theological studies, he travelled extensively in Europe and retained a lifelong interest in history. Since 1842 he was a pastor in WOrttemberg. His writings include Geschichte Italiens von der Grandung der regierenden Dynastien bis zur Gegenwart (1859-1873), and its translation, Storia d'ltalia dalla fondazione delle dinastie regnanti sino al presente (1861-63). He died in Stuttgart, 11 May 1873. ADtB, vol. 28, p. 280 Reumont, Alfred von, born in 1808 at Aachen, Germany, he studied medicine and concurrently pursued an interest in history and literature. He was a historian and diplomat. His writings include

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209 Aachens Liederkranz und Sagen welt (1829), Andrea del Sarto (Firenze, 1835), and Beitrage zur italienischen Geschichte (1853-57). He died in 1887. BiD&SB; DtBiind (10); EncBrit; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; Master

Reuning, Karl, born 27 February 1889 at ROsselsheim, Germany, he gained a doctorate at the Universitat Gief1en in 1910. He was a teacher at the German school (Alman Lisesi) in Constantinople from 1921 to 1923. From 1931 to his retirement he was a professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College, Pa. His writings include Joy and Freude; a comparative study (1941). BioHbDtE; Klirschner, 1954-19921 Reusch, Richard, Dr., born in 1892, he was a German Lutheran missionary to the Massai in East Africa in 1950. His writings include Der Islam in Ostafrika, mit besonderer BerOcksichtigung der muhammadanischen Geheimorden (1931), and History of East Africa (1954). GV Reuschel, Wolfgang, born 16 November 1924 at Leipzig, he studied Oriental languages at Halle and Leipzig, and library science at Berlin. He gained doctorates at Leipzig with theses entitled AI-Halil b. Ahmad, der Lehrer Sibawaihs, als Grammatiker (1957), and Aspekt und Tempus in der Sprache des Korans (1969). From 1960 to his retirement in 1989 he held the chair of Arabic at the Universitat Leipzig. He died in Leipzig, 18 September 1991. AALA, 19 (1991), pp.1151-1152; Schwarz; ZDMG, 142 (1992), pp.256-261

Reuss, Eduard Wilhelm Eugen, born 18 July 1804 at Strasbourg, he studied theology and received a doctorate in 1829 at Strasbourg with a thesis entitled Dissertation Polemica de libris V. T. Apocryphis perperam plebi negatis. From 1872 to his retirement in 1888 he was dean of the EvangelischTheologische Fakultat, StraBburg. His writings include Histoire du canon des selnts-ecrltures dans I'eglise ohretienne (1863), and its translations, Die Geschichte der Heiligen Schriften Alten Testaments (1880), and History of the canon of the Holy Scriptures (1884). He died in StraBburg, 15 April 1891. BiD&SB; DtBE; EncBrit; Encltaliana; EncJud; GdeEnc; LuthC, 1975; NDBA

Reut, Marguerite, fl. 1973, she received a doctorate in 1976 from the Universite de Paris with her thesis, Elevage du ver a soie et artisanat de la soie a Herat. Her writings include La soie en Afghanistan (1983), a work which she originally submitted as her thesis; and she translated from the Persian of Burhan ai-Din Kushkaki, Qataghan et Badakhshan (1979). THESAM,4 Reuter, Ernst, born in 1889 in Germany, he was a lord mayor of West Berlin, and one of the most eminent German leaders of the immediate post-war period. He made himself a name by fearless and merciless denunciations of communist tyranny. He had suffered imprisonment for his social democrat views in the 1930's. When threatened with a third arrest he escaped to Turkey where he taught municipal administration. He was joint author of Belediye maliyesi (istanbul, 1945). He died in Berlin, 29 September 1953. DtBE; DtBilnd (7); Master (2); ObitT, 1951-1960; Wer ist wer, 1948; Widmann Reuther, Hans, born 21 November 1920 at Berlin, he received a doctorate in 1947 from the Universitat Erlangen with a thesis entitled Des steirischen Baumeisters Joseph Huebers Weizbergkirche und die verwandten theatralisch-dekorativen Raumwirkungen im Sakralbau. He was affiliated with the Bayerische Akademie der Schonen KOnste, and from 1957 to 1966 in charge of regional architectural conservation at Hannover, and from 1966 to his retirement in 1986, a professor of architecture at the Technische Unlversitat Berlin. He died in Berlin in March of 1989. Kurschner, 1954-1987 Reuther, Oskar, born 20 October 1880 at Hemer, Westpahlia, Germany, he received a doctorate at the Technische Hochschule Dresden in 1910 with a thesis entitled Das Wohnhaus in Bagdad und anderen steoten des Irak. He was a sometime professor of architecture at Heidelberg. His writings include OcheTdir; nach Aufnahmen von Mltgliedern der Babylon-Experdition (1912), Indische Palaste und wonnneuser (1925), and Die Innenstadt von Babylon, Merkes (1926). He died in Heidelberg, 5 August 1954. Klirschner, 1950, 1954; Schwarz; Wer ist wer, 1955 Reutt, Georges, born 15 July 1915 at Piatigorsk, he was educated at Paris, and studied at I'lnstitut agricole and the Faculte des lettres d'Alger. He received a diploma in agricultural engineering and a doctorate in human geography. He was a director of agricultural institutions in Algeria until 1962 and subsequently in metropolitan France. Concurrently he served as a technical consultant to Peru. His writings include L'exoetience sioniste (1948), a work which was originally submitted as a thesis, and La region agricole de Sidi-bel-Abbes (1949). WhoFr, 1967/68-1971/721 Revah, Israel Salvatore, born 16 April 1917 at Berlin, he was a graduate of the Lycee Louis-Ie-Grand and the Faculte des lettres de Paris. He was a lifelong professor of Spanish at French universities, culminating in his appointment to a chair at the College de France in 1966. From 1946 to 1948 he was a research fellow in Lisboa. He died 26 February 1973. EncJud; WhoFr, 1969/70-1973/74 Revault, Jacques, born 26 August 1902 at Saint-Germain-du-Val (Sarthe), he was educated at La Fleche and then studied at l'Ecole nationale des Beaux-Arts and l'Ecole des Arts Decoratits, Paris. He Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

210 went in 1924 to Morocco where, under the influence of Prosper Ricard, he began the resuscitation of popular arts and crafts in Rabat, Sale, and Meknes. As deputy director of the Centre regional d'arts marocains at Meknes, he discovered the world of the Berber of the Central Atlas Mountains. Years later, he was invited to go to Tunis, where the establishment of the Service des metiers et arts traditionnels owed much to his endeavours. When Tunisia achieved its independence he stayed on until his retirement. He spent his last years as an active member of the Groupe de Recherche et d'Etudes sur Ie Proche Orient at Aix-en-Provence, where he died on 8 September 1986. His writings include Palais et residents d'ete de la region de Tunis (1974), L'habitation tunisoise (1976), Le Fondouk des Frangais et les consuls de France a Tunis (1984), Palais, demeures et maisons de plaisance a Tunis et ses environs (1984), and he was joint author of Tapis tunisiens (1937). Annuaire de I'Afrique du Nord 25 (1986), 611-612; ROMM 41-42 (1986), pp. 413-415

Revell, Ernest John, born 15 April 1934 at Bangladore, India, he graduated at Trinity College in the University of Toronto with the class of 1956 and received a Ph.D. in 1962. He subsequently became a professor of Near and Middle Eastern civilizations at Victoria College, Toronto, Ont., a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Hebrew texts with Palestinian vocalization (1970), and Biblical texts with Palestinian pointing and their accents (1977). Canadian, 1981-2000; NatFacDr, 1995-2000 Revelli-Beaumont, Paolo, born 8 May 1871 at Torino. After he had gained a doctorate in letters and philosophy, he successively became a professor of geography at Genova and Milano. His writings include L'Egeo (1912), Italia e if mare di Levante (1917), La oenslts della popolazione nella storia della geografia (1936), and /I Genovese (1915). He died in 1956. Casati; em», 1928-1957; Rovito Reventlow, Ernst Christian Einar Ludwig Detlef Graf zu, born 18 August 1869 at Husum, Germany, he was a navy officer who was obliged to resigned his commission after publishing his book, Der Kaiser und die Monarchisten, in 1913. Since 1920 he was editor of the nationalist Reichswart. His writings include Politische Vorgeschichte des Grotsen Krieges (1919). He died in MOnchen, 21 November 1943. DtBE; DtBilnd (7); EncTR; Wer ist's, 1922-1935; the reference to NYT, 22 November 1943, p. 19, cannot be ascertained

Reventlow, Rolf, fl. 1960, his writings include Spanien in diesem Jahrhundert (1968), and Zwischen Alliierten und Bolschewiken (1969). LC Reverdy, Jean Claude, born 3 August 1933 at Fontaine-Grenoble, he studied at Alger and Paris and became affiliated with the Centre algerien de sciences humaines appliquees, Alger. He was a sociologist and urbanist whose writings include Habitations nouvelles et urbanisation rapide (1963), Une societe rurale au Senegal (1967), and he was joint author of L'administration locale du devetoppement rural au Senegal (1964). Unesco Reverier, Jean-Loup, born about 1949, he was a journalist for I'Unite and a joint author of L'lran contre Ie Ctien (1979), and its translation, Persien; Aufbruch ins Chaos (1979). Revilla Vielva, Ramon, fl. 1924, his writings include Catalogo de las antigOedades que se conservan en el Patio erebe del Museo aequeol6gico nacional (1932), Manifestaciones artisticas en la Catedral de Palencia (1945), and Camino de Santiago; pueblos enclavados en la Provincia de Palencia (1963)., Reville, Albert, born 4 November 1826 at Dieppe, he was a pastor of the French Protestant Church and served in France and Rotterdam. In 1862 he received a doctorate at Leiden. He acquired a high reputation as a lecturer in both France and England, where he delivered the Hibbert lectures in 1884 on The Origins and growth of religion, as illustrated by the native religions of China and Peru. In 1880 he was appointed to the newly established chair of history of religions at the College de France. His writings include Jesus de Nazareth (1897). He died in Paris, 25 October 1906. CelCen; Curinier, vol. 1, p. 103; Dantes 1; Glaeser; LuthC, 1975; Master (1); Vapereau

Revillon, Albert, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1906 at Paris with a thesis entitled

L'assistance aux vieillards, infirmes et incurables en France; la loi du 14 juillet 1905. BN

Revire, Jean, fl. 1961, his writings include Perdons-nous la Sarre? (Paris, 1930). Revoil, Georges, born in 1852, he was in Aden from 1877 to 1878 in order to make lengthy preparations for the exploration of northern Somali/and, but he was unable to penetrate into the interior. His writings include Voyages au Cap des Aromates (1880), Faune et flore des pays comelis (1882), La veltee du Darror; voyage aux pays comelis (1882), and Dix mois a la cote orientale d'Afrique (1888). He later was a French consul at Asuncion where he died in 1894. Embacher; Henze Revol, Joseph Fortune, general, fl. 1970, his writings include Le vice des coalitions; etudes sur Ie haut commandement en Cnmee, 1854-1855 (1923), Histoire de I'armee trenceise (1929), La victoire de

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211 Macedoine (1931), Chronique de guerre, 1939-1945 (1945), and La guerre en montagne au XXe siecle (1956). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Revusky (Revutsky), Abraham, born 12 February 1889 at Smiela, Ukraine, he studied mathematics, political economy, and languages in Russia and Austria. He started his journalistic career with an article on the Turkish revolution of 1908. He went to Palestine in 1919, but his anti-Mandatory writings resulted in his arrest and subsequent expulsion. After a brief stay in Berlin he went to the U.S.A. where he was resident since 1924. His writings include Jews in Palestine (1935), its translation, Les Juifs en Palestine (1938), and The Histadrut (1938), and Yidn in Erets Israel (New York, 1947). He died in Yonkers, N.Y., 8 February 1946. CnDiAmJBi; EncJud; Master (1); NYT 9 February 1946, p. 13, col. 5; Wininger Rex, Friedemann, born 18 December 1931 at Pforzheim, Germany, he received a Dr.phil.nat. in 1966 at Frankfurt am Main with a thesis entitled Chrysipps Mischungs/ehre , and a Dr.habil. in 1972 with his thesis entitled Zur theoretischen und praktischen Behandlung der Naturprozesse in der frilharabischen Wissenschaft der Gabir-Schriften. From 1973 to his retirement he was a professor of history of natural sciences at the Universltat TObingen. His writings include Zur Theorie der Naturprozesse in der frilhll arabischen Wissenschaft; das llKitab al-Ihrag ilbersetzt und erklart (1975). KOrschner, 1976-19921 Rey, A., from Cyprus, fl. 1840-1844, his writings include Souvenird'un voyage au Maroc (Paris, 1844). Rey, Alexis, born 26 September 1854 at Lyon, he was educated at lycees in Tournon, Montpellier, and Marseille, and received a diploma from l'Ecole nationale superleure des Mines. He was a civil engineer and a railway administrator on the lines Damascus-Hamah, Saloniki-Constantinople, and Smyrna-Sassaba. His writings include Statistique des principaux resuiteis de I'exploitation des chemins de fer de I'empire Ottoman pendant I'exercises 188- (n.d.), Note sur la machine a tunnels de M. Brunton (1881), and L'eme de la patrie (1917). BN; NUC, pre-1956; Quietes-vous, 1924 Rey, Amedee Jacques, born 3 January 1827 at Larnaca, Cyprus, he was an interpreter in the Corps des interpretes and rose from the rank of lnterprete temporaire (25 June 1846) to interprete titulaire de 2e classe (18 March 1863); he was awarded chevalier de la Legion d'honneur(12 March 1866). Feraud, p.344

Rey, Annie, fl. 1978, she was a lecturer at the Universite de Reims. Note Rey, Emmanuel Guillaume, baron, born in 1837, his writings include Voyage dans Ie Haouran et aux bords de la mer Morte execute pendant les ennees 1857 et 1858 (1861), Etude sur les monuments de I'architecture militaire des croises en Syrie et dans t'tte de Chypre (1871), and Les colonies franques de Syrie aux Xlle et XI/Ie siecte (1883). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Rey, Francis, fl. 1914, he received a doctorate in 1899 at Paris with a thesis entitled De la protection diplomatique et consulaire dans les echelles du Levant et de Barbarie. NUC, pre-1956 Rey-Goldzeiguer, Annie, fl. 1963, her writings include Le royaume arabe; la politique algerienne de Napoleon III, 1861-1870 (1977). LC Reychman, Jan Antoni Wactaw, born 19 February 1910 at Warszawa., he studied history and Oriental languages at Warszawa. Returning from a Polish refugee camp in Balatonboqlar, Hungary, after the war, he became a professor of Turkish and Iranian studies. He was a honorary member of the Korosi Csoma Society. His writings include Mahomet i swie: muzulmafJski (1958), Orient w kulturze po/skiego oswiecente (1964), Dzieje Turcji od kofJca XVIII wieku (1970), Historia Turcji (1973), and he was joint author of Zarys dyplomatyki osmafJsko-tureckiej (1955), and its translation, Handbook of OttomanTurkish diplomatics (1968). He died 11 January 1975. Acta orientalia Hungaricae 30 (1976), pp. 251-53; 1.1. (2); Czy wiesz; Dziekan; NEP; PSB

Reyes Morales, Roberto, born 10 July 1909 in Mexico, he gained a doctorate in law at Madrid and became an attorney at Cortes. His writings include Africa negra (,sera communista? (1967). Figuras de

hoy, 1956

Reygasse, Clement Germain Marie Maurice, fl. 1912. In 1932 he was a lecturer at the Faculte des lettres d'Alger. His writings include Nouvelles etudes de palethnologie maghrebine (Constantine, 1921), Contribution a t'etuae des gravures rupestres et inscriptions tifinar' du Sahara central (Alger, 1932), and Monuments funeraires preistemtaues de I'Afrique du nord (1950). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Reynald, Hermile, born 13 September 1828 at Pradieres (Ariege), he was a student at l'Ecole normale and l'Ecole francaise d'Athenes, Returning to France, he first taught at lycees and then successively at the universities of Poitiers, Caen, and Aix-en-Provence. Although he received two doctorates in literature in 1856 with theses entitled Libertati apud veteres GrCBciCB populos quid defuerit, and Samuel Johnson; etudes sur sa vie et ses principaux ouvrages, he early pursued almost exclusively historical Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

212 researches. His writings include Recherches sur ce qui manquait a la liberte dans les republtques de la Grece (1861), Histoire de I'Espagne (1873), and Succession d'Espagne (1883). He died in Aix-enProvence, 22 July 1883. t.amathlere

Reynard, Joachim Mathieu, fl. 1880. His writings include L'arbre (1904).

BN

Reynardson, Henry Thomas Birch, born in 1892, he was an army officer who served in India and Mesopotamia and advanced to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. His writings include Mesopotamia, 19141915, extracts from a regimental officer's diary (1919), Black coffee (1927), and High street Africa (1936). He died in 1972. Britind (1); Who was who, 7 Reynaud, Charles, 1821-1853, his writings include D'Athenes a Baalbek, 1844 (1846).

NUC, pre-1956

Reynaud, Jean Gabriel Irenee, commandant, born 19th cent., he translated from the German of Wilhelm ROstow, La question d'Orient; histoire de la peninsule des Balkans (1888). He died after 1912 BN; NUC, pre-1956

Reynaud, Pierre Louis, born 9 March 1908 at Besancon. After the completion of his legal studies at Lyon and Paris he was successively a lecturer and professor at Alger, Nancy, and Strasbourg. In 1960 he was appointed deputy director of the Centre des hautes etudes europennes de Strasbourg, and later served as director of the Laboratoire economique. His writings include Le facteur humain dans t'evoiution economioue (1942), Economie politique et psychologie expenmentele (1946), and La psychologie economique (1954). NONC, 5e ed. (1968) Reyner, Anthony Stephen, born 15 June 1912 at Tabor, Austria, he received a Dr.jur. in 1935 at Praha. Since 1946 he was a professor, and later chairman, the Department of Geography, Howard University. For several years he was also a consultant on international boundaries to the U. S. Department of State. AmM&WS, 1973 P; Master (2); Unesco Reynier, Jean Louis Ebenezer, general, born in 1771 at Lausanne, he served in the French army and participated in the French expedition to Egypt where he was instrumental in the defeat of the Janissaries in 1800. He later served in the French army on the continent. His writings include De I'Egypte epres la bataille d'Heliopolis (1802), and its translations, Campaign between the French Army of the East and the British and Turkish forces in Egypt (1802), and Ober Agypten nach der Schlacht bei Heliopolis (1802). He died in Paris 1814. EncicUni; GdeEnc; IndexBFr 2 (7); Meyers Reynier, Jean Louis Francois Antoine, general, born 25 July 1762 at Lausanne, he initially pursued an interest in botany and rural economy. Through the good offices of his brother Ebenezer, he became attached to the Armes expeditlonnalre d'Eqypte with the rank of director of Revenus en Nature et du Mobilier National. His writings include De L'Egypte (1807), De l'economie pUblique et rurale des Perses et des Pneniciens (1819), De l'economie publique et rurale des Arabes et des Juifs (1820), De l'economie publique et rurale des Egyptiens et des Carthaginois (1823), and the translation, Die Landwirtschaft der alten Volker, mit AusschlufJ der Romer (1833). He died in Lausanne, 17 December 1824. Hoefer; IndexBFr 2 (4) Reyniers, Francois Louis Marie, born 13 December 1902 at Auxerre (Yonne), he studied at the Sorbonne. After passing through the military college at Saint-Cyr, he was posted to Morocco from 1926 to 1930. He retired with the rank of colonel. His writings include Taougrat; ou les Barbares, reconies per eux-metnes (1930). He died 6 February 1976. WhoFr, 1955/56-1975/76 Reysoo, Fenneke, born in 1957, she studied at the Universite de Neuchatel, and gained a doctorate in 1988 at the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen with a thesis entitled Des moussems du Maroc; une approche anthropologique des fetes patronales. She later became a lecturer at the Instituut voor Culturele en Socia Ie Anthropologie at Nijmegen. She repeatedly conducted field work in Morocco. Her writings include Pelerinages au Maroc; fetes, politiques et echange dans /'islam populaire (1991). Brinckman's

Rezun, Miron, born 20 December 1950. In 1995, he was a professor at the Department of Political Science in the University of New Brunswick, Frederickton, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include The Iranian crisis of 1941 (1982), Intrigue and war in Southwest Asia (1992), Europe and war in the Balkans (1995), and he edited Iran at the crossroads (1990), and Nationalism and the breakup of an empire; Russia and its periphery (1992). LC Rezvanian, M. Hassan, born 20th cent., his writings include Grains d'humeur et de sagesse persane; proverbes et dictons (1976), a work which was originally presented as a doctoral thesis at the Universite de Paris III in 1973. He is also said to have published in 1992 Les Quatrains du sage Omar Khayyam de Nlchepour. LC

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Rhea, Samuel Audley, Rev., born 23 1827 in Tennessee, he served as a missionary to the Nestorians first at Gawar (Guever) and then at Urmia, Kurdistan, from 1851 to his death in 1865 at Urmia. Dwight Whitney Marsh, a fellow missionary, wrote a biography, The Tennesseean in Persia and Koordistan, being scenes and incidents in the life of Samuel Audley Rhea (1869). Amlndex (1); NUC, pre-1956; Shavit Rhein, Eberhard, Dr., fl. 1966, his writings include Moglichkeiten und Probleme staatlicher Investitionsplanung in der Marktwirtschaft (1906), and he was joint author of Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Afghanistans, 1880-1965 (1966). Rhein, Ernst, born 19th cent., he was joint author of Geschichte des Infantrie-Regiments Nr. 368 und der Brigande-Ersatz-Bataillone Nr. 37, 38, 39 und 40 wenrem: des Weltkrieges 1914-1918 (Hannover, 1930). GV Rheinstein, Max, born 5 July 1899 at Bad Kreuznach, Germany, he studied law at Munchen and gained a doctorate in 1924 at Munchen with a thesis entitled Storung der freien Erwerbstatigkeit durch rechtswiderige Beeinflussung Dritter. In 1933 he went as a Rockefeller fellow to the United States. Since 1937 he was a professor of comparative law at Chicago. He also was a visiting professor at universities at home and abroad. His writings include Struktur des vertraglichen Schuldverhaltnisses im anglo-amerikanischen Recht (1932), Conflict of laws (1940), and Marriage stability, divorce and the law (1972). He died 9 July 1977 in Austria. BioHbDtE; ConAu,73-74; DtBE; Master (1) Rhetore, Jacques, born 21 August 1841 at the diocese of Bourges (Cher), he entered in 1860 the Dominican novitiate at Saint-Maximen (Var). In 1870, he was maitre des novices at the monastery of Mazeres (Gironde), and in the following year, he was appointed prior of the monastery of Corbara, Corsica. It was not until 1874 that his repeated request for missionary work was finally granted and he was posted to Mosul where he arrived on 12 September 1874. He was put in charge of elementary French reading and writing instruction at the mission school until he became vicar of the mountainous region of Mar Yacoub. In 1879, he became head of the Mosul Mission. From 1894 to 1897 he taught Oriental languages at l'Ecole biblique de Jerusalem, returning to Mosul in 1898, after journeying to Roma and France. From then on he served under unbelievable hardship at Van, Mar Yacoub, and Achitha until expelled by the Turkish authorities in 1914. Aged seventy-three, he was taken hostage and deported to Konya. After the war, he returned at the end of 1919 once more to Mosul where he died on 12 March 1921. His writings include Grammaire de la langue soureth, ou, cnetaeen vulgaire selon Ie dialecte de la plaine de Mossoul et les pays adjacents (Mossoul, 1912). Actes du 80e Congres des Societes savants, Lille, 1955, pp. 492-502; Annee dominicaine 57 (1921), p. 359

Rhinelander, Anthony Laurens Hamilton, born 16 August 1940 at Boston, he graduated from Yale University with the class of 1963 and received a Ph.D. in 1972 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The incorporation of the Caucasus into the Russian empire; the case of Georgia, 1801-1854. Since 1975 he was a professor at the Department of History in St. Thomas University, Frederickton, N.B., a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Prince Michael Vorontsob, viceroy to the tsar (1990). DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 2000 Rhins, Jules Leon Dutreuil de, 1846-1894 see Dutreuil de Rhins, Jules Leon Rhodes, F. Herbert, born 19th cent., he went to China in 1895 as a missionary under the China Inland Mission. He was married to E. Boston at Shanghai on 19 March 1901. In 1914 he was posted to Chefoo, and in March 1920 he travelled to Canada. In 1940, he was on the home staff of the C.I.M. in Canada. Chinese recorder, Lodwick Rhodes, Nicholas G., fl. 1976, he was an actuary, working in international reinsurance, and he was a joint author of The coinage of Nepal, from the earliest times to 1911 (London, 1989). lC Rhodokanakis, Nikolaus, born 18 April 1876 in Egypt, he studied law, Oriental languages and Islamic history at Wien where he gained a first doctorate in 1897 with a thesis entitled Einleitung und 1. Kapitel des "Kutt: es-surur fi wasf el-humur, " by Ibn al-Raqiq al-Qayrawani. After his second doctorate in 1903, he pursued further studies in Arabic at Constantinople and Cairo. Since 1907 he was a professor of Semitic languages, with special reference to Sabaean linguistics, at the Universitat Graz.. His writings include Studien zur Lexikographie und Grammatik des AltsOdarabischen (1915-1931). He died in Graz, 30 December 1945. DtBE; Fock,259-260; KOrschner, 1925-1940/41; CBl; Werist's, 1922-1937 Rhotert, Hans, born 20 September 1900 at Hannover, he gained a doctorate in fine arts in 1927 at Munchen with a thesis entitled Ephraim Moses Kuh. He was a sometime director at the Linden Museum, Stuttgart. His writings include Felsbilder aus Wadi Ertan und Wadi Tarhoscht (1981), and he was joint author of Transjordanien; vorgeschichtliche Forschungen (1938), and Rock art of the Jebel Uweinat (1978). Unesco Riad, Fouad Abdel Moneim, 1928- see Riyad, Fu'ad 'Abd al-Mun'im Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Riad (Riyad), Mahmoud, born 8 January 1917 in Egypt, he was a member of the Free Officers coup that ousted King Farouk. He was a sometime Minister of Foreign Affairs, ambassador, and secretarygeneral of the Arab League. He died of a heart attack in Cairo in 1992. Bidwell 2 ; Goldschmidt; MideE, 1982/83; WhoArab, 1968; WRMEA 10 viii (March 1992), p. 97

Riad, Mohamed Abdel Moneim, born about 1895 in Egypt, he was a graduate of the National University, Cairo, and he gained a doctorate in 1936 at the Sorbonne with a thesis entitled La nationalite egyptienne; etude de droit compare. For several years he was a professor of private international law at the Faculty of Law in the Egytian University, Cairo, and one of the founders of the Egyptian Society for International Law. He died in his fifties in Cairo on 23 March 1947. American journal of international law 41 (1947), pp. 927-928

Riaiio, Juan Facundo, born 24 November 1829 at Granada, he was a musicologist and a founder and director of the Museo de Reproducciones Artisticas. His writings include Industrial arts in Spain (1879), and Critical and bibliographical notes on early Spanish music (1887). He died in Madrid, 27 February 1901. Baker, 1978, 1984 Riaz Hassan, born 14 August 1937 at Gurdaspur, India, he was educated in Pakistan and gained a Ph.D. in 1968 at Ohio State University with a thesis entitled Belief systems and job satisfaction of rural migrants in urban areas. After a two-year professorship at Dayton, Ohio, he moved to the University of Singapore, where he was a senior lecturer and acting head in 1976. His writings include Ethnicity, culture and fertility (1980), A way of dying; suicide in Singapore (1983), and he was joint author of Analysis of Asian society - Singapore (1969), and Asian migrants in Australia (1986). IWWAS, 1976/77 Ribblesdale, Thomas Lister, 4th Baron, born in 1854 at Fontainebleau, he was an army officer who retired with the rank of major. His writings include The Queen's hounds and stag-hunting recollections (1897), and Impressions and memories; ed. by Lady Wilson (1927). He died in 1925. Master (1); Who was who, 2

Ribera y Tarrago, Julian, born 19 September 1858 at Carcagente near Valencia, he gained a doctorate and successively held the chair of Arabic at Zaragoza and Madrid. His writings include La mt1sica de las cantigas (1922), its translation, Music in ancient Arabia and Spain (1929), and he was editor and translator of Historia de los jueces de Cordoba, por Aljoxani (1914). He died in Puebla Larga (Valencia), 2 March 1934. AI-Andalus 2 (1934), pp. i-viii; Baker, 1984; CasWL; FOck, p. 266; GER; 1.1. (5) Ribet, Joseph, born 19th cent., he gained a doctorate in 1905 at the Facutte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled Des transformations de la doctrine de Monroe. His writings include Le vol de I'aigle de Monroe a Roosevelt (1905). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Ricard, Alain. His writings include Theatre et nationalisme (Paris, 1972), and Livre et communication au Nigeria; essai de vue generaliste (Paris, 1975). LC Ricard, Prosper Marie Eugene, born 24 February 1874 at Harsault (Vosges), he studied at l'Ecole normale de Mirecourt, and became an instituteur in the Vosges. Soon afterwards, he was appointed a teacher in a native school in Algeria, posted to Tlemcen in 1900, and Oran in 1903. Concurrently he studied North African languages, and gained diplomas in Arabic (1901) and Kabyle (1906). In 1909 he was appointed an inspector of technical and trade education at native boys and girls schools in Algeria. In the service of the Algerian Government he was sent to Spain, metropolitan France, Tunisia, and Morocco to study local arts and crafts. For well over ten years he was an inspector of Arts Indigenes at Fes and Rabat. He edited Corpus des tapis marocains (1923-1934), and he was joint editor of Algerie, Tunisie, Tripolitaine, Malte in the series, Les guides bleus (1930). He died in 1952. BN; Curinier, vol. 6 Ricard, Robert Paul Marie, born 27 January 1900 at Paris, he was a graduate of the Ecole normale superieure and obtained a doctorate from the Universite de Paris in 1920. He spent two years as a lecturer at the Universidad de Lisboa, was a member of l'Ecole francaise des hautes etudes hispaniques, Madrid, and l'Ecole francalse de Mexico. He was a professor at the Lycee de Rabat and, later, directeur o'etudes at the Institut des hautes etudes marocaines. After serving for three years as a professor at the Faculte des lettres d'Alger, he was appointed director of Instruction publique in Morocco. Since 1946 he was a professor at the Sorbonne. His writings include a collection of his articles, Etudes sur I'histoire des Portugais au Maroc (1955), and Mazagan et Ie Maroc sous Ie regne du sultan Moulay Zidan (1956). He died 4 August 1984. DBFC; Qantara 6 (1985), pp. 541-543; WhoFr, 1961/62-1984/85 Ricasoli, IIda, fl. 1960-65, she was affiliated with the Centro per Ie Relazioni Italo-Arabe, and she edited Marocco (Roma, 1962). ZKO Ricaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700 see Rycaut, Sir Paul Ricca, John, born 19 August 1915 at Golconda, Ariz., he graduated in business administration from Northern Arizona University with the class of 1938. He was affiliated with oil companies in the Middle

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East, the Netherlands, and N.Y.C. from 1945 to 1962 when he joined the U.S. Department of the Interior. WhoGov, 1972/73 Ricchieri, Giuseppe, conte, born 3 September 1861 at Fiume di Pordenone, Italy, he was a journalist, explorer and political writer. In 1903 he was a professor of geography at the Real Accademia scientifico-Ietteraria di Milano. His writings include La Libia (1913), La guerra mondiale (1915), and Corso elementari di geografia (1925). He died in 1926. IndBI; Rovito Ricci, Seymour de, born in 1881 at Twickenham, he was a graduate of l'Ecole des hautes etudes, Paris. He was a bibliographer and antiquary who was chiefly resident in Paris. His writings include Catalogue d'une collection de miniatures gothiques et persanes (1913), and he was joint author of Papyrus grecs et demotiaues recueillis en Egypte (1905). He died in 1942. Egyptology; Index biographique frangais (1)

Ricci, Umberto, born in 1879, he was self-educated and without benefit of academic degrees, He found his career when Ghino Valenti, first among agricultural economists of the previous generation, wanted his help in the formation of the first register of agricultural property and thus rescued him from simple administrative work. Thereafter, his rise was rapid. In 1910 he was recommended as joint secretary general to head the statistical work of the International Institute of Agriculture. A professor at Macerta, Parma, Pisa, and Bologna, he was called in 1924 to succeed Maffeo Pantaleoni in Roma. Driven out by the Mussolini regime in 1928, he was called in 1929, together with others, to complete the magnificent company of Italian teachers with which the Egyptian Government intended to give luster to the law faculty of the new National University of Cairo. He remained there until Italy's entrance into the war in 1940. But in 1942 the Turkish Government called him to succeed Wilhelm Ropke (1899-1966) in economics at Istanbul. Concurrently he was elected honorary member of prestigious international learned societies. He died 3 January 1946 in Cairo while returning from Istanbul to Roma, to occupy again the chair of political economy which he had held previously. American economic review 36 (September 1946), pp. 666-668; WhoEc, 1986

Rice, David Storm, born Sigismund Sussia Reich in 1913 at Wien, and educated at Haifa, he went to Europe in 1931. After a year at the Accademia di belli arti di Firenze, he pursued Arabic studies at l'Ecole nationale des langues orientales vivantes, and l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes at the College de France. He gained a doctorate in 1939 with a thesis entitled Etudes sur les villages eremeens de l'Anti-Liban. During the war he served with the British Army in East Africa, North Africa, and Europe. In 1947 he joined SOAS as a lecturer and became a professor in 1959. He changed his name after his naturalization in Britain. He died 19 April 1962. BSOAS 25 (1962), pp. 666-671; Kunst des Orients 5 i (1968), p. 81

Rice, David Talbot, born 11 July 1903 at Rugby, England, he studied in London, and from 1932 until his retirement he was a professor of fine art at the University of Edinburgh. His writings include Islamic art (1965), its translation, Die Kunst des Islam (1967), and Islamic painting (1971). He died 12 March 1972. Byzantion, 42 (1972), pp. 317-323; ConAu,9R; ConAu, new rev.,5; Biography and genealogy master index (3); Who was who, 7

Rice, Frank A., born early 20th cent., he was a professor of linguistics and affiliated with the U.S. Foreign Service Institute, and the Center for Applied Linguistics of the Modern Language Association of America. His writings include Classical Arabic (1952), Jerusalem Arabic (1953), Eastern Arabic (1960), Spoken Arabic Saudi (1977), and he edited a Study of the role of secondary languages in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (1962). LC Rice, Michael, born in 1928, he was employed at Michael Rice Associates, Odsey, UK., in 1997. He wrote Research for the land of paradise; an introduction to the archaeology of Bahrain and the Arabian Gulf(1984). LC Rice, Stanley Pitcairn, born in 1869, he was a sometime member of the Indian Civil Service. His writings include Occasional essays on native South Indian life (1901), The Challenge of Asia (1925), Life of Savaji Rao III, Maharaja of Baroda (1931), and Hindu customs and their origins (1937). NUC, pre-1956

Rice, Tamara Talbot nee Abelson, born 2 July 1904 at S1. Petersburg, Russia, she emigrated to England in 1920, and studied at Oxford and the Sorbonne. She was a sometime assistant to professor Carlton Hayes of Columbia University, N.Y.C. She made a study of Oriental art both in Europe and in the East, particularly in Iraq and Turkey, where her husband, David Talbot Rice, carried on several six-month spells of archaeological work in the late 1920s. Her writings include Russian art (1949), The Scythians (1957), The Se/juks in Asia Minor (1961), and its translations, Die Seldschuken (1963), I

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selgiuchidi in Asia Minore (1969), Ancient arts of Central Asia (1965), and Everyday life in Byzantium (1967). Asia (May 1931); ConAu, 111; LC Rice, Walter Ayscoughe, born 19th cent., his writings include Crusaders in the twentieth century; or, the Christian missionary and the Muslim (London, 1910), In sight of the goal; thoughts for pilgrims (London, 1937), and The precious jewel of the word (London, 1937). He also published a revised version of the Persian Bible (Kitab-i Muqaddas) in 1928 and contributed to the Church missionary intelligencer. BLC Rich, Claudius James, born in 1786 at Dijon (Cote-d'Or), he passed his childhood at Bristol and entered the East India Company's civil service in 1803 and, on account of his proficiency in Oriental languages, was soon named assistant to Mr. Locke, who was at that time proceeding as consul general to the Mediterranean. On his superior's premature death at Malta, Rich proceeded to Constantinople. He soon left for Smyrna where, after some stay, he was appointed to act as assistant to the Company's consul in Egypt. In Alexandria and Cairo he completed his knowledge of Arabic; and thence finally proceeded, through Syria, by way of Damascus, Aleppo, and Baghdad, to his destination at Bombay. A few months after his arrival he was nominated by Government, on account of his knowledge of Turkish and Arabic, to the station of Resident of Baghdad. To this appointment the Court of Directors added the Residency of Basrah. He later was appointed to an equivalent position at Bombay, but he delayed his departure because his temporary services were required at Baghdad. He remained in the country, where the epidemic cholera was making dreadful ravages, until he fell victim to his zeal and died in 1821. His collection of nearly four hundred manuscripts were purchased by the British Museum. His writings include Narrative of a residence in Koordistan (1836), and Narrative of a journey to the site of Babylon in 1811 (1839). Asiaticjouma/13 (1822), pp. 560-561; Britlnd (10); CelCen; ONB; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana

Richard, Charles Louis Florentin, commandant, born 17 October 1815 at Toulon, he studied at the Polytechnique where he became exposed to the ideas of Saint Simon. Sublieutenant in the army engineers in 1836, lieutenant in 1838, he was in Africa in 1840. As head of the Affaires arabes at Bougie, Algeria, he demonstrated his military qualities and was in consequence promoted to captain in 1842. From the founding of Orleansville in the spring of 1843, he directed the Affaires arabes of the region, and, until his departure in December of 1850, he played a leading role, for which he was awarded the Legion d'honneur in 1843, and, in 1846, promoted to the rank of officier. His writings include Etude sur /'insurrection du Dhara, 1845-46 (Alger, 1846), Du gouvernement arabe et de /'institution qui doit I'exercer (Alger, 1848), Algerie; de la civilisation du peuple arabe (Alger, 1850), Algerie; scenes de mceurs arabes (Paris, 1850), Les mysteres du peuple arabe (Paris, 1860), and Cosmogonie; origine et fin des mondes (Paris, 1863). He died near Toulon, 24 September 1889. Hommes et destins, vol. 2, pp. 613-615; Vapereau

Richard, Francis, born in 1948, he was for many years a Persian specialist and conservateur en chef of the Oriental Section of the Department of Manuscripts, Bibllotheque Nationale de Paris. His writings include Catalogue des manuscrits persans de la BN (1989), and he was joint author of A la cour du Grand Moghol; catalogue, Galerie Mansart (1986). AnEIFr, 1995, 1997 Richard, Jean Barthelemy, born 7 February 1921 at Kremlin-Bicetre (Seine), he studied at l'Ecole nationale des chartes and the Faculte des lettres de Paris. He was an archival palaeographer and gained a diploma at l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, as well as a doctorate in 1954 at Dijon with a thesis entitled Les ducs de Bourgogne et la formation du aucne du Xle au XIVe siecle. He was a sometime member of l'Ecole francaise de Rome, a deputy archivst in Cote d'Or from 1943 to 1955, and successively a professor and dean, Faculte des lettres de Dijon from 1955 to 1988. His writings include Le Royaume latin de Jerusalem (1953), its translation, The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1979), La papaute et les missions d'Orient au moyen age (1977), as well as two collections of articles, Orient et Occident au moyen age (1976), and Les relations entre I'Orient et I'Occident (1977). WhoFr, 1971/72-2000 Richard, Louis, born in 1846 near Nantes, he belonged to the Peres blancs and in 1875 was one of the founders of their mission post in Ouargla, Algeria. Until the arrival of his co-religionist, the Father Charles Kermabon (born in 1850 near Vannes), he was the first of the Peres blancs to be posted in 1878 to Ghadames, As an experienced Saharan traveller, who had a good command of Arabic and who knew some Touareg, he made preparations to open a station in Ghat on the south-western Libyan-Algerian border. Before this ill-fated journey he first went to Tripoli where, through the good offices of the French consul-general, Feraud, he arranged for a residence (procure) safeguarding the orders' interests in the planned desert post. He then set out to establish friendly relations with the Touareg tribes and groups of this eastern Saharan region during afifty-six-day journey from 21 May to 16 July, 1880. After the preparations were completed, the party, including the fathers Morat and Pouplard, set out on 18 Decmber 1881. They were assassinated by their guides in the Great Erg in the Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

217 night from the 20th to 21st of December 1881. He left a diary of his final journey. Jacques Lanfry, "Journal de route du P. Richard des Peres blancs chez les Touareg Ajjer (1880)," in an unidentified periodical, pp. 133 sqq. Richard, Sandra Clayton, born about 1937 at Athens, Texas, she graduated from the University of Texas with the class of 1958, and later became a professor of management and administration at various American universities until 1981 when she moved to Laredo, Texas, where she taught until her retirement about 1998. NatFacOr,1995; WhoFi, 1989/90-1994/95; WhoAmW, 1989/90-1993/94; WhoS&SW, 1991/921993/94; WhoWor, 1991/92-1995

Richard, Yann, born 24 July 1948 at Joncy, (SaOne-et-Loire), he gained a martrise de philosophie at Lyon, and he received his first doctorate in 1980 at the Sorbonne with a thesis entitled Le Gowhar-e Morad de Abdorrazzaq Lahiji, treit« philosophique persan, and his second doctorate in 1992. He was a professor at I'lnstitut d'Etudes iraniennes in the Universite de Paris and a sometime joint director of the Institut francais de recherche en Iran. He was a member of several learned societies and affiliated with the C.N.R.S. Between 1975 and 1980 he frequently conducted field work in Iran. His writings include Le shi'isme en Iran (1980), its translation, Der verborgene Imam (1983), l/istem chi'ite; croyances et ideologies (1991), he translated from the Persian of Jami, Les jaillissements de Iumiere (1982), and he was joint editor of Intellectuels et militants de ttstem contemporain (1990). AnEIFR,1997; EURAMES, 1993; Private; THESAM, 4

Richards, Alan Rutherford, born 23 July 1946, he received a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, with a thesis entitled Accumulation, distribution, and technical change in Egyptian agriculture, 1800-1940. In 1981 he was appointed a professor of economics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, a post which he still held in 2004. His writings include the trade edition of his thesis, Egypt's agricultural development, 1800-1980 (1982), A political economy of the Middle East (1990), Higher education in Egypt (1992), and he edited Food, states, and peasants (1986). LC; National faculty directory, 2000-2004

Richards, Donald Sidney, born in 1935, he edited Islam and the trade of Asia; a colloquium (1970), Islamic civilisation, 950-1150; a colloquium (1973), and he was joint author of Mamluk Jerusalem; an architectural study (1987). LC Richards, Sir George Henry, born in 1819 at East Anthony, Cornwall, he entered the Royal Navy in 1832, and later was for ten years a hydrographer to the Admirality. He retired with the rank of rear admiral. He was a joint author of the Report on the maritime canal connecting the Mediterranean at Port Said, with the Red Sea at Suez (1879). He died in Bath, 14 November 1876. Boase; Britlnd (4) Richards, John Folsom, born 3 November 1938 at Exeter, N.H., he graduated from the University of New Hampshire with the class of 1961, and received a Ph.D. from the University of California in 1970. He taught history at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, until 1977 when he was appointed a professor at Duke University, Durham, N.C. His writings include The Mughal administration in Golconda (1976), Mughal Empire (1986), a collection of his published articles entitled Power, administratition, and finance in Mughallndia (1993); he edited Kingship and authority in South Asia (1978), The imperial monetary system of Mughal India (1987); he was a joint editor of the New Cambridge history of India (1987), and he translated Document forms for official orders of appointments in the Mughal Empire (1986). ConAu, 115; OrAS, 1982 H Richards, John Richards, Rt. Rev., born in 1901 at Aberystwyth, he was educated in Wales, and ordained a priest in 1925. He served from 1927 to 1945 under the Church Missionary Society in Iran and was posted successively to Shiraz, Yazd, and Isfahan. His writings include The religion of the Baha'is (1932), and The open road in Persia (1933). He died in 1990. WhoE&EA; Who was who, 8 Richardson, Channing Bulfinch, born 13 October 1917 at Cambridge, Mass., he graduated from Amherst College with the class of 1939, and received a Ph.D. in 1951 from Columbia with a thesis entitled The United Nations and Arab refugee relief, 1948-1950. He served on humanitarian U.N. missions after the war, and then became a professor of political science at various American universities until his retirement in 1983. Selim; Unesco; WhoAm, 1974/75-1988/89 Richardson, Edgar Preston, born 2 December 1902 at Glens Falls, N.Y., he graduated in 1925 from Williams College where he also received one of his many honorary doctorates in 1947. He had a distinguished career as a museum director. He died 27 March 1985. Bioln, 12, 14, 15; ConAu, 110, 115; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982; WhAm,8; WhoAmA, 1966-1984; WhoGov, 1972/73, 1977

Richardson, James, born in 1806 in England, he trained for the evangelical ministry, and he later attached himself to the English Anti-Slavery Society. His writings include Account of the present state of Tunis (1847), and Narrative of a mission to Central Africa (1853). He died near Lake Tchad on 4 March 1851. ONB; Embachei

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Richardson, John P., fl. 1974. he obtained an M.A. in political science from George Washington University and became professionally involved with Middle Eastern affairs for over twenty years. He was a sometime president of American Near East Refugee Aid, as well as the Center for Middle East Policy, Washington, D.C. His writings include The West Bank (1984). LC Richardson, Ralph, born 1845 at Edinburgh, he was educated at Edinburgh, Dresden, and Paris. He served as secretary and later president of the Edinburgh Geographical Society. He died in 1933. Who was who, 8

Riche, Jacques Marie Henry Alfred, born 18 February 1903 at Paris, he was educated at the Lycee Henri-IV, the Faculte des lettres, and Ecole nationale des chartes in Paris. From 1944 to 1959, he was keeper at the Bibliotheque et des Archives du Protectorat marocain. He was joint author of Bibliographie marocaine, 1948-1951, published periodically in the journal Hespetis. Who's who in France, 1967/681971/72

Richer, Ange Marie Joseph, born in 1882, he received a medical doctorate at Bordeaux in 1907 with a thesis entitled Asymetrie des seins et tuberculose pulmonaire. His writings include Les Touareg du Niger, region de Tombouctou-Gao (1924). NUC, pre-1956 Richmond, Ernest Tatham, his writings include The Dom of the Rock in Jerusalem (1924), and Moslem architecture, 623-1516 (1926). NUC, pre-1956 Richmond, Sir John Christopher Blake, born in 1909 into the cultural milieu of Islam and with his formative years spent among Arabs, he acquired both a natural fluency in colloquial Arabic and a scholarly understanding of its classical from. Educated at Lancing College, he subsequently entered Hertford College, Oxford, followed by the Bartlett School of Architecture at University College, London. After a variety of archaeological expeditions in the Jordan Valley and elsewhere, he joined H.M. Office of Works until the outbreak of war, when he became an Army Intelligence officer in Palestine, Syria and Iraq. The end of the Palestine Mandate in 1947 also terminated his responsibility for historic buildings and antiquities, and he was co-opted to the Diplomatic Service as Oriental Secretary to the Baghdad Embassy. He later served as an ambassador in Kuwait and the Sudan. His writings include Egypt, 1798-1952; her advance towards a modern identity (1977). He died in Durham, 6 July 1990. BRISMES bulletin 17 (1990), pp. 155-256; ConAu, 106; IntWW,1974-1990; Master (2); Who was who, 8

Richter, Erich. His writings include the booklet entitled Die Nationalbibliographien der finnischugrischen Volker in der Sowjetunion (Wien, 1981). LC Richter, Gustav, 1906-1939, his writings include Studien zur enesten Geschichte der elieren arabischen Filrstenspiegel (1932), a work which was originally presented as a doctoral thesis in 1931 at Breslau, Verzeichnis der orientalischen Handschriften der Staats- und Universitatts=Bibliothek Breslau (1933), and Der Sprachstil des Korans (Leipzig, 1940). LC; Schwarz Richter, lise, fl. 1980, she received a doctorate in 1972 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled Der Kampf des irakischen Volkes um nationale und soziale Befreiung, 1945 bis Mitte 1959. Schwarz Richter, Julius, born 19 February 1862 at Grofs-Ballerstedt, Germany, he served as a pastor for fifteen years and then pursued a teaching career as a lecturer in, and later professor of missionary studies at Berlin. Through his extensive travels, personal contacts, and prolific writings he attained prominence in the eucumenical movement of the time. His writings include Mission and evangelisation in the Orient (1903), A history of Protestant missions in the Near East (1910), Allgemeine evangelische Missionsgeschichte (5 vol., 1922), and Geschichte der Berliner Missionsgesellschaft (1924). He died in Berlin, 28 March 1940. DtBiind (1); KOrschner,1925-1935; Werist's, 1922, 1928 Richter, Nikolaus Benjamin, born in 1910, his writings include Unvergef3liche Sahara; a/s Maler und Gelehrter durch unerforschte Wilste (Leipzig, 1952), Auf dem Wege zur Schwarzen Oase (Leipzig, 1960). LC Richter, Paul, born 22 JUly 1866 at Insterburg, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1890 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur Historiographie in den Kreuzfahrerstaaten. He was a sometime director of the state archives, Kiel. His writings include Die kurtrierische Kanzlei im speten Mittelalter (1911), and Der Rheingau (1913). He died in Koblenz, 28 February 1939. DtBiind (1); KOrschner, 1931, 1935; Schwarz Richter, William Louis, born 9 April 1939 at Covina, Calif., he graduated from Willamette University with the class of 1961 and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled The politics of language in India. In 1966 he was appointed a professor of political science at Kansas State University, Manhattan, a post which he still held in 1995. He was a Fulbright fellow at Panjab University, 1969-70. AmM&WS, 1973 S; NatFacDr, 1995

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Richter-Bernburg, Lutz Gerhard, born 19 January 1945 at Berlin, he studied at Tubinqen and Hamburg, and received a Dr.phil. in 1969 at G6ttingen with a thesis entitled Eine arabische Version der pseudogalenischen Schrift "De theriaca ad Pisonem." He specialized in Muslim medicine, historiography, and biography. He was a member of the American Oriental Society and the Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesellschaft. His writings include Persian medical manuscripts at the University of California (1978). KOrschner,1996; Schwarz Richtmann, M6zes, born 22 September 1880 at Homanna, Hungary, he studied from 1895 to 1905 at the Landesrabbinerschule, Budapest, and the Universltat Breslau. He received a doctorate in philosophy in 1904 at Budapest with a thesis entitled Az arab-zsid6 ujplatonikusok etikai nezetei. After he was ordained rabbi in 1906, he was an assistant rabbi at Budapest. In 1907 he became a professor at the Jewish teachers' college. In 1955 he celebrated his 75th birthday. EnJud; MagyarZL Ricklefs, Merle Calvin, he gained a doctorate and became a lecturer in South East Asian history at SOAS. His writings include Jogjakarta under Sultan Mangkubumi, 1749-1792 (1974), Indonesian manuscripts in Great Britain (1977), Modern Javanese historical tradition (1978), and A history of modern Indonesian (1981). LC Rickmers, Christian Mabel nee Duff, born 7 December 1866, she was educated at London and Berlin. She travelled in Bokhara, 1898, and in the Caucasus, 1900. Her writings include Chronology of India (1899), and translations from the German of Elsa Bradstrorn and Wilhelm Geiger. Buckland Rickmers, Willy Rickmer, born 1 May 1873 at Bremen, where he graduated from the commercial college. After study at the Universltat Wien, he travelled from 1898 to 1913 with his wife to the Caucasus and Central Asia. In 1928 he headed a German-Russian geographical and geological expedition to the Pamirs. He later lived as a private scholar at Munchen. He also was a pioneer of German Alpine mountaineering and skying. His writings include The Duab of Turkestan (1913), Die Wallfahrt zum wahren Jacob; Gebirgswanderungen in Kantabrien (1926), Alai! Alai! Arbeiten und Ergebnisse der deutsch-russischen Alai-Pamir-Expedition (1930), and he edited Die wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse der Alai-Pamir-Expedition (1932). He died in MOnchen, 15 June 1965. DtBE; Wer ist's, 1909-1935; Who was who, 6

Ricks, Thomas Miller, born 15 October 1938 at Lafayette, Illinois, he graduated from the University Notre Dame, Ind., with the class of 1961, and received his Ph.D. in 1974 from Indiana University, Bloomington, with a thesis entitled Politics and trade in southern Iran and the Gulf, 1745-1765. He was a teacher at Tehran International School, 1972-73, a professor of history at Georgetown University, in 1975, and a director of Studies Abroad at Villanova University, Pa. He also taught at Birzeit University and Macalester College. He was joint author of Persian studies; a selected bibliography of works in English (1969), and he edited Critical perspectives on modern Persian literature (1984). DrAS, 1982H; NatFacDr,2000; Selim 3 ; WhoE,1981-1985/86

Ricol, Joseph Francols Emile, born 20 November 1883 at Castres (Tarn), he received doctorates from the Faculte de droit de Toulouse for his theses entitled La copropriete en main commune, and Les tendances du droit disciplinaire et droit penal, in 1907 and 1908 respectively. He was a lawyer and professor at his alma mater. In 1928 he was a professor at the Faculte royale de droit du Caire, and a member of the Societe Fouad 1er d'econornle politique, de statistique et de legislation. NUC, pre-1956; Qui etes-vous, 1924

Ricq, Gustave, capitaine, born 19th cent., his writings include Les epreuves ecrites d'admission I'Ecole de guerre (1910). BN; NUC, pre-1956

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Ricque, Camille, 19th cent., he received a medical doctorate in 1858 at Strasbourg with his thesis entitled Relation de t'eokiemie de iievre jaune a bord de I'aviso a vapeur "te Groudeur" BN; NUC, pre-1956 Ridgeway, Sir Joseph West, born in 1844, he obtained a commission in the Bengal Army in 1860. He was an officer and an administrator who rendered important service at the ill-defined northern boundary of Afghanistan from 1884 to 1885. He died in London in 1930. Buckland; DNB; Riddick; Who was who, 3 Ridley, H. French, Rev., born about 1860, he served as a missionary in China under the China Inland Mission since about 1888. In 1911 he attended a conference at Lucknow in connection with Muslim work. His wife died from typhus at Siningfu on 23 August 1913. On 19 November 1924 he sailed to the United States. Chinese recorder index; Lodwick Riebeck, Emil, born 11 June 1853 at Leau, Anhalt, Germany, he studied natural sciences at the universities of Karlsruhe, Leipzig, and Freiburg. From 1880 to 1883 he travelled in the company of C. W. Rosset to Syria, Palestine, Arabia, Socotra, India, China, and Japan. The collections which he brought back he bequeathed partly to the Ethnographical Museum, Berlin, and partly to the History of Science Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

220 Museum, Halle. He also supported other explorations and sent his travel companion C. W. Rosset to the Maldive Islands. He died in Feldkirch, Austria, 22 June 1885 before he could realize a journey around the world. His writings include Die HOge/stamme von Chittagong; Erlebnisse einer Reise im Jahre 1882 (1885), and its translation, The Chittagong hill tribes (1885). Meyers Rieck, JOrgen, fl. 1975, he was a lawyer, and a joint editor of Internationales Ehe- und Kindschaftsrecht (Frankfurt am Main, 1980). Riedel, Wilhelm, born 1 July 1871 at Schwartau, Germany, he studied theology at the universities of TObingen, Halle, and Kiel where he received a Dr.phil. in 1898 with a thesis entitled Die Aus/egung des Hohenliedes in der jOdischen Gemeinde und der griechischen Kirche. He served as a lecturer in theology at the Universltat Greifswald from 1902 to his resignation in 1906. His writings include Kirchenrechtsquellen des Patriarchats Alexandrien (1900), and Kataloger over Kungliga Bibliotekets orientaliska handskrifter (Stockholm, 1923). Wer ist's, 1909 Riederer, Josef, born 29 December 1939, he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1964 at MOnchen with a thesis entitled Die Kalifeldspate der moldanubischen Granite. He later headed the Rathgen Forschungslabor at the Staatliche Museen, Berlin. His writings include Kunst und Chemie; das Unersatzliche bewahren (1977), and Archaologie und Chemie (1987). Kurschner, 1987-19921 Riedl, Helmut, born 22 June 1933 at Wien, he received a Dr.phil. in 1958 at Wien with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur Morphologie des Gebietes der Waschbergzone. In 1969 he was appointed a professor of geography at Salzburg, specializing in Greece. Since 1990 he was successively a deputy dean and dean of the Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat in the Unlversitat Salzburg. He edited Beitrage zur Landeskunde von Griechenland (1976). Kurschner, 1983-19921; WhoAustria, 1996 Riedl, John Orth, born 10 June 1905 at Milwaukee, Wise., he graduated in 1927 from Marquette University where he also received his Ph.D. in 1930. After post-doctoral study at Toronto, N.Y.C., and Breslau, he became a professor of philosophy at his alma mater from 1930 to 1946, and later served until his retirement as a professor and dean at Queensborough Community College, Bayside, N.Y. His writings include The university in progress (1965). ConAu, P-2, 21-22; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 P; LEduc, 1974; Master (4)

Riefstahl, Rudolf Meyer, born Rudolf Adalbert Meyer on 9 August 1880 at MOnchen, he adopted his mother's surname. He studied at G6ttingen and Stral1burg where he received a Dr.phil. in 1904 with a thesis entitled Franzosische Lieder aus der Florentiner Handschrift Strozzi-Magliabecchiana. In the same year, he became a lecturer at l'Ecole normale superleure and the Sorbonne, Paris. As a member of the administrative staff of the exhibition of Islamic art in MOnchen in 1910, he came in contact with the outstanding scholars of the day and laid the foundations for many years of productive scholarship, mainly in the field of Islamic art. The outbreak of the first world war found him teaching in Paris in a post no longer tenable for a German scholar. He went in 1915 to the U.S. where he at once found scope for his versatile talents and wide experience. He was increasingly in demand as an expert, writer and lecturer, and in 1924 was appointed a professor in New York University. His writings include Parish-Watson Collection of Mohammadan potteries (1922), Persian and Indian textiles of the late sixteenth century to the early nineteenth century (1923), and Turkish architecture in southwestern Anatolia (1931). He died "during the closing hours of' 1936. Bulletin of the American Institut of Persian Art 4 (1935/36), p. 235; Parnassus 10 i (1938), p. 23; WhAm, 6

Rieger, Renate, 1921- see Wagner-Rieger, Renate Riemer, Carlton Lester, born 15 September 1941 at Mequon, Wise., he was a graduate of Concordia Senior College, Fort Wayne, Ind., and Corcordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo. He became a Lutheran minister who also served as a missionary for a year in India, and for two years in the Philippines. WhoRel,1985

Riesman, Paul Hastings, born 7 March 1938 at Buffalo, N.Y., he graduated from Harvard with the class of 1960 and then studied from 1964 to 1969 at Paris where he gained a doctorate in 1970. In 1971 he was appointed a professor of anthropology at Carleton College, Northfield, Minn. His writings include Societe et liberie chez les Peuls djelgobe de Haute-Volta (1974), and its translation, Freedom in Fulani social life (1977). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1976 P von RieB, Richard, born 19 March 1823 at Schwablsh-Grnund, Germany, he studied theology and geography at TObingen. He was ordained and gained a doctorate in 1846. He was a clergyman and a school administrator. His writings include Die Lander der Heiligen Schrift (1846), its translation, The lands of the Holy Scripture (1880), and Biblische Geographie (1872). He died in Rottenburg, 6 October 1898. ADtB, v. 53, pp. 384-385; DtBilnd (2); Kosch

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Riess, Richard 0., born early 20th cent., he was a graduate student at Columbia, Syracuse, Boston, McGill, and Clark universities, and in 1968 a professor of geography at Salem State College, Mass., as well as a National Council for Geographic Education coordinator for Massachusetts. Note Riet, Simone van, 1919-1993 see Van Riet, Simone Rieu, Charles Pierre Henri, born in 1820 at Geneve, he left school at the age of fifteen and entered the Acadernie de Geneve. In 1840 he went to Bonn where he enrolled in the philosophical faculty, and where he remained until 1843, when he received a Dr.phil. with a thesis entitled Commentationis de Abu'I-Alae poetae Arabici vita et carminibus. The following year he was elected a member of the Societe asiatique, and in 1847 he entered the British Museum, where twenty years later he was nominated curator of Oriental manuscripts. At the invitation in 1893 of the electors to the Sir Thomas Adams' Professorship of Arabic in the University of Cambridge, he accepted that chair at his advanced age and retired from his post in the Museum, where he had accomplished the great work of his life, to wit, the preparation and publication of seven volumes of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish manuscripts. After sixty years of reputation as an Orientalist of the first rank he died on 19 March 1902, having been in perfect health until within three days of the end, and with a mind clear and tranquil to the last. Buckland; Bulletin de la Societe de geographie de Geneve 41 (1902), pp. 170-73; DNB; EncBrit; FOck, 192; JRAS, 1902, pp.718-721; Who was who, 1

Rifaat, Hassan-Tabet, fl. 1968-69, he gained a doctorate in law and became a conseiller d'etat as well as a lecturer at the Universite libanaise and at the Faculte de droit et des sciences economique de Beyrouth. His writings include Les Iiberles publiques en droit positif Iibanais (Beyrouth, 1965). LC al-Rifa'i, 'Abd al-'Aziz Ahmad, born in 1922 at Umm Lajj, Saudi Arabia, he was a sometime director of the Political Division at the Bureau of the Council of Ministers. He resigned the post of Adviser to the Royal Court to go into book selling and publishing. He also was a writer in his own right. WhoArab, 1986/87,1988/89,1990/91,1993/94,1995/96

al-Rifa'i, 'Abd ai-Hakim, born 21 January 1902, he gained a doctorate in 1929 at Paris with a thesis entitled Le mouvement de retorme des lmpots direct en Egypte. He was a professor of law, a dean at the universities of Cairo and Baghdad, and a business executive. Unesco; WhoArab,1997/98 al-Rifa'i, Husayn 'Ali. His writings include La question agraire en Egypte (Paris, 1919), and al-Sinatah fi Misr (1935). Rifaud, Joseph Jacques, born in 1786 at Marseille, he was a trained sculptor. After serving in the French army, he found his way to Alexandria in 1814 and entered into the service of the French consul Bernadino Drovetti, whom he accompanied to Upper Egypt. He did an immense amount of digging. Despite membership of many prestigious scientific societies and being accorded some recognition and honours, the ultimate academic accolade which he sought eluded him because of the amateur and poor quality of much of his work. His notes and drawings were to be the basis for a work which he intended to publish on his return to France in 1827. In the event, only a portion from more than six thousand drawings covering natural sciences, arts and the inhabitants and industries of contemporary Egypt were printed, and the projected five volumes of text were never produced. His writings include Tableaux de voyage en Egypte, en Nubie et des Iieux circonvoisins (1830), and its translation, Gemekie von Agyp ten und Nubien (1830). He died in Geneve in 1852. Bulletin of the Association for the Study of Travel in Egypt and the Near East: Notes and queries, no. 10 (October 2000), pp. 13-14; Egyptology; Sezgin

Rife, David Cecil, born 3 January 1901 at Cedarville, Ohio, he graduated from Cedarville College with the class of 1922 and received a Ph.D. from Ohio State University in 1933. He was a lecturer at a mission school in the Sudan from 1927 to 1930, and a professor of genetics at Ohio State University from 1934 to 1957. He spent the year 1951/52 as a Fulbright professor in Egypt. His writings include The dice of destiny (1945), Heredity and human nature (1959), and Hybrids (1965). AmMWSc, 19861989/90 P; Master (2)

Riftin, Aleksandr Pavlovich, born in 1900 at Khar'kov, he was affiliated with Oriental studies at Leningrad, where he also died in the aftermath of the privations of the siege on 8 February 1945. His writings include Cmepo-eeeunoucxue IOpuoucecKue u aOMuHucmpamuBHble oOKyMeHmbl B coopenHUfiX CCCP (1937). Krachkovskii; Miliband; Miliband2 Riftin, Boris L'vovich, born 7 September 1932 at Leningrad, he received a doctorate in 1969 with his thesis, ncmoou-ecxe« snone» u cjJonbKnopHafi mpeouuu» 8 Kumae. He was a sinologue whose writings include Kumeucxne HapooHble CKa3KHe (1957), and Cxesenue 0 Benusot: cmeHe u npotineue )I(aHpa 8 KumaUCKoM cjJonbKnope (1961). Miliband; Miliband2 Rigault, Abel Napoleon, born 30 January 1871 at Sablons (Seine-et-Marne), he was educated at the lycees in Sens and in Lakanal, at l'Ecole nationale des chartes, and the Sorbonne, Paris. He was an Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

222 archivist and palaeographer at the Services des archives, Ministere des Affaires etranqeres, and a secretary at the Commission des Archives diplomatiques. His writings include Le proces de Guichard, eveque de Troyes (1896), and L'invasion de 1815 en Seine-et-Marne (1911). On 13 January 1926 he was awarded Officier de la Legion d'honneur. His trace is lost after a publication in the Annales of the Societe historique et archeoloqique du Gatinais, 1934/42. Qui etes-vous, 1924 Rigaux, Francois, born 26 March 1926 at Ixelles, Belgium, his writings include Droit internationale ptiv« (1987-93), La vie prive, une liberte parmi les autres? (1992), and he edited Le droit d'asile (1988). Rigby, Christopher Palmer, born 18 January 1820 at Yately, Hampshire, his writings include the booklet Report on the Zanzibar dominions (1861). His daughter, Mrs. Charles E. B. Russell, edited General Rigby, Zanzibar and the slave trade; with journals, dispatches, etc. (1935). He died in London, 14 April 1885. BLC; Riddick Rigby, Peter John Arthur, born 27 January 1938 at Ranchi, India, he received a B.A. in Bantu languages in 1958 at the University of Cape Town. In 1995 he was a professor at the Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa. His writings include Cattle and kinship among the Gogo (1969), Persistent pastoralists; nomadic societies in transition (1985), and Cattle, capitalism, and class (1992). NatFacDr,1995; Unesco Riggio, Achille, born 1891 at Brancalcone, Reggio di Calabria, where he was employed by the Italian Railway, but also active as an amateur local historian. He was compelled to leave Italy after the rise of Mussolini and spent some time in Tripoli and Morocco before settling in Tunisia. He returned to Italy after the second World War and published numerous articles on the history of North Africa. He died in Reggio di Calabria, 9 September 1951. Revue africaine 95 (1951), pp. 428-429 Riggs, Charles Trowbridge, born 1 September 1871 at Sivas, Turkey, he was a graduate of Princeton and a congregational missionary in Turkey who wrote and preached in Greek, Turkish, and Armenian, and translated from these languages. He was a sometime instructor at Robert College, Istanbul, and Anatolia College, Thessalonica. He retired to the United States in 1946, but returned to Turkey after his wife's death in 1948. In his last years he collaborated with the revison of the New Redhouse Turkish-English dictionary. He died in Istanbul, 12 February 1953. He died in Istanbul 12 February 1953. NYT, 15 February 1953, p. 93, col. 1; Shavit; Wilson library bulletin 27 (April 1953), p. 586 Riggs, Edward, born 30 June 1844 at Smyrna, the son of Elias Riggs (1810-1901), he was educated in America and became a missionary successively in Sivas and Marsovan, and subsequently was a teacher at Anatolia College, Thessalonica. He died in Smyrna, 16 February 1914. Shavit; WhAm, 1 Riggs, Elias, born 19 November 1810 at New Providence, N.J., he graduated from Amherst and Andover, and was ordained in 1832. On 18 September of the same year he was married to Martha Jane Dalzel(I), and a little over a month later they were on their way across the ocean in a little brig of 180 tons, arriving at Athens in January of 1833. He served as a missionary in Greece until 1838 when he was posted to Anatolia. He spent the years after 1853 at Constantinople where he became best known for his affiliation with the Bible translation project. His writings include A brief grammar of the modern Armenian language as spoken in Constantinople (Smyrna, 1847). He died 17 January 1901. DAB, vol. 15, pp. 602-3; Master (5); Missionary review of the world 56 (1933), pp. 30-32; Richter, p. 110; Shavit; WhAm, 1

Riggs, Emma H. nee Barnum, born 19th cent., at Harput, Turkey. After studying at Dana Hall, Wellesley, Mass., and at Lasell Female Seminary, Auburndale, Newton, Mass., she sailed from Boston on 31 August 1889, and was stationed for more than twenty-five years at Harput, Turkey. As a single woman, her field of work lay among the women of the city and in teaching in the girls' department of Euphrates College, Harput. Born in the land, she was able to serve them in their deepest needs. On 2 May 1907 she became the second wife of the widowed Rev. Henry Harrison Riggs. She died of thyphus fever, 27 April 1917. Missionary herald 113 (1917), p. 355 Riggs, Ernest Wilson, born born 3 July 1881 at Merzifon/Marzivan, Turkey, he graduated from Princeton in 1904 and from Auburn Theological Seminary, N.Y., in 1910. He was vice-consul at Harput, Turkey, 1904-1907, president of Euphrates College, Harput, 1901-1921, and concurrently served at A.U.S. and the Near East Relief. From 1933 to 1950 he was president of Anatolia College, Thes-saloniki. He died in Dallas, Tex., 25 March 1952. NYT, 26 March 1952, p. 29, col. 5; School and society 75 (5 April 1952), p. 220; Shavit; WhAm, 3

Riggs, Henry Harrison, born 2 March 1875 at Sivas, Turkey, he was a graduate of Carleton College, Northfield, Minn., and Auburn Theological Seminary, N.Y. He served as a missionary to the Armenians under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and was posted to Harput. From 1917 to 1920 he was affiliated with the Armenian Relief. Since 1920 he did missionary work in

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Constantinople and Beirut. Returning to the field, he died the day after he reached Palestine from Boston on 17 August 1943. MW 34 (1944), p. 77; Shavit; WhAm, 3 Riggs, James Forsyth, born 4 October 1852 at Smyrna, he grew up in Constantinople where he was privately educated by his missionary parents. He later graduated from Princeton and Union Theological Seminary, and became a pastor in New Jersey. He died 24 January 1918. WhAm, 1 Riggs, Martha Jane nee Dalzel(I), born 3 July 1810 at New Vernon, N.J., she was a graduate of the Female Seminary, Elizabethtown, N.J., and early decided on missionary work under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. She was married to Rev. Elias Riggs in 1832 and served in Greece and Anatolia until her death in Constantinople on 15 November 1887. Her writings include The mother's manual, containing practical hints, by a mother (Boston, 1840), and its translation, EVXEIPIOlowv TfJ~ J.lfJTPO~, ETOI Emotosiu TTPO~ aOEAcpfJv (Smyrna, 1842). Missionary herald 84 (February 1888), pp. 59-62; NUC, pre-1956

Rihani, Ameen Fares, born 24 November 1876, he was a Lebanese-American Christian writer and traveller in Arabia. His writings include Maker of modern Arabia (1928), Around the coasts of Arabia (1930), and Arabian peak and desert, travels in al- Yaman (1930). He died in Lebanon, 13 September 1940. Najib M. Zakka wrote Amin ar-Rihani, penseur et homme de letttres Iibanais (1979); a commemorative volume, Amin al-Rihani, ra'id nahdawi min Lubnan, was published in 1988 Bidwell2 ; Master (5); Shavit; WhAm, 1

Rihbany, Abraham Mitrie, born in 1869 in Lebanon, he was educated in Lebanon and the United States, and gained a doctorate in divinity in 1922 at the Theological Seminary, Meadville, Pa. He was a Unitarian pastor, and he represented the Syrian societies in America at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. His writings include America, save the Near East (1918), and Wise men from the East and from the West (1923). He died in 1944. Master (2); WhAm, 2, 5 Rihtman, Cvjetko, born 4 May 1902 at Rijeka, Croatia, he was an ethno-musicologist, a composer, and a professor of music at the Muzicke Akademije, Sarajevo. He edited Bibliografija folklorne grade v u deset godista uBehara s inkesom motiva (1957), and Pjesme i napjev iz Bosne i Hercegovine (1984). In 1986 he was presented with a jubilee volume entitled Zbornik radova u rast akademika Cvjetko Rihtmana. JugoslSa

Riis, Poul Jerqen, born 26 March 1910 at Arhus, he studied at Kebenhavns Universitet where he also gained his doctorate in 1941. He was a keeper of Near Eastern and Classical Antiquities, Nationalmuseet, Kebenhavn, from 1937 to 1949 when he became successively a professor of classical archaeology at Arhus and Kebenhavn, Concurrently he served as a director, and chairman, of the University Institute for Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology from 1963 to 1974. His writings include Den etruskische kunst (1948), its translation, An introduction to Etruscan art (1953), Temple, church and mosque (1965), and ArkEBologi og klassik kunst (1972). Kraks, 1990-1999; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77 Riising, Anne Sofie, born 19 February 1926 at Ottorup, Denmark, she studied at Arhus and Odense where she received a doctorate in 1969 with a thesis entitled Danmarks middelalderlige preediker: In 1951 she became an archivist, and later chief archivist, at the Landsarkivet for Fyn, Odense. Concurrently she was a lecturer in medieval history as well as an examiner at Odense. Her writings include Landsarkivet for Fyn og hjrelpemidlerne til dets benytsel (1970), and Guysfrygt og oplysning; Odense, 1700-1789 (1981.) Kraks, 1990-1999; WhoWor, 1976/77 van Rijckeghem, Willy, fl. 1961, he edited Employment problems and policies in developing countries; the case of Morocco (1976), and Macro-economie en politiek (1983). Brinkman's de Rijk, Lambertus Marie, born 6 November 1924 at Hilversum, he received a doctorate in 1952 at Utrecht with a thesis entitled The place of the categories of being in Aristotle's philosophy. He was successively a professor of ancient and medieval philosophy at Utrecht, Nijmegen, and Leiden. His writings include Plato's Sophist (1986). On his sixtieth birthday he was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled Medieval semantics and metaphysics; studies dedicated to L. M. de Rijk. WhoNL,1962/63; Wie is wie, 1984/88, 1994/96

Riker, Thad Weed, born 2 November 1880 at Stamford, Conn., he followed his B.A. from Princeton with a B.Litt. from Oxford as a Rhodes scholar, and was in 1935 honoured with a D.Litt. from that institution. After a brief teaching experience at Cornell University he went to the University of Texas in 1909. He was appointed a professor in 1923, with the added designation of special research professor in 1941. His interests were in modern European history with special consideration to English and Rumanian history. His volume on The making of Roumania (1931) was translated at the request of the Rumanian Academy of which he was a corresponding member. His writings include A history of

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modern Europe (1948). He died in Austin, Texas, 17 February 1952.

American historical review 57 (1952),

pp. 849-850; OcERoman; Master (2); Who was who, 3

Rikhye, Ravi, born in 1946, his writings include The fourth round, Indo-Pak war (1982), The war that never was (1988), and The militarization of Mother India (1990). LC Rikli, Martin Albert, born 19 January 1898, he received a doctorate at Basel with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Cyperaceen. He was a documentary film director at the Universum-Film AG (Ufa), Berlin and a book editor at the Scherl Verlag, Berlin. His writings include Am Rande der Sahara (1930), Wie ich Abessinien sah (1936), and he was joint author of Von den Pyrenaen zum Nil (1926). KOtLK, 1934, 1937/38 Riley, James, born 27 October 1777 at Middletown, Conn., and largely self-educated, he was a sea captain who was ship-wrecked in August 1815 off the coast of North Africa and subsequently enslaved by natives until ransomed. He wrote Authentic narrative of the loss of the American brigg "Commerce" (1817), its translation, Gefangenschaft und Reise in Afrika, veranlaBt durch den Schiffbruch der amerikanischen Brigg Commerce (1817), and Sufferings in Africa; Captain Riley's narrative, edited by Gordon H. Evans (1965). He died at sea, 15 March 1840. ACAB; OcNAA; Henze; Master (2); Shavit Riley, John Athelstan Laurie, born in 1858 at London, he was educated at Eton and Pembroke College, Oxford. He was a landowner and lay Church officer. He travelled on several occasions in European Turkey and Kurdistan between 1881 and 1888. His writings include Report on the foundation of the Archbishop's Mission to the Assyrian Church in 1886 (1886), Athos, or the Mountain of the Monks (1887), and The religious question in education (1911). He died in 1945. Master (2); Who was who, 5 Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher, born 27 June 1938 at Harrowgate, North Yorkshire, he received a Ph.D. in 1963 at Cambridge with a thesis entitled The Knights Hospital/ers in Latin Syria. He successively became a professor of medieval history at St. Andrews and Cambridge. His writings include The Knights of St. John in Jerusalem (1967), What were the crusades (1977), The first crusade and the idea of crusading (1986), The first crusaders, 1095-1131 (1997), and he was joint editor of The crusades, idea and reality, 1095-1274 (1981). Contemporary authors, 21-24; Sluglett; Who's who, 1988-2004; Who's who in the world, 1989/90

Rinchen (Rintchen), Biambyn, born in 1906, he was a Mongoliam novelist whose writings include Les meietieux pour l'etude du chamanisme mongol (1959). In 1966 he was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled Col/ectanea Mongolica; Festschrift far Professor Dr. Rintchen zum 60. Geburtstag. He died on 6 March 1977. Master (2); the reference to NYT, 15 March 1977, cannot be ascertained Rindfleisch, Georg, born 14 February 1870 at Marienburg, Prussia, he studied at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg im Breisgau, and received a Dr.phil. in 1896 at Marburg with a thesis entitled Die Landschaft Hauran in rornischer Zeit und in der Gegenwart. Thesis

de Ring, Maximilien Napoleon Theodore, baron, born 25 February 1834 at Heimbach, Alsace, he received a doctorate at Strasbourg in 1859 with a thesis entitled Etude sur Ie retour legal. He was an attache at Berlin from 1861 to 1867, and at Wien from 1868 to 1878, when he was appointed minster plenipotentiary and commissioner of the French Government for the organization of eastern Rumelia. In 1879 he was in charge of the French consulat general in Cairo. He retired in 1891, and died in Dijon on 23 July 1905. NOBA

Ringen, Catherine Oleson, born 3 June 1943 at Brooklyn, N.Y., she graduated in 1970 from Indiana University where she also received a Ph.D. in 1975 with a thesis entitled Vowel harmony; theoretical applications. She taught at the University of Minnesota until 1979 when she was appointed a professor of linguistics, a post which she still held in 2000. OrAS, 1978, 1982 F; NatFacOr, 1995-2000; WhoAmW, 1983/84 Ringer, Karlernst, born 18 January 1925 at Stuttgart, Germany, he received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1952 from the Universltat Freiburg im Breisgau for Die Agrarverfassungsprobleme Tanganyikas. From 1971 to his retirement in 1990 he was a professor of development studies and politics at Bochum. He was an aid worker in Afghanistan from 1967 to 1970. His writings include Agrarverfassung im tropischen Afrika (1963), and he edited Perspektiven der Entwicklungspolitik (1981). Kurschner, 1970-2003 Ringgren, Karl Vilhelm Helmer, born 29 November 1917 at Ala, Sweden, he received a doctorate in 1947 at Uppsala with a thesis entitled Word and wisdom; studies in the hypo=statization of divine qualities and functions in the ancient Near East. He was a professor in Finland and a visiting professor in the United States until 1965 when he was appointed a professor of Old Testament studies at his alma mater. His writings include Fatalism in Persian epics (1952), Studies in Arabian fatalism (1955), The faith of Qumran (1963), and Religiones form och funktion (1968). ConAu, 5-8, new rev., 3; Vem ar det, 1957-1987; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77

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Ringuelet, Roger, born 20th cent., he was in 1961 a chief engineer of rural development (Genie rural) and director of the Rharb perimeter at the Moroccan Office National des Irrigations. Rink, Friedrich Theodor, born in 1770 at Slave, Pomerelia, he was an Arabic student of Heinrich Albert Schultens and since 1792 a professor of theology at Konigsberg. On his travels he was a keen collector of Arabic manuscripts. Since 1801 he was a pastor at Danzig where he died 27 April 1821. His writings include Heinrich Albert Schultens; eine Skizze (Riga, 1794), and Neue Sammlung der Reisen in den Orient (Konigsberg, 1801). ADtB; DtBiind (3); FOck,160 Rinn, Louis Marie, born 28 March 1838 at Paris, where he was educated at the Lycee Louis-Ie-Grand. After passing through the military college of St-Cyr, which he had entered in 1855, he was assigned to an infantry regiment which was ordered to Algerie in 1864 to suppress the insurrection of the Ouled Sidi Cheikh. Almost since his arrival in Algeria he belonged to the Bureaux arabes. Apart from General Daumas, he was the officer of the Bureaux who left the most important written legacy. This work is of such variety and quality that it is often overlooked that he was also an outstanding officer and unequalled administrator. His writings include Marabouts et khouan (1884), Les origines berberes: Iinguistiques et ethnologiques (1889), Histoire de /'insurrection de 1871 en Algerie (1891). He died in Algiers, 6 March 1905, leaving in manuscript form the Grande histoire de 1'Algerie in eleven volumes. Faucon, pp. 468-471; Peyronnet, pp. 359-364

Rinser, Luise, born 30 April 1911, she studied psychology and education at MOnchen and was a school teacher for a number of years before she turned to professional writing. She was a committed pacifist and imprisoned for political reasons in 1944. Her works include Khomeini und der islamische Gottesstaat (1979). She died at an old age home in Unterhachingen on 17 March 2002. IntWW, 19792000; Master (6); MEW; MagyarNKK, 2000; Wer ist wer, 1950-2000; WhoWor, 1980-1989/90

Rintchen, Bjamba, 1906-1977 see Rinchen, Biambyn Riondel, Henri, S.J., fl. 1905-1935. His writings include J'aurai confiance en Dieu (1917), and Une page tragique de I'histoire religieuse de Levant; Ie bienheureux Gomidas de Constantinople, pretre ermenien et martyr (1929). BN Riosalido Gambotti, Jesus Carlos, born in 1937 at Madrid, he gained a doctorate in law and entered the diplomatic service. He was a sometime director of the lnstituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, Madrid, and an ambassador to Syria and Cyprus. His writings include Zejel del libro de amor y algunos mas (1970), Maqamat (1974), and Muwashajat (1975). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; Quien,1986-1998; WhoSpain, 1987-1996

Rioux, Georges Louis Joseph, born 29 September 1912 at St-Julien-du-Gua, he gained a doctorate at the Unlversite d'Alger. He was a psychologist and a joint author of L'equloe dans les sports colletifs (1967). LC; Unesco Ripa di Meana, Alessandro, 19th cent. His writings include Gli italiani in Africa; ossia, Gli assedi della Goletta e del forte di Tunisi del MDLXXIV (1865), and he edited Storia della guerra d'Oriente (1856-58). NUC, pre-1956

Ripinsky-Naxon, Michael, born 23 March 1944 at Kutaisi, Georgia, he graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, with the class of 1966 and also received a Ph.D. in archaeology and history of art in 1979. He held a variety of teaching posts relating to ancient and modern anthropological and geographical studies of the Middle East. His writings include The nature of shamanism (1993). WhoE, 1974-1977; WhoWest, 1987-1996/97; WhoWor, 1989/90

Ripke, Axel H. E., born 28 April 1880 at Mitau (Jelgava), Latvia, he studied at St. Petersburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, and Erlangen. He was a sometime foreign editor at the Frankfurter Zeitung and a publisher of der Panther. His writings include Deutschland und England in Marokko und Tripolis; unsere Politik in Gegenwart und Zukunft (1911), and he edited Zehn deutsche Reden (1915), and Der KoloB eut tonemen FaBen; gesammelte Autsetze aber RuBland (1916). Werist's, 1922 Rippin, Andrew Lawrence, born 16 May 1950 at London, Ontario, he was a graduate of the University of Toronto. In 1976, he received a M.A. from McGill University, Montreal, and in 1981, a Ph.D. with a thesis entitled The Qur'anic asbab al-nuzul material. Since 1980, he was professor at the Department of Religious Studies, University of Calgary, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Muslims; their religious beliefs and practices (1990). He was joint editor and translator of Textual sources for the study of Islam (1987). Ferahian; LC; NatFacDr,2000; WhoRel, 1985; WhoWor, 1987 Risch, Fr. P. Curt, born 29 March 1879 at Berlin, he studied engineering and architecture at Berlin. In 1908 he joined the national railway system. In 1916 he gained a doctorate at Braunschweig with a thesis entitled Grotser« Umlageanlagen far den Frachtgutstockverkehr. Since 1919 he was a professor Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

226 of transportation and communication at the Technische Hochschule, Hannover. He was joint editor of Der offentliche Personennahverkehr (1958). He died in Hannover, 17 October 1959. DtBE; Kurschner, 1925-1961; Werist's, 1922, 1928, 1935

Riser, Jean, fl. 1969, he received a doctorate in 1978 at the Universite d'Aix-Marseille with a these d'etat entitled Le Jbel Sarhro et sa retombee saharienne; etude geomorphologique. He was joint editor of Sahara ou Sahel; quaternaire recent au bassin de Taoudenni, Mali (1983). LC; THE5AM, 1 Rishtin, Siddiq Allah, born in 1910 or 1919 at Gaziabad, he studied theology at Kabul and then turned to writing and scholarship, mainly in Pashto. He also took an active part in public life as director of various cultural and educational institutions. He was a sometime professor at Kabul University. His writings include Da Pushto da adab tarikh (1954), and Da Hind safar (1955). Adamec; DcOrL Rishtiya (Rechtia, Reshtia), Sayyid Qasim, born in 1913 in Afghanistan and educated at Kabul, he was an editor of the Afghanistan almanach, a government official and a diplomat. In the 1980s he was resident in Switzerland. His writings include Afghanistan dar qarn-i nuzdah (1958), and its translation, AepaaHucmaH e XIX eeKe (1958). Adamec; IntWW,1993/94; LC Risley, Sir Herbert Hope, born in 1851 at Akeley, England, he was a scholar of Winchester and Oxford and joined the Indian Civil Service in 1873. Within five years after his arrival in India he rose to high rank in Bengal. In 1910 he returned to England to fill the post of secretary in the Public and Judicial Department in the India Office, London. His writings include The tribes and castes of Bengal (1889), and The people of India (1908). He died in London in 1911. Buckland; Dictionary of national biography; Riddick; Who was who, 1

Rist, Charles, born 1 January 1874 at Prilly, Switzerland, he received doctorates in law and political science and started his career about 1900 as a lecturer at the Faculte de droit de Montpellier. In 1909, together with Charles Gide, he published the most important of his works, Histoire des doctrines economiques depuis les Physiocrates jusqu'a nos jours. Since 1913 he lectured at the Faculte de droit de Paris, and since 1920 he held the chair of Economie politique, Economie sociale, et d'Histoire des doctrines econorniques. His studies on the German financial situation established his international monetary reputation. He was successively employed as an expert by financial institutions in Romania, Austria, Turkey, and Spain. His writings include Histoire des doctrines relatives au credit et a la monnaie depuis John Law iusqu'e nos jours (1938), its translation, History of monetary credit theory (1940), and Precis des mecenismes economtaues elementaires (1945). He died in Versailles on 10 January 1955. Dictionnaire biographique fram;ais contemporain, 1954/55; Master (2); Who's who in economics, 1986, 1999; Who's who in France, 1953/54

Rist, Ray Charles, born 7 December 1944 at Carbondale, Illinois, he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Washington University, St. Louis, Mo., with a thesis entitled The socialization of the ghetto child into the urban system. He was a professor of sociology, specializing in human ecology, civil rights, and desegregation. He held a variety of posts at home and abroad. His writings include The quest for autonomy (1972), The urban school; a factory for failure (1973), Guest workers in Germany (1978), and he edited Finding work (1986). AmM&W5, 19735,19785; ConAu, 49-52, new rev., 3; NatFacDr, 1994; WhoE, 1986-1991/92

Ristelhueber, Rene Lasxis Andre Louis, born 5 March 1881, he studied at l'Ecole des sciences politiques and l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris, and then joined the diplomatic service. He was posted to Beirut, Constantinople, and Athens. His writings include Traditions trenceises au Liban (1918), Dieux Ie veutl Recits du temps des croisades (1945), Histoire des peuples balkaniques (1950), and Au secours des refugies (1951). IndexBFr2 (1); NUC, pre-1956

Ristic, Milovan, fl. 1954, his writings include HapooHe cxymumune y npeoM cpncKoM ycmaHKy (Beograd, 1955). NUC, pre-1956 Riston, Victor, born 8 August 1862 at Malzeville (Meurthe-et-Moselle). After completing his classical education at I'lnstitution de la Malgrange, he studied at the Faculte de droit de Nancy and gained a doctorate in 1887. In 1884, he was a lawyer to the Court of Appeal, Nancy. He took an active part in public life as president and officer of several academic and municipal institutions. He was a member of the Acadernie Stanislas. Index BFr2 (1) Ritchie, Carson I. A., born 10 JUly 1928. His writings include Rock art of Africa (1979).

LC

Ritchie, James M., Rev., fl. 1966, he was a missionary and an Arabist and an advisor on Islam in the Christian Council of Kenya. He lived and worked for many years in Aden and East Africa. His writings include the pamphlets, Christianity in the Our'an (1968), and The sects of Islam as they appear in East Africa (1970). LC

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Ritchie, Ronald Stuart, born 4 July 1918 at Charing Cross, Ont., he graduated from the University of Western Ontario with the class of 1938 as gold medallist in economics and political sciences, and later took an M.A. at Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. He was a lecturer and business executive. Since 1963 he was director, Imperial Oil Ltd., and retired as its vice-president. His writings include contributions to periodicals as well as two booklets, Oil in world affairs (1951), and Western oil (1952). Canadian,1961-1975; NUC, pre-1956

Ritter, August Heinrich, born 21 November 1791 at Zerbst, Germany, he received doctorates at Halle and Berlin, and was a member of the Preul1ische Akademie der Wissenschaften since 1832. He was successively a professor of logic and history of philosophy at Kiel and Gottingen. His writings include Uber unsere Kenntnisse der arabischen Philosophie und besonders Dber die Philosophie der orthodoxen arabischen Dogmatiker (1845). He died in Gottinqen, 3 February 1869. ADtB, v. 28, pp. 673674; BiD&SB; DtBE; DtBilnd (3); EncAm; EncBrit; EncicUni; GdeEnc; Pallas; RNL

Ritter, Carl (Karl), born 7 August 1779, he established geography as a university SUbject and held the first chair at Berlin since 1825. His Erdkunde (1822-1859) is the most comprehensive scholarly work ever produced by a single person (21 volumes, ca. 30,000 pages). He also wrote Geschichte der Erdkunde und der Entdeckungen (1861). He died in Berlin, 28 September 1859. ADtB, v. 28, pp. 679-697; DtBE; DtBiln (11); EncAm; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; GSE; Master (5); Pallas; RNL

Ritter, Gert, born 12 July 1934, he received a Dr.phil. in 1964 at Bonn with a thesis entitled Ve/bert, Heiligenhaus, Tonisneid«; ku/turgeographische Entwick/ung eines niederbergischen /ndustrieraumes. He was a professor at the Seminar fur Geographie und ihre Didaktik in the Unlversitat Koln, He was joint author of Entwick/ung und reumucne Ana/yse der tDrkischen Binnenverkehrsnetze (1979), and Aktuelle Urbanisierungsprozesse in der TDrkei (1990). Kurschner, 1976-19921 Ritter, Hellmut, born 27 February 1892 at Lichtenau, Germany, he was a student of Noldeke and Brockelmann. He joined the circle of Carl H. Becker at the Kolonialinstitut, Hamburg, and gained his doctorate in 1916 at Bonn with a thesis entitled Ein arabisches Handbuch der Hande/swissenschaft. The vicissitudes of the first World War took him as an interpreter of the German army to the Ottoman Empire. From 1949 to his retirement he was a professor at Frankfurt. He died in Germany, 19 May 1971. "He belonged to a higher order of humanity. He was a great man in the real meaning of the word. He was outstanding as a scholar of genius; a master of collecting the very facts on which all deeper understanding of art and thought and history and institutitons is based, and of dealing with them. He made most significant and important additions to our store of evidence, often providing first editions of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish texts. His literary output is enormous. He was a passionate seeker of truth, a kind of secularised theologian in the religious tradition of his ecclesiastic forbears. He was also an artist, an outstanding musician, of deep and refined sensibility. He was a fearless and upright man in public life. He remained actively aloof from the perversion of German political life in the thirties and forties, and so was able to become the greatest representative of all that is great, lasting and good in Oriental studies in Germany" (Richard Walzer). His writings include Das Meer der See/e (1955), and Ober die Bildersprache Nizamis (1927). DtBE; Kurschner, 1950-1976; Oriens 23-24 (1974), pp. 1-6; Schwarz; Werist's, 1935; Welt des Islams 38 (1998), pp. 334-385; Widmann, pp. 114,284-285

Ritter, Ralf Peter, born 10 December 1938 at Berlin, he pursued Slavic, Balkan and Finno-Ugric studies at the Freie Universitat Berlin and the Universltat MOnchenwhere he received a Dr.phil. in 1972 with a thesis entitled Untersuchungen zum Partitiv im Vepsischen. His writings include Studien zu den eltesten Entlehnungen im Ostseefinnischen (1993). Thesis Ritter, Wigand, born 14 May 1933 at Scheibbs, Austria, he was a professor of economic and social geography at universities in Austria and Germany. His writings include Die Arabische Ha/binse/; ReisefOhrer mit Landeskunde (1978), Qatar, ein arabisches Erdo/emirat (1985), and Allgemeine Wirtschaftsgeographie (1991); he was also joint author of Spanien auf dem Weg nach Europa? (1985), and Reiseverkehrsgeographie (1988). EURAMES,1993; Kurschner, 1976-19921 Rittershausen, Hendrik Willem Christian, fl. 1875, he edited and translated from the Arabic of Ibn Qutaybah Verhandeling over de poezie van Ibn Qotaiba, vo/gens de handschriften van Weenen, Parijs en Damaskus (Leiden, 1875). NUC, pre-1956 Riva, Giovanni Paolo, born 22 July 1841 at Mantua (Mantova), Austria, he was imprisoned in Austria for political reasons in 1859 and then emigrated to Italy. He served as a Lombard diplomat successively in Tunis, Cairo, Constantinople, Varna, Port Said, Trebizond, Sarajevo, Galatz (Galati), and New York, where he died in 1888. IndBI (1) Rivera Recio, Juan Francisco, born in 1910, he was a sometime archivist at Toledo cathedral, and a professor of theology. His writings include La cstnearete de Tolede (1957), E/ Arzobispo de To/edo

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228 Don Bernardo de Cluny, 1086-1124 (1964), Los arzobispos de Toledo (1973), EI adopcionismo en Espana, siglo VIII (1980), and San IIdefonso de Toledo (1985). LC Rivera y Tarraqo, Julian, 1858-1934 see Ribera y Tarraqo, Julian Rivero y Sainz de Varanda, Casto Maria del, born 18 October 1873, he studied at Segovia and at the Escuela superior de diplomatica de Madrid. He was an archivist whose writings include La collecci6n de monedas lberlces del Museo arqueol6gico nacional (Madrid, 1923), La moneda arabigo-espanola; compendio de numismeiice musulmana (1933), and Indice de las personas, lugares y cosas notables que se mencionan en las Tres cr6nicas de los reyes de Castilla (1942). NUC, pre-1956 Rivet, Daniel R., born 20th cent., he was in 1993 a professor at the Departernent d'histoire contemporaine in the Universite tumiere - Lyon II. His writings include L'acier et /'industrie skierurqique (1978), and Lyautey et /'institution du protectorat trenceis au Maroc, 1912-1925 (1988), a work which was originally submitted as thesis for a doctorat d'etat in 1985 at the Universite de Paris XII. EURAMES, 1993; THESAM, 1

Rivier, Francois, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1976 from the Universite de Grenoble with a thesis entitled L'objectif de /'intensification de I'agriculture elqerienne. His writings include Industrie et politiques industriel/es en Egypte (1979), and Croissance industriel/e dans une economic assistee; Ie cas jordanien (1980). THESAM,2 Riviere, d'Alger. pratique pratique

Charles, born in 1845 at Paris, he was a sometime president of the Societe d'agriculture His writings include Cultures industriel/es en Algerie (1900), and he was joint author of Manuel de I'agriculteur algerien (1900), Cultures du Midi, de I'Algerie et de Tunisie (1906), and Trelte d'agriculture pour Ie nord de l'Afrique (1914). NUC, pre-1956

Riviere, Claude, born 24 December 1932 at Curzon (Ia Vendee), he started his career as a lecturer in logic and sociology at the Universite d'Angers and later became a professor at the Sorbonne. He had two four-year teaching spells in Guinea and Togo, from 1964 to 1968, and from 1976 to 1980, respectively. His writings include Guinea; the mobilization of a people (1977), Anthropologie religieuse des Eve du Togo (1981), and he was joint editor of Nouvelles idoles, nouveaux cultes (1990). ConAu, 102

Riviere, Paul Louis, born 3 September 1873 at Paris, he studied at the Faculte de droit de Paris and received a doctorate with a thesis entitled Protection du droit d'auteur. He was successively a lawyer to the Cour d'appel de Paris, the Ministere des Affaires etranqeres, and the Cour d'appel de Caen. He later served with the French Red Cross and accomplished missions in the Middle East, Russia, and Italy. He was a legal consultant to the Siamese government and a member of the Acadernie des Sciences coloniales. His writings, several of which were awarded by various French academies, include Precis de legislation marocaine (1927), Etudes marocaines (1928), Le droit marocain; abrege de la legislation du protectorat (1931), La sagesse de I'Orient (1948), Trelie de droit marocain (1948), and Le droit social au Maroc (1949). DBFC, 1954/55 Rivkin, Malcolm David, born 8 December 1932 at N.Y.C., he was a graduate of Harvard and M.I.T., where he also received a Ph.D. in 1964 with a thesis entitled Regional development in Turkey; an evaluation of public policy since 1923. He was an urban and regional planner as well as a consultant whose writings include Area development for national growth; the Turkish precedent (1965), Land-use and the intermediate-size city in developing countries (1976), and Approaches to planning for secondary cities in developing countries (1982). WhoCon, 1973; WhoFI, 1985/86, 1987/88 Rivlin, Benjamin, born 10 July 1921 at Brooklyn, N.Y, he gained first-hand experience of the Middle East when he served with the Office of Strategic Services in Washington, Cairo, and Tripolitania during the war. He later served for a short time with the Department of State and the Research Section of the Trusteeship Divison of the U.N. Secretariat. In 1949 he received a Ph.D. from Harvard with a thesis entitled The disposition of Italian colonies in Africa. In the same year he joined the staff of Brooklyn College where he became chairman of its Department of Political Science in 1962. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; Selim; Unesco; WhoAm, 1974-2000; WhoWorJ,1987

Rivlin, Helen Anne Bloom, born 9 April 1918 at Rochester, N.Y., she graduated from the University of Rochester with the class of 1949 and gained a D.Phil. in 1953 at Oxford with a thesis entitled The agricultural policy of Mahomet Ali in Egypt. She served for twelve years as a professor of history at the University of Maryland, College Park, before she was appointed a professor of the same subject at SUNY, Binghamton, in 1969. Her writings include The Dar al-Watha'iq in Abdin Palace at Cairo (1970), and she was joint editor of The changing Middle Eastern city (1980). DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; Master (3); WhoAmW, 1968/69; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

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229 Rivoyre, Barthelemy Louis Denis de, born in 1837, he fought in the Polish insurrection of 1863, and in 1865 set out for Africa, visiting Suakin, Massawa, and the highlands of Keren. He returned to the Red Sea in 1880, devoting himself to spreading French influence. His writings include Mer Rouge et Abyssinie (1880), Obock, Mascate, Bouchire, Bassorah (1883), Les vraies Arabes et leur pays (1884), Au pays du Soudan, Bogos, Mensah, Souakim (1885), and Les Frenceis a Obock (1887). OBF - not yet published; Hill

Rixhon, Gerard, born in 1925, he was an anthropologist and a Belgian Oblate priest who spent eleven years working in the Sulu Archipelago. He served as dean of Notre Dame of Siasi College, whose students are predominantly Muslim. He published the six-leaf Selected bibliography; Sulu (1969). Riyad, Fu'ad 'Abd al-Mun'im, born 8 October 1928 in Egypt, he gained a doctorate in private international law at Paris in 1954. He was a sometime professor of law, and chairman of the Department of International Private Law at Cairo University. His writings include La valeur internationale des jugements en droit compare (1955), and al-Jinsiyah fi al-tashri'at al-'Arabiyah (1975). Unesco Riyad, Mahmud, 1917-1992 see Riad, Mahmoud Riyad, Muhammad 'Abd al-Mun'im, d. 1947 see Riad, Mohamed Abdel Moneim Riza, Ahmed, 1859-1930 see Ahmed Riza Rlza Tevfik Boliikba~l, born in 1869 at Cesrirnustafapasa, a Balkan border town which is also known by the name of Tsaribrod and Dimitrovgrad. At the age of seven he entered the Ecole israelite at Constantinople where he learned French and Spanish. He later continued his education at Gelibolu (Gallipoli), and izmit. In 1886 he entered Galatasaray Lisesi, but his undisciplined disposition was little conducive to regular studies, neither at Galatasaray nor later at the MOlkiye and the Tibbiye, so that it was not until 1899 that he completed his medical training. He then served as a medical officer in the public health service until 1908 when he entered politics. He was elected representative from Edirne, but soon afterwards he went over to the opposition party. Since 1918 he served as minister of public instruction and subsequently president of the state council. His political fortune began to decline after he signed the treaty of Sevres and then presented the pen with which he had signed the document to Robert College, Bebek, where he was a teacher. His behaviour during the ensuing war of liberation settled his fate. As a "collaborator" he was expatriated and left Constantinople on board the Greek steamer Egypt for Alexandria on 5 November 1922. He lived in exile in Amman and Jounle, Lebanon, until a general amnesty allowed him in 1943 to return to Istanbul, where he died 31 December 1949. His writings include literary works. AnaBrit; Asia 30 (1930), pp. 160-167; EIS; Meydan; PTF, II, pp. 547-8; Turk ansiklopedisi

Rizazadah Shafaq, Sadiq, born 1892 or 3, he gained a doctorate in philosophy and was a sometime Iranian senator. His writings include Nadir Shah az nazar-i khavar'shinasi (1960). He died in 1971. Rizqanah (Rizkana), Ibrahim Ahmad, Dr., 1912-1997. His writings include Jughrafiyat a/-watan a/'Arabi (1964), a/-Jughrafiyah a/-iqlimiyah li'l-la/am a/-Islami (1966), and a/-Mujtama l a/-'Arabi (1967). LC Rizvi, Sayyed Athar Abbas, born 10 July 1921 at Jaunpur, India, he was educated at Agra University and became a university teacher. His writings include A history of Sufism in India (1978), Iran; royalty, religion and revolution (1980), Shah Wali-Allah and his times (1980), A socio-intellectual history of the Isna 'Asheti Shi'is in India (1986), and he was joint author of Fathpur Sikri (1979). IntAu&W,1976; LC Rizzardi, Clementina, fl. 1973, she was a lecturer in Ravenna antiquities at the Universita di Bologna. Her writings include Mosaici altoadriatici (1985), I tessuti copti del Museo nazionale di Ravenna (1993); she edited II mausoleo di Galla Placidia a Ravenna (1996); and she was joint editor of Avori bizantini e medievali nel Museo nazionale di Ravenna (1990). LC Rizzardi, Giuseppe, he was a lecturer in Islam at the Facolta Teologica dell'ltalia settentrionale, Milano, where he specialized in the historical relations of Islam and the West. His writings include /I fascino di Cristo nell'lslam (1989), and he was joint author of La spiritualita islamica (1986). LC Rizzitano, Umberto, born 18 October 1913, born in Alexandria, Egypt, where he also spent a large portion of his youth, he had a native command of Egyptian Arabic. He went to study in Italy, and there he obtained a doctorate in Arabic from the Unlverslta di Roma. From 1938 to June 1940, he returned to Egypt as a teacher of Arabic in Italian schools. Back in Italy, he was immediately inducted into the army and served in the Italo-German force in North Africa. Before long, he was taken prisoner and, when marched off to be shipped to India, he made his escape disguised as an Egyptian peasant. He made it to Cairo and thence with a Spanish passport to his ancestral homeland. In 1959 he was appointed to the newly created chair of Arabic at Palermo. In the 1960s and 1970s he also took an

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active interest in the establishment of the Istituto di studi arabo-islamici "Michele Amari" at Mazara del Vallo, Sicily. His writings include Terra senza crociati (1967), Corso di lingua italiana ad uso degli arabi (1971), Storia degli arabi (1971), and Storia e cultura nella Sicilia saracena (1975). He died of lung cancer, 6 February 1980. A volume in his memory was published in 1991 entitled Studi arabo-is/amici in memoria di Umberto Rizzitano, edited by Giovanni di Stefano. Chi e, 1961; Index Islamicus (3); Welt des Islams 35 (1995), pp. 126-130

Robaux, Albert, fl. 1938, he was a geological engineer and, in 1941, he headed a hydraulic mission to Morocco. He was joint author of Geologie appliquee aux grands travaux du Maroc (Rabat, 1954), and he edited Hydrogeologie du Maroc (Rabat, 1952). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Robbe, Martin, born 22 September 1932 at Auerbach-Bensheim, Germany, he received doctorates in 1963 and 1980. Since 1962 he was a researcher at the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, and since 1980, in charge of the research project "history of underdeveloped countries, with special reference to the Middle Ease' at the Zentralinstitut fur Geschichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin. His writings include Kein Friede in Nahost? (1978), Der Islam; Religion, Gesellschaft, Staat (1980), Die Verlockung der Gewalt (1981), Die Pelestinenser (1982), Der Mann, der Sadat erschof3; Revolution und Konterrevolution in Agypten (1986), and Welt des Is/ams (1988). KOrschner, 1992, 1996 Robbelen, Karl, he was a pastor of the Missionsanstalt Hermannsburg, Germany, and chairman of the Komitee fur Lutherische Evangelisationsarbeit in Persien. He wrote Die "Kirche des Ostens" in alter und neuer Zeit; kurze Darstellung der Schicksale der christlichen Kirche in Persien in 17 Jahrhunderlen (1916). He died in Pforzheim, 25 January 1933. Note

Robbins, Patrick K., born early 20th cent., he was educated in the United States and at the A.U.B. In 1966, he was teaching at the American Community School in Beirut. Robbins, Robert R., born 17 February 1909 at Dayton, Ohio, he graduated from Ohio State University with the class of 1932 and received a Ph.D. in 1942 from Ohio University at Athens with a thesis entitled The lagal background of Arabia and present tendency toward state development. He was a political scientist who spent six years at Tufts University, Medford, Mass., and ten years at the U.S. Department of State, before returning to Tufts as a professor from 1957 to 1971. He died 25 May 1980. AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; Selim; WhAm, 7; WhoAm, 1974-1980

Robe, Eugene, born in 1820. His writings include Essai sur I'histoire du droit musulman pendant les deux premiers steeles de l'is/amisme (1853), Les lois de la oroptiet« immobltiere en Algerie (1864), La proptieie immoblltere en Algerie (1875), and Origines, formation et eiet actuel de la propnete tmmobltiere en Algerie (1885). He died after 1896. NUC, pre-1956 Robecchi Bricchetti, Luigi, born in May 1855 at Pavia, he was an engineer, trained at the polytechnical institutes of Zurich, Munchen, and Karlsruhe. He travelled to Egypt in 1886 to explore the Siwa Oasis. In 1891 he explored Harar and Somaliland, from Mogadishu to Berbera by way of Cape Guardafui. His writings include Nell'Harrar (1896), Somalia e Benadir; viaggio de esplorazione (1896), and Dal Benadir(1904). In 1904 he became a missionary. He died in 1926. Chie,1908; Imperatori Robequain, Charles, born 23 June 1897 at Die (Drome), After graduating from the Lycee de Nancy he went on a graduate scholarship to the Universite de Grenoble where he received a diploma and later a doctorate with a thesis entitled Le Tanh HOB; etude geographique d'une province annamite. In the autumn of 1921 he participated in an inter-university excursion to Algeria; he submitted his agregation at Lyon. After two years' teaching at Nice, he was able to join l'Ecole francaise d'Extrerne Orient in Hanoi and stayed until 1928. Since 1931 he held successively lectureships in geography at Poitiers, Reims, and Paris, where he later taught as a professor without chair until 1945, when the chair of medieval music could be changed to a chair of tropical geography. In 1943 he was elected to the Acadernie des sciences d'outre-mer, and also became the director of the Office de la recherche scientifique coloniale. For several years after the war, he annually carried on research in overseas territories. His writings include L'lndochine ttenceise (1930), Le monde malais (1946), its translation, Malaya, Indonesia, Borneo and the Philippines (1958), Les richesse de la France d'outre-mer (1949), and Madagascar et les bases dispersees de I'Union trsncelse (1958). He died 28 September 1963. Hommes et destins, vol 1, pp. 516-518; Unesco

Rober-Raynaud, Henri, 1875-1951, he was a secretary general of I'lnstitut musulman, a member of the cabinet of Paul Revoil (1856-1914) and as such involved in all the negociations which led to the Moroccan protectorate. He was awarded commandeur de la Legion d'honneur. His writings include Faisons Ie transsaharien (1927), Le roman du Sahara (1927), and La propagande communiste dans l'Afrique du Nord (s.d.) France illustration 7 (24 fevrier 1951), p. 219

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Roberds, Frances Eugenia, born early 20th cent., she received a Ph.D. in 1943 at Hartford Seminary Foundation with her thesis, Selected translations of the devotional literature of Abu'I-Hasan al-Shadhili. Selim

Robert, Achille Georges Evariste, fl. 1900-1983, he was an administrateur principale honoraire of a Commune mixte as well as correspondant honoraire to the Mlnistere de l'instruction publique (d'Alger). His writings include L'arabe tel qu'iI est (1900). He also contributed to Receuil des notices et memolres of the Societe archeoloqique de Constantine. BN Robert, Claude-Marie, captain, born in 1893. His writings include Le pelerin de I'espace de Tripoli a Tanger (1927), Dans Ie silence et la Iumiere; voyage aux oasis (1934), and L'ermite du Hoggar (1939). NUC, pre-1956

Robert, Cyprien, born 1807. His writings include L'essai d'une philosophie d'art (1836), Les slaves de Turquie (1844), and Le monde slave (1852). LC Robert, Jacques Frederic, born 29 September 1928 at Alger, he received a doctorate in 1956 with a thesis entitled Les violations de la liberte individuelle commises par I'administration; Ie probteme des responsabilites. He was a professor of law in Algeria, Morocco, and France as well as a visiting professor abroad. His writings include La monarchie marocaine (1963), Libertes publiques (1977), and he edited L'esprit de defense (1987). IntWW, 1982-2000; Master (1); WhoFr, 1971/72-2000 Roberts, Andrew Dunlop, born 2 September 1927 at Newcastle-on-Tyne, he was a Cambridge graduate and he was a research affiliate of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute between 1965 and 1966, during which time he recorded the oral traditions of mainly the Bemba people in northern Zambia. He received his Ph.D. in 1966 from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, with a thesis entitled A political history of the Bemba to 1900. He was successively appointed a lecturer and a reader in African history at SOAS in 1971 and 1982 respectively. His writings include A history of the Bemba (1973), Tanzania before 1900 (1968), A history of Zambia (1976), and he was joint author of Africa; a handbook of film and video resources (1986); he also edited The colonial moment in Africa (1990). Unesco; WhoWor, 1987/88

Roberts, Arthur Henry, captain, born 19th cent., he served the British Empire in Egypt, the Sudan, India and Arabia both in a military capacity and as a civil administrator. During the first World War he was first in France and Italy but later was one of the British political officers stationed at Zubayr, in Mesopotamia, and remained there until the end of 1921 to help in the organization of the new Arab state of Iraq. One of his first assignments, while the war was going on, was to form several companies of soldiery from among the Arabs to replace the British and Indian troops in service at the head of the Persian Gulf along the railway to Baghdad. He was later appointed to negotiate the settlement of a rebellion along the Euphrates and succeeded in doing so without the loss of a man. Shortly afterwards he was called to the Colonial Office in London to advise on the situation in Iraq, which was then being debated at the Peace Conference. After the war he was for two years special correspondent of the London Daily Mail in Palestine and Transjordan. In 1928 he was resident in New York. Asia, 1928, p. 597 Roberts, Cokie nee Boggs, born in 1943 at New Orleans, La., she graduated from Wellesley College with the class of 1964 and became one of the most well-known news correspondents in the United States of her time. Her writings include We are our mothers' daughters (1998). ConAu, 167 Roberts, Edith Adelaide, born in 1881, she received a Ph.D. in 1916 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled The epidermal cells of roots. Her writings include American plants for American gardens (1929), and American ferns (1935). Master (1); NUC, pre-1956 Roberts, Emma, born about 1794 after her father had died, she was influenced by her mother's literary pretensions. After also her mother had died, and herself being unmarried, she was "induced to follow the fortunes of her married sister under the delusive expectation that she will exchange the privations attached to limited means in England for far-famed luxuries in the East". Fortunately she had the disposition always to make the best of a bad lot. She devoted herself to literature and journalism and found her recognition at the Oriental observer and the Asiatic journal. Her writings include Scenes and characteristics of Hindostan, with sketches or Anglo-Indian society (1835), Notes on an overland journey through France and Egypt to Bombay (1841), and Hindostan; its landscapes, palaces, temples, tombs (1850). She died in Poona in 1840. BiD&SB; Buckland; Dictionary of national biography; Master (2); Riddick; Robinson

Roberts, Ernest H., fl. 1976, he was the organizer of the exhibition held at Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, Me., in 1981, and the Textile Museum, Washington, D.C., from December 1981 to February 1982; he also wrote the catalogue entitled Treasures from Near Eastern looms (1981). LC

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Roberts, Joseph Bradin, born 26 August 1950 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was educated at Ohio State University at Columbus where he received all his degrees including a Ph.D. in 1986 with a thesis entitled Early Islamic historiography; ideology and methodology. At the time of his death of cancer in Hancock, Mich., on 20 September 1990, he was a continuing part-time assistant professor in humanities and social sciences at Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Mich. At his alma mater he served as a teaching assistant in a variety of courses, and as outreach director of the Middle East Studies Center. MESA bulletin 25 (1991), pp. 153-154; Selim Roberts, Lucien Emerson, born in 1903, he received a Ph.D. in 1942 from Duke University, Durham, N.C., with a thesis entitled The Egyptian question in European diplomacy, 1875-1887. He was joint editor of Studies in Georgian history and government (1940). He died in 1964. LC; Selim Roberts, Robert, born in 1868, he received a Dr.phil in 1907 at the Universltat Leipzig with a thesis entitled Das FamiJienrecht im ooren. Its translation was published in 1971 entitled The social laws of the Qoran, considered and compared with those of the Hebrew and other ancient codes. Schwarz Robertson, Donald Struan, born in 1855 at London, he was a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Regius Professor of Greek at Cambridge from 1928 to 1950. "From the beginning archaeology and literature were the fields of classical scholarship which engaged his interests." His writings include A handbook of Greek and Roman architecture (1929). He died in Cambridge, 5 October 1961. DNB; Who was who, 6

Robertson, Edward, born in 1879 in Scotland. He had held the chair of Hebrew at University College, Bangor, prior to his appointment in 1934 to the chair of Semitic languages and literatures in Manchester University, a post which he held until 1945 when he withdrew, with the title of professor emeritus. In 1949 he returned to public life as librarian of John Rylands Library, Manchester, a post which he held until 1962 when he retired to Hudson, P.Q. Before he left Manchester, the University conferred on him the degree of LL.D. His writings include Catalogue of the Samaritan manuscripts in the John Rylands Library (1938), and he was joint author of A descriptive catalogue of the Arabic and Persian manuscripts in Edinburgh University Library (1938). He died in 1964. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 45 (1963), pp. 273-275; Who, 1932-1964; Who was who, 6

Robertson, George Scott, Sir, born in 1852 at London, he entered the Indian Medical Service in 1878 and subsequently had a long distinguished political career in India. His writings include Kafirstan and its people (1895), The Kafirs of the Hindu-Kush (1896), and Chltrel, the story of a minor siege (1898). He died in London, 1 January 1916. Buckland; DNB; Master (2); Riddick; Who was who, 2 Robertson, James, Rev., born in 1840 at Alyth, Perthshire, he studied at Aberdeen and St. Andrews, and then served as a missionary of the Church of Scotland successively in Constantinople and Beirut from 1862 to 1875. He was for thirty years a professor of Oriental languages at Glasgow. His writings include The early religion of Israel (1892), The Old Testament and its contents (1893), and The poetry and the religion of the Psalms (1898). He died in 1920. Who was who, 2 Robertson, James Wilson, Sir, born in 1899 at Broughty Ferry, Scotland. As a civil secretary of the Sudan Government and governor-general of Nigeria, he played an important part in the arrangements leading to self-government in these countries. His writings include The Kenya coastal strip; report of the commissioner (1961), and his memoirs, Transition in Africa; from direct rule to independence (1974). He died in 1983. ConAu, 109, 110; DNB; Master (1); Who was who, 8 Robertson, John Mackinnon, born in 1856 at Brodick, Isle of Arran, he was an almost entirely selfeducated writer, newspaper editor, and politician. He was elected to Parliament in 1906 and defeated in 1918. Thereafter he returned to writing. His writings include The Modern humanists (1891), and he edited A. G. H. Beaman, The dethronement of the Khedive (1929). "Few people since the great French encyclopaedist Bayle can have had so wide a range of significant kowledge as Robertson." He died in 1933. DNB; Master (6); WhE&EA; Who was who, 3 Robie, Jean, born 19 November 1821 at Bruxelles, he studied at l'Acadernle des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles. His travels in India and the Mediterranean are the subject of his Fragment d'un voyage dans J'Inde et a Ceylan (Bruxelles, 1883). He died in Bruxelles on 8 December 1910. BioNBelg, vol. 33, cols. 626-627

Robin, Christian Julien, born 12 May 1943 at Chaumont (Haute-Marne) he studied political science, Arabic and history, specializing in the history and philology of ancient Arabia and Ethiopia under Maxime Rodinson. He spent his entire career with the C.N.R.S., from 1970 to 1978 as a technical assistant to Dr. Jacqueline Pirenne and subsequently as charge de recherche and directeur de recherche, firstin Paris and since 1985 at Institut de Recherches et d'Etudes sur Ie Monde Arabe et Musulman, Aix-en-Provence, a post which he still held in 2000. He gained two doctorates at the Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Sorbonne in 1977 and 1993. His writings include Les hautes terres du Nord-Yemen avant /'islam (1982), Recherches sur la geographie tribale et religieuse (1982), and he was editor, or joint editor, of Melanges linguistiques offerts a Maxime Rodinson (1985), Sayhadica (1987), Arabica antiqua; early origins of South Arabian states (1996), and Arabie heureuse, Arabie tiesett»; les antiquites arabiques du Musee du Louvre (1997). To the three-volume collective work, Corpus des inscriptions et entiqulte« sud-arabes (1977), he contributed the "Bibliographie generale systematique." EURAMES,1993; Private

Robin, Nil Joseph, born 1 January 1837 at Aire (Pas-de-Calais). After passing through the military college of St-Cyr, which he had entered in 1854, he received a commission as sous-lieutenant on 1 October 1856. With the exception of two years, 1878 and 1879, he was with the Bureaux des Affaires arabes in North Africa from 1859 to 1885. He retired from military service with the rank of colonel on 1 January, 1897. His writings include Histoire du Cherif Bou Bar'la (1884), Le Mzab et son annexion a la France (1884), L'insurrection de la Grande Kabylie en 1871 (1884). Peyronnet, p. 686 Robin, Pierre Ernest Marie. His writings include Le sequesire des biens enemis sous la revolution Compagnie des secreteires du roi (1933), and La poeste frangaise au service de la Resistance (1944). LC

trenceise (1929), La

Robins, Eugene E., born in 1937, he was a graduate of the California Institute of Technology, and received his Ph.D. in 1965 from U.C.L.A. He taught mathematics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 1965-1969, the University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, 1969-1973, and thereafter at the same university in Baraboo/Sauk. Robins, Philip Julian, Dr., he worked at the Economist Intelligence Unit and as a journalist based in the Middle East, before he became head of the Middle East programme at the Royal Institute of International Affairs. His writings include Jordan to 1990 (1986), The future of the Gulf (1989), and Turkey and the Middle East (1991). DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES, 1993 Robinson, Basil William, born in 1912 at London. Between 1939 and his retirement in 1976 he rose from assistant keeper to keeper emeritus at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. He was an authority on medieval Persian painting, a fellow of the British Academy, and from 1970 to 1973, president of the Royal Asiatic Society. His writings include A descriptive catalogue of the Persian paintings in the Bodleian Library (1958), Persian drawings from the 14th through the 19th century (1965), its translation, Les plus beaux dessins persans (1966), Persian paintings in the India Office Library (1976), Persian oil paintings (1977), and Studies in Persian art (1993). ConAu, 5-8, new rev., 3; Master (1); Who, 1982-2000; WhoArt, 1980-1998; WrDr, 1974/76-1999

Robinson, Charles Henry, born in 1861 in Keynsham, England, he studied at Liverpool College, and Trinity College, Cambridge, and received an honorary D.O. from Edinburgh in 1910. A priest since 1885, he travelled to Armenia in 1892 in order to report to the Archbishop of Canterbury on the condition of the Armenian Church. From 1893 to 1895 he explored the central Sudan, and from 1896 to 1906, he was a lecturer in Hausa at Cambridge. His writings include Hausa/and, or fifteen hundred miles through the Central Soudan (1896), Specimens of Hausa literature (1896), Mohammedanism, has it any future? (1897), Dictionary of the Hausa language (1899-1900), Nigeria, our latest protectorate (1900), and History of Christian missions (1915). He died in 1925. Biography and genealogy master index (1); Who was who, 2

Robinson, David Wallace, born 7 October 1938, he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Abdul Bokar Khan and the history of Futa Toro, 1853-1891. He was in 1984 a professor at the Department of History, Michigan State University, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Chiefs and clerics; Abdul Bokar and Futa Toro, 1853-1891 (1975), The holy war of Umar Tal (1985), and he was joint author of Sources of the African past (1979), The Islamic regime of Fuuta Tooro (1984) and After the jihad; the reign of Ahmad AI-Kabir in the Western Sudan (1991). NatFacDr, 1995-2000

Robinson, Edward, born 10 April 1794 at Southington, Conn., he went from farm labour to law to the study and teaching of Greek and Hebrew at Andower Theological Seminary in Massachusetts, before his curiosity and abilities led him abroad for study in Germany. Upon his return to the United States, he continued his associate with Andower until he was invited in 1837 to New York's Union Theological Seminary which granted him an immediate three-year leave to pursue his research in the Holy Land. He roamed over Palestine throughout 1838 and subjected it to the first critical study of its surface features and an analysis of its Arabic place names. He then returned to Berlin to sort out and transcribe his data. The result was the scientific location of scores of Biblical sites and the publication in 1841 of Biblical researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai, and Arabia Petrae, simultaneously published in Halle entiled Petestine und die sadltct: angrenzenden Lander, both of which established him as a leading Biblical geographer. He died in NYC on 27 January 1863. DAB; Embacher; Shavit; Vogel, p. 191 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Robinson, Edward Kay, born in 1857 at Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, he was a naturalist, writer, and editor. His writings include Kipling in India (1896), My nature notebook (1903), and The religion of nature (1906). He died in 1928. Master (1); Who was who, 2 Robinson, Francis Christopher Rowland, born 23 November 1944 at Southgate, England, he was a graduate of Cambridge where he also received a Ph.D. in 1970 with a thesis entitled The politics of P. Muslims, 1906-1922. He was a professor of history of South Asia at Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London. His writings include Separatism among Indian Muslims (1974), Atlas of the Islamic world since 1500 (1982), its translation, Der Islam; Geschichte, Kunst, Lebensformen der mohammedanischen Welt bis zur Gegenwart (1982), and he was joint editor of The Indian National Congress and Indian society, 1885-1985 (1987). ConAu, 112; Who, 1995-2000

u.

Robinson, George Livingstone, born 19 August 1864 at West Hebron, N.Y., he was a product of many schools and many educational and religious influences. An early interest in foreign missions brought him for three years to the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, as an instructor. Thereafter he studied at Berlin and Leipzig, where he gained a Dr.phil. in 1895. He taught at Knox College, Toronto, and McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago. During sabbaticals he visited Egypt, the Sudan, Syria, and spent a whole year as director of the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem. On his seventieth birthday he was honoured by the jubilee volume, From the pyramids to Paul; studies in theology, archaeology and related subjects (1935). He died in 1958. AmAu&B; NatCAB, vol. 43, pp. 552-

553; Shavit; WhAm, 3; WhNAA

Robinson, Philip Stewart, born in 1847 at Chunar, India, he was educated at Marlborough College. He spent four years as a librarian at Cardiff before going to India in 1869 where he worked as an editor until 1873 when he became a professor of literature and logic and metaphysics at Allahabad College. In 1877 he returned to England as a correspondent and editor. His writings include In my Indian garden (1897). He died in 1902. BiD&SB; Buckland; DNB; Master (2); Riddick Robinson, Richard D., born ca. 1950, he received a Ph.D. in 1984 from Wayne State University, Detroit, with a thesis entitled The process of change in a community organization. Selim Robinson, Richard Dunlop, born 11 February 1921 at Yakima, Wash., he graduated from the University of Washington, Seattle, with the class of 1942 and received a Ph.D. from M.I.T. in 1963. He was a staff member of the Institute of Current World Affairs and a representative of the Chicago Daily News Foreign Service. From 1948 to 1950, he resided in Turkey studying and reporting on contemporary Turkish life and affairs. In 1950 he served as area specialist and research assistant with the Economic Survey Mission sent to Turkey by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Thereafter he was affiliated with the American Universities Field Staff, N.Y. From 1956 to 1963 he was Turkish specialist at the Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies, and in 1963 he became a lecturer at M.I.T. His writings include Letters from Turkey to Walter S. Rogers of the Institute of Current World Affairs (1948-54), The first Turkish Republic (1963), and Internationalization of business (1984). ConAu, 5-8; Master (1); WhoCon, 1973

Robinson, Samuel, born in 1794 at Manchester, he was in the cotton business until his retirement in 1860. He took a keen interest in intellectual and social movements, particularly in his own region. From 1867 to 1871 he was president of Manchester New College. Since his young years he published translations from the German, but it was only fifty years after his first encounter with Persian literature in 1819 that his next publication on the subject appeared. He wrote Flowers culled from Persian gardens (1870), Analysis and specimens of the Joseph and Zulaikha, a historical-romantic poem, by the Persian poet Jami (1873), and Persian poetry for English readers (1883). He died in 1884. DNB Robinson, Theodore Henry, born in 1881 at Edenbridge, Kent, he was a graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge, and a professor of Semitic languages successively at Sermapore College, Bengal, and University College, Cardiff. His writings include Prophecy and the prophets in ancient Israel (1923), and A history of Israel (1932). He died in 1964. Master (3); WhE&EA; Who was who, 6 Robinson, Thomas More, born 11 April 1936 at Houghton-Ie-Spring near Durham, England, he graduated at Durham and received a B.Litt. at Jesus College, Oxford. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Calgary before he was appointed in 1978 a professor of philosophy and classics at the University of Toronto. His writings include Plato's psychology (1970), and The Greek legacy (1979). Canadian, 1979-1999; DrAS, 1974, 1978 P; Robinson, Warren Clayton, born 28 February 1928 at Point Pleasant, W.Va., he graduated from George Washington University with the class of 1952 and received a Ph.D. in 1960 at Princeton with a thesis entitled Rural-urban fertility differentials in lesser developed countries. He was a professor at Pennsylvania State University, College Park, Pa., from 1961 to 1989 and concurrently from 1964 to 1966 an advisor to the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Karachi. His writings include Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Economic growth (1964), and Studies in the demography of Pakistan (1967), Population and development planning (1975). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; WhoE, 1983, 1991

Robles Fernanadez, Fernandez, born 20th cent., he received a degree in classics and archaeology, specializing in Islamic archaeology. He was associated with the Arqueoloqo Base en Centro de Estudios Arabes y Arqueol6gicos "Ibn Arabi," Murcia. He was joint author of tietor; formas de vida rurales en Sarq al-Andalus a troves de una ocultaci6n de los siglos X-XI (1996). Arabismo, 1992 Roblin, Michel, fl. 1934. His writings include Le terroir de Paris aux epoqies galloromaine et franque (1951), and Les Juifs de Paris (1952), a work which was originally submitted at the Universite de Paris as a these compiementeire. NUC, pre-1956 Robol, Richard Thomas, born 8 February 1952 at Norfolk, Va., he graduated from the University of Virginia with the class of 1974, and was admitted to the Virginia bar in 1979. In the same year he became a partner in Seawell, Dalton, Hughes & Timms, Norfolk, Va. WhoAmL,1987/88 Roborovskii, Vsevolod Ivanovich, born in 1856 at St. Petersburg, he was an explorer who participated in expeditions to Central Asia and Chinese Turkestan. His writings include Tpyobl 3Kcneouu,uu ueneoemoocxeeo pyccxeeo eeoepedxnecseeo 06U(ecmea no llenmpensnot) A3UU (1899-1901). B. V. lusofwrote a biography, B.M. P060poecKuu (1951). He died in 1910. GSE; NUC, pre-1956 Robson, Brian Ewart, born 25 July 1926, he took a B.A. in modern history at Queen's College, Oxford, and then entered the Government Service. From 1984-86 he was a deputy Under-Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence. He pursued an interest in military history and wrote Swords of the British Army (1975), The road to Kabul (1986), and Fuzzy-wuzzy; the campaigns in the Eastern Sudan, 1884-85 (1993). Who, 1982-2000 Robson, James D., born in 1890 at Glasgow, he gained all his degrees at the University of Glasgow, including a D.Litt. in 1941 with a thesis entitled Tracts on listening to music; ancient Arabian musical instruments. In addition he received honorary degrees at St. Andrews and Manchester. He served with the Y.M.C.A. in Mesopotamia and India, and he was for seven years a missionary in Aden. From 1928 to his retirement in 1958 he was successively a professor of Arabic at Glasgow and Manchester His writings include Ion Keith-Falconer of Arabia (1923), Christ in Islam (1930), and Ancient Arabian musical instruments (1938). He died in 1981. ConAu,5-8; Sluglett; Who was who, 8 Robson, William Newby, fl. 1922. His writings include The principles of legal liability for trespasses and injuries by animals (Cambridge, 1915). NUC, pre-1956 de Rocca, Felix, 1854-1897. His writings include Sulle industrie principali della Russia (1884), De travers la Transcaucasie, la Boukharie, Ie Ferghanah et les regions I'Alaf I'Amon-Daria; voyage prepamiriennes de 1'Altai: du Carateghine et du Darvaz (1896), and L'essembiees politiques dans la Russie ancienne (1899). NUC, pre-1956

a

a

Roccabella, Antonio, fl. 1962-63. His writings include I sogni valle; liriche (Roma, 1938), and Paganesimo umeno, cristianesimo superumana (Roma, 1950). NUC, pre-1956 Roccatagliata, Ausialia, born 20th cent., she edited Notai genevesi in oltremare; atti rogati a Chio, 1453-1454, 1470-1471 (1982), Notai genevesi in oltremare; atti rogati a Pera e Mitilene (1982), and L'Officium Robarie del Comune di Genova (1989-1995). LC Rochan Zamir, Mehdi see Roschanzamir, Mehdi Rochan Zamir-Dahncke, Monika, born 15 September 1943 at Tetschen-Bodenbach, Sudetenland. She grew up in Hamburg, where her delicate health postponed her matriculation for eight years, during which period she attended a commercial school and afterwards worked at the Institute for Experimental Physics. From 1968 to 1973 she was enrolled in Islamic studies at the Unlversitat Hamburg, where she received a Dr.phil. degree in 1873 with a thesis entitled Iran in napoleonischer Zeit. Thereafter she returned with her husband to Iran, where she became affiliated with the Pahlavi Library project in Tehran. She returned to Germany in the early 1980s. Her writings include FrOhislamische Bronzen der Bumiller Collection, George ville, Canada (1988). Schwarz; Thesis Rochat, Giorgio, born in 1936 at Pavia, he was a professor of contemporary history at the Dipartimento di studi politici in the Universita di Torino. He was a member of the Istituto nazionale per la storia del movimento di Iiberazione in Italia and president of the Centro interuniversitario di studi e recerche storico-militari. His writings include L'esercito italiano da Vittorio Veneto a Mussolini, 19191925 (1967), and L'antimilitarismo oggi in /talia (1973). Wuquf2 (1987), p. 377 Rochau, August Ludwig, born 20 August 1810 at WolfenbOttel, he studied law at Gottingen for the sole purpose of broadening his education. In others ways he was a rebellious and revolutionary student Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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activist. When arrested, his attempted suicide failed and he forcibly recuperated in police custody. After his conviction to life imprisonment he was able to escape to France, where he never integrated. He was later permitted to return to Germany, where he continued his journalistic work. His writings include Die Moriscos in Spanien (Leipzig, 1853). He died in Heidelberg, 15 October 1873. Allgemeine deutsche Biographie

Roche, Anne, fl. 1975, she was a sometimelecturer in contemporary French literature at the Universite d'Aix-en-Provence. Her writings include La relative (1980); and she edited De Jean Coste, by Charles Peguy (1975), and she was joint editor of Des ennees trente, groupes et ruptures (1985). LC Roche, Paul, fl. 1964-65, he was a sometime president de chambre at the Court of Appeal, Bordeaux. His writings include La fiscalite lmmoblliere (Clermont-Ferrand, 1973). NUC, pre-1956 Rochemonteix, Frederic Josephe Maxence Chalvet de, 1849-1891 see Chalvet de Rochemonteix Rocher, Rosane, born first half of 20th cent., she was a professor of Indo-Aryan languages at the Department of South Asian Regional Studies in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, certainly from 1975 to 1985. Her writings include Alexander Hamilton, 1762-1824; a chapter in the early history of Sanskrit philology (1968), La doctrine des voix du verbe dans t'ecote panineenne (1968), a work which she originally submitted as a thesis at the Universite libre de Bruxelles in 1965, Orientalism, poetry, and the millenium; the checkered life of Nathaniel Brassey Halhed (1983); and she edited selected articles by William Norman Brown, 1892-1975, entitled India and Indology (1978), and also the collected studies by Holden Furber entitled Private fortunes and company profits in the India trade in the 18th century (1997). LC; NatFacDr, 1975-1985 Rochet d'Hericourt, Charles E. Xavier, born 11 May 1811 at Hericourt (Haute-Sa6ne), he started life as a tanner's apprentice in Strasbourg. Having developed new methods, he anticipated to capitalize on his invention in Italy, Tunis or Cairo. He was fortunate that the Egyptian khedive entrusted him with the mangement of an indigo manufactury. In 1839 he resigned this position to travel to Abyssinia for eight months before returning to France. For the description of this first journey, Voyage sur la cote orientale de la mer Rouge (1841), he was awarded the Legion d'honneur. He returned to Abyssinia in 1845, and he published this travel account in the following year entitled Second voyage sur les deux rives de la mer Rouge, dans Ie pays des Adels et Ie royaume de Choa (1846). He became officier de la Legion d'honneur, and was nominated consul at Jiddah, a post which he still held when he died prematurely on 19 March 1854. His writings include the translation, Reise in das Konigreich Schoa im mittaglichen Abyssinien wsnrena der Jahre 1842, 1843 und 1844 (1847). Embacher; Lamathiere Rock, Fred Hans Herbert, born 27 March 1921 at Jena, Germany, he graduated from the Gymnasium Fridericianum, Rudolstadt, in February 1939 and was inducted into para-military service (Reichsarbeitsdienst) in April and into the armed forces in August of the same year. He saw action in France, Russia, and North Africa, where he was taken prisoner in Tunisia in May 1943. He spent the following five years as a French prisoner of war in North Africa. From 1949 to 1952 he studied forestry at the Universltat Gottingen. After a brief employment (1953-1956) at a federal forestry laboratory in Reinbek he accepted a position as silviculturist at the Sudan Forest Department. On 1 January 1959 he was appointed head of the Forest Ranger's School, Khartoum. In 1960 he received a Dr.phil. from the Universitat Hamburg with a thesis entitled Der Anbau von Nadelh61zern im Sudan. Schwarz; Thesis Rockey, Noble Lee, born 7 June 1857 at Columbus, Ohio, he graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University with the class of 1884. In the same year he went to India under the North India Conference. He was stationed first at Bijnor and then at Kanpur Memorial School. He later served as district superintendent in Shahjahanpur, Dwarahat, Bareilly (Rohilkhand) and Gonda. He had much experience in evangelistic work and sent out a constant stream of tracts in Urdu and English. For twenty-eight years he edited Children's friend in both Urdu and Hindi. He wrote The year 1901 in our India missions; being a report from each presiding elder's district, with notes from reports of some of the committees (Sitapur, 1902). He received a D.O. degree. He died in Bareilly, on 1924. Encyclopedia of world Methodism Rocoles, Jean Baptiste de, born in 1620 at Beziers (Herault), he gained a doctorate and he was a sometime professor at the Universite de Paris. He married at Berlin and later was awarded the pompous title historiographer of France and Brandenburg, an honour which also carried a state pension. He had a checkered religious life; he was successively chanoine de Paris, a Protestant at Geneve, again a Catholic in France, then a Protestant in the Netherlands. He died a Catholic in Toulouse in 1696. His writings include Abrege de I'histoire de I'empire d'Allemagne (1697). GDU; Hoefer; IndexBFr 2 (3)

de Roda, Cecilio, born in 1865, his writings include Los instrumentos masicos y las danzas (1905), and La mustoe profana en el reinado de Carlos I (1912). He died in 1912. NUC, pre-1956

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Rodd, Francis James Rennell, Baron Rennell of Rodd, born in 1895, he was educated at Eton and Oxford. After military service in the Middle East, 1917-1918, he entered the diplomatic service in 1919 His writings include People of the veil (1926), and British military administration of occupied territories during the years 1941-1947 (1948). He died in 1978. Bioln 13; DNB; IntWW,1974-1977; Who was who, 7 Rodd, James Rennell, Baron, 1858-1941 see Rennell, James Rennell Rodd, Baron Rodd Balek, fl. 1920-1922, he was affiliated with the Comite de l'Afrique francalse, and he wrote La Tunisie epres la guerre; probtemes politiques (Paris, 1920-21). BN Roden, David, he was affiliated with the Historical Association of Kenya. His writings include The twentieth century decline of Suakin (Khartoum, Sudan Research Unit, University of Khartoum, 1970), and Readings in the historical geography of the East African interior (Kampala, Uganda, Department of Geography, Makerere University, 1975). LC Rodenberg, Julius, born 5 May 1884 at Bremerhaven, Germany, he studied theology, Oriental languages and history of art and received a Dr.phil. in 1910 at Heidelberg with a thesis entitled Die heilige Katharina von Siena und ihre Darstellung in der Sienesischen Kunst. From 1921 to 1952 he was head of the fine art section at the Deutsche BOcherei, Leipzig. His writings include Buchdruck des Morgenlandes (1948), and GroBe und Grenze der Typographie (1959). He died in Berlin, 23 January 1970. Borsenb/att far den deutschen Buchhande/26 xx (10.

Marz 1970), pp. 573-574; JahrDtB,1925-1955

Rodenwaldt, Gerhart, born 16 October 1886 at Berlin, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1908 at the Universitat Halle with a thesis entitled Qua ratione pictores Pompeiani in componendis parietibus usi sint. He also received honorary doctorates at Athens and Sofia. He was a classicist and archaeologist and, from 1922 to 1932, president of the Archaoloqisches Institut des Deutschen Reiches, and since 1933 he was a professor at Berlin. He died on 27 April 1945. DtBE; Gnomon 21 (1949), pp. 82-86; KUrschner, 19251940/41; Wer ist's, 1922-1935

Roder, Josef Georg Benedikt, he participated in the 1937-1938 Frobenius expedition to the Moluccas Islands and Dutch New Guinea and he received a Dr.phil in 1941 at the Universltat Frankfurt am Main with a thesis entitled Die Sima-Sima; eine schamanistische Kulturgemeinschaft auf SOdmittelceram. His other writings include Pfahl und Menhir; eine vergleichend vorgeschichtliche, volks- und volkerkundliche Studie (1949). GV Roder, Kurt, born 16 November 1881, he received a doctorate in 1926 at the Universitat Bonn with a thesis entitled Die Porzellanmanufaktur zu Kelsterbach am Main. In 1935 he was a lecturer at the Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt. His writings include Das Kelsterbacher Porzellan (1931). GV; KUrschner, 1935

Rodes, Jean, born 19th cent. His writings include Heures egyptiennes (1899), La Chine nouvelle (1910), L'heure du Bedouin (1924), and La Chine nationaliste, 1912-1930 (1931). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Rodet, Joseph Marie, born 21 March 1859 at Villemetier (Ain), he enlisted in 1880 in the army and, after passing through the military college of St-Maixent, which he had entered in 1884, he received a commission as sous-lieutenant on 21 March 1885. He spent twenty-two years with the Bureau des Affaires indigenes de l'Alqerle, from which he took early retirement in 1909 with the rank of captain and chef de bureau. Interrupted only by military call-up from 1914 to 1919, he managed his estates in the region of Brazza, rendering valuable service to Algerian agriculture. He died in 1931. Peyronnet, p. 879 Rodger, Jinx nee Witherspoon, born in 1925 at Beirut, she was educated at colleges in the United States and became a foreign journalist and a traveller who also crossed the strife-torn Algerian Sahara by car. WhoAmW, 1958/59 Rodlere, Rene, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1931 at the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled Contribution a I'etude du delit politique en droit franr;ais. His writings include Legislation de l'Afrique du nord en guerre, 1942-1943 (1943), and Droit des transports (1953-55). NUC, pre-1956

Rodiger, Emil, 1801-1874 see Roediger, Emil Rodinson, Maxime, born 20th cent., he was educated at Paris, then worked as an errant boy before proceeding to Semitic studies, ethnography and sociology at l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, the Sorbonne, and the Ecole pratique des hautes etudes. After serving in the army in Syria during the war, he stayed in Lebanon, working as a French teacher at a Muslim secondary school and as an official in the French Department of Antiquities for Syria and Lebanon. He returned to Paris in 1947 to take charge of Oriental printed books at the Bibliotheque Nationale. From 1955 to his retirement he was a professor at the Ecole pratique des hautes etudes in the Sorbonne. He joined the Communist Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Party in 1937 and he became acquainted with the Communists and the Left in the Middle East. He left the Communist Party in 1958, but stayed in the Marxist Left as a free-lance writer. His writings include Marxisme et Ie monde musulman (1972), its translation, Marxism and the Muslim world (1979), La fascination de /'islam (1978), its translations, Die Faszination des Islam (1985), Europe and the mystique of Islam (1988), Les Arabes (1979), and its translation, Die Araber (1981), and L'islam; politique et croyance (1993). He was honoured by the jubilee volumes, Le cuisinier et Ie philosophe; hommage a Maxime Rodinson, and Melanges linguistiques offerts a Maxime Rodinson, published in 1982 and 1985 respectively. ConAu, 53-56, new rev. 4; Unesco; WhoFr, 1969/70-2000

Rodionov, Mikhail Anatol'evich, born 9 October 1946 at Leningrad, he received a doctorate in 1991 with a thesis entitled Tpeauuuonnoe Kynbmypa 3anaoH080 XaonaMayma. He was an Arabic ethnographer affiliated with the Leningrad Ethnographical Institute since 1974. His writings include Maponumu (1982), lony6aR 6ycuHa ne MeoHou neoonu (1988); he was joint editor of Tpeauuuonnoe MUpoB033peHue y nepoooe nepeoHeu A3UU (1992), and Paca'un an-XUKMa, I-XIV (1995). Miliband 2 Roditi, Edouard D'israeli or Herbert, born 6 June 1910 at Paris of American parents, he was a journalist, poet, writer, and translator who won widespread acclaim for his translations. After the war he served as a translator and interpreter at the NOrnberg court martial. His writings include The delights of Turkey (1977). He died in 1992. ConAu, 101, 137; Master (6); WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978; WrOr, 1982/841996/98

Rodkey, Frederick Stanley, born 31 January 1896 at Irving, Kan., he received a Ph.D. in 1921 from the University of Illinois with a thesis entitled The Turco-Egyptian question in the relations of England, France, and Russia, 1832-1841. He was a professor of history at the University of Illinois. Master (1); Selim; WhE&EA; WhNAA

Rodriges, Aleksandr Manuel'evich. His writings include Hetpmi. u 3BonlOu,UR couuensnux cmpyKmyp epeeuticeux MOHapxuu (1989). LC Rodrigez Fernandez, A. M. see Rodriges, Aleksandr Manuel'evich Rodrigues, Manuel Augusto, fl. 1974. His writings include Saudades de quem amei; poemas (Lisboa, 1974), and Poemes de printemps (Paris, 1972). LC Rodriguez Aguilera, Cesareo, born 18 May 1916. His writings include Majmu'at a/-qawanin a/Maghribiyah (1947), Manual de derecho de Marruecos (1952), its translation, Manuel de droit marocain, zone espagnole (1954), La realidad y el derecho (1974), La sentencia (1974), and EI poder judicial en la constituci6n (1980). LC Rodriguez Carrion, Alejandro J., born 20th cent., his writings include Uso de la fuerza por los estados (1974), and Lecciones de derecho internacional publico (1984-1994). LC Rodriguez Casado, Vicente, born in 1918 at Ceuta. For most of his academic career he was affiliated with the Universidad de Sevilla as a historian. His writings include Polftica marroqui de Carlos III (1946), Jorge Juan en la Corte de Marruecos (ca. 1947), and Conversaciones de historia de Espana (1963-1965). OSEC Rodriguez Joulia-Saint Cyr, Carlos, fl. 1954, his writings include Felipe III y el Rey de Cuco (1953), and he was joint author of Larache; datos para su historia en el siglo XVII (1973). LC Rodriguez Lorente, Juan Jose, born 20th cent., his writings include Las monedas de Isabel II (1967), Numismetice de la Murcia musulmana (1984), and he was joint author of Prontuario de la moneda arabigo-espanola (1982), Aportaci6n a la numismatica hispano-musulmana (1985), and Nurmsmetice de Ceuta musulmana (1987). LC Rodriguez Lozano, Jose Antonio, born 20th cent., he gained a diploma in Semitic languages, specializing in the Islamic history of Andalusia. He was attached to the Departemento de Historia del Islam de la Facultad de Filosoffa y Letras de Granada in 1992. Arabismo, 1992 Rodriguez Molero, Francisco X., S.J., fl. 20th cent., his writings include Prectice y breve declaraci6n del camino espiritual (1967). LC Rodriguez Villa, Antonio, born 17 January 1843 at Madrid, he was a trained archivist and gained a diploma in philosophy and letters in 1868. He was a sometime lecturer in history of medieval Spanish institutions at the Escuela de Diplornattca. In 1868 he was appointed archivist at the Museo Arqueol6gico Nacional, a post which he held until 1888 when he moved to the Biblioteca de la Academia de la Historia. His writings include Bosquejo bioqretico de la reina Dona Juana (1874), Ambrosio Spinola,

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primer marques de los Balbases (1904), and Artfculos hist6ricos (1913). He died on 3 May 1912. EncicUni; IndiceE3(5); Ruiz C

Roe, Sir Charles Arthur, born 24 September 1841, he was educated at Merton College, Oxford, joined the Civil Service in the Panjab in 1863, and retired in 1898. He was chief judge of the Panjab Chief Court and vice-chancellor of Panjab University. He was awarded a LL.B. from the University of Pennsylvania and K.B. in 1897. He was joint author of Tribal law in the Punjab, so far as it relates to right in ancestral land (Lahore, 1895). He died in 1927. Buckland; IndianBiind (2); Riddick; Who was who, 2 Roederer, Paul, born 19th cent., he was joint author, with C. Roederer, of La Syrie et la France (Paris, 1917). He died in 1915. NUC, pre-1956 Roediger, Emil, born 13 October 1801 at Sangerhausen, Saxony, he early in life lost his parents and grew up at the orphanage of the Franckeschen Stiftungen, Halle, and subsequently attended the university there and gained a Dr.phil. in 1826 and, two years later, a theological diploma with a thesis entitled Commentatio qua vulgata opinio de interpretatione arabica librorum V.T. historicorum ex greca Alexandrina ducta refutatur. He was a professor of Oriental languages at his alma mater from 1830 to 1860, when he was appointed to the same post at the Universitat Berlin. His writings include Chrestomathia syriaca (1838), and Versuch aber die Himjaritischen Schriftdokumente (1841). He died on 15 June 1874. ADtB, v. 29, pp. 26-30; DtBE; EncicUni; Fuck, p. 173 Roediger, Hermann Johannes, born 15 October 1845 at Halle, he studied Oriental languages and classical philology at Berlin, Leipzig, and Halle where he received a Dr.phil. in 1869 with a thesis entitled De nominibus verborum Arabicis. In 1870 he obtained a post at the Leipzig university library as an assistant. Two years later, he became keeper at the university library, Breslau, and in 1876, he was appointed chief librarian at Konigsberg. From 1887 to 1920 he held the same post at Marburg, where he died on 29 December 1930. DtBE; DtBilnd (2); JahrDtB, 1902-1929 Roelofsz, M. A. P. Meilink, 1905-1988 see Meilink-Roelofsz, Marie Antonette Petronella Roemer, Hans Robert, born 18 February 1915 at Trier, Germany, he studied Arabic, history of the Middle East, and Slavic philology at Bonn, Berlin, and Gottingen, where he gained a Dr.phil. in 1939 with a thesis entitled Der Niedergang Irans nach dem Tode tsmeus des Grausamen. He was a director of the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mainz, from 1949 to 1955, followed by years with Deutsches Archaologisches Institut, Cairo. He was founding director of the Orient-Institut der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft in Beirut, 1961-1963, and from 1964 to his retirement in 1983 he was chairman of the department of Islamic studies at Freiburg im Breisgau. Since 1985 he was an honorary member of the Societe asiatique. Under his aegis a great many students not only speedily completed their theses, but also found posts at a variety of institutions throughout Germany. On his sixty-fifth birthday he was honoured by Mittela/ter und Neuzeit; Festschrift far Hans Robert Roemer (1979). He died on 15 July 1997. Kurschner, 1966-1996; Schoeberlein; Schwarz; Welt des Islams 38 (1998), pp. 1-8 Roesler, Eduard Robert, born 2 March 1836 at Olmutz (Olomouc), Moravia, he studied law and history at the Universitat Wien where he gained a Dr.phil. in 1860. He taught history for a few years at his alma mater. A travel grant enabled him to visit Egypt and Italy (1865-66) before he became a professor of Austrian history at the Universitat Lemberg (Lvov) from 1869 to 1871 when he was appointed a professor of geography and history at the Universltat Graz. His writings include Kaiserwahl Karl's V (1868), and Romanische Studien (1871). He died in Graz on 6 August 1874. DtBE; OBL Roest Crollius, Ary A., born first half 20th cent., his writings include Thus were they hearing; the word in the experience of revelation in Qur'an and Hindi scriptures (Roma, 1974); he was joint author of Creative inculturation and the unity of faith (1986); and he edited Islam und Abendland (1982). LC Roff, William Robert, born 2 May 1929 at Glasgow, he graduated at the University of New Zealand, and received a Ph.D. in history in 1965 at the National University of Australia. Since 1973 he was a professor at the South Asian Institute in Columbia University, N.Y.C., where he pursued an interest in Muslim social history, with special reference to the 18th to 20th centuries. On his retirement in 1991 he became a professor emeritus. His writings include The origins of Malay nationalism (1967), Bibliography of Malay and Arabic periodicals in the Straits Settlements and Peninsular Malay States, 18761941 (1972), and Kelantan; religion, society, and politics in a Malay state (1974); and he edited Islam and the political economy of meaning (1987). ConAu, 57-60; DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; DrBMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; MESA Roster of members, 1990; Private; WhoAm, 1986-2000

Roffo, Pierre, born in 1897, he received a medical doctorate in 1923 at Alger with a thesis entitled Valeur des reactions sanguines et en particulier de la reaction iodophile des leucocytes dans les ebces amibiens du fois. He was a member of the Institut international d'anthropologie. NUC, pre-1956

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Rogalla von Bieberstein, born 19th cent., he was a Prussian lieutenant-colonel. Around the turn of the century he was living in retirement at Dresden. Kilrschners deutscher Literatur-Kalender, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 19021

Rogalla von Bieberstein, A., born 19th cent., his writings include the booklet, RuBland und England einem russischen Angriff auf Britisch-Indien gegenOber (Hamburg, 1892). GV; NUC, pre-1956 Rogati, Elio, fl. 1965, his writings include La seconda rivoluzione algerina (Roma, 1965), and he edited Esame dei problemi della emigrazione (Roma, 1974). lC Rogel, Carole Rose, born 30 January 1939 at Cleveland, Ohio, she graduated from Western Reserve University, Cleveland, with the class of 1960 and received a Ph.D. in 1966 from Columbia University, New York, with a thesis entitled The Slovenes and the Southern Slav question. Since 1970 she was a professor of history at Ohio State University. Her writings include Slovenes and Yugoslavism, 18901914 (1977), The breakup of Yugoslavia and the war in Bosnia (1998), and she was joint author of Historical dictionary of Slovenia (1996). DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; WhoAmW, 1983/84

Rogers, A. L., he was secretary of the Liberty Restoration League, London, in 1942. His writings include Our peace crisis (London, 1944), and The Palestine mystery (London, 1948). BlC

Rogers, Alexander, 1826?-1911. His writings include The land revenue of Bombay (1892); he was joint author, with Robert Jones Griffiths, of In Persia's golden days (1889); and he translated from the Persian Shah-namah (1907). lC

Rogers, Amos Robert, born 9 September 1927 at Moncton, N.B., he graduated from the University of New Brunswick with the class of 1948 and gained an M.A. in philosophy at the University of Toronto, a post-graduate diploma in librarianship at the University of London, and a Ph.D. in 1964 at the University of Michigan with a thesis entitled American recognition of Canadian authors writing in English, 18901960. He served as a librarian in various capacities in Canada and the U.S.A. before he was appointed dean of the School of Library Science in Kent State University in 1978. From 1976 to 1977 he was a visiting professor at the Department of Library Science in Pahlavi University, Shiraz. He died on 22 June 1985. Canadian,1979-1985; Libraryquarlerly28 (July 1958), p. 203; WhAm,9; WhoLibS, 1955

Rogers, Charles James, born in 1838 at the hamlet Wilne Mills, Derbyshire, he was educated at local schools and obtained by competition a Queen's Scholarship at the Borough Road College, London. After two years' training at the College he was appointed master of the National School at Fenstanton. Whilst there he prepared for work in India by studying Oriental languages at Cambridge. Under the Christian Vernacular Education Society he was sent out to Amritsar in 1863 to establish and conduct a training college for native teachers. He remained its principal for twenty-two years. Concurrently he pursued an interest in the history and archaeology of India, taking up numismatics as a specialty. His ability and knowledge were recognized by his being appointed in 1896 archaeological surveyor of the Panjab. His fortune waned when the Government in a time of retrenchments abolished the appointment. A year before his death he obtained the small post of secretary to the Religious Book Society at Lahore where he died in November of 1898. His writings include Catalogue of the coins in the Government Museum, Lahore (1891), and Coin-collecting in northern India (1894) as well as numerous articles in the Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society. Buckland; JRAS, 1999, pp. 479-481 Rogers, Edward Thomas, born in 1830 or 1831, he was attached to Palestine consulates from 1848 to 1860, was a consul at Damascus from 1860 to 1868, when he was posted to Cairo where he remained until his retirement in 1875. Thereafter he successively served as agent in England for the Egyptian Government and director of public instruction at Cairo to his death 10 June 1884. His writings include Boase; Notices of the modern Samaritans (1855), and The coins of the Tt1It1ni dynasty (1877). Egyptology (where other references)

Rogers, John Michael, born 25 January 1935, he received a D.Phil. in 1972 at Oxford with a thesis entitled Patronage in architecture among the Anatolian Seljuks, 1200-1300. He was affiliated with the Department of Oriental Antiquities of the British Museum from 1977 until 1991 when he was appointed Nasir D. Khalili Professor of Islamic art and archaeology at SOAS. He pursued an interest in history of architecture, the arts and archaeology of Islamic Egypt and Syria, Turkey, Iran and Central Asia, with some bias towards the later cultures of Islam: Mamluks, Ottomans, Mongols, Safavids and Mughals. His writings include From antiquarianism to Islamic archaeology (1974), Myth and ceremony in Islamic painting (1979), Islamic art and design, 1500-1700 (1983), Mughal miniatures (1993), and Empire of the sultans; Ottoman art from the collection of Nasser D. Khalili (1995). Who, 1989-2004

Rogers, M. H., fl. 1976, he was a librarian at the Institute of Development Studies in the University of Sussex, Brighton. His writings include a Report on a tour of East Africa, JUly-August 1966 (1967).

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Rogers, William Pierce, born 23 June 1913 at Norfolk, Va., he graduated from Colgate University with the class of 1934 and received a LL.B. in 1937 from Cornell University. From 1957 to 1961 he was attorney general of the United States. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; IntWW, 1979-2000; Master (6); WhoAm, 198019941

Roget, Jacques, captain, he was in 1945 posted to the Service des Affaires militaires musulmanes in Algeria. Note Roginskaia, Frida Solomonovna, fl. 1951-1955, she was a writer on art and artists. Her writings include Kpy>KOK usoeoesumenenoeo ucsyccmee e Kny6e (1951). LC Rognon, Pierre, born 15 July 1931 at Alger, he received a doctorate in 1967 from the Unlversite de Paris with a thesis entitled Le massif de I'Atakor et ses bordures (Sahara central); etude qeomorphologique. He became a professor of geography. His writings include Un massif montagneux en region tropicale aride, I'Atakor (1971), and Biographie d'un desert (1989); he was joint author of Les zones tropicales arides et subtropicales (1970). Unesco Rohde, Hans, born 19th cent., he retired from the German army with the rank of major. His national conservative writings include Meine Erlebnisse im Balkankrieg und kleine Skizzen aus dem tutkiscnen Soldatenleben (1912), Deutschland in Vorderasien (Berlin, 1916), Der Kampf um Asien (1924), its Turkish translation, Asya iyin macadele (1932), Deutsch-franzosische Machtfaktoren (1932), and its translations into English, French, and Spanish. Rohlfs, Friedrich Gerhard, son of a physician, was born 14 March 1831 at Bremen-Vegesack. After the gymnasium in OsnabrOck, he joined the army in 1848 and became an officer in 1850. He later studied medicine at Heidelberg, WOrzburg and Gottingen, but his inclination for travelling induced him to go to Algeria and enlist in the French Foreign Legion. He took part in the conquest of Kabylia, and was decorated for his bravery a chevalier de la Legion d'honneur. Having mastered Arabic, and gained a thorough knowledge of native customs, he set out in 1860 on a life of exploration. For twentyfive years, with the exception of 1869-1872, he visited many regions of Africa north of the equator, not previously traversed by Europeans. The value of his work was recognized in 1868 by the Royal Geographical Society, which bestowed on him the Patron's Medal. His writings include the translation, Tripolitania; viaggio da Tripoli all'oasi di Kufra (1913). He died in Bonn-ROngsdorf on 2 June 1896. DtBE; DtBilnd (9); Embacher; EncAm; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; GSE; Hommes etdestins, 7, pp. 417-419; Pallas; RNL

Rohling, Horst, born 28 October 1929 at Zwickau, Germany, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1956 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled Ludwig Heinrich Jakob und RuBland. He served as a librarian at the university library in Bochum from 1961 to 1994 and concurrently he was a lecturer in history of the Eastern Church at the Universltat Bochum. His writings include Slavica bibliotheca, ecclesia orientalis (1981), and Drei Bulgaro-Germanica (1983). JahrDtB, 1963-1997/98; KOrschner, 1987-1996; WhoWor, 1987/88, 1989/90 Rohn, Peter H., born in 1924, he received a Ph.D. in 1958 from the University of Washington with a thesis entitled European integration; a comparison of institutions. His writings include World treaty index (1974), and its two-volume second edition in 1983-1984. LC Rohner, Beatrice, born 23 March 1876 at Basel. After graduating from high school in Basel in 1894, she went to Paris as a private teacher. In 1898 she entered the service of Deutscher Hilfsbund fur christliches Liebeswerk im Orient. In the following year she became first a teacher and soon thereafter also a missionary at its school in Constantinople. From 1900 to 1915 she served in Maras as a warden of an Armenian orphanage, followed by two years in Aleppo among deported Armenians. For reasons of poor health she returned to Germany. In 1933 she became head of the newly established Erholungsheim Bethanien in WOstenrot near Heilbronn, where she died on 9 February 1947. Her writings include Junqer Jesus aus der Kirche der Armen (1946). A small commemorative volume was published in 1947 entitled Gedenkschrift far Schwester Beatrice Rohner. Gedenkschrift Rohner, Edmund, fl. 1979. His writings include Wer bedroht die Golfregion? (Berlin, Dietz,1981) Rohr, Rene R. J., born in 1905 at Strafsburq, he was a capitaine au long cours. His writings include Entre moussons et etizes (1963), Les cadrans solaires (1965), its translation, Sundials; history, theory and practice (1970), and Les cadrans solaires anciens d'Alsace (1971). LC Rohrbach, Carl Albert Paul, born 29 June 1869 at Irgen, Kurland, he studied history and geography at Dorpat and gained a Dr.phil. in 1891 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Die alexandrinischen Patriarchen als Grol3macht in der kirchenpolitischen Entwicklung des Orients. He subsequently began to study theology, a subject which he completed at Strar.!>burg in 1898. For five years he travelled in Siberia, Turkestan, Persia and Turkey. He was briefly an editor at the political weekly die Zeit. The publication Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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in 1903 of his Deutschland unter den Weltvalkern brought him wide publicity. From 1903 to 1906 he was imperial commissary for settler affairs in German Southwest Africa. Since 1914 he was publisher of Das graBere Deutschland, a periodical which proclaimed German cultural imperialism. In the interwar years he was one of the most widely read political commentators. In 1924 he founded the journal Der deutsche Gedanke and published several travel accounts. His writings include In Turan und Armenien auf den Pfaden russischer Weltpolitik (1898), Vom Kaukasus zum Mittelmeer (1903), Der deutsche Gedanke in der Welt (1912), its translation, German world policies (1915), Armenien, Beitrage zur armenischen Landes- und Volkskunde (1919), Erwachendes Asien (1932), Deutschlands koloniale Forderungen (1935) and Balkan - TOrkei; eine Schicksalszone Europas (1940). He died in Langenburg, 20 July 1956. Baltisch (6); Deutsche biographische Enzyklpadie; KOrschners deutscher Literatur-Kalender, 1913-1943; Wer ist's, 1909-1935

Rohrborn, Klaus Michael, born 10 January 1938 at Dippoldiswalde, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1966 from the Universitat Hamburg with a thesis entitled Provinzen und Zentralgewalt Persiens im 16. und 17. Jahrhunderl. Since 1972 he was a professor of Islamic studies and Turkology at the Universitat GieBen. His writings include Untersuchungen zur osmanischen Verwaltungsgeschichte (1973), Uigurisches Warlerbuch; Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen tarkischen Texte (1977), and a Persian translation of his doctoral thesis in 1978. KOrschner, 1976-2003; Schwarz Rohricht, Reinhold, born 18 November 1842 at Bunzlau, Prussia, he was a trained theologian and received a Dr.phil. in 1868 from the Unlversitat Halle with a thesis entitled De Kantii causa finali. He became a teacher at Humboldt-Gymnasium, Berlin, from 1875 to his retirement in 1904. He was an indefatigable scholar of the crusades and medieval Palestine pilgrim literature. His writings include Beitrage zur Geschichte der Kreuzzuqe (1874-78), Die Geschichte der KreuzzOge im UmriB (1898), Die Geschichte des Kanigreichs Jerusalem, 1101-1291 (1898), Bibliotheca geographica Palaestinae (1890), and Deutsche Pilgerreisen nach dem Heiligen Lande (1900). He died in Berlin on 1 May 1905. Geographische Zeitschrift, 1905, p. 591

Rohrmoser, Klaus, born 12 March 1931 at Berlin, he was educated in Konigsberg, Berlin and MOnchen. After a diploma from a national experimental farm in FOrstenfeldbruck, he studied agriculture at MOnchen and received a doctorate in 1964 at Hohenheim with a thesis entitled Untersuchungen abet Beziehungen zwischen Witterung und Erlrag bei Weizen, Gerste und Baumwolle in einigen Gebieten der TOrkei. In 1954 and 1955 he was an exchange student at a variety of Turkish state experimental stations. He was awarded a Turkish stipend to study at Ege Oniversitesi Ziraat FakOltesi from 1957 to 1960. His writings include Olpflanzenzachtung in Marokko (1975), and Kompendium far Feldversuche in the Technischen Zusammenarbeit (1984). LC; Schwarz; Thesis Ro'i, Yaacov, born 12 October 1933 in the UK, he was educated at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, where he also received a doctorate in 1972. He was a sometime director of the Russian and East European Research Centre, Tel Aviv University. His writings include Fom encroachment to involvement (1974), Soviet decision making in practice; the USSR and Israel, 1947-1954 (1980); he was joint author of The Soviet military involvement in Egypt, 1970-1972 (1974); and he edited The limits of power; Soviet policy in the Middle East (1980), and The USSR and the Muslim world (1984). LC; Schoeberlein

Roider, Karl Andrew, born 25 December 1943 at Poughkeepsie, N.Y., he graduated from Yale University in the class of 1965 and received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Stanford University with a thesis entitled A case study in eighteenth century war and diplomacy; Austria's policy in the Austro-Turkish-Russian war of 1737-1739. Since 1968 he was a professor of history, and later dean, at Lousiana State University, Baton Rouge, La., posts which he still held in 2004. His writings include The reluctant ally; Austria's policy in the Austro-Turkish war, 1737-1739 (1972), and Baron Thugut and Austria's response to the French Revolution (1987). ConAu, 111; DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1994-2004 Rokach, Livia, fl. 1978, her writings include Israel's sacred terrorism (1980), its translation, Israil'in kutsal terora (Istanbul, 1984), and The Catholic Church and the question of Palestine (1987). LC Roland, Joseph, fl. 1911-1914, he was an administrateurde commun mixte at Orleansville, Algeria. Roland-Gosselin, Marie Dominique, O.P., born in 1883, his writings include Aristote (1928), and L'amour, a-t-i1tous les droits? Peut-il etre un peche? (1929). NUC, pre-1956 Roldan y Guerro, Rafael, born 27 December 1888 at Sevilla, he obtained a doctorate in 1925 at the Universidad de Madrid with a thesis entitled La farmacia militar espanola en el siglo XVIII. Afterwards he taught at the Facultad de Farmacia de Madrid. In 1937 he was appointed head of Servicios de Farmacia del VII Cuerpo de Ejercito. With C. Benito del Calio he published Ceremice farmaceutica; apuntes para su estudia (1928). Figuras de hoy, t. 1; LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Rolin, Alberto Gustave Marie, baron, born 16 July 1843 at Mariakerke-Iez-Gand, Belgium, he was educated at l'Athenee royale de Gand and College Rollin, Paris. He studied at l'Universite de Gand where he received a doctorate in law in 1864. In the same year he was admitted to the bar. Since 1881 he was a professor at his alma mater. He collabotated with the foundation of the Institut de droit international as well as its first session in 1873. In 1926, he was an honoray president of the Institut. His writings include Le droit moderne et la guerre (1920-21), and Les origines de I'Institut de droit international, 1873-1923; souvenirs d'un temoin (1923). He died in 1937. NUC, pre-1956; BiBenelux (Universlte de Gand: Liber memorialis, t. 1, Gand, 1913) - not seen

Rolin-Jaequemyns, Gustave Henri Ange Hippolyte, born 31 January 1835 at Gent, he received a doctorate in law and political and administrative sciences at Gent in 1857. He was a Belgian cabinet minister from 1878 to 1884, a colonial administrator, and a founding editor of Revue de droit international et de legislation comparee. His writings include Le droit international et la question d'Orient (1876), and Armenia, the Armenians, and the treaties (London, 1891). He died in Bruxelles on 9 January 1902. BiDlnt; BioNBel 29 (1956/57), cols. 803-809 Roll, Walter, born 10 May 1937 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1962 at the Universitat Hamburg with a thesis entitled Studien zu Text und Oberlieferung des sogenannten jOngeren Titurel. After his second doctorate in 1969 he was appointed in 1970 a professor of Germanic languages and literatures at the Universitat Trier. KOrschner, 1976-1996 Rolland, Georges, born 23 January 1852 at Paris, he graduated from n~cole polytechnique in 1873 as a mining engineer. He was sent on several geological and hydrological missions to Algeria and Tunisia. His writings include L'Oued Rir' et la colonisation trenceise au Sahara (1887), La conquete du BN; desert (1889), La colonisation trenceise au Sahara (1890), and Le Transsaharien (1891). IndexBFr2 ; NUC, pre-1956

Rolland, Louis, born 24 April 1877 at Besse-sur-Braye (Sarthe), he received two doctorates from the Faculte de droit de Paris in 1901 with the theses, Correspondance postale et telegraphique dans les relations internationales, and Du secret professionnel des agents de la poste et du telegraphe. He was a professor at several universities before he was appointed a professor at Paris. In 1906, he was a lecturer at l'I~cole de droit d'Alger, and from 1928 to 1936, he was a member of the Chambre des Deputes. He was joint author of Arabe vulgaire (1909), and Precis de legislation coloniale; colonies, Algerie, protectorats, pays sous mandat (1931). DBFC,1954/55; IndexBFr2 (3); WhoFr, 1953/54, 1955/56 Rolland, Olivier, born 19th cent., his writings include La question du transsaharien en 1910 (Paris, 1910). BN Roller, Theophlle, born in 1830, he graduated bachelier en theologie at l'Acaoemle de Montauban in 1853 with a thesis entitled La Gnose des eprtres pastorales. His writings include Les Catacombes de Rome (1881), and Le tour d'Orient; impressions de voyages en Egypte, Terre Sainte, Syrie et a Constantinople (1891). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Rollet, Jacques, born first half 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1976 from the Universite AixMarseille I for his thesis, Les elements lexicographiques turcs dans trois langues balkaniques, bulgare, serbo-croate, grec; essai d'interpretation historique, sociologique et Iinguistique. THESAM, 4 Rollin, Henri (Henry), born 11 September 1885 at Saint-Malo, he was a secret service agent whose writings include La revolution russe (1931), its translation, La revoluci6n rusa (1939), and L'apocalypse de notre temps (1939). He died in France in April of 1955. LC Rollin, Louis, born in 1879, he began his career as a lawyer and was elected a deputy soon after the first World War. He was a French delegate to the League of Nations and, from 1929 to 1940, a cabinet minister. From October 1934 to February 1936 he was minister of colonies. He wrote the bill that abolished the French military prisons in North Africa. He died of a stroke in Paris on 3 November 1952. NYT, 4 November 1952, p. 30, col. 5; Qui etes-vous, 1924 Rollins, Jack Drake, born 9 February 1943 at Ann Arbor, Mich., he received a Ph.D. from Indiana University in 1979 with a thesis entitled The origins of Swahili prose. Since 1969 he was a professor of English and comparative literature at Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Ind., a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include A history of Swahili (1983). DrAS,1982F; NatFacDr, 2000 Rolo, Charles James (or Jacques), born 16 October 1916 at Alexandria, Egypt. After graduation at Oxford in 1938 he went to the United States where he worked first as a report writer and translator at Princeton Listening Center and then as a free-lance writer. Since 1961 he was a securities analyst. His writings include Radio goes to war (1942), and Wingate's raiders (1944). He died on 26 October 1982. ConAu, 101; Master (4); NYT, 29 October 1982, p. B-5, col. 3 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Roloff, Ernst Maximilian, born 5 April 1867 at Furstenberg an der Weser, Germany, he studied classical philology and Egyptology and gained a doctorate. Since 1889 he served in secondary schools. His writings include Arabien und seine Bedeutung far die Erstarkung des Osmanenreiches (1915). He died in 1935. DtBE; KOrschner,1925-1935; Werist's, 1912-1935 Roloff, Gustav, born 7 October 1866 at Ober-Roblinqen, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1891 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Die politischen Streitigkeiten unter den Verbandeten wahrend des Feldzuges von 1814 und ihr EinfluB auf die Kriegsfahrung. He was a professor at Berlin from 1898 to 1909 when he became a professor at GieBen. His writings include Geschichte der eurooelschen Kolonisation seit der Entdeckung Amerikas (1913), Napoleons agyptische Expedition im Jahre 1798 (1915), Die Orientpolitik Napoleons I (1916), and Bilanz des Krieges (1921). He died in 1952. KOrschner, 1925-1928/29; NUC, pre-1956; Werist's, 1909-1935

Romagny, J., pseud., born ca. 1865 see Gasser, Jules Roman, Andre, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1975 from the Universite de Lyon \I with a text edition and translation entitled Une vison humaine des fins demieres; Ie Kitab al-Tawahhum d'alMuhasibi, a trade edition of which was published in 1978. In 1987 he was still affiliated with his alma mater. His writings include Tneotie et pratique de la traduction Iitteraire de trenceis a I'arabe (1981), Etude de la phonologie et de la morphologie de la koine arabe (1983), Grammaire de I'arabe (1990), and he edited and translated from the Arabic of Bashshar ibn Burd Bassar et son experience courtoise (1972). LC; THESAM,4 Roman, Augustin, born about 1838, he was an officer of the Legion d'honneur and a veteran of the 1870 campaign as well as the pacification of Algeria. He retired with the rank of commandant and chef d'escadrons. He died at the age of eighty on 14 August 1918. Bulletin de la Societe de geographie et d'etudes coloniales de Marseille 42 (1918/19), p. 136

Roman, James Rudolph, born 10 February 1936 at Jamestown, N.Y., he graduated B.S. from BuckPwell University with the class of 1957 and received a doctorate in business administration in 1970 from George Washington University. From 1959 to 1970 he successively taught at the University of Maryland, the University of Delaware, George Washington University, and Benjamin Franklin University. Thereafter he was a business executive. Master (1); WhoE, 1977-1985/86; WhoWor, 1984/85 Roman, Jochanan Hans, Dr.jur., fl 20th cent., he wrote Interpretation und volkerrechtliche Bedeutung des Sinaiabkommens zwischen Israel und Agypten von 1975 (1978), and Israel; Reisefahrer(1982). Romanelli, Pietro, born 20 December 1889 at Roma, he was a superintendent of antiquities of Roma province and a professor of archaeology of Roman Africa at the Universlta di Roma. His writings include Leptis Magna (1925), Le colonie italiane di diretto dominic (1930), Origine e sviluppi del citta Tripolitane (1939), and The Palatine (1950). em». 1948, 1957, 1961; Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958, 1980 Romanet du Caillaud, Frederic, born 22 March 1847 near Limoges, he was an issue of an old family of the region. After serving in the war of 1870-71 he became involved in French colonial politics and the mission civilisatrice fran9aise in various countries. He visited the Balkans, the Near and the Far East as well as the mining belt around SudbUry in northern Ontario. His writings include De I'autonomie municipale (1874). He died 6 December 1919. Hommes etdestins, vol. 5, pp. 479-80 Romano, Ruggiero, born 23 November 1923 at Fermo, Italy, he was educated at Napoli where he also studied. He was appointed in 1950 a directeur d'etuaes at l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, Paris, a post which he still held in 1972. His writings include Navires et marchandises a I'entree du port de Livourne (1951), Les mecenlsmes de la conqueie coloniale (1972), and Industria, storia e problemi (1976). 'ndBI (1); WhoFr, 1969/70, 1971/72 Romano Ventura, David, born 3 April 1925 at Istanbul, he removed to Barcelona, where he received a degree in Semitic philology and in 1951 a doctorate at Madrid. Since 1949 he taught Hebrew studies and Italian language and literature at the Universidad de Barcelona. His writings include Judios al servicio de Pedro el Grande de Arag6n, 1276-1285 (1983), De historia judia hlspenice (1991), and La ciencia hispanojudia (1992). WhoWor, 1980/81 Romanov, Boris Vasil'evich, born 3 September 1933 at Moscow, he graduated from Moscow University in 1952 and received his first post-graduate degree in 1981 with a thesis entitled CyoaHcKuu ouenexm apa6cKoao Ra3blKa. His writings include PyccKo-apa6cKuu Yl/e6HbIU cnoeeps c unnycmpaL(URMU (1987). Miliband 2 Romanovskii, Dmitrii lI'ich, died 1881. His writings include KaBKa3 B KaBKa3CKaR eoane (1860), and Notes on the Central Asiatic question (1870). NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

245 Romaskevich, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, born in 1885 at Odessa, he was an Iranian scholar and a cataloguer of Persian, Turkish and Arabic manuscripts in the Leningrad University Library. His writings Pinclude Coepeuenne» neoouocue« npecca a 06paaL(ax (1924), and he was the editor of C60pHUK nemonuceil from the text of Rashid ai-Din Tabib (1946). He perished in Leningrad in early spring of 1942. Miliband; Miliband 2 Rombock, Ulrich, fl. 1975-1996, he was a trained architect who was joint author of Kalabsha; Architektur und Baugeschichte des Tempels (1970); he was a contributing author to Beleuchtung von Verwaltungsgebauden (1986); and he edited the booklet, Architektur in der TOrkei (1986). LC Romer, Isabella Frances, she married in December 1818. Her miscellaneous writings include A pilgrimage to the temples and tombs of Egypt, Nubia, and Palestine in 1845-6 (London, 1846). She died in 1852. Boase; DNB; Egyptology; Robinson, pp. 191-192 Romer, John, fl. 1853-55, he was an Orientalist whose writings include Brief notices of Persian, and of the language called Zend (London, 1953), and Zend; is it an original languages? (London, 1855). Britlnd (1)

Romer, Karl, born 2 December 1877 at Erkenbrechtsweiler, Germany, he studied at TObingen and Jena, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1905 with a thesis entitled Der Codex Arabicus Monacensis Aumer 238. Thesis Romeril, P. E. A. In 1959 he received an M.A. from McGill University, Montreal, with a thesis entitled thesis, War diplomacy and the Turkish Republic; a study in neutrality, 1939-1945. Ferahian von Rommel, Dietrich Christoph, born 17 April 1781 at Kassel, Germany, he was a student of the Semitic scholar Johann Melchior Hartmann (1764-1827) at Marburg, and Johann Gottfried Eichhorn at Gottingen where he received a Dr.phil. in 1802 with a thesis entitled Abulfedea Arabicae descriptio, a work which was much appreciated by Silvestre de Sacy. But under the influence of Christian Gottlob Heyne he started to pursue an interest in classical philology. Since 1803 he had a standing invitation to go the the University of Kharkov and teach Arabic, but he did not accept until the Napoleonic occupation of Hessen in 1810. He remained there for only four years until the downfall of the Empereur. Since 1815 he lived at Kassel as an archivist, librarian, and director of the local museum. His writings include Caucasiarum regionum et gentium Straboniana (1804), and the ten-volume Geschichte von Hessen (1820-58). He died in Kassel on 21 January 1781. ADtB; DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Krachkovskii Rommel, Ingeborg, 1924- see Hoeness, Ingeborg nee Rommel Romodin, Vadim Aleksandrovich, born in 1912. After wartime military service he successively held academic posts at the Moscow Oriental Institute as well as the universities of Moscow and Leningrad. He received his first post-graduate degree in 1951 at Moscow with a thesis entitled COL(UanbHO3KoHoMuliecKuil cmpoil JOcycjJaailcKux ttneuen a XIX a. His writings include OllepKu no ucmopuu u ucmopuu Kynbmypbl AcjJeaHucmaHa (1983). He died 27 April 1984. Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Narody Azii i Afrki, 1984, no. 4, pp. 210-211

R6n-Tas, Andras, born 30 December 1931 at Budapest, he studied at Budapest University where he received a doctorate in 1958. Since 1974 he was a professor at the Department of Altaic Studies in Szeged University. His writings include Nomadok nyomaban (1961), no cneoe» «oueenueoe; MOHeonus eneseuu emnoepeipe (Moscow, 1964), Mongolisches Lesebuch (1988), An introduction to Turkology (1991), and he edited Chuvash studies (1982). In 1991 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Varia Eurasiatica. Fekete; IWWAS,1976/77; MagyarNKK, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998,2000; Schoeberlein Earl of Ronaldshay, 1876-1961 see Dundas, Lawrence John Lumley Ronall, Joachim Otto, born J. O. Rosenthal on 16 February 1912 at Kassel, Germany, he studied law at Paris, Berlin and Marburg and gained a Dr.jur. From 1942 to 1945 he was attached to the U.K. Commercial Corporation, Tehran. Therafter he spent some years in Israel. From 1957 to his death in 1979 he was an economist in the United States. He was joint author of Industrialization in the Middle East (1960). BioHbDtE; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972 Roncaglia, Aurelio, born 8 May 1917 at Modena, Italy, he was a sometime professor of Romance languages and literatures at the Unlversita di Pavia. His writings include Poesia d'amore spagnole d'ispirazione melica popolaresca dalle Kharge mozarabiche a Lope de Vega (1953). Chi e, 1948, 1957, 1961; IndBI (1); Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 19951

Roncaglia, Martiniano Pellegrino, born 1923. His writings include Histoire del'Eglise copte (1966), and Essai bibliographique de diplomatique islamique (1979).

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Ronchi, Vasco, born 19 December 1897 at Firenze, he was a professor of physics and in 1927 became the founding director of the Istituto nazionale di ottica di Firenze. His writings include the booklet, L'/stituto nazionale di ottica di Firenze (1941), Ottica, scienza della visione (1955), and its translation, Optique, science de la vision (1966). IntWW, 1974/75-1982/83; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79 Rondani, Alberto, born in 1846 (also 1840 and 1845 are mentioned) at Parma, he was an art critic and a professor of fine art at the Istituto de Belle Arti di Parma. He died 9 January 1911. IndBI (10) Rondeau, Andre, born early 20th cent., he studied geology and received a doctorate in 1961 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Recherches geomorphologiques en Corse; la part de la tectonique et de l'erosion differentielle dans Ie relief de t'tte. His writings include La Corse (Paris, 1964). LC Rondholz, Eberhard, born first half 20th cent., his writings include Griechenland, 21. Apri/1967; Dokumente (Bonn, 1968), and crraVaOTaOfJ Ka/ avtencvaataon OTfJV cAAaoa, 1936-1974 (Athens, 1974). NUC, 1968-1972

Rondot, Jean, fl. 1952, his writings include La Compagnie petrole-franc (1962), and Trois erreurs de notre temps (1964).

trenceise

des oetroies; du franc-or au

LC

Rondot, Philippe, the only son of Pierre Rondot, born about 1935, he received a diploma from the Centre des hautes etudes administratives sur l'Afrique et l'Asie modernes, Paris, and a doctorate in 1980 from the Unlversite de Paris with a thesis entitled Les projets de paix erebo-isreeliens, 19471978. His writings include La Syrie (1978), L'lrak (1979), La Jordanie (1980), and Le Proche-Orient a la recherche de la paix, 1973-1982 (1982). THESAM,3 Rondot, Pierre Louis Marie Antoine, born 2 June 1904 at Versailles, he gained a diploma from l'I~cole nationale des languages orientales vivantes, graduated from l'I~cole speciale militaire de Saint-Cyr, and received a doctorate in law. From 1955 to 1967 he was director of the Centre des hautes etudes administratives sur l'Afrique et l'Asie modernes in the Universite de Paris. His writings include Les ctuetiens d'Orient (1955), L'lslam et les musulmans d'aujourd'hui (1959), and its translation, Der Islam und die Mohammedaner von heute (1963). WhoFr, 1971/72-1979/801 Ronen, Dov, born 30 September 1933 at Bekescsaba, Hungary, he emigrated first to Israel and then to the United States. He graduated from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Indiana University, Bloomington, with a thesis entitled Political development in a West African country; the case of Dahomey. He was a lecturer in political science and African studies at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, before he was appointed, in 1976, a professor at the Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. His writings include Dahomey between tradition and modernity (1975), The quest for self-determination (1979), and he edited Democracy and pluralism in Africa (1986). ConAu 57-60, new rev., 10,28 van Ronkel, Philippus Samuel, born in 1829 at Groningen where he trained for the rabbinate. He converted to Christianity and studied theology at Utrecht from 1857 to 1860. Thereafter he held posts as a preacher at various cities, lastly at Leiden from 1883 to his death in June 1890. His writings include De Heilige Schrift, in bijbellezingen vor het volk (1884), and Uit het Jodendom tot den Christus; herinneringen uit het leven (1889). A. van der Ploeg wrote the biography, Philippus S. van Ronkel (1990). Benelux (1); NieuwNBW, vol. 10, col. 834 van Ronkel, Philippus Samuel, born 1 August 1870 at Zutphen, he studied Semitic and Indonesian languages at Leiden where he received a doctorate in 1895 with a thesis entitled De roman van Amir Hamza. Until 1913, when it was abolished, he taught Malay and Islamic law at Batavia in a school for the instruction of administrative officials. In 1920 he was one of the founders of the Oosters Genootschap in Nederland, of which he became a president in 1939. His writings include the Supplement to the catalogue of the Arabic MSS preserved in the Museum of the Batavia Society of Arts and Sciences (1913). He died in Leiden in 1954. JRAS, 1954, pp. 201-202; Wie is dat, 1948 Ronzevalle, Ie Pere Louis, S.J., born in 1865 at Plovdiv (Philippopolis), European Turkey, where his father was a French consul. He started his studies at Edirne (Adrianople), finished them at l'Universite Saint-Joseph, Beirut, and in 1890 took holy orders. Three years later he became attached to his alma mater where he spent practically the rest of his life as a teacher. Following his special interests, he taught not only Arabic, but also archaeology and epigraphy of the Near East. His writings include Les emprunts turcs dans Ie grec vulgaire de Roumelie et specielemeni d'Adrianople (1912). He died in January 1937. Berytus 7 (1942), pp. 80-81 Rooman (Ruman), M. Anwar, born in 1924, he was affiliated with the Pakistan Historical Society, Karachi. His writings include The Brahuis of Quetta-Kalat region (1960), A brief survey of Baluchi literature and language (1967), Education in Baluchistan (1979), and Iqbal aur maghribi isti'mar (1989). LC Roome, J. C., born 19th cent., he was in 1906 a British officer of the Indian Army.

Note about the author

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Roome, William John Waterman, born 19th cent., he was affiliated with Protestant missionary societies in Nyasaland and with the Bible Society. His writings include Blessed be Egypt; a missionary story (1898), Can Africa be won (1927), Tramping through Africa (1930), Tefero; tales from Africa (1932), Aggrey, the African teacher (1934), Ethiopia the valiant (1936). BLC; NUC, pre-1956 Roorda, Taco, born 19 July 1801 at Britsum, Friesland, he studied theology and Oriental languages at Groningen and Leiden where he received doctorates in 1824 and 1825 respectively. After spending two years as a pastor at Lutjegast, and a brief appointment at Burg, he was invited to start teaching Oriental languages and Biblical studies at the Athenaeum, Amsterdam, on 20 April 1828. As an administrative member of the Bible Society he increasingly became aware the importance of the languages of the Dutch East Indies, particularly Javanese, which he began to study. In 1841 he was appointed a professor of Javanese at the Delftsche Akademie where he became the soul of the Indian Section. When the Akademie closed in 1864, he was transferred to the Rijksinstelling voor Onderwijs der Indische taal-, land- en volkenkunde, Leiden, a position which he held until his death on 5 May 1874. His writings include Abul Abbasi Amedis (1825), and Grammatica Arabica (1858). Benelux (4); EncNI

Roorda van Eysinga (Eijsinga), Philippus Pieter, born 1 December 1796 at Kuinre, Overijssel, Netherlands, he pursued a military career, first in Europe, and from 1819 to 1820 in the Dutch East Indies. In April 1820 he was commissioned to study native languages, and, at the same time, pursued an interest in Persian, Arabic and Hindustani. Two years later he entered the Departement van inlandsche zaken (native affairs) where he became responsible for the newly established printing office. On 19 July 1822 he was appointed government official for Palembang, and also commisioned to produce Malay and Javanese dictionaries. In 1828 he was appointed Resident at Bantam. Failing health compelled him in 1830 to return home to Kampen, Overijssel. After receiving an honorary doctorate at Leiden, he was appointed a professor of Dutch East Indies studies at the Koninklijke Militaire Academie, Breda. In 1843 he went for a second time to the East until he was pensioned off in December 1848. His writings include Geschiedenis van Sultan Ibrahim (1843). He died in Utrecht, 14 October 1856. Benelux (4); EncNI; NieuwNBW, vol. 10, cols. 832-833

Roos, Gerd Joachim, fl. 1953, he was a lawyer whose writings include Zur Konfiskation privater deutscher Aus/andsvermogen; Beitrag zur volkerrechtlichen Stellung des Privateigentums (Stuttgart, 1956) Roos, Leslie Leon, born 20 July 1940 at San Francisco, he graduated from Stanford University with the class of 1962 and received a Ph.D. four years later from M.I.T. with a thesis entitled Models of attitudes in a developing country; the Turkish case. He was a professor at a number of U.S. universities before he was appointed in 1973 a professor at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. His writings include The politics of ecosuicide (1971), and he was joint author of Managers of modernization; organizations and elites in Turkey (1971). He was the husband of Noralou Roos. AmM&W5, 19735, 19785; ConAu 33-36; NatFacDr, 2000

Roos, Noralou nee Preston, born 21 April 1941 at Pomona, CaL, she graduated from Stanford University with the class of 1963 and received a Ph.D. five years later with a thesis entiled The Turkish administrative elite. After teaching organizational behaviour for three years at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, she joined in 1973 the Faculty of Administrative Studies in the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. In 2000 she was a professor of community health sciences at Winnipeg. She was joint author of Managers of modernization; organizations and elites in Turkey (1971). She was the wife of Leslie L. Roos. AmM&W5, 19735, 19785; ConAu 33-36; IntAu&W, 1982, 1989; NatFacDr,2000; WrDr, 1982-1998 Roosens, Claude, fl. 1980, he was affiliated with the Unite des relations internationales in the Universite catholique de Louvain. His writings include Le conflit du Sahara occidental; bibliographie, documents, chronologie (1990), Les relations internationales de 1815 a nos jours (1997), and he was joint editor of La Belgique et Ie monde arabe (1990). LC Roosevelt, Archibald Bulloch, born 18 February 1918, he was a grandson of the American president Theodore Roosevelt and graduated from Harvard with the class of 1939. Thereafter he was in the newspaper business for three years before joining the Central Intelligence Agence, Washington, D.C. He was a witness to the beginnings of the cold war in Iran after the Soviets had taken over Azerbaijan in 1946. His writings include For lust of knowing (1988). He died on 30 or 31 May 1990. ConAu 127, 131; ME5A Roster of members, 1990; 5havit; WhAm, 10; WhoAm, 1974-1986/87

Roosevelt, Kermit, born 10 October 1889 at Oyster Bay, N.Y., he was a son of the American president Theodore Roosevelt and graduated from Harvard in 1912. After the first World War, during which he obtained an honorary commission with the British forces in Mesopotamia, he found his business career in shipping. His writings include War in the garden of Eden (1919), Happy hunting-grounds (1920),

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Arabs, oil and history (1949), and Countercoup; the struggle for the control of Iran (1979). He died in 1943. Amlnd (4); Bioln 1 (3); DAB, Suppl. 3; Master (6); WhAm, 2

Root, Hilton L., born 20th cent., his writings include Peasants and king in Burgundy; agrarian foundations of French absolutism (1987), and The foundation of privilege; political foundations of markets in Old Regime France and England (1994). LC Root, Margaret Cool, born 20th cent., her writings include The King and kingship in Achaemenid art (1979), a work which was originally submitted in 1976 as a Ph.D. requirement at Bryn Mawr College, Pa., and Faces of immortality; Egyptian mummy masks (1979). LC van Rooy, Silvio, fl. 1966, his writings include ISK's Kurdish bibliography (Amsterdam, 1968). LC

Roper, E. M., fl. 1927, his writings include The Bedawie; an elementary handbook for the use of Sudan government officials (Hertford, 1930). NUC, pre-1956 Roper, Geoffrey John, born about 1940 in Britain, he studied in England and Cairo and received a doctorate in the 1990s from Cambridge University with a thesis on Arabic printing at Malta. He was a bookseller successively, but not successfully, at Durham, London, and Cambridge until he succeeded J. D. Pearson as editor of Index Is/amicus from 1983 to 2003. He served as a chairman of the Middle East Libraries Committee from the late 1980s to 1995. He was a general editor of World survey of Islamic manuscripts (1992-94). DirectoryofBRISMES members, 1993; EURAMES,1993; Private Rorlich, Azade-Ayse, born 25 April 1942 at Constanta, Romania, she studied at Bucuresti and received an unidentified doctorate in 1976 from the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Since 1977 she was a professor of Russian history at the University of Southern California, a post which she still held in 2000. Her writings include The Volga Tatars; a profile in national resilience (1986). DrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; NatFacDr, 2000; Schoeberlein

Rosa, Enrico, born 17 November 1870 at Selve Marconi (Biella), Italy, he was educated at Torino and Monaco and entered the Society of Jesus in 1886. In 1914 he became editor-in-chief of la Civilta cattolica. He died in Roma, 22 November 1938. Casati"; em», 1931, 1936; IndBI (1) Rosch, Gustav, fl. 1861-1892, he was a German clergyman who was associated with the German Oriental Society. Note Roschanzamir (Rawshan'zamir), Mehdi, born about 1940 in Iran, he studied at the Unlversitat Hamburg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1970 with a thesis entitled Die Zand-Dynastie. Afterwards he taught first at Shiraz and later at Danishgah-i Milli-i Iran, Tehran. His writings include Tarikh-i siyasi va nizami-i dudman-i Ghuri (2537/1978), and Yad-i yaran (1371/1982). He was a joint author of Spielkarten-Bilder in persischen Lackmalereien der Qsterreichischen Nationalbibliothek (1981). Private; Schwarz

Roschanzamir-Dahncke, Monika, 1943- see Rochan Zamir-Dahncke, Monika Roschke-Bugzel, Sabine, born in 1959 at Dortmund, Germany, she received a doctorate in 1990 from the Universltat Bochum with a thesis entitled Die revotationer Bewegung in Iran, 1905-1911, a work which was published commercially in 1991. Roschmann, Hans, from Oberlingen, Germany, he was a colonel in the German general staff and was in the reserve in 1982. Note about the author Rosciszewski, Marcin M., born 12 November 1929 at Warszawa, his writings include Kierunki ewolucji rolnictwa w krajach Maghrebu (1970), Azja Zachodnia (1976), and he was a joint author of Zmiany w rolnictwie kraj6w gospodarczo s/abo rozwmetych; Turcja, Syria, Egipt (1967), and he was a joint editor of Third world geographical problems of development (1981). Unesco Roscoe, Henry, born 17 April 1800 in England, he was educated privately and studied in London where he was called to the bar from Inner Temple in 1826. His wrintings include Eminent British lawyers (1830), and A Digest of the law of evidence in criminal cases (1835), a work which went through twelve editions until 1898. He died in 1836. DcBiPP; DNB Rose, Arthur Veel, born 19th cent., his writings include Discovery of a lost art (1903), and The Baberini vase (1904). He died in 1923. NUC, pre-1956 Rose, Charles, born 30 January 1820, while his father was an attache at a British embassy. In 1850, he joined the Legion etranqere, where he rose to the rank of captain in 1859, and battalion commander in 1870. He was with the Bureaux arabes in the Province of Constantine, stationed almost exclusively at Biskra. After participating in the Franco-German war of 1870-71, he returned to the Service des Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Affaires indigenes, 10 March 1872, to become administrator of the District of Bou-Saada. His marriage to a native Algerian woman had made life difficult for him on several occasions so that he was compelled to leave the Bureaux arabes on two occasions, in 1863 and again in 1874. He died after 1891. Peyronnet, pp. 446-448

Rose, Ernst Andreas Gottlieb, born 18 June 1899 at Sangerhausen, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1922 from the Universitat Leipzig with a thesis entitled Albert Dulk als Dramatiker. He emigrated to the U.S.A. in 1925 and joined the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures in New York University, serving as chairman from 1948 until his retirement in 1966. He was in 1967-68 a visiting professor at the University of California, Davis. He was early interested in the relations of German literature to the Orient. ConAu, new rev. 4; DrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982, 1986; WhoAm, 1974/75, 1976/77; WrDr, 1980/82-1992/941

Rose, Gerd, born 8 June 1926 at Minden, Germany, he was a professor of business administration at the Universitat Koln from 1966 to his retirement; during his last years he also served as a director of the Seminar fur Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre. His writings include Betrieb und Steuern (19691977). KUrschner, 1970-2001 Rose, Horace Arthur, born in 1867, he was educated at Cambridge and became a member of the Indian Civil Service from 1888 to 1917. His writings include Compendium of the Punjab customary law (1907), and A Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province (19111919). He died on 18 September 1933. Who was who, 3 Rose, John Holland, born in 1855 at Bedford, he was an outstanding student at Bedford and Manchester and a scholar of Christ's College, Cambridge. From 1919 to his retirement in 1933 he was Vere-Harmsworth professor of naval history in the University of Cambridge. The State University of Nebraska as well as Amherst College conferred on him honorary doctorates. His writings include The Mediterranean in the ancient world (1933), and Man and the sea (1936). He died on 3 March 1942. DNB; Master (3); NewC; WhE&EA; Who was who, 4

Rose, Kenneth Vivian, born 15 November 1924 at Bradford, Yorkshire, he was a graduate of New College, Oxford, who joined the editorial staff of the London Daily Telegraph in 1952. Since 1961 he was a writer for the Sunday Telegraph. His writings include Curzon, a most superior person (1985). ConAu 123, 128; IntAu&W, 1989-1999/2000; Who, 1985-2000

Rose, Norman Anthony, born 29 December 1934 at London, he studied at the London School of Economics, where he received a Ph.D. in 1967 with a thesis entitled Gentile Zionism and Anglo-Zionist diplomacy, 1929-1939. His writings include The Gentile Zionists (1973), Lewis Namier and Zionism (1980), Chaim Weizmann (1986), and Churchill, the unruly giant (1995). ConAu 104; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982, 1986, 1989; Sluglett; WrDr, 1976/78-2000

Rose, Valentin, born 8 January 1829 at Berlin, he studied at Bonn and Berlin where he received a Dr.phil. in 1854 with a thesis entitled De Aristotelis Iibrorum ordine et auctoritate. He joined the Koniqliche Bibliothek zu Berlin in 1855 and from 1863 to his retirement was head of the department of manuscripts. His writings include Verzeichnis der lateinischen Handschriften der Koniglichen Bibliothek zu Berlin (1892). He died in Berlin on 25 December 1916. DtBE; DtBiind (5); JahrDtB, 1902, 1903; Wer, 1909,1912

Rose, William Kinnaird, born in 1845 at Glagow, he was educated at Kilmarnock and Ayr schools and Edinburgh University. He began a journalistic career with the London Daily Telegraph and later acted as a special correspondent for the Edinburgh Scotsman during the Russo-Turkish war. Subsequently he returned to Edinburgh University for three years and studied for the bar with distinguished success. In 1879, he went as a special commissioner to the East to inquire into the condition of the Christian population in Rumelia, Macedonia, Albania and Armenia; his report was the subject of debate in both Houses of Parliament. In 1884, he went to Australia, and in the following year he was one of the commissioners appointed to inquire into the Polynesian labour traffic. At the beginning of 1888 he became editor-in-chief of the Brisbane Courier, a position which he held until 1891, when he returned to England. His writings include With the Greeks in Thessaly (1879). Britlnd (1); Mennell Roseberry, J. Royal, born in 1944, he received a Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of Wisconsin. His writings include Imperial rule in Punjab; the conquest and administration of Multan, 1818-1881 (1987). Roseberry, Robert Sherman, born 1883 near Tyrone, Pa., he was a graduate of Nyack (N.Y.) College, and in 1919 became a missionary under the Christian and Missionary Alliance in Sierra Leone. In 1930, he was chairman of the French West African Mission of the Christian and Missionary Alliance. His writings include The Niger vision (1934), The Soul of French West Africa (1947). He died in Altoona, Fla., 9 July 1976. Shavit - Africa Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Rosen, Edward, born 12 December 1906 at N.Y.C., he graduated in 1926 from City College of New York, and received a Ph.D. in 1939 from Columbia University. He taught history in various capacities at Columbia until 1977 when he became a professor emeritus. His writings include The naming of the telescope (1947), and he edited and translated Three Copernican treatises (1939). He died in N.Y.C., 28 March 1985. Bioln 1,6,15; ConAu 21-24,115; DrAS 1969,1974,1978,1982 H; NYT, 30 March 1985, p. 23, cols. 12; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978

Rosen, Friedrich, born 30 August 1856 at Leipzig, he spent his childhood in Jerusalem where his father was a Prussian consul. It was there that in early years he learned Arabic and English since his mother was a native of London. In 1887 he began his brief teaching career in Hindustani at the Seminar fur Orientalische Sprachen, Berlin, a post which he resigned in 1890 on account of personal differences with the administration. He entered the diplomatic service and was posted successively to Beirut, Tehran, Baghdad and Jerusalem. In the twentieth century he served as ambassador at Tangier, Bucuresti, Lisboa and den Haag. In 1921 he was appointed minister of foreign affairs. At the age of seventy-nine he travelled to China to visit his son who had also joined the foreign affairs. His writings include Die Indarsabha des Amanat (1892), Modern Persian colloquial grammar (1898), Harut und Marut, und andere Dichtungen aus dem Orient (1924), Persien in Wort und Bild (1926), Orient memories of a German diplomatist (1930), and Aus einem diplomatischen Wanderleben (1931-59). He died from a fractured leg in Peking on 27 November 1935. DtBE; ZDMG 89 (1935), pp. 391-400 Rosen, Friedrich August, born 2 September 1805 at Hannover, he studied theology, law, and Oriental languages at Leipzig and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1826. In the following year he went to Paris to study. From 1828 to 1830 he held the chair of Oriental languages at the University of London, giving courses in Persian, Arabic, and Hindustani. He edited and translated from the Arabic The algebra of Mohammed ben Musa (1831). He died in London, 12 September 1837. ADtB, vol. 29, pp. 192195; Britlnd (3); DtBE; Stache-Rosen, pp. 24-25

Rosen, Georg, born in 1820 or 1821 at Detmold, Germany, he studied Oriental languages at Berlin and Leipzig. Supported by a government grant, he visited the greater Caucasus from 1843 to 1844. Thereafter he served as a dragoman at Constantinople, and from 1853 at Jerusalem as Prussian consul; from 1867 to 1875 he was posted to Beograd. He later pursued archaeological researches in Palestine. His writings include Ossetische Sprachlehre (1846), Das Buch des Sudan; oder, Reisen des Scheich Zain el Abidin in Nigritien, aus dem TOrkischen Obersetzt (1847), Das Haram von Jerusalem (1866), Geschichte der Tilrkei von 1826 bis 1856 (1866-67), Die Balkan-Haiduken (1878), and Mesnevi; oder, Doppelverse, aus dem Persischen [des Rumi] Obertragen (1913). He died in 1891. Embacher

Rosen, Haiim Baruch, born Heinz Erich Rosenstrauch on 4 March 1922 at Wien, he emigrated to Palestine in 1938 and gained a Ph.D. in 1948 at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, with a thesis entitled Dikduk leshono shel Herodotus. From 1949 to his retirement he was a professor of linguistics at Jerusalem. His writings include Contemporary Hebrew (1977). BioHbDtE; ConAu 1-4, new rev., 20, 49; IntWW, 1989/90-2001; Wholsrael, 1968-1999; WhoWor, 1976-1991; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978

von Rosen, Hermann Heinrich Bogislaus, Baron, born 5 August 1858 at Tallinn (Reval), Estonia, he studied medicine at Dorpat where he gained a doctorate in 1886. For many years he practised his profession near the Persian border and in Erivan before he became deputy director of the hospital of Count Gagarin in Sergievo, Russia. He later was resident in TObingen and Berlin, where he died on 9 January 1930. His writings include Die Not der Fremdvolker unter dem russischen Joche (Berlin, 1916). Baltisch (3); DtBilnd (1) Rosen, Lawrence, born 9 December 1941 at Cincinnati, Ohio, he received a Ph. D. in 1969 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled The structure of social groups in a Moroccan city. Six years later he was admitted to the bar. In 1977 he was appointed a professor of anthropology at Princeton, a post which he still held in 1995. He was a visiting professor at many U.S. universities. His writings include Bargaining for reality (1984), The anthropology of justice; law as culture in Islamic society (1989), and he was joint author of Meaning and order in Moroccan society (1979). Master (2); NatFacDr, 1995; Selim; WhoAm 1986/87-2000

Rosen, Myriam see Rosen-Ayalon, Myriam Rosen, Steven Jack, born in 1942, he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Syracuse University with a thesis entitled The ideal type of war. He became affiliated with the American Israel Public Affairs Committee as well as the Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Cal. His writings include Testing the theory of the military-industrial complex (1973), Military geography and the military balance in the Arab-Israeli conflict (1977), and he was joint author of The logic of international relations (1974), and Testing theories of economic imperialism (1974). NUC, 1973-1977 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Rosen (P03eH), Viktor Romanovich, Baron, born in 1849 at Tallinn (Reval), Estonia, to a Germanspeaking family, he studied Oriental languages at St. Petersburg and Leipzig where he came under the influence of Heinrich L. Fleischer. He was also a lifelong friend of I. Goldziher and an outstanding Orientalist of his time. He spent his career at St. Petersburg where he taught Oriental languages and history. Since 1885 he was also president of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society. His writings include the catalogues of Arabic and Persian manuscripts at the Oriental Institute, St. Petersburg. He died in 1908. Baltisch (1); FOck, p. 222; GSE, vol. 22, p. 309; Index Islamicus (5); Krachkovskii, pp. 134-138 Rosen Ayalon, Myriam, she received a doctorate in 1970 from the Universite de Paris IV with a thesis entitled La ceremique musulmane de Suse. Her writings include La poterie islamique (1974), The early Islamic monuments of a/-Haram aI-Sharif (1987), she edited Studies in memory of Gaston Wiet (1977), and she was joint editor of Islamic art and archaeology (1984). THESAM,4 Rosenau, Renate, born 20th cent., she was an educator. Her writings include Zur Situation der hauswirtschaft/ichen Berufsbildung (Bonn, 1994), and she edited Lehrerbildung far berufsbildende Schulen (Essen, 1981). Rosenberg, Frederic, born 19th cent., he was resident in St. Petersburg in 1908. He edited Le livre de Zoroastre (1904), and Notices de titiereture parsie (1909). NUC, pre-1956 Rosenberg, Jerry Philipp, born 23 October 1948 at Chicago, he graduated in 1970 from the University of Chicago and received a Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of Illinois at Urbana with a thesis entitled Berlin and Israel, 1948; foreign policy decision-making during the Truman administration. He later became a professor of political science at Memphis State University, Tennessee. AmM&WS, 1978 S Rosenberg, William Gordon, born 29 September 1938 at Philadelphia, Pa., he graduated from Amherst College with the class of 1960 and received a Ph.D. in 1967 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Constitutional democracy and the Russian civil war. In the same year he was appointed a professor of Russian history at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Liberals in the Russian revolution (1974), and he edited Social dimensions of Soviet industrialization (1993). ConAu 61-64; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacD4r, 1995 Rosenblatt, Samuel, born 5 May 1902 at Bratislava (Prefsburq), he was a graduate of the City College of New York, Jewish Theological Seminary of America and received a Ph.D. in 1927 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The high ways to perfection of Abraham Maimonides. After two years of teaching at Columbia University, he joined Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., to become a professor of Oriental languages. His writings include The People of the Book (1940), and Days of my years; an autobiography (1976). CnDiAmJBi; ConAu 53-56; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 P; Master (1); WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Rosenbloom, Joseph Richard, born 5 December 1928 at Rochester, N.Y., he was a graduate of the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, and received three degrees from the Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, including a doctorate. He was a rabbi and since 1961 a professor of classics at Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. His writings include A biographical dictionary of early American Jews (1960), and Conversion to Judaism (1978). Biolnd 12; ConAu 57-60, new rev. 6, 21; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995; WhoMW, 1974/75, 1976/77; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972; WrDr, 1976-2000

Rosenfeld, B. A., 1917- see Rozenfel'd, Boris Abramovich Rosenfeld, Felix, fl. 1939, he was in 1941 attached to the National Bank of Egypt, and a member of the Societe Fouad 1er d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. Note Rosenfeld, Hellmut, born 24 August 1907 at Frankfurt/Oder, he studied German literature as well as history, and fine art at Berlin, TObingen, and Wien. He gained doctorates in 1935 and 1950. From 1938 to his retirement in 1972 he held posts at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, MOnchen. His writings include Der mittelalterliche Totentanz (1954), and the booklet, MOnchener Spielkarten um 1500 (1958). He died in MOnchen, 2 November 1993. DtBE; JahrDtB,1939-1993; KOrschner, 1950-1992 Rosenfeld, Henry Lloyd, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph. D. in 1951 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Military-occupational spezialization of the kin among the pastoral Bedouins; a key to the process of caste formation in the Arabian desert. He was a sometime anthropologist and a professor of sociology at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include Hem hayu palahim (1964), and he was joint author of ha-Hevrah ha-'Arvit be Yisre'et (1980). Selim Rosenhouse (Rozenhoiz), Judith, born 9 June 1963 (1936?) according to the Library of Congress, she gained a Ph.D. in 1973 at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, with a thesis on Moroccan Arabic dialects. She was affiliated with the University of Haifa. Her writings include Tekstim be-/ahage

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252 Bedvim be-Erets Yisra'el (1980), The Beduin Arab dialects; on the complexity of some types (1984), and she was joint editor of Future and communication (1996). LC Rosenkranz, Bernhard, born 13 April 1903 at Montigny near Metz, Lothringen, he received a Dr.phil. in 1930 at the Universitat MOnsterwith a thesis entitled Der lokale Grundton und die personticne Eigenart in der Sprache des Thukydides. He gained a second doctorate in 1942. From 1949 to his retirement in 1968 he was a professor of comparative linguistics at the Universitat Koln. His writings include Beitrage zur Erforschung des Luvischen (1952), and Historische Laut- und Formenlehre des Altbulgarischen (1955). KOrschner, 1950-19921 Rosenkranz, Gerhard, born 29 April 1896 at Braunschweig, Germany, he was a Protestant theologian and a pastor in the Ruhr Valley before he moved in 1928 to Berlin where he became director of the Ostasien-Mission from 1931 to 1948. Although appointed a lecturer in missions after gaining a doctorate in divinity in 1935, his appointment was soon revoked and he was muzzled until the end of the war. His writings include Der christliche G/aube angesichts der Weltreligionen (1967). On his seventieth birthday he was honoured by two jubilee volumes. He died in TObingen, 16 May 1983. DtBE; KOrschner, 1950-1983

RosenmOller, Ernst Friedrich Carl, born 10 December 1768 at HeBberg near Hildburghausen, he studied philosophy and Oriental languages at Leipzig where he gained doctorates in 1788 and 1792, and a doctorate in divinity in 1817. He was successively a professor of Arabic and Oriental languages. His writings include Arabisches Elementar- und Lese-Buch (1799), Ansichten von Petestine (1810-14), Institvtiones ad fvndamenta lingvae arabicae (1818), Handbuch der biblischen Alterthumskunde (1825), Biblical geography of Central Asia (1836-37), and Biblical geography of Asia Minor, Phcenicie, and Arabia (1841). He died 17 September 1835. ADtB; DtBE; DtBilnd (8); GDU; Krachkovskii; Vapereau, 1883 Rosenne, Shabtai, born 24 November 1917 at London, he was educated at London and received a doctorate from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. He became an Israeli lawyer, diplomatist and representative to the U.N. as well as a visiting professor of law at home and abroad. His writings include Israel's armistice agreements with the Arab states (1951), and Practice and methods of international law (1984). IntWW,1974-2001; Master (1); MideE, 1982/83; Wholsrael, 1973/74-1999; WhoUN,1975; WhoWor, 1980; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Rosenrauch, Heinz Erich, 1922- see Rosen, Haiim Baruch Rosenstock, Morton, born 2 July 1929 at N.Y.C., he graduated from Harvard with the class of 1949 and received a Ph.D. in 1963 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Louis Marshall and the defense of Jewish rights in the United States. Since 1958 he was a member of Bronx Community College as a professor and librarian. DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; Wholsrael, 1992/93-1999; WhoLibS, 1955, 1966 Rosenthal, Donald A., born about 1950, he received a Ph.D. in 1978 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Jules-Robert Auguste and the early romantic circle. His writings include Orientalism, the Near East in French painting, 1800-1880 (1982), and La grande meniere; historical and religious painting in France (1987). LC Rosenthal, Donna, fl. 1974, she was an American freelance reporter and broadcast journalist. Rosenthal, Earl Edgar, born 26 August 1921 at Milwaukee, Wise., he was educated at New York University where he also received a Ph.D. in 1953 with a thesis entitled The Cathedral of Granada. Since 1968 he was a professor of art at the University of Chicago. His writings include The palace of Charles V in Granada (1985). ConAu 41-44; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; WhoAm, 1974-19961; WhoAmA, 1984-1999/2000

Rosenthal, Erwin Isaac Jacob, born 18 September 1904 at Heilbronn, Germany, he studied at Heidelberg, MOnchen, and Berlin where he received a Dr.phil. in 1931 with a thesis entitled Ibn Khalduns Gedanken aber den Staat. He emigrated in 1933 to the U.K. Until the war he was successively a lecturer in Semitic languages at London and Manchester. During the war he served as an intelligence officer in Cairo and London. From 1948 to his retirement in 1971 he was a lecturer, and later reader, at Cambridge. His writings include Political thought in medieval Islam (1958), Judaism and Islam (1961), and Islam in the modern national state (1965). In 1982 he was honoured by the jubilee volume Interpreting the Hebrew Bible; essays in honour of E. I. J. Rosenthal. He died on 5 June 1991. BioHbDtE; ConAu 102; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 F; EncJud; Master (2); Who, 1969-1991; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978, 1987; WrDr, 1976-1992/94

Rosenthal, Franz, born 31 August 1914 at Berlin, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1935 at the Universitat Berlin with a thesis entitled Die Sprache der palmyrenischen Inschriften. He emigrated in 1938 to the United States by way of Sweden and Britain. He first taught for eight years at the Hebrew Union College,

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Cincinnati, Ohio, followed by professorships at the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University. His writings include Die eremelsche Forschung seit Th. Noldecke (1939), Ahmad b. at-Tayyib as-Sarahsi (1943), A history of Muslim historiography (1952), Humor in early Islam (1956), Fortleben der Antike im Islam (1965), its translation, The classical heritage in Islam (1975), Knowledge triumphant (1970), The BioHbDtE; herb; hashish versus medieval Muslim society (1971), and Gambling in Islam (1975). CnDiAmJBi; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 F; EncJud; Schwarz; WhoAm, 1974-1994; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Rosenthal, Steven T., born ca. 1945, he received a Ph.D. in 1975 from Yale University with a thesis entitled Municipal reform in Istanbul, 1850-1870; the impact of the Tanzimat upon urban affairs. In 1995 he was a professor at the Department of History and Government in the University of Hartford, Conn., a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include The politics of dependency; urban reform in Istanbul (1980). NatFacDr, 1995-2000 Rosenzweig, Daphne Lange, born 7 July 1941 at Evanston, Illinois, she graduated in 1963 from Mount Holyoke College and received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Court painters of the K'ang-hsi period. In 1973 she was appointed a professor of Oriental art at Oberlin College, Ohio. Certainly from 1995 to 2000 she was a professor at the Department of Art, Ringling School of Art/Design, Sarasota, Fla. DrAS, 1974, 1978 H; Master (1); NatFacDr, 1995-2000; WhoAmA, 1976-2000 Rosenzweig-Ritter zu Schwannau, Vincenz, born in 1791 at Brunn, Austria-Hungary, he studied at the Orientalische Akademie, Wien. After his graduation in 1808 he entered the k.k. Internuntiatur at Constantinople as an attache, and in 1813 he was appointed to the k.k. Agentie in Walachia where he repeatedly acted as deputy consular agent. In 1817 he became a professor of Oriental languages at .the Orientalische Akademie, a post which he held until his retirement in 1847. His writings include Biographische Notizen abet Mewlana Abdurrahman Dschami (1840), and Der Diwan des qrotsen Iyrischen Dichters Hafis im persischen Original herausgegeben und ins Deutsche abersetzt (18581864). He died in Wien, 8 December 1865. GDU; Kosch; DBL; Wurzbach; ZDMG 20 (1866), pp. 438-443 Rosetti, Roberto A., born 19th cent. see Rossetti, Roberto A. Roshchin, Mikhail IUr'evich, born 14 September 1952 at Moscow, he graduated from Moscow University in 1974. He subsequently served as a translator in Iraq (1974-76), and Libya (1979). He received his first post-graduate degree in 1980 at Moscow with a thesis entitled Pone mpeouuuonnux u coepessennu» tpexmoooe B cjJOpMupoBaHuu couuensnou opuenmenuuu apa6cKou MOnOOe>Ku B 50-e - 70-e 88. He was joint editor of Iieeecmen; ceno Xywmaoa (1995). Miliband2 Rosher, Charles, F.R.G.S., fl. 1914. His writings include Light for John Bull on the Moroccan question, with a note on Tripoli (1911), and The Red Oasis; a record of the massacres perpetrated in Tripoli by the Italian Army, 1911 (1912). BLC Roslneka, Grazyna, fl. 1974, her writings include Instrumenty astronomiczne na Uniwersytecie Krakowskim w 15. wieku (1974), and Scientific writings and astronomical tables in Cracow; a census of manuscript sources (1984). LC Rosier, Eduard Robert, 1836-1874 see Roesler, Eduard Robert Rosliakov, Aleksandr Anatol'evich, born 7 February 1915 at Tashkent, he received a doctorate in history in 1963 and was appointed a professor in 1976. His writings include KpamKuu oueo« ucmopuu TypKMeHucmaHa (1956), and he edited HOBaR 3KOHOMUlJeCKaR nonumuse B TypKMeHucmaHe, by R. P. Klevakina (1984). LC; TurkmenSE Rosner, Fred, born 3 October 1935 at Berlin, he graduated in 1955 from Yeshiva University, New York, and received a medical doctorate in 1959. He became a practising physician and a university professor in New York State. In 1993 he was appointed a professor of medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, N.Y.C. He was joint translator of Treatise on hemorrhoids; medical answers, by Moses ben Maimon (1969). BioHbDtE; ConAu 113, new rev., 32; IntAu&W, 1986, 1989; Master (3); NatFacDr, 1995; WhoAm, 1974-1996; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978

de Rosny, Leon Louis Lucien, born in 1837 at Loos (Nord), he studied at l'Ecole speciale des langues orientales vivantes, Paris, where he later became a professor of Japanese. He also served as a director of l'Ecole des hautes etudes and as permanent secretary of the Societe asiatique. He was a founder of the Societe d'ethnologique. His writings include Apercu general des langues semitioes et de leur histoire (1858), Etudes d'agriculture algerienne (1858), and Etudes asiatiques de geographie et d'histoire (1864). The majority of his other publications deal with East Asian subjects. He died in 1914. DcBiPP; EncAm; GdeEnc; IndexBFr2 (8)

Ross, Alan Strode Campbell, born in 1907 at Brecon, Wales, he was a graduate of Balliol College, Oxford, and became successively a professor of linguistics and English at Leeds and Birmingham. He Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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died in 1980. BlueB 1973/74,1975,1976; ConAu 9-12,102; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; IntWW, 1973/74-1981;

Who was

who,7; WhoWor, 1974-1978/79; WrDr, 1974/76-1980/82

Ross, Denman Waldo, born in 1853, he was a graduate of Harvard and received a Ph.D. in 1875. He was one of the leading figures of his generation in the field of fine arts. Since 1895 he was a trustee of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and since 1899 a lecturer on the theory of design. His writings include On drawing and painting (1912). He died in 1935. Amlndex (6); Biolnd 3,10; DAB, S 1; Master (5); WhAm,1

Ross, Edward Alsworth, born 12 December 1866 at Virden, Illinois, he was a graduate of Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and did post-graduate studies at Berlin (1888-1889), and Johns Hopkins University where he received a Ph.D. He was a professor of economics at Indiana University, 1891-1892; professor of political economy and finance at Cornell, 1892-1893; professor of sociology at Stanford, 1893-1900; and from 1901 until his retirement in 1937, a professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin. He was a scholar who dominated American sociology during his lifetime; he travelled widely throughout the world studying sociological problems. His writings include Social control (1901), The foundations of sociology (1905), Social psychology (1908), Seventy years of it; an autobiography (1936). He died on 22 JUly 1951. DAB; Shavit-Africa; WhAm Ross, Sir Edward Charles, born 23 September 1836, he was educated at Edinburgh Academy and Edinburgh Military Academy. He was a competent Persian and Arabic scholar. He entered the Indian Civil Service in 1855 and served as Resident in the Persian Gulf and consul-general from 1872 to 1891. He died 2 February 1913. Buckland; Riddick; Who was who, 1 Ross, Sir Edward Denison, born 6 June 1871 at Stepney, he was educated at University College, London and studied Oriental languages at Paris and Strar1burg. In 1901 he went to Calcutta as principal of the famous Madrasah for the education of Muslims, a post which was combined, in 1906, with that of Curator of Records, Government of India, which carried the rank of assistant secretary in the Education Department. He seized the opportunity to edit and publish the Persian correspondence carried on in the latter part of the 18th century with Indian princes by Clive, Warrren Hastings and other governors of Fort William. When SOAS was founded, he was appointed its first director. "The director was well fitted for the Chair of Persian bestowed on him by the University, but outside that field he was not a profound scholar, nor did he shine as an administrator. But he had the gift of teaching and the gift of inspiring. He started on their way many competent scholars who, when sufficiently advanced, were confronted by the limitations of his own scholarship. He was too restless for patient research, but all who met him were impressed by the width of his knowledge, his enthusiasm for all forms of knowledge, and his broad humanity. He could read some thirty odd languages. His writings include Islam (1927), The Persians (1931). He retired from SOAS in the summer of 1937. Two years later, he became head of the British Information Bureau, Istanbul, to assist in the development of Anglo-Turkish relations, and there, after a short illness, he died on 20 September 1940. DNB; Index Islamicus (3); Journal II

of the Royal Central Asian Society 27 (October 1940), p. 504; MW 31 (1941),211-212; Who was who, 3

Ross, James, born 18th cent., he was a member of the East India Company's Civil Service and affiliated with the Literary Society of Bombay. He translated The Gulistan, with an essay on Sadi's life and genius (1823), a work which was re-published in 1865 and 1890. BlC Ross, Justin Charles, born 10 December 1841 at Calcutta, he joined the Bengal Engineers in 1860 as a lieutenant and retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1888. From 1883 to 1888 he was engaged on the irrigation system in Egypt and became inspector general. He was especially employed on the Ismailyah Canal. He designed the Sharaki works which he brought to a satisfactory conclusion. He wrote the introduction to Egyptian irrigation, by Sir William Willcocks (1889). He died in Bournemouth on 17 August 1896. Boase; Egyptology Ross, Marvin Chauncey, born in 1904 at Moriches, N.Y. he graduated in 1928 from Harvard and became an authority on Byzantine art and subsequently served as a curator and director at American museums. His writings include Catalogue of the Byzantine and early medieval antiquities in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection (1966-1978). He died on 24 April 1977. Bioln 11; ConAu 19-20,69-72; DrAS, 1969, 1974 H; Master (2); WhAm,7; WhoAmA, 1966-1978

Ross, Thomas, born 3 June 1927 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. at Wien with a thesis entitled Der moderne Stadtebau und die Wiener wotinums- und Siedlungsanlagen zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen. He was for many years a foreign correspondent for the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in South Asia and the Middle East. His writings include Osteuropa kehrt zurack (1968), Auf dem Vulkan; Roman (1973), Die Erpressung; Roman (1975), and Es ist mir leid um dich, meinBruder Jonathan (1979). KDtlK,1981; Weristwer, 1979-1993/941

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Ross, Werner, born 21 January 1912 at Krefeld-Uerdingen, Germany, he studied German and Romance philology at Bonn from 1931 to 1936 and received a Dr.phil. in 1938 with a thesis entitled Das Bild der romiscnen Kaiserzeit in der franzosischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhun derts. His writings consist largely of Italian grammars and dictionaries. Thesis

Rosseeuw Saint-Hilaire, Eugene Francols Achille, born 9 August 1802 at Paris, he began his university career in 1826 at Ajaccio as a professor of rhetoric, but soon went to Paris by way of Tulle (Correze), to teach history for eight years at the College Bourbon. In 1838 he became affiliated with the chair of ancient history at the Sorbonne, a post which held until his retirement in 1872 with the rank of professeur honoraire. His writings include Histoire d 'Espagne depuis ttnvesion des Goths jusqu'eu commencement du XIXe siecle (1837-41). He died in Paris on 30 January 1889. Dantes 1; GdeEnc; GDU; Glaeser; Hoefer; IndexBFr 2 (1); Index Islamicus, 1665-1905 (3), Vapereau

Rossello Bordoy, Guillermo, born 1 January 1932, he gained a doctorate and specialized in archaeology. His writings include l/isiem a les Illes Balears (1968), Mallorca musulmana (1973), Corpus balear de epigrafia erebe (1976), Ensayo de sistematizaci6n de la ceremice ereoe en Mallorca (1978), Notas para un estudio de Ibiza musulmana (1985), and EI poblado prehist6rico de Torre d 'En Goumes (1986). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; LC Rosser, John Hutchins, born in 1942, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from Rutgers University with a thesis entitled Theophilus liThe Unlucky(t (829-842); a study of ... Byzantium 's last iconoclastic emperor. Certainly from 1995 to 2000 he was a professor at the Department of History, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Mass. LC; NatFacDr, 1995-2000 Rosser-Owen, Dawud (David) G., fl. 1984, his writings include Social change in Islam (1976).

LC

Rossetti, Roberto A., born 19th cent., he was in 1916 a lawyer and deputy adviser to the Egyptian Ministry of Public Works and in 1928, a royal adviser and head of the Contentieux des Affaires judiciaires mixtes, Cairo. He was for over twelve years a member of the Societe Fouad 1er d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. He died after 1941. Note about the author

Rossi, Elia, born in 1816 at Ferrara, where he studied medicine. He went to Egypt in 1838, entered the government medical service, and was assigned to the army. He served in the Sudan until about 1865. His writings include La Nubia e iI Sudan (1858), Geografia medica deltEgitto (1870), De la moriellte des enfants en Egypte (1875), and La population et les finances; question egyptienne (1878). His trace is lost after a publication in 1889. Hill; IndBI (1) Rossi, Ettore, born 30 September 1894 to a family of modest substance at Secugnago near Milano, he completed his classics study in 1914 at Pavia and subsequently served as a soldier in Tripolitania where he became interested in the Orient. In 1920 he received a doctorate with a thesis on popular Greek poetry, and then spent two years as a government interpreter in Tripolitania. Since 1921 he was also editor of Oriente moderno. He began his university career in 1927, and in 1939 he became a lecturer in Turkish, to which Persian was added a little later. In the interwar years he visited Turkey and the Yemen, and in the second World War he served in Albania and Greece. The collapse of the Italian Empire was a heavy blow to his patriotism. He visited Tripolitania again in 1952 on an archaeological mission. His writings include /I dominio degli spagnoli e dei Cavalieri di Malta a Ttiptot, 1510-1551 (1937), Manuale di lingua turca (1939), La nuova Turchia (1939), Documenti sultorigine e gli sviluppi della questione araba, 1875-1944 (1944), Elenco dei manoscritti persiani della Biblioteca vaticana (1948), Elenco dei manoscritti turchi della Biblioteca vaticana (1953), Le iscrizioni arabe e turche del Museo di Tripoli, Libia (1953), and he edited and translated /I Kitab-i Dede Qorqut (1952). In 1955 he finally accepted a nomination as corresponding member of the Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, an honour which, out of modesty, he had previously not accepted. He died in Roma on 23 August 1955. Chi

e, 1948;

Index Islamicus (5); Studia orientalia, Cairo, 1 (1956), pp. 301-305; ZDMG, n.F. 31 (1956), pp. 1-6

Rossi, Mario, born 21 January 1916 in Italy, he received a Ph.D. in 1953, and settled in N.Y.C. He was a journalist and a lecturer in international affairs. His writings include The Third World; the unaligned countries and the world revolution (1963), its translation, Paesi nuovi e politica mondiale (1965), Da Hegel a Marx (1970-75), Cultura e rivoluzione (1974), and North Africa (1974). ConAu 5-8, new rev. 8; IndBI (1)

Rossi, Pierre, born 28 October 1920. His writings include L 'lrak des revones (1962), La Tunisie de Bourguiba (1967), its translation, Bourguiba 's Tunisia (1967), La cite d'/sis; histoire vraie des Arabes et de la civilisation arabe de I'Egypte (1976), La verte Libye de Quadhafi (1979), and Iraq, the land of the new river (1980). LC Rossi, Vittorio Giovanni, born 8 January 1898 at Santa Margherita Ligure (Genova), he was a journalist, a sometime special correspondent of Correre della sera, and a writer of travel literature. His Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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writings include Tropici dal Senegal al/'Angola (1934), Via degli spagnoli (1936), and its translation, Spaniard's way (1937). He died in 1978. Chi a, 1948, 1957, 1961; Chi scrive; IndBI (7); Vaccaro; Wholtaly Rossie, Jean Pierre, fl. 1967, he was affiliated with the Centre d'etude et de documentation africaines, Bruxelles. His writings include Bibliographie commentee de la communeute musulmane au Zaire des origines a 1975 (1976). lC Rossini, Carlo Conti, 1872-1949 see Conti Rossini, Carlo Rossler, Otto, born 6 February 1907 at Eisenstadt (Kirmarton), Austria-Hungary, he received his primary education at a Hungarian school, and his secondary education at Wien where. He subsequently studied Semitic languages, Egyptology, as well as African and Iranian languages at Wien and Berlin. He received a Dr.phil. in 1938 with a thesis entitled Untersuchungen abet die akkadische Fassung der Achamenideninschriften. He later pursued Berber and Hamito-Semitic studies and became associated with the Universitat TObingen from 1942 to 1964 when he accepted an appointmenet as professor of Semitic studies at a newly established department in the Unlversltat Marburg, a post which he held until his retirement in 1975. He died 9 July 1991. KUrschner, 1954-1987; ZDMG 145 (1995), pp. 1-6 Rossler, Walter, born 19th cent., he gained a doctorate, and was German consul at Aleppo from about 1910 to the outbreak of the first World War. He was instrumental in establishing the German school in Aleppo. He died in Berlin on 4 April 1929. DerNahe Osten, Mai 1929; Werist's, 1912 Rossow, Robert, born 19 September 1918 at Bloomington, Ind., he was a graduate of Georgetown University and the University of Michigan Law School. He was in charge of the U.S. Consulate in Tabriz from Decmber 1945 to June 1946, and subsequently chief of the Political Section of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran until 1947. From 1958 to 1960 he served as counselor on political affairs in Kabul. Shavit

Rost, Leonhard, born 30 November 1896 at Ansbach, Germany, he studied Arabic and theology and received a Dr.phil. in 1922 at Erlangen with a thesis entitled AI-As1ari's Kitab a/-Iuma'; Text und Obersetzung. He was a professor of Old Testament studies at a number of German universities. His writings include Israel bei den Propheten (1937). He died in Erlangen, 5 December 1979. DtBE; Hinrichsen; KUrschner, 1926-1980

Rostafiriski, J6zef Tomasz, born 14 August 1850 at Warszawa, he studied mathematics and botany at Warszawa, Jena, Halle and Strafsburq where he received a doctorate in 1873 with a thesis entitled Versuch eines Systems der Mycetozonen. He was a lecturer and assistant at the Botanische Institut, Universitat StraBburg, 1874-1876, and thereafter attached to the Uniwersytet Jaqlellonskl, Krak6w. After 1880 he was involved almost exclusively in natural history. His writings include Sredniowieczna Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi (1900). He died in Krakow, historya naturalna w Polsce 5 May 1928. Dziekan; GBl; PSB

=

Rostagno, Lucia, fl. 1977. Her writings include Mi faccio turco; esperienze ed immagini dell'is/am nell'ltalia moderna (Roma, Istituto per l'Oriente, 1983). lC Rostaing, Charles Denis, born 9 October 1904 at Istres (Bouches-du-Rhone), he studied Romance languages at Aix-en-Provence and Lyon and received doctorates in 1950 and 1953. He taught at French lycees, and from 1951 to 1974, successively at the universities of Aix and Paris. He was joint author of Precis de iitiereture provencete (1987). In 1974 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Melanges d'histoire litteraires, de linguistique et de phi/ologie romanes offerts WhoFr, 1979/80-1997/981

a Charles

Rostaing.

Rostgaard, Frederik, born in 1671 at Krogerup ved Humlebcek, Denmark, he was an archivist, councillor of state, and prefect. After the completion of his study in 1690, he travelled for three years, visiting GieBen, Leiden, Oxford, Paris, Roma, Napoli, and Malta. His writings include the translation Arabum philosophia pop ularls, sive syl/oge nova proverbiorum of Sulayman ibn Ya'qub al-Salihani (1764). He died at his place of birth on 25 April 1745. DanskBl; DanskBl2; FUck, p. 102; ScBlnd (6) Rostopchin, Fedor Borisovich, born in 1904 at St. Petersburg, where he graduated from the Institute of Modern Oriental Languages in 1926. He subsequently taught at the Communist University of the Workers of the East from 1926 to 1931 when he became affiliated for four years with the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad. Thereafter he joined the Bukhara Museum. His writings include 5u6nuoapacjJU'-leCKuiJ YKa3amenb no nepcuu (1928). Miliband 2 Rostovtzeff (Rostowzew), Michail lvanovlc, born in 1870 at Kiev, he studied at Kiev and St. Petersburg, and emigrated to the United States in 1918. He became a professor of ancient history at the University of Wisconsin in 1920, joining five years later the Faculty of Yale University as Sterling Professor of ancient history and classical archaeology, a post which he held until his retirement in Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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1944. His writings include A history of the ancient world (1926-28), Caravan cities (1932), and its translation, Citta carovaniere (1934). He died in New Haven, Conn., 20 October 1952. Bioln 3,15; DAB, S 5; Master (3); NatCAB, vol. 39, pp. 558-559; WhAm, 3; WhNAA; Who was who, 5

Rostow, Eugene Victor, born 25 August 1913 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he graduated from Yale University in the class of 1933 and received a LL.D. in 1962. He joined the teaching staff of Yale in 1938 and was appointed Sterling Professor of law in 1965. In 1966 he became an under-secretary in the U.S. Department of State. His writings include Peace in the balance (1972), The Ideal in law (1978), and he edited The Middle East; critical choices for the United States (1976). He died on 25 November 2002. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 5-8; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 P; IntWW, 1974-2001; Who, 1974-2000; WhoAmL,19781985; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972; WrDr, 1982-2003

Rostowzew, Michall lvanovlc, 1870-1952 see Rostovtzeff, Michaillvanovic de Rotalier, Charles Edouard Joseph, born in 1804 at Villers-Poz (Vesoul). After brilliant study at l'I~cole polytechnique, he started a military career with an artillery regiment as a sous-lieutenant. With the rank of lieutenant he served in Algeria until his resignation in 1832 when he pursued a literary interest. His writings include Histoire d'Alger et de la piraterie des Turcs dans la Mediterranee, a dater du seizieme sieae (1841). He died in 1849. BiD&SB; IndexBFr2 (2)

Rotblat, Howard J., he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled Stability and change in an Iranian provincial bazar. In the same year he was appointed an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. LC Roth, Arlette see Roth-Laly, Arlette Roth, Friedrich Wilhelm Emil, born 6 August 1853 at Eltville, Germany, he studied Catholic theology, but soon changed to history and diplomacy. He was a historian of private means, specializing in the history of printing in Germany. He settled at Wiesbaden. His writings include Die Geschichtsquellen des Niederrheingau's (1880-84), and Die Buchdruckereien zu Worms am Rhein im XVI. Jahrhundert (1892). DtBiind (1); Hinrichsen Roth, Gustav, born 22 January 1916 at Breslau, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1958 at MOnchen with a partial edition and translation of Malli-Jnata = Mallinatha. He was a lecturer in Prakit and modern Indian languages at Indologisches Seminar in the Universitat Gottingen until his retirement in 1981. KOrschner, 1970-19921 Roth, Henry Liang, born 3 February 1855 at London, he was an ethnologist and a curator of the Bankfield Museum, Halifax. His writings include A sketch of the agriculture and peasantry of eastern Russia (1878), The natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo (1896), Great Benin, its customs, art and horrors (1903), and The genesis of banking in Halifax (1914). He died in Leeds, 12 May 1925. Egyptology Roth, Johannes Rudolf, born 4 September 1815 at NOrnberg, he studied medicine and natural sciences at MOnchen and in 1836 accompanied his teacher to Egypt and Palestine. He received a Dr.phil. in 1839 from the Universitat MOnchenwith a thesis entitled Mulluscorum species quas in itinere per orientem facto comites clariss. In 1840 he travelled to India, returning by way of Aden and Abyssinia. In 1852 and 1856 he travelled to the Near East. His writings include Schilderung der Neturvemeltnisse in SOd-Abyssinien (1851). He died in Hasbeya, 25 June 1858. DtBE Roth, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, born 25 March 1866 at Haundorf, Germany, he was educated at Weil1enburg an der Saale and Ansbach, and studied philology and history, with special reference to the Balkans and the Near East, at the universities of MOnchen and Erlangen where he received a Dr.phil. in 1898 with a thesis entitled Die erzehtenaen Zeitformen bei Dionysius von Halikarnass. He served in the army and was invalided home with the rank of second lieutenant. In 1897 he was appointed a secondary school teacher at Ludwigshafen. His writings include Geschichte des Byzantinischen Reiches (1904), its translation, Historia del imperio bizantino (1928), Geschichte der christlichen Balkanstaaten (1907), its translation, ncmcou« Ha xpucmusncxumue 6anKaHcu Hapoou (1910), and Geschichte Albaniens (1914). DtBiind (4) Roth, Thomas, born 21 November 1951, he studied German and English literature and became a radio and televison foreign correspondent. His writings include SOdafrika, die letzte Chance (1991). Wer ist wer, 1998/99, 1999/2000

Roth, Walter Rudolf, born 3 April 1821 at Stuttgart, he studied theology as well as Sanskrit and Persian, and subsequently spent two years in Paris and London, working on manuscript material. He was an authority on Veda and Avesta studies. Since 1848 he was a professor at TObingen, and later concurrently a librarian. He died in TObingen on 23 June 1895. ADtB, vol. 53, pp. 549-564; Buckland; DtBE; ZDMG 49 (1895), pp. 550-559

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Roth, Wilhelm, born 5 July 1837 at Basel, he received a doctorate in 1859 from the Universitat Gottingen with a thesis entitled 'Oobe Ibn Nafi' el-Fihri, der Eroberer Nordafrikas; ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der arabischen Historiographie. His writings include Leben und Erstlingsschriften aus seinem Nachlal3 (Gottinqen, 1862). He died 8 February 1860. DtBlnd (1) Roth-Laly, Arlette. She gained a doctorate, and certainly from 1987 to 1993 she was affiliated with the C.N.R.S., Paris, as a directeur de recherche. Her writings include Le theatre algerien de langue dialectale, 1926-1954 (1967), Lexique des parlers arabes tchado-soudanais (1969) Le verbe dans Ie parler arabe de Kormakiti (1976), and Esquisse grammaticale du parler arabe d'Abbeche (1979). EURAMES, 1993

Rotheit, Rudolf, born 10 October 1861 at Warszawa, he was educated at Thorn (Torun), Prussia, and studied at the universities of Heidelberg and Leipzig. He spent twelve years in Wien and three years in the East. His writings include Die Friedensbedingungen der deutschen Presse; Los von Reuter und Havas! (1915), and Kernworte des We/tkrieges (1916). Werist's, 1909-1922 Rothenberg, Gunther Erich, born 11 July 1923 at Berlin, he served in the British and American armies from 1941 to 1955, and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from the University of Illinois with a thesis entitled Antemurales Christianitatis; the Austrian military border in Croatia, 1522-1749. He subsequently served as a professor of history and military history at Carbondale, Cal., Albuquerque, N. Mex., and Lafayette, Ind. His writings include The anatomy of the Israeli Army (1979). BioHbDtE; ConAu 21-24, new rev. 8; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; WhoAm, 1986-2000

Rothenberger, John Evans, born about 1940, he received a Ph. D. in 1970 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Law and conflict resolution, politics, and change in a Sunni Muslim village in Lebanon. Selim Rother, Klaus, born 29 August 1932 at Chemnitz, Germany, he received his first doctorate in 1962 from the Universitat Tubinqen with a thesis entitled Uber Blockbildungen im norottcnen Talschwarzwald und im Murgta/, and his second one in 1970 at Bonn with a thesis entiled Die Kulturlandschaft der tarentischen GolfkOste. He was a professor of geography at Dusseldorf from 1971 to 1982 when he was appointed a professor at Passau. His writings include Die mediterranen Subtropen (1984), Der Mittelmeerraum (1993), and he edited Minderheiten im Mittelmeerraum (1988). KOrschner, 1976-19921 Rothfield, Otto, born Otto Rothfeld in 1876, he was a registrar, Co-operative Societies, Bombay Presidency. His writings include Indian dust (1909), With pen and rifle in Kishtwar (1918), Impressions of the co-operative movement in France and Italy (Bombay, 1920), Women of India (1920), and Umar Khayyam and his age (1922). He died in 1932. NUC, pre-1956 Rothfuchs, Willy, fl. 20th cent., he received a doctorate in mining engineering in 1961 at the Bergakademie, Clausthal, with a thesis entitled Vergleich der wirtschaftlichen und gebirgsdrucktechnischen Verha/tnisse in Flozstrecken. In 1964 he was affiliated with the lnternationale Planungs- und Consulting Gesellschaft in Duisburg. Rothholz, Walter, born in 1943, he studied political science and lslamics, and gained a doctorate in 1981. He was a lecturer at the Freie Universltat Berlin from 1985 to 1993 when he began teaching at the Universitat Greifswald, a post which he still held in 2001. His writings include Die politische Kultur Norwegens (1986), and Das Kriterium der nationalen Identitat und die Nationenbildung (1997). KOrschner, 1996, 2001

Rothman, Goran (Georg), born 30 November 1730 at Wexio (Vaxlo), Sweden, he studied at Uppsala where he received a medical doctorate in 1763. He was a physician and bibliophile who also visited the Barbary coast as well as central Africa. He died in 1775. NUC, pre-1956; ScBlnd (3) Rothpletz, Friedrich August, born 25 April 1853 at Neustadt an der Weinstra~e, Germany, he studied natural sciences at Heidelberg, Zurich and Leipzig where he received a doctorate in 1882. He subsequently went to Munchen to become a professor of geology and palaeontology. He died in Oberstdorf on 21 January 1918. DtBE; DtBilnd (5) Rothstein, Gustav, born 16 July 1874 at Puhl, Germany, he graduated from a Dusseldorf high school and studied at the Unlversitat Halle-Wittenberg where he received a Dr.phil. in 1898 with a thesis entitled Die Dynastie der Lahmiden in el-Htre. His writings include Leitfaden zum Unterricht im Alten Testament tcr SchOler honorer Lehranstalten (1909), Kirchengeschichte tar reifere SchOler und SchOlerinnen (1912), and Unterricht im A/ten Testament (1919-21). Schwarz; Thesis Rothstein, Theodore, 1871-1953 see Rotshein, Fedor Aronovich Rothwell, Victor Howard, born 11 April 1945 at Hyde, Cheshire, he was a graduate of the University of Nottingham and gained a Ph.D. in 1969 at Leeds. Since 1970 he was a lecturer in history at Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Edinburgh. His writings include British war aims and peace diplomacy, 1914-1918 (1971), Britain and the Cold War, 1941-1947 (1982), and Anthony Eden; a political biography (1992). ConAu 37-40; WhoWor, 1989/90; WrDr, 1976/78-2000

Rotshtein, Fedor Aronovich, born in 1871, he gained a doctorate in 1934. His writings include Egypt's ruin; financial and administrative report, by Theodore Rothstein, introduction by Wilfrid Scawen Blunt (1910), AHanuliaHe s Eeuttme (1925), 3axsam u sesesenenue Eeuttme (1925), and From chartism to labourism (1929). He died 30 August 1953. LC; Miliband; Miliband2 Rott, Gerhard, born 2 May 1902 at Klosterneuburg, Austria, where he was also educated. From 1919 to 1921 he studied Arabic, Turkish, and Persian at the Offentliche Lehranstalt fur Orientalische Sprachen, Wien. He subsequently studied engineering from 1921 to 1927 at the Wiener Technische Hochschule. From 1928 to 1932 he worked as an expert in the Balkan and Orient trade. The following four years he participated in political underground activities of the Austrian N.S.D.A.P. against the Austrian government, and was for some time incarcerated in an Austrian concentration camp. On 7 March 1936 he escaped to Germany where he continued his study at the Ausland-Hochschule and the Universitat, Berlin. In 1937 he entered the Press Bureau of the Central Government as a Near East expert. In 1939 he inaugurated the Arabic section of its wireless service, a post which he held until September 1940. He received a doctorate in 1942 at the Unlversitat Berlin with a thesis entitled Kawakibi, ein arabischer Nationalist. His writings include Neuarabische Stilproben (Leipzig, 1940).

Thesis

Rott, Hans, born 12 November 1876 at Hunspach near Weif1enburg (Wissembourg), Alsace, he studied law at Straf1burg and Freiburg where he received a Dr.jur. with a thesis entitled Das StraBburger Strafrechtsverfahren vom 11.-14. Jahrhundert. He subsequently accepted an invitation from the Unlversitat Heidelberg to collaborate with the compilation of a dictionary of German legal terminology. Concurrently he pursued studies in history, theology, philosophy, art and literature, culminating in a doctoral thesis in 1904 entitled Friedrich II. von der Pfalz und die Reformation. His writings include Kleinasiatische Denkmeler aus Pisidien, Pamphylien, Kappadonien und Lykien (Leipzig, 1908). NUC; pre-1956; Thesis

Rottensten, Knud Valdemar, born 24 January 1903 at Klemensker on Bornholm, he graduated in agriculture, and went from 1927 to 1929 as an assistant to the Farm Demonstration Office, Mount Holly, N.J. He subsequently studied at Cornell University where he received a Ph.D. in 1934 with a thesis entitled A study of the comparative availability of calcium and phosphorus from different mineral supplements. He held posts at agricultural colleges successively in Scotland and Denmark, before he was appointed a professor and head of the Division of Animal Production and Protection at A.U.B., from 1962 to 1968. His writings include Den kunstige saadoverf0ring og avlsarbejdet i U.S.A. (1951). He died 13 January 1990. Kraks, 1989 Rotter, Gernot, born 14 May 1941 at Troppau (Opava), Sudetenland, he studied Islamics, comparative religion and African history and received a Dr.phil. in 1966 from the Universitat Bonn with a thesis entitled Stellung des Negers in der islamisch-arabischen Gesellschaft bis zum 16. Jahrhundert. In 1967 he was a lecturer in Arabic at Bonn, and from 1968 to 1969 a research fellow in the German Orient-Institut, Beirut. He held a post as assistant in the Oriental Institute, TObingen, before he was appointed a professor of Islamic studies at the Universitat Hamburg in 1984, a post which he still held in 2003/2004. His writings include Syrien (Edition Erde ReisefOhrer, 1996), and he edited Die Welten des Islam (1992). Some of his research has been plagiarized by Gerhard Konzelmann, and is documented in Rotter's Allahs Plagiator; die publizistischen Raubzuge des "Nenosiexperten" Konzelmann (1992). Since 1984 he was a member of the German environmental party. KOrschner, 1992-2003; Thesis; Wer ist wer, 1991/92-2002/2003

de Rottermund de Gurnaklecza, Walery, his writings include Peterineqe en Terre sainte (Paris, 1855). BN Rouanet, Jules, fl. 1897-1905, his writings include La musique arabe (1905), as well as articles in the Bulletin de la Societe de geographie d'Alger. Rouard de Card, Martial Michel Edgard, born 20 May 1853 at Limoges, he studied law at Paris where he received doctorates in 1877 and 1883. He was successively a professor of law at Alger, Montpellier, and Toulouse. His writings include Etudes de droit international (1890), Les treites de protectorat conclus par la France en Afrique (1897), Une compagnie trenceise dans I'empire du Maroc au XVlle steele (1908), Accords secrets entre la France et I'/talie concernant Ie Maroc et la Lybie (1921), Le statut de Tanger (1925), and Le differend franco-italien concernant la frontiere meridionale de la Lybie (1929). Curinier; Qui etes-vous, 1924

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260 Roucaud, Charles (Karol), major, born 19th cent., his writings include Niemiecka walka podwodna podczas wojny 1914-1918 r. (Warszawa, 1921), and Poch6d niemc6w na Paryz i bitwa nad Marnq na podstawie materjalow niemieckich (Warszawa, 1922). NUC, pre-1956 Roucek, Joseph Slabey, born in 1902 at Slany, Austria-Hungary, he emigrated to the United States in 1921, where he graduated in 1925 from Occidental College, Los Angeles, and received a Ph.D. in 1929 from New York University with a thesis entitled The working of the minorities system under the League of Nations. Since 1929 he was a professor of sociology and political science at East Coast universities and repeatedly a visiting professor at home and abroad, specializing on international geopolitics and minority problems. His writings include Balkan politics (1948). ConAu 9-12, new rev. 32; IntAu&W, 1876, 1977; WhE&EA

Rouch, Jules Alfred Pierre, born 24 May 1884 at Marseille, he was a naval officer until 1937 when he was appointed to the chair of physical oceanography at I'lnstitut Oceanographique de Paris. In the interwar years he briefly served as a naval attache in the Balkans. After Moroccan independence he became a director of the Muses Oceanographique de Monaco until 1957. His writings include Les decouvertes oceanographiques modernes (1959). He died in Monaco, 10 March 1973. Hommes et destins, vol1, pp. 543-544; Nature 179 (12 January 1957), p. 73; NDNC, 1964

Rouchdy, Aleya Aly, born in 1936 or 1939, he was a graduate of A.U.C. and received a Ph.D. in 1970 from the University of Texas at Austin with a thesis entitled A case of bilingualism. He was appointed a professor of linguistics and Arabic at Wayne State University, Detroit, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Nubians and the Nubian language in contemporary Egypt (1991), and he edited The Arabic language in America (1992). DrAS, 1974, 1978 F; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 2000 Rouche, Isaac, Rabbi of Oran, fl. 1943, his writings include the booklet, Ghefs-reuvre bebretque de la bibliotheque de M. Isaac Rouche (Casablance, 195-?). NUC, pre-1956 Roudaire, Francois Elie, born 6 August 1836 at Gueret (Creuse), he was a graduate of l'Ecole militaire de Saint-Cyr. Since 1864 he was active in Algeria and Tunisia where he initiated the project of an inland lake, the mer mterieure. In connection with this plan he was sent on several scientifique missions to North Africa by the Ministers de I'instruction publique, the results of which were published in several Rapports. His writings include Etudes relatives au projet de mer imeneure (1877), and La mer inierieare africaine (1883). He died in Gueret, 14 January 1885. Embacher: IndexBFr2 (1); Vapereau de Rougemont, Denis Louis, born 8 September 1906 at Neuchatel, he was an essayist, professor and editor-publisher who established the Centre europeen de la culture at Geneve in 1950 and directed that organization until his death on 6 December 1985. His writings include Politique de la personne (1934), L'amour et I'occident (1939), its translation, Love in the Western world (1940), L'aventure occidentale de I'homme (1957), and its translation, Man's Western quest (1957). AnObit, 1985; Bioln, 14, 15; CasWL; ConAu 154; IntWW, 1979-1983; TwCA, suppl.; WhoFr, 1984/85; WhoSwi,1966/67-1985/85

Rougeron, Camille, fl. 1939, he was a writer on military affairs whose writings include L'aviation de bombardement (1936), its translation, Das Bombenflugwesen (1938), Les enseignements eetiens de la guerre d'Espagne (1939), its translation, Las ensenenzes eeres de la guerra en Espana (1940), and Les enseignements de la guerre de Goree (1952). NUC, pre-1956 Rouget, Gilbert, born 7 September 1916 at Paris, he was an ethnomusicologist, with reference to Africa, and for many years attached to the Musee de I'homme in Paris. His writngs include La musique et la transe (1980), and its translation, Music and trance (1985). Unesco Roughton, Richard A. He visited Algeria from September 1966 to mid-June 1967 and again from December 1967 to January 1968. In 1969 he was an instructor of history at the University of Rhode Island. He received a Ph. D. in 1971 or 1973 from the University of Maryland with a thesis entitled French colonialism and the resistance in central and western Algeria, 1830-1839. LC; Selim

Rougier, Antoine, born 16 June 1877 in Switzerland, he received a doctorate in political science in 1902 from the Universite de Lyon with a thesis entitled Les guerres civiles et Ie droit des gens. Since 1912 he was a professor of law at the Universite de Lausanne. SchZLex Rougier, Jean Claude Paul, born 16 June 1826 at Lyon, he gained a doctorate in law at Dijon in 1852 and became a sometime lawyer at the Cour lmperlale de Lyon. He was in 1858 one of the founders of l'Ecole libre de droit de Lyon, and editor-in-chief of the Moniteur judiciaire, Lyon, as well as a contributor to Jurisprudence de la Gour de Lyon. His writings include Les associations ouvtieres (1864), and Precis de legislation et d'eccnomie coloniale (1895). Dantes 1; Vapereau Rouillard, Clarence Dana, born 7 July 1904 at Bath, Me, he was a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1924 and received a Ph.D. in 1936 from Harvard with a thesis entitled The Turk in French history, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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He was a professor of French at University College in the University of Toronto from 1937 to his retirement in 1969, and from 1959 to 1969 he also served as head of the French Department. Canadian, 1980-19911; WhoAm, 1980-1986/871

thought, and literature, 1520-1660.

Rouire, Alphonse Marie Ferdinand, born in 1855, he gained a medical doctorate. In 1884 he was

metiecin aide-major at the H6pital militaire du Gros-Caillou in Paris as well as secretary general of the Societe de geographie de Tours. His writings include La decouverte du bassin hydrographique de la Tunisie centrale et I'emplacement de I'ancien lac Triton, ancienne mer inietieure d'Afrique (1887), L'Afrique aux Europeens (1907), La rivetit« anglo-russe au XIXe siecte en Asie; golfe Persique trontieres de I'Inde (1908), and its translation, Aueno-pycceoe conepnuuecmeo B A3UU B XIX eese

(1924).

BN; LC

Rouire, L, fl. 1886-1905, he was a lawyer at Oran whose writings include Les codes franqais-algeriens compares (1886). BN Rouleau, Eric, born 1 July 1926 at Cairo. From 1953 to 1960, he worked for Agence France-Presse, and from 1955 to 1985, for Le Monde. It was during his editorship of its Middle East section that it evolved internationally as the daily with the most authoritative news coverage. Concurrently he lectured at American universities. In 1988, he became French ambassador to Turkey. His writings include Les Palestiniens d'une guerre a I'autre (1984). Bacque, p. 104-105 Roumani, Jacques. He received a Ph.D. in 1987 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled The emergence of modern Libya; political traditions and colonial change. He edited Public sector management in Botswana; lessons in pragmatism (Washington, D.C., World Bank, 1984). Selim 2 Roumani, Maurice M., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 at SOAS with a thesis entitled The contributions of the army to national integration in Israel. In 1991 he was a senior lecturer in political science at Ben Gurion University of the Negev. His writings include From immigrant to citizen; the contribution of the army to national integration in Israel (1979), he edited Forces of change in the Middle East (1971), and he was joint editor of Ethnicity, intergration, and the military (1991). MESA Roster of members, 1990; Sluglett Roume, Ernest Nestor, born 12 July 1858 at Marseille. After brilliant study at l'Ecole polytechnique he was admitted in 1880 to the Conseil d'Etat. He was a colonial administrator in French West Africa, and in 1922 a founding member of the Academia des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. His writings include La conquete des colonies allemandes (1917), and he was joined author of the translation, Slavery and its abolition in French West Africa (1994). He died in 1941. Hommes et destins , vol. 5, pp. 483-485; Qui est-ce, 1934; Qui etes-vous. 1924

Rouquet La Garrigue, Victor, born in 1910, he gained doctorates in law and economics. He was a sometime academic director at the Institut de Science Economique Appliquee, Paris, as well as a technical adviser to the Mlnistere des Affaires Etranqeres, His writings include Les problemes de la correlation et de etesticiie; etude tneoretique autour de la loi King (1948), and Principes de mathematiques economiques (1968). IndexBFr2 (1) Rouquette, Paul-Joseph, fl. 1904-1917, he was a medecin-mejor and author of Le Centre speciete de reiorme; malades, blesses, veuves, orphelins (Bordeaux, 1917). BN; LC Rous, Jean, born in 1908, he was the publisher and editor of the Revue trenceise d'etuaes politiques mediterreneennes. His writings include Tunisie ... attention! (1952), Chronique de la decotonisetion (1965), Habib Bourguiba (1969), and he was joint author of Un homme de I'hombre (1983). LC Rouse, George Henry, Rev., born in 1838, he gained an M.A. and became a teacher and missionary in India. His writings include Plain sermons on Christian doctrine (1881), Tracts for Mohammadans (1893), a work originally written in Bengali and translated into English, and Old Testament criticism in New Testament light (1903). He died in 1909. NUC, pre-1956 Rouse, William Henry Denham, the son of George Henry R., born 30 May 1863 at Calcutta, he was educated at Doveton College, Calcutta, and Christ's College, Cambridge. He was a classicist who taught Sanskrit at Cambridge from 1903 to 1939. His writings include Chanties in Greek and Latin (1922), Gods, heroes and men of ancient Greece (1934), and he edited, with an introduction, The Arabian nights (1907). He died 10 February 1950. Buckland; DNB; WhE&EA; Who was who, 4 Rousseau, Alphonse, born in 1814 at Aleppo, he was a son of Baron Rousseau, a French consul. In 1832 he became a military interpreter in Algeria, but afterwards transferred to the Corps consulaire, where he became interprete de consulat and successively consul general in Tunis and in the Middle East. He was officier de la Legion d'honneur, grand officier du Nichan de Tunis, member of the Societe historique alqerlenne, and several French learned societies. He published numerous Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

262 translations from the Arabic and articles on linguistics. His writings include Parnasse oriental (1841), and Annales tunisiennes (1864). He died probably after 1875. Feraud, pp. 214-215 Rousseau, Amedee, born in 1813 at Aleppo, a son of Baron Rousseau, a French consul. He was in the Corps des interpretes militaires in Algeria and rose from the rank of lnterprete de 3me classe (1831) to interorete de 1re classe (1843). He participated in all Algerian campaigns from 1831 to 1860, particularly under the generals Baraguey-d'Hilliers, d'Arbouville, Negrier and Galbois. Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur (15 April 1846), Officier de la Legion d'honneur (30 December 1862), Officier du Nichan de Tunis (1852). He died while in active service in Aumale, 21 May 1846. Feraud, pp. 213-214 Rousseau, Antoine, born in 1811 at Aleppo, he was a son of Baron Rousseau, a French consul. He served in the Corps des interpretes militaires in Algeria as interpret« principal under Marechal Bugeaud (1846) and Duc d'Aumale (1847). In 1851 he transferred to the Corps consulaire. Subsequently he became secreteire-inieroreie at the Direction des Finances d'Alger. He died probably after 1875. Feraud, p. 213

Rousseau, Charles E., born 18 February 1902 at Melle (Deux-Sevres), he received a doctorate at Paris with a thesis entitled La competence de la Societe des nations dans Ie reglement des conflits internationaux. From 1934 until his retirement in 1972 he was a professor at I'lnstitut d'etudes politiques de Paris. Since 1957 he was also an editor of the Revue generale de droit international public. His writings include Le conflit italo-ethiopien devant Ie droit international (1938), and Relations internationales (1950). OxLaw; WhoFr, 1955/56-1979/801 Rousseau, Francois, born in 1862 at Bagneux (Seine). His writings include Kleber et Menou en Egypte depuis Ie depart de Bonaparte (1900), and Reqne de Charles III d'Espagne (1907). He died in 1929. LC Rousseau, Gabriel, born 19th cent., he was in 1922 an inspecteur des Arts professionne/s, Rabat, and a member of the Societe de geographie du Maroc. His writings include Le meusoiee des princes sa'diens a Marrakech (1925), L'art oecoretlt musulman (1934), and he was joint author of Le costume au Maroc (1938). NUC, pre-1956 Rousseau, Jean Baptiste Louis Jacques, born in 1780 at Auxerre (Yonne), he was a French consul at Basrah (1805), secreteire d'ambassade at Tehran (1807), consul at Aleppo (1808), at Baghdad (1814), and at Tripoli de Barbarie (1824). His writings include Description du pachalik de Bagdad (1809), and Notice historique sur la Perse ancienne et moderne (1818). He died in Marseille in 1831. Oantes 1; Oezobry; FOck, p. 163; Hoefer

Rousseau, Mary Frances, born 18 April 1930 at Appleton, Wisc., she graduated from Creighton University with the class of 1953 and received a Ph.D. in 1977 from Marquetta University with a thesis entitled Toward a Thomistic philosophy of death. After teaching at Mt. Mary College from 1966 to 1979, she was appointed a professor of philosophy at Marquette University, a post which she held to her retirement. Her writings include the translation, The apple; or, Aristotle's death (1968). OrAS, 1969, 1974,1978,1982 P; NatFacDr, 1995

Rousseau, Samuel, born in 1763 at London, he was a trained printer and an orientalist who taught himself Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, Persian, and Arabic. His writings include The flowers of Persian literature (1801), A dictionary of Mohammedan law (1802), and An English and Persian vocabulary (1803). He died in 1820 in London. BiOLA; ONB Roussel, Louis, born in 1881, he was a classicist and in 1928 a professor at the Faculte des lettres de Montpellier. His writings include Karagheuz (1921), Grammaire descriptive de romeique litteraire (1922), and La racine semitioue vue de t'tiebreu (1953). Roussel-Despierre, Jean Charles Francois, born 19th cent. He was a sometime magistrate. His writings include Repertoire du droit administrative (1888), and Souvenirs d'un ancien magistrat d'Alqerie (1897). BN Rousselet, Louis, born 15 May 1845 at Perpignan (Pyrenees-Orientales), he was educated at Paris and in Germany. His writings include L'lnde des rajahs; voyage dans I'Inde centrale (1875), its translations, India and its native princes (1876), L'lndia; viaggio nell'lndia centrale e nel Bengalia (1877), and La India de los rajahs (19--), Les royaume de I'Inde (1879), and Sur les confins du Maroc (1912). He died in 1929. Vapereau Rousset, Camille Felix Michel, born 15 February 1821 at Paris, he was educated at Paris and was successively a professor of history at Grenoble and Paris until 1863 when he became a professor at the College de Bourbon, Paris, and historiographer and librarian to the Mlnistere de la Guerre. He was a member of the Academie francaise. His writings include La conquete d'Alger (1879), and Les Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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a 1840 (1887).

He died in Saint Gobain in 1892.

BiD&SB; Bitard; Bitard 2 ; Dantes 1; DcBiPP; Glaeser; IndexBFr 2 (2); Vapereau

Rousset, Elisee David, born 18 January 1912 at Roanne (Loire), he was a journalist noted for his criticism of German and Russian internment camps, and political imprisonment. His writings include L'univers concentrationnaire (1946), and its translation, The other kingdom (1947). He died in Paris, 13 December 1997. Bioln 1, 8; Contemporary authors, 144, 163; Who's who in France, 1969/70-1996/97; Twentieth century authors, first supplement (1955)

Rousset, Jean, he received a doctorate in law in 1936 from the Universite d'Aix-Marseille with a thesis entitled Les billets de fonds. In 1946 he was a professor at l'I~cole de droit de Beyrouth. NUC, pre-1956 Rousset, Leon, born in 1845. His writings include A travers la Chine (1878), De Paris tinople (1886), and Etats du Danube et des Balkans (1888-1893). NUC, pre-1956

a Constan-

Rousset, Michel Rene Marie, born 27 December 1933 at Charnbery, he was a lecturer at the Faculte de droit de Rabat, and later directeur d'etudes at l'Ecole nationale d'administration du Maroc, before his appointment as a professor of law at the Universite de Grenoble, where he served until his retirement in 1998. His writings include L'ldee de puissance publique en droit administratif (1960), L'Administration marocaine (1971), and Institutions administratives marocaines (1991). WhoFr, 1979/802003/2004

Rousset, Paul, born in 1911 at Geneve, he received a doctorate from the Unlversite de Geneve in 1945 with a thesis entitled Les origines et les cerecteres de la premiere croisade. His writings include Histoire des croisades (1957). Who's who in Switzerland, 1950/51-1986/871 Roussier, Jules, born 4 December 1900 at Alger, he received a doctorate in 1933 at Paris with a thesis entitled Le fondement de I'obligation contractuelle dans Ie droit classique de I'eglise. Certainly from 1957 to 1960 he served as a professor of Islamic law, comparative law, and legal sociology at the Faculte de droit d'Alger. His writings include Le Mariage et sa dissolution dans Ie statut civil algerien (Alger, 1960). Unesco Roussier, Paul, born 19 October 1882 at Lion d'Angers, he came from a family of easy circumstances which allowed him a prolonged study, even after his marriage. It was not until 1912 that he graduated in archival-palaeography at l'Ecole des chartes, and still added training at the Bibliotheque des Langues Orientales, Paris. After wartime military service he was appointed in 1920 archivist-librarian at the Minlstere des Colonies. He retired in 1943 as head of the Service des Archives du Ministers des Colonies and died 12 March 1965. Hommes et destins, vol. 2, pp. 637-640 Rousaler-Theaux, J., fl. 1936-1948, he was a sometime professor of law at the Faculte de droit d'Alger. Note about the author

Roussin, Leander Gaspard, born in 1870 at London. After emplyment with the Anglo-Egyptian Bank, London, he entered the service of the Egyptian Government. From 1910 to 1915 he was financial secretary at the Ministry of Finance, Cairo. He was a British delegate to the International Financial Commission, Athens, and a member of long standing of the Societe sultanieh d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. He died in 1936. Who was who, 3 Rousso, J. R., fl. 1922, he was an agronomist who spent eight years in the United States and Canada in the early years of the twentieth century. In 1928 he was attached to the Foreign Department of the Bank of Montreal, Head Office, Montreal, and a corresponding member of the Societe Fouad 1er d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation. Note about the author Roussos, Georgios Anastasiou, born 15 May 1901 on Paros, Cyclades Islands, he gained a doctorate in law. His writings include N£WT£PIJ totoota TOU 'EAAlJvlKou tevoo; 1826-1974 (1975). Hellenikon, 1965 Roustam Sek, Boris Leonidovich Tageev, 1871- see Tageev, Boris Leonidovich Routh, Enid M. G., born 19th cent., she received the Alexander Prize of 1903 for her essay liThe attempts to establish a balance of power in Europe during the second half of the seventeenth century (1648-1702)." Her other writings include Tangier, England's lost Atlantic outpost (1912), and Sir Thomas More and his friends (1934). NUC, pre-1956 Routh, Guy Montgomery, born in 1882, he was a graduate of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He served in East Africa and India and retired in 1936 with the rank of colonel. He was a Persian, Arabic, and Urdu scholar. His writings include The history of the Institute of Civil Defence (1956), and he was joint author of Vade mecum for officers and civilians proceeding to India, with a chapter on languages and contribution on sport (1912). He died in 1963. Who was who, 6

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Rouveroux, Pierre, born 22 June 1904 at Limoges, he received a doctorate in 1938 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled La representation professionnelle de I'agriculture. He was a directeur des services forestiers, and a permanent secretary, and later honorary secretary of the Acadernie d'Agriculture. He was affiliated with the Direction de l'agriculture et de la colonisation of the Gouvernement general de l'Algerie. He died 11 February 1987. NONC, 1968; WhoFr, 1965/66-1987/88 Rouvillois-Brigol, Madeleine, born about 1935. On 6 October 1960 she was married to Philippe Rouvillois (Who is who in France, 1997/98). Her writings include Le pays de Ouargla, Sahara algerien (1975). She was joint author of Oasis du Sahara algerien (1973). LC Roux, Andre, born 18 January 1909 at Caveirac (Gard), he was for thirty-five years a missionary in West Africa and Oceania. His writings include L'Evangile dans la Foret; naissance d'une eglise en Afrique noire (1971), and Missions des eglises, mission de I'Eglise; histoires d'une longue marche (1984). Unesco Roux, Daniel, fl. 1856-1860, his publications include Album de I'arabisant, ou Recueil choisi d'autographes arabes suivis d'une transcription textuelle pour initier a la lecture des manuscrits (1856), and Cours de lecture trenceise avec la traduction arabes en regard du texte a I'usage des ecotes arabestrenceises (1860). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Roux, Francois Charles, 1879-1961 see Charles-Roux, Francois Roux, Jean Paul, born 5 January 1925 at Paris, he gained a doctorate in 1966 at l'I~cole nationale des langues orientales vivantes, Paris. Since 1955 he was a professor of Islamic art at l'Ecole du Louvre. In 1982 he was a maitre de recherche at the C.N.R.S. His writings include La Turquie; geographie etc. (1953), L'/s/am en Occident (1959). Histoire des Turcs (1984), Histoire des grands mogho/s; Babur (1986), and Le Sang; mythes, symboles et realites (1988). WhoWor, 1978/79 Roux, Jules Charles, born 14 November 1841 at Marseille, he came from a family of industrialists, and continued this tradition. In his early years he became a member of the Chambre de commerce, and a judge at the Tribunal de commerce. In 1889 he entered municipal politics, but he was devoted foremost to the development of the great and national enterprises. At the turn of the century he settled in Paris as a business executive. He was a vice-president of the Compagnie universelle du Canal de Suez as well as a founding member of the Societe de geographie. His writings include Le Canal de Suez, 1854-1898 (1899). He died in Paris, 7 March 1918. Bulletin de la Societe de geographie et ti'etudes coloniales de Marseille 42 (1918/19), pp. 128-31; Curinier vol. 2 (1901), pp. 85-86 I

Roux, Pierre, 1885-1942 see Roux-Berger, Pierre de Roux, Pierre, fl. 1957, he was a sometime president directeur-qenere! of the Banque industrielle d'Afrique francalse du Nord. Note about the author Roux-Berger, Pierre, born 21 October 1885 at Lyon, he was an engineer who during the first World War also graduated from l'Ecole superieure d'aeronautique. After the war he served with the French military mission in Siberia, and later accomplished many other missions in the French colonies where he became a strong advocate of the Trans-Saharan railway project. He was also a politically active socialist. His writings include Moulins-Soudan, mission du Conseil general de 1'Allier en Afrique occidental ttenceise (1936). He died in Lusigny (Allier), 13 October 1942. OcBMOuvF Roux de Rochelle, Jean Baptiste Gaspar, born in 1762 at Lons-Ie-Saulnier (Jura), he began training for the priesthood but soon pursued a military career. In 1872, he emigrated to Switzerland but returned to France three years later. He advanced from a provincial librarian and clerk at the ministry of foreign affairs to become French consul at New York, 1822-24, and minister to the United States from 1830 to 1833. His writings include Histoire du Regiment de Champagne (1839), and Villes enseetiques (1844). He died in Paris in 1849. ACAB; Oantes 1; IndBFr 2 (4) Roux-Ferrand, Jacques Hippolyte, born 16 September 1798 at NTmes, he set out on a teaching career which, however, he soon abandoned in favour of public administration. He became a sous-pretet successively at Vigan, Issoudun, and Epernay where he served from 1852 to his retirement in 1860. He was a member of the academies of Gard, Marseille, and Grenoble. His writings include Histoire des proqres de la civilisation en Europe depuis l'ere cnretienne (1833-41), its translation, Storia dei progressi dell'incivilimento in Europa dall'era cristiana fino al secolo decimono (1842-45), and Dictionnaire reisonne de philosophie morale (1883). He died in Paris, 9 February 1887. Oantes 1; Glaeser; IndexBFr2 (1); Vapereau

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Rovinskii, Pavel Apollovich, born in 1831 at Ratarov, he studied at Kazan and became a historian, Siavist, ethnographer, and an authority on the Balkans where he spent many years. His writings include LfepH020pifi B en npouinou u necmontueu (1888-1915). He died in Petrograd in 1916. Great Soviet encyclopedia

Rovner, Philip, born 16 February 1912 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was a graduate of Washington University and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from the University of Maryland, College Park, entitled Lope de Vega on kingship. He taught Spanish at College Park since 1950. OrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 F Rovsing Olsen, Poul, born 4 November 1922, he studied law at Arhus and Kebenhavn but later turned to music. He became a composer, music critic and ethnomusicologist. He was joint author of Music and musical instruments in the world of Islam (1976). He died 2 July 1982. OanskBL; Kraks, 1982; LC; Yearbook for traditional music 14 (1982), pp. x-xii

Rowbotham, William Bevill, commander, fl. 1956, he was affiliated with the Navy Records Society. He edited The naval brigades in the Indian Mutiny (1947). BLC Rowe, John Gordon, born 15 July 1925 at Vancouver, Wash., he was educated at Harvard and the University of Toronto where he received a Ph.D. in 1955 with a thesis entitled The Papacy and the crusaders in the East, 1100-1160. Since 1967 he was a professor of history, and since 1968 Dean of Arts, at the University of Western Ontario, London. He was joint author of William Tyre, historian of the Latin East (1988). OrAS, 1969, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; Selim Rowe, Louis Earle, born 19 June 1882 at Providence, R.1. After his graduation from Brown University, he studied at the American School of Classical Studies, Athens. He later served as an archaeologist at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. He died 17 February 1937. NatCAB, vol. 28, p. 308; Shavit; WhAm, 1 Rowland, Benjamin, born 2 December 1904 at Overbrook, Pa., he received a Ph.D. in 1930 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Jaume Huguet and the painting of the second half of the fifteenth century in Catalonia. He was an art critic, historian and painter. His writings include The art and architecture of India (1953), Art in East and West (1954), Ancient art from Afghanistan (1966), and its translation, Zentralasien (1979). He died in 1972. Bioln 9; WhAm, 5 Rowlands, Sir Archibald, born 26 December 1892, he was educated at University College of Wales and Jesus College, Oxford. He was a civil servant and a sometime permanent secretary in charge of the Ministry of Supply, and a financial expert. He served in the first World War, and then became private secretary to a succession of secretaries of state at the War Office. From there he went in 1937 to India as adviser on military finance to the Government of India. During the second World War he was in Britain until 1943 when he went again to India as adviser, and then as finance minister on the Executive Council. He returned home in 1946 and died in 1953. ONB; NYT, 20 August 1953, p. 29, col. 4; Riddick; Who was who, 5

Rowlatt, Mary Emmeline, born 1 February 1908, she was educated in England, but lived in Egypt for a period of forty-two years until the death of her father, Sir Frederick Terry Rowlatt, governor of the National Bank of Egypt, in 1950. She was a writer and book reviewer. Her writings include A family in Egypt (1956), and Founders of modern Egypt (1962). ConAu, 5-8 Rowny, Kazimierz, born first half 20th cent., he held his inaugural lecture at the University of Ife entitled West African contribution to the law of international watercourses (1974). His other writings include Wolnose teglugi tranzytowej na rzekach miedzynerooowycn (Wloclaw, 1986). LC Rowsell, Francis Wallace, born 11 July 1838, he was a director of naval contracts, 1870-1879, and a British commissioner for the domains in Egypt from 1879 to his death. His writings include Recollections of a relieving officer (1886). He died in London, in 1885. Boase; Britlnd (2) Rowson, Everett Keith, born 24 March 1948 at Kansas City, Mo., he studied at Princeton and Yale where he received a Ph.D. in 1982 with a thesis entitled al-IAmiri on the afterlife; a translation with commentary of his al-Amad lala al-abad. He was a professor at Harvard from 1982 to 1990 when he was appointed a professor at the Department of Asian Studies in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Since 1989 he served as a member of the editorial board of the Tabari translation project. His writings include A Muslim philosopher on the soul and its fate (1988), and he was joint author of A computerized listing of biographical data from the Yatimat al-dahr by al-Thallibi (1980). NatFacDr, 1995-2000; Private; Selim2

Roy, Arundhati, born in 1946, he gained a M.Phil. in international relations, he was in 1984 he was a professor at the Department of Political Science, Brahmananda K. C. College, Calcutta. His writings include The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan; causes, consequences and India's response (1987).

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Roy, Asim, born 20 February 1937 at Iswarganj, Bengal, he was in 1983 he was a staff member of the Department of History in the University of Tasmania. His writings include Islam in the environment of medieval Bengal (1970), and The Islamic syncretistic tradition in Bengal (1983). LC Roy, Basanta Koomar, born 19th cent., he went to the United State about 1910 and studied at the University of Wisconsin where he also graduated and later became an extension lecturer. He was a journalist and a free-lance writer and was instrumental in arranging for a lecture tour by Rabindranath Tagore in 1916. His writings include Rabindranath Tagore (1915). He died 5 June 1949. Bioln 2; NYT, 8 June 1949, p. 29, col. 3

Roy, Bernard, born 28 May 1845. His writings include Extrait du Catalogue des manuscrits et des tmptimes de la bibliotheque de la Grande mosquee de Tunis (1900), and he was joint author of Inscriptions arabes de Kairouan (1950-58). He died 24 May 1919. LC Roy, Delwin Adams, born 3 April 1937 at Turlock, Calif., he was a graduate of the University of California at Berkeley and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Purdue University with a thesis entitled The Zanguldak strike; a case study of industrial conflict in Turkey. He was a sometime associate professor of economics and chairman of the Graduate Program in Development Administration at A.U.B., and Ford Foundation Program Advisor in economics and public management for the Middle East. His writings include Export activities of small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Georgia (1980). WhoAm, 1988/891

Roy, Emile, born in 1856, he received a doctorate in 1891 from the Faculte des lettres de Paris with a thesis entitled La vie et les ceuvres de Charles Sorel, sieur de Souvigny. He was a sometime professor at the Faculte des lettres de Dijon. His writings include Le mysiere de la passion en France du XIVe au XVle eiecte (1905). He died in 1929, and in the same year he was posthumously honoured by a commemorative volume entitled A la memoire d'Emile Roy. BN; NUC, 1956 Roy, Nirod Shushan, fl. 1956, he was affiliated with Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan. His writings include The successors of Sher Shah (1934), and he edited The allies' war with Tipu Sultan, 17901793 (1937), and Daulat Rao Sindhia's affair, 1804-1809 (1943). NUC, pre-1956 Roy, Raja Tridev, born 14 May 1933 at Rajbari, Rangamati, he was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn, London, in 1951. In 1972 he was Pakistan Minister for Minority Affairs. His writings include They simply belong (1972), and The windswept wahini (1972). IntWW, 1974/75, 1975/76, 1977/78 Royer, Alphonse, born 10 September 1803 Paris. After spending some years in the East he became a successful librettist, and successively a director of the Paris Odeon, 1853-1856, and Opera, 18561862. In the same year, he was appointed inspecteur de belles arts. His writings include Aventures de voyage, tableau, recite et souvenirs de Levant (1837). He died in Paris, 11 April 1875. BiD&SB; BN; Dantes 1; Vapereau

Royer, Louis Michel, born 6 April 1895 at Metz, Lothringen, he studied at the Universite de Strasbourg and became a professor of mineralogy at the Faculte des sciences d'Alger from 1930 to 1961, and was concurrently a dean of faculty, from 1939 to 1961. From 1961 to his retirement in 1965 he was a professor at the Universite d'Aix-en-Provence-Marseille. His writings include Les terrains cristallophylliens des massifs d'Alger et de la Grande Kabylie (1937). WhoFr, 1959/60-1967/681 Royster, James Edgar, he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from the Hartford Seminary Foundation with a thesis entitled The meaning of Muhammad for Muslims. He was a professor of religion successively at Western College, Oxford, Ohio, and Cleveland State University, a post which he still held in 1995. NatFacDr, 1995; Selim

Rozaliev, IUrii Nikolaevich, born 2 December 1922 at Moscow, he received a doctorate in 1968 at Moscow with a thesis entitled 10cyoapcmeeHHbl{} «enumenusn u peseumue coeoeuennux C/JOpM npeonounu-nemenscmee e Typu,uu. His writings include OlJepKU nonoxenun npouuuinennoeo nponemapuama Tyouuu nocne uuooeot) eoanu (1956), Hoeen u noeetuuen ucmooun cmpen A3UU u AC/JPUKU (1987); he edited 3KOHOMUlJeCKaR ucmopust; np06neMbl u uccneooeenun (1987), 3KoHoMuKa u nonumuse (1990); and he was joint editor of toccoecmeennocme, eocnenumenuse, npueemuseuun . ypOKU ucmopuu u cceoeuennocms (1991). Miliband; Miliband 2 Rozbakiev, Srail Kadrakhunovich, born 4 December 1934, he graduated in 1960 at Peking and received his first degree in 1974 at Moscow with a thesis entitled (/)opMupoeaHue u neseumue coepeuennoti CUHbLl,3RHCKO{} y{}aypcKo{}numepemypu. Since 1980 he was a lecturer. Miliband 2 Roze, Marie-Louise, born about 1900, she was the daughter of the composer Raymond Roze. At the age of twenty she married a Persian in Paris in the 1920s and then set out for Persia with him to settle matters relating to the family estates. Note Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Rozek, Edward J., born about 1920 in Poland. After escaping from a German concentration camp he made his way to England, where he became a reconnaissance officer in the Polish Black Brigade. He fought from Normandie to the Rhein. In February 1948 he arrived in the United States. He worked his way through Harvard, earning his B.A. (magna cum laude) in 1951, and five years later gained his Ph.D. from Harvard with a thesis entitled The Soviet-Polish relations, 1939-1947. In 1956 he was appointed a professor of comparative government at the Department of Political Science in the University of Colorado, Boulder, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Allied wartime diplomacy (1958). NatFacDr, 1995-2000; National review, N.Y., 37 (1985), pp. 36-37 Rozen, Viktor, Baron, 1849-1908 see Rosen, Viktor Romanovich Rozenberg, Fedor (Fridrikh) Aleksandrovich, born in 1867 at Fellin, Estonia, he graduated in Oriental, particularly Iranian, languages at St. Petersburg in 1890. From 1902 to 1934 he was attached to the Asiatic Museum, Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Sciences. He died in Fellin in 1934. GSE, vol. 22, p. 309; Miliband; Miliband2

Rozenfel'd, Anna Zinov'evna, born in 1910, she taught at the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad from 1947 to 1985. She was appointed a lecturer in 1958, received a doctorate in 1965 at Leningrad with a thesis entitled Cucmetae eneeone 6 JOao-60CmOl/bIX eoeopex maO>KUKCKOao fl3blKa, and became a professor in 1968. Her writings include Fneeon (1954), B my HOl/b, Koaoa wen cnee; noeennu coeoeuennux upencsux nucameneCi (1964), BaHO>KCKUe eoeopu maO>KUKCKOao fl3blKa (1964), Tao>KuKcKo-pyccKuCi ouenesmnut: cnceeps (1982); and she translated ttepcuoceue HapooHble CKa3KU (1958). She died on 7 February 1990. Miliband; Miliband2 Rozenfel'd (Rosenfeld), Boris Abramovich, born in 1917 at Petrograd, he studied mechanics and mathematics at Moscow where he graduated in 1939. He was a university teacher from 1942 to 1964; in 1951 he was appointed a professor. His writings include Heeeknuooeu eeouempuu (1955), tncmopu» Hee6Knuo060Ci eeouempuu (1976), its translation, A history of non-Euclidean geometry (1988), Geometry of Lie groups (1997); he was joint author of MameMamuKu U ecmponovu MycynbMaHCKoao cpeonexoes» U ux mpyin», VIII-XVII 66. (1983), and MyxaMMao an-Xope3Mu (1983): and he edited Apa6cKuepyKOpUCU no ecmponouuu U uemenemuee 6 tponoe» HaYl/HOCi 6u6nuomeKU UM. H. t1. fl06al/eCKOaO (1987). Miliband; Mlllband" Rozet, Claude Antoine, born in 1798 in France, he was a graduate of l'Ecole polytechnique. In 1830 he was a captain with the army engineers, attached to the general staff of the Arrnee d'Afrique. He retired in 1856 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. His writings include Voyage dans la reqence d'Alger (1833), Relation de la guerre d'Afrique pendant les ennees 1830 et 1831 (1832), Description geologique de la partie meridionale des Vosges (1834), and he was joint author of Algerie (1850). He died in La Bouchardiere (Indre-et-Loire), 17 September 1858. Dantes 1; Vapereau Rozhanskaia, Mariam Mikhailovna, born 25 July 1928, she studied mechanics and mathematics at Moscow and received her first degree in 1968 with a thesis entitled (/)YHKlJ,uoHanbHbICi 3a6UCUMocmu y an-5upyHu, and her doctorate in 1986 at Dushanbe with a thesis entitled MexaHuKa 6 xopecene U Ma6epaHHaxpe 6 cpeonet) eexe (IX-XV). Her writings include MeKaHuKa ne cpeoHe6eK060M Bocmose (1976), and she was joint author of A6y-p-PaCixaH en-Bupvnu, 973-1048 (1973). Miliband2 Rozhdestvenskaia, Dzhul'etta Sergeevna, born 9 October 1930 at Moscow, she graduated from the Moscow Oriental Institute in 1954, and received her first degree in 1979 with a thesis entitled 3KOHOMU-

»ecxue C6f13U t1paHa C peseumutau «enumenucmu-tecsunu cmpeneuu 6 60-70-e eoou.

Miliband2

Rozwadowski, Jan Michal, born 7 December 1867 at Czarna, Galicia, Austria, he studied comparative and Slavic linguistics at the universities of Krakau, Leipzig, and Greifswald from 1885 to 1889. In 1900 he was appointed a professor at Krakau. He was a member of several learned societies. His writings include Quaestiones grammaticae et etymologicae (1897-99), 0 zjawiskach i rozwoju j~zyka (1921), Worterbuch des Zigeunerdialekts von Zakopane (1936), and Studia nad nazwami w6d slowiafJskich (1948). He was honoured by the jubilee volume, Symbolae grammaticae in honorem loannis Rozwadowski (1927-28). He died at Warszawa, 13 March 1935. GSE, v. 22, p. 315; OBL; PSB, v. 32,406-9 Rtveladze, Edvard Vasil'evich, born 14 May 1942 at Borzhomi, he received a doctorate in 1989 with a thesis entitled ,ape6Hue 5aKmpufi - CpeoHeaeK06blCi Toxepucmen. His writings include naMflmHuKu MUHy6wux 6eK06 (1986), Ilpeenue uonemu CpeoHeCi A3UU (1987), he was joint author of Kemenoe ooeenux MOHem !O>KHOaO Y36eKucmaHa (1981), and he edited Kpeeeeoenue CypxaHoapbu; C60pHUK cmameCi (1989). Miliband2 ; Schoeberlein Rubel, Eduard August, born 18 JUly 1876 at Zurich, he was a trained chemical engineer who also gained a Dr.phil. He was a professor of geographical botany at the Eidgenossische Technische HochWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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schule, ZOrich, and the founder of Geobotanisches Institut RObel in ZOrich. His writings include Das Ni/tal in Agypten und Nubien (1928), and he was joint editor of Ergebnisse der internationalen pflanzen-geographischen Exkursion durch Marokko und Westalgerien (1939) SchBiAr 1; SchZLex; WhoSwi

Ruben, Walter, born 26 December 1899 at Hamburg, he received a doctorate in 1924 from the Universitat Bonn with a thesis entitled Die Lehre von der Wahrnehmung in den Nyayasutras. He was successively a lecturer in Indian philology at the universities of Bonn and Frankfurt from 1927 to 1935 when he emigrated to Turkey to serve for thirteen years as a professor of his subject at Ankara Oil ve TarihCoqrafya FakOltesi. He subsequently spent two years at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile before returning to a professorship at Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, and concurrently holding directorships at the Institut fur Indienkunde and the Institut fur Orientforschung. His writings include Eisenschmiede und Demonen in Indien (1939), and Eski Hind tarihi (1944). He died in Berlin on 7 November 1982. DtBE; KOrschner,1976; Stache-Rosen, pp. 235-236; Widmann, pp. 149,286-287

Rubensohn, Otto, born 24 November 1867 at Kassel, Germany, he studied archaeology, history of art, and philology at Berlin and Strar1burg where he received a Dr.phil. in 1892 with a thesis entitled Die MysterienheiligtOmer in Eleusie und Samothrake. In the service of the Agyptisches Museum, Berlin, he headed an expedition for papyri to Upper Egypt. He became attached to the Museum in Hildesheim where he later served as its director until 1915 when he returned to Berlin as a secondary school teacher. After exile in Switzerland he died in Hochenschwand, 9 August 1964. Egyptology; Wininger Rubiera Mala, Marfa Jesus, born in the 1930s in Spain. In 1972 she obtained a doctorate in Semitic linguistics with a thesis entitled Ibn a/-Yayyab, el otro poeta de la Alhambra. Thereafter she taught at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid until 1975, when she began her long association with the Universidad de Alicante, culminating in head of the Department of Arabic. Her writings include La arquitectura en la literatura erebe (1981), Bibliografia de la literatura bisoeno-erebe (1988), Introducci6n a la literatura htspeno-ersbe (1989), Poesfa femenina hispanoarabe (1990), Literatura hispanoerebe (1992), Tirant contra el islam (1993); and in 1994 she edited Introducci6n a los estudios erebes e lstemicos. The journal Sharq al-Andalus, v. 10-11 (1993-94) was dedicated to her and contains an appreciation of her academic achievements on pages 5 to 63. Rubin, Barry Mitchel, born 28 January 1950 at Washington, D.C., he graduated from Richmond College with the class of 1972 and received a Ph.D. in 1978 from Georgetown University with a thesis entitled American perceptions and great power politics in the Middle East, 1941-1947. He was a foreign policy analyst, professor, and fellow at universities and organizations at home and abroad. His writings include The great powers in the Middle East (1980), Paved with good intentions; Iran and the American experience (1980), The Arab states and the Palestine conflict (1981), Istanbul intrigues (1989), and Islamic fundamentalism in Egyptian politics (1990). ConAu 108, new rev., 32; DrAS, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995: Selim3 ; WhoAm, 1986/87-2000; WhoE,1989/90

Rubin, Trudy Sandra, born 1 November 1943 at Lowell, Mass., she graduated from Smith College with the class of 1965 and received an M.Sc. at L.S.E. in the following year. She became a journalist and a staff writer for the Christian science monitor as well as an Israel and Middle East correspondent. She was the recipient of the Alicia Patterson Foundation Fellowship for 1974-75 of travel and inquiry into the impact of the 1973 Middle Eastern war on Palestinian, Egyptian, and Israeli societies, about which she reported to the New outlook. WhoAm, 1986/87 Rubin, Uri, born in 1944. His writings include The eye of the beholder; the life of Muhammad as viewed by the early Muslims (1995). LC Rubin, Walter, 1899-1982 see Ruben, Walter Rubinacci, Roberto, born 19 july 1915 at Napoli, he completed his legal study in 1936 and subsequently gained a diploma in Arabic at the Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli. He then joined the Ministero dell'Africa Italiana and was assigned to East Africa where he organized the 1939 pilgrimage to Mecca. The events of 1941 separated him for five years from Italy and it was not until 1958 that he began his teaching career in Islamic studies at the Istituto Universitario Orientale, Napoli. From 1967 to 1970 he served as director of the Seminario di Arabistica e Islamistica, and since 1974 he was president of the Scuola di Studi Islamici, and from 1984 to 1990 he was academic director of the Istituto per l'Oriente di Roma. On his seventieth birthday he was honoured by the jubilee volume Studi arabo-islamici (1985-1988). His writings include the translations from the Arabic of Tawfiq alHakim, Quei della caverna (1959), and of Muhammad Taymur, 'Abd as-Sattar Effendi (1960); he was joint editor of Scritti scelti di al-Ghazali (1970). He died on 26 September 1992. Studi magrebini 22 (1990/1994), pp. 1-7

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269 Rubinchik, IUrii Aronovich, born 10 November 1923 at Moscow, he gained his first degree in 1953 at Moscow with a thesis entitled CnO>KHbJe c npUOamOLJHblMU onpeoenumenbHblMu a coeoevennou nepcuocKOM fl3blKe, and his doctorate in 1975 with a thesis entitled opeseonceun nepcuocuoeofl3blKa. In 1992 he was appointed a professor. His writings include BaooHblu KYpC coeoeuennoeo neocuocxoeo fl3blKa (1951), Cnoxnue noeonoxenu» c npUOamOLJHblMU onpeoenumemsnuuu a coepeuenHOM nepCUOCKOM fl3blKe (1959), CoapeMeHHblu tteocuockuti fl3blK (1960), its translation, The modern Persian language (1971), Ilepcuoco-oycckue cnoees (1970), and Ocnoeu tppeseonoeuu nepcuocsoeo fl3blKa (1981). Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Schoeberlein Rubinshtein, Grigorii losifovich, born 15 May 1909 at Bialystok, Poland, he served in the war and then was attached to the Ministry of Foreign Trade from 1945 to 1966 when he became a member of the Africa Institut of the USSR. His writings include AcjJpuKa a MupoaoM X03f1UCmae U Me>KoyuapooHou mopeoene (1982), and he edited 3KOHOMULJeCKUe U nonUmULJeCKUe np06neMbl AcjJpUKU (1969). Miliband 2

Rubinstein, Alvin Zachary, born 23 April 1927 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he was a graduate of the City College of New York, and received a Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled Analysis of Soviet policy in the Economic and Social Council and the Economic Commission for Europe, 1946-51. Since 1957 he taught political science at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. His writings include Red star on the Nile (1977), and Soviet policy toward Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan (1982). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 9-12, new re., 3, 18, 39; Master (2), WhoAm, 1974-1999; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Rubinstein, G. I., 1909- see Rubinshtein, Grigorii losifovich Rubio Calzon, Luciano, born in 1909, he entered the Orden Agustiniana at Ucles (Cuenca) in 1924 and gained a doctorate in Semitic languages at Madrid in 1947. From 1942 to 1952 he was a director at the Real Biblioteca de EI Escorial. EURAMES, 1993; IndiceE3 Rubio Garcia, Leandro, fl. 1952-1960. He was a sometime lecturer in international law, and director, Departemento Internacional, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de Zaragoza. His writings include Espana y Ie O. T.A.N. (1982). LC Ruch, Frank, born in 1912 at Berlin, he studied engineering at the Technische Hochschule Berlin and then practised his profession until 1957 when he started a career as lecturer, first at the Staatliche Ingenieurschule Koln, and since 1963 at Lubeck. For several years he was a in charge of projects in Egypt. Note Rucker, Adolf, born 16 May 1880 at Lichtenwalde, Germany, he studied Catholic theology and philosophy at the Universitat Breslau, was ordained priest in 1906, and gained a first doctorate in 1908 and a second one in 1911 with a thesis entitled Die Lukas-Homilien des hI. Cyrill von Alexandrien. With a travel grant from the Gorres-Gesellschaft for 1913-14 he visited Jerusalem, Syria, Iraq, and the Lebanon. In 1923 he was appointed a professor at Munster. DtBE; DiBilnd (3); KOrschner, 1925-1935 Ruckert, Johann Michael Friedrich, born 16 May 1788 at Schweinfurth, Germany, he studied Oriental languages, mainly Persian, at Wien under Hammer-Purgstall. He became a renown poet and Orientalist, first from 1826 to 1841 at Erlangen, and later until 1848 at Berlin. Biographies were published by Helmut Prang, and Annemarie Schimmel, in 1963 and 1987 respectively. He died in Neuses (today Coburg), 31 March 1866. AmEnc; BbD; BiD&SB; CasWL; DtBE; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; FOck; GdeEnc; Master (6); OxGer; RNL; Stache-Rosen, pp. 11-12

Ruckert, Karl Theodor, born 2 February 1840 at Beckheim, Germany, he came from a family of modest means and studied Catholic theology and philosophy at the Universitat Freiburg, and was ordained in 1863. After doctorates in 1865 and 1887 he was since 1890 a professor of New Testament studies at Freiburg. His writings include Reise durch Palastina und ilber den Libanon (1881), and Nach Nord-Afrika; nach seinem Tagebuch geschildert (1884). He died in Freiburg im Breisgau, 9 November 1907. BioJahr 12 (1907), pp. 107-109; DtBE; Sezgin Ruckert, Rainer, he received a Dr.phil. in 1956 at Frankfurt with a thesis entitled Zur Form der byzantinischen Reliquiare. His writings include Majolika (1960), Der Hofnarr Joseph Frohlich (1998), and he was editor of the series, Die G/assammlungdes Bayerischen Nationalmuseums Milnchen. Rudel, Alwin, fl. 1880. His writings include Kurze praktische Anleitung zur Untersuchung und Werthbestimmung der in den Gewerben gebrauchlichen chemischen Materialien und Farben (Halle, 1851), and he was editor of Adressen-Jahrbuch der Papier- und Papierstoff-Fabriken des eurooeiscnen Kontinents (1872-1882). GV; Sezgin

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270 Rudelsberger-Moltan, Ernst, born 19th cent., his writings include Reisebilder aus Tunis, Algier und Marokko (1902), Arabisch; mit genauer Angabe der Aussprache (1904), and Persisch (1904). GV Rudenko, Margarita Borisovna, born 9 October 1928 at Tbilissi, she gained her first degree in 1954 at Moscow with a thesis entitled n03Ma KYPocKoao nosme XVII B. AXMeoa XaHu «MaM u 3UH», and a doctorate in 1973 at Moscow for her thesis, fOcyep u 3enuxa. Her writings include Onucenue KYPOCKUX pyeonucet: nenuepeocxux c06paHuu (1961), and KypocKafi 06pflooBafi n033Ufl (1982). She died in Leningrad, 27 July 1977. Miliband; Miliband 2 it

Rudenschold (Rudenskold), Ulrik, born 29 June 1704 at Stockholm, he studied at Abo and Uppsala. He was a Swedish state official, diplomat, and poet who died 6 April 1765. ScBlnd (4); Sezgin; SMK

Rudin, Harry Rudolph, born 6 May 1898 at Rutland, Vt., he received a Ph.D. in 1931 at Yale with a thesis entitled Germans in the Cameroons, 1884-1914. He was a sometime professor of history at Yale whose writings include Armistice, 1918 (1944). Unesco Rudloff, Diether, born in 1926, he was a writer on fine art. His writings include Unvollendete Schopfung; Kunstler im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert (1982), Freiheit und Liebe; Grundlagen einer Asthetik der Zukunft (1986), and Die Parabel der sieben Kunste (1987). LC; Sezgin Rudnyckyj (PYP'Hbll..\bKbl~), Jaroslav Bohdan, born 28 November 1910 at Przernyslany, Ukraine, he studied at Lvov where he gained a doctorate in 1937. After teaching successively at Prag, Heidelberg, and MOnchen from 1940 to 1948, he joined in 1949 the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, where he became the founding chairman of the Department of Slavic Studies. BiDrLUS, 1970; Canadian, 1970, 1979; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 F; WhoLibS, 1966

Rudolph, Kurt, born 3 April 1929 at Dresden, Germany, he studied theology at Greifswald and Leipzig where he received a Dr.phil. in 1957. Since 1963 he was a professor of religious knowledge at Leipzig. The University of St. Andrews conferred on him an honorary doctorate of divinity. His writings include Wellhausen a/s Arabist (1983), and Geschichte und Probleme der Religionswissenschaft (1992). ConAu 158; EURAMES, 1993; KUrschner, 1996, 2001; Sezgin

Rudolph, Wolfgang Emil Heinrich, born 16 March 1921 at Berlin, he began his career in 1958 at the Freie Universltat Berlin with his doctoral dissertation entitled Das Problem der kulturellen Werte in den Arbeiten der neueren amerikanischen Ethnologie. From 1971 to 1983 he was a professor of ethnology at his alma mater, specializing in the Middle East, particularly Kurdistan, where he spent a whole year. He left a large collection of slides from his three excursions. For many years he was an editor of the periodical Sociologus. His writings include Der kulturelle Relativismus (1968), and Ethnologie (1973). He died in Berlin, 11 May 1999. KUrschner, 1979-1996 Rudolph-Touba, Jacquiline, born first half 20th cent., she received a Ph.D. in sociology in 1966 from Purdue University. Her writings include Highlights of sex-age characteristics in Iran, 1956-1966 (Tehran, 1970), Problems of children and youth in the Iranian family (Tehran, 1971), Marriage and the family (Tehran, 1972), and she was joint author of Study of social agencies for children and youth in Iran, 1347/1970 (1971). MESA Roster of members, 1990 Rudow, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, born 17 May 1858 at Neuhaldersleben, Prussia, where his father served as a Protestant minister until his death in 1879. He took French, Hebrew and French at high school and studied theology and philology at the Universltat Halle from 1880 to 1882, when deafness obliged him to withdraw. At Easter1883 he entered missionary work at Rauhe Haus, Hamburg, and at Michaelmas of the same year he became the editor of a periodical. He received a Dr.phil. in 1886 at Halle for Vers/ehre und Sti/ der rumenischen Volkslieder. After returning to his mother's home in Salzwedel, he acquired Swedish, Arabic and Old Norse, read a great deal, translated according to his private inclination, and worked as a free-lance journalist. His writings include Geschichte des rumenischen Schrifttums bis zur Gegenwart (1892). He died in 1897. NUC, pre-1956; Thesis Ruedy, John Douglas, born 28 April 1927 at Alameda, Calif., he received a Ph.D. in 1965 from U.C.L.A. with a thesis entitled The origins of the rural public domain in French Algeria, 1830-1851. He was a professor of history at Georgetown University, specializing in the history of North Africa. Concurrently he served from 1975 to 1988 as chairman of the University's Program of Arab Studies. He also chaired the Advanced Area Studies Seminar on Northern Africa at the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. Department of State. His writings include Land policy in colonial Algeria (1967), Modern Algeria; the origins and development of a nation (1992), and he edited Is/amism and secularism in North Africa (1994). ConAu,145; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 H; Selim Ruelle, Charles Emile, born 24 October 1833 at Paris, he was an authority on Greek music. From 1895 to 1905 he was chief librarian of the Bibliotheque de Sainte-Genevieve in Paris. His writings Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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include Le phi/osophe Damascius (1861), and he edited and translated Problemes musicaux d'Aristote (1891). He died in Paris on 15 October 1912. Baker 78; IndexBFr2 (2)

Ruello, Francis, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1963 at Paris with a thesis entitled Le notion de verite chez Saint Albert Ie Grand et Saint Thomas d'Aquin de 1243 a 1254. His writings include La christologie de Thomas d'Aquin (1987), and he edited Tractatus de mystica theologia (1973). Ruete, Emily (Emilie), born Salma bint Sa'id ibn Sultan, princess of Oman and Zanzibar, on 30 August 1844 at Zanzibar, she eloped from Zanzibar with the Hamburg merchant, Rudolph Heinrich Ruete (1839-1870) on a British warship. The couple was married on 30 March 1867 at the British Chapel, Aden. On the day of her marriage she was also baptised Emily. After her husband's death she moved first to Dresden and later to Rudolstadt, Thuringia, where she became a pawn in international politics. In 1889 she went to live first in Jaffa and later in Beirut, returning to Germany just before the outbreak of the war. Her writings include Leben im Sultanspalast; Memoiren aus dem 19. Jahrhundert; slightly edited reprint of "Mernoiren einer arabischen Prinzessin" (1886), edited by Annegret Nippa (1989), and the translations, Memoires d'une princesse arabe (1905), and An Arabian princess between two worlds; memoirs, letters home, sequels to the memoirs, Syrian customs and usages, edited by E. van Donzel (1993). She died in Jena, Thuringia, 29 February 1924. DcAfHiB; Note Ruete, Rudolph, 1869- see Said-Ruete, Rudolph Ruete, Said, 1869- see Said-Ruete, Rudolph Ruf, Werner Klaus, born in 1937, he studied social sciences at Freiburg im Breisgau, Paris, SaarbrOcken, and Paris and received a Dr.phil. in 1967 at Freiburg with a thesis entitled AuBenpolitik und Entkolonialisierung im politischen Handeln Habib Burgibas. He was head of the Near East and North Africa Department at Arnold Bergstrasser Institut, before he served successively as a professor at the Universitat Essen, 1974-1982, and the Gesamthochschule Kassel, since 1982. His writings include Bi/der in der internationalen Politik (1973), the booklet, Tunesien; Gewerkschaften, Potential far eine demokratische Entwicklung (1978), Der Burgibismus und die AuBenpolitik des unabhangigen Tunesien (1969) Vom kaften Krieg zur heif3en Ordnung (1991), and Die algerische Tragodie (1997). Kurschner, 1983-2001

Ruff, Paul, born 11 June 1862 at Alger, he taught history at various iycees in France as well as Algeria. He was a partisan of public education and a sometime secretary of the Societe de geographie et d'archeoloqie d'Oran. His writings include Petite histoire nationale, a I'usage des eccles primaires d'Algerie et de Tunisie (1898), and La domination espagnole a Oran, 1534-1588 (1900). He died ca. 1900. Bulletin de la Societe de geographie d'Alger6 (1901), p. 615 Ruffet, Louis, born 19th cent., he was a professor of theology. His writings include J.-G. de La Fleonere, esquisse biographique (1962), and Lutheret la diete de Worms (1903). BN Ruffin, Pierre Jean Marie, born 17 August 1742 at Salonika (Selanik), where his father was a French first dragoman. Sent to be educated at Marseille, he benefitted from government support and studied at the College Louis-Ie-Grand, Paris, as well as l'Ecole des Jeunes langues, where he was a student of D. Cardonne and E. Legrand. In 1758, he was attached to the French Embassy in Constantinople, and, from 1767 to 1769, he accompanied Baron F. de Tott on a diplomatic mission to the Khan of the Crimea. Upon Tott's return to France in 1770, he became French consul in the Crimea, soon to be arrested by the Russians and expelled. He again served at Constantinople as secretary and dragoman at the Embassy until 1774, when he was recalled to France to become translator of official correspondence with the Orient at the Ministers des Affaires etranqeres, In 1784, he became professor of Turkish and Persian at the College Royale. In 1795, he returned to Constantinople as first secreteire intetprete, to become charge d'affaires in 1798. After Napoleon's landing in Alexandria in July 1898, he was imprisoned by the Turks and not released until August of 1801. He weathered the vicissitudes of ensuing political events and died at his post in Constantinople, 19 January 1824. He wrote Journal de I'ambassade de Suleiman Aga, 1777 (1917). Henri Deherain wrote a biography, La vie de Pierre Ruffin, orientaliste et diplomate, 1742-1824 (1929). Fuck, p. 149; Hoefer; Index BFr (2) Rugarli, Vittorio, Conte, born 7 December 1860 at Fornovo-Taro, Italy, he was a graduate of the R. Istituto di Studi Superiori, Firenze, and later studied Oriental languages at Bologna, particularly Persian under Italo Pizzi. He successively became a teacher at secondary schools at Bologna and Parma. He was a member of the Societa Asiatica Italiana. His writings include Canti popolari raccolti in Fornovo di Taro (1893). He died 23 April 1900. IndBI (1) Ruge, Sophus, born 26 March 1831 at Hannover, Germany, he studied theology, history, geography, and classical philology at Gottingen and Halle. He was for many years a secondary school teacher,

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before he was appointed in 1874 a professor of geography and ethnology at Leipzig. His writings include Entdeckungsgeschichte der Neue Welt (1892), and its translation, Storia della epoca delle scoperte (1903). He died in Klotzsche near Dresden, 23 December 1903. BioJahr 8 (1903), pp. 34-39; DtBE; DtBiind (3)

Ruge, Walther, born 3 March 1865 at Dresden, Germany, he studied at TObingen and Leipzig where he received a Dr.phil. in 1888 with a thesis entitled Quaestiones Strabonianae. His writings include Alteres kartographisches Material in deutschen Bibliotheken, 5 vol. (1904-16). Thesis Rugh, William Arthur, born 10 May 1936 at N.Y.C., he was a graduate of Oberlin College, and received a Ph.D. in 1967 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The politics of broadcasting in West Germany after World War two. He joined the public service and served as a diplomat. He spent five years in Saudi Arabia with the United States Information Agency. In 1987 he was a diplomat in residence at Tufts University. His writings include Riyadh; a history and a guide (1969), and The Arab press (1979). Biography and genealogy master index (1); Who's who in America, 1986/87, 1988/89; Who's who in the world, 1987/88, 1989/90

Ruhl, Alfred, born 21 July 1882 at Konigsberg, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1905 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur Kenntnis der morphologischen Wirksamkeit der Meeresstromungen .. He was for many years a professor of geography in the Universitat Berlin, where he was attached to the Institut fur Meereskunde. His writings include Vom Wirtschaftsgeist im Orient (1925). He died in Switzerland, 13 August 1935. Dickinson, pp. 148-151; DtBiind (1); KOrschner, 1925-1935 Ruhl, Arthur Brown, born 1 October 1876 at Rockwell, Illinois, he had long and varied experience as dramatic critic and editor as well as a newspaper correspondent in the United States and Europe. His writings include White nights, and other Russian impressions (1917). He died in N.Y.C., 7 June 1935 DAB S 1; Master (4); WhA,m 5

Ruhl, Lothar, born in 1927 at Koln, Germany, he gained a doctorate and became a lecturer at the department of political science in the Unlversitat Koln. His writings include Vietnam, Brandherd eines Weltkonflikts? (1966), Israels letzter Krieg (1974), Aufstieg und Niedergang des Russischen Reiches (1992), and Deutschland als europeiscne Macht (1996). KOrschner, 1996-2003

Ruhlmann, Armand, born 30 July 1896 at MOhlhausen (Mulhouse), Alsace, he was in private industry until 1931 when he entered the Service des antlquites du Maroc. He received a doctorate in 1938 from the Universite de Strasbourg with a thesis entitled Les grottes pn3historiques d'EI-Khenzira. His writings include Le paleolithique marocain (1945), and La grotte de Dar es-Soltan (1951). He died in 1948 from a landslide during excavations at EI-A'ioun, Morocco. Hesperis 36 (1949), pp. 7-9; Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 419-421; Index Islamicus (1); Master (1)

Ruhlmann, Gerhard, born 13 February 1930 at Halle, he studied history and Oriental archaeology at the Universltat, where he received doctorates with theses entitled Die Entwicklung der wissenschaftlichen Illustration im archaologischen Schrifttum, and Untersuchungen zur agyptischen Nischensymbolik in 1959 and 1968 respectively. Since 1951 he served as a professor at the Oriental and archaeological department in his alma mater. His writings include Kleine Geschichte der Pyramiden (1962), and Die orientalische Archaologie an der Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg (1970). KOrschner, 1992; Schwarz; Thesis

Ruhrdanz, Karin, born 23 May 1949 at Greifswald, Germany, she received a Dr.phil. in 1974 from the Universitat Halle-Wittenberg with a thesis entitled Humanismus und Tradition in der modernen arabischen Malerei. Since 1990 she was a freelance researcher; she was a Visiting professor at the Unlversltat Bamberg, 1991/92. Her writings include Bagdad, Hauptstadt der Kalifen (1979), Mittelalterliche Malerei im Orient (1982), and Orientalische iIIustrierte Handschriften aus Museen und Bibliotheken der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (1984). KOrschner,1996-20011; Private; Schoeberlein

Ruiz, Aureliano, fl. 1878-1898, he was a poet and a contributor to Revista del Liceo de Granda, La Alhambra, Los NifJos, and La Ilustraci6n Espanola y Americana. His writings include Una escena del Quijote; cuardo epis6dico original yen verso (Granada, 1876). Ossorio Ruiz, Carmen, 1918- see Ruiz Bravo-Villasante, Carmen Ruiz, Manuel, fl. 1974. In 1971, he received an M.A. from McGill University, Montreal, with a thesis entitled The concept of authority in pre-Islamic Arabia. Ferahian Ruiz Asencio, Jose Manuel, fl. 1980, he was a sometime professor of palaeography and diplomatics at the Universdid de Valladolid. He was joint author of Tratado de paleografia espanola (1983), and Especulo (1985). LC

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Ruiz-Bravo Villasante, Carmen, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in philosophy and letters, specializing in Arabic and Islam. Certainly from 1992 to 1994 she was a professor at the Universidad Aut6noma de Madrid. Her writings include La controversia ideologica nacionalismo arabe/nacionalismos locales (1976), she translated from the Arabic, Libro de las utilidades de los animales (1980), and she was joint author of Europa islamica; la magia de una civilisaci6n milenaria (1991). Arabismo, 1992, 19941; EURAMES, 1993; WhoSpain, 1987-1994

Ruiz de Cuevas, Teodoro, born 14 April 1904, he was a trained lawyer and diplomat who spent most of his career in the Muslim world, mainly in North Africa. His writings include Apuntes para la historia politica de Africa (1971-1974), and Apuntes para la historia de Tetuen, 2nd ed. (1973). OSEC; WhoSpain, 1963

Ruiz Figueroa, Manuel, fl. 1972, he was affiliated with the Centro de Estudios de Asia y Africa del Norte, Colegio de Mexico. His writings include Ellslam responde (1974), and Mercaderes, dioses y beduinos; el sistema de autoridad en Arabia preistemlce (1976). LC Ruiz Gomez, Servando, born in 1821 at Aviles, Spain, he was a politician whose writings include Discursos pronunciados en las C6rtes Constituyentes de 1869 en apayo de su voto particular sobre desestanco del tabaco (Madrid, 1869). He died 19 August 1888. IndiceE3 (7) Ruiz Martin, Felipe, born 23 August 1915 at Valladolid, he was a sometime professor of economics at the Faculty of Political and Economic Science, Bilbao, and in 1990 a president of the Asociaci6n de Historia Econ6mica. His writings include Lettres marchands echenqees entre Florence et Medina del Campo (1965). WhoSpain, 1963 Ruiz Orsatti, Reginaldo, born in 1872 at Tanger, he was employed as an official interpreter from 1896 to 1920 when he removed in an official capacity to Madrid. His writings include Guia de la conversaci6n espenote-erebe marroqui (1901), La ensenanza en Marruecos (1918), Relaciones hispano marroquies (1944), and he edited Los documentos erebes atptometicos del Archivo de la corona de Arag6n (1940). He died in Madrid on 13 September 1945. AI-Andalus 10 (1945), p. 466 Ruiz de la Torre, Juan, born first half 20th cent. His writings include EI matorral en Yebala, Marruecos eepeno!(Madrid, 1955). NUC, pre-1956 Rukavishnikov, Vladimir Olegovich, fl. 1978. His writings include Hecenenue eooooe (1980), and Onpocbl neceneuun; MemoouliecKuu onum (1984). LC Ruland, Hans Jochen, born about 1940, he received a Dr.phil. in 1976 from the Universltat SaarbrOcken with a thesis entitled Die arabischen Fassungen von zwei Schriften des Alexander von Aphrodisias: Uber die Vorsehung und Dber das liberum arbitrium. His writings include Zwei arabische Fassungen der Abhandlung des Alexander von Aphrodisias Oberdie universalia (1979). LC Rulleau, Claudine see Rulleau-Balta, Claudine Rulleau-Balta, Claudine, 20th cent., she was a journalist whose writings include Trois enigmes; Albanais, Gitans, Basques (1966), La monnaie; du metal au papier (1967), and she was joined author, with Paul Balta, of La politique arabe de la France de de Gaule Pompidou (1973), L'lran insurge (1979), L'Algerie des Algeriens, vingt ans apres (1981), and Le grand Maghreb (1990). LC

a

Rumeu de Armas, Antonio, born 18 January 1912 at Santa Cruz de Tenerife, he studied philosophy, liberal arts, and law at Madrid and gained a doctorate in history and a diploma in law. He was appointed in 1942 a professor of history at Madrid. His writings include Historia de la censura literaria gubernative en Espana (1940), Historia de la previsi6n social en Espana (1944), Piraterias yataques navales contra las islas Canarias (1947-50), and Cadiz, metr6poli del comercio con Africa en los siglos XV Y XVI (1976). OSEC; Sainz; Unesco; WhoSpain, 1963, 1987, 1988 Rumi, Carl Barrornaus von, 1780-1847 see Rumy, Georg Karl Borrornaus von Rummel, Friedrich (Fritz), Freiherr, born 10 November 1910 at MOnchen where he received a Dr.phil. in 1935 with a thesis entitled Das Ministerium Lutz und seine Gegner, 1871-1882. He was in 1947 a leturer at the Universitat MOnchen. His writings include Die TOrkei auf dem Weg nach Europa (MOnchen, 1952), Franz Ferdinand von Rummel, Lehrer Kaiser Josephs 1. (1980), and he was joint author of Die neue TOrkei (Berlin, 1941). OtSilnd (2); GV

Rumsey, Almaric, born 31 December 1825 at Chelsea, London, he was educated at Rugby and called to the bar in 1857 from Lincoln's Inn. He was a professor of Indian jurisprudence at King's College, London, from 1879 to his death on 8 April 1899. His writings include A Chart of family inheritance,

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274 according to orthodox Moohummudan law, with an explanatory treatise (1866), and he edited AI Sirajiyyah; or, The Mahommedan law of inheritance (1869). Boase; Britlnd (2); Who was who, 1

Rumy (Rumi), Georg Carl Borromaus, baptized Karoly Gyorgy, 18 November 1780 at Zipser Neudorf (Spisska Nova Ves, Siovacia), he studied at Gottingen, and Wittemberg where he received a doctorate in 1809. He was appointed in 1828 a professor of Hungarian law and statistics at the Theological Seminary, Gran (Esztergom), Hungary. His writings include Geographisch-statistisches Worterbuch des Osterreichischen Kaiserstaates (Wien, 1809). GeistigeUng; OBL; RNL; UjLex Runciman, James Cochran Steven, Sir, born 7 July 1903 at Northumberland, he was a historian of the crusades, a lecturer at Cambridge, 1932-38, and the first holder of the chair of Byzantine art and history at istanbul Oniversitesi, 1942-45. His writings include History of the crusades (1951-54), its translation, Geschichte der KreuzzOge (1957-60), The fall of Constantinople, 1453 (1965), and its translation, Die Eroberung von Konstantinopel (1977). He died on 1 November 2000. Bioln 15; BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 1-4, new rev., 3; Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 3 November 2000, p. 46, cols. 1-2; IntWW, 1974-2001; Master (5); MideE, 1982/83; Who, 1974-2000; WhoWor, 1974-1989/90; WrDr, 1980/82-2000

Rundgren, Frithiof, born 25 December 1921 at Stockholm, he received a doctorate in 1955 at Uppsala Universitet where he later taught Hebrew. He was a professor from 1964 to 1988. His writings include Das ettnebretscbe Verbum (1961), and Ober den griechischen Einfluf3 auf die arabische Nationa/grammatik (1976). On his sixty-fifth birthday he was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled On the dignity of man; oriental and classical studies in honour of Frithiof Rundgren (1986). Vem sraet, 1967-1999 Rungis, Mane, born first half 20th cent., she was affiliated with the Centre d'etudes socialistes, Paris. Her writings include Comment fonctionnent les entreprises, et pour quoi? (1961), Initiation aux probteme« economiques (1961), and La nation devant ses choix economiaues (1964). NUC, 1956-1977 Rungs, Ch., fl. 1951, he was a sometime inspector-in-chief of crop protection, and a technical adviser attached to the Conseil d'administration at the national anti-locust bureau. His writings include the booklet, Le Maroc et les invasions d'acridiens (1951), and he was joint author of Esquisse phytogeographique du Sahara occidental (Alger, 1945). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Ruoff, Erich, born 31 May 1906 at Stuttgart, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1933 at the Universitat TObingen with a thesis entitled Arabische Retset. Sezgin Rupen, Robert Arthur, born 1 March 1922 at Chicago, he was a graduate of Williams College, and received a Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Washington, Seattle, with a thesis entitled Outer Mongolian nationalism, 1900-1919. He taught at Bryn Mawr (Pa.), and Harvard before he was appointed in 1958 a professor of political science at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His writings in-elude Mongols of the twentieth century (1964), and How Mongolia is really ruled (1979). LC;

WhoAm, 1982/83, 1984/85

Rupp-Gerdts, Elisabeth, born 23 November 1888 at Ravensburg, Germany, she studied at Leipzig, Berlin, and StraBburg where she received a Dr.jur. in 1913 with a thesis entitled Das Recht auf den Tod. Her writings include In Zweige; Erlebnis einer Jugend (1921), and Magische Vorstellungen und Breucne der Araukaner im Spiegel spanischer Quellen seit der conquista (1937). KDtLK, 1937/38; Sezgin Ruppel, Julius, born 12 April 1879 at Chemnitz, Germany, he was educated at the FOrstenschule St. Afra, Meif1en, and studied law at Berlin and Leipzig where he received a Dr.jur. in 1904 with a thesis entitled Die Obertragung dinglicher Rechte an beweglichen Sachen bei Besitz eines Dritten nach BGB. He entered in 1908 the German colonial service, where he was responsible for the German Cameroons. His writings include Die Landesgesetzgebung fOrdas Schutzgebiet Kamerun (1912), and Der Young-Plan (1931). DtBE Ruppell, Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon, born 20 November 1794 at Frankfurt am Main, he trained as a banker in Germany, Switzerland, England and Italy until 1818, when he became a member of the Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft and pursued studies in astronomy, mathematics and natural sciences. The society financed his 1822-1828 travels in the East. In 1829 he was elected member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina. From 1831 to 1834 he again went on a mission. His writings include At/as zur Reise im nordliche Afrika (1826-1828), and Reisen in Nubien, Kordofan und dem petreiscnen Arabien; vorzOglich in geographisch-statistischer Hinsicht (1829). He died in Frankfurt on 10 December 1884. ADtB 29, pp. 707-714; DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Embacher, Egyptology; FOck

Ruppert, Helmut, born about 1940, he received a doctorate in 1968 at the Universitat Erlangen with a thesis entitled Beirut, eine westlich gepragte Stadt des Orients. He was joint author of Der SOdsudan in Sklavenketten (1969). Schwarz Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Ruppin, Arthur, born 1 March 1876 at Rawitsch near Posen, Prussia, he studied economics and law at Berlin and Halle, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1902 with a thesis entitled Die Wertlehre Thanen's und die Grenznutzentheorie. For his Darwinismus und Sozialwissenschaft he was awarded the HaeckelPreis of 1903. He headed the BOro fur jOdische Statistik und Demographie, Berlin, from 1903 to 1907. In 1908 he went to Palestine, where he was involved in the establishment of the first Jewish cooperatives as well as the foundation of Tel Aviv as the first Jewish city in the Middle East. His writings include Die Juden in Rurnanien (1908), Syrien a/s Wirtschaftsgebiet (1917), its translation, Syria, an economic survey (1918), Jildische Zukunftsarbeit in Palastina (1918), Der Kampf der Juden um ihre Zukunft (1931), Three decades of Palestine (1936). Since 1926 he was successively a lecturer and professor of contemporary sociology at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, where he died, 1 January 1943. Bioln 5, 9; DtBE; EncJud; JlidLex; Klirschner, 1925-1935; Wer ist's, 1909-1935; Wininger Ruprecht, Paul Rudolf, born 10 February 1901 at Laupen, Switzerland, he studied law and political economy at the Universitat Bern. After practice work he joined the family business and became its director. SchBiAr, 3; Sezgin Rusch, Walter, born 10 July 1936 at Malkwitz, Germany, he studied at Leipzig where he received a doctorate in 1982. From 1984 to 1989 he was a director of an Institut fur Ethnographie. He was joint author of Die Oase Siwa; unter Berbern und Beduinen der Lybischen Wilste (1978), and Siwa und die Aulad Ali (1988), a work which was partly accepted as his doctoral thesis in 1982. Klirschner, 19921 Rushbrook Williams, L. F., 1890-1978 see Williams, Laurence Frederick Rushbrook Rushdi, Husayn, born 20 October 1905 at Cairo, he was educated at King's College, London, and Cambridge University. He entered the Egyptian diplomatic service. WhoArab,1986/87 Rushdie, Ahmed Salman, born in 1947 at Bombay, he emigrated to the U.K. in 1965 and graduated in 1968 from Cambridge University. He beame a writer and won the 1981 Booker Prize, the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, the English-Speaking Union Literary Award, and the Prix du Meilleur Livre Etranger. He was a member of the Production Board of the British Film Industry, and the Advisory Board of the Institute of Contemporary Arts, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. For his Satanic verses (1988), he was condemned to death by a fatwB issued by the Iranian Shi'ite leader, Ayatollah Khumayni. Malise Ruthven wrote A Satanic affair; Salman Rushdie and the rage of Islam (1990). Bioln 13,15; ChambrBrBi; ConAu 111, new rev. 33,108; DLB, vol. 194, pp. 249-261; IntAu&W, 1986-1999/2000; IntWW, 1990/91-2001; Master (5); Who, 1985-2000; WhoWor, 1984-1995; WrDr, 1984-2000

Rusillon, Henry, born in 1872, he was a missionary affiliated with the Societe des missions evanqeIiques. His writings include Au pays Tsimihety (1923), Une eniqme missionnaire; les iiestinees de I'Eglise cnretienne dans I'Afrique du nord (1931), and Un petit continent, Madagascar (1933). He died in 1938. NUC, pre-1956 Ruska, Julius Ferdinand, born 9 February 1867 at BOhl, Germany, he studied philosophy, mathematics, natural sciences, ethnology, and Oriental languages at StraBburg, Heidelberg, and Berlin. In 1889 he began a career as a secondary school teacher. Although he received a doctorate with a critical edition of a Syriac text, his school authority barred any attempt at part-time lecturing at the Unlversitat Berlin. Unable to make a living other than high school teaching, he had to give up this idea and yield to reality. He was far in his fifties when he first embarked upon the history of alchemy, and past sixty when Carl H. Becker founded the Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften, Berlin, and appointed him its first director. His writings include Griechische Planetendarstellungen in arabischen Steinbilchern (1919), Arabische Alchemisten (1924), and he edited and translated Das Buch der Alaune und Salze (1935). He died in Schramberg, Black Forest, 6 February 1949. Bioln 2 (2); DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Flick, p. 323; KOrschner, 1925-1940/41; Osiris 5 (1938), PP. 5-40; Werist's, 1912-1935

Russ, Carl, born 14 January 1833, he was an ornithologist whose writings include Durch Feld und Wald; Bi/der aus dem Naturleben (1968). He died 30 September 1899. DtBilnd (1); NUC, pre-1956; Sezgin Russack, Hans Hermann, born 18 December 1887 at WeiBenborn, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1910 from the Universitat Leipzig with a thesis entitled Der Begriff des Rhythmus bei den deutschen Kunsthistorikern des XIX. Jahrhunderts. His writings include Byzanz und Stambul; Sagen und Legenden vom Goldenen Horn (1941), and Deutsche bauen in Athen (1942), and APXITEKTOVE~ TE~ VEOKAaaIKE~ (1991). GV Ritter von Russegger, Joseph, born 18 November 1802 at Salzburg, he studied geology and mining engineering at the Berg- und Forstakademie, Schemnitz. He was subsequently employed at Austrian mines. Upon the request of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, he headed in 1835 an Austrian mining expedition for prospecting. The expedition left for Upper Egypt in 1836, making Khartoum their base. He explored southern Kordofan and the region from the Blue Nile to western Abyssinia. His writings Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

276 include Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, 1835 bis 1841 (1841-49). He died in Schemnitz (Banska Stiavnica), Slovakia, 20 June 1863. ADtB, vol. 30, pp. 14-15; Embacher; CBl; Sezgin; Wurzbach; Zach, pp. 33-39 Russell, Evelyn Dorothea Temple, M.B.E., 1943, she was the daughter of Francis Moore, and was married in 1911 to Sir Thomas Wentworth Russell Pasha. Her writings include Medieval Cairo and the monasteries of the Wadi Natrun; a historical guide (London, 1962). Who was who, 5 (Sir Thomas W. Russell) Russell, Sir Edward John, born in 1872 at Frampton-on-Severn, he studied at Aberystwyth and Manchester. He was a keen environmentalist who won the Gold Medal of the Royal Agricultural Society. His writings include Agriculture; to-day & to-moroow (1945), and Land called me; an autobiography (1956). He died in 1965. Bioln 1,6,7; ChambrBrBi; DcScB-S 1; DNB; Master (3); Who was who, 6 Russell, John William, born 19th cent. in Canada, he was editorially connected with the New international encyclopedia, before he became an associate editor of Asia, New York, in late 1917. Though

he had never visited the the East, his learning of oriental matters, gathered from extensive reading, was by no means meagre. He died suddenly on Sunday, 3 February 1918, in the Parish House of St. George's Church, New York City. Asia 18 (March 1918), p. 233 Russell, Josiah Cox, born 3 September 1900 at Richmond, Ind., he received a Ph.D. in 1926 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Master Henry of Avranches. He had a career as a medievalist at Radcliffe College, Harvard, and the University of North Carolina. His writings include Dictionary of writers of thirteenth century England (1936), and British medieval population (1948). ConAu,41-44; DrAS, 1969,1974,1978,1982 H; Master (1); WhoAm, 1974-1994; WhE&EA; WhoWor, 1984-1989/90

Russell, Patrick, born 6 February 1727, he gained a medical doctorate at Edinburgh and subsequently practised at Aleppo from 1750 to 1771 when he returned to London. Ten years later he went to Vizagapatam (Vishakhapatnam), India, and became a botanist in the Carnatic to the East India Company from 1785 to 1789. Since 1777 he was a member of the Royal Society of London. His writings include A treatise of the plague (1791), and its translation, Abhandlung ober die Pest (179293). He died 2 July 1805. Buckland; DNB; Riddick Russell, Ralph, born in 1918, he studied classics at St. John's College, Cambridge. During the war he spent three years in the Indian Army and SUbsequently studied Urdu, with Sanskrit, at SOAS. He was successively a lecturer and reader in Urdu in the University of London from 1949 to 1981. Emeritus reader in Urdu since 1981, he also was chairman, National Working Party for Urdu Teaching Materials, 1980-1985, and since 1985, a member, and sometime chairman, National Council for Urdu Teaching. His writings include Three Mughal poets (1968), and The pursuit of Urdu literature; a selct history (1992). In 1989 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Urdu and Muslim South Asia. lC Russell (Pasha), Sir Thomas Wentworth, born in 1879, he was educated at Cheam, Haileybury, and Trinity College, Cambridge. For fourty-four years he served successive Egyptian governments in the police; and when he retired in June 1946 the tradition of strengthening that famous force by British officers came to an end. He died in London in 1954. DNB; Goldschmidt; GrBr; Master (2); ObitT, 1951-60, pp. 620-21; Who, 1929-1953; Who was who, 5

Russell, Sir William Howard, born in 1820 in Ireland, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, which he left in 1841 without taking a degree. In 1843 he became attached to The Times regularly as a reporter. His writings include The war; from the landing at Gallipoli to the death of Lord Raglan (1855), A diary of the East during the tour of the Prince and Princess of Wales (1869), and The Crimea, 18541855 (1881). He died in 1907. Alan Hankinson wrote Man of wars; William Howard Russell of The Times (1982). BbD; BiD&SB; Bioln 13; CelCen; DcBiPP; DNB S 1; Master (16); Who was who, 1 Russo, Enrico. He wrote La residenza di Mahaddei-Uein (Roma, 1919).

Firenze

Russo, L., fl. 1922. She was the wife of Philibert Russo with whom she published Recherches geologiques sur Ie nord-est du Rif (1929). BN Russo, Philibert Augustin Francois, born in 1885, he obtained a doctorate from the Universite de Lyon. In 1933 he was a geographer and physician with the rank of medectn-mejor in the 9th Bataillon colonial, stationed in Casbah Tadla, Morocco. His writings include Recherches microscopiques et ultra-microscopiques sur quelques zymases (Lyon, 1912), Hydrologie des environs de Fes (1921), Recherches geologiques sur Ie Territoire des hautes plateaux, Maroc oriental (1926), and with his wife, Recherches geologiques sur Ie nord-est du Rif (1929). BN Russo-Perez, Guido, born 22 June 1885 at Palermo, he gained a doctorate in law, and subesequently became a politician, who also pursued an interest in ceramics. His writings include Come iI governo (non) ha difeso Ie nostre colonie (1949), and Catalogo ragionato della raccolta Russo-Perez di Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

277 maioliche siciliane di proprieta Regione siciliana (Palermo, 1954).

Chi

e,

1948, 1957, 1961;

IndBI (3);

Wholtaly, 1963

Rustam Bek Tageev, Boris Leonidovich Tageev, 1871- see Tageev, Boris Leonidovich Rustamov, Ergash Rustamovich, fl. 1957. His writings include Y36eKcKafi n033Ufl e nepeoi1 nonoeune Heeou u ,[J)I(aMU (1965). NUC, 1968-1972

xv eexe (1963), and he edited E. E. Bertel's'

Rustamova, Azada Gafar gyzy, born 18 July 1932 at Baku, she was affiliated with the Nizami Institute of the Azerbaijan Academy of Science, Baku, from 1961 to 1978. Her writings include Nizami Ganjavi (Baku, 1980), Falaki Shirvani (Baku, 1986), and she was joint editor of Shah Ismail Khatai; magalalar toplusu (Baku, 1988). AzarbSE, vol. 8, p. 237 Rustem Bey de Bilinski, Ahmed, 1862-1934 see Bilinski, Ahmed Rustem Bey de Rustow (Rustow), Dankwart Alexander, born 21 December 1921 at Berlin, he studied at istanbul Oniversitesi from 1942 to 1945 and graduated with the class of 1947 from Queens College, N.Y. Four years later he gained a Ph.D. at Yale University. He was a professor of political science, specializing in Middle Eastern studies, and teaching at universities in the U.S. and abroad. He served on the governing board of the Middle East Institute and was a vice-president of MESA. His writings include Middle Eastern political systems (1971), and Oil and turmoil (1982). He died in N.Y.C., 3 August 1996. BioHbDtE; ConAu 1-4,153, new rev. 1; Master (1); NYT, 5 August 1996, p. A-14, cols. 5-6

Ruthenberg, Hans Hartwig, born 19 March 1928 at the Free City of Danzig, he received a doctorate in agriculture in 1954 from the Universitat Gottingen with a thesis entitled Ober Produktionskostenrechnungen in der Landwirtschaft. From 1967 to his death in Stuttgart on 19 July 1980, he was a professor of agronomy at the Universitat Hohenheim. His writings include Agricultural development in Tanganyika (1964), Farming systems in the tropics (1971), and Ein Rahmen zur Planung und Beurteilung landwirtschaftlicher Entwicklungsprojekte(1973). KOrschner,1967-1980; Sezgin; Werist wer, 1979 Ruthven, Malise, born 14 May 1942, he was an Irish journalist whose writings include Cairo (1980), its translation, Le Caire (1980), Islam in the world (1984), its translation, "Seid Wachterder Erde!" Die Gedankenwelt des Islam (1985), and A satanic affair; Salman Rushdie and the rage of Islam (1990). LC RLitimeyer, Karl Ludwig, born 26 February 1825 at Biglen, Switzerland, he studied theology and medicine at Bern where he received a medical doctorate in 1850. He subsequently pursued zoological studies at Paris. He became a professor successively at Bern and Basel. He was one of the first scholars to consider Darwin's ideas. He died in Basel, 25 November 1895. DtBE; DcScB; Sezgin von Rutkowski, Ernst R., born early 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1953 at Wien with a thesis entitled Gustaf Graf Kalnoky von Korosoeie«; Osterreich-Ungarns Aul3enpolitik von 1881-1885. GV

Rutson, Albert Osliff, born 2 December 1836 at Newby Wiske, Yorkshire, he was educated at Oxford, and in 1864 called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. He was a private secretary to Henry Austin Bruce (afterwards Lord Aberdare, 1815-1895) when he was home secretary, 1869-73. From 1888 to his death on 21 April 1890 he was a member of the London School Board. Boase; Britlnd Rutter, Eldon, fl. 1929-1933. His writings include The holy cities of Arabia (London, 1928), a work which went through several editions. NUC, pre-1956 Ruxton, Upton Fitz Herbert, born in 1873, he was affiliated with the Universities' Missions to Central Africa, London. His writings include Maliki law; being a summary from French translations of the Mukhtasarof stat Khalil (London, 1916). NUC, pre-1956 Ruze, Robert, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1903 from the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled Modifications apportees a la legislation des accidents du travail par la loi du 22 mars 1902. In 1920, he was a lawyer in the Court of Appeal, Orleans. BN; Note about the author

Ruzicka, Karel (Charles) Frantisek, fl. 1953, he was joint author of Literatura cerne Afriky (1972), and Black African literature and language (Prague, 1976). Ruzicka, Rudolf, born 6 November 1878, he studied at Prag, Stra~burg, and Berlin, and gained two doctorates. He became a professor of Semitic studies at the Universita Karlova, Praha. His writings include Konsonantische Dissimilation in den semitischen Sprachen (1909). His unpublished private papers contain his completed researches on the history of the Slavs, translated from Arab geographers, as well as an advanced Czech version of the Hamasah of Abu Tammam. He died 23 August 1957. Archivorientalni 22 (1954), pp. 23-28, 26 (1958), pp. 177-178; MalaGEnc; PSN R. Varkonyi, Agnes, 1928- see Varkonyi, Agnes R. Ryan, Sir Andrew, K.B.E., born 5 November 1876, he was educated at Queen's College, Cork, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and the Royal University of Ireland where he graduated in 1896. In Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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the following year he entered the Levant Consular Service and arrived two years later in Constantinople to take up the post of junior dragoman at the British Consulate. He remained there for over twenty years, by the end of which time he had risen to the post of chief dragoman with the rank of counsillor at the British Embassy. "Equipped with a simple snapshot camera he captured on film scenes from Constantinople everyday life which have a lasting value as historical records. Many of them are now in the Photographic Archive at the Middle East Centre, St. Antony's College, Oxford. He was a member of the British delegation at the Lausanne Peace Conference, 1922-1923. From 1924 until 1939, he was in the consular service at Rabat, Jeddah, and Tirana. He died in 1949. His autobiography entitled The last of the dragomans was published in 1951. Gillian Grant, Images of Istanbul II

(1988), p. 13; Who was who, 4

Ryan, Arthur Clayton, born 28 December 1879 on a farm at Grandview, Iowa, he graduated in 1911 from Oberlin Theological Seminary, and in the same he was ordained to the Congregational ministry and sailed to Turkey under the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions as a missionary. Since 1912 he was assigned to relief work in Constantinople. From 1916 to 1919 he collected funds in the U.S. for the Near East Relief. In 1924 he was appointed permanent secretary of the American Bible Society. He died from pneumonia after only two days of sickness on 22 June 1927. DAB; Shavit

Ryan, M. Lawrence, fl. 1944, he was a bishop, American Mission, Beirut. Ryan, Patrick J., S.J., born 11 August 1939, he received a Ph.D. in 1975 at Harvard with a thesis entitled Imale; Yoruba participation in the Muslim tradition. In 1995 he was a faculty member of the Department of Theology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill. His writings include The Coming of our God; scriptual reflections (1999). LC; NatFacDr,1995; Selim3 Ryans, John Kelly, born 12 August 1932 at Cynthiana, Ky., he was a graduate of the University of Kentucky, and received a doctorate in business administration in 1965 from Indiana University at Bloomington with a thesis entitled An analysis of appliance retailer perceptions of retail strategy and decision processes. Since 1968 he was a professor of marketing and international business at Kent State University. His writings include Guide to marketing for economic development (1986), and he was joint author of Multinational marketing (1975). American men and women of science, 1973 S, 1978 S; Contemporary authors, 61-64

Rybakov, Boris Aleksandrovich, born in 1908, he was a Moscow educated archaeologist and historian. His writings include Peuecno opesHeiJ Pycu (1948), and 06pa30saHue opesHepyccKoao eocybepcmee (1955). International who's who, 1973/74-1989/90; Who's who in the socialist countries, 1978; Who's who in the world, 1973/74

Rybakov, Sergei Gavrilovich, born in 1867 at Samara, Russia, he was an ethnographer whose writings include LJepKosHb/iJ 3S0H S Poccuu (1896), and MY3b/Ka u pecnu yoeneoxux MycynbMaH (1897). He died 28 December 1921. BashkKE; EnSlovar; TatarES Rybka, Eugeniusz Stanislaw, born 6 May 1898 at Radzymin, Poland, he studied at Krakow where he received a doctorate in 1926. He was an astronomer successively at Krakow, Lwow, and Wroclaw until his retirement in 1968. His writings include Catalogue of magnitudes of HR stars in the uniform and V systems (1977). Polski; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77 Rycaut, Sir Paul, born in 1628 at Aylesford, Kent, he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He spent ten years travelling abroad, before he became in 1661 a secretary in an embassy to the Ottoman Empire. From 1667 to 1678 he was a consul of the Levant Company at Smyrna. His writings include The present state of the Ottoman Empire (1668), History of the Turkish Empire from 1623 to 1677 (1680), and the translations, Conepxu« Type~Kafi (1941), Histoire de t'etet present de I'Empire ottoman (1670), Verhaal van de tegenwoordige staat van het Turksche kaizerryk (1670), Istoria dello stato presente dell'lmperio Ottomano (1672), and Die Neu-erottnete Ottomannische Pforte (1694). He died in 1700. Britlnd (9); DcBiPP; DNB; EvLB Rychkov, Petr Ivanovich, born in 1712 at Vologda, Russia, he was a writer on geography, economics, and history, and he was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. His writings include Tonoepeipi« opeH6ypacKafi (1762), its translation, Orenburgische Topographie (1772), Onum Ka3aHcKoiJ ucmopiu opeenu» u cpeonux speMflH (1767), and its translation, Versuch einer Historie von Kasan alter und mitt/erer Zeiten (1772). He died in Ekaterinburg in 1777. Fedor N. Mil'kov wrote a biography entitled n. 11. Pb/liKOS; >KU3Hb u aeoapaepuliecKHe mpyob/ (Moscow, 1953). EnSlovar; Geog 9 (1985), pp. 109-112; Great Soviet encyclopedia; Wieczynski

Rychkova, N. P., fl. 1969, she was joint author of 3aKonoosaHHb/iJ eopoo; noeennu etpeencsux nucameniJ (1972), and she edited KypocKue CKa3KU neaeHob/ u npeoenu« (1989). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Ryckmans, Constantine Louis de Gonzague, born 10 December 1887 at Antwerpen, Belgium, he received in 1908 a doctorate in philosophy from the Universite de Louvain, and in 1919 a doctorate in Oriental languages. He was ordained in 1911. He was successively a professor at the Seminaire de Malines and his alma mater from 1920 to his retirement in 1958. His writings include Les noms propres sua-semittques (1934-35), and Grammaire accadienne (1938). He died in Korbeek-Lo, on 3 September 1969. IntWW,1973/74; NBN, vol. 1, pp. 293-298

Ryckmans, Jacques, born 22 October 1924 at Louvain, he received a doctorate in 1951 at Louvain, and subsequently was a professor of pre-Islamic South Arabian languages, history, and religion at his alma mater until his retirement. His writings include La chronologie des rois de Saba et du Raydan (1964), and he was joint author of Textes du Yemen antique (1994). LC Rycroft, Sir William Henry, major-general, K.C.B., 1861-1925. After Eton and Sandhurst he joined the Light Infantry, and later served in Egypt, the North-West Frontier of India, and Somaliland. His writings include the booklet, Lecture on the desert frontiers of Lower Egypt. (1906). BLC; Who was who, 2

Ryder, Charles Henry DUdley, born 28 June 1868 at St. Servan (Morbihan). From Cheltenham College he was gazetted in 1886 to the Royal Engineers and in 1891 was appointed to the Survey of India as an assistant superintendent, and in 1916 a superintendent. In 1918-1919 he was deputy director of surveys in the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force. He died in Aldwick Bay, Bognor Regis, in 1945. DNB; Riddick; Who was who, 4

Rygdylov, Erdemto Rinchinovich, born in 1906 in Russian Central Asia, he gained his first degree in 1946 with a thesis entitled Moneonscxue Hau,UOHaflbHble UCmOlJHUKU on» ucmopuu MOHBOflOB emoooti XII B. He was affiliated with the Minusinsk Museum, 1946-1949, and the Irkutsk State University, 1949-1954. He died 24 April 1957. Miliband

nonoeunu

Rylaarsdam, John Coert, born 24 November 1906 at Lismore, Minn., he graduated from Hope College with the class of 1931, received a B.D. in 1938 from New Brunswick Theological Seminary, and a Ph.D. in 1944 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled Hebrew wisdom, with special reference to the concept of the spirit. From 1931 to 1935 he was an instructor at the American School for Boys in Basrah, and from 1945 he taught Old Testament theology successively at New Brunswick Theological Seminary, Chicago, and Marquette University. His writings include Revelation in Jewish wisdom literature (1935). DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 P; WhoAm, 1974/75-1980/81 Ryll, Gerhard, born 21 December 1884 at Freystadt, Prussia, he studied at Gottingen, Berlin, and Marburg where he received a Dr.phil. in 1909 with a thesis entitled Die bobmiscne Politik bei der Konigswahl Adolfs von Nassau. His trace is lost after a publication in 1918. NUC, pre-1956

RyUo (Rylo), Maksymilian, born in 1802 at 2:mujdzie, Poland, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1822 at Rzymiec and served as a missionary in 1836 in Syria, and in 1848 in Nubia. Since 1845 he was rector of the Seminarjum Propagandy at Rzymiec. He died in Khartoum, 17 June 1848. Dziekan; Polski

(6); PSB

Rymkiewicz, Stanislawa see Ptaskowlcka-Rymkiewicz,

Stanis~awa

Rynd, Francis Fleetwood, D.S.O., born 19 August 1877 at Brasted, Kent, he had his first commission as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in 1898; he was acting It.-colonel in 1916 and 1917; and was appointed camp commandant, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force on 8 May 1918. His writings include The territorial army scheme (1908). His trace is lost after a publication in 1939. Britlnd (1)

Rypka, Jan, born 28 May 1886 at Kremsier, Moravia, he was educated at the Czech gymnasium of his home town and studied Arabic, Turkish and Persian at Wien where he gained a doctorate with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur Biographie, Charakteristik und Interpretation des turkiscnen Dichters Sabit. He was for forty years a professor at Praha. His writings include Baqi als Ghazeldichter (1926), Dejiny perske a teozick« literatury (1956), and its translations, Iranische Literaturgeschichte (1959), History of Iranian literature (1968), and Mcmopuu nepcuockot) u maO)f(UKcKot1 numepemypu (1970). He died on 29 September 1968. Archiv otientelnt 37 (1969), pp. 309-317; Cesky; Churan; IES; der Islam 46 (1970), pp. 303-306; Kuhn; PSN; WhE&EA

Ryskulov, Turar Ryskulovich, born in 1894 of nomadic stock in Central Asia, he participated in the revolution in Turkestan and Kirghizia in 1916 and 1917, and later became a politician. His writings include Kesexcmen (1927), and Kupeuscmen (1929). He died in 1938 (or 1937). GSE, vol. 22, p. 526;

KazakSE, vol. 9, pp. 593-594; KyrgyzSE, vol. 5, pp. 210-211; TurkmenSE, vol. 7; p. 401

Ryssel, Carl Victor, born in 1849, he studied Protestant theology and Oriental languages at Leipzig where he received a Dr.phil. in 1872 with a thesis entitled Die Synonyma des Wahren und des Guten in den semitischen Sprachen. He was a professor of Old Testament studies at Leipzig from 1885 to Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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1889 when he accepted the same chair at Zurich, where he died in 1905. His writings include Gegorius Thaumaturgus, sein Leben und seine Schriften (1880), and Untersuchungen abet die Textgestalt und die Echtheit des Buches Micha (1887). DtBE; DtBilnd (4) Rywkin, Michael, born 23 November 1925 at Wilno, Poland, he was educated at the Uzbek State University, Uniwersytet L6dzki, and Ecole des hautes etudes, Paris. He received a Ph.D. in 1960 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The Soviet nationalities policy and the Communist Party structure in Uzbekistan. He was a professor, and a sometime chairman of department, City College, C.U.N.Y. His writings include Russia in Central Asia (1963), Moscow's Muslim challenge (1982), and its Persian translation in 1987. ConAu,13-16; DrAS, 1969, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; Schoeberlein Rzaev, N. I., born 20th cent., his writings include Xyoo>KeCmeeHHafl KepaMuKa KaeKa3CKOU An6aHuu (1964), Asrlarin sasi (1974), and MCKyccmeo KaeKa3cKou An6aHuu (1976). LC Rzeppa, Siegfried, fl. 1938, he was associated with the Ausland-Hochschule in the Universitat Berlin. Rzewuski, Eugeniusz, fl. 1974, his writings include Azania zamani; mity, legendy i tradycje lud6w Afryki wschodniej (Warszawa, 1978). LC Rzewuski, Wacfaw (Wenceslaw) Sewryn, born in Poland in 1765, according to older sources, or in 1784, according to PSB, or, according to Dziekan, in 1785. He early in life entered the Austrian army. A man of considerable private means, he financed Hammer-Purgstall's Fundgruben des Orients (1809-1818). He spent the years from 1817 to 1821 in the Arab Middle East, particularly in Syria, with Antun 'Aridah Khuri, a Maronite clergyman, who had taught for sixteen years at the Orientalische Akademie. He was murdered by his buttler in 1831 or 1832. Dziekan; Folia orientalia 11 (1969), pp. 245-47; Krachkovskii, pp. 82-83; PSB; Wurzbach

de Sa, Reginald Alves, born 24 September 1918 at Rio de Janeiro. At an early age he entered a theological seminary, where he had his first encounter with the Dominican Order, which he later entered. After his novitiate at Toulouse, France, he made his religious profession in 1941 and was ordained priest in 1945. His study at the Couvent de Saint Maximin qualified him for a lecturership in theology but, afflicted by tuberculosis, he was unable to proceed with his doctoral thesis. He returned to Brazil after the war and was assigned to a convent at Sao Paulo, but his frail health necessitated frequent changes of climate, at first in Brazil, and subsequently in the Middle East. It was during his stay at the Institut Dominicain des Etudes orientales in Cairo that he was able to pursue his research interests from 1960 to 1982. He died in Rio de Janeiro on 19 March 1994. MIDEO 22 (1995), pp. 431-433 Saab, Evelyn Ann nee Pottinger, born 18 December 1934 at Boston, she graduated in 1955 from Wellesley College and received a Ph.D. in 1962 from Radcliffe College with a thesis entitled Napoleon III and the German crisis, 1865-66. She was a professor of history, and a sometime head of department, at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, from 1965 to her retirement. Her writings include The origins of the Crimean alliance (1977), and Reluctant icon; Gladstone, Bulgaria, and the working classes, 1856-1878 (1991). ConAu 107; DrAS, 1969-1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995 Saab, Hassan, born 16 November 1922 at Beirut, he received a Ph. D. in 1956 from Georgetown University with a thesis entitled The Arab federalists of the Ottoman Empire. Since 1944 he was a member of the Lebanese foreign service. Selim; WhoLeb, 1970/71-1980/81; WhoWor, 1974/75-1982/83 Saad, Lamec see Lamec-Saad, J. Saada, Lucienne, fl. 1969, she was a sometime lecturer at the C.N.R.S., Paris. Her writings include Elements de description du parler arabe de Tozeur, Tunisie (1981). LC Saadallah (Said Allah), Belkacem (Abu al-Qasim). He received a Ph. D. in 1965 from the University of Minnesota with a thesis entitled The rise of Algerian nationalism, 1900-1930. His writings include its translation, al-Harakah al-watanryah al-Jaza'irah, 1900-1930 (1969), and La Montee du nationalisme en Algerie (1983) as well as numerous Arabic monographs. LC; Salim Saade, Gabriel, born early 20th cent., his writings include Ras-Shamra (Beyrouth, 1954), Histoire de Lattaquie (Damas, 1964), Ramitha, proolemes des origines (Damas, 1964), Saint Elian de Homs (Beyrouth, 1974), and Ougarit, meiropote ceneneenne (1979). LC Saade, Ignacio, fl. 1966, his writings include EI pensamiento religioso de Ibn Jaldun (1973). LC Saade, Riad Fouad, born in 1942, he was an agricultural engineer who gained a doctorate in geography in 1967 at the Sorbonne for Commercialisation des fruits du Liban a /'exportation. He was a sometime lecturer in agricultural economics. He wrote Les Realites de /'agriculture libanaise (1982).

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Saaddin, Fawzi, born in 1942, he studied economics at Gottingen and Bochum where he received a doctorate in 1977 with a thesis entitled Die arabische Wirtschaftsintegration. Schwarz Saakian (Sahakyan), Ruben Gareginovich, born 14 October 1929 at Tbilissi, he gained his first degree in 1960 at Erevan with a thesis entitled Cceemcso-mypewue omnoiuenun 8 1925-1935 aa His writings include Anmuneyunoe oceetuenue ucmopuu coeemcso-mypeuxux omnouienuii 8 coepeuenHOU mypeuxot: ucmooucepeibuu (1964), reHO~Ua apMflH 8 OCMaHcKou uuttepuu (1966), and 06 ycxopenuu unepuuu, 803HuKalOU(eM 8 omnocumensnou d8U)l(eHUU nod 803deucm8ueM 8HeWHbiX cun (Erevan, 1969). Miliband; Miliband2 Saarisalo, Akseli Aapeli, born 22 June 1896 at Ryrnattyla, Finland, he was a theologian and Orientalist whose writings include Songs of the Druzes (1932), A Waqf document from Sinai (1933), New Kirkuk documents relating to slaves (1934), and Rymattylan raatalin poika (1975). ScBlnd (1) EI Saaty (al-Sa'ati), Hassan Abdulaziz, born 30 September 1916 at Cairo, he received a Ph.D. in 1946 from LSE with a thesis entitled Juvenile delinquency in Egypt. He was successively a lecturer and professor at the University of Alexandria and Ain Shams University. His writings include '11m al-ijtima' al-Khalduni (1972), '11m al-ijtima' al-sana'i (1976), and he was joint author of Industrialization in Alexandria (1959). Sluglett; Unesco; WhoArab,1997/98 Saavedra y Moragas, Eduardo, born in 1829 at Tarragona, he was a collaborator of F. Codera y Zaidin, with whom he edited Ta'rikh fath al-Andalus of Ibn al-Qutiyah (1868). He was elected a member of the Real Academia Espanola in 1878. His own writings include La geografia de Espana del Edrisi (1881), Estudio sobre la invasion de los erebes en Espana (1892), Espana en el Africa occidental (1910), EI Nilo (1912), and Descripcion de la via roman a antre Uxama y August6briga (1963). J. Marias Martinez wrote Eduardo Saavedra, ingenieros y humanista (1983). He died in Madrid in 1912. IndiceE (3); Manzanares, pp. 183-187 Sabadini, Dominique, born 19th cent., he gained a doctorate and became affiliated with the Societe de geographie. His writings include Quelques considerations sur les maladies, principalement les ttevres petudeenne« et I'hygiene du colon (Alger, 1900). BN Sabagh, Georges, born 10 December 1919 at Baghdad, he graduated from the University of California at Berkeley in the class of 1941 and received aPh.D. in 1951 with a thesis entitled An analysis of some of the problems involved in the projection of future births. He was a professor of sociology at U.C.L.A. since 1964. In 1990 he was a director of the Center for Near Eastern Studies, U.C.L.A. In 1989 he edited the conference proceedings, The modern economic and social history of the Middle East in its world context. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; MESA Roster of members, 1977-1990 Sabanegh, Edouard Sami, called Frere Martin, born 2 July 1916 at Damascus, he received an M.A. in Arabic in 1972 at Cairo, and he later became director of the Centre d'etudes arabes, an institution affiliated with the Freres des Ecoles chretiennes at Cairo. His writings include Muhammad B. Abdallah, "te Prophete"; portraits contemporains, Egypte, 1930-1950 (Paris, 1981). He died at the Communaute centrale de la Maison generalice des Freres des Ecoles chretienne in Roma on 1 July 1985. IWWAS, 1975/76; MIDEO 18 (1988), pp. 407-409

Sabanovic, Hazim, born 16 January 1916, he was educated at the Gazi Husrevbeg Medrese, Sarajevo, and received a doctorate in 1956 at Beograd. After a brief spell at Beograd, he became affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Sarajevo. From 1958 to his death he was editor of Prilozi za orijentalni filologiju. His writings include Bosanski pasaluk (1959), TypCKU U380PU 3a ucmopujy 5eoapady (1964); he edited TYPCKU U380pU 0 cpncxo} pe80ny~uju 1804 (1956), and Krajiste Isa-Bega tsnekovieee (1964); and he translated from the Turkish of Evliya Celebi, Putopis (1973-79). He died in istanbul, 22 March 1971. Hl; Index Islamicus (3); SOdost-Forschungen 30 (1971), pp. 300-304 Sabar, Yona, born 25 February 1939 at Zakho in Iraq, he was a native speaker of Jewish neo-Aramaic who graduated from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Yale University. He was a sometime professor of Hebrew at U.C.L.A. His writings include Sefer Ba-midbar be-'Aramit heaese (1993), and he edited Folk literature of the Kurdistani Jews; an anthology (1982), and Midrashim be-'Aramit Yehude Kurdistan (1984) as well as many texts in that language. ConAu 112, new rev., 30; Master (1); NatFacDr,1995; Private

Sabat, Nathaniel, born 18th cent., he translated the New Testament into Arabic. His trace is lost after a publication in 1825. BlC Sabatier, Daniel, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1976 from the Universite de Paris II with a thesis entitled La Nation ttenceise en Egypte; essor et declin d'une echelle, 1673-1793. THESAM 3

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Sabatier, Fernand, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1903 from the Faculte de droit de l'Universite d'Aix-Marseille with a thesis entitled Le probteme de la mein-ceuvre a Madagascar depuis

la suppression d'esclavage. BN

Sabatier, Jean Camille Pierre Germain Demaze, born in 1851, he was a sometime depute of Oran. His writings include La question du Sud-est (Alger, 1881), Touat, Sahara et Soudan (Paris, 1891), and Le Transsaharien (Toulouse, 1922). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Sabatier, Louis Auguste, born 22 November 1839 at Vallon (Ardeche), he studied theology at the universites of Montauban, TObingen, and Heidelberg, and received a doctorate in 1870 from the Universite de Strasbourg. He was a sometime vicar at Basel, and pastor at Aubenas (Ardeche), He was a professor of reformed dogmatics at the Faculte de theoloqie protestante de Strasbourg from 1868 to 1872 when the French faculty was closed by the Germans. He became one of the founders of l'Ecole Iibre des sciences religieuses, Paris, and from 1877 to 1901 he served as a professor at the Faculte strasbougienne in its Paris exile, where he died on 12 April 1901. His writings include Les religions d'autorite et la religion de I'esprit (1899), and its translation, Religions of authority and the religion of the spirit (1903). IndBFr 2 (2); Vapereau Sabatini, Arturo, born 4 June 1889 at Ciro (Catanzaro), he studied medicine and anthropology, and became a sometime professor of anthropology at the Istituto universitario orientale di Napoli. His writings include Lezione di antropologia (1948). em». 1948, 1957, 1961; Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958 Sabatino, Marcello Arturo, born 16 July 1924 at N.Y.C., he was a graduate of the University of Miami and received a Ph.D. in Italian and Spanish from Middleburg College in 1957. In 1966 he was appointed director, Biscayne School for Foreign Languages. DrAS, 1974 F Sabbagh, Mikha'il ibn Niqula, born of Christian parents about 1784 at Acre, Palestine, he was a member of the French Expedition in Egypt and shared their fate when they had to evacuate the country. He died in Paris in June of 1816. His writings include Grammatik der Umgangssprache in Syrien und Aegypten (1886), Diccionario arabigo-espanol (1932), and Histoire du Scheikh Daher elOmar ez-Zeidani, gouverneur d'Acre (1933). FOck, p. 143; GAL II, p. 479; NUC, pre-1956 Sabbe, Etienne, born in 1901 at Ostende, Belgium, he received a doctorate in 1925, and his agregation in 1943 from the Universite de Gand with a thesis entitled Histoire de /'industrie liniere en Flandre. He was employed at the Archives Generales du Royaume from 1927 to 1942, when he was appointed a keeper at the Archives de l'Etat at Anvers. From 1955 to his retirement in 1968 he was archiviste general du Royaume. His writings include De Belgische vlasnijverheid (1943), Histoire de /'industrie tiniere de Belgique (1945), and Anvers, metropote de I'Occident, 1492-1566 (1951). He died at Courtrai on 15 January 1969. Revue beIge d'archeologie 36 (1967), p. 190 Sabelli, Luca dei, fl. 1929-1966 see Dei Sabelli, Luca de Sabir, Constantin, fl. 1860-61, he was affiliated with the Societe de geographie de Paris. His writings include Le fleuve Amour; histoire, geographie, ethnographie (Paris, 1861), and Aper9u de recentes explorations des Russes dans I'Asie centrale (1862). BN Sablier, Edouard Edmond, born 29 February 1920 at Baghdad, he was educated at Paris where he obtained diplomas in law and Oriental languages. He was a reporter and editorial writer for Ie Monde for eighteen years and subsequently became a commentator and director at the French televison network, B.B.C., and Radio-Canada. His writings include Iran (1962), De I'Oural al'Atlantique; Ie bond russe en Afrique (1963), Iran, la poudtiere (1980), and La Creation du monde (1984). Who's who in France, 1971-2003/2004

Sablukov, Gordii Semenovich, born in 1804 near Ufa, Russia, he was a graduate of Orenburg Theological Seminary, and Moscow Theological Academy; he taught successively at Saratov Theological Seminary, and Kazan Theological Academy from 1830 to 1862. His writings include a Russian translation of the Koran in 1894. He died in Kazan in 1880. R. M. Valeev wrote a biography /113 ucmopuu «esencsoeo eocmoxoeeoenu» cepeouHbl - emopoll nonoeunu XIX e.; Fopuu Ceuenoeu« Ca6nyKoe, mtopsonoe u ucneuoeet: (1993). BiobibSOT, pp. 250-51; Great Soviet encyclopedia, YOI. 22, p. 537; Krachkovskil, pp. 177-79

Sabra (Sabrah), Abdelhamid Ibrahim, born 8 June 1924 in Egypt, he graduated from Alexandria University and gained a Ph.D. in 1955 at the University of London. He was a sometime professor of the history of science at the Science Centre, Harvard University. His writings include Theories of light from Descartes to Newton (1967). MESA Roster of members, 1977-1990; National faculty directory, 1995; Who's who in America, 1980-1990

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Sabri-Tabrizi, Gholam-Reza, born 21 March 1934 at Tabriz, he was a graduate of Tehran University and gained a doctorate in English literature in 1969 at Edinburgh. He started his affiliation with the University of Edinburgh in 1963 and later became senior lecturer, and director of Iranian Studies, with research interests in Turkish and Azeri literatures, a post which he still held in 1993. His writings include The "heaven" and "hell" of William Blake (1973), and his autobiography to 1979 entitled Iran; a child's story, a man's experience (1990). ConAu, 61-64; DirectoryofBRISMES members, 1993; IWWAS, 1976/77 Sabry, Mohamed, born 9 July 1894, he received a doctorate in 1924 at Paris with a thesis entitled La genese de I'esprit national egyptien. Three years later he was a professor at Cairo. His writings include La question d'Egypte depuis Bonaparte (1920), and L'empire egyptien sous Mohamed-Ali (1930). He died 18 January 1978. LC; NUC, pre-1956 Sabzwari, Mohammed Ahmed, born in 1913, his writings include A study of zakat and ushr, with special reference to Pakistan (1979), and Islamic economy (1986). LC Sacchetti, Renzo, born 19 December 1872 at Montechiaro d'Asti, he gained a doctorate in law, and became a journalist, critic, and editor. His writings include Aneddoti ferravilliani (1929), Cuori nello spazio (1932), and Una fanciula (1938). He died in 1955. cm« 1936, 1940, 1948; IndBI (3); Rovito; Vaccaro Sacco, Rodolfo, born 21 November 1923 at Fossano (Cuneo), he studied law at Torino and became a professor of law successively at the universities of Trieste, Pavia, and Torino. His writings include Introduzione al diritto privato somalo (1973), and Introduzione al diritto comparativo (1980). Wholtaly, 1994,1995,1988, 1990, 19921

Sacerdote, Gustavo, born 19 July 1867 at Moncallo Monteferrato, he was a social democrat and an anti-militarist. His writings include a catalogue of Hebrew manuscripts in the Biblioteca Casanatese as well as Diccionario tascabile, italiano-tedesco e tedesco-italiano (1910), La vita di Giuseppe Garibaldi (1933), and Cesare Borgio (1950). He died in 1948. Chi e, 1948; IndBI (1) Sacharow, A. M., fl. 20th cent. see Sakharov, Anatolii Mikhailovich Sachau, Carl (Karl) Eduard, born 20 July 1845 at NeumCmster, Germany, he studied Oriental languages at Kiel, Leipzig, and Halle where he received a Dr.phil. in 1847 with a thesis entitled De Aljavaliqi eiusque opere quod inscribitur al-Mu'arrab. He was a professor of Semitic philology at Wien from 1869 to 1876, when he went to a similar post at Berlin. He there founded in 1887 the Seminar fur Orientalische Sprachen for the training of foreign service candidates, an institution which he headed until 1920. He was a member of the Prussian, British, and Russian academy of sciences. He had a first-hand knowledge of Turkey and Mesopotamian from his travels in 1879, and is remembered as the English translator of al-Biruni's Chronology and India. His other writings include Reise in Syrien und Mesopotamien (1883). He died in Wien on 17 September 1930. Buckland; DtBE; DtBiind (4); FUck, p. 234; KUrschner, 1925-1928/29; Wer lsi's; 1909-1928

Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhusain, born 12 May 1942 in India, he received a Ph.D. in 1976 from the University of Toronto with a thesis entitled The doctrine of mahdism in Imami Shi'ism. After field work in Mashad, 1978-79, he became a professor of religious studies at the University of Virginia, Charlotteville, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include Islamic messianism; the idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shi'ism (19819, The just ruler in Shi'ite Islam (1988), he was joint author of Human rights and the conflict of cultures (1988), and he translated from the Persian of Ali Shari'ati, The visage of Muhammad (1979). MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr,1995-2000; Private; Selim3 Sachs, Abraham Joseph, born 11 December 1914 at Baltimore, Md., he received a Ph.D. in 1939 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He was a research assistant in the Assyrian dictionary project of the Oriental Institute in the University of Chicago, from 1939 to 1941, when he was appointed a professor of history of mathematics at Brown. University, Providence, R.1. He was joint editor of Mathematical cuneiform texts (1945). DrAS, 1969 F Sachs, Curt, born 29 June 1881 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. at Berlin. He was a musicologist and an authority on musical instruments and became keeper of musical instruments at the Musikinstrumente Museum, Berlin, and concurrently a professor at the Universitat until compelled to leave in 1933. He spent a few years in Paris before settling in N.Y.C. His writings include Die Musikinstrumente Indiens und Indonesiens (1915), The rise of music in the ancient world (1943), and Our musical heritage (1948). He died in N.Y.C., 5 February 1959. AmAu&B; Baker 78; BioHbDtE; CnDiAmJBi; DtBE; Egyptology; Master (3); NYT, 6 February 1959, p. 25, col. 1; WhAm 3

Sachsse, Eduard Hugo Ludwig, born 1 August 1885 at Herborn, Germany, he studied Protestant theology at Berlin, Koblenz and Bonn. He received a Dr.phil. in 1910 for Die Bedeutung des Namens

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Israel; eine quellenkritische Untersuchung. From 1918 to his death in 1930 he was a lecturer at the Unlversitat MOnster. KOrschner, 1926, 1928/29; Thesis

Sachtleben, William Lewis, born 19h cent., he was joint author of Across Asia on a bicycle; the journey of two American students from Constantinople to Peking (1894). NUC, pre-1956 Sack, Richard, 20th cent., he received a Ph. D. in 1972 from Stanford University with a thesis entitled Education and modernization in Tunisia. Selim Sacke, Georg, born in 1901, he received a Dr.phil. in 1929 from the Universitat Leipzig with a thesis entitled W. S. Solowjews Geschichtsphilosophie. His writings include Die gesetzgebende Kommission Katharinas " (Breslau, 1940). Thesis Sacks, Karen Helen nee Brodkin, born 21 November 1941 at N.Y.C., she graduated from Brandeis University with the class of 1963, and received a Ph.D. in 1971 from the University of Michigan for Economic bases of sexual equality; a comparative study of four African societies. She was a professor, and a visiting professor, at numerous American universities. Her writings include Sisters and wives; the past and future of sexual equality (1979). ConAu 109, new rev., 26; NatFacDr, 1995 Sackville-West, Victoria Mary, born in 1892, she was the wife of Harold George Nicolson Uournalist and diplomat, 1886-1968). She made two trips to Persia, the first at the time of the coronation of Reza Khan, and the second as member of an expedition across the Bakhtiyari mountains by mule caravan in 1927. She was an awarded-winning poet, as well as a novelist, biographer and writer of books about gardening. She died in 1962. ConAu 93-96, 104, new rev. 60; DLB 195 (1998), pp. 289-295; DNB; Master (2);

ObitT, 1961-70, p. 698; WhAm,4; Who was who, 6

de Sacy, Antoine Isaac Silvestre, 1758-1838 see Silvestre de Sacy, Antoine Isaac Sadak, Necmeddin, born in 1890 at Constantinople, he was educated at Galatasaray Lisesi, and then prepared for a teaching career. With a government grant he continued his studies at the Unlversite de Lyon where he gained a diploma in political science in 1914. He was a sometime professor at Y stanbul Oniversitesi. In 1929 he entered politics; and in 1947 he became foreign minister. His writings include Sosyoloji ... liseler icin yeni programa gore yaz/lm/§t/r (1937). He died in N.Y.C. on 21 September 1953. AnaBrit; CurBio, 1950, 1953; Meydan Sadan, Joseph (Yusuf), fl. 1974, he received a doctorate in 1976 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Le mobilier au Proche Orient medieval. He was affiliated with Tel Aviv University. His writings also include works in Arabic. LC al-Sadat, Muhammad Anwar, born in 1918 in Egypt, he was president of Egypt until assassinated on 6 October 1918. His writings include Revolt on the Nile (1957), The Search of identity; an autobiography (1978), and The Public diary of President Sadat (1979). AnObit, 1981; Bidwell2 ; ConAu 84,101,104, new rev., 84; CurBio, 1971, pp. 358-61; Goldschmidt; IntWW,1974-1976; IntYB,1978-1980; Reich, pp. 453-460; WhAm,9; Who was who, 8; WhoWor, 1980

Saddam Husayn, 1937- see Husayn, Saddarn Sadek, Galal, born 24 November 1924 in Egypt, he studied economics and received a doctorate in 1956 at the Universite de Montpellier. Unesco Sadek, Hassan, 1891-1949, he received a Ph.D. in 1923 at the University of London for The Miocene period in the Gulf of Suez. He was a sometime vice-president of the Royal Geographical Society of Egypt. His writings include The Geography and geology of the district between Gebel 'Ataqa and EIGalala, Gulf of Suez (1926). He also wrote several geological reports on Egypt and the Sinai. Bulletin of the Royal Geographical Society of Egypt 23 (1949-50), pp. 1-3 [Not sighted]; Sluglett

Sadeq, Abdus, born in 1907 at Chandiber, Mymensingh, India, he obtained an M.A. in 1929 at the University of Dacca and subsequently joined his University as a lecturer in economics. He later served at the Islamia College, Presidency College, Calcutta, and Hooghly College as a professor of economics until 1945. In 1946 he went to England where he studied at L.S.E. and gained a Ph.D. in 1948. On his return from England in 1949, he was appointed director of research and statistics at the State Bank of Pakistan, Karachi, and in 1950 he joined the Government of East Pakistan as director of the Provincial Statistical Board and the Bureau of Commercial Intelligence, posts which he held until his death in Dacca on 11 August 1961. His writings include The Problem of the standard of Indian currency (1938), The Indian constitutional tangle and the way out (1941), and The Economic emergence of Pakistan (1954). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Pakistan 6 (1961), pp. 275-276 Sadgrove, Philip Charles, born 4 October 1944 at Warwick, he served as a British diplomat in Egypt, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia and gained a Ph.D. in 1983 from Edinburgh University with a thesis entitled The Development of the Arabic periodical press and its role in the literary life of Egypt, 1798-1882. He Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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was a lecturer in Arabic at Heriot-Watt, Durham, Edinburgh and Manchester universities. He was appointed in 1998 a senior lecturer in Arabic at the Department of Middle Eastern Studies in the University of Manchester. He was editor of the Journal of Semitic studies since 1991 and concurrently a translator and broadcaster. His writings include The Egyptian theatre in the nineteenth century (1996), and he was joint editor of Jewish contributions to nineteenth century Arabic theatre; previously unknown plays from Algeria and Syria (1996). In the 2000's he was preparing monographs on the history of the Egyptian press and the cultural history of Zanzibar. The Diplomatic service list, 1974; Directory of BRISMES members, 1993; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1998; Private

Sadler, Albert William, born 18 March 1928 at Bronxville, N.Y., he graduated from Hobart College with the class of 1951 and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Columbia University for An interpretive inventory of Max Weber's categories for the study of religion and society. He was a professor of religion at the University of Vermont until 1970 when he was appointed a professor at Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, N.Y., a post which he held until his retirement. He was joint author of The Journey of Western spirituality (1981). DrAS, 1969, 1974 P, 1978 P, 1982 P; NatFacDr, 1995 Sadler, George Washington, born 10 October 1887 at Laneview, Va., he graduated at Louisville, Ky., and Teachers' College of Columbia University. After serving as army chaplain during the first World War, he became a missionary under the Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention in Nigeria from 1921 to 1931. In 1932 he returned to the United States and was active as a pastor. His writings include A century in Nigeria (1950). He died in Richmond, Va., 18 July 1975. Shavit-Africa Sadler, Sir James Hayes, born 11 October 1851, he served with the Bengal Infantry, and was a political resident at Aden, and a political agent for Somali Coast, from 1892 to his retirement in 1897. He died on 21 April 1922. The India list and the India Office list for 1920; Riddick; Who was who, 2 Sadlier, George Forster, born about 1800, he was a captain of the 47th Foot and was the first European to penetrate more than a few miles inside Arabia. He went there in an official capacity but of most of the contemporary travellers in Arabia, he had the fewest of the qualities of an explorer. He hated the country and he loathed the people; he was totally inflexible and refused the slightest concession to local customs or conditions. But however reluctant he may have been, he was a conscientious officer and brought back much geographical information of great value. He wrote a Diary of a journey across Arabia from EI Khatif (Qatif) ... to Yambo ... during the year 1819, compiled from the records of the Bombay Government by P. Ryan (Bombay, 1866). Bidwell, pp. 138-140; BLC Sadnik Alzetmuller, Siglinde (Linda), born 13 December 1910 at Pettau, Austria, she was privately educated and never attended a school. She studied at the Universitat Graz where she received a doctorate in 1943 with a thesis entitled Bulgarische Volksratsel. From 1937 to 1940 she was a librarian at the department of Slavic studies, Graz, and subsequently a lecturer in Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian. In 1951 she married her student, Rudolf AizetmOller. The post-war depression and dearth of posts at both Graz and Wien brought her in 1959 to devasted SaarbrOcken. It was not until 1968 that she was finally invited to the chair of Slavic studies at her alma mater. She was the example of a woman who, without connections, established herself as a scholar and teacher solely on the basis of her work. She never aspired to offices, nor ever held one, and was rarely seen at congresses. Her writings include SOdosteuropaische Studien (1953), and together with her husband, Handworterbuch zu den altkirchslavischen Texten (1955). On her seventieth birthday she was honoured by the Festschrift far Linda Sadnik (1981). KUrschner, 1961-19871 Sadvakasov (Sadvaqasov), Gozhakhamet Sadvakasovich, born 15 June 1929 at Bol'shoe Aksu, he gained his first degree in 1955 at Alma-Ata for cnoeoosoesoeenue UMeH cyiuecmeumensnux e coepeMeHHoM yuaypcKoM R3b1Ke. His writings include OpepoapaepuR yuayp-cKoao R3blKa (1961), and f/3b1K yuaypoe (/)epaaHcKou oonuHbl (1970-76), he edited Mamepuanbl no ucmopuu u Kynbmype yuaypcKoao Hapooa (1978), and he was joint editor of KpamKaR ucmopun yuaypoe (1991). He died on 15 November 1991. KazakSE, vol. 9, pp. 608-609; Kazakhskaia, vol. 3; Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Schoeberlein Sadykhova, Dzhamilia/Jamila Ali kyzy, born 12 December 1935, she graduated in 1959 from the Oriental Faculty, Baku, where she also received her first degree in 1965 with a thesis entitled nUl/HUU uecmounenun e nepcuoKoM R3b1Ke. Since 1959 she was attached to the Oriental Institute of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences. Her writings include Fars dilinda shakhs avazliklari tarikhi aspektda (Baku, 1975). Miliband 2 Sadykov, Atabai Sadykovich, fl. 1962, he wrote 3KOHOMUl/eCKUe ceR3U Xuebl c ttoccuea eo emopoti nonoeune XIX- XX ee. (1965), and POCCUR u Xuea e KOHL(e XIX- nevene XX eese (1972). aSK Sadykova, K. N., fl. 1971, her writings include Teuemuueceut: pyccKo-maO>KUKCKUU cnoees (Dushanbe, 1968). LC; aSK Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

286 Saenz Martinez, Jeronimo, fl. 1949, he was affiliated with the Instituto de Estudios Africanos. His writings include La vivienda en el territorio espana de Ifri (Madrid, 1949). NUC, pre-1956 Safadi, Yasin Hamid, born about 1940 in Syria. For many years he was an Arabic subject specialist at the British Library, a post which he resigned in 1994. He was a member of the Middle East Library Committee (UK). His writngs include 1400 years of Islamic art; a descriptive catalogue (1981), and he was joint author of Union catalogue of Arabic serials and newspapers in British libraries (1977). Private Safargaliev, Magamet Garifovich, fl. 1951,hs writings include nacnaa sonomot: Opay (Saransk, 1960). aSK Safarly (Safarli/Safarov), Aliiar Kurban ogly (Aliar Gurbanali oghlu), fl. 1965. His writings include XVI/-

XVII/ asrlari azarbaijan epik she'ri (Baku, 1982). LC

Safarova, N. M., 20th cent. She edited Ceoe« Xeaaflm; 6uo-6u6nuoapaepUlJeCKUU YKa3amenb (1958), and she was joint editor of ,[J>KaManb3aae; 6uo-6u6nuoapaepUlJeCKUU YKa3amenb (Moscow, 1972). LC Safran, Nadav, born 25 August 1925 at Cairo, he graduated from Brandeis University in 1954, and received a Ph. D. in 1959 from Harvard University for Modern Egypt in search of an ideology. Since 1970 he was a professor of government, and since 1983 also a director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, at Harvard University. His writings include Egypt in search of political community (1961), Israel, the embattled ally (1978), and Saudi Arabia; the ceaseless quest for security (1985). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 5-8; Selim; WhoAm, 1974-1988/891; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978, 1987

Safrastian (Safrastyan), Aram Khachaturovich, born in 1888 at Van, Turkey, he graduated in 1916 from Darulfunun, Constantinople and subsequently taught at Galatasaray Lisesi, 1916-1919. He gained a first degree in 1946 with a thesis entitled ncmopu« peseumun >Kene3HOaOpO>KHOaO cmooumenscmee e Typu,uu. During the last years of his life he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Armenian Academy of Science. His writings include Typeunue UCmOlJHUKU 06 ApMeHuu, apMflHax U apyaux nepooex 3aKaeKa3bfl (1961), and translations from the Turkish. He died in 1966. Miliband; Miliband 2

Safrastian, Arshak S., born about 1870, his writings include Kurds and Kurdistan (London, 1948).

LC

Safrastian, Ruben Aramovich, born 5 October 1955 at Erevan, he graduated in 1977 at Erevan State University and received his first degree in 1983 at Erevan for ,[JoKmpuHa 03MaHU3Ma e nonumuvecxoii >KU3HU OCMaHcKoiJ unttepuu. Since 1981 he was a research fellow at the Oriental Institute of the Armenian Academy of Science. Miliband 2 Safronov, Vladimir Vladimirovich, born 9 March 1955 at Moscow, where he graduated in 1978 at the Institute for Afro-Asian Countries, and received his first degree in 1984 with a thesis entitled np06neMbi peseumus eeunemcxoii n033UU emcooii ttonoeune XIX - neuene XX e. He was a teacher of Arabic at his alma mater since 1979. His writings include 06w,ecmeeHHo-nOnUmUlJeCKafl meuemuse e eeunemcsoii n033UU ne-ien« XX e. (1984). Miliband 2 Safwat, Muhammad Mustafa, born early 20th cent., he received an M.A. in 1937 at the University of Liverpool for his thesis entitled Tunis from 1855 to 1879, and a Ph.D. in 1940 from L.S.E. for The Great Powers and Tunis, 1878-1881. His writings include Tunis and the Great Powers, 1878-1881 (Alexandria, 1943). Sluglett Sagadeev, Artur Vladimirovich, born 24 February 1931 at Kazan, he gained his first degree in 1964 at Moscow for t13 ucmopuu ecmemuvecsoii Mblcnu nepoooe 5nU>KHeaO U Cpeoneeo Bocmoxe, and he received a doctorate in 1987 for his thesis BOCmOlJHuiJ neounememusu. His writings include t16HPywa (1973), t16H-CuHa (1980), he was joint author of the translation, Classical Islamic philosophy (1990), he edited and translated from the Arabic of Bahmanyar ibn al-Marzuban, am-Taxcun = tlosneuue (1983-86), and from Ibn Tufayl, Iloeecm» 0 XaiJHe, cune RK3aHa (1988). Miliband; Miliband 2 Sagaster, Klaus, born 19 March 1933 at Niemens, northern Bohemia. After the expulsion of the German population from Czechoslovakia, the family came to the Soviet Zone of Germany where he was educated and also started in 1951 his East Asian studies at Leipzig. In 1954 he escaped from East Germany and completed his study in 1959 at Bonn. From 1970 to his retirement he was a professor at Bonn. His writings include Die weif3e Geschichte; eine mongolische Quelle (1976), and he was joint author of Mongolische Handschriften (1961). KOrschner, 1976-2001; Schoeberlein; Thesis Sagay, ltsejuwa Esanjumi, born 20 December 1940 at Ibadan, he received a LL.B. at Ife University, and LL.B. and Ph.D. at Cambridge. In 1985 he was a professor of international law at the University of Ife, 1Ii-lfe, Nigeria. His writings include The legal aspects of the Namibian dispute (1975), Racial discrimination in international law (1981), and Nigerian law of contract (1985). AfricaWW, 1991, 1996 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Sage, Henri, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1908 at the Faculte de droit de Paris for Les institutions politiques du pays de Liege au XVIII siecte, leur decadence et leur dernier etet. He was in 1910 a professor at l'E~cole francaise de droit, Cairo. BN Saghaphi, Mirza Mahmoud Khan, born in Persia during the later years of Nasir ai-Din Khan (18481896), he left Tehran as a very young man, in order to enter upon a diplomatic career abroad. Perhaps the most distinguished service he rendred his country was as first delegate plenipotentiary of Persia at the conference for the suppression of the opium evil which assembled at den Haag, 19111912. He held other responsible posts, at den Haag and London, and in 1924 he went to N.Y.C. as Persian consul-general to study the matter of establishing a Persian consulate in the U.S.A. His writings include In the imperial shadow (Garden City, N.Y., 1928). He died in N.Y.C., 23 October 1942. Asia 28 (1928), p. 7; ObitOF, 1979

Sagot-Lesage, Jules Alfred, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1857 from the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled De la dot profectice en droit romain. His writings include Etude sur la legislation de Mahomet (1858-59). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Sagredo, Comte Agostino, born in 1797, he published together with Federico Berchet /I Fondaco dei Turchi in Venezia; studi storici ed artistici con documenti inediti e tavole illustrative (Milano, 1860). He died in 1871. NUC, pre-1956 Saguchi, Toru, born 20 June 1916 at Kanazawa, Japan. His writings include Shinkyo minzokushi

kenkyu (Tokyo, 1986). LC; Schoeberlein

Sahakyan, Ruben G., 1929- see Saakian, Ruben Gareginovich Sahebjam, Freidoune H., born about 1935, he was an Iranian journalist, condemned to death by the Iranian regime in 1979. He survived the Pahlavi rule and went into exile in France. His writings include L'lran des Pahlevis (1966), Mohamed Reza Pahlavi (1971), L'lran vers I'an 2000; document (1977), Femme tepkiee (1990), its translation, The stoning of Soroya (1994), and he edited Je n'ai plus de larmes pour pleurer (1985). LC Sahovic, Milan, born 4 March 1924 at Beograd, where he studied and received a doctorate in law in 1958 with a thesis entitled Opsta pitenja kodifikacije medunarodnog prava. He was a member of the Institute of International Politics and Economy, Beograd. In 1974 he was appointed chairman, Legal Committee, U. N. General Assembly. His writings include Nuklearna energija i medunarodno pravo (1964), Putevi savremenog razvoja medunarodnog prava (1969), and he was joint author of Droit international, vol. 2 (1982). WhoUN,1975 Sahwell, Aziz S., 20th cent., his writings include the booklets, Investment of foreign capital in the Arab world; and The American businessman and the Middle East (New York, American Friends of the Middle East, 1956), and Exodus, a distortion of truth (New York, Arab Information Center, 1960). NUC, pre-1956

Said, Edward William, born 1 November 1935 at Jerusalem, he was Parr Professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University, visiting professor at Harvard, a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, and a member of the Palestine National Council. His writings include Orientalism (1978), Culture and imperialism (1994), and Peace and its discontents; essays on Palestine in the Middle East peace process (1995). B. Ashcroft and P. Ahluwalia wrote Edward Said, the paradox of Identity (1999). He died from leukaemia on 25 September 2003 in N.Y.C. DLB 67, pp. 249-59; Master (8); Who,2003; WhoAm, 1996-2003 Sa'id Halim Pasha, born in 1863 at Cairo, the grandson of Muhammad 'Ali of Egypt, he was educated in Europe. He was a member of the Ottoman council of state in 1888, and named secretary-general of the Committee Union and Progress in September 1912. After the assassination of Mahmud $evket Pasa on 11 June 1913, he became grand vizier and foreign minister. He opposed the entry of the Ottoman Empire in the war. In February 1917 he resigned for reasons of health. Arrested by the British after the occupation of Constantinople in 1919, he was deported to Malta but later released. He was resident in Roma when he was assassinated by an Armenian, 6 December 1921. He was a prolific writer on social and Islamic matters. AnaBrit; Meydan; Orient et Occident, 1921, pp. 167-68; ZUrcher Said-Ruete, Rudolph, born 13 April 1869 at Hamburg, the son of Rudolph Heinrich Ruete, 1839-1870, he began his education at the Gymnasium at Rudolstadt and continued first at Wilhelms Gymnasium, Berlin, and later the Prussian Kadettencorps. In 1885 the Imperial Government sent his mother together with her son and daughter on a visit to Zanzibar. From 1888 to 1898 he served with the Prussian field artillery. During his term of duty he was assigned to the Imperial Consulate at Beirut, as well as to the war academy (Kriegsakademie). After service in Egypt as Inspecteur general des Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

288 chemins de fer economiaue de I'Est, he returned in 1900 to Germany where he found employment with the Oriental Bureau of Deutsche Bank, with special reference to railways in Turkey and the German East African railway. During the winter of 1902-3 he spent some time at Jabal Zayt, Golf of Suez, representing the petroleum interests of the National Bank of Egypt. In 1906 he settled in Cairo as a director of Deutsche Orientbank. In the service of his Bank he went in 1910 on an economic mission to Persia. In the same year he became a permanent resident in London. At the outbreak of the world war he was in Switzerland where he devoted himself until 1920 to international humanitarian service. When his cousins, the sultans of Oman and Zanzibar, were on state visits in London in 1928 and 1929, he established personal relations to them. Since 1931 he kept a second residence in Luzern. He received decorations from Germany, Oman, Zanzibar, Turkey, and Persia. His writings include Meine Reise in Syrien und Peiestin« (Berlin, 1898), Said bin Sultan, ruler of Oman and Zanzibar (London, 1929), and Rudolph Said-Ruete; eine auto-biographische Teilskizze (Luzern, 1932). Note

Saidmuradov, Dustmurod Saidmuradovich, born 20 February 1934 at Samarkand, he graduated in 1951 at Samarkand. After he received his first degree in 1966 with a thesis entitled "Tepux-u AXMaoiuexu" MaxMyoa en-xycetinu KaK ucm04HUK no ucmopuu Acj:JaaHucmaHa, he taught from 1969 to 1984 at the Tajikistan State University. He was joint author of 03 ucmopuu eocmosoeeoenun 8 Tao)f(u«ucmene, 1917-1958 ee. (1990), and he edited Ta'pux-u AXMao-Waxu (1974). Miliband 2 Saidzada, Ali A. see Seid-zade, Ali Azhdar Saikal, Amin, born 2 December 1951 at Kabul, he was in the early 1980s a part-time tutor in political science, and since 1994, a professor and director, Center for Arab and Islamic Studies in the Australian National University. His writings include The emergence of a state from dependence to regional power (1980), The rise and fall of the Shah (1980), and Regime change in Afghanistan (1991). WhoAus, 2000

Sailer, Thomas Henry Powers, born in 1868, he was affiliated with the Missionary Education Movement of the U.S. and Canada. His writings include The Moslem faces the future (1926), What does Christ expect from young people today? (1926), and Christian adult education in rural Asia and Africa (1943). NUC, pre-1956 (Sainean), Lazar, born in 1859, he was a Romanian linguist and folklorist, who was resident in France since 1900. His writings include L'influence orientale sur la langue et la civilisation roumaines (1902), and Les sources de I'argot ancien (1912). He died in 1934. DcERoman; MicDcEnc

~aineanu

Saint-Aubin, Wilfrid, born in 1902 at Chicago, he was a graduate of the University of Notre Dame, Ind. He worked overseas almost continuously since 1943, when he went to Europe to do emergency relief work for the American National Red Cross. In the spring of 1948 he was appointed delegate of the League of Red Cross Societies to the Middle East, and shortly thereafter was attached to the staff of Count Bernadotte, United Nations mediator for Palestine, as special consultant on humanitarian affairs. He served in this position under Bernadotte and later under acting mediator, Ralph J. Bunche, from June 1948 to January 1949, being director of Field Operations for the U.N.'s Disaster Relief Project from September on. After his return from the Middle East he was supervisor of International Agency Relations for the American National Red Cross, a post which he held until his retirement in 1969. He died in 1980. Middle Eastjouma/; Shavit de Saint-Blancard, Louis de Saint-Victor, called Saint-Brice, born 19th cent. Since the very first years of the twentieth century he was a collaborator with the production of the Journal officiel, where in later years he became vice-doyen of the diplomatic press, and a director of the journal's foreign affairs section. Since the 1910s he regularly contributed to Correspondance d'Orient. On 14 January 1936 he was promoted commandeur of the Legion d'honneur. Correspondance d'Orient 29 (1936), p. 77

Saint-Brice, Louis de Saint-Victor de Saint-Blancard see Saint-Blancard, Louis de Saint-Victor de Saint Brides, John, Lord, 1916-1989 see James, John Morrice Cairns, Baron Saint Brides St. Clair, Alexandrine N., born 20th cent., she was a sometime curatorial assistant at the Department of Prints, Metropolitan Museum of Art, N.Y.C., where she prepared the catalogue for the exhibition, The Art of Imperial Turkey and its European Echoes. Her writings include The image of the Turk in Europe (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1973). LC Saint-Elme, Ida, originally Elzelina van Aylde Jonghe, who also used the pseudonym la Contemporaine, born in 1776, she was an adventuress. After a chequered youth, she travelled in the East. She displayed a dissolute conduct, repeatedly changed her name, and owes her notorious reputation especially to her eight-volume Memoire d'une contemporaine (Paris, 1827-28), which contains scandalous and deceitful acounts from the period of the Revolution to l'Empire. In Egypt she made Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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libellous accusations against Bernardino M. M. Drovetti and the Tuscan consul Rosetti. She died in 1845 at the Hospice des Ursulines de Bruxelles. Dezobry; NUC, pre-1956

Saint-Exupery, Roger, vicomte, born 15 January 1865 at Florac (Lozere), he was educated at colleges in Tours and Le Mans. After passing through the military college at Saint-Cyr, he served in Madagascar. He was a well-educated and learned officer, with an interest in colonial and diplomatic affairs. During the 1911-1912 Balkan War he was a correspondent for I'Echo d'Orient in Constantinople, and also travelled to Palestine under the name of Comte de Miremont. Previously he had visited Egypt twice in order to study African affairs. He once accompanied the Khedive on a visit to the Siwa Oasis. His subsequent report earned him a silver medal from the Societe de geographie de Paris. In 1912 he was named chevalier of the Legion d'honneur. He was mortally wounded in the Great War and died shortly thereafter in Charleville on 9 September 1914. IndexBFr2 (1) Saint-Germes, Joseph Jean Vivien, born in 1902, he received his first doctorate in 1925 from the Faculte de droit d'Alger with a thesis entitled La Banque de I'Algerie et Ie credit pendant et epres la guerre, and his second doctorate the following year. His writings include Essai de l'evotution du capitalisme au XIXe et au debut du XXe siecle (1936), La Societe des Nations et les emprunts internationaux (1931), and Economie algerienne (1950). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Saint-Hilaire, Barthelemy, 1805-1895 see Barthelemy Saint-Hilaire, Jules St. John, Bayle, born in 1822 at Kentish Town, London, he was a miscellaneous writer who twice visited Egypt. His writings include Two years residence in a Levantine family (1850), Village life in Egypt (1852), The Turks in Europe (1853), and Legends of the Christian East (1856). He died in 1859. BiD&SB; DNB; Egyptology; Master (1)

St. John, James Augustus, born in 1801, he was a sometime editor of the Oriental herald. He was an extensive traveller in Egypt and Nubia, mostly on foot, from 1832 to 1833. His writings include Egypt and Mohammed Ali (1834), The Lives of celebrated travellers (1841-1844), Egypt and Nubia (1845), and Isis; an Egyptian pilgrimage (1853). He died in London in 1875. BbD; BiD&SB; Dictionary of national biography; Who was who inEgyptology (1995)

St. John, Oliver Beauchamp Coventry, born in 1837 at Ryde, Isle of Wight, he was educated in England and then joined the Bengal Engineers where he was employed in the Public Works Department. He later was instrumental in the installation of a telegraph line of 1,250 miles in Persia, through an extremely difficult and troublesome country. He subsequently served in the second Afghan War and in Baluchistan. His writings include Eastern Persia; an account of the journeys of the Persian Boundary Commission, 1870-72 (1876). He died in Quetta in 1891. DNB; Riddick St. John, Oliver Peter, born 27 February 1938 at Victoria, B.C., he was a graduate of the University of British Columbia and received a Ph.D. in 1972 from L.S.E. In 1972 he started a lifelong teaching career in international relations at the University of Manitoba. He spent part of a sabbatical year visiting Algeria and Tunisia in early 1968. His writings include Air piracy, airport security and international terrorism (1991). Canadian, 1987-2003 St-Leger, Clerget de see Clerget de St-Leger, Henri Marie Louis Francois Saint-Marc Girardin, Marc, born Francols Auguste Marc Girardin on 19 February 1801 at Paris, he was educated at the College Henri IV. Although he prepared for a teaching career, he also took a law degree and became a qualified lawyer. He taught at Louis-Ie-Grand before he was appointed in 1833 to the chair of French poetry at the Sorbonne. In the same year he left on an official mission to Berlin and Wien to study their educational systems. Between 1839 and 1842 he also visited the East. His writings include Souvenirs de voyages et o'etuaes (1853), and Souvenirs et reflections politiques d'un journaliste (1859). He died in Morsang-sur-Seine, 1 April 1873. BiD&SB; Glaeser; Hoefer; Index BFr2 (2); OxFr; Vapereau

de Saint-Martin, Louis Vivien, 1802-1897 see Vivien de Saint-Martin, Louis

Saint-Martin, Yves-Jean, born 20th cent., he was a professor at Dakar. His writings include L'Empire toucouleur, 1848-1897 (1970), Le Senegal sous Ie second Empire; naissance d'un empire colonial, 1850-1871 (1989), a work which is a revision of his doctoral thesis presented under the tiltle, La formation territoriale de la colonie du Senegal sous Ie second Empire. He was also joint author of L'ancre et la croix du sud; la marine franqaise dans I'expansion coloniale en Afrique noire (1998). LC de Saint-Point, Valentine, this is the pseudonym of Anne Jeanne Valentine Marianne Desglans de Cessiat-Vercell, born in 1875. French by birth, she had Italian familial ties, associated with the Italian Futurist colony in Paris, spent time in Italy, and wrote and published her Manifesto of the Futurist woman, and Futurist manifesto of lust in Italian. After converting to Islam in the 1920s, she took yet Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

290 another name, Raouhya (Ruhiyah) Nour el Dine. She was an artist, who entered several exhibitions in France, a writer, poetess, journalist, woman of the world, and dancer who dominated Paris of the belle epoque, before she revealed a concern for woman's condition, dedicating her activities to the defence of the weak and oppressed people of the East. In Cairo she published Le phrenix (1925-27). Her writings include La verite sur la Syrie (1929). She died in 1953. Woman's art journal, 7 (1986/87), pp. 3-4 de Saint-Priest, Francois Joseph Emmanuel de Guignard, vicomte, born in 1818, his writings include La guerre d'ltalie, campagne de 1859, par Ie Duc d'Almazan (Paris, 1882). BN Saint-Rene Taillandier, Rene G. E., 1817-1879 see Taillandier, Rene Gaspard Ernest Saint-Rene Saint-Victor de Saint-Blancard, Louis see Saint-Blancard, Louis de Saint-Victor de Saint-Yves, Georges, born in 1867, he visited Central Asia in an official capacity in 1901. His writings include A I'assault de I'Asie; la conquete europeenne en Asie (1901), and I'Oceanie (1902). NUC, pre-'56 Sainte-Claire Deville, Edouard, born 19th cent., his writings include Etude sur les placements hypotneceires en Egypte (Le Caire, 1907), and La responsabilite des patrons envers leurs ouvriers et I'assurance collective contre les accidents du travail (Le Caire, 1910). NUC, pre-1956 Sainte Croix Pajot, Jules, fl. 19th cent., he edited Mille et un jours; contes persans, turcs et chinois (1844), a work which was translated into Spanish and entitled Los mil y un dias (1863). LC Sainte Fare Garnot, Jean, born 26 July 1908 at Paris, where he trained for Egyptology at the Sorbonne. He spent the years from 1935 to 1938 in Egypt on a scholarship. He became a director of the Institut francais du Caire in 1953. Nagel's encyclopedia-guide series published his Egypt (1985). He died in Paris on 20 June 1963. Egyptology; Revue arch{JOlogique, 1963, no. 2, pp. 198-204 Sainte-Marie, Alain, fl. 1971, he was affiliated with the Centre de la Mediterranee moderne et contemporaine. He edited Charles Saumagne's Journal et ecrits; Tunisie, 1947-1957 (1979). LC Sainte-Marie, Flye, 1869-1956 see Flye-Sainte-Marie, Marie Pierre de Sainte-Marie, Jean Baptiste Evariste Charles Pricot, born in 1843, his writings include La Tunisie chretienne (1878), and Mission a Carthage (1884). NUC, pre-1956 Sainthill, Richard, born in 1787 at Topsham, Devon, he was a merchant at Cork, and well known as a numismatist. His writings include An olla podrida; or, Scraps, numismatic, antiquarian, and literary (1844-53), and Numismatic crumbs (1855). He died in Rathcooney, 12 November 1869. Boase; LC Saintoyant, Jules Francois, captain, born in 1869, his writings include La colonisation trencelse sous I'ancien regime (1929), La colonisation trencelse pendant la revolution, 1789-1799 (1930), and Un oeuvre meconnique en France aux XV/lIe et X/X stecies (1941). NUC, pre-1956 Saintyves, Pierre, pseudo see Nourry, Emile Dominique, 1870-1935 Sainville, Leonard, born in 1910 at Lorrain (Martinique), he trained as a teacher and then practised his profession until 1933 when he went to France on a scholarship. For undisclosed reasons the grant was revoked. In 1938 he gained an advanced diploma in history and subsequently taught literature at colleges in the Paris region - at the same time continuing his leftist activities. In 1964 he obtained a scholarship from President Senghor, tenable at I'I.F.A.N. where he began with a Histoire du Senegal. He was appointed in 1971 a director of the Centre de Recherche du Senegal at Saint-Louis. He wrote Victor SchreIer, 1804-1893 (1950), and Dominique, negre esclave (1951). He died in 1977. AfrBiolnd (2); Hommes et destins 4, p. 639; Master (1)

Sait Halim Pa§a, 1863-1921 see Sa'id Halim Pasha Saitta, Achille, born 12 March 1904 at S. Angelo di Brolo (Messina), he took a law degree and became a journalist. He was persecuted during the Mussolini years. His writings include I vespri (1934), and Dal terrorismo alia dittatura (1945). Chi e, 1948, 1957, 1961; Chi scrive; Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958 Saiyidain, Khwaja Ghulam, born 14 February 1904 at Panipat, India, he was educated at Aligarh Muslim University and Leeds. He was a sometime professor of education, and principal, at Aligarh. He later served as educational adviser to provincial and federal governments in India. His writings include Universities and the life of the mind (1965), and Tagore lecture, 1969, on Ghalib (1971). Shamsi Tahrani wrote a biography entitled Zikr-i Sayyidain (1975). He died 19 December 1971. Au&Wr 1971; Eminent; India who's who, 1969, 1970; IntWW, 1974/75-1977; WhE&EA

Sakata, Hiromi Lorraine, born about 1940, she received a Ph.D. in 1976 from the University of Washington with a thesis entitled The concepts of music and musicians in three Persian-speaking Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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areas of Afghanistan. In 2000 she was a professor at the School of Music in the University of Washington, Seattle. Her writings include Music in the mind; the concept of music and musician in Afghanistan (1983), and she was joint author of The world of Islam, images and echoes; a critical guide to films and recordings (1980). MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacOr, 2000 Sakbani, Mahmoud, born in 1938, he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from New York University for Technology and production; an economic model for the U.S. manufacturing industry. NUC, 1968-1972 Sakharov (Sacharow), Anatolii Mikhailovich, fl. 20th cent. His writings include 06pa30eaHue pyccxoeo uenmpenusoeennoeo eocyoepcmee (1955), lopooa Cepeepo-BocmollHol1 Pycu 14-15 eekoe (1959), OllepKu ucmopuu pyCCKOl1 Kynbmypbl IX-XVII ee. (1962), and Memooonoaufl ucmopuu u ucmopuoepetpu» (1981). LC Sakisian, Armenaq, fl. 1918. His writings include La miniature persane du XII au Xllie siecle (1929), and Pages d'art ermenlen (1940). LC Saksena, Krishan Prasad, born 25 October 1929, he was in 1980 a professor and head of the Centre for International Politics and Organisation at the School of International Studies, New Delhi, and a secretary-general of the Institute for World Congress on Human Rights. His writings include Cooperation in development (1986). LC; Note Salac, Antonin, born 7 July 1885 at Praha, he was educated at his home town and l'Ecole francaise d'Athenes. He became a professor of classical annqultles at Praha. His writings include Studie k historikiJm timsk« doby revoiucni (1924), Nekolik archeologickych pemete« z vycncdntho Bulharska (1928), and he was joint author of Supplementum epigraphicum graecum (1923). On his seventieth birthday he was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled Studia antiqua Antonio Salae septuagenario oblata (1955). He died in Praha, 14 November 1960. IES; MalaCEnc; PSN; WhE&EA Salacuse, Jeswald William, born 28 January 1938 at Niagara Falls, N.Y., he was admitted to the New York Bar in 1965, and to the Texas Bar in 1990. He was a lecturer in law at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 1963-64, and became a legal advisor and professor at Beirut and Khartoum as well as a professor of law in various U.S. universities. His writings include Selective survey of family law in Northern Nigeria (1965). OrAS, 1982 P; WhoAmL, 1979-2003/2004; WhoS&SW, 1986/87 Saladin, Henri Jules, born 22 November 1851 at Bolbec (Seine-inferieure), he studied at l'Ecole des Beaux-arts, Paris, and became an architect. As a member of the Commission archeoloqlque de l'Afrique du Nord at the Ministere de I'lnstruction publique, he went on archaeological missions to Tunisia in 1882-83, and 1885. His writings include La mosquee di Sidi Okba a Kairouan (1899), Manuel d'art musulman (1907), and Tunis et Kairouan (1908). IndexBFr2 (2); Oursel; Qui efes-vous, 1924 Salah Bey, Anisse, born 8 March 1936 at BOne, Algeria, he received a doctorate in 1963 from the Universite de Lausanne with a thesis entitled L'Organisation Internationale de Travail et Ie syndicalisme mondial, 1945-1960. As a member of the Research Section, Social Institutions Development Department of the International Labour Organization, he participated in a field mission to Mali in July 1966. He was joint author of Aspects du syndicalisme africain (1962). AfrBiolnd (1); Unesco Salakhetdinova, Munira Azimovna, born 20 April 1920 at Kliuchishcha, she graduated in 1946 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and gained a first degree in 1954 at Leningrad with a thesis entitled ApmuKnb e coepeMeHHoM nepcuocKOM fl3blKe. Since 1954 she was affiliated with the Leningrad Section of the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. She was joint author of ttepcuocxue u maO)l(HKCKUe pyKonucu t1Hcmumyma nspoooe A3UU AH CCCP (1964), she edited and translated from the Persian of Khwajah Samandar Tirmizi, ,[Jacmyp en-uyny« (1971), and she edited WapacjJ-HaMe-l1u waxu of Hafiz Tanish (1983). Miliband; Miliband2 Salamah (Salarne), Ghassan, he was a sometime directeur d'etuaes at the C.N.R.S., and a professor of international relations at the Institut d'etudes politiques, Paris. His writings include al-Siyasah alkharijTyah al-Sa'udTyah (1980), and he edited The foundations of the Arab state (1987), and The politics of Arab integration (1989). EURAMES, 1993 Salaman, Redcliffe Nathan, born in 1874 at London, he was a geneticist who had a lifelong commitment to Zionism. During the first World War he served in Palestine. His writings include Palestine reclaimed; letters from a Jewish officer in Palestine (1920), and The history and social influence of the potato (1949). He died in 1955. Bioln 3 (2); ONB; EncJud; WhE&EA Salamon, Colette, 1934- see Sirat, Colette nee Salamon Salamzade, Abdul Vagam Ragim ogly, born 16 February 1916 at Shamakhy, Azerbaijan, he was an authority on the art and architecture of Azerbaijan. His writings include ApxumeKmypa A3ep6al1o)l(aHa Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

292 XVI-XIX ee. (1964), Arazboiu abidalar (1979), and he was joint author of np06neMbi coxoeneuun u pexonompyxuuu ucmoouuecxux eopoooe A3ep6ailo)f(aHa (1979). He died in Baku, 19 August 1983. AzarbSE, vol. 8, p. 266

Salaville, Severien, born 19th cent., he was a priest residing in Constantinople in the 1910s. His writings include Liturgies orientales (1932), An introduction to the study of Eastern liturgies (1938), and Studia orientalia liturgico-theologica (1940). NUC, pre-1956 von Saldern, Axel, born in 1923, he received a doctorate in 1952 at MOnchen with a thesis entitled Studien zum manieristischen Portrait in Italien. He was a sometime director of the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg. His writings include Ancient and Byzantine glass from Sardis (1980), and G/as von der Antike bis zum Jugendsti/ (1980). KOrschner, 1983-2003 Sale, Florentia nee Wynch, born 13 August 1790, she was the wife of colonel Sir Robert Henry Sale and became a victim of the disastrous British retreat from Kabul in January 1842. She and other women and children were carried off as captives by Akbar Khan as far as Bamian until in September 1842. They bribed the officers in charge of them to release them. They were recovered by Sir Richmond Shakespear. She kept a diary throughout, published as her Journal of the disasters in Affghanistan, 1841-42 (1843). She died 6 July 1853. Buckland; Biography and genealogy master index (2); Riddick; Robinson, pp. 268-269

Sal'e (Canse), Mikhail Aleksandrovich, born in 1899 at St. Petersburg, he graduated in 1923 from the Leningrad Institute of Modern Oriental Languages and obtained a doctorate with his edition and translation of two little known works of Ali Shir Nava'i. Between 1929 and 1939 he translated the complete Arabian nights for the first time into Russian. He died in Leningrad, 17 August 1961. Miliband; Miliband2 Sale, Richard Barksdale, born 10 November 1930 at Holdenville, Okla., he was a 1952 graduate of the University of Texas, and received a Ph.D. in English in 1963. He was in 1963-64 a Fulbright lecturer in American civilization and literature at the Universite de Mohammed V, Rabat. After his return in 1965 he became a professor of English at North Texas State University. His writings include The tortilla of heaven; new and selected poems (1990). DrAS 1969,1974 E, 1978 E, 1982 E Saleem Khan, M. A., fl. 1974, he was a sometime reader in West Asian studies at Aligarh Muslim University. His writings include The monarchic Iraq (1977). LC; Note Salem, Elie Adib, born 5 March 1930 in Lebanon, he was a Christian Arab and a graduate of A.U.B. who received a Ph.D. in 1953 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., with a thesis entitled The Khawarij theory and institutions. In a variety of capacities he was affiliated with A.U.B. and the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. Since 1982 he was a Lebanese politician. His writings include Political theory and institutions of the Khawarij (1956), and Modernization without revolution (1973). Contemporary authors, 49-52; International who's who, 1990/91-2002; Selim; Who's who in Lebanon, 1977/78-2003/2004

Salem, Norma see Salem-Babikian, Norma Salem-Babikian, Norma, fl. 20th cent. Under the name N. Salem Babikian, she received an M.A. in 1975 from McGill University, Montreal, for Michel Aflaq; a biographical study of his approach to Arabism; under the name Norma Salem, she there also received a Ph.D. in 1983 for Habib Bourguiba; a study of Islam and legitimacy in the Arab world. In 1980, she was a lecturer at Universite de Montreal, as well as a researcher at McGill's Centre for Developing Area Studies. Ferahian Salemann (3aIleMaH), Carl Gustav Hermann (Germanovich), born 28 December 1849 at Reval, he was educated at the local Domschule until 1867, when he began to study Oriental languages, particularly Persian, at St. Petersburg. He was a sometime lecturer in Iranian languages and a librarian at St. Petersburg, later becoming a professor of history and literatures of the East at the Academy of Science. In 1890 he was appointed director of the Asiatic Museum. In the late 1890s he visited Central Asia in order to acquire Oriental manuscripts for his Museum. His writings include '-Iemeepocmuwue XaKaHu (1875), Persische Grammatik (1889), Manichaeische Studien (1908), and he edited Abdulqadiri Bagdadensis Lexicon Sahnamianum (1895). He died in St. Petersburg in 1916. Baltisch (1); BiobibSOT, pp. 163-64; GSE, vol 9, p. 571; 1.1. (3)

Salenc, P. fl. 1956, he was engineer-in-chief with the Genie Rural, and head of the Arrondissement d'Oujda, Morocco. Note Salera, Virgil, born 22 September 1913 at San Francisco, he received a Ph.D. in 1941 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Exchange control and the Argentine market. He held a variety of posts Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

L~j

at the U.S. Federal Government as well as American universities, before he became a professor of business administration and economics at California State University, Hayward. His writings include Multinational business (1969). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; Master (1)

Salerno, Eric, born in 1939. His writings include Guida al Sahara (1974), Fantasmi suI Nilo (1979), and Genocidio in Libio (Milano, 1979). LC Saletore, Bhasker Anand, born 11 October 1900 at Mangalore, India, he received a Dr.phil. in 1933 from the Universltat Gief1en with a thesis entitled Der Werl der Listschen Lehren far die Losung der indischen Frage. He was a professor of ancient Indian history successively at Sir Parashurambhan College, Poona, and Bombay University. On 22 August 1957 he delivered his inaugural lecture at the Kannada Research Institute, Dharwar, entitled Ancient Indian history and culture. His other writings include Social and political life in the Vijavanagara Empire, 1346-1646 (1934), The wild tribes in Indian history (1935), India's diplomatic relations with the West (1958), and India's diplomatic relations with the East (1960). ConAu 5-8 Saletore, G. N., fl. 1955, his writings include Banares affairs, 1788-1810 (Allahabad, 1955), Henry Wellesley's correspondence, 1801-1803 (1955), and Press list of pre-Mutiny records (Allahabad, 1955). NUC, pre-1955

Saletore, Rajaram Narayan, M.A., Ph.D., born 7 May 1906 at Mangalore, India, he was a fellow of the Royal Economic Society. His writings include Life in the Gupta age (1943), Early Indian economic history (1973), and Sex in Indian harem life (1978). IntAu&W, 1977

Salgado, Germanico, Dr., born early 20th cent., his writings include Ecuador y la integraci6n econ6mica de America Latina (Buenos Aires, 1970). LC Salhani, Antoine, born in 1847 at Damascus, he was a Jesuit and a student of classical Arabic literature. He edited Ta'rikh mukhtasar al-duwal of Bar Hebraeus (1890), and Diwan al-Akhtal (18911925); he also compiled Contes arabes (2d ed., 1941). He died in Ghazi, 10 August 1941. FOck, p. 297

Salibi, Kamal Suleiman, born in 1929, he received a Ph.D. in 1952 from SOAS with a thesis entitled Studies on the traditional historiography of the Maronites on the period 1100-1516. He became affiliated with A.U.B. in 1951, and in 1994 he was appointed first director of the Royal Institute for InterFaith Studies, Amman. His writings include The modern history of Lebanon (1965), Cross roads to civil war; Lebanon, 1958-1976 (1976), Syria under Islam (1977), A history of Arabia (1980), and A house of many mansions (1988). Sluglett; WhoLeb,1977/78-1999/2000

Salierno, Vito, born early 20th cent. at Bari, Italy, he was a sometime teacher at the Liceo E. Vittorini, Milano. His writings include L'lndia degli dei; storia, civllie, cultura (1986), and D'Annunzio e i suo editori (1987). LC

Salifou, Andre, born in 1942 at Zinder, Niger, he studied history at the Universlte de Toulouse, and liberal arts at l'I~cole nationale d'art dramatique, Abidjan. He was a playwright and historian whose writings include Le Damagaram ou Sultanat de Zinder au XIX siecte (Niamey, 1971), the play, Ousama Dan Folio (1988), Histoire du Niger (1989), and he was joint author of L'Europe et l'Afrique du XVe steele aux independences (1987). AfrBiolnd (3)

SAlih Munir Pasa, born in 1857 at Constantinople, he was educated at the Galatasaray Mekteb-i Sultanisl, He was admitted to the Office of Translations in 1872, and entered the Imperial Divan in 1877. From 1897 to 1908 he was Turkish ambassador to France. He was a corresponding member of the Academie des Sciences Politiques, Paris. His writings include La politique orientale de la Russie (Lausanne, 1918). He died in Istanbul in 1939. Bacque, p. 137; Meydan Salimzianova, F. A., fl. 1961, she edited and translated from the Turkish of Veysi, Xa6-HaMe (1977). LC

Salin, Edouard Marie Pierre Marcel, born about 1900, he was an archaeologist whose writings include Le cimitlere barbare de Lezeville (1922), and Le fer after an article in 1955. BN; NUC, pre-1956

a t'epooue

merovinqienne (1943). His trace is lost

Salinger, Gerard George, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1953 from Columbia University for The Kitab aI-Jihad from Qadi Nu'men's uDala'im aI-Islam. U His trace is lost after an article in 1967. Selim

Salisbury, Edward A., born 19h cent. After serving as a lieutenant-commander in the U.S. Transport Service during the first World War, he departed in 1920 on an eighteen-months' cruise through the South Seas in the Wisdom II, a yacht equipped as a motion-picture laboratory. Rejoining the Wisdom Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

294

/I in Singapore in the autumn of 1923, he continued his expedition until it came to a premature end with the burning of the yacht at Savona, Italy, in April of 1923. He was joint author of The sea gypsy (New York, 1924). Asia and the Americas, 1924

Salisbury, Edward Elbridge, born 6 April 1814 at Boston, he graduated in 1832 from Yale University and subsequently studied theology there and Oriental languages at Paris under Garcin de Tassy and Silvestre de Sacy, a part of whose library he brought with him to the United States. When he was appointed in 1841 to the newly established chair of Arabic and Sanskrit at his alma mater, he was the only professor of its kind in the United States. He held the post until 1854. He was awarded honorary doctorates from Yale (1869) and Harvard (1886). He died in 1901. ACAB; Amlndex (4); DAB; Master (7); NatCAB; WhAm H

Salisbury, Howard Graves, born 20 April 1943 at Oahu, Hawai, he was a graduate of the University of California at Santa Barbara, and received a Ph.D. in 1972 from U.C.L.A. Since 1971 he was a professor, and later chairman, Department of Geography, Northern Arizona University, a post which he still held in 1995. Master (1); NatFacDr, 1995; Who's who in the West, 1976/77, 1978/79 de Salle, Eusebe Francois see Salles, Eusebe Francois comte de

Sallefranque, Charles, born 26 May 1896 at Fontenay-sous-Bois (Nogent-sur-Marne), he was educated at Versailles and then entered the Universite de Paris where he took courses in history and geography. This became the very basis of his culture and learning. In disobedience to his father's wishes he became an under-master at the Petit Seminaire de Conflans-pres-Bonneuil and later a lecturer in canon law at the Institut catholique de Paris. After a spell in politics and a quarrel in 1920 with his university professor, he refused to present his thesis for his agregation and applied for a post in overseas teaching. Instead of Vietnam, his first choice, he was sent to Morocco, where he then served as teacher for forty-one years, thirty-eight of which teaching at Muslim institutions in Rabat, Casablanca, Marrakesh, and Rabat-Sale. He became totally assimilated and remained in the country after his retirement. He died among his adopted Moroccan family in Rabat in July 1973. Hommes et destins, Yol 7, pp. 423-426

de Salles, Eusebe Francols comte, born 16 or 17 December 1796 at Montpellier, he called himself Desalle and signed at times Desalles, at others, Dessalles; from 1820 to 1842 he signed De Salle; it was only in 1843 that he added a final "s" to his name. He was a medical doctor who started his Arabic studies in 1827 at the Ecole des langues orientales, Paris. His application to accompany the French scientific expedition to Egypt in the following year was turned down, but he was successful with his request on 7 April 1830 to join the French expeditionary force as secretaire-interprete in Algeria. After the conquest of Algiers he was commissioned to prepare a report on the revenues of Alger and the Regence under the Ottomans. Shortly afterwards he retired from the military. Upon the recommendation of Silvestre de Sacy in 1834, he became professor of Arabic at Marseille, teaching the Cours arabe vulgaire. His writings include Peregrinations en Orient, ou, Voyage pittoresque, historique et politique en Egypte, Nubie, Syrie, Turquie, Grece pendant les ennees 1837-1839 (1840). He died in Montpellier on 1 January 1873. Feraud, p. 209; Peyronnet, p. 17; RA 65 (1924), pp. 472-529, RA 66 (1925), pp. 219322; Vapereau

Salles, Georges Adolphe, born in 1889 at sevres (Seine-et-Oise), he was a keeper at the Musee du Louvre and from 1945 to his retirement, director of the Musees de France. His writings include Au Louvre; scenes de la vie du musee (1950). He died in 1966. Gazette des beaux-arts 68 (December 1966), suppl. p. 24; Revue du Louvre 16 (1966), pp. 268-270; WhAm,8; WhoFr, 1955-1965/66; Who was who, 6

von Sallet, Alfred Friedrich Constantin, born 19 JUly 1842 at Reichau, Silesia, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1865 at Berlin for De Asandro et Polemone Cimmerii Bospori regibus quaestiones chronologicae et numismaticae. Since 1870 he was employed at KOnigliches MOnzkabinett, Berlin. From 1884 to his death on 25 November 1897 he was its director. He served as editor of the Zeitschrift far Numismatik. His writings include Die Nachfolger Alexanders des Grotsen in Baktrien und Indien (1879), Manzen und Medaillen (1898). ADtB, vol, 53, pp. 689-692; DtBiind (2); Thesis

Sallier, M. A., 1899-1961 see Sal'e, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Salmon, Frederick John, born in 1882, he was a sometime commissioner at the Palestine Department of Lands and Surveys as well as a member of the Advisory Council Palestine, 1935-1938. He died in 1964. Who, 1936-1963; Who was who, 6 Salmon, Georges, born in 1876, he graduated from l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris, and SUbsequently became a research fellow in I'lnstitut francais d'archeoloqle orientale, Cairo. During the last years of his life he was head of the Mission scientifique francalse au Maroc, and an honorary member of the Societe de geographie d'Oran. His writings include Etude sur la topographie du Caire Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

295 (1902), and he translated from the Arabic of Abu al-Ala' al-Ma'arrl, Un precurseur d'Omar Khayyam, Ie poet» aveugle; extraits des poemes (1904). He died from dysentery at Tanger on 22 August 1906. Archives marocaines 7 (1906), pp. 463-473; Bulletin de I'Institut fram;ais d'archeologie orientale du Caire 6 (1906), pp. 189-190

Salmon, Larry, born in 1945 at Winfield, Kan., he was a staff member successively at the City Art Museum, St. Louis, Mo., and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. He was joint author of From fiber to fine art (1980). WhoAm, 1974-1980; WhoAmA,1973-19841 Salmone, Habib Anthony, born 1 September 1860 at Beirut, he came to Britain when still a child but was educated at Patrialchal College, Beirut. He was a member of the Royal Asiatic Society since 1883, and in the following year became a lecturer in Arabic at University College, London. From 1890 to his death in 1904 he was a professor of Arabic at King's College, London. He wrote An ArabicEnglish dictionary (1890), and The fall and resurrection of Turkey (1896). Britlnd (1); Who was who, 1 Salmony, Alfred, born in 1890 at Koln, he studied at Wien and Bonn. He was a sometime curator at the Museum fur Ostasiatische Kunst der Stadt Koln. After his emigration to the United States, he was for twenty years a professor of history of Asian art at the Institute of Fine Arts in New York University. He died on Tuesday, 29 April 1958 on board the liner ile de France en route to Europe. CnDiAmJBi; Note about the author; NYT, 3 May 1958, p. 19, col. 5

Salom, Soliman (SOleyman), born in 1921, his writings include A la puertas del mondo (Madrid, 1962), Nazim Hikmet (Madrid, 1971), he edited Poetas turcos contemporeneos (Madrid, 1959), and he translated Fuzuli's Leyla y Meenan (1982). LC; NUC, 1968-72 Salom Costa, Julio, born about 1930, he received a doctorate in 1963 at the Universidad de Valencia for Espana en la Europa de Bismarck; la politica exterior de cenoves, 1871-1881. His writings include La guerra fria (1975); and he was joint author of Historia contemporenee de la Comunidad Valenciana (1990). LC Salomatshaeva, Lola Zarifovna, born 13 July 1935 at Stalinabad (Dushanbe), she graduated in 1958 from the Philological Faculty, Moscow State University, and received her first degree in 1967 with a thesis entitled )f(U3Hb u meopvecmeo xocene Ilexneeu. In 1965 she edited 1136paHHble npouseeoenHR from Hasan Dihlavi. Miliband 2 Salomon, Gershon, fl. 1967, he was a sometime Israeli political army officer who was seriously wounded in action. He studied political science and Islamic history at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and he was in 1969 an assistant lecturer at its Institute for Asian and African Studies. Note about

the author

Salomon, Richard Georg, born 22 April 1884 at Berlin, he studied at Berlin where he received a Dr.phil. in 1907 with a thesis entitled Studien zur normannisch-italienischen Diplomatik, he remained at his alma mater as a research assistant for the Monumenta Germaniae Historica. He then moved to Hamburg and engaged in research and teaching at the Kolonialinstitut and the Universitat Hamburg from 1914 until he was removed from his post by the National Socialists. After his emigration, he taught history at the University of Pennsylvania, Swarthmore, and Bryn Mawr until 1939, when he went to Kenyon College, Ohio. He retired as a professor of ecclesiastical history at Bexley Hall, the theological seminary associated with Kenyon. He died in Mercy Hospital in nearby Mount Vernon in 1966. BioHbDtE; KOrschner,1925-1935; NYT,4 February 1966, p. 31, col. 3

Salonen, Armas Immanuel, born 17 January 1915 at Ida, Japan, he was since 1939 a professor of Assyriology and Semitic philology at Helsinki University. Vern och dat, 1957-19801; WhoWor, 1971/72-1974/75 Salonen, Erkki, born 27 August 1930 at Helsinki, he received a doctorate in 1962 from the University for Untersuchungen zur Schrift und Sprache des Altbabylonischen von Susa. Since 1965 he was a lecturer in Assyyriology at the University. WhoWor, 1976/77 Salt, Alexander Edward Wrottesley, born in 1874, he attained the rank of major. His writings include Military history of the British Commonwealth (1925), Imperial air routes (1930), and The borough and honour of Weobley (1954). BLC; NUC, pre-1956 Salt, Jeremy, born 20th cent., he was a graduate of the University of Melbourne where he was from 1980 to 1986 a lecturer in modern Middle East in the Department of Middle Eastern Studies. He subsequently became a visiting scholar at Sogazigi niversitesi, Istanbul. In 1992 he was an associate professor at the Department of politics, Silkent Oniversitesi, Ankara. His writings include Imperialism, evangelism and the Ottoman Armenians, 1878-1896 (1993). LC

o

Salvador, Daniel, ca. 1830- ca. 1871 see Daniel, Francisco Salvador

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296 Salvador, Gabriel, colonel, born in 1812, his writings include De I'agitation pour la defense nationale en Angleterre (1848), and J. Salvador, sa vie, ses ceuvres et ses critiques (1881). NUC, pre-1956 Salvador-Daniel, Francisco, ca. 1830- ca. 1871 see Daniel, Francisco Salvador Salvadori-Paleotti, Massimo (Max William), born in 1908 at London, he was educated at Firenze until 1923, and from 1924 to 1929 he studied at the Universite de Geneve. He later gained a doctorate at Roma. He was a journalist and an opponent of the Mussolini regime. He later emigrated to the United States where he became successively a lecturer and professor at a variety of colleges. His writings include La penetrazione demografica europea in Africa (1932), and The rise of modern communism (1952), a work which was also translated into Italian. He died in 1992. ConAu, X, 9-12, 138, new rev., 7; DrAS, 1969, vol. 1; IndBI (1), WrDr, 1976/78-1994/96

de Salve-Villedieu, Ernest, born 18 April 1815 at Valensole (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence), he taught at the Iycee Louis-Ie-Grand, Paris, and subsequently entered the administration ecedemiaue. In 1868 he was sent on a mission to Constantinople as inspecteur general de t'universiie to organize the Galatasaray Lisesi along French methods and with French personnel and curriculum. The success was beyond expectation and it was anticipated to establish similar schools in the Ottoman Empire, particularly at Beirut and Philippopoli (Plovdiv), but the 1870 war put an end to all such French schemes. When he was replaced in 1872 by a Turkish official, he was appointed head of the Academie d'Alger, where he remained until his retirement in 1879. His writings include Manuel ti'etude« pour la section des sciences dans les tycees (1853). Lamathiere Salvy, Georges, fl. 1951-1963, he was a captain in the French colonial infantry posted to the Sahara. Salye, M. A., 1899-1961 see Sal'e, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Salz, Arthur, born 31 December 1881 at Staab, Bohemia, he studied at Berlin and MOnchen, where he received a Dr.rer.pol. for Beitrage zur Geschichte und Kritik der Lohnfondstheorie. He emigrated in 1933 by way of the U.K. to the United States where he became a professor of political economy and sociology at Ohio State University. His writings include Geschichte der bonmiscnen Industrie in der Neuzeit (1913), Das ewige Frankreich (1923), and Das Wesen des Imperialism us (1931). He died in 1963. Biographisches Handbuch der deutschen Emigration nach 1933 (1980-83); CnDiAmJBi; Deutsche biographische Enzyklopadie (1995-2000); Who was who among English and European authors (1978); Wininger

Salzman, Philip Carl, born 20 February 1940 at Baltimore, Md., he was a graduate of Antioch College and afterwards received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Chicago for Adaption and change among the Yarahmadzai Baluch. Since 1968 he was affiliated with the Department of Anthropology in McGill University, Montreal, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include When nomads settle (1980); he edited Contemporary nomadic and pastoral peoples (1982), and he was joint editor of Change and development in nomadic and pastoral societies (1981). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1976 P; Canadian, 1995-2000; DrASCan, 1983; NatFacDr, 1995-2000

Salzmann, W., born 19th cent., his writings include the booklet, Der freieTransit durch RuBland als Vorbedingung tar den deutsch-persischen Handel (Berlin, Verlag IIDerneue Orient," 1918). GV Samadov, Validzhon (Vali Samad), born 20 January 1937 at Isfar, Tajikistan, he graduated in 1961 from Leninabad State Pedagogical Institute and gained his first degree in 1975 at Dushanbe with a thesis entitled OCHo8Hbie eottpocu maO>KUKCKO-a3ep6al1o>KaHCKUX numepemyonux C8f13el1 8 XIX 8. Miliband2

EI-Samani, Mohammed Osman, 1939- see Sammani, Mohammed Osman EI Samaran, Charles Maxime Donatien, born in 1879, he gained a doctorate in law and a diploma in letters. He was an archivist-palaeographer and a sometime professor and director, l'I~cole des chartes, Paris. In 1956 he lectured at I'lnstitut des hautes etudes de Tunis. He edited Tables des dix premiers volumes de la Bibliotheque de I'Ecole des charles. He died 14 October 1982. IntWW, 1973/741983N; WhoFr, 1957/58-1983/84; WhoWor, 1974/75

Samardiic, Radovan, born 22 October 1922 at Sarajevo, he gained a doctorate in 1956 and became a professor of history at Beograd. His writlnqs include 5eoapao y Cp6uja y cnUCUMa C/JpaHlJ,ycKuX ceepenenuse (1961), MexMeo Cosonoeun (1971), nUClJ,U cpttcxe ucmopju (1976), CynejMaH u POKcenaHa (1976), and Religious communities in Yugoslavia (1981). JugoslSa, 1970 Samarrai, Alauddin Ismail, born in 1931 at Basrah, he received a Ph.D. in 1966 from the University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled Europe in the medieval Arabic sources. Since 1971 he was affiliated with the Department of History, Saint Cloud State College, Minn., a post which he still held in 1995. DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; NatFacDr,1995; Selim

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297 de Samboeuf, Louis, born 19th cent., he was a sometime lawyer in the Cour d'appel d'Alger, and in 1914 a president of the Comite du Vieil-Alger as well as the Ligue maritime. Note about the author Samhaber, Ernst Marzell, born 28 April 1901 at Valparaiso, Chile, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1922 at MOnchen. He was a business associate in Chile, and an editor in Germany. His writings include Die neuen Wirtschaftsformen, 1914-1940 (1940), and its translation, Les formes nouvelles de l'economie, 1914-1940 (1942). He died in 1974. Au&Wr, 1971; ConAu 9-12, 122; GV; IntAu&W, 1977; KDtLK, 1952, 1958; Sezgin

Samic, Jasna, born 20th cent., her writings include DTwan de Keiml (1986), a work which was originally presented in 1977 as a doctoral dissertation at the Universlte de Paris. THESAM,4 $amil, Ali, $eyh, 1797,8 or 9-1288/1871 see Shamil, Imam Samizay, Rafi, fl. 1974, he was a sometime head of the Department of Architecture, Kabul University. Certainly from 1995 to 2000 he was on the teaching staff of the Department of Architecture, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash. His writings include Islamic architecture in Herat; a study towards conservation (1981), and he was joint author of Traditional architecture of Afghanistan (1980). NatFacDr, 1995-2000 AI Samman, Tarif, born about 1941, he received a Dr.phil in 1974 at Wien for Geschichte der damaszenischen Bibliotheken, 12.-16. Jahrhundert. In 1980 he was a staff member of the department of Oriental manuscripts at the Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek. He was a joint author of the catalogues of exhibitions at the Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Wien, Kultur des Islam (1980), and Die arabische Welt und Europa (1988). LC; Schwarz EI-Sammani (Elsammani), Mohammed Osman, born in 1939, his writings include A study of central villages and their served envelopes as lower order planning units for rural development in the Sudan (1970), and Jonglei Canal; dynamics of planned change (1984). LC Sammarco, Angelo, Dr., born 14 October 1883 at Acerra (Napoli), he taught history at the Liceo italiano in Cairo since 1922 and soon afterwards became a student of the modern history of Egypt, particularly the period of Muhammad Ali. He was a member of the Societe Fouad 1er d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. His writings, based on archival material in Egypt and Italy, include La marina egiziana sotto Mohammed Ali (1931), Gli Italiani in Egitto (1937), and Suez, storia e problemi (1943). He died in Torre del Greco (Napoli) on 12 September 1948. Bulletin de I'Institutd'Egypte 31 (1949), pp. 205-207; Oriente modemo, 28 (1948), pp. 198-200

Sammut, Carmel, born 20th cent. at Tunis, he was resident in Paris since 1967, and there received a doctorate in 1973 for L'lmperialisme capitaliste irenceis en Tunisie et Ie nationalisme tunisienne, 18811914, a work which was published in 1983. THESAM,2 Samne, Georges, born 15 May 1877 at Mansurah to a Lebanese family, he lost his mother when still a child. After a short stay with the Franciscans at Tantah, he came in 1890 to the Lazarists at Anturah, where he completed his education in 1894, having jumped several years. After one year at l'Ecole de medecine de Beyrouth he went in 1895 to Paris, where he completed his medical studies. He was naturalized and remained in Paris for the rest of his life. He was awarded officier of the Legion d'honneur, and served as a director of the Office des Etats du Levant. In 1905 he established the periodical, Correspondance d'Orient. His writings include La Syrie (1920), and Raymond Pointcere; politique et personnel de la IIle Republique (1933), and he was joint author of La vie politique orientale en 1909 (1910). He died in 1938. Correspondance d'Orient, 31 (novembre/decembre 1938), pp. 507-509 Sam'o, Elias, born in 1937 at Darbasiyah, Syria, he was a 1963 graduate of Washington State University, and he received a Ph. D. in 1967 from the American University, Washington, D.C., for The Arab states in the United Nations. Since 1971 he was on the teaching staff of the Department of Political Science, Central Michigan University. His writings include The June 1967 Arab-Israeli war (1971).

AmM&WS, 1973 S; Selim

Samoilovich, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, born in 1880 at Nizhny Novgorod, he was a professor at St. Petersburg and a sometime director of the Leningrad Oriental Institute. In the 1920s he was involved in the romanization of the Turkic alphabets, visiting Khiva and Bukhara in 1921. His writings include 3anaaHbllJ Typsecme« co epeMeHu seeoeeenun apa6aMu ao uoneonscsseo eneouuecmee (1903), C06paHue cmuxomeopenuti uunepemope 5a6yp (1917), KpamKafi ylle6Hafi apaMMamUKa coepeuennoeo ocuencxo-mypeusoeo fl3blKa (1925), and he was joint editor of FlKymcKulJ cjJonbKnop (1936). He died 13 February 1938. AzarbSE, vol. 8, p. 279; BiobibSOT, pp. 254-256; GSE; Miliband; Miliband2 Samokhvalova, Vera lI'inichna, fl. 1974, her writings include Fl3blK ucsyccmee (1982), and she edited np06neMbl scmemu-tecuoeo eocnumenim e coepeMeHHoM06U(ecmee; C60pHUK cmamelJ (1988). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

298 Samolin, William, born in 1911 at N.Y.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1953 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The Turkisation of Tarim Basin up to Qara-Qytay. He held a variety of posts as a teacher of mathematics, history, archaeology, and Uralic-Altaic languages at schools and universities. ConAu 61-69; OrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 H

Samplonius, Yvonne, fl. 1963-1975 see Dold-Samplonius, Yvonne Sampson, John, born in 1862 at Skull, Ireland, he grew up in modest circumstances and trained as an engraver and lithographer. After failing to establish a printing business, he became a librarian at Liverpool for the rest of his life. He was also a Romani scholar whose writings include The wind on the heath, a gypsy anthology (1930). He died in 1931 and was buried with gypsy rites. ONB; Master (2) Sams6 Moya, Julio, fl. 1966, he gained a doctorate in philosophy and letters, specializing in Semitic languages. He became a lecturer in Arabic language and literature, specializing in history of Arabic science, at the Universidad de Barcelona, a post which held certainly throughout the 1990s. His writings include Alfonso X y los origines de la astrologfa hisoemc» (1981), and he was joint editor of Ochave espera yastrofisica (1990), and The formation of al-Andalus (1998). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; EURAMES, 1993

Samuel, Edwin Herbert Samuel, viscount, born in 1898, he first went to Palestine with the British forces under Lord Allenby in the first World War. After taking his degree at Oxford, he returned to stay for the entire Mandatory period as a member of the British Colonial Administration Service with the Palestine Government. During the second World War he held the post of chief censor, and later founded the Middle East College of Public Administration in Jerusalem. In charge of broadcasting at the time of his departure in the spring of 1948, he became a visiting professor of Middle East government and administration at the Institute for Israel and the Middle East, Dropsie College, Philadelphia, Pa. His writings include Handbook of the Jewish communal villages in Palestine (1945), Les colonies collectivistes de Palestine (1946), and The theory of administration (1947). He died in 1978. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 1-4, new rev. 2; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977; IntWW, 1974/74-1979 N; NearMEWho, 1945,1949; Note about the author; Who was who, 8; WhoWor, 1974/75; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978; WrOr, 1976-1980/82

Samuel, Horace Barnett, born in 1883, he was a member of the English bar, served in Lord Allenby's Egyptian Expeditionary Force, and later acted for a year and a half as president of the Court of First Instance as well as presiding judge in the Supreme Court of Appeal in Jerusalem. His writings include Beneath the whitewash (1930), The French default (1930), Unholy memories of the Holy Land (1930), and Revolt by leave (1936). LC; Note San Giuliano, Antonino Patern6 Castello, marchese di, born 10 December 1852 at Catania, where he was educated. He became a local and national politician as well as diplomat. His writings include La condizioni presenti della Sicilia (1896), and Briefe aber Albanien (1913). He died in Roma on 16 October 1914. Encltaliana; Who, 1908-1913; Who was who 1 Sanbar, Elias, born in 1947. His writings include Palestine, 1948; I'expulsion (1984), and Palestine, Ie pays a venir (1996). LC Sanceau, Elaine, a 20th century writer whose writings include Indies adventure (1936)), Portugal in quest of Prester John (1943), The land of Prester John (1944), and Knight of the Renaissance (1949). Sanchez Albornoz y Mendiiia, Claudio, born in 1893 at Madrid, he was an authority on medieval Spain in the Universidad de Madrid and a member of the Academia de la Historia. He was also a politician who became one of the principal leaders of anti-Franco Republicans in exile. His writings include Espana y ellslam (1943), EI "Ajbar meymu'e" cuestiones historiograficas (1944), La Espana musulmana (1946), Ellslam de Espana yel Occidente (1974), and De la Andalucia islamica a la de hoy (1983). He died in Avila in 1984. J.-L. Martin wrote, Claudio Sanchez-Albornoz (1986). AnObit, 1984, pp. 391-394; ConAu 113, 127; NYT, 10 July 1984, B-6, cols. 4-6

Sanchez Alvarez, Mercedes, born in 1946, she gained a doctorate in Romance philology, specializing in Mozarabic literature. Since the 1970s she was a professor at the Departamento Filologia Clasica y Rornanica, Universidad de Oviedo. Her writings include EI Manuscrito misceleneo 774 de la biblioteca nacional de Paris; leyendas, iterinarios de viajes, profecias sobre Ie destrucci6n de Espana y otros relatos moriscos (1982). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; Private Sanchez-Blanco, Rafael Benitez, 1949- see Benitez Sanchez-Blanco, Rafael Sanchez Bustillo, Cayetano, born 1839 or 1840 at Llanes, Spain, he was an economist, journalist, and a deputy to the first C6rtes de la Restauraci6n. His writings include La cuestion de Oriente segun los documentos diplomaticos (Madrid, 1977). He died in 1908. IndiceE3 (3)

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Sanchez Candeira, Alfonso, born early 20th cent., he wrote EI "regnum-imperium" leones hasta 1037 (Madrid, 1951). NUC, pre-1956 Sanchez Cant6n, Francisco Javier, born 14 July 1891 at Pontevedra, Spain, he was affiliated with the Museo del Prado since 1922 and served later as a professor at Granada and the Universidad Central. He was editor of the journal Archivo espenot de arte y arqueologfa. His writings include Spanish drawings from the 10th to the 19th century (1964). He was a member of the Real Academia de la Historia. He died in 1971. Archivo espanol de erie 45 (1972), pp. 79-82; DBEC; Master (1) Sanchez Martinez, Manuel, born early 20th cent., he wrote Una villa giennense a mediados del siglo

XVI; Linares (Jaen, 1975). LC

Sanchez Perez, Jose Augusto, born in 1882 at Madrid, he studied natural and exact sciences at Zaragoza, and gained a doctorate at Madrid. He subsequently taught at Baeza, Jaen, Guadalajara and Madrid In 1934 he was elected member of the Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. His writings include Partici6n de herencias entre los musulmanes del rito malequf (1914), Cuentos arabes populares (1952), La ciencia erebe en la edad media (1954), and he edited and translated from the Arabic, Compendio de algebra de Abenbeder (1916). He died 13 November 1958. a/-Andalus 23 (1958), pp. 461-463; Saenz

Sanchez de Toca, Joaquin, born in 1852 at Madrid, where he studied law and became a politician, senator, and government official. His writings include EI rescate de Roma (1897), and Regionalismo, municipalismo y centralizaci6n (1907). He died in Pozuelo de Alarcon in 1942. Espasa; Indice E3 (4) Sanchez de Toca Catala, Maria Gracia, fl. 20th cent., she was head of the Maghreb section at the Instituto de Cooperaci6n con el Mundo Arabe, Madrid. Arabismo, 1992 Sancho de Sopranis, Hip6lito, born in 1893 at Puerto de Santa Marla, where he also died in 1964. His writings include La cofradia de los Morenos de Cadiz (1940), and EI comendador Pedro de EstopifJan, conquistador de Melilla (1953). Indice E3 (1) Sandars, George Edward Russell, 1901-1985. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford, and was in the Sudan Political Service from 1924 to 1951. Who, 1974-1985; Who was who, 8 Sanders, A., pseudo see Nikuradse, Alexander Sanders, Irwin Taylor, born 17 January 1909 at Millersburg, Ky., he received a Ph.D. in 1938 from Cornell University for The sociology of a Bulgarian Shopski village. He taught at the American College, Sofia, from 1929 to 1932, and later became a professor of sociology at a variety of U.S. colleges and universities. He was awarded two honorary doctorates. His writings include Balkan village (1949), and Making good communities better (1950). AmAu&B; AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; WhoAm, 1974-2000; WhoWor, 1978

Sanders, Lloyd Charles, born in 1857, he graduated in 1880 from Christ Church College, Oxford, and became a sometime editor of The Statesman. His writings include Celebrities of the century (1887), Life of Viscount Palmerston (1888), as well as other biographies. Britlnd (1); NUC, pre-1956 Sanderson, George Neville, born 20 March 1919 at Morecambe, Lancs., he received a Ph.D. in 1958 from University College, Khartoum, for Anglo-French competition for the control of the upper basin of the Nile, 1890-1899; its development, and resolution in the Fashoda crisis. He was a sometime chairman of the Department of History in the University of Khartoum. His writings include England, Europe & the Upper Nile, 1882-1899 (1965). Sluglett; Unesco Sanderson, Gordon, born 19th cent., he wrote Types of modern Indian buildings at Delhi, Agra, Allahabad, Lucknow (1913), and A guide to the buildings and gardens, Delhi Fort, 4th ed. (1937). LC Sanderson, Lilian M. Passmore, born early 20th cent., she received an M.A. in 1961 from the University of London for A history of education in the Sudan, with special reference to the development of girls' schools, and a Ph.D. in 1968 for Education in the southern Sudan, 1898-1948. She was a teacher at Omdurman Girls' Secondary School, 1953-54; headmistress, Omdurman Intermediate School, 1954-58; headmistress, Khartoum Girls' Secondary School, 1958-62; and a sessional teacher at the University of Khartoum, 1962-63. Her writings include Against the mutilation of women (1981), Education, religion & politics in Southern Sudan, 1899-1964 (1981), and Female genital mutilation, excision and infibulation; a bibliography (1986). Sluglett Sanderval, Aime, comte de Sanderval, 1840-1919 see Olivier de Sanderval, Aime Sandes, Edward Warren Caulfield, born in 1880 at Bradford, he joined the Royal Engineers, and served in Mesopotamia from 1914 to 1916. He retired with the rank of lieut.-colonel. His writings Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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include In Kut and captivity with the sixth Indian Division (1919), Tales of Turkey (1924), The military engineer in India (1933), The Royal Engineers in Egypt and the Sudan (1937), and From pyramid to pagoda (1951). He died in 1973. Britlnd (1); Master (1); WhE&EA; Who was who, 7 Sandford, Kenneth Stuart, born in 1899, he was a reader in geology at Oxford and a geological researcher in the Nile valley and adjoining deserts from 1925 to 1933. His writings include Paleolitic man and the Nile-Faiyum divide (1929), and Paleolitic man and the Nile valley in Lower Egypt (1939). He died in 1971. Britlnd (1); WhE&EA; Who was who, 7 Sandler, Aron, born 17 January 1879 at Hohensalza (I nowrozlaw), Prussia, he studied at Berlin, Konigsberg and WOrzburg, where he received a Dr.med in 1903 with a thesis entitled Ober die Gasgangran. With the support of the German Government he founded in 1914 the JOdische Gesellschaft fur Sanltare Interessen in Palastina, Berlin. He died in Jerusalem, 24 November 1954. BioHbDtE; JUdLex; NearMEWho, 1949

Sandler, Rivanne, born 14 May 1936 at Toronto, Ont., who also wrote under her married name, Melnik. She studied at the University of Toronto, where she received her Ph. D. in 1971 for her thesis, Religion and politics under the first two Tughluqs in contemporary traditional sources. In 1967, she joined the staff of the Department of Islamic Studies at Toronto, where she remained until her retirement. Her research and writing focus on modern Persian literature and society. DrAS,1982; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; Private

Sandreczki, Carl (Charles), born early 19th cent., he was a German clergyman who went to Palestine in 1851 under the Church Missionary Society. For over twenty years he managed a hospital for children in Jerusalem, called Marienstift, which by the time of his death in 1899 had been enlarged considerably. His writings include Reise nach Mosul und durch Kurdistan nach Urmia, unternommen im Auftrag der Church Missionary Society, London, 1850, in brieflichen Mittheilungen aus dem Tagebuch (1857). Richter, p. 269 Sandri, Renato, fl. 1980, he wrote Cile; rivoluzione nella democrazia (Roma, 1972), and La sfida del Terzo mondo (Roma, 1978). LC Sands, Bedwin, pseud., 1880- see Raffalovich, George Sands, William, fl. 1961 he was a director of publications at the Middle East Institute, Washington, D.C., and an editor of the Middle East journal. Note J

Sandwith, Humphrey, born in 1822, he gained a medical doctorate and became an English army physician with a varied career in the East. His writings include Narrative of the siege of Kars (1856), its translation, Geschichte der Belagerung von Kars (1856), The Hekim-Bashi; or, The adventures of Giuseppe Antonelli, a doctor in the Turkish service (1864), a work which, under the guise of a novel, was a telling indictment of Turkish misrule; as well as the booklet, England's position with regard to Turkey and the Bulgarian atrocities (1876). He died in 1881. Bioln 4; DNB Sanger, Clyde William, born 20 November 1928 at London, he was a writer for the Manchester guardian, the Toronto Globe and mail, and the Economist. He spent seven years in Africa. His writings include Central African emergency (1960), Half a loaf; Canada's semi-role (1969), and Lotta and the Unitarian Service Committee story (1986). Canadian,1991-2000; ConAu 114, new rev. 36 Sanger, Richard Harlankenden, born 22 July 1905 at Sangerfield, N.J., he was an American Foreign Service officer. His writings include The Arabian Peninsula (1954), Where the Jordan flows (1963), and Insurgent era (1967). He died in Washington, D.C., 20 March 1979. ConAu 85-88; Shavit; Washington Post, 30 March 1979, C-4, cols. 4-6; WhAm, 7

Sangiorgi, Giorgio, born 19 September 1886 at Messina, he was an authority on minor arts. His writings include Collezione di vetri antichi dalle origini al V sec. D.C. (1914), and Contributi allo studio dell'arte tessile (1919). IndBI (1) Sanguinetti, Beniamino Raffaello, born 8 April 1811 at Modena, he studied law in Italy until 1831 when, in the wake of political conditions, he went to France. At Paris he gained a medical doctorate and qualified to practise in France. But his prime interest was Oriental languages which he studied under Caussin de Perceval and Reinaud. After he had also visited Algeria, he became a member of the Societe Asiatique and later collaborated with Charles Defrernery in the edition and translation of Ibn Batutah's Voyages (1848-1858) as well as other classical Arabic works. In 1862 he followed a call to the chair of Oriental languages at Napoli, a post which he held for two brief spells, everytime returning to Paris for reasons of health. He died in Paris on 22 June 1883. FUck p. 202; Journal asiatique 8e serie, 4 (1884), pp. 29-31

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Sanita, Giuseppe Americo, born 3 September 1912 at Collepardo (Frosinone), he gained a diploma in palaeography and a doctorate in ecclesiastic history and classical literature. His writings include La Barberia e la Sacra congregazione "de propaganda fide" (1963). Qui scrive Sanjian, Avedis Krikor, born 24 February 1921 at Maras.Turkey, and educated at the AUB and University of Michigan, where he was the recipient of the first Ph.D. in Middle Eastern studies (1956) for The Sanjak of Alexandrette (Hatay). He was at Harvard from 1957 to 1974, and concurrently since 1968, chairman of Armenian studies at UCLA, a post which he held until his retirement in 1986. His writings include The Armenian communities in Syria under Ottoman domination (1965), and A catalogue of medieval Armenian MSS in the United States (1976). He died 22 July 1995. DrAS, 1982; Middle East Center newsletter, UCLA, 16 (1996), p. 1

Sankalia, Hasmukhlal Dhirajlal, born 10 December 1908 at Bombay, he was a professor of archaeology at Deccan College, Poona, from 1939 to his retirement in 1971. He was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled Studies in Indian archaeology (1985). His writings include The University of Nalanda (1934), The archceology of Gujarat (1941), Indian archaeology today (1962), Born for archaeology; an autobiography (1978), and he was joint author of Excavations at Brahmapuri, 1945-1946 (1952). IndiaWW, 1969-19831

Sanlaville, Paul, born first half 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1973 at the Universite de Brest for Etude qeomorptiotoclque de la region littorale du Liban. In 1993 he was a directeur de recherche at the C.N.R.S. He was joint author of Les cotes de la Tunisie (1983); he edited Holocene settlement in north Syria (1985); and he was joint editor of L'homme et I'eau en Mediterranee et au Proche Orient (1981-82). EURAMES, 1993; THESAM,3 Sanneh, Lamin Ousman, born 24 May 1942 at Georgetown, Gambia, he studied at Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., University of Birmingham, Near East School of Theology, Beirut, and SOAS where he received a Ph.D. in 1974 for The history of the Jakhanke people of Senegambia; a study of a clerical tradition in West African Islam. He was successively a tutor, research scholar, lecturer, and AfricaWW, 1991, 1996; professor at Ibadan, Freetown, Legon, Aberdeen, and New Haven, Conn. NatFacDr, 1995-2000

Sanson, Henri, fl. 1967, he was a Jesuit resident in Algeria, and a sometime chercheur at the C.N.R.S. His writngs include Lai'cite islamique en Algerie (1983), Christianisme au miroir de /'islam; essai sur la rencontre des cultures en Algerie (1984), and Dialogue interieur avec /'islam (1990). Sansterre, Jean Marie, fl. 1978, he was a lecturer at the Universite libre de Bruxelles. His writings include Les moines grecs et orientaux a Rome aux epooues byzantines et carolingienne (1982). LC Sant, Carmel (Karmel), born in 1921 at Tarxien, Malta, he was an Old Testament scholar who was a sometime professor of Biblical studies, and a dean, at Malta. His writings include Old Testament interpretation of Eusebius of Caesarea (Malta, 1967). WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77 Santa Clara de Avedillo, Jose de Yanguas y Messfa, vizconde, born in 1890, he was a professor of international law, recipient of numerous awards, and a member of several learned societies. His writings include Apuntes sobre la expansion colonial y el estatuto international de Marruecos (1915), and Derecho internacional privado (1944). IndiceE 3 Santa Pinter, Jose Julio, born in 1921, his writings include Teorfa y prectice de la diplomacia (Buenos Aires, 1958), Humanismo y polftica exterior (Buenos Aires, 1959), EI servicio exterior (Buenos Aires, 1959), Carlos de Hungrfa (1982), and Los derechos de "te otre" - "te chilla" (1992). Santacroce, Paolo, born in 1945 at Ravenna, he was a sometime professor at I.A.U.V. di Venezia. His writings include Transizione 0 nuova dipendenza? L'Algeria degli anni settanta (1978), Algeria (1980), and Sviluppo economico e squilibri sociali in Polonia (1981). Santagata, Domenico, born 2 January 1812 at Bologna, he studied medicine at Bologna, 1831-1836, and chemistry, mineralogy and geology at Paris, 1839. Since 1856 he was a professor of chemistry at the Unlversita di Bologna. He died in 1901. His writings include Degli studi chimici in Italia (1847), Poretta e Ie sue terme (1867), and La Polonia (1885). Gubernatis 1 (1); NUC, pre-1956 Santamaria-Quesada, Ramiro, born 5 December 1922 at Melilla, Morocco. His writings include (,Qien es el Giani? (Tetuan, 1955), and Ifni, Sahara; la guerra ignorade (1984). He died in 1983. LC; Sezgin Santandrea, Stefano, born in 1904 at Imola, Italy, he was a missionary under the Missione dell'Africa centrale di Verona (Comboniani). His writings include Grammatichetta giur (1946), L'Africano fotografato a casa sua (1947), Bibliografia di studi africani della Missione dell'Africa centrale (1948),

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Comparative linguistics (1950), A tribal history of the western Bahr EI Ghazal (1964), and Note grammaticali e lessicali suI gruppo feroge e suI mundu (1969). Who Italy, 1958 Santelli, Serge, fl. 1983, he was joint author of Bidonville a Nanterre; etude architecurale (Paris, Ministere des affaires culturelles, Institut de I'environnnement, 1973). LC; Sezgin de Santiago Simon, Emilio, born in 1946 at Granada, he gained a doctorate in Semitic languages. He was a professor of Arabic and Islamic studies in the Universidad de Granada, specializing in Islamic mysticism and the history and art of the Nasrids of Granada. His writings include Un texto mosrisco granadino (1973), EI poligrafo granadino Ibn al-Jatib y el sufismo (1983), and he translated from the Arabic, Un fragmento de la obra de Ibn al-Sabbat sobre al-Andalus (1973). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; EURAMES, 1993

Santifaller, Leo, born 24 July 1890 at Kastelruth, Austria, he was an archivist and an historian of the middle ages, active in Bozen from 1921 to 1926, when he accepted an invitation first to Berlin and then to Breslau. In 1943 he went to Wien, where he was appointed in 1945 the first director of the newly established Osterreichisches Staatsarchiv. In 1948 he established its journal, Mitteilungen. He died on 5 September 1974. Kosch; KOrschner, 1931-1970; Mitteilungen des Osterreichischen Staatsarchivs 27 (1974), pp. 575580; Wer ist's, 1935; Wer ist wer in Osterreich, 1951

Santillana, David, born 9 May 1855 at Tunis, he studied law at London and Roma and was since 1896 a practising lawyer there and at Firenze. He spoke and wrote Arabic like a native when he received an invitation in 1911 from the Egyptian University, Cairo, to lecture in history of Arabic philosophical doctrines, a course which he gave for four consecutive academic years. His writings include Istitutzioni di diritto musulmano malichita con riguardo anche al sistema sciafiita (1925-28), and he was joint editor and translator of IrMuhtasar" 0 sommario del diritto malechita di Halil ibn Ishaq (1919). He died in 1921. Baldinetti, pp. 94-97; Encltaliana; Rivista deglie studi orientali 12 (1921-30), pp. 453-461 Santini, Pascal, born in 1908, he received a medical doctorate in 1933 at Lyon, for Les complications nerveuses de /'infection colibacillairo. In 1961 he was a medecin-cotonet and a sometime director of the Service de sante des departernents sahariens. NUC, pre-1956 dos Santos, Domingos Mauricio Gomez, 1896- see Mauricio Gomez dos Santos, Domingos de los Santos, Rufino Jiao, born in 1908 in the Philippines, he was ordained in 1931 at Roma. He was Roman Catholic archbishop of Manila since 1953, and a cardinal since 1960. He died in 1973. CurBio, 1960, 1973; WhoWor, 1974/75

de los Santos Gener, Samuel, fl. 1954, his writings include Memoria de las excavaciones del plan nacional, realizadas en Cordoba, 1948-1950 (1955). NUC, pre-1956 dos Santos Simoes, Joao Miguel, 1907-1972 see Simoes, Joao Miguel dos Santos

Santoso, Soewito (Suwito), born 28 July 1927 at Karanganom, Surakarta, he gained a Ph.D. at the Australian National University, Canberra, where he later served as a lecturer. His writings include Borobudur; an open book of stories (Canberra, Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, 1975). LC Santucci, Jean Claude, fl. 1966, his writings include Chroniques politiques marocaines, 1971-1982 (1985), and he was joint editor of Le Maghreb dans Ie monde arabe; ou, Les affinites selectives (1988), and Etat et aeveloppemem dans Ie monde arabe (1990). LC Sanz Artibucilla, Jose Marla, fl. 1935, her writings include Historia de la fidelisima y vencedora ciudad de Tarazona (Madrid, 1929-30), and Andres Marcuello, argentero de Tarazona (Tarazona, 1935).

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Sanz Fuentes, Marla Josefa, fl. 1974, she was joint author of Catalogo de documentos contenidos en los libros de Cabildo del Consejo de Sevilla (1975). LC Sanz Serrano, Amselmo, fl. 1948-1951, he was a chronicler of Teruel. His writings include Resumen hist6rico de la estadistica en Espana (Madrid, 1956), La Catedral de Cuenta (Cuenta, 1959), and Cuenta y su provincia (Barcelona, 1960). LC Sanzheev, Garma Dantsaranovich, born in 1902 at Taishin, Siberia, he gained a doctorate in 1947 at Moscow with a thesis entitled cunmekcuc eneeone B MOHaonbCKUX fl3blKax. He was an authority on Central Asian linguistics and was appointed a professor in 1935. His writings include Cunmekcuc MOHaonbCKUX fl3blKoa (1934), rpaMMamuKa KanMblLl,KOaO fl3blKa (1940), Cunmescuc 6YPflm-MoHaOabcxoeo fl3blKa (1940), rpaMMamuKa 6YPflm-MoHaonbcKoao fl3blKa (1941), nepaoHallanbHble MOHaonbcxue mescmu (1947), Cpeenumemsnen apaMMamuKa MOHaonbCKUX fl3blKoa Fneeon (1964), and he edited TJOPKo-MoHaonbcKoe fl3blK03HaHue u tponumo-pucmuxe (1960). He died in 1982. KazakSE, vol. 10, pp. 17-18; KyrgyzSE, vol 5, pp. 239-240; Miliband; Miliband 2

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Sapelo, Giuseppe, born in 1809 at Carcare di Cadibona, Italy, he was a priest who travelled in 1838 on an evangelizing mission to Massawa, Ethiopia. Until 1851 he explored the country and studied the local languages. After his return to Italy, he taught Arabic language and literature at the Universita di Genova. His writings include Assab e i suoi critici (1879), and Grammatica araba vulgare (1886). He died 25 August 1895. IndBI (7); VIA, pp. 39-40 Saphir, Eliahu, born in 1869, he was a Jewish pioneer in Palestine and a teacher of Arabic and, later, of Hebrew through the medium of Hebrew. His writings include ha-Arest (Jaffa, 1911), and Kovets mikitve (Jaffa, 1913). He died in 1911. EncJud; Sezgin Sarabskii, Azar Guseingulu fl. 1962, he was affiliated with the Insitute of Architecture and Arts, Azerbaijan Academy of Science. His writings include B03HuKHoseHue u peseumue a3ep6alJo)l(aHCKOeo MY3blKanbHoeo meampa (Baku, 1968). LC; NUC, 1968-1972 Saracoglu, Mehmed $OkrO, born in 1887 at Ooernls.Turkey, he was a graduate of the MOlkiyye, Constantinople, gained a law degree at the Universite de Lausanne, and became a close collaborator of Mustafa Kemal AtatOrk. He served as a Turkish minister of finance, and from 1942 to 1946 as prime minister. He died in istanbul, 27 Decmber 1953. AnaBrit, Bioln 1,3,11 (8); CurBio, 1942, pp. 731-733; Zurcher

Saradzhian, Pogos Arutiunovich, born 5 August 1946 at al-Salamiyah, Syria, he graduated in 1973 from the Faculty of History, Kirovokan State Pedagogical Institute, and he gained his first degree in 1984 at Erevan with a thesis entitled 50pb6a KOMMyHuCmULJeCKUX u npoepeccuenux cun Apa6cKoeo Bocmoxe se oeMoKpamulO u couuenno-nonumuveoeue npeotipezoeenun, a work which was published in 1986. Miliband 2 Sarauw, Christian Frederik Conrad, born 2 July 1824 in Schleswig/Slesvik, he served as a captain and company commander in the Danish army. He was pensioned off early, 1 January 1872, after publishing Krigen mellen Frankrig og Tyskland (Berlin 1871), a work which was also published in French and German translations. When his comrades in arms discovered that the two translations expressed different sympathies in the respective versions, their indignation lead to his dismissal. After 1872 he worked as a journalist in Berlin. In 1885 he was arrested for treason in Berlin and sentenced to twelve years in prison and loss of civil rights. He served his term at the prison in Halle, Germany. His writings include Ruf3lands kommerzielle Mission in Mlttelasien (1871), Der russich-tOrkische Krieg 1877 bis 1878 (1878), and Die FeldzOge Karl's XII (1881). He died in Kebenhavn, 29 November 1900. DanskBL2; DtBilnd (2); GV; ScBlnd (2)

Sarauw, Christian Preben Emil, born 19 September 1865 at Petersveerft, Denmark, he studied European languages, including Greek, and gained a Dr.phil. in 1900 at Kebenhavns Universitet for Irske studier. Since 1916 he was a professor of German at his alma mater. His writings include Dber Akzent und Silbenbildung in den elieren semitischen Sprachen (1939). He died in 1925. DanskBL; DanskBL2

Sarbadhikari, Pradip Ranjan, born about 1935, he received bachelor degrees at Calcutta University (1955) and LSE (1958), and a Ph.D. at the Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht in 1963 for India and the great powers. Thereafter he was a professor at the Department of Political Studies in Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ont. DrASCan, 1978, 1983 Sareen, Rajendra, born in 1927, his writings include Pakistan; the Indian factor (New Delhi, 1984). Sargizov, Lev Mikhailovich, born 14 July 1916 in Armenia, he gained his first degree in 1969 at Erevan with a thesis entitled AcCUpUlJU,bl u ecououccxut) eonpoc e eoobl nepeoti MUpOSOlJ salJHbl. His writings include AcCUpUlJU,bl cmoen 5nU)l(HeeO u Cpeoneeo Bocmoxe (1979). Milband 2 Sargsyan, E. Gh., 1913- see Sarkisian, Ervand Kazarovich Saria, Balduin, born 5 June 1893 at Pettau, Austria, he studied ancient history, archaeology and epigraphy since 1912 at Wien, and received a doctorate in 1921. He obtained his first employment in 1922 at the National Museum, Beograd. He served from 1926 to 1942 as a professor of ancient history and archaeolgy at Ljubljana, and at Graz from 1942-1945, when he was pensioned off early. He died in Graz on 3 June 1974. SlovBioL; SOdosf-Forschungen 33 (1974), pp. 319-320 Sarianidi (CapVlaHVI.QVI), Viktor Ivanovich, born 23 September 1929 at Tashkent, he gained his first degree with a thesis entitled AcjJeaHucmaH s snoxy 6POH3bl u penneeo »enese. He gained a doctorate in 1976. Since 1955 he was attached to the Archaeological Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include Pecxonru Tunns-Tene e Ceeepnou AcjJeaHucmaHe (1972), ,[JpesHue 3eMneoenbu,bl AcjJeaHucmaHa (1977), AcjJeaHucmaH; cokooeuiue 6e3blMflHHbiX u,apelJ (1983),

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Bexmu« CKa03b ueny eexoe (1984), Baktrisches Gold (1985), The golden hoard of Bactria (1985), and Iloeenocmu cmoeuu Mapayw (1990). Milband 2

Saripolos, Nikolaos loannes, born in 1817 at Larnaca, Cyprus, he grew up in the family's exile in Trieste and, in accordance with his father's wishes, went to Paris in 1836 to study medicine. After the latter's death he changed to law and gained a doctorate in 1844. In the same year he was invited to the chair of constitutional and international law at Athens University, a post which he soon had to give up for political reasons. After bar admission, he became a lawyer of the political opposition. It was not until 1862, when political fortune was reversed, that he recovered his chair of law at the university. In 1874 his public life came to end end as it had begun, in disgrace. After the fall of the government of Bulgaris, he was dismissed from office without pension, and again became a lawyer in the court of Athens. His writings include Pro Graeciae (1853), Le passe, Ie present et I'avenir de la Grece (1866), Ftoavuareta TOU XuvTaYfJaTIKOU olKalou (1874-1875), Essai politique et moral sur Thucydide (1979), and Ta ueta eavatov (1890). He died in Athens on 18 December 1887. EEE; Seances et travaux de l'Acedemte des sciences morales et po/itiques n.s., 31 (1889), pp. 432-434

Sarishvili, Edisher Rubenovich, born 26 July 1935 at Tbilisi, he gained his first degree in 1980 at Tbilisi with a thesis entitled tionemuxo-vopcponoeuuecnu: enenus R3blKa a3ep6a{}o>KaHCKa pyKOpUCU oecmene "Kep-Oem»." Since 1985 he was a lecturer at Tbilisi State University. His writings include Knuee on» LJmeHUR no mypeu,KoMo R3blKbi (1985). Milband 2 Sarkar, Benoy Kumar, born 26 December 1887 at Maida, Bengal, he graduated from Presidency College. From 1926 to 1949 he was a member of the Department of Economics, Calcutta University. His writings include A hand-book of medieval Indian history (1915), and Education for industrialization (1946). He died of a heart attack in Washington, D.C., during a lecture tour of American universities sponsored by the Institute of International Education, 24 November 1949. Eminent; NYT, 25 November 1949, p. 31, col. 2; ObitOF

Sarkar, Sir Jadunath, born 10 December 1870 at Karachmaria, Bengal, he was educated at Rajshahi and Calcutta. He served as a teacher of English and history at a variety of institutions. On his retirement from Calcutta University in 1928, he became an honorary vice-chancellor of the University. His writings include A short history of Aurangzib (1979). He died in 1958. Kiran Pawar wrote Sir Jadunath Sarkar, a profile in historiography (1985), and Anil C. Banerjee, Jadunath Sarkar (1989). Bioln 5; DNB; Eminent; Index Islamicus (8); Modem review 100 (1956), pp. 451-457; WhE&EA; Who was who, 5

Sarkar, Jagadish Narayan, born 12 September 1907 at Burdwan, India, he was a professor of medieval studies successively at Patna, Bihar, and Jadavpur universities. His writings include The life of Mir Jumla, the general of Aurangzeb (1951), and History of history-writing in medieval India (1977). He died in Calcutta on 16 November 1991. Indo-Iranica 64 (1991), pp. 79-84; IWWAS, 1975/76 Sarker, Subhash Chandra, born in 1928, he was a journalist whose writings include Indian literature and culture (Delhi, 1991). LC Sarkis, Nicolas (Niqula), fl. 1964, he gained a doctorate and became a sometime director of the Centre arabe d'etudes petrolieres in Beirut. His writings include Le petrote a I'heure arabe (1975). Sarkisian (Sarkisov), Ervand Kazarovich, born in 1913, he gained a doctorate in 1962 at Erevan with a thesis entitled 3KcnaHcuoHucmcKafi nonumnxe OCMaHcKo{} uunepuu a 3aKaaKa3be HaKaHyHe u a eoou nepaoiJ uupoept: eotinu. His writings include nOnO>KeHUe mpyoflUJ,uXCR taecc a ccepeuennoi) Typu,uu (1955), Aepepne» nonumuxe OCMaHCKoao npeeumenscmee a 3anaoHo{} ApMeHuueo emopoa nonoeune XIX a. (1957), Typu,uu u ee eexeemnuveceen nonumuke a 3aKaaKa3be 1914-1918 (1964), Vital issues in modern Armenian history (1965), and Hoeetuuen ucmopust Typu,uu (1968). Miliband; Miliband 2

Sarkissian, Arshag Ohane, born 7 February 1905 at Sivas, Turkey, he received a Ph.D. in 1934 from the University of Illinois, Urbana, with a thesis entitled The beginning of the Armenian question, 18701881. He was a research assistant at his alma mater and since 1940 a librarian at the Library of Congress. His writings include History of the Armenian question to 1855. BiDrLUS, 1970; WhoLibS, 1966 Sarkisyanz (Sarkisianz), Emanuel (Manuel), born 23 June 1923, he received a Ph.D. in 1952 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled Russian ideologies and the Messianism of the Orient, a work which was published in 1955 in German entitled Rul3land und der Messianismus des Orients. After a four-year spell of teaching in the U.S., he continued his career in 1956 at German universities. His writings include Geschichte der orientalischen Volker Rul3lands bis 1917 (1961), Suoosisien seit 1945 (1961), Asien in der Weltlage der Gegenwart (1962), and A modern history of Transcaucasian Armenia (1975). In 1987 he was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled Festschrift far Prof Manuel Sarkisyanz. KOrschner, 1961-2001 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Sarnelli, Tomasso, born in 1890 at Giugliano in Campania, he was a student of Beguinot at the Istituto Orientale di Napoli, where he also studied Berber dialects. He later became a medical official and was sent on sanitary and scientific missions to Libya and the Yemen. He is said to have contributed the chapter on Arabic medicine in a work of the Accademia d'italia entitled Caratteri e modi della cultura araba (1943). He died in Napoli on 15 December 1972. Firenze; Oriente moderno 53 (1973), p. 182 Sarnelli Cerqua, Clelia, born 20th cent., she received an M.A. in 1961 at Cairo University for Mujahir al-'Amiri. She edited Studi arabo-islamici in onore di Roberto Rubinacci (1985), and Atti del simposio internazionale, la civllte islamica e Ie scienze (1995); and she translated from the Arabic, Memorie (1919-1973) di Mohammed Negib (1976). LC Sarova, Krumka Krumova, 1924- see Sharova, Krumka Krumova Sarraut, Albert Pierre, born 28 july 1872 at Bordeaux, he gained a doctorate in law in 1899 at Paris for Le gouvernement direct en France. He started life as a journalist and was elected a depute for Narbonne from 1902 to 1924. In 1911 he entered upon a colonial career and eventually became one of the great builders of French overseas influence. He held various portfolios in French governments and served as an ambassador to Turkey, 1925-26. He was an honorary president of the Assembles de I'Union francaise. His writings include L'instruction publique et la guerre (1916), La mise en valeur des colonies ttencetses (1922), and Grandeur et servitude coloniales (1931). He died in Paris on 21 November 1962. Hommes et destins vol, 2, pp. 645-50; WhoFr, 1953/54-1961/62 Sarre, Friedrich Paul Theodor, born 22 June 1865 at Berlin, he studied history of art and gained a Dr.phil. in 1890 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled Beitrage zur mecklenburgischen Kunstgeschichte. He travelled extensively in the Middle East. He was a founder of the Islamic section in the Berliner Museen, where he became its director in 1922. His writings include Reisen in Kleinasien, Sommer 1895 (1896), Die Kunst des alten Persien (1922), and Islamic bookbindings (1923). He died in Neubabelsberg, 31 May 1945. AI-Andalus 10 (1945), pp. 462-63; Bioln 1 (3); DtBE; Index Islamicus (3); KOrschner, 1925-1940/41; Wer ist's, 1909-1935; WhE&EA

Sarrou, Hector Marie Auguste, born in 1874, he was a French army captain whose writings include La Jeune- Turquie et la revolution (Paris, 1912). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Sartain, Elizabeth Mary, fl. 1971, her writings include Jalal aI-Din al-Suyuti; biography and background (1975), a work which was originally presented as a Ph.D. thesis at Cambridge, entitled al-Tahadduth bi-Ni'mat Allah, the autobiography of Jalal aI-Din al-Suyuti. NUC,1973-1977; Sluglett; ZKO Sarton, George Alfred Leon, born 31 August 1884 at Gand (Gent), Belgium, and educated at Gand and the Internat de Chimay, he studied at the Universite de Gand where he gained a doctorate in physical sciences and mathematics in 1911 with a thesis entitled Les principes de la mecentque de Newton. He emigrated in 1915 to the U.S.A., where he became a professor of history of science. He spent the year 1931-32 in the Middle East and North Africa to study Arabic and Islam. His writings include The history of science and humanism (1931), The life of science (1948), Ancient science and modern civilization (1954), and Galen of Pergamon (1954). He died in Boston (or Cambridge) on 12 March 1956. Bioln 3, 4, 5,12,14 (30); BioNBelg 38 (1973/74), pp. 713-733; DAB, S 6; DcScB; Isis 76 (1985), pp. 487-

499; Master (6); NatCAB, YOI. 45, pp. 430-431; WhAm, 3

Sarybaev, Shora Shamgalievich, born 2 March 1925 at Tashkent, he gained a doctorate in 1974. His writings include 5u6nuoapaepu4ecKuu YKa3amenb Ka3axcKoMY fl3blK03HaMHUlO (1956), Kesexcxe» peeuonenune» neKcuKoapaepufi (1976), and he was joint editor of Peseumue «esexcsoeo coeemcxoeo fl3blK03HaHUfi (1980), Qazaq tilindegi aimaqlyq erekshelikter (1990), and Zhanga ataular (1992). KazakSE, YOI. 10, p. 40

Sarychev, S. S., fl. 1969, his writings include BocmoKoseabl BenuK06pumaHuu; 6uo6u6nuoapaepu4eCKU[J cnpeeovnu« (1978). LC Sas-Zaloziecky, Wladimir Roman, born 10 July 1896 at Lemberg, Austria-Hungary, he came with his family to Wien, when he was still young. He studied fine art, classical archaeology, and history at Wien, Berlin, and Praha, and he taught at Lemberg, Wien and Graz. He travelled extensively in the Balkans and the Near East. His writings include Byzanz und Abendland im Spiegel ihrer Kunsterscheinung (1936), Die Sophienkirche in Konstantinopel (1936), and Die byzantinische Baukunst in den Balkanlandern und ihre Differenzierung unter abendlandischen und islamischen Einwirkungen (1955). He died 12 October 1959. KOrschner, 1954; SOdost-Forschungen 19 (1960), pp. 394-395; Teichl; Who's who in Austria, 1954-1957/58

Sass, Benjamin, born in 1948 at Jerusalem, he received a Ph.D. in archaeology from Tel Aviv University. His writings include The genesis of the alphabet and its development in the second millenium B.C.

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Sassoon, Sir Philip Albert Gustave David, born in 1888, he was a sometime M.P. and Under-Secretary of State for Air and affiliated with art galleries. His writings include The third route (1929), its translation, La troisieme route (1930), and Porcelain through the ages (1934). He died in 1939. DNB; EncJud; Who was who, 3; Wininger

Dorothea, fl. 1959, her writings include Bibliografia agricola romene agricultural bibliography (Bucuresti, 1971).

Sasu-~imerman,

= Romanian

Satchell, John E., he was affiliated with the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Merlewood Research Station, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, U.K. His writings include The effects of recreation on the ecology of natural landscapes (1976), Earthworm ecology; from Darwin to vermiculture (1981), and he was joint author of A bibliography of earthworm research (1981). Sathar, Zeba Ayesha, fl. 1978, he was a sometime research demographer in the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, an author of Differentials in contraceptive use (1984), and joint author of Age and date reporting (Voorburg, 1984), and Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the population in Pakistan (1984). Note Satpaev, Kanysh Imantaevich, born in 1899, he was a geologist whose writings include J.136paHHble cmemsu 0 HayKe u Kynbmype (1989). He died in 1964. LC Sattarov, Gumar Faizovich, he gained a doctorate in 1975 at Kazan with a thesis entitled AnmponomOHUMUR Temeooxot) ACCP. His writings include Tatar antroponimikasy (Kazan, 1990). LC Sattarov, Tel'man Sattarovich, born 5 December 1940 in Kazakhstan, he graduated in 1963 from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent State University, where he gained a doctorate in 1981 with a thesis entitled

Hecpm» u 60pb6a apa6cKue cmpeu 30Hbl tleocuocsoeo senuee se 3KOHOMUlJeCKIO ceuocmonmensuocms u couuensnue npoeoecc. His writings include Hec/Jmb u enmuuuneouenucmu-ecees 60pb6a, 1960-1970 e. (Tashkent, 1974). Miliband 2

Satter, David, born 1 August 1947, his writings include Age of delirium; the decline and fall of the Soviet Union (1996). LC Satzinger, Helmut, born 21 January 1938 at Linz, Austria, he gained a doctorate in 1963 at Wien with a thesis entitled Die negativen Konstruktionen im Alt- und Mittelagyptischen. He was a sometime director of the Agyptisch-Orientalische Sammlung, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien. His writings include Neuagyptische Studien (1976). KOrschner, 1980-2001; Schwarz; Who's who in Osterreich, 1983 Sauer, Franz, born 15 August 1906 at Leibnitz, Austria, he received a Dr.theol. in 1946 at Graz for Das babylonische Weltschopfungsepos Enuma Elis. He was a professor of Biblical studies and Oriental languages at Graz. He was a director of the Graz branch of the Hammer-Purgstal-Gesellschaft. On his seventieth birthday he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Memoria Jerusalem (1977). DtBilnd (2); KOrschner, 1950-19921; Schwarz

Sauer, Georg Heinrich, born 12 September 1926 at Altenschonbach, Germany, he received a doctorate in divinity in 1961 from the Unlversltat Basel for Die strafende Vergeltung Gottes in den Psalmen. Since 1962 he was a professor of Old Testament studies at Wien. He was joint editor of Jordanien; auf den Spuren alter Kulturen (Innsbruck, 1985). In 1992 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Zur Aktualitat des Alten Testaments.

KOrschner, 1966-1996;

Sezgin;

WhoAustria, 1977/78, 1982/83;

Who's who in

Osterreich, 1983; WhoWor, 1980/81

Sauer, James A., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 at Harvard for The stratification and pottery of Tell Hesber: His writings include Hesbon pottery, 1971; a preliminary report on the pottery from the 1971 excavations at Tell Hesben (1973). NUC, 1973-1977 Sauget, Joseph Marie, born early 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Biblioteca vaticano. His writings include Bibliographie des liturgies orientales (Roma, 1962), Premieres recherches sur I'origine et les cerectettstiques des synaxaires melkites (Bruxelles, 1969), Un cas ires curieux de restauration de manuscrit; Ie Borgia syriaque 39 (Citta del Vaticano, 1981), and Deux panegyrika melkites pour la seconde partie de t'ennee liturgique (Citta del Vaticano, 1986). LC Saugon, Maurice Joseph Lucien, born 4 January 1875, he gained a diploma in law and subsequently studied at I'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris. He served from 1896 to 1926 variously as dragoman, interpreter, and consul in Smyrna, Tehran, Jerusalem, Tabriz, Odessa, Warszawa, and

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Hamburg. His writings include Commerce de la Perse avec les pays etrangers pour l'ennee 1912 (1914). IndexBFr2 (1) de Sauley, Louis Felicien Joseph Caignant, born 19 March 1807 at Lille, he was a graduate of l'Ecole polytechnique and l'Ecole d'application de l'Artillerie et du Genie de Metz, where he was a professor of mechanics and artillery from 1835 to 1841, when he was appointed keeper at the Musee d'artillerie de Paris. He was awarded chevalier of the Legion d'honneur in 1844, and officier three years later. He visited Palestine in 1853 and 1860, performing the first modern excavations of a Palestinian site. His writings include Numismatique des croisades (1847), and Voyage autour de la mer Morte et dans les terres bibliques (1853), and its translation, Narrative of a journey round the Dead Sea (1854). He died in Paris, 3 November 1880. BiD&SB; IndexBFr2 (1); Egyptology; Embacher; Index Islamicus (3); Vogel

Sauldie, Madan M" fl. 1970, he was educated in the Punjab and Delhi, and gained an M.A. in economics and a diploma in journalism. In 1982 he was working as a senior editor in the Africa service of the German radio, Deutsche Welle. His writings include Ethiopia (1982), and Super powers in the Horn of Africa (1987). LC Saulle, Maria Rita, fl. 1977, her writings include NATO and its activities; a political and juridical approach on consultation (1979), she was joint author of Codice del movimento dei capitali (1989), she edited Insegnamento e ricerche sui diritti fondamentali in Italia (1990), Codice intern azion ale dei diritti del minore (1992), its translation, The rights of the child (1995), and La convenzione dei diritti del minore e I'ordinamento italiano (1994). LC Saunders, Harold Henry, born 27 December 1930 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was a graduate of Princeton and received a Ph.D. in 1956 from Yale University. He was a government official in the U.S. Department of State, and from 1978 to 1981 an assistant secretary for Near East and South Asia. His writings include Peace in the Middle East agreed at Camp Davis (1978), and The other walls (1991). WhoAm, 1978/79-1988/89; WhoAmP, 1981-1999/2000; WhoSSW.1973/74-1976/77

Saunders, J. P., he was in 1846 a commander of the Honourable Company's brig Palinurus.

BLC

Saunders, John Joseph, 1910-1979. His writings include The age of revolution (1947), A history of medieval Islam (1965), The Muslim world on the eve of Europe's expansion (1966), Aspect of the crusades (1968), A history of the Mongol conquests (1971), and Muslims and Mongols (1977). LC Saunders, Lucie Wood, born in 1928, she was in 1995 a professor of anthropology at CUNY, Lehman College, Bronx. She was joint author of the booklet, An exploratory analysis of income-generating strategies in contemporay Egypt (1986). LC; NatFacDr, 1995 Saunders, Sylvia, afterwards Latimer-Voight, born in St.Helens, Isle of Wight, she was educated in France. She travelled extensively in Europe and Russian Central Asia, where she spent six months, studying the language and the effects of the Soviet Government there. During this time she was able to spend a few weeks in Turkestan and the Caucasus. Britlnd (1); Note Sauneron, Serge Louis, born 3 January 1927 at Paris, he was educated at the Lycee Henri-IV, the Faculte des lettres de Paris and the Ecole normale superieure, and gained a doctorate. From 1950 to his death he was affiliated in a variety of capacities with the Institut francais d'archeoloqie oriental du Caire. His writings include Les pretres de I'ancienne Egypte (1957), its translation, The priests of ancient Egypt (1960), and Nous partons pour I'Egypte (1976). He was killed in a car accident in Egypt in the summer of 1976. Egyptology; WhoFr, 1971/72-1975/76 Sauranbaev, Nigmet Tnalievich (Tlnali oly), born 5 May 1910 in Central Asia, he gained a doctorate in philology in 1943, and was appointed a professor in the same year. His writings include PYCCKOKa3aXCKUU cnoeeps (1954), and np06neMbi Ka3aXCK080 fl3b1K03HaHUfl; u36paHHbie mpyabl (1982). He died in Almaty, 17 November 1958. Kessxcxe»CCP KpamKafl3HLJ,UIBL; Teichl; Who was who, 4

Say, Horace Emile, born in 1794 at Noisy near Paris, he studied at Geneve and then entered the family enterprise. After a splendid marriage, he pursued a career in public life. His writings include Rapport sur Ie commerce entre la France et l'Angleterre (1835). He died in 1860. Index BFr2 (2); WhoEc; WhoEc 86 Say, Jean Baptiste Leon, born in 1826 at Paris, he was a politician and a sometime depute and sen ateur. He was a strong opponent of socialism, which he denounced as the worst of social evils. His writings include Economie sociale (1891), Contre Ie socialisme (1896). He died in Paris in 1896. CelCen; Index BFr2 (11); WhoEc; WhoEc 86

Say, Louis Jean Baptiste, born 30 January 1852 at Nantes, he completed classical studies in 1869 and then passed through l'Ecole navale. He subsequently sailed the seven seas to 1875, when he had the opportunity to accompany Victor Largeau on his second journey to the Tripolitanian Sahara. During subsequent Saharan crossings he gained a reputation as an explorer. In 1876/77 he travelled in the Algerian Sahara with Fernand Foureau. But his interest gradually changed from the adventure of exploration to colonization and he became involved in the development of the trans-Saharan railway project, and later, in the establishment of a Morrocan port at the Mediterranean coast. Endowed with

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extraordinary private means, he founded Port-Say, a project which fully occupied him to his early death in Port-Say in 1915. Hommes et destins, vol. 8, pp. 432-434 Sayar., Sabri F., born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from Columbia University for Party politics in Turkey. He was a professor of political science at Bogazici Oniversitesi, Bebek, Istanbul, 1976, and, much later, a consultant to the Rand Corporation in the U.S.A. He held visiting and research appointments at a number of European and American academic institutions. His writings include Parlament demokrasilerde koalisyon hOkOmetleri(1980). Note about the author Sayee, Archibald Henry, born in 1845 or 1846, he was educated at Bath and Oxford, where he served as a professor of Assyriology for nearly twenty years. In the winter of 1908/9 he visited the Sudan and helped the Condominium Government to formulate its policy on the excavations and preservation of antiquities. His writings include Ancient empires of the East (1883), and its translation, Alte Denkmaler im Lichte neuer Forschungen (1886). He died in 1933. AnaBrit; BbD; BiD&SB; CelCen; Dawson; DNB; Egyptology; Master (4); Who was who, 3

Saydon, Pietru Pawel (Peter Paul), Mgr., born in 1895 on Malta, he studied at the Universita Rjali ta' Malta, and gained a doctorate of divinity at the Istituto Biblico, Roma. His alma mater later awarded him an honoray doctorate (D.Utt.) He was joint author of The development of Maltese as a written language and its affinities with other Semitic tongues (Valetta, 1928). BLC; Mifsud el-Sayed, Abdel Aziz, born in 1907 in Egypt, he was a teacher and professor of mathematics in Egypt, and a sometime president of Alexandria University and minister of Education. WhoArab, 1971/72, 1981 Sayeed, Khalid Bin, born 20 November 1926 at Bellary, India, he was educated at Madras (B.A., M.A.), LSE (B.Sc.), and McGill University, Montreal (Ph.D.) He held teaching and research positions at Dacca, McGill University, and Duke University. From 1961 until his retirement in 1993 he was a professor of political studies at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. His writings include Arabs and the West (1957), Pakistan, the formative phase (1961), The political system of Pakistan (1967), Politics in Pakistan (1980), Western dominance and political Islam; challenge and response (1995). Canadian, 1995; ConAu, 25-28; DrASCan, 1978

Sayegh (Sayigh), Fayez Abdullah, born in 1922 in Syria, he wrote Der zionistische Kolonialismus in Palastina, die Vereinten Nationen und die Palastinafrage (1968). He died in 1980. Bioln 12; ConAu 9-12, 102; CurBio,1957; Biography and genealogy master index (3); Muslim world, 76 (1896), pp. 67-79; Who's who in the Arab world, 1978/79; Who's who in the United Nations and related agencies, 1975

Sayf'pur Fatimi, Nasr Allah, d. 1990 see Fatemi, Nasrollah Saifpour Sayigh, Rosemary, born 15 March 1927, she was for over twenty years a researcher and journalist in Lebanon, and a sometime Beirut correspondent of The Scotsman as well as an editor of the Middle East forum. Her writings include The Palestinians; from peasants to revolutionaries (1979). LC; Note Say.h, Mehmet AydIn, born 2 May 1913 at Constantinople, he was educated at Ankara and received a Ph. D. in 1942 from Harvard University for The institutions of science and learning in the Moslem world. Returning to Turkey in 1943, he had a long and distinguished career in the college of letters, and later at the Dil ve Tarih-Coqrafya FakOltesi, Ankara. He rose rapidly to full professor, and just ten years later was appointed to the newly established independent chair of history of science. He held this chair for thirty years to his retirement in 1983. His writings include The observatory in Islam (1960), and he edited Ibn Sina; dogumunun bininci ylll ermeqem (1984). He died in 1993. Archives internationa/es d'histoire des sciences 45 (1995), pp. 135-148; MESA bulletin 28 (1994), pp. 303-304; Selim

Saymen, Ferit Hakkr, born in 1910, he gained a doctorate in 1940 at Istanbul Oniversitesi with a thesis entitled Manevi zarar ve tazmini sureti. In 1960 he was a professor of private and labour law at Y stanbul. His writings include TOrk i§ hukuku (1954), and he edited TOrkhukuk kronigi (1943-44). Note about the author; NUC, pre-1956

FOrstzu Sayn Wittgenstein Berleburg, Emil, born in 1824 at Darmstadt, he joined the army and rose to the rank of major in 1845. After he was pensioned off early for political reasons, he went to Russia, where he participated in the campaigns in the Caucasus. He returned home a lieutenant-general in poor health and died in 1878. ADtB; DtBilnd (1); Sezgin Sayous, Andre Emile, born 1873 at Nice, or Paris, he gained a doctorate in law in 1898 at Paris with a thesis entitled Les bourses allemandes de valeurs et de commerce et les lois principales des 22 juin et 5 juillet 1896. He was a professor at l'Ecole des hautes etudes sociales, and a director of the Federation des industriels et des comrnercants francais. His writings include Le commerce des Europeens a Tunis depuis Ie XI/e steele a la fin du XVle (1929). IndexBFr2 (1); LC; NUC, pre-1956

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Sayous, Edouard Auguste Christian, born in 1842 at Geneve, he gained two doctorates in 1866 at Paris with theses entitled De epistelis sive Sancti Bonifacii sive ad Sanctum Bonifacium, and La France de Saint Louis d'epres la poesie nationale. He was a professeur of history at the Lycee Charlemagne, Paris, until his resignation in 1876, when he began to study theology. After gaining a doctorate of divinity in 1882, he lectured at l'Acadernie de Montauban. His writings include Histoire generale des Hongrois et de leur tiuereture politique de 1790 a 1815 (1872), and Jesus Christ d'eores Mahomet (1880). He died in Nice in 1898. IndexBFr2 (2); Pallas; RNL al-Sayyad, Muhammad Mahmud, M.A., Ph.D., born in 1916, he was in 1953 a professor at Fouad I University, Cairo, and in 1971, at Ayn Shams University. His writings include Iqtisadiyat aI-Sudan (1957), aI-Nil al-khalid (1962), and 'An al-Jumhuriyah al-'Arabiyah al-Muttahidah (1970). LC Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi see Marsot, al-Sayyid Afaf Lutfi Sazonova, Mariia Vasil'eva, fl. 1970, her writings include Tpeouuuonuoe X03f1UCmBO y36eKoB fI>KHOaO Xope3Ma (1978), and she was joint editor of Tpeouuuonne» ooe>Koa nepoooe CpeoHeu A3UU u Kesexcmene (1989). LC Sbarounes (Sbarounis), Athanasios Ioannou, born in 1892, he received a doctorate in 1933 from the Universite de Lausanne with a thesis entitled L'imp6t sur Ie revenue en Grece. His writings include the translation of his thesis, ocoooo TOU £laOOIJ.1aTOa sv EAAaol (1935), Ftvuan vpauua! CPOPOAOYIKf]~ TToAITIKf]~ (1935), Project of a Turkish-Hellenic customs and economic union (1954), and l!J£J.10aia OiKOVOJ.1IKJ7 (1955-1962). NUC, pre-1956 Sbath, Paul, born 11 January 1887 at Aleppo, where he was educated at the College des Peres Franciscains. He later entered the Society of Jesus and was ordained in 1909. From 1909 to 1922 he was a professor of Arabic literature successively at l'Ecole arrnenienne d'Alep and the Seminaire des Peres Benedictines at Jerusalem. He spent the last twenty-three years of his life at Cairo, during which time he edited numerous classical Arabic texts. He died 20 October 1945. Bioln 1; BUlletin de I'Institut d'Egypte 28 (1948), pp. 55-71

Sbih (Sbihi), Missoum, born in 1931, he received a doctorate in 1977 from the Universite de Paris I with a thesis entitled Les institutions administratives du Maghreb. He was a participant in the Evian negotiations of 1962, and later entered the Algerian diplomatic service. His writings include L'administration publique elqertenne (1973). AfricaWW,1996; IntYB, 1998; THESAM,1 Scaduto, Mario, fl. 1958, he wrote /I monachismo basiliano nella Sicilia medievale (Roma, 1947). von Scala, Arthur, born 14 December 1845 at Wien, he studied at the Handelsakademie, and Polytechnisches Institut, Wien. He was a government official and successively director of Orientalisches Museum, and founding director of Osterreichisches Museum fur Kunst und Industrie. His writings include Oriental carpets (1892-96), and Ancient Oriental carpets (1906-08). He died in Lana, 26 September 1909. DtBE; aBL von Scala, Rudolf, born 11 July 1860 at Wien, he was a professor of ancient history at the Universitat Innsbruck from 1897 to 1917, when he was invited to a chair at Graz. His writings include Die Staatsvertrage des Altertums (1898), and Das Griechentum in seiner geschichtlichen Entwicklung (1915). He died in Graz, 19 December 1919. Kosch; aBL; Sezgin; Werist's, 1912 Scalabre, Camille Francois Albert, born 7 April 1910 at Malo-Ies-Bains (Nord), he studied private and public law at Paris, and subsequently became an official at the Ministers des Affaires Etrangeres and an ambassador. Since 1972 he served as a consul-general at Beirut. WhoFr, 1967/68-1979/801 Scaliger, Joseph Justus, born in 1540 at Agen, France, he studied classics at Bordeaux, and Oriental languages at Paris. He was one of the most learned men of his age. In 1578 he became a professor at Leiden, a position which he held to his death in 1609. BbD; EncAm; EncBrit; GdeEnc; FOck, pp. 47-53;

Master (12); Meyers; NieuwNBW, vol. 5, cols. 660-667

Scandura, Antonino, born 11 September 1904 at Catania, Sicily, he gained doctorates in trade and commerce as well as in law in 1925 and 1927 respectively. He also studied Islamic law at Cairo University. He was a colonial official. His writings include Codice della caccia (1956), Lo Stato moderno e la pubblica amministrazione (1962), and Contratti agrari (1970). Unesco; Vaccaro Scanlon, George Thomas, born in 1926, he received a Ph. D. in 1959 from Princeton University for a translation and edition of Tafrij al-kurub fi tadbir al-hurub. He was affiliated with the American Research Center in Cairo. His writings include Fustat expedition final report (1986), he edited and translated from the Arabic, A Muslim manual of war (1961), and he collaborated with the publication of A bibliography of the architecture, arts and crafts of Islam, second supplement (1984). Selim Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Scaparro, Mario, fl. 1933, his writings include I collegi artigiani nell'epoca romana (Tripoli, 1931), Ordinamento sindacalo corporativo della Libia (Tripoli, 1937), and" libretto di lavoro in Libia (1938). Scarabel, Angelo, born 18 September 1948 at Auronza, Italy, he studied at the Universlta di Roma, and received a doctorate in 1974. He specialized in Sufi literature and doctrines, and was affiliated with the Istituto per l'Oriente, Roma. In 1994 he was an associate professor of Arabic at the Universita di Venezia. Private Earl of Scarbrough, 11th, Lawrence Roger Lumley, 1896-1969 see Lumley, Lawrence Roger Scarce, Jennifer Mary, born 22 November 1938 at Morden, Surrey, she had a lifelong career as curator of Eastern culture at the Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, specializing in the material culture of the Islamic world, Central Asia, and the Balkans. She retired in 2001. Her writings include The evolving culture of Kuwait (1985), and Women's costume of the Near and Middle East (1987). Directory of BRISMES mem-bers, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; Private; Schoeberlein

Scarcia, Gianroberto, born 11 March 1933 at Roma, he completed his study, mainly law, at the Universita di Roma in 1955, and subsequently became a lecturer in Italian at an Iranian university. From 1958 to 1963 he was affiliated with the Accademia dei Lincei di Roma and also served as an Iranian editor of the journal, Oriente moderno. He was successively an assistant in Islamic studies at the Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli and the Unlversita di Roma from 1959 to 1967, when he was appointed a lecturer in Persian language and literature at the Universita di Ca' Foscari, Venezia. Since 1977 he was director of the Seminario di Iranistica e Uralo-altistica. His writings include Storia della letteratura turca (1971); he translated from the Persian of Darwish Muhammad Khan Ghazi, Cronaca di una crociata musulmana contro i Kafiri di Lagman nell'anno 1582 (1965), and from Mirza Aqa Tabrizi, Tre commedie (1967); he was joint author of Le arti nell'is/am (1990); and he edited Lo spirito del testa; saggi e lezioni di litteratura russa, 1965-1989 (1993). BioB 134; Who Italy, 19801 Scarcia Amoretti, Biancamaria, fl. 1963, she was a sometime professor of Islamic studies at the Universita di Roma. Her writings include Toleranza e guerra santa nell'is/am (1974), " mondo dell'/s/am (1981), and she was joint editor of " Mondo is/amico tra interazione e acculturazione (1981), and Yad-Name in memoria di Alessandro Bausani (1991). LC; Wholtaly,19801 Scarin, Emilio, born 30 December 1904 at Udine, he was a professor of geography at the Unlversita di Genova, and an editor of Annali di ricerche e studi di geografia. He made several study missions to North Africa. His writings include La Giofra e Zelia (Firenze, 1938), " movimento demografico della Libia orientala nel1934 (Firenze, 1938), L'insediamento umano nella Libia orientale (Roma, 1940), and Hererino, ricerche e studi geografici (Firenze, 1942). Chi 13, 1948-1961; Chi scrive; Vaccaro Scatcherd, Felicia Rudolphia, born 19th cent. After the death of her parents, to whom she devoted her early life, she travelled widely, visiting the Balkans, Turkey, and Egypt. It was then that she became intimately associated with the Humanitarian League. She was international in her comprehension of the psychology of other peoples - she had mastered colloquial French - and regarded the British Empire as the greatest living force in world peace. But she was little interested in politics except when she saw in them the promotion of great principles and ideals. She was from 1916-1919 the sole editor of the Asiatic review. She died 21 March 1927. Asiatic review 23 (1927), pp. 191-192; Who was who, 2 Seelie, Georges Auguste Jean Joseph, born 19 March 1878 at Avranches (Manche), he received a doctorate in 1906 at Paris for Histoire politique de la traite negiere aux Indes de Castille. He was successively a professor of law at Sofia, Lille, Dijon, Geneve and Paris from 1907 to 1950, and for many years secretary general of the Academie de Droit International de la Haye. His writings include Manuel de droit international public (1948). He died 8 January 1961. DBFC, 1954/55; NYT, 12 January 1961, p. 29, col. 4; Qui etes-vous, 1924; WhoFr, 1953/54-1959/60

Scerrato, Umberto, fl. 1956, his writings include Arte is/amica a Napoli (1967), Islam (London, 1976), and its translations into German (1976), and French (1977); he was joint editor of Gli Arabi in Italia (1979). Schaade, Arthur, born 19 August 1883 at Thorn, Prussia, he studied Oriental languages at MOnchen, Berlin, and Leipzig where he received a Dr.phil. in 1908 for Die Kommentare des SuhailTund des Aba Qarr zu den Uhud-Gedichten in der STra des Ibn Hisam. From 1906 to 1910 he was in Leiden as an editor of the Enzyklopadie des Islam, and, concurrently during the last years, also a lecturer at the Rijksuniversiteit. In 1911 he returned to Germany, received his second doctorate at Breslau for Sibawaihi's Lautlehre, and became a lecturer in Semitic languages as well as Persian and Turkish at Breslau. In 1913 he went to Egypt as director of the Viceroyal Library until dismissed on the eve of the war. In 1917 he came as an interpreter to Palestine, Syria, and Anatolia. From 1919 to his death on

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22 October 1952 he was a professor of Semitic languages at the Universltat Hamburg.

Der Islam 31

(1953), pp. 69-75; KOrschner,1926-1950; Schwarz

Schaar, Julien Charles, born in 1848, he was affiliated with the Societe beige d'etudes et d'expansion, and in 1916 a lawyer, resident in Heliopolis, Egypt, and a member of the Societe sultanieh d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation. His writings include Les banques populaires ou les societes cooperatives de credit en Belgique (Bruxelles, 1878), and Etude sur les capitulations et les tribunaux mixtes d'Egypte (Liege, 1914). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Schaar, Stuart H., born 26 September 1937, he received a Ph. D. in 1966 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled Conflict and change in nineteenth century Morocco. Since 1969 he was a professor of history at Brooklyn College, CUNY, a position which he still held in 2000. DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995-2000; Selim

Schabert, Peter, he received a Dr.phil. in 1974 from the Universltat Erlangen with a thesis entitled Laut- und Formenlehre des Maltesischen anhand zweier Mundarten. Schwarz Schabinger Freiherr von Schowingen, Karl Emil, 1877-1967 see von Schowingen, Karl Emil Schachermeyr, Friedrich (Fritz), born 10 January 1895 at Linz, Austria, he studied at Graz, Berlin, Wien, and lnnsbruck, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1920 with a thesis entitled Aegais und Vorderasien in ihren Beziehungen zu Aegypten. He was successively a professor of Greek antiquities at Jena, Heidelberg, Graz, and Wien. In 1961 the University of Athens awarded him an honorary doctorate. His writings include Hethiter und Acbeer (1935), Indogermanen und Orient (1944), and Alexander der Grotse (1949). He died in Eisenstadt, 26 December 1987. DtBE; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77 Schacht, Joseph, born 15 March 1902 at Ratibor, Prussia, he studied Oriental languages, with special reference to Semitics, Turkology, and Islamic subjects, at Breslau, Leipzig, and Freiburg im Breisgau, where he began his academic career. He held the chair of Oriental studies at Konigsberg from 1932 to 1934, when he emigrated, first to Egypt, and then to England. He is best remembered for his studies in Muslim law: Der Islam, mit AusschluB des Qor'ans (1931), The origins of Muhammadan jurisprudence (1950), and Introduction of Islamic law (1964). He died in Englewood, N.J., 1 August 1969. BioHDDtE; DrAS, 1969 F; DtBE; IJMES 1 (1970), pp. 190-191; Index Islamicus (6); Schwarz; Who was who, 6 Schachter-Shalomi, Zalman M., born 28 August 1924 at Zolkiew, Poland, he received an M.A. from Boston University and a doctorate from the Hebrew Union College in 1968. In 1956 he was appointed a professor of Judaic studies, and later chairman of department, at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. His writings include Spiritual intimacy (1991), Paradigm shafit (1993), and he was joint author of Sparks of light (1983). In 1993 he was honoured by Worlds of Jewish prayer, a festschrift in honor of Rabbi Zalman M. Schachter-Shalomi. DrAS, 1969, 1974 P; WhoWorJ,1965 Graf von Schack, Adolf Friedrich, born 2 August 1815 at the family estate BrOsewitz, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, he studied law, Oriental languages, and literature at Bonn, Heidelberg, and Berlin, and was subsequently employed in the Berlin supreme court of justice from 1838 to 1839, when he resigned in order to travel. In 1840 he accompanied his Grand Duke on a journey to the East. From 1855 to 1858 he spent at the court of the King of Bavaria. Thereafter he pursued an interest in writing as well as Spanish and Arabic literature. He also translated works of Firdawsi. His writings include Poesie und Kunst der Araber in Spanien und Sizilien (1865), its translation, Poesia yarte de los erebes en Espana y Sicilia (1988), Nachte des Orients (1874), and Orient und Occident (1890). He died in Roma, 14 April 1894. DtBE; DtBilnd (7); Master (2); Sezgin von Schack, Alard Waldemar Dodo Maximilian Gisbert Otto, born 4 February 1914 at Berlin, he received a Dr.jur. in 1937 at Freiburg im Breisgau with a thesis entitled Die Grenzen der wahldeutigen Feststellung im Strafrecht. He was a lawyer, judge, and author of Der Maghreb, Nachbar Europas; ReiseeindrOcke (1986). KDtLK, 1988; KOrschner, 1952; Sezgin; Wer ist we" 1955-19861 Schack, William, born 3 August 1898 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he was a chemist, and for three decades also a journalist and editor of the variety of New York publications. For a year he lived in Palestine. His writings include Israeli paintings after twenty-five years (1953). He died in Jerusalem, 19 November 1988. ConAu 128; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972 Schaeder, Hans Heinrich Georg Wilhelm, born 31 January 1896 at Gottingen, he received a Dr.phil. in 1919 at Breslau for Hasan von Basra; ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des frOhen Islam. He was an ivory tower Islamic scholar who showed no inclination to visit the East or socialize with Orientals. "His interests were very catholic, but he was no theologian and had a rather secularized mind in his younger years (he became a Roman Catholic after the second World War). In those years, he was a brilliant scholar who combined Arabic and Hebrew with Persian studies" (R. Walzer). His writings include Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

315 Iranische Beitrage (1930). He died in Gottinqen, 13 March 1957.

DtBE; KOrschner,1925-1954; Schwarz;

Wer ist's, 1935

Schaefer, Arnold Dietrich, born 16 October 1819 at Seehausen near Bremen, he studied philology and history at Leipzig. After some years of secondary school teaching, he was successively appointed a professor of history at Greifswald and Bonn His writings include Demosthenes und seine Zeit (185658), and Abrif3 der Quellenkunde der griechischen Geschichte (1867). He died in Bonn, 19 November 1883. Bonner 7 (1968), pp. 170-189; DtBE Schaefer, Carl Anton, born 19 July 1890 at ZweibrClcken, Germany, he studied trade and commerce at Koln, and law at Freiburg im Breisgau, where he received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1913 for Ziele und Wege far die jungtarkische Wirtschaftpolitik. After a brief employment in industry, he started a long banking career. From 1915 to 1917 he was head of the Deutsch-TClrkische Wirschaftszentrale Berlin-Konstantinopel. His writings include Deutsch-tarkische Freundschaft (1914), Die Entwicklung der Bagdadbahnpolitik (1916), and Tarkische Wirtschaftsgesetze (1917). He died in Kiel, 29 January 1974. DtBE; Wer ist wer, 1955-1967/68

Schaeffer, Claude Friedrich Hermann (Frederic Armand), born 6 March 1898 at StraBburg, he was educated at the Realschule StraBburg, and at MOnchen, and he studied at the universities of Strasbourg and Oxford, where he gained a doctorate. He was an archaeologist, a keeper at museums, and a professor of pre-history and archaeology at l'Ecole du Louvre and College de France. He died 25 August 1982. MidE, 1982/83; NDBA; WhoFr, 1957/58-1984/85 Schaendlinger, Anton Cornelius, born 28 October 1931 at Plavna, Croatia. His secondary education was seriously impaired by the war and the subsequent expulsion from Yugoslavia. It was not until 1955 that he began to study Islamic subjects and fine art at Wien and later Istanbul. He received a Dr.phil. in 1962 from the Universltat Wien with a thesis entitled Numismatisch-historiche Untersuchung zur Manzpragung des Osmanischen Reiches. In 1984 he was appointed to the chair of Turkish at the Universitat Wien, a post which he held to his death on 20 January 1991. His writings include Osmanische Numismatik (1973), and Die Feldzugtagebacher des ersten und zweiten ungarischen Feldzugs Suleymans I (1978). He was for many years an editor of the Wiener Zeitschrift far die Kunde des Morgenlandes. KOrschner, 1983-1992; Schwarz; WZKM 82 (1992), pp. 5-10 Schafaghi, Sirus, born 23 June 1933 at Reza'iyeh, Iran, he studied geography, history, and education at Tabriz from 1956 to 1958, when he continued at the Universltat Koln, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1965 with a thesis entitled Die Stadt Tebriz und ihr Hinterland. Thesis Schafer, Edward Hetzel, born 23 August 1923 at Seattle, Wash., he was a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1947. There he taught East Asian languages. His writings include The Empire of Min (1954). His trace is lost in the late 1980s. ConAu 1-4, New rev. 1; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 F; Master (3); WhAm, 10; WhoAm, 1986/87, 1988/89

Schafer, Hans Bernd, born 25 May 1943 at Ahrensburg, Germany, he gained a doctorate in 1970 and was appointed in 1975 a professor of economics at the Unlversitat Hamburg. His writings include Imperialismusthesen und Handelsgewinne (1972), and he was joint editor of Ethische Grundfragen der Wirtschafts- und Rechtsordnung (1988). KOrschner, 1980-2001 Schafer, Hermann, born in 1917 in Germany, he was a publicist from his high school days. He later was an editor-in-chief of a regional newspaper. After the war he specialized in Middle Eastern affairs, a region which he repeadly visited. His writings include 1mLande der Konige; Streifzage durch Persien (1966), and Hunza, ein Volk ohne Krankheit (1978). Note Schafer, Richard, born 18 Dezember 1873 at Kassel, Germany, he was a sometime secretary general of the Dr.-Lepsius-Orient-Mission, Potsdam. His writings include Unsere Orient-Reise von Berlin nach Urfa (1898), Der deutsche Krieg, die Tarkei (1915), Islam und der Weltkkrieg (1915), and Geschichte der Deutschen Orient-Mission (Potsdam, Deutsche Orient-Mission, 1932. KDtLK, 1932; NUC, pre-1956 Schaffer, Brigitte, born about 1945, she received a Dr.phil. in 1972 from the Universitat Graz for Sabaische Inschriften aus der Sammlung Eduard Glaser, a work which was published from 1972 to 1975 entitled Sabaische Inschriften aus verschiedenen Fundorten. Schwarz; Sezgin Schaffer, Ernst, fl. 1959, he lived in India since the 1930s, where he was a correspondent for German and international newspapers. Note Schaffer, Franz Xaver, born 12 April 1876 at Mahrtsch-Schonberq (Sumperk), Moravia, he studied geology at Wien, where he gained doctorates in 1899 and 1908. Since 1913 he was a director of the geological department, Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, and later served as a professor at the Universitat Wien. He frequently visited the Near and Far East as well as America. His writings include Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

316 Cilicia (1903), Landeskunde von Thrakien (1918), and Geologie von Osterreich (1951). He died in Wien, 17 April 1953. DtBE; KOrschner,1950; Werist's, 1935

Schaffran, Emmerich, born 25 May 1883 at Wien, he started life as a k.k. army officer, but later pursued an interest in fine art. From 1906 to 1909 he studied history of art and archaeology at Wien. He later served as a keeper and consultant to museums. He was a landscape painter in his own right and also lectured from 1924 to 1946 at the Urania in Wien. His writings include Geschichte der Langobarden (1938), and Kunstgeschichte Osterreichs (1948). He died in Wien, 10 October 1962. DtBE; DtBilnd (5); KOrschner, 1940/41-1961; Wer; Werist's, 1935; WhoAustria, 1954-1959/60

Schafft, Karl, fl. 1974, his writings include Horshelmer Fayencen (1977), and the catalogue to an exhibition at the Prinz-Georg-Palais, Darmstadt, Ke/sterbacher Fayencen und Steingut (1987). Schaflitzel, Ulrich, fl. 1980, he published the booklet, Planning in developing countries (Lahore, 1978). Scha'ib, Georges S., fl. 1927 in Beirut, he was a O. A. correspondant to the Service des antiquites et des beaux arts au Haut-Commissariat, and was a sometime secretary to the Commission mixte d'evacuation de la Cilicie as well as a sous-chef of the S[ervice] R. francais de la ZOne Ouest, and secretary to the Mission Franklin Bouillon in Cilicia. Note Schairer, Erich, born 21 October 1887 at Hemmingen, Germany, he graduated from the theological seminary in Blaubeuren and then studied theology and philosophy at TObingen. He subsequently served as a vicar and pastor, but in 1911 he left the Church and became a political journalist and editor. In 1914 he received a Dr.phil. at TObingen with a thesis entitled Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart a/s politischer Journalist. As an objectionable journalist he was condemned to railway track work during the last years of the war. His writings include an address in support of the "DeutschTOrkische Vereinigung, Berlin" entitled Halbmond und Adler (1915), by Ali Almas, and Sozialisierung der Presse (1919). He died in Schorndorf, 3 August 1956. BiDMoPL; DtBE; Weristwer, 1955 Schall, Anton, born 1 April 1920 at Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1948 at TObingen with a thesis entitled Studien aber die griechischen Fremdworter im Syrischen. After his Dr.habil. he was appointed in 1959 a professor of Semitics and Islamics at the Universitat Heidelberg. His writings include Zur athiopischen Verskunst (1966), Elementa arabica (1988), and he edited Fremde Welt Islam (1982). KOrschner, 1966-2001 Schaller, Hans Martin, born 7 September 1923, he received a Dr.phil. in 1951 at Gottlnqen for Die Kanzlei Kaiser Friedrichs II. He was a professor of medieval history at the Universitat WOrzburg. KOrschner, 1966-2001

Schaller, Helmut Wilhelm, born 16 April 1940 at Bayreuth, he received a Dr.phil. in 1965 at MOnchen for Die Wortstellung im Russischen. He gained a Dr.habil. in 1972 and was since 1983 a professor of East European philology at Marburg. KOrschner, 1983-2001 Schamp, Eike W., born about 1940, she received a Dr.phil. in 1971 from the Universltat Koln with a thesis entitled Das Instrumentarium zur Beobachtung von wirtschaftlichen Funktionalraumen. She was successively a professor of economic geography at the universities of Gottinqen and Frankfurt am Main. Her writings include Industrialisierung in Aquatorialafrika (1978), and Persistenz der Industrie im Mittelgebirge am Beispiel des Markischen Sauerlandes (1981). KOrschner, 1983-1992 Schamp, Heinz, born 14 July 1913 at Sigmaringen, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1939 from the Unlversitat Frankfurt am Main with a thesis entitled Luftkorperklimatologie des griechischen Mittelmeergebietes. He was a lecturer in geography of the Mediterranean. He edited Agypten, das alte Kulturland am Nil auf dem Weg in die Zukunft (1977). He died 23 September 1986. KOrschner, 1970-1987 Schanz, Moritz, born 12 December 1853 at Treuen, Saxony, he trained in trade and commerce at Chemnitz, and was from 1875 to 1890 an import-export merchant in Rio de Janeiro. From 1891 to 1903 he travelled throughout the world in business affairs. He was a member of the German Handelsmission fur Ostasien, the Kolonialgesellschaft, and the Institut Colonial International. His writings include Ein Zug nach Osten (1897), Agypten und der Agyptische Sudan (1904), Nordafrika, Marokko (1905), Algerien, Tunesien, Tripolitanien (1905), Baumwolle in Agypten und im angloagyptischen Sudan (1913), and Cotton in Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1913). He died in Chemnitz, 28 October 1922. DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Sezgin; Werist's, 1909-1922 Schapira, Elisabeth, born in 1913, she received a Dr.phil. in 1935 from the Unlversitat MOnchenwith a thesis entitled Der Einfluf3 des Euripides auf die Tragodie des Cinquecento. NUC, pre-1956; Sezgin Schapira, Meyer, born 23 September 1904 at Shavly (Siauliai), Lithuania, he studied fine art at Columbia College, N.Y.C., and gained a Ph.D. Since 1952 he taught at his alma mater, where he Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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inspired modern artists and socialists alike. He died in N.Y.C., 3 March 1996. CnDiAmJBi; DrAS, 1969, 1974,1978 H; Master (2); Who, 1974-1995; WhoAm, 1974-1995; WhoAmA, 1973-1995/96; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Schapka, Ulrich, born 2 January 1942 at Hanau, Germany, he studied Oriental languages, with special reference to Indo-Iranian philology, and received a Dr.phil. in 1972 from the Universitat WOrzburg for Die persischen Vogelnamen. He was since 1978 a member of the Islamic section at the Universltatsbibliothek TObingen, and head of department since 1995. Concurrently he served as a lecturer at the University. He was joint author of Die Mundart von Gaz (1979). JahrDtB, 1981-1999/2000; Schwarz Scharf, Traute, 1938- see Wohlers-Scharf, Traute Scharfenberg, GOnter, born 11 November 1930, he studied at the Akademie fur Staats- und Rechtswissenschaft der DDR, Potsdam-Babelsberg and entered the diplomatic service in 1956. He was posted mainly to the Arab world. His writings include Projekt Wadi Tharthar; Ingenieure bandigen den Tigris (1958). Sezgin; WhoSocC, 1978 Scharfenberg, Horst, born 20 August 1919 at Frankfurt am Main, he was a reporter for radio and television, covering particularly the Near and Middle East. KUrschners biographisches Theater-Handbuch (1956). Scharff, Alexander, born 26 February 1892 at Frankfurt am Main, he studied Egyptology at the universities of Halle and Berlin, where received a Dr.phil. in 1922 for Ein Rechnungsbuch des koniglichen Hofes der 13. Dynastie. He was a professor successively at Halle, Berlin, and MOnchen. He died in 1950. Bioln 2, 6; DtBE; Egyptology; KUrschner,1925-1950; Sezgin; Wer ist's, 1935 Scharlau, Kurt, born 10 March 1906 at Marburg, Germany, he taught urbanism, cultural geography, and climatology at the Unlversitat Marburg from 1938 to his death on 21 August 1964. KUrschner, 1940/41- 1966; Wer ist wer, 1955-1962

Scharling, Carl Emil, born 28 July 1803 at Kebenhavn, where he studied theology. A travel grant enabled him in 1829 to continue his studies at Paris, TObingen, and Basel. From 1834 to 1876 he was a professor of theology at Kebenhavns Universitet. His writings include Mystikern Michael Molinos's leere og skjrebne (1852), and its translation, Michael de Molinos; ein Bild aus der Kirchengeschichte (1855). He died 17 June 1877. DanskBL; DanskBL2 Schatkowski-Schilcher, Linda, born about 1950, she received a D.Phil. in 1978 at Oxford with a thesis entitled The decline of Syrian localism; the Damascene notables, 1785-1870. Her writings include Families in politics (1985). LC; Sluglett Schauffler, Wilhelm (William) Gottlieb, born 22 August 1798 at Stuttgart, Germany, he grew up in Odessa, Russia. Induced by the American Board missionary Jonas King, he entered Andower Theological Seminary, where, during a five-year stay, he acquired a thorough theological and linguistic training. In 1831 the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him to Constantinople as a missionary to the Jews of the Balkans. He so thoroughly mastered Judeo-Spanlsh and Spanish that he wrote in both of these languages. When the Jewish mission was abandoned in 1885, he was put in charge of the Turkish mission in Constantinople, but when this was also given up a few years later, he retired from the Board and devoted himself wholly to the translation of the Bible into standard Ottoman-Turkish, a project which he had begun in 1857. In recognition of his linguistic studies the Unlversitat Halle awarded him an honorary doctorate in divinity. After fifty years of service in the Ottoman Empire, he retired to New York City, where he died, 26 January 1883. MW 30 (1940), 242; Richter, 396-397; Shavit; WhAm, H

Schauisch, Abdul Aziz, 1872 or 6-1929 see Jawish, 'Abd al-'Aziz Schaya, Leo, born 1916, his writings include La doctrine soufique de t'unite, 2e ed. (1981), and La creation en Dieu a la lumiere du judaism du christianisme et de /'islam (1983). Schayes, Antoine Guillaume Bernard, born 11 January 1808 at Louvain, he was a historian, archaeologist, and antiquary. His writings include Les Pays-Bas avant et durant la domination romaine (18371838). He died in Ixelles, 8 January 1859. BioNBelge, vol. 21, cols. 604-626; ScBlnd (4) Scheben, Thomas, born in 1956, he received a Dr.phil. in 1988 from the Universitat Mainz with a thesis entitled Verwaltungsreform der frOhen Tanzimatzeit, a work which was published in 1991. He was a conservative party worker. LC; Sezgin Schechter, Solomon, born in 1847, 1848 or 1850 at Focsani, Rumania, he was a rabbinic scholar who was educated at Lemberg, Wien, and Berlin. He went to England where he rose to prominence. He was a sometime professor of Talmudics at Cambridge and London. From 1902 to his death in 1915 he was president of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. His writings include Jewish studies (1898). AnaBrit; CnDiAmJBi; DAB; EncJud; JewEnc; JUdLex; Master (4); WhAm, 1; Who, 1903-1909; Wininger Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Schechtman (Schechtmann), Josef B., born 6 September 1891 at Odessa, he was educated in Russia and Germany, and went to the U.S.A. in 1941. He was a Zionist leader and an authority on population movements. He wrote Transjordanien im Bereiche des Palastinamandates (1937), Population transfer in Asia (1949), and The Arab refugee problem (1952). He died in Douglaston, N.Y., 1 March 1970. CnDiAmJBi; ConAu 1-4, new rev. 3; EncJud; Master (1); NYT, 3 March 1970, p. 41, col. 3; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972 Schedl, Claus, born 3 August 1914 at Ober-Loisdorf, Austria, he received a Dr.phil. in 1943 from the Universltat TObingen with a thesis entitled Der Herr der Mysterien. He taught religious studies successively at Mantern, Graz, and Wien. His writings include Muhammad und Jesus; die christologisch relevanten Texte des Korans neu abersetzi und erklart (1978), and Zur Theologie des Alten Testaments (1986). He died 19 June 1986. KOrschner, 1950-1987; WhoAustria, 1967 Scheel, Helmuth Friedrich August, born 19 May 1895 at Berlin, he began in early 1914 with his training for the civil service but was called up in the same year. He served in the Balkans where he learned Turkish. From 1916 to the end of the war he was posted to a military meteorological station at Sinop, Turkey. In 1921 he became a certified clerk of the court at Berlin and concurrently studied Orientallanguages, history, and law. Several missions in the service of the German Foreign Office delayed until 1928 the completion of his thesis entitled Die Schreiben der tarkischen Sultane an die preul3ischen Konige in der Zeit von 1721-1774 und die ersten preul3ischen Kapitulationen vom Jahre 1761. His entire academic career from high school to his university appointment in 1939 developed parallel to a successful career as an administrative government official. From 1946 to his retirement he was a professor at Mainz, and concurrently active in the Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesellschaft as well as the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz, where he died 6 June 1967. DtBE; DtBiind (2); Index Islamicus (1); KOrschner, 1940/41-1966; Schwarz; Werist wer, 1950-1967/68; ZDMG 118 (1968), pp. 1-13

Schefer, Charles Henri Auguste, born 16 November 1820 at Paris, he studied at l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes. After returning from a journey in the East in 1843, he became an assistant at l'Ecole des jeunes langues. He later served as a dragoman at Beirut, dragoman-chanceJier at Jerusalem, Smyrna, Alexandria, and Constantinople. In 1857 he was appointed first eecreteire-interprete for Oriental languages at the Minlstere des Affaires Etrangeres. After several missions to Syria, he became administrateur of l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes in Paris. In 1878 he was elected a member of the Acadernie des Inscriptions. His important collection of manuscripts was acquired by the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, and catalogued by E. Blochet entitled Catalogue de la collection de mss arabes, persanes et turcs tormee par M. Ch. Schefer. His writings include Chrestomathie persane (1883-85), and he edited and translated from Nasir Khusraw, Nizam al-Mulk, and Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Rawandi. He died in 1902. Comptes-rendus des seances de l'Academie des inscriptions, 4e serie, 27 (1899), pp. 627-668; FOck; Vapereau

Schefer, Christian, born in 1866, his writings include La France moderne et Ie probteme colonial (1907), D'une guerre a J'autre (1920), La poJitique coloniale de la monarchie de juiJIet. L'AIgerie et t'evotution de la colonisation trenceise (1928), and La grande pensee de Napoleon 1/1 (1939). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Schefer, Michael, fl. 1964, he was a graduate of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and employed at the Ministry of Trade and Industry as an economist. Note Scheffer, Theodor, born 1 October 1872 at DOsseldorf, Germany. In his youth he briefly worked as a bookseller, before studying for extramural high school graduation. He subsequently studied from 1894 to 1897/98 at Halle, Marburg, and Bonn. He spent his last semester again at Marburg, but because of impaired hearing he was unable to follow lectures. He eventually received a Dr.phil. in 1901 at the Unlversitat Leipzig with a thesis entitled Die preul3ische PubJizistik im Jahre 1859 unter dem EinfJul3 des italienischen Krieges. His writings include Bismarck; Grundzage seiner PoJitik (1915), and Unsere zukanftige Volkserziehung (1915). He died in 1945. DtBiind (1); KDtLK, 1915, 1916, Nekrolog, 1936-70; Thesis Scheffler, Artur, born 22 May 1890 at Berlin, where he also studied law. He received a Dr.jur. in 1915 from the Universitat Erlangen with a thesis entitled Die Dardanellenfrage. Schwarz; Thesis Scheffler, Thomas, born in 1950, he studied political science and history, with special reference to the Muslim world, at the Freie Universitat Berlin. Since 1984 he was a research fellow in ethnicity and migration in the Middle East at Berlin. His writings include Ethnisch religiose KonfJikte und gesellschaftliche Integration im Vorderen und Mittleren Orient; Literaturstudie (1985). Note Scheibe, Arnold, born 20 October 1901 at Greiz, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1927 at the Universitat MOnchen. He was an agricultural consultant in Turkey, 1931-1933, and subsequently served as a professor of agricultural botany succesively at GieBen, MOnchen, and Gottingen. He died 13 April 1989. DtBiind (2); KOrschner, 1950-1987; Sezgin; Wer ist wer, 1955-1967/68

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319 Scheiber, Sandor (Alexander), born 9 July 1913 at Budapest, he was educated in Hungary and the U.K., gained a doctorate, and was ordained a rabbi. He served as a professor at Budapest and Szeged. His writings include Dr. Heller Bernat etete es tuoomenyos munkassaga, 1871-1943 (1943), Folklor es targytortenet (1974), and Geniza studies (1981), and he edited the jubilee volumes for B. Heller (1941) and Immanuel Low (1947), and I. Goldziher's Tagebuch (1977). He died 3 March 1985. IntWW, 1982/83, 1983/84; MEL, 1978-1991; WhoSocC, 1978; WhoWor, 1984/85; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Scheid, Eberhard, 1742-1794 see Scheidius, Everard Scheidius (Schweijdius), Everard, born 24 December 1742 at Arnhem, Netherlands, he studied theology, with special reference to Oriental languages, at Groningen and Leiden, where in 1769 he defended his thesis on Is. 38: 9-20. He was a reader at Harderwijk since 1765, and since 1769 a professor of Old Testament studies, to which New Testament studies, and Greek, was added in subsequent years. His writings include Selecta quaedam e sentiis proverbiisque arabicis (1775), and he was joint author of Lexicon hebraicum et chaldaicum (1805-10); he edited, with a Latin translation, Idyllium arabicum, from the Arabic of Ibn Durayd (1786). He died in Harderwijk in 1794. BiBenelux2 (6); Nieuw Nederlandseh biografiseh woordenboek (1911-37); Sezgin

ScheidI, Leopold Georg, born 11 May 1904 at Am stetten, Austria, he studied natural sciences and geography from 1923 to 1928 at the Universitat Wien, and received a Dr.phil. in 1928 with a thesis on late nineteenth century European history. He travelled extensively and spent two years in Japan. He later became a dean of the Hochschule fur Welthandel, Wien, president of the Austrian international student office, and a member of the board of the Hammer-Purgstall-Gesellschaft.. He died in Wien on DtBiind (2); KOrschner, 1950-1970; Mitteilungen der Osterreiehisehen Geographisehen 15 December 1974. Gesellsehaft 106 (1964), pp. 85-94, 112 (1970), pp. 128-131; WhoAustria, 1954-1977/78

Scheifley, William H., born in 1876, he received a Ph.D. in 1914 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled Brieux and contemporary French society. His writings include Aspects of European economics and reconstruction (1929), and Impressions of Europe (1935). NUC, pre-1956 Edler von Scheiger, Joseph, born 22 February 1801 at Wien, where he studied law and subsequently served with the postal administration from 1850 to 1867. Throughout his life he pursued an interest in archaeology, mainly Austrian castles, which he explored in extensive walking excursions. His writings include Ober Berge und Schlosser im Lande Osterreich unter der Enns (1837). He died in Graz, 6 May 1886. ADtB, v. 53, pp. 740-745; DtBE; DtBiind (2); Kosch; OBL; Wurzbach, v. 29 (1875), pp. 169-171 Scheil, Jean Vincent, born in 1858 at Koenigsmacker (Moselle), he entered the Ordre de Saint Dominique in 1882. After his religious studies, he trained as an Assyriologist and Egyptologist at l'Ecole pratique des hautes etudes. In December of 1890 he was nominated a member of the Institut francais d'archeoloqie orientale du Caire. From 1892 to 1893 he was employed by the Direction generale des antiqultes ottomanes in Constantinople to collaborate with the establishment of an archaeological museum in the city. In the course of his duties he excavated in Mesopotamia. In 1893 he was invited to the chair of Assyriologie at l'Ecole des hautes etudes. His writings include The ancient Persian inscriptions of the Achaemenides found at Susa (1929), and Melanges epigraphiques (1939). He died near Paris on 21 September 1940. Aetes du BOe Congres des soeietes savants, Lille, 1955, pp. 514-516; Dawson; Egyptology; Isis 37 iii/iv (1947), p. 183

Scheil, Sebastien, born in 1853 in Lorraine, he entered the order of Saint Dominique in 1879. At the end of his theological studies he offered to go to Mosul, where he was sent in 1882. He soon learned Arabic perfectly and taught at the local boys' school, particularly physical sciences and mathematics. Following a request from the Apostolic Delegate in 1886, he went to Baghdad as a temporary director of the College des Peres Carmes de Bagdad. Upon his return to Mosul, he joined the Seminaire syrochaldeen, where he served successively as a professor and director until obliged to leave the mission in February of 1915. He died near Paris on 25 February 1931. Aetes du BOe Congres des societes savants, Lille, 1955, pp. 512-513

Scheimpflug, Karl, born 18 July 1856 at Wien, he studied law at Leipzig and Wien, and gained a doctorate. He was a financial government official who also served in Sarajevo and Prag. His writings include Zur Reform der osterreichischen Borsenverkehrs-Steuer (1881). He died in Wien in 1944. Kosch; KOrschner, 1925-1931; OBL; Werist's, 1912

Scheindlin, Raymond Paul, born 13 May 1940 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, N.Y.C., and received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Columbia University for Elements of form in the poetry of al-Mu'tamid ibn 'Abbad. He was a professor at McGill, Montreal, P.Q., Cornell, Ithaca, N.Y., and from 1972 to 2004 at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, N.Y.C. His writings include 201 Arabic verbs (1978). ConAu 146; DrAS, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; NatFacDr,1995-2004; Selim; WhoAm, 1986/87-2003

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Scheinhardt, Hartwig, born first half 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1979 at Gottingen for Typen tilrkischer Orlsnamen; Einfilhrung, Phonologie, Morphologie, Bibliographie. He was joint author of Lamutisches vvotterbuct: (1980). Schwarz Schelenz, Ahlgreen Hermann, born 9 April 1848 at Kempen, Prussia, he studied pharmacy at the Universitat Greifswald and later lived as a private scholar at Kassel, where he died on 28 September 1922. His writings include Frauen im Reiche Aeskulaps (1900), Geschichte der Pharmazie (1904), and Zur Geschichte der pharmazeutisch-chemischen Destilliergerate (1911). DtBilnd (3); Sezgin Scheller, Josef Meinrad, born 17 May 1921 at ZOrich, he studied both at ZOrich and Geneve, to which Praha, Paris, MOnchen, and Oxford were added after graduation. He received a Dr.phil. in 1951 from the Universitat ZOrich with a thesis entitled Die Oxytonierung der griechischen Substantive auf -Ia. He was a professor of general linguistics and chairman of department at the Philosophische Fakultat, ZOrich. He died 24 April 1991. KOrschner, 1970-1987; WhoSwi, 1974/75-1988/89 Scheller, Karl, fl. 1963, he was a horticulturalist who, during his student years, spent considerable time in North Africa, particularly in Libya and Tunisia. In 1962 his was an aid worker in India. Note von Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph, born in 1775 at Leonberg, WOrttemberg, he studied theology at TObingen, and in 1798 became a professor at the Universitat Jena, where he soon found fame and admiration. He was one of the greatest German idealists. After serving as a professor at WOrzburg from 1803 to 1806, he was invited to MOnchen. In the same year, he was elected a member of the Koniglich-Baierische Akademie der Wissenschaften. He successively taught at the universites of Erlangen and Berlin from 1820 to 1846, when he gave up his university career. He died in Ragaz, Switzerland, 20 August 1854. CelCen; Deutsche biographische Enzyklopadie (1995-2000); DtBiind (20); EncAm; Encyc/opredia Britannica; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; Biography and genealogy master index (12); Modeme encyclopedie van de wereldliteraturen; Pallas; RNl; Sezgin

Schelling, Joseph Friedrich, born in 1737 at Unterweissach, Worttemberg, he studied Semitic languages and theology in and near TObingen. In 1771 he was a deacon at Leonberg, and since 1777 a professor at Bebenhausen. His writings include Abhandlung von dem Gebrauch der arabischen Sprache zu einergrilndlichen Einsicht in die nebrelscne (1771). He died in 1812. DtBilnd (5) Schels, Johann Baptist, born 9 November 1780 at BrOnn (Brno), Moravia, he studied philosophy and joined in 1801 the Austrian infantry. He participated in the 1805 war and subsequently was employed in the topography of Bohemia, followed by that of some of the Austrian regions. After the campaign against Galicia in 1809, he was invalided to quartermaster-general and served to his retirement in 1820. With the rank of major, and later lieutenant-colonel, he was in charge of the library of the war archives from 1831 to his death on 8 October 1847 in Wien. His writings include Geschichte des suaosnlchen Europa unter der Herrschaft der Romer und Tilrken (1826-27). CBl Scheltema, Johann Friederich, born in 1855, he was Dutch by birth and studied at Yale University, where he received a Ph.D. in 1916 for The Syrian trouble of 1860. He spent a number of years in Mediterranean lands studying the Muslim conquest and the Eastern question. In 1918 he was engaged at his alma mater in work among Arabic manuscripts. He translated from Iskandar Abkarius, The Lebanon in turmoil; Syria and the powers in 1860 (1920). He died in 1922. Biography and genealogy master index (1); Selim

Scheludko, Dimitri, born in 1892, he studied Romance languages at the Universltat Halle and received a Dr.phil. in 1931 with a thesis entitled Quel/en und Vorbilder von Mistrals Calendau. His writings include Mistrals "Netto"; literarisch-historische Studie (1922). Schemeil, Yves, he received a doctorate in 1976 from the Universite de Grenoble with a thesis entitled Sociologie du systeme politique libanais. He was affiliated with the Institut d'etudes politiques de Grenoble until 1990, when he became a professor of political science at the Universite d'Aix-enProvence. He edited Les Discours de la politique (1991). THESAM,3 Schen (Shen), Israel, fl. 1972, he published an abridged translation from the Hebrew of Abraham Yaari entitled The goodly heritage (1958). NUC, 1956-1967 Schenke, Wolf, born in 1914 at Arnstadt, Germany, he studied at the Hochschule fOr Politik, Berlin, and subsequently went in 1935 as a foreign correspondent to China. During the war he served with German Army Intelligence, and after the war he was tried by the Americans as a war criminal at Shanghai. He later returned to Germany His writings include Kampfplatz Ostasien (1937), Reise an die gelbe Front; Beobachtungen eines deutschen Kriegsberichterstatters (1940), Die Stunde Asiens (1955), and Siegerwille und Unterwerfung; auf dem Irrweg zur Teilung; Erinnerungen, 1945-1955 (1988). Note about the author; Sezgin Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Schenker, Hillel, fl. 1979, he edited After Lebanon, the Israeli-Palestinian connection (1983), and he translated from the Hebrew of Gila Almagor, Under the domim tree (1995). Scher (Shir), Addai Ibrahim, born in 1867, he was Chaldean archbishop of Siirt, Turkey, and died at the hands of Kurdish marauders in 1916. A..J.W. Huisman, Les manuscrits arabes dans Ie monde (1967), p. 71; lC Scherer, Hermann, born in 1816 at Stuttgart, Germany, he studied law and practised his profession. His writings include Der Sundzoll (1845), Allgemeine Geschichte des Welthandels (1852-53), its translation, Histoire du commerce de toutes les nations (1857), and Reisen in der Levante in den Jahren 1859-1865 (1866). He died in 1903. DtBilnd (1); NUC, pre-1956; Sezgin Scherner, Bernd, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1975 from the Universltat Mainz with a thesis entitled Arabische und neupersische Lehnworter im Tschuwaschischen. Schwarz Ritter von Scherzer, Carl, born 5 January 1821 at Wien, he began life as a printer, and later studied economics and philology, gaining a doctorate in 1849. From 1852 to 1859 he participated in various expeditions throughout the world. Raised to knighthood in 1866, he became a section head in the ministry of trade and commerce. In 1871 he was appointed consul-general at Smyrna. His writings include Smyrna, mit besonderer Rucksicnt auf die geographischen, wirtschaftlichen und intellectuellen vemettmeee von Vorder-Kleinasien (1873), its translation, La province de Smyrne (1873), and Das wirthschaftliche Leben der Volker (1885). He died in Gorz, 19 or 20 February 1903. DtBE; DtBilnd (5); Embacher; Master (1); CBl; Pallas; RNl; Wurzbach

Scheunemann, Brigitte, born 18 March 1928 at Velten near Berlin, she studied fine art, Egyptology, archaeology and Oriental languages and received a Dr.phil. in 1954 from Humboldt Unlversitat, Berlin, for Anatolische Teppiche auf ebenalenalscben Gemekien. Thesis Schiaparelli, Celestine, born 14 May 1841, he was a professor of Arabic and a librarian at the Universita di Roma. He edited Arabic texts which include Vocabulista in arabico; codice della Biblioteca Riccardana di Firenze (1871), L'ltalia descritta nel "Ubro del re Ruggero," of al-Idrisi (1883), and /I canzioniere, of Ibn Hamdis (1897). He died in 1919. Encltaliana; FLick,300; Gubernati 3; IndBI (1) Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio, born 14 March 1835 at Savigliano, Italy, he trained as a civil engineer. Only after he had graduated from the Universita di Torino and was teaching mathematics did he begin to study languages and astronomy. With a government grant he studied abroad. On his return in 1860, he was appointed astronomer at the Brera Osservatorio di Milano, a post which he held to his retirement in 1900. His writings include L'astronomia en el Antico Testamento (1903), its translations, Die Astronomie im Alten Testament (1904), and Astronomy in the Old Testament (1905). He died on 4 July 1910. AnaBrit; Chi e, 1908; DcScB; EncAm; Encltaliana; Giornale della Societa asiatica italiana 23 (1910), pp. 349350; IndBI (1); Master (6)

Schiaparelli, Luigi, born in 1816, he was a professor of ancient history and geography at the Unlversita di Torino. His writings include Degli ultimi progressi sulla storia dell'oriente antico (1876). He died in 1897. IndBI (1); Gubernatis 3; NUC, pre-1956 Schiaparelli, Luigi, born 2 August 1871 at Cerrione, he was a professor of Latin palaeography and diplomatics at the Universlta di Firenze. His writings include Note di diplomatica, 1896-1934; a cura di A. Pratesi (1972). He died in 1934. Chi e, 1931; Encltaliana Schick, Asher P., born in 1931, he received a doctorate in 1962 from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, with a thesis entitled Ge'omorfologyah shel hevel Menasheh. He was affiliated with the Special Committee on Conversion Tables, International Geographical Union, and edited their Geographical conversion tables (1961). NUC, 1956-1972 Schick, Conrad, born 27 January 1822 at Bitz, Switzerland, he gained a doctorate and became an architect. In 1846 he proceeded to Jerusalem as one of four missionary brethren to live together unmarried in a Brilderhaus. In the end he became an agent of the London Jews Society and made a marriage which added greatly to his happiness. For many years he was head of the School of Industry, where he also taught carpentry and other trades to young Jews. His labours, which spread over fifty years, were fully appreciated by successive heads of the Mission to the Jews at Jerusalem. In the early period of his life in Palestine, he took a keen interest in the remains of ancient Jerusalem. His writings include Beit el Makdas, der alte Tempelplatz zu Jerusalem (1887), and Die Stiftshiltte, der Tempel in Jerusalem und der Tempelplatz der Jetztzeit (1896). He died in his sleep, 23 December 1901, twelve days before his wife. Palestine Exploration Fund quarterly statement, 1902, 139-142; Sezgin Schick, Joseph, born 11 July 1892 at Onod, Hungary, he received a doctorate in Hungary. During the first World War he served as a chaplain with the Hungarian army and later he served in synagogues.

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He went to the United States in 1926 and became a rabbi of the West Side Jewish Center, N.Y.C. He died 17 March 1938. CnDiAmJBi; NYT, 18 March 1938, p. 19, col. 4 Schickard (Schickhardt), Wilhelm, born 22 April 1592 at Herrenberg, WOrttem berg, he was not only a professor of Hebrew but a prolific scholar who in 1623 experimented with calculating devices. Since 1631 he was a land-surveyor and geographer. His writings include Horologium bebreeum (1624), and Tarich, hoc est, Series regvm Persire, ab Ardschir-Babekan (1628). He died in TObingen, 23 October 1635. A symposium, Wissenschaftsgeschichte um Wilhelm Schickard, was held at TObingen in 1977; the papers were published in 1981. DcScB; HisDcDP; Master (1) Schiefner (W~epHep), Franz Anton, born 6 June 1817 at Reval (Tallinn), he was educated at the local Domschule, and began to study law, but soon changed to Oriental languages. He first specialized in East Asian languages, but gradually turned to Ural-Altaic and Caucasian languages. He wrote Heldensagen der minussinschen Tataren rhythmisch bearbeitet (1859). He died in St. Petersburg in 1879. Baltisch (3); BiobibSOT,292-293; Buckland; DtBilnd (1); Russische Revue 16 (1880), pp. 105-118; Stache-Rosen, pp. 52-3

Schienerl, Peter Wolfgang, born about 1950, he received a Dr.phil. in 1980 from the Universitat Wien with a thesis entitled Die antiken Wurzeln des volkstOmlichen agyptischen Schmucks. His writings include Tierdarstellungen im Islam am Beispiel des Schmuck- und Amulettwesens (1984), and Schmuck und Amulette in Antike und Islam (1988). .EURAMES, 1993 Schier, Karl Heinrich, he was a private scholar of Arabic and in 1858 a member of the Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesellschaft. Ludolf Krehl and other scholars who collaborated with him for many years had nothing to say about him because he never disclosed his private affairs. His writings include Globus coelestis arabicus qui Dresdae ... asservatur (1865), Arabische Inschriften (1867), and he edited TaqwTm a/-buldan, of AbO al-Flda' (1840). He died in 1869. ADtB 31, pp. 184-85 von Schierbrand, Wolf, born 4 October 1851 at Dresden, he studied at Heidelberg and Leipzig until 1872, when he emigrated to the United States, where he became a journalist and writer. From 1886 to 1887 he served as a secretary to the U.S. minister to Persia. His writings include America, Asia and the Pacific (1904), Russia, her strength and her weakness (1904), and Austria-Hungary, the polyglott empire (1917). He died in N.Y.C. on 1 December 1920. Amlnd (2); DcNAA; WhAm, 4 Schiern, Frederik Eginhard Amadeus Hast, born 22 November 1816 at Kebenhavn, where he received a doctorate in 1842 with a thesis entitled Origenes et migrationes Cimborum, having previously won a university gold medal for a treatise on Gallic immigration to Asia Minor. In 1847 he became a university lecturer, and in 1851, a professor of history at Kebenhavns Universitet. His writings include En Oplysning on Oldtidens Kjendstab til Nilens Kildes0er (1866), and Nyere historiske studier(1875-79). He died 16 December 1882. DanskBL; DanskBL2 Schiff, Fritz, born 21 June 1891 at Berlin. Following the wishes of his father, he trained as a merchant. Dissatisfied, he went in 1912 to Roma to work in an antiquarian bookshop until the eve of the war, when he was called up in Germany. After the war, he studied fine art, archaeology, and philosophy at Berlin, MOnchen, and Halle, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1923 with a thesis entitled Pietro Cavallini. In 1933 he emigrated to Palestine by way of Paris. He became a musuem curator and director. He died 23 October 1964. BioHbDtE; Antike Kunst 16 i (1973), p. 44 Schiff, Ze'ev, born in 1932, he was a military reporter for the Tel Aviv Haaretz, specializing in national defence and security. His writings include The Yom Kippur war, 1973 (1977); he was joint author of Intifada, the Palestinian uprising, Israel's third front (1990), and he was joint editor of Israelis speak about themselves and the Palestinians (1977). ConAu 144 Schiffers, Heinrich, born 28 September 1901 at Aachen, Germany, he studied at K61n and Aachen, and received a doctorate in 1944 at Marburg with a thesis entitled Die Tiniri als Typus eines nordafrikanischen WOstenraumes. He was a professor of geography, specializing in desert research, particularly in Africa. His writings include Menschen unter Allahs Sonne; nordafrikanischer Erlebnisbericht (1935), 1m Banne der Sahara (1950), and Die Sahara; Entwicklungen in einem WOstenkontinent (1980). He died in K61n, 20 December 1982. DtBE; KOrschner,1954-1980; Unesco Schilder, Siegmund (Sigmund), born 20 January 1872 at Wien. After study at the Universitat Wien, he worked as a journalist to 1899, when he joined the Handelsmuseum, Wien, where he remained to 1902. He later became a lecturer in trade and commerce at Wien until his death in 1932. His writings include Agrarische Bevolkerung und Staatseinnahmen in Osterreich (1906), Mitteleuropa und die Handelspolitik der offenen Tar (1918), and Deutschosterreichs Wirtschaftsverhaltnisse (1921). KOrschner, 1925-1931; Wininger, vol. 7 (1935)

Schildtberger, Hans (also) Johannes, 1381-1440 see Schiltberger, Hans Schillebeeckx, Edward Cornelius Florentius Alfons, born 12 November 1914 at Antwerpen, Belgium, he entered the Dominican Order in 1934 and subsequently taught at Dominican institutions throughout Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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France and Belgium. In 1957 he was appointed professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. He was editor-in-chief of Tijdschrift voor theologie. Many of his writings have been translated into English. Bioln 8, 12, 13, 14; Contemporary authors, 111, 127; CurBio, 1983; Who's who in Belgium, 1957/58, 1962; Who's who in the Netherlands, 1962/63; Wie is wie, 1984/88

Schiller, Gunter, fl. 1976, he was an employment official affiliated with the Institut fur Arbeitsmarktund Berufsforschung, Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit, NOrnberg. He was joint author of Auslandische Arbeitnehmer und Arbeitsmarkt (1976), and he was joint editor of Stagnation und Beschaftigung; Ursachen und Handlungsspielraume (1983).

Schiller, Karl August Fritz, born 24 April 1911 at Breslau, Germany, he was an economist, university professor and a sometime federal minister of economics and finance. He died in Hamburg on 26 December 1994. Biography index, 9, 19; Current biography, 1971; Deutsche biographische Enzyklopadie (1995-2000); International who's who, 1974-1994/95; International yearbook and statesmen's who's who, 1978; Kurschner, 1966-1992; Who's who, 1974-1995; Who's who in the world, 1974-1978/79

Schiller, Otto, born 27 September 1901 at Krotoschin, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1922 from the Universitat Breslau with a thesis entitled Anderung im Gehalt des Stal/dOngers. Before the war he was attached to the ministry of food and agriculture, and after the war he was a section head in the Zweizonenamt fur Ernahrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, before he became in 1947 a lecturer at the Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule Hohenheim. From 1961 to his death, he was head of the Forschungsstelle fur Agrarstruktur und Agrargenossenschaft der Entwicklungslander at Heidelberg. His writings include Ziele und Ergebnisse der Agrarordnung in den besetzten Ostgebieten (1944), Das Gesetz zur Beschaffung von Siedlungsland und zur Bodenreform (1947), and Landwirtschaft in der Sowjetunion, 1917-1953 (1954). Kurschner 1950-1970; Werist wer, 1963-1969/70 Schilling, Victor Theodor Ad. Georg, born 28 August 1883 at Torgau, Saxony, he studied. medicine at the military Kaiser Wilhelm Akademie, where he received a Dr.med. in 1910. He was subsequently employed at the Tropeninstitut, Hamburg, before being called up to serve as a medical consultant in Turkey, experiences which are embodied in his Kriegshygienische Erfahrungen in der TOrkei (1921). From 1941 to 1957 he was a professor and director at the university hospital, Rostock. He was honoured by jubilee volumes on his sixty-fifth and seventieth birthdays. His writings include Angewandte Blutlehre fOr die Tropenkrankheiten (1914). He died in Rostock, 30 May 1960. DtBE; Kurschner, 1931-1954; Werist's, 1935

Schilling von Canstadt, Paul, 1786-1837 see Shilling, Pavel L'vovich Schiltberger (Schildtberger), Hans (also Johannes), born in 1381 in Germany, he joined in 1394 the suite of Lienhart Richartinger, and went off to fight under the King of Hungary against the Turks on the Hungarian border. Wounded and taken prisoner in 1396 at the battle of Nicopolis, he served as a runner under a number of Muslim rulers until he returned to his Bavarian home in 1427. He died around 1440. His Reisetagebuch has been repeatedly edited and published. Ulrich Schlemmer edited it in 1983 entitled Als Sklave im Osmanischen Reich und bei den Tataren, 1394-1427. AnaBrit; DtBE; DtBiind (3); Embacher; EncBrit; GDU; Master (2); Meyers; RNL

Schimitschek, Erwin, born 31 March 1898 at Vysokopole, Ukraine, he studied forestry at the Hochschule fur Bodenkultur, Wien, where he also received a Dr.ing., and remained there as a lecturer to 1937, when he went for two years as a professor to the Ormancrhk FakOltesi at Bahcekoy near Istanbul. In 1939 he resumed teaching at his alma mater until 1953 when he was appointed director of the Forstzoologisches Institut in the Universitat Gottingen. His writings include Forstinsekten der TOrkei und ihre Umwelt (Prag, 1944), and Die Bestimmung von tnsektenscneaen im Walde (1955). He died in Wien, 21 March 1983. Kurschner, 1940/41-1983 Schimmel, Annemarie Brigitte, born 7 April 1922 at Erfurt, Germany, she received a Dr.phil. in 1942 from the Universitat Berlin and was successively a lecturer, or professor, at Marburg, Ankara, Bonn, and since 1961 at Harvard University. Her speaking knowledge of Sindhi, Urdu, and Turkish enabled her to acquire a first-hand acquaintance of the cultural and religious conditions of the Muslim world. She was an impressive public speaker - she sometimes delivered a full lecture with her eyes closed and the recipient of numerous awards and honours. She was sometimes said to have been a Muslim and married to an Indian mystic. Her writings include Gabriel's wing (1963), Pakistan, ein SchloB mit tausend Toren (1965), Aus dem goldenen Becher; tOrkische Gedichte (1973), Mystical dimensions of Islam (1975), A dance of sparks (1979), and 1m Reich der GroBmoguln (2000). On her seventieth birthday she was honoured by the jubilee volume, Gott ist schon und Er Iiebt die Schonneit (1994). She died in Bonn on 26 January 2003. BioB134; ConAu 120, 132; Kurschner, 1961-2001; Private; Wer ist wer, 1984-1999/2000; WhoAm, 1978-1982/83; WhoWor, 1978/79

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324 Schindler, Sir Albert Houtum, born in 1846, he was a naturalized British subject of Dutch or German origin and was resident in Persia for many years, first being employed by the Indo-European Telgraph Company, and later by the Persian Telegraph service. He is also said to have served in the Persian army and to have been an admiral in the Shah's miniature navy. In the course of his duties he travelled all over Persia and wrote a number of learned papers and articles for the Encyclopaedia Britannica about the country's geography and resources. Lord Curzon, who drew heavily on Schindler for the detailed information which so greatly inpressed readers of Persia and the Persian question, described him in that book as "a sort of deus ex machina required to assist in the solution of most Persian problems." Drummond Wolff thought so highly of him that he tried hard, but unsuccessfully, to persuade the Foreign Office to engage him as a member of the Legation staff. Reuter employed him instead as the Imperial Bank's high-level contact man in Tehran. His writings include Eastern Persian Irak (1896). He died in Fenstanton; Hunts., 15 June 1916. Henze; Who was who, 2; Wright, p. 106 Schindler von Schindelheim, Johann Baptist (Jan Chrzciciel), born 3 September 1802 at Stanislau, Galicia, he studied philosophy, theology, law and Oriental languages at the universities of Lemberg, Wien and Krak6w. He gained a doctorate and was ordained priest at Wien in 1825. From 1832 to 1836 he held the chair of New Testament studies and Oriental languages at Krak6w. He later was a politician until Krak6w Free State was restored to Austria in 1846. He died in Krakau, 4 or 5 April 1890. Dziekan; OBL; PSB; Wurzbach

Schinkel, Hans Georg, born 16 March 1939 at Leipzig, he studied ethnography, African linguistics, and anthropology at the Universitat Leipzig, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1970 with a thesis entitled Haltung und Pflege des Viehs bei Nomaden in Ost- und Nordostafrika. Schwarz; Thesis Schinkewitsch, Jacob, born 16 April 1884 at Lachowitsch (Liakhovichi), Russia, hewas educated at Minsk, and then studied at the polytechnic institute, St. Petersburg until 1910, when he changed to the faculty of Oriental languages, and studied until 1914. He went to the Universitat Berlin in 1919, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1926 with a thesis entitled Rabghuzis Syntax, a work which was based on a manuscript in the British Museum, and which he had copied in 1924 in London. Thesis Schio, Almerico da, 1836-1930 see Da Schio, Almerico Schippel, Erhard Georg, born 15 September 1884 at Meif:!>en, Germany, he studied law at Lausanne, Berlin, and Leipzig, where he received a Dr.jur. in 1909 with a thesis entitled Die Stellung der Schutzgebietsgerichte in der deutschen Rechtspflegeordnung. NUC, pre-1956 Schipperges, Heinrich, born 17 March 1918 at Kleinenbroich, Germany, he received a Dr.med. in 1951 at Bonn, and also a Dr.phil. in the following year. He was a professor of history of medicine and ended his career as a director of the Institut fur Geschichte der Medizin in the Unlversltat Heidelberg. His writings include Arabische Medizin im lateinischen Mittelalter (1976). IntAu&W,1977; KOrschner, 19661992; Wer ist wer, 1984-1999/2000

Schippmann, Klaus, born 30 October 1924, he gained a Dr.jur. and became a professor of Oriental archaeology at the Unlversitat Gottingen. His writings include Die iranischen Feuerheiligtiimer (1971), Grundziige der parthischen Geschichte (1980), and Grundziige der Geschichte des sasanischen Reiches (1990). KOrschner, 1987-2003 Schirmann, Jefim, also Haim, born in 1904 at Kiev, he went in 1920 with his family to Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1930 with a thesis entitled Die hebraische Obersetzung der Maqamen des Hariri. In 1933 he emigrated to Palestine. He died in 1981. Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Emigration nach 1933 (1980-83); Encyclopaedia Judaica

Schirmer, Annette, born 12 August 1948 at Bielefeld, Germany, she studied geography, economics, and political science at Bonn, where she received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1976 with a thesis entitled Industrielle Wachstumskerne in der metropolitan area Istanbul. She carried on field work in the Near and Middle East as well as in Africa. Note; Schwarz; Thesis Schirmer, Henri, born in 1863, he received a doctorate in 1892 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled De nomine et genere populorum qui Berberi vulgo dicuntur. He was a professor at the University de Lyon, 1898, and the Sorbonne, 1905. His writings include Le Sahara (1893), Poesies d'un Alsacien (1931), and he was joint author of Afrique, Asie, Insulinde (1905). BN Schirmer, Oskar, born 8 July 1893 at Krogelstein, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1926 from the Universltat Erlangen with a thesis entitled Studien zur Astronomie der Araber. Since 1936 he was a lecturer at the Hochschule fur Lehrerbildung, a teachers' college, in Bayreuth. He was a contributor to the Enzyklopadie des Islam. KOrschner, 1940/411; Schwarz

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325 Schirren, Carl Christian Gerhard, born 8 November 1826 at Riga, he received a Dr.phil. in 1858 from the unlversitat Dorpat with a thesis entitled De ratione quae inter lordanem et Cassiodorium intercedat commentatio. He was a high school teacher and concurrently a lecturer at his alma mater, first in geography and statistics, and then in history. From 1861 to 1864 he also served as a president of the Gelehrte Estnische Gesellschaft. In 1869 he was dismissed from his post on account of his nationalist ideas. In the same year he went to Germany, where he first found employment in archival work. In 1874 he was appointed a professor at the Universitat Kiel, and in 1878 he became its president. His writings include Neue Quellen zur Geschichte des Untergangs Iivlandischer Selbstandigkeit (1883-85). He died in 1910. Baltisch (9); DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Werist's, 1909 Schlafli, Alexander, born in 1834 at Burgdorf, Kanton Bern, he was an orphan who later studied medicine at Paris. In 1854 he was a military physician in Batum. He later was successively personal physician of Rif'at Pasa in Yannina (Ioannina), and a practising physician in Baghdad. In 1862 he set out on an expedition to Central Africa by way of Bombay and Mauritius, but a serious illness soon obliged him to return to Baghdad, where he died 5 October 1863. His writings include Reisen in den Orient (Winterthur, 1864). ADtB, 31, pp. 326-27; DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Embacher Schlagintweit, Adolf, born 9 January 1829 at MOnchen, he studied natural sciences, mainly geology, at MOnchen and Berlin, where he received doctorates in 1850 and 1853. Supported by the King of Prussia and the East India Company, he went with his brother, Robert, to India and subsequently visited Chinese Turkestan by way of Karakorum and Kunlun Shan. He was executed as a suspected spy in Kashgar on 26 August 1857. DtBE Schlagintweit, Eduard, born 23 March 1831, he was a captain who took part in the Spanish campaign against Morocco, an experience which is embodied in his Der spanisch-marokkanische Krieg in den Jahren 1859 und 1860 (Leipzig, 1863). He was killed at the battle of Kissingen, 10 July 1866. ADtB, 31, p. 348; GdeEnc

Schlagintweit, Emil, born 7 July 1835 at MOnchen, he studied law at MOnchen and Berlin, where he received a Dr.jur. During his early life he looked after his brothers academic correspondence with the King of Prussia and Alexander von Humboldt when the three were travelling in Asia. He later became a civil servant in ZweibrOcken. Since 1855 he was an Orientalist in his own right, concentrating on Tibet. He also organized exhibitions of his brothers' collections and edited accompanying catalogues. His writings include Buddhism in Tibet (1863), and Indien in Wort und Bild (1880-81). He died in ZweibrOcken, 20 October 1904. Buckland; DtBE; GdeEnc; Kosch; RNL; Stache-Rosen von Schlagintweit (Schlagintweit-SakOnIOnski), Hermann Rudolph Alfred, born 13 May 1826 at MOnchen, he studied at MOnchen and Berlin, where he received two doctorates. Supported by the King of Prussia and the East India Company he visited India and Central Asia, explorations which are embodied in Results of a scientific mission to India and High Asia (1861-66), and its translation, Reisen in Indien und Hochasien (1869-80). He was a member of Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher as well as Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaftler. He died in MOnchen, 19 January 1882. Ausland 55 (1882), pp. 136-137; DtBE; Embacher; EncBrit; GdeEnc; Kosch; Pallas; RNL

Schlagintweit, Max, born 13 November 1849 at MOnchen, he was a Bavarian officer who resigned in 1895 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He subsequently visited the Balkans and Asia Minor. His writings include Reise in Kleinasien (1898), Deutsche Kolonisationsbestrebungen in Kleinasien (1900), Verkehrswege und Verkehrsprojekte in Vorderasien (1906), and Afrikanische Kolonialbahnen (1907). He died in MOnchen, 17 April 1935. Kosch von Schlagintweit, Robert, born 27 October 1833 at MOnchen, he studied natural sciences at MOnchen and Berlin. During his student days he accompanied his brothers, Adolf and Hermann, on their explorations of India and Central Asia, the experiences of which are embodied in their collective work, Results of a scientific mission to India and High Asia (1861-66). From 1864 he was a professor of geography at the Universltat Gier!>en. He visited the United States in 1868 and 1880 on combined lecture and research tours. His writings include Die amerikanischen Eisenbahneinrichtungen (1882). He died in Gier!>en, 6 June 1885. DtBE; DtBilnd (4); Embacher; EncBrit; GdeEnc; Kosch; Master (3); Pallas; RNL von Schlagintweit-Sakiinliinski, Hermann, 1826-1882 see Schlagintweit, Hermann Rudolph Alfred von Schlatter, Adolf, born 16 August 1852 at St. Gallen, Switzerland, he studied theology and philosophy at Basel and TObingen, and later became a professor of New Testament studies successively at Greifswald, Berlin, and TObingen. He was one of the most respected conservative theologians of his time. His writings include Gottes Gerechtigkeit (1935), its translation, The righteousness of God (1995), and his autobiography, ROckblick auf meine Lebensarbeit (1952). He died in TObingen, 19 May 1938. DtBE; KOrschner,1925-1935; LuthC 75; Sezgin

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Schlauch, Lorincz (Lorenz), born 27 March 1824 at Uj-Arad, Hungary, he gained a doctorate and was ordained priest in 1873. After serving successively as a bishop of Szatmar and Naqyvarad, he was appointed cardinal in 1893. His writings on social and cultural affairs include the booklet, Der Sklavenhandel in Afrika (1889). He died 10 July 1902. GeistigeUng; Pallas; RNL Freiherr Schlechta von Wschehrd (Slechta ze Vsehrd), Ottokar Maria, born 20 July 1825 at Wien, he studied at the Unlversitat Wien, and the Orientalische Akademie. From 1848 to 1860 he served at Constantinople as a Papal interpreter. Appointed deputy director of the Orientalische Akademie in 1861, he did much to improve its academic and administrative efficiency. From 1871 to his retirement in 1886, he served in a variety of diplomatic functions in the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire His writings include Neue BruchstOcke orientalischer Poesie (1881), Revolutionen in Constantinopel in den Jahren 1807 und 1808 (1882),and he translated from the Persian Ibn Jemin's BruchstOcke (1852), as well as works of Firdawsi, Jami, and Sa'di. He died in Wien, 18 December 1894. DtBE; GdeEnc; OBL; Pallas; RNL; Vapereau

Schlee (Pasha), Paul, born 6 November 1868 at Hamburg-Altona, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1892 at the Universitat Halle with a thesis on meteorology, and became a professor of geography at a Hamburg secondary school. KOrschner,1925-19351; Sezgin Schleifer, Joel, born 19th cent., he received a Dr.phil. fromt he Universltat Wien with a thesis entitled Die Lamijah des Ibn a/-Wardi. His writings include Die Erzahlung der Sybille; ein Apokryph nach den karschunischen, arabischen und athiopischen Handschriften zu London, Oxford, Paris und Rom verottentltcbt (Wien, 1909). Scwarz

Schlette, Heinz Robert, born 28 July 1931 at Wesel, Germany, he studied theology and philosophy and received doctorates in 1958, 1959, and 1964. Since 1962 he was a professor in Bonn. His writings include Mit der Aporie leben (1997). KOrschner, 1966-2001; Sezgin Schlicht, Alfred, born in 1955, he studied Near Eastern civilization, philology of the Christian Orient, and Judaism at MOnchen,where he received a Dr.phil. in 1981 with a thesis entitled Frankreich und die syrischen Christen. After field work in 1982 in Egypt, he was a research fellow in the Orient-Institut of the Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesellschaft, Beirut. His writings include Libanon zwischen BOrgerkrieg und intern ationalem Konflikt (1986). ZKO Schlichter, Heinrich (Henry) G., born 19th cent. in Germany, where he was also educated. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century he had become a naturalized British subject and explored South Africa's ancient gold mines and cultural sites in the service of the United Kingdom, the results of which he published in the Geographical journal and Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen. He died in April of 1901 from malaria which he had contracted on his last journey to South Africa, 1897-1898. Note Schlicklin, Jean, fl. 1923., his writings include Angora; I'aube de la Turquie nouvelle (1922). BN Schlieben, Hans Joachim, born 25 May 1902 at Waldheim/Sachsen, Germany, he held a post in 1941 as an assistant in the Reichsinstitut fur Auslandische und Koloniale Forstwirtschaft in Reinbek near Hamburg. His writings include Deutsch Ost-Afrika einmal ganz anders; eine fOnfjahrige Forschungsreise (1941). KDtLK,1943; Sezgin Schliemann, Heinrich, born 6 January 1822 at Neu Buckow, Mecklenburg, Germany, to a family of modest substance, he started life as a merchant and became an archaeologist who is best remembered for his excavations at Troy in 1873, and Mycence in 1876. He died in Napoli, 26 December 1890. AnaBrit; BbD; BiD&SB; CelCen; DcScB; DtBE; DtBilnd (7); EEE; EncAm; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; GSE; Master (13); Pallas; RNL; Sezgin

Schliephake, Konrad, born in 1944, he studied geography and economics at Gie~en. He was a research fellow in the Institut fur Afrika-Kunde, Hamburg, from 1971 to 1975, when he was appointed an assistant at Geographisches Institut, Universitat WOrzburg. His writings include Erdal und regionale Entwicklung (1975), its translation, Oil and regional development (1977), Libyen; wirtschaftliche und soziale Strukturen und Entwicklung (1976), and Tunesien (1984). Note Schlobies, Hans Martin, born 15 March 1904, at Heydekrug, Ostpreutsen, Germany, he studied Oriental languages at the universities of Konigsberg and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1925 with a thesis entitled Der akkadische Wettergott in Mesopotamien. Schwarz; Thesis Schloss, Rolf W., born in 1918 at Frankfurt am Main, he was educated in Germany. In 1938 he emigrated first to France and then to Switzerland, where he remained until the end of the war, when he went to Palestine. He was a correspondent for newspapers and radio. He died in Switzerland in 1979. BioHbDtE; Sezgin

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327 Schlossinger (Schloessinger), Max, born 4 September 1877 at Heidelberg, he studied at the universities of Heidelberg, Wien, and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1902 with a thesis entitled Ibn Keisen's Kommentar zur Mo(allaqa des 'Amir ibn KultOm. He left Germany in 1903 and was briefly on the staff of the Jewish encyclopcedia in New York City, and a librarian and instructor at the Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio. He died in 1944. EncJud; JewEnc; Schwarz Schlottmann, Konstantin, born 7 March 1819 at Minden, Germany, he studied philology, philosophy, and theology at Berlin as well as the preacher seminary at Wittenberg. After qualifying as a professor of Old Testament studies, he served from 1850 to 1854 as a legation clergyman to the German Evangelical community at Constantinople. Since 1855 he was successively a professor of New Testament studies at ZOrich, Bonn, and Halle, where he died 8 November 1887. His writings include Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1857). DtBE von Schlozer, August Ludwig, born 5 July 1735 at Gaggstadt, modern Kirchberg, Germany, the son of a pastor, he studied theology at Wittenberg, to which geography and Oriental languages were added at Gottingen. He subsequently served for three years as a private tutor in Sweden, and nine years, first as a teacher, and then as a lecturer in Russian history, before returning to Gottingen as a professor of history, statistics, politics, and law. He died in Gottingen, 9 September 1809. ADtB; DtBE; DtBiind (10); EncBrit; GdeEnc; Master (2); Meyers; Pallas; RNL

von Schlozer, Leopold Ludwig, born 6 February 1859 at Stettin, Germany, he served in the army to the rank of major. His writings include Beitrage zur Kenntnis der iurkischen Armee (1900-1901), and Unter sardischen Hirten (1911). He died in 1946. KDtLK,1943; NUC, pre-1956 Schlumberger, Daniel Theodore, born 19 December 1904 at MOlhausen (Mulhouse), Alsace, he studied at Strasbourg and Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1953 with a these comotememeire entitled L'argent grec dans I'empire ecnemenide. From 1929 to 1941 he was an inspector at the Service des antiquities du Haute-commissariat de France au Levant. He had conducted his first archaeological excavations between 1936 and 1938 at the Umayyad palace of Qasr al-Khayr al-Gharbi in the Syrian desert, but it was his postwar activity as a director of the Delegation archeoloqique francaise en Afghanistan for which he is best remembered. His writings include Lashkari Bazar; une residence ghaznevide et ghoride (1978), and Surkh Kotal en Bactriane (1983). He died during a research tour at Princeton, N.J., 20 October 1972. Master (2); ObitT, 1971-75, p. 473; WhoFr, 1965/66-1971/72 Schlumberger, Leon Gustave, born 18 October 1844 at Guebwiller, Alsace, he studied medicine at Paris, where he gained his doctorate in 1872, and became a surgeon at hospitals. He also pursued an interest in history, archaeology and numismatiques, and became one of the most eminent French specialists in Byzantine history. A president of the Societe des antiquaires de France, he was elected in 1884 a member of the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. He bequeathed his collection of art and numismatics to the College de France, the lnstitut de France, and the Louvre as well as to museums in Pau, Strasbourg, and Colmar. His writings include Numismatique de I'Orient latin (1878). He died in Paris, 9 May 1929. GdeEnc; NDBA; Wininger Schlunk, Helmut, born 23 July 1906 at Bottschow, Germany, he was an Elizabeth Procter Fellow at Princeton University, 1933-34, and also studied there during the following year at the Institute of Advanced Study. He received a Dr.phil. in 1936 from the Universitat Berlin with a thesis entitled Die Ornamentik in Spanien zur Zeit der Herrschaft der Westgoten. He was in 1935 a keeper at the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, a research fellow in 1942 at Deutsches Archaoloqisches lnstitut, Madrid, and successively a professor at Valencia and Madrid. His writings include Die FrOhchristlich-Byzantinische Sammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin (1937). Bioln 1; KOrschner,19501; LC Schluter, Hans, fl. 1975, he was joint author of Index Libycus; bibliography of Libya, 1970-75 (1979). Schluter, Willy Friedrich Wilhelm, born 28 July 1873 at Hornburg, Germany, he graduated from the teachers' college at Hamburg and subsequently held a variety of posts in government offices as well as in journalism. Concurrently he pursued an interest in sociology and philosophy. He wrote Deutsches Tat-denken; Anregungen zu einer neuen Forschung und Denkweise (1912), FOhrung; die Fundamente des Tuns und FOhrens (1927), and Willy SchlOters deutscher G/aube (1937). He died in 1935. NUC, pre-1956; Sezgin; Werist's, 1935

Schmaltz, Julien Desire, born 5 February 1771 at Lorient, he served with the Dutch army in the East Indies, and as a French administrator in Senegal. In 1826, in the rank of colonel, he became a French consul at Smyrna. He died in office on 26 June 1827. Revue d'histoire des colonies, 41 (1953), pp. 265-312 Schmandt, Raymond Henry, born 20 September 1925 at Indianapolis, Ind., he graduated in 1947 from St. Louis University, and received a Ph.D. in 1952 for The German episcopate under Emperor Henry VI. In 1966 he was appointed a professor of history at St. Joseph's College, Philadelphia, Pa. His writings include The crusades (1967). ConAu 9-12; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; Master (3) Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Schmarda, Ludwig Karl, born 23 August 1819 at OlmOtz, Moravia, he studied at the universities in OlmOtz and Wien, where he gained doctorates in philosophy as well as medicine. After a few years as a military physician, he entered upon an academic career successively in Graz, Prag, and Wien, where he died, 7 April 1908. His writings include Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1853-57 (1860-61). DtBE; DtBilnd (5); Embacher; GDU; OBL; Pallas; RNL; Sezgin

Schmaus, Alois, born 28 October 1901 at Maiersreuth, Germany, he completed Slavic studies with two doctorates at the Universltat Munchen, and subsequently served from 1923 to 1944 as a German teacher and lecturer in Beograd. From 1951 to his death in MOnchen on 27 July 1970, he was a professor of Balkan studies at the Universltat MOnchen. Anali Gazi Husrev-Begove Biblioteke 1 (1972), pp. 145146; DtBE; KOrschner; Master (1); SOdost-Forschungen 29 (1970), pp. 313-316; Werist's, 1928, 1935

Schmedding, Brigitta, fl. 1973, she was the author of Romanische Madonnen der Schweiz; Holzskulpturen des 12. und 13.Jahrhunderls (Freiburg, 1974). NUC, 1973-77 Schmeller, Hans, born about 1900, he received a doctorate in 1929 from the Universitat Erlangen with a thesis entitled Technische Vorrichtungen der islamischen Welt und deren Bedeutung far die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften. His writings include Beitrage zur Geschichte der Technik in der Antike und bei den Arabern (1922). Schwarz; Sezgin Schmid, Antonia (Toni) Elisabeth Magdalena, born 25 September 1897 at Fischamend, Austria, she gained doctorates at Wien and Lund, and became an antiquary at Uppsala. She wrote Brigitta och hennes uppenbarelser (1940), as well as the reports from the scientific expedition to the north-western provinces of China under Sven Hedin entitled The cotton-clad Mila (1952), The eighty-five Siddhas (1958), and Saviours of mankind (1961-64). She died 16 December 1972. Vem sr aet, 1949-1973 Schmid, Herbert, born 17 July 1927 at Augsburg, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1954 from Evangelisch-Theologische Fakulat, Mainz, for Jahwe und die Kulttraditionen von Jerusalem, and a Dr.habil. in 1968 from the Universitat Mainz for Mose; Oberlieferung und Geschichte. He was a professor of Old Testament studies successively at Mainz and Koblenz. KOrschner, 1976-2003 von Schmid, Johan Jacob, born 22 September 1895 at den Haag, he studied at den Haag, Utrecht, and Amsterdam, and successively became a lecturer, and professor, at the Reijksuniversiteit te Leiden and the Universite libre de Bruxelles. His writings include Staatsrechtswetenschap en sociologie (1926), Rechtsphilosophie (1937), Grote denkers over staat en recht (1948), and Die Zauberflote; beschouwingen over Mozarl's opera (1956). Who's who in Belgium and Luxemburg, 1962 Schmid (von Schwarzenhorn), Johann Rudolph, born 3 March 1590 at Stein am Rhein, he was the son of a master craftsman and town official. After the premature death of his father, he grew up under the guardianship of an Austrian military officer, with whom he went in 1599 to Verona, where he trained in fine art, particularly painting. Later both went to war against the Ottomans. Schmid was made an Ottoman prisoner in 1606 and came to Constantinople as a slave. In 1624 he was ransomed by the Austrian resident and subsequently was instrumental in a peace between the Porte and the Austrian Court. He later became a permanent negotiator between Wien and the Porte, and was Austrian resident in Constantinople from 1629 to 1643. Upon his return to Wien, he was appointed a member of the war council. Knighted in 1647, he served from 1648 to 1654 as Austrian representative at Constantinople and was able to keep the Ottomans from entering the Thirty Years' War. He left some fifty drawings of views of Constantinople and vicinity. He died in Wien in 1667. ADtB; DtBE; DtBilnd (2) Schmid, Peter, born 14 March 1916 at Spiez, Switzerland, he received a doctorate in 1940 at ZOrich for Georg Bucnners Leone und Lena. He worked as a photographer and a televison reporter. His writings include Japan heute (1951), Spanische Impressionen; ein Reisebuch (1952), Nachbarn des Himme/s (1953), Indien mit und ohne Wunder (1960), and its translation, India, mirage and reality (1961). KDtLK, 1958, 1963, 19671

Schmid, Toni, 1897-1972 see Schmid, Antonia Elisabeth Magdalena Schmid, Walter, born 1 October 1912 at Bochum, he studied law at Geneve, Kiel, Berlin, MOnster and Edinburgh, receiving a Dr.jur. in 1937 at MOnster for Die "common allegiance" a/s Beschrankung der volkerrecntiicnen Handlungsfahigkeit der britischen Dominien. He entered the foreign service in 1938 and was posted to Lima, Dakar, Dacca, and Moscow. He later was in charge of regional planning, coordination, and cultural relations at the department of international cultural policy in the German foreign office. Note about the author; Thesis Schmidt, Arno S., born 1872 see Pearse, Arno Smith Schmidt, Carl, born 26 August 1868 at Hagenow, Mecklenburg, he studied Egyptology and ecclesiastical history at Leipzig and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1892 with a thesis entitled De Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

329 codice Bruciano. From 1900 to his retirement in 1935 he was a member of the Preufsische Akademie der Wissenschaften. His writings include Gnostische Schriften in koptischer Sprache (1892). He died in Cairo, 17 April 1938. In memoriam Carl Schmidt was published in 1938. DtBE; Egyptology; KClrschner, 1925-1931; LuthC 75; Wer ist's, 1909-1935

Schmidt, Dana Adams, born 15 September 1915 at Bay Village, Ohio, she was a foreign correspondent successively for United Press and the New York Times. Her writings include Anatomy of a satellite [Czechoslovakia] (1952), Journey among brave men [Kurdistan] (1964), Yemen, the unknown war (1968), and Armageddon in the Middle East (1974). Contemporary authors, 9-12; Biography and genealogy master index, (2); Shavit

Schmidt, Emil, born in 1841, he gained a doctorate. His writings include Die Expedition gegen Chiwa im Jahre 1873 (St. Petersburg, 1874), and its translation, The Russian expedition to Khiva in 1873 (Calcutta, 1876). NUC, pre-1956 Schmidt, Erich Friedrich, born 13 September 1897 at Baden-Baden, Germany, he trained at the officers' training schools in Karlsruhe and Berlin and served as an officer in the war. He was wounded on the eastern front and abandoned by the retreating German army. Eventually he was found by the Russians and cared for in one of their field hospitals. He subsequently spent four years in a Siberian prisoner of war camp until he escaped and made his way overland to Murmansk and back to Germany. He began his study at Berlin but, in 1923, he went to Columbia University, N.Y.C., where he gained a Ph.D. in 1928 with a thesis entitled Time relations of prehistoric pottery types in southern Arizona. From 1927 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago as an archaeologist. His field research ranged from the prehistoric towns in Turkey and Persia to the cities of early Islam. In 1935 he accepted the directorship of the Institute's expedition at Persepolis which lasted until the eve of the war. After his return to Chicago he worked exclusively on the publication of the results of his field work. His writings include Anatolia throughout the ages (1931), Excavations at Tepe Hissar (1937), and Persepolis (1953-70). He died in Santa Barbara, Calif., in 1964. DtBE; Journal of Near Eastern studies 24 (1965), pp. 145-48; NatCAB, vol. 51, pp. 671-672; New York Times, 5 October 1964, p. 33, cots. 2-3; Shavit; Who was who in America, 4

Schmidt, Ernst Gunther, born 16 January 1929 at Leipzig, he gained a Dr.habil. in 1963 for Der Begriff des Guten in der hellenistischen Philosophie; ein Beitrag zur Erklarung der Seneca-Briefe. He was a professor of classical philology at the Universitat Jena until his retirement in 1994. He had died in 2001. KClrschner, 1992,2001 Schmidt, Franz, born 15 August 1869 at Pinneberg, Germany, to a family of modest substance, the second of ten children, he started life as an auxiliary village teacher and organist at Jemgum. After extra mural secondary school graduation, he completed his teacher training, received a Dr.phil. in 1898 from the Universitat Leipzig for Zur Geschichte des Worles 'gut'; ein Beitrag zur Worlgeschichte der sittlichen Begriffe im Deutschen, and became a professor. He served as a director of the German school in Bucuresti from 1900 to 1905 and then entered the German foreign service as head of educational affairs. From 1915 to 1918 he served as a secretary of state in the Ottoman ministry of education in Constantinople. In the interwar years he held a variety of posts in the German educational system until he was pensioned off early in 1936. His writings include Ober den Reiz des Unterrichtens (1900), Die Balkanstaaten (1916), Aus deutscher Bildungsarbeit im Aus/and (1927-28), and his autobiography, Ein Schulmanns/eben in der Zeitenwende (1961). In 1960 he celebrated his eighty-sixth birthday in Marburg. Widmann, pp. 35-36 Schmidt, Franz Frederik, born 22 February 1882 at Altona near Hamburg, he was educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums, Hamburg, followed by brief practice work with the railway and study at the Universite de Lausanne, where he majored in natural sciences and took linguistics as a minor subject. He subsequently studied engineering at Hannover, law at Edinburgh, a subject which he also pursued at Konigsberg, Breslau, Munchen, and Berlin. He gained a Dr.jur. in 1907 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled Das Pfandrecht des Buchbinders im Verlegerkonkurs. Throughout his study he pursued philological studies, particularly Polish and Russian, which he completed in 1906 after a prolonged stay in Russia. His plan to study at Moscow University and take Arabic courses at the Lazarevski Institute failed due to political unrest in the city. After his return to Germany, he continued with Semitic studies at Koningsberg, MCmchen, Breslau, and Berlin, where he passed in 1907 the examination as interpreter for Morrocan Arabic at the Orientalisches Seminar. From 1908 he was a student of C. H. Becker in Islamic studies at the Hamburg Kolonialinstitut. In 1910 he received a Dr.phil. from the Universitat Heidelberg with a thesis entitled Die occupatio im is/amischen Recht. Schwarz; Thesis Schmidt, Geo. A., born in 1870, he was the author of Das Kolonial-wirlschaftliche Komitee (Berlin 1934), Landwirlschaftliche Nutzpflanzen Afrikas (1942), and he edited Handbuch der tropischen und subtropischen Landwirlschaft (1943). NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Schmidt, Gunther, born 18 December 1911 at Bromberg, Prussia, he was educated at Cottbus, and studied law at the Unlversitat Berlin, where he received a Dr.jur. in 1938 with a thesis entitled Die Abschaffung der Konsulargerichtsbarkeit in Agypten. Thesis

Schmidt, Gustav Friedrich, born 2 May 1877 at Mainz, Germany, he studied at Marburg, Kebenhavn, Berlin, and Leipzig, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1899 for Dber die Sprache und Heimat der Vices and Virtues. He was active in Finland. His writings include Abchasische Lehnwortstudien (Helsinki, 1950), and Uber Aufgaben und Methoden der Kaukasologie (1952). He died in 1945. NUC, pre-1956; II

II

ScBlnd (2)

Schmidt, Heinrich Jacob, born in 1897, his writings include L'expetiliion de Ctesiphon en 1931-1932 (1934), and Friedrich Sarre Schriften (1935). NUC, pre-1935 Schmidt, Helmut Dan Reinhard, born 9 March 1915 at Beuthen, Germany, he studied at Breslau, London, and Jerusalem. After discharge from war-time service with the Royal Engineers in Egypt and Italy, he became a member of the History Department in the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. From 1950 to 1952 he was a British Council scholar at Oxford, undertaking research into German concepts of British policy. In 1952 he joined Carmel College, Wallingford, Berks. ConAu 9-12; IntAu&W, 1977;

WhoWor, 1978/79-1982; WhoWorJ, 1965; WrDr, 1976/78-1982/84

Schmidt (Shmidt), Isaak Jacob (IAkov Ivanovich), born in 1779 at Amsterdam. Economoc conditions after the French revolution obliged him to go to Russia in 1799. He spent from 1804 to 1806 in Central Asia and the Caucasus with nomadic people, learning their languages. He became an authority on Eastern languages. In 1827 he received a doctorate from the Universitat Rostock. His writings include Sprache der Uiguren (1818), Forschungen im Gebiet der elteren religiosen, politischen und literarischen Bildungsgeschichte der Volker Mittel-Asiens (c1824, 1972), Grammatik der mongolischen Sprache (1831), its translations '-paMMamuKa MOHaOflbCKaao fl3blKa (1832), and Grammaire mongole (1870), Mongolen (1834), and Mongolen-Inschriften (1834), and he edited Die Taten des Bogda Gesser Chan (1836). He died in St. Petersburg, 1847. Aa; ADtB; GSE Schmidt, Johann Jacob, born in 1691, he was the author of Biblischer Physicus (1731), Biblischer Mathematicus (1736), Biblischer Geographicus (1740), and Biblischer Medicus (1743). NUC, pre-1956 Schmidt, Johann Rudolph, Freiherr von Schwarzenhorn, 1590-1667 see Schmid, Johann Rudolph Schmidt, Jurqen, born 23 June 1929 at Berlin, he was educated in Berlin until 1943, when he was evacuated first to northern Germany and then in early 1945 to Denmark, where he spent two years in a refugee camp. After matriculation in Berlin, he did practice work as a bricklayer, before studying architecture at the Technische Unlversitat Berlin. He there served for two years as an assistant at the Institut of history of architecture, before joining excavations in Syria, and travelling in the Near East, Egypt, the Balkans, and Italy. In 1962 he received a doctorate at Berlin with a thesis entitled Die agglutierende Bauweise im Zweistromland und in Syrien. Thereafter he worked as a free-lance architect in a town planning firm in western Germany. He was joint author of Sasanidische und tranis/amische Ruinen im Iraq (1977). Schwarz; Thesis Schmidt, Monique, fl. 1970, she gained a doctorate in geography and was a sometime chargee d'eiuties at the Direction departernentale de l'Agriculture de la Reunion. Note Schmidt, Nathaniel, born 22 May 1862 at Hudiksvall, Sweden, he studied at his home town, at Stockholm, Colgate University, and Berlin. He was a professor of Oriental languages successively at Colgate University, and Cornell University from 1896 to his death on 29 June 1939. His writings include Ibn Khaldun, historian, sociologist and philosopher (1930). DAB, S2; LuthC 75; Master (3); Shavit; Vern ar det, 1925; WhAm 1; Who was who, 3A, 4

Schmidt, Walter Josef, born 11 August 1923 at Urbau, Austria, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1949 at Wien, where he later served for a number of years at the Technische Hochschule Wien as a lecturer. He subsequently became a general manager for exploration of the Texas Gulf Sulphur Company of New York. KOrschner, 1970-1992; WhoAustria, 1959/60-1977/78 Schmidt, Walther August, born 9 March 1888 at Zerbst, Anhalt, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1913 from the Universitat Halle with a thesis entitled Das sOdwestliche Arabien. He was a professor of economic geography at the Handelshochschule Cothen until its closure in 1924. His writings include Geographie der Welthande/sgOter (1925), and Der Orient; Inner- und Nordasien (1927). He had died when his Prinzess Henriette Amalie von Anhalt-Dessau, die BegrOnderin der FOrstlichen Amalienstiftung in Dessau was published in 1937. KOrschner,1928/29; Note; Schwarz; Sezgin Schmidt, Wilhelm, born 16 February 1868 at Horde-Dortmund, Germany, he lived from 1883 at the mission house of the Societas Verbi Divini, Steyl, Netherlands, and was ordained in 1892. He Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

331 subsequently studied theology, philosophy, and Oriental languages at Berlin and Wien. Since 1895 he taught ethnology and linguistics at the mission house St. Gabriel in Modling, Austria, and since 1921 he served many years as a lecturer and professor of ethnology and linguistics at Wien, where he established a Viennese school of ethnology. Since 1927 he was a director of the Museo MissionarioEtnologico Lateranense in Roma; in 1932 he founded the Anthropos-Institut in St. Augustin; and in 1938 he emigrated to Switzerland, where he held the chair of ethnology and linguistics at Fribourg since 1942. Concurrently he was from 1906-22 and 1937-49 a founding editor of Anthropos. His writings include Rasse und Volk (1927), Handbuch der Methode der kulturhistorischen Ethnologie (1937), and Der Ursprung der Gottesidee (1912-55). He died in Fribourg, 10 February 1954. J. Henninger wrote P. Wilhelm Schmidt, S. V.D., 1868-1954; eine biographische Skizze (1956). Anthropos 49 (1954), pp. 627-658, reprinted in PorLing, v. 2, pp.287-8; DtBE; KUrschner,1925; luthC 75; Master (3); Wer; WhE&EA

Schmidt( -Eisenlohr), Wilhelm Friedrich, born in 1913, he gained a doctorate at Messina, Transvaal. His writings include Art und Entwicklung der Bodenerosion in SOdrul3land (1952), and Drei Studien zur Geologie und Geographie; Gedenkschrift zum 70. Geburtstag (1983). KUrschner, 19611; lC; Note Schmidt-Dumont, Franz Frederick, fl. 1932-43, he purports to have gained two doctorates. He spent many years in the Middle East where he travelled most countries in the area. In 1936 he was a representative of the Deutsches Nachrichtenburo in Ankara. His experiences in Turkey are embodied in his Ex Oriente? BruchstOcke einer gefOhlvollen Reise im Morgenlande von heute (Istanbul, 1932). Note

Schmidt-Dumont, Marianne, she received a Dr.phil. in 1970 from the Universltat Freiburg im Breisgau with a thesis entitled Turkmenische Herrscher des 15. Jahrhunderts in Persien und Mesopotamien. In 1993 she was affiliated with the overseas section of the Deutsches Obersee Institut, Hamburg. EURAMES, 1993; Schwarz

Schmiedl, Adolph Abraham, born 26 January 1821 at lvancice (Eibenschitz), Moravia, he was a rabbi who held office successively at Gewitsch (Jevickoj.Teschen (Cesky Tesin), and Protsnitz (Prosteiov), and Wien. His writings include Studien Ober jOdische, insbesonders jOdisch-arabische Religionsphilosophie (1869), and Sensinnim; Betrachtung zu den fOnf BOchern Mosis (1885). He died in Wien on 7 November 1913. DtBE; EncJud; JewEnc; OBl; Wininger Schmitt, Alfred, born 1 April 1888 at Rixdorf near Berlin, he received doctorates at Rostock for theses entitled Untersuchungen zur allgemeinen Akzentlehre mit einer Anwendung auf den Akzent des Griechischen und Lateinischen, and Akzent und Diphthongierung in 1922 and 1930 respectively. From 1935 to 1956 he was successively a professor of comparative linguistics at Erlangen and Munster. His writings include Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Schrift (1940). He died in Manchen, 1 January 1976. DtBE; KUrschner, 1935-1976; Weristwer, 1950-1974/75 Schmitt, Charles Bernard, born 4 August 1933 at Louisville, Ky., he graduated from Louisville University with the class of 1956. He was trained, and for a while worked as, a chemical engineer before entering in 1957 the Philosophy Department of Columbia University. He received a Ph.D. in 1963 and then taught in the philosophy departments at Fordham University and U.C.L.A. In 1967 he took up a temporary research fellowship in the History of Science Division at Leeds University. In 1973 he became lecturer in history of science and philosophy at the Warburg Institute, enhancing its international reputation until his untimely death in Padua on 15 April 1986. His writings include Gianfranco Pico della Mirandola and his critique of Aristotle (1967), and the two collections of his articles, Studies in Renaissance philosophy and science (1981), and The Aristotelian tradition and Renaissance universities (1984). British journal for the history of science 19 (1986), p. 337; ConAu 119; DrAS, 1969 P; WhoWor, 1984/85

Schmitt, Rudiger, born 1 June 1939 at WOrzburg, he gained doctorates in 1965 and 1969, and was since 1971 a professor of Indo-European languagues at Saarbrucken. His writings include Dichtung und Dichtersprache in indogermanischer Zeit (1967), and Die Iranier-Namen bei Aischylos (1978). KUrschner, 1987-2001; Schoeberlein

Schmitt-Rink, Gerhard, born 22 January 1926 at Wiesbaden, he gained doctorates in 1962 and 1965 and became a professor of economics at the Universltat Bochum. His writings include Wachstumstheorie (1975), and he was joint author of Aul3enhandel und terms of trade Afghanistans, 1961-1975 (1979). Kurschner, 1987-2001 Schmitthenner, Heinrich, born 3 May 1887 at Neckarbischofsheim, Germany, he received a doctorate in geography in 1913 at Heidelberg for his thesis, Die Oberflachengestaltung des nordlichen Schwarzwaldes. He was professor of geography and director of Geographisches Institut, Marburg. His writings include Lebensraume im Kampf der Kulturen (1938). He died in Marburg, 19 February 1957. KUrschner,1954; Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen 98 (1954), pp. 241-243 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

332 Schmitz, Helge, fl. 1979, she gained a doctorate in 1969 at the Unlversitat Koln with a thesis entitled G/azial-morphologische Untersuchungen im Bergland Nordwestspaniens. Schmitz, Michael, born 30 November 1860 at Wesseling near Koln, he studied Oriental languages at Bonn and Leipzig until a serious lung ailment obliged him to a lengthy stay in a southern climate, a period which he utilized to study Romance languages. He returned in the autumn of 1896 to Bonn, where he completed his Dr.phil. in 1899 with a thesis entitled Dber das altspanische Poema de Jose. His trace is lost after a periodical article in 1910. Thesis Schmitz, Rudolf, born 17 February 1918 at Siegburg, Germany. After he had gained his two doctorates, he became a professor of history of pharmacy and natural sciences as well as a director of the lnstitut fur Geschichte der Pharmazie in the Universltat Marburg, where he served until his retirement. His writings include Das Apothekerwesen von Stadt- und Kurtrier (1960), and Morser, Kolben, Phiolen (1966). He died 14 May 1992. KOrschner, 1966-1992; WhoWor, 1974/75 Schmolders, Franz August, born 28 November 1809 at Rhede, Westphalia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1836 from the Unlversitat Bonn with a thesis entitled Documenta philosophicae Arabum. On 24 JUly 1862 he delivered his inaugural lecture at the Universltat Breslau. He was the first German to write a history of Islamic philosophy. His writings include Essai sur les ecotes philosophiques chez les Arabes, et notamment sur la doctrine d'Algazzali (1842). He died in 1880. FOck, p. 322; GV; Sezgin Schmucker, Werner, born about 1940, he received a Dr.phil. in 1968 for Die pflanzliche und mineralische Materia Medica im Firdaus al-Hikma des 'Ali ibn Sahl Rabban at-Tabari, and also a Dr.habil. in 1972 for Untersuchungen zu einigen wichtigen bodenrechtlichen Konsequenzen der islamischen Eroberungsbewegung. He was a professor of Arabic and Islamic studies at Orientalisches Seminar in the Universltat Bonn. His writings include Krise und Erneuerung im libanesischen Drusentum (1979). KOrschner, 1987-2003; Schwarz

Schnaiberg, Allan, born 20 August 1939 at Montreal, P.Q., he graduated from McGill University, Montreal, with the class of 1960, and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from the University of Michigan with a thesis entitled Some determinants and consequences of modernism in Turkey. He was a professor, and sometime chairman, in the Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include The environment, from surplus to scarcity (1980). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; NatFacDr, 1995-2000; WhoAm, 1980-1988/89

Schnapper, Bernard, born 14 May 1927 at Paris, he gained a doctorate in history of jurisprudence in 1956 at Paris. After teaching at Dakar, became affiliated with the Faculte de droit de l'Unlversite de Bordeaux. His writings include Les rentes au XVle siecte, histoire d'un instrument de credit (1957), and La politique et Ie commerce trenceis dans Ie Golfe de Guinee (1961). BN; Unesco SchneefuB, Walter, born 7 September 1899 at Donawitz, Austria, he studied at Prag, Heidelberg, Leipzig, and Wien, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1923 with a thesis entitled Csterreichs Politik auf dem Pariser Kongref3, 1856. He was successively a school teacher, and a professor of political geography at the Unlversltat Graz. His writings include Das britische Weltreich (1940), Die Kroaten und ihre Geschichte (1942), and Asien; fOnfJahrtausende Geschichte (1950). KOrschner, 1931, 1935 Schneider, Alfons Maria, born 16 June 1896 at Sankt Blasien, Germany, he studied theology, comparative religion, Oriental languages, and history of art. He was ordained a Catholic priest and received a doctorate in 1926. Since 1927 he participated in numerous excavations in Greece, Palestine, and Turkey. After a second doctorate in Christian archaeology, he became a lecturer in Byzantine and early Islamic architecture and archaeology at Gottingen. He later served at the Universitat Prag (1942), Deutsches Archaoloqisches lnstitut, Istanbul (1943), and Universitat Gottingen (1944). His writings include Ein frOhislamischer Bau am See Genesareth (1937), Die Grabung im Westhof der Sophienkirche zu Istanbul (1941), Galata; topographisch-archaologischer Plan (1944), and Konstantinopel; Gesicht und Gestalt einer geschichtlichen Weltmetropole (1956). He died in Aleppo, 4 October 1952. DtBE; Index Islamicus (2); KOrschner, 1940/41-1950 Schneider, Benjamin, born 18 January 1807 at Hanover, Pa., he was a graduate of Amherst and Andover, and later gained a doctorate. From 1833 to 1875 he devoted himself to missionary work in Turkey, first at Bursa, where he learned to be equally fluent in both Greek and Turkish; then for nearly twenty years at Aintab (Gaziantep). After a furlough in the U.S.A., he returned for a second stay in and around Bursa. His last work abroad was in response to a call for help in Turkish and Greek work in the Theological Seminary at Marsovan (Merzifon). His Letters from Asia Minor were published in 1837. He died in Boston, 14 September 1877. DAB; Missionary herald 85 (1889), pp. 184-185; Shavit; WhAm, H Schneider, Gerd, fl. 1966, his writings include Geometrische Bauelemente der Seldschuken in Kleinasien (1980); he was joint author of Pflanzliche Bauelemente der Seldschuken in Kleinasien (1989). Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

333 Schneider, Irene, born 28 January 1959 at Waldkirch, Germany, she received a Dr.phil. in 1989 from the Universitat TObingen with a thesis entitled Das Bild des Richters in der adab-al-qadi-Literatur. In 1989 she became affiliated with Orientalisches Seminar in the Universitat Koln as an assistant. Private Schneider, Jane Catherine nee Thompson, born in 1938, she received a Ph.D. in 1965 from the University of Michigan with a thesis entitled Patrons and clients in the Italian political system. In 1971 she was affiliated with York College, C.U.N.Y. She was joint author of Culture and political economy in western Sicily (1976). LC; NUC, 1968-72 Schneider, Ludwig (Louis) Wilhelm, born 29 April 1805 at Berlin, he was an actor and singer who was obliged to give up his stage career in 1848 on account of his royalist sympathies. He subsequently became a librarian of the Prussian King's private library. From 1866 to 1870 he was a war correspondent for the Staatsanzeiger. He died in BehlertsbrOck near Potsdam, 16 December 1878. DtBE Schneider, Madeleine, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in 1975 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Steles funeraires musulmanes des ties Dahlak (mer Rouge). Her writings include Mubarak al-Makki; an Arabic lapicide of the third/ninth century (Manchester, 1986). LC; THESAM, 3 Schneider, Marius, born 1 July 1903 at Hangenau, Alsace, he studied music at Strasbourg and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1930 with a thesis entitled Die Ars nova des XIV. Jahrhunderts in Frankreich und Italien. After post-dotoral work at London and Oxford, he went to North Africa to study native African music. On the invitation of the Spanish Government he emigrated in 1943 to Barcelona, returning to Germany in 1950 as a music-ethnologist. His writings include EI origin musical de los animales - sfmbolos en la mitologfa y la escultura antigas (1946). He died in MOnchen, 10 July 1982. BioHbDtE; DtBE; KOrschner, 1950-1983; Master (1)

Schneider, Oskar, born 18 April 1840 or 41 at t.obau, Saxony, he studied geography and natural sciences at Leipzig, where he gained a doctorate. In 1867 he went to Egpyt, where he served at the home of the German consul general for two years as a private tutor. During his stay he had a chance to visit Upper Egypt, Palestine, and the Suez Canal. He subsequently found a position as a school teacher in Dresden. In 1875 he went on a lengthy excursion to Armenia and the Caucasus. He returned home by way of Constantinople. His writings include Naturwissenschaftliche Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Kaukasuslander (1878), and Deragyptische Smaragd (1892). He died 8 September 1903. DtBiind (5); Hinrichsen; Note Schneider, R., born 20th cent., he was affiliated with l'Ecole des hautes etudes, Paris. His writings include L'expression des complements de verbe et de nom et la phrase de I'adjective epithete en gueze (1959). BN; LC Schnell, Paul, born in 1860 at MOhlhausen, Thuringia, he received a doctorate in 1891 from the Universitat Gottingen with a thesis entitled Das marokkanische A tlasgebirge , a work which was published in a French translation entitled L'Atlas marocain (1898). He was a teacher at his home town. NUC, pre-1956; Thesis

Schneller, Hermann, fl. 1952-1955 at Khirbet Kanafar, Lebanon, he was affiliated with Johann-LudwigSchneller-Schule in Khirbet Kanafar, a branch of the orphanage, Syrisches Waisenhaus, founded in 1860 in Jerusalem. Note about the author Schneller, Theodor, born 19th cent., he carried on the missionary work in Jerusalem, which his father, Ludwig Schneller (15 January 1820-18 October 1896), had begun. Note about the author Schnepp, Bernard, born 19th cent., he gained a doctorate. His writings include Du climat de I'Egypte (1862), Climats de I'Afrique septentrionale (1865), and Le pelerinage de la Mecque; lntkietes qui ont vist» la, Mecque, Djedda ... (1865). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Schnetz, Josef, born 28 November 1873 at Wien, he received a Dr.phil. in 1921 from the Universitat WOrzburg for Arabien beim Geographen von Ravenna. He was an editor of the Zeitschrift tcr Ortsnamenforschung. His writings include Untersuchungen Ober die Quellen der Kosmographie des anonymen Geographen von Ravenna (1942). He died 2 August 1952. GV; KOrschner, 1928/29-1950; LC Schnetzler, Jacques, born 20th cent., his writings include Les Industries et les hommes dans la region de Saint-Etienne; etude de geographie humaine (1975), and Le Developoement algerien (1981). LC Schnittger, Otto, born 20th cent., his writings include Der Libanon im Kreuzfeuer; eine Zeittafel (1993). Schnitzer, Eduard, 1840-1892 see Emin Pasha von Schnurrer, Christian Friedrich, born 28 October 1742 at Canstadt, Worttemberg, he studied theology and Semitic languagues at the Universitat TObingen, where he received doctorates, and later Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

334

became a professor in his subjects as well as a university chancellor. His writings include De Pentateucho arabico polyglotto (1780), Biographische und litterarische Nachrichten von ehemaligen Lehrern der nebreiscnen Litteratur in Tubinqen (1792), and Bibliothecre erebtce: specimen ... (17991802). He died in TObingen, 10 November 1822. DtBiind (6)

Schnurrer, Friedrich, born 6 June 1784 at TObingen, he completed his medical study at TObingen, to which WOrzburg, Bamberg, GOttingen, and Berlin were added later. He practised at TObingen. His writings include Geographische Nosologie (1813), and Chronik der Seuchen (1823-25). He died in Biebrich on Rhein, 9 April 1833. DtBE Schnyder, Rudolf, born about 1930, he received a Dr.phil. in 1958 from the Universitat Bern with a thesis entitled Die Baukeramik und der mittelalterliche Backsteinbau des Zisterzienserklosters St. Urban. He was a keeper at Schweizerisches Landesmuseum, ZOrich. His writings include the three booklets, Porzellan und Fayence im Zunfthaus zur Meisen (1970), Keramik des Mittelalters (1972), and Zurcher Staatsaltertumer (1975). LC; Note about the author de Schodt, Alphonse Fldele Benoit Constantin, .born 19 November 1827 at Grave, northern Brabant, he was educated at colleges in Ypres and Tongres (Tongeren), before embarking on the study of law at Bruxelles, where early in his career he found employment in a registrar's office as a licentiate in law. He remained in public office throughout his life and when he retired he had advanced to the post of director general of the Enregistrement et des Domains, a post which afforded him time to pursue his interest in numismatics. He left an important collection in this field, apart from numerous contributions to a wide range of periodicals. He died in Ixelles, 16 February 1892. BioNBelg 21 (1911/13),740-741

Schoedl, Peter F., born 20th cent., he studied at Hochschule fur Welthandel, Wien, and frequently visited the Middle East, since 1954 on business affairs, and since 1960 as a political and commercial correspondent. In 1962 he was a representative of the Osterreichische Landerbank in Beirut. Note about the author

Schoedsack, Ernest Beaumont, born in 1893 in Iowa, he was a photographer and a movie maker who was the first to document the annual migration of the Bakhtiyaris to their Zagros summer pastures in 1925. He died in 1979. Biography index, 11, 12; Biography and genealogy master index (9); Shavit Schoelcher, Victor, born in 1804 to a wealthy manufacturing family at Paris, but little inclined toward a commercial career. After visiting the Untited States in 1829, he became a vocal partisan of the antislavery cause. Since 1826 he became known as France's greatest advocate for the ending of slavery in the empire. From 1845 to 1847 he made a Journey to Greece, Egypt, Turkey, and West Africa to study slavery. He held the post of sous-secreteite d'etat at the Minlstere de la Marine in 1848, and he prepared the decrees abolishing slavery in the French colonies. In his later years, he campaigned for the abolition of capital punishment in France. His writings include Abolition de I'esclavage (1840), Des colonies irenceises (1842), L'Egypte en 1845 (1846), and Potemaue coloniale (1871-85). He died in Houilles in 1893. ACAB; Baker, 1978, 1984; Biography index, 8; Glaeser; IndexBFr 2 (9); Biography and genealogy master index (3); Vapereau

Schoeler, Gregor, born 27 July 1944 at WaldshutlBaden, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1972 at Gier1en for his thesis, Arabische Naturdich tung. Since 1972 he was a professor of Islamic studies at the Universitat Basel. He edited Der Diwan des Abu Nuwas (1982). International who's who in Asian studies, 1976/77; Who's who in Asian studies in Switzerland, 1989

Schoell, Franck Louis, born 19 August 1889 at Amiens, he was educated at the Lycee de Chartres, Louis-Ie-Grand, Paris, l'Ecole Normale Superieure, and Cambridge University. From 1913 to 1927 he was successively a professor at Chicago and Berkeley, Calif., and subsequently was affiliated with international societies until 1968. The Uniwersytet L6dzki awarded him an honorary doctorate. His writings include Le folklore au village (1922), and La question des Noires aux Etats-Unis (1923). He died 23 January 1982. WhuFr, 1959/60-1981/82 Schoen, Paul, fl. in 1960, he was the author of Comment apprendre a parler I'arabe? (Alger, 1960).

BN

Schoen, Ulrich, born 3 October 1926 at MOnchen, he gained a Dr.sc.agr. in 1953, and received a Dr.theol. in 1972 from the Universitat Heidelberg with a thesis entitled Determination und Freiheit im arabischen Denken heute. He was a professor at the Unlversltat Mainz. His writings include Das Ereignis und die Antwort; auf der Suche nach einer Theologie der Religionen heute (1984), and Jean Faure, 1907-1967, Missionar und Theologe in Afrika und im Islam (1984). KOrschner, 1983-2003 Schoenberg, Philip Ernest, born in 1948, he received a Ph.D. in 1978 from New York University with a thesis entitled Palestine in the year 1914. LC; Selim, 1983 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

335 Schoenfeld, Emil Christian Dagobert, born 9 June 1833 at Putzig, Prussia, he studied theology at Berlin, Heidelberg and Halle, and was a chaplain until he resigned his post in order to study ancient northern European history and literature at Kebenhavn's Universitet, completing it in 1899 at the Unlversltat Rostock with a thesis entitled Das Pferd im Dienste des Islanders zur Saga-Zeit. His writings include Aus den Staaten der Barbaresken (1902), Erythraa und der agyptische Sudan, auf Grund eigener Forschung an art und Stelle dargestellt (1904), and Die Halbinsel des Sinai in ihrer Bedeutung nach Erdkunde und Geschichte, auf Grund eigener Forschung an (1907). He died in Jena in September of 1916. Werist's, 1909, 1912

art und

Stelle dargestellt

Schoff, Wilfred Harvey, born in 1874 at Newtonville, Mass., he was a Harvard graduate, and a sometime university lecturer in foreign trade. Since 1900 he was a secretary of the Commercial Museum in Philadelphia, Pa., and concurrently served as a secretary to the American Oriental Society. He died in 1932. WhAm, 1 Schofield, Geoffrey, born 26 December 1919 at Bradford, Yorkshire, where he was educated at Belle Vue Grammar School. He subsequently served with the Royal Air Force as an aerial photographer from 1936 to 1940 when he was invalided after a crash. After mature matriculation studies from 1948 to 1949, he took a degree course in Arabic and Persian at SOAS. In 1953 he joined the Library of SOAS; he retired in 1982 as principal assistant librarian and head of the Middle East Section. He was a R.A.F. Apprentices Fencing Champion, 1937. He also pursued interests in painting, music, and literature as well as mathematics. He died 23 May 1987. Private Schofield, James Leonard, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the University of Technology, Loughborough, and the Library Research Unit, Cambridge University. He was joint author of Work measuring techniques and library management (1976), and Staff deployment in a multi-site polytechnic library (1977). LC Scholch, Alexander, born 19 October 1943 at Mosbach, Germany, he was an outstanding German scholar in the field of Middle Eastern studies, who had studied history, political science, international law, and Oriental languages at Heidelberg, Munchen, and Oxford. He was successively a research fellow, lecturer, and professor, at Freie Universitat Berlin, and the universities of Essen and Erlangen. His writings include Agypten den Agyptern; die politische und gesellschaftliche Krise der Jahre 18781882 (1972), its translation, Egypt for the Egyptians (1981), and Petestine im Umbruch (1986). He died suddenly, 29 August 1986. Index Islamicus (4); KOrschner, 1983, 1987; Orient (27 (1986), pp. 345-46 Scholem, Gershom (Gerhard), born 5 December 1897 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1922 from the Universltat Munchen with a thesis entitled Das Buch Bahir. He emigrated in 1923 to Palestine, where he became a head of the Hebrew University Library, and a professor of Jewish mysticism. His writings include Alchemie und Kabbala (1925), and Major trends in Jewish mysticism (1941). He died in 1982. AnObit, 1982, pp. 88-90; ConAu 45-48,106, new rev. 39; DtBE; KOrschner,1935; Master (7); Wholsrael, 19491980/81; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Scholl-Latour, Peter, born 9 March 1924 at Bochum, Germany, he was a journalist, editor, and radio and televison commentator. He was a self-styled expert on Third World affairs, particularly the Middle East. He was a prolific and popular writer. Werist wer, 1984-2001/2 Schollgen, Gregor, born 20 February 1952 at Dusseldorf, he was a professor of modern history at the Universltat Erlangen-Nurnberg. His writings include Imperialismus und Gleichgewicht; Deutschland, England und die orientalische Frage (1984), and Das Zeitalter des Imperialismus (1986). KOrschner, 1987-2001

Schollmeyer, Chrysologus, fl. 1956, he was the author of Leitbilder priesterlicher Berufung (1960), Osterjubel der Ostkirche (1961), and Die Ostkirche lebt (1962). GV; LC Scholten, Arnhild, fl. 1982, she received a Dr.phil. in 1975 from the Universitat Bochum for Landerbeschreibung und Landerkunde im is/amischen Kulturraum des 10. Jahrhunderts. Schwarz; Sezgin

Scholtens, Koos, born 12 July 1897 at Alphen aid Rijn, he studied mining engineering at the Technische Hogeschool te Delft, and became an industrial consultant to the oil industry. From 1956 to 1959 he served with the Iranian Oil Consortium. Wie is dat, 1956; WhoNL, 1962/63 Scholz, Fred, born 22 May 1939 at Liegnitz, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1967 at Karlsruhe with a thesis entitled Die Schwarzwald-Platten. Since 1980 he was a professor at the centre for underdeveloped area research at Freie Universltat Berlin. His writings include Beluchistan (Pakistan); eine sozialgeographische Studie (1974), Muscat, Sultanat Oman; geographische Skizze (1990), Nom adism us; Bibliographie (1992), Nom adism us; Theorie und Wandel einer soziookotoqischen

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336 Kulturweise (1995), and he was joint author of Strukturwandlungen im nomadisch-bauerlichen Lebensraum des Orients (1970), and Bedouins, wealth, and change (1980). KOrschner, 1992,2001

Scholz, Johannes Martin Augustin, born 8 February 1794 at Kapsdorf, Silesia, he was a philologist and Biblical scholar who in 1820 and 1821 accompanied general Heinrich Menu von Minutoli on his travels to Egypt and Syria. He was appointed in 1821 a professor of theology at Bonn, and in 1831 a canon at Koln. His writings include Reise in die Gegend zwischen Alexandrien und Perstonium, die libysche Wilste, Siwa, Agypten, Palastina und Syrien in den Jahren 1820 und 1821 (1822), and Biblischkritische Reise ... in den Jahren 1818-1821 (1923). He died in Bonn 20 October 1852. ADtB , vol. 32 (1891), pp. 226-227; DcBiPP; Egyptology

Scholze, Charlotte Dorothee Christa nee Hausmann, born 27 October 1937 at Wismar, Germany, she studied history, education and English at Leipzig, where she received a Dr.phil. in 1965 for Zum Charakter der Kolonialpolitik des englischen Imperialismus im Irak in der Zeit von 1932 bis 1939. During her study she completed a complementary course at the Oriental Institute, Lomonosov University, Moscow Thesis Schomann, Heinz, born 13 June 1939 at Frankfurt am Main, he studied German, history and politics, and, as minor subjects, fine art and archaeology, gaining a doctorate in 1972 at Frankfurt with a thesis entitled Die ehemalige Zisterzienserabtei Staffarda; ein Beitrag zu der Backsteinarchitecktur des 12.13. Jahrhunderts in Oberitalien. Since 1972 he was a conservationist of the city of Frankfurt am Main. His travel guides include Lombardei (1981), Iberische Halbinsel (1996), Portugal und Nordspanien (1996), Zentralspanien (1997), and he was joint author of Denkmaltopographie (1994). LC; Thesis Schomberg, Reginald Charles Francis, born in 1880. After Oxford he joined the Army and served in Egypt and India. He retired in 1928 with the rank of colonel; between 1936 and 1943 he was posted in a consular capacity to India and Persia. His writings include Peaks and plains of Central Asia (1933), Between the Oxus and the Indus (1935), Unknown Karakoram (1936), and Kafirs and glaciers (1938). He died in 1958. Who was who, 5 Schon, James Frederick, born Jacob Friedrich on 28 December 1803 at Oberweiler, WOrttemberg, he trained at Basel and Islington for missionary work. He first went to Africa in 1841, and from 1843 to 1847 he was in the service of the Church Missionary Society in Sierra Leone. After his return to England for health resaons, he was posted from 1865 to 1883 to Chatham as a chaplain of the Royal Marine Infirmatory. Concurrently he pursued an interest in Hausa studies with the help of a native speaker. His writings include Journals of the Rev. James F. Schon and Mr Samuel Crowther, who ... accompanied the expedition up the Niger, in 1841, in behalf of the Church Missionary Society (1842), Dictionary of the Hausa language (1876), and Grammar of the Mende language (1882). He died in Chatham, 30 March 1889. ADtB; Afrikanistik; Boase; DtBE Schone, Hermann, born 18 April 1870 at Halle, he received a Dr.phil. in 1893 from the Universttat Bonn with a thesis entitled De Aristoxeni ttu» TfJ~ 'Hpol/.IIAou atptotux; libro tertio decimo a Galeno adhibito. He was a professor of classical philology successively at Konigsberg, Basel, Greifswald, and MOnster. He died about 1941. DtBE; KOrschner, 1925-1940/41; Werist's, 1922-1935 Schonfeld, Jutta nee Klamke, born 20 September 1942 at Konigsberg, Germany, she studied Romance languages and Arabic at Freiburg im Breisgau and Freie Unlversitat, Berlin, where she received an M.A. in 1962 and a Dr.phil. in 1976 with a thesis entitled Uber die Steine; das 14. Kapitel aus dem IlKitab a/-Mursid des Muhammad Ibn Ahmad at- TamTmT. Schwarz ll

Schonfelder, Ingo, born 20th cent., he studied law at Leipzig, where he later became a lecturer in law of the Middle East and North Africa at the Sektion Afrika- und Nahostwissenschaften. KOrschner, 19921 Schoonover, Kermit Athol, born 3 JUly 1909 at Byers, Kan., he graduated from Friends University with the class of 1930, received a B.D. from Hartford Theological Seminary, and a Ph.D. in 1948 from Harvard University with a translation entitled Kitab et-Ri'ey« Ii-huquq Allah. He was a sometime Bible teacher at Friends School, Palestine, and a minister, Friends Church, Clintondale, N.Y. He served for twelve years as a professor at A.U.C. before joining the academic staff of Perkins School of Theology at Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Tex. DrAS, 1969 P; Selim Schop Soler, Ana Maria, born in 1940 at Barcelona, she was the author of Un siglo de relaciones otptomettces y comerciales entre Espana y Russia, 1733-1833 (1984). LC Schopfer, Jean, born 28 May 1868 at Morges, Switzerland, he was educated at the Sorbonne and l'Ecole du Louvre, Paris. He was a novelist, playwright, historian, and travel writer who published under the pseudonym Claude Anet. His writings include Feuilles persanes (1924), Le Perse et I'esprit persan (1925), and Ariane (1932). He died in Paris, 9 January 1931. TwCAu Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Schopflin, Gyorgy (George) Andras, born 24 November 1939 at Budapest, he was educated at Glasgow. He later served as a radio commentator and a lecturer in East European political institutions at LSE. His writings include The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe; a handbook (1970), Hungary between prosperity and crisis (1981), and he was joint editor of Post-communist transition (1992), and State building in the Balkans (1998). Biograf, 2002; ConAu, 29-32; Fekete; MagyarNKK, 1992-2000 Schorger, William Davison, born in 1921 at Madison, Wisc., he received a Ph.D. in 1952 from Harvard University for The stonecutters of Mediouna; the resistance to acculturation in a Moroccan village. He taught for two years at A.U.B. and was since 1962 a professor of anthropology, and a sometime director, Center of Near East and North African Studies at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. AmM&WS, 1973 S; MESA Roster of members, 1977-1990; Selim

Schorlemmer, Carl, born 30 September 1834 at Darmstadt, Germany, he was educated at his home town, where he also trained as a pharmacist. He subsequently began to study chemistry at Heidelberg and Gief1en. In 1859 he went to Manchester where he advanced to become England's first professor of organic chemistry. His writings include The rise and development of organic chemistry (1879), and its translations Origine et developpement de la chimie organique (1885), and Der Ursprung und die Entwick/ung der organischen Chemie (1889). He died in Manchester on 27 June 1892. DcScB; DNB; DtBilnd (3); DtBE; Master (1)

Schot, J. G., born 19th cent., he was the author of Mos/emen en Christendom (Leiden, 1889), Kolonisatie in onze Oost; sociaal-economische studie (Amsterdam, 1889), and Ons overzeesch bezit en de sociale quaestie (1891). Brinkman's Schott, Arthur Carl Victor, born 27 February 1814 at Stuttgart, he served as an agricultural administrator in southern Hungary before he went in 1850 to the United States. His writings include Contes romains (1982). He died in Georgetown near Washington, D.C., 26 July 1875. BiGAW; DtBiind (4); Biography and genealogy master index (5)

Schott, Paul Gerhard, born 15 August 1866 at Tschirma, Germany, he studied geography at Jena, and received a doctorate in 1891 at Berlin with a thesis on oceanography. After travels to the Far East he served from 1894 to 1931 at the Deutsche Seewarte, an oceanologist observatory in Hamburg. He participated in the 1898/99 German marine expedition to the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Since 1921 he also served as a lecturer in oceanography at the Universltat Hamburg. His writings include Geographie des /ndischen und Stillen Ozeans (1935). He died in Hamburg, 15 January 1961. DtBE; DtBilnd (3); KOrschner,1940/41-1950; Werist's, 1909-1935

Schott, Theodor Friedrich, born 16 December 1835 at Ef1lingen, Germany, he studied theology at TObingen and subsequently served as a teacher in Switzerland, and pastor at Stuttgart. Since 1873 he was a librarian at the royal public library, Stuttgart. His writings are for the most part historical studies, and particularly cocerned with the history of geography. He died in Stuttgart on 18 March 1899. ADtB,

vol. 54, pp. 167-68; BioJahr 4 (1900), pp. 75-77; DtBE; DtBiind (2)

Schott, Wilhelm Christian, born 3 September 1807 at Mainz, Germany, he studied theology at Gief1en and Halle and received a Dr.phil. in 1836 at Berlin for De lingua tschuwaschorum, a work which was also published as La langue des Tschouwasches (1876). He became in 1838 a professor of Oriental languages, particularly Turkish languages. His writings include Ober das Altai'sche oder finnischtatarische Sprachengesch/echt (1849). He died in Berlin, 12 January 1889. Deutsche biographische Enzyklopadie (1995-2000); DtBiind (3)

Schousboe, Peder Kofod Ancher, baptized 17 August 1766 at Renne, Denmark, he was privately educated until 1785, and then studied natural history, in particular botany. Supported by Johan BOlow, he made from 1791 to 1793 a scientific journey to Spain and Morocco, which he described in his /agttage/ser over Vrextriget i Marokko (1800), and its translations, Beobachtungen abet das Gewachsreich in Marokko (1800), and Observations sur Ie regne vegetal au Maroc (1874). In 1797 he became affiliated with a trade and commerce establishment. From 1797 to 1798 he went in behalf of the Danish government to Spain to buy horses and sheep. In 1800 he became Danish consul at Tanger, and in 1821, consul general for Morocco. He remained in Tanger to his death on 26 February 1832. Since 1798 he was a member of the Danish academy of sciences, Videnskabernes selskab. DanskBL;

DanskBL2

Freiherr von Schowingen, Karl Emil Schabinger, born in 1877, he studied law at Heidelberg and Berlin and concurrently pursued an interest in Oriental languages, gaining diplomas in both SUbjects. In 1901 he entered the diplomatic service and was posted to Morocco. From 1916 to 1918 he was consul in Jaffa and subsequently served at the Foreign Office in Berlin until his retirement in 1924. He translated from the Persian of Nizam al-Mulk, Siyasatnama; Gedanken und Geschichten (1960). He died in Baden-Baden, 4 April 1967. Der Islam 45 (1969), pp. 94-95 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Schoy, Carl, born 7 April 1877 in Baden, Germany, he trained at a teachers' college for elementary school teaching. Through home study he later gained an extramural high school graduation and went in 1901 to MOnchen to study natural sciences, with special reference to mathematics and astronomy. In order to make a living, he took a post at the observatory as a mathematician. He received a Dr.ing. in 1911 at MOnchen for Die geschicht/iche Entwick/ung der Pomonenbetslmmunq bei den elteren Va/kern, and a Dr.phil.nat. in 1913 at Heidelberg for Arabische Gnomik. He had also obtained a Bavarian as well as a Prussian secondary teacher's diploma, thinking to have a solid economic basis for his researches, but the dearth of openings delayed an appointment until 1909. He remained a secondary school teacher until the year of his death, when he became a lecturer in history of oriental exact sciences at the universitat Frankfurt am Main. His writings include Die trigonometrischen Lehren des Biruni (1927). He died 7 December 1925. DtBilnd (1); Schwarz; ZDMG 80 (1926), pp. 319-327 Schrader, Eberhard, born 5 January 1836 at Braunschweig, Germany, he studied theology and Semitic languages at Gottingen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1860 for De Aethiopicae cum cognatis linguis comparatae indole universa. He was successively a professor of Old Testament studies at ZOrich, Gottingen, and Jena before he became a professor of Semitic languages at Berlin in 1875. DtBE; DtBiind (5)

Schrader, Franz, born in 1844 at Bordeaux, he moved in 1877 to Paris to join the staff of the Librairie Hachette. From 1891 he was their head of the cartographic section. He was a completely self-taught topographer and ultimately, even if the university never admitted him, had him teach anthropological geography at the Ecole d'anthropologie de Paris. In 1914 he became vice-president of the Societe de geographie de Paris. He died in Paris, 18 October 1924. Geographers 1 (1977), pp. 97-103; IndexBFr2 (2) Schrader, Friedrich, born 19th cent., he arrived in 1891 in Constantinople and remained there until evacuated in 1918, an experiece which he described in Eine F/Ochtlingsreise durch die Ukraine; Tagebuchblatter von meiner Flucht aus Konstantinopel (1919). His writings include the translation from the Turkish of Halide Edib Adrvar entitled Das neue Turan (1916). NUC, pre-1956 Schram, Stuart Reynolds, born 27 February 1924 at Excelsior, Minn., he received a Ph.D. in 1951 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Protestantism and politics in France. He was for seven years a director of the Centre d'etude des relations internationales at the Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, before he became in 1968 a professor of politics at SOAS. He edited The scope of state power in China (1985). ConAu 97-100; Master (1); Who, 1974-2000 Schramm, Gene Moshe, born 15 September 1929 at N.V.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1956 from Dropsie University with a thesis entitled Judeo-Baghdadi. He was for ten years a professor of Semitic languages at Berkeley before becoming in 1970 a professor of Near Eastern languages and literatures at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. His writings include Practical course in the Amharic language (1953), and The graphemes of Tiberian Hebrew (1964). DrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; Selim Schramm, Gottfried, born 11 January 1929, he received a Dr.habil. in 1965 at Marburg for Der polnische Adel und die Reformation, 1548-1607. From 1965 to his retirement he was a professor of history and Slavic studies at the Universitat Freiburg i. Br. His writings include Namensschatz und Dichtersprache (1957), and Die Herkunft des Namens Rus' (1982). KOrschner, 1966-2001 Schramm, Johann Albert, born 5 August 1880, he studied theology and Oriental languages at TObingen and gained a Dr.phil. in 1904 with a thesis entitled Die palastinensichen Ortsnamen im Alten Testament. He subsequently joined a shorthand institution in Dresden. In 1913 he became a director, Deutsches Buchgewerbemuseum in Leipzig, where he also established a German school of library science in 1915. He was the founding director of an institute of Esperanto as well as an editor of several bibliographic and bibliophile journals. His writings include Bucneinbsnde aller Zeiten und Volker (1925), and Die Inkunabe/n (1925). He died in TObingen, 26 October 1937. DtBE; DtBilnd (2); KOrschner, 1925-1935; Wer ist's, 1912-1935.

Schramm, Josef, born 14 October 1919 at Kuhlau, he received a Dr.phil. in 1946 from the Universitat Innsbruck with a thesis entitled Die Kulturlandschaftsgestaltung der Batschka. He was a sometime head of the Centre Cameroun at the Institut francals d'Afrique noire, and since 1972 a professor at Dakar. His writings include Tunesien, Land zwischen Sand und Meer (1965), Die West-sahara; geographische Betrachtungen einer mehrrassigen Gesellschaftsordnung (1969), and Sahara; ReisefOhrer mit Pistenbeschreibung (1972). KOrschner, 1983, 1987, 19921; WhoAustria, 1982/831 Schramm, Matthias, born in 1928, he gained a Dr.rer.nat. and became a professor at the universities of TObingen and Koln, His writings include Ibn al-Haythams Weg zur Physik (1963), Natur ohne Sinn? (1985), and he was joint translator of Archimedes' Ober einander berOhrende Kreise (1975). KOrschner, 1983, 1987, 19921

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Schramm, Percy Ernst, born 14 October 1894 at Hamburg, he studied history at Hamburg, MOnchen, and Heidelberg where he gained doctorates in 1922 and 1924. From 1929 to his retirement in 1963 he was a professor at the Unlversitat Gottingen. His writings include Deutschland und Obersee (1950), and Herrschaftszeichen und Staatssymbolik (1954-56). He died in Gottingen, 12 November 1970. Contemporary authors, 104; Deutsche biographische Enzyklopadie (1995-2000); DtBilnd (3); Biography and genealogy master index (3); Wer ist's, 1935; Wer ist wer, 1955-1967/68

KOrschner, 1935-1966;

Schrecker, Ernst, born 19th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1890 from the Universitat Jena with a thesis entitled Der Religionsbegriff bei Schleiermacher und seinen namhaftesten Nachfolgern. Schregle, Gotz, born 13 December 1923 at Erlangen, he received a Dr.phil. in 1960 from the Universitat Erlangen with a thesis entitled Die Sultanin 8agarat ad-Durr in der arabischen Geschichtsschreibung und Literatur. He was a private scholar resident in MOnchen. His writings include Deutscharabisches Worterbuch (1963-74). KOrschner,1983-2003; LingH; Schwarz Schreiber, Georg, born 5 January 1882 at ROdershausen, Germany, he studied Catholic theology, history, and German literature at MOnster and Berlin, and was ordained priest in 1905. He received doctorates in philosophy and theology at Berlin and Freiburg im Breisgau in 1909 and 1913 respectively. He was a professor of ecclesiatical law and history successively at Regensburg and MOnster. On account of his political leanings he was pensioned-off in 1936, but resumed his teaching after the war. His writings include Auf den Spuren der TOrken (1980). He died in MOnster in 1963. DtBE; DtBilnd (5); KOrschner, 1925-1961; Wer ist's, 1922-1935; Wer ist wer, 1950-1962

Schreiber, Peter Anthony, born in 1939, he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from New York University with a thesis entitled English sentence adverbs; a transformational analysis. NUC, 1973-'77 Schreiber, Wolfgang, fl. 16th cent., he was born at GieBen. His bookbinding at Wittenberg is first referred to in 1529. In 1541, he was a pastor at nearby Jessen. DtBilnd (1) Schreider, Franklin David, born in 1924. Starting in the 1950s, he, usually accompanied by his wife, traversed the globe, often retracing the journeys of historic figures, and describing his adventures in magazines and books. He was since 1967 a foreign staff member of the National geographic magazine. He supplied the photographs to his wife Helen Schreider's travel books. He died 21 January 1994 in his boat off the island of Crete, where he had spent the last years of his life. Contemporary authors, 5-8,145; Master (1); New York Times, 1 April 1994, B-9, cols. 1-3

Schreider, Helen, born 20th cent., she was affiliated with the National geographic magazine since 1965. She was the author of travel books, to which her husband, Frank Schreider, provided the photographs. These include La Tortuga (1957), 20,00 miles south; a pan American adventure (1957), and Exploring the Amazon (1970). Schreiner, George Abel, born 21 August 1875 in Germany, he was educated at military academies and gained a B.F.S. in 1927 at Georgetown University. He was a war correspondent in the Balkans, the Dardanelles, and other locations. His writings include From Berlin to Bagdad; behind the scenes in the Near East (1918), and he was joint author of Entente diplomacy and the world (1921). WhAm, 5 Schreiner, Hans-Peter, born in 1949, he was a free-lance journalist and a joint editor of the journal Die Dritte Welt. He was joint author of Der Imam; islamische Staatsidee und tevolutionere Wirklichkeit (1982), and he was joint editor of Weltmacht Islam? Symposium (1983). Note about the author Schreiner, Marton (Martin, Mordechai Zvi), born 8 July 1863 at Nagyvarad, Hungary, he gained a doctorate at Budapest in 1885 and served as a rabbi in Hungary before he was invited in 1894 to the Lehranstalt fur die Wissenschaft des Judentums, Berlin. His writings include Az islam veltesos mozgalmai az els6 negy szezedben (1889), and Der Kalam in der jOdischen Literatur (1895). Since 1902 he was mentally ill and lived in an asylum where he died in 1926. EncJud; FOck, p. 317; GeistigeUng; JewEnc; JOdLex; MagyarZL; Pallas; RNL; Wininger

Schreiner, Peter, born 4 May 1940 at Koln, he received a Dr.phil. in 1967 from the Unlversltat MOnchen with a thesis entitled Studien zu den Brachea chronika. He was a medievalist and a lecturer at the Freie Universitat Berlin from 1974 to 1978, and since 1979 a professor at the Universitat Koln, KOrschner, 1980-1992,2003; Schwarz

Schreiner, Stefan, born 26 March 1947 at Cobbel to a Protestant minister's family, he was a graduate of Franckesche Stiftungen, Halle, and received a Dr.sc. theol. in 1974 at Halle for Partikularismus oder Universalismus? Untersuchungen zu den ProphetenbOchern. He was successively a lecturer in Old Testament studies at Humboldt Universitat, Berlin, and Evangelisch-Theologisches Seminar, TObingen. He edited Die Osmanen in Europa, Berichte und Erinnerungen turkiscner Geschichtsschreiber (1985). KOrschner, 1992-2003; Thesis Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Schrieke, Bertram Johannes Otto, born 18 September 1890 at Zandvoort, the Netherlands, he studied philology and sociology at Leiden and Utrecht, and was a student of Snouck Hurgronje in Arabic. He received a doctorate in 1916 for Het Boek van Bonang. In the same year he went to the Dutch East Indies as a government employee at the department of Inlandsche Zaken. In 1923-24 he served as a director of the museum of the Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschap-pen. At the end of 1924 he was appointed a professor of ethnology, sociology, and history of the Dutch East Indies at the newly established Rechtshoogeschool in Batavia, a post which he held for five years. In 1936 he was appointed a professor of colonial ethnology at the Universiteit van Amsterdam, and in 1938 he became director of the ethnological section in the Koloniaallnstituut. He wrote In-donesian sociological studies; selected writings (1955-57), and he edited The effect of Western influence on native civilisations in the Malay Archipelago (1929). He died in London, 12 September 1945. BWN, vol. 3, pp. 535-536 Schroeder, Eric, born 20 November 1904 at Dale, Chestershire, he was an undergraduate at Corpus Christi, Oxford, where he later becam a scholar. He participated in two seasons of excavation with the Oxford and Field Museum of Chicago expedition to Kish in 1926/27 and 1927/28. In order to make a living, he accepted a temporary teaching post in archaeology at the Milton Academy in Massachusetts. On the invitation of A. U. Pope he joined his team of surveyors in Iran throughout the 1930s. He later lectured at the Institute for Persian Art in New York, and became affiliated with the Department of Asiatic Art in the Boston Mueseum of Fine Arts, and the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University. His writings include Persian paintings in the Fogg Museum of Art (1942), and Muhammad's people; a tale by anthology (1955). He died 27 March 1971. ConAu 13-14; Iran 10 (1972), pp. vi-vii; Master (1); WhoAmA, 1970 Schroeder, Klaus Henning, born 13 October 1932 at Schwerin, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1961 from the Freie Unlversitat Berlin with a thesis entitled Die medialen Verben im Neufranzosischen. He was a professor of Romance languages at his alma mater. His writings include EinfOhrung in das Studium des Rumeniscben (1967), and Die Geschichte vom Trojanischen Krieg in der alteren rumenischen Literatur (1976). KOrschner, 1976-2001 von Schroeder, Leopold, born 12 (24) December 1851 at Dorpat (Tartu), Russia, he studied comparative linguistics at the Universitat Dorpat as well as one semester each at Leipzig, Jena, and TObingen. He gained a doctorate in ancient Indian languages and literature at Dorpat in 1877. He SUbsequently spent three years in Germany on a post-doctoral scholarship until 1882, when he obtained a lectureship in Indian languages at his alma mater. Compelled to leave Dorpat in 1894 because he refused to lecture in Russian, he found an academic haven at Innsbruck. After the death of his Vienese sponsor, J. G. BOhler, he succeeded him at the Universitat Wien as a professor of ancient Indian linguistics and history. His prolific writings also include German dramatic works. He was an admirer of Richard Wagner. He died in Wien, 8 February 1920. Baltisch (8); Buckland; DtBE; OBL; StacheRosen, pp. 60-61; Wer ist's, 1909-1912

Schroeder, Paul G. A., born 1 February 1844 at Elsterwerda, Saxony, he studied Oriental languages at Berlin and Halle, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1867 with a thesis entitled De lingvae phoeniciae proprietatibvs. He became an interpreter at the German consulate in Constantinople, 1869-1882, consul in Beirut, 1882-1885, first dragoman at Constantinople, 1885-1888, and consul general at Beirut, 1888-1909. He retired to Jena, where his private papers were deposited at the university. His writings include Die phontzlsctie Sprache (1869). He died in 1911. DtBilnd (2); Werist's, 1912 Schroeder, Paul Walter, born 23 February 1927 at Cleveland, Ohio, he received a Ph.D. in 1958 from the University of Texas with a thesis entitled Metternich's diplomacy at its zenith. Since 1963 he was a professor of history at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. His writings include Austria, Great Britain, and the Crimean war (1972), and The transformation of European politics (1994). ConAu 5-8; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; Master (1)

Schroeter, Daniel J., born 20th cent., he gained a Ph.D. in 1984 at the University of Manchester. He taught history at George Washington University, Washington, D.C. in 1987, at the University of Florida, Gainesville, in 1995, and at the University of California, Irvine, in 2000. His writings include Merchants of Essaouira (1988). MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2000 Schroeter, Ken, fl. 1963, he was a sometime associate with Brown and Anthony City Planners of New York City, and was resident project designer of the Aqaba Town Plan. Note Schropfer, Johannes, born 11 September 1909 at Klostergrab, Bohemia, he gained doctorates in 1934 and 1964. He was a librarian at the university library, Prag, 1941-1945, and from 1949 to his retirement in 1974 he was successively a professor of Slavic studies and linguistics at Heidelberg and Hamburg. His writings include Deutsch far Kroaten (1943). In 1991 he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Natalicia Johanni Schroter. JahrDtB,1943; KOrschner, 1954-19961

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Schrotter Ritter von Kristelli, Hermann, born in 1870, he gained doctorates in philosophy and medicine, and subesequently practised at a hospital in Wien. His writings include Zur Kenntnis der Bergkrankheit (1899), Skizzen eines Feldarztes aus Montenegro (1913), Tagebuch einer Jagdreise an den oberen Nil (1914). He died in 1927. Note about the author; NUC, pre-1956

Schub, Michael B., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of California with a thesis entitled Linguistic topics in al-Zamakhshari's commentary on the Qur'an. Selim3 (1983) Schubarth-Engelschall, Karl, born 25 September 1934 at Chemnitz, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1965 from the Universitat Leipzig for his thesis, Arabische Berichte muslimischer Reisender und Geographen des Mittelalters abe: die Volker der Sahara. Thereafter he was a head of the Oriental Department at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin until his retirement in 1999. JahrDtB, 1993-1997/98

Schubert, Johannes, born 7 September 1896 at Annaberg, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1928 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Tibetische Nationa/grammatik. He was successively a professor of Tibetan at the universities of Leipzig and Berlin. He died 31 August 1954. JahrDtB, 1938-1955; KOrschner, 1940/411955; Wer ist wer, 1955

Schubert, Kurt, born 4 March 1923 at Wien, he received a Dr.phil. in 1945 from the Universltat Wien with a thesis entitled Der historische Wert des Brieffundes von Mari. He was since 1954 a professor of Hebrew and Judaism at the Universitat Wien. His writings include Die Religion des nach-biblischen Judentums (1955). ConAu 5-8; Master (1); WhoAustria, 1959/60-1969/70, 1982/83, 1996

Schubert von Soldern, Zdenko, born 18 October 1844 at Prag (Praha), he studied at the k.k. Deutsch-Technische Hochschule, Prag, and from 1865 to 1868 at EidgenOssisches Polytechnikum in ZOrich, and from 1868 to 1870 at the Wiener Akademie der Bildenden KOnste. He subsequently travelled to Italy before completing his practice work at Wien. Since 1875 he was back in Prag, where he taught history of architecture at Deutsches Polytechnisches Institut, first as a lecturer and later as a professor until his retirement in 1916. His writings include Das Stilisieren der Pflanzen (ZOrich, 1887), and Architektonische Formenlehre (1907). He died in Praha, 29 March 1922. DtBilnd (4); GBl; Wer lsi's, 1909-1912

Schuchardt, Hugo Ernst Mario, born 4 February 1842 at Gotha, Germany, he studied law and philology at Jena and Bonn, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1864 with a thesis entitled De sermonis Romani p/ebei vocalibus, a work which is embodied in his monumental Der Vokalismus des Vu/garlateins. He was successively a professor of Romance languages at Halle and Graz; he turned down offers from Budapest and Leipzig. His travels brought him to Spain, Italy, Egypt, and Scandinavia. His writings include Berberische Hiatustilgung (1916), and Die romanischen Lehnworter im Berberischen (1918). He died in Graz on 21 April 1927. Neue osterreichische Biographie ab 1815, vol. 6, pp. 122-131; Osterreichisches biographisches Lexikon, 1815-1950; PorLing, v. 1, pp. 504-11

von Schuck, Albert, born in 1833, he was a geographer whose writings include Die Wirbe/starme oder Cyclonen mit Orkangewalt (1881), Stabkarten der Marshall-Insulaner (1902), Alte Schiffskompasse und Kompassteile im Besitz Hamburger Staatsansta/ten (1910), and Der Kompal3 (1911-18). He died in 1918. NUC, pre-1956

Schuette, Marie, born 8 October 1878 at Sydney, she gained a high school diploma from KOnigliches Gymnasium in Dresden, a girls' secondary school, with the first female graduating class in 1898. She subsequently studied philology, archaeology, and history at Berlin, Freiburg im Breisgau, and again Berlin, where she received a Dr.phil. in 1903 with a thesis entitled Der schweblsche Schnitzaltar. In 1905 she became the first woman to hold an unpaid academic assigment at a German museum. From 1910 to 1943 she was a keeper at Stadtisches Kunstgewerbemuseum, Leipzig. Her writings include Gestickte Bildteppiche und -decken des Mitte/a/ters (1927), and Perserteppiche (1935). She died in Oberlingen am Bodensee, 30 December 1975. KOrschner, 1950-1970; lexFrau; Thesis

Schuetz, Henri de Joseph, fl. 20th cent., his writings include Unter Ha/bmond, Kreuz und Davidstern (Horboden/Diemtigen, 1938), /srae/s Katholizismus (Horboden/Diemtigen, 1940), and TunesischArabisch (KOln, Polyglott, 1965). lC; Sezgin

Schuhler, Louis Hubert Charles, born 19th cent., he was a French general who served in North Africa. His trace is lost after a reception in his honour given at the Acadernle des sciences, belles-lettres et arts at Rouen on 5 July 1935. BN

Schuhmacher, Walter Wilfried, born 20th cent., he was a sometime professor of German in the Institute of German philology in Kebenhavns Universitet. His writings include Linguo-cybernetica; sprachkybernetische Ana/ysen (1975), and The linguistic aspect of Thos Heyerdahl's theory (1989). lC

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Schuler, Henry C., born 19h cent., he was a clergyman and a missionary in Persia, where he spent four years in Tehran, before serving from 1902 to 1909 at Rasht. His trace is lost in 1927 at Tehran. Note

Schulman, Leon, born in 1888, he received a Dr.phil. in 1915 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Palastina und die arabische Agrarfrage. His writings include Zur tOrkischen Agrarfrage; Palastina und die Fellachenwirtschaft (1916). In 1918 he was resident in Jaffa. NUC, pre-1956 Schultens, Albert, born 22 August 1686 at Groningen, where he studied since 1702, to which Leiden and Utrecht were added in the following years. In 1709 he gained a doctorate in divinity at Groningen and four years later he was appointed to the chair of Hebrew and antiquities at the Universiteit te Franeker. In 1729 he went to Leiden as professor of Oriental languages, and from 1740 to his death on 26 January 1750 he concurrently taught also Biblical antiquities. He was the founder of comparative Semitic philology in the Netherlands. His writings include Institutiones ad fundamenta ingure hebrrere (1737), and Carmen panegyricum in laudem Muhammedis; item Amralkeisi moallakah (1748). BiBenelux (7); EncBrit; FOck, pp. 105-107; GdeEnc; GDU; Index Islamicus (1); JewEnc; Meyers; NieuwNBW, vol. 5, cols. 707-711; Pallas; RNL

Schultens, Hendrik Albert, born 25 February 1749 at Herborn, the Netherlands, he began to study Oriental languages when still a teenager. At the age of twenty he went to England where he found such recognition that Oxford conferred upon him an honorary magister artium in 1773. In the same year he was appointed a professor of Oriental languages at Amsterdam. In the field of Arabic studies he wrote on the poetry and proverb collections of al-Maydani and al-Zamakhshari as well as the philosophy in the Book of Kalilah and Dimnah. He died 12 August 1793. Friedrich Th. Rink wrote a biography, Heinrich Albert Schultens; eine Skizze (1794). BiBenelux (4); FOck, p. 124-125; GdeEnc; GDU; Meyers; Nieuw NBW, vol. 5, cols. 711-713; RNL; NUC, pre-1956

Schultheisz, Emil, born 21 June 1923 at Budapest, he studied medicine at Kolozsvar (Cluj), Debrecen, and Budapest. He served as a professor of medicine at Budapest, and minister of health. Fekete; IntYB, 1998; MagyarNKK, 1992-2000; Master (3)

Schulthess, Friedrich, born 7 August 1878 at ZOrich, he studied theology and Oriental languages at Basel, Gottinqen, Strar1burg, and ZOrich, and became a professor of Semitic philology successively at Gottingen, Konigsberg, Strar1burg, and Basel. His writings include Christlich-pa/astinische Fragmente aus der Omajjaden-Moschee zu Damaskus (1905), Kalila und Dimna, syrisch und deutsch (1911), Die Machtmittel des Islams (1922), and he edited and translated Diwan des arabischen Dichters Hatim Tej nebst Fragmenten (1897). He died in 1922. FOck, p. 288; 5chwZLex Schultz, Ernst Gustav, born 20 May 1811 at Dobern, East Prussia, he studied Lutheran theology and Oriental languages at Konigsberg and Paris from 1829 to 1833 and 1833 to 1838 respectively. He subsequently lectured in Arabic and Hebrew at the Universitat Konigsberg. In 1842 he became Prussian vice-consul for Syria and Palestine, posted to Jerusalem. His writings include Jerusalem (1845). He died in Jerusalem, 22 October 1851. ADtB, vol. 32, pp. 704-705; DtBE; DtBilnd (1) von Schultz, Karl Ludwig Arved, born 13 December 1883 at Rinkuln, Kurland, he was a professor and director, Geographisches Institut, Unlversitat Konigsberg. His writings include Landeskundliche Forschungen im Pamir (1916), Die natOrlichen Landschaften von Russisch-Turkestan (1920), Kaschgar (1921), Aride Einebnung im Pamir (1926), and Der Erdteil Asien (1950). He died in Hilden, Germany, 13 December 1967. DtBilnd (1); KOrschner, 1925-1966 Schultz, Theodore Paul, born 24 May 1940 at Ames, Iowa, he received a Ph.D. in 1965 and became affilliated with the Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., before he was appointed in 1972 a professor of economics at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. His writings include The distribution of personal income (1965), Fertility patterns and their determinants in the Arab Middle East (1970), and Economics of population (1981). AmM&W5, 19735,19785 Schultze, Ernst, born 14 December 1874 at Berlin, he studied natural sciences, philosophy, and social sciences, and received a Dr.phil. in 1897 from the Universitat Freiburg im Breisgau for Uber die Umwandlung willkOrlicher Bewegungen in unwillkOrliche. He subsequently found employment in libraries. From 1900 to 1903 he was chief librarian of the Hamburger Offentliche BOcherhalle. He had an immense influence upon the development of the public library system in Germany. After taking his second doctorate in 1919, he served as a professor of economics successively at MOnsterand Leipzig. His writings include Die ZerrOttung der Weltwirtschaft (1922), and Sorgen des britischen Weltreichs (1939). He died in Leipzig, 2 August 1943. DtBE; DtBilnd (3); KOrschner,1925-1940/41; Werist's, 1935 Schulz, Ann nee Tibbitts, born 7 September 1938 at Ann Arbor, Mich., the wife of James Henry Schulz, she received a Ph.D. in 1969 at Yale University. She was a research fellow in Harvard's Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Center for Middle East Studies before being appointed a professor of government at Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Her writings include Buying security; Iran under the monarchy (1989). ConAu 116 Schulz, Bruno, born 24 February 1865 at Friedeberg, Germany, he was an architect in government employment. From 1897 to 1898 he accompanied Friedrich Sarre on a scientific expedition to Persia, and from 1900 to 1904 he was technical director of the German excavations at Baalbek. He subsequently became a professor at polytechnic institutes at Hannover and Berlin. His writings include Kirchenbauten auf der Insel Torcello (1927), and he was joint author of Denkmeter persischer Baukunst (1901-1910). He died in Berlin, 1 April 1932. DtBE; KOrschner, 1925-1931 Schulz, Friedrich Eduard, born in 1799 at Darmstadt, Hessen, he studied theology at Giefsen and Gottingen. After two doctorates, he went to Paris to study Arabic, Turkish, Persian, and Chinese. He was a student of Silvestre de Sacy. In the service of the King of France he set out in the summer of 1826 for the Caucasus and Armenia by way of Constantinople. He was murdered by his Kurdish guides at the end of 1829 in Kurdistan. DtBilnd (2) Schulz, James Henry, born 20 JUly 1936 at Abington, Pa., the husband of Ann Tibbitts Schulz, he received a Ph.D. in 1966 at Yale University. Since 1971 he was a professor of economics at Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. His writings include The economic status of the retired aged in 1980 (1968), and The economics of aging (1976). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 89-92 Schulz, Philipp Walter, fl. 1914-17 see Schulz, Walter Philipp, born 19th cent. Schulz, Reinhard, born first half of the 20th cent., he was a linguist and a teacher at Deutsche Evangelische Oberschule in Cairo certainly from 1967 to 1972. His writings include Moderne Lehr- und Lernmittel far den Englischunterricht auf der zweiten Spracherlernungsstufe (1971). Note Schulz, Walter Philipp, born 19th cent., his writings include Die persisch-is/amische Miniaturenmalerei (1914), and Lender una Menschen von Marokko bis Persien (1917). NUC, pre-1956 Schulze, Adolf, born in 1852, he was a deacon in Germany. His writings include Abrif3 einer Geschichte der Bradergemeinde (1901), Die Bruaermisston in Wolt und Bild (1908), and its translations, BrrlJdremenighedens hedningemission i billeder (1909), and World-wide Moravian missions in picture and story (1926). NUC, pre-1956 Schulze, Reinhard Carl, born 29 January 1953 at Berlin, he studied Oriental and Romance languages at Bonn, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1981 for Die Rebellion der agyptischen Fellahin, 1919. After gaining also a Dr.habil. in 1987, he became successively a professor at Bochum, Bamberg, and Bern. His writings include Geschichte der is/amischen Welt im 20. Jahrhundelt (2002). KOrschner, 1992-2001 Schumacher, Dorothea A. G. see 'Abd al-Jawad, Dorothea nee Schumacher Schumacher, Gottlieb, born 21 November 1857 at Zanesville, Ohio, he went in 1869 with his parents to Palestine to join the German Templar colony and settled in Haifa. He had an impressive reputation as an archaeologist and topographer, and did work for the Palestine Exploration Fund as well as Deutscher Palastina Verein. From 1891 to 1904 he was an American consular agent at Haifa. His writings include Across the Jordan (1886), Der Dscholan (1886), its tanslation, The Jaulan (1888), Pella (1888), and Notthem IAjIOn, "vdth the Decapolis." He died in 1924. CnDiAmJBi; EncJud; Shavit; Vogel, pp. 151-152

von Schumann, Hans Joachim, born 28 October 1906 at Kattowitz (Katowice), Germany, he was from 1964 to his retirement a professor of medicine, forensic medicine, and history of medicine at the Universitat Erlangen-NOrnberg. KOrschner, 1980-19921 Schumann, Olaf H., born 5 November 1938 at Dresden, he was a sometime staff member of the Indonesian Council of Churches and attached to its Research Institute. Since 1981 he was a professor at the Universltat Hamburg. His writings include Der Christus der Muslime; christologische Aspekte in der arabisch-is/amischen Literatur (1975), a work which is a revised and abbreviated version of his 1972 TObingen doctoral thesis. KOrschner, 1987-2001; Note; Schwarz Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, born 8 February 1853 at Triesch, Austria-Hungary. After his study, he spent two years in Egypt, before becoming a professor in 1908 at the Universitat Czernowitz. In 1911 he moved to the Unlversitat Graz. He served in 1919 as Austrian minister of finance. After a brief interlude in private banking, he accepted in 1925 an invitation from the Universitat Bonn, where he stayed until 1932. He emigrated to the U.S. where he became a professor at Harvard, a president of the Econometric Society, and from 1948 to his death, the first non-native-born president of the American Economic Association. His writings include Capitalism, socialism, and democracy (1942), its translations, Capitalismo, socialismo y democracia (1946), Kapitalismus, Sozialismus und Demokratie Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

344 (1946), Capitalisme, socialisme et aemocretie (1951), and Autsetze zur Soziologie (1953). He died in Taconic, Conn., 8 January 1950. BioHbDtE; DAB S4; DtBE; Economicjoumal61 (1951), pp. 197-202; KOrschner, 1928/29-1935; Master (10); NOB, vol. 20, pp. 67-77; WhAm,2; WhoEc 86

Schunemann, Max, born 19th cent., he was, certainly from 1902 to 1904, a carpenter at the Industrieund Handwerk-Schule of the Deutsche Orient-Mission in Khoi, Persia, a mission school for trade and commerce. Note Schuon, Fred Frithjof, born 18 June 1907 at Basel, he was a private scholar who spent much time in North Africa, Turkey, India, and the United States. He was closely associated with an Algerian marabout, and was also adopted by two American Indian bands. His writings include Leitgedanken zur Urbesinnung (1935), Comprendre /'islam (1961), its translations, Understanding Islam (1963), and Den Islam verstehen (1988), Islam and the perennial philosophy (1976), Esoterisme comme principe et voie (1978), its tanslation, Esoterism as principle and a way (1981), and Le soufisme; voile et quientessence (1980). ConAu 73-76, new rev., 13 schure, Philippe Frederic Edouard, born 21 January 1841 at Strasbourg, he was a philosopher, poet, and dramatist who was an avowed propagandist of German music, and particularly Richard Wagner. His writings include Sanctuaire d'Orient; Egypte, Grece, Palestine (1898), its translation, Die Heiligtumer des Orients (1912), and Rama and Moses; the Aryan cycle and the mission of Israel (1910). He died in Paris 7 April 1929. Baker, 1978, 1984; CIDMEL; IndexBFr2 (3); Master (2); NDBA Schurhammer, Georg, born 25 September 1888 in the Unterglottertal, Black Forest, he entered in 1903 the Society of Jesus, and five years later was sent on an educational mission to India. Threatened by a lethal nervous disorder, he made in 1910 a pilgrimage to Goa where the body of Saint Francisco Xavier was on view and vowed to become the Saint's biographer if, through his intercession, he were to regain his health. His prayer was heard and the vow fulfilled in a unique and thorough way which the young Jesuit had nor anticipated when, after the completion of his theological study, he was ordained in 1914. He became a professor of ecclesiatical history, and in particular a biographer of his guardian Saint. His writings include Portugisisch-Asiens zeitgenossische Quel/en zur Geschichte und seiner Nechbettender (1932), and Franz Xaver; sein Leben und seine Zeit (1955-72). He died in Roma,2 November 1971. Neue ZeitschriftfOrMissionswissenschaft 18 (1962), pp. 217-219,28 (1972), pp. 70-71 Schurmann, Herbert Franz, born 2 September 1924 at N.Y.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1951 from Harvard for Economic structure of the Yuan dynasty. He taught since 1956 successively Near Eastern languages, and history as well as sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. DrAS, 1969 H, 1974, 1978 H, 1982 H

Schurmann, Ulrich, fl. 1960-1982, he was a writer on oriental carpets. His writings include Teppiche aus dem Orient (1975), Oriental carpets (1979), and The Pazyryk, a 2500 year old knotted rug found in an icecave in the Altai (1982). LC Schussler, Wilhelm, born 12 July 1888 at Bremen, he received a Dr.phil. in 1913 from the Universitat Freiburg im Breisgau with a thesis entitled Die nationale Politik der ostrreichischen Abgeordneten im Frankfurter Parlament, and a Dr.habil. in 1919 at Frankfurt. He was a professor of history at a number of universities. His writings include Deutschland zwischen Rul3land und England (1940). He died in Bensheim, 11 November 1965. DtBE; KOrschner, 1925-1961 Schuster, Carl, born 9 November 1904 at Milwaukee, Wisc., he gained an M.A. in 1930 at Harvard, and a doctorate in 1934 at Wien. He was a scholar in the fields of folklore and symbolism. He was joint author of Patterns that connect; social symbolism in ancient & tribal art (1996). He died in Woodstock, N.Y., 3 July 1969. DrAS, 1969; WhoAmA, 1966, 1970 Schuster, Hans Siegfried, born 27 November 1910 at Grassau, Germany, he was educated at Halle, and studied mathematics at G6ttingen, and Oriental languages at Leipzig, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1938 for Die nach Zeichen geordneten sumerisch-akkadischen Vokabulare. He was a lecturer in ancient Near Eastern studies, in particular Assyriology and pre-Hellenistic mathematics, at Leipzig until 1960, when he moved to the western part of Germany. He gained a Dr.habil. in 1974 at K61n with a thesis entitled Die hattisch-hethitischen Bilinguen. KOrschner, 1976-2001; Private; Schwarz; Thesis Schuster-Walzer, Sybilla, fl. 1978, her writings include Das safawidische Persien im Spiegel europaischer Reiseberichte (1970), a work which was translated into Persian in 1985. ZKO Schutte, Friedrich, born about 1925, he received a doctorate in 1954 at the Universitat MOnster, and became a professor and director, Biologische Bundesanstalt fur Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Aufsenstelle Kitzeberg, a branch of a federal biological station for lands and forests. He wrote Integrierte Bekempfung von Rapsschadlingen durch Vermeidung des Zusammentreffens mit ihren Wirtspflanzen (1979). Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Schulz, eden (Edmund), born 29 March 1916 at Budapest, he was since 1949 attached to the Hungarian Academy of Science. His writings include An Armeno-Kipchak chronicle on the PolishTurkish wars in 1620-1621 (1968), and he was joint author of Az magyar nyelv torok kapcsolatai ss korOlottOk van (1977). MagyarNKK, 1992-2000 Schulze, GOnter Wilhelm, born 1 January 1926 at Hannover, he received a Dr.phil. in 1957 from the Universitat Gettingen for Die deutschen Oppositionsparteien wenrent: der Kanzlerschaft Bismarcks im Spiegel der zeitgenossischen trenzosiscnen Presse. He was affiliated successively with the Centre d'etudes de politique etranqere, Paris, and the permanent German mission at the U.N.O. His writings include Der schmutzigen Krieg; Frankreichs Kolonialkrieg in Indochina (1979). LC; WhoUn 75 Schulze, Rolf A., born 12 December 1934 at Castrop-Rauxel, Germany, he studied law at Freiburg im Breisgau and Bonn, and gained a Dr.jur. in 1960 at the Universitat Bonn with a thesis entitled Die Anerkennung und Vollstreckung auslandischer Zivilurteile in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland als vetfahrensrechtliches Problem. He practised law in Stuttgart, and since 1983 he was a professor of international private law at the Universitat TObingen. KOrschner, 1987-2001

Schulze, Walter, born 20th cent., he gained a doctorate and was in 1971 a research fellow in the Centre d'etudes de politique etranqere in Paris. His writings include Frankreichs Verteidigunspolitik, 1958-1983; eine Dokumentation (1983), and he was joint editor of Sicherheits- und Ostpolitik; deutschtrenzosiscne Perspektiven (1989). KOrschner, 1966-1996 Schulzinger, Heinrich, born 11 April 1924 at Dresden, he was educated at Berlin, and was called-up immediately after high school graduation in 1943. He began to study Assyriology at Humboldt Universitat, Berlin, in 1946/47, but he soon had to withdraw on account of illness. Professor Erich Ebeling was so kind to give him private tuition for two years. After some time spent at SaarbrOcken, he continued at Bonn, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1961 for Ursprung und Entwicklung der arabischen Abraham-Nimrod Legende, and a Dr.habil. in 1970 for Das Kitab al-Mu'gam des AbO Bakr al-lsma'TIT. From 1972 to his retirement he was a professor of Semitic studies at Bonn. KOrschner, 1980-2001; Thesis Schuver, Juan Maria, born 26 February 1852 at Amsterdam, the son of a wealthy merchant. He had travelled extensively in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa when he set out in January of 1881 from London to Egypt, whence he intended to head for the Indian Ocean by way of Sennar, surveying as he went along on the eve of the Mahdist uprising. He was killed in the country of the Dinka on 23 August 1883. He wrote Reisen im oberen Nilgebiet, 1881 und 1882; Erlebnisse und Beobachtungen (1883). ADtB, vol. 33, pp. 149-150; Hill; NieuwNBW, vol. 5 Schuyler, Eugene, born 26 February 1840 at Ithaca, N.Y., he graduated from Columbia University with the class of 1859, and graduated from Columbia Law School in 1863. After bar admission, he practised his profession for several years in N.Y.C., devoting his leisure to literature. From 1867-69 he was U.S. consul at Moscow, from 1869-70 at Reval, and from 1870-76 at St. Petersburg. In 1876 he became consul-general and secretary of legation at Constantinople, and was sent to invesigate the Turkish massacres in BUlgaria. In 1881 he signed treaties with Romania and Serbia. He was minister and consul-general to Greece, Serbia, and Romania from 1882 to 1884. He received his last appointment in 1889 to Cairo, and after its termination returned to the United States. His writings include Turkistan; notes of a journey in Russian Turkistan, Khokand, Bukhara and Kuldja (1876). He died in 1890. ACAB; BbD; BiD&SB; Master (10); Shavit; WhAm H Schwab, Morse, born 18 September 1839, he was educated at the Jewish school and the Talmud Torah at Strasbourg, and was since 1868 a librarian at the Bibliotheque nationale de Paris. His writings include Histoire des Israelites depuis l'eaitlcetion du second temple jusqu'a nos jours (1866), Memoire sur I'ethnographie de la Tunisie (1868), Bibliographie de la Perse (1875), and Vocabulaire de I'angelologie (1897). He died in Paris in March of 1918. EncJud; IndexBFr2 (2); JewEnc; JOdLex; Wininger Schwab, Raymond, born in 1884, he was a writer of poetry and prose. He entered the Senat where he was put in charge of the Service du compte rendu analytique and advanced to become its head. He was an officier of the Legion d'honneur. His writings include Renaissance orientale (1950), and its translation, The Oriental renaissance (1984). He died 5 June 1956. IndexBFr2 (1) Schwab, Sophia, 1934- see Grotzfeld, Sophia nee Schwab Schwabe, Ernst Otto, fl. 1980, he was an editor-in-chief of the East German communist journal Horizont, and a joint author of Freedom, democracy, human rights - for whom and for what; the GDR presents its views (Berlin, 1976). Note Schwally, Friedrich, born 10 August 1863 at Butzbach, Germany, he came from a family of modest substance, and lost his father when still young. He knew poverty and privation from childhood, and as a pupil and student he always depended on private lessons to make a living. He studied theology and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Oriental languages at GieBen and StraBburg, and received a Dr.phil. in 1888 at GieBen with a thesis entitled Die Reden des Buches Jeremia gegen die Heiden. In the following year he gained a teacher's certificate for religion, Hebrew, and German. His second doctoral dissertation, Das Leben nach dem Tode nach den Vorstel/ungen des alten Israels und des Judentums, which he submitted in 1892 at the Unlversitat Halle, was not accepted by the faculty on account of its conclusions. He then moved to Stral1burg, where he was a student of Noldeke, gained his Dr.habil. and began a lectureship in Semitic philology which lasted to 1901, when he returned to GieBen as an assistant professor. In 1906 he received an invitation from the newly established chair of Arabic at the Aligarh Muslim University, an honour which he declined, but which gained him the status of full professor at Giel1en, where he remained until 1914, when he moved to the Universitat Konigsberg, where he died in the night from 4 to 5 February 1919. He is best remembered for his revised edition of Noldeke's Geschichte des Q6rans (1909-19), a work on which he spent the last twenty years of his life. In his younger years he was a passionate indoor and outdoor sportsman; in his later years his favorite recreation was solitary hiking and back-packing in the Black Forest and the Vosges, staying in small villages, frequenting primitive inns. On trains he preferred fourth class. Fuck, p. 315; Islam 10 (1920), pp. 238-242

Schwanitz, Wolfgang Georg, born 8 December 1955 at Magdeburg, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1985 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled Die proimperialistische Politik der offenen Tar. He was a head of the research project "history of the Middle East" at the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, from 1986 to 1990, when he joined a commercial research organization in Berlin. His writings include Deutsche in Nahost, 1946-1965; Sozialgeschichte nach Akten und Interviews (1995), and he edited Berlin - Kairo; damals und heute (1991), Jenseits der Legenden; Araber, Juden, Deutsche (1994) and 125 Jahre Sueskanal; Lauchhammers EisenguB am Nil (1998). Private II

if

Schwanke, Robert, fl. 1969, he was joint author of Albanien zwischen Ost und West (1968), and COM im Bibliothekswesen (Wien, 1976). LC Ritter zu Schwannau, Vincenz Rosenzweig, 1791-1865 see Rosenzweig Ritter zu Schwannau, V.

Schwartz, Benjamin, born 23 June 1905 at N.Y.C., he served as a librarian successively at the New York Public Library and Library of Congress and in 1958 became a professor of classics at Lincoln University, Pa. His writings include The root and its identification in primitive Indo-European (1940), and he edited the Letters from Persia written by Charles and Edward Burgess, 1828-1855 (1942). He died 26 December 1981. In 1988 was published A linguistic happening in memory of Ben Schwartz; studies in Anatolian, Italic, and other Indo-European languages.

DrAS, 1969, 1974 F; Master (1)

Schwartz, Joseph Joshua, born 23 March 1899 in Russia, he arrived in 1907 in the United States and received a Ph. D. in 1927 from Yale University with a thesis entitled Qira 'd-daif, by Abu Bakr ibn Abi 'dDunya al-Qurashi. He trained as a rabbi and was a sometime professor of Semitic languages at A.U.B. He spent most of his life in social welfare work. In 1931 he became a director of the Federation of Jewish Charities, Brooklyn, N.Y. He died 1 January 1975. His private paters are deposited with the Jewish Historical Society of Maryland at Baltimore. CnDiAmJBi; Master (1); NYT, 2 January 1975, p. 36, col. 1; Selim; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972

Schwartz, Martin, born 9 January 1941 at N.Y.C., he graduated from City College of New York with the class of 1962, and took a Ph.D. in 1967 in ancient Indo-Iranian languages. He taught Iranian subjects and Sanskrit at Columbia University until 1970, when he became a professor in the Department of Middle Eastern Languages and Literatures, University of California, Berkeley. BioB134; NatFacDr, 1995 Schwartz, Richard Merrill, born 20th cent., he received a Ph. D. in 1975 from Washington University, St. Louis, with a thesis entitled The structure of Christian-Muslim relations in contemporary Iran, a work which was published in 1985. Selim Schwartz, Werner, born 20th cent., he gained a Dr.phil in 1983 at the Universitat Bonn with a thesis entitled Die Anfange der Ibaditen in Nordafrika; der Beitrag einer islamischen Minderheit zur Ausbreitung des Islams. His writings include Gihad unter Muslimen (1980), Analytische Ethik und christJiche Theologie (1984), and he was joint editor of Kitab Ibn Sal/am; eine ibaditisch-magribinische Geschichte des Islams aus dem 3.19. Jahrhundert 1986). Sezgin Schwarz, Bernard Wilhelm, born 12 August 1844 at Reinsdorf, Saxony, he was a Lutheran pastor at Freiberg since 1876. He travelled extensively throughout Europe and North Africa, journeys which are embodied in his writings. Since 1880 he was a lecturer in geography at the Bergakademie Freiberg. In the service of the German foreign office he undertook in 1885 an expedition to the backwoods of the Cameroons. In 1888 he accompanied gold-diggers on their way from Cape Town to Damaraland. His writings include Algerien; KOste, Atlas und Waste nach 50 Jahren trenzosiscner Herrsch aft;

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Reiseschi/derungen (1881), Quer durch Bythynien (1889), and Praktischer Fahrer nach und in Constantinopel (1895). He died in Wiesbaden, 8 February 1901. DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Pallas; RNL

Schwarz, Henry Gunter, born 14 December 1928 at Berlin, he took three degrees at the University of Wisconsin, and was since 1969 successively a professor and director of East Asian studies at Western Washington University, Bellingham, Wash. His writings include China; three facets of a giant (1966). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 37-40; DrAS, 1974, 1978 F; IntAu&W, 1977, 1986, 1989; WrDr, 1982/84-2000

Schwarz, Klaus, born 29 October 1943 at Posen, Germany, he was a student of Matuz and Roemer at Freiburg i. Br., where he also gained a Dr. phil. in 1970 with a thesis entitled Osmanische Su/tansurkunden des Sinai-Kloster in Turkiscn. From 1974 until his death he was Turkish subject specialist at the Staatsbibliothek, Berlin. Concurrently he was a publisher; his series, Islamkundliche Untersuchungen, contains the majority of German theses on Islam published since 1970. On the occasion of the 21st Deutschen Orientalistentages he compiled Der Vordere Orient in den Hochschulschriften Deutschlands, Qsterreichs und der Schweiz, 1885-1978 (1980). His other writings include Hoga se'edoln, Staatsmann und Gelehrter, und seine Stiftung aus dem Jahr 1614 (1986). Before he could embark on an academic teaching career, he suffocated in a domestic fire accident, 2 July 1989, the circumstances of which have never been determined by the investigating authorities. JahrDtB, 1973-1987 Schwarz, Paul, born 19 November 1867 at Neil1e, Silesia, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1893 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled 'Umer ibn Abi Rebt'e, ein arabischer Dichter der Umajjadenzeit, and also a Dr.habil. in 1896 for Iran im Mittelalter nach den arabischen Geographen. Since 1893 he was successsively a lecturer in, and professor of, Arabic at Leipzig. His writings include Die tAbbasidenresidenz Samarra (1909), and Escoria/-Studien zur arabischen Literatur- und Sprachkunde (1922). He died in 1938. Flick, p. 312; Klirschner, 1925-1935

Schwarzauer, M. M., 19th cent., he was the author of Das Leben im G/auben; Confirmation zweier Meachen israelischen G/aubens, Osterrode, am 16. Apri/1836 (Osterrode, 1836). NUC, pre-1956; Sezgin Schwarzbaum, Haim, born 24 September 1911 at Warszawa, his early education was in traditional Jewish schools that focused upon religious texts and Hasidic narratives. At the age of seventeen he shifted to a more secular education and enrolled in the Hebrew Teachers' college at Warszawa, where he graduated in 1931. The break with traditional education brought with it an exposure to first Polish and later English. When he began his studies at Uniwersytet Warszawski he turned his attention to Arabic language and literature, hoping to gain a deeper understanding of medieval Jewish poetry that flourished in Islamic Spain. Soon he found himself studying Arabic, and eventually folklore for their own sake. When he moved to Palestine in 1937, he continued his studies at the Hebrew University. At the height of the 1938 Arab revolt he stopped his regular studies, and joined the Jewish Settlement Police. During his service he had the opportunity to come in even closer contact with Palestinian Arabs and to explore their folklore directly, searching in particular for Islamic traditions about Biblical figures. In 1940 he began his civil service career, working first in the censorship office of the British Government, and in 1945, moving to the census section. In 1950 he moved to the Ministry of Defence where he worked as an archivist until his retirement in 1977. In light of his long list of publications, it is surprising that he never completed his formal university education or held an academic position. He researched and wrote his numerous studies at the end of his workday at a government office, lacking the convenience of a university library and of student assistance. For him folklore scholarship was a labour of love. His writings include Studies in Jewish and world foklore (1968), The Mishle Shu'alim (fox tales) of Rabbi Berechiah ha-Nakdan (1979), and Biblical and extra-Biblical legends in Islamic folkliterature (1982). He died 11 November 1983. Journa/ of American fok/ore 97 (1984), pp. 464-466; WhoWorJ, 1972,1978

Schwarzenberger, Georg, born 20 May 1908 at Heilbronn, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1930 from the Unlversltat TObingen with a thesis entitled Das Volkerbunds-Mandat far Petestine, and a Ph.D. in 1936 from the University of London for his thesis, The League of Nations and world order. He was a director of the London Institute of World Affairs since 1943, and since 1962, a professor of international law at the University of London. His writings include A manual of international law (1947), and its translation, Einfahrung in das Volkerrecht (1951). He died 20 September 1991. BlueB, 1976; ConAu 13-16; Master (4); Who, 1969-1991; WrDr, 1980/82-1990/92

Schwarzfuchs, Simon, born first half 20th cent., he was associated with the Institut Ben-Zvi, Centre de recherches sur les Juifs de l'Afrique du Nord. His writings include Breve histoire des Juifs de France (1956), Napoleon, the Jews, and the Sanhedrin (1979), Les Juifs de I'Algerie et la France, 1830-1855 (1981), and he was joint author of L'Organisation de la Communaute israelite de France (1959), and joint editor of The Mediterranean and the Jews; banking, finance, and international trade, XVI-XVIII centuries (1989). LC

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Schwarzstein, Israel, fl. 1897, he was the author of Targum Arvi; die arabische Interpretation des Pentateuch, von Saadia Hagaon (1886), and Abodat Israel; vierundfanfzig hebretsch« vottreqe mit deutscher Obersetzung (1895). NUC, pre-1956; Sezgin Schwatlo, Hans Karl, born 29 January 1860 at Berlin, he studied archaeology and fine arts, gained a Dr.phil., and went to teachers' college. He served as a director of the German school in Constantinople from 1 January 1893 to 1 October 1907, when he returned to Berlin as a professor at a secondary school. He was twice decorated by the Turkish government, and became a secretary of the Verein fur das Deutschtum im Ausland, Berlin. Werist's, 1912 Schwedler, Hanns-Uve, born 3 June 1951 at MOhlanger, Germany, he attended high schools in Germany and the U.S.A., studied geography and political science at Gottingen and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1985 for Arbeitsmigration und urbaner Wandel. Note; Thesis Schwedler, Wilhelm, born 19th cent., his writings include Recht und Unrecht in England (Leipzig, 1909), Die Aufteilung des Osmanischen Reiches; Deutschland und die Tarkei im Volkerbund (Hamburg, 1919), and Die Nachricht im Weltverkehr (Berlin, 1922). NUC, pre-1956 Schweeger, Annemarie nee Hefel, born 20 October 1916 at Wien, she studied ethnolgy, fine arts, and history at Wien and Firenze, and became a keeper and director at the Africana collection in the Museum fur Volkerkunde in Wien. Her writings include Das Bodenrecht in Afrika (1947), Afrikanische Bronzen (1948), and Afrikanische Konigsreiche (1952). Unesco; WhoAustria, 1967-1982/83 Ritter von Schwegel, Joseph, born 29 February 1836 at Oberqorjach near Veldes, Austria, he studied medicine at the Josephinum in Wien, and enrolled in 1854 in the Orientalische Akademie. After graduating in 1859, he entered the consular service where he spent eleven years at Alexandria, Egypt. He later served as a consul general at Constantinople. He was one of the courtiers who accompanied the Austrian Emperor on his state visits to the Emperor of Russia in St. Petersburg, and to the King of Italy in Venezia in 1874 and 1875 respectively. His writings include Volkswirthschaftliche Studien aber Constantinopel und das anliegende Gebiet (1873). Wurzbach von Schweiger-Lerchenfeld, Amand, born 17 May 1846 at Wien, he received an academic and military education. In 1866 he participated in an Austrian campaign against Italy, but in 1871 he resigned from the army. He subsequently travelled a great deal, becoming a popular writer of travel literature. His writings include Armenien (1878), Bosnien, das Land und seine Bewohner (1878), Der Orient (1882), and its translations, Orienten (1883), Het Oosten (1884), L'Orient (1886), Zwischen Donau und Kaukasus (1887), Die Araber der Gegenwart und die Bewegung im Islam (188-), and Die Donau als Volkerweg (1896). He died in 1910. DtBiind (5); Embacher; KDtLK, 1909, 1910; Werist's, 1909 Schweigger, Salomon, born in 1551 at Haigerloch near TObingen, he studied Protestant theology at TObingen. In 1581 he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, a journey which he described in Eine newe Reyss-beschreibung aus Teutschland nach Constantinopel und Jerusalem (1608). Upon his return he held pastorships at Grotzingen, Wilhermsdorf, and NOrnberg. In 1616 he produced a German version of the Koran, based on the Italian, L'Alcorano di Maometto, which, according to Silvestre de Sacy's Bibttotneque, is an epitome of T. Bibliander's Machumetis ... Alcoranum dicitur of 1543. His writings also include Zum Hofe des tarkischen Sultans, edited by Heidi Stein (1986). He died in NOrnberg in 1622. ADtB, vol. 33, pp. 339-40; DtBE; BdBilnd (1) Schweinfurth, Georg August, born 29 December 1836 at Riga, he trained as a botanist at the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg. He realized his long-standing ambition to visit Africa in 1863 when he travelled along the Red Sea coast to Abyssinia, returning to Eygypt by way of Sennar and Khartoum. He returned in 1869 and explored Bahr el-Ghazal and the region to the west of the watershed of the Nile, experiences which are embodied in 1m Herzen von Afrika (1874). and its translations, The heart of Africa (1873), Au CCBur de I'Afrique (1875). From 1875 to 1888 he was resident in Cairo whence he undertook more explorations. He also travelled to Lebanon and Socotra in 1881. His other writings include his autobiography, Auf unbetretenen Wegen in Agypten (1922). He died in Berlin, 19 September 1925. AnaBrit; Baltisch (3); BbD; BiD&SB; CeICen;DtBE; DtBiind (8); Egyptology; Embacher; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; Gesellschaft in Hamburg 37 (1926), pp. 1-11; Pallas; RNL

Hill;

Index Islamicus (2);

Mitteilungen der Geographischen

Graf von Schweinitz und Krain, Freiherr von Kauder, Hans Hermann E. B., born 21 February 1865 at Liegnitz, Prussia. he was educated at the local Ritterakademie. He served in the army from 1883 to 1891, when he took a leave of absence to travel to East and Central Africa. He was head of the German anti-slavery activities at Lake Victoria. After his return, he briefly resumed his military duties, but his severe injury received in Africa obliged him to resigne from active service in 1896. His writings include Deutsch-Ost-Afrika in Krieg und Frieden (1894), In Kleinasien; ein Reitausflug durch das Innere Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Kleinasiens im Jahre 1905 (1906), Helenendorf, eine deutsche Kolonie im Kaukasus (1910), and Orientalische Wanderungen in Turkestan und im noraosuicnen Persien (1910). Werist's, 1912

Schweitzer, Georg, born 12 April 1850 at Berlin, he was a journalist of the Nationalzeitung from 1873 to 1875, when he became the Berlin representative of the business section of the Frankfurter Zeitung. From 1898 to 1914 he was in the news business in the Far East. During the first World War he was with intelligence at the general staff. He later served to 1932 as chairman of the Berlin press conference. He was a leading member of the Kyffhauserbund. His writings include Auf Urlaub im Orient (1890), Die TOrkei und ihre Finanzen (1903), Von Khartum zum Kongo (1932), and he edited Emin Pasha, his life and work (1898). He died in October of 1940. DtBE; DtBilnd (2); KDtLK, Nekrolog, 1936-70; Wer ist's, 1922-35; Wininger

Schweizer, Gerhard, born 12 September 1940 at Stuttgart, he studied at TObingen and became a free-lance writer resident in Wien. His writings include Bauernroman und Faschismus; zur Ideologiekritik einer Iiterarischen Gattung (1976), Die Janitscharen (1979), Die Derwische (1980), Die Berber (1981), Unglaubige sind immerdie anderen; Weltreligionen zwischen Toleranz und Fanatismus (1990), Iran (1991), and Die weltweite Krise der Ballungszentren (1991). KDtLK,1998; Note Schweizer, GOnther, born in 1938, he studied geography, mathematics, and geology at TObingen, Gottingen, and Aix-en-Provence, and received a doctorate in 1975 at TObingen with a thesis entitled Untersuchungen zur Physiogeographie von Ostanatolien und Nordwestiran. He served as a research assistant in the TObingen Geographisches Institut from 1966 to 1972, when he was appointed coordinator of the research project "Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients." He edited Beitrage zur Geographie orientalischer SUidte und Markte (1977), and he was joint editor of Entwicklungsprozesse in der Arabischen Republik Jemen (1984). Note Grafm Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, Kerrin, born 27 September 1941 at Husum, Germany, her writings include Indirekte Herrschaft und Reformpolitik im indischen FOrstenstaat Hyderabad, 1853-1911 (1980), Indien (1988), and she was joint editor of Aspekte sozialer Ungleichheit in SOdasien (1975). KOrschner, 1983-19921

Schwinges, Rainer Christoph, born 19 March 1943 at Paderborn, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1973 at Giefsen with a thesis entitled Kreuzzugsideologie und Toleranz; Studien zu Wilhelm von Tyrus. He was a lecturer in medieval history at a number of German universities before he became a professor in 1989 at the Unlversitat Bern. His writings include Deutsche Universitatsbesucher im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert (1986). KOrschner, 1996; WhoSwi,1992/93-1998/99 Schwobel, Valentin, born 22 February 1863 at the Nachstenbacherhof near Weinheim, Baden, he studied theology and philosophy at Heidelberg, ZOrich Berlin, and Gottingen. He became a vicar and administrator until he was elected in 1889 a pastor at Sulzbach near Mosbach. Since 1893 he was a prison clergy at Mannheim. After a journey to the East and animated by evening school courses, he began to study oriental geography at Heidelberg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1903 with a thesis entitled Die Verkehrswege und Ansiedlungen Galilaas in ihrer Abhangigkeit von den natOrlichen Bedingungen. His writings include Die Landesnatur Palastinas (1914). He was associated with Deutscher Palastina-Verein. His trace is lost after a publication in 1921. Thesis Schwarbel, Herbert, born 11 November 1911 at Thessalonica, the son of a dragoman at the German consulate, he grew up in Constantinople where he was educated at Deutsche BOrgerschule until its dissolution in 1918. After high school graduation in Germany, he studied law at the Faculte de droit de Beyrouth, Unlversitat Wien, and at Berlin where he received his first degree in 1934, intermittenly completing a two-year course at the Konsularakademie in Wien. For the duration of the League of Nations' sanctions, he went in 1935 in government service to Geneve, He subsequently worked as a business editor in a news agency. After graduation from the Reichspresseschule in 1937, he entered in 1938 the national bureau for international trade as Athens' liaison officer for Greece. He was an active member of the national socialist party and its organizations. He received a Dr.phil. in 1939 at Berlin with his thesis entitled Freiheit der Meere und MeistbegOnstigung. Thesis Schwarbel, Heribert, born 28 February 1881 at Koln, he studied law and Oriental languages at Erlangen, where he received a Dr.jur. in 1906 with a thesis entitled Die staats- und volkerrechtliche Stellung der deutschen Schutzgebiete. In the same year, he entered the German foreign service as a dragoman eleve at Constantinople, where he was employed until 1921 in Asia Minor as well as in the Balkans. In 1927 he was consul at Beirut, and in 1931, ambassador at Kabul. His trace is lost after a publication in 1938. DtBilnd (2) Sclollno, Elaine, born about 1945, she served as a foreign correspondent with Newsweek magazine's Paris bureau from 1978 to 1980, and was Roma bureau chief from 1980. She spent nine months as Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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the Edward R. Murrow Press Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations in 1982-83, before she joined The New York Times in 1984 as a general assignment reporter and became the United Nations bureau chief for the paper in the following year. She was in 1991 a diplomatic correspondent for The New York Times' Washington bureau, where she covered U.S. foreign policy and national security issues. Her writings include The outlaw state (1991). Note about the author

Scobie, Alexander, he was a sometime lecturer at the Department of Classics, Victoria University of Wellington. His writings include Aspects of the ancient romance and its classical heritage (1969), and Apuleius and folklore (1983). Note about the author Scortecci, Giuseppe, born 2 November 1898 atFirenze, he gained a Dr.rer.nat. and became a professor of zoology at Genova. His writings include Biologia sahariana (1940), and Sahara (1945). Chi e, 1948,1957,1961; Vaccaro; Who's who in/taly, 1958

Scott, Alexander MacCallum, born in 1874, he was educated at Glasgow, and called to the bar from Middle Temple in 1908. He served as a secretary to the League of Liberals against Aggression and Militarism, from 1900 to 1903. He was a member of Parliament, and a sometime private secretary to Winston Churchill. He wrote Through Finland to Sf. Petersburg (1909), Beyond the Baltic (1925), and Suomi, the land of the Finns (1926). He died in 1928. Who's who, 1916-1928; Who was who, 2 Scott, Charles Thomas, born 21 October 1932 at N.Y.C., he graduated from St. John's University, Jamaica, N.Y., and received a Ph. D. in 1963 from the University of Texas with a thesis entitled A linguistic study of Persian and Arabic riddles. He spent two years in Afghanistan as a teacher of English as a foreign language, and later served as English language tutor to the Japanese royal family. He spent his entire academic career with the Department of English in the University of Wisconsin. His writings include Persian and Arabic riddles (1965). ConAu 21-24; DrAS, 1969-1982 F; NatFacDr, 1995; Selim Scott, Evelina, born about 1900 at Constantinople, where she attended the American College for Girls. She spent much of her life in Turkey. She was a contributor to Asia and the Americas. Her trace is lost after an article in 1943. Note about the author Scott, George Batley, born in 1844, he was a superintendent of Land Record Surveys in the NorthWest Province, and Oudh, where he spent some twenty years. From 1910 to 1912 he was employed in the Persian oil fields. His writings include Afghan and Pathans (1929), and Religion and short history of the Sikhs (1930). He died in Bournemouth, 20 November 1932. Mason, pp. 234-6; Who was who, 3 Scott, Hugh, born 16 September 1885, he gained a SC.D. He was a curator at the Zoological Museum, Cambridge, before he became an assistant keeper in the Deparment of Entomology at the British Museum (Natural History) from 1930 to 1948. He travelled widely, mainly in Ethiopia and southwestern Arabia, but also accompanied the Percy Siaden Trust Expedition, 1908-9, to study the fauna of the Seychelle Islands. He was primarily interested in entomology, but also went on a collecting trip to the High Yemen to study the geographical distribution of animals and plants, a journey which is described in his In the High Yemen (1942). He travelled in central Abyssinia, 1926-27, southern Ethiopia, 1948-49, and northern Ethiopia, 1952-53. In addition, he made shorter journeys to the West Indies, Basutoland, and Kurdistan, which he described in various articles. He served with the Royal Army Medical Corps in the first World War, and in the second World War was attached to the Admirality. He was joint author of the official Handbook of Western Arabia and the Red Sea. He died 1 November 1960. Bidwell, pp. 174-5; Bioln, 5,6; Geographicaljouma/127 (1961), p. 142; Who was who, 5 Scott, Jonathan, born in 1753 or 4 at Shrewsbury, he went as a teenager to India, where he later became Persian secretary and interpreter to Warren Hastings. He was back in England in 1786. In the early 1800s, he had a brief spell as a professor of Oriental languages at the Royal Military College as well as the Honorable East India College, Haileybury. His translations include Ferishta's History of Dekkan from the first Mahummedan conquests (1794), Behar-danush; or, Garden of knowledge, an Oriental romance, translated from the Persian of Einaiut Oollah (1799), and Tales, anecdotes, and letters, translated from the Arabic and Persian (1800). He died in Shrewsbury in 1829. Buckland; DNB;

Antiquarian book monthly review 15 (1988), pp. 252-265 [not sighted]

Scott, Richard B., born early 20th cent., he was a social scientist who lived and taught at the Sosyal Hizmetler Akademisi, Ankara, as well as institutions in Izmir, Antalya, and in a village near Mu~ for a total of about eight years between 1955 and 1970. In 1971 he was attached to the United States Agency for International Development, Kabul, and he was also affiliated with Johns Hopkins University. His writings include the booklet, Tribal and ethnic groups in the Helmand Valely (1980). Note Scott-Moncrieff, A. M., born 19th cent., he was the author of A shadow of '57 (London, 1915).

BLC

Scott-Moncrieff, Sir Colin Campbell, born in 1836, he was educated at Edinburgh Academy and the Honorable East India Company's Military College at Addiscombe. From 1883 to 1892 he was Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Secretary of State for Public Works at Cairo. His writings include Irrigation in southern Europe (1868), Nile reservoirs (1891), as well as several notes on irrigation works of Egypt and the improvements to be made to them. He died in 1916. Buckland; Who's who, 1903-1909; Who was who, 2

Scott-Moncrieff, Sir George Kenneth, born 3 October 1855 in India, he was educated at Edinburgh Academy and the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, and gazetted lieutenant in the Royal Engineers in 1873. His Indian career began in 1878 as assistant engineer in the Public Works Department, and soon afterwards he saw active service in the second Afghan War, where he was present at the capture of Ali Musjid and in operations near Kabul. In 1886 he returned to Chatham for five years to teach construction at the School of Military Engineering. After his return to the Punjab, he went in 1900 to China as Commander Royal Engineers of the China Expeditionary Force. On returning to India, he was appointed secretary to the Chief Commissioner, North-West Frontier Province, and served in the Waziristan expedition in 1901-1902. In 1904 he returned to England, and in 1911was made Director of Fortifications and Works at the War Office. Promoted to major-general in 1912, he received in 1915 the K.C.B, and three years later the K.C.M.C. On 4 June 1924 he died suddenly of heart failure at Deutschen, Poland, whither he had gone in company of the Rev. C. H. Gill. Buckland; IndianBiolnd under Moncrieff (2); Journal of the Central Asian Society 11 (1924), pp. 264-266; Riddick; Who, 1903-1921; Who was who, 2

Scovazzi, Tullio, born in June 1951, he was a sometime director of the Institute of International Law in the Universlta di Parma. His writings include Gli accordi bilaterali sulla pesca (1977), Elementi di diritto internazionale del mare (1990); he was joint author of La societe internazionale e iI diritto (1983); he was editor of La linea di base del mare territoriale (1986), La tutela della liberta di religione (1988); and he was joint editor of International responsibility for environmental harm (1991). LC Scoville, James Griffin, born 19 March 1940 at Amerillo, Tex., he graduated from Oberlin College with the class of 1961, and received a Ph.D. in 1965 at Harvard, where he subsequently taught economics until 1969, when he became successively a professor of economics, labour and international relations in the University of Illinois and the University of Minnesota. His writings include The Job content of the U.S. economy (1969). American men and women of science, 1973 5, 1978 5; Contemporary authors, 29-32; International authors and writers, 1986-1993/94, National faculty directory, 1995-2004; Who's who in America, 1980-2003; Writers directory, 1976-2004

Scriba, Christoph Joachim, born 6 October 1929 at Darmstadt, Germany, he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1957, and a Dr.habil. in 1966. He was a lecturer and/or research fellow in the United States, Canada, and England, before he was appointed a professor of history of mathematics at Hamburg. His writings include Zur Geschichte der Bestimmung rationaler Punkte auf elliptischen Kurven; das Problem von Beha-Eddin 'Amult (1984). KOrschner, 1976-19921

Scudder, Horace Elisha, born 16 October 1838 at Boston, he graduated in 1858 from Williams College, Mass. He spent three years teaching in N.Y.C. before he embarked on a literary career. He died in Cambridge, Mass., 11 January 1902. Appleton's cyclopaedia of American biography; Biography and

genealogy master indes (22); BbD; Dictionary of America biography; National cyclopaedia of American biography, 1, p. 284; New century cyclopedia of names; Whowas who in America, 1; Who was who, 1

Scudder, Lewis R., Jr., born at Vellore, India, where he spent his boyhood until he was ready for higher education which he received at Hope College, Holland, Mich., and Rush Medical School, Chicago. In October 1937, he took up Arabic study at the Newman School of Missions, Jerusalem, in preparation for his medical missionary work under the Arabian Mission. He was still active in 1969. Van Ess

Scupin, Hans Ulrich, born 13 April 1903 at Dolau near Halle, Germany, he received a Dr.jur. in 1929 from the Universitat Breslau with a thesis entitled Der Staat als Fiskus und als Hoheitsperson bei seinem Tatigwerden. He was a professor of law at the Universitat MOnster from 1952 to his retirement in 1971. He was honoured by two jubilee volumes, Offentliches Recht und Politik; Festschrift far Hans Ulrich Scupin zum 70. Geburtstag (1973), and Recht und Staat im sozialen Wandel; Festschrift far Hans Ulrich Scupin zum 80. Geburtstag (1983). He died on 18 May 1990. KOrschner, 1954-1992 Seabrook, William Buehler, born 22 February 1886 at Westminister, Md., and a graduate of Mercersburg (Pa.) Academy, he also studied at Roanoke College, Salem, Va., and Newberry (S.C.) College, where he received an A.M. in 1906. From 1907 to 1908 he was, in his own words, "a ragged tramp in Europe," a free-lance writer, and at the same time enrolled in a philosophy course at the Universite de Geneve, From 1908 to 1924, he was engaged in American advertising and news-paper work. He "was a writer in New York - mostly Sunday newspaper stuff, with occasional magazine fiction. Pretty soon he and his wife were achieving respectability again - and tired of it. So early in 1925 they set out, vaguely for Samarkand - the old caravan route across Arabia and through Baghdad." He came to live for some time in the Middle East and West Africa. He contributed numerous Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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articles to a score of periodicals. His writings include Adventures in Arabia among the Bedouins, Druses, Whirling Dervishes and Yezidee devil worshippers (1927), Air adventure; Paris-SaharaTimbuctoo (1933), The white monk of Timbuctoo (1934), Witchcraft, its power in the world today (1940), and the autobiography, No hiding place (1942). He took his life with an overdose of sleeping pills in N.Y.C. 20 September 1945. Sioln 4,7,12; ConAu 107; Note; Shavit; TwCAu WhAm, 2; WhNAA

Seager, Basil William, born in 1898, he entered government service in 1926 and for the majority of his career he was posted to Arabia in the Consular and Colonial Administrative services. He died in1977. Who, 1959-1977; Who was who, 7

Seah, Chee Meow, born in 1946 ar Singapore, he was a political scientist who had gained a doctorate. His writings include Community centres in Singapore (1973); he was joint author of Higher education in a changing environment (1979); he was editor of Asian values & modernization (1977); and he was joint editor of Government and politics of Singapore (1985). LC Seale, Morris Sigel, born early 20th cent., he was a missionary to Palestinian Jews, and an Old Testament and Islamic scholar. In 1964, he was associated with the Hartford Seminary Foundation, and in 1968, with the Near East School of Theology, Beirut. He was a sometime editor of the Muslim world. His writings include Muslim theology (1964), The desert Bible; nomadic tribal culture and Old Testament interpretation (1974), and Our'an and Bible (1978). Note Seale, Patrick, born 7 May 1930 at Belfast, he was a journalist, a foreign correspondent, and a sometime writer on Arab affairs for The Observer. His writings include The struggle for Syria (1965), Asad of Syria (1988), Abu Nidal, a gun for hire (1992), and its translation, Abu Nidal, der Handler des Todes (1992). DirecforyofBRISMES members, 1993; ConAu 97-100; EURAMES, 1993 Sebag, Paul, born 26 September 1919 at Tunis, he gained diplomas in liberal arts and law at the Universite de Paris. After some secondary school teaching, he was associated with the Faculte des lettres de Tunis. His writings include La Tunisie; essai de monographie (1951), Enquete sur les salaries de la region de Tunis (1956), L'evolution d'un ghetto nord-africain; la Hara de Tunis (1959), Un faubourg de Tunis, Saida Manoubia (1960), La Tunisie; de Carthage a demain (1961), its translation, Tunesien; von Karthago bis morgen (1961), Une relation inealte sur la prise de Tunis par les Turcs en 1574 (1971), and Histoire des Juifs de Tunisie (1991). LC; NUC,1956-1967; Unesco Sebastian de Erice y O'Shea, Fernando, born 19 March 1906 at Madrid, he gained a degree in law at the Universidad de Murcia, and in 1931 entered the diplomatic service as a vice-consul in Tunis. In 1942 he was a professor at the Escuela Diplornatica, and in 1945, a consul general in Tanger. In the 1950s and 1960s he served successively as an ambassador to Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. His writings include Celio y sonrisa de Tanger (1949). OSEC Sebastian de Erice y O'Shea, Jose, born 27 September 1906 at Lorca (Murcia), he gained a degree in law at the Universidad de Granada, and subsequently entered the diplomatic service. His writings include Normas de diplomacia y de derecho atptometico (1945), Derecho diplometlco (1954), and De U.N.O. en U.N. 0.; memorias de mis 50 alios de aiptomstico (1974). OSCE Sebastian Lopez, Santiago, born early 20th cent., his writings include Teruel y su provincia (1959), and Alquimia yemblematica (1989). LC Sebaut, Bernard, fl. 1920, he was a barrister at Tunis, who had gained a diploma at l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris. His writings include Victor Raccache (1945). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Sebestyen, Gyula, born 7 March 1864 at Szentantalfa, he was an ethnographer and folklorist. His writings include Az Arpadok tortenete (1895), and Gesta Hungarorum (1925). He died in Balatonszepezd on 12 February 1946. MEL, 1967-69 Sebillotte, Michel, born early 20th cent., he was a sometime professor of agronomy at the Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Paris. His writings include L'avenir de I'agriculture et futur de I'INRA (1993), and Les mondes de I'agricultures; une recherche pour demain (1996). LC Seckel, Dietrich, born 6 August 1910 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1937 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Hctaenine Sprachrhythmus. He SUbsequently spent the years until 1947 in Japan as a lecturer in German language and literature. From 1948 to his retirement in 1976 he was a professor of fine art, with special reference to East Asia, at the Unlversltat Heidelberg. His writings include Grundzilge der buddhistischen Malerei (1945), Buddhistische Kunst Ostasiens (1957), and its translation, Buddhist art of East Asia (1989). KUrschner, 1950-2001 Seco de Lucena Escalada, Luis, born in 1857 at Tarifa, Spain, he studied philosophy and letters successively at Sevilla and Granada, where he terminated his academic career in 1878 and began Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

353 publishing the newspaper EI Universal, followed in 1880 by EI Defensor de Granada. In 1907 he handed over the latter daily to the Sociedad Editorial de Espana and devoted himself to the study of history and Islamic art as well as the popularization of the art and natural beauty of Granada. His writings include Practical and art guide of Granada (1912), La Alhambra; novisimo estudio de historia y arte (1919), La Alhambra, com tue y come es (1935), and Mis memorias de Granada (1941). He died in 1941. EncicUni; NUC, pre-1956

Seco de Lucena Paredes, Luis, born 2 June 1901, he held the chair of Arabic at the Universidad de Granada from 1942 to his retirement in 1971, and since 1943 he served concurrently as director of the Escuela de Estudios Arabes de Granada. His writings include Los Hammudies, senores de Malaga y Algeciras (1955), and he edited Marruecos a comienzos del siglo XV, segun Abu-l-'Abbas alQalqasandi (1951). He died in Granada at the end of March 1974. Boletfn de la Asociac6n espanola de orientalistas 10 (1974), pp. 4-7; Hespens Tamuda 16 (1975), pp. 5-6; Index Islamicus, 1971-75 (1)

Secret, Francois, born early 20th cent., his writings include Le Z6har chez les kabbalistes cnretiens de la Renaissance (1958), Les kabbalistes cnretiens de la Renaissance (1964), Bibliographie des manuscrits de Guillaume Postel (1970), and Guillaume Postel; apologies et retractions (1972). LC secretan, Roger, born 4 June 1893 at Lausanne, he studied law at Basel and gained a doctorate in law. He was an attache at the Swiss legation, Roma, before he served from 1924 to 1925 as a member in the Tribunal arbitral mixte turco-grec, Constantinople. Since 1928 he was a professor of law at the Universite de Lausanne. The Universite de Montpellier awarded him an honorary doctorate. His writings include Etude sur la clause oenete en droit suisse (1917). In 1964 he was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled Melanges Roger Secreten; recueil de travaux publies par la Faculte de droit de I'Universite de Lausanne. SchBiAr, 6; WhoSwi, 1950/51, 1962/63, 1964/65

Seddon, Charles Norman, born 18 December 1870 at Rock Ferry, England, he was a linguist, lecturer, and colonial administrator. His writings include Mirat-i Ahmadi; a history of Gujarat in Persian of Ali Muhammad Khan (1928), An elementary Marathi grammar for English beginners (1931), and he edited and translated from the Persian of Hasan Rumlu A chronicle of the early Safawis (1931-34). He died in 1950. Britlnd (3); WhE&EA; Who was who, 4 Seddon, John David, born 22 April 1943, he received a degree in anthropology and archaeology in 1964 at Cambridge. In 1970-72, he served as a lecturer in sociology and social anthropology at SOAS. From 1972 onwards he taught in the School of Development Studies at the University of East Anglia, where he held a chair in 2002, teaching a final year course on North African and Middle Eastern development. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1975 at LSE for Modern economic and political change in Northeast Morocco. His writings include Moroccan peasants; a century of change in eastern Rif, 18701970 (1981). He also wrote more widely on Western Sahara, Mauretania, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Chad and Central African Republic (in all of which he spent time as a researcher and consultant). During the 1980s he spent some time in Turkey, including a period teaching at the Middle East Technical University, Ankara. He repeatedly visited the occupied territories of Palestine and maintained close relations with Palestinian colleagues. His most recent concern was movements of popular protest in response to economic reforms across the Middle East and North Africa, and labour migrations issues, with particular reference to migration from South Asia to the Gulf. DrBSMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; Private

Sedillot, Charles Emmanuel, born 14 September 1804, at Paris, the son of J. J. E. Sedillot. After internship at Paris hospitals, he became a military surgeon. In 1837 he partcipated in the campaign against Constantine, Algeria. After his return, he became a professor of surgery at the Universite de Strasbourg as well as a professor at the Hopital Militaire. His writings include Manuel complet de meaecine legale (1833). He died in 1883. Hoefer, cols. 680-681; IndexBFr2 (3); Master (1); Vapereau Sedillot, Jean Jacques Emmanuel, born 26 April 1777 at Montmorency, he was a graduate of l'I~cole polytechnique, and was one of the first students at l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, where he served as an assistant professor of Turkish until 1816, when the post became defunct and he was appointed secretary of the school. Since 1814 he was an adjoint at the Bureau des Longitudes for history of Oriental astronomy His writings include a translation from the Arabic of Abu Hasan 'Ali alMarrakushi, post-humously edited by his son and entitled Traite des instruments astronomiques des Arabes (1834-35). He died in Paris on 9 August 1832. FOck, p. 204; Hoefer, col. 680; IndexBFr 2 (2) Sedillot, Louis Pierre Eugene Amelie, born 23 June 1808 at Paris, he was educated at the Pension Hallays-Dabot and the Lycee Henry IV, Paris. He successively gained the degrees ticencle-es-tettres. licenti« en droit, and also agrege d'histoire in 1831. On the recommendation of Silvestre de Sacy, he became in 1832 the successor to the post of secretary of the College de France as well as Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, posts which were vacated by the death of his father, Jean Jacques Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Emmanuel, who had also been his teacher in Oriental languages. Until his death in 1875 or 76, he served for thirty-four years as a professor of history at the Academle de Paris. His writings include Memoire sur les instruments astronomiques des Arabes (1841), Memoire sur les systemes geographiques des Grecs et des Arabes (1842), Histoire des Arabes (1854), Courtes observations sur quelques points de I'histoire de I'astronomie et des mathematiques chez les Orientaux (1863), and he edited his father's, Treiie des instruments astronomiques des Arabes (1834). Bullettino di bibJiografia e di storia 9 (1876), pp. 649-654; Flick, p. 204; Hoefer, cols. 681-2; Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 9 (1961), pp. 30-5; I'Orient, I'Algerie et les colonies frangaises 1 (1866/7), 375-80

Sae, Adrien, born 10 July 1880 at Kolmar (Colmar), Alsace, he received a degree in letters and a doctorate in law in 1907 from the Universlte de Paris with a thesis entitled Le passeport en France. He was a magistrate and judge at various locations in France. IndexBFr2 (1) von Seeger, Karl, born 19 July 1889 at Karlsruhe, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1916 at TObingen for Beitrage zur Quel/engeschichte von Burkes politischen Ideen. From 1939 to 1943 he was a librarian at Stuttgart. His writings include Das Denkmal des Weltkriegs (1930), Imam Schamil, Prophet und Feldherr (1937), Marshal/stab und Kesselpauke (1939), and Die Stauferpfalz in Hagenau i. E. (1955). He died in Stuttgart, 25 November 1971. JahrDtB,1939-1943; KDtLK, Nekro-Iog, 1971-1998 Seelye, Dorothea see Franck, Dorothea nee Seelye Seemann, Hugo Josef, born 24 November 1899 at Stuttgart, Germany, he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1924 at Erlangen with a thesis entitled Das kugelformige Astrolab nach den Mitteilungen von Alfons X. von Kastilien und den vorhandenen arabischen Quel/en. In 1937 he became a lecturer at the Technische Hochschule, Berlin. Klirschner, 1940/411 Seetzen, Ulrich Jasper, born 30 January 1767 at Sophiengroden, Germany, he studied medicine and natural sciences at Gottingen, where he received a doctorate in 1789 for Systematum de morbis plantarum brevis dijudicatio. He was a superb linguist and had a broad knowledge of practically every form of science. In 1802 he set out for the East where he spent seven years, often wandering as a beggar, before feeling confident enough to venture on the pilgrimage. From Mecca he went to Yemen, planning to cross the Peninsula to Muscat on his way to Basra and Central Asia. He was murdered in 1811 in the Yemen. He has never received in full the recognition that he deserved because a great deal of his notes disappeared; only his diary survived and was published by a team of editors between 1854 and 1859: Ulrich Jasper Seetzen's Reisen durch Syrien, Petestine; Phonhien, die Transjordan=Lander, Arabia Petree und Unter=Agypten. ADtB; Bidwell; Egyptology; Embacher; Flick Sateriades (Sepheriades), Stylianos Prodromou, born in 1873 at Smyrna, he studied at Aix-enProvence and Paris where he received a doctorate in 1897 for Etude critique sur la theone de la cause. From 1919 to 1938 he was a professor of law at the University of Athens. His writings include Le regime immobilier en Turquie au point de vue du droit international (1913), MaTflpaTa O/GOVOU~ of]poafou olxafou (1925-1929), and "ATT(( TO otptap: uou, 1895-1912. He died in Athens in 1951. EEE Setarian, Marie Alice, born 12 June 1929 at Rouen, she received three degrees at Paris in 1952, 1955, and 1963. She taught French successively at the Folkuniversitet i Sverige, Lycee Francais, London, Institut Francais, Kebenhavn, and in Algeria. After her return to Kebenhavn, she was a professor of French at the Institut for Humanistiske Fag, Danmarks Leererhejskole from 1981 to her retirement in 1998. Her writings include Etre jeune au Maroc (Kebenhavn, 1978), and she was joint editor of Sprog & kulturformidling (1987). Kraks, 1999,2000 Segal, Aaron, born 8 March 1938 at Los Angeles, he graduated from Occidental College with the class of 1959, and received a Ph.D. in 1965 from the University of California, Berkeley, for Political independence and economic interdependence in East Africa. After lectureships at Puerto Rico and Berkeley, he became in 1969 editor of Africa report magazine. In 1995, he was appointed a professor at the Department of Political Science in the University of Texas, Austin. His writings include Massacre in Rwanda (1964), East Africa; strategy for economic cooperation (1965), and as joint author Learning by doing; science and technology in the deveoloping world (1987). AmW&WS, 1973 S; NatFacDr, 1995 Segal, Judah Benzion, 21 June 1921 at Newcastle-on-Tyne, he was a professor of Semitic languages at SOAS from 1961 to his retirement in 1979, and since 1981 a principal of Leo Baeck College. His writings include Edessa, "tne blessed city(( (1970). Who, 1971-2000; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1987 Segal', Vladimir Solomonovich, born 24 March 1927 at Leningrad, he gained a first degree in 1964 with a thesis entitled Hekomopue eonpocu seyxoeoeo cocmaea u opdxnnuu coepessenuoeo eoeoceoeo numepemypnoeo fl3blKa. His writings include Xecmouemue no cneunepeeoou (1960), Hal/anbHblil «ypc apa6cKoao fl3blKa (1962), and he was joint author of Apa6cKo-pyccKuil cnoeeps cupuiicxoeo ousnekme (1978). Miliband; Miliband2 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Segall, Berta, born 16 May 1902 at Kirchenjahn, East Prussia, she studied fine arts and archaeology at the universities of Berlin, Freiburg, Leipzig, Hamburg, and Wien, where she received a Dr.phil. in 1928 with a thesis entitled Zur Zeichnung des Mittelalters. Her first employment at the Antiken-Abteilung, Berlin, was of short duration on account of her Jewish background. She went to Athens, where she prepared the Katalog der Goldschmiede-Arbeiten (1938) at the Museum Benaki. In the same year, she emigrated to the United States, where she was successively active at Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Washington, D.C., Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Princeton and Johns Hopkins universities. In 1956 she accepted an invitation from the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg, as head of the Antiken-Abteilung. She retired to Basel, where she died on 4 July 1976 after a five-year illness. Antike Kunst 20 (1977), pp. 121-122 Segel, Harold Bernard, born 13 September 1930 at Boston, he graduated from Boston College in the class of 1951 and received a Ph.D. in 1955 from Harvard for The komedia rybaltowska; a study in Polish baroque theater. In 1959 he was appointed a professor at the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures in Columbia University, New York, a post which he still held in 1995. He was a sometime director of the Institute on East Central Europe at Columbia. His writings include The literature of eighteenth-century Russia (1967). Contemporary authors, 21-24; Directory of American scholars, 1969, vol. 3, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; National faculty directory, 1995

Seger, Martin, born 27 January 1940 at MOdling, Austria, he received a Dr.habil. in 1977 for Tehran, eine moderne orientalische Metropole. In 1993 he was a professor, and chairman, Institut fur Geographie in the Universitat Klagenfurt. He edited Bruchlinie Eiserner Vorhang (1993). WhoAustria, 1996 Segert, Stanislav, born 4 May 1921 at Praha, he gained a degree in Protestant theology, and a doctorate, at Universita Karlova, Praha. He later lectured in classics at the faculty of theology. Since 1971 he was a professor of Biblical studies and Semitics at U.C.L.A. He was joint author of Orientalistik an der Prager Universitat (1967), and joint editor of Ethiopian studies, dedicated to Wolf Leslau on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday (1983). DrAS, 1974, F 1978 F, 1982 F de Segonzac, Edouard Marie Rene, Marquis, born 7 September 1867 at Noyon (Oise), he took classical studies at a Jesuit school, and the Lycee Condorcet, Paris. After passing through the military college, Saint-Cyr, in 1886, he went in the service of the sous-secreteire d'Etat aux Colonies on a special mission to Guinea, Senegal and the African Coast. On a second occasion, he visited southern Tunisia and Tripolitania. Later, while still at l'Ecole de guerre in 1899, he made his first journey to Morocco, followed by visits in the following years. In 1901 he resigned from the military in order to pursue his interest in Moroccan exploration. His writings include Voyages au Maroc; 1899-1901 (1903), Au CC13ur de I'Atlas, mission au Maroc, 1904-5 (1910), and La Legende de Florinda la Byzantine (1929). Curinier Segre, Claudio Giuseppe, born 2 March 1937 at Palermo, he graduated from Reed College with the class of 1957, and received a Ph. D. in 1970 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Quatra sponda; the Italian demographic colonization of Libya, 1922-1942. In 1977, he was appointed a professor of history at the University of Texas, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Fourth shore; the /talian colonization of Libya (1974), and /talo Balbo, a Fascist life (1987). ConAu,53-56; DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; NatFacDr,1995; Selim Seguillon, Pierre Luc, born 13 September 1940 at Nancy, he was educated at Nancy, Lyon, and the Institut francais de Damas, receiving degrees in letters as well as Arabic studies. He was a journalist from 1970 to 1977, and subsequently an editor-in-chief, television commentator and producer. His writings include Decrytage, chroniques politiques (1998), and he was a joint author of Plaidoyer pour une droite plurielle (1999). WhoFr, 1985/86-2003/2004 de Segur, Louis Gaston Adrien, born 15 April 1820 at Paris, he was educated at the Seminaire de Saint-Sulpice, and was ordained in 1847. He was a prelate who published a great number of booklets intended as popular religious propaganda. His writings include Causerie sur Ie Protestatisme d'aujourd'hui (1858), and its translation, Plain talk about Protestantism of to-day (1868). He died in Paris on 9 June 1881. Glaeser; IndexBFr2 (1); Master (1); Vapereau de Segur-Dupeyron, P., fl. 1836-39, his writings include De l'industrie en France et de la situation commerciale de Bordeaux (1837), Histoire d'un traite de paix et d'un traite de commerce conclus entre la France et I'Angleterre (1842), and Histoire des negociations commerciales et maritimes du regne de Louis XIV (1863). BN; LC Segura Graifio, Cristina, born 20th cent., her writings include Bases socioecon6micas de la poblaci6n de Almeria, siglo XV (1979), originally part of her 1972 Madrid doctoral thesis, and Almeria en el trensito a la modern idad, siglos XV y XVI (1989); she edited Ellibro del repartimiento de Almeria (1982), and she was joint editor of La ciudad ntspenice durante los siglos XIII al XVI; aetas (1985-87). Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Seguy, Marie Rose, born 20th cent., she was affiliated with the Bibliotheque nationale de Paris. Her writings include Perlodiques en langue chinoise de la Bibliotheque nationale (1972), Tresors de Chine et de Haute Asie; ceniieme anniversaire de Paul Pelliot (1979), and she translated The miraculous journey of Mahomet; Miraj nsmeh (1977), and its translation, Muhammeds wunderbare Reise durch Himmel und Holle (1977). LC

Seibert, Katharina, born 20th cent., her writings include Indien, wie wir es nicht kenne (Uffingen am Staffelsee, 1960). NUC, 1956-67 Seid, Joseph Brahim, born a Muslim 27 November 1927 at Fort Lamy, he converted to Roman Catholicism at an early age and studied at the College de la Sainte Famille, Cairo, l'Ecole nationale de la France d'Outre-mer, Paris, and the universities of Cairo, Lyon, and Paris, where he was the first Chad graduate to receive a doctorate in law. He was successively a state prosecutor, justice of peace, and public prosecutor in French Equatorial Africa. In 1965 he was the first ambassador of the Chad to France. In 1966 he was appointed Minister of Justice, and in 1975, Keeper of the Seals. His writings include Au Tchad sous les etoiles (1962), and Un enfant du Tchad (1967). He died 21 November 1981. AfricaWW, 1991; Hommes et destins V, pp. 84-85 Seid-zade (Ce~p'-3ap'e/Saidzada), Ali Azhdar, born 20th cent., his writings include Xallamyp A60BflH u eeo CBfl3U c nepeooBblMU npeocmeeumeneuu A3ep6aiJo>KaHa XIX BeKa (Baku, 1960), and Mup3a Wacj:Ju CaoblK-oanbl Besex (Baku, 1969). NUC, 1968-1972 Seidel, August, born 29 September 1863 at Helmstedt, Germany, he studied Oriental languages at Halle, and was from 1889 to 1903 a secretary of Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft, and from 1899 to 1914, editor of Koloniale Monatsblatter. His writings include Deutschlands Kolonien (1902), Anthologie aus der asiatischen Volksliteratur (1898), Das Geistesleben der afrikanischen Negervolker (1904), Die Hausasprache (1906), Marokkanische Sprachlehre (1907), and Geschlecht und Sitte im Leben der Volker (1925). He died in 1916. DtBilnd (1); KDtLK,1906; Werist's, 1909-1912 Seidel, Ernst, born 5 May 1852 at Dresden, he gained a Dr.med., and was from 1882 to 1904 a country physician near Leipzig. After his retirement, he pursued the study of Oriental languages, which he deepened during his holidays, in particular in the Near East. With a sound knowledge of Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Armenian, and well versed in ancient medicine, he was the contemporary authority in his SUbject. His writings include the translation, Die Medizin im Kitab MafatTh al-'uIOm (1914). He died in MeiBen on 25 January 1922. DtBilnd (1); FOck, p. 324; Der/s/am 13 (1923), pp. 280-281 Seidel, Linda Valerie, born early 20th cent., she was in 1995 a professor at the Department of Art in the University of Chicago. Her writings include Romansque sculpture from the cathedral of SaintEtienne, Toulouse (1977), a work which was originally presented as a thesis in 1964 at Harvard. NatFacDr, 1995

Seidensticker, Tilman, born 4 September 1955 at Gottinqen, he received a Dr.phil. in 1982 with a thesis entitled Die Gedichte des Sarmadal ibn SarTk, and a Dr.habil. in 1990 at Gie~en, where he subsequently lectured in Islamic studies. EURAMES, 1993; KOrschner, 1996,2001; Private Seidl-Hohenveldern, Ignaz, born 15 June 1918 at Schonberg, Austria, he gained a Dr.jur., and later the Universite de Paris conferred on him an honorary doctorate. He was a professor of law successively at SaarbrOcken, Koln, and finally Wien from 1981 to his retirement in 1988. His writings include Internationales Konfiskations- und Enteignungsrecht (1952). KOrschner, 1954-2001; WhoAustria, 1982/83, 1996 von Seidlitz, Carl Johann, born 6 March 1798 at Reval, he gained a Dr.med. in 1821 at the Universitat Dorpat with a thesis entitled De praecipuis oculorum morbis inter Esthonos obviis. In the same year he started practising medicine at St. Petersburg. He was private physician to count Tolstoi from 1826 to 1828, when he set out on studies at Paris, Montpellier, Geneve, and Pisa. From 1828 to 1829 he participated in the Russo-Turkish war with the 2nd Army. In 1830 he went to the ophthalmic clinic at St. Petersburg where from 1836 he concurrently served as a port physician and a professor at the medico-surgical academy. In 1841 he retired to his estate near Dorpat. His writings include Medicinische Geschichte des russisch-tOrkischen Feldzugs in den Jahren 1828 und 1829 (1854). He died in Dorpat on 7 February 1885. ADtB, vol. 33, pp. 645-646; Baltisch (5); DtBE; DtBilnd (3) von Seidlitz (Seydlitz), Nicolai Carl Samuel, born 25 June 1831 at Riga, he was educated at the Domschule, Reval, and studied physics and botany at the Universitat Dorpat. From 1855 to 1857 he travelled in the Caucasus and Persia, and in 1858 became a director of a sericultural school at Nukha (Sheki), Azerbaijan. He was attached to the administration of the Caucasus and also served as a government representative at the land survey of the Caucasus from 1863 to 1866, when he entered the statistical committee, first at Baku, and since 1868 at Tiflis. He was a corresponding member of

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357 Gelehrte Estnische Gesellschaft as well as numerous international learned societies. His writings include Botanische Ergebnisse einer Reise durch das ostliche Transkaukasien und den Aderbeidshan, ausgefahrt in den Jahren 1855 und 1856 (Dorpat, 1857). He died in Tiflis, 15 October 1907. Baltisch (2) von Seidlitz, Woldemar Eduard, born 1 June 1850 at St. Petersburg, he studied economics at Dorpat and Heidelberg, where he received a doctorate in 1874. He then studied fine arts at Leipzig. From 1878 to 1885 he served as a museum administrator at the Kupferstichkabinett, Berlin, and from 1889 to his retirement in 1919 at the Konigliche Sammlungen, Dresden, where he died on 16 January 1922. Baltisch (3); DtBiind (2)

Seidov, Raif-bei Alievich, born 17 March 1924 at Baku, he gained a first degree in 1956 at Moscow with a thesis entitled AapapHuble omnoiuenu» a coeoeuenno» UpaHe. He edited UpaH U Typuu»; eonpocu ucmopuu (Baku, 1986). Miliband; Miliband2 Seif, Theodor, born 1 August 1894 at Wien, he received a Dr.phil. in 1918 at Wien with a thesis entitled Kritische Untersuchungen abet die arabischen Quel/en zur alten Islamgeschichte. He was from 1916 to 1921 a teacher at the Offentliche Lehranstalt fOr Orientalische Sprachen, Wien, and subsequently a lecturer at the Universitat. From 1920 to 1930 he was a director of the Papyrussammlung at the Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek. He died in 1939. Klirschner, 1926-1935

Seiff, Julius, born 20 October 1821 at Leipzig, he was an engineer who also pursued an interest in archaeology. After spending some months in Egypt, he travelled in 1867 in Algeria and western Europe. During 1871 and 1872 he visited Cyprus, Syria, and Asia Minor. On a new journey to Egypt he died in the East in 1875. His writings include Reisen in der asiatischen Tarkei (1875). Embacher

Seifu Metaferia, fl. 1974, he wrote the booklet Time reckoning among the Qottus (196- ?).

LC

Seiful'-Muliukov, Farid Mustafevich, he wrote PO>KOeHUe UpaKcKou Pecny6nuKu (1958), and 6opb6e se neseeucuvocms u npoepecc (1959). NUC, 1956-67

noe« ae

Seignette, Napoleon, fl. 1927, he was a military interpreter who had gained a law degree. He edited and translated from the Arabic of Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi, Code musulman (Alger, 1878), and he translated Le code penal, traduit en arabe par ordre du Gouvernementgeneral de I'Algerie (1882). Seiidov

(Cej~AoB), Mirali Miralakber oglu, born 18 October 1918, he gained a doctorate in philology in 1970, and was appointed a professor in 1979. His writings include Govsi Tabrizi (Baku, 1963), and neaeu,nepoooe 3aKaaKa3bfl (Baku, 1963). AzarbSE, vol. 8, p. 329

Seippel, Heinrich Julius Manfred Alexander, born 22 January 1851 at Kristiansand, Norway, he studied Semitic languages in Norway and at Leipzig, where he also took Persian. He later became a professor of Semitic languages at Oslo. His writings include Rerum normannicarum fontes arabici e Iibris quum typis expressistum manu scriptis (Oslo, 1896-1928). He died in Oslo on 22 April 1938. Flick; NorskBL

Seiranian, Bagrat Gareginovich, born 23 April 1931 at Tbilisi, he graduated in 1955 from the Faculty of History, Moscow State University, gained a first degree in 1965 with a thesis entitled Heuuonensnoocecoooumensne» 6opb6a eeunemcsoeo Hapooa nocne emopoc uupoeot: eoanu, and received a doctorate in 1990 with a thesis entitled 3aonlOu,ufl «necce KpynHblx 3eMneanaoenbu,ea a apa6cKux cmpenex 5nU>KHeaO Bocmoxe a XIX - nepeoii nonoeune XX s., a work which was published in 1991. His writings include Eaunem a 6opb6e sa neseeucuuocme, 1945-1952 (1970), and 3aonlOu,ufl couuensnoa cmpyKmypbl cmpen Apa6cKoao Bocmoxe (1991). Miliband; Miliband2 Seiwert, Wolf Dieter, born 27 January 1945, he was an anthropologist who gained a degree in Arabic and who specialized in history and culture of the western Sahara. He was a sometime research fellow in the Museum fOr Volkerkunde, Leipzig. He edited Maurische Chronik; die Volker der Westsahara in historischer Oberlieferungund Berichten (1988). LC; Schoeberlein

Sejourne, Paul-M., O.P., born 19th cent., he was affiliated with the Couvent des peres Dominicans de Jerusalem. He delivered an address during the opening ceremony of the Ecole pratique d'etudes bibliques, Jerusalem, on 15 November 1890. BN

Sekaly, Achille, fl. 1914-1952, he was in 1928 a director of the European Service at the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Cairo, and in 1941, a foreign press censor at the Ministry of the Interior, Cairo, and for over twenty-five years a member of the Societe Fouad ler d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. His writings include Le conqres du khalifat et Ie congres du monde musulman (1926), and L'imp6t sur Ie revenue en Egypte (1939). Note; NUC, pre-1956 SQkowski, J6zef Julian, 1800-1858 see Senkovskii, Osip Ivanovich Selby, William Beaumont, fl. 19th cent., he was a captain in the Indian Navy, and made in 1842 the first detailed survey of the River Karun, assisted by Henri Layard. His writings include a Letter to W P. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

358 Andrew, chairman of the Euphrates Valley Railway, on the importance and necessity of the establishment of the Euphrates route (London, 1864). BLC; Wright, p. 101, note, p. 161

Selden, John, born in 1584, he was educated at Chichester and Oxford, and in 1612 called to the bar from Inner Temple. He was a jurist and politician who also won fame as an orientalist by his treatise De Diis Syris (1617), and subsequently made a valuable collection of oriental manuscripts, most of which passed at his death into the Bodleian Library, Oxford. He died in 1654. AnaBrit; Biography and genealogy master index (0); Britlnd (25); EncAm; Concise DNB; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; RNL

FOck, p. 85; GdeEnc;

Seleskowitsch, Hildegard, fl. 1953-61, she studied philosophy and Islamic subjects, and gained a Dr.phil. She was a member of the Austrian Unesco commission, and wrote on comparative religion and philosophy. Note

Seligman, Brenda Z. (Salaman), born 26 June 1883 at London, she was a private scholar and the wife of Charles G. Seligman. After his death she devoted much of her energies to a career in the field of anthropology. In 1957/58 she was an instructor at Columbia University, N.Y.C., and in the following two years became affiliated with the East African Institute of Social Research, Kampala. She was joint author of The Veddas (1911). She died on 2 January 1965. Oriental art, 11 (1965), p. 189

Seligman, Charles Gabriel, born in 1873 at London, he was a physician and ethnologist who from 1913 to 1934 held the chair of ethnolgy in the University of London. He was joint author of Pagan tribes of Nilotic Sudan (1932), a study which is the result of a survey undertaken by him and his wife, Brenda Z., during several visits to the Sudan. He also wrote Egypt and Negro Africa (1934). He died in 1940. Biography index, 4, 10; Dictionary of national biography; Hill; WhE&EA,; Who was who, 3; Wininger

Seligman, Thomas Knowles, born 1 January 1944 at Santa Barbara, Calif., he graduated from Stanford University with the class of 1965 and spent the years 1968 to 1970 with the Peace Corps in Liberia. He was a sometime curator in charge of the Department of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco. Biography and genealogy master index (1); WhoAm, 1982-2003;

WhoAmArt, 1978-2001/2002

Seligmann, Franz (Franciscus) Romeo, born 30 June 1808 at Wien, he studied at Wien, where he received a Dr.med. in 1830, and also became a lecturer in 1833. He briefly worked at the local general hospital, before returning to his alma mater as a professor of history of medicine. His writings include Uber drey hochst seltene persische Handschriften (1833), and he edited and translated Codex Vindobonensis; sive, Medici Abu Mansur Muwaffik bin Ali Jeratensis Liber fundamentorum pharmatologics (1859). He died in Wien on 15 September 1892. GeistigeWien, 2 (1893); JewEnc; Sezgin

Seligsohn, Max, born 13 April 1865 in Russia, he trained for the rabbinate at Slutsk, Belorussia, and then studied modern languages in N.Y.C. from 1888 to 1894, when he went to Paris to study Oriental languages. He received degrees from the Ecole des langues orientales and the Ecole des hautes etudes in 1897 and 1900 respectively. In 1898 he was sent by the Alliance Israelite Universelle to Abyssinia to inquire into the conditions of the Falashas, but he got no further than Cairo, where he then stayed for a year and a half as a teacher. Upon his return to Paris he received an invitation from the Jewish encyclopedia to join their New York staff. His writings include the Dlwan de Tarafa ibn tAbd alBakri, accompagne du commentaire de Y6usouf al-Atlam (1901). CnDiAmJBi; JewEnc; Wininger Selim, George Dimitri, born in 1931, he received a Ph. D. in 1969 from Georgetown University with a thesis entitled The poetic vocabulary of I/Tya AbO Madi; a computational linguistic study. His writings include Arab world newspapers in the Library of Congress (1980). Selim Selim, Tayeb, 1914- see Slim, Taieb Selimovic, Ahmed, born 17 September 1913 at Sarajevo, he was a sometime imam and khatib successively at Budakovi6i and Bascarsija. He later became affiliated with the Gazi Husrevbegova Biblioteka in Sarajevo, where he also died on 8 March 1985. Anali Gazi Husrev-Begove Biblioteke, 11/12 (1985),

p.336

Selinov, V. I., fl. 1928, his writings include KynbmypoaeaeHue a KpaeaeollecKou petiome (Leningrad, 1928). OSK

Sell, Edward, canon, born in 1839, he was educated at private schools as well as the Church Missionary Society's College, London, and gained a doctorate in divinity. He went to India in 1865 to become headmaster of the Harris School for Moslems, Madras. He spent his entire career in India, where he died in Bangladore on 15 February 1932. His writings include The faith of Islam (1901), The battles of Badr and Uhud (1909), The cult of Ali (1910), The Druses (1910), Bahaism (1912), and The Ayyub and Mamluk sultans (1929). Buckland; Note; Riddick; Who, 1921, 1929; Who was who, 3 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Sella, Amnon, born 5 July 1934, his writings include Soviet political and military conduct in the Middle East (1980), and he was joint author of Israel, the peaceful belligerent, 1967-79 (1986). LC Sella, Quitino, born in 1827 at Mosso Santa Maria (Vercelli), he trained as an engineer at the Universita di Torino and became a financier, crystallographer, and a sometime professor of mathematics. His writings include Memorie di cristallagrafia (1885). He was honoured by Commemorazione di Quintino Sella prom ossa dall'Unione liberale monarchica (1884). He died in Biella (Vercelli) in 1884. IndBI (6) Sella, Vittorio, born in 1859, he was an Italian photographer, whose writings include Haut Caucase (1902), and as joint author The exploration of the Caucasus (1896). Ronald W. Clark wrote Splendid hills; the life and photographs of Vittorio Sella (London, 1948). He died in 1943. Bioln 5,15; IndBI (1) Sellheim, Rudolf, born 15 February 1889 at Halle/Saale, he received a Dr.phil. in 1930 from the Unlversitat Halle-Wittenberg with a thesis entitled De Parthenii et Antonini fontium indiculorum auctoribus. He was a lecturer in classics at his alma mater. He died in 1956. KOrschner, 1940/41; Private Sellheim, Rudolf, born 15 January 1928 in Halle/Saale, he was educated at Franckesche Stiftungen, Halle, and studied at Halle and Frankfurt am Main, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1953 with a thesis entitled Die klassisch-arabischen Sprichwortersammlungen insbesondere die des Abu 'Ubaid. From 1958 to his retirement he was chairman of Orientalisches Seminar in the Universltat Frankfurt am Main. His writings include a catalogue of Arabic manuscripts entitled Arabische Handschriften; Materialien zur arabischen Literaturgeschichte, pt. 1 & 2 (1976-87). KOrschner, 1961-2003; Wer ist wer, 1984 Sellin, Eric, born 7 November 1933 at Philadelphia, Pa., he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania where he also received a Ph.D. in French literature in 1965. He was a professor of French and creative writing at a variety of U.S. universities and the founder of the Center for the Study of the Francophone Literature of North Africa, Philadelphia. He was a contributor to African society reflected in neo-African literature (1973). Bioln 14; ConAu 17-20, new rev., 7, 22; DrAS, 1969-1982 F; IntAu&W, 19761991/92; Master (2); WhoAm, 1995-2001; WrDr, 1976/78-2000

Selmeczi, Laszlo, born 1 September 1942 at Szeged, Hungary, he was since 1994 associated with the Deri Muzeurn, Debrecen. He was joint editor of Kozepkori regeszetOnk ujebt: eredmenyei es laoszen: feldatai (1985), and Epiteszet az Alfoldon (1989). MagyarNKK,1992-2000 van Selms, Adrianus, born 21 January 1906 at Amsterdam, he was educated at Hilversum and received a doctorate in 1933 from the Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht with a thesis entitled De babylonische termini voor zonde. He briefly served as a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, before he became a professor of Semitic languages in the University of Pretoria. His writings include Arabies-Afrikaanse studies (1951), Marriage & family life in Ugaritic literature (1954), and Abu Bakr se "Uitensetting van die godsdienst, 'n arabies-afrikaanse tekst uit de jaer 1869 (1979). Wie is dat, 1948, 1956; WhoNL,1962/63 it

Selosse, Jacques, born 20th cent., he was in 1963 affiliated with the C.N.R.S. He was a sometime professor of psychology at the Universite de Paris XIII. His writings include Le travail d'interet general (1987), and he edited Que deviennent-ils? (1974). LC Seltzer, William, born 22 September 1934 at N.Y.C., he was from 1964 to 1967 an adviser to the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, and a sometime director of the United Nations' Statistical Office. His writings include Demographic data collection (1973). WhoUN,1975 Semaan, Khalil Ibrahim Hanna, born 6 March 1920 at Safita, Syria, he graduated from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and received a Ph.D. in 1959 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Phonetics in early Arabic. He edited Islam and the medieval West (1980). ConAu 37-40; DrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F; Master (1); WrDr, 1976/78-2000

Semach, Y. D., fl. 1937-38, he was affiliated with the Alliance Israelite Universelle, Paris. His writings include A travers les communeutes israelites d'Orient (Paris, 1931), and Une mission d'Alliance au Yemen (s.d.). NUC, pre-1956 Semah, David, he received a D.Phil. in 1969 at Oxford with a thesis entitled Four modern Egyptian critics, a work which was published in 1974. Sluglett Semeniuk, Georgii Ivanovich, fl. 1959, his writings include np06neMbi ucmopuu «o-eeux nneuen u nepoooe nepuooe epeOaanu3Ma (1973), and he edited Couuem.no-seonoteuueceue omnouienun u «neccoeenun 60pb6a a oopeeornouuonnot) aepeaHe (1979). LC Semenov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, born in 1873, he studied at Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, and received a doctorate in 1942 for OllepK ycmpoOcmaa uenmpensnoeo aaMUHucmpamuenoeo ynpeenenus 6blaweao 5yxapcKoao xencmee nosoneiuueeo epenet«: His writings include K Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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ooaMamUKe naMUpCKOaO UCMaunU3Ma (1926), Ysesemen» nepcuocsot) numepemypu no ucmopuu y36eKoe euetueeo CpeoHeiJ A3UU (1926), and MamepuanbHble naMRmHUKU upaHcKoiJ Kynbmypbl s CpeoHeiJ A3UU (1945). Boris A. Litvinskii wrote a biography, AneKcaHop AneKcaHopoeulf ceuenoe (1971). He died on 16 November 1958. Index Islamicus (2); EST; KazakSE; Miliband; Miliband2 Semenov, Daniil Vladimirovich, born in 1890 at Kerch, Crimea, he studied Oriental languages at St. Petersburg. He was the last of Krachkovskii's students who, after graduation, was able to spent two years in an Arab environment as a lecturer at the teachers' college, Nazareth. During his last years he specialized in contemporary Arabic literature. His writings include Xpecmonemun peseoeopnoeo epeticsoeo R3blKa (1929), and Cunmekcuc coepeuennoeo epeticxoeo numepemynoeo R3blKa (1941). He died suddenly on 7 May 1943. Krachkovskii, p. 245; Miliband; Miliband2 Semenov, Leonid Petrovich, born in 1886, his writings include flepMoHmoe U cjJonbKnop Keesese (1941), and My3eiJ «peeeeoenu» Ceeeonoa Occmuu, 1897-1947 (1948). LC Semenov, Leonid Sergeevich, fl. 1958, his writings include POCCUR U Me>KoyHapooHble omnouienus ne CpeoHeM Bocmoxe (1963); he was joint author of XO>KeHUe se mpu MOpR AcjJaHacuR Hukumune (1986); and he edited 03 UCKpbl eoseoouus nnen» (1985). LC Semenov-Tian-Shanskii, Petr Petrovich, born in 1827 in Russia, he had studied geography, also in Germany. He was an explorer of the lakes Balkhash and Issyk-Kul as well as the Tien Shan Mountains, and the courses of the Naryn and Syr Darya rivers. He died in St. Petersburg in 1914. Embacher; EST; GSE; KazakSE; KyrgyzSE

Semenova, Lidiia Andreevna, born 10 November 1925 at Moscow, she graduated in 1948 from Moscow State University, and received her first degree in 1959 for AapapHble omnouienun e Eaunme HaKaHyHe mypuxoeo seeoeeenun, and a doctorate in 1980 with for Eaunem npu (/)amuMuoax. Since 1957 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include Canax eo-oun U MaMnlOKU e Eaunme (1966), 03 ucmopuu cjJamUMUOCKoao e Eaunma; olfepKu U uemeouenu (1974), 03 ucmopuu cpeoneeesoeoc CupUU; CenbO>KyKcKUiJ neouoo (1990), and she translated Ibn Jubayr's Rihlah in 1984 into Russian. Miliband; Miliband2 Semenova, Lidiia Evgorovna, fl. 1969, her writings include Pyccxo-eeneuicsue omnoiuenun e KOL(eneuene XVIII e. (1969). LC Semenova, Nina Ivanovna, born 18 November 1923 at Moscow, she graduated in 1948 from Moscow State University, and received her first degree in 1951 for Seeoeenu» acjJaaHL(aMu nee06epe>KbR AMy,D,apbu e 30-80-x eooex XIX eexe. From 1952 to 1979 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include rocyoeocmeo cukxoe (1958), and ncmoou« CUKXCKoao OeU>KeHUR e 0HOUU (1963), and as joint author Kneccoeen 60pb6a s coeoeueunoii UHOUiJCKOiJ oepeeHe (1969); she was joint editor of 0HOUR - COlO3 uimemoe (1981). Miliband; Miliband2 Semionov, Petr Petrovich, 1827-1914 see Semenov-Tian-Shanskii, Petr Petrovich Semple, Ellen Churchill, born in 1863 at Louisville, Ky., she graduated from Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., with the class of 1882, and in 1891-92 and 1895 studied at the Unlversitat Leipzig. She became a professor of anthropology at Clark University from 1921 to 1928. Her writings include Influences of geographic environment (1911), and The geography of the Mediterranean region (1931). She died in 1932. DAB; Master (11); NatCAB, vol. 35, p. 139; WhAm, 1 Sen, Erkan, born 21 March 1942 at Bodrum, Turkey, he studied geography, geology, and statistics at Ankara Oniversitesi, where he received his first degree in 1964. After studying urbanism for a year at the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, he changed to sociology at the Universitat SaarbrOcken, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1975 with a thesis entitled Entwicklung der Wohngebiete der Stadt Ankara seit 1923 unter besonderer Berilcksichtigung des Gecekondu-Phenomens. Thesis Sen, Faruk, born 21 April 1948 at Ankara, he studied business administration and received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1979 from the Universitat MOnster with a thesis entitled Tilrkische Arbeitnehmergesellschaften. In 1991 he was appointed professor of economics at Essen, and concurrently became a director of the Zentrum fur TOrkeistudien. He was a member of several international learned societies. His writings include Volkssektor Tilrkei (1979), Tilrkei; Land und Leute (1985), and Almanya'daki Tilrkiye (1991). Kim kimdir, 1997/98-2000; Kurschner, 1996,2001; Private Sen, Gertrude nee Emerson, born in 1890 at Lake Forest, Illinois, she lived in the East, contributed to various journals, and was an editor of Asia and Asia and the Americas from 1917 to 1932. In the 1920s she was sent around the world on an extensive tour of study and investigation of Oriental

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problems. Her writings include Voiceless India (1930), and Cultural unity of India (1954).

Asia, 1920;

LC; WhE&EA

Sencourt, Robert, born in 1890 in New Zealand, he was educated at St. John's College, Tamaki, New Zealand, and St. John's College, Oxford. He was a professor of English, a biographer, and taught from 1933 to 1936 in Egypt. His writings include Purse and politics (19219, India in English literature (1925), and Winston Churchill (1940). He died in 1969. Master (1); WhE&EA; Who was who, 6 Sendrail, Marcel Sylvain, born 31 August 1900 at Toulouse, he received a medical doctorate in 1925 at Toulouse with a thesis entitled Etudes de carcinologie expetimemele. From 1939 to 1970 he was a professor at the Faculte de medecine de Toulouse. He died 7 June 1976. WhoFr, 1955/56-1975/76 Senes, H., fl. 1955, he was a Roman Catholic priest who wrote the guide Nagel entitled Israel (1970). Sengelia (lllearenaa), Luiza Nesterovna, born 19 June 1935 at Zugdidi, Georgia, she graduated in 1953 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis State University, and received her first degree in 1970 at Tiflis for K ucmopuu eocyoepcmee sennoe. Since 1960 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Georgian Academy of Science. Her writings include t1paH eo eoen» Keouu-xene 3eHoa (1973). Miliband2 Sengelia (lllearertna), Nodar Nestorovich, born 20 December 1932 at Zugdidi, Georgia, he graduated in 1956 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis State University, and received his first degree in 1960 at Tiflis He was awarded a doctorate in 1970, and a for KaHyH-HaMe lJOpO>KUCmaHa 1572/1573 2. professorship in 1982. Since 1981 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Georgian Academy of Science. In 1979 he edited a Turkish history of Georgia and the Caucasus by Mustafa Na'im. Miliband2 Sengstock, Mary Catherine, born 24 March 1936 at Detroit, she received a Ph. D. in 1967 from Washington University for Maintenance of social interaction patterns in an ethnic group. She spent her academic career from 1966 to her retirement at Wayne State University. Her writings include Chaldean Americans (1982). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; NatFacDr,1995; Selim; WhoAmW, 1989/90 Senigova, Taisiia Nikolaevna, fl. 1956, her writings include CpeoHeaeKoabliJ Tepee (1972).

LC

Senkevich, Irina Grigor'evna, fl. 1953, her writings include An6aHuR a nepuoo eocmounoeo «pusuce, 1875-1881 2.2. (1965), and she was joint author of Kpemse» ucmopun An6aHuu (1965). LC Senkovskii (Sekowski), Osip Ivanovich, born in 1800 at Vilna, Russia, he studied Oriental languages at Vilna where he graduated in 1819. In 1821 he was attached as a dragoman to the Russian Embassy at Constantinople when, under the auspices of the Imperial Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, he came to Egypt. He ascended the Nile to the second cataract. On his return to Russia in 1822 he was nominated a professor of Oriental languages at St. Petersburg, a post which he held until 1847. His writings, partly under the pseudonym Baron Brambeus, include Collectanea z dziejopis6w tureckich rzeczy do historyi polskiey sluzqcych z dodatkiem objasniefl potrzebnych i krytycznych uwag (182425), Ilucmsu 6apoHa 5paM6eyca (1858), C06paHie couunenit: CeHKoacKa20 (1858-59); and he edited and translated from the Tajik of Muhammad Yusuf ibn Khawajah Baqa Supplement a I'histoire generale des Huns, des Turcs et des Mogols (1824). He died in St. Petersburg on 16 March 1858. BiobibSOT, pp. 258-260; DLB 198 (1999), pp. 281-291; Dziekan; GSE, v. 23, p. 337; Hill; Krachkovski, pp. 100-104; PSB

Sentenach y Cabanas, Narciso, born 5 December 1853 at Soria, he studied at C6rdoba and Sevilla, and gained degrees in law and letters. He was a historian, art critic, sculptor, and painter. His writings include La lengua y la literatura sanskritas ante la crftica hist6rica (1898), and Bosquejo hist6rico sobre la offebrerfa espanola (1909). He died 26 August 1925. EncicUni; IndiceE3(5) Sepehri, Abazar, born about 1940, he was from about the 1980s until 2002 a Persian librarian at the University of Texas, where he was instrumental in the development of the strongest Azeri collection in the United States His writings include Iranian corporate headings with references (1976). WhoLibl, 1982 Sepherriades, Stylianos Prodromou, 1873-1951 see Seferiades, Stylianos Prodromou Sepp, Johann Nepomuk, born 9 August 1816 at Bad Tolz, Bavaria, he studied theology, philosophy, and history. He subsequently lectured in history, and published popular works on the New Testament. Politically a conservative, he was active in a party of Bavarian patriots. His writings include Neue architektonische Studien und historisch-topographische Forschungen in Pelesiin« (1867), Orient und Occident (1903), and his autobiography, Dr. Johann Nepomuk Sepp, 1816-1909; ein Bild seines Lebens nach seinen eigenen Aufzeichnungen (1916). He died in MOnchen on 5 June 1909. BioJahr 14 (1909), pp. 205-211; DtBE; DtBilnd (4); Embacher; KDtLK, 1909; LuthC, 1975

EI Serafy, Salah, born 18 April 1927 at Damietta, Egypt. Under the Department of State Fulbright Program he went in 1963 as a visiting research fellow to Harvard University. He subsequently became

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a lecturer in economics at the University of Alexandria. He was joint editor of Population, technology, and lifestyle; the transition to sustainability (1992). LC; Unesco Serageldin (Siraj ai-Din), Ismail, born 9 May 1944 at Giza, Egypt. Since 1990 he was a director of department at the World Bank, Washington, D.C. His writings include Space for freedom; the search for architectural excellence in Muslim societies (Geneva, Aga Khan Award for Architecture, 1989), he was joint editor of The Arab city, its character and Islamic cultural heritage (1982), and a contributor to several collective works. LC; WhoUN, 1992 Serauky, Eberhard, born 11 September 1940 at Halle, he pursued Oriental studies at the Universltat, received a Dr.phil. in 1968 for Die wissenschaftlich-publizistische Tatigkeit Muhammad Kurd 'Ali's im Dienst der arabischen Renaissance in Syrien, and a Dr. habil. in 1983 for Die gesellschaftliche Wirklichkeit und konzeptionelle Vorstellungswelt der Isma'ilija und der Qarmaten im jemenitischen Mittelalter. He was a sometime researcher in the Institut fur Orientforschung, Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, and a professor of Asian studies at Humboldt Universitat, Berlin. His writings include Geschichte des Islam (1991). KUrschner, 19921; Thesis Serdiuchenko, Georgii Petrovich, born in 1904 at St. Petersburg, he graduated in 1923 in Slavic literature and law, and received a doctorate in 1947. In the same year he also became a professor. From 1930 to 1945 he was affiliated with the Rostov Pedagocial Institute, and from 1950 to 1965, he was head of the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. He wrote Ouep« no eonoocen nepeeooe (1948), 06ylfeHue epeuome e iukonex 3anaoHoeo Keesese (1955), L!>KyaHcKu{} fl3blK (1961), Pyccxe» mpencxpunuun on» fl3blKoe 3apy6e>KHOeO Bocmose (1967). He died in 1965. Miliband; Miliband 2 Serebrennikov, Boris Aleksandrovich, born in 1915 at Kholmogory, Russia, he graduated in 1940 at Moscow, where he received his first degree in 1949, and his doctorate in 1956 with a thesis entitled Kemeeopuu epeuenu u euoe e tpunuo-yeopcxux fl3blKax nepMcKo{} epytm. He was a Finno-Ugrian scholar and affiliated with Moscow State University from 1950 to his death on 28 February 1989. His writings include Kemeeopuu epeMeHu u euoe e ibunno-yeopcxux fl3blKax nepucxot) u eOn>KCKo{} epyrm (1960), Cucmeue eoeuen memeocxoeo eneeone (1963), McmopulfecKafi uooaanceu« MopooecKux nsuroe (1967), Beponmnocmnue otiocnoeenu» e xotanepemueucmuxe (1974), and Cpeenumennoucmopineceen epaMMamuKa miopcsux fl3blKoe (1986). Miliband 2 Serena, Carla, born first quarter of 19th cent., she was an explorer and traveller who visited the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Near and Middle East. Her writings include De la Baltique a la mer Caspienne (1875), Hommes et choses en Perse (1883), its Persian translation in 1984, and Une Eurooenne en Perse (1890). She died in 1884. IndBI (6) Sergeev, Leonid Pavlovich, fl. 1970, his writings include ,auaneKmonoeulfecKu{} cnoeeos vyeeuicxoeo fl3blKa (1968), L!yeawcKue HapooHble eoeopu (1969), and he edited 100 nem noeoo lfyeawcKo{} nucusennocmu (1972), and opeseonceu» coepeuennoeo uveeiucscec fl3blKa (1985), and in the same year he contributed to Chavash chlekhin tunter siovere =06pamHbl{} cnoeeps uyeeiucuoeofl3blKa. LC Sergeev, V. I., fl. 1972, his writings include npo6neMbi ucmopuuecxoc nescukonoeuc uveetucsoeo fl3blKa (1980), and he edited nccneooeeuun no epaMMamuKe U cjJpa3eonoeuu nyeeiuoeoeo fl3blKa (1981). LC Sergeeva, Galina Aleksandrovna, born 20th cent., she was affiliated with the Ethnographical Institute, Societ Academy of Science. Her writings include AplfuHLJ,bl (1967). NUC, 1956-67 Sergent, Etienne, born 12 August 1878 at Mila, Algeria, he received a medical doctorate in 1901 at Montpellier for Les tatouages dans les pays chauds, leur ablation. From 1900 to 1948 he was associated with the work of his elder brother, Edmond, director of the Institut Pasteur d'Algerie. It is with his brother that he eradicated maleria in the Arrnee d'Orient. His writings include L'Armee d'Orient delibree du paludisme (1932), and as joint author Histoire d'un marais algerien (1947). He died on 7 August 1948. Hommes et destins, vol. 2, pp. 675-676 Sergi, Sergio, born 13 March 1878, he studied in Italy and Germany, and gained a medical doctorate. He became an anthropologist and a sometime professor in the Universita di Roma. His writings include Crania habessinica; contributo all'antropologica dell'Africa orientale (1912). Chi e, 1948, 1957, 1961; Wholtaly, 1958

Sergievskii, Maksim Vladimirovich, 1892-1946. His writings include MonoaecKHe 3mlOobi (1936),

ilueeucso-pyccxut: cnoeeps (1985), and as joint author Dictionar romeno-rus (1950).

NUC, pre-1956

Serick, Rolf, born 30 June 1922 at Goppinqen, Germany, he held a variety of university posts successively at TObingen, Heidelberg, and Stuttgart. His writings include Rechtsform und Realitat Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

363 juristischer Personen (1955), and the translation, Securities in movables in German law (1990). He died in the Dominican Republic, 27 March 2000. KOrschner, 1954-1996; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77

Serikova, Liudmila Nikolaevna, born 1 November 1935 in Russia, she graduated in 1958 from the Institute of Oriental Languages at Moscow, and received her first degree in 1975 for Manble cPOPMbl nupueu Anuwepa Heeou, a work which was published in 1981. She was affiliated with the Institute for Language and Literature, Uzbek Academy of Science from 1959 to 1967, when she joined its Institute for Manuscripts in the State Museum for Literature. Miliband2 Seriziat, Charles Victor Emile, born in 1835, he was a French medical doctor who wrote Etudes sur t'oesis de Biskra (1868), and Histoire des coieopieres de France (1880). He died after 1889. Serjeant, Robert Bertram, born 23 March 1915, his early schooling was in Edinburrgh and he passed well into Trinity, Cambridge, in the early thirties. Amongst his early journeys were those which he made in Syria; throughout his life he was no arm-chair Arabist and he travelled widely in support of his studies. After graduation from Edinburgh in 1936, he received his doctorate at Cambridge in 1939. At the beginning of the war he obtained a studentship at SOAS and, as a result, found himself in Southern Arabia. It was a lifelong association with the Aden Protectorate and the Yemen. During the war he was attached to the BBC's Eastern Service. After a ten-year professorship at SOAS, he went in 1965 to Cambridge as director of the Middle East Centre, and Sir Thomas Adams' Professor of Arabic, posts which he held until his retirement in 1982. His writings include The Portuguese on the South Arabian coast (1963), Islamic textiles (1972), South Arabian hunt (1976), and the collected essays entitled Society and trade in South Arabia, edited by G. Rex Smith (1996). He died in the springtime sun of his garden at Denmead, St. Andrews on 29 April 1993; his wife was with him. Asian affairs, n.s. 24 (1993), pp. 377-378; ConAu,139; 1.1. (3); Proceedings of the British Academy, 87 (1995), pp. 439-452; Sluglett; Who, 1969-1993

$erko, B., fl. 1930 see Shirkuh, Blih'ch Serkovic (Sherkovic), Nikola P., fl. 20th cent., his writings include L/pHa ropa sa epujeMe tlpeoe Cejemcxoe pama; oonoce ca Cp6UjOM xenumyneuuje (Titograd, 1963), and L/pHa ropa Ha oceumxy XX eujeKa (Beograd, 1964). NUC, 1968-72 Sermaye, Jean, born in 1876, his writings include Lyautey, sa vie, son ceuvre au Maroc (s.d.), L'ceuvre irenceise en terre marocaine (1938), and Barga, /'invincible; roman de mceurs nigeriennes (1947). NUC, pre-1956

Sermet, Jean Alexandre Marie Paul, born 19 January 1907 at Toulouse, he was a sometime professor at the Faculte des lettres de Toulouse, a member of the Commission internationale de limites des Pyrenees, and a consultant to the Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres. His writings include Toulouse et Zaragoza; comparaison de deux villes (1969). In 1980 he was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled Melanges hispaniques. WhoFr, 1955/56-1995/961 Sermoneta, Giuseppe, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include Un glossario filosofico ebraico-italiano de Moses ben Solomon (1969), and he was joint editor of Judeo-Romance languages (1985). LC de la Serna y Gutierrez Repide, Alfonso, born 2 July 1922 at Santander, he received a degree in law, and subsequently entered the diplomatic service in 1946. He was an ambassador in North Africa throughout the 1960s and 1970s. His writings include tmeqenes de Tcnez (1979). OSEC; Quien, 19861998; WhoSpain, 1990

Seroka, commandant, born about 1815, he entered the military college of St.-Cyr in 1841, but, on account of a reproachful incident, he graduated five years late. This compelled him to join the Legion etranqere (5 December 1847), where he was posted to the Bureaux arabes. The operations in the Sahara at that time provided him with ample opportunity to distinguish himself in tribal skirmishes. In January 1850, he became chevalier de la Legion d'honneur, and, six months later, head of the Bureau arabe at Biskra. On 16 March 1863 he became colonel, and a year later, commander of the Subdivision de Batna, and, on 26 December 1864, commandeur de la Legion d'honneur. He died in Pau, 26 December 1865. Peyronnet, 377-380 Serotta, Gerry, born 6 July 1946 at Miami, Fla., he graduated in 1968 from Harvard, and was ordained rabbi in 1974. He was active among Jewish students at the City College of New York. Who's who in religion,1992; Who's who in world Jewry, 1987

Serouya, Henri, born in 1895, his writings include Le probieme philosophique de la guerre et de la paix (1932), Le kabbale (1947), and Marmonide, sa vie, son ceuvre (1951). NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

364 Serozan, Rona, born 15 June 1942 at istanbul, he graduated from the English High School in Istanbul in 1960, and subsequently tooka law degree in 1964 at istanbul Oniversitesi. From 1964/65 to 1968 he studied law at the Universitat TObingen, where he received a Dr.jur. in 1968 with a thesis entitled Die Oberwindung der Rechtsfolgen des Formmangels im Rechtsgeschaft nach deutschem, schweizerischen und turkiscnem Recht. Until 1983, when ousted by the military regime, he was a lawyer and professor in Istanbul. His writings include Sazle§meden oonme (1975), Saglararasl yoluyla otame bagll kezendtrme (1979), and Die Rolle des Militars in der Entwicklung der TOrkei (1986). Note; Thesis Serpell, Sir David Radford, born in 1911, he was educated in England, and later served in a number of British governments as a minister. His writings include The condition of Protestantism in France and its influence on the relation of France and England, 1650-1654 (1934), a work which was originally submitted as doctoral thesis in the same year at the Universite de Toulouse. Who, 1969-2000 Serra, Alessandro, fl. 1956, his writings include Albania, 8 settembre 1943 - 9 marzo 1944 (Milano, 1974). LC Serra, Enrico, born 26 September 1914 at Modena, he was a sometime lecturer in history and international politics at the Unlversita di Bologna. His writings include L'aggressione internazionale (1946), and Camille Betrere e l'intesa italo-francese (1950). Wholtaly, 1980 Serra, Fabrizio, born 19th cent., he went to Tripolitania as a colonial officer in early 1913, and soon afterwards was put in charge of the political bureau of the regional Commissariat at Derna, where he remained until 1920. Having completed a mission as head of the political bureau of the R. Corpo di spedizione nel Mediterraneo Orientale, he spent a few years in Italy, before returning to Tripolitania in 1926 with the rank of major, and participating in the conquest of the oases on the 29th parallel. Shortly after 1936 he became head of the colonial office at the Coman do del Corpo di S. M. Promoted colonel, and prefect of Misurata, he died four months after taking office, about 1938. His writings include Italia e Senussia (1933), La guerra coloniale (1935), and La conquista integrale dell'lmpero (1939). Rivista delle colonie 12 (1938), pp. 747-748 Serra, Luigi, from Napoli, fl. 1964, his writings include Sopravvivenze lessica Ii arabe e berbere in un'area dell'/talia meridionale, Basilicata (1983), and he was joint editor of L'/talia e I'Egitto dalla rivolta di Arabi pescte all'avvento del fascism 0, 1882-1922 (1991). LC Serracino Inglott, Erin, born 16 October 1904, he studied literature at the Universlta ta' Malta, and entered the Maltese Civil Service from 1924 to his retirement in 1962. He was posted to a variety of departments on Malta as well as Gozo. His writings include II-Barrani (Malta, 1956). Mifsud, pp. 470-471 Serrao, Joaquim Vertsslmo, born 8 July 1925 at Santarern, Portugal, he was a sometime professor of history at the Universidade de Lisboa. His writings include Ensaia hist6rico sobre 0 significado e valor da tomado da Senterem aos Mouros em 1147 (1947), and Un voyageur portugais en Perse au debut du XVllle slecie, Nicolau de Drta Rebelo (1972). LC Serres, Jean Charles, born 2 September 1893, he received degrees in law and political science as well as a doctorate, and in 1920 entered the French diplomatic service in the Africa section. Soon thereafter he was posted to the Gouvernement cherifien, where he remained until 1940. Since 1942 he held a variety of administrative posts in the diplomatic service; when he retired in 1958 he had advanced to director of Affaires administratives et sociales. He was a minister plenipotentiary at Kabul in 1935, and at Damascus in 1946. His writings include La politique turque en Afrique du nord sous la Monarchie de juillet (1925). He died 12 November 1968. DBFC, 1954/55; WhoFr, 1955/56-1967/68 Serres, Victor, born 19th cent., he was a controieur civil attached to the Residence general de France in Tunis. He translated from the Arabic of Muhammad Saghir ibn Yusuf, Mechra el melki; chronique tunisienne (Tunis, 1900), and from Muhammad ibn 'Uthman al-Hasha'ishi, Voyage au pays des Senoussia a travers la Tripolitaine et les pays touraeg (1903). NUC, pre-1956 Serristori, Luigi, conte, born in 1793 at Firenze, he studied mathematics at Pisa. He experimented with steam engines, and later participated in the Russo-Turkish war, 1828-1829, with the rank of major in the engineers. His writings include Sopra Ie machine-a-vapore (1816), Saggio statistico dell'/talia (1853), and he was joint author, with N. Tomrnaseo, of Documenti spettani al commercio de veneziani con I'Armenia e Trebisous Raqusa e Negroponte (1853). He died in Firenze in 1857. IndBI (3) Serruys, Henry, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1955 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The Mongols in China during the Hung-wu period, 1368-1398. His writings include SinoJureed relations during the Yung-Lo period, 1403-1424 (1955), Trade relations; the horse fairs, 14001600 (1975), and a collection of his articles entitled The Mongols and Ming China (1987). LC

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Sertel,

Ay~e

Kudat, born 1944, she was an anthropologist whose writings include Kirvelik (Ankara,

1974). ZKO

Sertel, Sabiha (Zekeriya), born in 1895 at Selanik (Thessalonfka), she was educated at Turkish and French schools at her home town. When the city passed to Greece, the family settled in Constantinople. In 1919 she went with her husband Mehmet Zekeriya to Columbia University and continued her studies in sociology. Upon her return in 1923, she pursued a career as journalist, writer and contributor to encyclopaedias. On account of her and her husband's Marxist leanings, they left Turkey in 1950, never to return. During the last years of her life she worked with the Turkish service of Budapest Radio. Her writings include 9itra Roy ila bebest (1936), Tevfik Fikret, ideolojisi ve fe/sefesi (1946), and her autobiography, Roman gibi (1969). She died in Baku in September 1968. AnaBrit; ZUrcher

Sertel, Yrldiz Elbiz, fl. 1976, she received a doctorate in 1985 from the Universite de Paris VIII with a thesis entitled La crise economioue et /'immigration turque en France; les causes fondamentales de I'emigration turque. She was a sometime lecturer in social and economic history of the Middle East at her alma mater. Her writings include Economie extravertie et declin en Turquie (s.d.), its translation, TOrkiye'de d/§a aonu« ekonomi ve c;okO§ (1988), Nord-Sud; crise et immigration - Ie cas turc (1987), and Ardimdeki (1990). LC; THESAM,4 Sertoli Salis, Renzo, born 20 August 1905 at Varese, Italy, he gained a doctorate in law. He practised law and was a sometime lecturer in colonial law at the Unlverstta di Milano. His writings include L'amministrazione locale nelle colonie libiche (1933), /I conflitto italo-etiopico e la soctete delle nazioni (1936), Storia e politica coloniale italian a, 1869-1935 (1936), Le isole italiane dell'Egitto dall'occupazione alia sovrenite (1939), Italia, Europa, Arabia (1940), Imperi e colonizzazioni (1942), and Solimano if magnifico (1945). Chi e, 1948, 1957, 1961; Chi scrive; Vaccaro; Who Italy, 1958

Servan, Paul Gaspard Albert, born 19th cent., he was an admiral whose writings include Notice sur Ie projet de canal maritime de i'oceen a la Mediterranee (Paris, 1889). BN Servan de Sugny, Jean Pierre Marie Edouard, born in 1799 at Simandres, a village in Dauphine, he was educated at the College de Lyon. Before studying law at Paris, he privately studied foreign languages at home. In 1827 he was appointed juge-auditeur at Gex (Ain), and later at Saint-Etienne, where he launched out into society with his poetry collection, Les Tribulations d'un juge auditeur, a work which won him wide acclaim. After posts at Roanne and Montbrison, he became in 1833 procureur du roi at Gex. In 1847 he left the legal profession to devote himself entirely to writing poetry. It was then that he wrote La Muse ottomane (1853). His writings include Satires contemporaines et melanges (1832), a work which contains a notice on his life and works. He left an unfinished work entitled Genie poetique de I'Orient. He died 4 February 1859. Revue de I'Orient, de 1'Algerie et des colonies n.s., 11 (janvier 1860), pp. 241-245

Servier, Jean, fl. 1952, his writings include Dans I'Aures sur les pas des rebelles (1955), Adieu djebe/s (1958), Demain a I'Algerie (1959), Tradition et civilisation beroeres (1985), and L'ethnologie (1986). LC Servier, Jean Henri, born 2 November 1918 at Constantine, Algeria, he was affiliated with the C.N.R.S. from 1949 to 1956, when he was appointed a professor of sociology and ethnology at the Universite de Montpellier. EncO&P; Unesco $esan, Milan, fl. 1953, his writings include Periodizarea in istoria bisericeasca universa/a (1939). $e$en, Ramazan, born 12 October 1937 at Denizli-Tavas, Turkey, he received a doctorate in letters in 1969 from Istanbul Oniversitesi, and became a lecturer in 1979. In 1989 he was appointed a professor at Mimar Sinan Oniversitesi. He was a sometime head of of Department of Manuscripts at the Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture (IRCICA), Istanbul. His writings include catalogues of Islamic manuscripts in Turkish libraries. Kim kimdir, 1997/98-2000; LC; Note

Sesiano, Jacques, born 12 March 1944, his writings include Books IV to VII of Diophantus' Arithmetica in the Arabic (1982), a work which was originally presented as his doctoral thesis in 1975 at Brown University, Providence, R.1. LC; Selim3

Sesmat, Augustin, fl. 1938, he received a doctorate in 1936 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Le systeme absolu classique et les mouvements reels; etude historique et critique. His writings include L'ancienne astronomie d'Eudoxe a Descartes (1937). NUC, pre-1956 Sessions, Frederick, born 19th cent., his writings include Folk-lore topics (1894), Isaiah, the poet, prophet and reformer (1900), and Literary celebrities of the English Lake-District (1905). NUC, pre-1956 Sestini, Domenico, born about 1750 at Firenze, he studied archaeology, and in 1775 became a librarian, keeper, and cataloguer of the rich collection of antiquities of Principe di Biscari in Catania. Three years later he went to Constantinople as a tutor to the children of Conte Ludolfi, ambassador of Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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the King of Napoli. He travelled with his pupils throughout the Ottoman Empire, and later became a friend of the English ambassador, Robert Ainslie, for whom he brought together an important collection of coins and medals. After he left the East, he spent some time at Berlin and Paris, before he became a librarian and antiquary to the grand duchess of Toscana. Recognized as an outstanding scholar, he subsequently organized antiquarian collections in Hungary, Bavaria, and Denmark. He was a sometime professor at the Unlversita di Pisa. His writings include Viaggio da Constantinopoli a Bassora (1786), Voyage dans la Grece asiatique (1789), Viaggio da Constantinopoli a Bukoresti, fatto I'anno 1779 (1794), Voyage de Constantinople a Bassorah en 1781 et retour en 1782 (1798), Le guide du voyageur en Egypte (1803), and Viaggio in Valachia e Moldavia (1845). He died in 1832. Encltaliana; GDU; IndBI (7); RNL

Setarov, Dzhevat Sadykovich, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1971 at Alma-Ata with a thesis entitled TJOpKu3Mbi e pyCCKUX Ha3eaHURX >KUeOmHOao Mupa. His writings include HOMuHau,uR, nomueeuun u emuuonoeun cnoee (1984). LC; OSK Sethe, Kurt Heinrich, born 30 June 1869 at Berlin, he became a professor of Egyptology successively at Gottinqen and Berlin. He was a prolific writer and one of the great Egyptian philologist of the twentieth century. He died in Berlin on 6 July 1934. Dawson; Egyptology; KOrschner,1925-1931; Werist's, 1909-28 Sethian, Robert Dasho, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1946 from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, with a thesis entitled The Syrian National Party. ZKO Sethom, Hafedh, fl. 1980, his writings include Les fellahs de la presque'Tle du Cap Bon, Tunisie (1977), and he was joint author of La vieille ghaba de la Tunisie du nord-est (1968). LC Seton, Grace (Gallatin) Thompson, born in 1872, she was a pioneer of women's rights, a lecturer, explorer, and in 1910 one of the founders of Girl Pioneers which became Girl Camp Fire. Her writings include A woman tenderfoot in Egypt (1923), and "Yes, Lady saheb" a woman's adventurnings with mysterious India (1925). She died in Palm Beach, Fla., 19 March 1959. DAB, S 6; Master (5); NatCAB, vol. 47, pp. 80-81; WhAm,3; WhoAmW, 1958/59; Who was who, 5; Woman's who's who in America, 1914/15

Seton-Watson, Robert William, born in 1879 at Ayton, Scotland, he was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford, to which the universities of Berlin, Paris, and Wien were added from 1903 to 1906. An expert on central Europe and the Balkans, he became a professor at London, 1922-45, and at Oxford from 1945 to 1949. His writings, partly under the pseudonym Scotus Viator, include The Balkans, Italy and the Adriatic (1915), The emancipation of South-eastern Europe (1923), and Disraeli, Gladstone and the Eastern question (1935). He died on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, in 1951. DNB; EncAm; Master (2); NewC; ObitT, 1951, pp. 637-638; WhE&EA; Who was who, 5

Seton-Williams, Marjory Veronica, born 20 April 1910 at Melbourne, her writings include Britain and the Arab states (1948), Egyptian legends and stories (1988), and A short history of Egypt (1989). Egyptology

Setton, Kenneth Meyer, born 17 June 1914 at New Bedford, Mass., he graduated from Boston University in 1936 and received a Ph.D. in 1941 from Columbia University for Christian attitude towards the emperor in the fourteenth century. He taught classics at his alma mater and served as a professor of history as well as in other capacities at the University of Manitoba, University of Pennsylvania, Bryn Mawr College, and Columbia. He was a professor emeritus of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. His writings include The Papacy and the Levant (1976-78), Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the seventeenth century (1991), and he edited A history of the crusades (1955). He died ca. 1995. ConAu 9-12, new rev. 3,18,39; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; Master (2); WhoAm, 1974-19951; WhoWor, 1980-19951

Seumois, Andre V., O.M.I., born 20th cent., his writings include Introduction a la missiologie (1952), La papaute et les missions au cours des six premiers siedes (1953), Apostolat, structure theologique (1961), and Theologie missionaire (1973). LC Seurat, Michel, born in 1947, he went in 1973 on a studentship to the Institut francais d'etudes arabes de Damas, and received a doctorate in 1977 from the Universite de Paris V with a thesis entitled Sati a/-Husri ou la nation arabe objective. He was a sometime research fellow in the C.N.R.S., and successively became a member and secretary general of the Centre d'etudes et de la recherche sur Ie Moyen-Orient contemporain at Beirut. He was accused of espionage and held hostage in Syria. His death was announced March 1986, but he was killed some months earlier. He was joint author of Etat et secteur public industriel en Syrie (1979). Index Islamicus (2); LC; ROMM 40 (1985), p. 173; THESAM,3 Sevcenko, (Shevchenko), Ihor (Igor'), born 10 February 1922 at Radosc, Poland, he received doctorates at Praha and Louvain, and spent nearly all his academic career at Harvard University, teaching Byzantine history and literature. His writings include Nicolas Cabasilas' "anti-Zealot" dis-

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367 course (1957), but a great deal appeared in Dumbarton Oaks papers.

OrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H;

WhoAm, 1974-1988/89,2001; WhoWor, 1978/79-1982/83

Sever, Shmuel, born 16 January 1933 at Galati, Romania, he was educated at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and received a Ph.D. in 1975 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled Library development in Israel. He was a librarian in Israel, and since 1969 a chief librarian and a professor of library science. Wholsrael, 1985/86-1999; WhoWor, 1974-1991/92 Severova, Marianna Borisovna, born 1 March 1927 at Leningrad, she graduated in 1951 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and since 1956 was attached to the Hermitage Museum. Her writings include HYMucMamulfecKafi numepamypa s Poccuu XVIII eeKa (1982). Miliband2 Severtsev, Sergei Leonidovich, born 20th cent., his writings include Tpu coxpoeuiue; eocmosnue neeenou u CKa3KU (1965), Cnenue eposou; u36paHHble nepeeOabl (1981), CKa3aHufi 0 Myapblx, eepnux u 6eccmpawHblx (1988); he edited Monnuu U nomocu; uHouiJblKafi nupuya XX eese (1988); and he translated Benukoe opeeo; n03Mbl Bocmose (1984), and KonecHuu,a conuue; eoceu» mempaaeiJ uHauiJcKoiJ xneccuueceot: nupuxu (1991). LC Severtsov, Nikolai Alekseevich, born in 1827, he was a zoologist and an explorer of the Tien Shan Mountains. Seriously wounded in skirmishes in 1858, he continued his explorations in 1864, 1874, and 1877, including the newly annexed Ferghana region and the Pamirs. His writings include Mecnu nneue y KOKeHu,ee (1860), ttymeuiecmeln no TypKecmaHcKoMy KpaJO U uscneooeenie eopnoii cmpenu TflHbWaHfI (1873), and Erforschung des Thian-Schan-Gebirgssystems, 1867 (1875). He died in 1885. Embacher; EST; GSE; KazakSE; KyrgyzSE; UzbekSE

Sevian, Vahe J., fl. 1951, he was and inspector general of irrigation, Baghdad.

Note

Sevig, Vedat Rasit, born 20th cent., he gained a doctorate, and in 1958 was a lecturer in international private law at the Faculty of Law in Istanbul Oniversitesi. His writings include Ticari sahadaki kanunlar ihtilafl (1957), and Turkiye'nin yebenctier hukuku (1981). LC Sevilla Andres, Diego, born 15 June 1911 at Valencia, he studied law at Valencia and the Universite de Louvain, and gained a doctorate at Madrid, specializing in the law of politics and labour. He was a professor of law at Valencia, and concurrently a director of the Escuela Social de Valencia. His writings include Africa en la polftica espanola del siglo XIX (1960), EI constitucionalfsmo norteafricano (1967), and Historia polftica de Espana, 1800-1967 (1968). He was honoured by Estudios en homaje al profesor Diego Sevilla Andres (1984). OBEC; IndiceE3 (3); WhoSpain, 1963 Sevin-Desplaces, Louis, born 28 July 1847 at Saint-Louis, Senegal, he was educated at the military college at La Fleche but later preferred to pursue an interest in arts and science. After the FrancoPrussian war he entered the Minlstere de I'lnstruction Publique and served for seventeen years as a librarian at the Louvre. Thereafter he became director of the Asile des Convalescents at Vincennes, a post which he held until he acceded to provisional retirement on 1 April 1898. He was a sometime editor-in-chief of la Geographie, and was awarded Chevallier de la Legion d'honneur on 28 July 1871. His writings include Afrique et Africains (1892). Curinier, vol. 3 (1901), p. 269 Sevortian, Ervand Vladimirovich, born in 1901 at Yalta, he gained a doctorate in 1957 at Moscow with a thesis entitled Acf)(puKcanbHoe eneeonootioesoeenue e a3ep6aOa>KaHCKOM numepamypHoM fl3blKe. From 1936 to his death on 23 March 1978 he was affiliated with the Philological Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include oonemuxe eupeuroeo numeoemypnoeo fl3blKa (1955), and 3mUMonoaulfecKuiJ cnoeeps mioocsux nsuroe (1974-1980). AzarbSE, vol. 8, pp. 322-23; KyrgyzSE, vol. 5, p. 273; Miliband; Millband"

Sewell, Robert, born in 1845, he was educated at Radley College, and from 1868 to 1894 was a member of the Madras Civil Service. He was a sometime judge and then collector of Bellary. His writings include The analytical history of India from the earliest times to the abolition of the Honourable East India Company in 1858 (1870), List of inscriptions, and sketch of the dynasties of southern India (1884), and The historical inscriptions of southern India (1932). He died in 1925. Buckland; NUC, pre-1956 Seybold, Christian Friedrich, born 6 January 1859 at Waiblingen, Germany, he studied theology and Oriental languages at TObingen, where he gained a doctorate in 1883. From 1886 to 1891 he lived in Petropolis and Lisboa, and subsequently was private secretary to the Brazilian Emperor Pedro II and acted as a tutor in Hebrew, Greek, Arabic, and Sanskrit. In 1892 he was appointed a professor of Oriental languages at TObingen. His writings include Verzeichnis der arabischen Handschriften der koniglichen Bibliothek TObingen (1904), and he edited Ibn al-Anbari's Asrar al-'Arabryah (1886), and Majd ai-Din Ibn al-Athir's Kunja Worterbuch betitelt Kitab al muresse' (1896). He died in TObingen 27 January 1921. DtBE; FOck, p. 245; Index Islamicus (1); Islam 12 (1922), pp. 202-206 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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von Seydlitz, Nicolai Carl (Karl) Samuel, 1831-1907

see

Seidlitz, Nicolai Carl (Karl) Samuel von

Seyfeddin, Omer, 1884-1920 see Omer Seyfeddin Seymour, C. L., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Hull with a thesis entitled British naval policy in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1868-1889. Sluglett Seymour, lan, born 10 July 1933, his writings include OPEC, instrument of change (1980), a work which was published in an Arabic translation in 1983. LC Seyrig, Henri Arnold, born 10 November 1895 at Hericourt (Haute-Saone), he studied at Paris, and from 1922 to 1929 he was a member of l'I~cole francaise d'Athenes. From 1929 to 1941 he was director of the Service des antiquites for Syria and the Lebanon. He also served as a director of the French archaeological institutes in Istanbul and Beirut as well as director of Musees de France. His writings include Antiquites syriennes (1934-38), and Notes on Syrian coins (1950). He died 21 January 1973. WhAm, 6; WhoFr, 1959/60-1971/72; WhoWor, 1974/75 Sezgin, M. Fuat, born 24 October 1924 at Constantinople, he studied Arabic, Persian, and mathematics at Istanbul where he received a doctorate in 1951 with a thesis on majaz al-Qur'an of AbO 'Ubaydah. He was a sometime student of Hellmut Ritter, a professor at Istanbul until 1960, and from 1961 to 1990 successively a professor at Marburg and Frankfurt am Main. He was an Arabic scholar and bibliographer who threw new light on the problem of the hadlth. He entirely refrained from commenting on the actual contents of the traditions, but directed his attention first to the registration in writing and subsequently to the evidence for the historicity of lsneds. He presented a revision of Goldziher's chronology of the registration; and contended that writing was much more commonly practised in the earliest days than Goldziher had given to understand. He offered a great deal of evidence from Muslim sources, findings which are embodied in his Bub.arT'nin kaynaklan hakklnda ara§tlrmalar (Istanbul, 1956). He also more or less rejected Schacht's theories concerning isnads and claimed to have found a method for unearthening the sources to which collections of traditions and other compilations went back. Between 1967 and 2000 he published Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums in twelve volumes. In 1982, he became the founder and first honorary director of the Institut fur Arabisch-Islamische Wissenschaften, Frankfurt a.M., and concurrently a professor of history of science at the Universitat Frankfurt. Under his leadership, the institute developed to be a unique research centre, certainly in Germany, publishing not only its own Zeitschrift fOr Geschichte der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften, but also. select facsimile editions of Arabic manuscripts with English as well as German introductions. In a reprint series the dispersed periodical publications of older scholars from all nations are conveniently brought together. Suffice it to mention Eilhard Wiedemann. The most original part of the Institute is its museum with exhibits, models, and replicas from the fields of astronomy, medicine, musical instruments, and physics. His lasting legacy is the collective achievement of the twenty-one volume Bibliographie der deutschsprachigen Arabistik und Islamkunde von den Anfangen bis 1986 (1990-1995); he also wrote the five-volume Wissenschaft und Technik im Islam (2003). He was a recipient of the King Faysal Prize for Islamic Studies, 1978, the Goethe medal of the city of Frankfurt am Main, 1979, and the German Bundesverdienstkreuz, 1982; he also was a member of four Arab academies. But above all he was the most warm-hearted and faithful of colleagues and friends. KOrschner,1992-2003; Private; rOrkiye bibliyografyasl, 1949, 1957 Sezgin, Ursula, born 20th cent., she received a Dr.phil. in 1968 from the Universitat Giel1en with a thesis entitled Abu Mihnaf,' ein Beitrag zur Historiographie der umaiyadischen Zeit. Schwarz Sfameni Gasparro, Giulia, fl. 1974 at Messina, she was affiliated with Institutum Patristicum "Augustinianum," Roma. Her writings include Gnostica et hermetica (1982), Enkrateia e antropologia (1984), Origene; studi di antropologia e di storia della tradizione (1984), Soteriology and mystic aspects in the cult of Cybele and Attis (1985), Misteri e culti mistici de Demetra (1986), Origene e la tradizione origeniana in Occidente (1998), and Agostino; tra etica e religione (1999). LC Sfeir, George N., born in 1922 in the Middle East, he was a doctoral candidate at the University of Chicago in 1956. In 1966 he was assistant manager and counsel of the N.Y.C. Branch of the Intra Bank, and in 1991, an international legal consultant resident in Cupertino, Calif. He was a sometime member of the Economic Commission for West Asia at the U.N.O. Note; WhoUN,1975 Sfer (Sufayr), Antoun, fl. 1947, he was a sometime conseiller d'etat at Heliopolis, Egypt, and, in 1952, a member of the Societe Fouad ler d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. His writings include Teshri' al-hadith, 1936-1940 (1940-41), and Mudawwanat al-tashrtat al-istithna'iyah (1944-46). Note; NUC, pre-1956

Sfia, Mohamed Saleh, born 20th cent., he was in 1967 a candidate for a doctorat de troisieme cycle with a thesis on the rise of socialism in the Muslim countries. Note Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Sforza, Ascanio Michele, born 24 June 1877 at Piacenza, he was a mineralogical engineer whose writings include Organizzazione indigene della Tripolitania occidentale (1914). cm« 1936, 1940; Firenze Sforza, Carlo, conte, born 25 September 1872 at Montignosa di Lunigiana, he was educated at the Universita di Pisa and became a member of the Italian senate and a sometime minister of foreign affairs. Before entering the senate, he was Italian ambassador to China and France and, after the 1918 armistice, high commissioner to Turkey. As a leader of the democratic opposition against Mussolini, he went into voluntary exile from 1928 to 1940. His writings include Un anno di politica estera (1921), and t/eme italienne (1934). He died in 1952. Bioln 1, 2, 3; Chi e, 1928, 1931, 1948; CurBio. 1942, pp. 755-757; IndBI (5); Note; ObitT, 1951-60, pp. 638-39; WhE&EA; Who was who, 5

Sforza, Giovanni, conte, born 3 July 1846 at Montignoso, Italy, he was a historian and the founder and first director of the Archivio di Stato di Massa, and since 1903 head of the Piemontese archives. His writings include Dante e i Pisani (1873), and Cronache di Massa di Lunigiana (1882). He died in 1922. IndBI (6); NUC, pre-1956

Shaabdurakhmanov, Shanazar Sh., 1923- see Shoabdurahmonov, Shonazar Sh. Shaari, Yehuda, born 8 February 1920 at Siret, Rumania, he was an Israeli member of parliament for the Liberal Party. IntYB, 1998; Wholsrael, 1958-1985/86; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978 Shaath, Nabeel Ali, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1965 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled Education, high level manpower, and the economic development of the United Arab Republic. In 1975 he was director of the P.L.O. Centre for Palestinian Planning, a member of the National Council, and considered close to Yasir Arafat. Note; 5elim Shabanov, Farukh Shabanovich, born in 1906 at Tbilisi, he graduated in 1927 from the Oriental Faculty, Baku, and gained a doctorate in 1968 at Moscow for rocyaapcmeeHHb/D cmpoD u npeeoees cucmeue Typu,uu e neouoo tnensuneme. He was a university teacher from 1930 to 1958. His writings include Peseumue coeemcsoa eocyoepcmeennocmu e A3ep6aDa>KaHe (1959). Miliband; Miliband2 Shabaz, Absalom D., born 15 July 1874 at the Nestorian village of Geogtapha, near Urmia, he was educated at the Presbyterian Urmia College where, after graduation, he became a teacher. Since 1893 he was a missionary in Persia. In the late nineteenth century he travelled overland to England where he spent three years learning English. His writings include Mohammed, the last prophet (Chicago, 1900), Land of the lion and the sun; personal experiences, the nations of Persia, their manners, customs and their beliefs (Milwaukee, Wisc., 1901), Memorial verses (Milwaukee, Wisc., 1933). Note

Shabbas, Audrey, born 20th cent., she was affiliated with the Association of Arab-American University Graduates in the United States. Her writings include Resource guide to materials on the Arab world (1987), she was joint author of The Arab boycott of Israel (1976), and she was joint editor of The Arab world; a handbook for teachers (1978). Note Shack, A. v., 1914- see Schack, Alard von Shack, William Alfred, born 19 April 1923 at Chicago, he was educated at the University of Chicago and received a Ph.D. in 1961 from L.S.E. He was an anthropologist who served as a professor at Addis Abeba from 1962 to 1965. From 1970. to 1991 he was a professor of anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. His writings include The Central Ethiopians (1974), and The Kula (1985), and he was joint author of Gods and heroes (1974). AmM&W5, 19735,19785; ConAu 113; Master (2); Unesco; WhoAm, 1986-1988/89, 1994, 1995

Shackle, Christopher, born 4 March 1942, he received a B.Litt. in 1966 from Oxford for Some problems of Islamic sociology in South Asia. He joined SOAS in 1966 and became a professor of modern South Asian languages. His writings include The Siraiki language of Central Pakistan (1976), An introduction to the sacred language of the Sikhs (1983), The Sikhs (1985), Hali's Musaddas; the flow and ebb of Islam (1997), and he was joint author of Ismaili hymns from South Asia (1992). Who, 1992-2004 Shadman, Seyed Fakhrod-Din, born in 1908, he was educated in Persia and received a Ph.D. in 1939 from LSE with a thesis entitled The relations of Britain and Persia, 1800-1815. In 1943 he was an assistant Iranian delegate to the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. He died in 1971. DcOrL, vol. 3; 51uglett Shafa, Shuja ai-Din, born in 1920 at Tehran, he studied Persian literature at Tehran, and was awarded honorary doctorates by the universities of Roma and Moskva. He held prominent governmental and cultural positions under the last shah of Iran. BioB134; Iran~, 1976; WhoWor, 1976/7-1978/9 Shafag (Shafaq), Sadiq Rizazadah, 1892 or 3-1971 see Rizazadah Shafaq, Sadiq Shafei, H. M. see Shafi'i, Husayn MahmOdal-, 1918Shafer, Robert Lloyd, born 28 November 1924 at Joliet, Illinois, he graduated from the University of Michigan with the class of 1947 and received a Ph.D. in 1960 with a thesis entitled The concept of Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

370 culture in the works of Matthew Arnold. Since 1959 he was a professor of English as well as Buddhist studies at Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo. Directory of American scholars, 1969, v. 4,1974 P, 1978 P, 1982 P

Shaffer, N. Manfred, born 10 October 1927 at Somerville, Mass., he received a Ph.D. in 1963 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The competitive position of the port of Durban. Throughout the 1960s he was a lecturer at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and Columbia. He was joint author of Population of Kenya (1966). Master (1); Unesco Shafi, Sir Muhammad, born 10 March 1869 in India, he studied law in England, and was admitted to the bar from Middle Temple in 1892. He entered politics in 1907 as a member of a delegation of the Muslim Committee to Lord Minto.. He subsequently held a high place in the councils of the Indian Muslim community. There was no important political or educational conference of his community over which he was not elected to preside. It was in the Supreme Legislative Council that it fell to his lot to move in 1915 the resolution which ultimately opened the doors of the Imperial Conference to Indians. He was progressive in politics; and even while wearing official robes, he lost no opportunity of promoting national interests. He was a delegate to the 1930 Round Table Conference in London and played in it a worthy part by his ability and conciliatory attitude. A landmark in his life was his appointment as member of the Viceroy's Executive Council, where he served for the full period of five years. He died 7 January 1932. Correspondance d'Orient 24 (fevrier 1932), pp. 68-69; Eminent; Muslim world, 1932; Who was who, 3

Shafi', Muhammad, born 6 August 1883 at Kasur near Lahore, he obtained M.A. degrees in English and Arabic consecutively. He served with the Punjab Educational Department from 1906 to 1915, when he was awarded a Government of India research scholarship to go to Cambridge. He was a student of E. G. Browne, A. A. Bevan, R. A. Nicholson, and Norman McLean. During his stay he taught Urdu at Cambridge. On his return to Lahore in 1919, he became professor of Arabic at the Panjab University, a post which he held until his retirement in 1942. From 1936 to 1942 he was also principal of the Oriental College of Lahore. In 1925 he founded the Oriental College magazine, whose editor he was until 1942. He died on 14 March 1963. MW 53 (1963), p. 344 al-Shafi'i, (EI Shafei), 'Abd al-Mun'im Nasir, born 30 January 1904 in Egypt, he studied economics and mathematics at Birmingham, and gained a doctorate. He was a lecturer at the Faculty of Commerce, Cairo University, and held portfolios in several Egyptian Governments. He was a chairman of the Egyptian Statistical Association, and a member of the Central Statistical Committee of Egypt. His writings include Bald mashakil al-Iamal fi Misr(1939), and Mabadi' al-ihsa' (1939). Unesco al-Shafi'i (Shafei), Husayn Mahmud, born in 1918 in Egypt, he obtained a military education and pursued a military career from 1938 to 1954. He was a minister of various portfolios as well as a vicepresident of Egypt. Goldschmidt; WhoArab, 1986/87- 1997/98 Shafiq, Ahmad, 1860-1940 see Ahmad Shafiq Shagal', Vladimir Eduardovich, born 22 November 1925 at Moscow, he graduated in 1951 from the military institute for foreign languages, Moscow, and received his first degree with a thesis entitled CmpYKmYPHo-ceMaHmu,-/ecKafi xepeemepucmuxe cy6cmaHmu8Hbix cnoeoco-temsnua 8 apa6cKoM numepemyouon fl3blKe. He was a lecturer since 1961 and received a doctorate in 1989. His writings include fl3blK080U ecnesm Hau,UOHanbHbIX npoueccoe 8 apa6CKUX cmpenex (1987), he was joint author of C08peMeHHafi flU8UfI (1965), joint compiler of PaccKa3bl apa6cKux nucemeneti (1955), and C08peMeHHafi apa6cKafi noeenne (1963), and he edited C08peMeHHafi an)f(UpCKafi n033UfI (1990). Miliband 2

EI Shagi, EI Shagi, born in 1941, he studied agronomy at the Universltat Hohenheim, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1968 with a thesis entitled Forderung der Landwirtschaft unterentwickelter Lander durch genossenschaftliche Agrarproduktion, and a Dr.habil. in 1980 for Neuordnung der Bodennutzung in Agypten. In 1980 he was appointed a lecturer in economics at Bochum.. LC; Note Shaginian (Shaginyan), Marietta Sergeevna, born in 1888 at Moscow, she was a highly decorated Soviet writer. She died in Moscow in 1982. Cassell's encyclopaedia of wolrd literature; Columbia dictionary of

modern European literature; Contemporary authors, 106, 129; Great Soviet encyclopedia; Handbook of Russian literature, ed. Victor Terras (1985); KazakSE, vol. 12, p. 160

Shah, Ikbal Ali, M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., he was a native of Afghanistan, who studied at Edinburgh, and became a journalist whose articles, chiefly on the Near and Middle East, appeared in British and American periodicals. His writings include Afghanistan of the Afghans (1928), Westward to Mecca (1928), Eastward to Persia (1931), The Golden East (1931), Alone in the Arabian nights (1933), Islamic

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371 Sufism (1933), Kemal, the maker of modern Turkey (1934), Controlling the minds of Asia (1937), and Modern Afghanistan (1939). Note

Shahabuddin, Khwaja, fl. 20th cent., he was in 1948 a minister of the Interior in Pakistan, and in 1968, H. Q. A., minister of Information and Broadcasting. Note Shaham, David, born 27 January 1923 in Poland, he was educated at Tel-Aviv University. Since 1981 he was director of the International Center for Peace in the Middle East. His writings include vtsre'e! 40 ha-shanim (1991). Wholsrael, 1969/70-1999; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978, 1987 Shahani, Dayaram Gidumal, 1857-1927 see Gidumal, Dayaram Shaheen, Jack George, born 21 September 1935 at Pittsburgh, Pa., he was a graduate of Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, and received a Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of Missouri with a thesis entitled The Richard Boone Show. After some years of teaching at the University of California as well as Southern Illinois University, he served as a Fulbright professor at A.U.B. from 1974 to 1975, and at the University of Jordan from 1981 to 1982. He later was a radio and televison reporter and critic as well as a lecturer and public speaker on communications. His writings include The TV Arab (1984), and he edited Nuclear war films (1978). ConAu 124; Private Shaheen, Mohammed, born 20th cent., he was a sometime research student at King's College, Cambridge, and was in 1981 an assistant professor of English in the University of Jordan. He was a long-time devotee of Ezra Pound's work. His writings include The modern Arabic short story (1989), and Tahawwulat al-shawq fi Mawsim al-hijrah iltJal-Shamal (1993). LC; Note AI-Shahi, Ahmad, born about 1935, he received a B.Litt. in 1955 at Oxford with a thesis entitled The Shaiqiya of the northern Sudan, and also a D.Phil. in 1970 for An anthropological study of a Sudanese Shaiqiya village. In 1993 he was a lecturer in social anthropology at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. His writings include La Republique du Soudan (1979), Themes from the northern Sudan (1986); he was joint author of Wisdom from the Nile; a collection of folk-stories (1978); and he was joint editor of Islam in the modern world (1983). DrBSMES,1993; Sluglett Shahin, T. A. see Ibrahimov, Tagi Abulkasim ogly Shai, Donna, born early 20th cent., she was in 1995 a professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Villanova University, Pennsylvania. Her writings include Neighborhood relations in an immigrant quarter; a social-anthropological study (1970). NatFacDr, 1995 AI-Shaikhly, Falih Abdul Karim, fl. 1965, he received a Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, with a thesis entitled Education and development in Iraq, with special emphasis on higher education. Selim, 1983 Shair, Issa Musa, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of Kentucky with a thesis entitled Spatial patterns of Muslim pilgrim circulation. Selim, 1983 Shaked, Haim, born 29 September 1939 at Tel Aviv, he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from SOAS with a thesis entitled An historical study of Isma'il b 'Abd aI-Qadir, Kitab Sa'adat al-mustahdi bi-sirat aI-Imam al-Mahdi, and served for many years as a professor of modern Middle Eastern and African history in Israel as well as a visiting professor in North America. His writings include The life of the Sudanese Mahdi; a historical study (1978), and he jointly edited Arab relations in the Middle East; the road to realignment (1979), and The Middle East and the United States; perceptions and policies (1980). ConAu 130; NatFacDr,1995; Sluglett; Wholsrael, 1978-1985/86

Shaked, Shaul, born 8 February 1933 at Debrecen, Hungary, he was educated at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and SOAS, where he received a Ph.D. in 1964 for The Pahlavi andarz literature. Since 1965 he was affiliated with the Hebrew University, where he was successively chairman of a variety of departments. He edited Irano-Judaica; studies relating to Jewish contacts with Persian culture throughout the ages (1982-90). BioB134; IntWW, 1989-2001; Schoeberlein; Wholsrael,1978-1985 Shakeri, Khosrow, 1938- see Chaqueri, Cosroe Shakespear, John, born in August 1774, he was educated at a parish school and privately. He studied Arabic at London with a view to an appointment in North Africa, but joined the Commissariat, 1792-96. He was appointed in 1805 a professor of Oriental languages at the Royal Military College, and from 1807 to 1830 he served as a professor of Hindustani at the East India Company's college, Addiscombe. His writings include A grammar of the Hindustani language (1813), The history of the Mahometan empire in Spain (1816), Dictionary, Hindustani and English (1817), and Muntakhabat-iHindi; or, Selections in Hindustani (1825). He died in 1858. Buckland; DNB Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Shakespear, John, born 1 September 1861, he was educated at Wellington College, and the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. He served in the Army since 1881 and advanced to the rank of major. He became an intelligence officer and participated in the Lushai and Chin-Lushai expeditions, 1888-89. He later was superintendent, South Lushai Hills, and deputy commissioner, Assam. His writings include The Lushei Kuki clans (1912), and Historical records of the 18th Service Battalion Northumberland FusiJiers (1920). He died in 1942. Buckland; Mason; Riddick; Who, 1903-1936; Who was who, 4 Shakespear, Sir Richmond Campbell, born in 1812, he went to school in England, studied at the East India Company's college, Addiscombe, and went to India in the Bengal Artillery, 1829. Except a year spent in the revenue department at Gorakhpur, he was a military man who also accomplished political missions. He induced the khan of Khiva to make a treaty with the Russians, 1840. He later participated in campaigns in Afghanistan and India. He died of bronchitis in Indur in 1861. Boase; Britlnd (3); Buckland; DNB; Riddick

Shakespear, William Henry Irvine, captain, born in 1878, he was one of the most important explorers of eastern and central Arabia when this area was still little known. He combined talents as a linguist, horseman, sailor, explorer, negotiator and all-round man of action. Having transferred from the Bengal Lancers to the Political Department and been posted as consul to Bandar Abbas and Muscat, he became Political Agent in Kuwait from 1909 to 1914. He was able to make six Arabian journeys; the last, in 1914, was a journey on which he long set his heart, to cross Arabia from Kuwait by way of Riyadh, Buraydah, and Jawf, to Sinai. His photographs with a plate camera are probably the bestknown early images of Kuwait. He died in 1914. H. V. F. Winstone wrote the biography, Captain Shakespear (1976). Bidwell, p. 159; Facey Grant; Geographica/jouma/142 (1976), pp. 512-513 Shakhbazian, Grigorii Sergeevich, born 14 July 1931 in Russia, he graduated in 1953 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1970 for TocyaapcmaeHHou «enumenusa a t1paKcou pecnytinu«. Since 1959 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include Focybepcmeennuc cekmoo a 3KOHOMUKe t1paKa (1974). Miliband2 Shakhmatov, Aleksei Aleksandrovich, born in 1860 or 1864, he was a leading linguist of his time and a professor of philology at St. Petersburg. His writings include Pa3blcKaHibi 0 opeenetuunx» nemonucuux» cnoeeps (1908). He died in 1920. HanRL; NUC, pre-1956 Shakhtakhtinskii, Mamed (Mekhmed/Mokhammed) Sultanovich, 19th cent., he was a contemporary of Akhundzadah. BiobibSOT, p. 291 Shaki, Mansour, born in 1919, he received a B.Sc. in physics from the University of Birmingham in 1942, and a doctorate in 1950 at Praha. Since 1952 he exclusively pursued Persian studies, and received a doctorate in Persian linguistics in 1961 from the Czechoslovic Academy of Sciences. He subsequently served for twenty years as a research fellow at the Academy, before he became director of Persian studies at Universita Karlova, Praha. His writings include Modern! perska frazeologie a konverzace (Praha, 1963), A study of nominal compounds in Neo-Persian (Praha, 1964), and Principles of Persian bound phraseology (1967). He died in 2000. BioB134; Archivorienta/ni69 (2000), pp. 85-86 Shakiri, Khusraw, 1938- see Chaqueri, Cosroe Shalabaev, Bel'gibai, born 14 April 1911 in Kazakhstan, he received a doctorate in 1969, and was appointed a professor in the following year. His writings include Kesexcxe» numepamypa (1965), hcmoou« Ka3XKOU nposu (1968), and ncmoou« «esexceoeo ponene (1975). KazakSE, vol. 12, p. 170 Shaler, William, born in 1773 or 8 at Bridgeport, Conn., he was a sea captain who in 1815 negotiated a treaty between the United States Government and the Dey of Alger. He remained at Alger for twelve years, enjoying great prestige with both foreigners and natives. His writings include Sketches of Algiers (1826), and its translation, Esquisse de t'etet d'Alger (1830). He died in 1833. ACAB; DAB; Master (5); Shavit; WhAm, H

Shalinsky, Audrey Cheryl, born 5 August 1951, she was appointed in 1979 a professor of anthropology at Northern Illinois University, a post which she still held in 2000. Her writings include two booklets, Central Asian emigres in Afghanistan (1979), and Reason, desire, and sexuality; the meaning of gender in northern Afghanistan (1986). NatFacDr,1995-2000; Schoeberlein Shallalah, Yusuf, fl. 1947 see Chlala, Joseph Shamanov, Ibrahim Magometovich, born early 20th cent., he was joint author of OllepKu ucmopuu X03f1UCmaa u X0311UCmaeHHoao 6blma eopuee Ky6aHcKou osnecmu (1972), np06neMbi epxeonoeuu u smnoeoeibuu Kapallaeao-LfepKecuu (1982), and Caaae6Hafi 06pflaHocmb y nepoooe Kapallaeao-teprucuu (1988). LC; aSK

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Shamansurova, Azad Sharaforovna, born 18 November 1927 at Namagan, Uzbekistan, she graduated in 1950 from the Oriental Faculty in the Central Asian State University. From 1954 to her death on 15 December 1977 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Uzbek Academy of Science. Her writings include Haw coceo AC/JaaHucmaH (1962), AC/JaaHucmaH (1971), and she was joint author of Peuecno; MenKafi noouuumennoom; AC/JaaHucmaHa (1976). Miliband; Miliband 2 Shamekh, Ahmed A., fl. 1980, he received a Ph.D. in 1975 from the University of Kentucky with a thesis entitled Spatial patterns of Bedouin settlement in al-Qasim region, Saudi Arabia. Selim, 1983 Shamgar, Meir, born 13 August 1925 at Danzig, he was educated at Jerusalem and London. From 1983 to 1995 he was a president in the Supreme Court of Israel. He edited Military government in the territories administered by Israel, 1967-1980; the legal aspects (1982). Biography and genealogy master index (1); International who's who, 1989-2002; MidE, 1978/79.1982; Wholsrael, 1976-2001; WhoWor, 1974-2000; Who's who inworld Jewry, 1972, 1978, 1987 Shami, Jurj see Chamy, Georgio Shamil ($amil), Imam ($eyh Ali), 1797,8 or 9-1288/1871, he was a Caucasian nationalist leader. K. von Seeger wrote a biography, Imam Schamil, Prophet und Feldherr (1937). AnaBrit; AzarbSE, v. 10, p. 461; E12; EncBrit, 1964; GSE; Krachkovskii, pp. 190-192

Shamir, Chaim (Haim), born 30 August 1929 at Satu-Mare, Rumania, he studied at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, where he received a doctorate in 1970. He served as a lecturer in history as well as chief librarian, Tel Aviv University. His writings include Economic crisis and French foreign policy, 1930-1936 (1989). WhoWor, 1974/75 Shamir, Shimon (Simon), born 15 December 1933 at Satu-Mare, Rumania, he was educated at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, and received a Ph. D. in 1961 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled The 'Azm walis of Syria, 1724-1785. He was a professor of modern history of Egypt and the Middle East at Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, a director of the Israeli Academic Center in Cairo, 1982-84, and an ambassador of Israel to Egypt, 1988-90. His writings include several monographs in Hebrew, and he edited The U.S.S.R. and the Middle East (1973). International who's who, 1989-20011; International who's who inAsian studies, 1975/76; Private; Selim; Who's who inlsrae/, 1976-2001 Shamir, Yehuda, born in 1936, he wrote Rabbi Moses ha-Kohen of Tordesillas and his book "Ezer haemunen;" a chapter in the history of the Judeo-Christian controversy (1975), a work which was originally written as part of his doctoral dissertation for Dropsie University at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1970. LC Shams Pahlavi, Princess, born in 1917, she was the daughter of Riza Khan, and the sister of the last Shah of Iran. She died 29 February 1996 following heart surgery in California where she had lived since 1984. WRMEA 14 (April 1996), p. 126 Shamsutdinov, Abdulla Mardanovich, born in 1907 in Bashkiria, he gained a doctorate in 1964 at Moscow with a thesis entitled Hau,uoHanbHo-ocB060oumenbHafi 60pb6a mypeuuoeo Hapooa B 19181923 ee. His writings include Typeu,Kafi pecnytinuxs; «pemxut) oueo« ucmopuu (1962), and he edited Coepenenne» Typuu» (1958). Miliband; Miliband 2 Shamukhamedov (Shomuhamedov), Shaislam Makhmudovich, born 16 April 1921 at Tashkent, he received a doctorate in 1970 with a thesis entitled K np06neMe peseumun aYMaHucmuliecKoCi uoeu B meopuecmee KnaCCUKOB nepcuoceo-meoxuxcxot: n033UU. He was a Soviet official in science and education. His writings include ExcaH Ta6apu (1959), he was joint author of Bocmosoeeoenue; C60pHUK cmameCi (1974), he translated from the Persian of 'Umar Khayyam, Py6aCifim (1970), and he edited Apa6cKafi numepamypa; cpeoHeBeKoBbe U coepeuennocm» (1982). Miliband 2 Shanawany, Haifaa Abd el Salam, born 1930, he received a Ph.D. in 1967 from Cornell University with a thesis entitled Family planning; an equilibrium response to demographicconditions in the United Arab Republic. Selim Shangin, Mstislav Antoninovich, born 19th cent., he was an authority on classical literatures and investigated the influence of Arabic science on medieval Europe. His writings include Codicos Rossicos descripsit Mstislav Antonini f. Sangin (Bruxelles, 1936). He died in 1942. Krachkovskii, p. 226 Shaniiazov (Shonlezov), Karim Shaniiazovich, born in 1924 at Kashkadarya, Uzbekistan, he was an ethnographer and historian whose writings include Y36eKu-KapnyKu (1964), K 3mHulIKcKOCi ucmopuu y36eKcKoao Hapooa (1974), and he was joint author of 3mHoapaC/JuliecKue ollepKu uemepuemsnot: Kynbmypbl y36eKoB (1981). Schoeberlein; UzbekSE, vol. 13, p. 9 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Shanklin, William Mathias, born in 1896, he received a doctorate in 1929 from Yale University with a thesis entitled The central nervous system of "Chameleon vulgaris." His writings include Anthropology of the Middle East (1949). NUC, pre-1956 Shanneik, Ghazi Y. G., born 17 February 1942 at Jaffa, he first studied law at Ain Shams University, Cairo and Berlin from 1970 to 1973 and then changed subject and enrolled in sociology at the Universitat Bielefeld, 1973 to 1975. Three years later, he received a Dr.phil. from the Universitat Gottingen with a thesis entitled Die Entwicklung des agyptischen Militarregimes, 1952-1970. In 1978 he became a research fellow in Deutsches Orient-Institut, Hamburg. His writings include Das irakische Wirtschaftsrecht; EinfOhrung und Dokumentation (1979), and he edited Die Beziehungen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und den Arabischen Golfstaaten (1990). Note; Thesis Shapiro, Judah Joseph, born 12 June 1912 at N.Y.C., he graduated from City College of New York with the class of 1934, and received a D.Ed. in 1959 from Harvard with a thesis entitled A report on an experience in the field of educational reconstruction in Europe after World War II, 1948-54. He became a social work executive, consultant, and lecturer on community problems and development. His writings include The friendly society; a history of the Worker's Circle (1970). He died in N.Y.C. on 25 September 1980. AmM&WS, 1973 S; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978 Shapley, John, born 7 August 1890 in Jasper County, Mo., he was a graduate of the University of Missouri, reveived an M.A. from Princeton, and a Dr.phil. in 1914 from the Universitat Wien with a thesis entitled Die Mosaiken von Ravenna. He became a professor of fine art at a variety of American universities, served for twenty years as editor of the Art bulletin, and was a contributor to A. U. Pope's Survey of Persian art. He died in Washington, D.C., 8 September 1978. ConAu 81-84; WhoAmA,1966-78 Shapshal, Sergei Markovich (Serai szapsza"), born 8 May 1873 at Bakhchisarai, Crimea, he was a sometime tutor to Muhammad 'Ali Shah, and served as a dragoman and lecturer in Azeri. His writings include Pr6by literatury ludowej turk6w z Azerbajdzanu Perskiego (Krakow, 1935). He died in Wilna on 18 November 1961. BiobibSOT, pp. 288-289 Sharabi, Hisham Bashir, born in 1927 at Jaffa, educated at AUB, and University of Chicago, where he received an M.A. in 1948. After the partition of Palestine, he stayed on at Chicago and obtained a Ph.D. in 1953 for Toledo under Banu Dhu'I-Nun. Georgetown University became his post-doctoral home and, forty-three years later, he was still professor of political science at his alma mater. Since 1971 he was editor of the Journal of Palestine studies, since 1977, chairman of the Jerusalem Fund, and since 1990, chairman of the Center for Policy Analysis on Palestine. Apart from publications in Arabic, his English writings include A Handbook on the contemporary Middle East (1956), Nationalism and revolution in the Arab world (1966), Arab intellectuals and the West (1970), Neopatriarchy; a theory of distorted change in Arab society (1988), and he edited Theory, politics, and the Arab world (1990). Selim; WRMEA, 15 October 1996, pp. 10, 114 Sharafutdinova, Raiba Sh., born early 20th cent., she was an Arabist whose writings include WKonbHoe 06pa30BaHue B Y36eKcKou CCP 1917-1955 ee. (1961), and she was joint author of HOBoe ouuo; noeennu nucomeneii Tynuce (1974). OSK Sharbatov, Grigorii Shamilevich, born 13 October 1924 at Baku, he graduated in 1951 from the Military Institute of Foreign Languages, where he gained his first degree in 1955, and a doctorate in 1966. His writings include xecmouemu» no eeunemcxouy ouaneKmy (1954), Apa6ucmuKa B CCCP. 1917-1959 (1961), COBpeMeHHblu apa6cKuu R3blK (1961), coomnoiuenue apa6cKoao numepamypnoeo R3blKa u coepeuennux apa6cKux ouenesmoe (1966), he edited /!1paHo-Aeppa3uucKue R3blKOBble KOHmaKmbl (1987), and he was joint editor of Aeppa3uucKueR3blKU (1991). Miliband; Miliband2 Sharef, Zeev, 1906- see Sherf, Zeev Sharf, Andrew, born 2 December 19151 at Rostov on Don, he graduated from the University of London, where he also gained a doctorate in 1954. After a three-year lectureship at Liverpool, he became a lecturer in history, professor, and head of department, Bar-llan University, Israel. His writings include Byzantine Jewry from Justinian to the fourth crusade (1971). WhoWor, 1974/75 Sharif, Regina S., born in 1942, she was a historian teaching at Kuwait University, and affiliated with the Institute of Palestine Studies. Her writings include Non-Jewish Zionism; its roots in Western history (1983); and she edited United Nations resolutions on Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict (1977). LC Sharify, Nasser, born Nasir Sharifi 23 September 1925 at Tehran, he was educated at Tehran and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Columbia University, N.Y.C., with a thesis entitled A code for the cataloging of Persian publications. He was a librarian in Iran as well as in the United States; in 1995 he was a professor at the Department of Library Science, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N.Y. His writings Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

375 include Cataloging of Persian works (1959). BiDrLUS,1970; LEduc,1974; Master (5); NatFacDr,1995; WhoAm, 1974/75-1978/79; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79

Sharipov, Ural Ziiatudinovich, born 6 May 1937 at Leningrad, he graduated in 1961 from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent, and received his first degree in 1965 for 3KoHoMulfecKafi nonumuxe tipeesuuux xpveoe MpaHa B 1954-1962 ee. Since 1968 he was a research fellow at the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include 5lOo>Kem U 6100>Kemeafi cucmeue MpaHa (1976). Miliband2 Sharipova, Raisa Malikhovna, born 8 January 1940 at Sverdlovsk, Russia, she graduated in 1962 from the Central Asian State University, Tashkent, and received her first degree in 1972 at Moscow for Potu; ynueepcumeme anb-A3xap B 06~ecmBeHHo-nonumulfecKoi1 U uoeo-noeuuecxott >KU3HU OAP/APE Ha cOBpeMeHHoM smene. Her writings include McnaM B 06~ecmBeHHo-nonumulfecKoi1 >KU3HU Eeuttme 1952-1970 ee. (1979) and naHucnaMu3M ceeoonun (1986). Miliband2 EI Sharkawy, M. A. M., 1902-1960 see Sharqawi, Muhammad 'Abd al-Mun'im alSharma, Dasharatha, born in 1903, his writings include The early Chauhan dynasties (1959), Lectures on Rajput history and culture (1970), and he edited Rajasthan through the ages (1966). LC Sharon, Moshe, born 18 December 1937 at Haifa, he was educated at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and also studied at London, Paris, Oxford, and Dublin. He was a sometime professor of Islamic history as well as consultant to government. His writings include Epigrafyah 'erevit (1968), Black banners from the East (1983), Revolt; the social and military aspects of the Abbasid revolution (1990), and he edited Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; interaction and conflict (1989). Wholsrael,19781999; WhoWorJ,1978

Sharova, Elena Nikolaevna, born 29 April 1925 at Moscow, she graduated in 1949 from the Faculty of Philology, Moscow State University, and received her first degree in 1953 forOmanaaonbHble cjJOPMbl c CycjJcjJUKCOM -a U B maO>KUKOM fl3blKe. From 1952 to 1984 she was a research fellow at the Institute of Asian and African Countries, Moscow State University. Her writings include Kypc nepcuocxoeo fl3blKa (1983), and she was joint author of Ylfe6HUK nepcuocxoeo fl3blKa (1973). Miliband2 Sharova, Krumka Krumova, born 10 August 1924 at Nevrokop (Gotse Delchev), Bulgaria, she was a historian whose writings include fl106eH «epeeenod: U 6bnaapcKomo oceotioouenno OBU>KeHUe (1970), 1300 eoounu Bxneeppu« (1973), and she edited np06neMu Ha 6bnaapcKoao Bb3pa>KOaHe (1981). EnBulg

Sharova, Polina Naumovna, born in 1902, her writings include Konnesmueuseuun censcsoeo X03f1i1cmBa B LfeHmpanbHo-LfepH03eMHoi1 otinecmu, 1928-1932 ee. (1963), and she was joint author of CCCP B nepuoo 60pb6bl3a couuenucmu-eeyto uHoycmpuanu3au,ulO cmpenu (1953). She died in 1974. LC Sharp, Sir Henry, born in 1869 at London, he was educated at Rugby, and New College, Oxford, and entered the Indian Educational Service in 1894. His writings include Delhi, its story and buildings (1921), The Agamemnon of Aeschylus, an English version (1928), and Good-bye to India (1946). He died in 1954. Britlnd (3); Master (1); Riddick; WhE&EA; Who, 1921-1953; Who was who, 6 al-Sharqawi, Effatllffat Muhammad, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from McGill University, Montreal, for his thesis, Religion and philosophy in the thought of Fakhr aI-Din al-Razi; the problem of God's existence. His writings include Adab al-ta'rikh linda al-'Arab (1976), and Balaghat al'eti fi al-Qur'an al-karim (1981 ). Ferahian; LC al-Sharqawi (EI Sharkawy), Muhammad 'Abd al-Mun'im, born 24 May 1902, he studied geography at the University of Liverpool, where he received a B.A. in 1929, an M.A. in 1931, and a doctorate in 1941 in geography from Cairo University. He subsequently served as a professor, and later head of department, at Cairo until 1954, when he accepted an appointment at Alexandria. He died on 12 November 1960. Unesco; unidentified Arabic obituary Shastitko, Petr Mikhailovich, born 1 January 1923 in the Crimea, he graduated in 1954 from Moscow Oriental Institute, gained his first degree in 1963, and a doctorate in 1982. His writings include Cmo nem 6ecnpaBufi (1963), Hene Caxu6 (1967), and its translation, Nana Sahib; and account of the people's revolt in India, 1857-1859 (1980), and he was joint editor of Mcmopufl omeuecmeennoeo eocmosoeeoeuun 00 cepeouuu XIX BeKa (1990), POCCUFI U MHOUFI (1986), and its translation, Russia and India (1992). Miliband; Miliband2 Shatara, Fu'ad I., born in the 1890s at Jaffa, he started to study medicine in 1914 at the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, and went in 1916 to America, where he graduated from Columbia University. He was elected in 1923 a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He practised in Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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New York and New Jersey, and concurrently lectured at the Department of Anatomy and Surgery, and the School of Medicine of the Long Island College Hospital. He also had the opportunity of displaying his talents as a diplomat, having been offered the post of Arab minister to Washington, D.C., to represent King Husayn of the Hijaz, but he declined the offer. Note Shatil, Joseph (Yosef) Ernest, born in 1909, he was an economist and a member of the kibbutz Hazore'a. His writings include L'Economie collective du kibbutz isreetien (1960), and Bibliography (temporary) of studies of rural corporation in Israel (1965). WhoWorJ,1972 Shatzmiller, Maya, born 15 May 1943 in Palestine, she received a doctorate in 1974 from the Universlte Aix-Marseille I with a thesis entitled Etude comparative des historien du xtveme siecle de la periode mettniae et d'lbn Khaldoun. She was appointed in 1987 a professor at the Department of History in the University of Western Ontario, London, a post which she still held in 2001. Her writings include L'historiographie metinide; Ibn Khaldun et ses contemporains (1982), and Labour in the medieval Islamic world (1994). NatFacOr,1995-2001; Private; THESAM,1 Shaumian, Rafael Mikhailovich, fl. 1935, his writings include rpaMMamULJeCKUU OLJepK

fl3blKa (Moscow, 1941). LC; aSK

eevmcxoeo

Shavkunov, Ernst Vladimirovich, born 23 March 1930 at Smolensk, he graduated in 1955 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and gained his first degree in 1962 at Novosibirsk with a thesis entitled Focyoeocmeo 50xau u neunmnuru eao Kynbmypbl B npuMopbe. His writings include Kynbmypa LJ>KypLJ>K3Heu-you83 XI/-XIII aa. (1990), and he was joint editor of Hoeeiicsue epxeonoeuuecxue uccneooeennu» Ha ,aanbHeM Bocmoke CCCP (1976), and Mamepuanbl no apxeonoauu Ilenuneeo Bocmoxe CCCP (1981). Miliband; Miliband2 Shaw, D. John, born early 20th cent., he was a sometime senior lecturer in rural economy in the University of Khartoum, and affiliated with the Wadi Haifa Resettlement Commission. He was in 1967 a visiting fellow in agricultural economics at the Institute of Development Studies in the University of Sussex. His writings include Poverty, development, and food; basic needs revisited (1986). Note Shaw, Earl Bennett, born 18 March 1889 at Monroe, Iowa, he was a graduate of Washington University, St. Louis, Mo., and received a Ph.D. in geography in 1933 at Clark College, Worcester, Mass. He was successively a professor of geography at State Teachers College, Worcester, Mass., and Assumption College. His writings include World economic geography (1955). AmM&WS, 1973 S; Bioln 5; ConAu 17-18

Shaw, Ezel Kural, born early 20th cent., she received a Ph.D. in 1976 from Harvard for Midhat Pasha, reformer or revolutionary? In 1995 she was a professor at California State University, Northridge. She was joint author of English and Continental views on the Ottoman Empire, 1500-1800 (1972), and, with Stanford J. Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey (1976-77). MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacOr, 1995

Shaw, Flora Louisa, 1852-1929 see Lugard, Flora Louisa (Shaw) Lady Shaw, George Andrew, born about 1843, his writings include Madagascar and France (1885), and Madagascar of to-day (1886). He died in 1917. NUC, pre-1956 Shaw, Malcolm Nadin, born in 1933, his writings include New regulations for road transport (1969), and International law (1977). LC Shaw, R. Paul, born 23 May 1944, his writings include Migration theory and fact; a review and bibliography of current literature (1975). Mobilizing human resources in the Arab world (1983), Intermetropolitan migration in Canada (1985), and he was joint author of Genetic seeds of warfare (1989). LC Shaw, Robert Barkley, born in 1839 at Upper Clapton, England, he was educated at Marlborough, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became a tea-planter in Kangra, India, and travelled in 1868 as a merchant to eastern Turkestan, a journey which he described in Visits to high Tartary, Yarkand, and Kashgar, and return journey over the Karakoram Pass (1871), and its translation, Reise nach der hohen Tatarei (1872). His other writings include A grammar of the language of eastern Turkestan (1877-78), and The history of the khojas of Eastern Turkestan, summarized from the Tazkira-ikhwajagan of Muhammad Sadiq Kashghari (1897). He died in Upper Burma, 15 June 1879. Boase; Buckland; ONB; Embacher; Riddick

Shaw, Sheila G., born early 19th, she received a Ph.D. in 1959 from Bryn Mawr College with a thesis entitled The influence of the Arabian nights on early eighteenth century English literature, with special reference to Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels. She was in 1995 a professor at the Department of English, Wheaton College, Norton, Mass. NatFacOr, 1995; Selim Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Shaw, Stanford Jay, born 5 May 1930 at St. Paul, Minn., he received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled The financial and administrative organization and development of Ottoman Egypt. He was a professor of Turkish language and history at Harvard before he became a professor at U.C.L.A. He served as president of the Turkish Studies Association of North America, and was the fouder and first editor of the International journal of Middle East studies. He was awarded honorary doctorates by Harvard and Bogazigi Oniversitesi. His writings include The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic (1991), and he was joint author of Storia della letteratura turca (1965) and, with Ezel K. Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey (1976-77). ConAu 5-8, new rev., 6; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacDr,1995; Selim; WhoWor, 1974/75-1982/83; WrDr, 1976/78-1996/98

Shaw, Thomas, born in 1694, he was educated at Queen's College, Oxford, and was from 1720 to 1733 chaplain to the English factory at Alger. During this period he visited much of North Africa, journeys which he described in his Travels, or observations relating to several parts of Barbary and the Levant (1738), and its translations, Voyages dans plusieurs provinces de la Barbarie et du Levant (1743), Reisen, oder Anmerkungen verschiedener Theile der Barbarey und Levante (1765), and Reizen en aanmerkingen, door en over Barbaryen en het Ooste (1773). He died in 1751. Britlnd (12); DNB; Egyptology; Master (1)

Shaw, William Boyd Kennedy, born in 1901, he was educated at Radley and University College, Oxford. Thence, after the necessary study of Arabic, he joined the Sudan Forestry Service from 1924 to 1929. Attracted by the lure of the waterless desert to the north of Sudan, he and Douglas Newbold organized in 1927 a considerable exploratory journey by camel north-eastwards across an unmapped region to Selima Oasis. He subsequently took part in several motorized expeditions penetrating westward to within sight of the Tibesti mountains. Meanwhile, from 1929 onwards, his interests had become largely archaeological. He participated in various excavations in the Middle East and from 1936 to 1940 worked for the Palestine Department of Antiquities. With the outbreak of the war his academic career came upruptly to an end. His familiarity with the waterless interior of north-east Africa meant that his services were required urgently in Egypt. Throughout the North African campaign he served in the Long Range Desert Group as intelligence officier. In 1934 he was awarded the Gill Memorial by the Royal Geographical Society, of which he was a fellow; he was awarded the MBE and later the OBE. His writings include Long Range Desert Group; the story of its work in Libya, 19401943 (1945). He died 23 April 1979 after many years of a frustrating illness stoically borne. Geographica/jouma/145 (1979), p. 520; Who was who, 7

Shaw-Lefevre, George John, 1831-1928 see Eversley, George John Shaw-Lefevre, 1st Baron al-Shawaf, Nebil N., born first half 20th cent., he was a student at Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, and a sometime research assistant at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C. Note al-Shawarbi (Shawaribi), Mahmud Yusuf, born 19th cent., he was educated in Britain and Egypt, and gained a doctorate. He became a distinguished scientist and head of department at the University of Cairo. On three occasions he was a visiting professor in the United States. He also was active for three decades in intercultural relations, both within the Eastern world and its relations with the West. He was a sometime member of the Supreme Council on Islamic Affairs in the United Arab Republic as well as a director of the Islamic Center in New York, and a member of its Board of Trustees. His writings include Aradina (1952), Soil chemistry (1952), and Islam wa-al-Muslimun fi al-qarrah alAmrikiyah (1963). His trace is lost after a publication in 1973. Note Shawish, 'Abd al-'Aziz, 1872 or 6-1929 see Jawish, 'Abd al-'Aziz Shbat (Shubat), Ibrahim, fl. 1966-1973, he was an educator and a political leader of Mapam in Nazareth, and also served as an editor of the Arabic weekly, al-Mirsad, and member of the editorial board of the New outlook. Note Shcheblykin, Ivan Pavlovich, born in 1884, his writings include ttymeeooumens no MHaywcKoil eemonounoti otinecmu (1929), and naMflmHuKu A3ep6aila>KaHCKOao soouecmee snoxu HU3aMu (Baku, 1943). NYPL Shcheka, IUrii Vladimirovich, born 13 August 1946 at Moscow, he graduated in 1970 from the Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1981 for Oc06eH-Hocmu cunmescuce mypeuxot: peseoeopuoii peuu. He was a sometime research fellow in Turkey. His writings include Typeu,Kafi peseceopnes pe-u. (1989), and Pyccxo-mypeukuc peseoeopnu« (1992). Miliband 2 Shcherbak, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, born 28 December 1926 in Turkmenistan, he gained a doctorate in 1968 at Leningrad for Cpeenumeru.nen tponemuxe mtoosceux fl3blKoe. His writings include OaY3HaMe; Myxa66am-HaMe (1959), ipaMMamuliecKuil ouep« fl3blKa mlOpKcKuX mescmoe X-XIII ee. U3 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

378 Bocmounoeo Tyoeecmen« (1961), TpaMMamuKa cmapoy36eKcKoao fl3blKa (1962), Cpeenumensnsn tbonemux« tmooxcru« fl3blKOS (1970), OllepK cpeeuumenutoi: Mopcj:Jonoauu mlOpK-cKUX: UMfl (1977), and OllepK coeenumensnoti Mopcj:Jonoauu mtcoecn»: Fneeon (1981). Miliband; Miliband 2

Shearer, Johnston Evelyn, born 22 October 1852, he was educated at Aberdeen, where he completed his medical training in 1877. He joined in 1880 the Indian Medical Service, and served in the Egyptian expedition, 1882, the Burmese expedition, 1887-88, the Hazara and Miranzai expedition, 1891, the Waziristan expedition, 1894-95, and the Tirah expedition, 1897-98. He was a sometime secretary to Principal Medical Officer, Indian Forces. His writings include A history of the 1st Battalion, 15th Punjab Regiment, 1857-1937. He died 6 February 1917. BlC; Britlnd (1); Buckland; Riddick; Who was who, 2 Shearman, Douglas James, born early 20th cent. in England, he served in the Royal Navy for six years before receiving his B.Sc., with first class honours, from Celsea Polytechnic, University of London, and later a doctorate. In 1949 he was appointed assistant lecturer in geology at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, and in 1963, senior lecturer. He travelled widely, lecturing to universities and oil companies, and consulting on dam sites in the Middle East, India, and Africa. In the autumn of 1962 on the Trucial Coast of the Persian Gulf, he, with others, made the first discovery of Holocene anhydrite. In 1970 he received the George C. Matson Award. He was leader of the combined Royal Geographical Society - Imperial College Iranian Makram expedition in 1974, and in 1976. American Association of Petroleum Geologists bulletin 55 (July 1971), pp. 1113-1114 Shebunin, A. F., born 19th cent., he graduated in 1889 from the Oriental Faculty, St. Petersburg, and later served as a vice-consul in Egypt. He made a palaeographical investigation of an 'Uthman Koran preserved in the Imperial Public Library, St. Petersburg, and published it in 1891 entitled Kycj:JuliecKuii Kope«. He made in 1902 a study of a similar manuscript in the Khedivial Library in Cairo. Krachkovskii Shedd, John Haskell, born in 1833, he was a missionary to the Nestorians, from 1859 to 1870, and a president of Urmia College, from 1878 to his death in 1895. He wrote the 20-page booklet A sketch of the Persian Mission (1871), Shavit Shedd, Mary Edna nee Lewis, born 19th cent., she wrote a biography of her husband, The measure of a man; the life of William Ambrose Shedd, missionary to Persia (1922), and also The Urmia exodus; more leaves from the war journal of a missionary in Persia (1918). She died after her husband. Shavit Shedd, William Ambrose, born in 1865 at Urmia, Persia, he studied and was ordained in America. From 1892 to his death he was a missionary in Persia. His writings include Islam and the Oriental Churches (1904), and is wife, Mary Edna Lewis, wrote a biography, The measure of a man; the life of William Ambrose Shedd, missionary to Persia (1922) DAB; DcNAA; Master (1); Shavit Shedden, William Ralston, 1828-1889 see Ralston, William Ralston Shedden Sheean, James Vincent, born in 1899 at Pana, Illinois, he attended the University of Chicago from 1916 to 1920 and subsequently became a journalist for a number of American newspapers and, later, a free-lance reporter. He covered the Lausanne Peace Conference and meetings of the League of Nations. In November 1924 he went to North Africa, where he made an adventurous journey across Morocco and Algeria. He was imprisoned by Rif tribesmen, and after his release, entered the Rif and interviewed 'Abd el-Krim. His writings include An American among the Riffi (1925), The new Persia (1927), and his autobiography, Personal history (1953). He died at his home, Arolo, Italy in 1975. Bioln 10; ConAu 61-64; CurBio, 1941, 1975; Master (15); Note; NYT, 17 March 1975, p. 32, cols. 1-3; was who, 7

Shavit; WhAm, 6; Who

Sheehan, Edward R. F., born early 20th cent., his writings include The Arabs, Israelis, and Kissinger (1976), Agony in the garden; a stranger in Central America (1989), and Innocent darkness (1993). lC Sheffer, Gabriel, born 11 October 1938 at Tel Aviv, he was educated at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and at Oxford, where he received a D.Phil. in 1970 with a thesis entitled Policy making and British politicies towards Palestine, 1929-39. He became affiliated with the Department of Political Science at Jerusalem. His writings include a number of Hebrew works, and he edited Dynamics of conflict (1975), Modern diasporas in international politics (1986), Innovative leaders in international politics (1993), and he was joint editor of Great power intervention in the Middle East (1979). lC; Sluglett; Wholsrael, 1978-1985/861

Shehata, Shafiq T. see Chehata, Chafic Sheikh, M. Saeed, born early 20th cent., his writings include Studies in Muslim philosophy (1962), and A dictionary of Muslim philosophy (1970). lC

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Sheikh-Dilthey, Helmtraud, born in 1944, her writings include Die Punjabi Muslim in Kenya (1974), Marchen aus dem Pandschab (1976), and Kenya; Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte am Eingangstor zu Innerafrika (1981). LC

Sheil, Sir Justin, born in 1803 near Waterford, he was nominated to an East India cadetship. He came to Persia in 1833 under the aegis of the East India Company, as a captain in the Bombay Light Infantry and second-in-command of a detachment of officers and men sent from India to help train the Persian army. In 1836 he was attached to the British Legation as secretary, and in 1844 was appointed minister plenipotentiary with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He was a good Persian and Turkish scholar; notoriously frugal in his habits, he possessed a quite and retiring disposition, and was an able diplomat who travelled widely and was ever ready to protect British interests without being insensitive to Persian feelings. He died in 1871. Boase; Britlnd (1); Buckland; DNB; Riddick; Wright, p. 22

Sheil, Mary Leonora nee Woulfe, born early 19th cent., she travelled to the Persian Gulf, and overland to Tehran in degrading circumstances, where her husband, Sir Justin, was British envoy and minister at the Shah's court. Throughout her stay, she was forced to keep indoors for fear of offending her Muslim hosts. In fact there was nothing else to do but write the book, Glimpses of life and manners in Persia (c1856, 1973), and Khatirat-i Laydi Shil (1983). She died in 1869. Robinson, pp. 291-292 Sheirich, Richard Mershon, born 9 October 1927 at Erie, Pa., he graduated from Colgate University with the class of 1949 and receiveda Ph.D. in 1965 in German language and literature at Harvard with a thesis entitled Die Historie von Konig David. In 1980 he was appointed a professor of German at Pomona College, Claremont, Calif., a post which he still held in 1995. DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 F; NatFacDr, 1995; NUC, 1956-67

Shejwalkar, Tyrambak Shankar, his writings include Panipat, 1761 (Poona, 1946), and Nagpur affairs (1954). LC

Shekhoian, Laura Gaikovna, born 31 March 1936 at Erevan, she graduated in 1958 from the Faculty of Philology at Erevan, and received her first degree in 1967 at Moscow for Cmenoenenue >KaHpa noeennu s coeoeuennot) nepcuocxoi: numepamype, 1920-1950 BB. Since 1961 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Armenian Academy of Science. Miliband 2

Shelkovnikov, Babut (Bebut/Beibut) Aleksandrovich, his writings include tlonuene» KepaMuKa U3 pecxono« eopooe AHu (1957), Xyoo>KeCmeeHHoe cmekno (1962), and Pyccsoe xyoo>KeCmeeHHoe cmexno (1969). LC Shellabear, William Girdlestone, born 27 August 1862 at Wells, Norfolk, he was a student at Haileybury College from 1877 to 1879. After passing through the Royal Military College at Woolwich, he received a commission as lieutenant engineer in 1882, and had further training at the Military Engineering School at Chatham until 1885. In 1890 he became a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church of the USA for service among the Malays. He developed the Mission Press and prepared much Malayan Christian literature. In 1913 Ohio Wesleyan University conferred upon him a doctor of divinity. From 1914 to 1918 he served as president of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. He went to the United States in 1920 to teach Oriental languages and Islamic SUbjects at Drew Theological Seminary at Madison, N.J., until 1925. The following ten years he taught at the Kennedy School of Missions at Hartford, Conn., where he died, 16 January 1947. MW 37 (1947),p. 168; Sezgin

Shelley, Mizanur Rahman, 1943- see Mizanur Rahman Shelley Shelton, John, born about 1780, he entered the army in 1805, and served in the Iberian Peninsula before he went in 1822 to India with another unit. A lieutenant-colonel since 1827, he became a brigade commander from 1841 to 1843 in Afghanistan. He died shortly after his return from India from a fall from his horse at Dublin on 10 May 1845. Buckland; DNB

Shemanskii, A. D., fl. 1911, his writings include Benuxe» eOUHa e 1915), and BenUKOU eOUHbl (Moscow, 1915). NUC, pre-1956

ospese» u

«epmunex (Moscow,

Shemu'eli (Shmueli), Avshalom, born in 1925, he gained an M.A. in 1969 at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, with a thesis entitled Hitnahalut ha-Bedyim shel midbar Yehuda. He was affiliated with the Jewish-Arab Centre in the University of Haifa. His writings include Erets ha-Negev; adam u-midbar (1978), and he was joint author of ha-Meshulash ha Katan (1985), and Sinai (1987), and he was joint editor of The changing Bedouin (1984). He died in 1981. LC

Shen, Ysra'el see Schen, Israel Shengeli, Georgii Arkad'evich, born in 1894 at Temriuk, Caucasus, he wrote npaKmu'-/ecKoe cmuxoeeoenue (1923), Texuux« cmuxa (1940), and he edited the Turkoman epic Yusuf ile Ahmed of the 18th Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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century writer Kurban 'Ali Magrupi, JOcyn u AXMeo (1944). He died in Moscow, 16 October 1956

NUC,

pre-1956; TurkmenSE

Shengeliia, Luiza Nesterovna, 1935- see Sengelia, Luiza Nesterovna Shengeliia, Nodar Nestorovich, 1932- see Sengelia, Nodar Nestorovich Shepard, Frederick Douglas, born in 1855 at Ellenburg, N.Y., he was educated at Franklin Academy, Malone, N.Y., Cornell University, and the College and Medical Department of the University of Michigan. He went in 1882 to Turkey, where he located at Aintab (Gaziantep) in connection with Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital. He was appointed a missionary while on the field and in charge of the hospital, 16 August 1910. He was engaged in Red Cross medical work in Constantinople during portion of 1915. He died in Aintab on 18 December 1915, of typhus fever contracted in course of his work in the hospital. Dictionary of American biography; Missionary herald 112 (1916), pp. 115-116; New York Times, 11 January 1916, p. 11, col. 5; Shavit

Shepard, Jonathan E. B., fl. 1975 at Selwyn College, Cambridge, he received a D.Phil. in 1973 from Oxford with a thesis entitled Byzantium and Russia in the 11th century; a study in political and ecclesiastical relationships. Sluglett Shepard, Lorrin Andrews, born in 1890 at Aintab (Gaziantep), Turkey, the son of Frederick D. Shepard. He graduated from Yale, and Columbia College ot Physicians and Surgeons, was appointed a missionary under the American Board of Commissions for Foreign Missions, and sent to Turkey in 1919. He practised in Aintab until 1923, when the Turkish Government closed his work and that of other foreign doctors in Turkey. He served as director of the American Hospital in Istanbul from 1927 to 1957, and died in Haverhill, Mass., 16 July 1983. Misionaryherald; Shavit Shepard, Sanford, born 24 March 1928 at Pittsburgh, Pa., he was a graduate of Lenoir-Rhyne College, Hickory, N.C., and received a Ph.D. in 1960 from N.Y.U. for Lopez Pinciano and Aristotelian criticism in the Spanish renaissance. He was a professor of Spanish and humanities at Oberlin College from 1961 to 1969, when he became a professor of Romance languages at his alma mater. His writings include Lost lexicon; secret meanings in the vocabulary of Spanish literature during the Inquisition (1982). DrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F

Shepard, William Eugene, born 30 June 1933 at Lancaster, Pa., he graduated from Swarthmore College with the class of 1955, and received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Harvard University with a thesis entitled The faith of a modern Muslim intellectual; the religious aspects and implications of the writings of Ahmad Amin. He served as a pastor before he was appointed in 1971 a professor at Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, Iowa, a post which he held for some twenty years. In 1992 he was a lecturer at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. His writings include Sayyid Qutb and Islamic activism; a translation and critical analysis of social justice in Islam. DrAS, 1974, 1978 P; Private; Selim Shephard Parpagliolo, Maria Teresa, fl. 1976, her writings include Kabul; the Bagh-i-Babur; a project and a research into possibilities of a complete reconstruction (Rome, 1972). NUC, 1973-1977 Shepherd, Dorothy Grace (Mrs. Ernest Payer), born 15 August 1916 at Weiland, Ontario, she was a graduate of the University of Michigan, and taught Islamic art and archaeology successively at N.Y.U., and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Since 1954 she was a curator of Near Eastern art at the Cleveland Museum of Art. Who's who in American art, 1966-19781; Who's who of American women, 1961/62

Shepherd, George William, born 26 October 1926 at Shanghai, he graduated from the University of Michigan with the class of 1949, and received a Ph.D. in 1952 at London. Since 1968 he was a professor of international relations at the Graduate School of International Studies in the University of Denver. He spent the academic year 1964/65 at Khartoum as a visiting professor. His writings include The politics of African nationalism (1962), and Nonaligned Black Africa (1970). American men and women of science, 1973 S; Contemporary authors, 1-4, new rev., 6; International year book and statesmen's who's who, 1978-1998; Unesco; Who's who in America, 1974-1980/81; Who's who in the West, 1987/88, 1989/90; Who's who in the world, 1974/751980/81

Shepherd, Gillian Mary, born 12 March 1948 at Belfast, she was a graduate of Wheaton College, Norton, Mass, and in 1981 appointed a professor of medicine at Cornell University Medical College, N.Y.C., a post which she still held in 1999. National faculty directory, 1999; Who's who of American women, 1985/86,1987/88; WhoEmL,1987/88

Shepherd, John A., born 20th cent., he was a sometime senior lecturer in surgery at the University of Liverpool. His writings include Lawson Tait, the rebellious surgeon, 1845-1899 (1980), and The Crimean doctors; a history of the British medical services in the Crimean War (1991). Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Sheppard, Eric William, Major, O.B.E., born in 1890 at Timperley, England, he was educated at various colleges in England, and became a military correspondent and writer. His writings include The Turks in the next war(1938), and its translation, Die TOrkei im nechsten Krieg (1940). Au&W, 1971 Sheppard, Tom H., born 20th cent., M.B.E., he was a squadron leader in the Royal Air Force who headed the Joint Services West East Sahara Expedition which crossed the Sahara from the Atlantic to the Red Sea by Land Rover between 25 January and 3 May 1975. His writings include Desert expeditions, 2nd ed. (1984). Note Sheppard, Vivian Lee Osborne, born in 1877, he entered in 1902 the Egyptian Civil Service. He was a sometime director of the Egyptian Cadastral Service as well as surveyor-general of Egypt. He later became a consultant to the governments of Sarawak and Uganda. He was a member of the Societe sultanieh d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation, Cairo, as well as the Royal Societies Club, London. He was joint author of Land registration (1952). He died in 1963. Who was who, 6 Shepperson, George Albert, born 7 January 1922 at Peterborough, England, he was a Cambridge graduate who held various teaching posts in the United States, Uganda, and Canada. He retired in 1987. His writings include Independent African (1987). Unesco; Who, 1971-2000; WhoWor, 1989/90 Sher, IAkov Abramovich, born 21 June 1931, he was a professor of archaeology. His writings include KaMeHHble useennu» CeMupeLlbfl (1966), ttempoenan» CpeoHelJ U LjeHmpanbHolJ A3UU (1980), and he was joint editor of npo6neMbl epxeonoeuuecxuxKynbmyp cmenelJEepacuu (1987). LC; Schoeberlein Shere, S. Athar, he received an M.A. in 1934 from SOAS for The Lodi dynasty. His writings include Bronze images in Patna Museum (1961), and Terracotta figurines in Patna Museum (1961). Sluglett Sheremet, Vitalii Ivanovich, born 5 December 1940 at Leningrad, where he also graduated in 1963 from the Oriental Faculty. He received his first degree in 1968, and a doctorate in 1987 with a thesis entitled OCMaHcKafi uunepu« u 3anaoHpeeponelJcKolJ Oep>Kaebl: emopen mpems XIX eeKa. In the same year he was appointed a professor. His writings include Copeuennoe Hau,UOHanbHOoceotiooumenenoe OeU>KeHUe (1981), OCMaHcKafi utenepu« u 3anaoHafi Eepona; emopen mpem» XIX e. (1986), 50cepop; POCCUfi U Typuu» e ettoxv nepeoti vupoeot) eolJHbl (1995), and Bonne u 6u3Hec; enecms. oenseu u opywue (1996). LC; Miliband2 Shereshevsky, Shimon, he grew up in Germany before 1914. He was an editor of Ner, a magazine for Jewish-Arab rapprochement, published by the "lhud" Association. In 1961 he was a professor at the School of Education in the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Note Sherf, Zeev, born 21 April 1906 in Rumania, he was a secretary of the Government of Israel, and director of State Revenue, 1948-1957. His writings include Hok u-minhal ba-medinah (1953), Sheloshah yamim (1959), and its translation, Three days (1962). EncJud; IntWW, 1979-1980/811; Wholsrael, 1958-1968; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Sherkova, Tat'iana Aleksandrevna, born 15 July 1949, she graduated in 1974 from the Faculty of History at Moscow State University, and received her first degree in 1988 for Eaunem u KywaHcKoe uepcmeo, a work which was published in 1991. Since 1975 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. Miliband2 Sherkovic, Nikola P. see Serkovic, Nikola P. Sherkovina, Rimma Ivanovna, born 4 September 1932 at Tashkent, she graduated in 1944 from the Faculty of History at Moscow State University. Since 1959 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include nonUmUlJeCKulJ napmuu u nonumu-eonen 6opb6a e tteeucmen«, 60-70-e aoobl (1983). Miliband2 Sherman, Sir Alfred, born 11 November 1919, he was a journalist, and later a public affairs adviser in private practice. He was a sometime London correspondent of the Israeli daily, Haaretz. His writings include Landowners foot the bill (1968). IntAu&W, 1989; Who, 1984-2000 Sherrill, Charles Hitchcock, born in 1867 at Washington, D.C., he was a graduate of Yale University and became a lawyer. From 1932 to 1933 he served as ambassador to Turkey. His writings include Mosaics in Italy, Palestine, Syria, Turkey and Greece (1933), and A year's embassy to Mustafa Kemal (1933), and its translations, Mustafa Kema/, ttiomme, i'ceuvre, Ie pays (1934), and Mustafa Kema/, eseri ve memleketi (1955). NatCAB, vol. 14, p. 523-524, vol 37, p. 20; NYT, 26 June 1936, p. 19, col. 1; Shavit;

WhAm, 1; WhNAA; Who was who, 3

Sherrill, Sarah Barker, born 1 September 1935 at Boston, she graduated from Smith College with the class of 1957, and became an editor with a variety of publishers in Boston and N.Y.C. In 1995 she Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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was affiliated with the New York School of Interior Design. Her writings include Carpets and rugs of Europe and America (1996). Master (1); NatFacDr, 1995; WhoAmW, 1975/76

Sherston, John Reginald Vivian, Brigadier, D.S.O., born in 1888, he was educated at the Royal Military College, Wellington, and served in 1919 in Afghanistan. He died in 1975. Who was who, 7 Sherwani, Haroon Khan, born 3 March 1891 in India, near Aligarh, he graduated in 1911 from Jesus College, Oxford, with honours in modern history. Thereafter he studied law at London, and was called to the bar in 1913. On his return to India in 1914, he practised his profession for five years, when he abandoned it in favour of teaching at Osmania University. In 1945 he was appointed principal of Nizam College, Madras University. He subsequently held educational posts in the Indian Government. He was associated with Islamic culture almost since its inception. His writings include Mahmud Gawan, the great Bahmani wazir (1942), and Studies in the history of early Muslim political thought and administration (1942). He died in Hyderabad, 15 September 1980. Islamic culture 54 iv (1980), pp. i-ii Sherwani, Latif Ahmed, born early 20th cent., he was in 1962 director of the Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, Karachi. His writings include Pakistan, China and America (1980), and The partition of India and Mountbatten (1986). LC Sheskin, Aryeh see Szeskin, Arieh Shestakov, Andrei Vasil'evich, born in 1877 in Russia, he was a Soviet historian whose writings include 5yHm seunu (1923), KpemxuuKypC ucmopuu CCCP (1937), its translation, A short history of the U.S.S.R. (1938), Ucmopufl CCCP (1941), and its translations, Geschichte fun FSSR (1941), and Historia de la U.R.S.S. (1941), and he was joint author of ncmoou« opeeueeo Mupa a xyoo>KeCmaeHHoucmoou-eckux 06pa3ax (1968). He died in Moscow in 1941. GSE, vol. 29, p. 584 Shestopalov, Vladimir IAkovlevich, born 23 October 1924 at Dedilov near Tula, he graduated in 1952 from the Institute of International Relations in Moscow State University, and received his first degree in 1969. From 1967 to 1984 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include Itepcuocau) senue; np06neMa «oumunenmensnoeo wenbcjJa (1982). Miliband2 Shevchenko, Igor', 1922- see Sevcenko,lhor Shevchenko, Zinaida Matveevna, fl. 20th cent., her writings include 5u6nuoapacjJufI 6u6nuoapacjJuu TaO>KUKUCmaHa (1966), U3 ucmopuu 6u6nuomelfHoao oen« a TaO>KUKUCmaHe (1968), and she was joint editor of Mirzo Tursunzoda; fehrasti asarhoi M. Tursunzoda (1981). LC Shevel', Igor' Borisovich, born 1 July 1929 at Chernigov, Russia, he graduated in 1951 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1954 for AapapHblu eonpoc U eeo pespeiueHue a CUHblJ,3f1He. He edited 3KoHoMulfecKafi pecjJopMa a KHP; npe06pa30aaHufi a eopooe, 19851988 (1993). LC; Miliband2 Shevliakov, Mikhail Viktorovich, born in 1866, his writings include >KeHw,uHa, >KU3Hb U ntoooe (1891), Pyccuue ocmpeni U ocmpomu ux (1898), ncmoou-eckue ntoou a 06w,ecmaeHHblx (1900), and Coeoeuennuxu; eneeoomucecru» cepmu U3 >KU3HU 06w,ecmauHHblx oeflmeneu necmosuueeo (1900).

LC; NUC, 1973-1977

Sheynin, Hayim Y., born 15 June 1938 at Leningrad, where he was also educated. He was a professor at Haifa University and from 1979 to 1982 at Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, Philadelphia, Pa. WhoWorJ, 1978, 1987 Shibaeva, IUliia Artem'evna, fl. 1950, her writings include Ooe>Koa xexecoe (Stalinabad, 1959), and she was joint editor of C60pHUK ecnupenmcxux pa60m UcmopulfKcKoao cjJaKynbmema (Dushanbe, 1972). NUC, 1956-67, 1973-77 Shiber, Saba George, born in 1923, he received a Ph.D. in 1956 from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., with a thesis entitled Urban formation and reformation. His writings include The Kuwait urbanization (1964), and Recent Arab city growth (1968). LC; NUC, 1956-67 Shidfar, Betsi IAkovlevna, born 27 February 1928 at Kharkov, Ukraine, she graduated in 1951 at Leningrad, and received her first degree in 1962 with a thesis entitled ncmopu« U tpunocoa: X-XI ee. U6H MucKaaeux U eao snoxe, and a doctorate in 1972 for her 06pa3Hafi cucmeue apa6cKou KnaCCUlfeCKOU numepemypu VI-XII eesoe U ee eeomouus. Her writings include A6y Hyeec (1978), A6y-nb-Anfl anb-Maappu (1985), the translation, >KU3Hb U nooeueu AHmapbl (1968), and she edited AHoanyccKafi numepamypa; 6u6nuoapacj:JulfecKuu yeesemen» (1983), and she was joint translator of >Ku3He-onucaHue Caucj:Ja, cune lJ,apufl3yf/3aHa (1987). She died 28 May 1993. Miliband; Miliband2 Shidyaq, Jean see Chidiak, Jean Shiel, Justin, lieutenant colonel, 1803-1871 see Sheil, Sir Justin Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Shields, Ried (Reid) Frampton, born in 1893 at Allerton, Iowa, he became a missionary in the Sudan for forty years. He wrote a history of the American mission in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan entitled Behind the garden of Allah (1937). LC; Shavit Shifman, Aleksandr losifovich, born in 1907 at Turov, Gomel Oblast, he gained his first degree in 1946 with a thesis on Tolstoi, and a doctorate in 1974. His writings include flee Tonomoii u Bocmo« (1960). Miliband; Miliband2

Shihatah, Ibrahim Fahmi Ibrahim, born in 1937, he was a lawyer who gained three degrees at Cairo University, and a Ph.D. at Harvard. He was a member of the Conseil d'Etat in Cairo (1957-59), a member of the Technical Bureau of the U.A.R. President in Damascus (1959-60), a lecturer and professor of international law in Cairo (1964-66 and 1970-72), and a legal adviser and general counsel of the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development in Kuwait (1966-70, and 1972-76). He also served as director general of the OPEC Fund for International Development since its establishment in 1976. His writings include The power of the International Court to determine its own jurisdiction (1965), The OPEC Special Fund (1976), and The OPEC aid record (1979). IntWW, 1981-2001; Master (2); Note; WhoArab, 1997/98, 1999/2000

Shikhsaidov, Amri Rzaevich, born 20th cent., he received his first degree in 1974 at Moscow with a thesis entitled Ileeecmen eX-XIV ee. His writings include McnaM e cpeoHeeeKoeoM Ileeecmene (1969), 3nuapacjJuliecKue naMRmHUKU Ileeecmene X-XVII ee. KaK ucmopuuecxuc ucmo-mu« (1984), and he was joint author of OllepKu ucmopuu J03Hoao,QaaecmaHa (1964). Shilling, Evgenii Mikhailovich, 1892-1953, his writings include Ileeecmenxue Kycmapu (1928), Ky6alluHcKaR cepeopnne« oocmse (1938), Ky6alluHlJ,bl U ux Kynbmypa (1949), and Manbe Hapoobl Ileeecmene (1993. LC Shilling, John D., born in 1943, he edited Beyond syndicated loans; sources of credit for developing countries (Washington, D.C., World Bank, 1992). LC Shilling, Pavel L'vovich, born Paul Schilling von Canstadt in 1786 at Tallinn. A second lieutenant in 1802 with the Russian general staff, he was posted to the Russian legation at MOnchen from 1803 to 1812 as a translator and attache. After the 1812-14 war, he returned to the ministry of foreign affairs in St. Petersburg. He was a scientist and orientalist. He died in St.Petersburg in 1837. AzarbSE, vol. 10, p. 529; Baltisch (2); GSE, vol. 29, p. 596

Shiloah, Amnon, born in 1928 in Argentina, he was educated at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and gained a doctorate in 1963 at Paris. From 1971 to his retirement in 1997 he was successively a lecturer, professor, and chairman, Department of Musicology in the Hebrew University. His writings include The theory of music in Arabic writings (1979), a collection of his articles entitled The dimension of music in Islamic and Jewish culture (1993), and the translation from the Arabic of ai-Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn 'Ali al-Katib, La perfection des connaissances musicales (1972). ConAu 158; Wholsrael, 1969/70,1972,1973/74; WhoWorJ,1978

Shiloh, Ailon, born 5 September 1924 at Toledo, Ohio, he graduated from the University of New Mexico with the class of 1952, and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, Philadelphia, Pa. He was a professor of anthropology at the University of Pittsburgh until 1973, when he became attached to the University of South Florida at Tampa. His writings include Peoples and cultures of the Middle East (1969), and Alternatives to doomsday (1971). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 33-36; IntAu&W, 1977-1989; WrDr, 1976/78-1996/98

Shimmon, Paul, born 19th cent., he was a special representative of the Assyrian patriarch, Mar Shimun. His writings include the booklet, Massacres of Syrian Christians in North West Persia and Kurdistan (London, 1916). NUC, pre-1956 Shinar, Dov, born 20th cent., he was in 1987 a coordinator, Community Media Program, Sapir Negev College, and subsequently a member of the Communications Institute, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. In 1995 he was attached to the Department of Communications, Concordia UniversityLoyola, Montreal, P.Q., a post which he still held in 1998. His writings include Palestinian press in the West Bank; the political dimension (1987), and Palestinians voices; communication and nation bUilding in the West Bank (1987). NatFacDr, 1995-1998 Shinar, Pessah, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1957 from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, with a thesis in Hebrew on Muslim nationalism in North Africa. He was a sometime professor of Muslim civilization at Jerusalem. His writings include Essai de bibliographie selective et ennotee sur /'islam maghrebin contemporain (1983). LC

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Shinder, Joel, born in 1944, he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Princeton with a thesis entiled Ottoman bureaucracy in the second half of the seventeenth century; the central and naval administration. In 1973 he was resident in Fredonia, N.Y. NUC, 1973-77 Shinnie, Peter Lewis, born 18 January 1915, he was a graduate of Christ Church College, Oxford, and served in the Sudan and Uganda before he became in 1970 a professor of archaeology at the University of Calgary, Alberta. His writings include Meroe, a civilization of the Sudan (1967), The capital of Kush (1980), Ancient Nubia (1995), and he was joint author of Debeira West, a mediaeval Nubian town (1978). ConAu 103; Who, 1974-2000 Shir, Addai, 1867-1916 see Scher, Addai Ibrahim Shiraliiev, Marnedaqha Shirali oghly, born 19 September 1909 at Shamakhu, he was a linguist, and in 1943 appointed a professor. His writings include Azarbaijan dilinin orfografiiasy (1954), and Iluenexmbl U eoeopu a3ep6auo)f(aHCKOao fl3blKa (1983). AzarbSE, vol. 10, p. 545 Shiraliiev, Shulan Ismail ogly, born 20 February 1935, he graduated in 1962 from the Oriental Faculty in the Azerbaijan State University, Baku, and received his first degree in 1966 for MooanbHble cnoee a coepeuennoi» nepcuocKOM fl3blKe. He remained attached to his alma mater, and in 1970 was appointed a lecturer. He was joint author of Farsja-azarbaijanja danyshyg kitab (1983). Miliband 2 Shlratllev, Vasif Museiib oghlu, 20th cent., his writings include Pesepeu pocma npouseooumenenocmu mpyoa a )f(UnUUJ,HOM cmpoumenscmee (Baku, 1968), and he was joint author of )/(unuUJ,Hoe cmooumenscmeo U npouseooumensnocm mpyo« (Baku, 1980). LC Shirkova, Zinaida Aleksandrovna, born 29 July 1925, she was educated at Leningrad, and became attached to the Institute of History, Archaeology, and Ethnography in the Tajik Academy of Science. Her writings include TpaOULI,UOHafi U coepeuenne» ooe)f(oa )f(eHUJ,UH eopnoeo TaO)f(UKUCmaHa (1976), and TaO)f(UKCKUU KocmJOM KOHLI, XIX-XX aa. (1993). LC; Schoeberlein Shirkuh (Chirkuh/$erko), Blih'ch, he wrote a/-Qadiyah a/-Kurdiyah (Misr, 1930).

LC

Shirokova, Zinaida Aleksandrovna, born 29 July 1925, she was an ethographer successively at the Tajik Academy of Science and in Leningrad. Her writings include 3mHoapacjJulfecKue KOnnKLI,UU nncmumyme ucmopuu ... AH TaO)f(UKCKOU (1956), and TpaOULI,UOHHafi U coeoeuenne» ooe)f(oa )f(eHUJ,UH TaO)f(UKUCmaHa (1976). Schoeberlein Shirt, George, born in 1843, he was educated at the Church Missionary Society's College, London, and at Cambridge, where he took honours in the Oriental Tripos in 1864. In 1866 he went to India, where he arrived shipwrecked. For twenty years, until 1886, he was a missionary under the C.M.S. at Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur in Sind. He was a fellow of Bombay University. He had acquired a knowledge of Persian, Arabic and Brahui. In 1885 he travelled through Persia. His writings include A Sindhi-English dictionary (1879), a translation of the Bible into Sindi, besides other works in that language. He died 16 June 1887. Buckland Shirzoi, Vali Jan, 1936- see Cherzo'i, Wali Shishkin, Vasilii Afanas'evich, born 29 December 1893 (10 January 1894) in the Ukraine, he graduated in 1926 from the Central Asian State University, Tashkent, and gained a doctorate in 1961 with a thesis entitled Bapaxwa. His writings include ropooe Y36eKucmaHa (1943), and he edited Mamepuanbl no epxeonoeuu Y36eKucmaHa (1948). He died 18 October 1966. Miliband 2 ; UzbekSE, vol. 13, pp. 78-79

Shishkina, Galina Vasil'evna fl. 1964, her writings include Fnesypoeenne» KepaMuKa Coeoe (1979), Peuecnennsst npooyKLI,UfI cpeoneeeececeo coeoe (1986), and she edited ,[JpeaHfIfi U cpeoHeaeKoaafi Kynbmypa LJalfa (1979), and Y ucmosoe opeaHeu Kynbmypbl Teiuxenme (1982), and she was joint author of CaMapKaHo; My3eu noo omKpblmblM He60M (1986). LC Shiva Rao, B., M.A., fl. 1939, his writings include The industrial worker in India (1939), and he was joint author of The problem of India (1926). NUC, pre-1956 Shkaratan, Ovsei Irmovich, born in 1931, he was a sometime professor at the Institute of Finance and Economics, Leningrad. His writings include np06neMbl COLl,UanbHOu cmpyKmypbl pa60lfeao xnecce CCCP (1970), npOMblwneHHoe npeonpuemue (1978), and he edited 3mHOCOLl,uanbHble np06neMbl eopoae (1986), and he was joint editor of np06neMbl cumyeuuu a peseumuu eopooe (1988). LC Shkerovic, N. see Skerovic, Nikola P.

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Shkodra, Ziya, fl. 1966, her writings include Esnafet shqiptare, shekujt xv-xx (1973), Qyteti shqiptar gjate Rilindjes Komoetsre (1984), and its translation, La ville albanaise au cours de la renaissance nationale (1988). LC Shlagintveit (tllnarasraear), Robert, 1833-1885 see Schlagintweit, Robert von Shlaim, Avi, born in 1945, he graduated in 1969 from Jesus College, Cambridge, and received a Ph.D. in 1980 from the University of Reading. He was successively a lecturer and reader in politics at Reading from 1970 to 1987, when he became Alastair Buchan Reader in international relations at St. Antony's Middle East Centre, Oxford, a post which he still held in 1993. His writings include Collusion across the Jordan (1988), and its abridged edition, The politics of partition (1990); he was joint ediitor of The EEC and the Mediterranean countries (1976). ConAu 136; DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES, 1993 Shlegel, Boris Khristoforovich, born in 1880, his writings include Boonoe X03f1{JcmBo CpeoHe{J A3UU (1926), and MUHepanbHbleucmounusu ,a>Kemblcy (1927). NUC, pre-1956; aSK Shloming, Robert, born 5 November 1938 at N.Y.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from New York University with a thesis entitled Thabit ibn Qurra as a link between Greek and Latin mathematics. He taught at Brooklyn College until 1968, when he was appointed a professor at the Department of Mathematics and Engineering, Essex College, Newark, N.J., a post which he still held in 1999.

AmM&WS, 1973 S; DrAS, 1969, 1974 H; NatFacDr, 1995-1999; Selim

Shlomo, Hilali, fl. 1964-68, the pseudonym of an English writer who made the Middle East conflict his special interest, but who was not permitted by his profession to engage openly in political problems. Note

Shlykov, Viacheslav Ivanovich, born 24 December 1945, at Riazan, Russia, he graduated in 1974 from the Institute of Asian and African Countries, Moscow State University, and received his first degree in 1979 with a thesis entitled npUlfUHbl, xepesmeo U nocneocmeun enympunonumuuecsoeo «pusuce 1971 aoda B Typu,uu. Miliband2 Shmarov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, born 3 April 1937 at Moscow, he graduated in 1961 from the Institute of Asian and African Countries, Moscow State University, and received a doctorate in 1983 with a thesis entitled Kunp B cpeousennouopcxot) nonumuke HATO. His writings include Oc06eHnocmu nonumuku unneouenusue B Bocmocnou Cpeou3eMHoMopbe (1986), and he was joint editor of Kunp; cnpeeocnu« (1986). Miliband2 Shmidt, lakov Ivanovich, 1779-1847 see Schmidt, Isaak Jacob Shmit, Aleksandr Eduardovich, born in 1871 at Tiflis, he graduated in 1894 from the Faculty of Oriental Languages, St. Petersburg, and subsequently taught there until 1920, when he went as a professor to Tashkent. His writings include 'A6o-an-Baxxa6-aw-WapaHu U eBO KHuBa pa3cblnaHHblx >KeMlfy>KUH (1914), and he edited B. B. 5apmonboy mypxecmencsue Opy3bfl, YlfeHuKuU nouumemenu (1927). He died in Tashkent, 9 August 1939. GSE, vol. 29, p. 614; Krachkovskii; Miliband; Miliband2 ; NYPL Shmorgoner, David Isaakovich, born in 1882 in Russia, he received a degree in 1905 from the Faculte de droit de Paris. His writings include tteocu« (1925), tteocu», CCCP U Anenu» (1926), Ilepcu», Typuu», EBunem U cuou» (1929), and he edited CmpaHbl Bocmoxe (1929). Miliband; Milband2 Shmuelevitz, Aryeh, born in 1932, he received a Ph.D. in 1981 from University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled Administrative, legal and social relations in the Ottoman Empire in the late 15th and the 16th centuries, a work which was published entitled The Jews of the Ottoman Empire in the late fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries (1984). He was a professor of Middle Eastern history at the Department of Middle Eastern and African History in Tel-Aviv University, and since 1990 its chairman. He was in 1959 one of the founders of the Shiloah (later Dayan) Center and of the Middle East record. MESA Roster of members, 1990; Reich; Selirn"

Shmueli, Avshalom, 1925-1981 see Shemu'eli, Avshalom Shoabdurahmonov (Woa6p,ypahMoHos/Shaabdurakhmanov), Shonazar Sh., born 5 May 1923 at Tashkent, he gained a doctorate in 1963 and became a professor in 1974. His writings include Hozirgi uzbek adabii tili (1980), and he edited Zhanubii Qozoghirstondagi uzbek shvalari (1981), and Uzbek nutqi madaniiati ocherklari (1988). LC; UzbekSE, vol. 13, p. 83 Shoitov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, born 21 September 1921, he graduated in 1945 from the Military Institute for Foreign Languages, and gained his first degree in 1951 at Moscow with a thesis entitled Pone M. Q:J. AXyHooBa B peseumuu ttepcuocsoc npoepeccuenoii numepamypbl. From 1961 to 1965 he was attached to the Soviet Legation in Iran. His writings include PaccKa3bl neocuocsux nucemenea

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(1955), Y4e6Hoe nocotiue no eoeHHoMy tteoeeoov (1955), Coepeuenne» nepcuacxe» n033Ufl (1959), Y4e6HuK nepcuocxoeo fl3blKa (1959), and translations from the Persian. Miliband; Miliband2 Shokeid, Moshe Minkovitz, born 10 September 1936 at Tel-Aviv, he graduated in 1960 from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Manchester University. He spent his entire academic career with his alma mater teaching social anthropology. His writings include The dual heritage; immigrants from the Atlas Mountains in an Israeli village (1971), A gay synagogue in New York (1995), and he was joint author of The predicament of homecoming (1974), and Distant relations (1982). ConAu 41-44, New rev., 16; WhoWorJ,1978 Shokhumorov, Saidanvar, born 1 November 1946 in Tajikistan, he graduated in 1973 from the Faculty of History, Tajikistan State University, and received his first degree in 1979 with a thesis entitled Apxue necneonoeo npuHu,a AcPaaHucmaHa /l!Hafimynna-xaHa KaK ucm04HUK. His writings include "AxKaM-U Xy3yp(( KaK ucmOCHUK no ucmopuu AcPaaHHcmKHa neuene XX e. (1980). Miliband2 Shomuhamedov, Shoislam M., 1921- see Shamukhamedov, Shaislam Makhmudovich Shoniezov, Korim Shaniiazovich, 1924- see Shaniiazov, Karim Shaniiazovich Shor, Francis Marion Luther, born 24 March 1914 at Philadelphia, Pa., he worked as a reporter and copywriter for a variety of journals before joining the National geographic magazine in 1953. He died in 1974. ConAu 111; NYT, 16 July 1974, p. 38, col. 2; WhoAm, 1974/76; WhAm, 6 Shor, Jean Bowie, born 24 March 1916 at Amarillo, Texas, she was a student at the University of Texas from 1934 to 1937, and from 1951 to 1955 joined the staff of the National geographic magazine. Her writings include After you, Marco Polo (1955). WhoAmW, 1961/62 Shor, Rozaliia Osipovna, 1894-1939, her writings include f/3b1K u 06~ecmeo (1926), and she was joint author of Beeoenue e fl3blKoeeoeHue (1945), and flumepamypa cpeonuxeesoe (1953). LC Shore, Arthur Frank Peter, born in 1924 at Aldbury, Hertforshire, he studied Demotic, and graduated B.A. 1949, and M.A., 1952 at Cambridge, and held a studentship in Oriental languages at Cambridge, 1951-1955. He died in 1994. Egyptology Shore, John, Lord Teignmouth, born in 1751, he entered the East India Company's service in 1768. After spending a year at a secret political department, he was appointed in 1770 to the Board of Revenue at Moorshedabad. In spite of his laborious official work, he found time to devote himself to the study of Oriental languages. In 1773 he acted temporarily as Persian translator and secretary to the Board at Moorshedabad. In 1792 he became governor-general of India. As a reward for his services he was created Baron Teignmouth in 1798. He died in 1834. DNB; Mason; Riddick Shorrock, William Irwin, born 16 June 1941 at Milwaukee, Wise., he graduated from Denison University with the class of 1963, and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled France in Syria and Lebanon, 1901-1914; pre-war origins of the mandate. In 1969 he was appointed a professor of history at Cleveland State University, a post which he still held in 2000. His writings include French imperialism in the Middle East (1976), and From ally to enemy (1988). ConAu 65-68; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; IntAu&W, 1977; NatFacDr,2000; Private; Selim

Short, John Thomas, born 1 May 1850 at Galin, Ohio, he graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1868, from Drew Theological Seminary in 1871, and received a Ph.D. in 1883 at Ohio State University. He was a pastor in Ohio from 1872 to 1874, and then studied at the Universitat Leipzig. From 1876 to his death at Columbus, Ohio, 11 November 1883, he was variously a professor of history, philosophy, and English literature at Ohio universities. He wrote The last gladiatorial show (1872). TwCBDA Shorter, Frederic Clairborne, born-about 1935, he received a Ph. D. in 1965 from Stanford University with a thesis entitled Jute policy in India and Pakistan, 1947-1953; an economic analysis. He became affiliated with the Population Council. He was joint author of Trends in fertility and mortality in Turkey, 1935-1975 (1982), and he was joint editor of Population factors in development planning in the Middle East (1985). LC; NUC; MESA Roster of members, 1990 Shoshan, Boaz, born 21 January 1948 at Tel-Aviv, he received a Ph.D. in 1978 from Princeton with a thesis entitled Money, prices, and population in Mamluk Egypt. He was a professor of medieval Islamic history and culture at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva. He was a fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University, 1984/85, and an Alexander von Humboldt fellow,1987-89. His writings include Popular culture in medieval Cairo (1993). Private; Selim3 Shostakovich, Sergei Vladimirovich, his writings include ,aunnoMamu4ecKafi oefimenbHocmb A. C. '-pu60eooea (1960), and he edited Omuemu epxeonoeuucsux 3Kcneouu,uu se 1963-1965 eooe (1966). Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

387 Shouber, Barik, born 12 April 1946 at Karbala, Iraq, he studied English and German at Baghdad University, 1963/64, and from 1966 to 1972, economics at Frankfurt am Main and Marburg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1980 with a thesis entitled Der Entwicklungswegdes Irak. From 1973 to 1980, he was an assistant at the Universitat Marburg. He subsequently became a free-lance research fellow in Deutsches Orient-Institut, Hamburg. Notes; Thesis Shoufani, Elias Shukri, born 1 April 1932 at Mi'iliya, Palestine, he was a graduate of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Princeton with a thesis entitled al-Riddah and the Muslim conquest of Arabia, a work which was published in 1973. DrAS, 1974 H; Selim Showish, Abdul-Aziz, 1872 or 6-1929 see Jawish, 'Abd al-'Aziz Shpak, Iraida Mikhailovna, born 7 June 1940 at Gzhatsk (Gagarin), Russia, she graduated in 1962 from the State Pedagogical Institute, Tashkent, and received her first degree in 1971 at Dushanbe with a thesis entitled Coepenennne» etbeencee» (netumyncxen) noeenne, 60-e eooe. She was joint editor of CpeoHuu Bocmo«;ucmopus, tpunonceun (1989). Miliband2 Shpil'kova, Vera Ivanovna, born 16 August 1923 at Ivanovo, Russia, she gained her first degree in 1952 at Moscow with a thesis entitled AMepuKaHcKue nnenu sexeeme Typu,uu nocne nepeot: uuooeot: aOUHbl 1919-1920 aa She was appointed a lecturer in 1960, and a professor in 1978, and was since 1952 attached to the State Pedagogical Institute, Moscow. Her writings include MMnepuanucmuvecse» nonumuxe CiliA a omnotuenuu Typu,uu, 1915-1920 (1960), and she edited np06neMbl enympenmeti u eneuineo nonumuku MHOUU (1983), and she was joint editor of np06neMbl ucmopuu cmpen AcjJpuKu a KOHu,e XIX-XX aa (1982). Miliband; Miliband2 Shrivastava, Bhagwat Kumar, born in 1930, he was in 1980 a professor of American studies and head of the Centre for American and West European Studies at the School of International Studies, New Delhi. His writings include American government and politics (1980), and Neutrality and non-alignment in the 1990s (1991). LC; Note Shroder, John Ford, born 5 July 1939 at Troy, N.Y., he graduated in 1961 from Union College, and received a Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of Utah with a thesis entiled Land slides of Utah. He was a lecturer at the University of Malawi, Zomba, from 1967 to 1969, when he was appointed a professor at the Department of Geography and Geology in the University of Nebraska, Ohama, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include the booklet, Afghanistan, background and status of global crisis (1980), and he was joint editor of Rock glaciers (1987). Master (2); NatFacDr,1995; Private; WhoMW, 1992/93 Shtein, Viktor Moritsevich, born in 1890, he gained a doctorate in 1936.

His writings include

3KOHOMUlIeCKafi nonumuke (1922), ryaHb-u,3bl (1959), and 3KoHoMulIecKue U KynbmypHble cessu Me>Koy KumaeM UMHoHeu a opeaHocmu (1960). He died 9 November 1964. Miliband; Miliband2 Shteinberg, Evgenii L'vovich, born in 1902 in the Ukraine, he gained a doctorate in 1941 at Moscow with a thesis entitled Ocm-MHouuCKUU eonpoc a snoxy cjJpaHu,y3cKou 6yp>Kya3epu peeomouuu. His writings include MHOUFI (1930), OllepKu ucmopuu TypKMeHuu (1934), Hoes» ucmopun 3aaUCUMblX U KonOHuanbHblX cmpen (1939), Coeemcxo-uoencsue omnoiuenun (1947), and hcmopu» 6pumaHcKou eepeccuuHa CpeoHeM Bocmoxe (1951). He died 30 May 1960. Miliband; Miliband2 Shubat, Ibrahim see Shbat, Ibrahim Shuiskii, Sergei Aleksandrovich, born 14 April 1945, he emigrated to the United States in 1978, and in the following year was a professor of Slavic studies at the University of Pittsburgh. He was joint author of nucamenu Eeunme, XX eexe (1975). He died in Washington, D.C., 19 August 1986. LC Shuja, Sharif Mohammd, fl. 1976-77, he was a research scholar and editor of the New generation, Karachi. Shukairy, Ahmed, 1908-1980 see Shuqayri, Ahmad alShukman, Ann, fl. 1960, her writings include Literature and semiotics (1977), and she was joint editor of General semiotics (1976). LC Shukurov, Aliisa Dzhabrail oglu, fl. 1966, he was joint author of Gadim turk iazyly abldalarlnin dili (1976). LC Shukurov, Muhammadjon Sharipovich, born 30 October 1926 at Bukhara, he graduated in 1945 from the State Pedagogical Institute, Dushanbe, and received a doctorate in 1969. His writings include MoeuHo-xyoO>KeCmaeHHble ocotiennocmu "BocnoMuHaHuu" C. AUHu (1966), and 06HoaneHue; maO>KUKCKafi npose ceeoou» (1986). EST; Miliband2 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Shulman, Frank Joseph, born 20 September 1943 at Boston, Mass., he was a Harvard graduate who received an M.A. in East Asian studies in 1968, and an M.A. in library science in 1969 from the University of Michigan. In 1964-65 he was a non-degree graduate student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Since 1976 he was a curator and head of the East Asian collection in the University of Maryland Libraries, College Park, Md. His writings include Doctoral dissertations on South Asia, 19661970 (1971), American and British doctoral dissertations on Israel and Palestine in modern times (1973), and since 1976 he edited Doctoral dissertations on Asia. ConAu 29-32, new rev., 12; Private; WhoE, 1979/80-1986/87; WhoEmL, 1987/88; WhoLibl, 1982

Shumovskii, Teodor Adamovich, born in 1913 at Zhitomir, Ukraine, he graduated in 1946 from Leningrad State University, and received a doctorate in 1967 with a thesis entitled Apa6b/ u Mope. He was attached to the Geographical Society of the USSR. His writings include Y MOpfi apa6ucmuKu (1975), Bocnouunenun apa6ucma (1977), no cneoaM CUHo6aoa-Mopexooa (1986), and he edited and translated from the Arabic of Ahmad ibn Majid al-Sa'di, Knuee noma 06 ocnoeex u npaaunax MOpCKOiJ neyru (1984-85). Krachkovskii, p. 266; Miliband; Mlliband" al-Shuqayri (Shukairy), Ahmad Asad, born in 1908 at Acre, Palestine, he studied at A.U.B., and received a doctorate in law from Jerusalem Law School. From 1945 to 1948 he was chairman of the Jerusalem Bar. During the 1950s he was founder of the Palestine Liberation Organization, and in 1960 represented Saudi Arabia at the United Nations. He later headed the Syrian delegation to the U.N. and served as assistant secretary-general of the Arab League. After the end of his political career in 1967, he lived in Lebanon. His writings include Liberation, not negotiation (1966), Territorial and historical waters in international law (1967), his memoirs, Mudhakkirat (1973), and Khurafat YahadTyah (1981). He died in Amman in 1980. AnObit, 1980, pp. 139-40; NYT, 27 February 1980, B-5, col. 4; WhoArab,1967/68 Shurinova, Raisa Dmitirevna, born 1 March 1927 in the Ukraine, she graduated in 1951 in fine art from Moscow State University, and subsequently was affiliated with the State Museum of Pictorial Art, Moscow, until 1979. Her writings include Konmcsue mKaHU (1967). Miliband 2 Shushtery, Aga Mahomed Abbas, fl. 1936, he was a professor of Iranian language and literature. His writings include Outlines of Islamic culture (Bangladore, 1938). NUC, pre-1956 Shuster, James Robert, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled Recruitment and training in the Moroccan civil service. Selim Shuttleworth, Sir Digby Inglis, born in 1876, he was president of the Allied Commission of Control at the Ottoman War Office, 1920, and brigade commander of the Allied Forces of Occupation, Constantinople. He died in 1948. Riddick; Who,1929-1948; Who was who, 4 Shvakov, Andrei Vasil'evich, born 26 December 1920 in Belorussia, he received his first degree in 1970 with a thesis on modern Yemen. He spent many years in the Middle East and North Africa as a correspondent. His writings include Cpa)/(alOUJ,uiJcfl OMaH (1957), 50pb6a se neseeucuuocms JO)/(HOU Apaauu (1967), and np06y)/(OeHUe Apaauu (1969), 5u6nuoapaepufl cmpen JO)/(HOU u Bocmounoi) Apaauu (1989), and he was joint author of Hesseucuuut: Eeunem (1956). He died on 7 November 1994. Mlliband" Shwadran, Benjamin, born 12 September 1907 at Jerusalem, he received a Ph.D. in 1956 from Clark University with a thesis entitled The Middle East, oil and the great powers. His writings include Middle East oil; issues and problems (1977). Au&W, 1971; ConAu 13-16, new rev. 5; Selim; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978 Siassi, Ali Akbar, 1274/1896- see Siyasi, 'Ali Akbar Sibert, Marcel, born 26 January 1884 at Rouen, he received doctorates for his theses entitled Le premier ministre en Angle terre , and Le concours comme mode juridique de recruitement de la fonction publique. From 1922 to his retirement in 1954 he was successively a professor of international public law at Rennes, lilies, and Paris. For over thirty years he was an editor of the Revue generale de droit international public. His many writings include La condition des etrangers devant Ie droit international (1955), and La justice internationale (1955). He died in Bernay (Normandie), 9 October 1957. LC Sicard, Augustin, l'abbe, born 24 April 1844 at Saint-Pierre-de-Trivisy (Tarn), he was educated at Ecole des Carmes, and Seminaire de Saint-Sulpice. He entered the priesthood in 1871 at SaintBernard-de-Ia-Chapelle. He was chanoine honoraire at Paris, and cure at Saint-Pierre-de-Chaillot. His writings include L'eaucetion morale et civique avant et pendant la Revolution, 1700-1808 (1884), and A la recherche o'une religion civile (1895). He died in 1931. NUC, pre-1956; Quiefes-vous, 1924 Sicard, Felix, fl. 19th cent., his writings include Lettre sur I'Orient (Le Havre, 1854), and Simples notes sur t'Ametique centrale (Paris, 1863). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Sicard, Herve, born early 20th cent., his writings include La revolution legale (Paris, 1972). In the 1960s he wrote the commentaries to the Textes legis/atifs et circulaires concernant Ie service des affaires toncieres for the Tunisian Secretariat d'etat a I'agriculture. NUC, 1973-77 von Sicard, Sigvard, born early 20th cent., his writings include The Lutheran Church on the coast of Tanzania, 1887-1914 (Uppsala, 1970), and he was joint author of Kortfattad swahili-svensk ordbok (Uppsala, 1973). LC Sicault, Georges Pierre Louis, born in 1905, he received a medical doctorate in 1929 at Bordeaux for Les Apophysites des os longs des membres. His writings include La sante publique (1954). BN; LC Sice, Francols Eugene, born in 1816, he was a commissaire of the navy. His writings include Lois menometens, ou, Recueil des us et coutumes des Mahometans etablis dans la presque'i1e de I'Inde (Pondichery, 1834), and Essai sur la constitution de la propriete du sol, de I'imp6t foncier et des divers modes de perception de cet imp6t dans I'Inde (Pondichery, 1866). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Sichermann, Harvey, 20th cent., his writings include The Yom Kippur war; end of an illusion? (1976), and Palestinian autonomy, self-government, peace (1993). LC Siciliani, Domenico, born 1 May 1879 at Ciro, Italy, he was educated at the military colleges of Modena and Torino and advanced to the rank of general. He participated in the Italian campaigns against Tripolitania, and in 1928 became vice-governor of Cyrenaica. His writings include Fra gli Italiani degli Stati Uniti d'America (1922), and Paesaggi libici (1934). He died in Roma on 6 May 1938. Chi

e,

1936; IndBI (1); Rivista delle colonie 12 (1938), pp. 748-749

Sick, Gary Gordon, born 4 April 1935 at Beloit, Kan., he served on the U.S. National Security Council staff under presidents Ford, Carter, and Reagan, capping a twenty-four year career in the U.S. Navy as an analyst of political and military affairs. He was principal presidential assistant for Iran during the Iranian revolution and the hostage crisis, 1979-1981. He received his doctorate in 1973 from Columbia University, where in 1991 he was a professor of Middle East politics. Concurrently he was responsible for U.S. foreign policy at the Ford Foundation. His writings include All fall down; America's tragic encounter with Iran (1985). ConAu 144; WhoE, 1991/92; WhoFI, 1992/93, 1994/95 Sickenberger, Ernest, he was a natural scientist residing in Cairo in 1891. His writings include Die einfachen Arzneistoffe der Araber im 13. Jahrhundert christ/icher Zeitrechnung (Wien, 1895). Sezgin Sicking, Thom, fl. 1973, he received a doctorate in 1977 from the Universite de Paris V with a thesis entitled Religion et aevetopoement; etude comparative d'un village chretlen et d'un village musulman chi'ite au Liban. His writings include Religion et aevetoppemen: (Beyrouth, 1984). THESAM, 3 Sid, Edgar, fl. 1974, his writings include Les derniers Juifs d'Egypte (Beyrouth, 1973).

NUC, 1973-77

Sidarouss, Sesostris, born in 1873 or 74 at Alexandria, Egypt, he studied law at Cairo and Paris, and received a doctorate in 1906 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Des patriarcats; les patriarcats dans I'Empire ottoman et soecletement en Egypte. Since 1916 he was a professor at I'Ecole sultanieh de droit du Caire, and for over thirty-six years a member of the Societe sultanieh d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation. In 1923 he entered the Egyptian diplomatic service and represented his country in London and Washington. His writings include Les maglis hasby et les institutions correspondantes patriarcales ou rabbiniques en Egypte (1910-12). He died in 1964. Bulletin de la Societe d'archeologie copte 18 (1965/66), p. 330; WhAm, 3

Sidarus, Adel Yussef, he received a Dr.phil. in 1975 from the Universitat MOnchen with a thesis entitled Ibn ar-Rahibs Leben und Werk, ein koptisch-arabischer Enzyklopadist. He was the editor of the proceedings of the first congress of the Union europeenne des arabisants et islamisants held in 1982 at Evora, Portugal, and entitled Islao e arabismo en terra lusitana. LC Siddiqi, Akhtar Husain, born 20 April 1925 at Budaun, India, he graduated in 1946 from the University of Aligarh, and received a Ph.D. in 1959 from the University of London. Since 1964 he was a professor of geography at Indiana State University, Terre Haute. ConAu 61-64; IWWAS, 1975/76; Master (2) Siddiqi, Mohammed Raziuddin, born 2 January 1905 or 1908, he received a doctorate in 1932 from the Universitat Leipzig for Zur Theorie der nichtlinearen partiellen Differentialgleichungen vom parabolischen Typus. He was a founding member, and a sometime secretary, of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, and a professor emeritus of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. He wrote History of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences (1979). IntWW, 1974-1993/94; Master (2); WhoWor, 1974-1989/90 Siddiqui, Bakhtyar Husain, born in 1926, he graduated in 1945 from Christ Church College, Cawnpore, India, and subsequently gained M.A. degrees in philosophy and law from Aligarh Muslim UniverWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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sity. After partition, he went to Pakistan, where he joined the educational service of the Government of the Punjab, and subsequently became a professor of philosophy at Government College, Lahore. Note

Siddons, Joachim Hayward, 1800-1885 see Stocqueler, Joachim Hayward Sidebottom, John K., fl. 1955, he was affiliated with the Postal History Society. His writings include The overland mail; a postal historical study of the mail route to India (London, 1948). NUC, pew-1956 Sidgwick, Ethel, born in 1877 at Rugby, she was educated at Oxford, and became a novelist. She died in 1970. Britlnd (2); Master (11); Who, 1948-1970; Who was who, 6 Sidorov, Mikhail Arkad'evich, born 17 August 1933 at Vladivostok, he graduated in 1969 from the Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow, and received his first degree in the same year with a thesis entitled np06neMb/ peseumus cenecsoxoseticmeennoeo ttpouseoocmee a Ftexucmene. He spent 1960-61 in India, and was from 1964 affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. He was joint author of tteeucmen - mpyoHb/{} nym» peseumus (1979). Miliband 2 Sidorova, Efrosin'ia Sergeevna, fl. 1972, her writings include uyeeiuceue neaeHob/ u CKa3KU; neoeeoo ceuene tllypmekoee (Cheboksary, 1979), and she was joint editor of '-IyaawcKu{} fl3b/K u numepamypa (1975), '-IyaawcKu{} fl3b/K u numepamypa; C60pHUK cmemea (1976), and 0 uyesiucxot) numepamype (1977). LC; aSK Siebeck, Gustav Hermann, born 29 September 1842 at Eisleben, Saxony, he studied philosophy and philology at Leipzig and Berlin, obtaining two doctorates at the Universitat Halle in 1872. He was a provincial school teacher, before he successively became a professor at the universities of Basel and Gie~en, where he died 26 December 1920. His writings include Geschichte der Psychologie (188084), Lehrbuch der Religionsphilosophie (1893), Aristoteles (1899), and its translations, Arystoteles (Warszawa, 1903), and Arist6teles (Madrid, 1930). DtBE; NUC, 1956 Siebert, Wilbur Henry, born in 1866, he was a professor emeritus of history at Ohio State University, where he began his teaching career in 1891. He was elected fellow of the Royal Historical Society and the Institut historique et heraldique, His writings include The underground railroad from slavery to freedom (1898), and he edited the History of the Ohio State University (1920-1959). He died on 2 September 1961. Master (4); NatCAB, vol. 13, p. 88, vol. 49, p. 471; WhAm, 4 Sieblist, Otto, born 19th cent., he belonged to the higher echelon of the Prussian postal service. His writings include Die Post im Auslande, 3d ed. (Berlin, 1900), Das Postwesen, 2d ed. (Leipzig, 1918), and Das Telegraphen- und Fernsprechwesen, 2d ed. (Leipzig, 1918). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Sieburg, Friedrich, born 18 May 1893 at Altena, Germany, he studied philosophy, history, and economics from 1912 to 1914. After war-time service in France, he received a Dr.phil. in 1920, and subsequently lived as a free-lance writer and journalist in Berlin until 1924, when he became a foreign correspondent to the Frankfurter Zeitung in Kebenhavn, Oslo, Paris, and London. He was attached to the German military government in France from 1940 to 1942 when, after differences with his authority, he returned to his newspaper post. An authority on French affairs and an advocate of Franco-German understanding, he was one of the most influencial publicists of the 1950s. His writings include Gott in Frankreich? Ein Versuch (1929), and the translations, Is God a Frenchman? or, The gospel of Sf. Joan (1931), and Visage de la France en Afrique (1939). He died in 1964. DtBE; Master (1) Siecke (Sike), Heinrich (Henry), born in 1669 at Bremen, he is known to have studied in 1704 at Utrecht, and later became Regius professor of Hebrew and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He edited the Arabic Evangelium infantice Christi, ex arabico translatum (1703). He died in 1712. Aa; BLC Siedentop, Irmfried, born 2 April 1902 at Hohenwestedt, Holstein, he was a geographer who received doctorates in 1928 from Munchen for Rhongebirge, and in 1931 from Halle for Eisenbahngeographie der Schweiz. He subsequently became from 1931 to 1940 a lecturer in economic geography at the Universitat Halle. He was a founding editor of Geographische Wochenschrift as well as Zeitschrift fur Erdkunde.

KOrschner, 1935-1940/411

Sieger, Robert, born 8 March 1864 at Wien, where he received all his education. He studied history, Oriental, particularly Indo-Iranian, languages, and geography, gaining a doctorate in 1886 with a thesis entitled Wann entstand der Schatt el Arab. He was a lecturer in geography at Wien from 1894 to 1905 when he succeeded to the chair of geography at Graz, a post which he held to his death in 1926. His writings include Der osterreichische Staatsgedanke und seine geographischen Grundlagen (1918). He was an honorary member of Geographische Gesellschaft, Wien. KOrschner, 1925, 1926; Werist's, 1909-1922 Siegfried, Andre, born 21 April 1875 at Le Havre, he was educated at the Sorbonne and appointed a professor in 1911 at Ecole des sciences politiques, and became in 1933 a professor at the College de Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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France. In 1944 he became a member of the Acadernle francaise. Since 1945 he was a regular contributor to Ie Figaro. His writings include La crise britannique aux XX. siecle (1931), its translation, England's crisis (1931), Suez, Panama et les routes maritimes mondiales (1940), its translation, Suez and Panama (1940), Vue qenerele de la Mediterranee (1943), and its translation, The Mediterranean (1947). He died in Paris, 29 March 1959. DBFC, 1954/55; Master (7); ObitT, 1951, p. 645; Who was who, 5;

WhoFr, 1953/54-1959/60

Siegman, Henry, born 12 December 1930 in Germany, he was since 1942 educated at Jewish institutions in New York. He was a rabbi, and from 1959 to 1964 executive secretary of the American Association for Middle East Studies. BioHbDtE; Master (39; WhoRel, 1985, 1992/93; WhoAm, 1974-1987/88 Sienkiewicz, Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius, born 5 May 1846 at Wola Ohrzejska, Poland, he was a writer who was awarded the Nobel prize in literature in 1905. His Quo vadis has been translated into nearly every modern language. His travels took him to most of the European countries and even into central Africa. He died in 1916. AnaBrit; CasWL; CIDMEL; ConAu 104,134; Dziekan; EncAm; GSE; KazakSE,

vol. 10, pp. 130-131; Master (24); PSB

Sieny, Mahmoud E/lsma'il, born 20th cent., he wrote The syntax of urban Hijazi Arabic (1978), a work which was originally presented as a doctoral thesis at Georgetown University in 1972. Selim Sierakowski, Adam, born 21 February 1846 at Waplewo, Poland, he was a linguist, Orientalist, traveller, and geologist. His writings include Das Schaui; ein Beitrag zur berberischen Sprachen- und Volkerkunde (1871), and Listy z podr6ty; podr6t na Krym, Kaukaz i do Tunisu (Warszawa, 1911). He died at his place of birth on 12 March 1912. Dziekan; PSB Sieroszewski, Wastaw (Wenceslas) Kajetan, born in 1858 at W61ka Koztowka, Poland, he was exiled for twelve years to Yakuts Province. He later travelled in the Caucasus. In 1933 he became president of the Polish Academy of Literature. His writings include flKymcKue pa3cKa3bl (St. Petersburg, 1895). He died in 1945. CasWL; GSE; Master (1); PSB de Sierra Ochoa, Alfonso, born 20th cent., he gained a doctorate in architecture. In 1956 he was affiliated with the Instituto General Franco de Estudios e Investigaci6n Hispano-Arabe, and in 1992 was a professor of architecture, with special reference to Spanish-North African architecture, at the Escuela T. S. de Arquitectura in the Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona. His writings include Forja marroquf; teorfa de la voluta (Tetuan, 1956), and EI plano de la ciudad de Tetuen (Madrid, 1960). Arabismo, 19921; EURAMES, 1993; LC

Siewert, Horst Henning, born 28 July 1942 at Linz, Austria, he studied engineering and architecture at Berlin. In his student days he participated in excavations of the German Archaeological Institute, Istanbul, in Iran, an experience which also comprised travels in Iran and Afghanistan. In 1977 he became an academic staff member of Deutsches Archaoloqisches Institut, Baghdad. In the following year he received a Dr.ing. at Technische Hochschule, Hannover, with a thesis entitled Bedeutung der Stadtbahn far die Berliner Stadtentwicklung im 19. Jahrhundert. Thesis Sigerist, Henry Ernest, born 7 April 1891 at Paris of Swiss parents, he studied in 1910/11 Oriental languages at ZOrich and London, followed by medicine at ZOrich and MOnchen. After completing two doctorates, he was successively a professor of history and/or sociology of medicine at ZOrich, Leipzig, Baltimore, Md., and New Haven, Conn. His writings include Einfahrung in die Medizin (1930), its translation, Man and medicine (1932), Grol3e Arzte (1932), its translation, The great doctors (1933), Civilization and disease (1943), and On the history of medicine (1960). He died in Pura (Tessin), 17 March 1957. CurBio, 1940, 1957; DAB S 6; DtBE; GSE; Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences 13 (1958),

pp.200-211; KOrschner,1926-1935; NatCAB, vol. 46, pp. 436-37; Werist's, 1935; WhoSwi, 1950/51

Siggel, Alfred Karl Gustav Johannes, born 15 August 1884 at Berlin, he was an elementary school teacher from 1905 to 1911 and later studied mathematics and natural sciences at Berlin where he gained a doctorate in 1913 with a thesis entitled Thermodynamische Untersuchungen am Kupfersulfat. He was successively a secondary school teacher and a municipal social democrat politician in Berlin from 1911 to 1933 when he returned to university to study Oriental languages. In 1941 he was commissioned by the Preul1ische Akademie der Wissenschaften to compile the Katalog der arabischen alchemistischen Handschriften Deutschlands (1949-1956). It was only after the war that he became a professor at Berlin. For political reasons he moved to Mainz where he worked for the newly established Mainzer Akademie der Wissenschaften since 1 April 1950. His writings include Arabischdeutsches Worterbuch der Stoffe aus den drei Naturreichen, die in arabischen alchemistischen Handschriften vorkommen (1950), Handschriften der ehema/s Herzogl. Bibliothek zu Gotha (1950), and he translated Die indischen Bacher aus dem Paradies der Weisheit tiber die Medizin des 'Ali ibn Sahl Rabban at-Tabari (1950). He died in Mainz on 23 February 1959. DtBE; KOrschner, 1950, 1954; Wer

ist wer, 1948; ZDMG 110 (n.F. 35,1960), pp. 8-14

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Sigler, Jackson L., he was in 1962 a director, American Friends of the Middle East, Iran.

Note

Sigmund, Carl Ludwig, Ritter von lIanor, born in 1810 at Scha~burg, Transylvania, he studied medicine at Wien and Prag, and received two medical doctorates. After his formal education, he visited Germany, France, Belgium, and England in 1841 on a government travel grant. He specialized in surgery, obstetrics, and ophthalmology, but is best remembered for his researches in veneral diseases and epidemics. On his return to Wien, he became head of department at Vienese hospitals. He died in 1883 in Italy. ADtB, vol. 34, pp. 300-301; DtBE; DtBilnd (3); Wurzbach, vol. 34, pp. 272-274 Signell, Karl Lloyd, born 23 September 1933 at Lancaster, Wisc., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from the University of Washington with a thesis entitled The Turkish makam system in contemporary theory and practice. He became a professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, and served as executive secretary to the Center for Turkish Music, University of Maryland, Baltimore. His writings include Makam, modal practice in Turkish art music (1977). IntWWM, 1990, 1992/93 Signoles, Pierre, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1984 from the Universite de Paris I with a thesis entitled L'Espace tunisienne; capital et etat-region. In 1978, he was an assistant in geography at the Universite de Poitiers, and in 1993, a professor at Tours. He was joint author of Tunis; evolution et fonctionnement de I'espace urbain (1980), Les nouvelles formes de la mobilite spatiale dans Ie monde arabe (1995), and he was joint editor of L'urbain dans Ie monde arabe (1999). EURAMES, 1993; THESAM, 2

Sigonney, Louis, born 3 February 1877 at Bourogne (Haut-Rhin). After passing through the military college of St-Maixent, which he had entered in 1900, he received a commission as sous-Iieutenant on 1 April 1901. He served with the Bureau des Affaires indigenes d'Algerie from 1906 to 1913, and from 1917 to 1922. In 1928 he was appointed head of the preparatory course at the Bureau des Affaires. During his time of service he was the officer who knew best the Algerian South, the Sahara and Touareg country, where he had penetrated as far as the French Soudan. He made automobile reconnaissances and supported also the first airplanes. In 1927 he rose to the rank of lieutenantcolonel; he was officier de la Legion d'honneur. Peyronnet, p. 609 Sigrist, Christian, born 23 March 1935, he received a Dr.phil. in 1965 with a thesis entitled Segmentare Gesellschaften; Untersuchung zur "regulierten Anarchie. tt Since 1971 he was a professor and director, Institut fur Soziologie in the Unlversitat MOnster. He was a political activist. His writings include Regulierte Anarchie (1979). Das RufJlandbild des Marquis de Gustine (1990), and he was joint editor of Ethnologische Texte zum Alten Testament (1989). KOrschner,1976-19921; Private Sigwarth, Georges. fl. 1947, he was a sometime colonial officer in Colomb-Becher, and affiliated with the Institut de recherches sahariennes de l'Universite d'Alger. His writings include Le palmier a Djanet; etude Iinguistique (1951). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Sikaliev, Ashim Imam-Mazemovich, fl. 1970, his writings include Ajt desen-iz ajtajyim ... cume, cnoto ... (Cherkess, 1971). aSK

= Ecnu npo-

Sike, Henry, 1669-1712 see Siecke, Heinrich Sikharulidze, Eteri Titovna, born 20 December 1926 at Batum, she graduated in 1949 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis, and received her first degree in 1954 at Tiflis with a thesis entitled Kuma6 anxepeo»: From 1966 to 1988 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Georgian Academy of Science as a lecturer. She died 15 February 1989. Miliband; Miliband2 Sikiric, Sacir fl. 1918, he gained a doctorate in philosophy and became a professor of Arabic at Sarajevo. His writings include Grammatika arapskog jezika za nite razrede medresa i srednjik skola (Sarajevo, 1936), and Perziska hrestomatija (Sarajevo, 1955). Ko je ko, 1957 Sikoev, Ruslan Romanovich, born 3 March 1936 at Vladikavkaz (Ordzhonikidze), he graduated in 1959 from the Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow State University, and became a journalist, specializing in international affairs. He was in Afghanistan from 1968 to 1975, and in Iran, from 1979 to 1985. His writings include Firm friends for 60 years; sixty years of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Afghanistan (1979). Miliband 2 Siksek, Simon G., fl. 1960. Together with Albert Y. Badre, he published Manpower and oil in Arab countries (Beirut, AUB, 1960). Sikstulis, IAnis Petrovich, born 6 April 1946 at Riga, he graduated in 1971 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad. He spent 1969-70 in Egypt on a scholarship. From 1971 to 1973, he was attached to the Military Institute for Foreign Languages, and from 1975 to 1990, to the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad. Miliband2

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Silagadze, Apollon Apollonovich, born 29 May 1942 at Tiblisi, he graduated in 1964 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis State University, and received his first degree in 1975 at Tiflis with. a thesis entitled Coepenennue apa6cKue cmuxu. Miliband2 Silajzic, Alija 0., born 1 January 1909 at Podgora, Croatia, he was educated at Sarajevo and received a doctorate in law in 1940 at Beograd with a thesis entitled Testamenat u seriatskom pravu. His writings include Razvojne tendencije nese prodice (Sarajevo, 1973). JugoslSa, 1970; Thesis Silberberg, Bruno, born 2 April 1886 at Breslau, Prussia, he grew up and studied at his home town where he also received a Dr.phil. in 1910 for Das Pflanzenbuch des Abu Hanifa ad-Dinawari. "He deserves credit for recognizing the originality and importance of Abu Hanifah's al-Nabat." (F. Sezgin).

Thesis

Silberman, Leo, born in 1915 or 8 at Frankfurt, Germany, he was a sometime visiting associate professor at the University of Chicago. His writings include Crisis in Africa (1947), Analysis of society (1951), and Horn of Africa; bibliography and index by Jan Wepsiec (1969). He died in 1960. Au&Wr, 1971; Note; NUC, 1968-72

Silbermann, Gad, fl. 1972, his writings include Revolutionism and Arab socialism; a study of the ideology and policy of Arab socialist regimes (Jerusalem, 1973). LC Silberstein, Gerard Edward, born 19 August 1926 at Cleveland, Ohio, he graduated in 1951 from the University of California, Berkeley, and received a Ph.D. in 1962 from Harvard with a thesis entitled German-Austrian relations, 1914-1916. Since 1971 he was a professor of European history at the University of Kentucky. His writings include The troubled alliance; German-Austrian relations, 19141917 (1970). ConAu 37-40; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H Silbert, Gerald, fl. 1978, he was affiliated with the Practising Law Institute, New York. He edited Tax shelters (1975). WhoAmL, 1979 (not seen) SiI'chenko, Mitrofan Semenovich, born 20 April 1898 at Voronezh, Ukraine, he gained a doctorate in 1958, and a professorship in 1959. He was a Kazakh scholar whose writings include Teop4ecKafl6uoepetpu» A6afl (1957), and Kesexcxe« coeemcsennumepamypa Ha coepeMeHHoM smene (1962). He died in Almaty, 9 December 1970. Index Islamicus (1); KazakSE, vol. 10, p. 157 de Silguy, Yves Thibault Christian Marie, born 22 July 1948 at Rennes, he graduated from Ecole nationale d'administration, and became a government official. WhoFr, 1989/90-2003/2004 Silier, Oya, he gained a doctorate and became a professor and was affiliated with Bogazigi Oniversitesi Idari Bilimler FakOltesi Ekonomi BalOmO Ogretim. His writings include TOrkiye'de tanmsal yeptmn geli§imi, 1923-1938 (lstanbul, 1981). TB,1981 Silin, Aleksandr Samoilovich, born 5 October 1912 at Warszawa, he graduated in 1937 from the Faculty of History at Leningrad, and gained a doctorate in 1968 with a thesis entitled Boennononumuweceen 3KcnaHCUFI eepuenceceo uuneouenusue Ha 5n>KHOM Bocmose. His writings include 3KcnaHcufi Feouenuu Ha 5nU>KHOM Bocmose e KOH~e XIX eeKa (1971), and 3KcnaHcufi eepuenceoeo uunepuenusue Ha5n>KHOM Bocmose (1976). Miliband2 Silla, Ousmane, born 3 February 1937 at Dakar, he studied from 1960 to 1967 at Paris, and was for one year a professor of sociology at Dakar University, before he successively became a professor at the Universite de Quebec, and the University of Edmonton, Alta. He was a sometime collaborator with the Institut fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Dakar. AfrBiolnd (1); AfricaWW,1996; Note Sillani, Tomaso, born 25 March 1888 at Otricoli (Umbria), he was a journalist whose writings include Capisaldi (1918), L'ltalia e I'Oriente medio ed estremo (1935), L'impero (A.O.I.); studi e documenti (1937), and he edited Libia in venti anni di occupazione italiana (1932), L'Affrica orientale italiana (1933), and L'ltalia e iI Levante (1934). cu « 1928-1961; Vaccaro; Rovito; Wholtaly, 1958 Sillery, Anthony, born 19 April 1903 at Rangoon, Burma, he graduated in 1924 from 81. John's College, Oxford, where he gained his D.Phil. in 1962. He was an administrative officer in the U.K. Colonial Service from 1925 to 1947, and was posted to Tanganyika, Tripolitania, and Cyrenaica. From 1957 to 1970 he taught African languages at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies. His writings include The Bechuanaland Protectorate (1952), Sechele; the story of an African chief (1954), Africa; a social geography (1961), and Botswana; a short political history (1974). He died 5 March 1976. ConAu 5-8, 6568, new rev. 5; Who was who, 7

da Silva, Jose Gentil, fl. 1979 at the Universite de Nice, his writings include Alguns elementos para a hist6ria de comercio da India de Portugal (1950), Strategies des affaires a Lisbonne (1956), MarchanWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

394 dises et finances (1959), En Espagne; developpement economique, subsistance, declin (1965), and Banque de credit en Italie au XVlle siecie (1969). LC

Silva, Maria Madalena de Cagigal, fl. 1972, her writings include A arte indo-portuguesa (Lisboa, 1966). Silver, Abba Hillel, born 28 January 1893 at Sirvintos, Lithuania, he was educated at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, and received a doctorate in divinity from the Hebrew Union College. He was a rabbi at Cleveland, Ohio, from 1917 to his death on 28 November 1963. CnDiAmJBi; ConAu 1-4; DAB; EncJud; Master (5); NatCAB, vol. 50, p. 614; WhAm, 4

Silvera, Alain, born 19 September 1930 at Alexandria, Egypt, he graduated in 1952 from Cornell University, and received a Ph.D. in 1962 from Harvard. In 1956/57 he did graduate studies at l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris. From 1961 to his retirement he taught history at Bryn Mawr College, Pa.

Con Au 21-24; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995

Silvera, Victor, born 26 December 1911 at Sousse, Tunisia, he studied law at Alger and Lyon, where he received a doctorate in 1939 with a thesis entitled Le regime legislatif d'un protectorat de droit international. He was attached to the Residence generale de France a Tunis from 1936 to 1955, and since 1957 was an administrator in metropolitan France. He also served as a lecturer at the Institut des hautes etudes de Tunis, l'Ecole tunisienne d'administration, and the Faculte de droit et des sciences economlques de Paris. His writings include Les reformes institutionnelles tunisiennes (1954). He died 24 April 1974. WhoFr, 1969/70-1973/74 Silverburg, Sanford Robert, born 14 December 1940 at Schenectady, N.Y., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from the American University with a thesis entitled Organization and violence; the Palestinian Arab nationalistic response, 1920-1948. He was a professor of political science at colleges and universities in North Carolina. His writings include Middle East bibliography (1992), and he was joint author of United States foreign policy and the Middle East and North Africa; a bibliography of 20th century research (1990), and Asian states' relations with the Middle East and North Africa; a bibliography, 1950-1993 (1994). AmM&WS, 1978 S; ConAu 143; Selim Silverfarb, Daniel Nolan, born 10 December 1943, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled British relations with Ibn Saud of Najd, 1914-1919. His writings include Britain's informal empire in the Middle East; a case study of Iraq, 1929-1941 (1986). LC; Selim Silverstein, Theodore, born 11 October 1904 at Liverpool, he graduated in 1926 from Harvard, where he received a Ph.D. in 1930. He was a professor of English at Kansas City, before his appointment at the University of Chicago, a post which he held until his retirement in 1975. His writings include Vision sancti Pauli; the history of the Apocalypse in Latin, together with nine texts (1935). BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 106; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 E; Master (1); WhoAm, 1974-1978/79

Silvestre, Henri, fl. 1888, his writings include L'/sthme de Suez, 1854-1869, avec carte et pieces justificatives (Marseille, 1869), Impressions politiques (Marseille, 1871), and La retorme judiciaire d'Egypte devant i'Assembtee nationale (1875). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Silvestre, Hubert, fl. 1956, his writings include Le Ghronicon Sancti Laurentii Leodiensis (Louvain, 1952). NUC, pre-1956 Silvestre de Sacy, Antoine Isaac, born in 1758 at Paris, he was appointed in 1781 councillor in the Gour des monnaies, and was advanced in 1791 to commlsselre-qenerei in the same department. He had successively acquired all the Semitic languages, and as a civil servant he found time to make himself a great name as an Orientalist, the greatest of his day. In 1792 he retired from the public service and lived in close seclusion in a cottage near Paris until in 1795 he became professor of Arabic at the newly founded Ecole des langues orientales vivantes. In 1806 he added the duties of Persian professor to his old chair. In 1815 he became rector of the Unlversite de Paris, and after the second restoration he was active on the Commission de I'lnstruction publique.. He was secreteire perpetuel of the Acadernie des inscriptions from 1832 onwards. With Abel Rernusat he was joint founder of the Societe asiatique, and was inspector of oriental types at the Imprimerie royale. He died in 1838. DcBiPP; Egyptology; EncBrit; Encltaliana; FOck,pp. 140-57; GdeEnc; GDU; GSE; Index Islamicus (16); Pallas; RNL

Simakov, Georgii Nikolaevich, born 19 February 1942 in Kurgan Oblast, he graduated in 1966 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and received his first degree in 1979 with a thesis entitled 06w,ecmaeHHble epyHKLI,UU «upeusckux Hapoablx peseneuenuii. Since 1970 he was attached to the Institute of Ethnography in the Soviet Academy of Science, Leningrad. His writings include 06w,ecmaeHHble epyHKLI,UU «upeuscsux Hapoablx peseneuenuii a KOHLI,e XIX - nesene XX eexe (1984). Miliband2 ; Schoeberlein

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395

Simecek, Zdenek, born 20th cent., he was joint author of Gesks/ovenske prece 0 jazyce (Praha, 1972), Brnenske noviny a casopisy (Brno, 1976), and Geskas/avistika (1995). LC Simes, Dimitri Konstantin, born 17 October 1947 at Moscow, where he also gained his academic degrees. Since 1973 he was a professor of Soviet studies at a variety of American institutions, and concurrently a radio commentator. His writings include Soviet succession; leadership in transition (1978). Bioln 10; WhoAm, 1980-2001; WhoE, 1989/90, 1991/92

Simiot, Bernard, born 1 October 1906 at Paris, he studied at the Sorbonne and the Faculte de droit de Paris. He was a journalist who had a first-hand knowledge of North Africa, West Africa, and Egypt. After the war he was a founding director of the journal Hommes et mondes. His writings include Suez; 50 steeles d'histoire (1974). DBFC, 1954/55 Simmler, Otto, born 17 October 1933 at Graz, he studied law and received a doctorate. He was a sometime head of the press and information bureau at the Austrian federal chancellery in Wien. WhoAustria, 1982/831

Simmons, John, born in 1938, he was in 1995 a professor at the Department of Social Science, Fresno Pacific College, Calif. He edited Village and family; essays on rural Tunisia (Microfilm, 1974), Better schools; international lessons for reform (1983), and he was joint editor of Change in Tunisia; studies in the social sciences (1976). LC Simmons, John L., born 20th cent., he received a D.Phil. in 1966 from Oxford for Agricultural credit and associated variables; a north Syrian village, 1965. He was a field director of the Harvard North Africa Project from 1966 to 1968, before he successively became a research fellow at the Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies, and a lecturer in economics at Harvard University. Note; Sluglett Simmons, Lawrence Mark, born in 1852 at London, he was educated at City of London School, and in 1873 went to Breslau to complete his studies at the Rabbiner Seminar. In 1877 he became a rabbi at Manchester, where he died on 5 April 1900. He edited and translated The letter of consolation of Maimun ben Joseph (London, 1890). BLC; JewEnc Simmons, William Scranton, born 10 September 1938 at Providence, R.I., he graduated from Brown University with the class of 1960, and received a Ph.D. in 1967 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Seers and witches among the Badyaranke of Senegal. Since 1967 he was a professor of anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 121; Private Simoes, Joao Miguel dos Santos, born 17 July 1907 at Lisboa, he was an engineer and a lecturer. His writings include Tomar e a sua judaria (1943), and Os azulejos do oeco de Vila vicose (1945). He died in 1972. LC; Sampaio Simon, Artur, born 6 May 1938, he received a Dr.phil. in 1972 from the Universitat Hamburg with a thesis entitled Studien zur agyptischen Volksmusik. He became head of the Musikethnologie Abteilung in the Museum fur Volkerkunde, Berlin. KOrschner,1996; Schwarz Simon, Claude Gabriel, born 16 November 1799 at Rennes, he lost his father when still a child. He began his education at his home town and, on the invitation of his uncle, the Bishop of Grenoble, continued from 1813 to 1817 at the Seminaire de Grenoble, whence a lifelong literary interest originated. Upon his return to Rennes, he studied law and philosophy at the College royal, but before the completion his study at the Faculte de droit, another uncle urged him to go to Paris and prepare himself for the succession to the Rennes family furniture factory. Since 1826 he was resident in Nantes. This was the period when he began to publish his first translations from the English, and also came in contact with local editors and publishers. From 1830 to 1846 he became director and editorin-chief of Ie Breton. He was one of the founders of the Societe industrielle de Nantes. It is in the late 1840s that he began to pursue an interest in Central Asian and Oriental literatures. His writings include Observations recueillies en Angleterre en 1835 (1836), and Etude historique et morale sur Ie compagnonnate et sur quelques autres associations d'ouvriers (1853). He died 24 October 1860. Anna/es de /a Societe eceaemique de Nantes 31 (1860), pp. 445-456

Simon, Ernst Akiba (also Akiba Ernst), born 15 March 1899 at Berlin, he studied at Berlin, Frankfurt, and Heidelberg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1928 with a thesis entitled Ranke und Hegel. He went in 1928 to Palestine, where he pursued an academic career in education at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include Aufbau und Widerstand (1959). Wholsrael, 1966(67-1980/811 Simon, Fernand, born 19th cent., he was an engineer, and in 1933, director of the Fayoum Light Railway Company, Egypt. Note

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396

Simon, Gottfried K., born 23 May 1870 at Bielefeld, Germany, he studied theology, and was a missionary in Sumatra. He later served to his retirement in 1937 as a lecturer in missions at the Theologische Schule, Bethel. His writings include Islam und Christentum im Kampf um die Eroberung der animistischen Heidenwelt (1910), its translation, Mohammedaansche propaganda en Christlelijke zending in onze Oost (1912), The progress and arrest of Islam in Sumatra (1912), Die Welt des Islam und die neue Zeit (1925), Unter den Mohammedanern Sumatras (1926), Die Auseinandersetzung des Christentums mit der aul3erchristlichen Mystik (1930), Islam und Bolschewismus (1937), and Die Welt des Islam und ihre BerOhrung mit der Christenheit (1948). KOrschner, 1931-1940/41 Simon, Heinrich, born 26 May 1921 at Berlin. he gained two doctorates and became a professor of Judaic studies at Humboldt Universltat, Berlin. His writings include Die alte Stoa und ihr Naturbegriff (1956), and Ibn Khalduns Wissenschaft von der menschlichen Kultur (1959). KOrschner, 1992, 2001; Schwarz

Simon, Henri Joseph, born 23 February 1866 at Selestat (Bas-Rhin). After passing through the military college of St.-Cyr, he received a commission as sous-lieutenant, upon which he requested to be stationed in Algeria, where he then spent the years from 1897 to 1909 at the Service des affaires indigenes, the majority of this period in the Saharan territories (Boghar, Sidi-A"issa, El-Golea, and Sa"i da). After his promotion to battalion commander in 1909. he was soon transferred to Morocco. On account of his Algerian experience in solving native problems, he was put in charge of the Service des renseignements de la Chaouta. He participated in the French conquest of Morocco until 1916, when he saw action on the European battlefield. In the years until his retirement in 1928, he was a member of the Commission that negociated the Franco-Spanish border agreement in Morocco. His writings include Un officier d'Afrique; Ie commandant Verlet-Hanus (1930); together with J. Ladreit de Lacharriere and Maurice Bernard, he was joint-author of La pacification du Maroc, 1907-1934 (1936). He died on 15 May 1956. Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 440-444; Peyronnet, p. 585 Simon, Hermann, born 21 April 1949 at Berlin, he studied history and Oriental languages at Humboldt Universltat, Berlin, followed by graduate work in Oriental numismatics at Berlin as well as Praha. He received a Dr.phil. in 1975 with a thesis entitled Die sasanidischen Manzen des Fundes von Babylon; ein Teil des bei Koldeweys Ausgrabungen im Jahre 1900 gefundenen MOnzschatzes. His writings include Das Berliner Jadiscne Museum in der Oranienburger Stral3e (1983). BioB134; Schwarz Simon, Jean, born 24 September 1897 at Arion, Belgium, he entered the Compagnie de Jesus in 1915, and studied philosophy and theology at the College du Sacre-Cceur at Louvain, where he was ordained in 1928. He subsequently proceeded to Wien for special training in ecclesiastic history and Oriental languages. For some years he collaborated with the Bollandistes at Bruxelles. In 1932 he became a professor at the Institut pontifical, Roma. There, and at the Institut oriental, he taught Coptic and Ethiopic language and literature. He concurrently lectured in hagiography at the Pontificia Universita Gregoriana, Roma. On several occasions he visited Egypt. He died about 1964. Bulletin de la Societe d'archeologie copte 18 (1965/66), pp. 1-4

Simon, Manfred, born 4 March 1898 at NOrnberg, he studied political economy at ZOrich, and law at Bologna. He continued his study from 1924 to 1927 at Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1927 with a thesis entitled La valorisation des obligations en Allemagne comme consequence de la chute du mark papier. In 1933 he emigrated to France, where he was from 1949 to 1951 at the Conseil d'Etat. From 1951 to 1954 he was a staff member at the U.N. Human Rights' Division. In 1958 he was a judge at the Cour d'appel de Paris. In 1968 he settled in Switzerland as a counsellor. His trace is lost after a publication in 1980. BioHbDtE; DtBE; NUC, pre-1956 Simon, Marcel, born 19th cent., he was in 1912 a lieutenant with the first Regiment de Zouaves, and in 1919 he had been promoted captain. He translated from the English of John Henry Patterson, 18671947. Vers Constantinople; les Sionistes avec les forces anglo-franr;aises aux Dardanelles (1919). BN Simon, Max, born in 1863, he studied law at Breslau, and medicine at Leipzig and WOrzburg. After receiving a Dr.med. in 1888, he became an ophthalmologist at Hamburg. He was briefly resident in Cairo, before he began practising at Frankfurt. Failing health obliged him to renounce his profesion and begin to pursue Arabic studies at Kiel. He edited and translated Sieben Bacher Anatomie des Galen (1906). He spent the last years of his life at Roma, where he died on 16 May 1909. DtBiln (1); FOck,324

Simon, Reeva S., born 20th cent., she received a Ph.D. in 1982 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Iraq between the wars; the creation and implementation of a nationalist ideology. In 1991 she was a staff associate at the Middle East Institute, Columbia University. Her writings include The modern Middle East; a guide to research tools in the social sciences (1978), Iraq between the two

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397 world wars (1986), The Middle East in crime fiction (1989), and she edited The Middle East and North Africa; essays in honorofJ. C. Hurewitz (1990). LC; MESA Roster of members, 1990; Selim2 Simon, Robert, born 23 June 1939 at Paris, his writings include Az iszlam keletkezese (1967), A mekkai kereskedelem kia/akulasa esjellege (1975), Ignaz Goldziher, his life and scholarship as reflected in his works and correspondence (1986), and a Hungarian translation of the Koran Koran (1987). MagyarNKK, 1992-2000

Simonde de Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard, born 9 May 1773 at Geneve, he was an economist and historian. He died in Geneve on 25 June 1842. DcBiPP; Hoefer; IndBFr2 (8); IndBI (5); Master (2); NUC, pre-1956; WhoEc, 1983, 1986, 1999

Simonescu, Dan, born 11 December 1902 at Campulunq Muscel, Walachia, he was a professor of social history at lasl and Bucuresti. His writings include Din istoria presei Romane§ti (1931), Literatura romeneesce de ceremonial (Bucuresti, 1939), andTirgovi§te, vechi centru tipografic romenesc (1972). He died in 1993. Dictionar; WhoRom Simonet, Pierre Adrien, born 27 October 1921 at Hanoi, he served with the French Government, the International Monetary Fund, and the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. He spent 1959 and 1960 in Iran. WhoUN, 1975 Simonet y Baca, Francesco Javier, born in 1829 at Malaga, he completed legal studies at Madrid in 1859 and received a doctorate in philosophy and lettres in 1867. He was for many years a professor of Oriental studies and Arabic at Granada. His writings include EI cardenal Ximenez de Cisnero y los manuscritos arabigo-granadinos (1885), Glossario de voces ibericas y latinas usadas entre los MOZ8 rabes (1888), Historia de los Mozarabes de Espana deducida de los majores y mas autenticos testimonios de os escritores cristianos yarabes (1897-1903), and he was joint author of Crestomette arabigo-espanola (1881). He died in Madrid in 1897. EncicUni; FOck; IndiceE (6); Manzanares, pp. 131-150 Simonett, Christoph, born 25 February 1906 at Zillis, Kanton Graubunden, he studied archaeology at Paris, Basel and Berlin, and received a doctorate in 1939 at Zurich with a thesis entitled Die romiscnen Bronzestatuetten der Schweiz. He was a sometime keeper at the Vindonissa-Museum, Brugg, and, since 1946, director of Schweizerisches Institut, Roma. His writings include Tessiner Graberfelder (1941), FOhrerdurch das Vindonissa-Museum in Brugg (1947), and Geschichte der Stadt Chur(1976). SchBiAr,4

Simonin, Louis Laurent, born 22 August 1830 at Marseille, he was a trained engineer from l'Ecole des mines de St-Etienne, and became a professor of geology at l'Ecole speciale d'architecture de Paris. He made several jouneys to North America, and visited Madagascar, 1861-67. He died in Paris on 15 June 1886. Bitard; BN; Glaeser; Lamathlere: NUC, pre-1956; Vapereau Simonneau, Pierre, fl. 1963, he received a doctorate in 1952 at Alger with a thesis entitled La vegetation halophile de la plaine de Perreqeux, Oran. His writings include La pratique des cultures imquees en Oranie orientale (1951), and he was joint author of La vegetation des tizieres en Oranie (1956). NUC, pre-1956 Simonsen, David Jacob, born 17 March 1853 at Kebenhavn, he studied at Von Westenske Institut, at the same time receiving private instruction in Talmudic and Hebrew literature. In 1874 he was awarded a prize for a treatise on Arabic philology. From 1874 to 1879 he studied at the Rabbiner Seminar, Breslau, and after passing his examinations he received offers of tutorships successively at the Breslau and Ramsgate seminaries, which he declined. In 1891, at the death of the chief rabbi of the Kebenhavn congregation, he was unanimously chosen his successor. He resigned his office in 1902, on which occasion the Danish King conferred upon him the honorary title of professor. He was a member of the executive board of the Alliance Israelite Universelle. His writings include Talmudiske leveregler (1898), and Jeaisk» CBventyr og legender (1928). He was honoured by the jubilee volume Festskrift i anledning af Professor David Simonsens 70-aarige f0dselsdag (1923). He died in 1923. Dansk biografisk leksikon (1979-84); DanskBL2; Encyclopaedia Judaica; Jewish Encyclopedia; JOdisches Lexikon; Scandinavian biographical index (1)

Simonsohn, Shlomo, born 30 October 1923 at Breslau, Germany, he received degrees at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and the University of London. He was a sometime staff member, Yeshiva University. Wholsrael, 1969/70-1999; WhoWorJ, 1978, 1987 Simounet, Roland, born 31 August 1927 at Guyotville, near Alger, he was an architect, spezialising in museums. A collective volume was published in 1986 at Paris entitled Roland Simounet; pour une invention de I'espace. LC

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398 Simpich, Frederick, born 21 November 1878 at Urbana, Illinois, he was a newspaper writer in America and overseas. In 1909 he entered the U.S. Foreign Service. After his retirement in 1923, he resumed his writing career. He died 25 January 1950. Master (1); NYT, 26 January 1950, p. 27, col. 6; WhAm, 2 Simpson, Cyril Gordon, fl. 1960, his writings include Some features of the morphology of the Oiret (Gorno-Altai) language (1955), and The Turkish language of Soviet Azerbaijan (1957). NUC, pre-1956 Simpson, Donald Herbert, OBE, MA, FLA, born in 1920, he was a librarian, Royal Commonwealth Society, London. His writings include Biography catalogue of the Library of the Royal Commonwealth Society (1961), and Dark companions; the African contribution to the European exploration of East Africa (1975). lC Simpson, Dwight James, born 15 November 1921 at Salem, Oreg., he received a Ph.D. in 1950 from Stanford University with a thesis entitled British Palestine policy, 1939-1949, and subsequently gained a B.Litt. at Oxford. He was a professor of political science at Williams College, before he became in 1969 a professor, and later a chairman of department, California State University, San Francisco, a post which he still held in 1995. In 1963 he was a visiting professor at Istanbul Oniversitesi. NatFacOr, 1995; Selim; WhoWest, 1974/75, 1976/77

Simpson, James Young, born in 1873 at Edinburgh, he was a sometime professor of natural science at Edinburgh. He travelled extensively in European and Asiatic Russia. His writings include The selfdiscovery of Russia (1916), and The garment of the living God (1934). He died in 1934. Master (1); WhE&EA; Who was who, 3

Simpson, William, born in 1823 at Glasgow, he was an artist and journalist who had studied architecture and fine art. He was in the Crimean war as an artist and spent three years sketching in India. His writings include The seat of war in the East (1855-56); his sketchbooks, Visions of India, were edited in 1986. He died in 1899. ONB; Riddick; Who was who, 1 Sims, Barbara Jean, born 17 November 1941 at St. Louis, Mo., she graduated from Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, with the class of 1963, and received a Ed.D. in 1974. After graduation she was a Peace Corps worker in Morocco, and from 1974 to 1975, a Peace Corps director in Mali. Since 1977 she was a private management consultant. WhAmW, 1985/86, 1987/88 Sims, Eleanor G., born in 1942, she received a Ph.D. in 1973 from New York University with a thesis entitled The Garrett manuscript of the Zafar-Name; a study in fifteenth-century Timurid patronage. She was a sometime research associate at the Istituto italiano per il Medio e l'Estremo Oriente, Roma. She jointly edited, with Ernst J. Grube, Between China and Iran; paintings from four Istanbul albums colloquium (1985). NUC, 1973-77; Note Sims-Williams, Nicholas John, born 11 April 1949 at Chatham, England, he was a professor of Iranian and Central Asian studies at SOAS, London, and primarily interested in the languages of ancient and medieval Eastern Iran, Central Asia, and Chinese Turkestan. His non-linguistic interests included Manicheism and Central Asian history and culture in general. He was also an accomplished amateur Private; musician. His publications include Sogdian and Christian Persian catalogues and texts. Schoeberlein; Who's who, 1997-2003

Sims-Williams, Ursula, born in 1949, she was successively a bibliographer and librarian for Iranian languages at the India Office Library and Records, and the British Museum, London. Her writings include Union catalogue of Persian serials & newspapers in British libraries (1985), and she was joint author of Arabic language collection in the British Library (1984). OrBSMES, 1993, EURAMES, 1993; Private Simsar, Muhammed (Mehmed) Ahmed, born in 1902 at Tabriz, he moved with his family to Constantinople and later received master and doctoral degrees from both New York University Graduate School of Business Administration and the University of Pennsylvania. He was a sometime lecturer in Persian and Turkish languages and literatures at Princeton. His writings include Oriental manuscripts of the John Frederick Lewis Collection in the Free Library of Philadelphia, Pa. (1937). He died in 1981 at George Washington University Hospital. Note; NYT, 15 April 1981, 8-6, col. 6 Simson, Uwe, born in 1936, he studied classical and Oriental philology, history and sociology, and subsequently spent eleven years in the East. In 1973 he entered the Ministry of Economic Cooperation, Bonn. His writings include Auswartige Po/itik als Entwicklungshilfe (1975). Note Sinai, Isaac Robert, born 10 October 1924 in Lithuania, he graduated from the University of Michigan with the class of 1961, and obtained a Ph.D. in 1966 at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. He was a free-lance journalist until he started a teaching career at universities in New York State. His writings include The challenge of modernization (1964), In search of the modern world (1967), The

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399 decadence of the modern world (1977), and he jointly edited, with his wife Anne, Israel & the Arabs (1972). AmM&WS, 1973 S; Au&W, 1971; ConAu 21-24, new rev. 10; Master (1); WhoAm, 1974-1982/83

Sinapian (Sinapyan), Kirkor, fl. 1863, he was joint author of Dictionnaire trenceis-turc; des termes techniques des science, des lettres et des arts (Constantionple, 1891-92.) BN; LC Sinclair, Albert Thomas, 1844-1911, he was an anthropologist and a writer on Gypsies. NUC, pre-1956 Sinclair, Angus, fl. 1951-57, he was a rear admiral in the U.S. Navy, and for many years actively interested in the analysis of Middle Eastern problems. He was a specialist in political issues pertaining to the petroleum industry of the area. Note Sinclair, Clive A., he received a Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of Durham for Education in Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar; an economic assessment. In 1977 he was a research fellow in economics of the Middle East, in the Economics Department, Durham. He was joint author of Arab Republic of Egypt; country case study (1978), Arab manpower (1980), and International migration and development in the Arab region (1980), as well as joint editor of several other country case studies. LC; Note; Sluglett Sinclair, William Frederick, born 19th cent., his writings include Notes on antiquities of the talukas of Parner, Sangamner, and Kopargaum ... (Bombay, 1874), and he translated The travels of Pedro Teixeira (London, 1902). He died in 1900. NUC, pre-1956 Sinderson Pasha, Sir Harry Chapman, born in 1891, he was one of the most renowed figures in British medicine overseas during the inter-war years. In 1914, shortly after graduating from Edinburgh, he joined the army. At the close of the first World War he quite fortuitously found himself serving in Mesopotamia as deputy assistant director of civil Medical Services. It is to him and his remarkable store of energy that credit must go for the foundation of a medical school in Baghdad in 1927. He served in the country until his retirement in the summer of 1946. During this period he held a number of important posts; he was adviser to the Ministry of Social Affairs, dean and professor of medicine of the Royal Faculty of Medicine, and director of the Royal Hospital in Baghdad, while for many years he attended the Iraq Royal Family. He died 20 November 1974. Asian affairs 62 (1975), p. 235; Bioln 10; BRISMES bulletin 2 (1975), pp. 54-55; Sluglett; Note; Who was who, 7

Singer, Andre, born in 1945, he was an anthropologist whose writings include Lords of the Khyber; the story of the North-West Frontier (1984), and he edited Zande themes (1972). LC Singer, Charles Joseph, born 2 November 1876 at Camberwell, he studied zoology and medicine at London and Oxford. Immediately after qualifying in 1903, he was appointed a medical officer to a small geographical expedition to Abyssinia where he spent nearly a year. He was for some years a lecturer in history of medicine at University College, London. His writings include A short history of medicine (1928), Galen's On anatomical procedures; tteoi avaroplKwv EYXElpf:JGEWV. De anatomicis administra-tionibus; translation of the surviving books with introduction and notes (1956), and he edited History of technology (1954-58). He died in 1960. DNB; EncJud; WhE&EA; Who was who, 5 Singer, Dorothea (Waley) nee Cohen, born in 1882 at London, she was the wife of Charles Joseph S. She devoted herself to many humanitarian and social activities, but she is best remembered for her scholarly work in the history of science and medicine, notably her Catalogue of Latin and vernacular alchemical manuscripts in Great Britain and Ireland (1928-31). Her writings also include Giordano Bruno, his life and thought (1950). She died 24 June 1964. EncJud; Who was who, 6; WhE&EA Singer, Hans Rudolf, born 6 April 1925 at Altenstadt, Germany, he received his primary and secondary education at Eger, Bohemia. Still in high school, he was called up in February 1943. After nearly three years in a prisoner of war camp he returned to Germany in 1948 and gained a high school diploma at Bayreuth. In the same year he began to read philology and Islamic studies at Erlangen. He also studied Arabic and Romance languages at Granada, 1953-53, and Arabic and Ethiopic at Cairo, 19541955. He received a Dr.phil. in 1956 from the Auslands- und Dolmetscher Institut in the Universltat Mainz-Germersheim with a thesis entitled Neuarabische Frageworter, and a Dr.habil. in 1966 at Erlangen with a thesis entitled Grammatik der arabischen Mundart der Medina von Tunis. Until his retirement in 1993 he was a professor of Arabic and Arab culture at Germersheim. He was honoured by a jubilee volume, Festgabe far Hans Rudolf Singer (1991). He died in Germersheim, 8 February 1999. EURAMES,1993; KUrschner, 1970-1996; Thesis; WhoWor, 1978/79

Singer, Sir Hans Wolfgang, born in 1910 at Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1936 at Cambridge, and subsequently taught economics at British and American universities. From 1969 to his retirement in 1985 he was a professor at the University of Sussex. His writings include Unemployment and the unemployed (1940), Recent trends in economic thought on underdeveloped

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countries (1962), International development (1964), and he was joint author of Rich and poor countries (1977). Who, 1995-20031; WhoEc, 1986, 1999

Singer, Hermann, born in 1867, he was from 1903 to 1910 an editor of the journal Globus (Braunschweig). NUC, pre-1956 Singer, Morris, born 30 April 1921 at Chicago, he graduated in 1942 from the University of Chicago, and received a Ph.D. in 1955 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Studies in the policies of economic development. In 1955 he started a teaching career at the University of Connecticut and in 1966 he was a visiting lecturer in Turkey. His writings include Growth, equality, and the Mexican experience (1969), and The economic advance of Turkey, 1938-1960 (1977). LC; WhoE, 1983(84-1985/86

Singer, Siegfried Fred, born 27 September 1924 at Wien, he was a geophysicist, educated largely at Princeton. He taught at Princeton and Johns Hopkins, before he pursued a career as a scientist in a variety of government posts. BioHbDtE; Bioln 4; Master (1); WhoAm, 1974-889/89, 2001; WhoWor, 1974/5 Singh, Anup (Anupa Singha), born in 1910, he gained a doctorate and was a visiting lecturer in the United States around 1939. His writings include Nehru, the rising star of India (1939), India facts in brief(1940), and Jai sutejirani (New Delhi, 1990.) He died in 1989. LC; NUC, pre-1956 Singh, Bhanwar, born 20th cent., he gained and M.A. in economics, and a Ph.D. in development studies, and was successively a faculty member at the Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, the Institute of Econonomic Growth, Delhi, and the Centre for Social and Technological Change, Bombay. In 1972 he was a research fellow at the South Asia Studies Centre, Jaipur, and, in 1975, a research associate at the Institute of Area Planning, Ahmedabad. His writings include Agrarian structure, technological change, and poverty (1985). LC Singh, Bhim, fl. 1973, he wrote, together with Angelina Helou, An Examination of documents on which the State of Israel is based (Beirut, PLO Research Center, 1970.) LC Singh, born 20th cent., Bishwanath, he gained a doctorate, and was in 1965 a research fellow at the Indian School of International Studies, New Delhi, and in 1966, an nternational development fellow at the University of Pittsburgh, working on comparative law. Note Singh, Sir Ganda, born in 1901, he was from 1942 to 1944 attached to the Aligarh Musilm University. His writings include History of the Gurdwara Shahidganj (1935), The British occupation of the Punjab (1955), and A bibliography of the Panjab (1966). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Singh, Gurcharan, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from City University of New York with a thesis entitled Indian diplomacy in the Middle East. Selim Singh, Kumar Rajendra, born 7 May 1932 at Gondia, India, he gained a Ph.D. in 1971 at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. For many years he was affiliated with the Indian School of International Studies, New Delhi, where he was a somtime director of the Gulf Studies Programme as well as the National Security Programme. In 1964 he carried on field studies in North Africa. His research comprised the Islamic world and the Indian Ocean. His writings include Iran; quest for security (1980). Private

Singh, Mohan, born in 1899, he received a Ph.D. in 1931 at Calcutta with a thesis entitled Some characteristics and tendencies of modern Urdu poetry as exemplified in select, representative poems, 1867-1925. His writings include Mohammad, the Prophet of Islam (1929), Mysticism of time in Rig Veda (1938), An introduction to Panjabi literature (1951), A history of Panjabi literature, 1110-1932, a 2nd edition of his thesis (1956), and the translation, Mystik und Yoga der Sikh-Meister (1967). LC Singh, Satindra, fl. 1947, his writings include Mahatma in the Marxist mirror (Delhi, 1962), and he was joint author of Ghadar, 1915; India's first armed revolution (New Delhi, 1966). LC Singh, Sushi! Chandra, born in 1913, his writings include International affairs, since 1939 to present day (Agra, 1959). NUC, 1956-67 Singhal, Damodar Prasad, born 24 September 1925 in India, he was educated at the University of the Punjab, and received a Ph.D. in 1955 at the University of London. Since 1961 he taught Indo-Pakistani history and culture at the Department of History' in the University of Queensland. His writings include The annexation of Upper Burma (1960), India and Afghanistan, 1876-1907 (1963), Pakistan (1972), and Gypsies, Indians in exile (1982). ConAu 49-52; WhoAus, 1971-1985; WhoWor, 1976/7; WrDr, 1976/78-1986/88 Sinha, Prem Bahadur, born in 1939, he was in 1979 a research officer at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. His writings include Indian national liberation movement and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Russia, 1905-1917 (New Delhi, 1975), a work which is a revision of this doctoral thesis, Moscow M. V. Lomonosov State University, 1971. LC; Note

Sinha, Sachchidanand, born 10 November 1871 at Arrah, India, he began his studies at Patna, but interrupted them in 1889 and secretly boarded a boat for London to become the first known Bihari Hindu to marry outside the sub-caste. On his return in 1894 he entered politics as a congressman. He was active in Bihar provincial politics and became the first Indian to hold the finance portfolio in a province. From 1901 to his death on 6 March 1950 he was the founding editor of the Hindustan review. His writings include Hindustani in Indian political life (1936), Kashmir, "the playground of Asia" 1942), and Iqbal, the poet and his message (1947). The Sachchidananda Sinha commemoration volume was published in 1947. Eminent; Sen; Wholndia, 1936 Sinkovics, Istvan, born 19 August 1910 at Budapest, he was a historian who was for twenty years attached to the Hungarian National Archives, before he began in 1969 a teaching career at Budapest University. His writings include Die akademische Bi/dung in Ungarn im 17. Jahrhundert (1970), Der Angriff der Osmanen im Donautal im 16. Jahrhundert und der Ausbau der Abwehr (1975), and he edited Az Eotvos Lorena Tudomanyegyetem torten ete, 1635-1985 (1985). On his 70th birthday he was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled Onnepi tenulmenyok Sinkovics Istvan 70. sZOletesnapjara, 1980. augustus 19 (1980). He died 19 August 1990. Fekete; Magyarki kicsoda, 1990; MEL,1978-1991 Sinnhuber, Karl Aemilian, born 10 January 1919 at Salzburg, he studied history, geography, folklore and related subjects at Berlin and Innsbruck, where he received his doctorate in 1947 with a thesis entitled Die AltertOmer vom "Hlmmetreich" bei Wattens; ein Beitrag zur Vorgeschichte des tirolischen Unterinntales. He went in 1950 as an exchange teacher to Glasgow. From 1950 to 1974 he taught geography at British universities. In 1974 he was appointed a professor at the Wirtschaftsuniversitat Wien, and chairman of Geographisches Institut. KOrschner, 1980-19921; WhoAustria, 1982/83 Sinogowitz, Bernhard, born 22 June 1921 at Naumburg, Germany, he received a Dr.jur. in 1944, and a Dr.phil. in 1952 from the Universitat Munchen for Studien zum Strafrecht der Ekloge. He was successively a librarian at the university libraries of Munchen and Erlangen. JahrDtB, 1952-1999/2000 Sinor, Denis, born 17 April 1916 at Kolozsvar (Cluj), Transylvania, he studied at Budapest and Cambridge University, and became a professor of Uralic and Altaic studies at universities in England and the United States. His writings include Orientalism and history (1954), and a collection of his articles, Inner Asia and its contacts with medieval Europe (1977). He founded the Denis Sinor Medal for Inner Asian Studies, of which Sir Harold Bailey became the first recipient in 1993. ConAu 1-4, new rev.

6; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; IntAu&W, 1976, 1982, 1989; IWWAS, 1975/76; MagyarNKK, 1990-2000; Master (2); WhoAm, 1974-1988/89,2001; WhoMW, 1978-1987/88; WhoWor, 1978/79; WrDr, 1976/78-2001

Sionita, Gabriel, 1577-1648 see Gabriel Sionita Siotto Pint6r, Manfredi, born 13 February 1869 at Genova, he was a professor of law at a number of Italian universities, and a sometime professor of law at Cairo University. His writings include La riforma sociale in Italia (Firenze, 1894), La reazione; meditazioni fi/osofiche e politiche (Urbino, 1898), and La reforme del regime elettorale (Roma, 1912). He died in 1945. Chie,1928-1940; NUC, pre-1956 Siouffi, Nicolas, fl. 1882-96, he was a sometime vice-consul of France at Mosul. His writings include Etudes sur la religion des Soubbas ou Sabeens, leurs dogmes, leurs mceurs (Paris, 1880). BN; LC Sipione, Enzo, born 20th cent., his writings include /I regno di Sicilia sotto la dinastia aragonese (1978), La Sicilia del quattrocento (1983), and he edited Statuti e capitoli della Contea di Modica (1976), and Cantania capitale; storia della citt« (1982). LC Sirageldin (Siraj ai-Din), Ismail Abdel Hamid, born 1 August 1930 at Cairo, where he gained a B.Sc. in 1954. He received a M.S.A. in 1962 from the University of Toronto with a thesis entitled The economics of high protein feeds in Canada. He obtained an unidentified Ph.D. in 1967 from the University of Michigan. He subsequently taught economic behaviour and population dynamics in the United States, Pakistan and Kuwait, and acted as an international consultant. His writings include Non-market components of national income (1969). ConAu 29-32, new rev. 16; LC; WhoArab, 1999/2000,2001/2002 Siragusa, Giovanni Battisto, born 9 September 1848 at Palermo, he was a professor of modern history successively at Messina and Palermo. His writings include De justitita et justo (1886), L'ingegno, iI sapere e gl'intendimenti di Roberto d'Angio (1891), and /I regno Guglielmo I in Sicilia (1929). He died on 2 September 1934. IndBI (2); LC Sirat, Colette nee Salamon, born 11 February 1934, she was the first wife of Rene Samuel Sirat. She was attached to the C.N.R.S. Her writings include Les theories des visions surnaturelles dans la

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402 oensee juive du moyen-age (1969), Otsar kitve-yad 'lvriyim mi-yeme-ha-benayim (Jerusalem, 1972), L'examen des ecrltures; t'celt et la machine (1981), La philosophie juive medievale en terre d'islam (1988), its translation, A history of Jewish philosophy in the middle ages (1985), and she was joint author of Les papyrus en cerecteres hebrafques trouves en Egypte (1985). WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978

Sirat, Rene Samuel, born 13 November 1930 at Bone, Algeria, he was educated at Strasbourg, Paris, and Jerusalem. He was a rabbi and a sometime professor at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, Paris. IntWW, 1982-2001; WhoFr, 1983/84-2001; WhoRel, 1992/93; WhoWor, 1984/85-1987; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978

Sirkov, Dimitur Ivanov, Dr., born 20th cent., his writings include Bemuneme ttonumuxe Ha 5bflaapufl 1938-1941 (1979), and Anmudieiucmseme 60p6a B 5bflaapufl noepeoe ne Bmopama CBemOBHa eoiine, 1939-1944 (1980). He was honoured by a jubilee volume entitled Feooeu ,auMumpoB, euoen meopemu« u peBoflJOLI,UOHep (1982), and its translation, Georgi Dimitrov, an eminent theoretician and revolutionary (1982). LC Sirot, Andre, fl. 1936, he was an agronomist who received a doctorate in 1933 from the Faculte des sciences in the Universite de Lyon with a thesis entitled Contribution a retuoe des phenomenes d'equilibre et d'entrainement. NUC, pre-1956 Siroux, Maxime, born in 1907, he studied architecture at l'Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris, and on graduation in 1933 joined a two-year archaeological mission to Iran under R. Ghirshman. He stayed on for ten years as an architectect, collaborating with the construction of public buildings in Tehran as well as schools in the provinces, at the same time carrying on topographical researches, the results of which are embodied in his Cerevensereits d'lran et petites constructions rouiieres (1949). He left Iran in 1945 and spent a good many years in North Africa before returning to Paris. From 1959 to 1963 he was invited to Iran to transform an eighteenth century caravanserai into a magnificent hotel. His writings also include Anciennes voies et monuments routieres de la region d'lspahan (1971), and its Persian translation in 1978. He died in 1975. Index Islamicus (1); Studia Iranica 4 (1975), pp. 239-40 Sirowni (Sirouni/Siruni), Hakob Chololian, born 18 April 1890 at Adapazan, Anatolia, he had already been a writer and journalist when he went to Bucuresti after the first World War. In 1922 he made the acquaintance of Nicolae lorga and under his influence began to pursue an interest in Oriental philology and palaeography. His writings include Domnii romeni de la Poarta otomene (1941), and Polis ew ir dere (1965). He died 8 April 1973. NUC,1968-1977; Studia etacta orientalia 9 (1977), pp. 168-69 Sirriyeh, Hussein, he received a D.Phil. from Oxford, and was in 1993 a lecturer in the Department of Modern Arabic Studies, University of Leeds. His writings include U.S. policy in the Gulf, 1968-1977 (1984), and he was joint editor of Israel & Arab water (1985), and The decline of Arab oil revenues (1986). DrBSMES,1993; LC Sirry Pasha, Hussein, born in 1892, he was a government official and served three times as Egyptian premier as well as holding portfolios, including public works, in several governments. His writings include Training and defence works of the Nile in Egypt (1922), and Irrigation policy (1935). He died in 1961. NYT, 8 January 1961, p. 86, col. 1; ObitOF, 1979 Siruni, Hakob Chololian, 1890-1973 see Sirowni, Hakob Chololian Sisco, Joseph John, born 31 October 1919 at Chicago, he graduated from Knox College with the class of 1941, and received a Ph.D. in 1950 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled The Soviet attitude toward the trusteeship system. He was a government official since 1941. He edited Prospects for peace in the Middle East; a round table, 1977 (1977). Bioln 10,12; BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; IntWW, 1974-2000; Master (1); WhoAm, 1980-1988/89,2001; WhoGov, 1972/3-1975; WhoWor, 1978/79

Siscoe, Frank Gotch, born 3 December 1913 at Swoyerville, Pa., he graduated from Rutgers University with the class of 1934, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1939. He was a government official. He died in February 1971. Master (1); NYT, 20 February 1971, p. 30, cols. 5-6; WhAm, 7 Sislian, Jack Heinz, fl. 1970-73, he received an M.A. in 1955 from the Institute of Education, London, with a thesis entitled The beginnings of British and French missionary educational activity in Egypt, 1825-1863. Sluglett Sister, Moses, born 25 November 1891 at Kamenets-Podolsk, Russia. After graduation from the local high school, he studied Oriental languages from 1912 to 1914 at Berlin. On account of the war and the Russian revolution he was unable to resume his study until 1925. He received a Dr.phil. in 1931 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Metaphern und Vergleiche im Koran. His writings include Probleme der Aussprache des Hebrsiscnen (1937). Thesis

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Sita Ram, Lala, ca. 1855-1937, his writings include History of Sirohi Raj, from the earliest times to the present day (Allahabad, 1920), and Selections from Hindi literature (1921-1926). NUC, pre-1956 Sitbon, Guy, born in 1934 at Monastir, Tunisia, he was a writer and journalist, resident in France since 1964. He was in 1966 a founding director of the journal Magazine litteraire. He also contributed to other periodicals, notably, Ie Monde, Jeune Afrique, and Nouvelobservateur. His writings include two novels, Yves et veronique (1975), and Gagou (1980). IndBFr 2 (1) Sitte, Alfred, born in 1871, his writings include Kunsthistorische Regesten aus den Haushaltsungsbilchern der Giltergemeinschaft der Geizkofler (StraBburg, 1908). NUC, pre-1956 Sitte, Camillo, born 14 April 1843 at Wien, he studied in Wien at the Universltat, the Akademie der Bildenden KOnste, and Polytechnisches Institut. He subsequently travelled in Europe and the Middle East. He collaborated with his father in architectural projects. He was a director of the Staatsgewerbeschule, Salzburg, from 1875 to 1883, when he returned to Wien, where he became an architect and founding director of the Staats-Gewerbeschule fur das Bau- und Maschinenfach. His writings include Der Stadtebau nach seinem kilnstlerischen Grundsetzen (1901), and the translations, L'Art de batir les villes (1902), Construcci6n de ciudades segt1n principios artisticos (1926), The Art of building cities (1945), and L'arte di costruire Ie citta (1953). D. Wieczorek wrote Camillo Sitte et les debuts de J'urbanisme moderne (1981). He died in Wien on 16 November 1903. DtBE; Encyclopedia of urban planning (1974); GeistigeWien, vol. 2 (1893); Master (2); Wurzbach

Siukiiainen (CIOK~5I~HeH), Leonid Rudol'fovich, born 21 December 1945 at Petrozavodsk (Kalininsk), he graduated in 1969 from the Moscow Institute of International Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and obtained a doctorate in 1987 with a thesis entitled MycynbMaHcKoe npee. Miliband 2 Sivall, Tage, fl. 1957, he was attached to the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute.

Note

Sivan, Emmanuel, born 28 November 1937, his writings include L'lslam et la croisade (1968), Communisme et nationalisme en Algerie, 1920-1962 (1976), The Role of regional-ecological disparities in Lybian pluralism (1977), Interpretations of Islam, past and present (1985), Islamic fundamentalism and antisemitism (1985), Radical Islam (1985), and Mitosim politiyim 'Arviytm (1988). LC Sivan, Renaud, born 24 June 1906, he received a doctorate in law from the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled L'industrie des corps gras dans la region marseillaise, and in 1931 entered the French foreign service. BN; DBFC, 1954/55 von Sivers, Peter, born in 1940, he received a Dr.phil. in 1968 from the Universltat MOnchen for Kalifat, Konigtum und Verfall; die politische Theorie Ibn Khalduns. Throughout the 1980s he was a member of MESA. He was in 1987 a professor of history at the University of Utah, a post which he still held in 2003. MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2003; Note Siverson, Randolph Martin, born 29 July 1940 at Los Angeles, he graduated from San Francisco State College with the class of 1962, and received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Stanford University with a thesis entitled Inter-nation conflict, dyadic and mediated; Egypt, Israel and the United Nations, 1956-57. In 1970 he was appointed a professor of political science at the University of California at Davis, a post which he still held in 1995. He was joint author of The diffusion of war (1991), and joint editor of Change in the international system (1980). NatFacDr, 1995; Selim Sivignon, Michel, fl. 1963, his writings include Les past Eurs du Pinde septrional (1968), and he was joint author of Geographie de la France et des pays africains et malgaches d'expression ttenceise (1966), and Les Balkans (1971). NUC, 1968-72 Sixte (Sixtus), Prince de Bourbon-Parma, born 1 August 1886 at Wartegg, he was the brother of the last Austrian Emperor's consort, the Empress Zita of Bourbon-Parma. Being legally barred from French military service, he served in the Belgian artillery during the first World War. A French patriot, he used his good offices trying to arrange for secret peace feelers between the Allies and the Austrian Kaiser, his brother-in-law. He had studied at Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1914 with a thesis entitled Le trelte d'Utrecht et les lois fondamentales du royaume. His other writings include La Syrie et la France (1919), La aemiere conquete du roi, Alger, 1830 (1930), and he was joint author of Au cceur du grand desert (1931). He died in 1934. History today 23 (1973), pp. 757-765; Qui etes-vous. 1924 Siyasi (Siassi), 'Ali Akbar, born in 1274/1896, he was educated at Tehran and studied at Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1931 with a thesis entitled La Perse au contact de J'Occident; etude historique et sociale. He was a sometime minister of education and a president of Tehran University. His writings include Deux mois a Paris, ou De J'Unesco a la Sorbonne (Tehran, 1950), and uuJ:J1 ~k L:......... Ka EapacjJpuKa (1957), (/JpaHLI,Y3cKUU uunepuenue« a 3anaoHou AcjJpuKe (1956), Pa3aUaalOLLI,UeCR cmpenu (1971), and the booklet, Economic reform in the USSR (1987). LC; Miliband; Miliband2 ; Unesco Skriabin, Konstantin Ivanovich, born in 1878 at St. Petersburg, he was a natural scientist. His writings include the autobiography, MOR >KU3Hb a HayKe (1969), and he edited HayKa a Kupeusuu sa 20 nem, 1926-1946 (Frunze, 1946). In 1927 he was honoured by the jubilee volume Sammlung helmintologischer Arbeiten Prof Dr. K. I. Skrjabin von seinen SchOlern gewidmet. He died in Moscow in 1972. GSE; KyrgyzSE

Skrine, Sir Clarmont Percival, born in 1888 at London, he was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford, and entered the Indian Civil Service in 1912; he was soon transferred to the Political Service. Thereafter he held appointments in the Indian States, in the Baluchistan Agency, in Persia, and in Chinese Turkestan, where he served as consul-general from 1922 to 1924. He was consul in Kerman, 1918-19, consul in Seistan and Kain, 1927-29; political agent, Kalat and Chagai, Beluchistan, 1932-36, consul-general in Meshed, 1941-46. In 1928 he was awarded the Gill Memorial by the Geographical Society. His writings include Chinese Central Asia (1926), World war in Iran (1962), and he was joint author of Macartney at Kashgar (1973). He died in 1974. Asian affairs 62 (1975), p. 119; Wholndia, 1937; Who was who, 7

Skrine, Francis Henry Bennett, born 23 December 1847 in Ireland, he entered the Bengal Civil Service in 1868. In 1895 he was a collector of customs at Calcutta, and from 1895 to his retirement in 1897 a commissioner at Chittagong Division. He subsequently travelled in Central Asia and the Near East. His writings include The Heart of Asia; a history of Russian Turkestan (1899), and India's hope (1929). He died in Aix-en-Provence, 8 December 1933. Buckland; Master (1); Riddick; Who, 1905-32; Who was who, 3 Skrzhinskaia, Elena Cheslavovna, fl. 1973, she edited Memeouem» no epxeonoeuu toeo-eeneonoeo KpblMa (1953), and 5ap6apo U Konmepuuu 0 Poccuu (1971). Skuratowicz, Jerzy, fl. 1974, he was joint author of Przemiany wewnetrzne i politika zagraniczna Syrii (1974). Skuratowicz, Witold, born 15 September 1907 at Baku, he served as a Polish ambassador successively in Egypt, the Sudan, Lebanon, Jordan and Kuwait, and he was a sometime lecturer in history of the Arab East at Warszawa. He had learned Arabic at A.U.C. His writings include Sudan (Warszawa, 1965), and Liban (Warszawa, 1969). He died 19 November 1979. Dziekan; PrzegJ1d orientalistyczny, 121122 (1982), pp. 110-111

Skvortsov, Mikhail Ivanovich, fl. 1970, his writings include Pvccxo-vyeeiuceuc 06LL1,eCmaeHHononumu-tecxuti cnoeeps (1973), he was joint author of Pvcceo-uveeusceo-eeueeocnn) peseoeoonu« (1981), tnccneooeenun eeneepckux Y4eHblx no 4yaawcKoMyR3blKY (1985), np06neMbl cocmeenenus smuuonoeauecsoeo cnoeepn omoensnoeo R3blKa (1986). LC Slaby, Helmut, born 25 May 1933 at Wien, he studied classical philology and German literature at Wien, where he received a Dr.phil. with a thesis entitled Calaminus und seine dramatische Dichtung. He served as a teacher of German at St. Georgs-Kolleg, Istanbul, and concurrently was from 1958 to 1968 a founding director of German language instruction at Turkish radio stations. He was a director Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

407 of the Austrian Cultural Centre at Istanbul, 1964-66, and a lecturer at Istanbul Oniversitesi as well as press correspondent, 1966-68. Since 1969 he held the cross appointment of head of the Austrian Centre, Tehran, and cultural attache at the Austrian Legation. His writings include Deutscher Wortschatz in Sachgebieten (1965), and Bindenschi/d und Sonnenlowe; die Geschichte der osterreichischiranischen Beziehungen bis zur Gegenwart (1982). Note; WhoAustria, 1977/78-1982/83

Sianar, Hans, born 4 August 1890 at Wien, he studied geography, history and meteorology, and received a Dr.phil. in 1914 at Wien. He became a school teacher and administrator, and concurrently served as a lecturer in geography at the Unlversitat Wien as well as Padagogisches lnstitut, Wien. His writings include Atlas fOr Hauptschulen (1933). He died in 1955. Teichl; Wer is! wer in C>sterreich, 1951; WhoAustria, 1954, 1955

Slane, William MacGuckin de, born 12 August 1801 at Belfast, and naturalized a French citizen, he was a student of Silvestre de Sacy, and a graduate of Ecole des langues orientales, Paris. He joined the Corps des lnterpretes de l'armee d'Afrique, where he rose to the rank of lnterprete principale (September 1846). He was a founding member of the Societe historique alqerlenne; officier de la Legion d'honneur (26 December 1852); member of the Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. After resigning as army interpreter, he held the chair of Arabic at the Ecole des langues orientales, Paris. From among the long list of his publications it suffices to mention Divan d'Amro'l-kais (1837), Prolegomenes d'lbn Khaldoun (1863-1865), Catalogue des manuscrits arabes de la Bibliotheque nationale (1883-1895). He died in Passy, 4 August 1878. Feraud, p. 288; Peyronnet, pp. 162-163; Revue africaine 22 (1878), pp. 473-474

Slater, Arthur Robert, Rev., F.R.G.S., born 19th cent., his writings include Departed glory; the deserted cities of India (London, 1937). BlC; NUC, pre-1956 Slater, S., fl. 1849-1855, his writings include A Grammar of the Urdu language, for the use of schools (Calcutta, Bishop's College Press, 1849), and Narrative of a conference with a Mussulman (Calcutta, Calcutta Diocesan Committee, 1849). BlC; NUC, pre-1956 Slater, Samuel Henry, born in 1880, he joined the India Civil Service in 1904, and was from 1919 to 1920 a financial secretary to the civil commissioner of Mesopotamia. He died in 1967. Who was who, 6 Freiherr von Slatin, Rudolf Carl, born 27 June 1857 at Ober St. Veit near Wien, he was a prominent figure in the Anglo-Egyptian Army and the assistent director of the Intelligence Department. He became governor of Darfur from 1881 to 1883 when he had been obliged to surrender to the Mahdi. He spent twelve wretched and humiliating years as a prisoner in Omdurman until he succeeded in escaping in 1895 and eventually reached Cairo. In 1898 he served under Kitchener in the Omdurman campaign. His writings include Feuer und Schwert im Sudan; meine Kampfe mit den Derwischen, meine Gefangenschaft und Flucht, 1879-95 (1896), and its translation, Fire and sword in the Sudan (1896). He died at his estate near Meran on 4 October 1932. Richard L. Hill wrote Slatin Pasha (1965), and Gordon B. Shepherd, Between two flags; the life of Baron Sir Rudolf von Slatin Pasha (1972). Britlnd; EncBrit; GdeEnc; Hill; Who was who, 3; Zach, pp. 171-182

Slatkin, I. lA, 1898- see Zlatkin, lI'ia IAkovlevich Slaughter, John Etta, born 3 November 1929 at Beaumont, Texas, he graduated from Howard University, and was from 1969 a professor of history at St. Philip's College, San Antonio, Texas. WhoBIA, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1992

Slawecki, Leon M. S., born in 1936, his writings include Development of United States foreign policy towards South Africa, 1948-1963 (1963). lC Slim, Taieb (Tayeb Selim), born 19 January 1914, he was educated at Tunis and studied law at Paris without taking a degree. From his youth he was involved in militant political activities of the Tunisian Neo-Destour Party. After independence he served as ambassador and was a permanent representative of Tunisia at the United Nations. AfrBiolnd (2); AfricaWW, 1996; Bidwell2 ; Bioln 12; Clausen, pp. 397-400; IntWW, 1974-1994/951; MidE, 1978/79-1982/83; WhoArab,1967/68-2001/2002

Siobin, Mark, born 15 March 1943 at Detroit, Mich., he attended the Manhattan School of Music, and took a B.A. and Ph.D. at the University of Michigan. He began his career in 1971 as a professor of music at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. In 1995 he was a professor at the Department of Music in the University of California at Berkeley. His writings include Kirgiz instrumental music (1969), and Music in the culture of northern Afghanistan (1976). ConAu 93-96; NatFacDr, 1995; Schoeberlein Siomann, Poul Vi/helm, born 23 November 1885, at Kebenhavn, he received an M.A. in 1912, and was from 1912 to 1914 in the United States as a fellow of the American Scandinavian Foundation. He became a librarian at Kebenhavns Kommunes Biblioteker. From 1923 to 1949 he was a director of Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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museum. His writings include Selskabet Kunstindustrimuseets venner gennem femogtyve aar (1936), Guld og eedetstene i midlealterlig kunst (1946); and Bizarre designs in silks, trade and traditions (1955). He died 14 December 1962. Kraks, 1962

Siomp, Jan, born 7 December 1932 at Hardenberg, Netherlands, he studied theology at Geneve and Amsterdam, and served as a clergyman, before he became involved in Christian-Muslim relations. His writings include English-Urdu dictionary of Christian terminology (1976), Islam; een orientette (1983); and he edited The Churches and Islam in Europe (1982), and Wereldgodsdiensten in Nederland; christen in gesprek met moslims, hindoes en boeddhisten (1991). Wie iswie, 1984-88, 1994-96 Sionim, Shlomo, born in 1931, he served in posts from lecturer in political science to chairman of department at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, in a variety of departments. His writings include United States-Israel relations, 1967-1973 (1974), and he was a joint editor of Studies in American civilization (1987). Slot, Ben J., born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1982 from the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden with a thesis entitled Archipelagus turbatus; les Cyclades entre colonisation latine et occupation ottomane, c. 1500-1718. He became an historian and archivist in charge of the general state archives of the Dutch Central Government, and was affiliated with the Nederlands Historisch-archaeologisch Instituut, Istanbul. His writings include Vriendshap en wanttrouwen; twee eeuwen Frans-Nederlandse diplomatike betrekkingen, 1588-1795 (1988), The origins of Kuwait (1991), and he was joint editor of The Netherlands - Bulgaria; traces of relations through the centuries (1981). EURAMES,1993; LC Siouschz, Nahum Ben David, born in 1872 at Smorgon' near Wilna, he grew up in Odessa. In 1897 he visited Egypt and Palestine, and since 1898 he studied at Geneve and Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1904 with a thesis entitled La renaissance de la litterature nebretque, and a second doctorate in 1909 for a these comptementeire entitled Judeo-Heltenes et Judeo-Berberes; recherches sur les origines des Juifs et du judarsme en Afrique. He subsequently became a lecturer in NeoHebrew at the Universite de Paris. Since 1930 he was resident in Palestine. His writings include Etude sur I'histoire des Juifs et du judarsme au Maroc (1906), Travels in North Africa (1927), and The Jews of North Africa (1944). He died in 1966. EncJud; JewEnc; JOdLex; WhE&EA; Wininger Slowacki, Juliusz, born 4 September 1809 at Krzemieniec (Kremcnec), Poland, to a well-off family. He emigrated after the 1831 revolution. From 1836 to 1838 he toured Greece and the East. Since 1839 he was resident in Paris, where he died on 3 April 1849. His writings include La patrode pestuloj en EI-Arish (Paris, 1910), and Prod6t na wsch6d (Jerozolina, 1944). Cassell's encyclopaedia of world literature; Dziekan; Master (9); NEP

Sluchanovskii, Antonii, born 19th cent., he was joint author, with Aleksandr Borisovich Kusikov, of (1919). aSK

>KeM4Y>KHbIU «oeou«

Sluglett, Marion Farouk nee Wogatzki, born in 1936 at Berlin, she accompanied her mother in 1954 to Baghdad. Once in Iraq, she learned Arabic and married Omar Farouk, a Royal Guard captain. In 1963, after her husband had been killed for his political opinions, she returned to communist East Berlin to take up Arab studies and, in 1973, submitted her Dr. phil. thesis, Der Wandel der Produktionsund Machtverhaltnisse auf dem Lande im Irak unter der britischen Kolonialherrschaft, 1914-1932. Thereafter she was a sometime lecturer in English at Humboldt Unlversltat, Berlin, before marrying Peter Sluglett and joining him at Durham., UK. She took temporary teaching positions in Durham, Oxford, and Dublin, as well as acting as a consultant to a Dutch group working in North Yemen, before establishing herself as a lecturer in .politics at University College, Swansea, Wales. She was joint author of Iraq since 1958, from revolution to dictatorship (1987), its translation, Der Irak seit 1958 (1991), and she was joint editor of Tuttle Guide to the Middle East (1992). Her research displays a rather touching belief in the intrinsic excellence of communism, and "her antipathy to the West, and to the USA in particular, comes out in loaded terms and disagreeable connotations" (Uriel Dann). At the time of her death, she was teaching at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City. She died from cancer at the age of fifty-nine. BRISMES newsletter 10, no 2 (March 1996), p. 1; MESA bulletin 30 i (1996), pp. 142-143; Private

Sluglett, Peter J., born 7 December 1943 in Britain, he received a D.Phil. in 1972 at Oxford with a thesis entitled Profit and loss from the British Mandate; Iraq under British administration and influence, 1914-1932. He was a sometime lecturer in the University of Durham, UK. before he moved in the 1990s to a senior post at Ohio University, only to take early retirement soon afterwards. His writings include Britain in Iraq, 1914-1932 (1976), and Theses on Islam, the Middle East and North-West Africa, accepted by universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland, 1880-1978 (1983). He was joint author of Iraq since 1958, from revolution to dictatorship (1987), its translation, Irak seit 1958 (1991), and he was joint editor of Tuttle guide to the Middle East (1992). LC; Private Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Sluszkiewicz, Eugeniusz, born in 1901, he was an Indian and Armenian scholar. In 1953 he was appointed a professor at Torun University, and from 1953 he served as a professor at Uniwersytet Warszawski. His writings include Przyczynki bo badan nad dziejami redakcyj Ramayany (Krakow, 1938). He died in 1981. NEP Smaja, Mardoche, born 19th cent., his writings include L'Extension de la jurisdiction et de la nationalite trenceises en Tunisie (Tunis, 1905). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Smaldone, Joseph P., born early 20th cent., he was affiliated with University College, University of Maryland. His writings include History of the White Oak Laboratory, 1945-1975 (1977), and Warfare in the Sokoto Caliphate (1977). LC Smart, Ellen S., born early 20th cent., she was joint author of Paintings from the Muslim courts of India (1976), and Pride of the princes of the Moghul era in the CincinnatiArt Museum (1985). LC Smart, lan, fl. 1974, he was a deputy director, and director of studies, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London. Note Smart, John R., fl. 1966, he was in 1993 a lecturer at the Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies in the University of Exeter. DrBSMES, 1993 Smeaton, Barnston Hunter, born 29 April 1915 at Oakland, Calif., he graduated in 1938 from the University of California at Berkeley, and received a Ph.D. in 1959 from Columbia University. He was a linguist and a professor of English, German, and Spanish, specializing in multi-lingual lexicography. From 1945 to 1949 he was director of Arabic studies at the Arabian American Oil Company in Saudi Arabia. His writings include the trade edition of his thesis entitled Lexical expansion due to technical change as illustrated by the Arabic of AI Hasa, Saudi Arabia. DrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982F Smeaton, Winifred Isobel Gray, born in 1903, he received a Ph.D. in 1941 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled The Ghassanids. NUC, pre-1956 Smet, Richard V. de, S.J., fl. 1972, he was affiliated with De Nobili College, Poona. His writings include Philosophical activity in Pakistan (Lahore, 1961), and he was joint editor of Religious Hinduism; a presentation and appraisal, by Jesuit scholars (Allahabad, 1964), and its translation, La quete de t'etemet (Paris, 1967). Note; NUC, 1956-67 Smieszek, Antoni J6zef, born 22 May 1881 at Oswiecirn (Auschwitz), Poland, he studied classical and Oriental Inaguages, and held the chair of Egyptology from 1921 to 1933 at Poznan, and from 1934 to 1939 at Warszawa. His writings include Genezapodania greckiego 0 Memnonie, kr61u etjop6w (1926), Notes on Egyptian accent as evidenced in Coptic nouns (1935), and Some hypotheses concerning the pre-history of the Coptic vowels (1936). He died in Gottingen on 12 January 1943. Egyptology; NEP Smilianskaia, Irina Mikhailovna, born 20 September 1925 at Moscow, she graduated in 1949 from the Institute of History, Moscow State University, gained her first degree in 1953 at Moscow with a thesis entitled AHmucjJeooanbHoe OaU>KeHUe a Cupuu a cepeounextx eeke, 1840-1860 ee., and gained a doctorate in 1981. Her writings include KpecmbflHcKoe OaU>KeHUe a Ilueene a nepeoit nonoeune XIX a. (1965), Couuem-no-ssonouuoecxe» cmpyKypa cmpen 5nU>KHeeO Bocmoke Ha py6e>Ke noeoeo apeMeHu (1979), and she edited t1cnaM a ucmopuu nepoooe Bocmose (1981), and rocyoapcmaeHHafi enecms u ouuecmeenno-nonuminucxue cmpyKmypbl a apa6cKux cmoeuex (1984). Miliband; Miliband 2 Smirnov, Aleksandr, fl. 19th cent., his writings include ttecnu KpecmbflH BnaouMupicKoii u KocmpoMcKoii eybepHiii (Moscow, 1847). NUC, pre-1956 Smirnov, Aleksei Petrovich, born in 1889 at Moscow, he was an archaeologist who gained his doctorate in 1944. He was from 1956 to his death in Moscow on 10 March 1974, head of the ScythSarmat Archaeology Section at the Institute of Archaeology in the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include ,apeaHfIfi ucmopun vyeeuiosoeo Hapooa (1948), Apxeonceuvecsue neunmnuku Ha meppumopuu MapuiicKoii ACCP u ux Mecmo a MamepuanbHoii Kynbmype nOaOn>Kbfl (1949), and he edited ktcmopueo-epxeonoeuuecxuc C60pHUK (1948), Apxeonoeuvecsue naMflmHUKU MocKabl U nooMOCKoabfl (1954), and 5awupcKuii epxeonoeuoecnu)C60pHUK (1959). KazakSE Smirnov, Gleb Vladimirovich, born 3 December 1918, his writings include 3Kcnopm 060pyooaaHufi xenumenuomuueceuteu cmoeneuu (1958). aSK Smirnov, lurii Andreevich, born 12 March 1923 at Vladikavkaz (Ordzhonikidze), he graduated in 1954 from the Military Institute of Foreign Languages, and gained his first degree in 1963 at Moscow with a thesis entitled CnO>KHO-nOOlluHeHHoe ttpeonoxenue c npuoamollHblMU onoeoenumensuunu a coepeMeHHOM naHo>Ka6u. From 1954 to 1984 he was attached to the Oriental Institute of the Soviet AcadWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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emy of Science. His writings include The composite sentence - complex and compound sentences; main problems (1966), and R3blK nenou (1970). He died 17 February 1984. Miliband; Miliband2 Smirnov, Konstantin Federovich, born early 20th cent., he was a writer on Central Asian archeology. His writings include Ceeepckuc «yoeen (1953), Ceeponemu (1964), CapMambl Ha UneKe (1975) 6 CapMambl U ymaep>KOeHUe ux nonumuuecxoeo eocnoocmee a CKUepUU (1984); and he was joint author of npOUC40>KOeHUe unooupenuee a ceeme noeeticsux epxeonoeuuecsux omxpumui: (1977). He died 8 October 1980. LC Smirnov, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, born in 1896 at Kovno (Kaunas), Lithuania, he graduated in 1924 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and gained a doctorate in 1941 with a thesis entitled POCCR U TYPU,UR a XVI-XVII ee. caeme epxuenoii bunnouemuuecxot: oOKyMeHmau,uu. Since 1948 he was attached to the Institute of History in the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include UcnaM a coepeuennui: Bocmo« (1928), KanMblKa (1928), MycynbMaHcKoe cexmenmcmeo (1930), 04epKu ucmopuu u3Y4eHuR ucnene a CCCP (1954), MIOPUOU3M Ha KaaKa3e (1963), and KpecmbRHcKoe OaU>KeHUe a Ilueene a nepeoti ttonoeune XI-X a. (1965). He died on 22 July 1983. Miliband; Miliband2 Smirnov, Sergei Rufovich, born in 1909 in Russia, he graduated in 1939 from the Faculty of Philology, Leningrad State University, and gained a doctorate in 1966 at Moscow with a thesis entitled np06neMbl ucmopuu Cyoene, 1821-1956. Since 1947 he was successively attached to the Institute of Ethnography, and the African Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include Boccmene Maxoucmoa a Cyoene (1950), ncmcoun Cyoene, 1821-1956 (1968), Africa as a Soviet scientist sees it (1974), and he edited A history of Africa (1968). Miliband; Miliband2 Unesco Smirnov, Vasilii Dmitrievich, born in 1846 at Astrakhan, he successively studied at the theological seminaries (.QyxoBHa~ CeMVlHapVl~) at Perm and St. Petersburg, before changing to Oriental languages at the latter institution. After there completing his study in 1871, he obtained a post at his alma mater, submitted his M.A. thesis in 1873, and subsequently became a lecturer in Turkish, a post which he held to his death. In order to deepen his knowledge of Turkish, he made several visits to Turkey, his first visit in 1875 and his last one in 1911. Concurrently he served until 1905 as a merciless censor of Islamic publications emanating from the Caucasus and Central Asia, so much so that his name became a synonym for hostility and grudge against Muslims. In 1887 he received a doctorate with a thesis entitled KpblMcKoe xencmeo noo eepxoeencmeou Omcmencxoi: Ilopmu 00 neuene XVIII aeKa. He was a sometime secretary to the Russian archaeological society. His writings include Typeuri» 0 Cenmoti Cotptu opyeux aU3aHmiucKux opeenocmnx (1898), and he was joint author of Manuscrits turcs de I'Institut des langues orientales (St. Petersburg, 1897). He died 25 October 1922. BiobibSOT; Mitteilungen zur osmanischen Geschichte 2 (1923-26), pp. 325-333; Wieczynski, v. 36, pp. 43-44 Smirnov, Viacheslav Pavlovich, born 6 August 1928 at Moscow, he graduated in 1950 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow. His writings include TYPU,UR; 3KOHOMUKa U aHeWHRR mopeoenn (1956), TyHUC; 3KoHoMu4ecKuu 04epK (1962), and he was joint author of 3KoHoMu4ebiKaR aeoapaepuR 5nU>KHeaO U cpeoneeo Bocmose (1969). Miliband2 Smirnova, Galina Ivanovna, born 28 August 1939 at Moscow, she graduated in 1961 from the Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, and gained her first degree in 1973 with a thesis entitled Ocnoenste np06neMbl unoycmpuenuseuuu Apa6cKou Pecnytinuku Eaunem, 1952-1970. Since 1967 she was attached to the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include Ocnoenue np06neMbi uHoycmpuanu3au,uu Eaunma, 1952-1977 (1980), and Ottum nueuccxoc peeoruouuu (1992). Miliband2 Smirnova, Iraida Anatol'evna, born 3 September 1928 in Russia, she graduated in 1951 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and received both her first degree in 1964 at Leningrad with a thesis entitled 06pa30aaHueCnO>KUbIX eneeonoe a IO>KHOM ouenekme KypocKoao R3blKa, and her doctorate in 1980 with a thesis entitled Kemeeopun uucne UMeHU U coepeuennux upenckux R3blKax. Since 1962 she was attached to the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Linguistics, Soviet Academy of Science. She was joint author of KypOCKuu ouenesm MyKpU (1968), and axonemuxe KypocKoao fl3blK8 (1985).

Miliband; Miliband2

Smirnova, Lidiia Pavlovna, born 30 April 1927 at Krasnokokshaisk, Russia, she graduated in 1950 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, where she also received her first degree in 1964 with a thesis entitled R3blK "Te'pux-u Cucmen'. Since 1964 she was attached to the Leningrad Branch of the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include UcepaxaHcKuu eoeop; uemeouenu K u3Y4eHuIO (1978), and Mamepuanbl no ucmopuu upenoeoysuncrux eseuuoomnotuenuti a neuene X VII aeKa (1988). She died on 8 December 1992. Miliband; Miliband2

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Smirnova, Nina Dmitrievna, fl. 1953, she was attached to the Institute of History, Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include 06pa30saHue Hepoonoi: Pecnytinuxu An6aHuu, 1939-1946 (1960), 5anKaHcKafi nonumuke tpeuiucmcxoc tlfmanuu (1969), tlonumuse tlfmanuu Ha Benxenex; ovep« ounnovemuveceot: ucmopuu, 1922-1935 ee. (1979), and she was joint author of Kpemxe« ucmopun An6aHuu (1965). Smirnova, Nina Sergeevna, born 29 June 1908 in Russia, she gained a doctorate in 1951, and was appointed a professor in 1953. She edited OllepKu xesexcsot: nepoouot: n033UU coeemcxoti snoxu (1955), Kesexcxe» nepoone» n033UlI (1964), and tlfcmopufl Ka3axcKo{J numepamypbl (1965). KazakSE Smirnova, Ol'ga Ivanovna, born in 1910 at Petrodvorets (Petergof), Russia, she graduated in 1934 from the Institute of Historial Linguistics, Leningrad, and received her first degree in 1945 with a thesis entitled Coeouttcxut) HYMu3MamulIecKu{J uemepuen KaK ucmounu« ucmopuu CpeOHe{J A3UU npeucneucxoeo nepuooe. Since 1935 she was attached to the Leningrad Branch of the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include Kamanoa MOHem c eoooouius neHO>KUKeHm; nemepuenu 1949-1956 (1963), OllepKu U3 ucmopuu coeoe (1970), and CSOOHbliJ «emenoe coeouucsux MOHem (1981). She died on 13 January 1982 Miliband; Miliband2 Smith, Abdullahi, born 9 May 1920 in England as Henry Frederick Charles Smith. During the second World War he served with the British Army in a predominantly Muslim part of India. In his leisure time he attached himself to a shaykh in order to learn Urdu, Persian, and later also Arabic. After demobilization, he succeeded in securing a bursary that allowed him to pursue his university education at Cambridge. After graduation in 1946, and an M.A. in 1951, he joined the Sudan Civil Service as an educational officer in Omdurman. In 1955 he accepted an appointment as a lecturer in the Department of History in University College, Ibadan. In 1962 the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, invited him to set up its Department of History. In 1969 he became a naturalised Nigerian and embraced Islam. He founded the Historical Society of Nigeria and its Journal, and established Arewa House, a centre for historical documentation and research, Zaria, whose director he was until his retirement in 1980. His writings include A little new light; select writings (1987). He died in Zaria, 12 June 1984. A commemorative volume was published in 1986 entitled A giant of a man; tributes to Professor Abdullah Smith. Afkar/inquiry 2, no. 1 (January 1985), pp. 56-58; AfrBiolnd (1); LC

Smith, Anthony David, born 23 September 1939, he was a 1962 graduate of Oxford, received a Ph.D. in 1970 from L.S.E., and later served as a lecturer in sociology. His writings include Theories of nationalism (1971), The concept of social change (1973), State and nation in the Third World (1983), The ethnic origins of nations (1987), and he edited Ethnicity and nationalism (1992). ConAu 101 Smith, Azariah, born 16 February 1817 at Maulins, N.Y., and educated at Yale College, Geneva (N.Y.) Medical College and New Haven Divinity School; he was ordained in 1842. He went to Turkey as a missionary in 1842. In 1847 he was assigned to Aintab (Gaziantep). He was a pious and zealous medical missionary who founded in Diyarbakir, in 1851, a small Protestant church in which he recognized as communicant members only those who were of reputed piety. This experiment had a turbulent history and was of short duration. He died in Aintab, 3 June 1851. Richter, pp. 122-123; Shavit Smith, Bernard Joseph Leo Gilliat, 1883-1973 see Gilliat-Smith, Bernard Joseph Leo Smith, Byron Porter, born in 1889, he graduated in 1910 from the College of Wooster in Ohio and received a Ph.D. in 1940 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Islam in English literature. He was a professor emeritus of English at AUB. He died suddenly on 12 February 1955 at his home in Orlando, Fla. 1955. NYT 15 February 1955, p. 27, col. 4; Selim Smith, Charles Daniel, born 14 April 1936 at Fall River, Mass., he graduated in 1958 from Williams College, and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Michigan University with a thesis entitled Muhammad Husayn Haykal; an intellectual and political biography. In 1967 he was appointed a professor of Islamic and modern Middle East history at San Diego State University. His writings include Islam and the search for social order in modern Egypt (1983). DrAS, 1974-1982 H; MESA Roster of Members, 1990; Selim Smith, Charles Gordon, born in 1921, he was a fellow of Keble College, Oxford, and became a lecturer in geography in the University of Oxford. He served in the Middle East during the 1939-1945 war, and frequently revisited the area. He edited Oxford and its region; geographical essays (1975). Note; NUC Smith, Charles Ryder, born in 1873 at Mansfield, Notts., he obtained a doctorate in divinity, and became a principal of Richmond College, and a professor in theology at London University. He retired in 1940. His writings include What the Churches stand for (1922), and The religion of the Hebrews (1935), The Bible doctrine of man (1951). He died in 1956. Master (1); WhE&EA; Who was who, 5

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Smith, Clarence Jay, born 8 April 1921 at Newnan, Ga., he received a Ph.D. in 1953 from Harvard for Legacy to Stalin; Russian war aims, 1914-1917. Since 1949 he was a professor of history at the University of Georgia. During 1965/66 he held the Ernest and J. King Chair of Maritime History at the U.S. Naval War College, Westport, R.1. DrAS, 1969, 1974H Smith, Clive K., born early 20th cent. After serving as a district officer in the Overseas Civil Service, he joined in 1965 the British Council, working in Libya, Sarawak, and from 1973 to 1978 in the Yemen. In 1980 he was British Council representative in the Sudan. Note Smith, David Eugene, born in 1860 at Cortland, N.Y., he was a mathematician who obtained several doctorates and taught his subject at a number of American colleges; he finished his career in 1926 at Columbia University as a professor emeritus. He died in 1944. AmAu&B; DAB; DcNAA; Master (4); WhAm, 2; WhNAA

Smith, Denys H. H., born in 1899, he was a Cambridge graduate and subsequently was a teacher until the late 1940s when he joined the Paris bureau of The Morning Post. From 1952 to 1961 he was head of the Washington bureau of the London Morning Post and of the Daily Telegraph. His writings include America and the Axis war (1942). He died on 28 October 1962 at his home in Washington of a heart attack. NYT 30 October 1962, p. 35, col. 2 Smith, Edmund W., born 19th cent., he was affiliated with the Archaeological Survey of India. His writings include Portfolio of Indian architectural designs (1897), The Mughal architecture of FathpurSikri (1898), Mughal colour decoration of Agra (1901), Akbar's tomb, Sikandarah, near Agra (1909), and he was joint author of The Sharqi architecture of Jaunpur (1889). He also was a contributor to the Journal of Indian art. He died in 1901. NUC, pre-1956 Smith, Eli, born 13 September 1801 at Northford, Conn., educated at Yale College, Andower Theological Seminary, and ordained in 1826, he served under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and in the 1820s was sent to Malta and Beirut, especially to superintend the printing establishment; this remained the centre of his activity until his death. Together with Rev. Wm. Goodell, he undertook in 1830 and 1831 the exploration of eastern Asia Minor and Transcaucasia, which is described in Researches in Armenia (1833). In 1837, 1838 and 1852 he accompanied Dr. Robinson, the explorer of Palestine, on his journey. His greatest achievement was his Arabic translation of the New Testament, the Pentateuch and some of the Prophetic Books. He died in Beirut, 11 January 1857. Master (11); Richter, 196-197; Shavit; WhAm, H

Smith, Emilie Savage see Savage-Smith, Emilie Smith, Gary Vincent, born 11 January 1943 at Torrington, Conn., he graduated in 1964 at Villanova University, and received a Ph.D. in 1976 at Lehigh University for Daybreak in Ala-bama; reflections and observations on the Black academic experience. He taught political science at a number of U.S. colleges before he became a professor of political science at Alabama State Univer-sity, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Zionism; the dream and the reality (1974). ConAu 101; NatFacDr, 1995

Smith, Sir George Adam, born 19 October 1856 at Calcutta, he was a graduate of Edinburgh University and from there proceeded to New College, Edinburgh, for the divinity course which was the basis for his future career. At this time he laid the foundations of his lifelong interest in the Holy Land by travels in Egypt and Palestine and by learning Arabic. In 1892 he was elected professor of Old Testament language, literature and theology at the Free Church College, Glasgow, where he remained until he accepted a Crown appointment in 1909 as principal of Aberdeen University. His writings include The historical geography of the Holy Land (1894), and Syria and the Holy Land (1918). He died in 1942. Geographers 1 (1977), pp. 105-106; Vogel, p. 320; Who was who 4

Smith, Gerald Rex, born about 1936, he graduated in Arabic from SOAS, and received a Ph.D. in 1976 for The Ayyubis and early Rasulids in the Yemen; a detailed study of Ibn Hatim's "Kitab a/-Simf' and its historical setting. From 1961 to 1965 he served as assistant adviser in the Western Aden Protectorate. He was a lecturer in Arabic at Cambridge University, 1970-75, attached to the Department of Oriental Manuscripts and Printed Books in the British Museum, 1975-78, and since 1978 a lecturer in Arabic at Durham University. His writings include Medieval Muslim horsemanship (1979), and he edited and translated The book of the superiority of dogs over many of those who wear clothes (1978), and he edited R.B. Serjeant's collected essays entitled Society and trade in South Arabia (1996). Private; Sluglett Smith, Gerard, born 25 April 1896 at Sioux City, Iowa, he graduated from St. Louis University, subsequently studied at Jesuit colleges in England and France, and received a Ph.D. in 1936 from the University of Toronto. He successively became a professor of philosophy at St. Louis and Marquette Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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universities. His writings include Natural theology (1951), Christian philosophy and its future (1971), and he was joint author of Philosophy of being (1983). DrAS, 1969, 1974 P Smith, Goldwin, born in 1823 in England, he was educated at Eton and Oxford, and called to the bar. He leaned toward the Manchester school of laissez-faire economics, shared a contemporary disdain for political parties, and became involved in educational reform aimed at keeping ecclesiastical influence out of education. He was a major political writer who felt that Islam was incapable of fostering industry and beset by fatalistic torpor. He was from 1858 to 1866 Regius Professor of History at Oxford, a delegate to the U.S. in 1864 on behalf of English sympathizers with the northern cause in the civil war, and from 1868 to 1870 a teacher at Cornell University. He settled in Toronto in 1871. His main work in Canada was literary and editorial; he also provided organs for Canadian writings. He died in Toronto, in 1910. Bioln 1,2,4; Canadian, 1898-1910; CelCen; DcBiPP; DNB; Master (22); OxCan; WhAm, 1; Who was who, 1

Smith, Grace Martin, born early 20th cent., his writings include Varqa ve GOloah; a fourteenth century Anatolian Turkish mesne vi (1976), The poetry of Yunus Emre (1993), and he was joint editor of Manifestations of sainthood in Islam; papers (1994). LC Smith, Harold Boyt, born 18 June 1904 at Constantine, Algeria, he graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University with the class of 1925, and subsequently studied at the Hartford Seminary Foundation, where he took a B.A. in 1929 and a Ph.D. in 1937 for Gems of wisdom from the heart of the prophetic messages; a translation of Ibn Arabi's "Fusus al-hikam fi khusus al-kalam." He was a professor of philosophy and religion at the American University, Cairo, from 1938 to 1948, when he became a professor at Wooster College, Ohio. DrAS, 1969, 1974F Smith, Hedrick Lawrence, born 9 July 1933 at Kilmacolm, Scotland, he graduated from Williams College, and obtained several doctorates. He became a journalist and television commentator, and was an authority on Russians and Russia. His writings include The Russians (1976), The power game (1988), The new Russians (1991), and its translation, Die neuen Russen (1991). BlueB, 1973174, 1975, 1976; ConAu 65-68, new rev. 41; EncTwCJ; IntAu&W, 1982, 1986; WhoAm, 1976-88/89,2001; WrDr, 1980/82-2001

Smith, Henry Frederick Charles, 1920-1984 see Smith, Abdullahi Smith, Henry Preserved, born in 1847 at Troy, Ohio, of Puritan descent, he was a graduate of Amherst College, and Lane Theological Seminary. He also studied at the Universltat Berlin from 1872 to 1874, and visited Palestine in the spring of 1873. In 1876-77 he studied at Leipzig, whence he retained a lifelong conviction of the relevance of J. Wellhausen's Biblical criticism. He held a chair at the Lane Theological Seminary from 1877 to 1893, which he resigned because of the charge of heresy brought against him by the Cincinnati Presbytery. He moved to New England, where he became a professor and librarian. His writings include Bible and Islam (1897), Old Testament history (1903), and The religion of Israel (1914). He died in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., in 1927. Bioln3; DAB; DcNAA; EncAm; Master (6); NatCAB 23, pp. 174-175; WhAm, 1; WhNAA

Smith, Jane Idleman, born 23 August 1937 at Baltimore, Md., she graduated from Michigan State University in 1959, from Hartford Theological Seminary in 1962, and received a Ph.D. in 1970 at Harvard. She was a professor of religion at Harvard since 1973. In 1976 she was a fellow at the American Research Center in Egypt. Her writings include the trade edition of her thesis, The concept of "Islam" in the history of Qur'anic studies (1975), she edited Women in contemporary Muslim societies (1980), and she was joint editor of Muslim communities in North America (1994). ConAu 107; DrAS, 1974-1982P Smith, John Masson, born 13 February 1930 at Cambridge, Mass., he was a graduate of Harvard, and received a Ph. D. in 1964 from Columbia University. Since 1963 he was a professor of Near and Middle East history at the University of California, Berkeley. His writings include The history of the Sarbader dynasty, 1336-1381 A.D., and its sources (1970), a work which was originally presented as his doctoral dissertation. DrAS, 1969-1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1990; Schoeberlein Smith, Joseph Russell, born of Quaker parents near Lincoln, Va., on 3 February 1874, he graduated in 1898 from the University of Pennsylvania, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1903. He taught economic geography successively at this alma mater and Columbia University, N.Y.C. His writings include The Organization of ocean commerce (1905), and Tree crops (1929). He died in 1966. AmAu&B; Annals of the Association of American Geographers 57 (1967), pp. 198-200; Bioln 7; ConAu 13-14; Geographical review 57 (1967), pp. 128-130; NYT 27 February 1966, p. 84, col. 6; WhAm,6; WhNAA

Smith, Lewis Ferdinand, born 18th cent., he was a major in the service of Daulat Rao Sindhia, Maharaja of Gwalior, 1780-1827, an experience which he described in A sketch of the rise, progress and termination of the regular Corps formed and commanded by Europeans in the service of the native princes of India (1805). His other writings include The tale of the four durwesh, from the Oordoo Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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tongue of Meer Ummun (1825), and another edition entitled Translation from the Bagh 0 bahar (1851). Britlnd (1)

Smith, Margaret, born in 1884, she received a Ph.D. in 1928 from the University of London for The life and teachings of Rabi'a' a/-'Adawiyya a/-Qayriyya of Basra together with some account of the place of the women saints in Islam. Her writings include Rabi'a the mystic & her fel/ow-saints in Islam (1928), Studies in early mysticism in the Near and Middle East (1931), An early mystic of Baghdad (1935), Readings from the mystics of Islam (1950), and The Sufi path of love; an anthology (1954). NUC, pre1956; Sluglett

Smith, Margaret Dunlop, 1843-1920 see Gibson, Margaret Dunlop nee Smith Smith, Michael Garfield, born 18 August 1921, he graduated in 1948 from University College, London, where he also reveived his Ph.D. in 1951. From 1978 to his retirement in 1986 he was a professor of human environment at the Department of Anthropology, Yale University. His writings include The economy of Hausa communities of Zaria (1955), A framework of Caribbean studies (1955), and The affairs of Daura (1978). He died 5 January 1993. Unesco; Who, 1974-1993 Smith, Myron Bement, born 19 January 1897 at Newark Valley, N.Y., he was a trained architect who received his Ph.D. in 1947 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Under the auspices of the American Council of Learned Societies, he went from 1933 to 1937 to Iran on an architectural and archaeological mission. As an expert on Islamic and Iranian architecture and history he later joined the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago and devoted more than thirty years to developing Islamic archives of photographs. His writings include Material for a corpus of early Iranian Islamic architecture (1935), and Investigation of the use of photo documents in the teaching of the languages, cultures, and civilization of the Near East (1970). He died 21 March 1970 at the Washington Hospital Center. Bioln 9; DrAS, 1969 H; NatCAB 55, pp. 539-540; Shavit

Smith, Percy, born about 1875, he was educated at the University of London. After he received his B.D., he served from 1899 to 1909 as a missionary under the British North African Mission in Constantine, Algeria. "Early in 1910 he became identified with the new mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church in North Africa, having charge of the Muslim work at Constantine. With his wife, he established late in 1910 the first Arab Boys' Home of the Mission." In 1921, he was relieved of all duties so that he could give himself more fully to literary work, and a Theological Training Class. From 1923 until his death in 1932, he was occupied wholly with literary production and publication, with some teaching in the Theological School at Algiers. "His chief literary work was the translation of the New Testament and parts of the Old Testament into the modern Arabic of Algeria, and the writing, translating and revising of hymns for the Arabic Hymn Book which he produced and which was used by all the missions. MW 23 (1933), p. 91 II

Smith, Peter Rodney Peatfield, born 27 November 1947, he received a Ph.D. in 1982 from the University of Lancaster for A sociological study of the Babi and Baha'i religions. His writings include The Babi and Baha'i religions, from messianic Shi'ism to a world religion (1987), and The Baha'i religion (1988). LC Smith, Reginald Bosworth, born 28 June 1839, he was educated at Marlborough and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was a fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, and assistant master, Harrow School. His writings include Mohammed and Mohammedanism (1874), Carthage and the Carthaginians (1878), and Roe and Carthage (1881). He died in 1908. Buckland; DNB; Master (4) Smith, Rennie, born in 1888, he graduated in economics and political science at the University of London. His writings include General disarmament or war? (1927), Peace with China (1927), and Peace verboten (1943). He died in 1962. Britlnd (4); Who was who, 6 Smith, Reuben William, born 2 May 1929 at Burlingame, Calif., he was a graduate of the University of California at Berkeley, and received a Ph.D. in 1963 from Harvard University for The Kitab al-Amwal of Abu Ubaid a/-Qasim ibn Sal/am. After teaching at AUB, he became in 1965 a professor of Islamic history at the University of Chicago. Under a contract with the U.S. Office of Education he prepared a report of research entitled Islamic civilization in the Middle East; course syllabus (1965). DrAS, 1969 H; Selim; WhoAm, 1982/83, 1984/85; WhoWest, 1982/83, 1984/85

Smith, Richard A., fl. 1963, he was affiliated with Padgate Training College in the University of Southampton. Note Smith, Sir Robert Murdoch, born 18 August 1835, he was educated at Kilmarnock, and Glasgow University, and entered the Royal Engineers in 1855. He participated on an archaeological expedition to Asia Minor and was largely instrumental in discovering the site of Mausolus' tomb, one of the seven

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wonders of the ancient world. In 1860-61 he explored the Cyrenaica. In 1865 he became director of the British Telegraph Department, Tehran, and lived in some style in newly built houses and, during the summer, at Gulhek, driving around in a four-in-hand phaeton brought from London. In behalf of the South Kensington Museum he collected Persian material. In the course of a few years he bought and shipped home, with the approval of the Persian authorities, a large variety of Persian antiquities ranging from ceramics and metalwork to textiles and lacquer work; also a number of Qajar paintings, bought for a few shillings each, discarded by Nasir ai-Din Shah on his return from Europe in favour of European pictures. In 1876 the South Kensington Museum put its now excellent Persian collection on display, and he wrote a descriptive handbook for the occasion, Persian art. Shortly after leaving Tehran in 1885 he became director of what is now the Royal Scottish Museum and was mainly responsible for establishing that Museum's Persian collection. His writings include History of the recent discoveries at Cyrene (1864), and Guide to the Persian collection of the Museum (Edinburgh, 1896). He died in 1900. Buckland; DNB; Riddick; Who was who, 1; Wright Smith, Samuel, born in 1836 at Kirkcudbright, Scotland, he was educated at Borgue Academy, Liverpool. He became an M.P. for Liverpool in 1882, and for Flintshire, in 1886. He was a president of the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce, and devoted much time and attention to Indian affairs, and also toured that country. He was a bimetallist. His writings include Bi-metallic money (1879). He died in 1906. Buckland Smith, Thomas, born in 1638 at London, he was a graduate of Queen's College, Oxford, 1657. He became a fellow of Magdalene College, and was distinguished for his knowledge in the Oriental languages. He accompanied the English ambassador to Constantinople in 1668 and returend thence in 1671. His writings include Remarks upon the manners, religion and government of the Turks (1678), and An account of the Greek Church (1680). He died in 1710. Bioln 6; Britlnd (10); DcBiPP; DNB Smith, Tony Anthony, born in 1942, he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Harvard for French extremism in response to the Algerian revolution, 1954-1962. He was appointed in 1975 a professor of political science at Tufts University, Medford, Mass., a post which he still held in 2001. His writings include The French stake in Algeria, 1945-1962 (1979), The pattern of imperialism (1981), Thinking like a communist (1987), and America's mission (1994). LC; NatFacDr, 2000, 2001 Smith, Vincent Arthur, born in 1848 in Ireland, he received an M.A. from Trinity College, Dublin, and then entered the Indian Civil Service. He was posted to the North West Frontier and Oudh until he became a magistrate-collector in 1889, district judge in 1895, chief secretary in 1898, and commissioner also in 1898. After his retirement in 1900, he was a reader in Indian history and Hindustani in the University of Dublin, 1902-1903. His writings include Akbar the great Mogul (1902), and The Oxford history of India, from the earliest times to the end of 1911 (1919). He died in 1920. Buckland; DclrB; DNB; Riddick; Who was who, 2

Smith, Wilbert B., born in 1883 at Camden, N.Y., he was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and of New York University. He went to India in 1914 where he served as a student secretary of the Y.M.C.A. in Poona, and as an Army YMCA secretary during the first World War. In 1917 he moved to Bombay where he was general secretary of the YMCA until 1919. After a furlough in the United States, he was sent to Cairo in 1920 to establish YMCA work in that country. From 1932 he served for several years in the N.Y.C. headquarters of the International Committee. He later returned to Egypt until 1942, during which time he also carried the senior secretaryship of the YMCA for Palestine. He served at the YMCA headquarters in New York until his retirement in 1945, when he moved to Wilmington, Del., where he served as executie secretary of the Council of Churches until his resignation in 1954. He died in Wilmington, Del., on 19 June 1962. Muslim world 52 (1962), p. 330 Smith, Wilfred Cantwell, born 21 July 1916 at Toronto, he graduated from the University of Toronto with an honours B.A. in Oriental languages in 1939, and studied also at Grenoble and Madrid, with later research at Cairo, Cambridge and Princeton, N.J. He spent seven years in India where he was ordained a minister and taught history at the Forman Christian College and the University of the Punjab, Lahore. After his return home he gained both his M.A. and Ph.D. at Princeton. In 1952 he founded the Institute of Islamic Studies at McGill University, Montreal, P.Q. He next helped establish the Centre for the Study of World Religions at Harvard, and in 1973 he left for Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., to start a department of comparative religions. Five years later he returned to Harvard where he became professor emeritus of comparative study of religions on his retirement in 1984. His writings include Islam in modern history (1959) The meaning and end of religion (1963), and Faith and belief (1979). He died in February 2000. Canadian,1949-1999; Cragg; National post, 11 February 2000, p. A-20;

DrAS, 1969-1982 P; IntYB, 1998; Master (9); MELA notes 64 (1997), pp. 27-36; MESA bulletin 34 (2000), pp. 156-157; MidE, 1978/79-1982/83; Selim WhoAm, 1974/75-1982/83

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Smith, William Robertson, born 8 November 1846 at Keig, Aberdeenshire, he never went to school, but was educated at home by his father, a free Church minister. He studied theology at New College, the theological hall of the free church in Edinburgh, and also at Bonn and Gottingen. In 1870, he was elected to the chair of oriental languages in the free Church College of Aberdeen, a post which he held to an ignominious ending in the late 1870s. He then spent two winters in Egypt and Arabia. On the suggestion of his friend, William Wright, he applied in 1882 for the vacant post of Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic at Cambridge, and the application, which was supported by testimonials from practically all the specialists in Europe - including de Goeje, Guidi, von Kremer, Spitta, Wellhausen was successful. From 1881 to 1888, he was editor in chief of the ninth edition of the Encyclopcsdia Britannica. His writings include Kinship and marriage in early Arabia (1885), Lectures on the religion of the Semites (1889), and its translation, Die Religion der Semiten (1899). He died in 1894. Britlnd (3); CelCen; DNB; EncBrit; Encltaliana; FOck; JRAS, 1894, pp. 594-603; Master (11); Pallas; RNL

Smith, Sir William Sidney, born 21 June 1764, he was one of the most famous sailors of his day. In 1807 he destroyed a Turkish fleet at Abydos. His writings include The life and correspondence of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith (1848). He died in 1840. CelCen; DcBiPP; DNB; EncBrit; Encltaliana; Hommes et destins, vol. 2, pp. 692-693; Pallas; WhoMilH, 1987

Smock, David Robert, born in 1937, he received a Ph.D. in 1964 from Cornell University for From village to trade union in Africa. He was an anthropologist whose writings include Conflict and control in an African trade union (1969), Religious perspectives on war; Christian, Muslim, and Jewish attitudes (1992). He was also joint a author of Politics of pluralism; a comparative study of Lebanon and Ghana (1975), and Cultural and political aspects of rural transformation; a case study of eastern Nigeria (1972), and he edited Making war and waging peace (1993). LC; NUC Smogorewski, Kazimierz (Casimir) Maciej, born 24 February 1896 at Sosnowiec, Poland, he was a journalist, and founding editor of Free Europe, London, from 1939 to 1945. His writings include Union secre polonaise (1929), and Poland's access to the sea (1934). BN; Czywiesz, 1938; NEP; Polski (5) Smogorzewski, Zygmunt, born in 1884 at St. .Petersburg, he studied at St. Petersburg, where he started his teaching career before the first World War. He also travelled extensively in the Arab world and Turkey. Since 1924 he was a professor of history of the Muslim East at twow. His writings include Zr6dla abadyckie do historje islamu w zarysie (1926). He died in 1931. Dziekan; NEP; Polski (5) Smolansky, Oles M., born 2 May 1930 in the Ukraine, he graduated in 1953 from N.Y.U., and received his Ph.D. in 1959 from Columbia University for The Soviet Union and the Arab East, 1947-1957. Since 1963 he was a professor of political science, and later also chairman of department, in the University of Lehigh, Behtlehem, Pa. His writings include The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Krushchev (1974), and he was joint author of The USSR and Iraq (1991). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 45-48, new rev. 1; MESA Roster of members, 1990; Selim

Smole, Anton Joze, born 12 June 1927 at Ljubljana, he was a journalist, party official, and a sometime ambassador. His writings include Tumo u A3uju (1955), and Spomini Titovega sekretarja, 1968-1970 (Ljubljana,1992). JugoslSa; Koje ko, 1957; WhoSocC, 1978, 1989 Smolensnski, Wfadyslaw, born 6 April 1851 at Warszawa, he was a professor of history at Warszawa. His writings include Dzieje narodu polskiego (1898). He died in 1926. NEP; NUC, pre-1956; Polski (10) Smolitsch, Igor Kornil'evich, born 27 January 1898 at Uman, Ukraine. After military service, 19161920, he spent three years in Constantinople. Since August 1923 he was resident in Berlin, where he studied history, literature and philosophy, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1934 from the Universitat for Ivan Vasil'evie Kireevskij; Leben und Weltanschauung. His other writings include Leben und Lehre der Starzen (1936), and Russisches Monchtum (1953). NUC, pre-1956; Thesis Smoor, Pieter, born first half 20th cent., his writings include Kings and Bedouins in the palace of

Aleppo as reflected in Ma1arri's works (Manchester, 1985). LC

Smouts, Marie Claude, born in 1941, she was a political scientist who was joint author of La France face au Sud; Ie miroir brise (1989), Le retournement du monde; sociologie de la scene internationale (1992), and joint editor of La politique exterieure de Valery Giscard d'Estaing (1985). LC Smyrniadis, Bion, fl. 1955, he gained a doctorate in law, and became a barrister-at-Iaw, and a jUdge in the Mixed Courts of Egypt. His writings include Les doctrines de Hobbes, Locke & Kant sur Ie droit d'insurrection (1921), H olJpaywyl3a sv A8Pvai «ata TIJV apyalOTIJTa TOV 50v «at TOV 40v TT.X. auova (1945), and 'H £laayy£Al3a sv TIJ ABlJval3wv TToAIT£l3a (1952). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Smythe, Emily Anne, 1826-1887 see Strangford, Emily Anne nee Beaufort, viscountess Smythe, Percy Ellen Frederick William, 8th viscount Strangford, born in 1826 at St. Petersburg, he was educated at Harrow, and Merton College, Oxford. A very good linqulst, Oxford nominated him in Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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1845 a student-attache at Constantinople. While in Turkey, where he served under Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, he mastered Turkish, Greek, Persian, and Arabic. He remained in the East for some years also after suceeding to the peerage in 1857. A Selection from his writings on political, geographical, and social subjects was published in 1869, the very year he died. Boase; Britlnd (2); Dictionary of national biography; Encyclopredia Britannica

Snavely, William Pennington, born 25 January 1920 at Charlottesville, Va., he graduated in 1940 from the University of Virginia, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1950 for with Postwar economic developments in Italy. After military service, 1942-1945, he taught economics for over twenty years at the University of Connecticut, before he went in 1973 to George Mason University, Fairfax, Va., as a professor. He also served as a consultant in Lebanon and Jordan. He was joint author of Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (1978). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu, 17-20; Master (2); WhoAm, 1974-1988/89,1994; WhoWor, 1974-1989/90

Snesarev, Andrei Evgen'evich, born in 1865, he was a mathematician who graduated in Moscow from the university, the observatory, and the infantry school. He served in Turkestan His writings include Ceaepo-uHoUUCKUU meamp (1903), BOCmOI.lHaR 5yxapa (1906), and AcjJaaHucmaH (1921), and 3mHoapacjJUl.leCKaR MHOUR (1981). He died in 1937. Great Soviet encyclopedia; Index Islamicus (3); Miliband; Miliband2

Snesarev, Gleb Pavlovich, born 15 June 1910 at St. Petersburg, he graduated in ethnography in 1930 from Moscow State University and received a first degree in 1970 without a thesis. He held posts in Uzbek museums until 1952, when he became attached to the Institute of Ethnography in the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include Penukmu oOMycynbMaHcKux eepoeenuti U 06pRooa y y36eKoa Xope3Ma (1969), noo He60M Xope3Ma (1973), its translation, Unter dem Himmel von Choresm; Reisen eines Ethnologen in Mittelasien (1976), and Xope3McKue neeeuou KaK UCmOI.lHUK no ucmopuu penueuosnux Kynbmoa CpeoHeu A3UU(1983). He died in 1989. Miliband2 Sneyd, Henry, fl. 1876, his writings include A selection of Psalms and hymns for public and private use (1849), and Cyllene; or, The fall of paganism (London, 1873). BLC; NUC, pre-1956 Sneyders de Vogel, Kornelis, born 27 December 1876 at Schiedam, the Netherlands, he studied classical philology at Leiden, Paris and Toulouse, and received a doctorate in 1903 at Leiden for Quaestiones ad conjunctivi usum in posteriore latinitate pertinentes, and a second doctorate in 1947 at Groningen for Les Mots d'identite et d'egalite dans les langues romanes (1947). He was a lecturer at a number of universities before he became a professor of Romance languages at Groningen. The Universite de Lyon conferred on him an honorary doctorate in 1939. His writings include Geschiedenis der Provenceetse letterkunde (1951). In 1947 he was honoured by Hommage a K. Sneyders de Vogel. Brinkman's; Wie is dat, 1948

Snidarsic, Radivoj, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1944 from the Technische Hochschule Wien for Rechteckplatten mit einem eingespannten Rand. GV Snider, Lewis W., born about 1935, he graduated in 1964 from Portland State University and received a Ph.D. in 1975 from the University of Michigan for Middle East maelstrom; the impact of global and regional influences on the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1947-1973. He was a research associate at Abbott Associates, Inc., and since 1975 also an assistant professor on the Faculty of the Claremont Graduate School, Claremont, Cal. In 1982 he was appointed chairman of the international relations department at Claremont. His writings include Arabesque; untangling the patterns of supply of conventional arms to Israel and the Arab states (1977), and he was joint author of Middle East foreign policy (1982). Contemporary authors, 119; Selim3

Snider, Nancy Viola, born in 1923, she received a Ph.D. in 1961 from the University of Michigan for An annotated bibliography of English works on Friedrich Nietzsche. In 1968 she was an associate professor of English at the University of Wisconsin - La Crosse. Note; NUC, 1968-1972 Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan, born 8 February 1857 at Oosterhout, Netherlands, he was educated at Leiden, where he obtained a doctorate in 1880 for Het Mekkaansch feest. He visited Mecca in 188485, and one year later, he was appointed instructor at Leiden. From 1889 to 1906 he was advisor to the Dutch Colonial Government for Arabian affairs, and, in 1891, he was sent for a year to Sumatra to study the Atjeh uprising, which is the subject of De Atjehers (1893-94). In 1906 he became professor of Arabic at Leiden, a post which he held until his retirement. He was visiting professor in Egypt in 1911 and in the United States in 1914. He was an explorer, scholar, politician, jurist, and the greatest Dutch Islamicist of his day, and one of the profoundest scholars in Europe. He died in Leiden on 26 June 1936. BiBenelux (1); BWN, vol. 2, pp. 523-526; Encyclopedie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, 8th deel (1939), pp. 366-369; FOck,231-233; Index Islamicus (5); JRCAS 24 (1937), pp. 193-194

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Snoy, Peter, born in 1928 in Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1961 from the Universitat Frankfurt with a thesis entitled Die Kafiren; Formen der wirtschaftlichen und geistigen Kultur. His writings include Bagot; eine dardische Talschaft im Karakorum (Graz, 1975). In the 1960s he was attached to the SOdasien-lnstitut in the Universltat Heidelberg. IWWAS, 1976/77 Snyder, Wayne William, born 15 March 1928 at Long Beach, CaL, he graduated in 1949 from the University of Southern California, and received a Ph.D. in 1963 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Money in a developing economy; a case study of Pakistan, 1953-61. He was Michigan University economic adviser in Rabat from 1970 to 1972, when he became a professor of economics at Sangamon State University, Springfield, Illinois. AmM&WS, 1973 S Soane, Ely Banister, born in 1881, he was probably the greatest authority of the day on Persian and Kurdish languages and customs. In 1903 he was appointed accountant of the Imperial Bank of Persia at Yezd, and subsequently was posted to Bushire, Shiraz, and Kermanshah. At the outbreak of the war he was the representative of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in Baghdad, but as soon as he returned to Britain he at once obtained employment with the Mesopotamian Political Department. After a brief term of tuition in the Intelligence Department, he was appointed editor of The Bazrah Times, a government organ. With the rank of major he was soon despatched into Bakhtiari territory on the particularly difficult and risky task of tracking down certain German and Persian seditionists who were endeavouring to stir up trouble in Arabistan and Bakhtiaristan by preaching a holy war. In the spring 1916 he was appointed governor of Dizful on behalf of the British. His final appointment was that of political officer at Sulaymaniyah. He was in bad health, contracted on active service, and was recommended a change of climate to the north coast of Africa, when he died at sea on 24 February 1923. His writings include Grammar of Kurmanji (1913), Notes on the tribes of southern Kurdistan (1918), Elementary Kurmanji grammar (1919), and To Mesopotamia and Kurdistan in disguise (1926), the second edition of which contains a memoir of the author by Sir A. T. Wilson. JCAS, vol. 10 ii (1923), pp. 171-172

Soane-Malcolm-Ellis, Mrs. Lindfield, she was the wife of Major Ely B. Soane, and since 1930 a member of the Royal Central Asian Society. In 1937 she was resident in London. Note Soave-Bowe, Clotilde, fl. 1978, she gained an M.A. at the National University of Ireland, Dublin, and became a lecturer in Italian at Trinity College, Dublin. Note Sobernheim, Moritz Sebastian, born 13 August 1872 at Berlin, he studied Oriental languages at MOnchen, Berlin, Wien, and Bonn, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1896 with a thesis entitled Ober die Madraset el'azwag von Mohammed 'Osman Galal. He was a private scholar and a student of epigraphy and medieval Islamic history. He accompanied a German archaeological expedition to Baalbek. From 1905 to 1914 he was a member of the Institut francais d'archeoloqie orientale. During the first World War he was attached to the Komitee fur den Osten, and since 1918, to the German foreign service. From 1926 to 1933 he was active in the Pro-Palastina-Komltee. His writings include Madraset el azwag; Comodie von Mohammed Osman Galal, transcribiert und ins Deutsche ubersetz: (1896), and the booklet, Baalbek in islamischer Zeit (1922). He died in Berlin on 5 January 1933. DtBE; DtBlnd (1); JOdLex; KOrschner, 1925-1931; Schwarz; Wininger

Sobh (Subh), Muhammad Mahmud, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in Semitic philology, with special reference to Arabic language and literature. He was a sometime professor of Arab and Islamic studies at the Departamento de Estudios Arabes e lslarnicos, Facultad de Filologia in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, a post which he still held in 1997. His writings include Poseso en Layla (1978). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; EURAMES, 1993 Sobhan, Rehman, born in 1935, he spent two years at LSE, and was in 1962 a reader in economics at the Department of Economics, Dacca University, and an editor of the Pakistan economic journal. In 1980 he was appointed a research director at the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Dacca. His writings include Basic democracies works programme and rural development in East Pakistan (1969), The crisis of external dependence (1982), The development of the private sector in Bangladesh (1990), and he was joint author of The economic perfomance of denationalised industries in Bangladesh (1990). LC Sobirov, Gadoiboi S., born early 20th cent., his writings include Peseumue uemenemun) 8 CpeaHeii (1966), and Teopuecsoe compyonuueosec Y4eHbix CpeaHeii A3UU 8 CaMapKaHacKoii HaY4Hoii iusone Yny6eKa (1973). LC; aSK

A3UU

Sobolev, Leonid Nikolaevich, born in 1844, he was an artillery general who participated in the 1877 Russo-Turkish war. His writings include Latest history of the Khanates of Bokhara and Kokand (1876),

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and Der erste FOrst von Bulgarien; Aufzeichnungen des russischen Generals und vormaligen bUlgarischen Ministerprasidenten (1886). He died 30 September 1913. EnBulg; EnSlovar vol. 60, pp. 645-46 Sobolevskii, Aleksei Ivanovich, born in 1856 at Moscow, he was a professor of linguistics at Kiev and St. Petersburg. His writings include tteoeeooe» numepamypa MocKoecKou Pycu XIV-XVII eekoee (1903), and he edited naneoapacjJulfecKie CHUMKU c pyCCKUX pyKonuceu XII-XVII eesoe (1901), and he was joint editor of Exempla codicum graecorum litteris uncialibus scriptorum (St. Petersburg, 1913). He died in 1929. GSE; NUC, pre-1956 Sobolevskii, Nikolai Dmitirevich, fl. 1948-1954, his writings include CKynbnmypHble tieusmnut«: MOCKoebl (1957), t1cKyccmeo - Hapooy (1963), and repoulfecKuu ttooeue Hapooa (1966). LC Sobotha, Ernest, born about 1900, he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1923 at Gottingen with a thesis entitled Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte und Charakterisierung der Landschaft des Unter-Eichsfeldes. He was a sometime Studienrat at a secondary school in Frankenberg/Eder. His writings include Geologische Wanderungen um Fulda (1933), and he was joint author of Hessen in Bild und Karle; Heimatkunde (1955). His trace is lost after a publication in 1978. LC; Note Sobredo y Rioboo, JOSe Ramon, born 7 October 1909 in Spain, he studied law, and in 1943 entered the diplomatic service. In 1964 he was Spanish ambassador to Jordan. BDEC; WhoSpain, 1963 Sobreques Vidal, Santiago, born in 1911 at Gerona, he studied history and law at Barcelona and received a doctorate in 1950. From 1969 to his death in 1973 he was a professor of history at Barcelona. His writings include Jofre III de Rocaberlf, senor de Peralada y el ocaso de la Edad Media en el Alto Ampurden (1955). Dice bio Socin, Albert, born in 1844 at Basel, he received a Dr.phil. in 1867 at Halle with a thesis entitled Die Geschichte des 'Alkama alfahl. After his doctorate he travelled in the East. He was a professor at TObingen until 1890 when he succeeded to the chair of Arabic at Leipzig. His writings include Arabische Grammatik (1885), Zum arabischen Dialekt von Marokko (1893), and he was joint author of Der arabische Dialekt der Houwara des Wad Sus in Marokko (1894). He died in Leipzig, 24 June 1899. DtBE; DtBilnd (4); Egyptology; FOck; Index Islamicus (2)

Socknat, James A., born 20th cent., he was a sometime member of the International Migration Project, Department of Economics in the University of Durham. He was joint author of Migration for employment abroad and its impact on ... the Yemen (1978), and The Yemen Arab Republic (1978). Socrat Khan, Assad es-Sultan, born 19th cent., he assembled a 35-page sales catalogue entitled Beautiful Oriental rugs and carpets; sale, March 24th, 25th, 26th, and 27th, 1909 (New York, The Alexander Press, 1909). NUC, pre-1956 von Soden, H. K. Hermann Freiherr born 16 August 1852 at Cincinnati, Ohio, he was a pastor and a university lecturer at Berlin. His writings include Reisebriefe aus Pelestlne (1898), Palastina und seine Geschichte (1899), Hat Jesus gelebt? (1911), and its translation, Has Jesus lived (1911). He died on 15 January 1914. DtBiind (7); Werist's,1912; Who was who, 1 von Soden, Wolfram Theodor Hermann Freiherr, born 19 June 1908 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1932 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled Der hymnisch-epische Dialekt des Akkadischen. Since 1934 he was successively a professor of ancient Near Eastern languages, with special reference to Akkadian, at the universities of Gottingen and Berlin. His writings include Arabische wehrsprachliche AusdrOcke (1942), GrundriB der akkadischen Grammatik (1952), EinfOhrung in die Altorientalistik (1985), and its translation, Introduction to the ancient world (1993). He died in MOnster, 6 October 1996. DtBiind (19; KOrschner, 1950-1996; Wer ist wer, 1955-1967//68; WhoAustria, 1959/60

Soderberg, Bertil Karl Josef, born 13 June 1912 at Norrkopinq, he studied theology, was ordained in 1935, and received a doctorate in ethnography in 1957. He was a sometime missionary in Equatorial Africa under the Svenska Missionsforbundet, and later served as a curator at the Ethnografiske Musset, Stockholm. His writings include Les instruments de musique au Bas-Congo et dans les regions avoisanantes; etude ethnografique (1956). DcScandB; Unesco; Vem er de; 1969-1999; WhoScand Soderlund, Dorothy, born in 1916 of Swedish background and West Coast upbringing, she graduated from a business college in Seattle. In 1937 began a career in the Department of State where she served for nine years, with assignments in Algeria, Italy, and Germany. After an affiliation with the World Bank, her life commitment really started in 1951 when she joined the Ford Foundation, where she worked in the fellowship program that evolved into the Foreign Area Fellowship Program. She died 11 December 1974. IJMES 7 (1976), pp. 597-598; Journal of Asian studies 35 (1975/76), pp. 101-102

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Soetting, Helmut, born 7 January 1946, he received a Dr.phil. in 1979 from the Universitat Hamburg with a thesis entitled Veranderungen in der Siedlungsweise bei den For im Jebel Marra (1979). Soen, Dan, born in 1933 at Jerusalem, he graduated in 1954 from the Hebrew University, and received a Dr.phil. in 1959 from the Universltat Wien with a thesis entitled Das Konigtum in Suaostssten. He was a research fellow in sociology and anthropology in Israel, New Zealand, Africa and Thailand, and a sometime research professor at the Interdisciplinary Center for Technological Analysis, Tel Aviv University, and an editor of its Review. He also edited New trends in urban planning; papers (1979), and he was joint editor of Cities, communities and planning in the 1980s (1984). LC; Note Sotiev, Makhad Makhmud ogly, born 2 January 1932 in the Georgian Soviet Republic, he graduated in 1957 from the Institute of History, Azerbaijan State University, and received his first degree in 1966 for Pecnpocmpnenue uoeil MapKcu3Ma neHUHU3Ma u KOMMyHucmuliecKoao OBU>KeHUR B Typu,uu B nepuoo neuuonenuto-ocecoooumensnot: 60pb6bl. Miliband" Soglian, Franco, 20th cent., his writings include La rivolutione russa (Milano, 1968), and he was joint editor of L'ipotesi del tripolarismo; Stati Uniti, URSS e Cina (1975). LC Sohraworthy, Abdullah al-Marnun, 1882-1935 see Suhrawardy, Sir Abdulla AI-Mamun Sohrweide, Hanna, born 12 March 1919 at Hamburg, she grew up in Berlin, where she also started to study Oriental languages at the Auslands-Hochschule, receiving a certificat in Turkish in 1940. Under wartime conditions, she was posted to Istanbul, where she became attached to the office of the German naval attache, but she also entered the circle of the German archaeological institute. In August 1944 she was interned in Yozgat in Anatolia. Returning to Istanbul in 1945, repatriation was impossible. She spent the following nine years working at the German hospital until her father provided for the completion of her study - Islamics, Turkology, ethnology - at Hamburg. She began to accept her frail health. In 1962, when first struck by a fatal illness, she recuperated mainly by completing her doctoral dissertation, Der Sieg der Safawiden in Persien und seine Ruckwirkung auf die Schiiten Anatoliens im sechzehnten Jahrhundert. With no chance of a university career, she was fortunate to become a free-lance collaborator with the cataloguing of Oriental manuscripts in Germany, a post which she held until her death in Hamburg on 5 December 1984. Concurrently she served for many years as a sympathetic instructor in Ottoman Turkish at the university, where she was an antipode of the chairman. Her writings include Turkische Handschriften und einige in den Handschriften enthaltene persische und arabische Werke (1974). Islam 63 (1986), pp. 1-4; Private; Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, 137 (1987), pp. 1-5

Sokolnicki, Michal, born 6 February 1880 at Kaszwice, Poland, he studied at Paris, Berlin, Heidelberg, and Bern, and became a historian, politician, and diplomat. His writings include. Les Origines de I'emigration polonaise en France, 1831-1832 (1910), General Michal Soko/nicki, 1760-1815 (1912), Cziernececie lat (1936), and Dziennik Ankaraski, 1939-1943 (1965). He died in 1967. Czy wiesz, 1938; NEP

Sokoloski, Metodija, born 15 May 1913 at Prilep, Macedonia, she was successively a professor at Skopje and Beograd. Her writings include Najamnina u staroj Jugoslaviji (1951), and she edited Turski dokumenti za istorijata na makedonskiot narod (1971). JugoslSA; Ko je ko Sokolov, Aleksandr Petrovich, born in 1816, he was a Russian natural scientist and a naval historian. He died in 1858. According to NYPL, an obituary appeared in MopcKoil C60pHUK of 1858, pp. 199-204 [not sighted]. EnSlovar Sokolov, Aleksei IAkovlevich, born 3 March 1922 at Kamenka, Penza Oblast, he graduated in 1947 from the Faculty of History, Central Asian State University, Tashkent, with a thesis entitled BmopaR eneno-eibeencse« eoane, 1878-1880 ae., and a doctorate in 1975 with a thesis entitled Topeoeen nonumuke Poccuu B CpeoHyil A3UU u peseumue pyccxo-eipeencn»: mopeoeux omnotuenuil. He became a lecturer in 1955, and a professor in 1977. Miliband 2 Sokolov, IUrii Aleksandrovich, fl. 1959, his writings include vuecmue mpyoRw,uXCR B oxpene COBemckoeo o6w,ecmBeHHoao nopRoKa (Moscow, 1962), Tetuxenm; meiunenmuu u POCCUR (Tashkent, 1965), and he was joint author of ilepmopeenuseuu« ylle6Hoao seeeoeuun (1968). LC Sokolov, Ivan Ivanovich, born in 1865, his writings include coomnnia MOHawecmBa B BU3aHmiilcKoil uepseu c nonoeunu IX 00 neuene XIII eese, 842-1204 (Kazan, 1894), Koucmenmunononscuee ueoxoe» B XIX BeKe (St. Petersburg, 1904), and he edited AneKcaHopiilcKie oOKyMeHmbl, om-nocsuui eCR K ucmopiu npeeocneenoti ueoxeu B Eeunme B XVIII u XIX cmoneminx (Petrograd, 1916). NUC, pre1956

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421 Sokolov, Sergei Aleksandrovich, born 10 November 1922 at Moscow, he graduated in 1946 from the Military Institute of Foreign Languages and gained his first degree in 1952 at Moscow with a thesis entitled 0 nesomopu» omeneeonsnux uuenex e mypeL(KOM fl3blKe. He obtained a doctorate in 1976 and became a professor in 1978. From 1967 to his death on 23 January 1983 he was attached to the Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow State University. His writings include YlIe6Hoe ttococue no mypeL(KoMy fl3blKy on» 2-ao Kypca (1961). Miliband; Miliband2 Sokolov, Sergei Nikolaevich, born 8 June 1923 in Cherepovets Oblast, he gained his first degree in 1958 at Leningrad with a thesis entitled JlfcmopulIecKoe peseumue «eysemuee e senebno-upencsu« nsurex. His writings include AeecmU{}CKU{} fl3blK (1961), and f/3b1K Aeecmu; ylle6Hoe nocotiue (1961), f/3b1K Aeecmu (1964), and the translation, The Avesta language (1967). He died on 14 June 1985. Miliband; Miliband2 Sokolov-Strakhov, Konstantin Ivanovich, his writings include 3UMHfIfi KaMnaHUfi s Kapenuu 8 1921/22 a. (1927), B eopnu» oonunex AcjJaaHucmaHa (1930), and rpa>KOaHCKafi 80{}Ha 8 AcjJ-aaHucmaHe, 1928-1929 aa (1931). NUC, pre-1956 Sokolova, Boika Borisova, fl. 20th cent., she taught literature, with special to English, at Sofia. Her writings include An6aHcKu 8b3pO>KOeHCKU neuem e 5bnaapufl (1979), Die albanische Mundart von Mandrica (1983), and Shakespear's romances as interrogative texts (1992). LC Sokolova, I. N., fl. 20th cent., the author of

ooeseonoeuuecau: cnoenu« (Moscow,

1966). NUC, 1968-72

Sokolova, Valentina Stepanovna, born in 1916 at Kronshtadt, she received her first degree in 1944 for oonemuxe maO>KUKCKOao fl3blKa, a work which was published in 1949. Since 1939 she was attached to the Oriental Institute in the Leningrad State University. In 1947 she became a lecturer. Her other writings include OllepKu no dionemuxe uoeucsux fl3blK08 (1953), Pyiuenceue U xycjJcKue mexcmu U cnoeepe (1959), 5apmaHacKue mescmu U cnoeep» (1960), Fenemuuecrue omnoiuenun fl3ayneMcsoeo fl3blKa U iuyenencxoi: fl3b1K080(J apynnbl (1967), and Fenemuueceue omnoiuenun MyHO>KaHCKOao fl3blKa U wyaaHo-fl3aynfiMcKo(J fl3b1K080{} apynnbl (1973). EST; Miliband; Miliband2 Sokolovskaia, Zinaida Kuz'minichna, born early 20th cent., her writings include 200 HayHblx tiuoepecjJu{} (1975), 300 6uoapacjJu{} YlleHblx (1980), 400 6uoapacjJu{} YlleHblx (1988), and she was joint author of A6y-p-Pa{}xaH an-5upyHu, 973-1048 (1973). LC Sokolovskii, Vladimir Mikhailovich, born 7 January 1930, he was a student of Central Asian fine art, and attached to the Oriental Section of the Hemitage (3pM~Ta)f() Museum, Leningrad. Schoeberlein Sola Sole, Jose (Josep) Maria, born 18 July 1924 at Igualada, Spain, he graduated in 1948 from Barcelona University, where he also received a doctorate in 1959. Since 1965 he was a professor of Spanish and Semitic philology at the Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. His writings include L'infinitive semitioue (1961), Inschriften aus Riyam (1964), Corpus poezia mozarabe (1973), and Sobre erebes, judios y marranos y su impacto en la lengua y literatura espanolas (1983). OrAS, 1969,1974,1978,1982 F

Solano, Solita, born in 1888 in New England, she spent time travelling in Greece, Crete, and Turkey before settling in 1922 in Paris, where she became a member of literary circles. Her writings include The uncertain feast (1924), The happy failure (1925), and The way up (1927). She died in Orgeval, France, 22 November 1975. ConAu 61-64,117; OLB4 Solano y Aza, Miguel, born 17 July 1922 at Madrid, he studied law at Madrid and Roma, and went to a school of diplomacy at Strasbourg. In 1945 he entered the Spanish foreign service. He was a sometime ambassador to Morocco. OBEC; IntWW, 1981-1983/84,2001; IntYB, 1981, 1982 Solarz, Stephen Joshua, born in 1940, he graduated in 1962 from Brandeis University. In 1975 he was elected to Congress. Master (6); WhoAm, 1978/78-1988/89; WhoAmP, 1973-1999/2000; WhoE, 1977-1991/92;

WhoGov, 1975, 1977

Solecki, Ralph Stefan, born 15 October 1917 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he graduated in 1941 from City College of New York, and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The Baradostian industry and the upper palaeolithic in the Near East. Since 1959 he was a professor of anthropology at Columbia University. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1976 P; ConAu 109; Shavit; WhoAm, 1974-1988/89 Soleillet, Paul, born 29 April 1842 at Nfmes, he visited Algeria in 1865 but had to return in the following year. He became recognized as a serious African explorer after he had reached the In-Salah Oasis in the years 1873-74. Inspired by the idea of joining the French colonies, he was the first to make concrete and practical proposals for a trans-Saharan railway. In pursuit of its realization he went in 1878 to Senegal, but the opposition to the project on the part of general L. A. E. G. Briere de l'lsle Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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(1827-1904) put a stop to his patriotic endeavour. Arrested on 13 December 1880 on the order of the governor, he had to give up. Supported by a French commercial society, he travelled to Shoa (Shewa), and Kaffa, Abyssinia, trying to open the area for French exports. The founding of Obock in French Somaliland is largely due to his mission civilisatrice trenceise. His writings include L'exploration du Sahara central; voyage d'Alger a l'oesis d'ln-9alah (1874), L'Afrique occidentale; Algerie, Mzab, Tildikelt (1877), and Obock, Ie Choa, Ie Kaffa; une exploration commerciale en Ethiopie (1886). He died in Aden, 10 September 1886, from a disease contracted on his extensive African travels. Ausland 59 (1886), p. 799; Embacher; GdeEnc; Revue de la Societe de geographie de Tours 3 (1886), pp. 297-303

Solignac, Marcel J., born 19th cent., his writings include Les recherches de petrole en Tunisie (1925), Carte geologique de la Tunisie; etude geologique de la Tunisie septentrionale (1927), Les pierres ectites de la Beroette orientale (1928), Recherches sur les installations hydrauliques de Kairouan et des steppes du Vile au X/e siec'e J.C. (1953), and he was joint author of Notice sur les vestiges prehtstoriques de la commune du Khroub (EI-Haria, Mhai'djiba, Ai'n-Nhas, Guechguech) et notamment sur les dessins rupestres de Kef-Sidi-Sa/ah (Constantine, 1912). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Soligo, Ronald, born in 1936, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from Yale University with a thesis entitled Factor intensity of consumption patterns ... in West Pakistan. He was a professor in the Department of Economics in Rice University, Houston, Tex., 1995-2001. His writings include Interpreting domestic terms of trade changes in Pakistan (1971). LC; NatFacDr, 1995-2001 Soliman, Lotfallah, born in 1918 at Mansurah, Egypt, he was a journalist who lived in France since 1966. His writings include Pour une histoire profane de la Palestine (1989). LC Solina, Mario, born early 20th cent., he gained a doctorate in law from the Universlta di Palermo. His writings include Appunti di diritto e procedura penale militare (1976). LC Solken, Heinz, born 29 July 1912 at Kassel, Germany, he studied ethnology and African languages at Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1939 with a thesis entitled Afrikanische Dokumente zur Frage der Entstehung der hausanischen Diaspora in Oberguinea. From 1936 to 1945 he was attached to the Institut fOr Afrikanische Sprachen and Kulturen, Berlin, and concurrently served as a lecturer in African languages at the German foreign office. After the war, he made a living as a private teacher until 1963, when he obtained a professorship at the Universitat Frankfurt, concurrently lecturing in African studies at Gie~en. He was joint author of Volker und Kulturen, Sprachen und Eingeborenenbeziehung in Afrika (1943). He died in 1980. Hommes et destins, vol. 9 (1989), pp. 434-435; KUrschner,1961-1980; Unesco Soller, Charles, born 26 April 1858 at Schiltigheim-Strasbourg, he had hardly finished with his education, when he set out for Portugal, Spain, and the Morrocan coast, where he succumbed to the lure of the black continent. Realizing the necessity of being linguistically prepared before successfully penetrating the African interior, he learned Arabic and various Berber dialects. In 1880 he was ready for his first exploration, crossing the Atlas Mountains and the Morrocan Sahara. In 1886 he was at Noun and Sous with a scientific and economic mission under the auspices of the Ministere de I'lnstruction publique et du Commerce. During another official mission in the following year, he accompanied Sultan Maulay ai-Hasan of Morocco on a campaign against his rebellious tribes in the heart of his empire. Subsequently he visited the western Sahara, including Cape Juby and Cape Mirik, Mauritania. In 1888, the Ministere de la Marine et des Colonies sent him to study on location the fishing potential of the Arguin Bank. Almost without interruption he pursued explorations until 1890, when his trace is lost. BN; IndexBFr2 Sollfrank, Joseph Kurt, born in 1934 at DinnkelsbOhl, Franconia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1964 at TObingen for Spuren altarabischer Rechtsformen im Koran. He was from 1970 to his retirement a subject specialist for Turkish at the Staatsbibliothek, Berlin. He died in 2003. JahrDtB, 1981; Schwarz Solomon, William Ewart Gladstone, born in 1880 at Cape Town, he was taken to England as a child, and educated at Royal Academy schools in London. After wartime service in Turkey and India, he became head of the Bombay School of Art. In that country he painted a variety of people. In 1941 he returned to South Africa. His writings include The Bombay revival of Indian art (1924), The charm of Indian art (1926), Mural paintings of the Bombay School (1930), Essays on Mogul art (1932), and Ajanta and the unity of art (1935). He died in Cape Town in 1965. Master (2); Riddick; Rosenthal; WhE&EA; Who was who, 6

Solomos, John, born 20 May 1955, he gained a doctorate and became successively attached to the Research Unit on Ethnic Relations in the University of Aston, and the Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations in the University of Warwick. His writings include Migrant workers in metropolitan cities (1982), Black youth, racism, and the state (1988), and he was joint editor of Racism and equal opportunity in the 1980s (1987), and The roots of urban unrest; papers (1987). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Solov'ev, V. I., a joint author, with Daniil I. IUsupov, of Apa6cKaR numepamypa; KpamKuu o-ep« (Moscow, 1964). NUC, 1956-67 Soltau, Irene Constance Whelpton, born 19th cent., she received an honours degree in theology in 1912 at Oxford, and in 1914 was married to Roger Henry Soltau. Her writings include The free woman; some inferences from the thought of Jesus Christ in relation to problems of personality and womanhood (London, Student Christian Movement, 1912). BlC; Who was who, 5 Soltau, Roger Henry, born in 1887 at Paris, he was educated at Paris and Pembroke College, Oxford. In 1914 he was married to Irene Constance Whelpton. From 1930 to 1948, and 1950 to 1952 he was a professor of political science at A.U.B. His writings include French parties and politics (1922), The economic functions of the state (1931), and An introduction to politics (1951). He died in 1953. Who was who, 5; WhE&EA

Solymossy, Sandor born in 1865 at Budapest, he gained a doctorate, and became a professor of ethnography at Szeged University. His writings include Uti rajzok (Budapest, 1901), Hongaarsche sagen (Zutphen, 1929), and Contes et teqendes de Hongrie (Paris, 1936). He died in 1945. Ki kicsoda, 1937 Somekh, Sasson, born 21 September 1933 at Baghdad, he graduated from Tel-Aviv University, and received a D.Phil. in 1968 from Oxford with a thesis entitled The novels of Nagib Mahfuz. From 1972 to 1975 he was a chairman of the Department of Arabic in Tel-Aviv University. His writings include The changing rhythm; a study of Najib Mahfuz's novels (1973), Genre and language in modern Arabic literature (1991), and he edited Studies in medieval Arabic and Hebrew poetics (1991); he was joint author of Hebrew-Arabic dictionary of contemporary Hebrew language (1985), and also translated Arabic literary texts. IntWWP, 1977/78, 1982; Sluglett; Wholsrael, 1972-1978 Somerset, FitzRoy Richard, Baron, 1885-1964 see Raglan, FitzRoy Richard Somerset, Lord Somerville, Robert Eugene, born 16 July 1940 at New Kensington, Pa., he graduated in 1964 from Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Yale for Cincilium Claromontese, 1095; a methodological study in Church history. In 1976 he was appointed a professor of religion and history at Columbia University, a post which he still held in 2001. His writings include The councils of Urban 1/ (1972), and Pope Alexander III and the Council of Tours, 1163; a study of ecclesiatical politics and institutions (1977). DrAS, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995-2001; WhoAm, 1988/89-1994 Sommer, Ernst, born 19th cent., he was in 1914 a teacher (Oberlehrer) at the Missionsseminar Uchtenhagen, Mark, Germany. Note Sommer, Francis Erich, born 18 February 1890 in Germany, he was educated in Germany and Belgium, where he received a diploma in business administration from the Institut superieur de commerce d'Antwerp. From 1911 to 1921 he was employed successively in an export business, the diplomatic service, and the Red Cross in Russia and Siberia. He was awarded a German Red Cross decoration. From 1921 to 1925 he was a manager of the German daily, Wachter und Anzeiger, Cleveland, Ohio. He subsequently became a special cataloguer and language expert at the Cleveland Public Library. His writings include the library gUides, Essentials of modern Russian (1940), Arabic writing in five lessons (1942), Reading Chinese (1943), Fundamental German for reference work (1945), Systems of writing used by mankind (1951), and he was joint author of A catalogue of incunabula and manuscripts in the Army Medical Library (1948). Nuc, pre-1956; WhoLibS, 1933 Sommer, H., born early 20th cent., he was a French engineer, and in 1960, chief surveyor of the Iranian Oil Exploration and Producing Company. Note Sommerfeldt, Friedrich Heinrich Gustav, born 3 March 1865 at Konigsberg, East Prussia, he was educated at Collegium Fridericianum, and studied history, geography, and philology at the Universltat Konigsberg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1888 with a thesis entitled Die Romfahrt Kaiser Heinrichs VI/, 1310-1313. Thesis Sommier, Stefano (Stephen), born in 1848 at Firenze, he was a botanist, anthropologist, and a traveller in Europe and Siberia. His writings include Un'estate in Siberia, fra Ostiacchi, Samoiedi, Sitien', Tatari, Kirghise e Baskiri (Firenze, 1885). He died in 1922. NUC, pre-1956 Somogyi, J6zsef (Joseph De Somogyi), born 19 October 1889 at Budapest, he was educated at Budapest where he was one of Ignaz Goldziher's last students. He received doctorates at Budapest University in 1922 and 1926. Thereafter he spent two years in France and three years in England doing post-graduate studies. Upon his return to Hungary, he procured an appointment at the Hungarian National Museum, and thereafter held several scholarly positions until he became a professor of Middle Eastern languages and Middle Eastern economic history at the Hungarian Oriental Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Commercial Academy. In 1947 he was relieved of his academic duties, and made to retire in April of 1950, on drummed up charges of plotting against the Hungarian state. It was not until 1957 that he was permitted to leave the country. He spent the following years in Austria and England until he emigrated to the United States under the auspices of the International Rescue Committee and Prof. H.A.R. Gibb. He held a variety of academic appointments in the U.S. as well as at the American Research Center in Cairo. His last academic post was as a visiting professor at Osmania University, Hyderabad, from 1969 to 1970. He was a naturalized American since 1964 and resided in the U.S. and Canada. His writings include A short history of Oriental trade (1968), and he was the translator from the Hungarian of I. Goldziher, A short history of classical Arabic literature (1966). He died in Budapest, 8 April 1976. DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H; LC; Studies in Islam, 15 (1978), pp. 145-47 Sonkoly, Istvan, born 21 December 1907, he was a musicologist who received a doctorate with a thesis entitled Peterfy Jen6 mint mObfral6. His writings include Kodaly, az ember, a mtivez, a nevel6 (1948), and Erkel Bank benie (1960). He died in Debrecen, 13 December 1988. MEL,1978-1991 Sonn, Tamara, born in 1949, she received a Ph.D. in 1983 from the University of Chicago for Bandali al-Jawsi's History of intellectual movements in Islam. LC Sonne, Isaiah, born 26 February 1887 at Galicia, Austria-Hungary, he received his higher education in Switzerland and Italy, and, although he subsequently taught in Lodz for a short time, he returned to Italy in 1925 to serve as a professor of Talmud and rabbinical literature at the Collegio rabbinica, Firenze. He served as a director of the Jewish theological seminary on Rhodes, from 1936 to 1938, when he was invited to the United States where he performed significant services as a teacher and library official at the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio. He died in 1960. Encyclopaedia Judaica; Jewish social studies, 23 (April 1961), pp. 130-132

Son neck, Constantin Louis, born 14 May 1849 at Paris, he was an interpreter in the Corps des interpretes de l'armee d'Afrique, where he rose from the rank of interprete auxiliaire de 2e cIasse (25 September 1867) to interpret» titulaire de 2e cIasse (24 November 1875). His trace is lost after a publication in 1899. Feraud, p. 350 Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, born 13 September 1926 at Berlin, he was educated at the University of Manchester, and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. He was a business consultant and a government official. His writings include Soviet style in international politics (1985), and he edited Soviet politics in the 1980s (1984). BioHbDtE; Bioln 10, 12; IntWW, 1975-2001; Master (3); WhoAm, 19801988/89,2001; WhoAmP, 1981-1997/98; WhoGov, 1972/73, 1977

Sonnenhol, Gustav Adolf, born to a rural family of modest substance on 25 January 1912 at Hottenbruch, Germany, he received a Dr.jur. in 1936 from the Universitat Marburg with a thesis entitled Sitte, Moral, Sittlichkeit und Recht im zukOnftigen Strafrecht. He entered the foreign service in 1939 and was from 1971 to 1977 an ambassador to Turkey. In his retirement he was a consultant to industry. His writings include SOdafrika ohne Hoffnung? (1978), and Die TOrkei - Land zwischen zwei Welten (1990). He died in Bonn, 21 January 1988. DtBE; Werist wer, 1976/77-1987/88 Sonnier, A., born about 1900, he was affiliated with the Institut des hautes etudes marocaines. His writings include Le regime juridique des eaux au Maroc (Paris, 1933), he was joint author of L'hydraulique et I'electricite au Maroc (1951), and he edited Code des eaux au Maroc (Rabat, 1935). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Sonolet, Louis Rene Joseph, born 15 November 1874 at Bordeaux, he was educated at La Rochelle and Rochefort-sur-Mer, and studied law and political science at the Sorbonne. He was a secretary of the Societe nationale des Beaux-Arts, and went on missions to French West Africa, 1908-1910, and to Morocco in 1914. His writings include L'Afrique occidentale trencetse (1912), and Methode de lecture et d'ecrlture de t'ecoiter africain (1915). He died in 1928. NUC, pre-1956; Qui stes-vous, 1924 von Sontheimer, Joseph, born 16 March 1788 at Gro~allmendingen on Danube, he studied theology, medicine, and Arabic. He was a military physician in WOrttemberg. His writings include GroBe Zusammenstellung Ober die Krafte der bekannten einfachen Heil- und Nahrungsmittle, von Abdallah ben Ahmed aus Malaga, Ebn Baithar (1840-42), and Zusammengesetzte Heilmittel der Araber nach dem fOnften Buch des Canons von Ebn Sina (1845). He died in Stuttgart, 22 JUly 1846. DtBiind (2); FOck,252 Sonyel, Salahi Ramadan, born in 1932, he gained a Ph.D., and was a sometime chairman of the Department of Social Science, Sedgehill School, London, a post which he held until his retirement in July 1987. His writings include Turkish diplomacy, 1918-1923 (1975), The Turko-Greek conflict (1977), The displacement of the Armenians (1978), and AtatOrk, the founder of modern Turkey (Ankara, 1989).

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Soper, John D., born 20th cent., he was in 1979 an assistant programme manager in the Radio Free Europe, MOnchen, Nationalities Service. Note Soper, John David, born 20 March 1948 at Indianapolis, Ind., he received a Ph.D. in 1987 from the University of California at Los Angeles with a thesis entitled Loan syntax in Turkic and Iranian; the verb systems of Tajik, Uzbek, and Qashqay. He died in 1988. LC Sopher, David Edward, born 26 February 1923 in China, he was an anthropological geographer who received a Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled The sea nomads; a study of the maritime boat people of southeast Asia. Since 1964 he was a professor of geography at Syracuse University. His writings include The Turmeric in the color symbol of southern Asia (195), and he was joint editor of The city in cultural context (1984). He was remembered by Trends in the geography of pilgrimages; homage to David E. Sopher (1987). He died 8 March 1984. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1976 P

Soproni, Oliver, fl. 1965, his writings include A magyar muveszi keremie szatetese; a torok h6doltsag keramiaja (Budapest, 1981), and Az eletfa es a meder a keremien (Budapest, 1987). LC Sorbo, Gunnar M., he received a doctorate in 1973 from the Universitetet i Bergen with a thesis entitled Scheme and off-scheme interests; a study of Nubian resettlement in the Sudan. He became attached to the department of social anthropology at his alma mater. His writings include Sudan sources (1973), How to survive development; the story of New Haifa (1977), and Tenants and nomads in eastern Sudan (1985). LC; NUC, 1973-77 Sordet, Monique, fl. 1969, her writings include L'Universite federale du Cameroun (Avignon, 1971), and she was joint author of Leopold Sedar Senghor et la naissance de I'Afrique moderne (1969). BN; NUC, 1973-1977

Sorela y Guaxardo Faxardo, Luis, born 13 May 1858 at Madrid, he was a naval officer and one of the founders of the Sociedad Antiesclavista. His writings include Alemania en Africa (1884), Les possessions espagnoles du golfe de Guinee (18849, and EI comercio en el Africa occidental (1893). He died in Bruselas, 19 February 1930. EncicUni, vol. 57, pp. 512-513, Suppl. 53-54, pp. 388-389; NUC, pre-1956 Sorensen, Reginald William, baron, born to a working class family on 19 June 1891 at Islington, he was a sometime minister in the Free Christian Church as well as a member of Parliament. He went on official visits to the Middle East and India. His writings include My impression of India (1947). He died in 1971. Britlnd (3); NYT 10 October 1971, p. 85, col. 3; Who was who, 3 Soret, Frederic (Friedrich) Jacob, born 13 May 1795 at St. Petersburg, of Swiss parents who returned with him to Geneve, where he went to school and then studied theology and natural sciences. In 1822 he went to Weimar, where he became attached to the ducal court and remained until 1836, when he returned to Geneve to enter politics. He received numerous civil decorations and was a member of several learned societies. His writings include Un Genevois a la court de Weimar (1932). He died in 1865. IndBFr2 (1) Soreth, Marion, born 26 November 1926 at Frankfurt/Main, she received a Dr.phil. in 1950 from the Universitat Marburg with a thesis entitled Der platonische Dialog Hippias maior. She was a lecturer at Koln, before she became a professor of modern German literature at the Universitat Bonn. Her writings include Eine neuere Darstellung der stoischen Philosophie (1987). KOrschner, 1970-2001 Soria Ortega, Andres, born 15 January 1922 at Granada, he was since 1945 a professor of modern languages at the Universidad di Granada. WhoSpain, 1963 Sorre, Maximilien Joseph, born 16 July 1880 at Rennes, he received a doctorate in 1913 from the Unlversite de Montpellier with a thesis entitled Etude critique des sources de I'histoire de la viticulture et du commerce des vins et eaux de vie en Bas-Languedoc au 18e siecte. He spent a long and active life in university administration and education, and held a number of appointments at, among other universities, Lille, Clermont-Ferrand, Aix-en-Provence and Paris. At the Sorbonne he held the chair of geography. His field was the life of man on the earth, and his special contribution was the development of the relations of geography with biology, medicine and sociology. He had a fine appreciation of the delicate balance between communities and their environment, and abhorred those economists who operated in terms of statistics rather than human beings. His writings include Les Fondements biologiques de la geographie humaine (1943-52), and L'Homme sur la terre (1961). He died 10 August 1962. DBFC, 1954/55; Dickinson, pp. 236-38; Geographical jouma/129 (1963), p. 128; Geographical review 53 (1963), pp. 464-465; WhoFr, 1955/56-1959/60

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Sosa y Perez, Luis de, born 21 June 1902 at Madrid, he was a professor of history of contemporary politics, and a dean of the Facultad de Ciencias PoHticas y Economicas in the Universidad de Madrid. IndiceE3 (3); WhoSpain, 1963

von Sosnosky, Theodor, born 4 January 1866 at Budapest, he was a historian whose writings include Die Politik im Habsburgerreich (1912), Die Balkanpolitik Osterreich-Ungarns seit 1866 (1913-14), Der Traum vom Dreibund (1915), and Die rate Dreifaltigkeit (1931). He died in Wien, 13 Februay 1943. DtBilnd (5); KDtLK, Nekroloq, 1936-1970; Wer ist's, 1922-1935

Sosnovskii, IUlian Adamovich, fl. 1875, his writings include a critical report of the China expedition and its leader, P. IA. Piasetskii entitled 3Kcneouu,ifl e Kumeii, 1874-75 ee. (Moscow, 1883). NUC, pre1956

Soubiran-Paillet, Francine, she received a doctorate in 1980 from the Universite de Nice with a thesis entitled Les immigres nord-africains de la region nlcoise et la regie de droit. Her writings include Formalisation juridique et ressources des protagonistes dans un conflit du travail (1988). LC; THESAM, 1 Soucek, Priscilla Parsons, she received a Ph.D. in 1971 from New York University, and was a professor at its Institut of Fine Arts certainly from 1990 to 1995. Her writings include Islamic art from the Michigan collections (1978), and she was joint editor of The meeting of two worlds; the crusades and the Mediterranean context (1981). MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995 Soucek, Svatopluk born 20th cent., his writings include Tunisia in the Kitab-i Bahriye by Piri Reis (1976), a work which was originally presented as doctoral thesis at Columbia University in 1970. Selim de Soudak, Louis, born in 1852 in Algeria, his writings include Voyage en Ctimee, cote meridionale (1892), and Tartarin fils en Russie (1905). BN; IndBFr2 (1)

Soueif, M. I., 1924- see Suwayf, Mustafa Ibrahim Souhesme, Gaston des Godins de, 1841- see Des Godins de Souhesme, Gaston Soulie, Gaston Jean Louis, born 24 October 1909 at Pasteur, Algeria, he studied at the Faculte de droit de Montpellier and the Faculte des lettres d'Alger, and gained diplomas in Arabic, Berber, and law. He successively pursued a military, governmental, and diplomatic career. His writings include Le royaume d'Arabie saoudite face a /'islam revolutionneire (1966), and Le royaume d'Arabie Saoudite a l'epreuve des temps modernes (1978). WhoFr, 1965/66-1977/78

Soulie, Henri Pierre Marie, fl. 1929, he gained a doctorate and became a professor at the Faculte de medecine d'Alger. His writings include L'epidemie cnotenqu« de 1893 en Algerie (1894), and he was joint author of Hygiene et pathologie nord-africaines (1932). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Soulier, Gerard, born early 20th cent., his writings include L'inviolabilite parlementaire en droit frangais (1966), a work which was originally presented in 1964 as a doctoral thesis at the University de Lyon, Nos droits face a l'etet (1981), and he edited Les minomes et leurs droits depuis 1789 (1989), BN; LC Soulier, Gustave, born 19th cent., his writings include Le Tintoret (Paris, 1912), and Les influences orientales dans la peinture toscane (Paris, 1924). He died in 1937. NUC, pre-1956 Soumarani, Michel, fl. 1973, he received a doctorate in 1972 at the Universite de Paris III with a thesis entitled Le regime juridique des banques en etet de cessation des paiements au Liban. THESAM, 3 Soumille, Pierre, he was in 1982 a maitre-assistant at Bangui University, Philippines. His writings include Eurooeens en Tunisie et questions religieuses (1975), and La Repuolique centra/africaine (1982). LC Sourdel, Dominique, born in 1921., his writings include L'islam (1949), Les cultes du Hauran a t'epoque romaine (1952), Inventaire des monnaies musulmanes anciennes du musee de Caboul (1953), Histoires des Arabes (1976), and L'islam medieval (1979), its English translation by W. M. Watt, Medieval Islam (1983), and he was joint author of La civilisation de /'islam classique (1983). LC Sourdel-Thomine, Janine, born 20th cent., she was a sometime professor at the Sorbonne. Her writings include Lashkari bazar; une residence ghaznevide et ghoride (1978), she was joint author of Die Kunst des Islam (1973), and she edited Etudes meaievete« et patrimoine turc (1983). LC Souriau, Christiane nee Hoebrechts, born in 1924 at Shaerbeek near Bruxelles, she studied Greek and Latin until 1946. Her marriage brought her first to Grenoble and Paris, and in 1952 to Tunis, where her husband taught for six years at the Institut des Hautes Etudes de Tunis. Residing at Carthage, she developed an interest in local ceramics as well as the cultural and linguistic environment of the craftsmen. When the family settled in 1958 at Aix-en-Provence, she pursued formal studies in Arabic and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Turkish at the Faculte des Lettres d'Aix, obtaining her first doctorate in 1967 with a thesis entitled La presse meqnrebine; evolution historique. Equipped with a solid knowledge of the Maghrebi dialects, her research focused on the Arabization of the North African society. Since 1970 she was formally attached to the CNRS, and from 1975 to 1979 she served as a secretary general of the Centre d'etudes feminines de l'Universite de Provence. In 1985 she received a second doctorate with a thesis entitled Analyses socio-culturel/es du Maghreb contemporaine. Her writings include Libye; l'economie des femmes (1986), and she edited Femmes et politique autour de la Mediterranee (1980), and Le Maghreb musulman en 1979 (1981). She died in 1985. ROMM 39 (1985), pp. 227-229; THESAM,1

Sournia, Jean Charles Andre, born 24 November 1917 at Bourges, he gained a medical doctorate at the Faculte de Medecine de Lyon, and served as a surgeon in Syria, and as a professor at the Faculte Francalse de Medecine in Beirut. He was a sometime professor of history of medicine at the Faculte de Medecine de Rennes. His writings include L'Orient des premiers chretiens (1966), and Mythologies de la meaecine moderne (1969). He died 8 June 2000. Note; WhoFr, 1979/80-2000 (Sousse), Ibrahim, born in 1945 at Jerusalem, he was educated at the Institut d'etudes politiques, Ecole normale de musique, Paris, and the Royal College of Music, London. During his student days he was a president of the Palestinian student union in Paris, and subsequently became a P.L.O. liaison officer to Unesco and the French government. His writings include De la paix generale etdes Palestiniens en particulier(1991), and Goliath (1991). WhoArab, 1999/2000,2001/2002

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Soustelle, Jacques Emile, born 3 February 1912 at Montpellier, he was a graduate of the Ecole normale superieure and received a doctorate in 1937. After a brief academic career, he successively became a deputy, minister, and governor general in Algeria. His writings include Le Drame algerien et la decadence ttencetse (1957), Pour I'Algerie trenceise (1960), Le Longue marche d'lsrael (1968), its translations, The Long march of Israel (1969), and tsreete lange weg (1970). He died 6 August 1990.

Bioln 4,5,7,9; ConAu 132; CurBio, 1958, 1990; DBFC, 1954/55; IntWW, 1974/75-1990/91 WhAm, 10; WhoFr, 1955/561989/90; Who 1982-1988; Who was who, 8; WhoWor, 1974/75

Southern, Sir Richard William, born 8 February 1912 at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, he was a fellow and tutor, Balliol College, Oxford, from 1937 to 1961, and subsequently became Chichele Professor of modern history at Oxford University. His writings include The Making of the Middle Ages (1953), its translation, La formaci6n de Edad Medial (1955), Western views of Islam in the Middle Ages (1978), and its translation, Das Islambild des Mittelalters (1981). He died on 6 February 2001. Author's and writer's who's who, 1971, 1972; Contemporary authors, 9-12; International who's who, 1990/91-2001; Who's who, 1974-2001; WhoWor, 1984

Southgate, Horatio, born 5 July 1812 at Portland, Me., he was a graduate of Andower Theological Seminary, and an ordained minister. Under the Episcopal Missionary Society he visited Turkey and Persia from 1836 to 1838 with a view of recommendations of cooperation with the Episcopal Church of the East. From 1840 to 1844 he himself served as a missionary in Turkey. His writings include Narrative of a tour through Armenia, Kurdistan, Persia and Mesopotamia (1840), The war in the East (1854), and Narrative of a visit to the Syrian (Jacobite) Church of Mesopotamia (1856). He died in Astoria, N.Y., 12 April 1894. ACAB; Amlndex (7); DAB; Shavit; WhAm, H Southgate, Minoo S., born about 1940 at Tehran, she obtained a B.A. at Tehran, and an M.A. in 1967, and Ph.D. in 1970 at New York University with a thesis entitled A study and translation of a Persian romance of Alexander. In 1972 she became affiliated with the Department of English, CUNY, a post which she still held in 1995. She was the editor and translator of Modern Persian short stories (1980), and she translated from the Persian, Iskandarnamah (1978), and Fear and trembling, by Ghulam Husayn Sa'idi (1984). ConAu,132; NatFacDr, 1995 Southwell, Sir Charles Archibald Philip, B.Sc., born 6 June 1894, he was since 1946 a director of the Kuwait Oil Company. He died 30 november 1981. Who, 1965-1982; Who was who, 8 Southworth, Alvan S., born in 1896 at Lockport, N.Y., he was a journalist for the New York Herald, and was sent in 1871 to Egypt to investigate the fate of Sir Samuel White Baker in Upper Egypt and the Sudan. His writings include Four thousand miles of African travel; a personal record (1875), and The life of Gen. Winfield S. Hancock (1880). He died in NYC, 7 January 1901. DcNAA; Master (1); Shavit Souvarine, Boris, born Boris LifshitzlLifchitz in 1895 at Kiev. The family moved to France when he was still a baby. He began to work at the age of fourteen and remained a self-educated man. A passion for socialist ideas came to him very early on; pacifism and a hatred of war, deepened by his brother's death in the trenches of the first World War, shaped his view of life. He was actively involved in several of the most important activities of the Com intern from 1921 to 1924. Later he became a pioneer of Soviet studies in the West. His profound knowledge was combined with understanding; but he could not break through the climate of opinion prevailing in the West. His classical biography of Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

428 Stalin, Staline; epercu historique du botcnevisme (1935), was virtually ignored. After he wrote an article for Ie Figaro predicting the Soviet-German pact, the paper refused to publish any more by him. This pattern was repeated during the war, which he spent in the United States, and after the war. He was not consulted by politicians or civil servants and was almost ostracized as an intellectual; but he lived long enough to see his own "rehabilitation" in France, after a lifetime of frustration. He died suddenly in Paris, 1 November 1984. His writings include L'observateur des deux mondes et autres textes (1982), and the translations, Stalin; a critical survey of Bolshevism (1939). AnObit, 1984, pp. 616618; Bioln 14; ConAu 114; DcBMouvF, vol. 41 (1992), pp. 393-400; IndBFr2 (2); Survey 28 iv (Winter 1984), pp. 198-204

Souville, Georges Gaston Francis (Francois) Louis, born 12 February 1927 at Constantine, Algeria, he studied at the Faculte des lettres d'Alger, and gained a doctorate in archaeology. He taught at the College Moulay Youssef, Rabat, and the Institut des hautes etudes marocaines, before serving as inspecteur des antiquites prebtstottoues du Maroc from 1957 to 1964. He subsequently was attached to the CNRS, where he was a director of the Centre de recherches d'antlqultes africaines from 1991 to 1993. His writings include Atlas prehistorique du Maroc (1973). WhoArab, 1981/82; WhoFr, 1965/66-2001 Soysal, Hakkt Ismail, born 11 October 1918 at Bursa, or Orhangazi, Turkey, he studied at Ankara Oniversitesi, and in 1943 entered the Turkish foreign service. His writings include Fransiz ihtilali ve Tilrk-Franslz diplomasi milnasebetleri (1964), and TarihKHOaO Bocmoea XIX-XXee. She was a sometime director of the Centre for Oriental Philosophy, Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences. He writings include flomoc Ha neoonn»; 3aMemKU 0 oyxoaHou >KU3HU uHouuu,ea (1971), Pakistan; philosophy and sociology (1971), McnaM a dumocodxxot) u 06w,ecmaeHHou Mblcnu 3apy6e>KHOaO Bocmoke (1974), and the translation, The philosophical aspects of Sufism (Delhi, 1989), MycynbMaHcKue «ouuenuuu a aumoaxpuu u ttonumuxe XIX-XXee. (1982), ounocodxxue ecneemu cycPu3Ma (1987), and she edited Muslim philosophy in Soviet studies (New Delhi, 1988), and QJeMuHu3M; Bocmo«, 3anao, POCCUR (1993). Miliband; Miliband2 Stepanov, Lev Vasil'evich, born 7 March 1926 at Tsaritsyn (Volgograd), he received his first degree in 1954 with a thesis entitled Peseumue «enumenucmuuecxoi: npouuumennocmu a IO>KHOU MHOUU. Since 1959 he was affiliated with the Institute of World Economics and International Relations in the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include np06neMa 3KoHoMu4ecKou neseeucuuocmu (1965), KOHcPnuKm a MHoocmaHe u coeneiuenue a Teiusenme (1966), he was joint author of 0 nepcnexmueex 3KOHOMU4eCKoao compvonuuecmee cmoen Asuu u AcPpuKu (1958), and he was joint editor of Hesomope ypOKU aouHbla nepcuocKOM senuee (1992). Miliband; Miliband2 ; Unesco von Stephan, Ernst Heinrich Wilhelm, born 7 January 1831 at Stolp, Prussia, he was the eighth child of a tailor and innkeeper, and in 1848 entered the postal administration as a clerk. In 1850 he advanced to the higher echelon in Berlin. In consequence of a quarrel only months later, he was posted to Koln, where he had an insider's view of the chaotic postal organization of the country. During this period he also was a free-lance theatre and concert critic. Recalled to Berlin in 1856, he pursued private studies in modern languages, sciences, and history of the postal service. In 1859 he published Die Geschichte der preul3ischen Post. He became the modernizer of the German postal service and a founder of the Universal Postal Union, but he utterly failed to appreciate and solve the collateral social problems. His other writings include Das heutige Agypten (1872). He died in office, 8 April 1897. DtBE; DtBilnd (12); EncBrit; EincicUni; OxGerm

Stephan, Stephan Hanna (Hans), born in 1894, he was affiliated with the Palestine Oriental Society. His writings include The Smell of Lebanon; twenty-four Syrian folk-songs (1928), and Leitfaden fOrden Selbstunterricht in der arabischen Sprache (Jerusalem, 1935). NUC, pre-1956 von Stephani, Franz, born 19th cent., his writings include Taschenbuch der Sprache der Fulbe in Adamana (Berlin, 1911). NUC, pre-1956

stephanldes, Giorgos (Georges), born 10 July 1936 at Athens, he gained a doctorate in economic history and taught at the Sorbonne. He was a founder of the Association the "Confrontation franchellenique." His writings include Aspects du risque maritime aux XVI/e et XVI/Ie siecies (1986). Hellenikon, 1996/97; LC

Stephanove, Constantine, 1878- see Stefanov, Konstantin Stephens, Alonzo Theodore, born 19 April 1919 at St. Petersburg, Fla., he received a Ph.D. in 1956 from the University of Pittsburgh for a thesis entitled An account of the attempts at establishing a Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

449 religious hegemony in colonial North Carolina, 1663-1773. From 1973 to 1982 he was a professor of history at Tennessee State University. DrAS, 1982 H; WhoS&SW, 1982/83 Stephens, Ian Melville, born in 1903, he was educated at Winchester and King's College, Cambridge. He went to India in 1930 and stayed on for twenty-seven years. He was a sometime editor of The Statesman of India, and a fellow of King's College. His wide experience includes a period as a war correspondent. His writings include Horned moon; an account of a journey through Pakistan, Kashmir, and Afghanistan (1967). He died in Cambridge in 1984. ConAu,112; Riddick; Note; WhE&EA; Who, 19591983; Who was who, 8

Stephens, Richard Walton, born 25 May 1926 at Lancaster, Pa., he was a graduate of the local Franklin and Marshall College, and received a Ph.D. in 1956 from the University of North Carolina. Since 1964 he was a professor of anthropopolgy at George Washington University, Washington, D.C. His writings include Population factors in the development of North Africa (1960). AmM&WS, 1973 S; Unesco

Stephens, Robert Henry, born in 1920, he was in 1958 a corresopndent for the London Observer. His writings include Cyprus; a place of arms (1966), Nasser, a political biography (1971), and The Arabs' new frontier (1973). LC; Note Stephenson, David E., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled Kasr and madina; a Tunisian community village and city. Selim Stephenson, John, born in 1871 in England, he was educated at Manchester and Edinburgh and later practised in both cities as a house physician. In 1895 he joined the Indian Medical Service. He was a professor of biology and zoology as well as a university administrator at Government College, Lahore, and Punjab University. After his return to the United Kingdom he was from 1920 to 1929 a lecturer at Edinburgh University. He edited and translated The first book of the Hadiqat'ul-haqiqat of Hakim Sana'i Ghaznavi (1910), and The zoological section of the Nuzhatu-I-qulub of Hamdullah al-Mustaufi alQazwini (1928). He died in 1933. Bioln 3; Riddick; Who, 1921-1932; Who was who, 3 Stepkova, Jarmila, born 7 January 1926, she pursued Arabic and Islamic studies at Universita Karlova, Praha, since 1945 and gained a first doctorate in 1952 with a thesis entitled Sukayna bint Husayn, and a second doctorate in 1958 with a thesis on Islamic numismatics in theUmayyad period. From 1953 to 1962 she was employed at the Department of Coins in the National Museum, Praha. In 1962 she was appointed the first curator at the Department of Oriental Coins in the Naprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures, a post which she held until her retirement in 1989. Concurrently she was a lecturer at her alma mater. She was a honorary member of the Royal Numismatic Society. She died 12 October 1998. Archiv orienta/ni, 66 i (1998), p. 71 Stf~pniewska-Holzer, Barbara, she was affiliated with the Instytut Historii in the Polish Academy of Science. Her writings include Rozpowszechnianie si~ islamu w Sudanie Zachodnim od XII do XVI wieku (1972), Muhammad Ali; narodziny nowoczesnego pafJstwa egipskiego (1978), and Rezydencje na Slqsku w XVIII wieku (1993). LC

Steppat, Fritz, born 24 June 1923 at Chemnitz, Germany, he obtained a Dr.phil. in 1954 from the Freie Universltat Berlin with a thesis entitled Nationalismus und Islam bei Mustafa Kamil. From 1955 to 1959 he was head of the Goethe-Institut, Cairo, and from 1969 until his retirement in 1988 he was director of the Institut far Islamwissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft at his alma mater. His writings include Iran zwischen den Grotsmechten (1948), Tradition und Sakularismus im modernen agyptischen Schulwesen (1966), and he was a joint author, with Helmut Klopfer, of Deutsch fOrAraber (1961-1963), and, with Baber Johannsen, of Der Islam und die Muslime; Geschichte und religiose Traditionen (1985). IWWAS,1975/76; Kurschner, 1992,2003 Ritter von Stepski-Dowila, Julius, born in the 1860s at Bozen, Austria, he grew up in Wien and Fiume (Rijeka), where he also received his formal education. He entered the Austro-Hungarian diplomatic service and was a sometime consul-general in Port Said. He pubtished his political memoirs entitled Geschichte und Intrigue; politische Erlebnisse aus einem halben Jahrhundert (Wien, 1940). Stepynin, Vasilii Aleksandrovich, born 20th cent., he gained a doctorate in history and became a professor. His writings include Kononuseuu« EHuce{}co{} ay6epHuu 6 snoxy Kenumenustss (1962), XpoHuKa peeomo-uuonuux c06blmu{} 6 aepeeHe BOpOHe)/(CKo{} eytiepnuu 1861-1917 ee. (1977), Kpecmsnncmeo llepHo-3eMHoao uenmpe e peeoruouuu 1905-1907 eoooe (1991), and he was joint editor of BOpOHe)/(CKOe KpaeeeaeHUe (1994). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

450

Sterling, Claire, born in 1919 at Queens, N.Y., she was a graduate of Brooklyn College, N.Y.C., and was employed as an editor and foreign correspondent for New York City's The Reporter before she turned to free-lance writing in 1968. Her writings include The Massaryk case (1969), and The terror network (1981). She died of colon cancer, 17 June 1995, in Arezzo, Italy. ConAu 123,148; WrDr, 1990/921998/2000

Stern, Alfred, born 22 November 1846 at Gottingen, he studied law, economics and history, and was successively a professor of history at the universities of Bern and Zurich. His writngs include Geschichte Europas ... 1815 bis 1871 (1894-1924). He died in Zurich, 24 March 1936. DtBE; EncJud;

Wininger

Stern (Stern-Szana), Bernhard, born 13 June 1867 at Riga, he lived in Wien and Munchen since 1884 and travelled extensively in Russia and Central Asia. From 1894 to 1899 he was a correspondent for German newspapers at Constantinople. In 1900 he settled in Budapest but returned to Wien after the first World War. His writings include Vom Kaukasus zum Hindukusch (1893), Zwischen Kaspi und Pontus (1897), JungtOrken und verscbworer (1901), its translation, Ungtyrkerne og de sammensvorne (1902), Medizin, Aberglaube und Geschlechtsleben in der TOrkei (1903), its translation, The sented garden; anthropology of the sex life in the Levant (1934), Der Sultan und seine Politik (1906). and 1m Reiche des Kalifen (1924). He died in Wien, 20 September 1927. Baltisch (2); GeistigeUng; MagyarZL; Wininger

Stern (Bollecker-Stern), Brigitte. born 20th cent., she was a professor at the Universite de Paris at Nanterre in the early 1980s. She wrote Le Prejudice dans la theotie de la responsabilite internationale (1973), The changing role of women in international economic relations (1985), she was joint author of Droit economique (1978), and she edited Un nouvel ordre economicue international? (1983). Stern, Detlev, pseud., 1837-1919 see Strempel, Dora Stern, Gabriel, fl. 1969, he was a correspondent for the Haifa daily, al-Hamishmar.

Note

Stern, Gertrude Henrietta, born early 20th cent., she received a Ph.D. from SOAS in 1937 with a thesis entitled The life and social conditions of women in the primitive Islamic community as depicted in the eigth volume of Ibn Said's Tabaqat al-kubra and the sixth volume of Ibn Hanbal's Musnad. Her writings also include Marriage in early Islam (1939). NUC, pre-1956; Sluglett Stern, Henri, born 20th cent., he was a directeur du CNRS in 1965. His writings include L'art byzantin (1966), and he was joint author of Les mosetquee de la Grande Mosque de Cordoue (1976). In 1983 he was honoured by Mosetque; recueil d'hommages a Henri Stern. BN,1960-69; LC Stern, Joseph Justin, born 22 September 1937, he was affiliated with the World Bank, Washington, D.C. in the 1980s. His writings include Inter-industry relations in East Pakistan, 1962/63 (1967), and he was joint author of Pakistan's growth and development policies (1969), The appraisal of development projects (1975), Employment patterns and income growth (1980), and Foreign exchange regimes and industrial growth in Bangladesh (1986). Stern, Ludwig Julius Christian, born 12 August 1846 at Hildesheim, Germany, he studied Oriental languages since 1865 at Gottingen, where he won a prize in 1865 for an essay on Arabic and Ethiopian plural constructions, but he subsequently concentrated on Egyptology. After a one year's employ as a teacher, he went in 1872 together with Georg M. Ebers on a scientific expedition to Upper Egypt. Upon his return, the Khedive Isma'il appointed him a director of the newly established vice-royal library in Cairo, a post which he resigned in 1874 to accept an invitation from Agyptisches Museum, Berlin. Unable to tolerate the working conditions, he quit in 1885 and accepted a post as keeper of manuscripts at the Konigliche Bibliothek, Berlin. He died in Berlin, 9 October 1911. Egyptology; Hinrichsen Stern, Philippe, fl. 1932-1942, he was a scholar of Oriental art. He edited Bibliotheque musicale du Musee Guimet; musique orientale, musique des religions lointaines (1930). NUC, pre-1956 Stern, Samuel Miklos, born 22 November 1920 at Tab, Hungary, he studied Oriental studies and Romance philology at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. After spending part of the war years in the British censorship service in the Middle East, he went to Oxford where he gained a D.Phil. in 1950 with a thesis entitled The old Andalusian muwashshah. He subsequently fulfilled duties as secretary to the new edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, assistant keeper of Oriental Coins in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, and was at the time of his death a senior research fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and university lecturer in the history of Islamic civilization. One of his special interests was that of the sect of the lsma'ilis, both in its manifestation as the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt and in its manifestation of the lsma'ili sectaries and the Assassins in Persia. His writings include Les chansons mozarabes (1953), and a collection of his articles entitled Coins and documents from the medieval Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

451 Middle East (1986). He lived with Richard Walzer and his wife until his untimely death on 29 October

1969. ConAu 111;

Index Islamicus (4); Iran 8 (1970), p. ix; Master (1); Sluglett; WhoWorJ, 1965

Stern-Szana, Bernhard, 1867-1927 see Stern, Bernhard Sternbach, Ludwik, born 12 December 1909 at Krakau (Krakow), Austria-Hungary, he studied law at the local UniwersytetJagiellonski , where he gained a doctorate in 1932. Concurrently he had studied Sanskrit. He practised law in his home town from 1936 to 1939, when he began teaching Indian studies at Uniwersytet Jana Kazimierza, twow, until 1939. He spent the war years as a professor at Bombay University and concurrently acted as deputy censor. From 1947 to 1970 he was deputy director of research, United Nations, Department of Trusteeship and Non-self-governing Territories, New York. From 1970 to 1972 he was a professeur essocie of Indian studies at the Sorbonne, and from 1972 to 1976 he held a similar post at the College de France. From 1980 to his death in 1981 he was a member of the advisory council of the College de France. His writings include Archaic and ancient Indian terracottas (1941). He was honoured by the Dr. Ludwig Sternbach felicitation volume (1979-1981). NEP Sternberg, Lev IAkovlevich, born in 1859 at Zhitomir, Ukraine, he was a political activist during his student days and in 1890 was sentenced to ten years' exile in Sakhalin. There he pursued ethnological and anthropological studies in Gilyak culture. After his return from exile he became a professor, and subsequently dean, of the Geographical Institute, and later, a director of the Museum of Ehnography and Anthropology of the Academy of Science at St. Petersburg. He died in 1927 in Duderhof near St. Petersburg. EncJud; JOdLex; Wininger Sternfeld, Richard, born 15 October 1858 at Konigsberg, East Prussia, he was a professor of history at Berlin. His writings include Ludwigs des Heiligen Kreuzzug nach Tunis 1270 und die Politik Karls I. von Sizilien (1896), and Frenzosiscne Geschichte (1898). He was a fan of Richard Wagner and a composer in his own right. In 1897 he abandoned his Jewish faith. He died in Berlin, 21 June 1926. Baker 84; DtBilnd (4); KDtLK, Nekrolog, 1901-1935; Werist's, 1909-1922; Wininger

Sterns, Frederick Henderson, born in 1887, he received a Ph.D. from Harvard with a thesis entitled The archaeology of eastern Nebraska. He was an editor of Varia Africana published by the African Department of the Peabody Museum of Harvard University. He died in 1951. NUC, pre-1956; PeoHis Sterpellone, Alfonso, fl. 1978, his writings include Le dottrine politiche internazionali nell'eta presente (Milano,1984). LC Stetkevych (Stetkewycz), Jaroslav, born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1962 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Modern Arabic poetic and prose language. He was a sometime professor of Arabic literature at the University of Chicago, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include The zephirs of Najd; the poetics of nostalgia in the classical Arabic nasib. MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995; Selim

Stetkevych, Suzanne Pinckney, born 27 April 1950, she received a Ph.D. in 1981 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled Innovation in a poetic tradition; Abu Tammam, poet and anthologist. Certainly from 1995 to 2001 she was a professor of Arabic literature and Near Eastern languages and culture at Indiana University, Bloomington. Her writings include The mute immortals speak; pre-Islamic poetry and the poetics of ritual (1993), and she edited Reorientations; Arabic and Persian poetry (1994). LC; NatFacDr, 1995-2001; Selim2 Stetkewycz, Jaroslav see Stetkevych, Jaroslav Stetskevich, Tat'iana Aleksandrovna, born 7 October 1928 at Cherepovts, Russia, she graduated in 1952 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad State University and received her first degree in 1970 at Kazan with a thesis entitled UcnaM a coapeMeHHou coeemcxoii ucmopuoepetpuu: 1954-1969 ee. She was a sometime librarian and research fellow before she started in 1973 a career at the State Museum of History of Religion and Atheism, Leningrad. She edited UcnaM u coeoeuennocms; C60pHUK HayLJHblX mpvooe (1985). Miliband2 Steuart, Archibald Francis, born 24 November 1872 in Scotland, he was an advocate whose writings include Scottish influence in Russian history from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century (1913). He died a bachelor, 1 April 1942. Britlnd (1) Steudner, Hermann, born in 1832 at Greiffenberg, Silesia, he studied natural sciences at Berlin and WOrzburg. He accompanied Heinrich Barth, and later other travellers, on expeditions to Egypt and the Sudan. He died in Wau, Sudan, 10 April 1863, from cholangitis. He left useful notes. ADtB, vol. 36, pp. 155-56; DtBilnd (2); Embacher; Hill

Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

452 Steuer, Adolf, born 15 October 1871 at Grulich, Bohemia, he was a zoologist and a sometime professor at Innsbruck and a director of the Istituto italo-germanico di biologia marina Rovigno d'istria. His writings include Planktonkunde (1910), and The fishery grounds near Alexandria (1939). He died in Riehen/Basel, 5 December 1960. DtBilnd (1); KUrschner, 1925-1966; Teichl; Werist's, 1922, 1928, 1935 Steuernagel, Carl, born 17 February 1869 at Hargegsen, Germany, he studied theology at Halle and Wittenberg, and gained doctorates at Leipzig and Halle. He was a professor of Old Testament studies successively at Halle, Breslau, and Greifswald. He died in Greifswald, 4 March 1958. DtBE; KUrschner, 1925-1954; Sezgin

Steuerwald, Karl, born in 1905, he received a Dr.phil. in 1929 from the Universltat MOnchen with a thesis entitled Die Londoner vutqerspreche in Thackerays Yellowplush. From 1935 to 1944 he was a lecturer in German at the Dil ve Tarih-Coqrafya FakOltesi, Ankara. After the war, he became the first director of the Alman Lisesi (Deutsche Schule) in Istanbul, and from 1953 to 1956, he was director of the German high school in Istanbul. He received his second doctorate in 1963 with his thesis entitled Untersuchungen zur tilrkischen Sprache der Gegenwart. His writings include Untersuchungen zur tarkischen Sprache der Gegenwart (1963), Tilrkisch-deutsches Worterbuch (1972), Deutsch-tilrkisches Worterbuch (1974), and Langenscheidts Taschenworterbuch der tilrkischen und deutschen Sprache (1978). LC; Widmann Steur, Charles Joseph, born 6 December 1791 at Courtrai (Kortrijk), Belgium, he spent a dissolute youth, which influenced the rest of his life. After irregular studies at Bruxelles and Paris, he finally enrolled at the Universite de Gand, where he received a doctorate in law in 1822. In 1830 he was appointed a judge at Gand, but his numerous quarrels with colleagues, his unbelievable thoughtlessness, and misanthropy led him to travel extensively in Europe and the Near East, journeys which he described in Le touriste moderne (1873-76). His other writings include Ethnographie des peuples d'Europe avant Jesus-Christ, ou Essai sur les nomades de I'Asie (Bruxelles, 1872-73). He died in Gand (Gent), 25 January 1881. BioNBelg, vol. 23, cols. 820-822 Steveni, James William Barnes, born in 1859, his writings, all of which were published in London, include Through famine-stricken Russia (1892), The Scandinavian question (1905), The Russian army from within (1914), Things seen in Russia (1914), Petrograd, past and present (1915), Things seen in Sweden (1915), and Europe's great calamity (1922). NUC, pre-1956 Stevens, Ethel Mary Stefana, Lady Drower, 1879-1972 see Drower, Ethel Mary Stefana Stevens, George Putnam, born 1 November 1918 at Hammond, Ind., he graduated in science from Indiana University with the class of 1941 and received his Ph.D. in 1962 from the University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled Geography of beef feeding in northern Illinois. Since 1950 he was a professor of geography at Northern Illinois University, De Kalb. His writings include An introduction to geography (1970). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 45-48 Stevens, Georgiana Gerlinger (Mrs. Harley Crawford Stevens), born 24 October 1904 at Portland, Ore., she graduated in 1926 from the University of California, Berkeley. During the second World War she was a member of the Research and Analysis Branch of the Office of Strategic Service, Washington, D.C. Since 1945 she lived and travelled extensively in the Middle East, studying the refugee problem and engaging in political research. She was a sometime correspondent for The Atlantic. Her writings include Egypt, yesterday and today (1963), Jordan River partition (1965), and she edited The United States and the Middle East (1964). ConAu P-1, 17-18; Note; WhoAmW, 1966/67-1970/71 Stevens, Harley Crawford, born 11 August 1900 at Portland, Ore., he was a sometime vice-president and special counsel of the American Independent Oil Company, and a member of the Board of Governors of the Middle East Institute, Washington, D.C. He died in San Francisco in 1959. NatCAB,

vol. 48, p. 84; Note

Stevens, John Harold, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Durham with a thesis entitled Comparative studies of the effects of agricultural practices on some arid zone soils in the Middle East. He was joint author of A bibliography of Oman, 1900-1970 (1973), and A bibliography of Saudi Arabia (1973). LC; Sluglett Stevens, Paul B., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1974 from Georgetown University with a thesis entitled French and Arabic bilingualism in North Africa, with special reference to Tunisia. He was a sometime associate professor at AUC. MESA Roster of members, 1990; Selim 3 Stevens, Richard Paul, born 16 June 1931, he graduated from Notre Dame University, Ind., and received a Ph.D. in 1960 from Georgetown University for his thesis, The political and diplomatic role of American Zionists as a factor in the creation of the State of Israel, 1942-1947. Since 1968 he was a Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

453

professor of political science at Lincoln University, Pa. His writings include Zionism and Palestine before the mandate (1972), and he edited The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait; American reflections (1993). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 21-24, new rev. 10; Selim; WrOr, 1976/78-1994/96

Stevens, Robert Dale, born 8 October 1927 at Boston, Mass., he received a Ph.D. in 1959 from Cornell University with a thesis entitled Capital formation and development in some Lebanese villages. Since 1964 he was a professor of agricultural economy at Michigan State University. His writings include Elasticity of food consumption associated with changes in income in developing countries (1965), and he was joint author of Agricultural development principles (1988). American men and women of science, 1973 S, 1978 S

Stevens, Roger Bentham, born 8 June 1906 at Lewes, Sussex, he entered the diplomatic service and served as ambassador to Iran from 1954 to 1958. When promoted to deputy under-secretary at the Foreign Office, he was responsible for diplomatic activity in the Middle East and Africa. In 1963 he entered the academic arena, becoming vice-president of the University of Leeds. He died in Thursley, Surrey, 20 February 1980. AnObit, 1980, pp. 114-116; BlueB, 1975, 1976; ConAu 105; Master (2); Who, 1958-1980;

WhoUn, 1975; Who was who, 7

Stevens, Thomas, born 24 December 1885 at Great Berkhamstead, Herts., where he was also educated, completing his course in 1869. He emigrated to the United States, where he covered the search for David Livingstone as representative for the New York world. From April 1884 until December 1886, he made a bicycle trip around the world, starting from San Francisco across the United States, thence to England and Constantinople. He ultimately reached Japan in spite of considerable difficulties in Asia. His experiences were published in a series of letters by the New York Cosmopolitan and appeared in book-form under the title Around the world on a bicycle (1887-1888). In 1889 he was in Zanzibar. His other writings include Africa as seen by Thomas Stevens and the Hawkeyed (1890), Scouting for Stanley in East Africa (1890), Through Russia on a mustang (1891). In 1892, he revised for publicatlon the travel accounts on Arabia as well as on Central Asia by Bayard Taylor. He died in 1935. ACAB; Shavit - Africa Stevenson, Francis Seymour, born 24 November 1862 at Mauritius, he was educated at Lausanne, Harrow, and Balliol College, Oxford. From 1885 to 1906 he was a member of Parliament. His writings include Report of the international conference on the situation in the Near East, London, 1904 (1904), and A history of Montenegro (1912). He died 9 May 1938. WhE&EA; Who was who, 3 Stevenson, Ian Pretyman, born 31 October 1918 at Montreal, P.Q., he was educated at Ottawa, Ont., St. Andrews, Scotland, and Montreal. Since 1967 he was a professor of psychiatry at the University of Virginia. His writings include Medical history-taking (1960), and The evidence for survival from claimed memories of former incarnations (1961). Canadian, 1980-2000; ConAu 115, 158; EncO&P, 1978, 1983; Master (4); WhoAm, 1974/75, 1976/77, 1999,2000,2001; WrOr, 1976/78-1996/98

Stevenson, Roland C., born 20h cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1951 from SOAS with a thesis entitled A survey of the phonetics and grammatical structure of the 'Nube' mountain languages. His writings include The Nuba people of Kordofan Province (1984). LC; Sluglett Stevenson, William Barron, born in 1869, he studied at Edinburgh, Leipzig, Berlin, Damascus, and Paris. He was a professor at Bala Theological College, North Wales, from 1898 to 1907, and subsequently served as a professor of Hebrew and Semitic languages at Glasgow. His writings include The crusaders in the East (1907). The Glasgow Oriental Society honoured him by a Presentation volume to William Barron Stevenson (1945). He died in 1954. WhE&EA; Who was who, 5 Stewart, Charles, born in 1764, he served in the Bengal Army from 1781 to 1808 and retired as a major. He was an assistant professor of Persian at Fort William College, Calcutta, 1800-1806, and a professor of Arabic, Persian, and Hindustani at the India Company's College, Haileybury, 1807-1827. His writings include A decriptive catalogue of the Oriental library of the late Tipoo Sultan of Mysore (1809), The history of Bengal (1813), and the translations, Travels of Mirza Abu Taleb Khan in Asia, Africa, and Europe (1814), and The Mulfuzat Timury (1830). He died 19 April 1837. Buckland; ONB Stewart, Charles Cameron, born 19 December 1941 at Evanston, Illinois, he graduated from Hanover College, received an M.A. at Ahmadu Bello University, and gained a D.Phil. in 1970 at Oxford with a thesis entitled The role of Shaikh Sidiyya and the Qadiriyya in Southern Mauritania; an historical interpretation. From 1973 to 1976 he was a senior lecturer at the Department of History in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, and subsequently became a professor at the Department of History in the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include his revised thesis entitled Islam and social order in Mauritania (1973). OrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacOr, 1995; Sluglett

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Stewart, Charles Edward, born in 1836, he was educated at Marlborough College and subsequently served in the Indian Army. In 1879 he briefly served as consul at Astarabad and in the 1880s was repeatedly employed at the Perso-Afghan frontier. From 1889 to 1892 he was consul-general at Tabriz. His writings include Report on the petroleum districts situated on the Red Sea Coast (Cairo, 1888), and Through Persia in disguise (London, 1911). He died in 1904. Buckland; Riddick; Who, 1903; Who was who, 1; Wright, p. 81

Stewart, Charles Frank, born 27 January 1923 at Watertown, N.Y., he received a Ph.D. in 1956 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Economic change in a plural society; Morocco since 1912. Since 1967 he was a professor of international business at Columbia University. His writings include The economy of Morocco, 1912-1962 (1964). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; WhoCon, 1973 Stewart, Desmond Stirling, born 20 April 1924 at Leavesden, England, he was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, and afterwards taught English at Baghdad and Beirut from 1948 to 1958. Subsequently he chiefly lived in Cairo as a journalist for the London newspaper al-Sharq al-Awsat, and as a free-lance writer of fiction and non-fiction with a Middle Eastern background. He was the translator of two important Arabic books, Egyptian earth, by 'Abd ai-Rahman al-Sharqawi (1962), and The man who lost his shadow, by Fathi Ghanim (1966). His other writings include Young Egypt (1958), The Mamelukes (1968), The Middle East; the temple of Janus (1971), Mecca (1980), and a number of Time-Life books. He died 12 June 1981. ConAu, 37; Master (4); Who was who, 8 Stewart, Frances Anne Vane, 1800-1865 see Londonderry, Frances Anne Emily Vane Tempest, 3rd marchioness of Stewart, George, born 11 February 1892 at Webb City, Mo., he grew up in Colorado and Idaho and received his Ph.D. in 1924 from Yale University with a thesis entitled A history of religious education in Connecticut to the middle of the nineteenth century. He became a Presbyterian clergyman who was awarded honorary doctorates. His writings include The white armies of Russia (1933). He died 21 February 1972 at sea aboard the Sagafjord, near Singapore, while serving as chaplain on a cruise to the Orient. NYT 22 February 1972, p. 41, col. 1 & 2; Publishers weekly 201 (13 March 1972), p. 48; WhAm, 5; WhNAA Stewart, John Lindsay, born about 1832 at Fettercairn, Kincardineshire, he was educated at Glasgow, where he received his M.D. in 1853. He SUbsequently served since 1855 with the Bengal Army as a surgeon, and as a conservator of forests in the Punjab, 1864-1869. Between 1869 and 1872 he prepared at Kewa forest flora of northern and central India. His writings include Punjab plants (1869), and The forest flora of north-west and central India (1874). He died 5 July 1873. Boase; Britlnd (1) Stewart, John Massie, born 6 February 1926 at Lossiemouth, Scotland, he gained degrees at Edinburgh (1951) and Paris (1952), and was a sometime research fellow in West African languages at the Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana. Unesco Stewart, William Arnold, born in 1882 at IIkley, Yorkshire, he was an exponent of modern technical education in the Middle East and a painter. He died in 1953. DNB, missing persons; Egyptology Stewart-Robinson, James M. L., born 3 March 1928 at Edinburgh, he received a Ph.D. in 1959 from the University of Edinburgh with a thesis entitled. Ottoman Tezkere-i §u'ara literature, its development and its value as literary criticism. He subsequently taught Turkish studies at the Department of Near Eastern Studies in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 F; Sluglett Stewig, Reinhard, born in 1930, he received a Dr.phil. in 1958 at Kiel with a thesis entitled Dublin, seine Funktionen und ihre Entwicklung. He was a professor of geography at his alma mater. His writings include Bursa, Nordwestanatolien; Strukturwandel einer orientalischen Stadt unter dem Einflul3 der Industrialisierung (1970), Der Orient als Geosystem (1977), Die Stadt in Industrie- und Entwicklungs/andern (1983), and he was joint editor of Kulturgeographische Untersuchungen im is/amischen Orient (1973). KUrschner, 1980-1992,2001 Stickel, Johann Gustav, born in 1805, he was a director of Grof?>herzogliches Orientalisches MOnzcabinet, Jena. His writings include Das Grol3herzogliche Orientalische Manzcabinet zu Jena (18451870). He died in 1896. His private papers are deposited at the Universitatbibliothek Jena. FUck, p. 157 Stickley, S. Thomas, born in 1934, he received a Ph.D. in 1968 at Ohio State University with a thesis entitled Factors associated with incomes of Ecuadorian farmers. Stieda, Christian Hermann Ludwig, born 7 November 1837 at Riga, he studied at Dorpat, GieBen, Erlangen, and Wien, and was from 1885 to 1912 a professor of anatomy at Konigsberg. He retired to Gief?>en, where he died, 18 November 1918. His writings include Die Sibirisch-Uralische Ausstellung far Wissenschaft und Gewerbe in Jekaterinburg (Konigsberg, 1890). Baltisch (5); DtBE

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Stiefel, Matthias, born 2 February 1950, his writings include Production, equality, and participation in rural China (1982). LC Stieglecker, Hermann, born 9 March 1885 at Reichraming, Austria, he studied at Priesterseminar Linz and the Universitat Wien, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1921 with a thesis entitled Das Prafix "m" im Semitischen. Since 1927 he taught at Theologische Hauslehranstalt im Stift St. Florian. His writings include Das G/aubensbekenntnis des Islam (1959-62). Schwarz; Teichl Stiegler, Gaston, born 19th cent., he was a journalist whose writings include Le tour du monde en 63 jours (Paris, 1901), and Amours tragiques de Napoleon III (Paris, 1910). Stiegler, Karl Drago, born 24 October 1919 at Zagreb, he studied at Zagreb and received a doctorate in theoretical physics in 1963 at the Universitat MOnchen. He was successively a professor at Zagreb and MOnchen, and a member of international learned societies. WhoWor, 1980-1989/90 Stiehl, Ruth, 1926- see Altheim nee Stiehl, Ruth Stierlin, Henri, born in 1928 at Alexandria, Egypt, he was a photographer and writer. His writings include Isfahan, image du paradis (1976), Architecture de /'islam (1979), its translation, Architektur des Islam (1979), Monde arabe (1981), its translation, The cultural history of the Arabs (1984), and Grece d'Asie (1986). LC von Stietencron, Heinrich, Freiherr, born 18 June 1933, he was an Indian scholar and affiliated with the SOdasien-lnstitut, Heidelberg, from 1970 to 1973 when he joined the Seminar fur Indologie und vergleichende Religionswissenschaft in the Universitat TObingen, first as a professor and later as its chairman. He edited Indology in India and Germany (1981), and he was joint editor of Representing Hinduism (1995). KOrschner, 1980-2001

Stifani, Elda L., fl. 1976, she was joint author of the booklet, The United States and the Middle East (1975). LC Stiffe, Arthur William, born 12 August 1831, he was educated at the Polytechnikum, Stuttgart, and served in the Indian Navy from 1849 to 1862. He was present at the capture of Bushire and Mohammerah (Khorramshahr) in the Anglo-Persian war of 1856-1857. Together with Captain Charles G. Constable, he was employed in hydrographic surveys of the Kathiawar Coast of India, 1852-53, and later in the Persian Gulf, 1857-60. He was engineer-in-chief and electrician for the Indian Government in Persia from 1864 to 1879 and subsequently served as master attendant at Calcutta. He retired as captain in 1888. He was joint editor of The Persian Gulf pilot, comprising the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and Makran Coast (London, Hydrographic Office, 1908). He was a member of the Royal Asiatic Society and the Royal Geographical Society. He died in Goring-on-Thames, 14 August 1912. Buckland, Riddick; Who, 1905-1909; WW 1

Stiglbauer, Karl, born 14 July 1927 at Wien, he received a Dr.phil. in 1950 from the Universltat Wien with a thesis entitled Die Veranderung in der Semmeringlandschaft. He was a professor of human geography at his alma mater and a sometime editor of the Mitteilungen of the Austrian geographical society. KOrschner, 1992, 2001; WhoAustria, 1982/83 Stileman, Charles Harvey, born in 1863, he was ordained in 1887 and served successively from 1889 to 1906 in Mesopotamian and Persia as a missionary under the Church Missionary Society, London. In 1913, the Anglican authorities in England decided to constitute Persia a full diocese of the Church of England; the Rev. C. H. Stileman was consecrated the first Bishop of Isfahan. In the 1920s the Stileman Memorial School was one of the outstanding schools in that country. He died in 1925. Who, 1916-1921; Who was who, 2; Wright, pp. 120-121

Stillfried, Bernhard, born 17 November 1925 at Wien, he studied ethnology and history at Wien, gained a B.A. in 1950 at the University of Minnesota, and a Dr.phil. in 1953 at the Universitat Wien. Since 1959 he was head of the Austrian regional cultural bureau in the Middle East, and since 1967, a cultural counsel posted to various Austrian embassies throughout the Middle East. His writings include Die soziale Organistaion in Mikronesien (1953). WhoAustria, 1969/70, 1977/78, 1982/83 Stillman, Norman Arthur, born 6 JUly 1945 at N.Y.C., he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1970 with a thesis entitled East-West relations in the Islamic Mediterranean in the early eleventh century; a study in the Geniza correspondence of the House of Ibn 'Awkal. Since 1973 he was a professor of history and Arabic at SUNY, Binghamton, a post which he held to 1995 when he went with his wife, Yedida Kalfon, to the University of Oklahoma at Norman as a professor of history, a post which he still held in 2001. His writings include The Jews of Arab lands; a history and source book (1979), and The Jews of Arab lands in modern times (1991). ConAu 136; DrAS, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995-2001; Selim

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Stillman, Yedida Kalfon, born 8 April 1946 at Fes, she received an M.A. in 1968 from the University of Pennsylvania and also a Ph.D. in 1972 with a thesis entitled Female attire of medieval Egypt according to the trousseau lists and cognate material from the Cairo Geniza. Since 1973 she was a professor of classics and Near Eastern studies at SUNY, Binghamton, a post which she held to 1995 when she started teaching history, Near Eastern languages, and women's studies at the University of Oklahoma. Her writings include Palestinian costume and jewelry (1979), and with her husband she jointly edited From Iberia to diaspora; studies in Sephardic history and culture (1998). She died from cancer on 22 February 1998. Directory of American scholars, 1982 F; Master (1); MESA bulletin, 33 (1999), pp. 149-151; National faculty directory, 1995; Selim

Stirling, Arthur Paul, born early 20th cent., he was an anthropologist who carried on lengthy field work in two villages not far from Kayseri and received a D.Phil. in 1951 at Oxford with a thesis The social structure of Turkish peasant communities. He was a sometime research fellow, University of Kent at Canterbury. His writings include Turkish village (1965). DirectoryofBRISMES members, 1993; Sluglett Stitt, Samuel Stewart, born 21 May 1866 at Birkenhead, Merseyside, and educated at University College, Livepool, he was a scholar of Pembroke College in 1888, and a sometime chaplain of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. His writings include Old Testament history analysed (1905). He died in 1945. Britlnd (2) Stloukal, Karel, born in 1887, he was a sometime professor at Universita Karlova, Praha. His writings include Papeiska politika a cesafsky ovar praiky na pfedelu XVI. a XVII. viku (1925). He died in 1957. IES; PSN

Stoakes, Frank, born early 20th cent., he served in the Middle East during the second World War as a captain in the Royal Artillery and had been director of Middle Eastern studies and a fellow of St. Antony's College, Oxford, from which University he had earlier gained a double first in classics and oriental studies. He had served in industry for some twelve years as industrial relations officer, public relations adviser, and regional adviser to Iraq Petroleum and associated companies, before he started an academic career at the Department of Government in the University of Manchester as a specialist in the politics of the Middle East and Arab Africa. He had a profound knowledge of the Middle East and was a superb llnquist. He was joint author of Iraq (1959). He died in Manchester, 23 September 1977. BRISMES bulletin, 5 ii (1978), pp. 71-72

Stober, Horst, born early 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Marxist Akademie fur Staats- und Rechtswissenschaft der DDR, Potsdam-Babelsberg. His writings include Die Rol/e der Organisation der Afrikanischen Einheit (OAV) im Kampf gegen Kolonialismus, Rassismus and Apartheid im SOden Afrikas bis 1978 (1981). lC

Stock, Ernest, born 6 August 1924 at Franfurt am Main, he was a 1948 graduate of Princeton and received a Ph.D. in 1963 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Israel on the road to Sinai; a small state in the test of power. He was a community worker in the United States and Israel, and a sometime university lecturer in politics. His writings include From conflict to understanding (1968).

ConAu,21-24; Selim; Wholsrael, 1980/81; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Stock, Eugene, D.C.L., born in 1836, he was a leading missionary historian of the English Church in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, and from 1873 to 1906 a secretary of the Church Missionary Society and concurrently editor of their publications. His writings include The history of the Church Missionary Society (1899-1916), and Beginnings in India (1917). He died in 1928. Who, 1905-1921; Who was who, 2

Stockel, J. M., born 19th cent., he was an Austrian merchant affiliated with Osterreichisches HandelsMuseum, Wien. His writings include Oriental carpets (1892-96), and he was joint author, with Karl Ritter von Scherzer, of Smyrna, mit besonderer ROcksicht auf die geographischen, wirtschaftlichen und intel/ectuel/en vemeltnisse von Vorder-Kleinasien (1873), and its French translation in 1873. NUC von Stockhausen, Hans Wilfried, born early 20th cent., his writings include Vietnam; Dynamik eines Konflikts (Diessen, Ammensee, 1965).

Stockl, Rudolf, born in 1898 at Bruck an der Mur, Austria, he trained as a teacher at Graz and then taught German at Amsterdam from 1938 to 1945. After the war he was an assistant at Geographisches Institut in the Universitat Graz. He died of a heart infarct, 9 June 1960. DtBilnd (1) Stocklein, Hans, born in 1874, he flourished in 1929 at MOnchen and is purported to have gained a doctorate. His writings include Meister des Eisenschneidens; Beitrage zur Kunst- und Waffengeschichte (1922), and Der deutschen Nation Landsknecht (Leipzig, 1935). His trace is lost after this last publication. GV; NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Stocks, Mrs Cheridale de Beauvoir nee Ernst, born 19th cent., she married David de Beauvoir, It-commander, R.N., 1885-1918. Her trace is lost after a publication in 1928. Britlnd (1) Stockwell, Edward Grant, born 11 June 1933 at Newburyport, Mass., he graduated in 1955 from Harvard where he also received his Ph.D. in 1960 with a thesis entitled Socio-economic mortality differentials in Hartford, Conn., and Providence, R.I., 1949-1951. Since 1972 he was a professor of sociology and teaching at BOWling Green State University, Ohio, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Population and people (1968). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 21-24; NatFacDr, 1995; WhoMW, 1974/75, 1976/77

Stocquart, Charles Antoine Emile, born in 1853, he was a sometime barrister in the court of appeal, Bruxelles. His writings include Le contrat de travail (1895), Studies in private international law (1900), and Apercu de revolution juridique du mariage (1905-1907). He died in 1910. Note; NUC, pre-1956 Stocqueler, Joachim Hayward, born in 1800 at London, as Siddons, he published a number of books under the name Stocqueler, an anglicized form of his mother's family name. He was a journalist who resided in India from about 1821 to 1841. In 1831 he traversed the Bakhtiyari country in Persia from west to east, a journey which he described in Fifteen months' pilgrimage through untrodden tracts of Khuzistan and Persia (1832). His other writings include India, its history, climate, productions (1853), and A familiar history of British India (1858). He died in Brighton in 1885. Amlnd (1); Boase; Buckland; Master (1); Riddick

Stoddard, Charles Warren, born in 1843 at Rochester, N.Y., he was for seven years a special travelling correspondent for the San Fransciso Chronicle, visiting nearly every part of the globe. He was also a sometime lecturer in English literature at the Catholic University of America. His writings include Mashallah, a flight into Egypt (1881), and A cruise under the crescent from Suez to San Marco (1898). He died in 1909. BiD&SB; ACAB; DLB, vol. 186 (1997), pp. 356-64; Master (15); NatCAB, vol. 7, p. 116; Shavit;

WhAm, 1; Who was who, 1

Stoddard, David Tappan, born in 1818 at Northampton, Mass., he was a graduate of Andover Theological Seminary and served as a missionary to the Nestorians in Persia from 1843 to his death in Urmia in 1857. His writings include the booklet, Narrative of the revival of religion among the Nestorians of Persia (1848), and Grammar of the modern Syriac language as spoken in Oroomiah, Persia, and in Koordistan (1855). ACAB; Amlnd (6); DAB, vol. 18, pp. 52-53; NatCAB, vol. 4, p. 292; Shavit Stoddard, Theodore Lothrop, born in 1883 at Brookline, Mass., he graduated in 1905 from Harvard where he also received his Ph.D. in 1914. In 1908 he was admitted to the bar of Massachuchetts. He was a radio commentator and a writer. His writings include Rising tide of color against white worldsupremacy (1920), The new world of Islam (1921), its translations, Le nouveau monde de /'islam (1923), ~~)'I r1WI~~ Hadir al-Ialam al-lslamT (1933), and Caravan tour to Egypt and Palestine (1936). He died in 1950. Amlndex (3); Bioln 2, 4; DAB, S 4, pp. 791-93; Master (2); NYT 2 May 1950, p. 29, col. 2;

WhAm, 3; WhNAA

Stoeckel, John Edwin, born 21 May 1940 at Detroit, he graduated in 1962 from East Michigan State University and received his Ph.D. in 1966 from Michigan State University. Since 1971 he was affiliated with the Population Council, N.Y.C. He was joint author of Fertility, infant mortality, and family planning in rural Bangladesh (1973), and he was joint editor of Fertility in Asia (1986). AmM&WS, 1973 S Stoessinger, John George, born 14 October 1927 at Wien, he graduated in 1950 from Grinnell College and received his Ph.D. in 1954 from Harvard with a thesis entitled The refugee and international organization. In 1971 he began an affiliation with Hunter College, N.Y.C.; in 1986 he taught at Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas. His writings include The United Nations and the superpowers (1965), and The might of nations (8th ed., 1986). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 13-16, new rev.,9; Master (2); WhoUN, 1975; WhoWor, 1974/75; WrDr, 1976/78-1992/94

Stoetzer, Willem (Wilhelmus) Franciscus Gerardus Josephus, born in 1945, he received his doctorate in 1986 at the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden with a thesis entitled Theory and practice in Arabic metrics. His writings include Arabische grammatica in schema's en regels (1991). Brinkmans, 1991-95 Stoianovich, Traian, born 20 july 1921 at Grajesnica, Yugoslavia, he graduated in 1942 from the University of Rochester, N.Y., and received an M.A. in 1949 from New York University. Since 1975 he was a professor at Rutgers University. His writings include Between East and West; the Balkan and Mediterranean worlds (1992), and Balkan worlds (1994). ConAu 21-24; DrAS, 1982 H Stoicescu, Nicolae, born 30 November 1924 at Slatina, Romania, he studied history at Bucuresti where he also gained a doctorate in 1972. From 1950 to 1988 he was affiliated with the Institutul de Istorie "N. lorga." He briefly served as a minister of cultural affairs before he was appointed ambas-

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sador to Greece from 1990 to 1994. He was an honorary member of the Academiei Romans. His writings include Repertoriul bibliografic al monumentelor feudale din Bucurestl [Bucurestl] (1961), Curteni §i slujitori (1968), Continuitatea romsnltor (1980), its translation, The continuity of the Romanian people (1983), and Batalia de la Rovine: 17 mai 1395 (1986). He died 15 September 1999. MembriiAR

Stoikov, Rashko, born 27 December 1934 at Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, his writings include npa3HuliHa «emopee (1981), B oveneeneHaxyMaHououme (1982), and Peuumen e eepuusonnomo cmpen6uw,me (1987). Koi, 1998 Stojancevic, Vladimir, Dr., fl. 1951, he was a Yugoslav historian whose writings include KHe3 Munow u ncmoune Cp6uja, 1833-1838 (1957), Munow 06peHoaun teeeoeo 006a (1966), Jy>KHOCnOeeHcKu nepoou y OCMaHcKoM uepcmey 00 Jeapeuceoe Mupa 1829. 00 ttepuosoe «oneoece 1856. eooune (Beograd, 1971), and Cp6uja u 5yaapu, 1804-1878 (1988). LC; NUC Stojanovski, Aleksandar, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1963 at Skopje with a thesis entitled ,aepaeHL(UCmaOmo eo MaKeooHuja, a work which was published in 1974. His writings include Kapnowoeomo eocmenue (Skopje, 1968), and he edited omuupen ttonucen oecjJmep HO. 4, 14671468 eooune (Skopje, 1971). NUC, 1973-77 Stojiljkovic, Dragan, born 20th cent., his writings include Drustvo i informacije (Beograd, 1976), and he edited Transit of goods and passengers - Yugoslavia (Beograd, 1968). NUC, 1968-72 Stokes, Claude Bayfield, born in 1875, he graduated from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and served overseas. When military attache in Tehran, 1907-1911, he became an international incident, his removal being demanded by Russia. He saw clearly then that appeasement was no method for dealing with Russia, and he detested the "Partitlon" of Persia under the Convention of 1907. Back there again in 1918, he was the most forceful personality in South Russia and North Persia in the cause of a settlement which would give peace to the small peoples - Persians, Georgians, Armenians, and Azerbaijanis - under the protection of the League of Nations. All this clattered to the ground, but he was the last Englishman to leave his post as chief British commissioner of Trans-Caucasia in 1922, struggling to the end to protect his wayward and, not surprisingly, very frightened charges from the Bolshevist invasion. On reaching home, he was informed that the Government of India considered that he had been away unnecessarily long and they had no further use for his services. He retired to the Riviera in 1922 and served successively as acting vice-consul and vice-consul at Nice until 1940. He died in 1948. Britlnd (1); JRCAS 36 (1949), pp. 206-207; Who, 1929-1948 Stokes, Eric Thomas, born 10 July 1924 at London, he was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he also received a doctorate in 1953. Since 1970 he was Smuts Professor of the history of the British Commonwealth at Cambridge. His writings include The peasant and the Raj (1978). He died in 1981. AnObit, 1981, pp. 88-89; BlueB, 1975, 1976; ConAu 103, 107; Unesco; Who, 1971-1982; Who was who, 8;

WhoWor, 1978/79; WrDr, 1976/78-1982/84

Stoklitskii, Sergei L'vovich, born 21 September 1946 at Moscow, he graduated in 1969 in economics at Moscow State University and received his first degree in 1973 with a thesis entitled Pon» eocyoepcmee a M06unU3aL(UU enympennux neeonnenua a cmpeuex Maapu6a. He obtained his doctorate in 1990 with a thesis entitled 3KoHoMuliecKue cmpyKmypbl apa6cKux cmpen, He was a political correspondent for TASS from 1976 to 1980, and a cultural attache in Libanon from 1983 to 1986. His other writings include Ilueen: Tpeeoeu u HaOe>KObl (1988). Miliband2 Graf zu Stolberg, Johann Otto, fl. 1979, he spent five years in Iran as head of an agricultural school in Khurasan as well as deputy head of a research project in the vicinity of Shiraz. Until his retirement he was head of the international student office at the Unlversitat Stuttgart. Note

StolboVcl, Eva, born in 1935, her writings include lrensk« cisarfstvi (Praha, 1971). She died in 1993. Stolz, Karl, born 27 December 1903 at Wien, he gained a Dr.phil. in Oriental studies and became affiliated with the Gewerbemuseum, Wien. His writings include Das Schulsystem Griechenlands (Wien, 1965). KOrschner, 1954-1992,2003 Stolze, Franz, born 14 March 1836 at Berlin, he gained a doctorate and was a sometime lecturer in shorthand at the Universitat Berlin. In the service of the Prussian government he spent from 1874 to 1878 in Persia, where he participated in the archaeological expedition under Friedrich C. Andreas. His writings include Die Hendetsvemeltnisse Persiens, mit besonderer BerOcksichtigung der deutschen Interessen (1885), and Chemie tarPhotographen (1903). He died in 1910. BioJahr, 15 (1910), Totenliste, col. 83*; DtBilnd (2); Hinrichsen; Wer ist's, 1909

Stolzfus, William Alfred, born in 1891, he was president of the American Junior College for Women, Beirut, from 1937 to 1958. His papers, 1920-1963, are now located at the Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia, Pa. He died in 1964. LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Stone, Charles Pomeroy, born 30 September 1824 at Greenfield, Mass., he was an engineer and graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y. He served during the Mexican War and in the Army of the Potomac. During peace-time he repeatedly lost whatever fortune he had accumulated. In 1870 he entered the Egyptian Army and served as chief-of-staff under the khedives Ismail and Tawfiq, staying until 1882. During this time he participated in the geographical survey of the Sudan. He died in New York City, 24 January 1887. ANB; DAB; Goldschmidt; Hill; Shavit; WhAm, H Stone, Fanny, born about 1850, she was the daughter of the American general Charles Pomeroy Stone who served in the Khedivial Army from 1870 until 1882. She published her Cairo diary which she kept during the turmoil of 1882 in the Century magazine, June 1884. Stone, Frank Andrews, born 12 January 1929 at Wilmington, Del., he was educated at Heidelberg College, Oberlin College, Western Michigan University, Ankara Oniversitesi, and Boston University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1968 with a thesis entitled Education and the rub of cultures as reflected in the literature of modern Turkey. He taught at the American School, Tarsus, Turkey, from 1953 to 1966. In 1968 he was appointed a professor of education in the University of Connecticut, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include yagda§TOrk egitim dO§Oncesine bibliyografikgiri§ = Modern Turkish educational thought (Ankara, 1971), and Academies for Anatolia (1984). ConAu 6164, new rev., 8; LEduc,1974; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995

Stone, Russell A., born 8 February 1944 at Medicine Hat, Alta., he graduated in 1965 from McGill University, Montreal, and received his Ph.D. in 1971 at Princeton with a thesis entitled Social change in commercial organization; a Tunisian case study. Since 1970 he was a professor of sociology at SUNY, Buffalo. He edited OPEC and the Middle East (1977), and he was joint editor of Change in Tunisia (1976). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; Selim; WhoAm, 1988/89-1994,2001 Stookey, Robert Wilson, born 20 July 1917 at Maquoketa, Iowa, he was a graduate of the University of Nebraska in 1938, and received a Ph.D. in government from the University of Texas in 1972. On account of his command of Arabic, and knowledge of the political scene in the Middle East and North Africa, he had a long career with the Foreign Service in the Department of State, serving in Morocco, Turkey, Iraq, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, 1946-1968. From 1973 until his retirement in 1993 he was a research associate at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas at Austin. His writings include America and the Arab states (1975), Yemen; the politics of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978), and South Yemen; a Marxist republic in Arabia (1982). He died in Austin, 12 January 1998. ConAu, 81; The University of Texas at Austin Center for Middle Eastern Studies newsletter, no. 24 (spring 1998), p. 11

Storbeck, Friedrich, born 12 January 1886 at IIsenburg, Germany, he studied at Leipzig, Halle, and TObingen where he received a Dr.phil. in 1913 with a thesis entitled Die Berichte der arabischen Geographen des Mittelalters Ober Ostafrika. His writings include Ful; eine verkOrzte Methode ToussaintLangenscheidt (Berlin, 1917). NUC, pre-1956; Schwarz Storey, Charles Ambrose, born in 1888 at Blackhill, Durham County, he was educated at Rossal, and went up to Cambridge in 1908 as a major scholar of Trinity College. His university career was one of exceptional academic brilliance. He was awarded the Porson Prize, and he took a first in Part I of the classical tripos. In 1912 he carried off another first, this time in Oriental languages, as well as several Hebrew prizes. In 1914 he was Tyrwhitt Scholar in Hebrew, but in the same year he was appointed professor of Arabic at the Muhammad College, Aligarh, where he continued until 1919. Returning to England, he became assistant librarian, and later librarian, at the India Office, London. In 1933 he was elected Sir Thomas Adam's Professor of Arabic at Cambridge, a post which he held until 1947, retiring before his term of office was completed, to Hove, Sussex, where he spent his last twenty years, holding little communication with other scholars. He was one of the last of the older oriental scholars, a man of retiring, even eccentric disposition, a recluse who devoted the whole of his life to scholarship. His writings include a volume of the Catalogue of Arabic manuscripts in the India Office, and, of course, Persian literature; a bio-bibliographical survey (1927-1997), a work which was translated into Russian and Persian. He died a bachelor on 24 April 1967. Robert E. Serjeant in: Islamic culture 43 (1969), pp. i-ii; WhE&EA; Who, 1932-1967; Who was who, 6

Stork, Joe, born early 20th cent., he was affiliated with Middle East Research and Information Projects (MERIP), was an editor of MERIP reports, and a university lecturer. His writings include Middle East oil and the energy crisis (1975), and he was joint author of Reagan and the Middle East (1983). LC Storm, William Harold, born in 1901 at Hope, N.J., and a graduate from the University of Pennsylvania and its Medical School, he went out to the Arabian Mission in 1927 and had the unenviable distinction of having been appointed to every station of the Mission during his first term. It was in Oman, working from the Matrah Hospital as a base, that he began the series of tours which culminated in the long and notable one which he made shortly after his return from fourlough in 1934. The purpose of this tour Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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was to make a general survey of all Arabia from a missionary angle and a special leper survey. For ten months, from June 1935 to March 1936, he travelled across the southern-most part of the peninsula, coming out at Aden. Large clinics were held in many towns of Southern Arabia which had never before seen a Western doctor, and an incredible number of operations performed under most primitive conditions. His writings include Whither Arabia (1938). He was still active in 1939. Shavit; Van Ess

Storost, JOrgen, born 20 August 1940 at Wittenberg, Germany, he studied Romance philology at the Unlversitat Leipzig and obtained his Dr.phil. in 1971 from the Universitat Halle for his thesis, Studien zur Herausbildung der chemischen Fachsprache in der franzosischen Sprachgeschichte. He gained a Dr.habil. in 2000 at Humboldt Universltat, Berlin. Thereafter he specialized in history of science. His writings include Langue trenceise - langue universelle? Diskussion abet die Universalitat des Frenzosischen an der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften (1994), and a number of dictionaries. Private Storrs, Sir Ronald, born 19 November 1881. After his studies at Cambridge University he joined the Egyptian Ministry of Finance in 1904. Later, as Oriental Secretary to British Agency, Cairo, he was very close to Lord Kitchener and acted as his intermediary in the most confidential matters. Very sociable, he had extremely wide contacts at all levels of Egyptian society, contributing articles on this as well as his visits to Arabia to the Arab bulletin. After 1917, as Governor of Jerusalem, he sent local news. He was later Governor of Cyprus and of Northern Rhodesia. His writings include The memoirs of Sir Ronald Storrs (1937), and Lawrence of Arabia; Zionism and Palestine (1940). He died 1 November 1955. R. L. Bidwell, Arab bulletin 1 (1986 reprint), p. xxviii; Who was who, 5 Stotherd, Edward Augustus Wood, born in 1864, he was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He first went out to India in 1888. In 1893 he was dispatched to explore in southern Persia. Later he was sent to fight the Boxers in China. He retired as colonel. His writings include History of the Thirtieth Lancers, Gordon's Horse (1913), and his reminiscences, Sabre & saddle (1933). Note Stotz, Carl Louis, born in 1908, he received a doctorate at Clark University, and taught in 1933 at Robert College, Istanbul. In 1939 he was affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh. His writings include Work book; elements of political geography (1939), and he was joint author of Elements of political geography (1957). LC; Note Stow, Sir Alexander Montague, born 13 December 1873, he was a sometime settlement commissioner, Jammu and Kashmir. His writings include Review of the assessment report of the Jasmergah Tahsil of the Kathua District of the Jammu Province (Allahabad, 1924). He died 27 June 1936. Riddick; Who, 1929-1936; Who was who, 3

Stowasser, Barbara Regine nee Freyer, born 22 March 1935 at Leipzig, she studied at Mainz, Erlangen, Ankara, UCLA and MOnster, where she received a Dr.phil. degree in 1961 for her thesis, Formen des geselligen Umgangs und EigentDmlichkeiten des Sprachgebrauchs in der frDhislamischen Gesellschaft Arabiens. She was a professor at the University of Maryland, and later, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. Her writings include Religion and political development (1983), and Women in the our'en, traditions, and interpretation (1994). LC; Schwarz; WhoE,1981-83

Stowasser, Karl, born 11 May 1925 at Graslitz (Kraslice), Czechoslovakia. Drafted into the German army at the age of eighteen, he was captured by the Americans and sent as a prisoner of war to the United States. Upon repatriation, he trained as a professional translator-interpreter, receiving diplomas for English, French and Arabic (1949-50). He held a variety of language positions in the 1950s, inclUding service as a translator for the Syrian general-staff in Damascus (1951-52), secretaryinterpreter at the Egyptian consulate-general in Frankfurt a.M. (1953-54), and head of the Middle East radio-monitoring service of Germany's press and information office (1955-56). He received his Dr.phil. magna cum laude in 1966 from the Unlversltat MOnsterfor his thesis, At- Tahtawi in Paris, which was revised for publication in 1988 as Ein Muslim endeckt Europa; Rifa1a al- Tahtawi's Bericht abet seinen Aufenthalt in Paris, 1826-1831. Prior to his appointment to the University of Maryland (1970), he taught Arabic language and linguistics at Georgetown University. His writings include A dictionary of Syrian Arabic (1964). He died after a long struggle with leukemia, 14 February 1997. MESA bulletin 31 (1997), 141-42; Thesis

Stowell, Thora, pseud., 1885- see Dicken, Mrs. Alice Mary Stoyanovsky, Jacob, born about 1900, he received a doctorate in 1925 from the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled La theorie generale des mandates internationaux and an LL.D. in 1927 at London for The mandate for Palestine. BN; Sluglett

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Strachan, Hew Francis Anthony, born 1 September 1949 at Edinburgh, he was educated at Eton and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Since 1968 he was affiliated with the National Army Museum, Sandhurst. In 1975 he became a research fellow at Corpus Christi. His writings include British military uniforms, 1768-1796 (1975), and History of the Cambridge University Officers Training Corps (1976), European armies and the conduct of war (1983), The politics of the British Army (1997), and he edited The Oxford illustrated history of the First World War (1998). ConAu, 61-64 Strachey, Sir Edward, born in 1812 at Sutton Court, Somerset, he was educated at the East India Company's college, Haileybury, but prevented from sailing to India on account of inflammation of the knee-joint, a handicap which was only partly cured after twenty years. His life was largely that of a man of letters; he followed up his early studies in Oriental languages, especially Persian, and was well versed in English literature. His writings include Hebrew politics in the times of Sargon and Sennacherib (1853), and Miracles and science (1854). He died in 1901. Dictionary of national biography; Master (1); Who was who, 1

Strachey, Giles Lytton, born in 1880 at London, he was educated at Liverpool and Cambridge. Failing to get elected to a fellowship, he worked in London as a journalist and writer. He was a conscientious objector during the first World War. His writings include Eminent Victorians (1918). He died in 1932. Contemporary authors, 110; Dictionary of literary biography, 149 (1995), pp. 225-248; Dictionary of national biography; GrBr; Master (21); Who was who, 3

Strahorn, Arthur Thomas, born about 1880, he was affiliated with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and edited the Reports of the experts submitted to the Joint Palestine Survey Commission (1928). NUC, pre-1956

Strain, Warren, born in 1902, he obtained a doctorate and was in 1939 chairman of the Department of Geography, State Teachers' College, Slippery Rock, Pa. Note; NUC, pre-1956 Strakach, IUrii Borisovich, 20th cent., his writings include HapooHble mpeouuuu u nooeomoese coepeMeHHblX npouucnoeo-cemcxouosniicmeennux Kaopoe (1966). NUC, 1956-67 Strakhovsky, Leonid Ivanovich, born 27 May 1898 at Orenburg, Russia, he attended the university of Petrograd from 1917 to 1918. After the Russian revolution he went to England. From 1924 to 1928 he studied at Louvain where he gained a doctorate in history. In 1928 he went to Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., as a professor of modern European history. He subsequently served as a professor successively at the University of Maryland, Harvard, and finally the University of Toronto, where he ended his career as a full professor in the Department of Slavic Studies. His writings include L'Empereur Nicolas I et I'esprit national russe (1928), and Intervention at Archangel, 1918-1920 (1944). He died in 1963. Canadian, 1961-63; Russian review 22 (July 1963), pp. 338-340 Strand, Richard F., born early 20th cent., he edited Ethnic processes and intergroup relations in contemporary Afghanistan (1978). LC Strandman, Ernst August, born 28 November 1832 at Kristinestad (Kristiinankaupunki), Finland, he studied at Helsingfors and, according to the custom of the day, St. Petersburg where he read Oriental literature. He received his doctorate in 1866 at Helsinfors with a thesis entitled De codice manuscripto vitas veterum poetarum Arabum sub nomine Ibn Challikani exhibente and gained an appointment as professor of Oriental literature with his Chuandamir's afhandling om qarachitaiska dynastin i Kerman, med inledning och anmarkninger (1869). He died in Helsingfors on 9 December 1900. ScBlnd (3); Stenij, pp. 302-306

Strange, Susan, born in 1923 in Dorset, she studied at LSE where she took a first in economics in 1943. She subsequently pursued a career with the Economist and the Observer. In 1965 she became a research fellow in the Royal Institute of International Affairs, and in 1978 she started teaching international political economy at LSE. Her writings include The Soviet trade weapon (1959), Research on international organization (1968), Casino capitalism (1986), and States and markets (1988). She died of cancer on 25 October 1998. ConAu, 49-52,171; Who, 1980-1999 Strangford, Emily Anne nee Beaufort, viscountess, born in 1826, she explored Egypt and Syria during the three years preceding her first marriage in 1862. After her husband's death in 1869, she married Percy E. A. F. W. Smythe, eight viscount Stranford. She established in memory of him a college for the promotion of medical science at Damascus. She founded in 1874 the metropolitan and national nursing association. In 1876 she undertook the local administration of the fund which she had raised for the relief of Bulgarian peasants. She founded a fund for relief of Turkish sick and wounded in the war between Turkey and Russia (1877) and went with her staff of nurses to the front and there opened Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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and maintained her hospitals for soldiers taken prisoner by the Russians. In 1882 she established the Victoria Hospital at Cairo. Her writings include Egyptian sepulchres and Syrian shrines, including some stay in the Lebanon, at Palmyra, and in western Turkey (1861) The eastern shores of the Adriac in 1863, with a visit to Montenegro (1864), and Hospital training for nurses (1874). She died on board the Lusitania in the Mediterranean on her way to Port Said, 24 March 1887. Boase; Robinson, p. 81

Strangford, Percy, viscount, 1826-1869 see Smythe, Percy Ellen Frederick William, 8th viscount Strangford Stratanovich, Grigorii Grigor'evich, born in 1912 at St. Petersburg, he graduated in 1932 in linguistics at Leningrad. He received his first degree with a thesis entitled ,[JyHaaHe Kupau3cKoiJ CCP, and his doctorate in 1975 for HapoaHble eepoeenus necenenun cmpen nnoo-Kume». From 1938 to his death on 11 June 1977 he was affiliated with the Institute of Ethnography in the Soviet Academy of Science. Miliband; Miliband2

Stratanovich, Vladimir Fedos'evich, born 23 September 1935 in Russia, he graduated in 1958 from Novozybkov State Pedagogical Institute and received his first degree in 1966 at Moscow with a thesis on capitalism in British North America. Miliband2 Stratford de Redcliffe, Stratford Canning, 1786-1880 see Canning, Stratford Stratil-Sauer, Gustav, born 26 May 1894 at Fulnek, Moravia, he studied geography at Wien, Berlin, and Breslau where he received his first doctorate in 1922, and his second doctorate in 1937 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled Geographische Untersuchungen zur Stadtlandschaft, durchgefahrl am Beispiel von Trapezunt. Since 1924 he repeatedly made travel visits to the Balkans and the Middle East. In 1929 he decided to combine academic and economic aims and, since his funds were scant, he had to rely on sponsors for a journey from Leipzig to Afghanistan. He obtained contributions from industry to his equipment and, in return, treated every article that he wore or took along as a sample and solicited orders for it. The motorcycle that was indirectly the cause of his long sojourn in an Afghan prison was given him as a piece of advertising policy. In 1939 he was appointed a professor of geography at Wien. His writings include Fahrl und Fessel (1927), and Geographische Forschungen in Ostpersien (1953-56). He died in Klosterneuburg, 25 November 1975. DtBE; KOrschner,1940/41-1970; Mitteilungen der

Osterreichen Geographischen Gesellschaft 106 (1964), pp. 79-85, 118 (1976), pp.146-148; Note; WhoAustria, 1957/581969/70

Stratos, Andreas Nikolaou, born in 1905 at Athens, he was lawyer, politician, and a Byzantine scholar who had studied at Jena, Berlin, Paris, and Athens. His writings include a collection of his articles, Studies in 7th-century Byzantine political history (1983). He was honoured by the commemoration volume, Bu(avTlou: AtplepwlJa aTOV Avopea N. LTpaTo (1986). He died in 1981. EEE; Hellenikon, 1965 Stratton, Morton Brown, born 24 March 1916 at Moylan, Pa., he was a graduate of Tufts College and received a Ph.D. in 1942 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled British communications in the Middle East, 1885-1939; the development of imperial railways, motor roads, and air lines. From 1943 to 1971 he was a professor of history in Denison University, Granville, Ohio. DrAS, 1969,1974 H; Selim; WhoAm, 1974/75, 1976/77

StrauB, Bettina, born 22 March 1901 at Kirchhain near Kassel, she studied Oriental languages at Marburg, Frankfurt, GieBen, Berlin and Freiburg, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1934 at Berlin for Das Giftbuch des CEanaq; eine literaturgeschichtliche Untersuchung. She had studied medicine for one semester, and worked during the depression as an x-ray technician at Charita, Berlin, 1926-1931. Thesis StrauB, Eduard, born 18 February 1876 at Kreuznach, Germany, he studied philosophy and natural sciences, including medicine, at Bonn, MOnchen, and Berlin. He was a biochemist at hospitals in Germany and, after his emigration, in New York City, where he was also engaged in adult education. He died in N.Y.C., 23 August 1952. Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Emigration nach 1933 (198083); CnDiAmJBi; DtBE; Wininger

Strauss, Leo, born 20 September 1899 at Kirchhain, Hessen, he studied philosophy, mathematics, and natural sciences at Marburg, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, and Hamburg. From 1925 to 1932 he was attached to the Akademie fur die Wissenschaft des Judentums, Berlin. He was a Rockefeller fellow in Paris, and since 1934 in Great Britain. In 1938 he emigrated to the U.S.A., where he became a professor of political science successively at New York and Chicago. In his retirement he served as a scholar-in-residence at St. John's College, Annapolis, Md., where he died 18 October 1973. His writings include Philosophie und Gesetz; Beitrage zum Verstandnis Maimunis und seiner votteuier (1935), and Faith and politica/ philosophy; the correspondence between Leo Strauss and Eric Voegelin (1993). CnDiAmJBi; ConAu, 45-48; DrAS, 1969 P; DtBE; Master (2); Who was who in America, 6; Who's who in world Jewry, 1965, 1972

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StrauB, Wolfgang, born in 1931 at Libau (Liepsja), Latvia, his writings include Bargerrechtler in der UdSSR (1979), Aufstand far Deutschland, der 17. Juni 1953 (1982), Revolution against Jalta (1982), and RuBland wird leben; vom roten Stern zur Zarenfahne (1992). LC Strauss-Ashtor, Eduard, 1914-1984 see Ashtor, Eliahu Strausz-Hupe, Robert, born 25 March 1903 at Wien, he was educated in the United States since 1923 and received a Ph.D. in 1945 from the University of Pennsylvania for The balance of tomorrow. From 1940 to 1969 he was affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania as a teacher of political science and subsequently served as an American ambassador. His writings include Geopolitics (1942), and its translation, Geopolitica (1945). AmM&WS, 1973 S; BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 9-12; IntWW, 1974/752001; Master (6); WhoAm, 1973-1988/89; WhoAmP, 1973-1999/2001; WhoGov, 1972/73-1977/78; WhoWor, 1974-1991/921

Strayer, Joseph Reese, born 20 August 1904 at Baltimore, Md., he received a Ph.D. in 1930 at Harvard with a thesis entitled The administration of Normandy under Saint Louis. He was a medieval scholar and affiliated with Princeton since 1930. His writings include Western Europe in the middle ages (1955). He died in Princeton, 2 July 1987. ConAu 103, 123; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; Master (2);

WhAm, 9; WhoAm, 1974-1986/87

Streck, Karl Maximilian, born 18 October 1873 at Pfarrkirchen, Bavaria, he received a Dr.phil. in 1898 at the Unlversitat Leipzig with a thesis entitled Armenien, Kurdistan und Westpersien nach den babylonisch-assyrischen Keilinschriften. He obtained a Dr.habil. in 1900 at MOnchen. He was a professor of Semitics, Turkish and Persian at the Universitat WOrzburg from 1908 to his retirement in 1939. His writings include Die alte Landschaft Babylonien nach den arabischen Geographen (19001901). KOrschner, 1926-1940/41; Schwarz Strecker, Wilhelm Valentin, born 19th cent., his writings include the booklet, Ober den Rackzug der Zehntausend (1886). NUC, pre-1956 Street, Brian V., born 20th cent., his writings include The savage in literature (1975), Literacy in theory and practice (1984), and he edited Zande themes; essays presented to Sir Edward Evans-Pritchard (1972). LC Street, John Charles, born 3 April 1930 at Chicago, he graduated in 1951 from Yale University where he also received his Ph.D. in 1955 with a thesis entitled The language of the Secret history of the Mongols. From 1957 to his retirement in 1992 he was a professor of linguistics at various American universities. His writings include Khalkha structure (1963). DrAS, 1969-1982 F; WhoAm, 1974-1988/89,2001 Streit, Clarence Kirshman, born 21 January 1896 at California, Mo., he was a sometime correspondent of the Philadelphia Public ledger, successively posted to Roma and Constantinople. He later became the New York Times correspondent in the League of Nations from 1925 to 1939. He was president of both the International Movement for Atlantic Union and Federal Union Incorporated. His writings include Hafiz, the Tongue of the hidden (1928), Hafiz in quatrains (1946), Union now; a proposal for a federal union of the democracies of the North Atlantic (1939), and The essence of Union now (1940). He died in Washington, D.C., in 1986. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 1-4, 119; CurBio, 1940, 1950,1986 N; IntAu&W, 1977-1986; IntWW,1974/75-1983; Master (7); WhAm, 9; Who, 1943-1985; Who was who, 8

Streit, Georgios S., born in 1868 at Patras, Greece, he was a sometime professor of international law at Athens University. His writings include Die Widersetzung gegen die Staatsgewalt (1892), L'affaire Zappa; conflit greco-roumain (1894); rOOT1Jpa IOIWTIXOU ou:evou~ olXaiou (1906), Der Lausanner Vertrag und der griechisch-tarkische Bevolkerungsaustausch (1929), and '10lWTIXOV ou:ev£~ olXa1ov (1937). He died in 1948. BN; EEE; Note; NUC, pre-1956 Strel'bitskii, Ivan Afanas'evich, born in 1828, he was a Russian general and a cartographer. His writings include BnaoeHiR mypo« Ha MamepuKe Eaponbl c 1700 no 1879 800 Possessions des Turcs sur Ie continent europeen de 1700 a 1879 (1879). UCl/ucneHie ttoeepxnocmu Pocciaceoc UMnepiu (1889), and Superficie de I'Europe, translated by Nestor Masson (1882). He died in 1900. GSE; LC

=

Strelcyn, Stefan (Stephane), born in 1918 in Poland, and educated in Belgium and France, he served in various capacities as a teacher of Semitic studies at Warszawa, Paris, London, and Manchester. His writings include Catalogue des manuscrits ethiopiens de la collection Griaule (1938-54), Prieres magiques ethiooiennes pour dener les charmes (1955), Catalogue des manuscrits ethioptens de I'Academia Nazionale dei Lincei (1976), and Catalogue of Ethiopic manuscripts in the John Rylands Library of Manchester (1974). He died in 1981. Who was who, 8; WhoWor, 1982/83 Strelkov, Aleksandr Semenovich, born in 1896 at Moscow, he completed a law course in 1918. He was affiliated with the State Academy of History of Material Culture, Petrograd, 1919-1931, and

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Strempel, Dora, born 11 November 1837 at Schwerin, Mecklenburg, she grew up in a civil servants' home and started writing when still a young girl. After first her father died and then her mother, she went abroad to make a living. She spent some time in Italy where she wrote her first novels. From about 1880 she lived in Constantinople, where she made literary headway. Under the pseudonym Detlev Stern, she published her first novel, Hypatia, ein Roman aus dem modernen Konstantinopel (1883), and also started a career as a correspondent for Tagliche Rundschau, reporting accurately news and events. Her writings also include Ohne Heimat und G/auben (1884), and Der Sohn der Chiotin (1885). She died in Schwerin, 11 November 1919. DtBilnd (2); KDtLK, Nekrolog, 1901-1935; Lexikon deutscher Frauen der Feder (1898)

Stricker, Bruno Hugo, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1953 at the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden with a thesis entitled De indeeling der Egyptische taalgeschiedenis. In 1953 he was affiliated with the Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap "Ex oriente lux." His trace is lost after a publication in 1981. Brinkman's; Sezgin

Strickland, Claude Francis, born in 1881 at Hampstead and educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford, he joined the Indian Civil Service from 1905 to 1930. He later served in Palestine and Africa. His writings include Introduction to co-operation in India (1922), Co-operation for Africa (1933), and Rural welfare in India (1936). He died in 1962. WhE&EA; Who, 1932-1962; Who was who, 6

Stride, William John Francis Keatley, born in 1865, he won in 1896 the University of Oxford Chancellor's English essays prize for his Military brotherhoods. His writings include Exeter College (London, 1900), and Empire builders (London, 1906). NUC, pre-1956 Striedl, Hans, born 17 January 1907 at Passau, Bavaria, he received a Dr.phil. in 1937 for Untersuchungen zur Syntax und Stilistik des bebretscnen Buches Esther. He was a sometime librarian at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, MOnchen, and was joint author of Hebreiscne Handschriften (1965-1984). He died on 31 December 2002. JahrDtB, 1989-1997/98; KOrschner, 1987-1992; Private

Strika, Vincenzo, born early 20th cent. Throughout the 1970s he was a professor of Islamic art at the Scuola di Studi Islamici, Instituto Universitario Orientale, Napoli. His writings include Origine e primi sviluppi del/'architettura civile musulmana (1968), and La "cetiedre" di S. Pietro a Venezia; note sulla simologia astrale nel/'arte islamica (1978). LC; Note

Strike, Clifford Stewart, born 28 August 1902 at Marion, Illinois, he graduated in 1924 in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois. He was a sometime president of F. H. McGraw & Co., New York. He died in 1979. Bioln 2,3; CurBio, November 1949, pp. 53-54; IntYB, 1978, 1979; Master (6); NYT 20 January 1979, p. 26, col. 2; WhAm, 7

Stroeva, Liudmila Vladimirovna, born in 1910 at Sevastopol, she graduated in 1937 from the Faculty of History at Leningrad where she also received her first degree in 1941 with a thesis entitled Her writings include Focyoeocmeo ucueunumoe B tlfpaHe (1978), a work which was originally submitted as a doctoral thesis in 1973. Since 1944 she was affiliated with the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, where she was appointed a lecturer in 1946 and a professor in 1979. She died 11 April 1993. Miliband; Miliband2

Boseuiuenue Tuuype, 1360-1370 aa

Strohl, Johannes Eduard Friedrich (Jean Edouard Frederic), born 22 February 1886 at Bischwiller, Alsace, he gained a doctorate in 1907 at Freiburg im Breisgau and was since 1907 a professor of zoology at ZOrich, and since 1935 a president of Schweizerische Gesellschaft fur Geschichte der Medizin. He died in ZOrich, 7 October 1942. BN; DtBE Strohmaier, Rudolf Gotthard, born 4 November 1934 at Zwickau, he studied theology at Leipzig and Berlin, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1965 from Humboldt Universltat for Die arabisch erhaltene Galenschrift "Uber die Verschiedenheit der komoiomeren Korperteile." His writings include Denker im Reich der Kalifen (1979), Die Sterne des Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi (1984), and In den Garten der Wissenschaft; ausgewahlte Texte aus den Werken des muslimischen Universalgelehrten AI-Biruni (1988). Thesis Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach, Ernst, born 12 June 1871 at NOrnberg, he studied natural sciences at MOnchen, Stra~burg, and Berlin, receiving a doctorate in 1897 at MOnchen with a thesis entitled Die Geologie der deutschen Schutzgebiete in Afrika. In 1897 he became a keeper at the Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie te Leiden, and in 1907 a professor at MOnchen. He made research travels to Egypt. He died in Erlangen, 18 December 1952. DtBE; DtBilnd (3); KOrschner, 1950; Wer ist's, 1928, 1935

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Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach, Wolfgang, born 28 April 1922 at MOnchen, he became a professor of history of trade, society, and industry at the Universttat Erlangen-NOrberg from 1978 to his retirement in 1990. His writings include Die Ntunberqer Handelsgesellschaft Gruber, Podmer, Stromer im 15. Jahrhundert (1963), Die Grandung der Baumwollindustrie in Mitteleuropa (1978), and he was joint author of the exhibition catalogue, Zauberstoff Papier (1990). In 1987 he was honoured by a jubilee volume, Hochfinanz, Wirtschaftsraume, Innovationen; Festschrift far Wolfgang von Stromer. KOrschner,1976-19921; Wer ist wer, 1990/91-1997/98

Stronach, David Brian, born 10 June 1931, he was a graduate of St. John's College, Cambridge, and since 1961 director of the British Institute of Persian Studies, and since 1981 a professor of Near Eastern studies at the University of California, Berkeley, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Pasargade; a report on the excavations conducted by the British Institute of Persian Studies from 1961 to 1963. (1978). NatFacDr, 1995; Who, 1976-2004; WhoWor, 1982/83 Strong, Anna Louise, born 24 November 1885 at Friend, Nebr., she was educated at Bryn Mawr, Oberlin College, and Chicago. She was a journalist who spent years in the Soviet Union and China, where she died in Peking, 29 March 1970. Her writings include The Psychology of prayer (1909), originally presented in 1908 as her thesis at Chicago entitled A Consideration of prayer from the standpoint of social psychology; and The Road to the grey Pamir (1931). Master (13); Shavit - Asia; WhAm, 5 Strong, John Wentworth, born 22 January 1930 at Waterville, Me., he was educated at Colby College, and Boston University. In 1964, he received his Ph.D. from Harvard for Russian relations with Khiva, Bukhara, and Kokand, 1800-1858. He was since 1962 a professor at the Department of History in Carleton University, Ottawa. He edited The Soviet Union under Brezhnev and Kosygin (1971), and he was joint editor of Religion and atheism in the USSR and Eastern Europe (1975). ConAu, 37 rev.; DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; DrASCan, 1978, 1983; IntAu&W, 1977

Strong, Sandford Arthur, born in 1863 at London, he was a librarian to the House of Lords and a professor of Arabic at University College, London. His writings include an edition of FutOh alHabashah, or, The Conquest of Abyssinia by Shihab ai-Din A. b. 'Abd ai-Qadir 'Arabfaqih (1894). He died in 1904. Who, 1897-1903; Who was who, 1 Strothmann, Rudolph, born 4 September 1877 at Lengerich, Prussia, he studied theology and Oriental languages at Bonn and Halle-Wittenberg where received a Dr.phil. in 1911 with a thesis entitled Das Staatsrecht der Zaiditen. A trained theologian, he served as a school teacher and pastor at Schulpforta from 1907 to 1923 when he was invited to teach Oriantalia at the Universltat Gie~en. In 1927 he succeeded to H. Ritter's professorship at Hamburg, a post which he held until retirement in 1947. He is best remembered for research into Islamic sects. His writings include Die Twater Schi'a (1926), and Die koptische Kirche in der Neuzeit (1932). He died on 15 May 1960. Islam 36 (1960), pp. 1-3; KOrschner,1925-1954; Schwarz; ZDMG, 111 (1961), pp. 13-15

Strouhal, Evzen(Eugen), born 24 January 1931 at Praha, he gained doctorates in medicine and archaeology at the local Universita Karlova in 1956 and 1959 respectively. He was affiliated with the Cekoslovensky Egyptologicky Ostav, Praha, and was for over thirty years a curator and academic staff member at Naprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures, Praha. His writings include Sedmkrat do Nt1bie (1989). ConAu, 140; Filipsky, pp. 458-63 Struck, Adolf Hermann, born 18 January 1877 at Constantinople, he was a sometime librarian to Deutsches Archaoloqisches Institut, Athens. In the service of the Institute he travelled in Laconia, a journey which he described in Mistra, eine mittelalterliche Ruinenstadt (1910). His other writings include Makedonische Fahrten (1907-8), and Griechenland (1911). He died in Mainz on 14 September 1911. BioJahr, 16 (1911), col. 76*

Struckhusen (Strukhusen), Jacob, fl. 17th cent., his writings include Syntagma histone: Sarraceno-

TurkiCB, quod a Muhammede I., Sarracenorum phylarco et pseudo-propheta, ad Muhammedem IV., hodierum Turcorum padiscachum, universee propemodum MuslimicCB gentis origines, imperia '" traduntur(Helmstedt 1664). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Strupp, Karl, born 30 March 1886 at Gotha, he gained a Dr.jur. and served as a professor of national and international private law at the Universltat Frankfurt until his emigration in 1933 when he was invited to Istanbul Oniversitesi, a post which he soon had to resign for reason of health. Thereafter he lived successively in Denmark, Switzerland and the Netherlands without any chance for a permanent post. When he finally received a call from the Institute of Social Research at Columbia University, N.Y.C., his precarious health prevented an acceptance. His writings include Urkunde zur Geschichte des Volkerrechts (1911), La situation internationale de la Grace, 1821-1917 (1918), Elements du droit international public universel, europeen et emeticein (1927), its translation, Hukuku aavet; Evropa ve Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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von Struve, Otto Wilhelm, born 7 May 1819 at Dorpat, where he studied astronomy and received his doctorate. Until 1869 he was attached in various capacities to the Russian national observatory in Pulkovo. In 1890 he moved to Karlruhe, Germany, where he died 16 April 1905. Baltisch (7); DcScB; DtBE; DtBilnd (4)

Strzygowski, Josef, born 7 March 1862 at Biala, Galicia, he sudied fine art at Berlin, Wien, and Munchen. After two doctorates he served as a professor at Graz, and from 1909 to 1933 at Wien, where he founded the first Austrian institute of history of art. In 1933 he established the Gesellschaft fur vergleichende Kunstforschung. His writings include Altai-Iran und Volkerwanderung (1917), and Die Baukunst der Armenier in Europa (1918). He died in Wien, 2 January 1941. DtBE; Egyptology; KOrschner, 1925-1935; Who was who, 4

Strzygowski, Walter, born 20 JUly 1908 at Graz, Austria, the son of Josef Strzygowski, he studied geography from 1927 to 1931 at Wien and received a Dr.phil. for Morphologische Untersuchungen im Einzugsgebiet der steirischen Salza. Except for war-time military service, he taught at various university institutes in Wien from 1933 until his death. From September 1968 to February 1969 he organized an Eurasia overland tour to the International Geographical Congress in New Delhi in order to study environmental and geographical problems connected with the planning of a Trans-Asian highway from Istanbul to Nepal. His writings include Gedanken und Visionen eines Raumordners und Geographen (1990). He died in Wien while jogging, 4 July 1970. DtBE; KOrschner,1954-1970; WhoAustria, 1959/60-1969/70

Stuart, Brian Arthur Worthington, F.R.G.S., fl. 20th cent., he served in the Legion etranqere, an experience which he described in his Far to go (1947). His other writings, partly under the pseudonym Peter Meredith, include Adventure in Algeria (1936), and Desert adventure (1954). BlC Stuart, Graham Henry, born 27 January 1887 at Cleveland, Ohio, he was a graduate of the local Western Reserve University and received a Ph.D. in 1920 from the University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled French foreign policy from Fashoda to Serajevo, 1898-1914. From 1928 to his retirement in 1952 he was a professor of political science at Stanford University. Concurrently he served in 1946 as adviser to the U.S. Minister in Tangier. His writings include The international city of Tangier (1931), and American diplomatic and consular practice (1936). ConAu, 13-14; IntAu&W, 1977; Master (3); WhoAm, 1974/75-1980/81; WrDr, 1976/78-1984/86

Stuart-Wortley, Edward James Montagu, born in 1857, he was educated at Eton. He served in the Afghan War, 1879-80, and in Egypt, the Sudan, and Turkey. He retired as major-general. In 1891 he was married to Violet Hunter (Guthrie) Montagu. He died in 1934. Hill; Who, 1905-1932; Who was who, 3 Stuart-Wortley, Mrs. Violet Hunter (Guthrie) Montagu, born in 1866 at London, she was married to major-general E. J. M. Stuart-Worthley, 1857-1934. Her writings include A prime minister and his son (1925), Highcliffe and the Stuarts (1927), Life without theory; an autobiography (1946), and Magic in the distance (1948). She died in 1953. WhE&EA; Who, 1948-1953; Who was who, 5 Stube, Rudolf, born 27 July 1870 at Behren-Luchin, Mecklenburg, he was educated at Rostock and Halle where he received a doctorate in 1895 for JOdisch-babylonische Zaubertexte. In 1917 he was a Professor at Nikolaischule, a secondary school, in Leipzig. His writings include Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Schrift (1911-13), Die Ukraine und ihre Beziehungen zum Osmanischen Reiche (1915), and Der Ursprung des Alphabetes und seine Entwicklung (1921). NUC, pre-1956; Thesis Stuckert, Rudolf, born 1909 at Schaffhausen, Switzerland, he left school with undistinguished marks and started as an apprentice at a local architect's office. He received his university diploma in architecture at the height of the great depression, necessitating casual employment of short duration. At the outbreak of the second world war he was engaged by the Afghan Government as an architect, a position he held until 1946, returning only once for a visit in 1978. Until his retirement he was employed as a Thurgau Kantonsbaumeister. He was a founding member of the Schweizer Gesellschaft der Freunde Afghanistans, and later, a supporting member of the Fondation Bibliotheca Afghanica. His writings include Erinnerungen an Afghanistan; aus dem Tagebuch eines schweizer Architekten, 1940-1946 (1994). He died in Frauenfeld, Switzerland, 25 September 1985. Stuckmann, Gunther, born about 1940, he received a doctorate in 1968 at Hannover for Hydrographische Untersuchungen im Bereich der mittleren Medjerda ... in Nordtunesien. In 1970 he was affiliated with Geographisches Institut, Techniche Hochschule, Hannover. He was joint author of Sudan, Sahel, Sahara; geomorphologische Beobachtungen auf einer Forschungsexpedition (1970). Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Studenetskaia, E. N., fl. 1948, her writings include Hapoobl Ka8Ka3a; xemenoe-yxesemene 3mHOapacjJUl/eCKUX KOnneKlJ,u{} (1981), Ooe>Koa neooooe Ceeepnoeo Ka8Ka3a XVIII-XX 88. (1989), and she was joint author of rpY3UHbl, /I nonoeuue XIX-XX 88. (1963). LC Stuermer, Harry, Dr., born 19th cent, he was with the German military until the beginning of 1915, when he joined the editorial staff of the Kolniscne Zeitung and, after a few weeks in Koln, became their correspondent in Constantinople. There he learned first hand of the atrocities committed upon the Armenians. His opposition to the German government's position in this affair led him to move to Switzerland in the winter of 1917. His writings include Deux ans de guerre a Constantinople (1917) and its two translations, Zwei Kriegsjahre in Konstantinopel: Skizzen deutsch-jungturkischer Moral und Politik (1917), and Two war years in Constantinople (1917). Missionary herald 114 (1918), pp. 381-382 Stulpnagel, C. Rebsch, fl. 1878, his writings include The Sikhs, an historical sketch (Lahore, 1879). BLC; NUC, pre-1956

Stumm, Hugo, born 19th cent., his writings include Aus Chiwa (1873), its translation, Chiwa; rapports (1874), Der russische Feldzug nach Chiwa (1875), and its translation, Russia in Central Asia (1885). NUC, pre-1956

Stumme, Hans, born 3 November 1864 at Mittweida, Saxony, he received a Dr.habil. in 1895 at Leipzig for Dichtkunst und Gedichte der Schluh. He spent his academic career at Leipzig as a lecturer and professor. His writings include Tunesische Marchen und Gedichte (1893), Grammatik des tunesischen Arabisch (1896), Handbuch des schilhischen von Tazerwalt (1899), Marchen der Berbern von Tamazratt in saatuneeien (1900), Maltesische Marchen, Gedichte und Retsel in deutscher Obersetzung (1904), Funf arabische Kriegslieder des beruhmten deutschen Kriegsfreiwilligen, Fritz Klopfer; tunesische Melodien mit arabischem und deutschem Text (1915), and he was joint author of Der arabische Dialekt der Houwara des Wad Sus in Marokko (1894). He died in 1936. FOck, p. 312; KDtLK, 1899,1904,1913-1917; KOrschner,1925-35; NUC, pre-1956; Werist's, 1909-1925

Stummer, Friedrich, born 7 September 1886 at MOnnerstadt, Unterfranken, he received a theological doctorate in 1918 at WOrzburg with a thesis entitled Sumerisch-akkadische Parallelen zum Aufbau alttestamentlicher Psalmen. He was a professor of Semitic languages at various universities from 1918 to 1946, and an honorary member of the Society for Old Testament Study. He died in MOnchen, 12 January 1955. KOrschner,1925-1954; Weristwer, 1950, 1955 Stumpf, Herbert, born 27 February 1930 at Frankfurt am Main, he received a doctorate in 1957 at Frankfurt for Die langfristige Absatzprognose als Problem der Markterkundung in der Automobilindustrie. He was a lawyer at Frankfurt. His writings include Vertrage mit auslandischen Handelsvertretern (1977). Thesis Sturm, Dieter, born 7 November 1939 at Naumburg, Germany, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1970 at Halle with a thesis entitled Die Wirtschaft der arabischen Lander im 10. Jahrhundert nach Muqaddasi, and a Dr.habil. in 1985. He was a lecturer in Islamic studies at his alma mater since 1985. He probably lost his tenure after the re-unification of Germany in 1991. He edited Ibn Haldun und seine Zeit (1983). KOrschner, 19921

Sturmer, Harry see Stuermer, Harry Sturminger, Walter, born 10 January 1899 at Wien, he studied at Wien and Innsbruck and gained a Dr.jur. in 1928. In 1948 he joined the Austrian federal ministry of education. His writings include Bibliographie und Ikonographie der Turkenbelagerungen Wiens 1529 und 1683 (1955), Die Turken vor Wien in Augenzeugenberichten (1968), and he edited Caspar Maurer, Wiennerische Chronica (1973). Note; WhoAustria, 1964, 1967, 1969/70

Stutfield, Hugh Edward Millington, born in 1858, he was educated at Rugby, graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, and was called to the bar in 1884 at Inner Temple. He was a barrister and a travel writer whose writings include EI Maghreb; 1200 miles' ride through Marocco (1886), The bethren of Mount Atlas, being the first part of an African theosophical story (1891), Climbs & exploration in the Canadian Rockies (1903), and Mysticism and Catholicism (1925). He died in 1929. Britlnd (2); Master (1); Who, 1929; Who was who, 4

Styler, William Edward, born in 1907, he was affiliated with the International Federation of Workers' Educational Associations and the Department of Adult Education in the University of Hull. His writings include Workers' education; Sudan (1962), Adult education in India (1966) and A bibliographical guide to adult education in rural areas, 1918-1972 (1973). LC Su, Ruhi, born in 1912 at Van, Turkey, he became isolated from his parents during the turmoil of the first World War and grew up in a poor Adana family. During the French occupation, the family escaped Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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to the Taurus Mountains and the young boy found shelter in an orphanage. He received his early education at boarding schools where he first discovered his musical talents. He trained at the Ankara music teachers' college and the conservatory. He found employ with the national opera company and concurrently made broadcasts of Turkish folk music. Upon the termination of his contract with the opera followed hard years as a casual singer and entertainer at Istanbul. For awhile he lived in Anatolia where he also had a chance to study Turkish folk music at first hand. Throughout the 1970s he was reasonably successful with his own choir, the Dostlar Korosu. His writings include Ezgili yurek; §i'irler, yeztter, komusmeter, 3rd ed. (1985). He died at an Istanbul hospital on 20 September 1985. AnaBrit.; Materialia Turcica 10 (1984), pp. 154-156

Suarez, Diego, born in 1552 at Sorvies, his writings include Historia del maestre ultimo que fue de Montesa y de su hermano don Felipe de Borja, la manera como gobernaron las memerables [ll Playas de Oran y Marzaelquivir, reyno de Tremecen y Tenez en Africa (Madrid, 1889). EncicUni; NUC, pre-1956 Suarez Pinera, Rosario, 20th cent., she received a doctorate in Romance philology, specializing in Moorish literature. In 1992 she was a professor at the Universidad de Oviedo. Arabismo, 1992 Subaev, Niiaz A., fl. 1969, he wrote Temepu» a nepuoo BenuKoi1 Omeuecmeeunoi) aoi1Hbl (1963).

LC

Subhan, Abdus, 1893-1959 see Abdus Subhan, Syed Subhan, Abdus, 1936- see Abdus Subhan Sublet, Jacqueline, born early 20th cent., she was in 1987 affiliated with the C.N.R.S., Paris, her writings include Le voile du nom; essai sur Ie nom propre arabe (1991), and she edited Cahiers d'onomastique arabe (1979). Subrahmanyam, K., born in 1929, he was throughout the 1980s a director at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. His writings include The Asian balance of power in the seventies (1968), and he edited Nuclear proliferation and international security (New Delhi, 1985), and India and the nuclear challenge (New Delhi, 1986). LC Subtelny, Maria Eva, born 5 October 1949 at Toronto, Ont., she graduated from the University of Toronto with the class of 1972 and received a Ph.D. in 1979 at Harvard. In 1984 she was appointed a professor in the Department of Middle East and Islamic Studies at her alma mater, a post which she still held in 2001. She was joint editor of Timurid art and culture; Iran and Central Asia in the fifteenth century (1992). AnEIFr, 1997; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr,1995; Private; Schoeberlein Suceska, Avdo, born 5 May 1927 at Jasenice, Rogatica, Bosnia, he received a doctorate in 1959 with a thesis entitled Ajani - prilog izucevenju lokalne vlasti jugoslovenskih zemalja pod Turcima. He was a sometime professor at Sarajevo. His writings include Ajani; prilog izucevenju lokalne vlasti u neslm zemljama za vrijeme Turaka (1965), and Istorija drzeve i prava naroda SFRJ (1966). JugoslSa, 1970 Suchet, Abbe Jacques, fl. 1843, his writings include Constantine et I'Algerie (Tours, 1839), Lettres edifiantes et curie uses sur I'Algerie (Tours, 1840), and Le missionnaire en Algerie (Tours, 1840). BN Suchodolska, Karolina (Caroline) nee Czaykowskich, born in 1842, she travelled in Turkey, a journey which she desribed in Souvenirs anecdotiques sur la Turquie, 1820-1870, par Wanda (Paris, 1884). NUC, pre-1956; Polski (1)

Suciu, Dumitriu, fl. 1973, his writings include From the union of the Principalities to the creation of greater Romania (Cluj-Napoca, 1993). LC Suciu, Emil, fl. 1974, he wrote Drama iugoslava; culisele unui incendiu tragic (Bucurestl, 1992). della Sudda, Georges, fl. 1857-67, he was a contributor to Gazette medicete d'Orient. His writings include the booklets, Monographie des opiums de I'Empire ottoman envoyes a I'Exposition universelle de Paris, par Fayk Bey (Paris, 1867), and Notice sur les scemmonees de I'Empire ottoman envoyees a I'Exposition universelle de Paris, par Fayk Bey (Paris, 1867). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Sudhoff, Karl Friedrich Jacob, born 26 December 1853 at Frankfurt am Main, he studied medicine at Erlangen and TObingen, and then practised his profession. Concurrently he pursued an interest in history of medicine. In 1904 he was invited to teach history of medicine at the Unlversiat Leipzig and also establish an institute for his subject of specialization. In later years he was showered with academic honours. He died in Salzwedel, in 1938. DcScB; DtBE; DiBilnd (7); KOrschner,1925-1935; Werist's, 1928 Sufayr, Antun see Sfer, Antoun Suffert, Georges, born 14 May 1927 at Paris, he was educated at the Faculte des lettres de Paris and became a journalist. Since 1972 he was the editor and deputy director of Le Point (Paris). He was Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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awarded Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur. His writings include Le Probieme de t'economie trenceise (1953), Les Intellectuels en chaise longue (1974), La Fete au Togo et autres histoires (1979), Quand I'Occident se reveiuer« (1980), Un Royaume pour une tombe (1982), Les Nouveau cow-boys; essai sur t'entiemericentsme primaire (1984), and Le Tocsin (1984). Index biographique fram;ais, 2e ed. (3); Who's who in France, 1975/76-2003/2004

Sugar, Peter Frigges, born 5 January 1919 at Budapest, he received a Ph.D. in 1959 from Princeton for The industrialization of Bosnia-Hercegovina, 1878-1918; in the same year he joined the History Department of the University of Washington, where he taught for over three decades. Although his primary scholarly interest was the history of Eastern Europe, his research and teaching on Ottoman history provided a strong component to Near and Middle Eastern studies. He wrote Southern Europe under the Ottoman rule, 1354-1804 (1977), and he was joint editor of History of Hungary (1990). He died in 1999. Directory of American scholars, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; MESA bulletin 34 (2000), pp. 155-156; WhAm, 1974-1988/89

Sugier, Clemence, fl. 1962, his writings include the booklet, Bijoux tunisiens; formes et symboles (Tunis, 1977). Suhb, Mahmud see Sobh, Muhammad Mahmud Suhm, Peter Frederik, born 18 October 1728 at Kebenhavn, he was a historian and an aristocrat who acquired the personal papers and library of Johann J. Reiske. His writings include Peter Friderich Suhms samelte skrifter (1788-99) in 16 volumes. He died 7 September 1798. Dansk biografisk leksikon (1979-84); DanskBL2

Suhrawardy (Sohraworthy), Sir Abdulla AI-Mamun, born in 1882, he received an M.A. in 1904 from the University of London with a cumulative thesis consisting of four miscellaneous papers. He was joint editor of A grammar of Arabic language, new ed. (Calcutta, 1938). He died in 1935. Jain, pp. 164-165; NUC, pre-1956; Sluglett; Who was who, 3

Suhrawardy, Sir Hassan, born in 1884 at Dacca where he was also educated; he did post-graduate study at Dublin, Edinburgh, and London. He was a university professor and administrator, and a Bengal politician. His writings include Calcutta and its environments (1921), and he was joint author of A grammar of Arabic language intended for students of the universities in India (1938). He died in 1946. Eminent; Who, 1946; Who was who, 4 Suhrawardy, Huseyn (Hussain) Shaheed, born in 1893 at Midnapore, Bengal, he was a graduate of Oxford, and a professor of fine art at Calcutta. He was the last chief minister of Bengal before partition and a sometime prime minister of Pakistan. His writings include Prefaces; lectures on art subjects (1937), and Poems of Lee Hou-chu, rendered into English from the Chinese (1948). He died while convalescing in Beirut in 1963. Ikramullah Suhrawardy wrote Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy; a biography (1991). Jain, pp. 165-166; Obituaries from the Times, 1961, p. 766; Sen; Who was who among English and European authors; Who's who, 1946-1963; Who's who in India, 1938; Who was who, 6

Suhrke-Goldstein, Astri, fl. 1977, she was a sometime member of the staff at the Department of International Service in the American University. She prepared Indochinese refugees (1980) for the use of the Joint Economic Committee of the Congress of the United States, and she was joint author of Escape from violence (1989). LC Suisse, Pierre, fl. 1954. For many years, he was employed by the Moroccan Direction de l'Agriculture et des Forets as popularizer of agriculture. His writings, published partly under the pseudonym Piersuis, include Les Feux du douar; roman (Casablanca, 1937), Etude sur les communeutes rurales en Beni-Ahsen (Rabat, 1942), and L'reil de Mahmoud; roman (Casablanca, 1947). BN; LC; Note about the author

Sukhareva, (Fil'roza) Nina Maksimilianovna, born 22 December 1920 in Russia, she graduated in 1942 from the Institute of History, Moscow State University and received her first degree in 1945 at Moscow with a thesis entitled X03f1UCmeeHafi >KU3Hb iuexcsoeo oOMeHa ceepeeuocKoMy MpaHe. Since 1951 she was a lecturer. Her writings include Oceo6oouewuecfl cmpaHbl A3UU U AeppUKU nocne emopoa uupoeoi: eouHbl, 1945-1965 (1967), MpaHcKoe cpeoHeeeKoebe (1981), and Kynbmypa cpeoueeexoeoeo MpaHa (1985). Miliband 2 Sukhareva, Ol'ga Aleksandrovna, born 10 February 1903 at Samarkand, she was an ethnographer and historian affiliated with the Oriental Faculty in the Central Asian State University since 1926. Her writings include PyKoeoocmeo on» u3Yl/eHUFI maO>KUKCKOao fl3blKa (1929), nownoe; necmosuuee cenenun AUKblpaH (1955), K ucmopuu eopoooe 5yxapcKoao xencmee (1958), McnaM e Y36eKucmaHe (1960), 5yxapa XIX. neueno XX e. (1966), and ncmopu« cpeoneesuemckceo «ocmtou» (1982). UzbekSE

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Sukhochev, Aleksei Sergeevich, born 22 March 1928 in Kursk Oblast, he graduated in 1957 from the Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1962 with a thesis entitled Mecmo meo-tecmee Hesup« AXMaaa a ucmopuu numepamypbl ypay. He gained his doctorate in 1974 at the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science with a thesis entiled Cmenoenenue pouene ne fl3blKe ypay. His writings include ,lJ)I(OW Manuxa6a au, AMUp XaM3a llluneepu, AXMaa HaaUM KacMu (1973), MaXayM MaxUyaaUH (1989), he was joint author of flumepamypa ypoy (1967), and he edited np06neMbl uHauC1cKOaO pOMaHa (1974). Miliband; Miliband2 ; aSK Sulaimon (Suleimanov), Hamid (Khamid) Suleimanovich, born 5 May 1910 at Tashkent, he received a doctorate in 1961 at Tashkent with a thesis entitled Tescmonoeuuecxoe uccneooeenue nupuxu Anuwepa Haaou. He was successively affiliated with the Uzbek Academy of Science from 1956 to his death on 8 June 1979 as a research fellow at the Institue of Language and Literature, and a director of the Institute of Manuscripts. He edited MUHuamlOpbl K 5a5yp-HaMe (1969-73), 506upHoMa oecunepu (1978), as well as works of Ali Shir Nava'i, Amir Khusrau Dihlavi, and Hamd Allah Mustawfi Qazvini. Miliband2 ; UzbekSE

Sulakadze, Ineza Grigor'evna, born 14 February 1942 at Tiflis, she graduated from the Oriental Faculty in Tiflis State University and received her first degree in 1975 at Tiflis with a thesis entitled fleKcuKa,lJaKuKu. Miliband2 Suleiman, Michael Wadie, born 26 February 1934 at Tiberias, Palestine, he was a graduate of Bradley University and received a Ph.D. in 1965 from the University of Wisconsin with a thesis entitled Political parties in Lebanon. In 1966 he was appointed a professor at the Department of Political Science in Kansas States University, Manhattan, where he was in 1996 a University Distinguished Professor. He was a member of numerous learned societies and served on the editorial board of five journals. His writings include Political parties in Lebanon (1967), American images of Middle East peoples (1977), he edited U.S. policy on Palestine; from Wilson to Clinton (1995), and Arabs in America; building a new future (1999). AmM&WS, 1978 S; ConAu 21-24, new rev. 9, 42; NatFacDr, 1995; Private; Selim; WhoArab, 19811999/2000; WhoMW, 1984/85 WrDr, 1876/8-1990/92

Suleiman, M. Yasir I. H., 20th cent., he receivd degrees from the universities of Jordan, St. Andrews and Durham, as well as a diploma in teaching foreign languages to adults. He specialized in Arabic linguistics, teaching of Arabic as a foreign language, and modern Arabic (Levantine) literature. He served as a professor successively at St. Andrews and Edinburgh. His writings include The Arabic grammatical tradition; a study of tetlt (1999), and he edited Arabic grammar and linguistics (1999). DrBSMES, 1993; LC; Note

Suleimanov, Khamid Suleimanovich, 1910-1979 see Sulaimon, Hamid Suleimanovich Suleimanova, Fazila Kamilovna, born 20 October 1921 at Margelan, Uzbekistan, she graduated in 1941 from Tashkent State Pedagogical Institute, and received her first degree in 1962. Miliband2 Suleimanova, 1I0ia Atadzhanovna, born 29 September 1931 at Bukhara, she graduated in 1953 from the Tajik State University, Dushanbe, where she also received her first degree in 1969 with a thesis entitled )/(U3HbU meopuecmeo CaC1epu I1CepapaHaU, a work which was published in 1973. She became affiliated with the Academy of Science of the Tajik Soviet Republic. Miliband2 Suliteanu, Ghizela, born ca. 1930, she wrote Muzica dansurilor populare din Muscel-Arge§ (Bucuresti, 1976), Psihologia folclorului muzical (Bucuresti, 1980), and Die Totenklage in Rumenien (1988). aSK Sulkowski, J6zef, born in 1771, he studied Turkish, Hebrew and Arabic and became an officer in Napoleon's army. His writings include Szczeg61y historyczne, tyczece si~ polsko-rosyjskiej na Litwie 1792 r. (1923). His "Pieces historique autographes" is included in Hortensius St.-Albin, Memoires historiques, politiques et militaires sur les revolutions de Pologne (1832). He died in 1798 and became the subject of a tragedy by Stefan leromski entitled Sulkowski (1910), and of a historical novel by Marian Brandys entitled Oficer najwi~kszych nadziei (1964). BN; Dziekan; NEP Sullivan, Antony Thrall, born 7 November 1938, he received a Ph.D. in 1976 from the University of Michigan with a thesis entitled Thomas-Robert Bugeaud, France and Algeria, 1804-1849; politics power and the good society, a work which was published in 1983. Since 1980 he was director of the Near East Support Service, Ann Arbor, Mich. His writings include Palestinian universities under occupation (1988). MESA Roster of members, 1990; Selim3 ; WhoMW, 1980/81, 1986/87, 1988/89 Sullivan, Earl L., born 11 August 1942 at Anaconda, Mont., he was a graduate of Seattle University and gained a Ph.D. in 1970 at Claremont Graduate School. He was for many years a professor of political science in Cairo. His writings include Women in Egyptian public life (1986), he was joint author of Women and work in the Arab world (1981), he edited The impact of development assistance on Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Egypt (1984), and he was joint editor of The contemporary study of the Arab world (1991).

ConAu 124;

MESA Roster of members, 1990

Sullivan, Michael B., born in 1938, he was a graduate of Fordham College and became affiliated with Barron's magazine from 1964 to 1965. In the following two years he lived in Cairo as a free-lance writer. Since 1975 he was with Business international as an editorial director for the Middle East. His writings include Egypt; business gateway to the Middle East? (1976). ConAu 77-80; Note Sullivan, Robert R., born 20th cent., he taught from the 1970s to the mid-1990s at the Department of Government, John Jay College, C.U.N.Y. His writings include Political hermeneutics; the early thinking of Hans-Georg Gadamer (1989). NatFacDr, 1995; Note Sullivan, William Healy, born 12 October 1922 at Cranston, R.I., he was educated at Brown University and Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Medford, Mass. He entered the foreign service in 1947. His writings include Mission to Iran (1981), and Obbligato, 1939-1979; notes on a foreign service career (1984). ConAu 133; IntWW, 1974/75-1990/91; Master (3); MidE, 1982/83; Shavit; WhoAm, 1976/77, 1978/79; WhoGov, 1972/73-1977/78; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77, 1978/79

Sultan, Garip, born 20 September 1923 in Bashkortostan, he was educated at Bashkir Pedagocical Inistitue, Ufa, and is said to have obtained a doctorate at MOnchen. He was for some time affiliated with Radio Free Europe. Schoeberlein Sultan, Hamid, born 15 November 1912, he studied law at Cairo and received a doctorate in 1938 with a thesis entitled L'evotution du concept de la neutrellie. He was a professor of international public law at Cairo University and joint author of Egypt and the United Nations; report of a study group set up by the Egytian Society of International Law (1957), and Golfo di Akaba (Roma, 1968). Note; Unesco; WhoArab, 1967/68

Sultan, Naema, born early 20th cent., she was a senior lecturer in economics at St. Joseph's College, Karachi. Note Sultanov, Abdurakhman Fasliakhovich, born in 1904 in Russia, he graduated in 1930 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1953 for Kpecmsenceut: eonpoc 8 C08peMeHHoM Eaunme. He wrote nOnO>KeHUe eeunemcxoeo «pecmenncmee nepeo seuensnot: pecjJopMoiJ 1952 a. (1958), and he was joint editor of Apa6cKuiJ C60pHUK (1959). Miliband; Miliband 2 Sultanov, Mokhirkhudzha Sultanovich, fl. 1954, he was joint translator of Akhlagi Nasiri, an Azeri translation from the Persian of NasTr al-DTn TusT (1980), and he was joint editor of TOp>KeCm80 pa3yMa; Mamepuanbl Me>KoyHapooHoiJ ceccuu nOC8f1UJ,eHHoiJ tooo-nemu«: co OHfI pO>KOeHUFI A6yanu U6H CUHO (1988). LC Sultanov, Ragim Sultan Mamed ogly, born 20 June 1912 in Azerbaijan, he received his first degree in 1949 at Baku with a thesis entitled Ococeunocmu fl3blKa ceeau no eeo «t'onecmeny». His writings include an Azeri translation, Gabusnama (Baku, 1963), as well as translations into Russian from Sa'di and Kalilah wa Dimnah. AzarbSE; Miliband; Miliband 2 Sultanov, Tursun Ikramovich, born 7 May 1940 in Alma-Ata Oblast, he graduated in 1967 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and received his first degree in 1971 with a thesis entitled OCH08Hble eonpocu ucmopuu «esexcsoeo Hapooa 8 XV-XVII 88. no nepcuOCKO-maO>KUKCKUM u mlOpKCKUM ucmounuxet«. His writings include KOlle8ble nneuene npuapanbfl 8 XVXVII 88. (1982). Miliband 2 ; Schoeberlein

Sultanzade, Avetis Sultanovich, born Avetis Mikailian in 1889 at Maraghah, Azerbaijan, he was educated at his home town and later at an Armenian college near Erevan, although his father had converted to Islam and taken the name of Husayn Sultan. He early in life came under the influence of Armenian social democrats. About 1912 he joined the Russian Social Democrat Workers' Party, probably in St. Petersburg, where he evidently completed his higher education in economics. He was an active participant in the Russian revolution. In 1919 the Comintern sent him to Tashkent, from where he began to organize Persian fellow travellers in the fight against the British forces and their allies. He was one of the principle organizers of a congress of Persian communists at Anzali in 1920 and subsequently fought in the Gilan rebellion of 1920-21. He later fell out with the Comintern and is believed to have become a victim of Stalin's purges in the 1930s. His writings include KpU3UC uupoeoeo xosniictne« U noeen eoenne» epose (1921), and 3KoHoMuliecKoe peseumue nepcuiJ u euenuacsut: uvtieouenusn (1930). His Ecrits economiques as well as his Collective works and Politische Schriften were published between 1975 and 1980 in Firenze. Note Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo, born 27 October 1912 at N.Y.C., he was a journalist with the New York Times from 1954 to 1978, and a writer whose writings include The Test; de Gaule and Algeria (1962). He Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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died in 1993.

BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; CnDiAmJBi; ConAu 53-56, 142, new rev. 7, 23; IntWW, 1974-1992/93; Master (2); WhoAm, 1974-1988/89; WhoWor, 1974-1989/90; WrDr, 1980/82-1992/94

Sumbatzade, Ali Sumbatovich (Alisoibet Sumbat oglu), born in 1907, he was a Soviet historian of nineteenth century Azerbaijan. His writings include Ky6uHcKoe eoccmenue 1837 a. (Baku, 1961), tlpouuuinennocm» A3ep6aiJo>KaHa B XIX B. (Baku, 1964), Couuensno-exonouuueceue npeonocunxu n06eobl Coeemcxoti Bnacmu B A3ep6aiJo>KaHe (Moscow, 1972), and A3ep6aiJo>KaHCKafi ucmopuoapac/JUfI XIX-XX BeKOB (1987). AzarbSE, vol. 9, p. 75; GSE, vol. 25, p. 230 Sumberg, Lewis Arthur Matthews, born 29 January 1924 at Schenectady, N.Y., he graduated from S.U.N.Y., Albany, and received a doctorate in 1954 at Paris. Since 1972 he was a professor of humanities in the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. His writings include La chanson d'Antioche; etude historique et Iitteraire (1968). DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 F Sumner, Benedict Humphrey, born in 1893, he was a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, from 1919 to 1925 and fellow and tutor in modern history at Balliol College from 1925 to 1944. From 1945 to his death on 25 April 1951 he was warden of All Souls. He attended the Versailles Peace Conference as a member of the British delegation and from 1920 to 1922 served on the staff of the International Labour Office, Geneve. He was an historian noted for his writings on Russia. These include Russia and the Balkans, 1870-1880 (1937), and A short history of Russia (1943). DNB; Master (2); NYT 3 May 1951, p. 29, col. 4; Who was who, 5

Sumner, Graham Vincent, born 28 September 1924 at Manchester, he was a graduate of Oxford and since 1966 a professor of classics and ancient history in the University of Toronto. DrAS, 1982F Sunar, ilkay, fl. 1980, he was a sometime staff member of BogaziKypcKux fl3blKax. In 1962 he received a doctorate. A lecturer since 1951, he was appointed a professor in 1973. His writings include OlfepKu no cuumeecucy myHayco-MaHblf>KypcKux fl3blKOB (1947), KypypMUiJCKUX ouenesm (1958), and he edited np06neMa 06~Hocmu enmetlcsux fl3blKOB (1971), and OlfepKu cpeenumensnoc Mopc/Jonoauu enmsiicxux fl3blKOB (1978). He died in 1988. Miliband; Miliband2 Suny, Ronald Grigor, born 25 September 1940 at Philadelphia, Pa., he graduated in 1962 from Swarthmore College and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Columbia University for The Baku Commune, 1917-1918. Since 1981 he was a professor of Armenian history in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include The making of the Georgian nation (1988), and he was joint editor of Party, state, and society in the Russian civil war (1989). ConAu 111, new rev., 29, 55; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995

Supka, Gezam born 8 April 1883 at Budapest, he studied at Budapest, Koloszvar and Paris and gained a doctorate. His writings include Lehel kurtje (1910), A nagy drama (1924), and the translation, La sfinge; eroi e martiri dell'Africa (1936). He died in Budapest on 25 May 1956. Ki-kocsoda,1937: MEL, 1967-69

Suranyi-Unger, Tivadar (Theo), born in 1898 at Budapest, he received a Dr.phil. in 1957 from the Universltat Wien with a thesis entitled Die Entwicklung der Theorien des bescnrenkien Wettbewerbs. He was successively a professor of economics in Hungary and Austria before he went in 1946 to the United States to teach the same subject. His writings include Geschichte der Wirtschaftsphilosophie

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473 (1931), Magyar nemzetgazdasag es penzOgy (1936), Weltwirtschaft und Wehrwirtschaft (1942), and Comparative economic systems (1952). AmM&W5, 19735,19785

Suratgar, Lutf 'Ali, born 24 June 1900 at Shiraz, Persia, he was educated at Shiraz and graduated in 1920 from St. Xavier's College, Bombay. A government grant enabled him to study from 1927 to 1933 at London where he gained an M.A. He was married to the British journalist Olive Hepburn and they returned to Iran. In 1936 he was appointed to a lectureship in Persian and English language and literature. In the mid-1950s he became a dean at Pahlavi University, Shiraz. He was also a recognized poet and novelist. He died in October 1969. Indo-Iranica, 22 iii-iv (1969), p. 63; Iranistische Mitteilungen, 4 (1970), pp. 48-59

Suratgar, Olive nee Hepburn, born in 1906, she was a British journalist who was married to Lutf 'Ali Suratgar with whom she settled in Tehran. Unable to adapt to her chosen country, they separated and she returned to the UK. Although they did not get a divorce, they afterwards saw each other only once or twice when he visited Britain. Her experiences in Iran are embodied in I sing in the wilderness; an intimate account of Persia and the Persians (London, 1951). Surdon, Georges, he was a sometime president de chambre in the Cour d'Appel d'Alger as well as a lecturer at the Institut d'etudes superieures islamiques in the Universite d'Alger. His writings include Esquisses de droit coutumier beroere marocain (Rabat, 1928), La justice civile indigene et Ie regime de la propriete tmmoblltere au Maroc (Rabat, 1931), Precis elementslres de droit musulman de t'ecote malekite d'Occident (Tanger, 1935), Institutions et coutumes des Berberes du Maghreb (1938), La France en Afrique du nord (Alger, 1946), and translations from Ibn Khaldun in 1951. LC; NUC, pre-1956 Sureau, Victor, fl. 1895, his writings include Le notariat en Tunisie (Alger, 1908).

BN

Suret-Canale, Jean, born 27 April 1921 at Paris, he was a historian, geographer and sociologist who lived and worked in Francophone Africa for many years, playing an active role in African political and trade union movements. Almost immediately after Guinean independence in 1958 he was appointed a director of the Institut national de recherches et de documentation in Conakry, a post which he held until 1961. From 1963 to 1979 he was deputy director of the Centre d'etudes et de recherches Marxistes at the Institut Maurice Thorez, Paris. He is best known for his three-volume L'Afrique noire occidentale et centrale (1958-1972), and its partial translation, French colonialism in Tropical Africa, 1900-1945 (1971). His other writings include Essais d'histoire africaine (1980), its translation, Essays on African history (1988), and he was joint author of La faim du monde (1984). ConAu, 49-52, new rev., 1; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; Note; Unesco

Sureyya, $evket, he was in 1936 a director of a commercial school in Ankara. His writings include Cikan iktisadiatlnda TOrkiye (Ankara, Milli iktisadTve Tasarruf Cemiyeti, 1931). ZKO Susani, Luigi, fl. 1941-1954, his writings include Pagine e parole di guerra del re soldato, 1915-1918 (Roma, 1935), Giuseppe Garibaldi (Milano, 1938), L'opera scientifica di Vittorio Emanuele III; illtCorpus nummerum lteltcorum" a cura del Comitato Romano dell'Unione Monarchica Italiana (Roma, 1954), and he was joint author of Guida bibliografica di cultura militare (Roma, 1942). Firenze; NUC, pre-1956 Susini, H., he was in 1952 a director of the Ecole professionalle musulmane "Camille Mathieu" at Casablanca. Note Sussheim, Karl, born 21 January 1878 at NOrnberg, he received a Dr.phil. in 1902 with a thesis entitled Preul3ische Annexionsbestrebungen in Franken, 1791-1797. He spent the followinq four years in Constantinople and completed his formal study in 1911 with a Dr.habil. from the Universitat MOnchen with a thesis entitled Prolegomena zu einer Ausgabe der im Britischen Museum zu London verwahrten "Chronik des Seldschuqischen Reiches." From 1911 to his emigration to Turkey, he taught at MOnchen, at first Islamic history and Turkology, but since 1915 also Persian and Arabic. He remained in Germany until 1941 when he obtained a two-year contract at Ystanbul Oniversitesi. His writings include Eski Viyana tlb talimi ve onun Adli Sultan Mahmud zemerunae Istanbula yayllmasl (istanbul, 1937), and he edited Das Geschenk aus der Saldschukengeschichte (1909). His collection of Turkish manuscripts as well as his diary, from his first journey to the Ottoman Empire in 1902 to his emigration - written in Ottoman Turkish and Arabic - is located at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. He died in Istanbul on 13 January 1947. BioHbDtE; DtBE; derls/am, 56 (1979), pp. 1-8; KOrschner, 1925-1935; 5ezgin;

Widmann, p. 291

Freiherr von SuBkind-Schwendi, Alexander, born 24 September 1903 at Berlin, he studied law at TObingen, LSE, and MOnchen. From 1951 to 1956 he was German representative at the European Economic Council, Paris. Thereafter he was a government official at Bonn. Werist wer, 1955-1970; Who's who in Europe, 1964

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474 Sussman, Zvi, born in 1930, he was a writer on labour conditions in Israel. His writings include Pe'er ve-shivyon ba-Histadrut (1974), and the booklet, Israel's economy (1986). LC SuBnitzki, Alphons J., born 19th cent., his writings include Das jadische Problem in Palastina (Berlin, 1921). NUC, pre-1956 Sutcliffe, Claud R., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled Change in the Jordan Valley; the impact and implications of the East Ghor Canal project. He was in 1973 a professor at the Department of Political Science in Williams College. Note; Selim Sutcliffe, Edmund Felix, born in 1886 at Stowmarket and educated at Oxford and Roma, he became a Jesuit and a professor of Old Testament exegesis and Hebrew. His writings include A Grammar of the Maltese language (1936), The Old Testament and the future life (1946), and Providence and suffering in the Old and New Testaments (1953). He died in 1963. Master (1); WhE&EA Suter, Heinrich, born 4 January 1848 at Hedingen, Switzerland, he studied mathematics at ZOrich and Berlin, and received a doctorate in 1871 at ZOrich with a thesis entitled Geschichte der mathematischen Wissenschaften von den eltesten Zeiten bis Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts. Circumstances turned him into a lifelong high school mathematics teacher, a post which allowed for only minimal time for academic research, a goal which he had envisaged as an enthusiastic young man. His writings include Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber und ihre Werke (1900). He died in Dornach, 17 March 1922. DcScB; DtBE; DtBilnd (7); FOck,p. 289; Index Islamicus (2); Islam 13 (1923), pp. 102-103 Suter, Karl, born 2 August 1900 at Langnau am Albis, Switzerland, he graduated in agronomy from the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ZOrich and subsequently spent seven years in France. Since 1930 he was managing director of the fruit and viticulture cooperative of ZOrichsee at Wadenswil. In 1951 he did field-work in the Algerian Sahara. SchwBiAr 3 (1953), p. 120 Sutherland, Dame Lucy Stuart, born in 1903 at Geelong, Victoria, Australia, she was educated at Johannesburg and Oxford, where she spent most of her academic career as a historian of seventeenth and eighteenth century Britain. Her writings include A London merchant, 1695-1774 (1933), and The East India Company in eighteenth-century politics (1952). She died in 1980. ConAu 13-14, 105; DNB; GrBr; IntWW,1974-1980; Master (1); WhE&EA; Who, 1968-1980; WrDr, 1976/78-1980/82

Suthers, Albert Edward, fl. 1931-1935, he was affiliated with Ohio Wesleyan University. His writings include East and West; a study in irenics (1930). LC; Note Sutton, Denys (Miller), born in 1917 at London, he was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, and became an art critic, and from 1962 to 1987 also an editor of Apollo. He died in 1991. Apollo, n.s. 125 (March 1987), pp. 157-58; ConAu 53-56, 133, new rev. 5, 20; IntAu&Wr, 1977, 1982, 1986, 1989; Master (1); Who, 19741991; WhoArt, 1980, 1982, 1984 WrDr, 1976/78-1990/92

Sutton, Harry Eldon, born 5 March 1927 at Cameron, Tex., he was a graduate of the University of Texas where he also received a Ph.D. in 1953 with a thesis entitled The effects of stress on metabolic patterns of rats. He was for many years a geneticist in various capacities at his alma mater. Master (2); WhoAm, 1980-1988/89 & 2001

Sutton, Keith, born 20th cent., he was a senior lecturer in economic development at the Department of Geography in the University of Manchester. DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES, 1993 Suwayf Soueif), Mustafa Ibrahim, born in 1924, his writings include Drug dependence, problems of behavioural research (Cairo, 1980). LC Suyyagh, Fayiz, born in 1941 in Jordan where he also went to school. He was later educated at AUB where he received his B.A. in social sciences. He began to write poetry and spent some time with the editorial staff of the Amman literary periodical Afkar. After 1967 he worked in Arabia, and in 1994 he was working on a doctoral dissertation at the University of Toronto. His writings include Images du Qatar (Doha, 1985), and he was the editor and translator of Routes of guidance; a pearl diver's guide to the oyster-beds of the Gulf (Doha, Arab Gulf States Folklore Centre, 1988). I. J. Boullata Comte de Suzannet, fl. 1848, his writings include Souvenirs de voyages; les provinces du Cawcase, I'empire au Bresil (Paris, 1846). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Svanidze, Ivan Aleksandrovich, born 15 October 1927 at Berlin, he graduated in 1958 from the Moscow Faculty of History and received his first degree in 1962 for Censcxoe X03lJUCmBO u eepepnut) omnoiuenust B Ceeepnoo Pooesuu. He received his doctorate in 1976 for cenucxoe 303f1UCmBO TponulJecKou Acj:JpUKU. His writings include np06neMbl peseumust censcsoeo X03f1UCmBa Acj:JpUKU (1969), and he was joint author of JO>KHafi Pooesu« (1977). He died 3 August 1987. Miliband; Miliband2

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Svanidze (Svani~e), Mikhail (Mixeil) Kharitonovich, born 25 February 1927, he graduated in 1950 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis, and received his first degree in 1954 with a thesis entited 03 ucmopuu ceeyxo Caama6aao a nepeoil uemeepmu XVII a. He obtained a doctorate in 1969 for 03 ucmopuu epysuno-mypeukux eseuuoomnoiuenuti a XVI-XVII se, and Sak'art'velo-Osmalet'is istoriis narkvevebi, XVI-XVIII ss. (Tiflis, 1990). Since 1960 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Georgian Academy of Science. LC; Miliband; Miliband2 Svec, Marie Melvina, born 15 September 1901 at Cedar Rapids, la., she graduated in 1924 from the University of Wisconsin and did post-graduate work at Chicago, Syracuse and LSE. Since 1947 she was a professor at SUNY, College at Oswego. She received the Distinguished Service Award of the National Council of Geographic Education for the year 1962. Her writings include The family history of Frank Svec and Rose Kvitensky, 1865-1984 (1984). Journal of geography 61 (1962), pp. 418-419; WhoAmW, 1961-1964/65

Sventitskii, Andrei Sergeevich, fl. 1927, he was joint author of CpeoHeiJ Bocmo« (Moscow, 1925). aSK Sverchevskaia, Antonina Karlovna, born 20 March 1921 at Moscow, she was a graduate of the Moscow Oriental Institute. From 1951 to 1984 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include 5u6nuoapacjJufl 0paHa (1967), Coeemcxo-mypeusue KynbmypHble cessu, 1925-1981 (1983), she was joint author of 5u6nuoapacjJufl Typu,uu (1959-1961), and she edited Ha3uMXUKMem; 6u06u6nuoapacjJULJeCKuiJ vkesemen» (1962). Miliband2

Svetozarov, Vladimir B., fl. 1972, he was joint compiler of The truth about Afghanistan (Moscow, 1986). LC

Swadesh, Morris, born in 1909 at Holyoke, Mass, he received a Ph.D. in 1933 from Yale University with a thesis entitled The internal economy of the Nootka word. He was an anthropological linguist who taught at various American universities. His writings include Talking Russian before you know it (1945). He died in 1967. CnDiAmJBi; EncJud

Swain, James Edgar, born 20 August 1897 at Judson, Ind., he received a Ph.D. in 1926 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled The struggle for the control of the Mediterranean prior to 1848; a study in Anglo-French relations in regard to Algiers, from 1830 to 1848. He was a professor of history at Muhlenberg College until his retirement in 1967. His writings include A history of world civilization (1938). He died in 1975. ConAu 25-28; DrAS, 1969 H; IndAu; Selim Swan, George, born 19th cent., he went in October 1898 to Alexandria as a member of the Egypt Mission Band. In 1938 he was a missionary of the Egypt General Mission. His writings include An outline for the study of dervishism (Cairo, 1925). LC; Note; NUC, pre-1956 Swanson, Glen W., born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Indiana University for Mahmud §evket Pese and the defense of the Ottoman Empire; a study of war and revolution during the Young Turk period. His writings include Oil and water; a look at the Middle East (1981). LC Swanson, John Theodore, born 29 October 1950, he received a Ph.D. in 1978 from Indiana University with a thesis entitled The not-yet-golden trade; contact and commerce between North Africa and the Sudan, to the eleventh century A.D. LC; Selim3 Swanson, Jon C., born early 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1978 from Wayne State University, Detroit, with a thesis entitled The consequences of emigration for economic development in the Yemen Arab Republic. In 1979 he was a professor of anthropology at the University of Michigan, Flint, and in 1981 he was affiliated with the Yemen Research Program at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. His writings include Emigration and economic development; the case of the Yemen Arab Republic (1979), and he was joint author of Rural society and participatory development; case studies of two villages in the Yemen Arab Republic (1981). LC; Note; Selim3

Swantz, Marja Liisa, born 22 February 1926 at Kuopio, Finland, she studied theology and philosophy in Finland and Sweden, obtaining a doctorate in divinity in 1970. She was a professor of ethnology at the universities of Uppsala and Helsinki, and afterwards became the Finnish director of a research project on development and culture sponsored by the Academy of Finland and the Ministry of National Culture and Youth, Tanzania. She was also affiliated with UN organizations. WhoWor, 1982-1989/90

Swartz, Merlin Leroy, born 31 July 1933 at Au Gres, Mich., he graduated from Eastern Mennonite College in 1955 and received a Ph.D. in 1967 from Harvard University with a thesis entitled Ibn alJawzi; a study of his life and work as a preacher. He taught at AUB before he was appointed in 1972 a professor of Islamic studies and Arabic at Boston University, a post which he still held in 2001. DrAS, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2001; Selim

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Swayne, Harald George Carlos, born in 1860. After passing through the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, he joined the Royal Engineers in 1880. He served in 1883 in India, and from 1884 to 1887 carried out first explorations of British Somaliland. From 1891 to 1893 he was in charge of British Somaliland Surveys. In 1904 he served in Aden. He retired with the rank of colonel. His writings include Seventeen trips through Somali/and; a record of exploration and big game shooting, 1885 to 1893 (1895). He died in 1940. Who, 1921-1939; Who was who, 3 Sweeney, Zachary Taylor, born 10 February 1849 at Liberty, Ky., he was educated in Illinois, intending to enter law, but decided on his father's profession subsequently and began preaching in Paris, Illinois. During 1889-1893 he was U.S. consul-general to Turkey and while in Constantinople presided over the U.S. court. Sultan Abdulrnacid II conferred upon him the Order of the Osmanieh and named him commissioner at the World's Fair in Chicago in 1893. His writings include a record of his travels in Palestine and other parts of the East entitled Under ten flags; an historical pilgrimage (1888), and Pulpit diagrams (1897). He died 4 February 1926. Lester G. McAllister wrote Z. T. Sweeney, preacher and peacemaker (1968). DcNAA; IndAu; Master (1); NatCAB, vol. 20, p. 279; Shavit; WhAm, 1 Sweet, Louise Elizabeth, born 1 October 1916 at Ypsilanti, Mich., she graduated in 1937 from Eastern Michigan University and received a Ph.D. in 1957 from the University of Michigan with a thesis entitled Tell Toqaan, a Syrian village. After teaching posts at American universities, she was since 1970 a professor of anthropology, and head of department, in the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. She made several study travels in the Gulf and Lebanon. Her writings include Peoples and cultures in the Middle East; an anthropological reader (1970), and she edited The Central Middle East; a handbook of anthropology (1971). AmM&WS, 1973 S; MESA Roster of members, 1990; Note; Selim; Shavit Sweet-Escott, Bickham Aldred Cowan, fl. 1956, he was a broadcaster and traveller. His writings include Greece; a political and economic survey, 1939-1953 (1954), The Bloodless revolution (1957), and Baker Street irregular (1965). BLC; NUC, pre-1956 Sweetman, Jack, born 5 January 1940 at Orlando, Fla., he graduated in 1961 from Stetson University. After a brief teaching spell at Indiana University, he was appointed in 1973 a professor of history at the U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include The landing at Veracruz, 1914 (1968), The U.S. Naval Academy, an illustrated history (1971), and American naval history (1984). ConAu 25-28, new rev., 10,26; DrAS, 1974-1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995; WhoE,1983-1991/92;

WhoEmL, 1987

Sweetman, James Windrow, born in 1891 at Liverpool, he was educated at Manchester and entered the Methodist ministry in 1915. From 1919 to 1946 he served in India under the Methodist Missionary Society of London and was a sometime member of Henry Martyn School. Since 1947 he taught Islamic studies at Selly Oak Colleges, Birmingham. He made a consultation visit to Pakistan in 1954. His writings include The Bible in Islam (1953), and Islam and Christian theology (1954). Britlnd (2) Swenson, Victor Reuben, born 27 January 1936 at East Chicago, Illinois, he graduated in 1958 from Oberlin Collge and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Johns Hopkins University for The Young Turk revolution. Since 1976 he was a professor at the Department of History in Johnson State College, Vt. DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 H

Swieceny, Friedrich, fl. 1871, his writings include Das Heimatrecht in den k.u.k. osterreichischen Krontenaern mit constituirten Ortsgemeinden (Wien, 1855). NUC, pre-1956 SWiQcicki, Julian Adolf, born in 1848 or 1850, he studied at Warszawa and became a poet, translator and critic. His writings include Historiya literatury arabskiej (1901), and Historiya literatury perskiej (1907). He died in 1932. Dziekan; NYPL, Slavic Collection catalog SWiQtochowski, Marie Lukens, born early 20th cent., she was affiliated with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. She was joint author of the exhibition catalogues, A king's book of kings; the Houghton Shahnameh (1972), and Persian drawings in the Metropolitcan Museum of Art (1989). LC SWiQtochowski, Tadeusz Antoni, born 28 April 1934 at La Madeleine, France, he was educated at Warszawa, AUB, and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from New York University with a thesis entitled Modernization trends and the growth of national awareness in 19th century Russian Azerbaijan. Since 1971 he was a professor of history at Monmouth College, West Long Branch, N.J., a post which he still held in 2001. His writings include Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920. DrAS, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2001; Schoeberlein

Swiezawski, Stefan, born 10 February 1907 at Holubie, he received doctorates in 1932 and 1946 and was a professor of history and philosophy at Uniwersytet Lwowski from 1946 to 1976. His writings include Zagadnienie historii filozofii (1966), Histoire de la philosophie europenne au XVe siecte (1990), Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

477 and he was joint author of Byt; zagadnienia metafizyki tomistycznej (1961).

KtoPolsce,1993; WhoSocC,

1978

Swift, Jeremy, born early 20th cent., he was in 1979 affiliated with the Institute for Development Studies in the University of Sussex. His writings include The other Eden (1974), The Sahara (1975), its translation, Die Sahara (1975), Desertification and man in the Sahel (1976), and he was joint author of Pastoral atlas of central Niger (1984). LC

Swift, Lloyd Balderston, born 27 September 1921, he was a 1943 graduate of Oberlin College and received an M.A. in 1947 from the University of Michigan. He was a language teacher in China, Turkey, and Lebanon. His writings include Bethesda Friends meeting; the first 25 years (1988), and he was a joint author of the U.S. Foreign Service Institute's publication, Turkish basic course (1966-70). WhoGov, 1972/73-1977/78

Swinnerton, A. R., O.B.E., he was in 1953 a United Kingdom representative on the Colombo Plan in Pakistan. Note

Swoboda, Karl Maria, born 28 January 1889 at Prag (Praha), he was since 1934 a professor of fine art at Karls Universitat, Prag, and from 1946 to his retirement at the Universitat Wien. His writings include Romisctie und romanische Palaste (1919). He died in Wien, 11 July 1977. KOrschner,1926-1976; Teichl; WhoAustria, 1954-1964

Swynnerton, Charles, Rev., fl. 1891, his writings include The Afghan war (1880), Indian night's entertainment; or, Folktales from the Upper Indus (1892), and Romantic tales from the Panjab (1903). NUC, pre-1956

Syamala Dasa, Kaviraj, fl. 1887, his writings include the booklet, First instructor in Hindi and English (Benares, 1888).

Sycheva, Viktoriia Aleksandrevna, born early 20th cent., she received her first degree in 1974 with a

thesis entitled Apa6cKue u nepcuocsue nescu-eosue 3aUMcmBOBaHUR B aaaay3cKoM R3b1Ke. Her writings include Tpy)f(eHuKu »emupex "ManeHbKux opexonoe" (1991), and MyOpblU BO)f(Ob-Cllacmbe nepoo« (1995). aSK

Sydenham of Combe, George Sydenham Clarke, 1848-1933 see Clarke, George Sydenham Baron von Sydow, Emil, born 15 July 1812 at Freiberg, he entered the Prussian army and became an officer at the age of eighteen. He later taught military geography at the military college, Erfurt. From 1855 to 1860 he was on leave to collaborate with Justus Perthes Geographische Anstalt, Gotha. In 1870 he retired with the rank of colonel. He died in Berlin, 13 October 1873. DtBE

Sydykov, Zhenishbek Kadyralievich, born early 20th cent., his writings include 5e3yoapHbiu BOKanU3M B Kupau3cKoM R3blKe (Frunze, 1978), and Kblpabl3 )f(aHa enenuc munoepunun

muxecu (Frunze, 1984).

cenuiuuove

epoHe-

LC

Syed, Aftab Husain, he was in 1971 a foreign service probationer at the Civil Service Academy, Lahore. Note

Syed, Anwar Hussain, born 17 December 1926 at Batala, India, he was educated in the Punjab and received a Ph.D. in 1957 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled The philosophy of international politics of Walter Lippmann. He was a professor of political science at Karachi before he was appointed in 1969 a professor in the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His writings include The political theory of American local government (1966), China and Pakistan; diplomacy of an entete cordiale (1974), and Issues of bureaucratic ehtics (1974). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 102; Note

Syed, Ayub, born early 20th cent., he was in 1970 an assistant editor of the Delhi Link.

He wrote L'lnde et Ie monde arabe (Besancon, 1965), and India and the Arab world (New Delhi, 1965). Note

Syed, Muhammad Hafiz, born in 1887 in India, he was educated at Bombay, Allahabad, London, and Montpellier and obtained a doctorate in 1932 at the Faculte des lettres de Montpellier for Optimisme dans la pensee indienne, and in the same year a Ph.D. at SOAS for Qadhi Mahmud Bahri, a mystic poet of the twelfth century A.H.; his times, life and works. BN; Sluglett; WhE&EA

Syed, Sabiha Hassan, born early 20th cent., she was in 1978 a director, Population Planning Division, Government of Pakistan. She was joint author of Rural Punjabi social organization and marriage timing strategies in Pakistan (1985). LC; Note Sykes, Christopher Hugh, born 17 November 1907, the son of Sir Mark Sykes, at Menethorpe, Yorkshire, he was educated at Christ Church College, Oxford. He became attached to the British Embassy at Tehran from 1930 to 1931, and served as a special correspondent for the Daily Mail during the Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

478

Persian Azerbaijan campaign of 1946. From 1948 to 1968 he served with the BBC, London. His writings include Changed; being an account of a voyage in modern Persia (1932), Stranger wonders; tales of travel (1937), Four studies in loyalty (1946), Cross roads to Israel (1965), and its translation, Kreuzwege nach Israel (1967). He died 8 December 1986. Au&WR, 1971; ConAu 29-32, 121; DNB; IntAu&W,1976-1989; Master (3); Who,1968-1987; Who was who, 8

Sykes, Edward, born early 20th cent. in Persia, the son of Sir Percy Sykes, he left the country in early childhood, and it was a happy coincidence that his connection with an engineering firm took him out to Persia in 1935. He was first at Tehran, but his work also involved travelling in the south-west area of Persia through which the Trans-Persian railway was being built, and where he was able to renew his father's friendships and get an insight into local circumstances. He was in the rank of major when the war came, joined up, and served for some years as political officer in Meshed, Hamadan and Isfahan. He worked in Persia until about 1950 when he returned to Britain. He was a member of the Royal Central Asian Society. His trace is lost after an article in 1950. Note Sykes, Ella Constance, born before 1866 at Canterbury, she was educated at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. In 1894 she accompanied her brother, Sir Percy, on a journey to India, becoming the first woman to ride from the Caspian Sea to India. She kept house for him in Kerman, accompanied him on the Perso-Baluch Boundary Commission, and on his many journeys in Persia. She collaborated with him in his books on Persia and travelled with him in Chinese Turkestan during the first World War. Her writings include Through Persia on a side-saddle (1898), Persia and its people (1910), and, with her brother, Deserts and oases of Central Asia (1920). She was awarded a Silver Medal of the Royal Society of Arts. She was an original member of the Royal Central Asian Society and served for some years as honorary librarian on its Council. From 1920 to 1926 she was also secretary of the Society. She wrote also A home-help in Canada (1912), which tells of her experiences as general domestic servant when she went out on behalf of a committee for sending university women to Canada. She died in 1939. DLB 174 (1997), pp. 289-293; JRCAS 26 (1939),364-365; Robinson,59-60; Who was who, 3; Wright Sykes, Godfrey Glenton, born in 1861 in England, he went in 1879 to America where he went West. He was a cowhand and worked at various trades, finally settling in Arizona. His writings include A Westernly trend, being a veracious chronicle of more than sixty years of joyous wanderings, mainly in search of space and sunshine (Tucson, Arizona Pioneers Historical Society, 1944). He died in Tucson, Ariz., 22 December 1948. Bioln 1, 12; NYT, 24 December 1948, p. 18, col. 3 Sykes, Herbert Rushton, born 12 October 1870, he was educated at Rugby and Christ Church College, Oxford. He travelled as a yound man in Persia. Originally he paid a visit to his cousin Percy Sykes at Kerman, and later, as a result of the interest the country aroused in him, he made several journeys to the more remote areas of Persia. During the last years of his life he devoted himself to public work in Shropshire. He was for forty-seven years a member of the Royal Central Asian Society. His writings include Our recent progress in southern Persia and its possibilities (1905). He died in March 1952. Britlnd (2); JRCAS 39 (1952), p. 170 Sykes, John, born 31 July 1918 at Bradford, Yorkshire, he was a member of the Society of Friends and served with a Quaker ambulance unit from 1939 to 1945, being posted also to Greece and the Middle East. He was seconded to the U.N. Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, 1944-45, as field director in the Aegean area. His writings include The Mountain Arabs; a window on the Middle East (1968), Down into Egypt; a revolution observed (1969), A Summer in Turkey (1970), and Portugal and Africa (1971). ConAu,17-20; Master (1); Note Sykes, Sir Mark, born in 1879 at London, he had no continous schooling, being withdrawn repeatedly from private tutors to accompany his father on long journeys abroad; but for short periods he was placed under Jesuit instruction at Beaumont College, Monaco, and at Bruxelles. Thus he learned to speak French fluently. He studied at Jesus College, Cambridge, but left without taking a degree. After two Lent terms spent in the Near East, he joined the Yorkshire Militia and served with it in 1902 in South Africa. In 1905 he returned to Turkey as honorary attache to the British embassy. He used opportunities to visit Mesopotamia and Syria, where he did some mapping for the War Office. In 1910 he entered politics. In 1916 he negotiated with the French what became to be known as the SykesPicot Agreement on Ottoman Arabia. Henceforth he was attached to the Foreign Office, and used as chief adviser on Near Eastern policy, with special reference to the Arab revolt. His writings include Through five Turkish provinces (1900), Dar-ul-Islam; a record of a journey through ten of the Asiatic provinces of Turkey (1904), and The caliph's heritage; a short history of the Turkish Empire (1915). He died in 1919. Shane Leslie wrote Mark Sykes; his life and letters (1923). Britlnd (1); DNB; Who was who, 2 Sykes, Sir Percy Molesworth, born 28 February 1867 at Canterbury, he was educated at Rugby School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Early in life he was drawn to the study of Persia, and in Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

479 1893 he obtained permission to travel overland through Persia in order to rejoin his regiment in the Punjab. On his second journey, 1893 to 1894, he explored Baluchistan, being the first European to climb the Kuh-i Taftan; returning to Persia in 1894, he was appointed the first consul for Persia and Persian Baluchistan. With his sister, who thenceforth shared his adventures, he travelled over much of the country south of Tehran, on the route between Kashan and Yazd. In 1896 he joined Sir Thomas Holdrich as assistant commissioner on the Perso-Baluch Boundary Commissioin. In 1899 he founded the British Consulate for Sistan and Qa'in, and surveyed and described the geography of both these provinces. In 1902 he was made a C.M.G and received the Patron's Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society. During the first World War he surveyed six distinct regions of Persia through which he had previously travelled. He retired from the military in 1920. His writings include Ten thousand miles in Persia (1902), The glory of the Shia world (1910), History of Persia (1915). In collaboration with his sister he published Through deserts and oases of Central Asia (1920), which contained much new information about Chinese Turkestan, where he was a sometime acting consulgeneral at Kashgar; in 1940 he published his History of Afghanistan. He died in London in 1945. CAJ 12 (1993), 217-231; DNB; JRCAS 32 (1945), 230-231; MW 36 (1946),87-88; Riddick; Who was who, 4; Wright

Sykes, William Henry, born 25 January 1790, he entered the East India Company's Bombay Army in 1804 and was employed by the Bombay Government as statistical reporter from 1824 until he left India in 1831. He retired as colonel in 1833. He later was successively director of the East India Company, lord rector of Aberdeen University, and M.P. for Aberdeen. He died in 1872. Buckland; DcBiPP; DNB;

Riddick

Sylvester, Anthony, this is the pseudonym used by a twentieth century author, writer, and broadcaster. His writings include Living with communism; personal impressions (1966), Tunisia (1969), and Sudan under Nimeiri (1977). LC

Symeonidis, Charalampos P., fl. 1973, his writings include 01 Toanovo; rxu '7 toanovta (1972), and Der Vokalismus der griechischen Lehnwotter im Tarkischen (1976). NUC, 1973-77

Symes, Michael, born 1753 or 1760, he was a British colonel and envoy in the Far East. His writings include An account of an embassy to the Kingdom of Ava (1800). He suffered from the hardships of the campaign and died at sea on 22 January 1809. He was buried in Britain. DcBiPP; DNB

Symon de Latreiche, Amand Constant, born in 1804 at Metz, he was a professor of ecclesiastical history at the Grand Seminaire de Metz and later became almoner and canon in Italy where he died. His writings include Du mystere de la Vierge; ou, Du role de la femme dans la creation (Besancon, 1840), and Memoire sur l'etection des papes (Paris, 1869). IndexBFr2 (1)

Symonds, Thomas Jonathan, fl. 19th cent., his writings include Indian grasses, 2nd ed. (Madras, 1886). The first edition was entitled Grasses of the Indian Peninsula. NUC, pre-1956 Symons, Arthur William, born in 1865 at Milford Haven, Wales, he was a poet, translator, critic, and editor. His writings include The symbolist movement in literature (1899). He died in Wittenham, England, on 22 January 1945. Britlnd (3); ConAu 107; DLB vol. 19 (1983), pp. 364-68, vol. 57 (1987), pp. 330-41, vol. 149 (1995), pp. 255-66; DNB; Master (23); WhE&EA; Who was who, 4

Symons, Humphrey Ewan, born in 1899 at Altrincham, England, he was a journalist whose writings include Monte Carlo rally (1936), Cape record (1939), and Two roads to Africa (1939).

Who was who

among English and European authors

Symons, Leslie John, born 8 November 1926 at Reading, England, he taught geography in various capacities at U.K. universities from 1956 to his retirement in 1991. His writings include Russian agriCUlture; a geographical survey (1972), he was editor of The Soviet Union; a systematic geography (1982), and he was joint editor of Highway meteorology (1991). ConAu, 109, new rev. 26; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977,1986; WrDr, 1976/78-2001

Syrdal, Rolf Arthur, born 12 August 1902 at Hatton, N.Dak., he graduated from St. Olaf College and was ordained to Lutheran ministry in 1927. He served from 1929 to 1936 as a missionary in China. His writings include Mission in Madagascar (1957), and To the end of the earth; mission concept (1967). ConAu,25-28; DrAS, 1969, 1974 P; WhoMW, 1974/75, 1976/77

Syrier, Miya see Brandel-Syrier, Mia (Miya) Syrjanen, Seppo, born in 1939, he went as a missionary to Pakistan, where he was a staff member of the Christian Study Centre, Rawalpindi, and actively engaged in the Muslim-Christian dialogue. Subsequently he was secretary of the mission centre of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, and lecturer in comparative religion at the University of Helsinki. His writings include In search of meaning and identity; conversion to Christianity in Pakistani Muslim culture (1984). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Syrkin, Marie, born 22 March 1899 at Bern, she graduated from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., and was for many years a professor of English at Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. Since 1930 she was married to Charles Reznikoff. Her writings include the booklet, The Communists and the Arab problem (1936), and Blessed is the match; the story of Jewish resistance (1947). She died in 1989.

ConAu 9-12, 127, new rev. 6; CnDiAmJBi; DrAS, 1969, 1974 E; WhAm, 9; WhoAm, 1976-1988/89; WhoAmJ, 1980; WhoAmW, 1968/69, 1974/75; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978, 1987

Szabe, L. fl. 1952, he was a Jesuit who had gained a degree in history at Budapest University. Note Szabo-Pap, Lorant, born 20th cent., his writings include Torokorszagi utezesok (Budapest, 1975). LC Szachno-Romanowicz, Stanislaw, born in 1900, he studied ancient and modern Oriental languages at Warszawa and Lwow and gained a degree in Arabic as well as a doctorate in Assyriology. He died in 1973. Dziekan Szafar, Tadeusz, fl. 1953, his writings include CieflTargowicy nad Slqkiem (1955), Przewr6t Hitlerowsk w Niemeczech (1967), and W cieniu sWiqtyfl Angkoru (1971). LC Szakaly, Ferenc, born 28 October 1942, his writings include A mohecsi csata (1977), Magyar eaoztete s a torok h6doltsagban (1981), and Mohacs; tsnutmenyok a monecsi csata 450. evfordul6ja alkalmab61 (1986). MagyarNKK, 1992, 19941 Szana, Bernhard, 1867-1927 see Stern, Bernhard Szapszal, Serai, 1873-1961 see Shapshal, Sergei Markovich Szaszy, Istvan (Etienne/Stephan), born 1 December 1899 at Budapest, he studied at Budapest, Paris, den Haag, London and Berlin and gained a doctorate in law. He was from 1937 to 1942 a judge in the Egyptian Mixed Tribunal, and for many years a member of the Societe Fouad 1er d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. He later served successively as a professor of law at Kolozsvar and Budapest. His writings include Nemzetkoz; maganjog (1938), Droit international ptiv« compare (Alexandrie, 1940), A szovjetuni6 maganjoganak alapelvei irta (Kolozsvar, 1945), Nemzetkozi polgari eljarasjog (1963), its translation, International civil procedure (1967), and Conflict of laws in the Western, Socialist and Developing countries (1974). He died in Budapest, 12 April 1976. MEL,1981/82; Note; WhoSocC, 1978; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77

Szczesniak, Andrew L., born 20th cent., his writings include the booklet, A brief index of indigenous peoples and languages of Asiatic Russia (1963). NUC, 1956-67 Szczesniak, Boleslaw B., born 31 March 1908 at Warzawa, he studied at Warszawa where he received his first degree. He gained his Ph.D. in 1950 at the University of Notre Dame, Ind., and there taught history since 1948. His writings include The Russian revolution and religion (1959), and The Knights Hospital/ers in Poland and Lituania (1969). ConAu 9-12; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982

Szekely, Gyorgy, born 12 February 1924 at Budapest, he was since 1956 a professor of medieval history at Budapest, and a sometime vice-president of the Hungarian Historical Society. His writings include A torok h6dft6k el/eni vedeiom Ogye a D6zsa-Paraszthabonlt61 Mohacsig (1952), Landwirtschaft und Gewerbe in der ungarischen Gesel/schaft um 1500 (1960), and La Hongrie et la domination ottomane, XVe - XVlle slecie (1975). Fekete; MagyarNKK, 1992-2000; WhoSocC, 1978 Szekfu, Gyula (Julius), born in 1883, he studied at Budapest and successively worked at the library of the national museum and the state archive, Budapest. From 1909 to 1925 he was first a member of Wiener Hofbibliothek and later of Wiener Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv. He subsequently held the chair of Hungarian history at Budapest. His writings include Serviensek es familiarisok (1912), A samO zott Rekoczl (1913), Der Staat Ungarn; eine Geschichtsstudie (Stuttgart, 1918). He was one of the great Hungarian historians; he died in Budapest, 28 June 1955. Bioln 14; Ki-kicsoda, 1937; MEL, 1967-69; Mitteilungen des Osterreichischen Staatsarchivs 8 (1955), pp. 536-40; SOdost-Forschungen 16 (1957), pp. 149-51

Szemerenyi, Oswald John Louis, born in 1913 at London of Hungarian parents, he studied classics and German philology at Budapest where he also received a doctorate in Indo-European linguistics. He successively taught at his alma mater, Bedford College, and University College, London, from 1947 to 1965. He subsequently taught at the Universitat Freiburg im Breisgau until his retirement in 1981. His writings include EinfOhrung in die vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft (1970), and its translation, Introduction to Indo-European linguistics (1996). He died 29 December 1996. BioB134; Fekete, 1966, 1985; Klirschner,1970-1996; MagyarNKK,1994; Who, 1969-1997

Szentendrey, Julius V., born 20th cent., he edited Law in the Muslim world; a union list of materials (1981). Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Szeskin (Sheskin), Arieh, fl. 1967, he was a writer on agriculture in Israel, and joint author of the Second agricultural credit project; completion report (1978), submitted to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. LC Szilasi, M6ricz (Moritz), born 20 October 1854 at Szilasbalhas, he studied philosophy and served for many years as a professor at a school in Budapest. In 1903 he was appointed a professor of Hungarian linguistics at Kolozsvar university. His writings include secondary school texts of Greek and Latin classics. He died 15 May 1905. GeistigeUng Szulz (Schultz), August Jussuf-aga, born in 1798, he was an engineer and army officer who in 1833 entered the service of Ibrahim Pasha in Egypt and was employed at Cairo as well as Acre in Syria. He made a bequest to the Polish Library at Paris, where a room was named after him. He died in 1853 or 1854. Dziekan; NEP; Polski (2) Szuppe, Maria, born in 1960, she gained a doctorate in 1991 at the Universite de Paris III and became affiliated with the Institut d'Etudes Iraniennes at the Sorbonne. Her writings include Entre Timourides, Uzbeks et Safavides (1992). AnEIFr,1995; EURAMES,1993; Schoeberlein Szyliowicz, Joseph Simon, born 7 December 1931 at Charleroi, Belgium, he graduated in 1953 from the University of Denver and received a Ph.D. in 1961 at Columbia for Erdemli; a case study in the political integration of the Turkish villager. Since the mid 1960s he spent thirty years as a professor of international studies at Denver. His writings include Political change in rural Turkey; Erdemli (1966), Education and modernization in the Middle East (1973), and Politics, technology, and development; decision-making in the Turkish iron and steel industry (1991). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu, 41-44; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; NatFacDr, 1995

Szymanski, Edward, born early 20th cent., his writings include Le Prcbleme de itndepenaence de la Tunisie apres la seconde guerre mondiale (1962), and he edited Tradycja i wsp61czesnosc w Azji, Afryce i Ameryce iectnskie] (1978). Szynkiewicz, Jakub, born 16 April 1884 at. Lachowiczach, he studied Oriental languages at St. Petersburg and Berlin and gained a doctorate. He became a mufti. His writings include two undated monographs, Practical manual for the reading of the Koran, and The teaching of Islam in verses from the Koran. He died in 1966. Dziekan; NUC, pre-1956; Polski (1) Szyszman, Simon, fl. 1960, his writings include Le Karai'sme (Lausanne, 1980), its translation, Das Karaertum (1983), and Les Karartes d'Europe (Uppsala, 1989). LC Taaffe, Robert Norman, born 20 September 1929 at Chicago, he graduated in 1952 from Indiana University and received a Ph.D. in 1959 at Chicago. In 1970 he was appointed professor of geography at Indiana University, Bloomington, a post he still held in 1995. His writings include Rail transportation and the economic development of Soviet Central Asia (1960), and An atlas of Soviet affairs (1965). American men and women of science, 1973 S; National faculty directory, 1995; WhoAm, 1974/75-1982/83; Who's who in the world, 1976/77, 1978/79

Tabard, Antoine Marie, S.J., born 19th cent., he was a sometime chaplain, St. Patricks Cathedral, Bangladore, a professor at St. Joseph's College, Bangladore, as well as president of the Mythic Society. He was joint translator of Essay on Gunadhya and the Brhatkatha, by Felix Lacote (Bangladore, 1923). Britlnd (1); Indian biographical dictionary, 1915 (1916); NUC, pre-1956 Tabari, Farid Wajdi, Shaykh, fl. 1960, he resided In 1963 at Nazareth and was an advocate in the Muslim religious courts in Israel. Note Tabari, Ihsan, born in 1917 at Sari, Persia, he early in life joined the Iranian Communist Party and became editor-in-chief of Mardum, the official literary periodical of the Tudeh Party. Shaislam M. Shamukhamedov wrote a biography entitled UxcaH Ta6apu (Tashkent, 1959). Tabatoni, Pierre, born 9 February 1923 at Cannes, he studied at Aix-en-Provence and LSE, was awarded a Rockefeller fellowship, and did post-graduate work at Harvard and Princeton universities. He specialized in financial problems and business administration and was successively a professor at Alger, Aix-en-Provence, and Paris. His writings include Les Systemes de gestion (1975), and he was joint author of Economie ttnenctere (1963). IntWW,1976-1994/95; NDNC, 1963; WhoFr, 1975/76-2001; WhoWor, 1978-1989/90

Tabernero Chacobo, Hermenegildo, fl. 1961, he was a colonel in the infantry and served in Spanish West Africa. His writings include Legislaci6n de A. O. E. (Madrid, 1947). IndiceE3

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Tabet (Thabit), E. G., born 19th cent., he was a Syrian physician who graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md. He devoted much of his efforts to progressive movements in Syrian life. He was a secretary of the Beirut General Assembly for Reforms and was in 1915 sentenced by a Turkish court-martial, following seizure of the archives of the French ConsulateGeneral, which contained a petition signed by the Christian members of the General Assembly in support of a French protectorate over Syria. Note Taboroff, June H., she received a Ph.D. in 1981 from New York University for Bistam, Iran; the architecture, setting and patronage of an Islamic shrine.

Tabory, Ephraim, his writings include A sociological study of the Reform and Conservative movements in Israel (Ram Gan, Israel, 1980). LC Taboulet, Georges, born in 1888 at Oullins near Lyon, he studied history and geography, gaining his agregation in 1914 at Lyon. After war-time service he taught at the Lycee de Sarreguemines from 1919 to 1923 when he volunteered for teaching at Hanoi. He remained there until 1945 when he retired to France. He died in January 1979. Hommes et destins, vol. 6, pp. 393-394 Tabuteau, Francois, born in 1921, he was a climatologist whose writings include Terre Adelie, 195051; observations sur la glace de mer (Paris, 1956). NUC, 1956-1967 Tabutin, Dominique, fl. 1974, he received a doctorat de 3e cycle in 1974 from the Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, Paris, with a thesis entitled Mortalite infantile et juvenile en Algerie. His writings include Problemes de transition oemcqrephtaue (Louvain-Ia-Neuve, 1980). LC; THESAM, 2 Tachau, Frank, born 19 October 1929 at Braunschweig, Germany, he received a Ph.D. in 1958 from the University of Chicago for The ideas of Turkish nationalism. He served in various capacities at a great number of universities in the United States and the Middle East. His writings include Kemal AtatOrk (1987), he was joint author of Electoral politics in the Middle East (1980), and he edited Political parties of the Middle East and North Africa (1994). AmM&WS, 19735,1978 S; ConAu 111, 127, new rev. 55; NatFacDr, 1993-1995; Private

Taczanowski, Wfadysfaw, born in 1819, he was an ornithologist who travelled extensively in Asia and North Africa. His writings include Faune ornithologique de la Siberie orientale (St. Petersbourg, 18911893). He died in 1890. Dziekan; NEP; NUC, pre-1956 Taddei, Maurizio, born in 1936, he was a South Asian scholar whose writings include India antica (1972), its translations, India (1970), and Indien (1970), and he was joint author of an exhibition catalogue of the Istituto per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Roma, entitled Mostra di monili dell'Asia dal Caspio all'Himalaya (1963), and he also edited the conference papers, South Asian archaeology, 1977 (1979), and South Asian archaeology, 1987 (1990). LC Taddia, Irma, her writings include Eritrea - colonial, 1890-1952 (Milano, 1986), she was joint author of Africa come storia (1980), and she was joint editor of Fonti comboniane per la storia dell'Africa nordorientale (Bologna, Universita degli studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di politica, istiituzioni, storia, 1986). Tadic, Jorjo (Georgius), born in 1899 at Stari Grad, Croatia, he was educated at Split and gained a doctorate at Beograd where he later held a post at the Faculty of Philosophy. His writings include ,D,y6poBalfKu nopmpemu (1948), and he edited ,D,y6poBalfKa epxuecxe epalja 0 5eoapaoy (1950), and rpalja 0 cnukepceoj tuxonu y,ay6pOBHUKyXIII-XVI B. (1952). He died in Beograd in 1969. Ko je ko, 1957; Opce enciklopedija (Zagreb, 1977-1982)

Tadzhiev, Dadadzhan Tadzhievich, born 22 March 1915 at Kanibadam (Konibodom), Tajikistan, he was a professor since 1967 and gained a doctorate in 1972. His writings include Cnoco6bl CBfl3U onpeoenenun c onpeoenfieMblMB COBpeMeHHOM maO>KUKCKOM numeoemyonou fl3blKe (Stalinabad, 1955), and he was joint editor of aionemuoecxs» npupoo« cnoeecuoeo yoapeHufi B cOBpeMeHHoM maO>KUKCKOM numeoemvpnon fl3blKe (1983). He died in Dushanbe, 6 January 1987. EST, vol. 7, p. 393 Taeschner, Franz Gustav, born 8 September 1888 at Bad Reichenhall, Bavaria, he studied Oriental languages at Bonn, Berlin, MOnchen, Erlangen and Kiel, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1912 with a thesis entitled Die Psychologie Qazwinis. From 1929 to his retirement in 1956 he was a professor of Oriental, particularly Ottoman studies at MOnster. His writings include Geschichte der arabischen Welt (1944), ZOnfte und Bruderschaften im Islam; Texte zur Geschichte der Futuwwa (1979). He died in MOnster, 11 November 1967. DtBE; DtBilnd (2); KOrschner, 1940/41-1966; Wer ist's, 1935; Wer ist wer, 1955, 1958; ZDMG 118 (1968), pp. 14-15

Tafrali, Oreste Mina Filip, born in 1876 at Tulcea, Romania, he studied at Bucharest University and Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1912 for Thessalonique au cuetorzieme siecte. Subsequently Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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he taught Latin in Bucharest, and Romanian in Paris. From 1916 to 1936, he was professor of archaeology at la~i University. His writings include La Roumanie transdanubienne (1918). He died in November 1937. Byzantion 13 (1938), pp. 761-763; WhoRom Taqan, Galimdsan, fl. 1941, he was joint author of Oroszorszag valutaja a tieboru a/att es a neboru uten (Budapest, 1929). NUC, pre-1956 Tageev, Boris Leonidovich, born in 1871, he was a lieutenant-colonel in the Imperial Russian Army for a number of years, spending much time in Turkestan and Central Asia. He was attached to the Russian Military Commission in London during the 1914-1918 war. His writings, partly under the name Roustam (Rustam) Bek, include Pycckie Hao MHoiu; ouept«: U pa3cKa3bl U3 60eaou >KU3HU Ha naMupe (St. Petersburg, 1900), no AcjJaaHucmaHy; npuKnlOlfeHiR pyccseeo nymeiuecmeennuse (Moskva, 1904), naHaMa pycoxeeo tpnome (Hauua [Nice], 1908), Aerial Russia; the romance of the giant aeroplane (London, 1916), Russia in arms; a story of the Czar's troops (London, 1916), and B cmpene nopooe (Moskva, 1928). Asia,1920; LC Tagher, Jacques, 1918-1952 see Tajir, Jak Tagieva, Shevket Aziz-Aga kyzYl born 11 June 1926 at Baku, she graduated in 1948 from the Oriental Faculty, Azerbaijan State University and received her first degree in 1954 with a dissertation entitled Heuuonensuo-oceotiooumem.noe OBU>KeHUe a MpaHcKoM A3ep6auo>KaHe. In 1967 she obtained a doctorate for AapapHble omnouienun a MpaHe B KOHu,e XIX ee. Since 1957 she was affiliated with the Institute of the People of the Near and Middle East in the Azerbaijan Academy of Science. Her writings include Heuuonenuto-ocecocoumensnoe OBU>KeHUe a MpaHcKoM A3ep-6auo>KaHe a 1917-1920 aa (1956), nOnO>KHUe KpecmbRH MpaHa B KOHu,e XIX - ne-tene XX eekoe (1969), and she edited Janubi Azarbaijan tarikhi masalalari (1989). AzarbSE, vol. 9, p. 122; Miliband; Miliband2 Tagirdzhanov (Tahirjanov), Abdurakhman (Gabdrakhman) Tagirovich, born in 1907, he graduated in 1941 from the Faculty of Philology at Leningrad and received his first degree with a dissertation entitled «Xocpoa U WUpUH. Kym6a.» He was awarded a doctorate in 1970. Since 1946 he was affiliated with the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad. His writings include Onucenue maO>KUKCKUX U nepcuocsu» pyxottucet) Bocmounoeo Omena 5u6nuomeKu flfY (1962), Cnuco« maO>KUKCKUx6 nepcuocsux U mtopecsux pyKonuceu Bocmounoeo Omenna 5u6nuomeKu flfY (1967), and PyoaKu; >KU3Hb U meopuecmeo ucmopus usyvenu» (1968). He died 18 December 1983. Miliband; Miliband2 ; TatarES Tagliavini, Carlo, born 18 June 1903 at Bologna, he was a lifelong scholar of Balkan studies who, at the age of twenty, published Grammatica della lingua rumen a (1923), a work which SUbsequently appeared in German and French translations. He had taught at Nijmegen and Budapest before he was appointed a professor of glottologia at Padova, where he became an authority on Albanian studies. His writings include La stratificazione del lessico albanese (1924), L'albanese di Dalmazia (1937), and Le parlate albanesi di tipo ghego orientale (1942). He died in Bologna, 31 May 1982. Chi

e,

1936-1961; IndBI (2); SOdost-Forschungen 43 (1984), pp. 305-6; Vaccaro; Who Italy, 1958

Tahir, Pervez, born 20th cent., he was in 1978 a deputy chief in the Pakistan Planning Commission. His writings include Economic regionalism in the RCD countries (1970), Pakistan; an economic spectrum (1974), and Economic and social thinking of Quaid-i-Azam (1980). LC; Note Tahtinen, Dale Rudolf, born in 1945 at Baraga, Mich., he graduated in 1967 from Northern Michigan University and received a Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of Maryland at College Park with a thesis entitled The role of the single party in the modernization process of five Middle Eastern states. He became affiliated with the U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C., and was a sometime assistant director of Foreign and Defense Studies at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C. His writings include Arms in the Persian Gulf (1974), The Arab-Israeli military balance since 1973 (1974), and National security challenges to Saudi Arabia (1979). ConAu 65-68; Note; Selim3 Taillandier, Rene Gaspard Ernest Saint-Rene, born in 1817 at Paris, he studied at Paris and Heidelberg and successively taught French literature at the universities of Strasbourg, Montpellier, and Paris. His writings include La Serbie (1872), and La Serbie au XIXe siecte (2d ed., 1875), and its translation, Cp6uja y oeeemneiecmon aeKy (1990). He died in Paris in 1879. BiD&SB; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (3); LC; Vapereau

Taillard, Fulbert, his writings include La nationalisme marocaine (Paris, 1947).

NUC, pre-1956

Taillemite, Etienne Hilaire Marie, born 18 April 1924 at Poitiers, he graduated from l'I~cole nationale des chartes, Paris, and was from 1948 to 1958 an archivist at the Ministere de la France d'outre-mer. He was an honorary inspecteur general at the Archives de France, and a specialist in maritime and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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colonial history as well as a sometime president of the Academie de Marine. His writings include Dictionnaire des marins franc;ais (1982), L'histoire lnqnoree de la Marine franc;ais (1988), and he was joint editor of Inventaire des Archives coloniales (1976-83). Note; WhoFr, 1989-2001 Tajir, Jak (Jacques Tagher), born 12 July 1918 at Cairo of Coptic parentage, he completed his secondary education in 1935 at a Christian school. In the same year he entered the service of the Royal Library, an employment which afforded him ample opportunities for research, particularly into nineteenth-century history of Egypt. His doctoral thesis, submitted at the Sorbonne and entitled Histoire du christianisme du VIe au XIXe siece, met with such violent reaction in Egypt that it was banned. In 1948 he founded the periodical Les Cahiers d'histoire egyptienne. His writings include Mohamed Ali juge par les Europeens de son temps (Cairo, 1942), and 0~1 .s .b~,;/I (Cairo, 1951). He died after an automiblie accident on 27 April 1952. Cahiers d'histoire egyptienne 4 (1952), pp. 163-165; Hommes et destins, vol. 4, pp. 661-62

Takats, Zoltan Felvinczi, 1880-1964 see Felvinczi Takats, Zoltan Takle, Rev. John, born 19th cent., he was for thirty years a missionary of the Baptist Church to Muslims in East Bengal. He was founder of Missionaries to Muslims' League, shortly after the Lucknow Conference in 1911. Though invalided home in 1915, and having to retire early through illhealth, he remained an able writer on Islam and on the Christian appraoch to Muslims. His writings include The faith of the Crescent (1913). He died in 1940 in New Zealand. Note about the author Talabot, Francois Paulin, born in 1799, he was an engineer affiliated with the Brigade francais during the works on the Suez Canal. His writings include Chemin de fer de Marseille au Rhone (Paris, 1842), and Canal de Suez (Paris, 1855). He died in 1885. Note; NUC, pre-1956 Talabov, Eminzhon, born 15 November 1938 in Uzbekistan, he graduated in 1963 at Tashkent and received his first degree in 1972 for TpaKmambl A6y Anu U6H CUHbl no auaueHe, a work which was published in 1978. Since 1963 he was affiliated with the Oriental Faculty at Tashkent. In 1979 he was appointed a lecturer. He spent 1961-62 in Iraq, and 1968-70 in Egypt. His writings include Uzbekcharuscha-arabcha suzlashgich = Y36eKcKo-pyccKo-apa6cKuu peseoeopnu« (1989). Miliband2 Talas, Cahit, born in 1917 at Trabzon (Trebizond), he received a doctorate in 1948 from the Universite de Geneve for La legislation du travail industriel en Turquie. He was a sometime professor of social economy at the Faculty of Political Science in Ankara Oniversitesi. His writings include lctimet iktisat dersleri (Ankara, 1955), and TOrkiye'nin ectklemelt sosyal politika tarihi (Ankara, 1992). LC; Note; Schwarz

Talat Pasa, Mehmed, born in 1874 at Edirne, he was a leader of the Young Turk movement, and from 1913 to 1917 minister of the interior. He was implicated in the Armenian massacres during the first World War and served from 1917 to 1918 as grand vizier. In November 1918 he escaped to Germany where he was shot dead by an Armenian in Berlin on 15 March 1921. His writings include Talat Pese'nin hatirlan (Istanbul, 1946), and Talat Pa§a emten (Istanbul, 1986). AnaBrit; EEE; Zurcher Talayarcan, Darius see Taleyarkhan, Darius Talayrach d'Eckardt, Isabelle, fl. 1899, her writings include Souvenirs de famille (Paris, 1930).

BN

Taibi (al-Talibi), Mohammed, born in 1920 at Tunis, he received a doctorate and became a professor at the Faculte des lettres de Tunis, specializing in medieval Islamic history. His writings include L'Emirat aghlabide (1966), Islam et dialogue (1972), Ibn Haldun et I'histoire (1973), and Un Respect tetu (1989). AfrBiolnd (1); LC; Note Talbot, Sir Adelbert Cecil, born 3 June 1845, he was educated at Eton and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He served in the Political Department in India as well as consul-general at Bushire. He died in 1920. Britlnd (1); Buckland; Riddick; Who, 1905-1921; Who was who, 2 Talbot, Phillips, born 7 June 1915 at Pittsburgh, Pa., he graduated from the University of Illinois and received a Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Chicago. He had a career as a journalist, professor of international relations, academic administrator, government official, and ambassador. Since 1970 he was a president of the Asia Society. He spent the years 1939-43 and 1946-48 in India. His writings include The independence of India (1947), Understanding India (1973), and India in the 1980s (1983). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; IntWW, 1974/75-1976/77; WhoAm, 1974/75-1988/89,2001; WhoE, 1989/90; WhoWor, 1978/79-2000

Talbot, Sir Reginald Arthur James, Major-Gen., born in 1841, he served in Egypt, 1882, 1884-85, 1899-1903, and was an attache at Paris from 1899 to 1895. He died in 1929. Who, 1903-1929; Who was who, 3

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Talbott, John Edwin, born 25 September 1940 at Grinnell, Iowa, he graduated in 1962 from the University of Missouri and received a Ph.D. in 1966 at Stanford University with a thesis entitled Politics and educational reform in interwar France, 1919-1939. Since 1971 he was a professor of modern European history at the University of California, Santa Barbara, a post which he still held in 2003. His writings include The politics of educational reform in France (1969), and War without a name; France in Algeria, 1954-1962 (1981). ConAu 25-28; DrA5, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; LC; NatFacDr, 1995-2003 Taleyarkhan (Talayarcan), Darius, fl. 1926, he was an Indian Zoroastrian who travelled in Lebanon, Palestine and Syria, in the company with Paul Richard, a French writer. Note Taleyarkhan, Dinshah Ardeshir, born 19th cent., his writings include The Riots of 1874 (Bombay, 1874), The Revolution of Baroda (Bombay, 1875), Selections from my recent notes on the Indian Empire (Bombay,1886), and The Jubilee dawn in Nizam Hyderabad, 1887 (Bombay, 1887). NUC, pre-1956 Taleyarkhan, Homi Jehangirji H., born 9 February 1917, he was educated at the University of Bombay, King's College, London, and admitted to the bar from Lincoln's Inn. He was an Indian government official and a sometime ambassador to Libya. His writings include I have it from Gandhiji (1944), Hyderabad and her destiny (1948), and Escape from the city (1954). IntWW. 1982-20001; Wholndia 1974/75, 1977/78,1978/79, 1979/80

Talha, Larbi, fl. 1975, he gained a doctorate and was in 1993 affiliated with the Institut de Recherches et d'Etudes sur Ie Monde arabe et Musulman, Aix-en-Provence. His writings include Le Salariat immiqre dans la crise; la mein-o'ceuvre meqhrebtne en France (1989). EURAME5,1993 Talib, Gurbachan Singh, born in 1911, his writings include Baba Sheikh Farid, his life and teaching (1973), and he compiled Muslim League attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab, 1947 (Amritsar, 1950). He died 9 April 1986. LC Talipov, Tuglukzhan Talipovich, born 21 December 1925, he graduated in 1953 from the Pedagogical Institute, Alma-Ata, and received his first degree in 1960 with the dissertation, cucmeue enecnux 8 cOBpeMeHHoM yuaypcKoM fl3blKe. He received a doctorate in 1983 at Alma-Ata for McmopuliecKoe peseumue dionemuueceoe CUCmeMbJ yuaypcKoe fl3blKa. His writings include TnacHHble yuaypcKoao u «esexceceo fl3blKOB (1968), Peseumue iponemuuecuoeo cmpyKmypbl yuaypcKoao fl3blKa (1972), and oouemuke ytieypcsoeo fl3blKa (1987). Miliband2 Tallgren, Aarne Michael, born 8 February 1885 at Ruovesi, Finland, he was a professor of Finnish and Nordic archaeology at Helsinki and a writer on pre-historic northern Russia. His writings include Neues abet russiche Archaologie (1924), and La Pontide prescythique apres /'introduction des meteux (1926). He died 12 April 1945. Aikalaiskirja, 1934; Baltisch (2); 5cBlnd (2); Otavan iso tietosanakirja= Encyclopaedia Fennica; Revue archeologique, 6e serie, vol. 37 (1951), p. 207; TatarE5; Vern och vad, 1931, 1936, 1941

Tallgren-Tuulio, Oiva Johannes, 1878- see Tuulio, Oiva Johannes Tallmadge, Guy Kasten, born in 1901, he received a Ph.D. in educational psychology in 1959 and became a research psychologist for industry and the military. His writings include Basic biology of man (1952), its translation, La Biologie de I'homme (1956), and he was joint author of Study training equipment and individual differences (1967). He died in 1966. AmM&W5, 19735,19785; NatCAB, vol. 53 (1971), pp. 225-26; WhAm, 4

Tallon, Denis, born 28 March 1924 at Paris, he studied law at Paris and Strasbourg. He was a professor at Tunis from 1953 to 1955 and then first taught at Nancy until 1968 and subsequently at Paris until his retirement in 1993. He edited Fundamental guarantees of the parties in civil litigation (1973), Les Effetcs du contrat dans les pays du Marche commun (1985), he was joint editor of La Filiation; col/oque (1977), Le Contrat aujourd'hui (1987), and its translation, Contract law today; AngloFrench comparisons (1989). WhoFr, 1973/74-1995/961 Tallon, Maurice, fl. 1938, he was a Jesuit priest affiliated with the Universite Saint-Joseph, Beirut. His writings include Livre des lettres (Girk T'It'oc); documents ermeniens (Beyrouth, 1955). NUC, pre-1956 Tallqvist, Knut Leonard, born 16 March 1865 at Kyrkslatt, Finland, he received a doctorate in 1890 at Helsingfors with a thesis entitled Die Sprache der Contracte NabO-na'ids. He was a sometime professor of Oriental languages at Helsinki. His writings include Arabische Sprichworter und Spiele (1897), Georg August Wallin; en lefnadsteckning (1905), and he edited Kitab al-mugrib fi hula alMagrib, Buch IV; Geschichte der Ihsfden und tuststenslscne Biographien; Textausgabe und deutsche Bearbeitung (Leiden, 1899). He died in 1949. Aalto, pp. 56-57; Aikalaiskirja, 1934; Otavan iso tietosanakirja = Encyclopaedia Fennica; 5cBlnd (5); Uusi tietosanakirja; Vern och vad, 1931, 1936, 1941,1948

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Talybzade (Talybzada), lI'dyrym Abdulla ogly, fl. 1958, his writings include Azarbaijanda 1912-ji Ail agrar islahaty (Baku, 1965), and XIX asr va xx asrin avvallarinda Azarbaijanda suvarma va sudan istifada (Baku, 1980). LC; aSK Talyerkhan, Homi Jehangirji H., 1917- see Taleyarkhan, Homi Jehangirji H. Tamani, Giuliano, fl. 1972, he was joint author of Judaica forojuliensia; studi e ricerche sull'ebraismo del Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Udine, 1984). LC Tamari, Shmuel, fl. 1971, he was a sometime professor at Ramat-Gan University. His writings include Qatat al-Tina in Sinai (1978). LC Tamarin, Georges R., fl. 1968, he was a sometime senior lecturer in psychology at Tel Avid University. His writings include Forms and functions of Israeli theocracy (1968), The Israeli dilemma (1973), and Studies in psychopathology (1980). LC; Note Tambo, David C., born 1 May 1946 at Albert Lea, Minn., he was a librarian at Stoeckel Archives, Center for Middletown Studies, Ball State University, Muncie, Ind. WhoLibl, 1982 Tamborra, Angelo born 1913 at Chiasso, Switzerland, he graduated in 1936 in political science from the Universita di Firenze, and subsequently went for further study to Warszawa, Krakow, and Berlin. For many years an editor of the Enciclopedia italian a, he was in 1962 appointed a professor at Perugia, where he specialized in East European history. He later taught at Roma. His writings include Cavour e i Balcani (1958), Gli stati italiani I'Europa e il problema turco dopo Lepanto (1961), L'Europa centroorientale nei secoli XIX-XX (1971), and Garibaldi e I'Europa (1983). IndBI (1); Who Italy, 1980 Tamer (Tamir), Aref ('Arif), born early 20th cent., he was educated in Syria and Lebanon and obtained a doctorate. He was an authority on Islamic culture as well as a poet, novelist, and historian. He was a member of several learned societies, including the Royal Asiatic Society of London. His writings include Sufi studies (1973), al-Ghazzali (1987), and he edited 'Arab rasa'i1lsma (1953). Note lliTyah

Tamkoc, Metin, born 2 September 1926 at Ankara, he was educated at Istanbul and Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., where he received a Ph.D. in 1960. After post-doctoral fellowships and grants he taught from 1960 to 1964 at the Middle East Technical University, Ankara. In 1964 he was appointed a professor of government at Texas Technical University, Lubbock, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Political and legal aspects of armistice status (Ankara, 1963), The Warrior diplomats (1976), and The Turkish Cypriot State (1988). AmM&WS, 1973 S; NatFacDr, 1995 Tamney, Joseph Bernard, born in 1933, he received a Ph.D. in 1962 from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., with a thesis entitled An explanatory study of religious conversion. In 1985 he was a professor at the Department of Sociology in Ball State University, Muncie, Ind., a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Solidarity in a slum (1975), and The resilience of Christianity in the modern world (1992). NatFacDr, 1995; Note Tamzok, Omar Farouk, born in 1940, he completed his study of business administration at the Universitat Gottingen in 1972. Note Tan, Allen Li, he received a Ph.D. in 1974 from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., with a thesis entitled Contentment and change in a Philippine setting. He was joint author of A preliminary bibliography of Philippine cultural minorities (1967). NUC Tanaskovic, Darko, fl. 1975., his writings include A rapski jezik u savremenom Tunisu (Beograd, 1982), the translation from the Arabic of Usamah ibn Munqidh, Kfbuaa noyse (1984), and he edited Leksikon Islama (Sarajevo, 1990). LC Tandberg, Olof G., born 7 January 1932 at Stockholm, he studied at Stockholm and became affiliated with the Swedish broadcasting system as well as international organizations. His writings include Sydafrika (1960), Restreqen i Sydafrika (1963), and he was joint author of Oet glomda kriget; rapport fran irakska Kurdistan (1967), and Jordens tortryckie (1970). Vem er det. 1971-2001 Tanenbaum, Jan Karl, born 21 December 1936 at Chicago, he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of California at Berkeley. Since 1965 he was a professor of modern European history at New York University. His writings include an extensive revision of his thesis, General Maurice Sarrail, 1856-1929; the French army and left-wing politics (1974), and France and the Arab Middle East, 19141920 (1978). ConAu 61-64; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; Note about the author Tang, Peter Shen-Hao, born 11 April 1919 in China, he was educated in his home country and in America where he received a Ph.D. in 1952 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled Russian and Soviet policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia, 1911-1931. Since 1962 he was a professor of political science at Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Mass. His writings include The Chinese communist Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

487 struggle against modern revtsiomsm (1964), and he was joint author of Communist China; the domestic scene, 1949-1967 (1967). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 1-4; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977

Tanham, George Kilpatrick, born 23 February 1922 at Englewood, N.J., he studied at Princeton and Stanford, where he received a Ph.D. in 1951 for The Belgian underground movement, 1940-1944. After post-doctoral fellowships and grants he became affiliated with Rand Corporation and concurrently served as a lecturer at military institutions. His writings include The Indian Air Force (1994). AmM&WS, 1973,1978 S; ConAu 1-4, new rev. 1; WhoAm, 1986-1988/89,2001; WrDr, 1976/78-2001

Tarundr, Zaren, born 30 October 1943 at Adana, he received a doctorate in 1971 and was until 1985 affiliated with istanbul Topkapi Sarayt Muzesi, Since 1986 he was a lecturer at Bursa Uludag Oniversitesi Egitim Fakultesi, He was joint author of Tookeot Sarayl Mazesi islam minyatarleri (1979), and its translation, Topkept Saray Museum: The Albums and illustrated manuscripts (1986). Kim kimdir, 1997/98,1999, 2000

Tanner, Ralph Esmond Selby, born 24 August 1921 at London, he studied at Oxford and was a sometime district commissioner in Tanganyika. He was affiliated with Makerere University College, Kampala, Uganda, as well as the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, Sussex. His writings include Transition in African beliefs (1967), Homicide in Uganda, 1964 (1970), The Witch muders in Sukumaland (1970), Law and order statistics in the Third World (1983), and he was joint author of The Biology of religion (1983). Note; Unesco Tannous (Tannus), Afif Ishak, born 25 September 1905 at Bishmizzeen, Lebanon, he was a graduate of AUB and received a Ph.D. in 1940 from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., with a thesis entitled Trends of social and cultural change in Bishmizzeen, an Arab village of North Lebanon. He taught political science at AUB and American universities and also served as U.S. and U.N. official. AmM&WS, 1973 S; IntWW, 1974/75-1998/991; Selim; WS&SW, 1980/81-1988/89

Tannous (Tannus), 'Izzat, born in 1896 at Nablus, Ottoman Palestine, he graduated in 1918 from the Syrian Protestant College (now AUB) as a doctor of medicine and surgery. He practised in Jerusalem and in 1928-29 studied pediatrics at Paris and London. In 1936 he joined the delegation to London to discuss the Palestine question with the British Government, and later became diretcor of the Arab Centre in London. In 1945 he opened an office for the Arab League in London, and in 1946 organized the Arab National Committee, later serving as treasurer. He opened the Arab Palestine Office in Beirut in 1949 and the Palestine Arab Refugee Office in New York in 1955. Between 1951 and 1968 he repeatedly addressed the Special Political Committee of the U.N. on the Palestine question. In 1964 he participated in the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization and was director of its New York office until 1968. His writings include Warning from Palestine Arabs (1951), and The Palestinians; a detailed documented eyewitness history of Palestine under British Mandate (1988). He died 9 August 1993 in Washington, D.C., of complications from pneumonia. WRMEA 12, no. 3 (1993), p. 113 Tanski, J6zef, born in 1805 at Warszawa, he was a political dissident who emigrated to France, where he served in the Legion etranqere in Algeria. His writings include Tableau statistique, politique et moral du systeme militaire de la Russie (1833), Voyage autour de la Chambre des deputees (1845), and La Pologne devant I'Europe (1862), Cinquante ennees d'exile (1880). He died in Neuilly, 20 November 1888. Dziekan; Polski (5) Tansykbaeva, Sofiia Ikhsanovna (Ibragimovna), born 8 March 1926 in Kirgizia, she graduated in 1949 from the Central Asian State University. Since 1954 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include Kpecmssmcmeo tlerucmene (1969), KpecmbRHcmBo Eeneneoeui (1985), and she was joint author of t1HOUFI u Y36eKucmaH (1966). She died 20 June 1992. Bocmo«, 1993, no. 3, pp. 214-215

Tantet, Victor, born in 1862, he was a department head in the Ministere des colonies, Paris. His writings include Survivance de I'esprit trenceis aux colonies perdues (1900), and Les Colonies trenceises (1900-1902). He died in Paris in 1906. IndexBFr2 (1); NUC, pre-1956 Tantum, Geoffrey Alan, born 12 November 1940, he was a graduate of the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, as well as St. John's College, Oxford. He also studied at the Universite de Tunis. He lived for several years in the Arab world as a student, teacher, and, since 1969, a member of the British Foreign Service. Directory of BRISMES members, 1993; Note; Who, 1996-2001 Tanzer, William, fl. 1966, he was a sometime chief of the U.N. Information Service with the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East in Bangkok. Note Tapiero, Elie, fl. 1955, he was affiliated with the Association pour I'avancement des etudes islamiques. His writings include 50 Devoirs d'arabe classique pour Ie becceleureet (Casablanca, s.d.), and Le Dogme et les rites de /'islam par les textes (1957). BN; NUC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

488

Taplero, Norbert, born 20th cent., he received a doctorat d'etat in 1974 at Paris III with a thesis entitled Pour une didactique de I'arabe moderne, langue de communication. He was a sometime martreassistant at l'Universlte de Lyon II. His writings include Apprendre a communiquer en arabe moderne avec moyens audio-visuels (1976), and Manuel d'arabe algerien moderne (1978). THESAM,4

Tappe, Eric Ditmar, born in 1910, he taught Rumanian studies at the University of London since 1974. His writings include Rumanian prose and verse (1956), and Documents concerning Rumanian history, 1427-1601 (1964). BlueB, 1975, 1976; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982, 1986 Tapper, Nancy, 1944 see Lindisfarne, Nancy Tapper, Richard Lionel, born 18 May 1942 in Britain, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from SOAS with a thesis entitled The Shahsavan of Azerbaijan; a study of political and economic change in a Middle Eastern tribal society. He did field-work with Nancy Tapper in Afghan Turkestan, 1970-72. He was a sometime head of the Department of Anthropology and Sociology, and chairman, Centre of Near and Middle Eastern Studies, SOAS. His writings include Frontier nomads of Iran; a political and social history of the Shahsevan (1997), he edited The Conflict of tribe and state in Iran and Afghanistan (1983), Islam in modern Turkey (1991), and he was joint editor of Culinary cultures of the Middle East (1994). DrBSMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; MESA Roster of members, 1990; Note; Schoeberlein; Sluglett Tappi, P.C., born 19th cent., he was a Catholic priest who, in 1910, was a member of the Mission de I'Afrique centrale de Verene, and, in 1917, of the Mission catholique de Khartoum. Note Taqizadah, Sayyid Hasan, born 29 Ramadan 1295 A.H. (27 September 1878) at Tabriz, he was a sometime Iranian diplomat and a joint founder of the Persian journal Kaveh, the first issue of which was published in Berlin in January 1916. His writings include Essai sur I'ancien calendrier iranien (1938). In 1962 he was honoured by A Locust's leg; studies in honour of S. H. Taqizadeh. He died 28 January 1969. LC; Note about the author Taquet, Abbe Gaetan, born 19th cent., he was a graduate of the Ecole pratique de'etudes bibliques de Jerusalem, and in 1907 a professor at the College St.-Joseph. His writings include Face au mal; recueil de poesie (Lille, 1907). BN; Note Taranci, HOseyin Cahit Sltkl, born in 1910 at Dlyarbakrr, Turkey, he graduated in 1931 from Galatasaray Lisesi, where he had concentrated on French studies. During the second World War he was employed as a French translator with a variety of Turkish institutions. His precarious health took him in 1956 to Wien for medical treatment, but he died 13 October of the same year. DcOrL; Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 451-2; Necatigil, 1970

Tarchouna, Mahmoud, 1941- see Tarshunah, Mahmud de Tarde, Alfred, born in 1880, he received a doctorate in 1906 from the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled L'idee du juste prix. His writings include L'Europe court-elle a sa ruine? (1916), Le Maroc, ecole d'energie (1923), and La Politique d'aujourd'hui (s.d.) He died in 1925. BN; NUC, pre-1956 de Tarde, Guillaume Jean Paul Marie, born in 1885 at Sarlat (Dordogne), he was educated at the College Stanislas as well as the Facultes des lettres et de droit, and the Ecole des sciences politiques, Paris. From 1914 to 1921 he was a deputy secretary general, Protectorat du Maroc, and in close contact with General Lyautey. He later served as an administrator with the French national railway. His writings include Lyautey, Ie chef en action (1959). WhoFr, 1955/56-1979/801

Tardieu, Andre Pierre Gabriel Amedee, born in 1876, he graduated from l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, and then entered the diplomatic service, being attached to the French embassy in Berlin, 1897. He served for a while in the Foreign Office and as a secretary in the presidency of the Conseil des ministres, 1899-1902. He was editor of Revue des deux mondes and became foreign editor of Ie Temps. He entered politics before the first World War was a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference, and was from November 1929 to December 1930 French premier. His writings include Questions diplomatiques de l'ennees 1904 (1905), a work which won him an award from the Acadernie francaise, La Conference d'Algesiras; histoire diplomatique de la crise marocaine (1908), Le Mystere d'Agadir (1912), The Truth about the Treaty (1921), and France and America (1927). He died in 1945. Binon, Rudolph, Defeated leaders (1960), pp. 197-337; CurBio, 1945; EncAm; Encltaliana; Index BFr2 (6); Who, 1921-1943

Tardov, Vladimir Gennadievich, fl. 1930, his writings include Cyob6a Pocciu; u36paHHble 04epK, 19111917 (Moscow, 1918). NYPL Tardy, Lajos, born 28 July 1914 at Budapest, he was a librarian and historian. His writings include Regi magyar kovetjereso« Keleten (1971), its translation, Beyond the Ottoman Empire; 14th-16th century Hungarian diplomacy in the East (1978), A tatarorszagi rabszolgakereskedelem ee a magyarok Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

489 a XIII-XIV szesedben (1980), its translation, Sklavenhandel in der Tartarei; die Frage der Madscharen (1983), Kaukazusi magyar takar (1988), and he was joint author of Rabok, kovetek; kalmarok az oszmen biroda/amr61 (1977). He died in Budapest, 10 January 1990. MEL, 1978-1991; WhoWor, 1976/77

Tarhan, Abdulhak Harnit, born in 1851 at Constantinople, the son of the historian Hayrullah Efendi, he was educated at Paris and the American College (now Bogazi9i Oniversitesi, Istanbul,) and entered the public service. When his father was sent to Tehran as ambassador, he accompanied him. In 1876 he was appointed secretary to the Ottoman embassy at Paris. During his two years and a half in this city he had a chance to pursue his literary interests. He later served again at Paris as well as the legation in London. He died 13 April 1937. AnaBrit; Master (1); Necatigil,1970; PTF II, pp. 481-84 Tarik, Omer, pseud., 1886-1978 see Wegner, Armin Theophil al-Tariki, 'Abd Allah ibn Hammud, born 19 March 1919 at Zilfi, Saudi Arabia, he received his early education in Kuwait and Cairo, and graduated from the University of Texas with a degree in petroleum engineering. After his return to Saudi Arabia, he was finance minister in the 1940s, and minister of petroleum from 1961 to 1962, when he lost the position due to his disagreements with the king over Saudi oil strategies and pro-Western policies. He was a founder of OPEC, an editor of Naft a/-fArab, and had lived in Cairo for more than ten years, when he died of a heart attack, 7 September 1997. IntWW, 1974-1978; MidE, 1978-1979; WRMEA 16 no. 4 (December 1997), p. 136

Taris, Etienne, born 19th cent., his writings include L'Automobile et les ermees modernes (Paris, 1908), and La Russie et ses richesses (Paris, 1912). NUC, pre-1956 Tarlan, Ali Nihad, born in 1898 at Constantinople, he studied French, Persian, and Turkish literatures and became a teacher at various schools. In 1921 he gained the first doctorate in literarture in Turkey and became a professor at Istanbul. His writings include Divan edebiyatlnda tevhidler (1936), Ali §ir Nevayi (1942), and Iran edebiyeti (1944). He died in 1978. AnaBrit; Necatigil, 1970; Note; Journal of Turkish studies 3 (1979), pp. 50-63

Tarle, Evgenii Viktorovich, born in 1874, he received an M.A. in history at Kiev in 1901 and started his career as a lecturer at St. Petersburg in 1903, becoming a professor at Dorpat (Tartu) in 1909. In 1918 he went back to teaching at Petrograd. He was awarded honorary doctorates at Paris and Praha. His writings include IpacjJ C. 10. Bumme (1927), and lOpOD pyccxot: cneeu, Ceeecmonons B 1854-1855 e.e. (1954). He died in 1955. The American Slavic and East European review 19 (1960), pp. 202-216; CasWL; NYT, 7 January 1955, p. 22, col. 2

Tarnanides, loannes Christou, born 17 February 1939 at Kozani, Greece, he studied theology and Slavic subjects at Beograd and became a professor at Thessaloniki. His writings include The Slavonic manuscripts discovered in 1975 at St. Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai (1988), nTuxt~ T'1~ XAaf3IKt~ Opeooo{la~ (1991), and XTaf36pG/a T'1~ MaKGoovla~ (1992). EVL, 1993/94, 1996/97 Tarnowski, Jan, born in 1488. After careful education beneath the eye of an excellent mother and subsequently at the palace of the Bishop of Przemysl, he occupied a conspicious position at court in the reigns of John Albert, Alexander, and Sigismund I. As early as 1509 he brilliantly distinguished himself in Moldavia. To complete his education he travelled in Palestine, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, and northern and western Europe. While in Portugal he received from King Emanuel the chief command in the war aganst the Moors, and Charles V rewarded his services in the Christian cause with the dignity of a count of the Empire. Indeed, the emperor had such a high regard for him that he offered him the leadership of all the forces of Europe in a grand expedition against the Turks. On the death of Nicholas Firlej in 1526 Tarnowski became grand hetman of the crown, or Polish commander-in-chief, and in that capacity won his greatest victory at Obertyn (22 August 1531) over the Moldavians, Turks and Tatars, for which he received a handsome subsidy. His military principles are set forth in hisConsilium rationis belttci» (1987), previous best edition, Posen, 1879. He died in 1561. Stanislaw Orzechowski wrote lywot i smierc Jana Tarnowskiego (1855), and W. Dworzaczek, Hetman Jan Tarnowski (1985). Dziekan; EncBrit.; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; NEP; Polski (31) Tarradell i Mateu, Miquel, born in 1920 at Barcelona, he studied law and liberal arts at Barcelona and gained a doctorate in 1949 at Madrid. He was from 1948 to 1956 a director of the Archaeological Service of Spanish Morocco and the Archaeological Museum, Tetuan, From 1956 to 1970 he was a professor at the Universidad de Valencia. His writings include EI paleolftico del Rio Martin (1951), Las actividades arqueol6gicas en el Protectorado espeno! en Marruecos (1953), Guia arqueol6gica del Marruecos espenol (1953), and Arte lberico (1968). Dicc bio de Tarrazi (Terrazi), Philippe, vicomte, born in 1856 at Beirut of well-to-do parents, he was a benefactor to the Beirut museum and a director of the library. His writings include a history of Arabic journalism, Ta'rikh a/-sihafah a/-'Arabiyah (1913-33). He died in 1956. Note Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Tarry, Harold, fl. 1882 at Ouargla, Algeria, he was a meteorologist whose writings include De la prediction du mouvement des tempets africaines et des oenoaes meteorologiques (Alger, 1873). Note Tarshunah (Tarchouna), Mahmud, born 8 December 1941, he was a professor of Arabic at the Universite de Tunis. His writings include Les Marginaux dans les recits picaresques arabes et espagnols (1982), a work which was originally submitted in 1980 as a doctoral thesis at Paris, and Mabahith fi a/-adab a/-Tunisiyah al-mu'asir (1989). LC Tartakovskii, Petr losifovich, born early 20th cent., his writings include ,[JMumpuu KeopuH (1963), Pyccne» n033Ufl u Bocmo«, 1800-1950; opum 6u6nuoapaepuu (1975), Ceem eeuepuut: waeppaHHoao «pe» (1981), and Couuensno-ecmemuuecsut: onum nepoooe Bocmoxe U n033UfI B. xneonuxoee, 1900-1910-eaoobl (1987). LC Tartary, Madeleine, born in 1903, her writings include Sur les traces de Napoleon (Paris, 1955).

NUC,

pre-1956

Tartler, Grete, born 20th cent., her writings, most of which were published in Bucuresti, include Chorale (1974), Astronomia ierbii, versuri (1981), Substitutuiri; versuri (1983), and Orient express; poems (Oxford, 1989). LC Tarverdiev, Ramazan Bakhshaly-ogly, 20th cent., his writings include Seunenue MUHaelfaypcKoao eoooxoeuumuue (Baku, 1974), and he edited PelfHble HaHOCbl 6acceuHa oseoe 5auKan (Novosibirsk, 1983). LC

Tarverdova, Ekaterina Astvatsaturovna, born 20 February 1934 at Moscow, he graduated in 1956 from the Faculty of History at Moscow State University and received her first degree in 1963 with a thesis entitled Pecnpocmpenenue ucneue e 3anaoHouAeppuKe, XI-XVI ee. Her writings include the nine-page pamphlet, Role of the Sanussites in monitoring caravan trade of peoples of Chad basin with the countries of North Africa in the second half of the nineteenth century (1967). LC; Miliband2

Tashbaeva, Takhira Khodzhievna, born 7 September 1938, she was affiliated with the Institute of History in the Uzbekistan Academy of Science. She was joint author of Hoeoe u mpaOULI,UOHHOe e 6blmy cenbcKou ceMbU y36eKoe (Tashkent, 1989). LC; Schoeberlein Tashkhodzhaev (Toshkhuzhaev), Sharil Sadykovich, 20th cent., his writings include Xyoo>KeCmeeHHaflnonueuen KepaMuKa CaMapKaHoa IX- neuene XIII ee. (Tashkent, 1967), and Y36eKucmoH aManuu6aouuu cen'semu (Toshkent, 1971). LC Taskin, Vsevolod Sergeevich, born 20 January 1917 in Chita Oblast, he edited and translated from the Chinese, Memepuenu no ucmopuu ooeenu»KOlfeeblX nepoooe epytuu» OyHXy (1984). Miliband2 Tassart, Charles Louis, born 19th cent., his writings include L'lndustrie de la teinture (Paris, 1890).

BN

Tastanov, Shafagat IUsupovich, fl. 1955, his writings include coeemcsua onum epopMupoeaHufi u peseumun UHmennUaeHLI,UU paHee omcmenux nepoooe (Alma Ata, 1975, and Kesexcse» coeemceen

unmennueeuuun (Alma Ata, 1982).

LC

Tatar, Magdolna, 20th cent., her writings include N6k a Mongol Nepkoztarsasagban (Budapest, 1978). Tatarintsev, Boris Isakovich, fl. 20th cent., his writings include Pyccsue nescuwecsue seuucmeoeenun e coepeuennov mveunckoi» fl3blKe (Kyzal, 1974), MOHaonbcKoe fl3blKoeoe enusnue Ha myeuHcKylO neKcuKy (Kyzyl, 1976), Cuucnoeue censu U omnoiuenus cnoe e myeunckov fl3blKe (Moscow, 1987), and he edited PyCCKUU fl3blK e Tyee (Kyzyl, 1985). Tate, George Passman, born in 1856, his writings include The Frontiers of Baluchistan; travels on the borders of Persia and Afghanistan (1909), Seistan (1910-12), and The Kingdom of Afghanistan (1911). NUC, pre-1956

Tatishchev (Tatistchef), Vasilii (Basil) Nikitich, born in 1686, he joined the Russian army where he trained in artillery and engineering. He participated in the northern wars. From 1741 to 1745 he was governor of Astrakhan province. He knew Tatar, which he had acquired while posted to the Urals, to Orenburg and to Astrakhan. He was well aware of the importance of Oriental studies to Russia. His writings include Ilyxoene» ... ouunenne» eb 1733 eoay CblHY (1773), Peseoeop 0 nonese HayK U yuumuu (1887), 036paHHble mpyabl no eeoepecpuu Poccuu (1950), and the translations, Testamentde Basile Tatistchef (1860), and The Testament of Basil Tatistchef (1860). He died in 1750. BiobibSOT; CasWL; GSE; Index Islamicus (1); Krachkovskii, p. 60; Master (2); TatarES

Tatlock, John Strong Perry, born in 1876 at Stamford, Conn., he was a medievalist and a professor of English. He graduated from Harvard where he also received a Ph.D. in 1903. He successively taught Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

491

at Stanford, Harvard, and the University of California at Berkeley. He died in 1948. Amlndex (4); DAB,

S4, pp. 819-20; Master (6); NatCAB, vol. 37, pp. 237-238; WhAm, 2

Tattersall, Creassey Edward Cecil, born in 1877 at London, he was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, and became a keeper of the Department of Textiles in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. His writings include The Carpets of Persia (1931), and he was joint author of Hand-woven carpets, Oriental and European (1922), and Fine carpets in the Victoria and Albert Museum (1924). He died in 1957. Who, 1943-1957; Who was who, 5 Tatubaev, Sadyrbek Sakenovich, fl. 1973, his writings include Ta(JHbl seyxe; Ol/epKU no dionemue» «esexceoeo neHUFI no cpeeneuuo c pel/bJO (Alma-Ata, 1978). OSK Tatubaev, Sail' Sadyrbekovich, he was joint author of Aneno-sesexcno-pycceut) cnoeeps; im» coeonet: iusonu (Alma-Ata, 1993). LC Taube, Erika nee Vieweg, born about 1930, she received a Dr.phil. in 1965 at Leipzig with a thesis entitled Folkloristischer und sachlicher Gehalt mongolischer Marchenstoffe. Her writings include Chrestomathie der mongolischen Literatur des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts (1972), and, with her husband Manfred Taube, she was joint author of Schamanen und Rhapsoden; die geistige Kultur der alten Mongolei (1983), and she edited Tuwinische Lieder (1980), and Turkologie heute; Materialien der 3. Deutschen Turkologen-Konferenz (1998). Taube, Manfred, born 11 March 1928, he gained doctorates in 1957 and 1965 at Leipzig and became a professor at the Institut fur Indologie und Zentralasienwissenschaft in the Universitat Leipzig. His writings include Tibetische Handschriften und Buchdrucke (1966). KOrschner, 1996,2001 Taubert, Karl, born early 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1967 from the Technische Hochschule Hannover with a thesis entitled Der Sahel von Sousse und seine Randlandschaft; naturgeographsiche Voraussetzungen und postkoloniale Entwicklung einer alten tunesischen Kulturlandsch a ft. Schwarz

Tauer, Felix, born in 1893 at Pilsen (Plzen), Austria-Hungary, he studied Oriental languages and history at Karls unlversitat, Prag, being one of the last great Czech Orientalists culturally rooted in the Habsburg monarchy. In 1945 he succeeded Alois Musil in the chair of Near and Middle Eastern history at Praha. His writings include Les manuscrits persans des biootneques de Stamboul (1932); he edited Histoire de la campagne du Sultan Suleyman 1er contre Belgrad en 1521 (1924), Nizam ai-Din Shami's Zafar-namah (1937-57); and he translated the Arabian nights into Czech entitled Kniha tisfce a jedne noci (1958), as well as German selections in 1966. He also contributed the section "Persian learned literature from its beginnings up to the end of the eighteenth century" to Jan Rypka's History of Iranian literature (1968). He died in Praha, 17 March 1981. IES; Islam 59 (1982), pp. 4-5; Index Islamicus (5); MalaCEnc; PSN; WhE&EA

Tautain, Louis Frederic, born in 1855, he received a medical doctorate in 1878 from the Universite de Paris. He was an ethnologist whose writings include Sur J'ethnologie et J'ethnographie des peuples du bassin du Senegal (Paris, 1885). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Tauxier, Hippolyte Henri, born 9 December 1828 at Villers-Cotterets (Aisne), he was educated at the t.ycee Louis-Ie-Grand, Paris. After some months spent at the Seminalre de Laon, he began to study law, but his family being impoverished after the 1848 revolution, he joined in 1851 a regiment of the Zouaves and served in Algeria and Europe until he reached retirement age in 1882. It is remarkable that he was also able to pursue an academic interest in writings about Normandie, Greece, and North Africa. He was an officier d'Academie, member of the Acadernie de Rouen, the Societe archeoloqique de Saint-Lo, the Societe historique alqerienne, and the Acadernle d'Hippone. He died 23 October 1896. Hommes et destins, vol. 2, pp. 707-708

Tavadia, Jehangir Cowasji, born in 1897, he received a Dr.phil. in 1930 from the Universitat Hamburg with a thesis entitled Sayast-ne-sayast, a Pahlavi text on religious customs. His writings include IndoIranian studies; a general account of Iranistic and other studies (Santiniketan, 1950), and Die mittelpersische Sprache und Literatur der Zarathustrier (Leipzig, 1956). Schwarz Tavakolian, Bahram Mehdi, born in 1945, he received a Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Economic and cultural factors in the migration of hamal/ar to Ankara, Turkey. In 1995 he was a professor at the Department of Sociology and Anthropology in Denison University, Granville, Ohio. MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995 Tavallali, Faridun (Fereydun), born in 1919 at Shiraz, he graduated in archaeology from Tehran University and became a staff member of the Department of Archaeology. Concurrently he pursued an interest in poetry. His writings include Liberaci6n; edicioon biJingae (Madrid, 1977). CasWL; DcOrL, vol. 3, p. 183; Iran who's who, 1976

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Tavani, Giuseppe, born 20th cent., he was a sometime professor of Romance languages at the Universita di Roma. His writings include Poesia africana di rivolta (Bari, 1969), /I mistilinguismo letterario romanzo tra XII e XVI secolo (1981), and he was a joint author of Diztoneno da literatura medieval galega e portuguesa (1993). LC; Wholtaly, 1980, 1983, 1986, 19871 Tavel, Ernest, born 2 February 1858 at La Bretonniere, Switzerland, he studied at Strar1burg, Basel and Berlin, where he received a medical doctorate. Since 1892 he was a professor of surgery at the Universitat Bern. Around the turn of the century he made a six-week tour of Morocco. He died on a train on his way from Geneve to Bellegarde, 6 Ocober 1913. BioJahr 18 (1913), p. 66*; DtBiind (2); Master (1) Tavernier, Jean Baptiste, born in 1605 at Paris, the son of a rich jeweller. Between 1636 and 1665 he paid six visits to the East. In 1644 he travelled from Baghdad to Isfahan in company with Pare Raphael du Mans. In his travel account, the first edition of which was published in Paris in 1676, he had much to say about Persia, much of it provided by his travel companion. He died suddenly in 1689 at Kebenhavn while again on his way to the East. DcBiPP; EncBrit; EncicUni; Encltaliana; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (9); Master (3)

ai-Tawil, Mustafa Aly, born about 1900 at al-Minyah, Egypt, he received a doctorate in 1926 from the Universitat Zurich with a thesis entitled Beitrag zur Verbreitung der Tuberkulose in Ober-A.gypten. Schwarz

Tawney, Charles Henry, born in 1837, he was educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was for many years a professor and president of the Presidency College, Calcutta. From 1893 to 1903 he was librarian of the India Office, London. He was a joint author of the Catalogue of two collections of Sankrit manuscripts preserved in the India Office Library (1903), and he was a translator of works from Sanskrit. He died in 1922. Buckland; Riddick; Who, 1903-1921; Who was who, 2 Tay, Hughes, fl. 1967, he was in 1970 a professor at the Faculte de droit in the Universite d'Abidjan. His writings include L'Administration ivoirienne (Paris, 1974). Note Tayebi, Keyumars, born 26 May 1935 at Abadeh-Shiraz, he was educated at Shiraz and went in 1959 to Germany where he studied agriculture, receiving a doctorate in 1967 at Stuttgart-Hohenheim for Die jahreszeit/ichen Veranderungen am Wasserhaushalt dreier Boden unter dem EinfluB verschiedener Kulturpflanzen. He was joint editor of Die fremden Deutschen, Aussiedler in der Bundesrepublik (1990). In 1973 he was a lecturer at the Faculty of Agriculture in Riza'iyah (Urmia), Iran. Note; Thesis Tayeh, Abdel-Karim, born 25 June 1929 at Tulkarm, Palestine. After graduation from the agricultural Qaduri School, Tulkarm, he served for eight years as a primary school teacher. From 1958 to 1962 he studied agronomy at the Universltat Bonn, where he received a doctorate in 1966 with a thesis entitled Die Organisation und Entwicklung der landlichen Warengenossenschaften in England nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg. He had also studied one semester at Berlin, and spent the summer of 1963 in the UK. He was in 1972 a director-general of an agricultural marketing organization. Note; NUC, 1968-72 Taylor, A. H. E., fl. 1897-1917, he was a writer on Serbia and the Eastern question who published The Future of the southern Slavs (London & New York, 1917). NUC, pre-1956 Taylor, Alan John Percivale, born in 1906 at Southport, Lancashire, he taught history at Oxford from 1938 to 1963 and was an honorary fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. His writings include The Habsburg monarchy, 1815-1918 (1941), its translation, Habsburska monarhija, 1809-1918 (Ljubljana, 1956), and From Napoleon to Stalin; comments on European history (1950). He died in 1990. Au&Wr, 1963,1971; ConAu 5-8; DNB; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977; Master (7); WhAm,10; WhE&EA; Who,1959-1990; Who was who, 8; WhoWor, 1974-1989/90; WrDr, 1976/78-1998/90

Taylor, Alan Ros, born 7 August 1926 at N.Y.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Georgetown University with a thesis entitled The American Protestant Mission and the awakening of modern Syria, 1820-1870. He was affiliated with AUB from 1964 to his death from cancer in 1992. His writings include Prelude to Israel (1959), L'Esprit sioniste (1977), and he was joint editor of Palestine; a search for truth (1970). ConAu 109, 139, new rev. 86; DrAS,1969H; Selim; Washington Post 11 August 1992, p. D 7, col. 1 Taylor, Anna Leila, fl. 1928, she was a resident of California and a veteran newspaper correspondent. She went to Syria to report on the progress of the revolution in 1925-27. Note Taylor, Archer, born 1 August 1890 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was a professor of German and medieval literature, as well as folklore, at various American universities from 1910 to 1957. His writings include The Proverb (1931), English riddles from oral tradition (1951), and A history of bibliographies of bibliographies (1955). He died in 1973. ConAu 107; Journal of American folklore 87 (1974), pp. 2-9; Master (1); Romance

philology 28 (1974), pp. 56-60; WhAm, 6 & 8

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Taylor, Bayard James, born 11 January 1825 at Kennett Square, Chester County, Pa., he was a printer by profession. He moved to New York City, began to write, and, in 1847, began his association with the New York Tribune. He travelled to the Middle East, was a professor of German literature, and, in 1878, US Minister to Germany. His writings include Travels in Greece and Russia (1859), Travels in Arabia (1872), and Travels in Cashmere, Little Tibet and Central Asia (1881). He died in Berlin on 19 December 1878. OAB; Embacher; Shavit; WhA, H Taylor, Edgar C., Jr., he received a Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of Michigan with a thesis entitled Education and nation building; a behavioral analysis of the political socialization of Tunisian Iycee students. In 1995 he was a faculty member at the School of Education in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. NatFacOr,1995; Selim3 Taylor, Frank, born early 20th cent., he gained a M.A. and Ph.D. and was a sometime librarian and keeper of manuscripts at the John Rylands Library, Manchester. BLC Taylor, Frank Sherwood, born in 1897 at Bickley, Kent, he was a graduate of Oxford and received a Ph.D. in 1931 at London. He successively was a teacher of, and lecturer in, chemistry until 1940 when he became curator of the Science Museum, Oxford. Since 1956 he was director of the Science Museum, South Kensington. His writings include The Century of science (1941), The Alchemists (1949), and An Illustrative history of science (1955). He died in 1956. ONB; Master (2); WhE&EA; Who was who, 5 Taylor, Frank William, born in 1887, his writings include A first grammar of the Adamawa dialect of the Fulani language (1921), A Fulani-Hausa phrase-book (1926), A Fulani-Hausa vocabulary (1927), Fulani-Hausa readings in the native script, with transliterations and translations (1929), and A FulaniEnglish dictionary (1932). NUC, pre-1956 Taylor, Frederick William, born 21 October 1933 at Cleveland, Ohio, he graduated from the University of Florida, received a M.A. in Near Eastern studies from the University of Michigan, and a law degree from New York University. For many years he was affiliated with the Arabian American Oil Company, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. WhoAm, 2000, 2001; WhoAmL, 1990-2000/2001; WhoWor, 1991/92-2000 Taylor, George Pritchard, Rev., fl. 1893-1933, he was a clergyman with the Irish Presbyterian Mission in India. His writings include The student's Gujarati grammar (Surat, Irish Presbyterian Mission Press, 1893), and A short life of Muhammad (1933), as well as articles on Indian numismatics. NUC, pre-1956 Taylor, Isaac, born in 1829 in Essex, he graduated in 1853 from Trinity College, Cambridge, and was ordained in 1857. He served in various parishes until precarious health compelled his retirement. He pleaded for a more tolerant comprehension of Islam and was critical of the methods of missionary societies. His chief interest lay in philological research, his pursuit of which gave him a wide reputation. He died in 1901. BiO&SB; Britlnd (6); ONB, S I; Master (3); Who was who, 3 Taylor, Joan du Plat, born early 20th cent., she was an archaeologist and variously affiliated with the Kypriakon Mouseion, Nicosia, and the London Institute of Archaeology. She was joint author of Motya, a Phoenician and Carthaginian city in Sicily; a report of the excavations (1974), and she edited Marine archaeology; developments during sixty years in the Mediterranean (1965). She died 21 May 1983.

ConAu 109

Taylor, John Bernard, born early 20th cent., he received an M.A. in 1964 from McGill University, Montreal, and in 1972, a Ph.D. with a thesis entitled Concepts of social morality in post-Ilkhani and preSafawi Iran. His writings include Thinking about Islam (1971). Ferahian Taylor, Marthe Bernus see Bernus-Taylor, Marthe Taylor, Philip M., born early 20th cent., he was from 1981 to 1992 successively a lecturer and senior lecturer in international history, and deputy director of the Institute of Communications in the University of Leeds. His writings include War and the media; propaganda and persuation in the Gulf War (1992), and he was joint author of British propaganda during the first World War (1982). LC Taylor, Thomas Griffith, born in 1880 at Walthamstow, Essex, he was an Antartic scientist and a professor of geography in the University of Toronto from 1935 to 1951 when he retired to Sydney where he died on 5 November 1963. His writings include Environment and nation (1936), and he edited Geography in the twentieth century (1951). Au&Wr, 1963; Canadian, vol. 5 (1949-51); Geographers 3 (1979), pp. 141-153; WhAm, 7; WhE&EA; WhNAA

Taylor, Walt, fl. 1933-1953, his writings include Arabic words in English (Oxford, 1933), Etymological list of Arabic words in English (Cairo, 1934), Doughty's English (Oxford, 1939), and English sonnets (London, 1947). NUC, pre-1956

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Taylor, William Cooke, born in 1800, he graduated in 1825 from Trinity College, Dublin, and settled in 1829 in London. He was an advocate for national education and free trade. His vast number of books include The History of Mohammedanism and its sects (1834), and its translation, Geschichte des Mahomedanismus und seiner Sekten (1837). He died in 1849. Britlnd (5); Concise DNB; DcBiPP; DNB; Master (2)

Taylor, William Robert, born 12 April 1882 at Port Dover, Ontario, he graduated in Oriental languages from the University of Toronto with the class of 1904. After studying theology at Knox College, Toronto, he was ordained a Presbyterian minister in 1910. The same year he obtained a doctorate from his alma mater with a thesis entitled The originality of the Hebrew text of Ben Sira in the light of the vocabulary and the versions, and was also appointed a professor of Old Testament in Westminster Hall, Vancouver, B.C. The winter of 1910-11 was spent at the Unlversitat Berlin. In 1914 he joined the Department of Oriental Languages in University College, Toronto, and the following year he succeeded to the chairmanship of the department, a post which he held until his death. His gifts of leadership were recognized by his appointment as principal of University College, Toronto, in 1945, a post which he also held until his death on 24 February 1951. Canadian,1948; Journal of Biblical literature 71 (1952), xix-xx Taymas, Abdullah Battal, born 1882 see Battal-Taymas, Abdullah M. Vamrk, he was in the 1940s affiliated with Yusek Ziraat EnstitOsO, Ankara, and in the 1960s with the Institut fur Landwirtschaft, Veterinarmedizin und Ernahrunq in the Universltat GieBen. His writings include Tarkiye yebent yulaflan (Ankara, 1941), and the booklet, Die sozialen Auswirkungen der gegenwartigen tarktschen Agrarpolitik (Darmstadt, 1972). TOrkiye biblioyografyasl, 1941 & 1944; ZKO TaY~I,

Tchaleklan, Paul, from Maras, Turkey, born 19th cent., he was a doctor of philosophy and theology who had studied at the Serninalre oriental Saint Francois Xavier in the Universite Saint-Joseph, Beirut. From 1907 to at least 1914 he was a missionary to the Armenians at Elbistan near Maras, Note Tchalenko, Georges, born early 20th cent., his writings include Villages antiques de la Syrie du nord (Paris, 1953-58), and Eglises syriennes a bema; texte (1990). LC Tcharykow, N. V., 1855-1930 see Charykov, Nikolai Valerievich Tcheraz (Ch'eraz), Minas, born in 1852, he was an editor of the journals, Armenia (London), and t'Armenie (Paris). His writings include Nouvelles orientales (1911), L'Orieni inedit (1912), and Poetes ermeniens (1913). He died in 1929. Arshak Alpoyachian wrote Minas Ch'eraz (1927). LC; Note Tchihatchef, Pierre de, 1808-1890 see Chikhachev, Petr Aleksandrovich Tchirkovitch, Stevan, b. 1898 see Cirkovic, Stevan Tchobanian, Archag, 1872-1954 see Chobanian, Arshag Tchokaev, Mustafa, 1890-1941 see Chokai-ogly, Mustafa Tchoka"i Ogly, Mustafa, 1890-1941 see Chokai-ogly, Mustafa Technau, Gerhard, born in 1910, he received a Dr.phil. in 1936 from the Unlversltat Berlin for Die Nasendrase der Vogel. From 1946 to his retirement in 1973 he was a biologist at Bayer A.G., Leverkusen. He collaborated with the W.H.O. Bilharzia Advisory Team in Mauritania in 1965; he was subsequently engaged in a Fayum project, supported by the German and Egypian governments. Note Tedeeva (T'edeevi), Ol'ga Georgievna, born 25 December 1921 at Tiflis, she graduated in 1943 from Tiflis State University and received her first degree in 1965 with a thesis entitled F/3b1K ocemUHCKUX nepeeoooe 0saHa F/naY3ua3e. She received a doctorate in 1975 at Tiflis for OllepKu no epysunceoocemUHCKUM fl3blKOSblM S3aUMcomHoweHUFIM. Her writings include F/3b1K nepeux ocemUHCKUX pyxonuct: (1985). Miliband 2 Tedeschi, E. C., born 19th cent., he was a journalist whose writings include Nella giovane Turchia (Roma, 1912), La Turchia in guerra (Milano, 1915), and "Virtu contra furore .. .." da Adrianopoli a Belgrado (Roma, 1915). Note about the author; NUC, pre-1956 Tedeschi, Guido (Gad), born 17 May 1907 at Rovigo, Italy, he studied law in Italy and became a professor of law. His writings include L'inalienabilita dotale (Roma, 1933), La divisione d'ascendente (Padova, 1936), Studies in Israel law (1960), and Studies in Israel private law (1966). IntAu&W, 1977;

Wholsrael, 1949, 1952, 1955, 1966/67, 1968, 1969170, 19721; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Tedeschi, Salvatore, born 4 January 1914 at Cairo, he graduated in law at Paris in 1935, and in political science and law at Roma in 1936 and 1937 respectively. He was one of the avocats-conseils in Egypt from 1950 to 1957, when he entered the diplomatic service of the Ministero degli Affari Esteri. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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From 1959 to 1971 he was posted to Ethiopia; he subsequently served in Australia. He died on 19 January 1995 or 96. Africa (Roma), 51 i (1996), pp. 95-98 de Tedesco, Angelo, fl. 19th cent., his writings include De la situation moneteire en Egypte (1858). BN

Tedesco, Paul Maximilian, born 5 May 1898 at Wien, he received a Dr.phil. in 1920 from the Universitat Wien with a thesis entitled Das iranische Partizipial Praeteritum. He taught at various schools at Wien until he was able to emigrate to the United States in 1938. He retired in 1966 from Yale University, New Haven, Conn., as a professor of Sanskrit and comparative philology. He died in 1980. BioHbDtE; DrAS, 1969F; Schwarz Tefik Bey, 19th cent. see Lapinski, Teofil Tehrani (Tihrani), Ahmad, born in 1927 at Kirman, he gained a law degree at Tehran, a degree in economics at LSE, and a Ph.D. in 1955 at St. Andrews with a thesis entitled Parliamentarygovernment and the Crown in Great Britain and Persia. He was a legal adviser to the National Iranian Oil Company and successively an attache at the Iranian embassies in Karachi, Washington and London. who, 1976; Sluglett

Iran who's

Teichman, Sir Eric, born in 1884, he graduated from Caius College, Cambridge, and since 1907 served successively in the Consular Service, Foreign Office, and Diplomatic Service, mainly in China. He had an unrivalled knowledge of the vast region lying between the confines of China proper, India, Persia and Siberia. In 1935 he returned to England and seized the opportunity to travel from Peking via Kansu, Kashgar and India. This invloved crossing the Himalayas in midwinter over the Gilgit Pass at a height of 15,000 feet. This feat, which ranks high in the annals of Asiatic travels, is described in Journey to Turkestan (1937). He died in 1944. DNB; JRCAS, 32(1945), pp. 5-7; Master (1); Who, 1929-1943; Who was who, 4

Teilhac, Ernest, born about 1900, he was affiliated with the Faculte de droit et des sciences economiques de Beyrouth. His writings include Evolutionjuridique des trusts et sa pottee (Paris, 1927), Les Fondements nouveaux de t'economie (Paris, 1932), Conditionstinencteresde la paix (Beyrouth, 1944), L'Etat otsreet a-t-if cinquante ans? (Beyrouth, 1951), Moyen-Orient (1957), L'Economie politique pour les Arabes (Paris, 1960), and Systemes et structures economiques (Paris, 1972). LC; Note Teissier, Henri Antoine Marie, born 21 July 1929 at Lyon, he was educated at the College [esuite de Montpellier, the Lycee de Rabat, the Sorbonne as well as at Aix-en-Provence and Cairo. From 1958 to 1988 he served in various capacities in Algeria. His writings include Eglise et islam; meditation sur I'existencechretienne en Algerie (1984), and La Mission de I'Eglise (1985). WhoFr, 1997/98-2000/2001

Teitelbaum, Joel Mathless, born in 1940, he was an anthropologist who received an M.A. in 1964 from Manchester University with a thesis entitled Aspects of the social organisation of Fellahin communities; a comparative study of Arab villages in the Middle East, and in 1969 also a Ph.D. for Lamta; leadership and social organisation of a Tunisian community. Master (1); Sluglett Teixeira da Mota, Avelino, died 1982 see Mota, Avelino Teixeira da Tekeli, i1han, born 6 November 1937 at izmir, he studied at the technical universities of Istanbul and Ankara, as well as the University of Pennsylvania. Since 1979 he was affiliated with Orta Dogu Teknik Oniversitesi, Ankara. He was joint author of 1929 dOnya bunrentnde TOrkiye'nin iktisadi politika araYI§Ian (1977), Dolmusun oykOsO (1981), Bahgeli Evleri oykOsO (1984), and Ege'deki sivif direni§ten kurtulus sevesl'n« qecerken Usek heyet-i merkeziyesi ve Ibrahim (Tahtakilig) Bey (1989). Kim kimdir, 1997/98,1999,2000

Tekin, $inasi, born early 20th, he was a student of Annemarie von Gabain at the Universitat Hamburg where he received a Dr.phil. in 1958 with a thesis entitled Das neunte und zehnte Kapitel des Altun yaruk, a work which was published in 1960 entitled Die Kapitel Ober die BewuBtseins/ehre im uigurischen Goldglanzsutra (1971). For a number of years he was active at Mainz, Germany. In 1995 he was affilitated with the Department of Near Eastern Languages at Harvard. His writings include Buddhistische Uigurica aus der YOan-Zeit (1980), and Eski TOrklerde yez; kagit, kitap ve kagit damyaIan (1993). LC; MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr,1995; Private; Schwarz Tekin, Talat, born in 1927, he was a Turkish linguist whose writings include A grammar of Okhon Turkic, a work which was originally presented in 1965 as a Ph.D. thesis at UCLA, Tuna BulgarIan (1987), XI. YOzy11 TOrk §iiri (1989), and Japonca ve Altay dilleri (1993). LC Tekinalp, Munis, born originally Moiz, son of Ishak Cohen, in 1883 at Serres. After the first World War, he officially assumed the name of Munis Tekinalp, having formerly published under his pen-name Tekin Alp. His writings include Turkismus und PantOrkismus (1915), TOrkle§dirme (1928), Le Kemalisme(1937).Hediedin1961.LC; Zurcher Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Tekinay, Selahaddin Sulhi, born 23 July 1923 at Antalya, Turkey, he became a professor of privat law at Istanbul Oniversitesi. His writings include Clam sebebile desteken yoksun kalma tezmlnett (1963), and Bory/ar hukuku (1971). Kim kimdir, 1997/98, 19991 Tekoah, Yosef, born 4 March 1925, he received a law degree at Shanghai and an M.A. in 1948 from Harvard. He was affiliated with the United Nations and subsequently became an Israeli government official whose writings include In the face of the nations; Israel's struggle for peace (1976). IntWW, 1974/75-1978/79; Master (2); WhoGov, 1972/73; WhoUN, 1975; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972

Telegdi, Zsigmond, born 19 December 1909 at Enying, Hungary, he studied at the National Institute for Rabbinical Studies, Budapest, and at the universities of Budapest, Breslau, and Paris, completing his formal education in 1933 with a doctorate from the EOtvOs Lorand University, Budapest, with his thesis entitled A talmudi irodalom trent kolcsonczavainak hangtana. Thereafter he was successively a research assistant to J. Nemeth, and a department head at the National Library until 1952, when he was appointed a professor of linguistics, including Turkish and Persian, at his alma mater. He died on 5 March 1994. Acta orientalia Academiae scientiarum hungaricae 47 (1994), pp. 197-199 & 48 (1995), pp. 9-14; BioB134; MagyarNKK, 1992, 1994

Teleki, Pal (Paul), Grof, born 1 November 1879, he was a geographer and ethnographer who taught at Budapest University. He became foreign minister in 1920, minister of education in 1938, and prime minister in 1938. His writings include The Evolution of Hungary and its place in European history (1923). He committed suicide on 3 April 1941. CurBio, 1941; Geographical review 30 (1940), p. 684; Master (3); NYT, 4 April 1941, p. 1, col. 3, p. 3, cols. 4-6; Who's who in Central and East-Europe, 1933/34

Temir, Ahmet, born in 1912, he received a Dr.phil. in 1943 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Die Konjunktionen und Satzeinleitungen im Alt- TOrkischen, and a Dr.habil. in 1953 at Hamburg for Die arabisch-mongolische Stiftungsurkunde von 1272 des Emir Nur aI-Din Caca von KIf§ehir. He was affiliated with Ankara Oniversitesi from 1961 to 1975. In 1962 he was appointed a professor. His writings include the translation, Mogol/ann gizli tarihi (1948). LC; TatarES Temirkhanov, Lutfi, fl. 20th cent., his writings include Xa3apeUl/bl; Ol/epK noeoa ucmopuu (Moscow, 1972), Xa3apeUl/bl; ovep« noeoa u noeociuea ucmopuu (Dushanbe, 1978), and Bocmounue nywmYHbl a noeoe apeMR (Moscow, 1984). LC Marchioness of Tempest, Frances Anne Emily Vane, 1800-1865 see Londonderry, Frances Anne Emily Vane Tempest Temple, Sir Grenville, born in 1799, he was a soldier who rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. His writings include Excursions in the Mediterranean; Algiers and Tunis (1835), and Travels in Greece and Turkey (1836). He died in 1847. Britlnd (1); NUC, pre-1956 Temple, Henry John, 1784-1865 see Palmerston, Henry John Temple, viscount Temple, Sir Richard, born 1826, he was educated at Rugby and the East India Company's college at Haileybury. He had an administrative career in India from 1847 to 1880. His writings include India in 1880 (1880), and Journals kept in Hyderabad, Kashmir, Sikkim, and Nepal (1887). He died in 1902. Buckland; ONB; Mason; Riddick; Who was who, 1

Temple, Sir Richard Carnac, born in 1850 at Allahabad, India, he was educated at Harrow and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He joined the army in 1871 and served in the Afghan Campaign, 1878-79. His writings include A Dissertation on the proper names of Panjabls (1883), and The Legends of the Panjab (1884-90). He died in 1931. Buckland; ONB; Master (2); Riddick; WhE&EA; Who was who, 3 Tenekides, Cyriaque Georges, born in 1878 at Smyrna, he received a classical education in his home town and then studied law at Aix-en-Pprovence and Paris where he received a doctorate for Defense en matiere criminel/e. He returned to Smyrna to practise law. After the first World War he secretly went to Paris with a memoir on the persecutions of the Greek population in Asia Minor, a report which the Greek delegation to the Paris Peace Conference later made public under the title "Protestations et appel a t'numeniie civtltsee" He later became an official member of the Greek delegation and was instrumental in drafting the Treaty of Sevres of 10 August 1920. For the duration of the provisional government of western Asia Minor, 1919-1922, he served as legal counsellor of the Greek administration. After the exchange of populations, he was since 1923 a jurisconsult at the Greek ministry of foreign affairs in Athens. He also served at the League of Nations as well as in the Cour Permanente de Justice International. He died in 1947. Revue g{merale de droitintemational public 51 (1947), pp. 353-56 Teniers, Alfred, pseud., 1830-1889 see Herzl, Siegmund A. H. Tenishev, Edgem Rakhimovich, born 24 April 1921 at Penza, Russia, he graduated in 1949 from the Oriental Faclty, Leningrad, and received his first degree in 1953 with a thesis entitled rpaMMamu-

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lIeCKulJ oueo« opeaHeylJaypcKoao fl3blKa no COllUHeHUIO «Sonomoii-tinec«.» In 1969, he gained a doctorate for CmpolJ cenepcsoeo fl3blKa, a work which was published in 1976. He was successively affiliated with the Leningrad State University and the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include rpaMMamuKa mypeusoeo fl3blKa (in Chinese, Peking, 1959), CmpolJcapbla-ylJaypcKoao fl3blKa (1976), and YlJaypcKulJ ouenexmnui) onoeens (1990). Miliband; Miliband 2 ; Schoeberlein; TatarES Tennant, James, born in 1808 at Upton, near Southwell, Notts., he taught geological mineralogy at King's College, London, from 1838 to his death in 1881. In 1852 he superintended the recutting of the Koh-i Nur diamond. Boase; Britlnd (5); DNB Tennent, Sir James Emerson, born in 1804 at Belfast, he was a traveller, politician, and M.P. His writings include The History of modern Greece (1830), Belgium (1841), and Ceylon (1859). He died in London in 1869. DcBiPP; DNB; Master (2); NewC Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, 1st baron, born in 1809, he was an Enlish poet who was educated at Louth Grammar School, at home, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, without taking a degree. He died in 1892. BbD; BiD&SB; DLB 32 (1984), pp. 262-282; DNB; EncBrit.; Hoefer; Master (37) Tennyson, Hallam, born in 1852, he was a son of Alfred Lord Tennyson, 1809-1892, and wrote a biography of his father. He died in 1928. BiD&SB; Master (3) Tennyson, Lionel, born in March 1854, he died in April 1886 in the Red Sea en route from India.

Note

about the author

Tepa, Franciszek, born 17 September 1828 at Lemberg (Lwow), Galicia, he studied art at Wien and MOnchen. He was the first Polish painter of Oriental subjects. From 1855 to 1857 he travelled in the Levant and Egypt. He died in Lemberg in 1889. Dziekan; NEP; Polski (11) Teper, lI'ia Naumovich, born in 1893 at Odessa, he studied at Paris before the first World War and graduated in 1922 from the Agricultural Institute, Odessa. He was from 1922 to 1927 a political activist, first in Palestine and then Syria. He was later affiliated with the Oriental Institute, the Communist University for Workers from the Orient, and the International Agrarian Institute, Moscow. He died 10 June 1942. Miliband 2 Tepliashina, Tamara Ivanovna, born 20th cent., her writings include naMflmHuKu yOMypmcKolJ nucusennocmu xvtu eee« (1965), R3blK 6ecepMflH (1970), and AHmponoHuMuliecKue uooenu nepMCKUX nsueoe (1978). NUC, 1968-72 Teplinskii, Leonid Borisovich, 20th cent., his writings include Coeemcso-eipeencrue omuoiuenun, 1919-1960; KpamKulJ oueo« (1961), 50 nem coeemcxo-eaeencxux omnouienuti, 1919-1969 (1971), Tel Aviv fails in Africa (1975), CCCP U Atpeenucmen, 1919-1981 (1982), and Mcmopufl coeemcsoacjJaaHcKux omnoiuenuil, 1919-1987 (1988). LC Teplov, Leonid Fedorovich, born in 1909 in Kuibyshev Oblast, Russia, he graduated in 1938 and received his first degree in 1950 at Moscow for 5IOo>Kem; Memoobl cjJuHaHcupoaaHufi Anenuec emopoii MupoaolJ aolJHbl. He joined the diplomatic service in 1941. He was ambassador to the Sudan, 1956-1961, and to Ethiopia, 1965-1969. In 1975 he was appointed a lecturer. His writings include (/)uHacbl U «peoum CyoaHa (1962), BHewHfIfi nonumuke CyoaHa (1963), and Ilunnouem u «oncyn (1965). Miliband 2 ; WhoWor, 1971/72-1974/75 Teply, Karl, born 17 January 1923 at Wien, he was a professor of history at a secondary school in Wien. His writings include Die kaiserliche GruBbotschaft an Sultan Murad IV., 1628 (Wien, 197-?), and TOrkische Sagen und Legenden um die Kaiserstadt Wien (1980). He died in 1991. KOrschner, 1983-1992 Tepper, Elliot Landis, born 20th cent., he was a graduate of the University of Michigan, and received his Ph.D. in 1970 from Duke University. Thereafter he was a professor at the Department of Political Science in Carleton University, Ottawa. His writings include Changing patterns in administration in rural East Pakistan (1966). DrASCan, 1978, 1983; Private Ter-Ghevondlan (Ter-Gevondian), Aram Naapetovich, born 24 July 1928 at Cairo, he graduated in 1954 from the Philological Faculty, State University, Erevan, and received his first degree in history in 1959. Since his graduation he was affiliated with the Institute of History, Armenian Academy of Science. His writings include The Arab emirates in Bagratid Armenia (Lisboa, 1976), and ApMeHfI u Apa6cKulJ xenudsem (1977). Miliband 2 Ter-Mkrtichian, Loretta Khristoforovna, born 15 November 1921 at Erevan, she graduated in 1944 from the Faculty of History, Moscow State University, and received her first degree in 1948 for Haoupwax u ApMeHufi. From 1951 to 1957 she was successively affiliated with the A.M. Gorki Library, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Moscow State University, and the periodical Bonpocu ucmopuu. Thereafter she became a research fellow at the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include ApMeHuR noD enecmuo Haoup-wax (1963), ApMRHe a cmpenex Apa6cKoao Bocmoxe (1965), and ApMRHcKue ucm04HUKU 0 CpeoHeu A3UUVIII-XVlllaa. (1985). Miliband2 al-Teraifi, al-Agab Ahmed, born 20th cent., he received an M.A. in 1970 at Birmingham for The international legal aspects of the boundaries of the Sudan with Ethiopia and Kenya, and a Ph.D. in 1978 from the University of Pittsburgh for Administrative reform in the Sudan, with special reference to personnel aspects. He was successively a lecturer and director, Centre for Local Government Studies, Institute of Public Adminsitration, Khartoum. He later served as a professor of public administration and director-general, Council for Studies on Regionalism in the University of Khartoum. LC; Note; Selim3 ; Sluglett

Tercier, Jean Pierre, born of Swiss parents on 7 October 1704 at Paris, he was educated at the College Mazarin and then studied law. He entered the service of the Marquis de Monti, the French ambassador to Poland, as a secretary and arrived in July 1729 in Warszawa where he soon became entangled in the vicissitudes of the Polish war of succession. Upon his return to France, he was raised to nobility on 2 June 1749 and nominated premier commis at the Minlstere des affaires etranqeres, and royal censor. He spent his final years as a private scholar, studying in particular Arabic, Polish, and German. He died in Paris in 1867. Hoefer; IndBFr2 (1) Terenozhkin, Aleksei Ivanovich, born in 1907, he was an archeologist whose writings include npeoCKUcjJCKUU nepuoo Ha ,aHenpoacKoM npaa06epe>Kbe (Kiev, 1961), KUMMepuiJu,b/ (Kiev 1976), and he edited ,apeaHocmu Cmennoti CKUcjJUU (Kiev, 1982). He died in 1981. LC Terent'ev, Mikhail Afrikanovich, born in 1837, he was an Orientalist and a soldier who rose to the rank of major-general. His writings include Poccls u AHaniR a 60pb6e se Pb/HKU (1876), its translation, Russia and England in Central Asia (1876), and Heueno peaanlOu,iu a Pocciu (1906). He died about 1909. BiobiSOT; EnSlovar; NYPL Teres Sadaba, Elias, born 26 October 1915 at Funes (Navarra), he was a professor of Arabic literature at the Universidad de Madrid. His writings include Materiales para el estudio de la toponimia nisoenoerebe (1986). He died 10 July 1983. Awraq, 5-6 (1982-83), pp. 302-303; 1.1. (2); WhoSpain, 1963 Tereshchenko, Aleksandr Vlas'evich, born in 1806, he was an ethnographer and archeologist who studied the social life and customs in Russia as well as the history of the nomads of the Black Sea steppes. His writings include 5b/mb pyccxeeo Hapooa (1848). He died in 1865. Great Soviet encyclopedia; EnSlovar

Terjung, Werner Heinrich, born 27 February 1931 at MOhlheim, Germany, he received a Ph.D. in 1966 at U.C.L.A. with a thesis entitled Physiological climates of Africa. Since 1966 he was a professor of climatology at U.C.L.A. Master (1); WhoWest, 1987/88 de Termes, M. J., he was from 1941 to 1952 a director of the insurance company Royal Exchange, Cairo, and a member of the Societe Fouad ler d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. Terrasse, Henri, born 8 August 1895 at Vrigny (Loiret), he was educated at the Lycee d'Orleans and, after serving in the first World War, at l'Ecole Normale Superieure, 1919-1921. He was a specialist of medieval culture, particularly Byzantine art. Under the influence of one of his former high school professors, who had become director-general of public instruction in Morocco, his interest turned towards the decorative arts of Morocco and the Moorish art of Spain. After serving from 1921 to 1923 as a professor of history at the College de Rabat, he was appointed directeur o'etuaes d'archeologie musulmane at the Institut des Hautes etudes marocaines, a post which he held until 1957. He then spent eight years at Madrid before retiring to Paris in 1965. In 1953 he was elected a member of the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. His writings include L'Art hispano-mauresques des origines au Xllle siecte (1932), Histoire du Maroc des origines a t'etsolissement du Protectorat trencels (1949-50), and the translation, History of Morocco (1952). He died while travelling in the Alps in 1971. Hommes et destins 7, pp. 453-55; Index Is/amicus (4)

Terrasse, Michel, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1979 from the Universite de Paris IV for L'Architecture ntsoeno-meqnrebtne et la naissance d'un nouvel art marocain a I'age des Merinides.

THESAM,1

Terrazi, Philippe, 1865-1956 see Tarrazi, Philippe Terrell, Alexander Watkins, born in 1827 or 29 in Patrick County, Va., he graduated from the University of Missouri and was admitted to the bar in 1849. He rapidly achieved distinction as a lawyer. From

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1893 to 1897 he filled the post of U.S. minister to Turkey. He died in Austin, Tex., 9 September 1912. Master (1); NatCAB, vol. 5, p. 555; WhAm, 1

Terrier, Auguste, born in 1873, he was since 1890 active in the Comite de l'Afrique francalse. His writings include L'Expansion trenceise et la formation territoriale (1910), Le Maroc (1931), and he was joint author of Les Colonies trenceises (1902), and Pour reussir au Maroc (1912). He died in 1932. L'Asie franyaise 32 (1932), p. 162; BN

Terrier, Pierre, born in the 19th cent., he was a colonel and military attache. He served in both world wars and was for many years an administrator both in the Levant and in Algeria. He is particularly remembered for his service to Kurdistan. He left few non-official communications, but all of it remains at the Centre des Hautes Etudes d'Administration Musulmane, Paris, with which he was associated for a long time. He died in Suez, about 1948. L'Afrique et rAsie, 3e trimestre, 1948, p. 65 Terrill, Ross Gladwin, born 22 August 1938 at Melbourne, he graduated from the· University of Melbourne and gained a Ph.D. in 1970 at Harvard. In 1974 he was appointed a professor of government at Harvard. His writings include 800,000,000; the real China (1972), and Mao (1980). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 25-28, new rev., 35; IntAu&W, 1982, 1989; Master (2); WhoAm, 1974/75-1988/89

Terrill, William Adolph, born in 1916, he received a Ph.D. in 1949 from the University of Illinois at Urbana, for Depreciation problems related to the controversy over restoration of fixed assets. He was joint author of Cost accounting for management (1965). LC Terrosu Asole, Angela, 20th cent., her writings include Cagliari; richerche di geografia urbana (Sassari, 1959), Sardegna (1963), and Le sedi umane medioevali nella Curatore di Gippe (Firenze, 1975). Terry, Janice Joles, born 29 March 1942 at Cleveland, Ohio, she studied at AUB and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from SOAS for Sir Reginald Wingate as high commissioner in Egypt, 1917-1919. In 1980 she was appointed a professor at the Department of History and Philosophy, Eastern Michigan University, a post which she still held in 2001. Her writings include The Wafd, 1919-1952 (1982), and she was joint editor of The Arab world; from nationalism to revolution (1971). Directory of BRISMES members, 1993; DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2001; Sluglett

Terz, Panos, born 20th cent., he obtained a Dr.jur. and was in 1978 a lecturer at Karl-Marx-Universitat, Chemnitz. His writings include Die Normbildungstheorie; eine volkerrechtsphilosophische Studie (1985). LC Terzaghi, Karl Anton, born 2 October 1883 at Praha, he studied engineering and geology at Graz where he graduated in 1905. He subsequently was employed as an engineer in Austria, Hungary, and Croatia. In 1910 he went to the U.S.A. to complete his formal study with a doctorate. From 1916 to 1918 he served as a professor at the Ecole superieure d'tnqenieurs (Muhendis Mektebi), and from 1918 to 1925 at Robert College, Constantinople. He was a professor at Wien since 1929 but, for political reason, did not return from a visiting lectureship in 1938 and emigrated to the U.S.A. where he served as a professor until 1956. He died in Cambridge, Mass., on 25 October 1963. DtBE; BioHbDtE; KUrschner, 1931,1935; MalaCEnc

Tesauro, Giuseppe, born 21 June 1898 at Avellino, Italy, he was a gynaecologist and successively a professor at Sassari, Messina, and Napoli. He was awarded a gold medal for merits in public health. Since 1958 he was affiliated with the World Health Organization. His writings include L'inquinamento marino nel diritto internazionale (Milano, 1971), and Nazionalizzazioni e diritto internazionale (Napoli, 1976). In 1962 he was honoured by Scritti in onore del Professore Giuseppe Tesauro nel XXV anno del suo insegnamento.

Chie,1957, 1961; IntWW,1974175-1981/82; Wholtaly, 1958, 1980; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79

von Tesco, Peter M6ricz, born 19th cent., he was in 1908 head of the Austrian consulate-general in Trebizond, Turkey. Note

Tesdell, Loren Elmer born about 1925, he conducted research in Iraq and Jordan in 1954 and 1955 under a Ford Foundation grant, and made return visits to both countries in 1960. He received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Stanford University for The administration of technical assistance in Iraq and Jordan. From 1960 to 1961 he was a research fellow of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard. MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; Note; Selim

Tesllc, Vladimir (Vlado), born 22 March 1922 at Stara Moravica, Serbia, he was since 1953 a journalist. His writings include Kineska revolucija i Moskva (Beograd, 1953). Ko je ko; JugoslSa de Tessan, Francois, born 16 February 1883 at Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouet (Manche), he was a depute, minister, vice-president of the Commission des Affaires etranqeres, and delegate to the League of Nations. His writings include Dans I'Asie qui s'eveille (1922), and Le President Hoover et la politique emenceine (1931). IndexBFr2 (1); Qui est-ce, 1934; NUC, pre-1956 de Tessan, Louis Urbain Dortet, 1804-1879

see

Dortet de l'Esplqarte de Tessan, Louis Urbain

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Tessler, Mark Arnold, born 25 July 1941 at Youngstown, Ohio, he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, with a thesis entitled The nature of modernity in a transnational society; the case of Tunisia. Since 1977 he was a chairman of the Department of Political Science, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. His writings include Arabs in Israel (1980), and he was joint author of Arab oil (1976). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu, 45-48, new rev., 1, 16,37; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr,1995; Selim

Testa, Emilius Franciscus Eliodorus, 19th cent., his writings include Notice statistique et commerciale sur la Reqence de Tripoli de Barbarie (La Haye, 1856). NUC, pre-1956; Sezgin Testarode, Eugene Paul, capitaine, born 19th cent., his writings include Aper9u historique sur les armes a feu (Paris, 1860), and he translated from the English of Sir Patrick L. MacDougall, Les Campagnes d'Annibal (1865). His trace is lost after a publication in 1870. BN Tetzlaff, Rainer, born 5 October 1940 at Bad Salzbrunn, Silesia, he was a sometime professor at the Institut fur Politische Wissenschaften in the Universltat Hamburg. He was joint editor of Der Sudan; Probleme und Perspektiven (1980). KOrschner, 1996,2001 Tetzner, Joachim Hermann, born 23 May 1928 at AltenburglThOringen, he was a prisoner of war, before he graduated in 1946 from high school ar Glauchau, Saxony. He studied history and Russian at Rostock and Halle, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1954 from Humboldt Universltat, Berlin, for Heinrich Wilhelm Ludolf, Kenner des petrinischen Ruf3lands und des Vorderen Orients. In 1952 he became a researcher in the Institut fur Geschichte der UdSSR, Berlin. Thesis Teufel, Franz Ludwig, born 5 February 1848 at Donaueschingen, Black Forest, he studied classical philology and in 1872 received a Dr.phil. at Freiburg im Breisgau for De Catulli, Tibulli propertii vocibus. He subsequently became an assistant at his Universitatsbibliothek. He later was invited by his professor, W. Brambach, to join the Hof- und Landesbibliothek, Karlsruhe. Early in life he had lost his father and became the sole supporter for his mother and sister. Trying also to live up to his idol, Dozy, he succumbed to the physical and mental pressures and died from a stroke, 19 April 1884. DtBiind (2); ZDMG 38 (1884), pp. 377-381

Teufel, Johann Karl, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1962 from the Universltat Basel for Eine Lebensbeschreibung des Scheichs 'AI-i Hamdani; die "xuleset ul-manaqib" des Maulana Nur ud-din Ca'ter-i Badaxsi. Schwarz von Teufenstein, Carl Johann Ludwig, born 12 February 1844 at Wien, he was a sometime consul of Austria-Hungary to Silesia. Wer ist's, 1909 Tevetoqlu, Cihad Fethi, born 31 January 1916, he was a medical doctor, a diplomat, and a member of the Turkish Senate as well as the executive committee of the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League. His writings include A9/kllyorum (1965), and AtatOrk'le Samsun'a 9/kanlar (1971). IntYB, 1978-82; Kim kimdir, 1985/86, 1997/98; WhoWor, 1971/72-1974/75

Tevfik, Riza, 1869-1949 see Rrza Tevfik Bolukbas: Tevfik Fikret, Mehmed, born in 1867 at Constantinople, he was a poet of the Servet-i fOnun school, as well as a painter. He died in Constantinople, 19 August 1915. Sabiha Z. Sertel, and Mehmed Bayrak wrote biographies in 1946 and 1973 respectively. Cassell's Encyclopaedia of world literature; Dictionary of Oriental literatures; E12; EIS; Meydan; PTF, v. 2

Tewari, Laxmi Ganesh, born in 1938, she received a Ph.D. in 1974 from Wesleyan University for Folk music of India. In 2001 she was a professor of music and theatre at Sonoma State University, Calif. Her writings include A splendor of worship; women's fasts, rituals, stories & art (1991), and works in Hindi. LC Tewfik, Magdy, born in 1944, she received a doctorate in 1976 at Lunds Universitet with a thesis entitled Aspects of regional planning & rural development affected by factors of physical environment; dust storms ... affecting the eastern Sudan. LC Texier, Charles Felix Marie, born 29 August 1802 at Versailles, he was an archaeologist, architectural draftsman, and explorer. His writings include Description de l'Armenie, la Perse et la Mesopotamie (1842-52), and he was joint author of L'Architecture byzantine (1864), and the translation, Byzantine architecture (1864). He died in 1871. BiD&SB; Embacher; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (2); Vapereau Teyssier, Paul Jean, born 12 December 1915 at Argentan (Orne), he was from 1941 to 1947 a director of the Institut francais de Porto, Lisboa, and from 1958 to 1961 he served as a cultural counsel Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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at the French embassy in Tunis. His writings include Histoire de la langue porlugaise (1980). WhoFr, 1983/84-1995/961

Teza, Emilio, born in 1831 at Venezia, he studied philology at the Universitat Wien and in 1860 was appointed a professor of comparative literature at the Universlta di Bologna. He later served as a professor of Sanskrit first at Pisa and then at Padova, where he died in 1912. His writings include Dantiana (1903), and an Italian translation of Kalilah wa-Dimnah. IndBI (6) Tezcan, Semih, born early 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1974 at GOttingen for Das uigurische Insadi-Sutra. In 1993 and 2001 he was a lecturer in Turkish at the Universltat Bamberg. He was joint author of Worlerbuch des Chaladsch (1980), and he was joint editor of Belak Bitig; Sprachstudien far Gerhard Doetfer(1995). EURAMES,1993; Kurschner, 1996,2001; Schwarz Thacher, Amos Bateman, born in 1882 at Albany, N.Y., he was an authority on Oriental rugs. His writings include Turkoman rugs; an illustrative monograph on the rugs woven by the Turkoman tribes of Central Asia (c1940, 1977). He died in Garden City, N.Y. in 1946. DcNAA Thacker, Thomas William, born in 1911, he was from 1945 to 1977 a professor of Oriental languages at the University of Durham. He died in 1984. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 113; Egyptology; Master (1); Who, 1968-1984; Who was who, 8

Thackeray, Sir Edward Talbot, born in 1836, he was educated at Marlborough and the Honourable East India Company's Military College at Addiscombe. He entered the Royal Engineers in 1854 and served throughout the Indian Mutiny and the Afghan War, 1878-79. He retired with the rank of colonel in 1888. His writings include Biographical notices of officers of the Royal (Bengal) Engineers (1900), and Reminiscences of the Indian Mutiny and Afghanistan (1916). He died in 1927. Buckland; Riddick; Who,1909; Who was who, 2

Thackston, Wheeler Mcintosh, born 25 September 1944 at Greenville, S.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1974 at Harvard for The poetry of Abt1-Talib Kalim. He was from 1995 to 2001 a professor at the Department of Near Eastern Languages, Harvard. His writings include An introduction to Persian (1978), and he was joint translator from the Persian of Khwaja 'Abd Allah Ansari, The Book of wisdom; Intimate conversations (1979). MESA Roster of members, 1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2001; Schoeberlein Thaer, Clemens Adolf, born 8 December 1883 at Berlin, he studied mathematics at Jena and Greifswald and received a Dr.phil. in 1906 at Gier1en for Ober Varianten, and a Dr.habil. in 1909 at Leipzig for Eine Ausdehnung der galoischen Theorie auf algebraische Gleichungen. His writings include Die Elemente von Euklid nach Heibergs Text aus dem Griechischen Obersetzt (1933-37). He died 2 January 1974. Kurschner, 1950-1970; Wer ist's, 1935 Thaiss, Gustav Edward, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Washington University, St. Louis, with a thesis entitled Religious symbolism and social change; the drama of Husain. He was a professor of anthropology, and chairman of department, at York University, North York, Ont., certainly from 1982 to 1995. MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1995-2001; Selim Thakur, Ramesh Chandra, born 23 November 1948 at Sitamarhi, Bihar, he received a Ph.D. in 1978 from Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., with a thesis entitled Canada, India, and the Vietnam war, a work which was published in 1984 entitled Peacekeeping in Vietnam. In 1980 he became a professor at the Department of Political Studies, University of Otago, New Zealand, a post which he still held in 1991. His writings include International peacekeeping in Lebanon (1987). Private; WhoWor, 1993/94 Thaler, Donald, born early 20th cent., he was in 1965 an American Friends of the Middle East representative in Beirut. Note Thalhammer, Ingeborg, born 20th cent., her writings include Die Liedkategorien der Ozbeken Nordwestafghanistans (Wien, 1984). Tharaud, Jean Charles, born 9 May 1877 at Saint-Junien (Haute-Vienne), he died unexpectedly in hospital in Paris on 6 April 1952; he was the younger of two brothers see Tharaud, JerOme Ernest Tharaud, Jerome Ernest, born 11 May 1874 at Saint-Junien (Haute-Vienne), he was the elder of two brothers, Jerome and Jean, both members of the Academie Franc;aise, whose lifelong literary partnership was in many ways the most remarkable ever known. They were educated at the College Barbe and the Ecole normale superieure, Paris. Theirs was a unique collaboration. They could not be separated in life or in literature - living in the same house, travelling together, using the first person singular in their books. Their ideas and styles were so united that it was impossible to distinguish where in a book one had left off and the other begun. Their writings include Le Chemin de Damas (1913), and Les Cavaliers d'Allah (1935). Jerome died 28 January 1953. Master (6); ObitT, 1951 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Thausing, Gertrud, born 29 December 1905 at Wien, she received a Dr.phil. in 1930 from the Universitat with a thesis entitled Die Geutursten in A egyp ten, and a Dr.habil. in 1943 for Der Auferstehungs-gedanke in agyptischen religiosen Texten. She was a professor, and chairman, Institut fur Aegyptologie und Afrikanistik, Unlversitat Wien. Her writings include Sein und Werden (1971). KUrschner,1970-2001; Note; Unesco; WhoAustria, 1957/58-1982/83

Thayer, Gordon Woods, born 5 April 1887 at Cincinnati, Ohio, he graduated in 1906 from Harvard where he also gained an A.M. in 1907. He was a librarian at his alma mater before moving to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1916. From 1918 to 1919 he served with the American Peace Commission, Paris. WhoLibS, 1955

Thayer, Lucius Ellsworth, born in 1896 at Portsmouth, N.H., he was graduated B.A. in 1918 at Amherst College and LL.B. in 1923 at Havrvard. In 1919 he served as a volunteer assistant director to Emma Cushing, a medical missionary for the Near East Relief in Konya. He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1923 and SUbsequentlyentered general practice in Boston. He was a sometime trustee of Robert College, Istanbul. He died in 1968. NatCAB 54 (1973), p. 558; WhAm 5 Thebert, Yvon, born early 20th cent., he became affiliated with the Ecole francalse de Rome. He was joint author of Les Ruines de Bulla Regia (1977), and he edited Les Cadastres anciens des villes et leur traitement par l'informatique; actes ftables ronde (1989). LC

Thelwall, Robin E. W., he was joint editor of Aspects of language in the Sudan (Coleraine, New University of Ulster, 1978). LC Theobald, Alan Buchan, born 19 July 1906 at Almora, India, he was educated at Brighton and London, where he received a Ph.D. in 1961 with a thesis entitled The reign of 'Ali Dinar', last Sultan of Darfur, 1898-1916. He joined, in 1929, the faculty of Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum, and served first as a lecturer in history, and later in various capacities as an administrator until 1959. He subsequently was chief administrative officer at Leicester College of Education from 1959 to 1970. His writings include The Mahdiya; a history of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1951). His trace is lost after his participation at the Durham Sudan Historical Records Conference of 1982. AfrBiolnd (1); Au&Wr, 1963, 1971 Theodoli, Alberto, born 24 December 1873 at Roma, he was a delegate to the League of Nations and president of the Commission on Mandates. Since 1934 he was a senator. His writings include A cavallo di due secoli (Roma, 1950). Chie, 1936, 1940, 1948 Theodorldee, Jean Phrixos, born in 1926 at Paris, he received doctorates in 1953 and 1969; since 1949 he was affiliated with the C.N.R.S., Paris, as a historian of medicine and biology. His writings include Contribution a I'etuae des parasites et phoretiques de Coteopteres terrestres (1955). WhoWor, 1987/88

Theodoulou, Christos A., born in 1939, his writings include Greece and the Entente (Thessaloniki, 1971), and eEa/~ aTTO TfJV OIEf)VfJ «at KUTTP1aKfJV TToAITIKfJV (WfJV, 1957-1970 (Nicosia, 1971). LC Thery, P. G., his writings include Etudes dionysiennes (Paris, 1932-37).

NUC, pre-1956

Thesiger, Frederic John Napier, Baron Chelmsford, 1868-1933 see Chelmsford, Frederic John N. Thesiger Thesiger, Wilfred Patrick, born 3 June 1910 at Addis Ababa and educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford, where for four consecutive years he won his Blue for boxing. In 1935, he joined the Sudan Political Service, and while in that country he explored the mountains of Tibesti in the Libyan Desert. The war took him to Abyssinia, where he fought under Wingate in the Gojjam campaign, and in 1942, he joined the Special Air Service under Col. David Stirling in the Western Desert and was awarded the D.S.O. Through the prime of his life, he spent thirty years travelling through some of the most inaccessible places on earth, Southern Arabia, Kurdistan, the marshes of southern Iraq, the Hindu Kush, Morocco, Abyssinia, Kenya and Tanganyika, always on foot or with animal transport, relying on the simple companionship of the few - Somali, Druze, Bedu, Abyssinian or Samburu - who chose to accompany him. His journeys won him the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society, the Lawrence of Arabia Medal of the Royal Central Asian Society, the Livingstone Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, and the Burton Memorial Medal of the Royal Asiatic Society. His writing won him the Heinemann Award, the Fellowship of the Royal Society of Literature, and an honorary D. Litt. from Leicester University. In 1968 he was made C.B.E., and in 1982, Honorary Fellow of the British Academy as well as Magdalen College, Oxford. In his old age he lived mostly among the pastoral Samburu tribe in northern Kenya. He was a bachelor. His writings include Arabian sands (1959), its translations, Die Brunnen der Waste (1959), Woestijnen van Arabie (1963), The Marsh

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Thevenet, Antoine Francois, born in 1838, he received a doctorate in 1886 at Paris with a thesis entitled Etude analytique du aeptecement infiniment petit d'un corps solide. His writings include Essai de climatologie elqenenne (Alger, 1896), and Recherches de thermodynamique ... (Alger, 1902). NUC, pre-1956

Thevenin, Emilie Carlier, fl. 1903 see Carlier, Emilie de Thevenot, Jean, born 1633 at Paris, he was a nephew of Melchisedech de Tevenot (1620 or 211692) and became an accomplished linguist, skilled in Turkish, Arabic and Persian. He was a curious and diligent observer while travelling in the Ottoman Empire, Persia and India. Disabled by an accidental pistol shot, he died on his home journey in 1667 in Armenia. His writings include Relation d'un voyage fait au Levant (1665-84), a work which was translated into Dutch, English, German and Turkish. DcBiPP; EncBrit; GdeEnc; GDU Theysset, Edouard, born early 20th cent., he was in 1965 a counsel for technical cooperation at the French embassy in Rabat. Note Thiault, Jean, born early 20th cent., he was in 1965 a chief agronomist at the Centre technique du genie rural des eaux et forets of the Ministers d'agriculture, Aix-en-Provence. Note Thibaud, Paul, born in 1933, he was a sometime director of the periodical Esprit. His writings include Choc et retour (Limoges, 1974), La Fin de t'ecote reoubtlceine (1990), Discussion sur I'Europe (1992), and Et maintenant ... (1995). Note Thibault, Genevieve, born 20 May 1902 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, she was a musicologist and died in Strasbourg, 31 August 1975. Baker,84; NUC, pre-1956 Thicknesse, Sibylla Gratiana, born in 1920, her writings include Abbots Langley (1946), and Arab refugees (1949). NUC, pre-1956 Thieck, Jean Pierre, born in 1949 at Paris, he was a graduate of l'Ecole normale superieure and studied Arabic and history at Paris. In the early 1970s he spent nearly two years in Egypt, collecting material for his thesis on Egyptian trade unionism before the 1952 revolution. He then moved on to the Universite d'Aix-en-Provence, where he began a second thesis on the economic and social history of nineteenth-century Cairo. This interest brought him to Oxford to work with Albert Hourani. Having been refused a visa for research in Egypt, he turned to the study of eighteenth-century Aleppo instead. He completed these studies at the University of Chicago under Halil lnalcrk. He was subsequently attached to the Centre d'etudes et de recherches sur Ie Moyen-Orient contemporain, where he remained until 1985 when he moved to Istanbul to begin a career as a journalist with Ie Mande, writing under the pen-name of Michel Farrere. His important articles were interspersed with shrewd observations about the development of modern Turkey, its film festivals, its grOWing sense of the importance of ecology, and its tiny gay rights movement. It was while he was living in Istanbul that he became aware that he had the illness which finally led to his death in 1990 in Paris. His writings include Passion d'Orient (1992). MESA bulletin 24 (1990), pp. 310-312 Thiele, Walter, born in 1900, he received a Dr.phil. in 1938 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Die Idee der Grol3raumwirtschaft in Geschichte und Politik. With Walther Breuning, he was joint author of Leben und Werden der Volkswirtschaft (3d ed., Leipzig, 1943). NUC, pre-1956 Thiem, Jon Edgar, born 9 October 1946 at Cincinnati, Ohio, he graduated in 1968 from Dickinson College, and received a Ph.D. in 1975 from Indiana University, Bloomington, for The artist in the ideal state. He was a professor of English and comparative literature first at the University of Texas, Dallas, and then at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, a post which he still held in 2001. DrAS, 1982 E; NatFacDr, 1995-2001

Thierfelder, Johann Gottlieb, born in 1799 at Leipzig, he was a trained military surgeon until 1816 when he began to study medicine at the Universltat Leipzig, gaining a doctorate in 1821. He became a general practitioner in Meir1en, Saxony. He also pursued an interest in history of medicine and served as a joint editor of the periodical Janus. He died in Meifsen in 1867. ADtB, vol. 38, p. 3; DtBE; DtBiind (1) Thierry, Amedee Simon Dominique, born in 1797 at Blois, he pursued a teaching and literary career and held the chair of history at the Faculte de Besancon before he was appointed in 1838 to the Counseil d'Etat as a maitre des requetes under Louis Philippe, and continued in the same office by Louis Napoleon. In 1860 he was appointed to the Senat. His writings include Histoire des Gaules (1828), and Histoire d'Attila (1856). He died in 1873. BbD; BiD&SB; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (3); Master (2); Vapereau Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Thierry, Edouard, born 14 September 1813 at Paris, he graduated from the College Charlemagne and in 1833 published his first poetry collection, Les Enfants des anges. Since 1836 he was a literary critic with the Revue du theatre. In 1859 he was appointed administrator of the Comedie francaise. Apart from numerous contributions to the periodical press he jointly translated with J. A. Cherbonneau Djouder Ie pecheur (1853) from the Arabian nights. He died in 1894. Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (6); Vapereau Thierry, Nicole, born early 20th cent., her writings include Nouvelles eglises rupestres de Cappadoce (1963), and a collection of her articles, Peinture d'Asie mineure et de Transcaucasie (1977). LC Thierry, Rene Charles Albert Alfred Marie, born 11 February 1886, he took a law degree and subsequently a diploma at l'Ecole des sciences politiques. He then entered the French foreign service. On 27 October 1926 he was nominated sous-chef de bureau at the Sous-direction d'Afrique et Levant. His writings include the booklet, L'Afrique equetoneie irenceise et Ie chemin de fer de Brazzaville if t'oceen (1926). BN; IndexBFr2 (1) Thierry, Simon Pierre, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1982 from the Universite de Grenoble with a thesis entitled La crise du systeme productif algerien. THESAM,2 Thierry, Solange Bernard, born in 1921, she was in 1984 a directeur a'etuaes at l'Ecole des hautes etudes, Ve section, Sorbonne. Her writings include Le popil (1984), Le Cambodge des contes (1986), a work which was originally submitted in 1976 as a thesis at the Universite de Paris, and De la tiziete if la toret (1988). LC Thies, Dorothee nee Butz, born 5 May 1944 at Siegen, Germany, she studied medicine and Islamic subjects at Bonn where she received a Dr.phil. in 1967 with a thesis entitled Die Lehren der arabischen Mediziner Tabari und Ibn Hubal abe: Herz, Lunge, Gallenblase und Milz. Thesis

Thies, Hans JOrgen, born 29 January 1944 at St. Vith, Belgium. After being expelled from the country after the war, the family settled at Siegen, Germany, where he graduated cum Hebraicum from high school. He then studied medicine and Semitic languages at Bonn where he received a Dr.phil. in 1967 with a thesis entitled Erkrankungen des Gehirns, insbesondere Kopfschmerzen in der arabischen Medizin. His writings include Der Diabetestraktat Abd aI-Latif a/-Bagdadi's (1971). Thesis Thillel, Pierre, born early 20th cent., he was in 1984 a professor at the Universite de Paris. He edited De facto ad imperatores, of Alexander of Aphrodisias (1963). LC; Note Thimme, Hans, born in 1909, his writings include Der missionarische Auftrag der Kirche (1952), and he was joint editor of 1mDienst far Entwicklung und Frieden (1982). LC; NUC, pre-1956 Thiriet, Freddy, born early 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Eccles francalses d'Athenes. His writings include Histoire de Venise (Paris, 1952), La Romanie venltienne au moyen age (1975), and a collection of his articles, Etudes sur la Romanie greco-venitienne (1977). LC Thiriet, Robert, born 9 March 1899 in Kabylie, of Lorraine parents, he was educated at l'Ecole primaire superieure de Boufarik where his father was a professeur since 1895. He joined the army and with the rank of lieutenant participated in the Riff campaign with the Tirailleurs alqeriens. He subsequently entered the Service des Affaires indigenes and spent over thirty years in the Sahara. He served as adjoint at Ouled Djellal, Biskra and Touggourt, chef d'annex at EI Oued and Colornb-Bechar, governeur militaire of Fezzan, commandant militaire of the Territoire de Touggourt, and finally of the Territoire des Oasis. Wherever he was stationed, he studied the folklore and history of the local inhabitants and collected innumerable documents as well as objects of the material culture of all periods. After his death the large collection passed to the Musee du Bardo. He died in Tripoli on 21 November 1956. At the time of his death he represented the Ministre residant en Algerie at the French delegation to the Algero-Libyian Frontier Commission. Travaux de /'Institut de Recherches sahariennes 15 (1957), pp. 11-13 Thirkell, John E. M., born 24 May 1934, he was in 1995 a senior lecturer in industrial relations at the University of Kent. He was joint author of Labour relations in Eastern Europe; organizational design and dynamics (1991). LC Thirring, Gusztav Adolf, born 25 December 1861 at Sopron, Hungary, he studied at BUdapest and was an assistant in anthropology at the University. From 1888 to 1897 he was affiliated with the Bureau of Statistics; since 1906 he was its director. Concurrently he served as a lecturer at the University. His writings include Fahrer durch Sopron (Odenburg) und die ungarischen Alpen (1912), and West-Hungary (1920). He died in 1941. GeistigeUng; Ki-kicsoda, 1937 Thiry, Jacques, born 20th cent., his writings include Sahara libyen dans l'Afrique du nord medievale (1995). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Thobani, Mateen, born 1 February 1953, he was a sometime visiting economist at the Applied Economics Research Centre, Karachi University; in 1983 he was an economist at the World Bank, Country Policy Department. His writings include Charging user fees for social services (1983). Note Thobie, Jacques, born in 1929, he received a doctorate in 1973 from the Universite de Paris I with a thesis entitled Les interets economlques, financiers et politiques ttenceis dans la partie asiatique de I'Empire ottoman de 1895 a 1914. He was a professor and a sometime director of the Institut francais d'etudes anatoliennes d'lstanbul. His writings include Phares ottomans et emprunts turcs, 1904-1961 (1972), tnterets et tmpettettsme trencels dans I'Empire ottoman, 1895-1914 (1977), Agriculture et industrialisation en Turquie et au Moyen Orient (1992), and Derviches des Balkans (1992). LC; THESAM Thoden, Rudolf, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1970 at Gief?>en with a thesis entitled Abu'lHasan 'Ali; Erfolg und MiBerfolg der Merinidenpolitik in den Jahren 710-752/1310-1351. LC; Schwarz Thoman, Roy Edward, born 11 March 1938 at Evansville, Ind., he graduated from the local University and received a Ph.D. in 1967 from the University of Kentucky for Aden and South Arabia on the treshold of independence; a political analysis. Since 1968 he was a professor of political science at West Texas State University, Canyon. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; Selim; WhoS&SW, 1976/77, 1978/79 Thomas, Alfred, born in 1916, he was in 1966 a registrar and director of admissions at Arizona State University. He conducted field-work in Saudi Arabia. His writings include The educational renaissance of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; a report of research travel grant, 1964 (1965), and he was joint author of The Arizona State University story (1960). NUC, 1956-1972 Thomas, Benjamin Earl, born 30 July 1913, he graduated from the University of Idaho and received a Ph.D. in 1947 for Political geography of Idaho. In the same year he joined U.C.L.A. as a professor of geography, becoming head of department in 1971. In 1959-60 he was a visiting lecturer at Makarere College, Kampala, Uganda. His writings include Kenya and Uganda (1960), and Transportation and physical geography in West Africa (1966). AmW&WS, 1973 S; LC; Unesco Thomas, Bertram Sidney, born in 1892, he was an Arabian traveller who had served as a political officer in Iraq before becoming in 1924 wazir to the Sultan of Muscat., in whose company he made several journeys in the coastal areas of eastern Oman; he watched and recorded the customs of the people. But his main objective was to cross the Empty Quarter, an adventure on which he started off from Dhofar on 10 December 1930 and caught his first glimpse of the Persian Gulf on 2 February. His writings include The Kumzari dialect of the Shihuh tribe, Arabia (1930), Alarms and excursions in Arabia (1931), Arabia Felix; across the "Empty Quarter" (1932), The Arabs (1937), and the translation, Die Araber (1938). He died in 1950. Bidwell; ONB; WhE&EA Thomas, Bruno, born 3 February 1910 at Wien, he studied fine art at Wien and Kiel and gained a Dr.phil. in 1932. In 1934 he began a lifelong affiliation with the Waffensammlung of Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien, a collection which he later headed. He died in Wien, 29 June 1988. OtBE; KOrschner, 1950-1987; Teichl; Wer ist wer in Osterreich, 1951; WhoAustria, 1977/78

Thomas, C. B., born 20th cent., he was in 1967 affiliated with the Department of Pure Mathematics in the University of Hull, England. Note Thomas, David Richard, Rev., Dr., born 20th cent., he became interested in Islamic thought when he was a teacher in northern Sudan. On his return to England he read theology first at Cambridge and later at Lancaster, and undertook doctoral research on the development of early Islamic theological thought and polemic against Christianity. He was ordained in 1980 and served in parishes in Liverpool, where he also taught Islamic studies. Between 1985 and 1990 he was chaplain and fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He later became vicar of St Mark's Church, Witton, and the Bishop of Blackburn's adviser on interfaith relations. His writings include Anti-Christian polemic in early Islam; Aba 'Iss et-werrso's "Against the Trinity" (1992). OrBSMES,1993; EURAMES,1993; Note Thomas, David S., born early 20th cent., he received an M.A. in 1968 from McGill University, Montreal, and also a Ph.D. in 1976 with a thesis entitled The life and thought of Yusuf Akgura. He was in 1976 a professor of history at Rhode Island College, Providence, R.I., a post which he still held in 2001. Ferahian; NatFacOr, 2001; Note

Thomas, Edward, born 31 December 1813, he was educated at the East India Company's college at Haileybury and then went to India in 1832. He was a judge of Sagar (Saugor). Suffering greatly from ill-health, he turned down the foreign secretaryship to the Government of India offered to him in 1852. He retired in 1857. He wrote extensively on numismatics and Indian and Persian antiquities. He was for twenty-five years a treasurer of the Royal Asiatic Society. He died 10 February 1886. Buckland; ONB; Riddick

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Thomas, Frederic Chichester, born 27 April 1928 at N.Y.C., he graduated in 1952 from Harvard, held a Fulbright fellowship at Cairo University, 1952-53, and spent ten months during 1954 and 1955 in the western Sudan and the Chad region of French Equatorial Africa, doing doctoral research under a grant from the Ford Foundation. He received a Ph.D. in 1956 from LSE with a thesis entitled The role of Arab tribal authorities in local administration between the Nile and Lake Chad. From October 1959 to January 1961 he worked in Libya for Mobil Oil of Canada Ltd. From 1962 to 1966 he was Peace Corps director in Morocco and Somalia; from 1967 to 1970 he was assigned to Jordan. He subsequently became a government official. Sluglett; WhoGov, 1972/73; WhoUN, 1975 Thomas, Georg Martin, born in 1817 at Ansbach, Prussia, he studied philology at Leipzig where he received a Dr.phil. in 1837 and a Dr.habil. in 1841 for Commentatio de Aristophanis avibus. Barred from a university career at MOnchenon account of being a Protestant, he became a teacher until 1856. He later edited the Occidental manuscripts at the Hof- und Staatbibliothek, MOnchen, where he died in 1887. ADtB, vol. 54, p. 697; DtBilnd (3) Thomas, Harold Beken, O.B.E., born in 1888, he was educated at Dover College and entered the Uganda Protectorate Survey Department in 1911, where he was still active in 1935. During the first World War he served with the East African Protectorate Forces in German East Africa, 1917-18. His writings include A History of Uganda land surveys of the Uganda Land and Survey Department (1938). He died in Bexhill-on-Sea, 12 August 1971. Britlnd (1) Thomas, Ivor,1905-1993 see Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor Thomas, Jean, born about 1868, he received a doctorate in 1894 at Grenoble for Droit roman: Le delit d'injures; Droit international: Convention litteraire et artistique intern ationale signee a Berne 1886. He was in 1907 a professor at the Ecole de droit d'Alger, and in 1932 vice-doyen of the Faculte de droit d'Alger. BN; Note Thomas, Lewis Victor, born in 1914, he was a professor of Oriental languages at Princeton. He spent the summer of 1951 in Turkey on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. His writings include The United States and Turkey and Iran (1951), Elementary Turkish (c1967, 1986), and A study of Naima (1972). He died 23 October 1965. DrAS, 4h ed.; NYT 23 October 1965, p. 31, col. 4; WhAm, 4 Thomas, Louis Vincent, born 20 June 1922 at Paris, he received a doctorate in 1959 at Paris with a thesis entitled Les Oiola; essai d'analyse fonctionelles sur une population de Basse-Casamance. He taught sociology at the Sorbonne and was a sometime professor of sociology at the Unlversite de Dakar. His writings include Les ideologies neqro-etticsines d'aujourd'hui (1965), Le socialisme et l'Afrique (1966), and Les fantasmes au quotidien (1984). LC; Unesco Thomas, Lowell Jackson, born in1892 at Woodington, Ohio, he spent his boyhood years in rural Colorado, and later graduated from the University of Northern Indiana, Kent College of Law, and Princeton. He was a reporter in the Middle West and a member of the Princeton teaching staff before he accepted a commission in the middle of the first World War to go abroad with a staff of cinematographers and superintend the filming of the Allied forces. As a member of the staff of Amir Faysal, he saw the inside of the campaign by which the Turks were ousted from the Arabian Peninsula. His cosmopolitan experiences encompassed encounters in Palestine, the South Seas and Afghanistan. His writings include With Lawrence in Arabia (1924). He died in 1981. AnObit, 1981, pp. 543-546; Au&Wr, 1963-1977; ConAu 45-48,104, new rev. 3; Master (30); Note; Shavit; WhAm,8; Who was who, 8; WrDr, 1982/84

Thomas, M. Ladd, born 19 March 1929 at San Francisco, he graduated in 1951 from the University of Utah and received a Ph.D. in 1960 from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. After a variety of posts in America and abroad he was appointed in 1965 a professor, and later chairman of department, at the University of Northern Illinois, DeKalb, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include the NatFacDr, 1995; pamphlet, Political violence in the Muslim provinces of southern Thailand (1975).

WhoMW, 1982/83

Thomas, Nicholas, M.A., F.S.A., F.M.A., born in 1928, he was in 1984 a director, City Museums, Bristol. His writings include A guide to prehistoric England (1960). WhoArt, 1984 Thomas, Philip Stanley, born 23 October 1928 at Hinsdale, Illinois, he graduated in 1950 from Oberlin College and received a Ph.D. in 1961 in economics. He was since 1965 a professor, and sometime chairman of department, at Kalamazoo College, a post which he still held in 1995. From 1969 to 1970 he was an economic adviser to the Government of Pakistan. AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; NatFacDr, 1995;

WhoAm, 1974/75-1988/89, 1996; WhoMW, 1982/83, 1984/85; WhoWor, 1974/75

Thomas, Philippe Etienne, born in 1843 at Duerne (Rhone), he was a military veterinary since 1879. He was nominated a member of a scientific mission for the exploration of Tunisia by decree of the Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Ministere de I'lnstruction publique of 31 December 1884. His writings include La Mer saharienne (Alger, 1882), and Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie (1893). He died in Moulins (Allier) in 1910. IndexBFr2 (2); NUC, pre-1956

Thomasset, Louis, born 6 June 1899 at Relizane, Algeria, he was a graduate of l'Ecole polytechnique and became chief engineer of the Manufactures de l'Etat and directeur regional des Tabacs at Nantes. He retained a lifelong contact with his native soil on all levels. He was particularly concerned with the reception and technical and social progress of North Africans in metropolitan France as well as the development of Algerian personnel. From 1959 to 1959 he was administrative auditor of the Centre de Haute Etudes d'Administration Musulmane, Paris. He died 1 November 1962. Note de Thomasson, Emile Raoul, lieutenant-colonel, born 19th cent., he was an editor of Questions diplomatiques et coloniales, from 1911 to 1914, and a writer on military and linguistic subjects.

Thomassy, Marie Joseph Raymond, born in 1810 at Montpellier, he was a graduate of l'Ecole des chartes, Paris, and a member of the Societe geologique de France. His writings include De la colonisation militaire de 1'Algerie (1840), and Des relations politiques et commerciales de la France avec Ie Maroc (1842). He died in New Orleans, La., in 1863. BN; Dntes 1; Vapereau

Thomlinson, Ralph, born 12 February 1925 at St. Louis, Mo., he received a Ph.D. in 1960 at Columbia University for A mathematical model for migration. He held a variety of posts relating to urbanization before he was appointed in 1965 a professor of sociology at California State University, Los Angeles. His writings include Population dynamics (1965), Urban structure (1969), and Thailand's population (1971). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu,41-44; IntAu&W, 1977; WhoAm, 1974/75-1988/89, 1996; WhoWor, 1978/79

Thomov, Thomas Stefanov, 1891-1988 see Tomov, Toma Stefanov Thompson, Carol Lewis, born 26 December 1918 at N.Y.C., she graduated from Wellesley College and received an M.A. from Mount Holyoke College. Since 1955 she was an editor of Current history. She was joint editor of The Current history encyclopedia of developing nations (1982). DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H; WhoAm, 1974/75-1988/89, 1996; WhoAmW, 1964/65-1974/75; WhoUSWr, 1988-1995/96

Thompson, Clifford Fritz, born 15 August 1934 at Kansas City, he graduated magna cum laude from Harvard, was a Rhodes scholar at Oxford, and was admitted to the bar of Kansas in.1960. He was a visiting lecturer in law in Ethiopia, the Sudan and Zambia. He was in 1995 a professor at the School of Law, University of Wisconsin, Madison. His writings include The land law of the Sudan (1965). NatFacDr, 1995; WhoAm, 1982/83-1989/90, 1996; WhoAmL,1979-1987

Thompson, Deborah L., born about 1935, she received a Ph.D. in 1965 from Columbia University for A discussion of Sasanian stucco, with special reference to the material from Chal Tarkhan in the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Her writings include Stucco from Chal Tarkan, Eshqabad near Rayy (1976). LC

Thompson, Dorothy, born in 1894 at Lancaster, N.Y., she was a feminist leader, newspaper foreign correspondent, broadcaster and columnist, writing in a chain of American journals. She was at one time wife of Sinclair Lewis, the American novelist. She died in Lisboa in 1961. ConAu 89-92; DLB 29 (1984), pp. 343-50; Master (30); ObitT, 1961, p. 783; WhAm, 4

Thompson, Edward John, born in 1886, he graduated at the University of London and was ordained. He went in 1909 to Wesleyan College at Bankura, Bengal, where he taught English and studied Bengali, eventually becoming an authority on Bengali poetry. During the first World War he served in the Mesopotamian and Palestine campaigns. After the 1919 Amritsar incident he became interested in politics. He returned to England in 1923 and was active as a Bengali scholar at Oxford. His writings include The other side of the medal (1925), An Indian day (1927), These men thy friends (1927), A history of India (1928), Crusader's coast (1929) In Araby Orion (1930). He died in 1946. DNB; Riddick

Thompson, Henry Orrin, born 23 October 1931 at Northwood, Iowa, he was ordained in 1956 to the ministry of the Methodist Church, and received his Ph.D. in 1964 from Drew University, Madison, N.J., with a thesis entitled A study of the evidence for the identification of Mekal, god of Beth-Shan. Since 1967 he was a professor of Old Testament and archaeology at the Unification Theological Seminary, Barrytown, N.Y. His writings include Mekal, the god of the Beth-Shan (1970), Archaeology and archaeologists (1972), and Hidden and revealed (1973). ConAu 45-48, new rev. 25; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 P; IntAu&W, 1986, 1989; NatFacDr, 1995; WhoRel, 1985, 1992/93

Thompson, Herbert Michael, he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of Colorado for Traditional to modern society; a study of economic transition. He was in 1979 a visiting professor at AUC. He edited Studies in Egyptian political economy, methodology theory, and case studies (1979).

Thompson, James Brown, fl. 1852, his writings include Contributions to medicine (London, 1851). Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Thompson, James Westfall, born 3 June 1869 at Pella, Iowa, he was a professor of history successively at the University of Chicago and the University of California. His writings include History of historical writing (1942). He died in Berkeley, Cal., 30 September 1941. CurBio,1941; Master (3); NYT, 1 October 1941, p. 21, col. 3; WhAm, 1

Thompson, Jane Catherine, 1938- see Schneider, Jane Catherine nee Thompson Thompson, John Jason, born 12 August 1950, he received a Ph.D. in 1987 from the University of Chicago for Sir Gardner Wilson and his circle, a work which was published in 1992. He served in 1992 at the Department of History, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, and in 2001 as an associate professor of history at AUC. He edited Edward Wm. Lane, Description of Egypt, notes and views in Egypt and Nubia, 1825-28 (2000). NatFacOr, 1995 Thompson, John Raymond Fawcett, fl. 1937-1963, he was affiliated with the British Museum. His writings include The Animals to go (London, 1939), and he edited Coronation cavalcade (1937). BLC Thompson, Jon, 20th cent., he gained a doctorate. His writings include Carpet magic; companion to the exhibition Carpet Magic, Barbican Art Gallery, London (1983); he was joint author of The Persian carpet (1977); and he was joint editor of Turkmen tribal carpets and traditions (1980), and Von Konya bis Kokand; seltene Orientteppiche (MOnchen, 1980). LC Thompson, Lawrence Sidney, born 21 December 1916 at Raleigh, N.C., he graduated from the University of North Carolina and received a Ph.D. in 1938 in German literature. Since 1948 he was a professor of classics at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, and since 1964 a director of University libraries. From 1951 to 1952 he was a consultant to the Ministry of Education, Ankara. His writings include Basic Turkish reference works (Ankara, 1952), A Program for library development in Turkey (1952), and its Turkish translation in 1952. He died in 1986. BiOrLUS,1970; ConAu,121; OrAS, 1969, 1982 F; WhAm, 9; WhoAm, 1968/69-1984; WhoLibl, 1982; WhoLibS, 1955, 1966; WrOr, 1982, 1984/86

Thompson, Reginald Campbell, born 21 August 1876, he was an archaeologist and Assyriologist succesively affiliated with the British Museum and the University of Chicago. His writings include A Pilgrim's scrip (London, 1915), and A century of excavation at Niniveh (1929). He died in 1941. CurBio, 1941; ONB; Master (3); NYT 27 May 1941, p. 23, col. 5; .WhE&EA; Who was who, 4

Thompson, W. F., fl. 1839, he was affiliated with the Bengal Civil Service. He translated from the Persian of Muhammad ibn As'ad al-Dawani, Practical philosophy of the Muhammadan people; being a translation of the Akhlaq-i-Jalali (1839). NUC, pre-1956 Thompson, William Jameson, Right Rev. Bishop, born in 1885. After leaving Trinity College, Cambridge, he went to India and was the engineer in charge of building St. John's College, Agra. In the first World War he served in the Royal Engineers in Mesopotamia as a captain. After that war he took Holy Orders, and went out to Persia in 1921 as principal of the Stuart Memorial College, and became Anglican Bishop in Iran in 1935. His writings include the pamphlet, The Land of the three wise men (London, Christian Missionary Society, 1920). He died in 1975. Note; Who was who, 7 Thompson, William Randall, born 30 July 1946, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Washington, Seattle, with a thesis entitled Explanations of the military coup. Since 1976 he was a professor of government at Florida State University; in 1994 he was at the Center for Politics and Policy, Claremont Graduate School, California. His writings include The grievances of military coupmakers (1973), and he was joint author of The Great Powers and global struggle (1994). LC Thoms, William Wells, born 13 December 1903 at Garbutt, N.Y., he graduated from Hope and Kalamazoo colleges and the University of Michigan Medical School. In 1930 he joined the Arabian Mission, taking his first year of Arabic at the Newman School of Missions, Jerusalem, and his second year in Basrah. In 1931 he was appointed to medical missionary work in Bahrain, where the eye department was his special concern. In the spring of 1937, he was transferred to Kuwait, where he took charge of the men's hospital. In 1939, he became head of the Knox Memorial Hospital in Matrah, Oman. He was active in the Arabian Mission until 1970. He died in New Orleans, 25 October 1971. Shavit; Van Ess

Thomsen, Hans Sylvain, born in 1938, he was affiliated with the Kulturgeografisk Institut, Aarhus Universitet. He was joint author of Kulturgeografisk atlas = Atlas of economic geography (1975), Kulturgeografi (1977-78), and Nilen, H0je Aswan og Egyptens udviklingsproblemer (1980). LC; Note Thomsen, Kaare, 1924-1997 see Thomsen Hansen, Kaare Erling Thomsen, Peter, born in 1875, he received a Dr.phil. in 1903 at TObingen for Pelestine nach dem Onomasticon des Eusebius. He was a sometime principal of a secondary school in Dresden. His Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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writings include Palastina und seine Kultur in 1931-1950; LC

tuntJahrtausenden

(1909). He died in 1954. Kurschner,

Thomsen, Vilhelm Ludvig Peter, born 25 January 1842 at Kebenhavn, he obtained his doctorate in 1869 and joined the teaching staff of Kebenhavns Universitet in 1871. Between 1887 and 1916 he taught comparative philology, specializing in Germanic languages, with an interest in general linguistics as well as Finnish, Hungarian and Turkish, all related to the Ural-Altai group. His greatest achievement was his deciphering in 1894 of the Orkhon inscriptions. His writings include Turcica; etudes (Helsingfors, 1916), and Turkologisker afhandlinger (Kebenhavn, 1922). He died 13 May 1927. Aalto, p. 98; Cultura Turcica 1 (1984), pp. 242-252; DanskBL; DanskBL2; Indogermanisches Jahrbuch 13 (1929), pp. 385-91, reprinted in PorLing, v. 1, pp. 496-503; UjMagyar; ZDMG, n.F. 6 (1927); pp. 278-283

Thomsen Hansen, Kaare Erling, born in 1924 at Kebenhavn, "he received his M.A. in Turkic philology in 1952, and in 1959 became a university lecturer in Turkish. His mentor was Kare Granbech, but he was also influenced by Louis Hjelmslev in his role as a philologist and language teacher. From Grenbech he obtained the broad perspective with an equal interest in both Turkic and Mongolian languages. He received from Hjelmslev a solid training in historical-comparative linguistics and, except for his two surveys (PTF, vol. 1) of Kazan-Tatar and the language of the Yellow Uygurs and Salar, the rest of his publications were all devoted to diachronic Turkic and Mongolian studies. His main research interests were the phonological interpretations of central textual sources such as the VolgarBolgar inscriptions and the Secret history of the Mongols, and the problems of Turkic and Mongolian vocalism". He died in 1997. Even Hovdhaugen in Turkiclanguages 1 (1997), pp.159-160; PTF Thomson, D. B., major, fl. 1934, he was a representative of the British community at Constantinople. Note

Thomson, Eveline A., born 19th cent. at Constantinople and up to the outbreak of the first World War was a teacher of English at Constantinople College, the American educational institution for girls. Note Thomson, Harry Craufuird, born 19th cent., his writings include The outgoing Turk; impressions of a journey through the western Balkans (1892), The Chitral campaign (1895), and The case for China (1933). NUC, pre-1956 Thomson, James, born in 1834 at Port Glasgow, he lost his parents whilst he was very young and was brought up at the Caledonian Orphan Asylum. He was educated at the Royal Military Academy, Chelsea, and became a schoolmaster in the army. He was a poet not of the glory but of the agony of modern man He was also a most inspired translator, particularly of Leopardi and Heine. Through Heine and Goethe, but also through Stendhal, he was led to pursue a fresh interest in the themes of Persian and Arabic love literature. His other writings include The City of the dreadful night (1874), and The Story of a famous old Jewish firm (1876). He died in 1882. CelCen; DLB 35, pp. 268-80; DNB; Master (19); Review of national literatures 2 i (1971),112-120

Thomson, Joseph, born in 1858 at Penport, Scotland, he was a geologist and the author of some of the most popular books of African exploration in the late nineteenth century. His writings include Through Massai Land (1885), Travels in the Atlas and southern Morocco (1889), and Mongo Park and the Niger (1890). He died in 1895. BiD&SB; Boase; Britlnd (2); DcAfHiB; DLB 174, pp. 294-299; Dictionary of national biography; Embacher

Thomson, Rodney Malcolm, born 3 April 1946, he was at one time affiliated with the University of Tasmania, Hobart. His writings include William of Malmesbury (1987), Catalogue of the manuscripts of Lincoln Cathedral Chapter Library (1986), and England and the twelfth century Renaissance (1998). British books in print, 2000; LC; Note

Thomson, Sir Ronald, born in 1838, the brother of Sir William Taylour, he joined the British Legation in Tehran in 1848 as the Third Paid Attache. Except for a short break in Europe he spent his entire working life with the Persian Misssion, serving eight years as minister plenipotentiary for which he duly received the customary reward of a knighthood. He retired in 1887. A confirmed bachelor, he was said to be deeply interested in Persian literature and on excellent terms with the Persians. Denis Wright, The English amongst the Persians (London, 1977)

Thomson, William, born in 1889 in Scotland where he grew up and received his M.A. in 1907 at the University of Glasgow with honours in English literature. He went to America in 1908 to study Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac under Duncan B. Macdonald at Hartford Seminary Foundation where he received his B.D. in 1911. Until the outbreak of the first World War he continued his studies at Straf1burg. In 1924 he became an instructor in Arabic at Harvard where in 1939 he was appointed James Richard Jewett Professor of Arabic, a post which he held until his retirement in 1950. His is best remembered for his translation, with notes, of the Arabic text of the Commentary of Pappus on Book X of Euclid's

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Elements (1930). Since 1948 he served on the editorial board of The Muslim world. He died in 1972. Muslim worJd63 (1973), p. 165

Thomson, William A., born in 1879 at Lancaster, Pa., he devoted his entire career to newspapers and newspaper advertising. He began as a reporter on the Lancaster examiner and next went to the Philadelphia Inquirer as a copy editor. In 1913 he joined a group of newspaper publishers in founding the Bureau of Advertising to promote advertising in all daily newspapers. He became its director that year and held the post until his retirement in 1948. He spoke often before newspaper and advertising forums. His writings include Making millions read and buy (1934), and High adventures in advertising (1952). He died in Inverness, N.S., 2 October 1971. NYT 5 October 1971, p. 44, cols. 4-5 Thomson, William George, born in 1865, his writings include A history of tapestry from the earliest times until the present day (London, 1906), and Tapestry weaving in England (London, 1914). NUC Thomson, William McClure, born 31 December 1806 at Spring Dale, Ohio, he was a graduate of Miami University and Princeton Theological Seminary. He was a missionary and visted and travelled through the Holy Land more often than any other 19th-century Western figure. Working in the region over a forty-year period, he came to know Palestine intimately. From his extensive knowledge, he wrote The Land and the Book (1859), one of the most widely read and used works about the Holy Land ever written by an American. It was used as a Sunday school prize for generations of Americans. He died in Denver, Colo., 8 April 1894. DAB; Richter; Shavit; Vogel; WhAm H Thomson, Sir William Taylour, born in 1813, the son of a well-to-do Edinburgh Writer to the Signet and the brother of Sir Ronald, he completed his education at Edinburgh. In 1835 he joined the Euphrates expedition under Colonel Francis Chesney as an astronomer. He had been lucky to survive the wreck of one of the expedition's two paddle-steamers in a storm the following year. Without it there was no room for him with the expedition but, as a reward for his services, he was appointed Military Secretary, though a civilian, to the British Mission in Tehran. On reaching Tehran in September 1837 he found that his new chief, Dr. John McNeill, was encamped in the Lar valley some miles outside Tehran under the shadow of Mount Demavend. Thither he rode to pay his respects and to climb the 18,600 ft. mountain (a journey which he described in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society vol. 8 (1838), pp. 109-114). Having mastered Persian he was duly promoted First Paid Attache and remained with the Legation until 1855, when he was posted to Chile where he remained nearly thirteen years before being appointed Minister in Tehran in 1872. When he retired seven years later he had spent over a quarter of a century in the Tehran Legation. For his service he duly received the customary reward of a knighthood. He died in Caerlie, Perthshire, 15 September 1883. Boase; Wright Thomson-Glover, J., colonel, C.B.E., born 19th cent., he served during the first World War in France, and in 1923 in Waziristan. Later, in the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India, he was Joint-Commissioner for Leh, Jammu and Kashmir, and in 1930 became Political Agent for Dir, N.W.F.P., India, and Chitral. From 1933 to 1936 he served as consul-general at Kashgar. Note Thon, Uri, he was in 1972 an advisor to the Israeli Minister of Education and Culture. Note Thopdschian, Hagop, 1876- see Topchian, Hagop Thoraval, Yves, fl. 1975, he was in 1993 a journalist and a curator at the Bibllotheque national de Paris. His writings include Regards sur Ie cinema egyptien (Beyrouth, 1977), L'ABCdaire de /'islam (2000), Les cinemas du Moyen-Orient (2000); he edited Le Yemen et la mer Rouge; actes (1995); and he was joint editor of Sultanat d'Oman; retour I'histoire (1998). EURAMES,1993; Livres disponibJes, 2001

a

Thorbecke, Andreas Heinrich, born in 1837, Meiningen, Germany, he was a student of H. L. Fleischer at Leipzig and received a Dr.habil. in 1867 at Heidelberg for 'Ameret: ein vorislamischer Dichter. Since 1873 he was successively a professor of Oriental languages at Heidelberg and Halle. He edited Durrat al-gawwas, of al-Hariri (1871). The spectrum and importance of his studies became apparent only after his private papers had been catalogued and published by A. MOiler and A. Socin in ZDMG 45 (1891), pp. 465-492. He died in Mannheim in 1890. ADtB, vol. 38, pp. 115-6; BiD&SB; DtBilnd (1); FOck,240-1 Thorburn, Septimus Smet, born in 1844, he was educated at Cheltenham and entered the Bengal Civil Service in 1865. Until his retirement in 1899 he served as an administrator in India. Concurrently he pursued an interest in Pashto. His writings include Bannu; or, Our Afghan frontier (1876), Musalmans and money-lenders in the Punjab (1886), Asiatic neighbours (1894), and The Punjab in peace and war (1904). He died in 1924. Buckland; Riddick; Who, 1903-1921; Who was who, 2 Thordarson, Fridrik, born 7 March 1928 at Reykjavik, he joined in 1965 the Department of Classical and Romance Languages at Oslo University, a post which he still held in 1993. EURAMES,1993; IWWAS, 1975/76;' WhoWor, 1978/79

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Thornburg, Max Weston, born in 1892, he was a sometime chief engineer of the Standard Oil Company of California and vice-president of the Caltex Oil Company, which had the first large U.S. oil concession in the Middle East. He served as adviser to the Iranian and Turkish governments. His work brought him into close contact with Shaykh Hamad of Bahrain, who in 1939 gave him the island of Umm A'Sabaan in the Persian Gulf. Retiring in 1945, Thornburg made the island his home. His writings include People and policy in the Middle East (1964), and he was joint author of Turkey; an economic appraisal. He died in 1967. Shavit knows of a Ph.D. thesis by Linda W. Qain [Qa'im?]Magami entitled Max Thornburg and the quest for corporate oil policy (Texas, A & M University, 1986). Note; Shavit; WhAm 9

Thorndike, Everett Lynn, born in 1882 at Lynn, Mass., he received a Ph.D. in 1905 at Columbia University for The place of magic in the intellectual history of Europe. From 1924 to his retirement in 1952 he was a professor of history at Columbia. His writings include A history of magic and experimental science (1923-41), A short history of civilization (1926), and Science and thought in the fifteenth century (1929). He died in 1965. ANB; ConAu 111; DAB S 1; DrAS, 1969, vol. 1; Master (4); NatCAB,

vol. 51, pp. 214-215; WhAm 4; WhE&EA; WhNAA

Thorning, Hermann, born 8 February 1889 at Altona near Hamburg, he studied law at Heidelberg and, since 1908, theology at Halle and Kiel, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1913 for Studien zu Bast Madad et-Taufiq; ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des islamischen Vereinswesens, a work which was published in the same year entitled Beitrage zur Kenntnis des islamischen Vereinswesens. In the autumn of 1912 he had spent some time at Constantinople, collecting material for his thesis. He was doing his military service when war broke out. On 6 September he was mortally wounded near Esternay (Marne) and died two days later at Escardes (Marne). derlslam, 6 (1915-16), p. 91; Schwarz Thornton, Archibald Paton, born 21 October 1921 at Glasgow, he was educated at Glasgow and received a Ph.D. in history in 1952 at Oxford. Since 1960 he was a professor of history at the University of Toronto. His writings include Doctrines of imperialism (1965), and Imperialism in the twentieth century (1978). Canadian, 1970-2001; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; WhoAm, 1974/75-1980/81 Thornton, Douglas Montagu, born in 1873, he was a missionary of the Church Missionary Society. He and Rev. Wm. H. G. Gairdner inaugurated a new branch of the Society, when, in 1898, they went out to do evangelistic work among the Muslims of Cairo. Their weekly paper, Orient and Occident, the circulation of which expanded as far as Upper Egypt, was an effective branch of their work. Only the conducive political atmosphere under the pax Britannica afforded this activity for a short period. His writings include African waiting (1897), Parsi, Jaina and Sikh (1898). He died on 7 September 1907. Richter, pp. 361-362

Thornton, Douglas Stanley, 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Department of Agricultural Economics and Management in the University of Reading. His writings include Contrasting policies in irrigation development; Sudan and India (1966), Agriculture in South-East Ghana (1973), and Study of rural development; changing perspective (1982). Books in print, 2000; LC Thornton, Thomas Henry, born 31 October 1832, he was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and St. John's College, Oxford, and joined the Bengal Civil Service in 1855. After the Mutiny he was for some years magistrate and deputy-commissioner at Delhi, then secretary to the Government of the Punjab, until his appointment as acting foreign secretary to the Government of India. He accompanied Lord Lytton to the frontier in 1876, and negotiated important treaties with the frontier chiefs. He was not reappointed foreign secretary, but remained a member of the Legislative Council from 1877 to 1879, and subsequently became jUdge of the Chief Court of the Punjab. He retired from the Indian Civil Service in 1881. His writings include Colonel Sir Robert Sandeman (1895), and General Sir Richard Meade and the feudatory states of central and southern India (1898). He died in Bath on 10 March 1913. Asiatic quarterly review, n.s., 1 (1913), p. 444; Buckland; Riddick; Who,1909; Who was who, 1 Thorpe, C. Lloyd, born early 20th cent., his writings include Education and the development of Muslim nationalism in pre-partition India (Karachi, 1965). NUC, 1968-72 Thorpe, James A., born about 1940, he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from the University of Wisconsin for The Persian mission of Arthur C. Millspaugh to Iran, 1943-1945. He was in 1971 an instructor in history at Wisconsin State University, Stevens Point. His writings include Twentieth century Iran; an historical and bibliographical introduction (1972). Note; NUC, 1973-77 Thorossian, Henri, 1886-1966 see T'orosian, Hrand N. Thorson, Winston Bernard, born in 1914, he received a Ph.D. in 1940 from the University of Wisconin for Charles de Freycinet as foreign minister of France. He was since 1942 an associate professor of

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history at Peru State Teachers' College, Peru, Nebr. He specialized in French history of the nineteenth century. He died in Pullman, Wash., 30 April 1949. American historical review 54 (July 1949), p. 987 von Th6t, Laszlo (Ladislaus), born in 1878, his writings include Orientalische Strafrechtsstudien (Leipzig, 1909), EI derecho mahometano segun fuentes orientales (La Plata, 1910), and Historia de las antiguas instituciones de derecho penal (Buenos Aires, 1927). He died in 1935. NUC, pre-1956

Thoumaian, G., Rev., born 19th cent., he was a professor at the (American) Anatolia College in Marsovan (Merzifon), Turkey. He was condemned to death by the Turkish government in 1893, but saved through the intervention of the British government. His trace is lost after an article in 1913. NUC, pre-1956

Thoumin, Richard t.odors, born in 1897, he received two doctorates in 1936 at Grenoble for Geographie humaine de la Syrie centrale, and Le Ghab. His other writings include Histoire de Syrie (192728), and La maison syrienne dans la plaine hauranaise, Ie bassin du Barada et sur les plateaux du Qalamun (Paris, 1932). NUC, pre-1956 Thouvenel, Edouard Antoine, born 11 November 1818 at Verdun. After studying law, he entered in 1840 the French foreign service and was posted first to Bruxelles (1845), then to Athens (1848), and MOnchen (1850). He was recalled to Paris in 1852 for a brief period, and became ambassador at the Porte on 3 May 1855. He returned home the following year and became a senator. Afterwards he was minister of foreign affairs from 1860 until 12 October 1862, when he was dropped from the cabinet and appointed vice-president of the Senate. He died suddenly on 18 October 1866, before he had accepted the new post. His writings include La Hongrie et la Valachie; souvenirs de voyages (1840), and Episodes d'histoire contemporaine, tires des papiers de M. Touvenel (1844/45-1851/52), edited by Louis Thouvenel (1892). IndBFr (3); Vapereau Thouvenel, Louis Henri, born 23 October 1853 at Paris, he was educated at the College Rollin and later gained a law degree. He was an ettech«and later secreteite successively at the French embassies in Constantinople and Athens. His writings include Le Secret de L'Empereur (1889), Nicolas ler et Napoleon III; les prelimlnelres de la guerre de ctimee (1891), and Trois ennees de la question d'Orient, 1856-1859 (1897). Qui etes-vous, 1924 Thouvenot, Raymond, born 15 July 1896 at Commercy (Meuse), he studied at l'Ecole normale superieure and the Faculte de droit, Paris, where he received doctorates for Essai sur la province romaine de Betique, and Une Colonie romaine de Mauritanie Tingitane, Valentia Banasa in 1940 and 1941 respectively. After teaching at Charnbery, he went in 1929 to Oran. From 1931 to 1941 he served at the Service des Antlquites du Maroc. He later became a professor of ancient history and archaeology at Poitiers. His writings include Volubilis (Paris, 1949), and Maisons de Volubilis (Rabat, 1958). NONC,1966; Salses Threlfall, T. R., born 19th cent., his writings include The Sword of Allah; a romance of the harem (1899), The Strange adventures of a magistrate (1903), The Romance of the battlefield (1904), and The Story of the King's (Liverpool regiment) formerly the Eight's foot (London, 1916). BLC; NUC Thuile, Henri, born in 1885 in France, he came at the age of ten to Alexandria, Egypt, where his father was a railway engineer. He was educated at the college of the Freres des Ecoles chretiennes in Alexandria. After studying engineering in France he returend in 1910 to Alexandria where he soon found a post with Ports et Phares d'Alexandrie. Living in a calm suburb of the city he developed a taste for meditation and poetry; his home became the meeting place of a coterie of litterateurs and artists. In 1922 he succeeded to the Secretariat europeen du Roi, a post which he held until 1927 when he left Egypt for good. His writings include La Lampe de terre (1912), Litterature et Orient (1921), Commentaires sur l'Atlas historique d'Alexandrie (1922), and Jeux d'arlequin (1932). He died at the family estate in Montpellier in 1960. Hommes et destins, vol. 4, p. 676-677 Thureau-Dangin, Jean Genevieve Frencois, born in 1872 at Paris, he was an Assyriologist and served as a deputy curator of the Musees nationaux. He was elected member of I'lnstitut and was granted an honorary doctorate by Oxford University. He died in Paris, 24 January 1944. An obituary appeared in Revue d'Assyriologie, vol. 39 (1942-44), pp. 1-3, of which he was for thirty-four years one of the editors and one of the chief contributors. Isis, 36 (1946), p. 250; Qui est-ce, 1934; Qui etes-vous, 1924 Thursby, Gene Robert, born 8 May 1939 at Akron, Ohio, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from Duke University, Durham, N.C., with a thesis entitled Aspects of Hindu-Muslim relations in British India. He was appointed in 1970 a professor at the University of Florida, Gainesville, a post which he still held in

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1994. His writings include Hindu-Muslim relations in British India (1975), and The Sikhs (1992).

DrAS,

1974,1978,1982 P; IntWWAS,1975n6; NatFacDr,1994; Selim; WhoRel, 1975, 1977

Thurston, Burton Bradford, born 22 June 1920 at Jefferson, Ore., he was a graduate of North West Christian College and became a pastor of churches in a number a American states before he served from 1953 to 1955 as president of Manhattan Christian College, Manhattan, Kan. From 1958 to 1970 he was chairman of the Department of Religious Studies and served as chaplain to AUB. From 1964 to 1967 he was a consultant in the development of national universities in the Middle East. In 1970 he went to Bethany College as a professor of Middle Eastern studies, a post which he held until 1983. Two years later he retired. He died in 1990. DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 P; MESA bulletin 25 (1991), p. 311; WhoRel, 1975, 1977; WhoWor, 1987/88

Thury, J6szef, born 25 December 1861 at Makad (Csepelsziget), Hungary, he was a Turkologist whose writings include A "Behdset-ul-Iugat" czimu csagataj szoter (1903), Torok nyelvemlekek a XIV. szezea vegeig (1903), and A kozep-azsiai torok irodalom (1904). He died in Sabadka, Serbia, in 1906. NUC, pre-1956; RNL; UjLex

Thwaytes, Edmund Charles, captain, born 19th cent., his writings include Dakani manuscripts (Madras, 1892). Thweatt, William Oliver, born 4 June 1921 at Brooklyn, N.Y. After taking degrees at UCLA, he went to Oxford as a Ford Foundation scholar. He was an economic consultant to the U.N. Relief and Works Agency and an assistant professor at AUB before he became a professor of economics at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., a post which he still held in 1987. He was joint editor of Classical political economy (1987). AmM&WS, 1973 S Thwing, Edward Waite, born 11 February 1868 at Boston, he was a graduate of New York University, and Princeton Theological Seminary. He was in China from 1892 to 1898, first as a missionary, and later as a professor at the Christian College in Canton. Upon his return to the United States, he was involved in the anti-opium campaign. He died in Los Angeles, 2 March 1943. Shavit - Asia; WhAm, 4 Tiano, Andre, born in 1930, he was in 1972 a professor at the Universite de Paris-Dauphine. His writings include L'Action syndicale ouvriere et la tneotie economioue du salaire (1958), and Le Maghreb entre les mythes (1967); he was joint author of Experiences trenceises d'action syndicale ouvriere (1956). BN; LC Tibawi, Abdul Latif, born 29 April 1910 at Tayba, Palestine. At the age of twelve he qualified for entrance to the Training College (later Arab College) in Jerusalem, where, in 1925, he won the essay competition by the Cairo ai-Hi/ai, and had his first essay published. He was a scholarship undergraduate at the AUB, 1926-1929. After graduation, he taught history in Ramla for fifteen months, soon to be engaged by the Palestine Department of Education, working mainly in the Southern District on social and educational schemes. At the time of the 1948 partition, he was on a British Council scholarship in London. He did not return to his homeland but made London his permanent residence. In 1952 he obtained a Ph.D. in education from the University of London. Ten years later, the same institution awarded him the D.LL. in recognition of his scholarship and teaching. In 1963 he was research fellow at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University. In 1977 he was presented with the felicitation volume Arabic and Islamic garland. His English writings include Islamic education (1972), Anglo-Arab relations and the question of Palestine (1977), Islamic pious foundations in Jerusalem (1978). He died as an result of an accident in London, 16 October 1981. Index Islamicus (5); MW 72 (1982), pp. 70-71; Who's who in Palestine, 1945-46

Tibbetts, Gerald Randall, born in 1926 at Brackley, England, he was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he received a B.A. in Oriental languages in 1950 and gained a diploma of the School of Librarianship and Archives, University College, London, in 1953. His writings include Arab navigation in the Indian Ocean (1971), Arabia in early maps (1978), and A study of the Arabic texts containing material on South-East Asia (1979). Library quarterly 29 (April 1959), p. 134 Tibi, Bassam, born 4 April 1944 at Damascus where he received a traditional Islamic education. In 1971 he gained a doctorate at the Universitat Frankfurt am Main with a thesis entitled Zum Nationalismus in der "Drltien Welt" am arabischen Exempel. Since 1973 he was a professor of politics at Gottingen. His writings include Die Krise des modernen Islams (1981), Die fundamentalistische Herausforderung (1992), and the translations, Arab nationalism (1981), The crisis of modern Islam (1988), Conflict and war in the Middle East (1993), 1m Schatten Allahs (1994), and Aufbruch am Bosporus (1998). ConAu 130; KOrschner, 1980-1996; WhoWor, 1984 Tidswell, Herbert Henry, born 19th cent., his writings include The Tobacco habit, its history and pathology; a study in birth-rates (London, 1912). BLC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

514 Baron von Tiesenhausen (TL-13eHray3eH), Ernst Waldomar (VladimirlWaldemar) Gustav (Gustafovich), born 25 February 1825 at Narva, he studied Oriental languages at St. Petersburg and in 1841 entered the Russian civil service. Since 1861 he was affiliated with the Imperial Archaeological Commission as a numismatist. He was a member of Gelehrte Estnische Gesellschaft, Dorpat. His writings include MOHembl eocmounoeo xeniupeme (1873), C60pHUK uemeoienoe omnocmuuxcn K ucmopiu 30nomo{} OPObl (1884-1941), and its translation, Altlnordu devleti tarihine me tinIer (Istanbul, 1941). He died in St. Petersburg, 2 February 1902. Baltisch (2); EnSlovar; FOck, p. 223; TatarES

Tietjens, Eunice nee Hammond (Mrs. Cloyd Head), born 29 July 1884 at Chicago, she was educated in the U.S.A., France and Germany, without taking a degree. She was a writer, poet and lecturer. Her writings include The Romance of Antar. She died 6 September 1944. CurBio, 1944, p. 692; DLB 54, pp. 514-18; Master (16); Note; NYT 7 September 1944, p. 23, col. 2; WhAm 2

Tietz, Friedrich, born 24 November 1803 at Konigsberg, Prussia, he grew up in his hometown, where he also took a law degree. After articling in Berlin, he entered the civil service of Saxe-Coburg. Contrary to his education, his life centred on the theatre. He was a sometime director of the theatre in Konigsberg, but he also wrote his own comedies. He made an extensive tour of Europe, which he described in Bunte Skizze aus Ost und Sad, entworfen und gesammelt in Preu!3en, Ru!3Iand, der Tarkei, Griechenland, auf den lonischen Inseln und in Italien 1838), and its translation, Sf. Petersburg, Constantinople, and Napoli di Romania in 1833 and 1834; a characteristic picture, drawn during a residence there (1836). He died in Berlin, 6 July 1879. ADtB, vol. 38, pp. 292-93; DtBiind (3); NUC, pre-1956

Tietze, Andreas, born 26 April 1914 at Wien, where he also received a doctorate in 1937. From 1939 to 1952 he was a lecturer at the Yabanci Diller Okulu Istanbul Oniversitesi. In the 1950s he went to the United States, where he was first a professor of Turkish at the University of Illinois and then UCLA. His writings include Turkish shadow theater (1977), Mustafa Ali's counsel (1979), Ottoman melodies, Hebrew hymns (1995); and he was joint author of Tatklsches Lesebuch far Auslander (Istanbul, 1943). He was honoured by Festschrift Andreas Tietze zum 70. Geburtstag (1986), and Humanist and scholar; essays in honor of Andreas Tietze (1993). BioHbDtE; ConAu 49-52; DrAS, 1969, 1974 F; IWWAS, 1975/76; Widmann, p. 108

Tietze, Emil Ernst August, born 15 June 1845 at Breslau, Prussia, he studied geology at TObingen and Breslau and received a doctorate in geology in 1898 at Wien. From 1873 to 1875 he made a research visit to Persia, experiences which are embodied in his Die Mineralreichtamer Persiens (1879). Since 1902 he was director, Geologische Reichsanstalt in Wien. He died in 1931. DtBE; DtBilnd (3); Embacher

Tignor, Robert Lee, born 20 November 1933 at Philadelphia, Pa., he graduated in 1955 from the College of Wooster and received a Ph.D. in 1960 from Yale University with a thesis entitled Public health administration in Egypt under British rule, 1882-1914. In 1960 he was appointed a professor of history at Princeton, a post which he still held in 1994. His writings include Modernization and British colonial rule in Egypt, 1882-1914 (1966), The colonial transformation of Kenya (1976), and Egyptian textiles and British capital, 1930-1956 (1989); he was joint author of Egypt and the Sudan (1967). ConAu 134; DrAS, 1969-1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr,1994; Selim; WhoAm, 1986/87

Tihrani, Ahmad, 1927- see Tehrani, Ahmad Tijani, Kayari, born in 1942 in Nigeria, he studied at Ahmadu Bello University where he also gained a Ph.D. Since 1987 he was affiliated with the University of Maidugun, Nigeria. AfrBiolnd (2)

Tikadze, Merab II'ich, born 6 April 1939 at Tiflis, he graduated in 1963 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis State University and received his first graduate degree in 1972 for cmpmacsue mypeusoeo anaobillecmaa. Miliband2

eoooo

a nepuoo

Tikhomirov, Mikhail Nikolaevich, born in 1893, he studied history at Moscow and became an authority on the history of Russia and its relations with Byzantium and the Slavs. His writings include ,D,peaHepyccxue eopooe (1946), its translation, The towns of ancient Russia (1959), McmoliHuKoaeoeHue ucmopuu CCCP (1962), POCCUfi a XVI cmonemuu (1962), and he was joint editor of The Slavs and the East (Paris, 1965). He died in 1965. GSE; LC

Tikhonov, Dmitrii Ivanovich, born in 1906 in Russia, he graduated in 1936 from Leningrad Oriental Institute and received his first degree in 1941 for Boccmenue 1864 eooe a Bocmouuon TypKecmaHe; he received a doctorate in 1968 at Leningrad for xosnacmeo u 06w,ecmaeHHbl{} cmpot: y{}aypcKoao eocyoepcmee X-XIV aa. From 1936 to 1961 he was affiliated with his alma mater. He died 27 January 1987. Miliband; Miliband2

Tikhonov, Nikolai Semenovich, born in 1896 at St. Petersburg, he was a poet and novelist. He saw service in the Red Army at the defence of Leningrad, an experience which is reflected in his writings.

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He also wrote of life and living conditions in the Central Asian republics of the Soviet Union. Since 1949 he has chairman of the Soviet peace committee. He died in Moscow, 8 February 1979. AzarbSE,

vol. 9, pp. 291-292; CasWL; CIDMEL; ConAu 85-88; GSE; IntWW,1974/75-1978/79; IntYB, 1981, 1982; Master (6); Note; WhoSocC, 1978; WhoWor, 1974/75

Tikhonova, Tat'iana Pavlovna, born 20th cent., her writings include Coeemcsen «onuenuun apa6c«oeo Ha~UOHanU3Ma (1984), and Konuenuu» apa6cKoao eouncmee Cemu anb-Xycpu, and its Arabic translation in 1987. LC; ZKO Tikku, Girdhari Lal, born 18 August 1925 at Srinagar, he was educated at Panjab and Tehran universities. Since 1968 he was affiliated with the Department of Comparative Literature in the University of Illinois, Urbana. His writings include Persian poetry in Kashmir, 1339-1846 (1971). ConAu 45-48; DrAS, 1969,1974,1978 F; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1994

Tilavov, Bozor T., born 25 February 1932 at Panchakent, Uzbekistan, he received a doctorate in 1975 in philology. He was an authority on Tajik folklore. His writings include Iknmuse maO>KUKCKUX HapooHblX nocnoeuu U noeoeopox (1967). EST, vol. 7, cols. 1082-83 Tilgner, Ulrich, born in 1948, he was a journalist and a free-lance radio reporter who had several Iran assignments. He edited Umbruch im Iran (1979). LC Tilho, Jean, born in 1876, he was a soldier who spent most of his career in Black Africa and the Sahara. After a first assignment to Madagascar, he arrived in Africa in 1899. From 1902 to 1908 he accomplished his first boundary mission to Niger and Chad. After spending four years with the Service geographique de l'Arrnee, he returned to Chad in 1912 to serve under Colonel Largeau in the campaigns of Borku-Ennedi and Ain Galaka. During the following four years he conducted scientific explorations in the surrounding area. Since 1915 he was involved in reconnaissance of central and southern Tibesti, and of Borku and the Ennedi Mountains. He resigned his military career in 1917. His writings include Du lac Tchad aux montagnes du Tibesti (1926), Le Tchad et la capture du Logone par Ie Niger (1947), and he edited Documents scientifiques de la mission Tllho, 1906-1909 (1910). He died in Paris, 8 April 1956. Travaux de I'Institut de Recherches sahariennes 14 (1956), p. 11 Till, Walter Curt Franz Theodor Carl Alois, born 22 February 1894 at Stockerau, Austria. For apparent practical reasons he studied commercial subjects at the Exportakademie, Wien, and in 1916 entered a business career. A year later it also became apparent that this had been an unfortunate choice. He matriculated at the Universltat in 1917 and pursued ancient Near Eastern studies and Indian philosophy. He received a Dr.phil. in 1920 for Die Personalpronomina im Agyptischen und Semitischen. He became head of the Oriental section, Papyrussammlung der Wiener Nationalbibliothek. After the war he was a visiting professor of Coptic first at Cairo and then at Manchester where he served succesively as a senior lecturer and reader. His writings include Die Arzneikunde der Kopten (1951), and Koptische Grammatik; Sardischer Dialekt (1955). He died 3 September 1963. Bulletin de la Societe d'archeologie copte 17 (1963/64), pp. 1-12; DtBE; KUrschner,1928/29; Egyptology; Teichl; Wer; WZKM 61 (1967), pp. 1-6

Tillabaev, Rustam Abdusamatovich, born 1 May 1945 in Uzbekistan, he graduated in 1967 from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent State University, and received his first graduate degree in 1976 for CeMb MyannaK. Miliband2 Tillett, Lowell Ray, born 6 December 1923 at Tazewell, Tenn., he received a Ph.D. in 1955 in history from the University of North Carolina. Since 1947 he was a professor at the Department of History, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, N.C. His writings include The great friendship; Soviet historians on the non-Russian nationalities (1969). DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H Tillion, Germaine Marie Rosine, born 30 May 1907 at Allegre (Haute-Loire), she was educated at the Universite de Paris, Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, and Ecole du Louvre, Paris. She participated in 1964/65 in the C.N.R.S. mission to the Tuareg. Her writings include L'Algerie en 1957 (1957), its translation, Algeria; the realities (1958), L'Afrique bascule vers I'avenir; 1'Algerie (1960), Le Harem et les cousins (1966), Les Enemies complememelree (1960), its translation, France and Algeria, complementary enemies (1961), Le Harem et les cousins (1966), and its Spanish translation in 1967. ConAu 104; Master (2); WhoWor, 1971/72-1974/75

Tillman, Seth Phillip, born 26 August 1930 at Springfield, Mass., he graduated in 1951 from Syracuse University and received a Ph.D. in 1959 from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. He was staff director of the Senate Subcommittee on Near East Affairs from 1961 to 1967, and a staff member of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations from 1971 to 1977, and subsequently research professor of diplomacy at Georgetown University School of Foreign Service, a post which he still held in 1994. His writings include Anglo-American relations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, a work which is

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based on his doctoral dissertation, and The United States in the Middle East (1982).

AmW&WS, 1973,

19785; ConAu 1-4; NatFacDr,1994; Note; WhoGov, 1972/73-1977; WhoS&SW, 1973-1976/77

Tillmann, Hugo, born 17 September 1893 at Brandswald, St. Goar, Germany, he was in 1949 a lecturer in agricultural cooperatives at the Freie Universitat Berlin. DtBiind (1); KOrschner, 1950, 19541 Tilman, Harold William, born 14 February 1898 at Wallasey, Cheshire, he was educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He resigned from the services in 1919 and became a farmer in Kenya until 1933. He was an accomplished mountaineer. He died in 1977 or 1978. ConAu 103; DNB; IntAu&W, 1977; Master (3); Who was who 7

Tiltack, Curt, fl. 1954, he was the author of the pamphlet, Die Lehren des Islams (Hamburg, Ahmadiyya-Mission des Islams, 1957). ZKO Timbal, Prosper, he received a doctorate in 1924 at Toulouse for Des donations renumeretoires en droit romain et en droit frangais. In 1946 he was a conseiller at the Cour d'appel, Beyrouth. His writings include Le Cheque en droit libanais (1946). BN Timm, Klaus, born 1 October 1934 at Stettin, Germany, he received a Dr.sc.phil. in 1974 at Leipzig for Soziale, nationale und ideo-Iogische Aspekte der revolutioneren Umgestaltung im Vorderen Orient, insbesondere in der Arabi-schen Republik Agypten. He was a professor of Third World politics at Sektion Asienwisenschaften, Humboldt Universltat, Berlin. He was joint author of Die muslimische Frau zwischen Tradition und Fortschritt (1976), and Westbank und Gaza (1988). KOrschner, 1992, 1996; Thesis

Timmer, Charles Peter, born 29.July 1941 at Troy, Ohio, he graduated in 1963 magna cum laude in economics at Harvard and received a Ph.D. in 1969 for On measuring technical efficiency. He held a variety of academic posts at home and abroad. His writings include Getting prices right (1986), The corn economy of Indonesia (1987), and he edited Agriculture and the state; growth, employment and poverty in developing countries (1991). NatFacDr, 1994; WhoAm, 1980-1988/89,2001 Timofeev, Igor' Vladimirovich, fl. 1975, his writings include Jl/6H 5ammyma (1983), CmpaHbl nepcuocsoeo senuee a nonumuxe uenepuenusve (1983), and 5UpyHU (1986). LC Timofeev, Sergei Akimovich, born in 1916 in Russia, he graduated in 1945 from the Military Foreign Language Institute, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1953 for CnO>KHOnOOI./UHeHHble

npeOnO>KeHUR c npUOamOI./HblMe onpeoenumenbHblMu a coeoeuennno» apa6cKoM numepamypHoM R3b1Ke. He subsequently taught at the Institute; in 1956 he became a lecturer. He was joint author of YI./e6HHUKa eeuttemcsoeo ousnesme (1961). Miliband 2

Timoni, Alexandre, he died in 1856. His writings include Nouvelles promenades dans Ie Bosphore (Constantinople, 1844), and Tableau synoptique et pittoresque des litteratures les plus remarquables tant anciennes que modernes (Paris, 1853). NUC, pre-1956 Timoni (Tlmone/Tlmonlus/Turovnc), Emanuel, born 17th cent. at Khios, Southern Sporades, he was a medical doctor. He became a member of the universities of Padova and Oxford as well as the Royal Society, London. He discovered the method of inoculation by incision. His writings include Bericht wie es sicht mit dehnen Poken so man einen ansetzet verhelt (Stockholm, 1713), Tractatus bini de nova variolas per transplantationem excitanti methodo (Leiden, 1721), and Some account of what is said of inoculation or transplanting the small pox (Boston, 1721). He died in Constantinople after 1741. Britlnd (1); EEE; GDU; Megali

Timsit, Gerard Marcel Morse, born 22 January 1935 at Alger, he received a diploma at I'lnstitut d'etudes politiques d'Alger and a doctorate in law in 1960 at Paris for Le Role de la notion de fonction administrative en droit administratif trencets. From 1965 to 1967 he was successively a professor of law at Alger and SaarbrOcken. Since 1976 he taught in Paris. His writings include Administrations et etets (1987), Gouverner etjuger (1995), and Archipel de la norme (1997). WhoFr, 1984/85-2001 Tinbergen, Jan, born 12 April 1903 at s'Gravenhage, he was from 1933 to 1973 a professor of economics at Nederlands Economische Hogeschool, Rotterdam. In 1969 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics. His writings include Economische bewegingsleer (1943), its translation, The dynamics of business cycles (1950), and Beperkte concurrentie (1946). He died in 1994. ConAu 5-8,145, new rev. 2; IntWW, 1974/75-1993/94; IntYB, 1978-82; KOrschner, 1970-1992; Master (6); Who, 1974-1994; WhoAm, 1972/731976/77; WhoEc, 1986, 1999; WhoUN, 1975; WhoWor, 1974/75-1993/94; Wie is dat, 1948; Wie is wie, 1984-1988

Tinker, Hugh Russell, born 20 July 1921 in England, he was educated at Cambridge and London, where he received a Ph.D. in 1951. He was a professor at the University of London from 1948 to 1969 and at the University of Lancaster from 1977 to his retirement. His writings include Foundations of selfgovernment in India, Pakistan, and Burma (1954), and India and Pakistan; a short political analysis

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(1962). He died 15 April 2000.

BlueB, 1975, 1976; ConAu 5-8, new rev., 3; Who's who, 1974-2000; WhoWor,

1974/75,1976/77; WrDr, 1976/78-1999

Tinnefeld, Franz Hermann, born 19 February 1937 at Dusseldorf, he gained a Dr.phil. and Dr.habil. and became a professor of Byzantine studies at the Universitat Munchen. His writings include Kategorien der Kaiserkritik in der byzantinischen Historiographie (1971), and Die frOhbyzantinische Gesel/schaft (1977). KOrschner, 1987-2001 Tinthoin, Robert Maxime Frederic, born 19 January 1904 at Paris, he studied at Paris and Alger, where he received a doctorate in 1948 for L'Aspects physiques du Tel/ oranais. He was from 1938 to 1956 archiviste en chef of the Departement d'Oran and concurrently since 1956 director of the Musee d'Oran. In 1960 he served as directeur of the Services d'archives des Deux-Sevres, His writings include his these complementeire entitled Colonisation et evolution des genres de vie dans la region d'Oran de 1830 a 1835 (1947), and Oranie; sa geographie, son histoire, ses centres vitaux (Oran, 1952). NUC, pre-1956; WhoFr, 1961/62-1967/681 Tinto, Vincent, born 20th cent., he was in 1986 a professor of education at Syracuse University, a post which he still held in 2002. His writings include Leaving col/ege (1987). NatFacDr, 1995-2002 Tipeev, Shamson Islamovich, born in 1900 in Bashkortostan Republic, he was an historian and party official whose writings include K ucmopuu neuuouensnoeo OaU>KeHUFI u Coeemcxoti Beui-xupuu, 19171929 ee. (Ufa, 1929), and 04epKu no ucmopuu 6awKupuu (Ufa, 1930). BashkKE; NUC, pre-1956 Tipton, Charles Leon, born 20 September 1932 at Erick, Okla., he graduated from the University of Southern California, where he also gained a Ph.D. in 1964 with a thesis entiled The English language of the Knights Hospital/ers during the Great Schism. Since 1971 he was a professor of history at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. He was the compiler of Nationalism in the middle ages (1972). ConAu 41-44; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H

Tirant, Gilbert, born 19th cent., he was a biologist, particularly of South Asia, and joint author, with Fleury Rebatel, of Notes meaiceies recueillies en Tunisie (1874). His trace is lost after a publication in 1904. BN Tirmizi, Sayyid Akbarali Ibrahimali, M.A., born 8 June 1924 at Baroda, he was a sometime director of the National Archives of India, and a lecturer at Zakir Husain College in the University of Delhi. Later he became affiliated with the School of Archival Studies, New Delhi. His writings include Edicts from the Mughal harem (Delhi, 1979), Indian sources for African history (1988-89), Maulana Azad (1991), and he edited Persian letters of Ghalib (1969). India who's who, 1988/89-2000/2001 von Tischendorf, Lobegott Friedrich Aenothens Constantin, born 18 January 1815 at Lengenfeld, Saxony, he studied theology and philosophy at Leipzig, where he gained a Dr.phil. and Dr.habil. He subsequently travelled in western Europe and the Levant, visiting St. Catherine Monastery in Sinai in 1844. Since 1859 he was a professor of theology and Biblical palaeography at Leipzig. His writings include Reise in den Orient (1846-47), Wann wurden unsere Evangelien verfaBt? (1865), its translations, Wanneer werden onze Evangelien vervaardigd? (1865), and When were our Gospels written? (1866). He died in Leipzig, 7 December 1874. ADtB, vol. 38, pp. 371-373; Bioln 10; CelCen; DcBiPP; DtBE; DtBilnd (6); LuthC 75

Tischert, Georg, born 7 November 1865 at Calbach, Hessen-Darmstadt, he received a doctorate in 1892 at Berlin for Die moderne staatliche Ertrags- und Einkommensbesteuerung in PreuBen, Osterreich und Baden. Thesis

Tisdall, William St. Clair Towers, born 19 February 1859, he was educated at the University of New Zealand, and ordained in 1883. After a brief lectureship at Bishopsdale Theological College, Nelson, New Zealand, he entered, in 1885, a missionary career, first in Lahore and later in Amritsar and Bombay. In 1892 he became head of the Church Missionary Society in Persia as well as the Baghdad Mission. When Dr. Robert Bruce retired from his Julfa (Isfahan) station in 1893, he succeeded him until ill health compelled him to go to England. In 1903 he received an honoray doctorate in divinity from Edinburgh University. In 1919 he was vicar of St. George-the-Martyr Corporation Church, Deal, Kent. His writings include the translation of four Gospels into Kurdish as well as Religion of the Crescent (1895), Modern Persian conversation grammar (1902), A Manual of the leading Muhammadan objections to Christianty (1904), Original sources of the Qur'an (1905), and A conversation grammar of Hindustani (1911). He died 1 December 1928. Britlnd (1); Dictionary of New Zealand biography, pp. 386-387; Lodwick; Riddick; Who was who, 2

Tisserand, Louis Eugene, born 26 May 1830 at Flavigny (Meurthe), he started his education at the College de Phalsbourg and continued at I'lnstitut national agronomique from 1850 to 1852. Subse-

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quently he took courses at the Musee d'Histoire naturelle, College de France, and the Sorbonne before embarking on research visits to the main countries of western Europe. He was inspecteur-general de l'Agriculture from 1871 to 1879 and subsequently became directeur de I'Agriculture. His writings include Etude sur t'economie rurale de l'Alsace (1869). He died in 1925. Curinier; IndexBFr2 (2); Qui etesvous, 1924

Tisserant, Eugene Gabriel Gervais Laurent, cardinal, born 24 March 1884 at Nancy, he was appointed dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1951. He was recognized as one of the greatest living human repositories of knowledge of the Near East of his day. His writings include L'Eglise militante (1950), and he edited and translated Livre de la lampe des tenebres et de I'exposition (Iumineuse) du service (de I'eglise), par AbO'I-Barakat (1928). He died in 1972. Bulletin de la Societe d'archeologie copte 21 (1971/72), pp. 223-233; Master (2); ObitT, 1971, p. 531; WhAm 5; WhoFr, 1959/60-1971/72

Tissot, Charles Joseph, born 23 August 1828 at Paris, he obtained a doctorate in 1863 from the Universite de Dijon for Les proxenies grecques et leur analogie avec les institutions consulaires modernes. After entering the French foreign service he was appointed successively vice-consul in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire. In 1866, he became deputy director of political affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, followed by ambassadorial appointments in London (1869), Morocco (1870), and the Ottoman Empire (1876). He was a member of the Acadernie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres since 1880. His writings include Exploration scientifique en Tunisie: geographie comparee de la Province romaine d'Afrique (1884-1891). He died in Paris, 2 July 1884. Index BFr (2); Vapereau Tissot, Eugene, born early 19th cent., he was an engineer whose writings include Almanach pour l'ennee 1583 de tere copte, traduit de I'arabe (1867). His trace is lost after a publication in 1880. Note Titanian, Zareh, pseud., 1875 or 6-1919 see Raffi, Aram Titley, Norah Mary, born 12 December 1920 at Westacre, Norfolk, she was a curator of Turkish and Persian manuscripts at the British Museum, London. Her writings include Miniatures from Persian manuscripts (1977), and Persian miniature painting and its influence on the art of Turkey and India (1983). ConAu 118; IntAu&W,1989; Note Titov, Evgenii Grigor'evich, born 10 November 1929 in Smolensk Oblast, he graduated in 1952 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow. He received his first degree in 1960 and his doctorate in 1976 with a thesis entitled nccneaoeeuun no eoeuuemuxe coepuennoeo euxepcnoeo R3b1Ka. Since 1957 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His writings include CoapeMeHHblu aMxapcKuu R3blK (1971), and its translation, The modern Amharic language (1976).

Miliband; Miliband2

Titus, Murray Thurston, born 5 November 1885 at Batavia, Ohio, he was a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University, and Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford, Conn. In September 1910 he went as a missionary to the Methodist Mission, Budaun, India, where, in 1930, he was co-founder of the Henry Martyn School of Islamic Studies, Aligarh. From 1941 to 1943, he was president of Lucknow Christian College. After his return to the United States in 1951, he was professor of missions and world religions at Westminster Theological Seminary in Maryland, a post he held until his retirement in June of 1955. His writings include Indian Islam (1930), a work which was originally presented as his thesis at Hartford in 1927, The young Moslem looks at life (1937), and Islam in India and Pakistan (1959). He died in Elyria, Ohio, on 31 October 1964. Master (3); MW 53 (1963),324-331; WhAm 7; WhoAm, 1977-1981 Titus, Paul Merlin, born 19 May 1904 at Fort Wayne, Ind., he was a graduate of Oberlin College and Cornell as well as Princeton University where he received a Ph.D. in 1933. He subsequently served until his retirement in 1972 as Edwin M. Stanton Professor of Economics at Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio. In 1962-63 he was a consultant to the Government of Jordan, participating in the formulation of Jordan's seven-year plan. Note; WhoAm, 1970/71-1976/77 Titzel, Elizabeth (Mrs. Rudolf Meyer Riefstahl), born 19th cent., after the first World War she was for three years a member of the editorial staff of Asia, published by the American Asiatic Association of New York. She travelled extensively in Asia Minor and greater Syria both in the course of her duties as well as with her husband. Note Tiuliaev, Semen Ivanovich, born in 1898 at Moscow, he received a doctorate in 1963 with a thesis entitled UCKyccmao UHOUU. His writings include ApxumeKmypa UHOUU (1939), naMRmHuKu ucxyocmee UHOUU a c06paHuRx My3eea CCCP (1955), and UCKyccmao UHOUU (1968). He died on 19 December 1993. Miliband; Miliband2 Tiurin, Vladimir lI'ich, born 8 September 1938 in Tambov Oblast, he graduated in 1960 from Saratov State University, where he also received his first degree in 1969 with a thesis entitled AepapHaR Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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nonumuxe ttpeeumenscmee ttexucmene, 1947-1965. Since 1961 he was affiliated with his alma mater. His writings include AapapHble np06neMbl naKucmaHa (1968).

Miliband 2

Tixier, Gilbert Pierre, born 12 June 1926 at Paris, he was educated at Louis-Ie-Grand, Faculte de droit de Paris, and Harvard Law School. He served for ten years each as a lawyer at the Cour d'appel de Paris, and as a professor of law at the Universite de Poitiers. He was for five years director of the Ecole de droit d'Abidjan as well as a sometime visiting professor at the faculties of law in Cairo and Alexandria. His writings include Le Ghana (1965), Droit fiscal international (1986), and he was joint author of L'lmpot sur les grandes fortunes (1982). Note; WhoFr, 1984-2001 Tkatsch, Jaroslaus, born in 1871, he was a Greek scholar and edited for the Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Die arabische Obersetzung der Poetik des Aristoteles und die Grundlage der Kritik des griechischen Textes (1828-32). He died in 1927. FOck, p. 273, note 669; GAS II, p. 12; Sezgin Tkhorzhevskii, Lev L'vovich, 20th cent., he was. joint author of Pycceo-epetckut) meXHUlJeCKUU cnoeeps (1988). LC Toalster, John Peter Claver, born 24 December 1929 at Hull, England, he was educated at St Bede's Grammar School, Bradford, and studied classical philology, philosophy and ancient history at Merton College, Oxford. After military service he was a teacher of Latin in England, and a teacher of English as a foreign language successively at St. Gallen, MOnchen and Nicosia from 1962 to 1967. He was a lecturer in English from 1968 to 1970 at the University of Karachi, and from 1972 to 1977 at the Universltat GieBen where he also received a Dr.phil. in 1977 for Die uigurische Xuan-Zang-Biographie; 4. Kapitel mit Obersetzung und Kommentar. Thesis

Tobias, P. F. Laging, 1834 see Laging Tobias, Philip Franz Tobler, Titus, born 25 June 1806 at Stein, Kanton Appenzell, Switzerland, he was a physician and an explorer who became regarded as the founder of the German school of Palestine exploration. His writings include Behtlehem in Petestine (1849), and Bibliographia geographia Palestinae (1867). He died in MOnchen, 21 January 1877. Heinrich Jakob Heim wrote Dr. Titus Tobler, der Pelestinetenrer, ein Appenzeller Lebensbild nach handschriftlichen Quellen bearbeitet (1879). ADtB, vol. 38, pp. 395-402; BiD&SB; DtBE; DtBilnd (3); Embacher; Zeitschriftdes Deutschen Palastina-Vereins 1 (1878), pp. 47-60

Tocci, Franco Michelini, 1937- see Michelini Tocci, Franco Tod, John Kelso, born 19th cent., he was educated at Clifton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He served in the Indian Army, the Aden Hinterland Boundary Commission, 1901-1903, and the campaign in Trans-Caspia, 1918-1919. He died in 1946. Who, 1943-1946; Who was who, 4 Toda y Guell, Eduardo, born in 1852 at Reus, Tarragona, he studied law and subsequently entered the foreign service. He was from 1884 to 1886 Spanish consul-general in Egypt. His writings include La muerte en el antiguo Egipto (1887), and Guia de Espana y Portugal (1892). He died in 1941. Dicc bio; Egyptology; EncicUni; IndiceE3 (4)

Todd, Elliott d'Arcy, born 28 January 1808 at London, he entered the military college of the East India Company at Addiscombe in 1822, and served as an officer in India from 1824. On account of his command of Persian, he was dispatched to Persia to train the Persian army in 1833. On 27 January 1841 he was appointed political agent at Herat, but withdrew the mission on 8 February 1841 to Kandahar, without having received definite instructions to do so. His action was disproved of and he had to join his regiment for military duty as a subaltern. He died in the battle of Firozshah, 21 December 1845. Britlnd (1); Buckland; DNB; Riddick; Wright Todd, Emmanuel, born in 1951, his writings include La Chute finale (1976), La Nouvelle France (1988), its translation, The Making of modern France (1991), Le Destin des immiqres (1997), and L'lIIusion economlque (1999). LC Todd, John Aiton, born in 1875 at Glasgow, he studied at Oxford and Glasgow. From 1907 to 1912 he was a lecturer in economics at the Khedivial School of Law, Cairo, and from 1923 to 1940 a principal of the City School of Commerce, Liverpool. His writings include Political economy, a handbook of economics and public finance for Egyptian students (1910), The Cotton world (1927), and The Marketing of cotton (1934). WhE&EA Todorov, Ivo, 20th cent., his writings include Me)/(oyHapooHu omnotuenun U euvuine nonumuke Ha Hepoone pettytinuk» 5bnaapufl (1987). LC Todorov, Nikolai Todorov, born 21 June 1921 at Varna, Bulgaria, he was a reader in Balkan history since 1957 and in 1964 became director of the Institute of Balkan Studies, Sofia. In 1970 he entered

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the foreign service. His writings include 5anKaHcKuflm epao (1972), and its translation, The Balkan city, 1400-1900 (1983), OCs060)f(OeHUemo Ha 5bneapufl om OCMaHCKO ueo and its translation, Bulgaria's liberation from Ottoman oppression (1987), and a collection of his articles, La Ville balkanique sous les Ottomans (1977). ConAu 132; Koi, 1998; WhoUN 1975 Todorova, Mariia Nikolaeva, born 20th cent., her writings include n006paHu U3S0pU sa ucmopunme Ha 6anKaHcKume Hapoou XV-XIX ee« (Sofia, 1977), and Anenu», POCCUFI U mensunem (Moscow, 1983). LC Todua, Magali Areevich, born 19 January 1927 at Salkhino, Georgia, he graduated in 1949 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis, and received his first degree in 1954 for «nOOpa>KaHUFI 'Tocmecmenu" S maO>KUKcKoiJ U nepcuocKOU numepamype.» He received a doctorate in 1967. Since 1960 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Georgian Academy of Science. His writings include G. G. Op6enuaHoscKafi eepcus itKanunbl U ,[JUMHUbl. it (Tiflis, 1967), rpy3uHcKo-nepcuocKue 3myobl (1971), and he was joint editor of Buc sa PaMuH, by Fakhr ai-Din Gurgani (1970). Miliband 2 Toepfer, Alfred Gustav Carl Kurt, born 13 July 1894 at Hamburg, he was a businessman and philanthropist who wrote numerous articles on agrarian policies and conservation. He was awarded a honorary doctorate by the Unlversltat Kiel. He died in Wohldorf near Hamburg, 8 October 1993. DtBE; IntWW, 1973/74-1981; Wer ist wer, 1983-1991/92

Toepfer, Helmuth, born 11 October 1943 at Erkelenz, Germany, he studied geography, history and economics from 1963 to 1967. He received a Dr.phil. in 1967, and Dr.habil. in 1975 for Untersuchungen zur Wirtschafts- und Sozialstruktur der Dorfbevolkerung der Provinz Baghlan, Afghanistan. Since 1967 he was affiliated with the Institut fur Wirtschaftsgeographie at Bonn. He conducted field-work in Afghanistan in addition to teaching several semesters as a visiting lecturer at Kabul University. DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES,1993; KOrschner, 1983-2001; Note Togan, Ahmed Zeki Velidi, born in 1891 in Bashkiria. After a strict Muslim upbringing, he early embarked on an intellectual career, combining his studies of Arabic and Persian with a higher education in Russian. After studing at Kazan he was appointed a teacher in a madrasah at Ufa, where he became interested in politics. He was elected as a representative of Bashkiria to the short-lived constituent assembly of 1918. His association with Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin concerning the future of the Muslim peoples of Russia ended in bitter disappointment, and in 1920 he repaired to Bukhara, from where, with Enver Pasha, he played an important part in the Basmachi rebellion. In 1923 he was obliged to leave Turkestan for ever. After three years spent in Persia, Afghanistan and Europe, he settled in 1927 in Turkey, where he was appointed a professor in history. In 1935 he received a Dr.phil. from the Universitat Wien with a thesis entitled Ibn Fadlans Reiseberichte; seine Berichte aber Erlebnisse der arabischen Gesandtschaft im Lande der Oguzen, Peceneqen, Baschkiren und Bulgaren. His writings include Buganka Turkllt ve yekm tarihi (1947). On his sixtieth birthday he was honoured by 60. dogum yll1 mansasebetiyle Zeki Velidi Togan ermeqen (1950-55). He died in 1970.

AnaBrit; Asian affairs 58 (1971), p. 56; Central Asiaticjouma/14 (1970), pp. 309-310; Index Islamicus (1); Schwarz, #1616; TatarES

Tognolo, Antonio, born 20th cent., he edited Saint Thomas Aquinas' L'uomo e I'universo opuscoli filosofici (Milano, 1982). LC Togoshvili (T'oqosvlll), Georgii Davidovich, born 20th cent., he edited nomopun Ocemuu s oOKyMeHmax u uemeouenex (1962), and Foysuno-ceeeooxeexescsue S3aUMoomHoweHUFI (1981). LC Tohidi, Nayereh Esfahani, born in 1951, she received a Ph.D. in 1982 for Sex differences in cognitive performance on Piaget-like tasks. She became a lecturer and research scholar at the Center for the Study of Women, U.C.L.A. She received a Fulbright grant to lecture during the 1991/92 academic year in Russian Azerbaijan. In 1995 she was affiliated with the Department of Religion, Harvard Divinity School, a post which she still held in 2002. NatFacDr, 1995-2002; Note Toinet, Marie-France, born 11 January 1942 at Paris, she was educated at Paris, where she received a doctorate in 1969. This was followed by study at Kennedy School of Government and Harvard University. She was since 1963 a research fellow at the Foundation nationale des sciences politiques, Paris, specializing in U.S. politics. She was a visiting professor at the University of California, University of Iowa, Yale University, and the University of Michigan. Her writings include La Gour supreme (1989), La Presidence emenceine (1996), and she was joint author of Le llberelisme a t'emenceine (1989). WhoWor, 1989/90, 1991/92 Toivonen, Yrjo Henrik, born 19 January 1890 at Koskis, Finland, he was a philologist and a sometime professor at Helsingfors. His writings include Zur Geschichte der finnisch-ugrischen inlautenden

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Affrikaten, and he edited Ostjakisches ScanBlnd (1); Vem och dat, 1941, 1948

wonetbucn,

by K. F. Karjalainen (1948). He died in 1956.

Tokarev, Sergei Aleksandrovich, born 29 December 1899 at Tula, he was from 1939 to 1973 a professor of history at Moscow State University. His writings include OllepK ucmopuu nxymceoeo nepooe (1940), 06w,ecm8eHHblu cmpoi: RKym08 XVII-XVIII 88. (1945), 3mHoepaepuR nepoooe CCCP (1958), Penueus 8 ucmopuu nepoooe uupe (1964), and its translation, Religion und Geschichte der Volker (1978). He died 19 April 1985. GSE Tokareva, Zinaida Ivanovna, born 29 April 1928 in Tambov Oblast, she graduated in 1951 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and received her first degree in 1955 for 06pa308aHue KOMMyHucmllKou napmuu Typu,uu u ce pon» 8 60pb6e mypeueoeo Hapooa se He3a8UCUMocmb. Since 1960 she was affiliated with the Africa Institute in the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Her writings include Toeonesoxsn Pecnytinuke (1962), Opeenuseuu» aeppuKaHcKoeo eouncmee, and its translation, Organization of African Unity (1989). Miliband2 Tolba (Tulbah), Mostafa Kamal, born 8 December 1922 at Gharbiyah, Egypt, he received a Ph.D. in 1949 in microbiology from the University of London. He was successively an administrator and politician in Egypt, and executive director, United Nations Environmental Program. His writings include Development without destruction (1982). AfricaWW, 1996; Bioln 11; IntWW, 1990/91-1995/96; WhoArab, 1981/82-2001/2002; WhoUN, 1975, 1992; WhoWor, 1978/79

Tolbort, Thomas William Hooper, fl. 1871-78, he edited in Roman characters Daniel Defoe's Rf1binsan Kruso from the Persian translation of Sher Ali of Kabul (1878). BLC Toledano, Ehud R., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1979 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled The suppression of the slave trade in the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century. He was in 1990 a professor of Middle Eastern history, Tel-Aviv University. His writings include The Ottoman slave trade and its suppression (1982), State and society in mid-nineteenth-century Egypt (1992), and Slavery and abolition in the Ottoman Middle East (1997). MESA Roster of members, 1990; Selim2

Toledano, Henry, born 18 January 1931, he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Columbia University for The chapter on marriage from Sijilmasi's "al-'Amal al-mutlaq;" a study in Moroccan judicial practice. He was in 1990 a professor of comparative literature and languages, Hofstra Univer-sity, Hempstead, N.Y., a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Judicial practice and family law in Morocco (1981), and Goreyography (1996). MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr,1995; Selim Tolkowsky, Samuel, born 27 June 1886 at Antwerp, he was an agronomist and a diplomat. His writings include The Jewish colonization in Palestine (1918), a work which was also published in French, German, and Portuguese, The gateway of Palestine; a history of Jaffa (1924), and Hesperides (1937). He died in 1965. NearMEWho, 1945/46; Wholsrael, 1949-1958; WhoWorJ, 1955, 1965 Toll, Carl Christopher, born 9 March 1931 at Stockholm, he received a doctorate in 1969. He was a librarian at the Institute of Semitic Languages, Uppsala, until 1968 when he became a professor successively at Uppsala, Goteborq, and Stockholm. His writings include Notes on Higazi dialects Gamidi (Copenhagen, 1983), and he was joint author of Arabiska handskrifter (Stockholm, 1989); he was joint author of Gunnar Jarring; en bibliografi (1977); and he edited and translated from the Arabic, Die beiden Edelmetalle Gold und Silber (1968). IWWAS, 1975/76; ScBlnd (1); Vem er det, 1979-2001 Toll', Nicholas Peter, his writings include tery (New Haven, 1943). NUC, pre-1956

Konmcn» mKaHU (Praha, 1928), and The green glazed pot-

Tolmacheva, Marina Aleksandrovna, born 9 July 1943 at Dushanbe, she was a historian who was trained in the Soviet Union where she also took her doctorate in 1970. In 1977 she began her long affiliation with the Department of History, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash. For some time after 1977 she taught at the University of Toledo, Ohio. DrAS, 1978 H, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; Schoeberlein

Tolman, Herbert Cushing, born in 1865, he was a graduate of Yale University where he also received his Ph.D. in 1890. For post-graduate study he went to Berlin and MOnchen. He was a professor of classical and ancient Near Eastern philology at a variety of American universities. His writings include A guide to the Old Persian inscriptions (1893), The art of translating (1901), and Ancient Persian lexicon (1908). He died in 1923. BiD&SB; DAB; Master (4); NatCAB, vol. 9, p, 147, vol. 26, p. 198; WhAm, 1 Tolra de Bordas, Joseph Jean Baptiste Francois, born in 1824 (or 1832) at Prades (Pyreneesorientales), he studied law and also praticed his profession for some time. He later pursued an ecclesiastic career, teaching rhetoric and philosophy at the Petit-Semlnalre de Prades. He spent some Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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time at Roma. He returned to France in ill-health and died at a Franciscan monastery in Toulouse on 5 November 1890; he was buried in Prades. His writings include Notice historique, religieuse et topographique sur Forga Real (Perpignan, 1859), and Tableau a'etudes historiques en France au dixneuvieme steele (Toulouse, 1868). BN; IndexBFr2 (1); NUC, pre-1956 Tolstov, Sergei Pavlovich, born in 1907 at St. Petersburg, he graduated in 1930 from the Institute of History, Moscow State University, and gained a doctorate in 1942 at Tashkent for ,apeaHuiJ Xope3M. In 1943 he was appointed a professor; in this capacity he directed from 1945 to 1970 various archaeological and ethnographic expeditions in Khorezm Oblast. His writings include ,apeaHuiJ Xope3M (1948), Auf den Spuren der altchoresmischen Kultur (1953), no ,apeaHuM oenbmaM OKca u flKcapma (1962), and he edited t1cmopuu Y36eKcKoiJ CCP (1955). He died on 28 December 1976. GSE; Index Islamicus (1); Miliband; Miliband2 ; UzbekSE; WhoSocC, 1978; WhoWor, 1974/75

Tolstova, Lada Sergeevna, born 15 October 1927 at Moscow, she graduated in 1951 from the Faculty of History, Moscow State University, and received her first degree in 1955 for oepeenckue KapaKannexu. Her writings include KapaKannaKu oepeencxot: oonuHbl (1959), ncmoouueceue npeOaHUf/ IO>KHoao npuapanbR (1984), and Botipocu pennet) 3mHUl/eCKoiJ ucmopuu nepoooe npUapanbf/ (1984). She died in 1991. Miliband2 ; Schoeberlein Tolun-Denker, Bedriye, born of Turkish parents at Bitterfeld, Germany, on 17 September 1931, she received her primary and secondary education in Istanbul, where she also studied from 1951 to 1957. She was a university assistant at the Cografya EnstitQsQ until 1961 when she received a German doctoral exchange scholarship. Under her maiden name, Denker, she received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1963 from the Universltat Freiburg im Breisgau with a thesis entiled Die Siedlungs- und Wirtschaftsgeographie der Bursa-Ebene. Her publications after her return to Turkey include Balikesir ovesin'de yettesme ve iktisadi faaliyetler (1970), §ehir igi arazi kullanllisl (1976), and Yettesme cografyasl (1977). LC; Schwarz; Thesis Tolybekov, Sergali Esbembetovich, born 9 March 1907 at Kazaly (Kazalinsk), Kazakstan, his writings include 06w,ecmaeHHo-3KOHOMUl/eCKuiJ cmpoiJ Kesexoe a XVII-XIX eesex (1959), and Koueeoe 06w,ecmao Kesexoe a XVII nevene XX eexe (1971). KazakSE Al-Toma, Salih Jawad, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1957 from Harvard with a thesis entitled The teaching of classical Arabic to speakers of the colloquial in Iraq. In 1961 he was a cultural attache at the Embassy of Iraq in Washington, D.C. Note; Selim Tomadakes (Tomadakis), Nikolaos Basileiou, born 16 May 1907 at Canea (Khania) on Crete, he gained doctorates at Athens and Pisa, and became a professor of Byzantine studies at Athens. His writings include Eiaaywr, Ei~ Tr,V Bu(avTlvr,v cplAoAoyiav (1952), !louKa, KpIT0{300Aou, ~cppavT(f], XaAKoKOVouAf], nEpl asioou»; Tf]~ KWVaTaVTlVOU1T6AEW~, 1453 (1953), and Miscellanea byzantinaneohellenika (Modena, 1972). EVL, 1993/94; Hellenikon,1965; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982 Tomas, Francois, born 10 January 1939 at Manresa, Spain, he received a doctorate in 1974 at Paris for Organisation de I'espace et croissance economique; Ie cas d'Annaba et son eniere-peys. Since 1966 he was a professor at the Unlversite de Saint-Etienne and was its president from 1974 to 1979. His writings, mainly on the Saint-Etienne social and human geography, include Paysages et milieux naturels de la plaine du Forrez (1984). THESAM 2; WhoFr, 1984/85-2001 Tomas Ortiz de la Torre, Jose Antonio, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in law and was a member of several learned academies. His writings include Derecho internacionalprivado (1990), and he was the editor of Las convenciones de la Conferencia de la Haye de Derecho Internacional Privado (1974). LC; Quien es quien en Espana, 1986, 1993 Tomascheck, Wilhelm, born in 1841 at Olrnutz, Moravia, he studied classical philology. He SUbsequently pursued an interest in historical topography and ethnography. After serving some years as a secondary school teacher, he was appointed a professor of geography, with special reference to historical geography of the Levant, first at Graz and then at Wien. His writings include Die Goten in Taurien (1881), Kritik der enesten Nachrichten aber den skytischen Norden (1888), and Topographie von Kleinasien im Mittelalter(1891). He died in Wien in 1901. BioJahr6 (1901), pp. 327-8; DtBE; DtBiind (3) Tomeh (Tu'mah), George Joseph, born in 1917 (or 1922), he was educated at AUB and Georgetown University where he received a Ph.D. in 1951 for Reason and revelation in Islam, with special reference to al-Ghazzali and Averroes. He became a Syrian university professor and diplomat. His writings include the pamphlet Legal status of Arab refugees (1969), and he was joint editor of United Nations resolutions on Palestine, 1947-1974 (1975). MidE, 1980/81; NUC, pre-1956; Selim

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Tomte (Tomitch), Jovan N., born 9 May 1869 at Nova Varos, he was a professor of history at Beograd University. His writings include ipao Knuc bl 1596 eoounu (Beograd, 1908). He died in Beograd, 22 July 1932. BN, 1960-1969; EncJug2

Tomiche, Fernand Jean (John), born 18 August 1917 at Cairo, he was educated at the Faculte de droit de Paris and gained a doctorate. He was a correspondent and government official, affiliated with the World Health Organization. His writings include L'Arabie seoudite (1962), and Syndicalisme et certains aspects du travail en Republique Arabe Unie (1974). WhoUN,1975 Tomiche (Tomiche Dagher), Nada, born 16 April 1923 at Cairo, she received a doctorate at the Universite de Paris and became affiliated with the Institut d'etudes islamique, Paris. Her writings include Napoleon ectivein (1952), Le parler arabe du Caire (1964), L'Egypte moderne (1966), La Lltieretute arabe traduite (1978), Histoire de la litterature romanesque de I'Egypte moderne (1981), and she edited and translated from the Arabic of Ibn Hazm, Eprtre morale (1961). Unesco Tomilov, Nikolai Arkad'evich, born 14 September 1941 at Yeniseisk, Siberia, he was affiliated with the Siberian Branch of the Russian Aademy of Science. His writings include CoapeMeHHble smnuueosue npoueccu cpeou CU6UpCKUX mamap (1978), 3mHoapaepuR mopeossuunoeo necenenun Touocuoeo npU06bR (1980), and np06neMbl npouCXO>KOeHUR u smuu-ecsot: ucmopuu rmopxcxux neooooe Cu6upu (1987). Schoeberlein; TatarES Tomita, Kojiro, born 7 March 1890 at Kyoto, Japan, he joined in 1908 the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, where he was a curator from 1931 to his retirement in 1963. His writings include Portfolio of Chinese paintings in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1933), and A history of the Asiatic Department (1990). Boston Museum bulletin 56 (1958), p. 85; WhAm, 8 Tomitch, Yovan N., 1869-1932 see Tomic, Jovan N. Tomlin, Eric Walter Frederick, born 30 January 1913 in England, he served with the British Council in Iraq, Turkey, and France. Since 1956 he was a cultural attache. He was a sometime lecturer in English at Ankara, and a visiting professor in philosophy in America. His writings include Turkey, the modern miracle (1940), and Life in modern Turkey (1946), The Great philosophers (1949), and its translation, Les Grands philosophes de I'Occident (1951). He died in 1988. Au&Wr, 1971; ConAu 5-8,124, new rev., 3, 85; IntAu&W, 1976-1989; Note; Master (2); Who, 1974-1988; WrDr, 1976-1988/90

Tommasini, Oreste, born 8 July 1844 at Roma, he was a historian of the middle ages and the renaissance, and from 1885 to 1889 affiliated with public instruction at Roma where he died on 9 December 1919. Encltaliana Tomov (Thomov), Toma (Thomas) Stefanov, born 17 November 1891 at Svishtov, Bulgaria, he was a scholar of Romance languages. His writings include Themes et probtemes dans les romans de Chretien de Troyes (Sofia, 1936), and he edited and translated Iloyveme sa MOR Cuo (Sofia, 1984). He died in 1988. EnBulg; LC Tomovski, Krum, born 24 December 1924 at Skopje, he was a university professor of architecture. His writings include Kpamoao; cmapa ephumexmoncxo yp6aHucmuliKa COOp>KUHa (Skopje, 1980); he edited Emnoeenese Ha Jvoyuume u nuenomo necenyeenje Ha 5anKaHom (Skopje, 1986); and he was joint editor of 20 eoounu MaKeooHcKa aKaoeMuja Ha neyxume u yMemHocmume (Skopje, 1988). LC Tcnapetean, Petros, born 19th cent., he edited and translated from the Armenian of Khrimean Hairik, The Making of the kings (London, 1915). His other writings include works in Armenian on the history of Armenians, published between 1947 and 1949. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Toni, Youssef T., he was a graduate of the University of Alexandria, Egypt, and received a Ph.D. degree in 1956 from the University of Durham for his thesis, A study of the social geography of Cyrenaica. Thereafter he was a professor at the Department of Geography in Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont. His writings include Mu'iam al-mustalahat al-jughrafiya (Cairo, 1971). DrASCan, 1978, 1983; Sluglett

von Tonele-Sorin], Adolf Josef Lujo, born 12 April 1915 at Wien, he was a historian and politician who served from 1966 to 1968 as Austrian foreign minister, and from 1969 to 1974 as secretary-general of the Council of Europe. Since 1980 he was a representative of Osterreichische Volkspartei at the European Parliament. His writings include Europa im Werden (1974), and Kroatiens einsamer Kampf (1997). DtBilnd (2); IntWW, 1974-2002; IntYB,1978-1982; Ki kicsoda, 1972, 1981; Teichl; Who, 1974-2001; Who's who in Austria, 1967-1969/70; WhoWor, 1974-1978

von Tonclc-Sorin], Dusan, born 19th cent., he gained a doctorate and was a sometime Austrian consul-general in Jiddah. His trace is lost after a publication in 1915. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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von Tonclc-Sorln], Mabel nee Plason de la Woesthyne, born 19th cent., she was the wife of Dusan von Tonclc-Sorlnj, Her trace is lost after a publication in 1930. Note Toniolo, Elias, fl. 1946, he was joint editor, with Richard Hill, of The opening of the Nile Basin; writings by members of the Catholic Mission to Central Africa on the geography and ethnology of the Sudan, 1842-1881 (1974). BlC Tonjoroff, Svetozar Ivanoff, born in 1870, his writings include Bulgaria, a glimpse; a souvenir of the Allgemeine Hilfsbazar, Philadelphia, April 1916 (New York, Published for the Bulgarian Relief Committee of New York (1916). NUC, pre-1956 Tonnele, Jean, he was a capitaine de vaisseau and in 1953 lived in retirement. His writings include L'Angleterre en Mediterranee (Paris, 1952). Note Toomer, Gerald J., born 20th cent., his writings include Ptolemy's Almagest (1984), Eastern wisedome and learning; study of Arabic in seventeenth-century England (1996); he translated from the Arabic of Apollonius of Perga, Conics, books V to VIII (1990); he edited and translated Diocles on burning mirrors (1976) and he was joint editor of Campanus of Novara and medieval planetary theory (1971). lC van der Toorn, Johannes Ludovicus, born in 1846 at Scheveningen, Netherlands, he began his East Indian career in 1873 at Bandung as an instructor at the Europeesch School. Later in the same year he was transferred to the native teachers college. In 1874 he was appointed deputy second instructor at the college in Fort de Kock, a post which he held until 1896, when he retired with the rank of director and returned to Scheveningen, where he died on 10 January 1909. His writings include Minangkabausche spraakkunst (1899). EncNI; NUC, pre-1956 Topa, Ishwara Nath, born 21 February 1904 at Calcutta, he studied at Allahabai University and the National Muslim University, Aligarh, where he graduated B.A. (Hons) in 1922. From 1924 to 1928 he studied at the Universltat Freiburg im Breisgau, where received a Dr.phil. in 1928 for The growth and development of national thought in India. His writings include Politics in pre-Moghal times (Allahabad, 1938), and Our cultural heritage (Allahabad, 1940). NUC, pre-1956; Thesis Topchian (Thopdschian, T'op'cean, Topdjan), Hagop (Jakob) J., born 24 November 1876 at Chiam (German spelling) near Aintab (Gaziantep), about 60 miles north of Aleppo, he was first educated at a local Armenian school and then at Gregory Academy in Echmiadzin, 13 miles from Erevan, where he obtained a diploma in 1897. During the following two years he worked on a catalogue of manuscripts entitled (in German transliteration) C;ougak dzeragrag Dagean Hagik wardapeti; zolowac 1878-1898 (Echmiadzin, 1898-1900). In 1898 he went to Germany, where he studied Semitic languages at the Universltat Halle, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1904 for Die inneren Zustande von Armenien unter Asot I. aSK; Thesis

Topinard, Paul, born 4 November 1830 at L'lsle-Adam (Seine-et-Oise), he spent ten years in America as a youngster and then returned to study at the Faculte de medecine, Paris. He practised his profession until 1871 when started to study anthropology. Since 1872 he was curator of the collections at the Societe d'anthropologie. Four years later he was appointed a professor of anthropology at l'Ecole d'anthropologie. His writings include L'anthropologie (1876), and its translation, Anthropology (1878). He died in 1911. IndexBFr2 (1); NUC, pre-1956; Vapereau Topper, Uwe, born in 1940, he was the author of Die Sufis im Maghreb (1985), Marchen der Berber (1986), and Sufis und Heilige im Maghreb (1991). lC Topping, Peter William, born 13 May 1916 at Milwaukee, Wise., he graduated in 1937 from the University of Wisconsin and received a Ph.D. in 1942 from the University of Pennsylvania. He was a professor of history and Greek studies at a variety of American universities. From 1953 to 1956 he served as a librarian at the Gennadius Library, Athens. He edited and translated Feudal institutions as revealed in the Assizes of Romania (Philadelphia, Pa., 1949). DrAS, 1969-1982 H; WhoAm, 1974-1988/89 Topuzian (TonY3~H), Onik Khachikovich, born 15 December 1917 at Adapazan, Turkey, he graduated in 1944 at the Armenian Faculty in the Institute of Oriental Literatures, Beirut. He received his first degree in 1962 at Erivan for YlIacmue apMflH a neuuonenuno-ooeoeoaumensnot« u aeMoKpamUlleCKOM aaU>KeHUU Cupuu u Ilueene 1925-1958 ee. His writings include works in Armenian on the history of the Armenian colony in Egypt from 1805 to 1952. Miliband2 Toraldo-Serra, Nicola Maria, born 20th cent., her writings include Le misure provvisorie internazionali (Roma, 1974), and Diplomazia dell'imperialismo e questione orientale, 1914-1922 (1988). lC Torchinskaia, E. G., fl. 1971, she was joint author of KpblMcKue memepu; «emenoe (1989). lC

«onnexuuu

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de Torey, Louis Joseph Gilles, born 10 July 1844 at Pernes (Pas-de-Calais), he graduated in 1865 from the military college of Saint-Cyr, and rose to the rank of general de division in 1899. At the end of the nineteenth century he was sent on a mission to the Levant. He was a grand officier de la Legion d'honneur. His writings include Les Espanols au Maroc en 1909 (1910), and its translation, Los espetiotes en Marruecos en 1909 (1911). His trace is lost after his Discours prononce aux funerailles du Dr. Pannier on 26 November 1928. BN; Peyronnet, p. 756

Torezyner, Harry, 1886-1973 see Tur-Sinai, Naphtali Herz Torelli, Luigi, conte, born 10 February 1810 at Villa di Tirano (Sondrio), he was an agriculturist, industrialist, and senator. His writings include Analisi dell'uomo e dell'umana societe (Milano, 1836), " curato di campagna e la malaria dell'ltalia, dialoghi quindici (Roma, 1884), and La guerra santa d'ltalia, edited by Antonio Monti (1934). He died in 1887. IndBI (4) Torgay, Osman Zeki, born 15 May 1903 at Bayburt, eastern Anatolia, he was a student at agricultural schools in Bursa and Halkah, Constantinople, 1918-1921, before continuing from 1927 at Wirtschaftshochschule, Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1940 for Der Orientteppich; Weltproduktion und Handel. His writings include Der deutsch-tOrkische Handel (1939). Thesis Torma, J6zsef, born 5 October 1943 at Kecskemet, Hungary, he graduated in 1967 in Russian and German from Szeged University. In 1975 he began to study Caucasian languages but soon changed to Turkic languages of the northern Caucasus as well as non-Turkic languages. After some time he began to pursue an interest in Bashkir and had the opportunity to go to Ufa for field-work. He received his second degree in 1980 in Altaic studies and his "candidate of science" in 1998 for a dissertation on the system of the magic elements in Bashkir folk medicine. He was an academic staff member of the Department of Altaic Studies at Szeged. In the 1990s he was Hungarian consul-general in Istanbul and later served as ambassador to the Kazakh Republic. He died after a long illness in 2000. Acta orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 55 (2002), pp. 297-298; MagyarNKK,1992-2000

Tormo y Monzo, Elias, born 23 June 1869, he was an art critic, art historian, archaeologist, and successively served as a professor of fine art and rector, Universidad de Madrid. His writings include Levante; provincias valencianas y murcianas (1923), and Valencia (1932). He died on 21 December 1957. Archivo espeho! de erie 31 (1958), pp. 85-86; EncicUni; IndiceE3 (1)

Baron von Tornau (TornauwlTornow), Nicolaus (Nikolai) Egorovich or Constantin, born 10 December 1811 (or 1812) at Riga, he was educated at the Lyzeum in TSarskoe Selo near St. Petersburg and in 1829 entered the Russian civil service. Since 1848 he was affiliated with the ministry of justice. From 1849 to 1851 he was a director of the chancellery of the General-Gouvernement in Riga and from 1867 to 1870 he served as president of the court of appeal in Kharkov. He retired in 1878. His writings include Das moslemische Recht aus den Quel/en dargestel/t (Leipzig, 1855), 0 npeee coscmeennocmu no MycynbMaHcKoMy sexonooemenecmey (1882), and ocoeennocmu Mycynb-MaHcKaao npaaa (St. Petersburg, 1892). He died in Dresden, 29 April 1882. Baltisch (1); EnSlovar

Tornay, Stephen Chak, born 7 July 1889 at Budapest, he studied at Innsbruck and Wien where he received in 1915 a doctorate in divinity. He also received a Ph.D. in 1934 from the University of Chicago with a thesis entitled William Ockham's philosophy. He later became a lecturer in philosophy and classics at Chicago and Utah. His writings include Ockham; studies and selections (1938). Amlndex (1) Tornberg, Carl Johan(nes), born 23 October 1807 at t.inkoplnq, Sweden, he studied at Uppsala where he also received doctorates in 1833 and 1835. He subsequently went for two years to Paris, where he studied Arabic, Turkish and Persian under Sylvestre de Sacy, A. Jaubert, and E. Ouatrernere, Since 1844 he taught Oriental languages, with special reference to Arabic, at Lund. His writings include Codices orientalis bibliothecre Regire universitatis lundensis (1850), and he edited 'Izz ai-Din Ibn alAthir's Chronicon quod perfectissimum inscribitur (1851). He died in 1877. FOck, p. 199; L'Orient,I'Algerie et les colonies fram;aises 2 (1867), pp. 46-48; ScBlnd (1)

Tornero Poveda, Emilio, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in Semitic philology. He was throughout the 1990s a professor in the Departamento de Estudios Arabes y Islamicos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. His writings include AI-Kindi; la transformaci6n de un pensamiento religioso en un pensamiento racional (1986). Arabismo. 1992, 1994, 1997; LC Torok, Pal, born 1 February 1885 at Koloszvar, Transylvania, he received a doctorate and became a librarian at the Hungarian Academy of Science. His writings include I. Ferdinand konstentinepoly! beketargyalasai 1527-1547 (Budapest, 1930), Magyarorszay tottenete (Budapest, 1943), and its translation, Ungarische Geschichte (Budapest, 1944). He died in Budapest on 22 November 1943. LuthC, 1975; MEL, 1967-1969

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T'orosian (Thorossian), Hrand (Henri/Hiranth) N., 1886-1966. His writings include Histoire de la litterature ermenienne des origines iusqu'e nos jours (Paris, 1951), and Histoire de t'Armenle et du peuple ermenien depuis les temps les plus recutes jusqu'e nosjours (1957). BN; LC; NUC, pre-1956 Torra Ferrer, David, he was the author of Las ordenes militares y Marruecos (Tetuan, 1954).

NUC

Torrance, Arthur Frederick, born 26 July 1887 at Blackpool, England, he was a physician and anthropologist whose writings include Tracking down the enemies of man (1928), and Junglemania; exploring the jungles for science (1933). AmAu&B de la Torre, Patricio Jose, born about 1760 at Consuega de la Mancha, Spain, he entered the noviciate at the Orden jeronirna on 2 January 1776 and studied at the Colegio escurialense. In 1784 he went to Madrid to study Arabic. Three years later he became a teacher of Arabic and assistant librarian at his old college. In 1797 he was sent to Tanger to study Moroccan Arabic and in 1800 he accompanied a Spanish commission to Fez. After his return in 1803 he taught at the Colegio de San Lorenzo. He died 4 July 1819. A/-Anda/us 18 (1953), pp. 450-455 de la Torre y del Cerro, Antonio, born 22 December 1878 at Cordoba where he aslo attended the University. He was a librarian and archivist at various universities in Spain. His writings include Los reyes cetoiicos y Granada (Madrid, 1946). He died in 1966. IndiceE3; LC de Torre y Franco-Romero, Lucas, born 4 September 1878 at Guadalcanal, he studied at the Academia Avila. His writings include Mosen Diego de Valera (Madrid, 1914). IndiceE3 (1) Torrens, Henry Whitelock, born 20 May 1806 at Canterbury, he was educated at Charterhouse and graduated in 1828 from Christ Church College, Oxford, and entered at the Inner Temple. After a short service in the Foreign Office, he obtained a writership from the Court of Directors of the East India Company. Arriving in India in 1828, he held various appointments at Meerut. His writings include the translation, The Book of the Thousand and One Night (1838). He died in Calcutta in 1852. Buckland; Concise DNB; DNB; Riddick

Torres Balbas y Campos, Leopoldo, born 23 May 1888 at Madrid, he was a scholar of medieval Spanish architecture and its conservation. Since 1931 he held the chair of fine art at the Escuela de Arquitectura de Madrid. He was granted honorary doctorates by the universities of Alger and Rabat. His writings include La Alhambra yel Generalife (1949), Arte almohade (1949), and Ciudadas hispanomusulmanas (1970). He died in Madrid, 21 November 1960. Anda/us 25 (1960), pp. 257-262; Archivo espetio' de arque%gia 34 (1961), p. 223; Archivo espano/ de arie 33 (1960), pp. 451-452; Ars orientalis 5 (1963), pp. 339-354

Torres Campos, Manuel, born in 1850, he gained a doctorate and became a professor of international law at the Universidad de Granada. His writings include Das Staatsrecht des Konigreichs Spanien (1889), and Elementos de derecho internacional publico (1890). He died in 1918. IndiceE 3 (2); LC Torres Campos, Rafael, born in 1853 at Almeria, he was an advocate and a comisario de guerra who also pursued a strong interest in geography and its popularization. He was a founder of the Asociaclon para la enselianza feminina. His writings include La cuestion de Melilla (Madrid, 1894). He died on 26 October 1904. Anna/es de geographie 14 (1905), pp., 177-178; IndiceE3 (4) Torres Fontes, Juan, fl. 1944-1963. His writings include Xiquena, castillo de la frontera (1960), and La reconquista de Murcia en 1266 par Jaime I de Aragon (1967). LC Torres Palomo, Maria Paz, born 20th cent., she gained a doctorate in Semitic philology and became a professor of Arabic at the Universidad de Malaga. Her writings include Bartoleme Dorador y el arabe dialectal Andaluz; resume de tesis doctoral (Granada, 1971). Arabismo,1992-1997; EURAMES,1993; NUC Torrey, Charles Cutler, born 20 December 1863 at East Hardwick, Vt., he was a graduate of Bowdoin College, and received a Dr.phil in 1892 from the Unlversitat Stralsburq with a thesis entitled Commercial-theological terms in the our'en. He was a professor at Yale University before he became the first director of the American School of Archaeology in Jerusalem in 1901. His writings include The Jewish foundation of Islam (1933). He died in Chicago, 12 November 1956. BiD&SB; Bioln 2,3,4; DAB; LuthC, 1975; Master (3); NatCAB, vol. 42, pp. 92-93; Shavit; WhAm, 5

Torrey, Gordon Howard, born 4 December 1919 at Eugene, Oreg., he received a Ph.D. in 1961 from Michigan University with a thesis entitled Independent Syria, 1946-54. He was a Middle East analyst under the U.S. Government from 1956 to 1973. His writings include Syrian politics and the military, 1945-1958 (1964). ConAu 9-12; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 H; Selim Toschi, Paolo, born 8 May 1893 at Lugo (Ravenna), he studied literature at Firenze where he gained a doctorate in 1919 with a thesis entitled La poesia popolare religiosa in Italia. Since 1933 he was a

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professor of history of popular traditions at Roma. His writings include Le fonti inedite della storia della Tripolitania (1934). Casati; cm « 1948, 1957, 1961; IndBI (2); Wholtaly, 1958 Toschi, Umberto, born 10 June 1897 at Dozza Imolese (Bologna), he was successively a professor of economic geography at Catania, Bari, Venezia, and Bolgna. His writings include Africa australe e orientale (Milano, 1932), Appunti di geografia politica (Bari, 1940), and L'Egitto (Roma, 1941). He died in 1966. Chi e, 1948, 1957, 1961; Chi scrive; LC; Vaccaro; Who Italy, 1958 Toshkhuzhaev, Sharil Sadykovich see Tashkhodzhaev, Sharil Sadykovich Tosi, Maurizio, born 31 May 1944 at Zevio (Verona), he studied at the Universlta di Roma where he gained an M.A. in 1967 and SUbsequently headed the Italian Archeological mission to Iran from 1967 to 1973. He was a sometime professor of history of Oriental archaeology at the Istituto universitario orientale di Napoli. His writings include Ceramica iranica dell'eta de ferro (1970), and he was joint author of Prostoria degli stati turanici (1979). IWWAS, 1976/77 Tostivint, Jean, born in 1867, he gained a doctorate in medicine in 1891 at Lyon with a thesis entitled Etude comparative de t'enterotomie et de I'enterorrhaphie primitives et de anus contre nature dans la cure des hernies gangrenees. He was in 1905 a medecin-mejor de deuxleme cIa sse attached to the Direction du Service de Sante of the Division d'occupation de Tunisie. He was a laureate of the Academia de Medeclne, Note; NUC, pre-1956 Tot (T6th), Tibor Aleksandrovich, 20th cent., he was a joint author of Anmpononoeucecnue oaHHble K eonpocy 0 aenUKOM ttepecenenuu nepoooe (Leningrad, 1970). NUC, 1968-72 Totah, Khalil Abdallah, born in 1886, he received a Ph.D. in 1926 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The contribution of the Arabs to education. He was for six years a principal of the Government Arab College, Jerusalem, before serving in the same capacity at the Friends' Schools at Ramallah. In 1937 he was a delegate to the World Friends' Conference in the United States. His writings include Dynamite in the Middle East (1955). He died in 1955. Note; NUC, pre-1956; Selim Totomiants (Totomianz), Vakhan (Bahan) Fomich, born 4 February 1875 at Astrakhan, he was successively a lecturer in cooperative movements at Moscow, Tiflis, Karls-Universitat Prag, Handelshochschule as well as Hochschule fur Politik, Berlin. His writings include nompe6umenbHblR osiuecmee (St. Petersburg, 1908), Armenia economica (Roma, 1919), its translation, L'Armenie economique (Paris, 1920), Anthologie des Genossenschaftswesens (Berlin, 1922), Die Konsumvereine in RuBland (1922), tlpuvupenue mpyoa c «enumenou (Berlin, 1923), Le role des Armeniens dans la 40 ennees de I'activite civilisation mondiale (Belgrade, 1938), 40 Jahre im Dienste einer Idee cooperative (Belgrad, 1939), and he was joint author, with E. Toptschjan, of Die soziet-okonomiscne TOrkei (Berlin, 1901). KOrschner, 1926, 1928/29, 1931,19351

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Totongui (Tutunji), Emile, fl. 1927-1943, he was a lawyer and from 1928 to 1941 resident in Cairo and a member of the Societe Fouad 1er d'econornie politique, de statistique et de legislation. Note de Tott, Francois, baron, born 17 August 1733 at Chamigny near la Ferte-sous-Jouarre (Seine-etMarne), he accompanied his father, a naturalized French from Hungary, to Constantinople and, after his death in 1756, remained there until 1763. He was sent on a diplomatic mission to the Khan of the Crimea, from which he returned to Constantinople in 1770. He there re-organized the Ottoman army and navy. After the French revolution he had to leave France and found refuge in Hungary where he died in Bad Tatzmanndorf in 1793. His writings include Memoire sur les Turcs et les Tatars (1784). AnaBrit; Bacque: DcBiPP; GdeEnc; GDU; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (6); RNL; Uj lexikon

Totterrnan, Klas August Reinhold, born in 1835 at Porvoo, Finland, he attended the local Lyceum and studied from 1858 to 1863 Oriental languages at the University. With a scholarship he studied from 1866 to 1869 Semitic languages at Helsingfors and St. Petersburg. In his thesis, PelgOtho gadmoithj debharyamfn cum Hebraeis collata (1870), he compared the Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic texts of the Chronicles. From 1870 to 1879 he was a lecturer in Semitic languages at Helsingfors; since 1879 he was successively a professor of Biblical exegesis and Old Testament exegesis. His writings include Die Weissagungen Hosea's (1879). He died in Helsinfors in 1907. Aalto,47-48; ScBlnd (3); Stenij, 308 Touat, Larbi, fl. 1974, he received a doctorate in 1977 from the Universite de Paris V with a thesis entitled creetivtte economlque en Algerie. THESAM, 2 Touba, Jacquiline Rudolph see Rudolph-Touba, Jacquiline Toubeau, fl. 1928, he was a lieutenant with the Compagnie saharienne des Ajjer and completed the documentation of lieutenant Fouquet by a reconnaissance mission to Tenere and the Wadi Tafassasse. Peyronnet, p. 924 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Toubert, Pierre Marcel Paul, born 29 November 1932 at Alger and educated at Aix-en-Provence and Paris, he was since 1969 a professor at the Sorbonne, and since 1986 a member of I'lnstitut. His writings include Les Structures du Latium medieval (Rome, Ecole francaise de Rome, 1973), Histoire du haut moyen age et de I'/talie medievete (1987), and a collection of his articles, Etudes sur l'ltalie medievale, ge-14e siecle (London, Variorum Reprints, 1976). WhoFr, 1979/80-2002 Touceda Fontenla, Ram6n, fl. 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Instituto General France de Estudios de Investigaci6n Hispano-Arabe. His writings include La fiesta de Moros y Cristianos de la Sainza en la provincia de Orense (Tetuan, 1952), and Los heddaua de Beni Ar6s y su extreno rito (Tetuan, Editora Marroqur, 1955). NUC, pre-1956 Touchard, colonel, born ca. 1863. After passing through the military college of St-Cyr, which he had entered on 27 October 1886, he received a commission as sous-lieutenant in 1886. He did not consider leaving the French garrison life until 1894, when he joined the Bureau des Affaires indigenes de l'Algerie at Tebessa, He was stationed successively at Barika, Touggourt, Biskra, and Batna. It was during his second assignment at Touggourt as head of the Bureau (14 October 1902) that the Sahara became his destiny. In the years 1903 to 1907, he made deep inroads into the desert, and, on account of brilliant reconnaissance, he became the first European to enter the Djanet Oasis. He gave a detailed description of his explorations in the Bulletin du Comite de l'Afrique trenceise, published in 1907. At the end of that year, he retired from active service with the rank of colonel in order to look after the education of his children in metropolitan France. Peyronnet, pp. 405-408 Toukan (Toukane/Tuqan), Baha' ai-Din, born in 1910 at ai-Salt, Transjordan, he studied at A.U.B. He had worked under F. G. Peake Pasha in the Arab Legion and later served as a government administrator, diplomat, and permanent Jordanian representative to the U.N. His writings include A short history of Trans-Jordan (1945). IntWW, 1973/74-1977/78; WhoArab, 1967/68-1993/941; WhoGov, 1972/73 Touma, Habib Hasan, born 12 December 1934 at Nazareth, Palestine, he was educated at Nazareth, where he obtained a British as well as an Israeli high school diploma. From 1952 to 1954 he was a teacher at Arab schools in Galilee and concurrently a student at the Haifa conservatory and later at Tel-Aviv. After the completion of his musicological studies, he returned to teaching in Nazareth until 1964, when he was awarded a German exchange scholarship tenable at the Freie Universitat Berlin. In 1968 he received a Dr.phil. for his thesis, Der Maqam Bayati im arabischen Taqsim. In the same year, he joined the Institut fOr vergleichende Musikstudien, Berlin. His writings include Die Musik der Araber (1975); he was joint editor of Dirasat fi el-musiqe a/-'Arabiyah (1991). Since 1977 he was the annual organizer of the Festival traditioneller Musik in Berlin. He died in September 1998. Schwarz; Tagesspiegel (Berlin) 17 September 1998, p. 30, col. 5; Thesis

Toumanoff, Cyril, prince, fl. 1940, his writings include Manuelle de genealogie et de chronologie pour I'histoire de la Caucasie chretienne (Roma, 1976), and The social myth; introduction to Byzantinism (Roma, 1984). LC Toumi, Mohsen, born 20th cent., he was a journalist whose writings include Tunisie pouvoirs et luttes (1978), Le Maghreb (1982), and La Tunisie de Bourguiba a Ben Ali (1989). AfrBiolnd (1); LC Tounsi, Ahmed ben Mohamed, born in November 1820 at Tunis, and naturalized a French citizen, he was an interpreter for Berber in the Corps des interpretes de l'armee d'Afrique and rose from the rank of interpret» temporaire (18 May 1853) to interprete auxiliaire de 1re cIasse (6 January 1865); Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur (7 June 1865). Between 1849 and 1865 he participated in numerous expeditions by the generals St. Arnaud, Barral, Camou, Bosquet, Randon, Desmarest, Maissiat, Gendil and perigot. His writings include L'lnsecurite en Algerie; ses causes, les moyens de retablir la securite d'autrefois (Alger, 1893). Feraud, p. 359 Toupet, Charles, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1975 from the University of Paris VII with a thesis entitled La Sedentisation des nomades en Mauritanie centrale sahelienne. His writings include Etude du milieu physique du massif de l'Assaba, Mauritanie (1966), Le Sahel (1992); he was joint author of La Mauritanie (1977); and he was joint editor of Atlas de la Republique is/amique de Mauritanie (1977). THESAM, 1 Toure, Moussa, born in 1945 in Senegal, he was a sometime director, Department of Statistical Research and Data Processing, Communaute economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Ouagadougou.

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Tourk, Khairy Ahmed, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of California at Berkeley for Towards a new pricing system for the Suez Canal. He was in 1995 affiliated with the Department of Business Administration, Illinois Institute of Technolgy, Chicago. NatFacDr, 1995; Selim

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Tournebize, Henri Franr;ois, born in 1856 at Crouhet (Puy-de-Dorne), he was a Jesuit Father and a professor of philosophy at Saint-Joseph Universite de Beyrouth. His writings include Du doute a la fois (1899), its translation, From doubt to faith (1904), Histoire politique et religieuse de l'Armenie (1900), and L'Eglise grecque-orthodoxe et I'union (1901). He died in 1926. IndexBFr2 (1); NUC, pre-1956

de Tournefort, Joseph Pitton, born in 1656 at Aix-en-Provence, he studied medicine at Montpellier and Paris, where in 1683 he became professor of botany at the Jardin royal des plantes. In 1692 he was elected to the Academie royale des sciences, and he received a medical doctorate in 1698 at Paris. Two years later he was sent by the king of France to Spain, Portugal and Asia Minor to collect botanical material. His writings include Relation d'un voyage du Levant (1717), and its translations, A Voyage into the Levant (1718), and Beschreibung einer auf koniglichen Befehl unternommenen Reise nach der Levante (1776-77). He died in 1708. DcBiPP; Master (3); EncBrit; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (8); Master (3); Nature 177 (2 June 1956), p. 1015

Tournier, Jules, chanoine, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1913 from the Faculte des lettres de Paris with a thesis entitled Le Cardinal Lavigerie et son action politique. His writings include his these complementsire entitled Bibliographie du cardinal Lavigerie (1913), and La nouvelle Eglise d'Afrique; la conquete religieuse de I'Afrique, 1830-1845 (1930). BN

Tournier, Robert, born about 1900, he was in 1958 a mining engineer. His writings include Nappes

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propos de la mise en valeur de I'ensemble des zones aquiferes (Tours, 1935), Remarques desertioues qui s'etendent sur I'Afrique du Nord et I'Ouest de I'Asie (Tours, 1936), and Remarques a propos de la Loire navigable (Paris, 1942). BN

Touscoz, Jean, born 16 June 1935, he was a lawyer whose writings include Les Pays en voie de oevetoppemeni et les organes subsidiaires de la F.A.O. (1968), Quelle politique energique pour I'Europe (1985), and Droit international (1993). LC

Toussoun, Omar, 1872-1944 see 'Umar Tusun, Prince Touval, Saadia Eli, born Weltman on 28 January 1932 at Zagreb, he graduated from Harvard, where he also received his Ph.D. with a thesis on Somali nationalism. His writings include Somali nationalism; international politics and the drive for unity in the Horn of Africa (1963), The boundary politics of independent Africa (1972), and The peace brokers (1982). He was a sometime chairman of department and dean, Tel-Aviv University. In 1977 he was a visiting professor of government at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. ConAu 45-48, new rev. 35; Wholsrael,1973/74-1985/86

Tovar Llorente, Antonio, born 17 May 1911 at Valladolid, Spain, he was educated at Valladolid, Madrid, Paris and Berlin. He was a professor of Latin at the Universidad de Salamanca from 1942 to 1963 and its president from 1951 to 1956. From 1967 to 1979 he served as a professor at the Universitat TObingen. He was granted honorary doctorates by the universities of MOnster, Buenos Aires as well as the National University of Ireland. His writings include The ancient languages of Spain and Portugal (1961), and Historia del antiguo Oriente (1973). He was honoured by Homenaje a Antonio Tovar ofrecido por sus discipulos, colegas y amigos (1972), and Navicula Tubingenensis; studia in honorem Antonii Tovar (1984). He died in Madrid, 14 December 1985. IndiceE3 (4); IntWW, 1973/74-1983; KOrschner, 1970-1983; WhoSpain, 1963; WhoWor, 1974/75

Towle, George Makepeace, born in 1841 at Washington, D.C., he was a graduate of Yale University as well as Harvard Law School and was admitted to the Bar of Massachusetts in 1862. He became a journalist, editor and writer who spent the late 1860s first in France and then in England. He was a prolific writer whose writings include England and Russia in Asia (1885), and England in Egypt (1886). He died in 1893. ACAB; BbD; BiD&SB; Bioln 3; DAB; Master (6); WhAm, H

Towner, Wayne Sibley, born 10 January 1933 at Scotts Bluff, Nebr., he graduated from Yale University, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1965 for The rabbinic enumeration form. He was ordained in 1960 and pursued a career as a teacher, pastor, professor and dean in Lebanon and America. In 1995 he was affiliated with the Department of Religion, Union Theological Seminary in Virginia, Richmond. His writings include How God deals with evil (1976). ConAu 118, 135; Master (1); NatFacDr, 1995; Note; WhoRel, 1975, 1977

Townshend, Sir Charles Vere Ferrers, born in 1861, he served as an officer in India and in the Mesopotamian campaign in the first World War. He was taken prisoner by the Turkish Army under van der Goltz at Kut el-Amara in 1916. "He was a dashing and lucky captain in India, but a bad general and no gentleman." His writings include My campaign in Mesopotamia (1920), and its translation, Ma campaign de Mesopotamie (1929). He died in Paris in 1924. Arthur J. Barker wrote Townshend of Kut; a biography (1967). Bioln 8; Buckland; DNB; EncAm; Riddick; WhoMilH, 1976, 1987; Who was who, 2

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Towster, Julian, born 1 February 1905 at R6wne, Poland, he was a graduate of the University of Chicago, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1947 for The concepts of political control in the U.S.S.R., 1917-1947. He was a political analyst with the U.S Justice Department and since 1950 a professor at the University of California at Berkeley. His writings include Political power in the U.S.S.R., 1917-1947 (1948). WhoWest, 1960 Toy, Crawford Howell, born 23 March 1836 at Norfolk, Va., he held the chair of Semitic languages at Harvard since 1880. He was an editor of The New world. His writings include Judaism and Christianity (1890), A Critical and exegetical commentary on the Book of Proverbs (1899), and Introduction to the history of religions (c1913, 1948). In 1912 he was honoured by Studies in the history of religions, presented to C. H. Toy by his pupils. He died in 1912. ACAB; Amlndex (11); Master (3); WhAm, 1; WhoAm, 1899/1900-1908/09

Toy, Sidney, fl. 1930, his writings include Castles; a short history of fortifications from 1600 B.C. to A.D. 1600 (1939), The Castles of Great Britian (1953), and A History of fortification from 3000 B.C. to A.D. 1700 (1955). LC Toynbee, Arnold Joseph, born in 1889, he was a historian educated at Winchester and Balliol College, Oxford. His writings include The treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916 (1916), its translation, Le Traitement des Armeniens dans I'Empire ottoman (1917), The western question in Greece and Turkey (1922), Turkey (1926), and A Study of history (1948-1961). He died in 1975. Au&Wr, 1963; ConAu 37-40,118, new rev. 86; DNB; EncAm; IntWW, 1973/74; Master (24); Who, 1975; WhoWor, 1974/75

Toynbee, Rosalind nee Murray, born in 1890 at London, she was married with Arnold Toynbee in 1913; the marriage was dissolved in 1946. She wrote on Christian subjects, including The Forsaken fountain (1948), The Good pagan's failure (1948), and The Further journey (1952). WhE&EA Tozzi, Pierluigi, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Unlversita di Pavia. His writings include Storia padana antica (1972), Saggi di topografia storica (1974), and Memoria della terra, storia delt'uomo (1987). LC Tracy, Charles Chapin, born 31 October 1838 at East Smithfield, Pa., he graduated in 1864 from Williams College and in 1867 from Union Seminary. On 24 August of the same year he sailed for Turkey as a missionary to the Armenians under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Since 1885 he was stationed at Marzovan in northern Anatolia where, in the following year, he became the founding president of Anatolia College. He returned to America for the last time in 1913 and died in Los Angeles on 20 April 1917. His writings include Talks on the veranda in a faraway land (1893), and The development of the American Board's work in Asiatic Turkey (1904). His missionary associate, George Edward White, wrote a biography, Charles Chapin Tracy, missionary (1918). Amlndex; Missionary herald 113 (1917), pp. 278-280; Shavit; WhAm, 1 Tracy, William, born 20th cent., his writings include The 3rd response; children, youth and UNICEF in Middle East development (Beirut, 1970). NUC, 1973-1977 Treerup, Birthe, born 9 October 1930 at Kolding, Denmark, she studied musicology and SerboCroatian language and literature at Kebenhavns Universitet, where she later lectured in ethnomusicology. Her writings include East Macedonian folk songs (Copenhagen, 1970), and Makedonske folkesange (1983). IntWWM,1985 Trager, George Leonard, born 22 March 1906 at Newark, N.J., he graduated in 1926 from Rutgers University and received a Ph.D. in 1932 from Columbia University for The use of Latin demonstratives. He held a great variety of posts as a linguist and anthropologist from 1927 to 1967 when he became for five years a professor of anthropology at Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. BlueB, 1973/74,1975,1976; ConAu 41-44; DrAS, 1974 F; WhoAm, 1972/73-1976/77; WrDr, 1976/78-1984/861

Traho, Ramazan, fl. 20th cent., his writings include LfepKecbl (MOnchen, 1956). aSK Traikov (Trajkov), Veselin Nikolov, born 1921, his writings include Hecenenume necme B Toexu» u MaKeooHuR noo apb4Ka enecm (Sofia, 1946), and he was joint author of 5bnaapcKama eMuapa4uR BbB Bnexu» cneo pycxo-mvpcxeme eotin«, 1828-1829 (Sofia, 1980). LC Tra ill, Henry Duff, born in 1842 at Blackheath, England, he graduated in 1864 from St John's College, Oxford, and was called to the bar in 1868, but soon took to literature. His writings include Central government (1889), and England, Egypt, and the Sudan (1900). He died in London in 1900. BiD&SB; Boase; Britlnd (5); ConciseDNB; DNB; Master (10); Who was who, 1

Traini, Renato, born 16 August 1923 at Mezzoldo (Bergamo), he received a doctorate in 1946 from the Urnverslta di Pavia and subsequently became a professor of Arabic at the Universita di Roma. His Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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writings include Sources biographiques des Zaidites (1977), and he was joint author of Catalogue of the Arabic manuscripts in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana (1975). Private Trako, Salih, born 20th cent., his writings include Katalog perzijskih rukopisa Orijentalnog Instituta u Sarajevu (1986), and he was joint translator of Tragom poezije bosanskohercegovackih muslimana na turskom jeziku (Sarajevo, 1985). LC

Traljic, Seid Mahmud, born 10 April 1915, he was affiliated with the Institute of History in the Yugoslav Academy of Science and Liberal Arts. He was joint author of Filigranes des XI/e et X/Ve siecle (1957), and Islam i Muslimani u Bosni i Hercegovini (1977). He died in Zadar on 20 September 1983. Anali Gazi Husrev-Begove Biblioteke 11/12 (1985), pp. 336-339; LC

Trapman, Adrian Sidney Gilbert Reginald, born 25 October 1910, he was educated at the College scientifique cantonal, Lausanne, and the Universite de Paris. He was appointed a probationer viceconsul in the Levant Consular Service in 1934, assigned for service in Addis Adaba on 23 March 1934, and later in that year became an acting consul there. Bbritlnd (1) Trapp, Erich, born 5 June 1942 at KlosterneuburglWien, he received a Dr.phil. in 1964 and was since 1973 a professor of Byzantine studies at the Universitat Bonn. He edited Dialoge mit einem "Perset' (1966), and Digenes Akrites (1971). Kurschner, 1976-2001 Trappe, Johannes, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.jur. in 1957 from the Universitat Mainz for Die Schiffshypothek als Gegenstand der Rechtsvereinheitlichung. GV Trask, Roger Reed, born 14 September 1930 at Erie, Pa., he received a Ph.D. in 1959 from Pennsylvania State University for The relations of the United States and Turkey, 1927-1939. He was since 1974 a professor of United States history at the University of Southern Florida, Tampa, and a sometime deputy historian, Office of the Secretary of Defense. His writings include The United States response to Turkish nationalism, 1914-1939 (1971), and The secretaries of defense; a brief history (1985). ConAu 41-44; DrAS, 1963/64, 1969, 1974, 1978 H Trattner, Ernest Robert, born 4 November 1898 at Denver, Colo., he was educated at the Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio. For most of his life he served as a West Coast rabbi. He was awarded two honorary doctorates. His writings include Architects of ideas; the story of the great theories of mankind (1938), and its translation, Arquitetos de kieles (1948). He died in 1963. AmAu&B; Amlndex (1); WhAm, 4; WhE&EA; WhNAA;

Trautmann, Wolfgang, born 26 November 1940 at Konigsberg, Germany, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1968 and a Dr.habil. in 1978. He was a professor of geography at Essen. Note Traversi, Leopoldo, born 19th cent., he was affiliated with the Societa Geografica Italiana. His writings include Let-Marefia, prima stazione geografica italiana nello Scioa e Ie nostre relazioni con I'Etiopia, 1876-1896 (Milano, 1931), and /talia e I'Etiopia da Assab a Ual-Ual (Bologna, 1935). Firenze Travis, William Penfield, born 11 November 1931, he graduated from Harvard in 1954, studied at I'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, and received his Ph.D. in 1961 from Harvard for On the theory of commercial policy. He taught various aspects of economics at Harvard, M.I.T., Brandeis University, Calcutta, San Diego, I'lnstitut de statistiques et econornie appliquees, Rabat and, since 1974, at Indiana University, Bloomington. He served for a year and a half as economic adviser to the Secretariat d'etat charge du plan in Rabat, where he was engaged primarily in elaborating a proposal for a Moroccan commercial policy. His writings include The theory of trade and protection (1964). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; Note

Travnlcek, Dusan, born 14 April 1925 at Brno, Czechoslovakia, he was a historical geographer and joint author of Descriptio civitatum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii (Praha, 1956). CBS Treadgold, Warren Templeton, born in 1949, he received a Ph.D. in 1977 from Harvard for The nature of the Bibliotheca of Photius. He was in 1995 a professor of history at Florida International University, Miami. His writings include Byzantine state finances in the eighth and ninth centuries (1982), The Byzantine revival, 780-842 (1988), and History of Byzantine state and society (1997). LC; NatFacDr, 1995 Treadway, Roy Clay, born 18 September 1938 at White Plains, N.Y., he graduated in 1960 from Earlham College, was a Woodrow Wilson fellow, 1960-61, and received his Ph.D. in 1967 from the University of Michigan. He did socio-anthropological field-work in Turkey and Iran and taught at the Institute of Population Studies, Hacettepe Oniversitesi, Ankara, from 1969 to 1971 when he joined the Population Council in N.Y.C. Throughout the 1990s he was a professor at the Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, where he also served as a director of Census and Data Users Services. AmM&WS, 1973 S; NatFacDr, 1995; Private Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Treichlinger, Wilhelm Michael, born 12 May 1902 at Wien, where he also gained a Dr.phil. in 1926 with a thesis entitled Johann Ludwig Deinhardstein. He was a writer who edited Abschiedsbriefe (1934), and wrote Japanische Spruchweisheit (1950). He died in Zurich, 11 December 1973. BioHbDtE; KDtLK, 1963, 1967, Nekrolog, 1971-98; Sezgin; Weristwer, 1969170

von Treitschke, Heinrich Gotthard, born 15 September 1834 at Dresden. liAs a historian he holds a very high place. He approached history as a politician and confined himself to those periods and characters in which great political problems were being worked out: above all, he was a patriotic historian, and never wandered far from Prussia." (EncBrit) His writings include Deutsche Geschichte im neunzehnten Jahrhundert (1879-89). He died in Berlin, 28 April 1896. ADtB, vol. 55, pp. 263-326; BiD&SB; DtBE; DtBilnd (19); EncBrit; GdeEnc; GDU; LuthC, 1975; Master (7)

Tremaine, Louis E., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1980 from Indiana University for The concept of literary zone in the criticism of Maghrebian literature. In 1995 he was a professor at the Department of English in the University of Richmond, Va., a post which he still held in 2002. He translated from the French of Mohammed Dib, Who remembers the sea (1985). NatFacDr, 1995-2002; Selim3 Tremaux, Pierre, born 20 July 1818 at Charcey (Saone-et-Loire), he entered l'Ecole des beaux-arts, Paris, 30 December 1840. He became a member of the Acadernle des sciences. His writings include Voyages au Soudan oriental et dans l'Afrique septentrionale, executes de 1847 a 1854, comprenant une exploration dans I'Algerie, les regences de Tunis et de Tripoli, I'Egypte, la Nubie, les deserts, I'ile de Meroe, Ie Sennar, Ie Fa-Zogle et les contrees inconnues de la Nigritie (1859), Perettetee des edifices anciens et modernes du continent africain (1864-68), and Exploration archeologique en Asie Mineure, 2eme ed. (1870). BN; IndexBFr2 (2)

Tremayne, Penelope, fl. 1975, her writings include Under Helicon; journeys in the Mediterranean (1987), and Nor iron bars a cage (1988). LC Trenga, Georges, born in 1881, he was in 1909 an officier-interprete at Sidi-Bou-Beker par Casablanca. His writings include Le Bura-mabang du Ouadai:' notes pour servir a l'etuae de la lange maba (Paris, Institut d'ethnologie, 1947). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Trenkov, Khristo lordanov, born in 1912, his writings include Cnpeeosno oeno (Sofia, 1947), Institut bulgare de bibliographie "Eline Peline;" dix ennees d'activite, 1945-1955 (Sofia, 1955), and 5bnaapcKu «nueonuc (Sofia, 1964). He died in 1971. LC Trenkwald, Hermann, fl. 1920, he was affiliated with Osterreichisches Museum fur Kunst und Industrie, Wien. His writings include Glaser der Spatzeit (Wien, 1923), and he was joint author, with Friedrich Sarre, of Alt-orientalische Teppiche (1926-28), and Oriental carpet designs in full colour (1979). NUC, pre-1956 Trepled, Jean-Charles, born in 1845, he was a sometime director of the Observatoire d'Alger. His writings include Commentaires des decisions prises par les conferences internationales qui se reunirent a I'Observatoire de Paris en 1887, 1889 et 1891, pour t'execution photographique d'une carte du ciel (1892). He died in 1907. IndexBFr2 (1); NUC, pre-1956

Tresse, Rene, fl. 1939, he received a doctorate in 1937 from the Universite de Paris with a thesis entitled Le Pelerinage syrien aux villes saintes de /'islam. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Tret'iakov, Andrei Sergeevich, born 8 October 1950 at Berlin, he was a graduate in Arabic from the Military Institute of Foreign Languages, and received his first degree in 1984. From 1978 to 1984 he was affiliated with the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. Miliband2 Tret'iakov, Pavel Nikoloevich, born 14 March 1919 in Bashkiria, he graduated in 1955 from the Commercial-economic Institute, L'vov, and received his first degree in 1958 with a thesis entitled BHewHRR mopeoenn Eaunma nocne emoooti Mupoaou aouHbl, 1947-1957 ee. Since 1960 he was affiliated with the Africa Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His writings include 3KOHOMUl.leCKaR neeeeucuuocms u oee euoe nououu: cmoenen Ac/JPUKU (1963), and 3KOHOMUl.leCKUU cnpeeounu« no An>KUpCKOU Hepoonot) ,[JeMoKpamUl.leCKOU pecny6nuKe (1967). Miliband; Miliband2 ; Unesco Treu, Maximilian, born in 1842, he was a sometime teacher at Stadtisches Evangelisches Gymnasium zu Jauer, Lower Silesia. When he retired his teaching career in 1907, he was a director of VictoriaGymnasium, Potsdam. He was awarded a Dr.phil. h.c. His writings include Der sogenannte Lampriascatalog der Plutarchschriften (Waldenburg LS., 1873), and Matthias, Metropolit von Ephesos; abe: sein Leben und seine Schriften (Potsdam, 1901). He was a contributor to Byzantinische Zeitschrift. He died in Berlin, 29 July 1915. Deutsches biographisches Jahrbuch 1 (1914-16), Totenliste, 1915, p. 342 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Treue, Wilhelm, born 18 July 1909 at Berlin, he was a professor of history at the Universitat GOttingen. His writings include Die Eroberung der Erde (1939), and Der Krimkrieg und die Entstehung der modern en Flotten (1954). He died in GOttingen, 18 October 1992. KOrschner, 1950-1992 Trever, Kamilla Vasil'evna, born in 1892 at St. Petersburg, she graduated in 1914 from the Historicophilological Faculty of the Pedagogical Institute, Russian University, and received a doctorate in 1939. From 1926 to 1931 he held the chair of Iranian studies at Leningrad State University. Her writings include Excavations in northern Mongolia, 1924-25 (1932), Terracottas from Afrasiab (1934), naMflmHUKU BpeKo-6aKmpuucKoBO ucxyccmee (1940), and Cecenuocsoe cepe6po (1987). She died 13 November 1974. Miliband; Miliband2 Trevor, Arthur Prescott, born 17 March 1872, he was educated at Marlborough and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. In 1901 he served in the Indian Army as a captain and rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1917. From 1898 to 1924 he served in various capacities in the Political Department of the Government of India in Baluchistan as well as the Persian Gulf. He was a sometime political agent in Muscat and from 1920 to 1924 a consul for Fars. He died 4 April 1930. Who, 1921-1929; Who was who, 3

Trevor, George Herbert, born 29 January 1840, he was educated at Marlborough and entered the India Staff Corps in 1862. He held various appointments in the Political Department since 1867; he retired in 1895 with the rank of colonel as agent to the governor-general for Rajputana. His writings include Rhymes of Rajputana (1894). He died in 1927. Buckland; Riddick; Who, 1903-26; Who was who, 2 Treydtke, Klaus Peter, born 20 June 1939 at Eisleben, Germany, he wa educated at Hannover and studied at SaarbrOcken, Berlin, Marburg, and Bonn, where he received a doctorate in 1979 for Ziele, Strategien und Effekte der Agrarreformen in den Lenoem Nordafrikas, a work which was published entitled Agrarreform und Entwicklung; Ziele, Strategien und Effekte (1979). His writings include Genossenschaften in Libyen (1970), and Genossenschaften in der V.A.R. Agypten (1971). LC; Thesis Treydtke, Werner, 1912-1945 see Benndorf, Werner, pseudo Trezel, Camille-Alphonse, born 5 January 1780 at Paris, he was a French general who, as a lieutenant and aide-de-camp to general Claude M. Gardane, went in 1807 with him on his mission to Persia. He was joint author of Voyage en Armenie et en Perse (Paris, 1821), and its translation, Reise durch Armenien und Persien (Weimar, 1822). He died in Paris, 11 April 1860. Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (2); Vapereau

Trial, George T., fl. 1950, his writings include History of education in Iceland (Cambridge, 1945).

BLC

Triantafillis (Triantaphylles), Costantino, born in 1833, he was a professor of modern Greek language and literature at Regia Scuola di Commercio in Venezia. His writings include Nicolo Machiavelli e gli scrittori grece (Venezia, 1875), and he was joint editor of XuAAwy'1 EAAEVIKWV aVEKoorwv (Venezia, 1974). His trace is lost after a lecture on 25 March 1885 at Venezia. Firenze; Gubernatis 1; NUC, pre-1956 Triaud, Jean Louis, fl. 1968, his writings include Islam et societes soudanaises au moyen age (1973), Tchad 1900-1902; une guerre franco-libyenne ououee (1988), and he translated from the Arabic of Hajj 'Umar ibn Sa'id al-Futi, Voila ce qui est arrive (1985). LC Tricarico, Stephen J., born 20th cent., he received his M.A. from Murray State University, Ky., and subsequently became a doctoral student at the University of Oklahoma. He began his academic career as an instructor in geography at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, a post which he still held in 2002. NatFacDr, 1995-2002; Note Tricart, Jean Leon Francois, born 16 September 1920 at Montmorency (Val-d'Oise), he was educated at the Lycee Rollin and the Sorbonne, Paris, where he received a doctorate in 1948. He served as a lecturer in geography at his alma mater until 1945 when he became a professor at the Universite de Strasbourg. His writings include Cours de geographie humaine (1952). IntWW,1973/74-1983; Master (1);

WhoFr, 1992/93-2001/2; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79

Trice, Robert Holmes, born in 1946, he received a Ph.D. in 1974 for Domestic political interests and American policy in the Middle East. He was a sometime professor of political science at Ohio State University, and in 1979 a director for Arms Transfer, Office of International Af-fairs, Department of Defense. His writings include Interest groups and the foreign policy process; US policy in the Middle East (1976), and Symposium on Arab-Israel relations; the future U. S. role (1977). Note; Selim3 Triesnecker, Franz de Paula, born 2 April 1745 at Kirchberg, Lower Austria, he studied theology at Graz and became a member of the Society of Jesus until its suppression in 1773. He later became a director of the observatory in Wien and a professor of astronomy at the Universitat. His writings include Astronomische Beobachtungen auf verschiedenen Sternwarten im Jahre 1813 (Prag, 1815), Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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and he was joint author of Ephemerides astronomicae anni 1805 et 1806 (Viennae, 1801-1805). He died in Wien, 29 January 1817. ADtB, vol. 38, pp. 607-8; DtBE; DtBiind (2); Master (1); Wurzbach Trietsch, Davis, born in 1870 at Dresden, Saxony, he was a Zionist and advocated a colonization scheme aiming at settling the Jews in Cyprus. He therefore broke with Th. Herzl. His writings include Handbuch tiber wirtschaftliche vemennisse Marokkos und Persiens sowie ihrer Nachbargebiete (1910), Cypern; eine Darstellung seiner Lendesvemettntsse (1911), Deutschland und der Islam (1912), Der Aufstieg des Islam (1915), Die Juden in der Tarkei (1915), and Georgien und der Kaukasus (1918). He died in 1935. Bioln 6; CnDiAmJBi; JOfLex; Wininger Trifunoski, Jovan F., Dr., born 23 September 1914, he was an ethnographer whose writings include Jeoejcs» MaKenoHuja (Beograd, 1946), KYMaH08cKo-npewe8cKa tlpne Topa (Beograd, 1950), and Ilopeuuemo Ha «eoune peKa (Skopje, 1952). LC Trigger, Bruce Graham, born 18 June 1937 at Preston, Ontario, he graduated from the University of Toronto with the class of 1959. He was director of the Pennsylvania-Yale Expedition to Egypt, 19611962, and later became a professor at the Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Beyond history (1968), and History and settlement in Lower Nubia (1965), a work which represents a revised version of his thesis originally submitted in 1964 at Yale University. Canadian, 1979-2001; ConAu 21-24, new rev. 9 & 29; IntAu&W, 1977-2001/2; NatFacDr, 1995; WhoAm, 1974-1988/89 & 2001; WhoWor, 1987/88; WrDr, 1976/78-2001

Trimble, Louis Preston, born 2 March 1917 at Seattle, Wash., he graduated in 1950 from Eastern Washington State College and later gained an Ed.M. He taught English and linguistics at various schools, colleges, and universities. He was a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction. ConAu 13-16, 171, new rev. 6, 64; DrAs, 1963/64, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 F; Master (3)

Trimingham, John Spencer, born in 1904 at Thorne, England, he studied at the University of Birmingham, Oxford University, and Wells Theological College. He was affiliated with the Church Missionary Society and since 1953 also with the University of Glasgow first as a lecturer in Islamic studies and then also as head of department. His writings include Sudan colloquial Arabic (1946), Islam in the Sudan (1949), Islam in Ethiopia (1952), and The influence of Islam upon Africa (1968). Au&Wr, 1963; ConAu 1-4, new rev., 3; WrDr, 1976/78-1984/86

Trincaz, Jacqueline, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in sociology from the Universlte de Paris. Her writings include Colonisation et religions en Afrique noire (1981), and Le Droit de vieiller (2000). LC Tringali, Ezio, fl. 1962, his writings include La bonifica in Calabria (Cosenza, 1956).

Firenze

Trinich, Fridrikh Akhmedovich, born 19 September 1932 at Baku, he graduated in 1954 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1959. He later spent twice four years in India. His writings include Bocmo-mui) Ilexucme» (1959), and 5aHanaoew (1974). Miliband2 Trinkler, Emil, born 19 May 1896 at Bremen, he received a Dr.phil. in 1921 from the Universltat MOnchen for Tibet; sein geographisches Bi/d. He had all the gifts an explorer needs; he had a robust frame, splendid health, a winning manner, and all the grit needful for standing hardship and overcoming difficulties. As a youth this career had been his dream, and began early to fit himself for it by serious study. History, geography and Oriental languages, the works of previous travellers were all laid under contribution, so that when his first chance of Asiatic travel came and he was sent in 1923-24 by the newly founded Deutsch-Afghanische Handelsgesellschaft, Bremen, to Afghanistan he already showed of what metal he was made. The exploration of Central Asia was always his ambition. Its fulfilment was the Deutsche Zentralalsien-Expedition, 1927-28, led and organized by himself, when with his companions, Hellmut De Terra and W. E. Bosshard, he explored the Takla-Makan desert. On the basis of the results of this journey, he was hailed everywhere as a worthy successor to older explorers like Sven Hedin, Aurel Stein, and Von Le Coq. But he died prematurely six days after a motor accident on a country road between Bremen and Bremerhaven, 19 April 1931. His writings include Quer durch Afghanistan nach Indien (1925), its translation, Through the heart of Afghanistan (1928), Afghanistan; eine landeskundliche Studie (1928), 1m Land der Star me (1930), and its translation, The stormswept roof of Asia; by yak, camel & sheep caravan in Tibet, Chinese Turkestan & over the Kara-Koram (1931). JRCAS, 18 (1931), pp. 478-80; Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Miinchen 42

(1931), pp. 230-31

Trintignac, Roger, he edited La Mise en valeur du Maroc (Paris, 1950), and he wrote the preface to Journees d'etudes sur /'irrigation, published in 1955 by the Association amicale des anciens eleves de l'Ecole nationale du genie rural et des ingenieurs du genie rural. BN; NUC, pre-1956

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Tristram, Uvedale Francis Barrington, born 20 March 1915 in England, he was a journalist and editor and affiliated with the Freedom from Hunger Campaign. IntAu&W,1991/92-1999-2000; Master {1} Tritonc, Romolo, born 19th cent., he was a lecturer in colonial history and politics. His writings include E giunto if momenta diabolire la capitolaziani in Turchia? (Roma, 1916), L'unita della Siria e l'indivisibifita del suo mandato (Roma, 1934), and Politica indigena africana (Milano, 1941). NUC, pre-1956 Tritton, Arthur Stanley, born 25 February 1881 at Great Yarmouth, he was educated at the United Westminster Schools and took his London Intermediate B.A. in English in 1899. He graduated externally at London in 1900, matriculated as a non-collegiate student at Oxford, and was admitted to Mansfield College. He took honours in theology in 1904, graduated in 1906 and then spent a year in the Congegational ministry at Morcombelake near Lym Regis. After a year each at Oxford as Kennicott Junior Hebrew student, and at Gottingen under Wellhausen, he joined in 1909 the staff of the Friends' Mission School at Brummana, Lebanon. From 1911 to 1916 he was assistant to the professor of Hebrew and Semitic languages at Edinburgh. He spent some months in Aden as a missionary, took his London M.A. in Arabic as a private student in 1914 and his D.Utt in 1918 at Edinburgh with a thesis entitled The rise of the imams of Sanaa, and became assistant to the professor of Hebrew at Glasgow in 1920. He then served for the next nine years as a professor of Arabic at Aligarh. From 1931 to his retirement in 1946 he served in various capacities at SOAS. His writings include The Caliphs and their non-Muslim subjects (1930), Teach yourself Arabic (1943), Muslim theology (1947), and Islam; belief and practices (1951). He died 8 November 1973. AuWr, 1963, 1971; BSOAS 37 {1974}, pp. 446-7; Sluglett; WhE&EA; Who, 1956-1974; Who was who, 7

Triulzi, Alessandro, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1980 from Northwestern University for Prelude to the history of a no-man's land; Bela Shanga/, Wallagga, Ethiopia, ca. 1800-1898. His writings include Salt, gold and legitimacy; prelude to the history of a no-man's land; Bela Shanga/, Wallagga, Ethiopia (1981), and he edited Storia dell'Africa e del Vicino Oriente (1979). LC Trivulzio (Trivulce), Principessa Cristina di Belgioioso, 1808-71 see Belgioioso, Cristina, Pricipessa Trocki, Carl Anthony, born in 1940, he received a Ph.D. in 1975 from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., for The Temenggongs of Johor, 1784-1885. His writings include Opium and empire; Chinese society in colonial Singapore (1990). LC Troeller, Gary G., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Cambridge University for British policy towards Ibn Sa'ud, 1910-1926. His writings include The birth of Saudi Arabia (1976). Sluglett Trofimov, Mikhail Ivanovich, born 20th cent., he received his first degree in 1975 at Alma-Ata for Hesomopue iponemuvecsue ocotiennocmu cnoee e coepeMeHHoM yl1aypcKoM fl3blKe. His writings include oonemuuecnue ttpoueccu e cnoee e coepeMeHHoM yl1aypcKoM fl3blKe (Alma-Ata, 1978). LC Trofimova, Tat'iana Alekseevna, born in 1905 at Moscow, she gained a doctorate in 1964 in history and became an anthropologist whose writings include .apeeHee neceneuue Xope3Ma no oaHHblM neneoenmpononoeuu (1959), and she was joint author of Ileneoenmpononoeue CpeoHel1 A3UU (1972). UzbekSE Troger, Karl Wolfgang, born 14 September 1932 at Auerbach, Germany, he received doctorates in 1967 and 1978 and was since 1980 a professor of theology at Humboldt Universitat, Berlin. His writings include Nachfolge und Friedensdienst; die Religionen in ihrem Engagement (1983), and he edited Weltreligionen und christlicher G/aube (1993). KUrschner, 1992-2001 Troianovskii, Konstantin Mikhailovich, born in 1876, his writings include Bocmo« u peeonlOu,ifl (1918), and he edited Cune» «nuee (1918). NUC, pre-1956 Troianskii, Aleksandr Stepanovich, born in 1835, the son of a Kazan ecclsiastic, his writings include 3pumpel1cKafi xononl»Umaniu (St. Petersburg, 1893). EnSlovar Troike, Rudolf C., born 11 January 1933 at Brownsville, Tex., he was a graduate of the University of Texas and gained a Ph.D. in 1959. He SUbsequently taught English for a year at Ankara. In 1980 he became a director of Multicultural Education and Educational Policy Research, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and in 1995 he was affiliated with the Department of English, University of Arizona, Tucson. He was joint author of A handbook of bilingual education (1970). DrAS, 1963 F, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; NatFacDr,1995; Private

Trollo, Erminio, born 8 July 1874 at Perano (Chieti), he received a doctorate in 1905 in philosophy from the Universita di Roma. He was a profesor of philosophy at Palermo from 1915 to 1920 when he became a professor at Padova, a post which he held until his retirement in 1946. His writings include" misticismo moderno (1899), and Sommariodi storia della fifosofia (1929). em», 1931-1961; Vaccaro Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Troin, Jean Francols, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1976 from the Universite de Paris VII with a thesis entitled Les souks marocains; merche ruraux et organisation de I'espace dans la moiti« nord du Maroc. In 1963 he was affiliated with the Lycee Moulay Youssef at Rabat, and in the 1980s with the Universite de Tours as a professor of geography. His writings include Les Souks marocains (1975), and Le Maghreb; hommes et espaces (1985). MESA Roster of members, 1990; THESAM,1 Troitskaia, Anna Leonidovna, born in 1899 at Tashkent, she graduated in 1923 from the Oriental Institute, Petrograd, received her first degree in 1938, and her doctorate in 1947 for HapooHblu meamp e Y36eKucmaHe. She was successively affiliated with the State Public Library, Leningrad, and the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Her writings include Kemenoe epxuee KOKaHaCKUX xenoe XIX eeKa (1968), and Memeouenu no ucmopuu KOKaHaCK020 xencmee XIX e. (1969). Miliband; Miliband2

Trolard, Andre Jean Paulin, born 27 November 1842 at Sedan (Ardennes), he was a sometime professor at the Institut de rnedecine d'Alger, and in 1904, director of the Institut Pasteur d'Alger. His writings include La Colonisation et la question torestiere (Alger, 1891), La Question toresuere algerienne (1893), Rapport sur Ie fonctionnement de I'Institut Pasteur, 1896 (Alger, 1897), and En Algerie; Ie testament d'un assimilateur (1903). He died in Saint-Eugene, Algeria, 13 April 1910. BN; IndexBFr2 (2) Troll, Christian W., S.J., born in 1937, he was in 1989 affiliated with Selly Oak Colleges, Birmingham. His writings include Sayyid Ahmad Khan; a reinterpretation of Muslim theology (1978), and he was joint author of Islam in India: (2) Religion and religious education (1985). LC Troll, Siegfried, born about 1900, he was affiliated with Osterreichisches Museum fOr Angewandte Kunst, Wien. His writings include Altorientalische Teppiche (1951), and he was joint author of Handbuch derorientalischen Teppichkunde (1930). NUC, pre-1956 Tromp, Solco Walle, born in 1909 at Batavia, Dutch East Indies, he served as an oil adviser to the Government of Turkey, as a professor at Cairo, and as a consultant to the U.N. in Afghanistan. His writings include Preliminary compilation of the stratigraphy, structural features and oil possibilities of South Eastern Turkey (1941), Wichelroede en wetenschap (1950), and Development of geological resources in EI Salvador (1954). He died in 1983. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; ConAu, 116; Master(2) Troni, Armando, born 6 July 1911 at Palermo, he was educated at the Universlta and became a journalist. He was a prolific writer whose writings include Storia del Giappone (Firenze, 1942), and Dante e Mahomet (Palermo, 1948). Chi e, 1940, 1948; Chi scrive; Firenze; IntWWP, 1972/73-1977178; Vaccaro Trost, Paul, born in 1907, he was a professor of linguistics at University Karlovy, Praha. His writings include Studie ojazycfch a literature (1995). He died in 1987. IES; LC; PSN Trott, Alan Charles, born in 1895, he was educated at Exeter and St. John's College, Cambridge, and was called to the bar from Gray's Inn in 1925. Since 1920 he was in the Levant Consular Service, from which he resigned in 1951. He then became a director of the Middle East Centre for Arab Studies at Shemlan. He was joint translator of the Persian civil code (1937). He died in 1959. Who, 1948-1959; Who was who, 5

von Trotta-Treyden, Hans, born 28 March 1888 at Berlin, he studied at the universities of Berlin, Lausanne and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1913 for Das Leben und die Werke des sesener MaIers Domenico Beccasumi genannt Mecarino.

GV

Trotter, Sir Henry, lieut.-colonel, born in 1841, he left Addiscombe in 1860 for India as a lieutenant in the Royal Engineers, and in 1863 joined the Bengal Trigometrical Survey. With it he served until 1875, his two last years being put in with Sir Douglas Forsyth in his mission to Yarkand and Kashgar. He was later sent on a special mission to the Amir Yakub Khan and eastern Turkestan. From that employ he passed in 1876 to special service in China, and thence to act as assistant military attache at Constantinople during the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-78. In that capacity he accompanied the Turkish armies throughout the campaigns in Asia Minor and witnessed the changing fortune at Erzerum. The years of 1878 to 1894 saw him employed, first for four years in Kurdistan, then for seven years as military attache at Constantinople, and finally as consul-general in Syria, 1890-1894. During his last twelve years of official work he was British delegate on the European Commission of the Danube and consul-general for Romania. His writings include Account of the survey operations in connection with the mission to Yarkand and Kashgar in 1873-74 (1875). He died in Lucas Green Manor, Chobham, on 25 September 1919. Buckland; Embacher; Journal of the Central Asian Society 7 (1920), pp. 32-33; Riddick; The Times, 4 October 1919; Who, 1905-1917; Who was who, 2

Trotter, Isabella Lilians, born in 1853, she was in her younger years a Y.W.C.A. worker in London, and promising painter. In May of 1879 she resolved to become the leader of the Algiers Mission Band and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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went out to North Africa in 1886. She was a devoted missionary, being proficient in the use of both French and Arabic. She was widely known through her story-parables and other Christian booklets for Muslims, which were distributed in many lands. Her writings include The master of the impossible, edited by Constance E. Padwick (1938). She died in EI Biar, Algeria, 27 August 1928. International review of missions 21 no. 1 (1932), pp. 119-128; Muslim world 19 (January 1929), p. 4; Note

Trotter, John Moubray, born in 1842 at Dreghorn, Scotland, he was educated at Harrow and Addiscombe and served until 1889 as a captain in the Bengal Infantry. After his resignation he became a member of the Midlothian County Council. His writings include A contribution towards the better knowledge of the topography, ethnography, resources, and history of the Khanat of Bokhara (Calcutta, 1873), and Western Turkestan (Calcutta, 1882). He died in 1924. Britlnd (2); Who, 1905-1923; Who was who, 2

Trotter, Mildred, born in 1899 at Monaca, Pa., she graduated in 1920 from Mount Holyoke College, received a Ph.D. in 1924, and an honorary doctorate in 1980. She was since 1920 a member of Faculty of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. In 1963 she was a visiting professor at Makerere University College, Kampala. She was joint editor of Basic readings on the identification of human skeletons (1954). Master (1); WhoAm, 1974-1988/89; WhoAmW, 1958-1972/73 Troubetskoy, N. S., 1890-1938 see Trubetskoi, Nikolai Sergeevich Trouillet, A., fl. 1955, author of Note sur un assolement quadriennal et sur I'exploitation d'une petite proptiete en Tunisie (Tunis, 1895). ZKO Troupeau, Gerard, fl. 20th cent., he was a sometime professor of Arabic at l'I~cole nationale des langues orientales vivantes, and a directeur a'etuaes at l'I~cole pratique des hautes etudes, Paris. His writings include Lexique-index du Kitab de Sibawayhi (1976), Le livre des anxiomes meoiceux de d'Antioche (1997). LC; Note YOhanna Ibn Masaywh (1980), and Histoire de Yahya Ibn

seta

Trousdale, William B., born 28 April 1930 at Detroit, he graduated in 1952 from the University of Michigan and received a Ph.D. in 1967 in archaeology and fine art. Since 1973 he was a curator of archaeology at the Museum of Natural History, Smithonian Institution, Washington, D.C. His writings include The long sword and scabbard slide in Asia (1975). DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H Troussel, Lucien Marcel, born in 1885, he received a doctorate in 1922 at Alger for Les Imp6ts arabes en Algerie; leur suppression, leur replacement. He was in 1922 an administrateur principal de commune mixte and a writer on numismatics. Note; NUC, pre-1956 Trousselle, Roger, born 19th cent., his writings include Petit guide au Maroc (Paris, Cornite du Maroc, 1905), and L'CEuvrecoloniale de la Troisieme Republioue (1913). BN Trout, Frank Emanuel, born 30 March 1932 at Baltimore, Md., he graduated in 1954 from the University of Maryland and received a Ph.D. in 1966 from Yale University with a thesis entitled The Moroccan frontier in the Sahara. Since 1966 he was affiliated with Harvard as an anthropologist and human geographer. His writings include Morocco's Saharan frontier (1969). DrAS, 1969-1978 H; Selim Troutbeck, Sir John Monro, born in 1894, he was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church College, Oxford, and entered the Foreign Office in 1920. In 1928 he was granted an allowance for knowledge of Turkish. Since 1947 he was head of the Middle East Office in Cairo. He died in 1971. Britlnd (1); Who, 1948-1971; Who was who, 7

Trowbridge, Stephen Van Rensselaer, born about 1881 at Aintab (Gaziantep), Turkey, of missionary parents, he entered Princeton University in 1898, and upon his graduation returned to do missionary work in Turkey. In April of 1909 he became the only Western witness to the Armenian massacres in Adana. In 1911 he was invited to become pastor of S1. Paul's Church, Brooklyn. In 1914 he resigned to take over the work of the World's Sunday School Association in Syria, Egypt, and North Africa, a post which he held for sixteen years. During the first World War he did remarkable effective service among the Armenian refugees in Egypt but overwork undermined his health. He returned to the United States, where he died in Clifton Springs, N.Y., 12 July 1933. Missionary review 56 (1933), unidentified pagination; Note

Trowbridge, Tilman Conklin, born 28 January 1831 in Michigan, he graduated from the University of Michigan and Union Theological Seminary. He was appointed a missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in 1856 and sailed for Constantinople. He was the founder and first president of Central Turkey College at Aintab (Gaziantep) from 1876 to his death in 1888.

Encyclopedia of missions, 2nd ed., (1904); Missionary herald, vol. 122 (1926), unidentified pagination

Trubetskoi (Troubetskoy/Trubeckoj), Nikolai Sergeevich, born in 1890 at Moscow, he left Russia after the civil war and taught at the universities of Sofia and Wien, where he was elected in 1930 a member Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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of the Akademie der Wissenschaften. His writings include Anleitung zur phonologischen Beschreibung (Brno, 1935), and The common Slavic element in Russian culture (New York, 1949). He died in Wien in 1938. BiDSovU; EnBulg; GSE; IES; MalaCEnc; PorLing, pp. 526-542; PSN

Trubetskoi, Vladimir Vladimirovich, born 8 March 1924 in Russia, he graduated in 1951 from the Faculty of History, Moscow State University, and received his first degree in 1964 for 5axmuapbl, a work which was published in 1969. Since 1952 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. He died 2 January 1992. Miliband; Miliband2 Truchet, Andre Louis, colonel, 20th cent., he was in 1937 a contrcteur civil in Morocco. His writings include Initiation a la connaissance de /'islam (1949), and L'Armistice de 1940 et I'Afrique du nord (1955). BN Truffert, born 19th cent., he was in 1913 a commander of the 1er Regiment d'infanterie. He was joint author of the undated booklet, La Region du Tchad o'epres les travaux du lieut.-col. Destenave et du capt. Truffert. Note; NUC, pre-1956 Truhelka, Ciro, born 2 February 1865 at Osijek, he was an archaeologist whose writings include Siavonski banovci (1897), and he edited Tursko-slovjenski spomenici dubrovacke arhive (1911). He EncJug2 died in Zagreb, 18 September 1942. Trumbull, David, born 24 February 1937 at Schenectady, N.Y., he graduated in 1959 from Darmouth College and received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Columbia University. He taught English at Kabul from 1963 to 1965 and subsequently taught English as a foreign language at the School for International Training, Battleboro, Vt. DrAS 1969 F; Private Trumelet, Corneille, born 11 March 1820 at Reims, he joined the 7e Leger on 17 June 1839 and spent all his military career in this unit, rising to the rank of battailon commander in 1855. In 1851 the unit was stationed in North Africa. He took the opportunity to learn Arabic and Spanish so that he became ordinance officer of General Durrieu. When his regiment was ordered back to metropolitan France in 1856, his request to stay in Algeria was turned down by the Ministry. Upon the second request he received permission for a second turn in Algeria with the Bureaux arabes. He was military administrator at Teniet-el-Haad, 1868-1871, and at Aumale in 1871. He retired from military service with the rank of colonel, and commander of the Legion d'honneur. He is best remembered as a military historian; his writings include Bou-Farik et son merche (1881), Histoire de /'insurrection dans Ie sud de la province d'Alger en 1864 (1879-1884), Le Corps des interpretes militaires (1881), Les Saints de /'islam (1881), Les Frencels dans Ie desert (1885), and Blida (1887). He died in 1892. Peyronnet, pp. 327-329 Triimpelmann, Leo, born 1 September 1931 at Leipzig, he studied from 1952 to 1959 archaeology at MOnster, where he received a Dr.phil. with a thesis on the Mshatta palace. After four years with Deutsches Archaoloqlsches Institut, Tehran, he served from 1967 to 1974 as an archaeological assistant at Berlin and MOnchen. He subsequently held a professorship in Near Eastern archaeology at the Unlversitat MOnchen. His writings include Msch atta; ein Beitrag zur Bestimmung des Kunstkreises, zur Datierung und zum Stil der Ornamentik (1962), and he was joint author of Der deutschsprachige Beitrag zur archaologischen und kunstgeschichtlichen Erforschung Irans; eine Bibliographie (1977). He died in 1989. Iranica antiqua 25 (1990), pp. 183-188 Trumpener, Ulrich, born 24 March 1930 at Berlin, he graduated in 1954 from the University of Oregon and received his Ph.D. in 1960 from the University of California, Berkeley, for German relations with the Ottoman Empire. Since 1966 he was a professor of history in the University of Alberta, Edmonton. His writings include Germany and the Ottoman Empire, 1914-1918 (1968). ConAu 25-28; DrAS, 1963-1982 H; NatFacDr, 1994; WhoWor, 1987/88; WrDr, 1976/78-1984/86

Trumpp, Ernst, born in 1828 at IIsfeld, Germany, he studied at TObingen, where he received a Dr.phil. and SUbsequently took Lutheran orders and visited England. In the service of the Church Missionary Society of London he went in 1854 to Karachi for linguistic research and study, particularly Pashto. He was invalided to Jerusalem in 1856, but later took his family to Peshawar. After his return to Germany, he was for one year a lecturer in Oriental languages at TObingen before he became a professor of Semitic languages at MOnchen. His writings include Grammar of the Sindhi language (1872), Grammar of Pesto (1873), Die Religion der Sikhs (1881), and he edited and translated Die Amjuriyyah des Muhammad Ibn Daud (1876). He became totally blind in 1883 and spent the last years of his life in hospital in mental derangement. He died in MOnchen in 1885. ADtB, vol. 38, pp. 687-89; BiS&SB; Buckland; DtBE; Stache-Rosen, pp. 70-71

Tryjarski, Edward, born 31 May 1923 at Warszawa, he clandestinely graduated from secondary school in 1942 and pursued private studies of foreign languages, including Ottoman Turkish. After the war he had a brief career in journalism before studying law, and concurrently Oriental languages, at Krak6w Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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and Warszawa. After graduation he was for many years an academic editor for a leading Polish publishing house. A research post in 1956 enabled him to write his doctoral thesis on the Kipchak dialect of Polish Armenians. It was not until 1972 that he obtained his first academic post. In 1977 he also became editor of Rocznik Orientalistyczny. His writings include Dictionnaire armeno-kiptchak (1968), and he was joint author of Hunowie europejscy, protobulgarzy, chazarowie (1975). He died in 1995. Rocznik orientalistyczny 49, no. 2 (1995), pp. 7-9; Schoeberlein Trystram, Jean-Paul, born 10 April 1912 at Paris, he was successively a directeur a'etude in sociology at the Institut des hautes etudes marocaines, and a maitre de conferences at the Faculte des lettres et des sciences humaines at Aix-en-Provence. He received a doctorate in 1955 from the Faculte des lettres de Paris for Le Mineur marocain; contribution statistique a une etude sociologique. His writings include L'Ouvrier mineur au Maroc (1957). BN; Note; Unesco TSabolov, Ruslan Lazarevich, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1978 for J.1cmOpUl/eCKaR apaMMamuKa KypocKoao R3blK. His writings include Ol/epK ucmcouueceot) dionemuku KypocKoao R3blKa (1976), and Ol/epKucmopuuecnotiMopeponoauu KypocKoao R3blKa (1978). LC; OSK Tsakok, Isabelle, born 20th cent., she was in 1979 an economist with the World Bank in Washington, D.C. Her writings include Agricultural price policy (1990). LC TSakyroglou, Michael G., born in 1854 at Smyrna, he was a physician affiliated with the Turkish hospital in Smyrna. His writings include Ttl EJ.lupvaiktl 'lTOI IOTOpIKt1 «a! TOTToypaqJ1Kt1 J.lEAtT'l TTEpi ~J.ltJpv'l~ (1876-78). He died in 1920. Megali, vol. 23 (1933); NUC, pre-1956 Tsalkamanidze, Aigul' Aleksaeeva, born 20th cent., her writings include CeMaHmuKo-cuHmaKCUl/ecsue apynnbl eneeonoe a y36eKcKoM R3blKe (1987). LC TSankova-Petkova, Genoveva, fl. 1958. Her writings include 5'bnaapUR npu ACeHeaLl,U (1979).

LC

Tschebull, Raoul, born 20th cent., his writings include Carpets in the Caucasus (New York, The Near Eastern Art Research Center, lnc., and the New York Rug Society, Inc., 1971). ZKO Tschichatscheff, P. A., 1808-1893 see Chikhachev, Petr A. Tschudi, Rudolf, born 2 May 1884 at Glarus, Switzerland, he studied classical and Oriental languages at Basel and Erlangen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1910 for Das Asafname des Luffi Pascha, nach Handschriften herausgegeben und Obersetzt. Until the first World War he was successively an assistant to C. H. Becker at the Kolonialinstitut, Hamburg, and a post-doctoral student at TObingen. During the war he was director of the Hamburg Kolonialinstitut. In 1919 he followed an invitation to ZOrich as a professor. Three years later he succeeded to Friedrich Schulthef1at the Universitat Basel, where he remained 1949, when he vacated his post in favour of his student Fritz Meier. He was an excellent speaker whose competent lectures were delivered in German as its best; but his scrupulous exactitude prevented him from publishing much of his scholarship. His writings include Das Vilajetname des Hedscntm Sultan (1914). He died 11 October 1960. DtBE; DtBilnd (3); Index Islamicus (1); Schwarz; ZDMG 111 (1961), pp. 4-5

Tschudi, Jolande Neukom see Neukom-Tschudi, Jolantha TSereteli, Georgii Vasil'evich, born 21 October 1904 at Tianeti, Georgia, he was a scholar of Oriental languages, specializing in Georgian studies. His writings include Ypepmcsue naMRmHUKU MY3eR rpY3UU (1939), and Apa6cKaR xpecmouemus (1949). He died in Tiflis 9 September 1973. BioB134, pp. 508-9; IntWW,1974/75; Miliband; Miliband2

TSereteli, Konstantin Grigomevich, born 2 February 1921 at Tiflis, he graduated in 1941 from the Faculty of Philology, Tiflis, received his first degree in 1946 and gained his doctorate in 1955 with a thesis entitled Owep« cpeenumensnot) tponemuku coeoeuennux accupuiiCKUX ouenekmoe. Since 1960 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Georgian Academy of Science. His writings include xoecmouemue coepeuennoeo eccupuccxoeo R3blKa co cnoeeoeu (1958), CoapeMeHHblii eccupuiicsuti R3blK (1964), Mamepuanbl no apaMeiicKoii ouenekmonoeuu (1965), and rpaMMamuKa coepeuennoeo eccupuiicsoeo R3blKa (1968). Miliband; Miliband2 TSerunian (Dzerunian), Semen Grigor'evich (Kirkovich), born in 1860 at Constantinople, he became affiliated with Lazarevski Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow. His writings include Typeuxopyccune peseoeopu (Moscow, 1909), and Kypc OCMaHCKUX peseoeopoe (Moscow, 1924). He died in Moscow on 25 December 1931. BiobibSOT, p. 287 Tsiapera, Maria, born 26 July 1932 at Cyprus, she received a Ph.D. in 1963 from the University of Texas with a thesis entitled A Descriptive analysis of Cypriot Maronite Arabic. In 1966 she was Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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appointed a professor at the Department of Linguistics in the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, a post which she still held in 1994. She edited Generative studies in historical linguistics (1971). DrAS, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; NatFacDr,1994; Selim; WhoAm, 1980-19961; WhoAmW, 1979/80, 1981/82

Tsimhoni, Daphne, born in 1941, she studied modern history and Arabic language and literature at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and received a Ph.D. in 1976 from SOAS for The British mandate and the Arab Christians in Palestine, 1920-1925. Since 1974 she was a lecturer in modern history of the Middle East, University of Haifa. Her writings include Christian communities in Jerusalem and the West Bank since 1948 (1993). LC: Note; Sluglett; WhoWor, 1980/81 TSintsius, Vera Ivanovna, born in 1903 at St. Petersburg, she graduated in 1929 from Leningrad State University, received her first degree in 1941 for «3aeHcKuu fl3blK; eoeunemuee», and gained a doctorate in 1944 with a thesis entitled Cpeenumenuse» cPoHemuKa myneyco-eeuvceypcn»: fl3blKoa. She was affiliated with the Institute of Northern Peoples from 1927 to 1941 and served concurrently from 1932 to 1953 as a professor at her alma mater. Her writings include 04epK apaMMamuKu seencuoeo (nenvmceoeo) fl3blKa (1947). Miliband; Miliband2 TSkitishvili (TSkitashvili/C'k'tsvili), Otar Varlamovich, born 19 October 1927 at Kutaisi, Georgia, he received his first degree in 1956 with a thesis entitled J113 ucmopuu xypoumcxoeo osiuecmee no MamepuanaM apxuaa Hy3U, and his doctorate in 1970. Since 1960 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Georgian Soviet Academy of Sciences. His writings include K ucmopuu eooooe 5aaoaoa (1968). Miliband; Miliband2 Tsountas, C., fl. 1932-34, his writings include Guide pratique du chimiste dans /'industrie du ciment (Paris, 1920). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Tsoutsos, Athos Georgiou, born 25 August 1919 at Athens, he received a doctorate and a diploma from the Institut des hautes etudes internationales de l'Universite de Paris. He was briefly affiliated with the U.N.O. and in 1955 he was an associate member of the Greek Council of State. His writings include H OIOIKf]TIKf] tnotttua em TWV aUToolOIKOUIJEVWV oovavtouor« (1955), and Politique et droit dans les relations internationales (Paris, 1967). EVL, 1993/94, 1996/97; Hellenikon Tsuge, Gen'ichi, born in 1937, he received a Ph.D. in 1974 from Wesleyan University with a thesis entitled A vaz; a study of the rhythmic aspects in classical Iranian music. He was a sometime professor at the school of music and fine art in Tokyo University. His writings include Japanese music; an annotated bibliography (1986), and he was joint author of Anthology of sokyoku and jinta song texts (1983). LC TSukanov, Valentin Petrovich, born 20th cent., his writings include Heoeeuoueonocm» peeuonensnoeo peseumus JIIpaHa; 3KOHOMUKa u nonumuke, 60-70-yaoobl (1984). LC TSukerman, Isaak losifovich, born in 1909 at Minsk, he graduated in 1934 at Leningrad and received his first degree in 1939 with a thesis entitled Cknonenust UMeH cyiuecmeumenenux a KypOCKOM fl3blKe, and a doctorate in 1965 for his published works. He was a lecturer since 1947, and since 1957 affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include 04epKu KypocKouapaMMamuKu (1962). Miliband; Miliband2 TSulaia, Givi Vasil'evich, born 20th cent., he edited Ilemonucs Kapmnu (Tiflis, 1981), and he translated )J(U3Hb Bexmeuee Fopeecene (Tiflis, 1986). LC TSvetaev, Mikhail Alekseevich, fl. 1956, his writings include WapucP ,a>KypaecP (Moscow, 1962).

OSK

TSvetkov, Petr P., born 19th cent., his writings include ,a)/(uxao a Kopenu u a >KU3HU (St. Petersburg, 1888), PyccKo-mypeu,Kuu cnoeeps (St. Petersburg, 1902), and JIIcnaMu3M (Askhabad, 1912-1913). He died about 1924. BiobibSOT, p. 285-286 TSvetkova, Bistra Andreeva, born 30 August 1926 at Sofia, she studied at Sofia, to which Cairo and Paris were added in 1958 and 1961/62 respectively. She obtained a doctorate from Leningrad University in 1972 with a thesis on the Balkans and the Ottoman conquest of the first part of the fifteenth century. She was a collaborator of the Bulgarian Academy of Science since 1952 and, since 1972, a professor at Sofia University and concurrently a director of the Commission on OttomanTurkish source materials. In 1981 the Universite de Strasbourg conferred on her an honorary doctorate. Her writings include OCMaHcKu nonumuuecsu mpexmem (1972), and Les Institutions ottomanes en Europe (1978). As a consequence of a tragic traffic accident, during which her husband was killed instantly, and she seriously wounded, she committed suicide, 16 August 1982. 1.1. (3)

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TSvibak, Milkhail Mironovich, born about 1900, his writings include J13 ucmopuu «enumenusue e Poccuu (Leningrad, 1925), Pocmoe - ucmoou« (Tashkent, 1927), and he was joint author of Knecooeuti epee ucmopUlieCKOM tpoonme (Moscow, 1931). NUC, pre-1956; aSK TSybul'skii, Vladimir Vasil'evich, born 23 December 1908 (5 January 1909) at Elizatvetpol (Ganjal Kirovabad), Azerbaijan, he received a doctorate in 1961 for Heyunoe necneoue A. Lfuxalleea, euoeioiueeoc« eeoepeipe, eocmosoeeoe u nymeuiecmeennuxe. He was appointed a lecturer in 1941, and a professor in 1967. Since 1959 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy A. Lfuxalleea Ha Anmau of Science. His writings include TYP~UR (1943), HayliHoe nymewecmeue (1958), coepeueunue KaneHoapu cmpen 5nU>KHeaO u CpeoHeao Bocmoke (1964), and 3KoHoMulleCKaR eeoepeibu» cmpen 5nU>KHeaO u Cpeoneeo Bocmoxe (1969). He died 22 February 1992. Miliband2

n.

n.

Tuaillon, Jean Louis Georges, fl. 1944, he was a lieutenant-colonel and a sometime chef d'escadron. He received doctorates at Montpellier for his theses, Essai sur I'existence d'une loi de la guerre, and L'Afrique occidentale trencelse, par l'Atlantique ou par Ie Sahara, in 1925 and 1936 respectively. His writings include Bibliographie critique de I'Afrique occidentale frangaise (1936). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Tual, Anny, born in 1936, she received a doctorat de 1995,1997

seme cycle in ethnology at Paris in 1965.

AnEIFr,

Tubert, Paul, born in 1886 at La Fleche (Sarthe), he served until 1940 as a commander of the Gendamerie in Algeria. After the war he became a mayor of Alger and member of the constituent assembly. In 1946 he rose to the rank of general. He later joined the Union progressiste. "Feroucne epureieur, if appartenait a la petite phalange des «resistantialistes» qui, selon un formule celebre, n'evelent oubli« et rien appris. (( His writings include L'Homme de la rue et la politique du Gouvernement (1944), L'Algerie vivra trenceise et heureuse (1946), and L'Ouzbekistan, republtque sovtetique (1951). He died in 1971. IndexBFr2 (1)

Tubiana, Joseph, born 22 October 1919 at Alger, he studied ethnology at Paris and became affiliated with the C.N.R.S. His writings include Recueif de versions amhariques prooosees au becceieureet et aux examens de I'Ecale nationale des langues vivantes (1966), and Ethioconcord; a computerized concordance of the Ethiopian and Gregorian calendars (1988), and he was joint author, with MarieJosee Tubiana, of Contes Zaghawa; trente-sept contes et deux teqendes recueillis au Tchad (1962). Unesco

Tubiana, Marie Josee, born 19 November 1930 at Bordeaux, she studied ethnology at Paris where she also received a doctorate in 1983 for Possession et oeposseeslon; les transfers de biens et leur role dans les relations sociales chez les Beri, Zaghawa et Bideyat du Tchad et du Soudan. She became affiliated with the C.N.R.S. Her writings include The Zaghawa from an ecological perspective (1977), Des troupeaux et des femmes (1985), and she was joint author, with Joseph Tubiana, of Contes Zaghawa; trente-sept contes et deux leqendes recueillis au Tchad (1962). THESAM,3; Unesco Tucci, Giuseppe Vincenzo, born 5 June 1894 at Macerata, Italy, he was a professor of religions and philosophy of India in the Unlverslta di Roma from 1933 to 1965. An authority on Middle Eastern and Asian archaeology, with particular reference to Tibet and Nepal, he was awarded the Sir Percy Sykes Memorial Medal by the Royal Central Asian Society in 1971. His writings include Asia religiosa (1946), A Lhasa e oltre (1948), and its translation, To Lhasa and beyond (1987). He died 5 April 1984. Au&Wr, 1963; Bioln 14; Chi Wholtaly, 1958-1980

e,

1931-1961; ConAu 112; IndBI (3); IntWW, 1974/75-1983; Note; NYT 6 April 1984, B-5, col. 4;

Tucci, Raffaele di, 1884- see Di Tucci, Raffaele Tucci, Ugo, fl. 1950-1974, he was joint author of Ordinamento dello Stato italiano e della scuola elementare (1950). NUC, pre-1956 Tuch, Johann Christian Friedrich, born 17 December 1806 at Quedlinburg, Germany, he studied theology and Oriental languages at Halle and successively became a professor of Old Testament studies and Semitic languages at Halle and Leipzig. His writings include Kammentar abet die Genesis (1838), and he edited Abulfeda's Desciptionis Mesopotamiae (1830). He died in Leipzig, 12 April 1867.

ADtB, vol. 38, pp. 754-756; DtBE; DtBiind (1)

Tuchelt, Klaus, born 25 April 1931 at Dessau, he was an archaeologist and professor, and from 1981 to 1996 a director of Deutsches Archaoloqlsches Institut, Istanbul. His writings include his Dr.habil. thesis, Die arabischen Stulpturen von Didyma (1970), Frahe Denkmeter Roms in Kleinasien (1979), and he edited Tarkische Gewander und osmanische Gesellschaft im achtzehnten Jahrhundert (1966). KOrschner, 1983-2001

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Tuchscherer, Michel, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Institut francais d'etudes arabes de Damas. He edited and translated Imams, notables et Bedouins du Yemen; chronique de al-Bahkali, texte presente et traduit (1992), and he edited Yemen, passe et present de I'unite (1994), and Chronique de 'Abd aI-Rahman al-Bahkali (2000). LC; Livres disponibles, 2001 Tucker, Alexander Lauzun Pendock, C.I.E., born in 1861, he was educated at Winchester and Balliol College, Oxford. He entered the Indian Civil Service in 1882, was political agent in Haraoti and Tonk, 1895, commissioner in Ajmer-Merwara, 1899-1904, agent to governor-general in Baluchistan, 19051907, revenue and judicial commissioner in North-West-Frontier Provinces, 1908-1912, and agent to the governor-general in Central India, 1912-1913. His writings include Sir Robert G. Sandeman, peaceful conquerer of Baluchistan (1895). He died in 1941. JRCAS 29 (1942), pp. 157-158; WhE&EA; Who, 1936-1940; Who was who, 4

Tucker, Archibald Norman, born 10 March 1904 at Cape Town, he received a Ph.D. in 1929 at London for The comparative phonetics of the Suto-Chuana group of Bantu languages. He was from 1952 to 1971 a professor of East African languages at SOAS. His writings include Tribal music and dancing in the southern Sudan (1933), and The eastern Sudanic languages (1940). He died in 1980. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 101; Unesco; Who, 1969-1980; Who was who, 7; WrDr, 1976/78-1980/82

Tucker, G. Richard, born 20th cent., he was in 1994 a professor of psychology at the Department of Modern Languages, Carnegie Mellon University, Ptittsburgh, Pa. He was joint author of Exploring strategies for developing a cohesive national direction toward language education in the United States (1983). NatFacDr, 1994 Tucker, Judith Ellen, born 20th cent., she received a Ph.D. in 1981 from Harvard with a thesis entitled Women and the family in Egypt, 1800-1860; a study in changing roles and status. She was married to Sharif S. Elmusa, and in 1994 a professor at the Department of History in Georgetown University, Washigton, D.C. Her writings include Women in nineteenth century Egypt (1985), and In the house of the law; gender and Islamic law in Ottoman Syria and Palestine (1998). LC; NatFacDr,1994; Selim2 ; ZKO Tucker, William Frederick, born 21 April 1941 at Whiteville, N.C., he graduated in 1964 from the University of North Carolina and received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Indiana University with a thesis entitled Revolutionary Chiliasm in Umayyad Iraq; a study of the Bayaniyyah, Mughiriyyah, Mansuriyyah, and Janahiyyah sects of the extreme Snte. He subsequently became a professor of Islamic history at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. DrAS, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1982; Selim Tuckett, Francis Fox, born in 1834, his writings include Hochalpenstudien (1873-74), and A Pioneer in the Alps; Alpine diaries and letters, edited by E. Howard and W. A. B. Coolidge (1920). He died in 1913. NUC, pre-1956 Tuder, Jean Etienne, born 11 January 1901 at Toulon, he was educated at Toulon and Nice and studied at the Faculte de droit de Paris, where he obtained a diploma in law. He subsequently graduated from the Ecole speciale militaire de Saint-Cyr and took an officers course at the Bureau des Affaires indigenes at Rabat, 1926-27. He served in various capacities in Moroccan Berber territory until 1947. After study, in 1948, at the Centre des hautes etudes administratives musulmanes, Paris, he was attached to the resident general de France in Morocco from 1949 to his retirement in 1953, when he became a barrister in the Cour d'appel de Paris. He died 15 January 1978. WhoFr, 1973/1974-1979 N Tufnell, Olga, born in 1905, she was affiliated with the British School of Archaeology in Egypt and edited Lachish, Tell ed Duweir(London, 1938-58. She died in 1985. Egyptology; NUC, pre-1956 Tuganova, Ol'ga Edgarovna, born 20th cent., her writings include ttonumuxe CiliA u Kaanuu Ha 5nU>KHeM u CpeoHeM Bocmose (1960), and Me>KoyHapooHble omnouienun Ha 5nU>KHeM u CpeoHeM Bocmore (1967), and Kopa6nb 6eccMepmufl; naMcjJnem (1995). LC Tugusheva, Liliia IUsufzhanovna, born 10 January 1932 in Kazakhstan, she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg. Her writings include YClaYPcKafl eepcus tiuoepeipuu ClOaHb-lJ,3aHa (1991), and she edited ¢JpaaMeHmbl yOaypcKoO eepcuu 6uoapatpuu ClOaHblJ,3aHa (1980). Schoeberlein Tuillier, Alphonse Marie Pierre, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1900 from the Faculte de droit de Paris with a thesis entitled Regime des chemins de fer algerienne. BN Tulbah, Mustafa Kamal, 1922- see Tolba, Mostafa Kamal Tuma, Elias H., born 12 November 1928, in Palestine, he received a Ph.D. in 1962 from Columbia University for Economics, politics, and land tenure reform. He subsequently became a professor of economics at the University of California, Davis, a post which he seems to have held until his Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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retirement. His writings include Peacemaking and the immoral war (1972), Economic and political change in the Middle East (1987); he was joint author of The economic case for Palestine (1978). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 115; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1993; Note

Tu'mah, Salih Jawad, 1929- see Altoma, Salih Jawad

Tumanovich, Natal'liia Nikolaevna, born 9 June 1928 at Leningrad, she graduated in 1950 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, where she also received her first degree in 1954 for AHanul1cKafi 3KcnaHCUFI a nepcuocKOM 3anuae a XIX aeKe. She received a doctorate in 1991 for a monograph. Her writings include Eeponyiicrue Oep)l(aabl a tteocuoceo« 3anuae a XVI-XIX ee. (1982), and repam a xvt-xvm eesex (1989). Miliband; Miliband 2 Tumanskii, Aleksandr Grigorevich, called Kanaras, although he died a general, he was born in 1861. He was a student of Baron V. Rosen at St. Petersburg and also trained at the Oriental Institute of the Foreign Ministry. He became an artillery general and served in the Caucasus, where he pursued an interest in the teaching of the Babis. He subsequently edited their holy book, entitled Kuma6e aKoec (1899). He also wrote the booklet Apa6cKuu fl3blK u KaaKa30aeoeHue (Tiflis, 1911). His name is perpetuated in the Persian manuscripts Anonymous Tumanski. He died in exile in 1921. Krachkovskii, pp. 188-189; Wieczynski, vol. 40, pp. 82-83

Tumasheva, Diliara Garifovna, born in 1926, she was affiliated with Kazan University since 1952. Her writings include ,auaneKmbl CU6UpCKUX mamap (1977), Cmpysmyp« u ucmopun Temeocxoeo fl3blKa (1982), and she edited nccneooeennu» no memeponon fl3blKy (1982), and Temepcsuti flXblK (1984). LC; TatarES

Tumertekln, Erol, born 23 July 1926 at Constantinople, he received a doctorate in 1954 for Aglf demir ve Tarkiyedeki durumu. He was appointed a professor of geography in 1964. He was joint author of Distribution of out-born population in Istanbul (1977). Kim kimdir, 1997/98-2000 Tuna, Orhan, born 14 October 1909 at Constantinople, he went to school in Edirne and graduated from the commercial school in Constantinople. From 1928 to 1930 he was employed by the TOrkiye Ziraat Bankas: in Constantinople and Ankara. After graduating from an Istanbul trade college in 1935, he continued his formal study at the Universitat Heidelberg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1938 for Durchbruch der Tarkei zur nationalen Staatswirischaft. In the 1960s, he was a professor of economics at Istantbul Oniversitesi. His writings include Grev hekk) (1951). Note; Thesis Tunaya, Tank Zafer, born in 1915 at Constantinople, he graduated from the Faculty of Law, Istanbul, where he successively became a lecturer and, in 1959, a professor, retiring in 1983 from its Faculty of Political Science, of which he had been a founder. His writings include TOrkiyede siyasT pariiler, 18591952 (1952). He was honoured by a felicitation volume entitled Tarih ve demokrasi (1992). He died 29 January 1991. AnaBrit; MESA bulletin, 25 (1991), pp. 305-307 Tuncdftek, Necdet, born in 1921 at Constantinople, he gained a doctorate and became a professor of geography. His writings include Bozani9 kayO (1964), Torkiye iskan cografyasl (1967), Stce« ku§ak (1975), and TOrkiye'de yerle§menin evrimi (1986). AnaBrit

Tuncer, Baran, born 20th cent., he obtained a doctorate and became a professor. His writings include The impact of population growth on the Turkish economy (1968), Tarkiye'de yeoenct sermaye sorunu (1968), and Turkey's population and economy in the future (1977). TB, 1968, 1978; LC Tupetz, Theodor, born 28 November 1852 at Fugau, Bohemia, he studied at Karls Universitat Prag and gained a doctorate. He was a regional inspector of schools and a teacher at the German teachers' college, Prag. His writings include Geschichte der asterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie (1891), and Geschichte der Erziehung und des Unterrichts far Lehrer (Wien, 1894). DtBiind (3); Werist's, 1909-1928

Tuqan, Baha' ai-Din, 1910- see Toukan, Baha' ai-Din Tur-Sinai, Naphtali Herz, born Harry Torczyner on 13 November 1886 at Lemberg, Galicia, he studied at the Universitat and concurrently at Israelitisch-Theologische Lehranstalt, Wien, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1913 for Altbabylonische Tempelrechnungen. He was a philologist and Old Testament scholar whose writings include Das Buch Hiob (1920). He died in Jerusalem in 1973. BioHbDtE; DtBE; Judl.ex; Schwarz; Wininger

Turan, Adil liter, born 28 March 1941 at Istanbul, he studied political science and gained an M.A. in 1964 at Columbia University, N.Y.C., and his doctorate in 1966 in economics at Istanbul. He became a professor of political science in Turkey and was frequently a visiting professor in the United States. His writings include Cumhuriyet tarihimiz (1969), and Vatanda gurbet (1980). Kim kimdir , 1997/98-2000; MESA Roster of members, 1982; Note

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Turan, Osman, born in 1914 at Soganh, Trabzon, Turkey, he was a Seljuk scholar.

His writings include On iki hayvanlJ Turk takvimi (1941), and Istanbul'un fethinden once yazllml§ tarihl takvimler (1954). He died in Istanbul 17 August 1984. AnaBrit

Turbervill, Edith Picton, ca. 1872-1960 see Picton-Turbervill, Edith Turbet-Delof, Guy, born 20th cent., his writings include L'Afrique barbaresque dans la litterature trenceise aux XVle et XVlle stecte (1973), La Presse penodique irencelse et l'Afrique barbaresque au

XVlle siecie (1973), and Bibliographie critique du Maghreb dans la litterature trenceise, 1532-1715 (1976), La Revolution hongroise de 1956; journal d'un temoin (1996), and he edited Histoire d'AIi ibn Murad (1982). LC

Turchaninov, Georgii Fedorovich, born 4 April 1902, he obtained a doctorate in philology and became affiliated with the Philological Institute in the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His writings include IpaMMamuKa Ka6apaUHcKoao fl3blKa (1940), and naMflmHuKu nucuee u fl3blKa nepoooe KaaKa3a u Bocmo-moi: Eaponbl (1971). LC

Turchi, Nicola, born 7 January 1882 at Roma, he was from 1905 to 1910 a professor of rhetoric at Scuola di Propaganda Fide, and later successively a professor of history of religion at Roma and Firenze. In 1919 he founded the journal Religio. His writings include La civilta bizantina (1915), and La religione (1938). He died in Roma in 1952. Chi e, 1928-1957; IndBI (1); Vaccaro Turczyriskl, Emanuel, born 18 July 1919 at Czernowitz, Bukovina, he received a Dr.phil. in 1955 at MOnchen for Die deutsch-griechischen Kulturbeziehungen bis zur Berufung Konig Qttos. He was since 1971 a professor of Balkan studies at the Universitat Bochum. His writings include Konfession und Nation (1976), and Geschichte der Bukowina in der Neuzeit (1993). On his seventieth birthday he was honoured by Von der Pruth-Ebene bis zum Gipfel des Ida (1989), and in 1993 he was granted an honorary doctorate at Bucuresti. Kurschner, 1976-2001

Turin, Yvonne, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in 1959 from the Faculte des lettres et

a

sciences humaines de Lyon for L'Education et t'ecote en Espagne de 1874 1902 (1959). Her writings include Miguel de Unamuno universitaire (1962), and Affrontements culturels dans I'Algerie coloniale; ecoies, medicine, religion, 1830-1880 (1983). BN; LC

Turk, Morris Howland, born in 1867 at Greenwood, Ind., he was ordained in 1898 and received a Ph.D. in 1902 at Boston. He was a clergyman. He died in 1939. DcNAA; IndA,m; WhAm, 1 Turkova, Helena, born in 1900, she obtained a commercial education and learned several European languages. In the early 1930s she spent three years in Turkey and subsequently decided to study Turkology, a plan which she was able to realize only after the end of the war. She received her doctorate in 1948 for a Czech translation of Evliya Celebi's travels through Dalmatia and Bosnia, 16601661. Soon thereafter, she joined the faculty of Universita Karlova, Praha, a post which she held until her retirement in the late 1960s. Her writings include Die Reisen und Streifzuge Evliya gelebis in Dalmatien und Bosnien in den Jahren 1659-61 (1965), as well as translations from Omer Seyfettin, Sabahattin Ali, and Orhan Kemal. She died in 1982. Archiv orientBlni 52 (1984), pp. 75-77

Turlington, Edgar Willis, born in 1891 at Smithfield, N.Y., he graduated in 1911 from the University of North Carolina, and was from 1911 to 1914 a Rhodes scholar at Oxford. He was a lawyer who in 1923 was detailed by the U.S. Government as legal adviser to the Lausanne Peace Conference. He later also served as a legal adviser to foreign governments, and as a lecturer. His writings include Mexico and her foreign creditors (1930). He died in 1959. Amlnd (1); WhAm, 3

Turnbull, Harvey, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with Trinity College, Cambridge.

His writings

include The Guitar from the Renaissance to the present day (1974). LC; Note

Turner, Bryan Stanley, born 14 January 1945 at Birmingham, he graduated in 1966 from the University of Leeds, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1970. He served as a professor of sociology in the U.K. until 1982 when he began a career at Flinders University, Australia. His writings include Weber and Islam (1974), Marx and the end of orientalism (1979), and he edited Citizenship and social theory (1993). ConAu 115; Who, 2000, 2001; WhoAus, 1988-2001; WrDr, 1984/86-1998/2000 Turner, Christopher John Godfrey, born 23 April 1923 in Walsall, West Midlands, he was an Alexander von Humboldt fellow from 1962 to 1964 and received a Ph.D. in Byzantine studies in 1966. In the same year he became a professor of Russian at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; he later taught at the Department of Slavonic Studies in the University of British Columbia, a post which he still held in 1979. DrAS, 1969 F; NatFacDr, 1979

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Turner, G. D., born 19th cent., he was an honorary secretary to the Persia Society, London. His writings include An account of the main events in Persia during the period October 1912 to October 1913, and a review of some of the literature published during that period (1913). BLC; NUC, pre-1956 Turner, Louis Mark, born 8 August 1942 at Sheerness, England, he graduated in 1964 from Trinity College, Oxford. He was a researcher on multinational corporations at the University of Salford from 1964 to 1973 when he became a fellow at the Royal Institute of International Affiars, London. His writings include Oil companies in the international system (1979), and he was joint author of Middle East industrialization (1979). ConAu 37-41, new rev., 15,34; Master (1); WrDr, 1976/78-1996/981 Turner, Michael A., born in 1947, he received a Ph.D. in 1975 from Kent State University for The He subsequently served as a professor at the Deptament of Political Science in Findlay (Ohio) College. In 2002 he was affiliated with the International University, San Diego, Calif. NatFacDr, 2002; Note international politics of narcotics; Turkey and the United States.

Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley, born in 1888 at Charlton, England, he taught in England and India before joining the University of London in 1922. His writings include The position of Romani in Indo-Aryan (1927), A Comparative dictionary of the Nepali language (1931), and Collected papers, 1912-1973 (1975). He died in Bishop's Strotford in 1983. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; BlueB, 1973/74-1976; CentBritOr, pp. 220-34; ConAu 58,109; DNB; IntWW, 1972/73-1983N; IntYB, 1978-1983; WhE&EA; Who, 1956-1983; Who was who, 8; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79

Turner, Terisa E., born 20th cent., she was affiliated with the International Oil Working Group as well as the Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University, Montreal. Her writings include Trade union action to stop oil to South Africa (1985), Arise ye mighty people (1994), and she was joint author of Oil and class struggle (1980), and Soldiers and oil; the 1983 coup in Nigeria (1985). LC Turner, Thomas Hudson, born in 1815 at London, he was for a short time resident secretary of the Archaeological Institute, and contributed many articles to the Archaeological journal. He died in Camden Town in 1852. Concise DNB; DcBiPP; DNB Turot, Henri, born in 1865 at Bar-sur-Aube, France, he was a militant socialist, a member of the Parti socialiste revolutlonnaire, conseiller municipal de Paris, and an editor of La Petite republtoue. His writings include L'lnsurrection cretoise et la guerre qreco-turque (1898), and D'une gare a I'autre (1901). He died in 1922 or 1920. DcBMOuvF; IndexBFr2 (1) Turri, Eugenio, born in 1931, he was a prolific writer who translated from the French Viaggio all'isla Maurizio (1962), and wrote Viaggio a Samarcanda (1963), " diario del geologo (1967), La Lessinia (1969), Antropologia del paesaggio (1974), and La Megalopoli padana (2000). LC Tursunov, Edyge Darigul-uly, fl. 1976, his writings include reHe3UC «esexcxot) 6blmoBoCi CKa3U (AlmaAta, 1973). NUC, 1973-1977 Tursunov, Khabib Tursunovich, born 9 May 1913 at Tashkent, he gained a doctorate and in 1964 was appointed a professor. His writings include PeBonJOLJ,Ufl 1905-1907 22. B Y36eKucmaHe (1955), Boccmenue 1916 20aa B CpeaHeCi Asuu u Kesexcmene (1962), and Heuuonensue» nonumuse KOMMyHucmuLfecKo napmuu B Tvokucmene, 1917-192422. (1971). UzbekSE Tushingham, Arlotte Douglas, born 19 January 1914 at Toronto, Ont., he received a B.D. in 1941 from the University of Chicago, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1948 for Natural law in the Old Testament. He was since 1955 a professor of Near Eastern studies in the University of Toronto, and concurrently head of the Art and Archaeology Division in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. He was joint author of The Crown jewels of Iran (1968). He died in February 2002. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; Canadian, 1970/71-2001; ConAu 41-44; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; WrDr, 1976/78-2002

Tushishvili, Leila Nikolaevna, born 9 October 1924 at Tiflis, she received her first degree in 1951 at Tiflis with a thesis entitled Apa6cKue nescuuecxue 3neMeHmbi B «Wax-HaM3». Since 1952 she was affiliated with the Tiflis State University, where she became a lecturer in 1957. Her writings include Ilepcuocce» xoecmouemun co cnoeepen (1970). Miliband; Miliband2 Tuson, Penelope J., born 20 March 1946 in England, she graduated in history from University College, London, in 1968. She was curator of Middle East Archives in the India Office Records (Foreign and Commonwealth Office, later British Library), London, from 1968 to 1996. In 1995, she received a M.A. in women's studies from the University of Kent and subsequently researched and published on women's history in the Middle East. In 1998, she accepted a post as director of research at the U.S. law firm LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene & MacRae, London. She was a fellow of BRISMES. Her writings include The records of the British Residency and Agencies in the Persian Gulf (1979), Records of the Emirates; primary documents (1990), Records of Qatar, 1820-1960 (1991), Records of Saudi Arabia, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

546 1902-1960 (1992), and Playing the game; Western women in Arabia (2003); she edited The Queen's daughters; an anthology of Victorian feminist writings on India, 1857-1900 (1995), and she was joint editor of Women's studies; papers presented at a colloquium at the British Library (1990), and Arabian treaties, 1600-1960 (1992). Private

Tusun, 'Urnar, 1872-1944 see 'Umar Tusun, Prince Tute, Sir Richard Clifford, born in 1874, he was educated at York and London, and called to the bar from Inner Temple. He was with the Indian Civil Service until 1913, and from 1919 to 1925 he served in various legal capacities in Palestine. His writings include The Ottoman land laws (1927), and After materialism - what? (1945). He died in 1950. WhE&EA; Who was who, 4 Tuttle, Edwin Hotchkiss, born in 1879 at New Haven, Conn., his writings include Finnic and Dravidian (New Haven, 1911), and Dravidian development (Philadelphia, 1930). He died in 1939. DcNAA van der Tuuk, Hermanus Neubronner, born 23 February 1824 in Malacca, he studied successively law and Oriental languages at Groningen. In 1848 he was sent by the Nederlandsch Bijbelgenoetschap to Batakland to translate the Bible into Batak (Toba). Before departing for the East Indies he studied Malay manuscripts at the East India House and the Royal Asiatic Society, London. After returning home in 1858, his work earned him an honorary doctorate by the Universiteit te Utrecht. During his last twenty years in the East Indies, he worked on his Kawi-Balineesch-Nederlandsch woorden-boek, which established his reputation as the founder of comparative Malay-Polynesian philology. His writings include Maleisch leesboek (1868). He died in Surabaja, 17 August 1894. EncNI; NieuwNBW, v. 2, col. 1458 Tuulio, Oiva Johannes, also known as Tallqren-Tuulio, born 17 January 1878 in Finland, he was a sometime professor at Helsingfors. He edited and translated al-ldrisi, La Finlande et les autres pays baltiques orientaux (1930), and Ibn Quzman, poeie hispano-arabe bilingue (1941). Aikalaiskirja, 1934; ScBlnd (2); Vem och dad, 1931-19411

Tuzlic, Ahmed, born 15 April 1906 at Sarajevo, he there attended the Seriatskoj Gimnaziji and Gazi Husrev-begove Medrese. He received a doctorate at Sarajevo with a thesis entitled Virgilije u srpskhrvatskim prevo-dima. He was a professor at the Faculty of Philosophy, Sarajevo. He died in Sarajevo 16 August 1985. Anali Gazi Husrevbegove Bibliioteke 11/12 (1985), pp. 334-335; JugoslSa, 1970 Tveritinova, Anna Stepanovna, born in 1910 near Moscow, she received her first degree in 1939 with a thesis entitled Bocmennue Kapa-R3bla>KU-,[jenu xecene 8 Typu,uu, a work which was published in 1946. Since 1932 she was affiliated with the Orientail Institute in the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Etudes ba/kaniques 10 (1974), pp. 246-47; Miliband; Miliband2

Twaddle, Michael, born 28 March 1939, his writings include Expulsion of a minority; essays on Ugandan Asians (1975), The wages of slavery (1993); he edited Imperialism, the state, and the Third World (1992); and he was joint editor of Uganda now (1988), and Changing Uganda (1991). LC Tweedie, William, born in 1836, he was educated at Edingburgh University and entered the Army in 1857 and rose to the rank of major-general. He later held several political appointments in India and the Ottoman Empire. From 1882 to 1892 he was consul-general in Baghdad. His writings include Turkish Arabia (1888), and The Arabian horse, his country and people (1894). He died in 1914. Buckland; Riddick; Who was who, 1

Tweedy, Owen Meredith, born in 1888 at Dublin, and educated at Clifton College, and Caius College, Cambridge. He was a journalist who specialized in Middle East political affairs. During his travels he took photographs, a good many of which are now in the Photographic Archive at the Middle East Centre, St. Antony's College, Oxford. He contributed numerous articles to a dozen periodicals. His writings include By way of the Sahara (1930), Russia at random (1931), Cairo to Persia and back (1933), The Dublin Tweedys (1956), Gathering moss; memoir of Owen Tweedy, edited by Thomas Crowe (1967). He died in 1960. WhE&EA Twining, William Lawrence, born 22 September 1934 at Kampala, Uganda, he graduated from Brasenose College, Oxford. He started his academic career in 1958 as a lecturer in law in East Africa. Since 1983 he was Quain Professor of Jurisprudence in the University of London. His writings include The Place of customary law in the national legal systems of East Africa (1964). ConAu 123, new rev. 51; Unesco; Who, 1985-2001

Twiss, Sir Travers, born in 1809, he entered Oxford in 1826, took honours in mathematics and classics, and became examiner in both subjects, between 1835 and 1840. An Epitomy of Barthold G. Niebuhr's History of Rome (1836), and an edition of Titus Livius were among the fruits of his academic studies. In 1842 he was appointed to the quinquennial Drummond Professorship of Political Economy. The less fleeting professorship of civil law was afterwards held by him for many years. He died in 1897. BiD&SB; Britlnd (7); CelCen; DNB; Economic jouma/7 (1897), p. 145; EncBrit; Master (1) Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Twitchell, Karl Saben, born in 1885 at St. Albans, Vt., he was a graduate of the School of Mining in Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. After graduation he worked at his profession in the United States and Cyprus. During the first World War he served as supervisor of the extraction of forest products for the British armies of Palestine and Egypt. He was later commissioned to survey the mineral resources of Abyssinia. In the service of Charles R. Crane, he went to Southern Arabia in 1927 to act as technical adviser to the Imam Yahya, ruler of the Yemen. Until the spring of 1932 four more expeditions followed suit. He was joint author of Saudi Arabia, with an account of the development of its natural resources (1947). He died in St. Albans, Vt., 7 January 1968. Master (1); Note; NYT 10 January 1968, p. 43, col. 3; Shavit

Tworuschka, Monika nee Funke, born 2 March 1951 at Herford, Germany, she studied Islamics, comparative religion and political science at Bonn, where she received a Dr.phil. in 1976 with a thesis entitled Die Rolle des Islam in den arabischen Staatsverfassungen. Her writings include Allah ist groB (1983), Analyse der GeschichtsbOcher zum Thema Islam (1986), Kleines Lexikon Islam (1992), Muhammad; die Geschichte des Propheten (2001), and, with her husband Udo Tworuschka, Islam (1982). She also wrote numerous juvenile books on religion. Private; Schwarz; Thesis Tyan, Emile Daoud, born in 1901, he studied law at the Universite St. Joseph de Beyrouth and received a doctorate in 1926 from the Faculty de droit de Lyon for Le Systeme de responsabilite delictuelle en droit musulman. He was a professor of law at Beirut, and a politician, serving as a prime minister of Lebanon. His writings include Histoire de forganisation judiciaire en pays aisiem (1938), Le Califat en regime sultanien (1956), Sultanat et califat (1956), Droit commercial (1968-70), and La prescription (1977). BN; WhoLeb,1973/74 Tychsen, Oluf Gerhard, born 14 December 1734 at Tondern (Tender), Schleswig, he early in life began to study Oriental languages, learning Hebrew from a local rabbi. In 1759-60 he went as a missionary to the Jews. After his return he became a teacher of Hebrew and Oriental languages at the Universltat Butzow, Mecklenburg. He was appointed a professor in 1763, and in 1789 went up to Rostock, where he became an authority on Oriental numismatics. At both places he also served as a librarian. His writings include Elementale arabicvm (1792), Introdvctio in rem nvmariam mvhammedanorvm (1794); and he edited AI-Makrizi Historia monetae arabicae (1797). He died in Rostock, 30 December 1815. Ramona French wrote a thesis entitled Oluf Gerhard Tychsen, ein deutscher Orientalist; eine Untersuchung seiner Korrespondenz. ADtB, vol. 49, pp. 38-51; BiD&SB; DtBE; DtBilnd (9); Egyptology;

GdeEnc; GDU; Sezgin

Tychsen, Thomas Christian, born 8 May 1758 at Horsbull near Tondern (Tender), Schleswig, he studied theology and philosophy at Kiel and GOttingen. With a travel grant he went in 1783 to France, Spain, and Lombardy. After obtaining a doctorate at Wien, he became in 1785 a professor of theology at GOttingen. During his last years he pursued an interest in Oriental languages and wrote a Grammatik der arabischen Schriftsprache (1823), a work which was in use for a long time. He died in GOttingen, 23 October 1834. ADtB, vol. 49, p. 51; BiD&SB; DtBE; DtBilnd (8); GDU Tylden, Geoffrey, born 1883 in England, he was an army officer, Free State farmer, and military historian whose writings include Early days in Maseru (1944), History of Thaba Bosiu (1945), The rise of Basuto (1950), Armed forces of South Africa (1954), and Heroes and saddlery (1965). He died in Sevenoaks, Kent, in 1970. DSAB, vol. 5, pp. 783-784 Tyler, Royall, born in 1884, he studied in Germany and at Paris, but took no degrees. He was a lifelong student and collector of Byzantine art, and a remarkable linguist. His bequeathed his collection to Harvard University. His writings include Spain; a study of her life and arts (1909), and he was joint author of Byzantine art (1926), and L'Art byzantin (1932). He died, by his own hand, in Paris in 1953. DAB S 5; Master (2)

Tyloch, Witold Joseph, born 16 March 1927 at Chojnice, Poland, he was educated at the Catholic University, Lublin and Uniwersytet Warszawski, obtaining doctorates in divinity and philosophy. He joined Uniwersytet Warszawski in 1959 and was a sometime chairman of the Department of Semitic and African languages at the Oriental Institute. His publications include his second thesis, Aspekty spoleczne gminy z Qumran (1968), Odkrycia w Ugarit a Stary Testament (1980), and a Polish translation of the Dead Sea scrolls in 1963; between 1963 and 1984 he also edited a number of collective works on ancient Near Eastern studies. WhoWor, 1982 Tymowski, Michal, born in 1941, his writings include Dzieje Timbuktu (1979), and Karabin i wladza w Afryce XIX wieku (1985), and its translation, L'Armee et la formation des etats en Afrique occidentale au XIX siecie (1987). LC

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Tynyshpaev, M. T., his writings include Mamepuanbl K ucmopuu «upeus-resesceoeo Hapooa (Tashkent, c1925, 1990). lC Tyrrell, Francis Hardinge, born 5 November 1840, he entered the army in 1857 and rose to the rank of lieutenant-general. He served with the Madras Infantry and in the Abyssinian Expedition, 1867-68. His trace is lost after a publication in 1908. Who, 1908, 1909 von Tyszka, Carl Alexander Friedrich, born 5 October 1873 at Posen, he received a Dr.rer.pol. and became a higher civil servant. His writings include Das weltwirtschaftliche Problem (1916), and Gtundzuqe der Finanzwirtschaft (1926). OtBiind (2); KOrschner,1925-1935; Werist's, 1935 von Tyszka, Fritz, born 19th cent., he was a war correspondent who published critical reports about the Armenian massacres of 1916. In 1920 he was affiliated with the Deutsche Orient-Mission, Potsdam. His writings include Dr. Solf und Samoa; politisch-wirtschaftliche Skizze (Berlin, Deutscher Kolonial-Verlag, 1904). Note; NUC, pre-1956

Tytler, John, Dr., born 18th cent., his writings include The Jewem« ul i1m ul riyazi; or, a translation from C. Hutton's Course of Mathematics into Arabic ..., by John Tytler (Calcutta, 1835). BlC, Catalogue of Arabic books; NUC, pre-1956

Tyzack, John Edward Valentine, born in 1904, he was an officer in the Royal Air Force and served in Aden, the Sudan and Palestine. He died in 1979. Who, 1972-1979; Who was who, 7 Tzareva (Llapesa), Elena, her writings include Rugs and carpets from Central Asia; the Russian collections (1984), and Tappeti dei nomadi dell'Asia centrale (1993). lC Tzounis, loannis Alexander, born 13 October 1920 at Bucuresti, he was educated at the University of Athens and the Institut francais d'Athenes, Since 1947 he was affiliated with the Greek foreign service. IntWW, 1974/75-1976/77

Ubach, Ernst, born 19th cent., he received a Dr.jur. in 1904 from the Universitat Leipzig for Berechtigung und Verpflichtung des Empfangers. He was joint author of Sitte und Recht in Nordafrika (1923). Ubah, C. N., fl. 1979-1985, he studied at the University of Ibadan, where he received a Ph. D. He was teaching at the Department of History and Archaeology in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, certainly from 1979 until 1985. His writings include Government and administration of Kano Emirate, 1900-1930 (1985). Note Ubicini, Jean Henri Abdolonym, born in 1818 at Issoudun (Indre), he was a journalist and historian who in 1846 made a grand tour of Europe, visiting Italy, Greece and Turkey. While there, he participated in the 1848 revolution in Bucuresti. He also spent some time at Constantinople before returning to France. His writings include La Question d'Orient devant I'Europe (1854), La Turquie actuelle (1855), Les Serbes en Turquie (1865) and L'Etat present de I'Empire ottoman (1876). He died at Roche-Corbon (Indre-et-Loire), 28 October 1884. BbO; BiO&SB; Bitard; Oantes 1; M£yaAI tMlvlK{3 £yKuKAoTTaJo£la, vol. 23, p. 645; MembriiAR; Vapereau

Ubriatova, Elizabeta Ivanovna, born in 1907 at Omsk, she graduated in 1929 from the Pedagogical Faculty, Irkutsk State University, and there also received her first degree in 1940 for F/3b1K nopunuasx ooneen. In 1953 she was granted a doctorate for a monograph. Her writings include OllepK ucmopuu u3YlleHufi flKymcKoao fl3blKa (1945), nccneooeenuun no cunmescucy flKymcKoao fl3blKa (1950-76); and she edited Ypeno-enmeucmuxs (1985); and she was joint editor of fleKcuKa u MopcjJonoaufi mlOpKCKUX fl3blKoe (1982), and MopcjJonoaufi mypsckux fl3blKoe Cu6upu (1985). Miliband2 Udalova, Galina Mikhailovna, born 2 June 1960 at Belgorod, Russia, she received her first degree in 1985 for OCMaHcKoe npeenenue e tI1eMeHe u 60pb6a npomue mypeuxux seeoeeemeneti. Her writings include tI1eMeH e nepuoi: nepeoeo OCMaHCKoao seeoeeenun, 1538-1635 (1988). Miliband2 Udal'tsova, Zinaida Vladimirovna, born in 1918, she was a historian and since 1968 a professor. Her writings include ocnoenue np06neMbl eusenmunoeeoenun e coeemcxo ucmoou-ecxoo HayKe (1955), Coeemcsoe eusenmunoeeoenue sa 50 nem (1969), and she edited Kynbmypa Busenmuu (1984). She died in 1987. lC Udam, Khal'iand Karlovich, born 8 May 1936 at Rakvere, Estonia, he graduated in 1959 from Tartu State University and received his first degree in 1971 for Cenenmu-: ocotiennocmu cycjJuiJCK. noemu-t. neKCUKU nepcuoc. fl3blKa. Since 1971 he was an editor the Estonian Soviet encyclopaedia. Miliband2

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Udina, Manlio, born 5 November 1902 at Visignano d'istria, he was a barrister, university professor, and an authority on international public and private law. He was a sometime president of the Universlta di Trieste. His writings include L'estinzione dell'lmpero austro-ungarico nel diritto internazionale (1933), and he was joint author of La expulsion de los moricos de Valentia y Gataluna (1980). He died in 1982. Chi El, 1931-1961; Chi Scrive; IndBI (1); Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958 Udina i Martorell, Federico, born in 1914 at Barcelona, he there became a professor of history at the university. He was a sometime director of the Archives of the Crown of Aragon. His writings include EI Archivo Gondal de Barcelona en los siglos IX-X (1951), and Sugerencias en torno a unas cartas reales cerverinas. Dicc bio; IndiceE3(2); WhoSpain, 1963, 1987 Udo, Reuben Kenrick, born 8 August 1935 at Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria, he graduated in 1960 from the University of London, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1963. He subsequently joined the University of Ibadan as a lecturer in geography. His writings include Geographical regions of Nigeria (1970). AfrBiolnd (3); AfricaWW, 1996; ConAu 77-80, new rev., 35, 82

Udovitch, Abraham (Avrom) Labe, born 31 May 1933 at Winnipeg, Man., he received a Ph.D. in 1965 from Yale University with a thesis entitled Partnership in medieval Islamic law. He joined the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Literature, Princeton, in 1967, a post which he still held in 1994. His writings include Partnership and profit in medieval Islam (1970); he was joint author of The Last Arab Jews (1984); and he was joint editor of Jews among Arabs (1989). ConAu,105; DrAS, 1969, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; Master (2); NatFacDr,1994; Selim; WhoAm, 1976/77-1990

Uebersberger, Hans, born 25 June 1877 at Klagenfurth, Austria, he studied history at Wien, where he also received doctorates in 1899 and 1905. Since 1910 he was a professor of East European history at his alma mater. He was a joint editor of Osterreichische Monatsschrift fOr den Orient. His writings include Rul3lands Orientpolitik in den letzten zwei Jahrhunderten (1913). He died in MOnchen, 8 JUly 1962. DtBE; KOrschner, 1926-1961; MembriiAR; Teichl; Werist's, 1935 Uhden, Richard, born 1 April 1900 at Braunschweig, he received a Dr.phil. in 1927 from the Universitat Greifswald for Beitrage zur Morphologie des Oderhaffgebietes. Since 1931 he was a lecturer in geography at the Technische Hochschule, Braunschweig. His writings include Volkertore (1929). He died 1 August 1939. DtBilnd (1); KOrschner, 1931, 1935 Uhle, Aloys, born about 1780, he studied philosophy and law at Karls Universitat Prag. From 1807 to 1815 he was a professor of history at Neuhaus, Bohemia, 1816 to 1825, a professor of classics at Pisek, and subsequently director of the German secondary school, Lemberg, where he died in 1849.

Wurzbach

Uhlenbeck, Eugenius Marius, born 9 August 1913 at den Haag, he received a doctorate in 1949 at Leiden for De structuur van het Javaanse morpheem, and he was granted an honorary doctorate in 1975 at Louvain. He taught for ten years in Indonesia until 1948, and from 1950 to 1983 he was a professor of Javanese language and literature at Leiden. His writings include Studies in Javanse morphology (1978), and Endangered languages (1991). Who's who in the Netherlands, 1962/63; WhoWor, 1991/92; Wie is wie, 1984-88

Uhlig, Carl Ludwig Gustav, born 29 August 1872 at Heidelberg, he studied geography and natural sciences at Halle, Gottingen, Heidelberg and Freiburg im Breisgau. After gaining a Dr.phil. in 1897 and travelling in Russia and the Caucasus, he joined in 1900 the colonial section of the foreign office in Berlin. After gaining a Dr.habil. in 1908 from the Universitat Berlin, he was invited to teach geography at TObingen, a post which he held until his retirement. He was a pioneer of the geographical exploration of German East Africa as well as the first academic to investigate German settlements abroad (Auslandsdeutschtum). His writings include Die bessarabische Frage (1926). On his sixtieth birthday he was honoured by a Festschrift. He died in TObingen, 12 September 1938. KOrschner, 19251935; RHdDtG; SOdostdeutsche Forschungen 4 (1939), pp. 407-408; Werist's, 1935

Uhlig, Christian, born 20 September 1931 at Leipzig, he was educated at the local Thomasschule. He left East Germany in 1950 and worked for five years in bookselling and publishing in West Germany, concurrently studying at the Universltat Hamburg as an extramural student. He spent 1957 in New York, training as an international bookseller, and also taking evening courses at the New School for Social Research. After obtaining a diploma in 1958 at Hamburg, he studied 1959-60 at the Centre Europeen Universitaire, Nancy. Since 1960 he held an assistantship in foreign trade and overseas economics at the Universltat Hamburg, receiving a Dr.rer.pol. in 1966 with a thesis entitled Das Problem der "social costs" in der Entwicklungspolitik. In 1981 he was a coordinator of development studies at the Unlversitat Bochum. His writings include Entwicklungspolitik (1971). Note about the author;

Thesis

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Uhrenbacher, Werner Josef, born in 1920, he received a Dr.phil. in 1952 from the Universitat Basel for Argentinien, seine Entwicklung zum Industriestaat. His writings include TOrkei; ein wirtschaftliches Handbuch (Berlin, 1957). NUC, 1956-1967 von Ujfalvy, Carl Eugen (Charles Eugene or Karoly Jeno), born 18 May 1842 at Wien, he was educated at the Militarakademie in Wiener-Neustadt and subsequently served in an Austrian cavalry regiment as a lieutenant. He resigned in 1864 and studied at the Universitat Bonn. In 1866 he settled in France, first as a German teacher at Versailles and then at the Lycee Henri IV in Paris. After travels in Italy, Spain and Austria-Hungary, he was sent in 1876 on a French scientifique mission to Russia, Turkestan, Ferghana and Kuldja. After his return in 1878 he was appointed to teach Oriental history, geography and law at the Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris. His writings include Les Bachkirs, les vepses et les antiquites finno-ougriennes et altai'ques (1880), and Les Aryens au nord et au sud de I'Hindou-Kouch (1896). He died in 1904. Embacher; Pallas; RNL; Vapereau de Ujfalvy-Bourdon, Marie, born in 1845 at Chartres, she accompanied her husband, Carl Eugen von Ujfalvy, on his travels to Central Asia. Her writings include De Paris a Samarkand (1880), its translation, Ujfalvy Karoly utezese Parist61 - Samarkandig (1885), and Voyages ti'une Parisienne dans I'Himalaya occidental (1887). BiD&SB; Vapereau

Ukhanova, Irina Nikolaevna, born 20th cent., she gained a doctorate in history and was affiliated with the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad. Her writings include Pyccxue neku e c06paHHuu 3pMUma>Ka (1964), Pe3b6a no «ocmu e Poccuu XVIII-XIX eexoe (1981), and the translation, Russisches Elfenbein (1987). LC Ulack, Richard, born 4 July 1942 at Mineola, N.Y., he graduated in 1964 from Stetson University and received a Ph.D. in 1972 from Pennsylvania State University for The impact of industrialization upon the migration and demographic characteristics of /ligan City, Mindaneo. After three years with Indiana State University, he was appointed a professor of geography at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, a post which he still held in 2002. ConAu 140; NatFacDr, 1994-2002; WhoSSW, 1988/89 Ule, Wolfgang, born 4 June 1939, he studied Islamic studies and economics at Heidelberg as well as linguistics at Cairo and Heliopolis, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1968 from the Universitat Heidelberg with a thesis entitled Der arabische Sozialismus und der zeitgenossische Islam. Research travel grants enabled him lenghty stays in nearly all the countries of the Near and Middle East between 1966 and 1970 when he started his long affiliation with the German cultural Goethe-Institut first in North Africa and then in Cairo and Amman. He was joint author of Deutsche Autoren in arabischer Sprache (1979). Note; Wer ist wer, 2001/2002; WhoWor, 1980/81

UI'ianovskii, Rostislav Aleksandrovich, born in 1904 at Vitebsk, Belorussia, he graduated in 1930 from the Indo-Afghan Section, Moscow Oriental Institute, receiving his first degree in 1958 for ocnoenue np06neMbl3KOHOMUlJeCKOaO peseumun neseeucuuoc t1HOUU, 1947-1957 ee. He gained a doctorate in 1964. His writings include COL{UanU3M u oceooooueuiuec» ompenu (1972), OlJepKU HaL{UOHanbHOoce060oumenbHoiJ60pb6bl (1976), and its translation, National liberation (1978). Miliband; Miliband2 Ullendorff, Edward, born 25 January 1920 at Berlin, he became a professor of Ethiopian studies at SOAS. He was a fellow of the British Academy, whose writings include The two Zions; reminiscences of Jerusalem and Ethiopia (1988). Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; ConAu 1-4, new rev. 2, 18,40; IntAu&W, 1977; Intww, 1976/77-2002; Unesco; Who, 1969-2001; Wholsrael, 1999, 2001; WhoWor, 1978/79-2002; WhoWorJ, 1965; WrDr, 1976/78-2002

Ullens de Schooten, Marie Therese, born about 1900, she visited the Qasqa'i tribesmen in Fars province of Iran while her husband (Edouardv) was serving as Belgian diplomat in Iran. She even made a film of that visit, Lords of the Mountains, which was shown at the Edinburgh Film Festival. Her writings include Lords of the Mountains (1956), and Iran! Eternel Iran! De la mer Caspienne au golf Persique (1958). Note; LC Ullman, Richard Henry, born 12 December 1933 at Baltimore, Md., he graduated in 1955 from Harvard and received a D.Phil. in 1960 from Oxford. After five years of teaching at Harvard, he was appointed a professor at the Department of Public Affairs and International Development in Princeton University, a post which he still held in 1994. His writings include Securing Europe (1990). AmM&WS, 1973,1978 S; ConAu 1-4, new rev. 3; NatFacDr, 1994; WhoAm, 1974/75-1995; WhoE, 1989/90; WhoWor, 1974/75-77

Ullmann, Manfred, born 2 November 1931 at Brandenburg/Havel, Germany, he received doctorates in 1959 and 1965, and was since 1970 a professor of Arabic at Tubinqen, He was a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen, and the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. His writings include Untersuchungen zur Ragazpoesie (1966), Die Medizin im Islam (1970), its translation, Islamic medicine (1978), Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam (1972), Katalog der Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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arabischen alchemistischen Handschriften der Chester Beatty Library (1974-76), and Gesprach mit dem Wolf (1981), Der Neger in der Bildersprache der arabischen Dichter (1998), Arabische Gedichte tiber Seerosen und Lotusblumen (2001), and Worterbuch zu den griechisch-arabischen Obersetzungen des 9. Jahrhunderts (2002). KOrschner, 1970-2003

Ulmer, Friedrich Carl Hans, born 15 March 1877 at MOnchen, he studied philosophy, Oriental languages and theology, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1901 for Die semitischen Eigennamen im Alten Testament as well as a doctorate in divinity later. He served for many years as a pastor, before being invited to teach theology at Erlangen. His writings include Hammurabi; sein Land und seine Zeit (1907), and Predigtbuch der Lutherischen Kirche (1936). He died in Erlangen, 18 August 1946. DtBE; DtBiind (1); KOrschner, 1926, 1928/29, 1931,1935; Master (2); Werist's, 1928, 1935 WhE&EA

Ulrey, Orion, born 26 March 1902 at Martinsville, Illinois, he received his Ph.D. in 1936 from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., with a thesis entitled Public produce market of Michigan. He spent his entire teaching career at the Department of Agricultural Economy, Michigan State University. His writings include The cooperative, an agency for rural development; the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producer's Union, Ltd., Anand, Gujarat State (1966). AmM&WS, 1973 S Ulrich, Franz, born 3 March 1844 at Hersfeld, Hesse, he studied law and political science at Leipzig and Marburg and subsequently became a civil servant and railway offiicial. His writings include Das Eisenbahntarifwesen im Allgemeinen (1886), its translation, Trelie general des tarifs de chemins de fer (1890), and Preutsiscne Verkehrspolitik und Staatsfinanzen (1909). DtBilnd (1); Werist's, 1909-1922 Ulrich, Friedrich, born 13 April 1870 at Klein-Gartz, Prussia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1912 from the universltat Heidelberg for Die Vorbestimmungslehre im Islam und Christentum. He became a lecturer in social service at Berlin. He died 18 August 1946. Deutscher biographischer Index, 2d ed., MOnchen, 1998 (2); KOrschner, 1928/29-1940/41; Wer ist's, 1935

Umanets, Aleksandr Alekseevich, fl. 19th cent., his writings include noe30Ka Ha CUHal1 (St. Petersburg, 1850). Umar Chapra, Muhammad see Chapra, Mohammed Umer 'Umar Tusun (Omar Toussoun), Prince, born in 1872 at Alexandria, Egypt, he was educated in Egypt and Europe. He closely managed his estates and concurrently pursued an interest in Egyptian archaeology and geography. He was also honorary president of two learned societies. His writings include Memoire sur les finances de I'Egypte depuis les pharaons jusqu'e nos jours (1924), La Geographie de I'Egypte l'epoque arabe (1926), and Etude sur Ie Wadi Natroun (1931). He died in Alexandria, 26 January 1944. Bulletin de la Societe d'archeologie copte, 10 (1944), pp. v-vii; Egyptology; Goldschmidt;

a

Hill; Index Is/amicus (2)

Umarov, Ergash Agzamovich, born 20 January 1940 at Tashkent, he graduated in 1963 from the Faculty of Philology, Tashkent, and received his first degree in 1968 for «fleKcuKo-apaMMamu4ecKafl xepermepucmuxe eppa3eonoau3Moa oueene ltXa30l1uH-yn-MaoHul1lt Anuwepa Haaol1.» He received a doctorate in 1989 for lt5aoau en-nyeem" u "Cenenex" KaK neecueoednnecxue tieunmnuru u ucm04HUKU usyuenu» cmapoy36eKcKoao fl3blKa XV-XVIII ee. Since 1978 he was affiliated with the Institute of Language and Literature in the Uzbek Academy of Sciences. His writings include (/)pa3eonoau4ecKul1 cnoeepe ltXa30l1uH-yn-MaoHul1lt Anuwepa Haaou (1971). Miliband 2 Umniakov, Ivan Ivanovich, born in 1890 at Petrozavodsk, Karelia, he graduated in 1914 from the Oriental Faculty, St. Petersburq, and received his first degree in 1942 with a thesis entitled CaMafl cmeoes mypeuse« «epme Mupa (XI a.) He was a historian and a student of V. V. Bartol'd; he became a lecturer in 1943, and a professor in 1956. He was for a long time affiliated with the Uzbek State University, Samarkand. His writings include Annomupoeenne» 6u6nuoapaepufl mpvooe aKaoeMuKa B. B. 5apmonboa (1976), and he was joint author of CaMapKaHo; cnpeeo-mux-nymeecoumens (1962), and its translation, Samarkand; a guide book (1972). He died 21 February 1976. EST; Miliband; Miliband 2 Una Juarez, Augustin, born in 1940, his writings include La filosoffa del siglo XIV; contexto cultural de Walter Burley (1978). LC Unbegaun, Boris Ottokar, born 23 August 1898 at Moscow, he studied at Ljubljana, Paris, and Oxford and later taught at Paris, Strasbourg and Oxford. Since 1965 he was a professor of Slavic linguistics at New York University. He died in 1973. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; DrAS, 1969 F; NYT, 6 March 1973, p. 44, col. 1;

WhoAm, 1974/75, 1976/77

Underhill, Gertrude, born in 1874, she joined in 1916 the staff of the Educational Department in the Cleveland Museum of Art. When she retired in 1947 she was a curator of Textiles at the Museum. She died 25 April 1954. Cleveland Museum of Art bulletin, vol. 34 (April 1947), pp. 63-64; vol. 41 (June 1954), pp. 115-6 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Oner, A. Naki, fl. 1979, he was a sometime director of Toprak Su, the Soil and Water Division of the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture. Thereafter he was an orchardist in the Izmir area. His writings include Satsuma mandalinindemaliyetvegelirhesaplafl(lzmir.1977).LC; TB,1978

Unger, Eckhard Axel Otto, born 11 April 1885 at Landsberg an der Warthe, Prussia, he studied archaeology and subsequently served as a curator of Near Eastern antiquities at the Arkeoloji MOzeleri, Constantinople, from 1911 to 1918, and 1932 to 1935. He later became a professor at Berlin until the end of the war. Since 1953 he was a lecturer in his field successively at Greifswald and Rostock. His writings include Katalog der babylonischen und assyrisichen Sammlung, AntikenMuseum (Constantinople, 1918), and Assyrische und babylonische Kunst (1927). He died in Neubrandenburg, 24 July 1966. KOrschner,1926-1966; Werist's, 1935 Unger, Edmund de, fl. 20th cent. see De Unger, Edmund Unger, Karl, born 20th cent., he was a writer on class struggle in the Third World, and joint author of Angola, Guinea, Moc;ambique (Frankfurt am Main, Verlag Marxistische Blatter, 1971), and InternationaIe Konzerne und Arbeiterklasse (Frankfurt am Main, Verlag Marxistische Blatter, 1976). NUC, 1968-1972

Unger-Dreiling, Erika, fl. 1962, her writings include Josa fat, Vorkampfer und Martyrer tcr die Einheit der Christen (Wien, 1960), and Die Psychologie der Naturvolker(Wien. 1966). NUC, 1956-1967 Ungnad, Arthur Franz Ed., born 3 August 1879 at Magdeburg, Prussia, he studied Oriental languages at Berlin and there received a Dr.phil. in 1903. He subsequently became an academic assistant at the Konigliche Museen, Berlin, from 1905 to 1909, when he started a university teaching career in ancient Near Eastern studies successively at Jena, Greifswald and Breslau. His writings include Syrische Grammatik (1913), Ku/turfragen (1923), and Subartu; Beitrage zur Kulturgeschichte und Volkerkunde Vorderasiens (1936). He died in Falkensee bei Berlin, 26 April 1947. OtBE; KOrschner, 1926, 1928/29, 1931, 1935, 1940/41; Wer ist's, 1935

Ungvitskaia, Mariia Andreevna, born 20th cent., her writings include XaKaccKaR 6blmoaaR CKa3Ka (Abakan, 1966), XaKaccKoe nepoonoe nosmuvecsoe meopuecmeo (1972), and she edited XaKaccKue HapooHble maxnaxu (1980). LC Unna, Warren W., born 14 September 1923 at San Francisco, he graduated in 1943 from the University of California, Berkeley. and in the following year pursued post-graduate studies in Chinese at Stanford University. He became a journalist and was a sometime correspondent of the Statesman, as well as a chairman, Institute of Current World Affairs. His writings include the booklet, Sikhs abroad (1985). WhoAm, 1974/75-1990; WhoWor, 1974/75 Upham, Edward, born in 1776, he was a bookseller in Exeter and later pursued an interest in Oriental history. His writings include Memoranda, illustrative of the tombs and sepulchral decorations of the Egyptians 1822), History of the Ottoman Empire from its establishment till the year 1828 (1829), and The Christian's pattern (1834). He died in Bath, 24 January 1834. ONB; Egyptology; Master (1) Uplegger, Helga nee Schroder, 1935- see Venzlaff, Helga (Uplegger) nee Schroder Upson, Arthur T., born 24 April 1874, he was from 1920 to 1930 superintendent of the Nile Mission Press. Since 1931 he worked in Syria, Palestine and Iraq - the Eastern area. He later did missionary work in Egypt as well as in North Africa. In 1942 he was still affiliated with the Nile Mission Press. His writings include High lights in the Near East; reminiscences of nearly 40 years' service (1936). Note Upton, Joseph M., born about 1900, he was an assistant curator in the Department of Near Eastern Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. He was in charge of the Museum's Near Eastern expedition, which dug for three seasons at Qasr-i Abu Nasr, near Shiraz, and later was engaged for several seasons at Nishapur, in northeastern Iran. His writings include Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive in the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington (197-?). LC; Note Upton, Roger, born in 1827, he served in the Sepoy mutiny, 1857-1859, and became a captain in 1861. Since 1877 he was adjutant, Northumberland Yeomanry, a post which he held to his death in Gateshead, 10 January 1881. He also was an Arabian traveller and equestrian specialist. His writings include Gleanings from the desert of Arabia (1881), and Travels in the Arabian desert (1881). Boase Upward, Allen, born in 1863 at Worcester, he was educated at Great Yarmouth Grammar School and the Royal University of Ireland. After brilliant law study, he became a barrister who went to Greece as a volunteer, ran the blockade of Crete, and took part in the invasion of Turkey by the Greek Army of Epirus in 1897. He later was British Resident in northern Nigeria as well as founder of a publishing firm in London. His many writings include The East End of Europe; the report of an unofficial mission to the

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European provinces of Turkey on the eve of the revolution (1908). He committed suicide in London, 12 November 1926. BbO; Bioln 17; ConAu 117; OLB 36 (1985), pp. 268-272; Master(4) Uraksin, Zinnur Gazizovich, born early 20th cent., his writings include opeseonoeu» 6awKupcKoao R3blKa (1975), PyccKo-6awKupcKuiJ c/Jpa3eonoauliecKuiJ cnoeeps (1989); and he edited Bonpocbl 6awKupcKoao fl3blK03HaHUFI (1973), ncmounuxoeeoenue 6awKupcKoiJ tpunonoeuu (1984), and Bonpocbl ouenexmonoeuu tmopcsux nsueoe (1985). LC Uray-Kohalmi, Kathe (Catherine/Katalin), born 11 March 1926 at Wien, she was educated at Budapest where she also received a doctorate in 1948. She became affiliated with the Hungarian Academy of Science. Schoeberlein Urazmanova, Raufa Karimovna, born in 1936, she was an ethnographer who was since 1993 affiliated with the Tatar Academy of Science. Her writings include Coepenennue 06PflObi memepceoeoHapooa (1984), and she edited Hoeoe e smnoepecpuuecxux uccneooeenusx memeposoeoHapooa (1978), and McmopuliecKafl3mHoapac/JufI memeocsoeoHapooa (1990). LC; TatarES Urazova, Elena Izmailovna, born 13 December 1930 at Moscow, she graduated in 1953 from the Faculty of History, Moscow State University, and received her first degree in 1959 with a thesis entitled Henoeoees nonumuke U nenoeoees cucmeue Typu,uu. In 1991 she obtained a doctorate for np06neMbi HaKonneHUFI U c/JuHaHcupoeaHufi 3KOHOMUlIeCKoao peseumun Typu,uu. Since 1956 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Her writings include Kunp (1966), Typuus; np06neMbi c/JuHaHcupoeaHufi 3KOHOMUlIeCKoao peseumun (1974), and Henoeu U 3KoHoMuliecKuiJ pocm pa3eUealOUI,UXCfI cupen (1981). Miliband; Miliband2 Urbain, Ismael Thomas, born 31 December 1812 at Cayenne, he served with the Corps des interpretes militaires in Algeria and rose from the rank of interprete militaire de 2e cIasse (21 March 1837) to interprete militaire principal (29 June 1843). At one time he was attached to the Division de Constantine, and, under the Duc d'Aumale, he participated in the campaign against Abd-el-Kader. Later he was with the Department of Algerian Affairs at the Ministry of War; adviser to the Government at Algiers; chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1844; and officier de la Legion d'honneur in 1865. Under the pseudonym Georges Voisin he published L'Algerie pour les Algeriens (1861). He retired from the military before 1876. Feraud, p. 264 Urbain

Faubh~e,

Marcelle see Faublee-Urbaln, Marcelle

Urena y Smenjaud, Rafael, born 3 February 1852 at Valladolid, Spain, he studied law at the local university. He was a sometime professor of law at the Universidad de Oviedo and was elected member of the Academia de Ciencias Morales y PoHticas as well as Academia de la Historia. His writings include Estudios de literatura jurfdica (1906). He died in 1930. EncicUni von Urff, Winfried, born 30 September 1934 at Kassel, Germany. he received a Dr.phil. in 1962 from the Universltat Frankfurt for Produktionsplanung in der Landwirstchaft. He was from 1970 to his retirement a professor at the SOdasien-lnstitut, Heidelberg, specializing in agriculture of underdeveloped countries. He edited Wachstum, Einkommensverleilung und Beschaftigung in Entwicklungslandern (1978), and he was joint author of Agrarpolitik in der EG (1984). KOrschner, 1976-2001

Uri, Janos (Joannes), born 27 December 1724 at Nagy Karas, Hungary, he obtained doctorates in philosophy and theology at Harderwijk and then went up to Leiden, where he matriculated in 1756 and devoted himself to Hebrew and Arabic philology and other Oriental studies under Albert Schultens. His most important publication during this period was the editio princeps of al-Busri's a/-Burdah, with a Latin translation, entitled Carmen mysticum Borda dictum Abi Abdallce M. B. S. Busiridce IEgyptii e codice manuscripto B. L. B. latine conversum (1761). He visited England in 1770 and was invited to catalogue the Oriental manuscripts of the Bodlleian Library, Oxford. In 1787 he completed this task by publishing Bibliothecae Bodleianae codicum manuscriptorum orientalium cata/ogus, pars 1. He died in Oxford in 1796. BLC; Bodleian quarterly record 5 (1926-28), pp. 212-213; Pallas; RNL Urmancheev, Fatykh Ibragimovich, born in 1936. he was a folklorist who received a doctorate in 1989 and was appointed a professor in 1991. In 1997 he was affiliated with the Tatar Academy of Science. His writings include 3nuliecKue CKa3aHUFI memepceoeo nepooe (Kazan. 1980), and repouliecKuiJsnoc memepcxoeonepoo« (Kazan, 1984). LC; TatarES Urquhart, Sir Brian Edward, born 28 February 1919 at Bridport, Dorset. he was a lifelong United Nations official since 1945. His writings include Hammerskjold (11973), and Decolonization and world peace (1984). BlueB, 1975, 1976; ConAu 105, new rev. 26, 51; CurBio,1986; IntWW, 1972/73-2002; Who, 1974-2001; WhoE, 1983-1989/90; WhoUN, 1975, 1992; WhoWor, 1980/81-1989/90; WrOr, 1976/78-2002

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de Urrestarazu, Francisco de Assis, fl. 19th cent., his writings include Viajes por Marruecos (Madrid, 1877), and Los Arabes (Madrid, 1880). NUC, pre-1956

Ursinus, Michael O. H., born 16 September 1950 at Kiel, he received a Dr.phil. in 1982 for Regionale Reformen im Osmanischen Reich am Vorabend der Tanzimat. He was a lecturer successively at Birmingham and Freiburg im Breisgau, before he was appointed in 1992 a professor of Islamic studies at Heidelberg. His writings include a collection of his articles, Quellen zur Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches und ihre Interpretation (1994), and he was joint ediitor of Der Islam in der Gegenwart (1984). Directory of BRISMES members, 1993; KOrschner, 1996, 2001 Ursprung, Otto, born 16 January 1879 at GOnzlhofen, he was educated at the theological seminary, Freising, and studied theology and philosophy at the Universitat MOnchen. He was ordained in 1904 and received a Dr.phil. in 1913 for his thesis Jacobus de Kerle. He was a musicologist and from 1932 to 1949 a professor at MOnchen. His writings include Die katholische Kirchenmusik (1931). He died in Schendorf am Ammersee, 14 September 1960. Baker, 1978, 1984, 1992; DtBE; DtBilnd (5); KOrschner, 19261954; Wer ist wer, 1955

Urunbaev, Asam Urunbaevich, born 15 May 1929 at Tashkent, he received a doctorate in 1984 with a thesis entitled nUCbMa-aemoapaepbl A60apaxMaHa ,a>KaMU U3 "Anb6oMa Heeou" KaK ucmOpUlJeCKUU UCmOlJHUK. Since 1953 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Uzbek Academy of Sciences. His writings include ediitions of classical Persian works. Miliband2 Urvoy, Dominique Louis Marie, born 23 July 1943 at Villeneuve-sur-Lot, he studied philosophy, sociology and Arabic at Bordeaux and Beirut, obtaining doctorates in 1975 from the Universite de Lyon II for Le Monde des utemes andalous, and in 1978 from the Universite de Paris IV for Pensee islamique et methode universelle a'eores Ramon Lull. He was a member of Casa de Velazquez, Madrid (197073), and became successively affiliated with the Institut Francais d'Etudes Arabes, Damascus, C.N.R.S., Paris, Universite de Dakar, and the Universite de Toulouse II. A member of the Societe Asiatique, he wrote Le Monde des ulemas andalous du VlXle au VI/lXI/Ie siecte (1978), Penser /'islam (1980), Pensers d 'al-Andalus (1990), and Ibn Rushd, Averroes (1991). Private; THESAM,4 Urvoy, Marie Therese, born in 1949, she was educated at A.U.S., Aix-en-Provence, and Paris, where she received a doctorate in letters. Since 1985 she was a professor of Islamic studies and classical Arabic at the Universite Catholique de Toulouse. She was editor and translator of Traite d'etntque d'Abu Zakariyya Yahya Ibn 'Adi (1991), and Le Psautier mozarabe de Hafs Ie Goth (1994). Private Urvoy, Yves Francols Marie Airne, born 20 January 1900 at Orleansvllle, Algeria, he went to school at Angers. After his father's death in 1917, he had to look after his mother and brother, and after brief employments with Ponts et Chaussees and the Manufacture de sevres, he joined the army in 1920. In the mid-1920s he was influenced by the Action francaise as well as the Dominicans, but he also pursued an academic interest in foreign languages, Arabic, Persian, Greek and even Chinese, of which he mastered two thousand characters. His African career began accidentally in 1926 and lasted to 1937 when he purchased a property in Lot-et-Garonne. He there prepared in 1939 his thesis, Les bassins du Niger, for a diploma from the Universlte de Bordeaux. From 1940 to 1942 he was director of the Institut national de Formation legionnaire, during which period he was also politically active and still found time to prepare his thesis in 1942. In the summer of 1942 he was first interrogated by the retreating Germans and then successively by Spanish and French maquis, who arrested him on 19 August 1944, summarily executed him the following day in an isolated forest, and pillaged his home four nights later. His writings include Histoire des populations du Soudan central (1936), Histoire de I'empire du Bornou (1949), and L'Art dans Ie territoire du Niger (1955). Hommes et destins, vol. 4, pp. 694698; Revue fram;aise d'histoire d'outre-mer 65 I 238 (1978), pp. 54-98

U§akligil, BOlent, born in 1905 at Constantinople, and educated at the Galatasaray Mekteb-i Sultanisi and George Washington University, he became a Turkish diplomat; he died in Istanbul in 1977. Bacque Uschakov, Alexander, born in 1922, he received a Dr.phil. in 1952 from the Universitat Gottinqen for Die Deutschen in "Plac6wka" und "Lalka." He was a sometime chairman of Institut fur Ostrecht in the Universitat Koln and an editor of the journal Osteuropa-Recht. Ushakov, Viktor Danilovich, born 25 February 1930 at Moscow, he graduated in 1953 from the local Oriental Institute and received a doctorate in 1989 with a thesis entitled opeseonoeun apa6cKoao KnaCCUlJeCKOaO fl3blKa. He became affiliated with the Military Institute. He was appointed a lecturer in 1968, and a professor in 1992. Miliband2 Usher, Roland Greene, born in 1880, he was a graduate of Harvard, where he also gained his Ph.D. in 1905. He was a historian who spent his entire career with Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. He

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555 retired in 1950. His writings include Pan-Germanism (1906), and The Story of the Great War (1919). He died in 1957. Bioln (1); NYT 23 March 1957, p. 19, col. 6; WhAm,6; WhNAA Ushida, Norido, born in 1932, she was a professor at Keio Gijuku Daigaku, Tokyo. Her writings include Arisuoteresu tetsugaku no kenkyu; sono kiso gainen 0 megutte (Tokyo, 1991). LC Uslar, Petr Karlovich, baron, born in 1816, he was a graduate of the Russian military academy, advanced to the rank of general, and also pursued an interest in Caucasian languages. His writings include Ausfahrlicher Bericht aber abchasische Studien (1863), Ausfahrlicher Bericht uber kasikumakische Studien (1886), and 3mHoapacjJufl KaBKa3a (Tiflis, 1887-96). He died in 1875. GSE; NUC, pre-1956

Usmanov, Arifbek, born 15 February 1934 in Tashkent Oblast, he graduated in 1959 from Tashkent State University and received his first degree in 1964 with a thesis entitled Flpose Fyn» nawa Ynubeme. Since 1971 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Uzbek Academy of Sciences. His writings include Keuenuoun 5ex3ao u eeo iusone >KUBOnUCU (1977). Miliband2 Usmanov, Karib Asrarovich, born in 1900 in Bashkiria, he graduated in 1929 from the Moscow Oriental Institute, where he also received his first degree in 1940 with a thesis entitled Boccmenue B KumaCicKoM Typsecmene B 1864 aooy. In the same year he became a lecturer. He died 24 October 1961. Miliband; Miliband2 Usmanov (Gosman), Khatib Usmanovich, his writings include 0 cOBpeMeHHoCi memeocxot)numepamype (Kazan, 1958), Boryngy torki ham tatar adabiiatynyng (1981), and ,D,peBHue ucmoku mtopxceoeo cmuue; y4e6Hoe nocotiue (Kazan, 1984). LC Usmanov, Mirkasym Abdulakhatovich, born 31 May 1934 at from State University, Kazan, and received his first degree ucm04HUKU XVII-XVIII BB. u ux ococeunocmu. He received a was appointed a lecturer in 1975, and professor in 1985. puuecxue ucm04HUKU XVII-XVIII BB. (1972). Miliband2 ; TatarES

Kuldja, Sinkiang, he graduated in 1963 in 1968 for Temepcsue neppemuenue doctorate in 1982 for a monograph and His writings include Temepcsue ucmo-

Usmanov, Noel' Karibovich, born 21 February 1932 at Moscow, he graduated in 1955 at Moscow and received his first degree in 1964 with a thesis entitled >Ku3Hb u meopueomeo TaycjJuKa anb-XaKuMa. He was attached to Moscow State University since 1961, and became a lecturer in 1969. His writings include Y4e6Hoe noco6ue no apa6cKoMy fl3b1KY; onfl 2 «ypoe (1960), and tlpos« TaycjJuKa anbXaKuMa (1979). Miliband; Miliband2 ; TatarES Usmanova, Otunoi Rakhmatovna, born 6 July 1937 at Leninabad, she graduated from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent State University, and received her first degree in 1984 with a thesis entitled "AxnaKu MyxcuHu" Beuse XawucjJu. Since 1960 she was affiliated with her alma mater. Miliband2 Uspenskii, Feodor Ivanovich, born in 1845, he was educated at a village school and the theological seminary of his native Kostroma Province before being admmitted to the University of St. Petersburg on a competitive scholarship. He was a leading historian of Byzantium, and from 1894 to 1914 director of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople. His writings include ncmopi« «pecmoeux noxoooe (1900), L'Octateuque de la Bibliotheque du SaraH a Constantinople (1907), 04epK U3 ucmopuu Tpane3yHmcKoCi uunepuu (1929), and Military organization of the Byzantine Empire (1941). He died in 1928. EnSlovar; GSE; Werist's, 1909-1912; Wieczynski,41 (1986), pp. 126-129 Ussher, Clarence Douglas, born in 1870, he received an M.D., and served as a medical missionary in the Ottoman Empire. On 26 June 1900 he was married at Van, Anatolia, to Elizabeth Freeman Barrows. His writings include An American physician in Turkey (1917), and Before governors and kings (1918). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Ussher, Elizabeth Freeman nee Barrows, born 20 October 1873 at Kayseri, Turkey, she studied at Northfield Seminary and Woman's College, Baltimore, Md. She sailed from Boston for Turkey, 18 October 1899, and married Clarence D. Ussher at Van, Turkey, on 26 June 1900. She visited the United States from 8 July 1908 to 24 July 1909. She died in Van in August 1915. Missionary herald 111 (1915), p. 456

Ussishkin, A. N., fl. 1973, recipient of an M.A. in 1965 from Queen Mary College in the University of London for Nazism and the German Christian communities in Palestine, 1917-1929. Sluglett Utas, Bo, born 26 May 1938 at Stugun, Sweden, he studied mathematics, Slavonic, Indo-European and Oriental languages at Uppsala. Supported by an Iranian government grant, he spent 1962-63 at Isfahan, and subsequently returned to Uppsala where he received a doctorate in 1973 for the edition of Tariq ut-tahqiq, a Sufi mathnavi ascibed to Hakim Sana'i. In 1973 he became a research fellow at the Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Kebenhavn: in 1993 he was a professor at the Department of Afro-Asian Languages, Uppsala. He edited A Persian Sufi poem; vocabulary and terminology (1978), and Women in Islamic societies (1983). BioB134; EURAMES,1993; IWWAS,1975/76; Schoeberlein al-'Utayfi, Jamal ai-Din (Gamal EI-Oteifi), born 9 March 1925 at Suhaj, Egypt, he received a doctorate in 1964. He was successively a secretary-general and chairman of the Egyptian Society of Political Economy, Statistics, and Legislation as well as a sometime member of the Egyptian National Assembly. From 1976 to 1977 he served as a minister of information and culture. His writings include 'Are' fi al-shar'iyah wa-fi al-hurriyah (1980). Note; WhoArab,1978-2001/2002 Utley, Freda, born in 1898 at London, she was a journalist, foreign correspondent, lecturer, author, and a member of the British Communist Party until her husband was exiled to Siberia under Stalin's regime. She was resident in the United States since 1939. Her writings include Lancashire and the Far East (1931), its Russian translation in 1934, The Dream we lost; Soviet Russia (1940), Will the Middle East go West? (1957), its translation, Arabische Welt - Ost oder West? (1958), and Odyssey of a liberal; memoirs (1970). She died in 1978. BlueB, 1973/74-1976; ConAu 77-80,81-84; CurBio, 1958, 1978;

Master (11); WhAm 7; WhoAm, 1974/75, 1976/77; WhoAmW, 1958/59-1972/73

Utray Sarda, Francisco, born in 1921, he was a Spanish diplomat who served in Jerusalem and Baghdad. In 1954 he was secretary-general of the Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, Madrid. His writings include Coplas vulgares (1979), and he was joint author of La cooperaci6n tecnol6gica de Espana con los paises erebes (1982). WhoSpain, 1963 Utrecht, Ernst, born in 1922, his writings include Pengantar dalam hukum Indonesia (1953), Indonesia's nieuwe orde (1970), and Papua New Guinea, an Australian neo-colony (1977). LC Uturashvili, losif lI'ich, born early 20th cent., his writings include Pesnuseuus KpecmbflHcKoU pecjJopMbl e IPY3UU (Tiflis, 1976). LC; NUC, 1968-1977 Uturgauri, Svetlana Nikolaevna, born 14 February 1927 at Moscow, she graduated in 1950 from the Moscow Oriental Institute, and received her first degree in 1963 with a thesis entitled Teopuecmeo OpxaHa KeManfi - noeennucme. She was attached to Moscow State University since 1961, and became a lecturer in 1969. Her writings include rOpKUU u Opxen KeManb (1963), Typeune» npose 6070x eoooe (1982), and Turk edebiyatl ozenne (Istanbul, 1989). Miliband; ZKO Uvatov, Ubaidulla, born 23 February 1940 in Kashka-Darya Oblast, he received his first degree in 1974 with a thesis entitled t16H Apa6wax u eeo couunenue itAd>Kau6 an-MaKdyp cjJu Haeau6 TUMyp. it Since 1978 he was affiliated with the Oriental Faculty in Tashkent State University. His writings include Donolardansaboqlar (Toshkent, 1994). LC; Miliband2 'Uways, Ibrahim Muhammad, 1931- see Oweiss, Ibrahim Mohamed von Uxkull (OxkOIl), Waldemar Carl Reinhold Alexander, born in 1860 at Neuenhof, Estonia, he was educated at the Domschule, Reval, and subsequently entered the Russian army. He was an author who travelled extensively in the old and new worlds. His writings include Die Scnwuraruaer (1911), Die heilige IIa vom Tpau; Erzahlung aus dem Kaukasus (1912), and Hadschi Umar; Trauerspiel (1914). He died in Basel in 1952. Baltisch (1); DtBilnd (1); Werist's, 1912, 1935 Uzunoqlu- (nee) Ocherbauer, Adelheid, born in 1942, she received a Dr.phil. in 1971 from the Universttat Wien for Abdulhak §Inasl Htser, ein turkischer Schriftsteller zwischen Gestern und Heute. She edited Ttutaecne Marchen (1997). LC; Schwarz V.-David, Madeleine, 1902- see David, Madeleine V. Vacalopoulos, Apostolos Euangelou, 1909- see Bakalopoulos, Apostolos Euangelou Vacca, Giovanni, born 18 November 1872 at Genova, he graduated in mathematics at his native university, and since 1905 also pursued an interest in Chinese and China, where he travelled extensively from 1907 to 1908. In 1910 he became a lecturer in the history and geography of the Far East at the Universita di Roma, where he spent nearly his entire academic career. Only the years 1921 to 1923 were spent at Firenze. His writings include Origini della scienza (Roma, 1946). He died in Roma, 6 January 1953. Chi e, 1928, 1931, 1940, 1948; Imperatori; IndBI (1) Vacca de Bosis, Virginia, born 19 June 1891 at Roma, she received a diploma in liberal arts and was from 1921 to 1943 an editor of Oriente moderno. Her writings include L'lndia musulmana (1941), Antologia del Corano (1943), and she translated from the Arabic of 'Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ahmad al-Sha'rani,

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557 Vite e detti di santi musulmani (1968), and lllibro dei Doni (1972); and she jointly translated from the Arabic of al-Bukhari, Detti e fatti del profeta dell'is/am (1982). Chi a,1928-1961; Gastaldi; Wholtaly, 1958

Vacca-Mazzara, Giamil, fl. 1942, he was affiliated with the Istituto orientale di Roma. He translated Ali khan; romanzo di Essad Bey (1944), and Zeinab; romanzo di Muhammad Husayn Haykal (1944). NUC, pre-1956

Vaccari, Alberto, born 4 March 1875 at Bastida de' Dossi (Pavia), he was a Jesuit priest and a linguist who spent some time in Syria and Palestine, studying Semitic languages before he became affiliated in 1912 with the Pontificio Istituto Biblico di Roma. His writings include L'arabo scritto e I'arabo parlato in Tripolitania (1912), and Filologia Biblica e patristica (1952). On the occasion of his fortieth anniversary of teaching he was honoured by Scritti di erudizione e di filologia (1952). Chi a, 1931, 1936, 1940, 1948, 1957,1961; Casati 2; Vaccaro; Wholtaly, 1958

Vacher, Antoine, born in 1873, he received a doctorate in 1908 from the Faculte des lettres de Paris for Fleuves et nvieres de France. His writings include Le Berry; contribution a t'etude geographique (Paris, 1908). He died in 1920. NUC, pre-1956 Vacherot, Arsene, born early 19th cent., the son of Etienne Vacherot (1809-97), he was an administrator who was nominated sous-pretet at Sens on 7 April 1871. He also served at the Conseil d'Etat as maitre des requeies successively in the section des finances, du con tentieux , and de legislation. Vapereau

Vachot, Charles, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1966 from the Faculte des lettres de Paris for James Thomson, 1834-1882. His writings include Le Yoga de I'art (1951), and Ardriel (1978). BN

Vaclik, Jan (Jean), born in 1832 at Plave near Bohrnlsch-Budwels, Bohemia, he studied at Orientalische Akademie, Wien. His writings include La Souverainte du Montenegro (Leipzig, 1858). He died in 1918. OUuvSN Vadala, Ramire Pie Maxime, born 15 June 1879, he received degrees in law and Oriental languages at Paris and subsequently had a long career with the French diplomatic service in the Muslim world, including India, as an interpreter and consular officer. He was last posted in 1925 to Samsun on the Black Sea. His writings include Le Golfe persique (1920), and Samsoun; passe, present, avenir (1934). IndexBFr2 (1) Vadet, Jean-Claude, 20th cent. His writings include L'Esprit courtois en Orient dans les cinq premiers siectes de I'hegire (1968), Le Traite d'amour mystique d'al-Daylami (1980), and Les Dissidences de /'islam d'al-Shahrastani (1984). LC Vaffier, Ernest, born 19th cent., his writings include La Bataille marocaine; I'ceuvre du general Lyautey (1916). His trace is lost after a publication in 1922. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Vaffier-Pollet, E., born 19th cent., his writings include L'Elevage intensif de la truite (Chalon-sur Saone, 1899). His trace is lost after a publication in 1906. NUC, pre-1956 Vaglieri, Laura Veccia, 1893-1988 see Veccia Scavalli Varglien Vaglieri, Laura Vagner, Georgii Karelovich, born 20th cent., he gained a doctorate and wrote CKynbnmypa opeaHeiJ Pycu XII aeKa (1969), np06neMa )I(aHpOa a opeaHepyccKoM ucxyccmee (1974), and Om cUM60na K peensnocmu (1980). LC Vago, Robert Michael, born 15 February 1948 in Hungary, he graduated from the University of California at Berkeley and received his Ph.D. in 1974 from Harvard for Hungarian generative phonology. He was since 1979 a professor of linguistics at Queens College, City University of New York, a post which he still held in 2002. He was joint editor of First language attrition (1991). DrAS, 1982 F; NatFacDr, 1995-2002

Vahros (Vakhros), Igor S., born 7 January 1917 at Petersburg, he studied linguistics in Sweden, Denmark and the Soviet Union and received a doctorate in 1959 at Helsinki. His writings include Heunenoeenu» 06yau a pyCCKOM fl3blKa (Helsinki, 1959), and n033Ufl Tiom-iee« (Helsinki, 1966). Vern och vad, 1980, 1986, 1992

Vail, Albert Ross, born 27 June 1880 at Wisner, Nebr., he was an ordained Unitarian ecclesiastic who was joint author, with his wife, of Heroic lives in universal religion (1917). WhAm, 1880 Vail, J. R., born 20th cent., he was the author of Geological reconnaissance in parts of Berber District, Northern Province, Sudan (1971), Geological reconnaissance in the Zalingei and Jebel Marra areas of

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Western Darfur Province (1972), Outline of the Nuba Mountains and vicinity (1973), and he was joint author of Bibliography of geological sciences for the Republic of the Sudan, 1837-1985 (1986). LC

Vaillant, Andre, born in 1890 or 91, he was trained in classics, hence his exceptionally brilliant knowledge of Greek. He later also studied Serbo-Croatian, receiving doctorates in 1928 from the Faculte des lettres de Paris for La Langue de Dominko Zlataric, and Les "Piesni razlike" de Dominko Zlataric. He held the chair of Slavic studies at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Paris, until 1952, when he succeeeded A. Mazon at the College de France. His writings include Grammaire comparee des langues slaves (1950-74). He died in 1977. Slavic review 36 (1977), pp. 732-33 Vaillant, Jean Alexandre, born in 1804 in France, he was from 1829 to 1840 a professor of philosophy at Bucuresti. His writings include Islam des sultans devant I'orthodoxie des tczars (1855), and Grammaire, dialogues & vocabulaire de la langue romane des Sigans (1861). He died in 1886. BN; DcERoman; MicDcEnc

Vaillant, Jean Baptiste Philibert, born 6 October 1790 at Dijon, he was a graduate of the Ecole Polytechnique and sent to Algeria in 1830, where he founded Philippeville in 1838. He was nominated merecnel de France in 1851. His writings include Rapport sur la culture du coton en Algerie (1855), Rapport sur I'organisation de t'ermee d'Orient (1856), and its translation, Die Organisation der Orientarmee (1856). He died 4 June 1872. DcBiPP; GDU; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (4); Peyronnet; Vapereau Vaillant, Louis Auguste Andre Marie, born in 1876, he received a medical doctorate in 1901 from the Universite de Bordeaux for Etude experlmemele de quelques lesions viscereies ceusees par Ie venin des serpents. He accompanied the scientific mission to Central Asia under P. Pelliot as a physician and naturalist. His writings include Rapport sur les travaux geographiques faits par la mission ercbeoiogique d'Asie centrale, mission Paul Pelliot, 1906-1909 (Paris, 1956). BN; Note Vainberg, Bella lI'inichna, born 12 December 1932, she was affiliated with the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology in the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Her writings include Apxeonoeo-smuoepeepulfecKoe usyuenue tteunmnusoe Xope3Ma XVVV-XIX ee. (1964); she was joint author of KoilKpblnaaH-Kana - neuumnu« Kynbmypbl opeeneeo Xope3Ma IVa. 00 H.e. - IVa. H.e. (1967), and CupuKpa6amcKafl Kynbmypa (1993); and she edited X. IOcynoB, Ilpeenocmu Y360fl (1986). LC; Schoeberlein

Vainshtein, Osip L'vovich, born in 1894, his writings include ncmoouoeoeipu« cpeonuxeexoe a censu c peseumueu uomoouuecxot) Mblcnu om neuene cpeonux eesoe 00 neuiux oHeil (1940), POCCUfl Tpuouemunemnn» eoiln«, 1618-1648 ee. (1947), and ncmoou« coeemcsoti MeoueaucmuKu (1968). LC; NUC, pre-1956

Vainshtein, Sev'ian Izrailevich, born 12 April 1926 at Moscow, he gained a doctorate and became affiliated with the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology in the Soviet Academy of Sciences. His writings include Tyeunuu (1961), ncmoou-ecse« srnnoepeibu» myeunuee (1972), and ncmoou« neooonoeo ucsyccmee Tyabl (1974), and Nomads of South Siberia; the pastoral economics of Tuva, translated by C. Humphrey (1980). LC; Schoeberlein Vaissiere, Marius Jean Albert, born 19th cent., he was a lieutenant-colonel whose writings include Les Ouled-Rechaich (Alger, 1893), and La Guerre russo-japonaise (1911). BN; ZKO Vaizey, Lady Alandra Marina, born 16 January 1938 at N.V.C., she was a graduate of Radcliffe College, Harvard University. She was a free-lance writer and an art critic whose writings include 100 Masterpieces of art (1979). Vajda, Georges (Gyorgy), born 18 November 1908 at BUdapest and educated in the tradition of the local Rabbinical seminary, he resided in Paris since 1928. In 1931 he started his teaching career as a lecturer at the Seminaire israelite de France. His rising reputation led to his appointment in 1937 as a lecturer at the Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, Paris. After spending the German occupation in hiding in Haute-Loire, he resumed his work with unparalleled vigour, rising to directeur d'etuaes in 1954, and professor at the Sorbonne in 1970. His writings include Introduction a la pensee juive du moyen age (1947), Repertoire des catalogues et inventaires de manuscrits arabes (1949), and Jtuiische Philosophie (Bern, 1950). He died in Paris on 7 October 1981. American Academy for Jewish Research: Proceedings 50 (1983), pp. xix-xxiii; Journal asiatique 270 (1982), pp. 225-228; MEL,1978-1991

Vaka, Demetra, 1877-1946 see Brown, Demetra (Vaka) Vakalopoulos, Apostolos Euangelou, 1909- see Bakalopoulos, Apostolos Euangelou Vakar, Nicholas Platonovich, born 26 May 1897 at Kiev, he emigrated first to Paris in 1920 and then, in 1944, to the United States, where he received a Ph.D. in 1946 for Society and family in medieval Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

559 Russia. He was a professor of Russian studies at Wheaton College from 1944 to his retirement in 1962. His writings include The study of meaning in Russian (1948). His private papers, 1930 to 1980 are at Bakhmeteff Archive in Columbia University. He died in 1970. ConAu 103, new rev., 20; DrAS, 1969 F

Vakarelski, Khristo Tomov, born 15 December 1896 at Momina Klisura, Bulgaria, he was an ethnographer and folklorist, and from 1927 to 1941 a curator at the National Ethnographic Museum, Sofia. His writings include BYbnpocHuK-ynbmaaHe sa cb6upaHe ne emnoepedxxu Mamepuanu (1946). He died in Sofia, 25 November 1979. EnBulg; IntDeAn Vakhabov (Vakhobov), Mavlian Gafarovich, born in 1909 in the Kirgiz Soviet Republic, his writings include Teiuxenm a nepuoo mpex peeontouuu (Tashkent, 1957), Y36eK couuenucmu« uunnemu (1960), and (/JopMupoaaHue y36eKcKou couuenucmuuecxoa neumm (Tashkent, 1961). LC; UzbekSE Vakhabova, Boriia Abdurakhmanovna, born 25 January 1940 at Tashkent, she graduated from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent State University, and received her first degree in 1970 for naMRmHuKu apa60R3blXHOU 6uoapacPu4ecKou numepamypbl XII-XIII eexoe. Since 1962 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Uzbek Academy of Sciences. Her writings include Pyxonucu npouseeoenui; MbHCUHbl a cotioenuu uucmumyme eocmoeoeeoenun AH Y3CCCP (1982). Miliband 2 Valabrega, Guido, born early 20th cent., he was in 1993 a professor at the Dipartimento di Discipline Storiche in the Universita di Bologna. His writings include" Medio Oriente dal primo dopoguerre a oggi (Firenze, 1977), Medio Oriente; aspetti e problemi (Milano, 1980); he edited Gli Ebrei in Italia durante if fascismo (1962-63); and he was joint editor of Storia dell'Africa e del Vicino Oriente (1979). EURAMES, 1993; LC

Valay, Gabriel, born 17 September 1905 at Salon-de-Provence, he was an agriculturist, a sometime president of the Syndicat des Producteurs grainetiers de la region provencale, depute, and minister of agriculture. DBFC, 1954/55 Valbert, Gustave, pseud., 1829-1899 see Cherbuliez, Charles Victor de Valbezen, Eugene Anatole, born 1815, his writings, partly under the pseudonym Major Fridolin, include Les Anglais et I'Inde (1857), its translation, The English and India (1883), La Malle de I'Inde (1861), and La Veuve de I'hetman (1872). NUC, pre-1956

Valderrama Martinez, Fernando, born in 1912, he received a doctorate and later became a professor of sociology and history of North Africa, specializing in Berber affairs. His writings include Inscripciones erebes de Tetuen (1975), Glossario espenol-ersbe y erebe-espettol de las 2500 voces y expresiones mas usadas en la diplomacfa (1980), La Alcazaba de Badajoz (1985), and Glossario espehol-erebe y arabe-espaflol de terminos econ6micos, financieros y comerciales (1986). He was a member of the Asociacion Espanola de Orientalistas. Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; EURAMES, 1993; LC Valdeyron, Georges, born 27 February 1914 at Ekaterinodar, Russia, he went to school in Montpellier and studied at the Facultes des sciences in Montpellier and Paris. Two years after receiving his diploma from the Institut agronomique, he went in 1937 to North Africa, where he entered the Service Botanique et Agronomique de Tunisie as head of the Travaux d'arboriculture frultlere: in 1946 he became its director. He returned to France in 1957 as a lecturer at the Institut agronomique; since 1961 he was a professor at the Institut national agronomique in Paris. His writings include Rapport sur les travaux de recherche ettectues en 1955 (Tunis, 1954), and Genetique et amelioration des plantes (Paris,1961). NDNC, 1966; WhoFr, 1967/68-1995/961 Valeev, Fuad Khasanovich, born in 1921, he was an architect and historian of art who received a doctorate in 1984. His writings include OpHaMeHm Ka3aHCKUX mamap (1969), Apxumexmypnooexopemueuoe ucsyccmeo Ka3aHCKUX mamap (1975), .apeaHee u cpeoneeeuoeoe ucxyccmeo Cpeoneeo Ftoeonxs» (1975), and HapooHoe oeKopamuaHoe uceyccmeo Temepcmene (1984). He died in 1984. LC; TatarES Valensi, Lucette, born early 20th cent., she received a doctorate in 1974 from the Unlversite de Paris IV with a thesis entitled Fellahs tunisiens; l'economle rurale et la vie des campagnes aux xvtueme et xtxeme siectes. Her writings include Le Maghreb avant la prise d'Alger (1969), Fellah tunisiens (1977), its translation, Tunisian fellahs in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (1985), Venise et la Sublime Porte (1987), its translation, The Birth of a despot (1993), Memoires juives (1986), its translation, Jewish memories (1990), and she was joint author of Juifs en terre d'islam (1984). THESAM,2 Valenta, Jiri, born 20th cent., he published Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968 (1979), and he was joint editor of Soviet decisionmaking for national security (1984), and Conflict in Nicaragua (1987). LC

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Valenti, Ghino, born in 1852 at Messina, he was a professor of political economy, with special reference to agriculture, at the Untversita di Padova. His writings include Cooperationerurale (Firenze, 1902), Studi di politica agraria (Roma, 1914), and L'Agricoltura e la politica commerciale dell'ltalia (Roma,1917). cu « 1908 Valentiner, Wilhelm (William) Reinhold, born 2 August 1880 at Karlsruhe, Baden, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1904 from the Universitat Heidelberg for Rembrandt und seine Umgebung. He went to the United States, where he became an art historian and a director of museums. His writings include The art of the Low Countries (1914), Frans Hals; des Meisters Gemalde (1921), and Origins of modern sculpture (1946). He died in 1958. Kurschner, 1950, 1954; NatCAB, vol. 48 (1965), pp.166-67; Werist's, 1935; WhAm, 3

Valera y Alcala Galiano, Juan, born 18 October 1824 at Cabra (Cordoba), he studied at Malaga and Granada, where he took a degree in law. He entered the diplomatic service in 1847 and remained there until 1858, when he was elected deputy for Archidona. It was only after the Bourbon restauration that he returned to the diplomatic service for a final ten years. He was a poet and a prolific prose writer. He died in Madrid, 18 April 1905. BbD; BiD&SB; EncBrit; EncicUni; IndiceE3(18); Master (4); MEW Valet, Pierre, born 19th cent., he was in 1910 a vice-consul in charge of the chancellery at the Consulat general de France in Smyrna. Note Valet, Rene, born in 1899, he received doctorates at Alger for La Conquete de I'Algerie et I'occupation de la Tunisie (1924), and Le Sahara algerien; etude de I'organistaion administrative (1927). His writings also include L'Afrique du nord devant Ie parlement au XIXme siecle (1924). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Valette, Jacques, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1975 from the Universite de Paris I for Socialisme utopique et idee coloniale; Jules Duval, 1813-1870. His writings include Etat et vie economlque dans les grands pays industriels, en U.R.S.S. et en Italie, debut du XXe siecle-1939 (1977), and he was joint author of Les Frencets et la France, 1859-1899 (1986). LC; THESAM,2 Validi, Ahmet Zeki, 1890-1970 see Togan, Ahmed Zeki Velidi Valieva, Daniia Valievna, born 14 June 1929 at Kazan, she graduated in 1952 from the Central Asian State University and received her first degree in 1959 at Tashkent for Peseumue coeemcxo-uoencxux KynbmypHux censeii, 1921-1956. Since 1957 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Uzbek Academy of Sciences. Her writings include COBpeMeHHblu t1paH (1969), Coeemcso-upencxue KynbmypHble CBfl3U, 1921-1960 ee. (1965), noen; ucmopuKo-3KOHOMUl/eCKUCi oueo« (1966), and she edited M. AVi.Qor.Qbles, Ycmenoenenue u peseumue coeemcxo-upencsux mopeoeux censeit, 19171937 ee. (1986). Miliband2 Valiiev, Ali Gara ogly, born 28 November 1901 in Azerbaijan, he was a philologist who wrote npOCioeHHble aoobl (1958), and ,QypHa eemepu (1972), as well as works in Azeri. AzarbSE vol. 2, p. 462; LC II

Valikhanov, Chokan Chingisovich, born in 1835 into the Kazakh aristocracy, he was a grandson of the last khan of the Middle Horde and claimant to the title of sultan and direct descent from the thirteenthcentury world conqueror Chingiz Khan. In the course of a brief lifespan he rose from a predominantly nomadic and overwhelmingly illiterate milieu to earn recognition from the highest echelons of the Russian scholarly community as an authoritative and promising orientalist. He died from tuberculosis, 10 April 1865. His writings include COl/uHeHifi (1904), t136paHHble noouseeoenus (1958), and C06paHue COl/UHeUU (1961-72). A. Akhmetov edited L{oKaH Benuxenoe B BocnOMUHaHUFIX coepeuenHUKOB (1964). Part of his work was translated into English by John Michell (1836-1921) in a work entitled The Russians in Central Asia (1865). BiobibSOT; Central Asian survey 8 iii (1989), pp. 1-30; Embacher; EnSlovar; Wieczynski, vol. 41 (1986), pp. 165-69)

Valin, Emile Jean Pierre, born in 1920, he published The value of examinations; a technical study carried out in the Lebanon (Paris, Unesco, 1961), Hommes et societes du Proche-Orient (1969), and Le Pluralisme socio-scolaire au Liban (1969). LC Valitova, Aislu Abdurakhmanovna, born 21 November 1919 at Kazan, she graduated in 1945 from the Faculty of History, Moscow State University, where she also received her first degree in 1951 for fOcyc/J 5anacaayHcKuu u eeo «KymaoayBunue.» Miliband2 Valiullina (Banaynnuaa), Zugra Mazitovna, born early 20th cent., she published Conocmeeumensnen apaMMamuKa pycceoeo u memeposoeo fl3blKOB (1968), and she was joint author of Mopqxmoeu» coepeuennoeo memepcxoeonumepemypnoeofl3blKa (Kazan, 1972). LC Valjavec, Friedrich (Fritz), born 25 May 1909 at Wien, he grew up since 1919 at Budapest, where he attended the Reichsdeutsche secondary school. Since 1930 he lived at MOnchen, where he also Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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gained a Dr.phil. and later a Dr.habil. He was an Austrian monarchist in outlook, deeply attached to, and interested in, the German minorities in the Balkans and their fate down to the end of the war as well as their lot as expulsed people in post-war Germany. He was an indefatigable editor and the founder of Sadost-Forschungen. From 1940 to 1945 he commuted to Berlin, where he was first a lecturer in, and then professor of, Southeast European history. His writings include Der deutsche KultureinfluB im nahen suaosten (1940). He died 10 February 1960. DtBE; KOrschner, 1950-1961; SOdostForschungen, 19 (1960), pp. 1-15; SOdostdeutschesArchiv, 3 (1960), pp. 3-13

Val'kova, Lidiia Vasil'eva, born 18 February 1933 at Leningrad, she received her first degree in 1966 for «AHenuCicKa «ononuenu-e» nonumuse e AoeHe u eoencxux npomesopemex nocne emopoil uupoeoo eoiiuu,» and her doctorate in 1988 for BHeWHRR nonumuke ceyooecxot: Apaeuu e 70-e-80-e eoou. Since 1959 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Sciences. Her writings include CayooecKaR Apeeu» e Me30yHapooHbiX omnoiuenusx, 1955-1977 (1979), CayooecKaR Apeeu«; uedxn», ucneu. nonumuse (1987), she was a joint author of IOY3HbiCi tlteMeH (1973), and she was a joint editor of Hoeeacse« ucmopun tlteMeHa, 1917-1982 ee. (1984). Miliband; Miliband 2 Valladar, Francisco de Paula, born 19th cent., at Granada, he was a historian and an archaeologist whose writings include Ellncendio de la Alhambra (1890), and Historia del arte (1894-96). He died in Granada, 22 February 1924. EncicUni Vallaro, Michele, born early 20th cent., he wrote Parliamo arabo (1997), he translated from the Arabic of Muhammad b. Dawud al-Isfahani al-Zahiri, Kitab az-Zahrah (1985), and he jointly translated from alBukhari, Detti e fatti del profeta dell'islam (1982). LC Vallat, Henri Jacques Albert, born 2 December 1944 at Gignac (Herault), he was educated and studied at Montpellier, and obtained doctorates in economics and law as well as a diploma from the Institut superieur des affaires. He was a professor at Montpellier from 1971 to 1976 and subsequently became a business executive. WhoFr, 1995/96-2003/2004 Vallaux, Camille, born in 1870 in humble circumstances at VendOme (Loir-et-Cher), he was educated at Ecole Normale Superieure and subsequently taught at iycee« in Pontivy and Brest until 1901, when he obtained a post in geography at the Ecole navale, Brest. After obtaining his doctorate in 1905 at Paris for La Basse-Bretagne; etude de geographie humaine, he there taught geography from 1913 to his retirement in 1932, when he returned to his estate at Kerhuon near Brest, where he died on 10 September 1945. His writings include Les Campagnes des ermees trencelses, 1792-1815 (1899), and Geographie sociale (1908). Geographers, 2 (1978), pp. 119-126; Geographical review, 36 (1946), p. 164 Valle, Carlo Della, fl. 1933-35 see Della Valle, Carlo Valle, Pietro della, 1586-1652 see Della Valle, Pietro Vallentin-(Luchaire), Antonina, born 5 October 1893 at Lemberg, Galicia, she was an author of historical biographies. She died in Paris, 18 August 1957. KDtLK, 1949, 1952, 1958; KDtLK, Nekrolog, 193670; Master (1); Wer ist wer, 1955; WhE&EA

Vallery-Radot, Maurice, born 11 May 1919 at Paris, he received a doctorate in law as well as two diplomas at Paris. He was a politician and served on three occasions as a minister of France d'OutreMer. His writings include Remembrement rural etjurisprudence du Conseil d'Etat (1968). WhoFr, 19552003/2004

Vallin, Jacques, born 20th cent., he was a demographer, with field work experience in North Africa. He was a sometime directeur de recherche at the French Institut national d'etudes dernoqraphlques. His writings include Les Causes de oeces en France de 1925 a 1943 (1986), and he was joint editor of Health policy, social policy, and mortality prospects (1985), and Mesure et analyse de la mortalite (1988). LC; Note Vallois, Henri Victor, born 11 April 1889 at Nancy, he was educated at Montpellier, where he also studied medicine and natural sciences. He took doctorates in both fields and in 1933 became a director of the Laboratoire d'anthropologie de l'Ecole des Hautes etudes, Toulouse. He later served at the Musee d'histoire naturelle, Musee de I'Homme, and Faculte des Sciences de Paris. For half a century he dominated French anthropology. His writings include Les Races humaines (1948). He died in Paris, 27 August 1981. DBFC, 1954/55; Hommes et destins, vol. 5, pp. 531-32; IndexBFr2 (2); IntWW, 1973/741981; WhoFr, 1965/66-1977/78

Valls i Subira, Oriel Tomas, born 15 October 1947 at Barcelona, he emigrated to the U.S.A., where he became a professor of physics. In 2002 he was a professor at the Department of Physics in the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. His writings include Paper and watermarks in Catalona (1970), The History of paper in Spain (1978-82), La Filigrana del peregrino (1982), and the booklets, A lively Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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look at papermaking (1980), EI empleo de la forma con la tela fija (Mexico, 1982), and Sobre trituraci6n de trapos (Mexico, 1982). LC; Master (6); NatFacDr,2002; WhoMW, 1994/95

Vallve Bermejo, Joaquin, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in Semitic languages and became successively affiliated with the Universidad de Barcelona and the Universidad Complutense, Madrid. His writings include La divisi6n territorial de la Espana musulmana (1986). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; EURAMES, 1993; Note

de Valon, vicomte Marie Charles Ferdinand, called Alexis, born in 1818, his writings include Une Annee dans Ie Levant (1846), and its translation, Ein Jahr im Orient (1954). He died in 1851. BN; LC

Valori, Francesco, fl. 1938, his writings include Pagine di storia e politica coloniale (Roma, 1943), and Scipione l'Africano (Torino, 1948). NUC, pre-1956 Valran, Achille Gaston, born in 1857, he received a doctorate in 1899 from the Universite de Paris for his thesis, Misere et charite en Provence au XVI/Ie siecle; essai d'histoire sociale. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Valsan, Michel, fl. 1966, his writings include L'ls/am et la fonction de Rene Guenon; recueil posthume (Paris, 1984). LC Val'skaia, Bliuma Abramovna, born in 1914 at Chigirin (Chyhyryn), Ukraine, she graduated in 1938 from the Faculty of Geography, Leningrad State University, and received her first degree in 1968. Her writings include Ilymeiuecmeus Eeopa ttempoeuue Koeeneecsoeo (1956). Miliband; Miliband2 Valuiskii, Anatolii Mitrofanovich, born in 1905, he graduated in 1930 from the Leningrad Oriental Institute and received his first degree in 1939 for (/)eooanbHb/D cmpoa Typu,uu e XV-XVI. He was affiliated with the Institute of History and, during his last years, with the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. From 1941 to 1946 he was a Tass correspondent in Turkey. He died on 10 August 1959. Miliband; Miliband2 Valyi, Felix, born 19th cent., he was an editor of the Review of nations and Revue politique internationale. His writings include The Turks last stand (1913), L'Europe en Asie mineure (1922), Europe in Asia Minor (1922), and Spiritual and political revolutions in Islam (1925). NUC, pre-1956 Vambery, Hermann, born in humble circumstances on 19 March 1832 at Szerdahely, Hungary, he was educated locally, but early in life acquired six languages. When he came to BUdapest his talent was recognized by Baron Karl Eotvos who granted him the minimum of support necessary for a journey to the East. On foot he reached in 1854 Constantinople where he spent eight years as a private teacher of French at the homes of leading pashas. A member of the Hungarian Academy since 1861, and supported by a grant, he set out on his journey to Turkestan. Disguised as a dervish, he joined a Meccan caravan on its return journey to eastern Turkestan by way of Khiva. and Bukhara, reaching Samarkand in 1864. Being constantly watched, he had to make a fast retreat to Tehran, from where he returned to Europe. His experience is embodied in his Reise in Mittelasien, a work which was translated into several languages. His achievements were fully recognized at home and abroad. As a professor of Oriental languages at Budapest, he was a sometime teacher of Goldziher. His writings include Travels in Central Asia (1864), a work which has been translated into many languages Cagataische Sprachstudien (1867), Sketches of Central Asia (1868), Arminus Vambery; his life and adventures, by himself (1884), Alt-osmanische Sprachstudien (1901), The Story of my struggles (1901), Westostlicher Kultureinflul3 im Osten (1906), and its translation, Western culture in Eastern lands (1906). He died in 1913. L. Alder and R. Dalby wrote The Dervish of Windsor Castle; the life of Arminius Vambery (1979), and Mim Kemal Oke, Vambery (1985). AnaBrit; AzarbSE; Buckland; CelCen; Embacher; EncAm; EncBrit; EncJud; EnSlovar; FOck; GeistigeUng; JOdLex; Mitteilungen der k.k. Geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien 56 (1913), pp. 468-470; Monatsschrift (arden Orient 39 (September 1913), pp. 149-151; Pallas; RNL

Vamvakas, Kharisios (Charles), born in 1872 at Kozani (Kozane), western Macedonia, he gained a doctorate and was a member of the Turkish Parliament until the outbreak of the Balkan War of 1912. In the late 1920s and 1930s he was a municipal politician in northern Greece. He died in Thessaloniki in 1952. EEE; Note Van

When this prefix occurs at the beginning of surnames of persons of United States, British Commonwealth or Irish nationality, the surname is entered in this work under the prefix. The prefix and the remainder of the surname are considered one word in filing. Surnames of persons of other nationalities are entered as practised in their respective countries.

Van Ackere, Constant, born 19th cent. see Ackere, V. Constant van Van Alstyne, Richard Warner, born 19 August 1900 at Sandusky, Ohio, he graduated in 1922 from Harvard and received his Ph.D. in 1928 from Stanford University. From 1945 to his retirement in 1967

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he was a professor of American international history at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. His writings include American crisis diplomacy (1952), Genesis of American nationalism (1970), and Rising American empire (1974). He was a man of firm opinions, openly expressed and usually off the mainstream of scholarly thought. Though he spent much time in libraries, he liked to hike into the Sierra Madre, a habit which he pursued until his legs could no longer take the heavy pounding of the rocky trails. Four days before his eighty-third birthday he died of carbon monoxide gas self-adminsitered in his own car. In a brief departing note he asked for no funeral or memorial services. Some weeks before his death he had observed to colleagues that his writings and research days were ended. ConAu 9-12, new rev., 39; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; Pacific historical review 53 (1984), pp. 118-119; WhoWest, 1976/77-1980/81

Van Arkadie, Brian, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, Sussex. His writings include Benefits and burdens; a report on the West Bank and Gaza Strip economies since 1967 (Washington, D.C., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1977). LC Vance, Cyrus Roberts, born 27 March 1917 at Clarksburg, W.Va., he was a graduate of Yale University and Yale Law School; he practised law until he entered politics and became a government official. He was from 1977 to 1980 Secretary of State. BlueB, 1973/74-1976; ConAu 121; IntWW, 1979-2002; IntYB, 1980-1998; Master (20); Who, 1979-2001; WhoAm, 1980-2002; WhoE,1981-1991/92

Vandal, Albert Louis Jules, born 7 July 1853 at Paris, he was a historian at l'Ecole des Sciences politique, where he gave a course on Oriental affairs; he was elected a member of the Academie francaise. His writings include Une Ambassade frangaise en Orient sous Louis XV (1887), and Les Voyages du Marquis de Nointel, 1670-1680 (1900). He died in 1910. Curinier; IndexBFr2(2); Master(4) Van Damme, Mark see Damme, Mark van de Vandelbourg, Robert, born 29 November 1870 at Hericourt (Haute-SaOne), he was educated at the College Sainte-Barbe and the Institut agronomique. He was an industrialist who had an estate in Algeria. He was a writer and a poet whose writings include Sur les hauts plateaux; roman (1903). Qui etes-voue, 1924

Vanden Berghe, Louis Camiel Silvere, born 24 December 1923 at Oost-Nieuwkerke, Belgium, he studied at the Rijksuniversiteit te Gent, where he received a doctorate in archaeology in 1950. Afterwards he was a professor at Gent and Bruxelles, and since 1966, a curator at Musees Royaux BioB134; d'Art et d'Histoire, Bruxelles. His writings include Archeologie de /'Iran ancien (1966). WhoWor, 1974-1976, 1980

van den Branden, Albertus see Branden, Albertus van den van den Gheyn, Joseph Marie Martin, Ie Pere, born in 1854, he wrote L'Origine europeenne des Aryas (1889), Essais de mythologie et de phi/ologie comparee (Bruxelles, 1885), Album beIge de paleographie (Bruxelles, 1908), and Catalogue des manuscrits de la Bibliotheque royale de Belgique (19011919). He died in 1913. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Vandenhoff, Bernhard, born 3 July 1868 at Rheine, Germany, he studied Oriental languages and received a Dr.phil. in 1905 from the Unlversitat Berlin for Nonnulla Tarafae poetae carmina ex arabico in latinum sermonem versa notisque adumbrata. His writings include Vier geistliche Gedichte in syrischer und neusyrischer Sprache (1907). Thesis Van de Put, Albert, born in 1876, he was a sometime assistant at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, and an antiquary whose writings include Hispano-Moresque ware of the fifteenth century (1904). CathWW, 1910 Van der Clute, Norman Roland, born 14 November 1932 at N.Y.C., he graduated from Amherst College and Harvard Law School and was admitted to the bars of New York and the District of Columbia. He was a practising lawyer whose writings include Legal aspects of the Arab boycott (1977). WhoAm, 1988/89-1995; WhoAmL, 1990-1994/95 Van der Kroef, Justus Maria, born in 1925 (or 1923) in Djakarta, he graduated in 1944 from Millsaps College, Jackson, Miss., and received a Ph.D. in 1953 from Columbia University for Dutch colonial policy in Indonesia, 1900-1941. Since 1959 he was a professor of political science at the University of Bridgeport, Conn. His writings include Indonesia in the modern world (1954-56). AmM&WS, 1978 S;

AMS, Social and Behavioral sciences, 1968; ConAu 41-44, new rev., 14; DrAS, 1964; WhoAm, 1974/75-1995; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79

Vandermeersch, Bernard, fl. 1966, his writings include Les Hommes fossi/es de Qafzeh, Israel (1981), and he was joint ediitor of Investigations in South Levantine prehistory = Prehistoire du Sud-Levant (1989). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Vandermeersch, Leon, born 20th cent., his writings include Les Mirroirs de bronze du Musee de Hanoi (1960), Wangdao; ou, La voie royale (1977); he was joint author of Bouddhisme et societe« asiatiques (1990); and he was joint editor of Confucianisme et societes asiatiques (1991), and Cultes populaires et societes asiatiques (1991). LC Van der Merwe, Willem Jacobus, born 31 August 1906 at Ceres, South Africa, he was educated at the Theological Seminary, Stellenbosch, and received a Ph.D. in 1934 from the School of Missions, Hartford Seminary Foundation. In 1936 he was affiliated with Alheit Mission, Gutu, South Africa. He was since 1958 a professor at Stellenbosch Theological Seminary. His writings include The Development of missionary attitudes in the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (1936), and From Mission field to autonomous Church in Zimbabwe (1981). Au&Wr,1971; LC; Note Vandersleyen, Claude, born 20th cent., he was an Egyptologist who was honoured by Amosiedes; melanges offerts au professeur Claude Vandersleyen (Louvain, 1992). LC Van der Walt, A. J., 1915- see Walt, A. J. van der Van de Vate, Katherine, born in 1955, she was successively an Arabic librarian at the British Library and Princeton University Library until the early 1990s, when she joined the United States Information Agency. As a fluent Arabic speaker she was posted to the Middle East. For the Middle East Libraries Committee in the United Kingdom she wrote Books from the Arab world; a guide to selection and acquisition (1988). LC; Private Vandevelde-Dailliere, Helene, born 20th cent., she received a doctorat d'etat in political science from the Faculte de droit d'Alger, and became a lecturer at the Institut de droit, Ben-Aknoun, Alger. Her writings include Femmes eiqenennee if travers la condition feminine dans Ie constantinois depuis tinoependence (1980), Cours d'histoire du droit musulman et des institutions musulmanes (1983), and Malgre la tourmente; reclt-temoiqneqe (1994). LC van de Walle, Amedee Afrien Baudouin M. J. G., born 21 October 1901 at Bruges, he received a doctorate in 1924 in history and Oriental languages from the Universite d'Etat in Liege, where he subsequently served as a professor of Egyptology until his retirement in 1971. He died in Bruxelles on 26 December 1988. Bioln 17; Egyptology; Qui, 1981-85; Who's who in Belgium and Luxemburg, 1962 Vandewalle, Diederick (Dirk) J., born 6 December 1953, he received a Ph.D. in 1988 from Columbia University for The political economy of Maghribi oil. He was in 1995 a professor of government at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., a post which he still held in 2002. His writings include Qadhafi's Libya, 1969-1994 (1995), and North Africa; development and reform in a changing global economy (1996). LC; NatFacDr, 1995-2002 Vandrisse, Joseph, born in 1927, he was a Pere blancs, whose writings include Paul VI et les eveques de France (1978), and On les appelle Peres blancs, Sreur blanches; missionaires d'Afrique (1984). LC Van Dusen, Michael Hillegas, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., for a thesis entitled Intra- and inter-generational conflict in the Syrian Army. He was in 1972 a staff consultant to the Subcommittee of the Near East of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the United States House of Representatives. He was joint author of United States postdisaster assistance to Pakistan (1974). LC; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990 Van Dusen, Roxann A., born 20th cent., she received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., with a thesis entitled Social change and decision-making; family planning in Lebanon. She was affiliated with the Social Science Research Council, Washington, D.C., and in 1990 a deputy director, Office of Health, Agency for International Development, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C. She was a joint author of Basic background items for U.S. household surveys (1975), and she edited Social indicators, 1973; a review symposium (1974). MESA Roser of members, 1990; Selim Van Dyck, Cornelius Van Alen, born 13 August 1818 at Kinderhook, N.Y., and educated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. He was a medical missionary and served under the Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions since 1840 in Beirut. After Dr. Eli Smith's death in 1857, he continued the task of the unfinished Bible translation into Arabic, completing it in 1865. From 1867 until his death from cholera, 13 November 1895, he practised and taught medicine in Beirut. DAB; Master (4); Richter, 197-198; Shavit

Vane, Frances Anne Emily, 1800-1865 see Londonderry, Frances Anne Emily Vane Tempest, 3rd marchioness of Vaner, Semih, born in 1945, he received a doctorate in political science from the Universite de Paris and became affiliated with the Centre d'etudes et de recherches internationales, Fondation nationale Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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des sciences politiques, Paris. His writings include Le Differend greco-turc (1988), and its translation, TOrk-Yunan uyu§mazllgl (1990), and he edited Modernisation autoritaire en Turquie et en Iran (1991), and Turquie; la nouvelle donne (1995). AnEIFr, 1989, 1995, 1995

Van Ess, Dorothy nee Firman, born 30 July 1885 at Wakefield, Mass., she was a graduate of Holyoke College and Wellesley College, both in Massachusetts, who taught at Carleton College, Northfield, Minn., from 1908 to 1909, when she went out to the Arabian Mission and, in 1911, was married to Dr. John Van Ess in Chicago. Educational and social work among Arab girls and women of Mesopotamia gave her exceptional opportunities to know them and their background. After the death of her husband in 1949, she remained active in the Mission until 1955. Her writings include Who's who in the Arabian Mission (1939), Fatima and her sisters (1964), Pioneers in the Arab world (1974). She died in Somers, N.Y., on 1 September 1975. ConAu,61-64; Shavit; Van Ess Van Ess, John, born 10 August 1879 at Holland, Mich., he graduated from the local Hope College, and Princeton Theological Seminary. He was ordained in 1902 and, a year later, he went out to the Arabian Mission, where he spent his first term touring the country between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. He was one of the first Westerners to go among the Marsh Arabs of the Persian Gulf. After seven years of evangelism, it was obvious that his work was bearing little fruit. It became clear to him that if little could be done to change the minds of the adults, perhaps something could be done for the boys. Such considerations led to the founding of the Basrah BoysSchool in 1912, of which he became the first principal. He wrote several text books in Arabic for the use in the School. From 1914 to July 1915 he was appointed to the only government post he ever held, that of acting American consular agent at Basrah. By his stressing the education of Arabs, by his pro-Arab attitudes and actions, and through his significant influence with leading personalities of the period, he exerted a positive influence in the development of Mesopotamia at a crucial period. His writings include Spoken Arabic of Mesopotamia (1917), Aid to practical written Arabic (1920), Meet the Arab (1943), and its Italian translation, Incontro con gli arabi (1948). He died in Basrah, 26 April 1949. MW 72 (1982), pp. 180196; Van Ess

van Ess, Josef, 1934- see Ess, Josef van

Van Gennep, Arnold, born 23 April 1873 at Ludwigsburg, Germany, he was an anthropologist with a doctorate from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Paris. In 1911 and 1912 he conducted field-work in Algeria, which had an impact on his later work. From 1912 to 1915 he held his only academic appointment, a professor of ethnography in the Universite de Neuchatel, He was a leader in the field of French folklore and ethnology, yet he remained an outcast from French academia, known as the hermit of Bourg-la-Reine, supporting himself through translations and free lance writing. His writings include Les Rites de passage (1909), its translation, The Rites of passage (1960), La Formation des Ieqendes (1910), En Algerie (1914), and Le Folklore (1929). He died in Epernay on 7 May 1957. Ketty van Gennep wrote Bibliography des ceuvres d'Arnold van Gennep (1964). American anthropologist, 84 (1982), pp. 299-313; Hommes et destins, vol. 2, pp. 733-36; IntDcAn; Revue archeologique, 1959), t. 1, p. 204

Van Hollen, Christopher, born 23 September 1922 in Maryland, he graduated in 1947 from Haverford College and received a Ph.D. in 1951 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., with a thesis entitled The House Committee on Rules, 1933-1951; agent of party and agent of opposition. He was a foreign affairs analyst at the State Department, and from 1953 to 1961 a foreign affairs officer in the Indian Subcontinent. From 1965 to 1968 he served as a counsellor in political affairs at Ankara. WhoAm, 1976/77 & 1978/79; WhoGov, 1972/73-1977

Vanlande, Rene, born in 1886, his writings include Au Maroc sous les ordres de Lyautey (1926), Chez les Peres blancs (1929), Attention en Tunisie (1931), Visions de Tunisie (1931), Le Chambardement oriental (1932), and Dakar! (1941). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Vanly, Ismet Cheriff, 1924- see Cheriff Vanly, Ismet Van Millingen, Alexander, born in 1840, his writings include Byzantine Constantinople (1899), the booklet, How Robert College came to be founded (1909), Byzantine churches in Constantinople (1912), and The Church of Saint Eirene at Constantinople (1913). He died in 1915. NUC, pre-1956 Van Millingen, Julius R., born 19th cent., his writings include Turkey (1911), and its 2nd ed., with Sirdar Ikbal Ali Shah, in 1932. NUC, pre-1956 Vanni Rovighi, Sofia, born 28 September 1908 at San Lazzaro (Bologna), she was a sometime professor of medieval history and philosophy in the Unlversita Cattolica di Milano. Her writings include L'lmmortalita dell'anima nei maestri francescani del secolo XIII (1936), La filosofia di Edmund Husserl (1939), Galileo (1943), and Elementi di filosofia (1940-47), San Bonaventura (1974), Teoria della Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

566 conoscenza (1976), and Uomo e natura appunti per una antropologia filosofica (1980). Chi e, 1948, 1957, 1961; IndBI (2); Wholtaly, 1958, 1980

Van Nieuwenhuijze, C. A. 0., 1920- see Nieuwenhuijze, Christoffel Anthonie Olivier van Vannovskii, Petr Semenovich, born in 1822 at Kiev, he was successively chief of military academies, minister of defence, and a member of the state council. He took part in the campaigns of the RussoTurkish wars of 1853-56 and 1877-78, serving in the Danube-Balkan area during both conflicts. His writings include ,aoKnam Bennoecseeo no noeoov cmyoeHlIecKux 6e3nopfioKoB (Moscow, 1900). He died in St. Petersburg in 1904. EnSlovar; GSE; Wieczynski, vol. 41, pp. 179-182 Vannucci, Atto, born in 1810 at Tobbiana, Pistoia, Italy, he was a politician, historian, senator and a member of the Accademia dei Lincei. He wrote Storia d'ltalia dall'origine di Roma fino all'invasione dei Lombardi (1851-55), and Storia dell'ltalia antica (1963-64). He died in Firenze in 1883. IndBI (16) Vannutelli, Lamberto, born in 1871, he was an explorer in the service of the Societa Geografica Italiana. His writings include In Anatolia (1905), and Anatolia meridionale e Mesopotamia; rendiconto

di una missione di geografia commerciale inviata dalla Societa Geografica Italian a, maggio-dicembre 1906 (1911), and he was joint author of L'Omo; viaggio d'esplorazione nell'Africa orientale (1899). Imperatori

Van Paassen, Pieter (Pierre) Antonie Laurusse, born in 1895 at Gorinchem, the Netherlands, to a Calvinist family, he emigrated in 1914 to Canada. He was a roving reporter since 1924, stationed usually in Paris. From 1927 to 1929 he was correspondent for the New York evening world in Palestine and the Near East, where he was a frequent visitor until his death in 1938. His writings include Days of our years (1939), The Forgotten ally (1943), and Jerusalem calling (1950). Canadian, 1936; CurBio, 1942, 1968; EncJud; Master (12); Note; WhAm, 4 (Addendum)

Van Pelt, Mary Cubberly, born about 1900 at Hillsboro, Ohio, she was educated at Norton Memorial Infirmery, Louisville, Ky. She lived from 1917 to 1940 in the Persian Gulf area - until 1920 on Bahrain as a student of Arabic, and after that in Kuwait as a member of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America. As a trained nurse on the mission field, she repeatedly had to take full charge of woman's medical work in the absence of a woman physician. Through her position as superintendent of Kuwait Hospital for Men and of the Hospital for Women and Children, she came into close contact with all classes of the people; and through her long residence was afforded the opportunity of studying the political, cultural, and physical changes that were taking place between the two world wars. After her return to the United States, she was in 1950 on the staff of Gallaudet College, Washington, D.C. Note; Van Ess, p. 30

Van Peursen, Gerrit D., born in the last quarter of the nineteenth century at Maurice, Iowa, and educated at Iowa College, and Princeton Theological Seminary, he went out to the Arabian Mission in 1910 and spent his first year in Bahrain. Afterwards he was stationed for a number of years in Muscat. After the re-opening of the men's work in Matrah, Oman, it was possible for him to do a good deal of village touring. In 1933 he returned to Bahrain, where he was still active in 1929. Van Ess Van Peursen, Josephine nee Spaeth, born 19th cent., she was married in 1912 to Rev. Gerrit D. Van Peursen of the Arabian Mission. She united the two professions of trained nurse and missionary mother, and also took a large share of the women's evangelistic work while in Bahrain. She twice accompanied the missionary party who went to the interior of Saudi Arabia at the request of King Ibn Saud, and filled the role of "lady doctor" on these occasions when she shared with the doctor's wife the experience of introducing Christian womanhood for the first time to the great households of the Najd. Van Ess Van Riet, Simone, born 12 April 1919 at Bruxelles, she studied classics and received a doctorate in 1944 from the Universite cathholique de Louvain with the thesis, Cicero et les tragiques grecs. Her writings include Avicenna latinus (1983), and she edited Liber de anima, seu sextus de naturalibus (1968). Since 1949 she pursued an interest in the Christian-Muslim dialogue and obatined in 1952 a diploma in classical Arabic from l'Ecole nationale des langues orientales vivantes in Paris. In 1962 she began a long affiliation with her alma mater. She died in November 1993. MIOEO 22 (1995), pp. 433-435; Qui,1981-85

Vansittart, Henry, born in 1732, he was a governor of Bengal, of Dutch extraction. He returned to England in 1764. On his return he touched at Cape Town, December 1769, and perished at sea in the Aurora. His writings include Original papers relative to the disturbances in Bengal (1865), and A Narrative of the transactions in Bengal, from the year 1760 to the year 1764, during the government of Mr. Henry Vansittart (1766). Buckland; ONB; Mason; Riddick Van Sommer, Annie, born 1853 at Tottenham, England, she went to Egypt in 1885 to open a Soldiers' Institute at Alexandria. She spent the better part of forty years in Egypt, and was a member of both the Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

567 Field and Home Councils of the Egypt Mission Band, the founder of the rest home for missionaries at Fairhaven near Alexandria, and active in the distribution of Christian literature through the Nile Mission Press. She edited two collective works, Our Moslem sisters; a cry of need from lands of darkness (1907), Daylight in the harem; a new era for Moslem women (1911). She died on 9 January 1937, aged eighty-three years, at her home in England. Van Spaandonck, Marcel Petrus Florina, born 16 May 1925 at Sint-Niklaas, Belgium, he was a sometime railway employee in Africa, before he took up, in 1958, the study of African languages and history at the Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. After obtaining in 1967 a doctorate with a thesis entitled Morfotonologische analyse in Bantutalen, he served as an assistant professor at the University of Texas, and in 1970 began a teaching career at his alma mater. Concurrently he served as a chairman of the Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek. Since 1969 he had been a lecturer at the Algemeen Bestuur voor Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. His writings include Practical and systematical Swahili bibliography; linguistics, 1850-1963 (1965), the translation of his doctoral thesis, L'Analyse morphotonologique dans les langues bantoues (1971), and he edited Interkultureer onderwijs en mondiale vorming (1981). WieVlaad,1980 Van Steenberghen, Fernand Emmanuel Joseph, born 13 February 1904 at Saint-Josse-ten-Noode, Brabant, Belgium, he was educated at the Universite catholique de Louvain, where he gained a doctorate in 1923. Three years later he was ordained. From 1935 to his retirement in 1974 he was a professor of philosophy at his alma mater. He also delivered a lecture series at Dublin. His writings include Epistemologie (1945), its translations, Epistemology (1949), Erkenntnislehre (1950), Aristote en Occident (1946), its translation, Aristotle in the West (1955), The Philosophical movement in the thirteenth century (1955), and Histoire de la philosophie (1964). Biography index, 3; Contemporary authors, 130; Qui est qui en Belgique francophone, 1981-85

Vantini, Giovanni, born early 20th cent., he was a Verona Father and affiliated with the Sudan Catholic Information Office, Khartoum. In 1982 he attended the Durham Sudan Histroical Records Conference. His writings include Christianity in medieval Nubia (1976), Christianty in the Sudan (1981), and he edited and translated Oriental sources concerning Nubia (1975). LC; Note Van Valkenburg, Samuel, born 14 September 1891 at Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, he studied geography at Utrecht, Berlin and ZOrich, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1918 for Beitrage zur Frage der praglazialen Oberflachengestalt der Schweizer Alpen. Since 1921 he was resident in the United States, where he spent most of his academic career in Clark University, Worcester, Mass., as a professor of geography. His writings include Elements of political geography (1939), Whose promised lands? A political atlas of the Middle East and India (1946), and Pacific Asia; a political atlas (1947). He died in 1976. Bioln, 11; ConAu, 5-8,103; WhAm, 9 Van Vollenhoven, Joost, born 21 July 1877 at Kralingen, the Netherlands, he went in 1886 with his parents to North Africa. After his licence, and a first prize in civil law in 1899, he entered the Ecole Coloniale, received a doctorate in law for Essai sur Ie fellah algerien, and left in 1903 with the rank of major. He subsequently joined the Cabinet of the Ministre des Colonies and concurrently taught at his alma mater. In 1906 he became Secretaire general des Colonies, serving successively in French Equatorial Africa and Indochina. He left Hanoi in 1915 to serve in the war; he was killed in action, 20 July 1918. His writings include Une Ame de chef, Ie gouverneur general J. Van Vollenhoven (1920). Hommes et destins, vol. 2, pp. 736-741

Van Wersch, Herman Jozef Mathias, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from the University of Minnesota with a thesis entitled Land tenure, land use, and agricultural development; a comparative analysis of Messinia, Greece, and the Cap Bon, Tunisia. Selim Van Windekens, Albert Joris, 1915-1989 see Windekens, Albert Joris Vanzan, Anna, born 16 November 1955 at Venezia, she studied at Venezia and received a Ph.D. in 1990 from New York University. She carried on field-work in Iran on Qajar history and literature as well as history of medicine. She was a member of MESA and the International School of Neurological Sciences, Venezia. Private Vaporis, Nomikos Michael, born 20 July 1926 on Kalymnos, Dodecanese, he graduated in 1948 from Youngstown University and received a Ph.D. in 1970 from Columbia University for The Controversy on the translation of the Scriptures into modern Greek and its effects, 1818-1843. Since 1965 he was a professor at Hellenic College, Brookline, Mass. DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; EVL, 1996/97; WhoRel, 1975, 1977 Varela Hervias, Eulogio, born in 1897, he gained a doctorate and became an archivist; he was a sometime director of the Madrid municipal periodical library. His writings include Un aspecto de la Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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labor cultural del Ayuntamiento de Madrid (1949), and Espiritu de los mejores diarios literarios que se publican en Europa (1966). He died in 1972. LC; WhoSpain, 1963

Vari, Rezso (Rudolf Weiss), born 5 December 1867 at Buda, Hungary, he gained a doctorate and was since 1897 a lecturer at Budapest. In 1907 he was appointed a professor; he was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Science. His writings include Incerti scriptoris Byzantini saeculi X Liber de re militare (Leipzig, 1901), and A classica-philologia encyclopediaja (Budapest, 1906). He died in 1940. GeistigeUng; Kereszteny Magyar kozeleti almanach, 1940

de Varigny, Charles Victor Crosnier, 1829-1899 see Crosnier de Varigny, Charles Victor de Varigny, Henry, 1855- see Crosnier de Varigny, Charles Auguste Hippolyte Henry

Varkonyi, Agnes nee Ruttkay, born 9 February 1928 at Salg6tarjan, Hungary, she gained a doctorate in history and became a section head at the Institute for Historical Studies in the Hungarian Academy of Science. Her writings include A magyar cimer utja (1957), Thaly Kalman es tortenetirasa (1961), Torok Vilag es magyar kulpolitika (1975), Erdelyi valtozasok; az erdelyi fejedelemseg a torok kiuzesene« koreben, 1660-1711 (1984), and Regi erdelyi viseletek (1990). On her seventieth birthday she was honoured by R. Varkonyi Agnes emtekkonyv; szuletesenek 70. evfordul6ja unnepere (1998). MagyarNKK, 1990-2000

Varneck (Varnec), Elena (Helena) Mrs. Donat C. Kazarinoff, born 19th cent., she travelled extensively in Russia and neighbouring countries. She emigrated to the United States in 1917 after the revolution in Russia. She was a translator of Russian works as well as joint author of The Testimony of Kolchak and other Siberian materials (1935). Her trace is lost after a publication in 1943. Note di Varthema, Ludovico, born in 1465 at Bologna, he was a traveller and writer, and perhaps a soldier before beginning his distant travels. It was at the end of 1502 that he left Venezia and after a short visit to Egypt, arrived the following spring in Damascus, where he managed to get himself enrolled in the Mamluk forces - doubtless after adopting Islam. From Damascus he made the pilgrimage as one of the Mamluk escort of the hajj caravan. With the view of reaching India, he embarked at Jiddah and sailed to Aden. After an extensive tour in south-west Arabia, he took ship at Aden for the Persian Gulf and India. In the subsequent years he criss-crossed India, Persia, and South Asia until he finally left India for Europe by the Cape route. His work, Itinerario de Ludouico de Varthema Bolognese was first published in Italian at Roma in 1510. It has been published in many editions and translations ever since. He died in 1517. AnaBrit; Bidwell; EncBrit; Encltaliana; Imperatori

Vary, Hermann, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1957 from the Unlversitat Graz for Die Bauten und Feldzuge Assurbanipals, Konigs von Assyrien. He was a sometime editor of Materialia Turcica, and a joint author of Gazetove kezss) (1967). GV Vasary, Istvan, born 4 May 1945 at Budapest, he was a historian and Turkologist whose writings include Az Arany Horda kancellariaja (1987). MagyarNKK,1992-2000 Vaschide, Nicolaie (Nicolas), born in 1874 at Buzau, Walachia, he was a psychiatrist and psychologist who resided in France. His writings include Les Hallucinations telepathiques (1908). He died in 1907. MicDcEnc; WhoRom

Vashits (Vashitz), Yosef, born Joseph Waschitz 29 December 1910 at Hamburg, he studied at the Universltat Berlin. He was a correspondent on Arab affairs for al-Hamishmar from 1943 to 1953. He subsequently was a director, Center for Arab, African and Asian Studies, Givat Haviva; a member of the editorial board of New outlook, as well as the Israeli Oriental Society; and a member of the Mapam Department for Arab Affairs. His writings include ha-'Arvim be-Erest-Yisra'el (1947), and 'Olemem shel ha-Bedvim (1976). LC; Wholsrael, 1952-1966/67; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978 Vasic, Milan, born 19 December 1928 at Pecka (Nova Paka), Bohemia, he received a doctorate in 1963 at Sarajevo for Martolosi u jugoslovenskim zemljama vladavinom. He was later appointed a professor at the Filizofskog Fakulteta u Sarajevu. He jointly edited Jugoslavenske zemlje pod turkskom vtescu (1962). JugoslSa, 1970 Vasic, Pavle C., born in 1907, he received a doctorate in 1956 from Beograd University for )f{uaom u oeno Anecmece Joeenoeuhe. He became a professor of fine art at his alma mater. His writings include Odelo i oruzje (1964), YHucPopMe conse aojKe 1808-1918 (1980), and he edited A36yKoaUL(a (1985). Ko je ko, 1957 de Vasconcellos-Abreu, Guilherme, 1842-1907 see Abreu, Guilherme de Vasconcellos

Vasiliev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, born 22 September (5 October) 1867 at St. Petersburg, he was invited in 1925 to teach Byzantine studies at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, where he became Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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the initiator of this discipline in the United States. He remained there until his retirement. In 1946, he be-came a senior scholar at Dumbarton Oaks. His writings include History of the Byzantine Empire (1928-1929), its translations, Histoire de I'Empire byzantine (1932), Bizans imperatorlugu tarihi (1943), and Historia del Imperio Bizantino (1946); as well as BU3aHmifl u apa6bl (1900-2), and its translation, Byzance et les arabes (1935); and The Russian attack on Constantinople in 860 (1946). He died 30 May 1953. Byzantion 22 (1952), pp. 526-531; DAB, 55; Krachkovskii; WhAm, 5 Vasil'ev, Aleksandr Ivanovich, born 20th cent., he wrote conocmeeumensnen dionemue« pyccxoeo u «upeuscxoeo fl3blKoa (1968), Ononeu (1976), and he edited Iluneeucmueceue ocnoeu 06YlleHufl pyCCKOMy fl3blKa (1982). LC Vasil'ev, Aleksei Mikhailovich, born 26 April 1939 at Leningrad, he received his first degree with a thesis entitled «Baxxa6u3M U nepeoe eocyoepcmeo Cayouooa a Apaauu, 1744/45-1818 ae,» and a doctorate in 1980 for 3aonlOu,ufl couuensno-nonumuuecxoii cmpyKmypbl CayooacKou Apeeuu, 17451973. He was since 1983 affiliated with the African Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science, and since 1992 its director. His writings include nypumaHe McnaMa? (1967), and 15u6nuoapac/Jufl ceyooeCKOU Apaauu (1983). Miliband 2 Vasil'ev, Dmitrii Dmitrievich, born 11 October 1946 at Moscow, he graduated in 1971 from the Institute of Oriental Languages, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1979 for rpac/JuliecKuu c/JOHO neunmnusoe mlOpKcKoU pyHUKU esuemceoeo apeana. Since 1966 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include rpac/JuliecKuu c/JOHO nennmnuxoe mtooecmsot: pYHuliecKou nuceuennocmu esuemcsoeo apeana (1983), and Kopnyc mooxcxux pvnulIeCKUX neunmnueoe6acceuHaEHucefl (1983). Miliband 2 ; 5choeberlein Vasil'ev, P. S., born 19th cent., his writings include Axen» TeKKuHcKUU oa3UC, eeo npownoe U necmosuuee (St. Petersburg, 1888), and cyeopoe (St. Petersburg, 1900). NUC, pre-1956 Vasil'eva, Evelina Karlovna, born 20th cent., she gained a doctorate and was appointed a professor. Her writings include Couuenuto-sxonouuvecxe« cmovsmyoe necenenus CCCP (1978), and she was joint author of coeoeuennue smnineceue npoueccu e LfyaawcKou ACCP (1984). LC Vasil'eva, Evgeniia lI'inichna, born 22 January 1935 in Leningrad Oblast, she graduated in 1958 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and received her first degree for XpoHuKa MbH MyxaMMaoa «Tapux-u oaHU ApoanaH.» Since 1958 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy, Leningrad. Her writings include lOao-aocmollHblu KypoucmaH a XVII - neuene XIX ee.; ollepKu ucmopuu 3Mupamoa ApoenaH u oa6aH (1991), and she translated from the Persian, Wapac/J-HaMe (1967-76), and XpoHuKa oOMa ApoanaH (1990). Miliband 2 Vasil'eva, Galina Petrovna, born 9 June 1920 at Krasnodar, Russia, she became affiliated with the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include Itpe06pa30aaHue 6blma u smnuuecsue npoueccu a ceeepnon TypKMeHucmaHe (1969), and she edited 3mHoapac/JuliecKue ollepKu y36eKcKoao cenecxoeo necenenun (1969), and she was joint editor of Hoeoe U mpeouuuounoe a 6blmy mypKMeHcKou ceneceot) ceuu: (1989). 5choeberlein Vasil'eva, Liudmila Aleksandrovna, born 23 May 1942 at Omsk, she graduated in 1965 from the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, and received her first degree in 1987 for Anmed: XyceilH Xanu6, OCHoaOnOnO>KHUK noeoti n033UU ypoy. Since 1989 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. Miliband 2 Vas iii , Paul, Comte, pseudonym. The studies on society at the courts of Europe (La Societe de Berlin, La Societe de Londres, etc.) originally published in the Nouvelle revue, and later (1884, etc.) in book form, under the name "Cornte Paul Vasili" were generally attributed to Madame Juliette Adam. (cf. Vapereau, 1893) The authorship, in part, of La Societe de Rome and La Societe de Paris has also been ascribed to Henri Durand-Morimbeau, known under the pseudonym Henri des Houx. More recently these and other works have been accredited with strong probability to Elie de Cyon (Elias Zion) with the exception of La Societe de Berlin which is assigned to Auguste Gerard. (cf. "Tale of court life far from reliable" in the Washington post, 1 December 1913, p. 6, col. 4) - In 1914 appeared Behind the veil at the Russian court, and France from behind the veil by Count Paul Vassili [sic]; in 1918 followed Confessions of the Czarina by Count Paul Vasilli, author of Behind the veil at the Russian court, La Societe de Berlin; also in 1918, shortly after, Rasputin and the Russian revolution, by Princess Catherine Radziwill (Count Paul Vassili), author of Behind the veil at the Russian court ... etc.; the dedication in Rasputin, to Jean Finot, is signed "Catherine Radziwill (Catherine Kolb-Danvin [her present name]). In the Introduction to the Confessions of the Czarina the Princess, under the name Paul Vassili assumes the authorship of La Societe de Berlin sent in the form of letters to Madame Juilette Adam, and published in the Nouvelle revue ... "Poor Mr. Gerard," she writes was accused II •••

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of being the author of this book, an accusation ... from which I am happy to relieve him. The success of La Societe de Berlin induced Madame Adam to publish other letters in the same style, devoted to other European capitals, with which, however, I had nothing to do, except those dealing with St. Petersburg life. The pseudonym of Count Paul Vassili remained a kind of public property divided between the Nouvelle revue and my poor self..." (From the National union catalog, pre-1956) The author is entered under various forms, with or without references, in reference works. BiD&SB; Bioln, 2, 8; Curinier; Encyclopeadia of continental women writers (1991) IndexBFr2 (5); Vapereau

Vasmer, Max, born 28 February 1886 at St. Petersburg, he studied history, Slavic and classical philologies at the University. He successively taught Slavic and comparative linguistics at St. Petersburg, Saratov, and Dorpat from 1912 to 1921, when he was invited to a chair at the Universitat Leipzig. In 1925 he succeeded Alexander Bruckner at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat, Berlin, a post which he held to his death, interrupted only by a visiting professorship 1938/39 at Columbia University, and a call to Stockholm from 1947 to 1949. His writings include Studien zur albanesischen Wortforschung (1921), and Die Slaven in Griechenland (1941). He died in Berlin, 30 November 1962. Baltisch (1); DtBE; KOrschner, 1925-1961; SOdost-Forschungen 21 (1962), pp. 402-406; WhE&EA

Vasmer, Richard R., 1888-1936 see Fasmer, Richard Richardovich Vass, Elod, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with Kalocsa Museum. His writings include Kalosca kornyekenek torok kori edoosszelrese! (1980), and he edited Magyar Orszagos Leveltar (1988). LC Vassal, Pierre Antoine Gaspard, born 14 July 1924 at Charleville (Ardennes), he studied medicine at Paris, Nancy and Oslo. He was since 1956 a professor at l'Ecole d'anthropologie, and since 1959 a secretary-general of the Centre d'etudes anthropotechniques. His writings include Les Asymetries faciales (1953). BN; WhoFr, 1967/68-1997/981 Vasse, Denis, born 20th cent., he was a Jesuit Father whose writings include Le Temps du desir (1969), Le Poids du reel, la souffrance (1983), L'Autre du desir et Ie Dieu de la foi (1991), and L'Ombilic et la voix (1999). BN; LC Vassel, Eusebe, born 19th cent., he was a writer on Punic archaeology and a sometime president of the Institut de Carthage as well as a member of the Chambre consultative d'Agriculture de Tunisie. His writings include Les Phosphates tunisiens (1897), and La Litterature populaire des Israelites tunisiens (1904-1907). His trace is lost after a publication in 1925. BN; Note about the author Vassel, Philippe, born of French extraction on 26 August 1873 at Berlin, he graduated from the local Franzoslsches Gymnasium, and studied law and political science at Freiburg im Breisgau, Berlin, and Rostock, where he received a Dr.jur. in 1896 for his thesis entitled Die Transportfunktion des Indossaments nach Reichsrecht. Having also gained in 1894 a diploma in classical and Moroccan Arabic at Berlin, he entered in 1896 the German foreign service at the legation in Tanger as a dragoman and remained there until the Agadir crisis of 1911, when he was recalled to Berlin. Until the end of the first World War he served in the Near and Middle East. Although in retirement since 1928, he was appointed in 1941 consul-general at the German "embassy" in Paris. Since 1945 he lived in retirement at Bunde, Westphalia, where he died on 19 December 1951. Hommes et destins, vol 7, pp. 470-471 Vast, Henri, born in 1847, he received a doctorate in 1878 from the Universite de Paris for De vita et operibus Jani Lascaris. His writings include L'Algerie et les colonies irencetses (1901), and La Plus grande France; bilan de la France coloniale (1909). He died in 1921. NUC, pre-1956 Vasundhara Mohan, born 20th cent., she was from 1981 to 1984 a junior research fellow at the South Asian Studies Centre, University of Rajasthan. After receiving her Ph.D. in 1984, she was a professor at the Centre of Soviet Studies, Bombay University. Her writings include Muslims in Sri Lanka (1985). Vater, Johann Severin, born 27 May 1771 at Altenburg, Thuringia, he studied theology, philosophy, Oriental and classical philology at Jena and Halle, receiving doctorates at both universities. Except for ten years spent at Konigsberg, he served the rest of his life as a professor as well as librarian at the Universitat Halle. His writings include Handbuch der hebrelscnen, syrischen, cnetoetsonen und arabischen Grammatik (1802), and Grammatik der heoreiscnen Sprache (1807). He died in Halle, 15 March 1826. ADtB, vol. 39, pp. 503-508; DcBiPP; DtBE; DtBilnd (18) Vatikiotis, Panayiotis Jerasimof, born 5 February 1928 at Jerusalem, he received a Ph.D. in 1954 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., with a thesis entitled The syncretic origins of the Fatimid theory of the state. He was successively a professor of government at Indiana University, Bloomington, and a professor of politics at SOAS, where he also served as chairman of the Centre for Middle Eastern Studies from 1966 to 1969. His writings include Politics and the military in Jordan (1967), The Modern history of Egypt (1969), Islam and the state (1987), and Among Arabs and Jews; a personal Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

571 experience, 1936-1990 (1991). In 1993 he was honoured by Contemporary Egypt through Egyptians eyes; essays in honour of P. I. Vatikiotis. He died 15 December 1997. ConAu 13-16, new rev. 6, 28; EVL, 1993/94; IntAu&W, 1982, 1986, 1989; IntWW,1989-1997/98; Selim; WhoWor, 1998/99; WrOr, 1976/78-1996/98

Valin, Fernand Charles Eugene, born 19th cent., he wrote Les Chemins de fer en Tunisie (1905), Etude sur Ie cheval arabe dans Ie nord de I'Afrique (1909), Les Souks de Tunis (1910), Une Mise au point; la verite sur Fecnods (1923), and La Sardaigne (1927). His trace is lost after a publication in 1931. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Vatin, Jean Claude, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1975 from the Universlte de Grenoble II with a thesis entitled These sur travaux: I'Algerie coloniale; elements d'analyse politique. He was successively affiliated with the Faculte de droit d'Alger, C.N.R.S., and Princeton University. His writings include L'Algerie politique (1974), he was joint author of L'Algerie des anthropologues (1975), and he was joint editor of La Consideration (1998). LC; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; THESAM,2 Vatolina, Lidiia Nikolaevna, born in 1901 at Petrograd, she graduated in 1926 from the Moscow Oriental Institute, and received her first degree in 1946 with a thesis entitled Eaunem - 6a3a 6pumaHcKoao unnepuenusue. Her writings include CoapeMeHHble Eaunem (1949), and 3KoHoMuKa 06beauHeHHou Apa6cKou Pecnytinuku (1962). She died 17 September 1969. Miliband; Miliband 2 Vatter, Arnold, born 14 June 1903 at Ludwigsburg, Germany, he was a sometime professor at Berufspadaqoqische Hochschule, Stuttgart. His writings include Spinnstoffkunde (1940), and Textilkunde (1950). He died in Ludwigsburg, 10 February 1988. KOrschner, 1983-1987 Vattier, Joseph, born 23 November 1884 at Lisieux (Calvados), he received a doctorate in 1910 from the Faculte de droit de Caen for Le "Homestead" en France. He was a sometime barrister at the Cour d'appel de Caen. His writings include Ames maghrebines (1921), and its translation, The Mirrors of Kainja, or, Souls of the Moors (1926). BN; Oursel Vattioni, Francesco, born 20th cent., he was a Biblical scholar whose writings include Le iscrizioni di Hatra (Napoli, Istituto Orientale, 1981), Per if testo di Giobbe (1996), and he edited Ecclesiastico (1968). LC de Vaucelles, Pierre Louis Joseph, Comte, born 13 February 1907 at Paris, he was educated at Ecole Fenelon, Lycee Condorcet, Institut catholique de Paris, and he received a doctorat es lettres and agregation d'histoire. He entered the French foreign service in 1932. IntWW, 1973/74-1977/78; WhoFr, 1955/56-1973/741

Vaucher, Georges, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1916 from the Universite de Neuchatel for Les Droits de preemption, d'emption et de remere, and a docteur es lettres in 1925 from the Faculte des lettres de Paris for La Langage affective et les jugements de valeur, la valeur affective des mots. In 1941 he was director for the Orient at the insurance company "La Genevoise," in Cairo. For over twenty-three years, he was a member of the Societe Fouad ler d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. His writings include Note sur Ie regime moneteire et la circulation fiduciaire en Egypte (1932), and Gamal Abdel Nasseret son regime (1959-60). BN; Note; NUC, pre-1956 Vaucher, Robert, pseudonym, born Roger Lantenay on 17 February 1890, he graduated in law and economics from the Universlte de Neuchatel, He served in 1909 as a professor of commercial subjects at Constantinople; he later became a journalist and correspondent. In 1922 he was a special correspondent for Petit Parisien in Turkey. He was a somtime director of the European service of the Egyptian daily al-Ahram. His writings include Constantin dethrone; les evenements de Grece (1918), and Quand Ie mercnechei Peieln prend son baton de pelenn (Paris, 1941). NONC, 1966; WhoFr, 1953/541979/801

Vaudeville, Charlotte, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in 1955 from the Universite de Paris for Etude sur les sources et la composition du Ramayana de Tulsi-Das. She was affiliated with the Ecole francalse d'Extreme-Orient. Her writings include A Weaver named Kabir (1993). In 1991 she was honoured by Devotion divine; Bakhti traditions from the regions of India; studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. LC

Vaudoncourt, Guillaume de, 1772-1845 see Guillaume de Vaudoncourt, Frereric Francols Vaudoyer, Jean Louis, born 10 September 1883 at Plessis-Robinson, he was affiliated with the Musee des Arts decoratlfs and was a sometime curator at the Musee Carnavalet as well as administrateur of the Comedie Francaise. Since 1950 he was a member of the Acadernie Francalse, His writings include Campagne d'ltalie (1924). He died 20 May 1963. Bioln 5; OBFC, 1954/55; NONC, 1961/62, 1966; NYT 21 May 1963, p. 37, col. 5; Qui etes-vous, 1924; WhoFr, 1955/56-1963/64

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Vaughan, Hattie nee Buckley, born 14 March 1853, she was a member of women's missionary societies. Wo mWWA, 1914/15 de Vaumas, Etienne, born 1 May 1914 at Jouy-sur-Morin (Seine-et-Marne), he trained for the priesthood at the Grande Seminaire and concurrently pursued an interest in physical geography at the Sorbonne. Although he wrote much on French geography in his early years, after travels in the Middle East the centre of his researches changed to the Fertile Crescent and Cyprus. At the same time he served for many years as chaplain at the Maison Diocesaine des Etudiants de Paris. His writings include Le Liban; montagne libanais, Bekaa, Anti-Liban, Hermon, Haute Galilee libanaise (Paris, 1954). He died in Paris, 20 November 1974. Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 472-473

Vauthier, Gabriel Marie Francois, born 19th cent., he received doctorates in 1886 from the Faculte des lettres de Paris for his theses, De Buchanani vita et scriptis, and Essai sur la vie et les ceuvres de Nepomucene Lemiercier. His writings include Villemain, 1790-1870; essai sur sa vie, son role et ses ouvrages (1913). His trace is lost after a publication in 1927. BN; NUC, pre-1956 de Vaux, Roland Guerin, born 17 December 1903 at Paris, he was a Catholic ecclesiastic, archaeologist and a Biblical scholar whose wrings include Notes et textes sur I'avicennisme latin aux confins des Vlle-Xllle stecies (1934), and Fouilles a Qaryet el-IEnab Abu Gosh, Palestine (1950). He died 10 September 1971. Bioln (2); NYT 13 September 1971, p. 40, col. 2; WhoArab, 1981/82; WhoFr, 1963/64-1971/72

Vaux, William Sandys Wright, born in 1818, he was a graduate of Balliol College, Oxford, and entered the British Museum service, London, in 1841. From 1861 to 1879 he was keeper of coins and medals. He was also a president of the Numismatic Society, 1855-1874. His writings include Ancient history from the monuments; Persia from its earliest period to the Arab conquest (1875), and Ancient history from the monuments; Greek cities and islands of Asia Minor (1877). He died in 1885. Boase; Britlnd (2); OcBiPP; ONB

Vaux Phalipau, Marie, Mme. Amedee Phalipau (Barbet de Vaux), her writings include Sur les pistes de I'Asie centrale (Paris, 1933), and Les Chevaux merveilleux dans I'histoire, la legende, les contes populaires (Paris, 1939). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Vavilov, Viacheslav Viktorovich, born 26 October 1937 in Leningrad Oblast, he graduated in 1962 from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent, and received his first degree in 1968 with a thesis entitled Cou,uanbHo-3KOHOMUlJeCKUe npeotipesoeenu« a Cupuu u pa60lJuu «necc, 1958-1965. His writings include Cou,uanbHo-3KOHOMUlJeCKUe npeotioesoeenu« a Cupuu u pa60lJuu «necc, 1946-1970 ee. (1972)., and he was joint author of CUpUFI (1975), and couccxe» Apa6cKafi Pecny6nuKa (1981). Miliband; Miliband 2

Vavouskos (Babouskos), Konstantinos Anastasiou, born 18 Nobemer 1921 at Drama, Macedonia, he studied law at Thessaloniki and Paris, where he received a doctorate in law. He practised at Thessaloniki and was concurrently affiliated with international institutions, also serving as a visiting professor professor of history. His writings include H rrapc1A~/tp/~ ox; ('1/JIOYOVOV y~yovo~ ~/~ ta aOIKJ1/Jara tou AorlKou 1J.IKaiou (1954), Krr1o/~ KlpIOr'1rO~ KIV'1rWV rrpaY/Jc1/Jc1rwv ttap« /J'1 Kupiou Kal ttoootoota aurr1~ (1956), Z'1rr1/Jara ~K r'1~ ~( aOlaetrou olaOOXJ1~ tou AorlKou KoolKo~ (1961), Die Beitrage des Griechentums von Pelagonien zur Geschichte des neueren Griechenlands (1963), Greek Macedonia's struggle for freedom (Thessaloniki, 1973), and E/JrrpaY/Jarov olaKalov (1986). EVL, 1993/94-2001; Hellenikon, 1965

Vay, Peter, grof (Graf Vay von Vaye und zu Luskod), born 26 September 1864 at Gyon, Hungary, he wrote Erinnerungen an die ostasiatischen Kaiserreiche und Kaiser (1906), and Kelet cseszsrei es ceszerseqei (Budapest, 1906). He died in Assisi, Italy, 28 February 1948. MEL, 1967-69 Vayrynen, Raimo Veikko Antero, born 17 April 1947 at Kiuruvesi, Finland, he was a professor at Helsinki. His writings include Conflicts in Finnsh-Soviet relations (1972), and he was joint editor of Militarization and arms production (1981), and The Quest for peace (1987). Vem och vad, 1992, 1996 Vaysettes, Eugene, born in 1826, he wrote Systeme legal des poids et mesures, traduit en arabe (Alger, 1858), Trois mois sous la tente et regeneration du peuple arabe par /'instruction (Alger, 1859), and Sauvons les Maronites par I'Algerie et pour I'Algerie (Alger, 1860). NUC, pre-1956 Vayssie, Georges, born 19th cent., he was in 1915 a directeur general of the Agence Havas en Orient. Note about the author

Vayssieres, Jean Alexandre, born in 1817 at Espalion (Aveyron), he was a military officer in Egypt who turned to trading after resigning from the services. He made an archaeological tour to Arabia, with T. J. Arnaud, and then turned to big game hunting on the Upper Nile. His writings include Souvenirs d'un voyage en Abyssinie (Paris, 1857). He died in Espalion in 1861. BN; Hill; NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Vazquez de Benito, Marfa de la Concepcion, born 20th cent., she was a professor in the Universidad de Salamanca, specializing in Arabic medicine and Hispano-Arabic lexicograph; she also served as a dean of the Facultad de Filologfa in the University. Her writings include the edition and translation of Libro de la introducci6n al arte de la medicina 0 ((isagoge (1979), and Libro del cuidado de la salud durante las estaciones del eno, 0, "Ubro de higiene(( (1984). Arabismo,1992-1997; EURAMES,1993; LC U

Vazquez de Parga Iglesias, Luis, born 21 February 1908 at Madrid, he was a graduate of the Colegio de Dames de Saint Maur, and received a doctorate in history from the Universidad Central. He became affiliated with the Museo Arqueol6gico Nacional. His writings include La divisi6n de Wamba (Madrid, 1943), Las peregrinaciones a Santiago de Compostela (1948), and Textos hist6ricos en latin medieval, siglos VIII-XIII (Madrid, 1952). IndiceE3(1) Vdovichenko, Dmitrii Ivanovich, born 28 September 1919 in Uzbekistan, he graduated in 1942 from Sartov State University and received his first degree in 1955 for Bnympunonumuuecues: 60pb6a e nocneeoennoti Typuuu u 06pa30eaHue «oeMoKpamu4ecKou napmuu,» 1945-1947 ee. His writings include Ha~uoHanbHafi 6yp)f(ya3ufl Typuuu (1962), and 50pb6a nonumuuecsux neomuti e Typuuu, 1944-1965 aa (1967). Miliband2 Veber, Gyula, born 25 August 1929 at Kapoly, Hungary, he graduated at Budapest and subsequently studied Arabic and Islamics at Nijmegen, the Nehterlands, where he began a teaching career in 1957. His writings include Ungarische Elemente in der Opernmusik Ferenc Erkels (1976), a work which was translated from the Dutch typescript and originally presented as his thesis; he also edited Aspekten van het muziekleven in Nora-tielie, Zuid-Duitsland en Oosterrijk (1981). Brinkman's, 1981-1985; IntWWM , 1980, 1985

Veccia Scavalli Varglien Vaglieri, Laura, born 1 August 1893 at Roma, she pursued Oriental studies under Ignazio Guidi at the Universita di Roma and became affiliated with the Istituto Orientale di Napoli. Her writings include Grammatica elementare di arabo (1940), Islam (1946), the translations, Apologie des Islam (1948), and An Interpretation of Islam, 3rd ed. (1980). She died 19 August 1988. Chi e, 1957; Islam; storia e civilta 32/9 iii (1990), pp. 165-169,229,231; Vaccaro

Vees, Nikos Athanasiou, 1882-1958 see Bees, Nikos Athanasiou de Vega, Luis Antonio, born 24 May 1900 at Bilbao, he was a graduate of Jalifiana Academia de Arabe y Bereber and in 1926 appointed a director of Escuelas Arabes de Larache and in 1934 to the same post at Tetuan. He was a journalist, novelist, and editor of the weekly Domingo; his writings include Por el camino de los dromedarios (1942), Espfas sobre el mapa Africa (1943), and Almanzor (1946). IndiceE3 (4)

de la Vega Navarro, Angel, born 20th cent., he wrote La planificaci6n en economfas capitalistas; la experienca francesa (Mexico, 1986), and La evoluci6n del componente petrolero en el desarrollo y la transici6n de Mexico (Mexico, 1999). LC Vegh, Jeno, fl. 1922, he wrote several Research documents on agriculture for the National Committee for a Free Europe, Mid-European Studies Center in the 1950s. NUC, pre-1956 Veimarn, Boris Vladimirovich, born in 1909 at Sevastopol, he graduated in 1930 in literature and art from Moscow State University, receiving a doctorate in 1968 for his thesis, UCKyccmeo Bnuxneeo u cpeoneeo Bocmose. His writings include UCKyccmeo CpeoHeu A3UU (1940), Peeucmen e Ceuei» KaHoe (1946); and he was joint author of UCKyccmeo coeemcxoeo Y36eKucmaHa (1960). He died on 23 April 1990. Great Sviet encyclopedia; LC; Miliband; Miliband2 ; Who's who in the Socialist countries, 1978 Veinstein, Gilles, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with l'I~cole des Hautes etudes en sciences sociales. His writings include Salonique, 1850-1918, la (Ville des Juifs(( et Ie revelt des Balkans (1992); he was joint author of L'Empire ottoman et les pays roumains, 1544-1545 (1987); he translated from the Turkish of Yirmisekiz Mehmed Celebi, Le Paradis des infideles (1981); he edited Les Ottomans et la mort; permanences et mutations (1996); and he was joint editor of Les Ordres mystiques dans /'islam (1986). LC Veit, Friedrich, born 3 March 1871 at Sternenfeld, WQrttemberg, he suffered from a heart disease since his youth and was obliged to interrupt high school for two yeras. It was already at this time that he displayed an aptitude for languages; he taught himself Hebrew, Arabic, Persian and Turkish. From 1891 to 1899 he studied at StraBburg and Gottingen. Thereafter he resided mainly at Tubinqen but at the same time travelling extensively, not only in Europe but also in North Africa and the Near East. From 1907 to his premature death on 13 May 1913 he lived in Tublnqen, where he had also received his Dr.phil. in 1908 for Platens Nachbildungen aus dem Diwan des Hafis. derlslam4 (1913), pp. 300-301

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Veit, Winfried, born 20th cent., he wrote Innere und eutsere Faktoren der Auf3enpolitik Guineas und der Elfenbeinkuste (1972), Nationale Emanzipation: Entwicklungsstrategie und Auf3enpolitik in Tropisch-Afrika (1978), Das Shah-Syndrom (1981), Linke Realpolitik; Frankreichs Auf3enpolitik (1984); and he edited Local administration; democracy versus efficiency: experiences and proposals, with special reference to Turkey (1982). Vekilov, Afrasiiab Pashaevich, born 28 February 1920 at Baku, he graduated in 1952 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and since 1958 was a affiliated with his alma mater. He jointly wrote, with A. A. ZHdanova, Type~KaR ouenekmonoeue (1973), and he was joint editor of Itosmu A3ep6aClo)f(aHa (1970). Miliband 2 Velazquez Basanta, Fernando, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in Semitic philology, specializing in poesfa arabigo-andaluza. He was a professor of Arabic and Islamic studies at the Facultad de Filosofra y Letras de Cadiz, a post which he still held in 1998. He was joint editor of Estudios de la Universidad de Cadiz ofrecidos a la memoria del profesor Braulio Justel Calabozo (1998). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; LC

van de Velde, Carel Willem Meredith, born in 1818, he was a landscape artist whose writings include Gezigten uit Neettends India (1845), Reis door Syrie en Palestina in 1851 en 1852 (1854) and its translations, Narrative of a journey through Syria and Palestine (1854), and Reise durch Syrien und Palastina (1855-61). He died in Besancon, 20 March 1898. BiBenelux (1); NUC, pre-1956

Velho Alcoforado de Barbosa e Sotomayor, Martim, born 20th cent., he received a law degree from the Universidade de Coimbra, and he was a member of the Union Europeenne d'Arabisants et d'isiamisants. His writings include Estudios criticos sobre a batalha de Ourique (Lisboa, 1989). LC Vel'iaminov-Zernov, Vladimir Vladimirovich, born 31 October 1830 at St. Petersburg, he was a linguist, numismatist and historian. His writings include nscneooeente 0 Kecuuoeckux ~apRx u uepeeuuex (1863-87), and Meterieu« pour servir a I'histoire du khanat de Ctimee (1964), and he edited Sharaf ai-Din Bidlisi, Scheref-nameh (1860-62), and Dictionnaire djaghatar-turc (1869). He died in Kiev on 17 January 1904. BiobibSOT; GSE; TatarES; Wieczynski, vol. 42, pp. 7-8 Velichi, Constantin N., 1910- see Veliki, Konstantin Nikola Veliev, Ali Gara oglu, 1901- see Vallle, Ali Gara oglu Velikhanova, Nailia Mamedali kyzy, born 25 December 1940 at Baku, she graduated in 1963 from the Oriental Faculty, Baku, where she received her first degree in 1968 for CaeoeHuR apa6cKux eeoeptupoe-nymetuecmeennuxoe IX-XII Be. 06 A3ep6aClo)f(aHe. She became affiliated with Oriental Institute of the Azerbaijan Academy of Science. She edited Ibn Khurradadhbih, Knuee nymeCl u cmpen (1986). Miliband 2 Veliki (Velichi), Konstantin Nikola, born in 1912, he was a journalist, literary critic and historian, and, from 1945 to 1954, affiliated with Sofia University. His writings include Mi§carile revolutionare de la Braila din 1841-1843 (Bucuresti, 1958), La Contribution de I'emigration bulgare de Valachie a la renaissance politique et culturelle du peuple bulgare, 1762-1850 (Bucarest, 1970), Curs de istoria moderna a Bulgarici (Bucuresti, 1974), its translation, noo sneuemo Ha ceotiome (Sofia, 1976), and he was joint author of 5bnaapcKama evuepeuu» aba Bnexu» cneo pycso-mypcxeme eoone, 1828-1829 (Sofia, 1980). EnBulg; LC Velikov, Stefan, born in 1924, he wrote Koncmenmun Wynea (1952), KeManucmKama peeomouue u 6bnaapcKama otnumecmeenoom, 1918-1922 (Sofia, 1966), and its Turkish translation, Kemalist ihtilal ve Bulgaristan (Sofia, 1969). LC Velkov, Asparouch (Asparukhi), born 20th cent., he was joint author of BOOHU sneuu a OCMaHomypcsume oOKyMeHmu (Sofia, 1983), and Situation demographique de la peninsute balkanique, fin du XVe siecle - debut du XVle siecle (Sofia, 1988). LC Vella, Andrew Paul, born 10 February 1918, he was ordained a Dominican priest on 21 October 1940 and subsequently studied philosophy and theology. He was a British Council scholar at Oxford, where he gained a B.A., specializing in medieval history. His writings include An Elizabethan-Ottoman conspiracy (1972), and Malta and the czars; diplomatic relations between the Order of Sf. John and Russia, 1697-1802 (1972). LC; Mifsud, p. 516 Vellay, Charles, born in 1876, he wrote L'irredenitsme hellenique (1913), Le Probleme mediterreneen (1913), its translation, Anatolunun istikbali ve Akdeniz me'selesi (1329/1913), La Guerre europeenne et la question de I'Adriatique (1915), Dans I'enfer bulgare (1919), and Les Legendes du cycle troyen (1957). He died in 1953. NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Velo y Nieto, Gervasio, born in 1912 at Perales del Puerto (Caceres), he studied law at Salamanca, and philosophy and letters at Madrid, gaining doctorates in 1942 and 1946. He was a barrister and a sometime inspector central of the Madrid postal service. His writings include Escaramuzas en la frontera cecerene (1952), and Historia, romances y leyendas de la Transierra (1953). Figuras de hoy, 1956 Veloudis, Giorgos (George) Athanasiou, born 7 April 1935 at Athens, he was a classicist and a lecturer in Greek at the Universitat MOnchen from 1968 to 1985, when he accepted a post at loannina (Epirus). His writings include tlootaouc; OEKaTTtvTE ypaIJIJaToAoYIKt~ OOKIIJt~ (1981), Avatpopt~; 'E(,., VEOEAA"'VIKt~ IJEAtTE~ (1983), Germanograecia; deutsche Einflusse auf die neugriechische Literatur (1983), and Mova-(uya; otKa VEOEAA,.,vIKa IJEAETfJIJaTa (1992). EVL, 1993/94, 1996/97 Velozo (Veloso), Francisco Jose de Abreu Fonseca, born in 1918, he wrote Oestrymnis (1956), 0 homicidio no direito muculmeno (Braga, 1962), and Historia de Portugal (1984). LC Velten, Carl, born 4 September 1862 at Fluscherschen (Rhineland-Palatinate), he studied modern languages at Bonn and WOrzburg. From 1893 to 1896 he served in German East Africa as an interpreter for the governor. In the same year he received a Dr.phil. from the Universitat WOrzburg for his thesis entitled Kikami, die Sprache der Wakami. He subsequently held the chair of Suaheli and Herero at the Seminar fur Orientalische Sprachen in the Universltat Berlin until 1921. His writings include Sitten und Gebrauche der Suaheli (1903), Praktische Suaheli-Grammatik (1904), and Suaheli-Worterbuch (1910-1933). He died after 1935. AfrBiolnd (1); GV; IntOeAn; Kurschner, 1925-1935; Lexikon der Afrikanistik (1985)

Vel'tman, Mikhail Lazarevich, born in 1871 at Odessa, he was an Orientalist and a social democrat who spent ten years in France as an emigrant. From 1921 to 1927 he was chairman of the All-Russian Scientific Association and director of the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies. His writings, partially under the pseudonyms M. P. Pavlovich and M. P. Volonter, include Die okonomiscne Entwicklung und die Agrarfrage in Persien im XX. Jahrhundert (1921), The Foundations of imperialist policy; a course of lectures read to the Academy of the General Staff in 1918-1919 (London, 1922), MMnepuanu3M (1923), and Ilepcun e 60pb6e se He3aBUCUMocmb (1925). He died in Moscow in 1927. GSE; Miliband; Miliband2 ; Wieczynski, vol. 42, pp. 12-15

Vel'tman, Salomon Lazarevich, born in 1886, he wrote 3aoallu KUHO Ha Bocmose (1927); he was joint author of 3noc coeemcxoeo Bocmoxe (Leningrad, 1930); and he edited Y36eKcKafi CCP Ha BcecotosnoiicenbCKOX03f1UCmBeHHou eucmeese (1940). NUC, pre-1956; NYPL Velu, Henri, born 13 April 1887 at Alligny (Nievre), he completed his medical study with a doctorate and subsequently spent twenty-five years as a veterinary in Morocco. In 1928 he was head of the Laboratoire de recherches du Service de l'elevage, Casablanca. Since 1934 he was a member of the Acadernie de medecine, Division de medecine vetertnaire, His writings include Notes de pathologie vetetineire marocaine (1919), Les Laines et I'elevage du mouton au Maroc (1928), and Vingt-cinq ans de recherches veterinelres au Maroc, 1913-1938 (1938). IndexBFr2 (1) Vendryes, Joseph Jean Baptiste Marie, born in 1875, he was a philologist. It was by way of Celtic that he came to study comparative Indo-European grammar. He was an honorary dean of the Faculte des lettres de Paris. His many writings include Le Langage; introductionlinguistique a I'histoire (1921), and its translation, Language; a linguistic introduction to history (1925). He died 30 January 1960. Bioln 5; Bulletin de la Societe Iinguistique de Paris 55 (1960), pp. 1-9, reprinted in PorLing, v. 2, pp.385-393; OBFC, 1954/55; Qui etes-vous, 1924; WhoFr, 1953/54-1957/58

Veniamin, Metropolitan of Kazan, 1706-1782 see Putsek-Grigorovich, Vasilii Grigor'evich Veniukov (Be-uosoa), Mikhail Ivanovich, born 23 June (5 July) 1832 at Nikitinskoe, Russia, he was a geographer, ethnographer, and a military who travelled in the Caucasus, 1861-63, in Turkey, 1874, and in North Africa in the latter part of the 19th century. He wrote OllepKu flnoHuu (1869), Pocci« u Bocmo« (1877), Die russisch-asiatischen Grenzlande (Leipzig, 1874), and Etudes geographiques (Paris, 1896). He died in Paris, 4 (17) JUly 1901. EnSlovar; GSE; Wieczynski, vol. 42, pp. 25-26 Ventre Pasha, F., born 19th cent., he was in 1903 affiliated with the Institut Egyptien. His writings include Hydrologie du bassin du Nil; essai sur la prevision des crues du f1euve (Le Caire, 1893). His trace is lost after a publication in 1910. BN Ventrone Vassallo, Giovanna, born 20th cent., she was affiliated with the Istituto universitario orientale, Napoli. She edited La ceramica medievale di San Lorenzo Maggiore in Napoli; atti (1984). LC Ventura, Alberto, fl. 1977. In 1981 he edited and translated Jami's La perla magnifica, and in 1982 he was joint author of Maometti in Europa; arabi e turchi in Occidente, 622-1922, of which French and German translations were published in 1983. LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Venture de Paradis, Jean Michel, born 8 May 1739 at Marseille, he was educated at College Louis-IeGrand and Ecole des langues orientales in Paris. From 1757 to 1763 he was at the Dragomanat de Constantinople. Subsequently he was in Sidon, Lebanon, and Cairo, from where he returned to Versailles in 1776. From 1779 to 1784 he was interprete-chancefier at the Consulat de France in Tunis. In the years until 1798 he held various diplomatic posts in the Near East, North Africa and at home, moving from one place to another almost annually. During the last year of his life he was intetpret« en chef de l'ermee d'Egypte. His writings include Grammaire et dictionnaire abrege de la langue berbere (1844), Alger au XVI/Ie siecle, edited by E. Fagnan (1898), La Zubda kachf al-mamafik de Khal1l azZahirl, ed. by J, Gaulmier (1950). He died from dysentery contracted at the siege of Saint-Jean-d'Acre while on his way back to Egypt, before 15 May 1799. Feraud, 22-25; Hommes et des tins VIII, pp. 473-474 Venukoff, M. I., 1832-1901 see Veniukov, Mikhaillvanovich Venzlaff, Helga (Uplegger) nee SchrOder, born 27 April 1935 at Jacobshagen, Pomerania, where she received her early education. She continued at a school for displaced persons in Denmark and completed her secondary education at Wismar. But in the midst of her final high school examinations she was dismissed from school for political reasons and had to go Koblenz to graduate (1954). She subsequently studied ethnology as well as Islamic and African subjects at Mainz, gaining a Dr.phil. in 1960 for Der sakrale FOrst auf Tahiti, Hawai und Tonga. Thereafter she was an academic assistant at the Seminar fur Orientkunde, Universltat Mainz, conducting field work in Morocco in 1964, 1965, and 1967 and gaining her Dr.habil. in 1977 for Der marokkanische Drogenhandler und seine Ware. Since 1974 she was a professor of Islamic studies at her alma mater. Her writings include Der islamische Rosenkranz (1985). KOrschner, 1976-2001; Note; Schwarz; Sezgin; Thesis Vera Fernandez de Cordoba, Francisco, born 26 (or 22) February 1888 at Alconchel (Badojoz), Spain, he studied at Madrid and Salamanca. Since 1944 he was resident in Argentina, where he became a professor of history of mathematics at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. His writings include Evoluci6n del pensamiento cientifico (1945), Breve historia de la metemetice (1946), La metemetice de los musulmanes espetiotes (1947), and Los judios espanoles y su contribuci6n a las ciencias exctas (1948). He died in 1967. IndiceE! (2); Quien es quien en la Argentina, 1950, 1958/59, 1963 Verbeke, Gerard, born 15 July 1910 at Waregem, Belgium, he served in the Universite Catholique de Louvain as a professor from 1942 to 1982, the last seventeen years of which also as dean of the Faculte de philosophie et lettres. His writings include L'Evolution de la doctrine du pneuma, du stoicisme a S. Augustin (1945), Kleanthes van Asoos (1949), Avicenna, Grundleger einer neuen Metaphysik (1983), and Moral education in Aristotle (1990). ConAu 131; LC Verbeken, Auguste, he wrote Petit cours de kiswahili pratique (1946), La Premiere treversee du Katanga en 1806 (1953), Contribution a la geographie historique du Katanga et de regions voisines (1954), and Msiri, roi du Garenganze; I'homme rouge du Katanga (1956). NUC, pre-1956 Vercauteren, Fernand Jean Alphonse, born 3 August 1903 at Ledeberg, he studied at Paris and Wien. He was a professor of history in the Universite de Liege. His writings include Etude sur les civitates de la Belgique seconde (1934), Luttes sociales a Liege, XI/Ie et XIVe stedes (1943), Etudes d'histoire medievele (1978), and he edited Actes des comtes de Flandre, 1071-1128 (1978). He died in Gent on 12 February 1979. NBN, vol. 2 (1990), pp. 383-384; Speculum 55 (1980), p. 649 Vercellin, Giorgio, born 23 August 1950, he completed his graduate studies in 1972 cum laude at the Universlta di Venezia, Ca' Foscari. He subsequently taught Islamic studies for two years at IsMEO, Roma, before he was appointed in 1993 a professor at the Departimento di Studi Eurasiatici in the Universita degli Studi di Venezia, teaching greater Iranian studies. His writings include Afghanistan, 1973-1978, dalla repubbfica presidenziale alia repubbfica democratica (1979), Crime de silencie et crime de tapage (1985), A guide to the "Documents from the nest of spies" (1986), /I Canone di Avicenna; fra Europa e Oriente nel primo Cinquecento (1991), Maometto (2000), Tra vefi e turbani; rituafi sociafi e vita privata nei mondi del/'islam (2000), and Venezia e I'origine della stampa in caratteri arabi (2001). Directory of BRISMES members, 1993; Private Vercoutre, Auguste Theophile, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1873 from the Universite de Paris for Etude sur les corps fibres intraperitonea ux. He was in 1918 a meaectn-mejor de tere classe. His writings include Identification du Silphium (Paris, 1908), and tneoites archeologiques, philosophiques et autres (1921-22). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Verdat, Marguerite, born 28 September 1893 at Vessey (SaOne-et-Loire), she served at Cluny (SaOneet-Loire) from 1914 to 1918 as a nurse. After brillant study at l'Ecole des Chartes, she joined in 1926 the Ministere de la France d'Outre-Mer as an archivist-palaeographer. She also served as a librarian

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at the Musee des Colonies. She was a writer of juvenile literature. She died in Issy-Ies-Moulineux on 27 September 1971. Homesetdestins, vol 1, pp. 609-610 Verdery, Richard Nesmith, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1967 from Princeton University for Abd ai-Rahman al-Jabarti as a source for Muhammad Ali's early years in Egypt. He was a sometime training consultant. In 1982 and 1990 he was a member of the Middle East Studies Association of North America. MESA Roster of members Verdier, Jean Maurice Charles Michel, born 23 June 1928 at Paris, he studied law and classics, and became a barrister at the Cour d'appel de Paris, and a professor of law in France, Tunisia and Algeria. The Faculte de droit de Paris awarded him the Prix de Faculte and the Prix Dupin atne, 1954, for his Les Droits eventuels; contribution a l'etuoe de la formation successive des droits (1955). He was joint author of Structures toncietes et oeveioppement rural au Maghreb (1969). WhoFr, 1977/78-2001/2002 Verdoorn, Johannes Adrianus, born in 1903, he received a doctorate in 1941 from the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden for Verloskundige hulp voor de inheemsche bevolking van Nederlandsch-Indie. His writings include De zending en het indonesisch nationalisme (1945), and Mars en aesculapius; opstellen over medische polemologie (1985). Brinkman's Verdugo, Claude, fl. 1958, he was architecte D.P.L.G., and an inspector of urbanism of Tanger Province. Note about the author Verdugo, Claude, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1985 from the Universite de Paris I with a thesis entitled L'Amenagement regional, l'emeneqement de la veuee du Ziz, Maroc. THESAM, 1 Vere-Hodge, Edward Reginald, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1950 from the Universite de Geneve for his thesis entitled Turkish foreign policy, 1918-1948. NUC, pre-1956; Schwarz Vereshchagin, Vasilii Vasil'evich, born in 1842 at Cherepovets, Russia, he was a painter, journalist and ethnologist. He chose a painting career over the navy and in 1874 declined a professorship at the Academy of Arts in order to remain free to travel and paint. He was an eyewitness to the conquest of Central Asia and the Russo-Turkish war. He died in Port Arthur, Manchuria in 1904. BiDMoPL; Bioln 9; EnSlovar; GSE; Nord und SOd 25 (1883), pp. 359-375; Wieczynski, vol. 42, p. 34

Verete , Mayir, born in 1915 in Russian Poland, he received an M.A. in 1945 from the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include From Palmerston to Balfour, collected essays edited by Norman Rose (1992). He died 12 July 1990. LC Veretennikov, Aleksandr Anatol'evich, born 7 January 1947 at Moscow, he graduated in 1971 from the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1986 for MHoaollneHHble eneeonunue C/Jpa3eonoau3Mbl B neocuocxov f13bIKe. His writings include OllepKu anaaonbHOU C/Jpa3eonoauu nepcuocxoeo f13blKa (1993). Miliband 2 Vergara-Caffarelli, Ernesto, born in 1907, he was a writer on North African archaeology. He was joint author of Leptis Magna (1959), Sabratha (1969), and The buried city; excavations at Leptis Magna (1966). He died in 1961. LC Vergerio, Roger, fl. 1949 in Morocco, his writings include Etude geotechnique de la region de Casablanca (1956). BN; Note about the author Verges, Jacques Mansour, born 5 March 1925 in Thailand, the son of a French father and Vietnamese mother, he grew up in La Reunion and studied law at Paris. An anti-colonialist, he defended many Algerian FLN militants as well as Klaus Barbie, the German war criminal. In 2002, he defended Siobodan Milosevic, the Serbian president, before the International Criminal Court in den Haag, and later prepared for Saddam Husayn's process. He wrote Pour Djamila Bouhired, De la strategie juridiciaire (1958), Pour les Fidayine (1969), La Justice est un jeu (1992), and he was joint author of Les Disparus (1959), and La Face cechee du proces Barbie (1983). Bioln 15 (2); IntWW,1989-2002; Sezgin Verghese, Boorli George, born 21 June 1927 at Maymyo, Burma, he was an Indian journalist and a sometime editor-in-chief of the Hindustan Times as well as The Times of India. His writings include A Journey through India (1959). IntWW, 1973/74-1981; Master (1); Wholndia, 1991/92, p. 158a, 1993/94, p. 154a Vergniol, Camille, born in 1863 at Libourne (Gironde), he gained doctorate and agregation and became a professeur at the Lycee Michelet in Paris. His writings include La Chute de I'aigle (1906), La Rochelle et Bayone, Rochefort, Tonnay-Charente, Saint-Jean-de-Luz (1921), and Dumont d'Urville (1930). He died in 1932. NUC, pre-1956 Vergopoulos, Konstantinos Vasileiou, born 12 December 1942 at Athens, he studied law at Athens and political economy at Paris, where he received his doctorat d'etat. He served as a visiting professor Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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at the Sorbonne, and was also affiliated with international organizations. His writings include To aypoTIKo (f/TIJlla lpTIJV EAAaoa (1975), Le Capitalisme difforme et la nouvelle question agraire (1977), Kpato; tan OIKovoIlIKf/ rroAITIKf/lpTO 190 aubva (1977), Eevlallo~ Kal OIKovollIKfJ avarrTu(fJ (1978), H atto-avantutn onuepa (1987), and he was joint author of La Question paysanne et Ie capitalisme (1974). EVL, 1993/94, 1996/97, 1998, 1999/2001; 2001

Vergote, Jozef Antoon Leo Maria, born 16 March 1910 at Gent, he studied classical and Oriental languages and became a professor of Coptic and Egyptology at the Universite Catholique de Louvain. His writings include Grammaire copte (1973), and De Egyptenaren en hun godsdienst (1974). He died in 1992. Egyptology; WhoBelgium,1957/58; Who's who in Belgium and Luxemburg, 1962; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77 Verin, Pierre Michel, born 6 April 1934 at Niort (Deux-Sevres), he was educated at l'Ecole nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer, Sorbonne, and Yale University. He was an archaeologist at l'Office de recherche scientifique et technique des territoires d'Outre-Mer, Tahiti, 1960-61. He subsequently held a variety of posts at institutions involved in Indian Ocean and Polynesian research, including the Institut des langues et civilisations orientales. His writings include Les Comores (1994), the translation, The History of civilization in North Madagascar (1986), and he was joint editor of Maurice avant /'Isle de France (1983). WhoFr, 1998/99-2001/2002 Verity, Anthony Courtenay Froude, born 25 February 1939, he was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and subsequently served as headmaster at British schools. In 1996 he was an educational adviser to the Emir of Qatar. Who, 1984-2001 Verlaque, Christian Rene Pierre, born 15 September 1936 at Boulemane, Morocco, he was educated at Casablanca, Alger, and Paris and became a professor of geography in the Universite de Montpellier until his retirement in 1996. His writings include Le Languedoc-Roussillon (1987) and he was joint author of L'Espace industriel (1978). WhoFr, 1995/96-2001/2002 Verlet, Bruno, born 20th cent., his writings include Le Sahara (c1958, 1974).

BN; NUC, pre-1956

Verlinden, Jean Charles Alphonse, born 3 February 1907, he studied liberal arts at Gent, Paris, and Madrid. From 1944 to 1974 he was a professor of history in the Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. His writings include Les Empereurs belges de Constantinople (1945), L'Esclavage dans I'Europe medievale (1955), Slavenhandel en ekonomische ontwikkeling in Midden-, Oost- en Noord-Europa gedurende de hoge middeleeuwen (1979), and Bibliographie van de geschiedenis van de Belgische scheepvart (1984). IntWW, 1980-2002; WhoBelgium, 1957/58; Who's who in Belgium and Luxemburg, 1962

Vermeer, Donald E., born 9 November 1932 at Oakland Calif., he graduated in 1954 from the University of California, Berkeley, and received a Ph.D. in 1964 for Agricultural and dietary practices among the Tiv, lbo, and Birom tribes, Nigeria. He was successively a professor of geography at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, and George Washington University, Washington, D.C., a post which he still held in 1994. AmM&WS 1971-73, 1976 P; NatFacDr, 1994 Vermeil, Claude Francis, born 19 May 1924 at Conqenles (Gard), he studied at the medical schools in Montpellier and Strasbourg, gaining a doctorate as well as agregation, specializing in parasitology. He was from 1950 to 1957 chef de laboratoire at the Institut Pasteur in Tunis. WhoFr, 1975/76-1988/891 Vermel, Pierre, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1978 from the Universite de Paris III for L'Analyse de la langue arabe suivant des regles de cadence. In the early 1970s he had made long stays in Libya, northern Nigeria, and Qatar. Note; THESAM,4 Vermeulen, Urbain Gaston Georges, born 28 December 1940 at Oordegem, Belgium, he studied at the Rijksuniversteit Gent, where he took Oriental languages, law and archival palaeology, gaining a doctorate. Since 1969 he was affiliated with Katholieke Universiteit Leuven as a teacher of Arabic; in 1993 he was concurrently affiliated with his alma mater. His writings include Iran, godsdienst en nationalisme (1981). EURAMES, 1993; WieVlaand, 1980,2000/2002 Vernadsky, George (Georgii Vladimirovich), born in 1887 at St. Petersburg, his writings include HallepmaHue pyCCKOU ucmopuu (1927), A History of Russia (1929), its translations, Geschiedenis van Rusland (1947), Historia de Rusia (1947), and The Mongols and Russia (1953). He died in 1973. Au&Wr, 1963; Bioln 8, 9,10,13; ConAu 41-44; IntWW, 1973/74; Master (3); WhAm,6; WhoAm, 1974; WhoE, 1970-1975

Vernant, Jacques Adolphe, born 17 June 1912 at Paris, he studied at the Lycee Carnot and the Facultes de lettres et de droit de Paris. He was since 1945 a secretary general of the Centre d'etudes de politique etranqere, and since 1956 a professor of political sociology at the Ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales, Paris. His writings include Les Refugies dans t'eores-quetre (1951), its trans-

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lation, The Refugee in the post-war world (1951), and Les Relations internationales (1987). He died in 1985. LC; WhoFr, 1965/66-1979/801

a I'age nucleelre

Verneau, Rene, born 23 April 1852 at Chapelle-sur-Loire (Indre-et-Loire) , he was educated at the College de Saumur and the Faculte de medecine de Paris, where he gained his medical doctorate. He became an anthropologist and a professor at the Musee national d'Histoire naturelle, and the Institut de Paleontoloqie humaine. He was a sometime curator at the Muses d'Ethnographie as well as editorin-chief of the periodical Anthropologie. His writings include L'Enfance de I'humanite (1890). He died in 1938. LC; Qui etes-vous. 1924 Verner, Miroslav, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Universita Karlova, Praha. His writings include Altagyptische Sarge in den Museen und Sammlungen der Tschechoslovakei (1982), and he edited Preliminary report on Czechoslovak excavations in the mastaba of Ptahshepses at Abusir (1976), and Corpus antiquitatum Aegyptiacarum (1982). LC Vernet, Robert, born 20th cent., he wrote Climats ancients du nord de l'Afrique (1995), Le sud-est du Niger; de la prehistoire au debut de I'histoire (1996), and La Mauritanie; des origines au debut de I'histoire, 2nd ed. (1989), Archeologie d'Afrique de I'Ouest (2001). Livres disponibles, 2001 Vernet Gines, Juan, born 29 or 31 July 1923 at Barcelona, he was a professor at the Departamento de Estudios Arabes e lslarnlcos in the Universidad de Barcelona. His writings include Contribuci6n al estudio de la labor astron6mica de Ibn al-Banna' (1951), EI Rescate del erreez argelf Bibi, prisionero en Mal/orca Tetuen (1952), Los Musulmanes espetiotes (1961), Historia de la ciencia espanola (1975), La Cultura hispanoarabe en Oriente y Occidente (1978), its translations, Die spanische-arabische Kultur im Orient und Okzident (1984), Ce que la culture doit aux Arabes de I'Espagne (1985), and its Arabic translation in 1997; he edited Estudios sobre historia de la ciencia erebe (1980). Arabismos, 1992, 1994, 1997; WhoSpain, 1963, 1987-19961

Verney, Sir Edmund, born in 1838, he was a captain in the Royal Navy and served in the Crimea and the Indian Mutiny. After his retirement in 1884 he was an M.P. for North Buckinghamshire, 1885-86. His writings include The Shannon's Brigade in India (1862), and Four years of protest in the Transvaal (1881). He died in 1910. Britlnd(3); Master (2); Who,1897; Who was who, 1 Verney, Frances Parthenope nee Nightingale, born 19 April 1819 at Naples, she was the elder sister of Florence Nightingale (1820-1910). Both girls had an excellent education under the supervision of their father. In 1858 she was married to the parliamentarian, Sir Harry Verney who was a member of the famous Buckinghamshire family. "She might have been very much the fine lady, but her literary contributions show her to have been an individual of uncommon ability whose interest in social and moral problems was profound and permanent. Her writings include Peasant properties and other selected essays (1885), and How the peasant owner lives in parts of France, Germany, Italy, Russia (1888). She died in 1890. Boase; Journal of modem history 30 (1958), pp. 131-136 II

Vernier, Clement Pierre Marie Bernard, born about 1900, he was a French army officer who in 1939 was in the rank of captain. In 1964 he was director of the Centre d'information du Proche-Orient et de l'Afrique du nord. His writings include Qedar; carnets d'un meneriste syrien (1938), and La Politique islamique de I'AI/emagne (1939). His trace is lost after a publication in 1965. BN; Note; NUC, pre-1956 Vernier, Donat, born 19th cent., he was a Jesuit priest whose writings include Histoire du patriarcat etmenien catholique (1891), and Grammaire arabe composee o'epres les sources primitives (18911892), a work which, according to FOck, did not find acceptance over M. S. Howell's Grammar of the classical Arabic language (1880-1911) on account of its shortcomings. FOck; NUC, pre-1956 Vernieres, Michel, born 20th cent., he wrote Travail et croissance (1972), Economie des tiers-mondes (1991), Nord-Sud, renouveler la cooperation (1996), and he edited L'Avenir des tiers-mondes (1991). Livres disponibles, 2002

Vernikovski (Wiernikowski), Jan (Ivan) Nepomucen, born in 1799 or 1800, he studied philology, including Arabic at Wilna. In 1827 he was a teacher of Arabic and Persian at the gymnasium in Kazan. But on account of his involvement in the Filomaci i Filaveci affair, he was in 1834 expelled and banned to Siberia. In the mid-1840s he is known to have taught Latin at Simbirsk (Ulianovsk). As a linguist he was also familiar with Hebrew and Persian, but only a few verses from Hafiz were published in Russian journals. He died in 1877. Dziekan; Krachkovskii, pp. 169-170 Vernon, Paul Egbert, born 14 October 1869 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he was educated at Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn, and in 1886 entered his father's firm, Vernon Bros. & Co., paper merchants of N.Y.C. Fond of travel, he was the author of books such as Morocco from a motorcar (1927), and Motoring in North Africa (1949). He died in Garden City, N.Y., 25 June 1957. NatCAB, vol. 44, pp. 387-388 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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de Vernouillet, M., born 19th cent., he wrote De t'etet actuel de I'agriculture dans les etats romains (Paris, 1857). His trace is lost after a publication in 1897. NUC, pre-1956 Verosta, Stephan Eduard, born 16 October 1909 at Wien, he studied law at Wien, Paris, Geneve and den Haag, and subsequently practised his profession until 1935, when he entered the Austrian foreign service. His writings include Die internationale Stellung Osterreichs (1947), and Memoire sur les differends juridiques et conflits d'interets presente a la Conference par la Konsularakademie (1955). IntWW, 1973/74-2002; WhoAustria, 1967-1977/78; WhoWor, 1974/75

Verrier, Anthony, born 20th cent., he wrote An Army for the sixties (1966), Assassination in Algiers; Churchill, Roosevelt, de Gaulle, and the murder of Admiral Darlan (1990), and Francis Younghusband and the Great Game (1991). LC Verrollot, M. P., born about 1800, he received a medical doctorate in 1835 from the Universite de Montpellier for his thesis entitled Prepositions generales sur la physiologie, la pathologie et la therepeutique. He also wrote Du cholera-morbus en 1845, 1846 et 1847 (Constantinople, 1848). BN Versluys, Jan Derk Nicolaas, born 3 February 1913 in the Netherlands, he received a Dr.jur. in 1938 from the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden for his thesis entitled Vormen en sorten van loon in den indischen landbouw. He was in the civil service of Indonesia from 1938 to 1948. He subsequently joined the Universiteit van Indonesie te Makassar as a professor of economics, delivering his inaugural lecture on 24 October 1949 entitled Aspecten van Indonesia's industrialisatie en haar financierung. His other writings include Journalistiek en wetenschap (1936). BN; Brinkman's, 1938-40, 1946-50; Unesco Versteegh, Cornelis Henricus Maria, born 17 October 1947 at Arnhem, the Netherlands, he studied classical and Oriental languages at the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, receiving a doctorate in 1977 for Greek elements in Arabic linguistic thinking. He subsequently became a professor of Middle Eastern studies at his alma mater. His writings include Pidginization and Creolization; the case of Arabic (1984), and he was joint author of The History of linguistics in the Near East (1983). Wie is wie, 1994-96 Vertanes, Charles Aznarian (Yezinque Carapet), born 5 March 1905 at Alexandria, Egypt, he studied at Columbia University and the Union Theological Seminary. He was active in pastoral ministry for fifteen years at intervals in New York, New Jersey and Washington, D.C. His writings include Armenia reborn (1947). BiDrLUS, 1970; WhoLibS, 1966 Verteuil, Charles de, fl. 1953-78 see De Verteuil, Charles Robert Joseph Vertot, Rene Aubert Vertot d'Aubeuf, born 25 November 1655 at Chateau de Benetot (pays de Caux), he was educated by the Jesuits and subsequently entered the Rouen seminary. After two years, in 1671, he secretly entered the Order of the Capuchins at Argentan. But worn out by their austerity, he went over to the Order of Prernonte. Abbe Colbert, General of the Order, soon recognized his talents and took him as secretary; in 1683 he appointed him Prior of Joyenval. Since this grant caused much jealousy, he relinquished it and retreated to the modest curacy of Croissy-Ia-Garenne, where he devoted himself to a quiet life of study to his liking. In 1703 he settled in Paris. His writings include Histoire des revolutions arrives dans Ie gouvernement de la Republique roumaine (1720), and Histoire des Chevaliers Hospitaliers de Saint Jean de Jerusalem, appeles depuis Chevaliers de Rhodes (1726). He died at the Palais-Royal, Paris, 15 June 1735. BiD&SB; DcBiPP; GdeEnc; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (9); Master (2)

Vertotradova, Viktoria Viktoravna, born 27 June 1933 at Moscow, she graduated in 1956 from the Faculty of Philology at Moscow State University, and received her first degree for CmpyKmypHafi mutionoeun nesomopu» cpeoneunauccxux tpononoeuueceux cucmeu. Since 1961 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. Miliband2 Verworn, Max Richard Constantin, born 4 November 1863 at Berlin, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1887 at Berlin and his Dr.habil. in physiology in 1891 at Jena. He was successively a professor at Jena, Gottingen and Bonn, where he died on 23 November 1921. His writings include Die Biogenhypothese (1906), and Die Entwicklung des menschlichen Geistes (1910). DcScB; DtBE; DtBiind (6); Master(1) Verzijl, Jan Hendrik Willem, born 31 August 1888 at Utrecht, he was a professor of international law and diplomatic history successively at Utrecht, Amsterdam, Utrecht and Leiden. He spent 1940 to 1941 at Buchenwald concentration camp. His writings include Het prijsrecht tegenover neutralen in den wereldoorlog van 1914 (1917), and Le Droit des prises de la grande guerre (1924). He died in 1987. BWN, vol. 4 (1994), pp. 516-518; WhoNL, 1962/63; Wie is dat, 1948, 1956; WieVlaand,1980

Vesela-Pfnosilova, Zdenka, born in 1930, she studied Turkish at Universita Karlova, Praha, where she was a student of Jan Rypka. She was a lifelong professor, and chairman of department, at her alma

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581 mater. She edited Osmanska moc stfednf a jihovychodnf Evrope v 16.-17. stoletf; sbornik (1977). She died 4 March 1998. Archivorientalni69 (2001), pp. 129-132; MESA Roster of members, 1990

Veselov, Vitalii Terent'evich, born 5 May 1922 in Kalinin Oblast, he graduated in 1952 from Moscow Oriental Institute, and received his first degree in 1967 with a thesis entitled Tpencnopm coepeueunot) Typu,uu, a work which was published in 1969. Since 1959 he was affiliated with a Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. Miliband; Miliband 2

Veselovskii, Ivan Nikolaevich, born in 1892, he gained a doctorate in mathematics and physics and was a sometime professor. His writings include Huxonet: Konepnu« (1974). He died in 1977. Zinaida K. Sokolovskaia, 300 HaY4Hblx 6uoapaC/Juu (1982), p. 311

Veselovskii, Nikolai Ivanovich, born 1848 at Moscow, he was an archaeologist, historiographer of Russian Oriental studies, and a sometime professor at St. Petersburg, where he died in 1918. His writings include naMRmHuKu inmnovsmuvecsux U mopeoeux cnoiuenia MOCKOBCKOlJ Pycu u nepcielJ (1890-98). EnSlovar; GSE; Kraehkovskii, p. 100; Wieezynski, vol. 42 (1986), p. 57

Vesely, Rudolf, born 28 April 1931 at Hradec Kralove, Bohemia, he studied Arabic and Persian at Praha, where he later served as a senior lecturer to 1981, and again from 1990 to 2000 as a professor of Middle Eastern history and civilization. His writings include An Arabic diplomatic document from Egypt (1977), and he edited u:~1 ~'--:l u:~' ~I of Ibn Nazir al-Jaysh (1987). Archiv orientalni 69 (2001), pp. 511-523

Vesey-Fitzgerald, Seymour Gonne, born in 1884, he was educated at Charterhouse and Keble College, Oxford. In 1906 he entered the Indian Civil Service, where he served as a colonial judge. In 1932 he was a lecturer at SOAS. His writings include Muhammadan law (1931), and The Future of Oriental legal studies (1948), a work which was his inaugural lecture at University College, London, on 4 February 1948. He died in 1954. Britlnd (1); NUC, pre-1956; Who was who, 5

Vespertino Rodriguez, Antonio, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in liberal arts, specializing in Mozarabic literature. He was a sometime lecturer in Romance philology at the Universidad de Oviedo. His writings include Leyendas aljamiadas y moriscas sobre personajes biblicos (1983). Arabismo, 1992

Vessiot, Alexandre, born in 1829 at Langres (Haute-Marne), he graduated in 1848 from l'I~cole

normale superieure and successively became a professeur at tycees in Nimes, Lyon, and finally Marseille, where for twenty years he held the chair of rhetoric. In 1879 he was nominated inspecteur d'Academie. His writings include Chemin faisant, notes et rettextons sur t'educeiion, I'enseignement et la morale de ce temps (3e ed., 1891). He died aged eighty in Gemenos near Marseille, 29 May 1908. Bulletin de la Societe de geographie de Marseille 32 (1908), p. 258; Vapereau

Veth, Pieter Johannes, born 2 December 1814 at Dordrecht, the Netherlands, he studied theology as well as classical and Oriental languages, and became a tutor at the Koniklijke Militaire Academie, Breda, where he taught English and Malay as well as geography and history of Dutch East India from 1838 to 1841, when he was appointed first a professor of Oriental languages at the Athenaeum te Franeker and then the Athenaeum Amstelaedamse, where Hebrew antiquities, Old Testament exegesis and speculative philosophy were added to his responsibilities. It was at this point that he chose an academic career over a reformed ministry for which he had originally trained. After twenty-two years at Amsterdam, and having gained a doctorate in 1841, he was appointed in 1864 a professor at Leiden, where he remained until he retired in 1885. He died in Arnhem, 14 April 1895. BiBenelux (2); EneNI; GdeEne; IntOeAn; NieuwNBW; L'Orient, 1'Algerie et les colonies fram;aises 1 (1866/67), pp. 335-336, 351-352, 366368; Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, n.s., 24 (1895), pp. 394-398

Vettes, William George, born 29 October 1920 at Chicago, he graduated in 1949 from Roosevelt College and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Northwestern University. He was subsequently affiliated from many years with the University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, as a professor of history. OrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H

Vever, Henri. born 16 October 1854 at Metz, he was a trained draftsman and jeweler and studied since 1871 at l'Ecole des Arts decoratlfs, Paris. He was an outstanding connoisseur and collector and since 1878 a member of the Societe des Artistes francais, His writings include La Bijouterie trenceise au XIXe steele (1906-1908). An Annotated and illustrated checklist of the Vever Collection was published in 1988. He died nearly unnoticed in 1942. Curinier; G. O. Lowry, A Jeweler's eye (1988), pp. 13-39; Master (1) de Vey Mestdagh, K., born 20th cent., he was a joint editor of Supervisory mechanisms in international economic organisations (1984). LC

Vial, Charles, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1974 from the Universite de Paris III for Le Personnage de la femme dans Ie roman et la nouvelle en Egypte de 1914

a 1960 (1979),

a work which

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was published in 1979. In 1987 he was affiliated with the Universite de Provence. His other writings include L'Egyptien tel qu'on t'ecrn (1983). Note; THESAM,3 de Vialar, Antoine Etienne Augustin, baron, born 30 September 1799 at Gaillac (Tarn), he was educated at Paris. After brief royal service, he settled in 1831 at Alger, later to become a colonial administrator. His writings include Simples faits exposes a la reunion algerienne du 14 avril 1835 (1835). He died in Alger on 18 August 1868. Bulletin de la Societe de geographie d'Alger, 16 (1911),161-77

Vialard, Antoine, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Universite d'Oran. His writings include Droit civil algerien; la responsabilite civile delictuelle (2e ed., 1986). Note Vialas, Georges Charles, born 21 February 1903 at Lyon, he studied at l'Ecole reqionale d'agriculture d'Ondes (Haute-Garonne) and l'Ecole nationale d'agriculture. He was an agricultural engineer and a sometime professor of agronomy. From 1945 to 1956 he was a directeur de l'Agriculture with the Gouvernement general de l'Algerie. His writings include Pour une France corporative; la corporation paysanne au service du ravitallement (1941), and he was joint author of Agriculture speciale (2d ed., 1952). Nouveau dictionnaire national des contemporains, 1961/62

Vialet, Frederique, born 20th cent., she was a keeper of antiquities and fine art of Haute-Loire, France, and a joint author of the exhibition catalogues, La Sculpture ttencelse au XVI/Ie siecle (1980), Tapisseries contemporaines d'Aubusson (1981), 550 Ans d'histoire au Monastere Sainte-Claire du Puy-en-Velay (1982), and Iconographie de la Vierge noire du Puy (1983). LC Viana, Abel Goncalves Martins, born 16 February 1896 at Viana do Castelo, Portugal, he became affiliated with the Museu Regional de Viana do Castelo and the Museu Regional de Beja. His writings include Origem e evoluceo historica de Beja (1944), and Museu Regional de Beja (1946). Quem e alguem, 1947

Vianney, John Joseph, born 20th cent., he gained a doctorate. He was a sometime editor of the periodical Economic forum. In 1965 he was a journalist in Aden. His writings include The New states of Africa (1961), and he edited Politische Perspektiven Afrikas (Bonn, 1972). NUC, 1973-77; Sezgin Viard, Paul Emile, born 27 February 1902 at Epinal (Vosges), he was educated at Dijon and Nancy, receiving a diploma in liberal arts and doctorates in law in 1926 from the Universite de Nancy for Andre AIciat, 1492-1550, and in 1928 for L'Aine et les juveigneurs dans la ires ancienne coutume de Bretagne. He served at the Universite d'Alger from 1928 to 1962 first as a professor and subsequently as dean and honorary dean. He was an editor of Questions nord-africaines, vol. 1-5 (1934-1939). His writings include Les Centres municipaux dans les communes mixtes d'Algerie (1937), and Les Droits politiques des indigenes d'Algerie (1937). He died 26 March 1984 IndBFr2 (2); WhoFr, 1969/70-1984/85 Viardot, Louis, born in 1800 at Dijon, he was a trained lawyer, but after a journey in 1825 to Spain he decided to forgo a legal career for literary work. He successively collaborated with Ie Globe, Ie National, and Ie Siecle. Together with George Sand and Pierre Leroux he later founded the Revue lnaependante. His writings include Essai sur I'histoire des Arabes et des Maures d'Espagne (1833), and its translation, Historia de los Arabes y de los Moros de Espana (1844). He died in Paris, 5 May 1883. BiD&SB; Bitard 1; Dantes 1; Glaeser; Vapereau

Viatkin, Mikhail Porfir'evich, born in 1895, he studied history and philology at St. Petersburg and became a teacher at a variety of schools and institutions of higher learning. His writings include 04epKu no ucmopuu Kesexcxot) CCP (1941), 5amblp CPblM (1947), and he edited 04epKu ucmopuu fleHuHapaoa (1955). He died in 1967. Wieczynski, vol. 42 (1986), pp. 75-76 Viatkin, Vasilii Lavrent'evich, born in 1869, he graduated in 1894 from Tashkent Teachers' Seminary. He was an archaeologist and a sometime director of the Samarkand Museum. His writings include naMflmHuKu opeenocmet: CaMapKaHoa (1927). He died in Vernyi (Alma-Ata), 26 June 1932. BiobibSOT; Miliband 2 ; UzbekSE; Wieczynski, vol. 42 (1986), p.76

Vibert, Edmond Celestin Paul, born 18 February 1851 at Paris. At the age of twenty-five he began to contribute regularly to national and international journals, specializing in political economy and social problems. His writings include La Colonisation pratique et comparee (1904). He died in 1918. Carnoy 112,pp. 39-41; NUC, pre-1956

Vibert, Jean Michel, born 31 October 1915 at Vltry-le-Francols (Marne), he studied law at Grenoble and Paris. He was a civil administrator successively at Tunis and Alger from 1948 to 1961. His writings include Sa/aires et equilibre economique (1953), and Tableau de t'economie tunisienne (1956).

WhoFr, 1969/70-1997/981

Vicaire, Marcel, fl. 1936-1952, he was in 1950 a director of Metiers et Arts marocains. the author

BN; Note about

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Vicaire, Marie Humbert, O.P., born in 1906, he was an ecclesiastic whose writings include Saint Dominique de Caleruega, o'epres les documents du X/lie steele (1955), Histoire de Saint Dominique (1957), and Saint Dominique et les origines de I'Ordre des Precneurs (1982). BN; LC

Vicard, Pierre Albert, born 19th cent., he was a commandant with the se Tiralleurs. He was a joint author of Le Chien estafette; les liaisons, mode d'emploi du chien (Paris, 1911). His trace is lost after a publication in 1921. BN; NUC, pre-1956

Vice, David, born 20th cent., he wrote The Coinage of British West Africa and Sf. Helena, 1684-1958 (Birmingham, 1983). LC

Vickers, John, born in 1836, he was a religious writer whose writings, partly under the pseudonym Jaido Morata, include Tinker Aesop and his little lessons for the age (London, 1869), The New Koran; or, Federan monitor (London, 1874), and The Crucifixion of mystery (London, 1895). NUC, pre-1956

Vickers, Michael J., born 17 February 1943, he was a sometime keeper in the Deptartment of Antiquities at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. His writings include The Roman world (1977), Scythian treasures in Oxford (1979), From silver to ceramic; the potter's debt to metalwork in the GraecoRoman, Oriental, and Islamic worlds (1986), and he was joint author of Artful crafts; ancient Greek silverware and pottery (1994). LC

Vickery, Charles Edwin, born in 1881, he was a military officer who served in West Africa, Egypt and the Sudan. From December 1916 to March 1917 he was sent on a special mission to the King of the Hejaz and subsequently served as British Agent at Jeddah. He died in 1951. Who's who, 1936-51; Who was who, 5

Vickrey, Charles Vernon, born in 1876 at lola, Illinois, he was a graduate of Nebraska Wesleyan University and Drew Theological Seminary, gaining a doctorate in 1942 in divinity from his alma mater. He was active in the missioanry movement, serving with the Armenian and Syrian Relief as well as the Near East Relief as a secretary general. His writings include The Young People's Missionary Movement (1906), and Near East Relief, a review for 1922; annual report to Congress (1923). He died in 1966. Amlnd (1); WhAm, 4; WhNAA

Vidailhet, Jean, fl. 1954, he received a doctorate in 1934 from the Faculte de droit de Toulouse for his thesis, Le Transsaharien, amorce du Transafricain. BN; NUC, pre-1956

Vidal, Cesar, born in 1899, he received a doctorat es lettres in 1927 from the Universite de Paris for Charles Albert et Ie Risorgimento italien, 1831-1848. His writings include LouiS-Philippe, Mazzini et la jeune /talie, 1832-34 (Paris, 1934). His trace is lost after a publication in 1954. BN; LC Vidal, Edmond, born 19th cent., he was a medical doctor who was sent to Spain on a mission under the Minlstere de l'lnterieur, In 1914 he was a director of the Archives therapeutiques at Alger. BN; Note

Vidal, Frederich Schmid, born 3 March 1920 at Barcelona, he graduated in 1940 at Barcelona and received a Ph.D. in 1964 from Harvard for The Oasis of al-Hasa. He served from 1940 to 1947 as tribal administrator of the Spanish service of native affairs in Morocco, being in charge of the Beni itTeft tribe in the Riff. Since 1976 he was a professor of anthropology in the University of Texas at Arlington. MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; Note; Selim; WhoHisp, 1992/93, 1994/95

Vidal, Jose (Josep) Juan, born, 20th cent., he wrote Els agermanats (Palma deMallorca.1985).LC Vidal, Louis, born about 1870, he received a doctorate in 1900 from the Faculte des sciences de Paris for Recherches sur Ie sommet de I'axe dans la fleur des qemopeieles. He was a botanist and sometime professor at the Faculte des Sciences as well as the Ecole de Papeterie, Grenoble. His writings include L'Analyse microscopique des papiers (Paris, 1939). BN; Note

Vidal (Pasha), Victor, born 8 February 1833 at Toulouse, he studied mathematics and physical sciences, graduating from l'Ecole polytechnique. He then entered l'Ecole des mines, concurrently studying law. In 1860 he became an avocat at the Cour de Paris. A qualified engineer, he joined the Compagnie du chemin de fer d'Orleans. In 1865 he entered the service of the Egyptian Government as an educator. He later was a founder of l'Ecole de droit du Caire. He was also an officer of the Institut egyptien. He died in 1889. Bulletin de I'Institut egyptien, 3e serie, vol. 2 (1891/92), pp. 122-134

Vidal Beltran, Eliso, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1968 from the Universidad de Valencia for Valencia en la epoc« de Juan I, a work which was published in 1974. His other writings include La Region valenciana; la tierra, los hombres (1962), and he translated from the Arabic of Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, Conquista de Africa del Norte y de Espana (1966). ZKO Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Vidal de la Blache, Paul Marie Joseph, called Vidal-Lablache, born in 1845 (or 1843) at Pezenas (Herault), he graduated from the Ecole normale superieure and also received a doctorate. He was a professor of geography at his alma mater and a teacher at the Faculte des lettres de Paris. In 1891 he founded the Annales de geographie. He died in 1918. Curinier; Master (6); Vapereau Vidal-Naquet, Pierre Emmanuel, born 23 July 1930 at Paris, he was a historian who held a great variety of academic posts at French institutions of higher learning. His writings include L'Affaire Audin (1958), Torture dans la Repubttque, 1954-1962 (1972), Face a la raison d'etat (1989), and the translations, Lo Stato di tortura (1963), and Torture, cancer of democracy; France and Algeria, 1954-1962 (1963). WhoFr, 2000-2002 Vidale, Marcello L., born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Industrial Management Institute, Tehran, and the Iran Communications and Development Institute. His writings include Survey of social attitudes in Iran (Tehran, 1976). LC Vidalenc, Georges, he was an architect who wrote L'Art norvegien contemporain (1921), L'Art marocain (Paris, 1925), Une CEuvre trenceise; Ie port de Casablanca (Casablanca, 1928), and Aspects du mouvement syndical trenceis (1953). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Vidiasova, Mariia Fedorovna, born 7 May 1945 at Moscow, she graduated in 1968 from the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, and received her first degree in 1971 for Pa60l/uu «necc B couuenenoa cmpyKmype Tynuce, a work which was published in 1975. Her other writings include 3KoHoMuKa cmoen Maapu6a (1980), and couuensnue cmpyKmypbl oosononusnsnoeo Maapu6a (1987). Miliband 2 Vieille, Paul, born 20th cent., he was in 1965 affiliated with the Institute for Social Studies and Research in the University of Tehran. His writings include La FeodaJite et tetst en Iran (1975), and Le Discours populaire de la revolution iranienne (1990). Note Viennot, Jean Pierre, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1969 from the Sorbonne with a thesis entitled Contribution a t'etude de la sociologie et de I'histoire du mouvement national kurde, a work which was published in 1974. THESAM,4 Vienot, Pierre, born 5 August 1897 at Clermont (Oise), he was a lawyer who from 1920 to 1923 was attached to the Cabinet civil of Marechal Lyautey. From 1925 to 1929 he served as a director of the Comite franco-allemand d'information, Berlin. In 1932 he was elected depute for Ardennes. During the war he headed the Comite Francais de la Liberation National at London; he was a bitter enemy of Pierre Laval. His writings include Les Relations de la France et de la Syrie (1939). He died in London, 20 July 1944. DcBMOuF; NYT 21 July 1944, p. 19, col. 3; Qui est-ee, 1934 Vietze, Hans Peter, born 15 March 1939 at Dresden, Germany, he received doctorates in 1965 and 1971 and subsequently served until his retirement as a professor and chairman, Zentralasiatisches Institut, Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin. His writings include Deutsch-mongoJisches Gesprachsbuch (1963), and he was joint author of ROcklaufiges Worterbuch der tOrkischen Sprache (1975), Worterbuch deutsch-mongolisch (1981), and Worterbuch mongoJisch-deutsch (1988). KOrschner, 1992, 19961 Vieuchange, Jean, born in 1906 at Nevers (Nievre), he gained a medical doctorate in 1934 and became a physiologist at the Institut Pasteur, Paris. He accompanied his brother, Michel Vieuchange, on his last journey in 1930 in the Sahara and subsequently edited his works. IndexBFr2 (1) Vieuchange, Michel, born 26 August 1904 at Nevers (Nievre), he went in 1922 to Paris and began to study Greek at the university The following year he left for Greece to study the classics at their roots, with a view of later writing a novel. But his fifteen-month military service with a Zouave regiment in 1926 in Morocco changed his view of life. It took three years until it finally dawned on him that literary or cinematographic pursuit was no end in itself and that he was destined for action. The idea of reaching the mysterious settlement of Smara in the northwestern Sahara, a place which no white man had previously entered, became his destiny. He did reach his goal, but on the return journey he caught dysentery at Tiznit, from where his brother arranged for an emergency flight to Agadir. But it was too late for medical help and he died within a few days on 30 November 1930. His writings include Chez les dissidents du Sud marocain et du Rio de Oro (1932), Smara; carnets de route (1932) and the translations, Smara, the forbidden city (1933), Bei den unbezwungenen Stammen SOdmarokkos und des Rio de Oro; Smara Reiseaufzeichnungen (1937), and its 1962 edition entitled Erkundungen in Smara; Tagebuch. Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 474-481 Vigan, Claude Louis Jean, born 14 October 1920 at Le Havre, he gained and doctorate in anthropology, and received a medical doctorate in 1945 from the Universite de Bordeaux for Les Origines du

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syndrome humoral de t'etectro-cnoc.

He was a sometime medical adviser to the European

Community. Unesco; WhoEIO, 1982, 1985

Vignau y Ballester, Vicente, born 7 June 1834 at Valencia, he received doctorates in law, letters, and medicine. He was a historian and archivist, and a sometime director of the Archivo Hist6rico Nacional. His writings include Indice de los documentos del monasterio de Sahagun, de la orden de San Benito (1874). He died in Madrid, 30 October 1919. EncicUni; IndiceE3(2) Vigne, Godfrey Thomas, born in 1801, he was educated at Harrow and called to the bar in 1824 from Lincoln's Inn. He travelled in the East and became the first Englishman to visit Kabul. His writings include A Personal narrative of a visit to Ghuzni, Kabul and Afghanistan (1849), and Travels in Kashmir (1842). He died in Woodford, Essex, in 1863. Bioln 12,14; Boase; Buckland; Concise DNB; Riddick Vignet-Zunz, Jacques, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1974 from the Universite de Paris for Hommes de /'Ouarsenis, une communeute rurale d'Algerie. He was a sociologist and ethnologist, specializing in the Arab world. His writings include Index pour Albert Le Rouvereur; Sahariens et Sehetlens du Tchad (1968), and he was joint author of Le Syndrome Kadhafi (1987), and Jbala; histoire et societe (1991). THESAM,2 Vignon, Louis Valery, born in 1859, he wrote Les Colonies ttencetees (1884), La France dans /'Afrique du nord; Algerie et Tunisie (1887), L'Expansion de la France (1891), La France en Algerie (1893), and Un Programme de politique coloniaIe; les questions indigenes (1919). NUC, pre-1956 Vigo, Pietro, born 15 February 1856 in the Toscana, he taught since 1882 history at the Accademia navale di Livorno. His writings include Dizionario delle battaglie memorabil dai tempi piu antichi ai nostri (Livorno, 1893). He died in 1918. Gubernatis 3; IndBI Vigo Roussillon, Francois, born 24 October 1774, he wrote Des Principes de /'administration des ermees (1871), and Journal du campagne, 1793-1837 (1981). LC,1977-1986 Vigoni, Giuseppe, born 9 July 1846 at Sesto San Giovanni, he was a sometime administrator in Lombardy, and a traveller. His writings include Abissinia; giornale di un viaggio (1881), and Massaua e iI nord dell'Abissinia (1888). He died in Milano in 1914. IndBI (7); Master(1) Vigourous, L., he rose from captain in 1938 to lieutenant-colonel in 1945, when he served as commandant of the Territoire des Oasis in Algeria. Note Viguera Molins, Marfa Jesus, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in Arabic and Islamic studies. She was a sometime professor in the Universidad de Zaragoza and the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and a member of the Asociacion Espanola de Orientalistas. Her writings include Aragon musulman (1981), and Relaciones de la peninsula Iberica con el Magreb (1988); she was joint author of Los Reinos de Taifas (1994); and she translated from the Arabic of Daysi al-Amir, Momentos mujeres (1968), and from the Arabic of Ibn Hudhayl, Gala de caballeros, blason de paladines (1977).

Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997

Ariste, born early 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1850 at Strasbourg for his thesis De la nature de l'eutorlie du Nouveau- Testament. He became a pastor and was affiliated with the Academie

Viguh~,

du Gard. His trace is lost after a publication in 1885. BN; NUC, pre-1956

Vikentiev, Vladimir Mikhailovich, born in 1882 in Russia, he studied Egyptology in Germany and Russia. His writings include La Haute crue du Nil et /'averse de /'an 6 du roi Taharqa (1930), and L'Enigme d'un papyrus (1940). Since 1923 he lived in Cairo, where he died in 1960. Egyptology Vik"r, Knut Sigurdson, born 10 June 1952 at Orkdal, Norway, he studied at Oslo, SOAS, and Bergen, gaining a Dr.phil. in 1992. He was a research assistant at Bergen, from 1983 to 1986, and at Kebenhavn, from 1987 to 1988. Since 1993 he was director of the Senter for Midtausten- og islamske studiar in the Universitetet i Bergen. He was a secretary to the Nordic Society for Middle Eastern Studies, and an editor of Sudanic Africa. His writings include Sufi and scholar on the desert edge; Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Sanusi and his brotherhood (1995). DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES,1993; MESA Roster of members, 1990; Private; WhoWor, 1989/90

Vilar Ramirez, Juan Bautista, born in 1941 at Villena (Alicante), he received a doctorate in modern history and became a professor in the Universidad de Murcia. His writings include EI Sahara y el hamitismo norteafricano (1969), Espana en Argelia, Tunez, Ifni y Sahara (1970), Emigracion espanola a Argelia (1975), Mapas, pianos y fortificaciones hispanicos de Tunez (1991), and Mapas, pianos y fortificaciones hispanicos de Marruecos (1992). Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997; LC; NUC

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Vilbort, Joseph M., born 9 August 1829 at Bruxelles, he was a playwright, poet, novelist, and journalist who since 1855 was resident in Paris. His writings include En Kabylie; voyage d'une Parisienne au Djurjura (1875), and Contes f1amands (1901). He died in 1911. IndexBFr2 (1); Vapereau

ViI'chevskii, Oleg Liudvigjvich, born in 1902 at St. Petersburg, he graduated in 1924 at Leningrad, and received degrees in 1939 and 1953. He taught Kurdish at Leningrad, and was from 1932 to 1941 affiliated with the Academy of Science. His writings include KypObl; eeeoeHue e 3mHulfecKYlO ucmopUIO KypocKoao Hapooa (1961). He died 21 May 1964. Archivorientalni33 (1965),329-32; Miliband; Miliband2

ViI'danova, Aida Bekerovna, born 29 January 1930 at Kazan, she graduated in 1953 from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent, where she also received her first degree in 1968 for «MaO>KMa an-apKaM» XVIII e. In 1981 she edited MaO>KMa an-apKaM, by Muhammad Badi'. Miliband2

neuemuu« 6yxapcKoao oenonponseoocmee

Vilenchik, IAkov Salomonovich, born in 1902 at Riga, he graduated in 1924 at Petrograd, and received

his first degree in 1935 for Apa6cKue eopmennue. He was an Arabic lexicographer and from 1933 to his death on 1 June 1939 affiliated with the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include 5u6nuoapaepufl nesemnux pa60m aKaoeMUKa MaHamUFI 10. KpalfKoecKoao (1936). Krachkovskii, Miliband; Miliband2

a travers les miniatures (1985). A collection of her articles, 1965-1981, was published in 1983 and entitled La Mediterraneen aux Xlle-XVle slectes. LC

Villain-Gandossi, Christina, Dr., born 20th cent., she wrote Le Navire medieval

Villani, Ugo, born 17 March 1946 at Barletta/Bari, he studied law at the University and was successivelya professor of international law at Napoli and Bari. His writings include La Conciliazione nelle controversie internazionali (1979). Wholtaly, 1994-2000 del Villar, Emilio Huguet, born in 1871 at Granolles, Barcelona, he received a doctorate, becoming a geobotanist and soil scientist, specializing in North African soils. He worked for several years at the Institut scientifique cheritlen de Rabat. His writings include EI tnteres de Espana en Marruecos (1918), Los suelos de la peninsula Luso-ibettce (1937), Types de sol de I'Afrique du nord (1947), and Tipos de suelos de special interes del norte de Marruecos (1949). He died in Rabat in January 1951. Soil science 75 (1953), p. 251

Villard, Henry Serrano, born 30 March 1900 at N.Y.C., he served during the first World War with the American Red Cross in Italy, on the Austrian border. He graduated from Harvard with the class of 1921, and spent the following year at Magdalen College, Oxford. Then came some years devoted to journalism in Florida and elsewhere, with a fair amount of European and North American travel interspersed. In 1928 he entered the U.S. Foreign Service, serving as a vice-consul at Tehran, 19291931, and as assistant chief, Division of Near Eastern Affairs, Department of State, 1940-1944. He retired in 1961. His writings include Libya, the new Arab kingdom of North Africa (1956). He died in Los Angeles, 21 January 1996. Amlnd (1); ConAu 17-20,151; Note; Shavit; WhoS&SW, 1959

Villard, Mariquita, born about 1900, she graduated in 1927 from Bryn Mawr College, and subsequently studied painting in New York and abroad. She spent the summer of 1930 with her brother, Henry S., vice-consul, at Tehran. From there she travelled north to the Caspian Sea and south to Persepolis. During her stay in Tehran she worked with Arthur Upham Pope in connection with the International Exhibition of Persian Art, of which he was director. During the following winter she also worked with Pope in London. Note

Villaret, Maurice, born 7 December 1877 at Paris, where he also obtained a doctorate from the Faculte de medecine. He subsequently served as a physician at Paris hospitals. He died in Paris, 25 January 1946. IndexBFr2 (1); Qui etes-vous, 1924

Villari, Luigi, born 21 November 1876 at Firenze, he studied law at Siena and subsequently entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His writings include The Republic of Ragusa; an episode of the Turkish conquest (1904), Fire and sword in the Caucasus (1906), La Campagna di Macedonia (1922), Italy, Abyssinia and the League (1936), La Penetrazione russa nel Medio Oriente; la vie del Caucaso (1942), Affari esteri, 1943-1945 (1948); and he edited The Balkan question (1905). cm« 1940, 1961; WhE&EA

Ville, Ludovic Gabriel Alexandre Raymond Joseph, born 26 February 1819 at Rivesaltes (PyreneesOrientales), he was educated at the College de Perpignan, and graduated in 1839 from l'Ecole polytechnique. He subsequently attended l'Ecole des mines. Since 1847 he was attached to the Service de l'Alqerie, Throughout his career he devoted himself to soil studies in Algeria and the surrounding regions. His writings include Notice mineralogique sur les provinces d'Oran et d'Alger (1857), Voyage d'exploration dans les bassins du Hodna et du Sahara (1868), and Exploration Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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died in Arqeles (Hautes-Pyrenees), 11 May 1877.

IndexBFr2 (1)

Ville-Hardouin, Geoffrey, ca. 1160- ca. 1213, he was the first vernacular historian of France, and perhaps of Europe, but almost all what is known about him comes from his chronicle of the fourth crusade, or, the conquest of Constantinople by the crusaders described by him in La Conquete de Constantinople. The most convenient edition, with a modern French translation, was published in Paris by Edmond Faral (1938-39). DLB, vol. 208, pp. 266-271; EncBrit; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; GDU; Hoefer; IndexBFr2 (8); Pallas; RNL

Villebrune, Lefebvre de, 1732-1809 see Lefebvre de Villebrune, Jean Baptiste Villecourt, Louis, born 19th cent., he belonged to the Order of St Benedict. He edited and translated from the Arabic of Abu ai-Barakat ibn Kabar, Livre de la lampe des tenebres et de I'exposition du service (1929). BN; Note Villegas Gonzales, Marcelino, born in 1943, he was in 1988 a professor of Arabic studies in the Universidad de Alicante. His writings include La narrativa de Naguib Mahfuz; ensayo de sfntesis (1991). He died in 1991. LC de Villegas y Urzaiz, Luis, born 3 February 1923, he studied law, and in 1946 entered the diplomatic service, being appointed in 1948 to his first post at Istanbul. He was a sometime professor of diplomatic history at the Escuela Diplomatica, IndiceE3(1); Quien, 1998; WhoSpain, 1963 Villeme, Louis, fl. 1948, he wrote L'Evolution sociale de Maroc; une famille marocaine (Paris, 1950). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Villena, Leonardo, born 15 May 1917 at Casas de Ves, Albacete, Spain, he studied mathematics and physics, receiving a doctorate in 1945. He was a metrologist affiliated with the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid. He was joined author of Glossaire; Burgenfachworterbuch (Frankfurt am Main, 1975). LC; WhoWor, 1987/88 Villeneuve, H., 1848-1925 see Hebrard de Vielleneuve, Henry Villeneuve, Michel, he was in 1971 affiliated with the Secretariat d'Etat au Plan, Rabat. His writings include Les Obstacles a la mechanisation agricole rationelles dans les pays en voie de aevetoopement (Rabat, 1963), and La Situation de I'agriculture et son avenir dans i'economie marocaine (Paris, 1971). Villers, Gauthier de, 1940- see De Villers. Gauthier Villey, Michel, born 6 April 1914 at Caen (Calvados), he received a doctorate in law in 1942 from the Universite de Paris for La Croisade; essai sur la formation d'une tneotie juridique. He was a professor of philosophy of law at Paris. His writings include Le Droit romain (1946), Les Moyens du droit (1984), Questions de saint Thomas sur Ie droit et la politique (1987), and Reflexions sur la philosophie et Ie droit (1995). IntAu&W, 1977 Villiers, Alan John, born 23 September 1903, he was a distinguished Australian seaman and pioneering photo-journalist. His writings include Sons of Sindbad (1940). He died in 1982. Au&Wr, 19631977; BlueB, 1973/74-1976; ConAu 1-4, new rev. 1; Facey Grant, pp. 95-113; IntAu&W, 1977; WhE&EA; Who, 1943-1982; WhoAus, 1977, 1980; Who was who, 8; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79; WrDr, 1974/76-1980/82

Villiers, Gauthier de, 1940- see De Villiers, Gauthier Villol, Roland, he wrote La Vie politique a Oran, 1831-1881 (Oran, 1947), Eugene Etienne, 1844-1921 (Oran, 1951), and Arzeu et son histoire (Oran, 1952). NUC, pre-1956 Villuendas de Morera, Maria Victoria, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in Semitic philology, with special reference to Arabic science. She was a sometime collaborator with the Instituto de Historia de la Ciencia de la Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona. Her writings include La trigonometria europea en el siglo XI; estudio de la obra de Ibn Mu{adh (1979). Arabismo, 19921; EURAMES, 1993

Vil'sker, Leib Khaimovich, born 3 March 1919 at the village of Shumsk in Uzbekistan, he graduated in 1950 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and received his first degree in 1970 at Moscow with a thesis entitled nccneooeenue ceueoumnncuoeo R3b1Ka. His writings include CaMapumRHcKuu R3blK (1974), and its translation, Manuel d'eremeen samaritain (1981); and he was a joint translator from the Arabic of Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani's, Knuee senueemensnux ucmopuii (1957). He died in 1988. Miliband; Miliband2

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Vil'son (BVlIlbCOHblWilson), Ivan Ivanovich, born in 1836, he was educated at S. Petersburg University and subsequently became head of statistics at the Department of Agriculture and Rural Industry. His writings include 06bflcHeie Kb xossuicmeenno-omemucmuuecxouu amnacy Eeponeiicnoii Pocciu (1869), Apergu statistique de I'agriculture, de la sylviculture et des pecnenes en Russie (1876), and BblKypHble 3a seunu nnemexu KpecmbflH-c06cmeeHHuKoe, 6blecKux nOMew,U4bUX, 1862.1876 (1878). EnSlovar, vol. 11, p. 389; NYPL

Vimard, Henri, born 19th cent., he went to Syria from May to July, 1913, on a mission in the service of the Cornlte de l'Asie francalse, His articles were published in Asie trenceise. Note Vinaver, Vuk, born 20th cent., he wrote Prve ustanicke borbe protiv Turaka (Beograd, 1953), Dubrovnik i Tureska u XVIII veku (1960), Hronologija radnickog pokreta i SKJ, 1919-1979 (1980), and Jugsolavia i Francuska izmedu dva svetska rata (1985). LC Vincens, Arvede, 1840-1908 see Barine, Louise Cecile Bouffee Vincent, Benjamin, born at the beginning of the nineteenth century, he was a graduate of the Ecole des langues orientales, Paris, a doctor of law and, during the French conquest of Algeria in 1830, interpret» de 2e classe. On 22 October 1830 he was appointed judge in the Cour de justice d'Alger and afterwards became the first president of the Cour d'Appel. His writings include Corps des lois commerciales (1839), Etudes sur la loi musulmane (1842). Feraud, p. 210; Peyronnet, p. 16 Vincent, Bernard, born in 1941 at Paris, he wrote Minorias y marginados en la Espana del siglo XVI (1987), he was joint author of Historia de los Moriscos; vida y tragedia de una minorfa (1978), and he was joint editor of Les Morisques et /'Inquisition (1990). LC Vincent, Ernest, born 19th cent., he was a sometime secetary of the Cornlte du Maroc, and affiliated with the Mlnlstere de I'lnstruction publique. His writings include Le Maroc d'aujourd'hui (Melun, 1904). His trace is lost after a publication in 1910. BN Vincent, Frank, born 2 April 1848 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he was educated at Peekskill (N.Y.) Military Academy, and Yale University. Poor health obliged him to leave college before graduation, but Yale conferred upon him an honorary M.A. in 1875. Despite the apparent failure of his formal education, he was determined to become a second Marco Polo. Between 1871 and 1886, he travelled throughout the world, and described his adventures in numerous books. He is probably best remembered for The Land of the white elephant (1874). He explored the Congo Free State and wrote Actual Africa; or, the coming continent (1895). He donated his collection of travel souvenirs to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in N.Y.C. He died in Woodstock, N.Y., 19 June 1916. DAB; Shavit-Africa; WhAm, 1 Vincent, Louis Hugues, born 31 August 1872 at a small town in lsere, southeast of Lyons. Soon after entering the Dominican novitiate, he was sent in 1891 to Jerusalem to join the Ecole Biblique. His scholarly career was devoted to archaeological recording and interpretation, utilizing all available resources, no matter whether they were architectural, ceramic, cultic, epigraphic, or philological. He became a leader of Palestine archaeology. Except for sojourns in France during the wars, he was in residence at l'Ecole Biblique for nearly seventy years. It was in his beloved surroundings at the School that he passed quietly away at dawn, 30 December 1960. His writings include Jerusalem; recherches de topographie, d'archeologie et d'histoire (1912-26), and Jerusalem de l'Ancient Testament (1954-56). Bioln 6 (2); Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 164 (1961), pp. 2-4; Master (1)

Ritter von Vincenti, Carl Ferdinand, born at Baden-Baden (or, according to other sources, at Baden near Wien) of Sardinian extraction, 14 December 1835, he studied philology, philosophy, and law at Heidelberg, Gottingen, Paris, and Wien, majoring in Oriental linguistics and ethnography. After extensive travels in Europe, he studied Middle Eastern languages at Paris and Wien. An unkind fate, loss of his private means, and unfortunate circumstances obliged him in October 1871 permanently to settle in Wien to begin a career as novelist and editor with a variety of journals, since 1880 with the Neue Freie Presse. His writings include Die Tempelstormer Hocharabiens, Roman (Berlin, 1873), Die Ehe im Islam; eine Vortrag (Wien, 1876), and Snem; die Geschichte eines arabischen Madchens (Prefsburq, 1881). He died in Wien in 1917. DtBilnd (4); KDtLK, Nekrolog, 1901-1935; Sezgin; Wurzbach de Vincentiis, Gherardo, born 19th cent., he delivered his inaugural lecture in 1903 entitled La Persia nella storia antice e la poesia mistico-amorosa nel persiano moderno (Napoli, 1903). His writings include Propedentica; iI persiano nella sua genesi Iinguistica (ca. 1879), and from the Persian he translated Gulistan, ossia iI Roseto della Seeton Sa'di da Scrrazi (Napoli, 1873). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Vinchon, Jean, born 21 June 1884 at Ennemain (Somme), he gained a medical doctorate and served in 1915 in Serbia, and was subsequently nominated chief medical officer at the Centre de psychiatrie des armees francaises et serbe d'Orient. He later served as a medical administrator in Paris. His Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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writings include L'Art et la folie (1924), Hysterie (1925), and Les Syndromes sympathiques (1939). Dictionnaire national des contemporains, 1936; EncO&P; IndexBFr2 (2)

Vincke, Johannes Bernhard, born 11 May 1892 at Gretesch, near OsnabrOck, he received doctorates in 1927 and 1928 from the Universitat Freiburg im Breisgau and became a professor of Church history at his alma mater, and subsequently director of the Institut fur Religiose Volkskunde. His writings include Der Klerus des Bistums OsnabrOckim speien Mittelalter (1928), and Zur Vorgeschichte der spanischen Inquisition (1941). He died 3 March 1975. DrBilnd (2); KOrschner, 1950-1970; Weristwer, 1950-1962 Vincq, Jean Louis, born 20th cent., he was successively affiliated with the Institut national agronomique d'EI-Harrach and the Lycee agricole de Fonlabour, Albi. He was joint author of Groupe de base et transmission du savoir technique (1994). LC; Note Vinnikov, IAkov Romanovich, born about 1900, he was an ethnographer whose writings include X03f1UCmaO, «ynemype u 6blm censcsoeo necenenu« TypKMeHcKou CCP (1969). OSK Vinnikov, Isaak Natanovich, born in 1897 at Khotimsk, Mogilev Oblast, he received a doctorate in 1941 at Leningrad with a thesis entitled Apa6bl a CCCP. His writings include J.13 apxuaa flblOuca Fenpu MopaaHa (1935), Cnoeeps oueneeme 6yxapcKux apa60a (1962), and f/3b1K u cjJonbKnop 6yxapCKUX apa60a (1969). Krachkovskii; Miliband; Miliband 2 Vinogradov, Aleksandr Vladimirovich, born 24 January 1931, he became affiliated with the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology in the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include Heonumuuecsue neunmnuta: Xope3Ma (1968), nepa06blmHblCi flflanfiKaH (1975), and ,apeaHue oxomnuku U pbl60noabl Cpeoneesuemcxoeo Me>Koypellbfl (1981). Schoeberlein Vinogradov, Amal Rassam, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from the University of Michigan with a thesis entitled The Beni Mtir of the Middle Atlas; a study in Moroccan tribalism. Selim Vinogradov, Kirill Borisovich, born 20th cent., he wrote OllepKu enenuaceot) uomoouoepeipuu noeoeo u noeetiiueeo apeMeHu (1959), 50CHUCicKUCi KpU3UC 1908-1909 ee., nponoe nepeoi) uuooeoa aoCiHbl (1964), ,a3auo flnoCio ,a>KOpO>K [David Lloyd George] (1970), and Mupoaafl nonumuse 60-80-x eoooe XIX aeKa (1991); and he edited coeemcxe» u 3apy6e>KHafi ucmopuoepednin noeoa u noeetuuea ucmopuu (1981). LC Vinogradov, Viktor Sergeevich, born in 1899 at Kaluga Oblast, he was a musicologist who wrote MycblKa coeemcsoa Kupeusuu (1939), Kupau3Kafi HapooHafi My3blKa (1958), Kneccuueckue mpeouuuu upaHcKou My3blKU (1982), Mup My3blKU ouxoeme (1983), and he edited My3blKa Hapoooa A3UU u AcjJpuKu (1969-1984). KyrgyzSE Vinogradov, Vladlen Nikolaevich, born 20th cent., he wrote KpecmbflHcKoe eoccmenue 1907 eooe a PYMblHUU (1958), POCCUFI U 06eouHeHue PYMblHCKUX KHfI>KeCma (1961), and he edited ncmopu» PYMblHUU noeoeo U noeeaiueeo apeMeHu (1964), ncmoou« PYMblHUU (1971), and Me>KoyHapooHble omnoiuenun Ha Bensene» 1830-1856 (1990). LC Vinogradova, Sofiia Petrovna, born 13 November 1944 at Kislovodovsk, she graduated in 1971 from the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, and received her first degree in 1982 for rnaaonbHble ocnoeu a eeecmuccsux U ooeauaceux fl3blKax. Since 1978 she was affiliated with the Institute of Linguistics in the Academy of Science. Miliband 2 Vinson, Elie Honore Julien, born 19 January 1843 at Paris, he was educated at the College de Pondichery and Ecole forestiere de Nancy, but he soon changed to philology. He became a professor at the Ecole des Langues orientales vivantes, Paris, where he taught Hindustani in 1880. His writings include Essai d'une bibliographie de la langue basque (1891-1898). He died in 1926 or 1927. Qui etesvous, 1924; Vapereau Vinton, Sumner Redway, born 19th cent., he delivered in 1896 an unidentified commencement oration entitled The Crisis of 1823 - how met. In 1926 he was resident in New York, and a director of Visual Publicity of the Near East Relief. Note; NUC, pre-1956 Violard, Emile, born 19th cent., he wrote Le Banditisme en Kabylie (1895), De la Ceremique berbere (1897), L'Extreme-Sud tunisien (1905), La Tunisie du nord (1906), and De la Renovation des industries d'art indigene en Algerie (1922). BN Violet, Bruno, born 12 April 1871 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1896 from the Universitat Strar1burg for Uber die pa/astinensischen Martyrer des Eusebius von Casarea. He was in 1901 in Damascus. He served as a pastor at Friedrichs-Werder; his writings include Luther, der Volksmann (1925). KOrschner, 1931, 19351 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Viollette, Maurice Gabriel, born 3 September 1870 at Janville (Eure-et-Loir), he received a doctorate in 1896 from the Faculte de droit de Paris for Des Offres relies en droit frangais. After serving as a barrister at the Cour d'appel, he was elected independent socialist depute for Eure-et-Loir (1908-1928), and subsequently was senator for his constituency (1929-1940). He served from 1925 to 1929 as a governor-general of Algeria. His writings include Expose de la situation generale de 1'Algerie en 1925 (1926), and L'Algerie vivra-t-elle? (1931). DBFC, 1954/55; DcBMouvF; IndexBFr2 (2) Viollier, Georges, born 19th cent., he wrote Les Deux Algerie (Paris, 1898), Vers la Fortune, roman (Paris, 1907), and Guerre et kulture; vers a Guillaume /I par un neutre (Geneve, 1917). NUC, pre-1956 Viollis, Jean, pseud., 1877-1932 see Ardenne de Tizac, Jean Raymond Marie Henri d' Viorst, Milton, born 18 February 1930 at Paterson, N.J., he was a graduate of Rutgers University and received postgraduate degrees in history from Harvard and Columbia universities. He was a political journalist, specializing in the Arab-Israeli conflict as well as other Middle East topics. His writings include Hostile allies (1965), Reaching for the olive branch; UNRWA and peace in the Middle East (1989), Sandcastles; the Arabs in search of the modern world (1995), and In the shadow of the Prophet (1998). ConAu 9-12, new rev., 26, 55; IntAu&W, 1986, 1989; WhoAm, 1974-2002; WrDr, 1982/84-2002 Virabov, Aleksandr Gevorkovich, born 7 June 1930 at Akhaltsikhe, Georgia, he graduated in 1953 from the Oriental Institute, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1965 for OCHoBHble eonpocu nponuiunennoeo peseumue MapoKKo. Since 1965 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Academy of Science; he spent 1967 to 1971 in Algeria. His wrritings include MapoKKo; OCHOBHble np06neMbi 3KOHOMUlJeCKOaO peseumun 1956-1972 (1975), and OllepKu 3KOHOMUlieCKoao 0 couuensnoeo peseumust An>Kupa (1981). Miliband2 Viratelle, Gerard, born in 1937, he was an editor with Ie Monde, Paris. His writings include La Grande Bretagne a la recherche de I'Europe (1961), and L'Algerie algerienne (1970). LC; Note Virchow, Rudolf Ludwig Carl, born in 1821 at Schivelbein, Prussia, he was a pathologist and politician. He died in Berlin in 1902. AnaBrit; BiD&SB; DcBiPP; DcScB; DtBE; DtBilnd (20); EEE; EncBrit; EncicUni; GDU; GSE; MembriiAR; Meyers; Pallas; Who was who, 1

Vire, Armand Ernest Emile, born in 1869 at Lorrez-Ie-Bocage (Seine-et-Marne), he was a director of the Laboratoire de biologie souterraine at l'Ecole pratique des Hautes Etudes, where he specialized in the study of cavernous fauna. His writings include A travers les Cevennes (1898), and Lacave a travers les ages (1994). He died in Moissac, 15 July 1951. Revue archeologique 44 (1954), p. 79 Vire, Francois, born 20th cent., he translated from the Arabic, Le Trelie de I'art de volerie (1965-66), and from the Arabic of Muhammad Ibn Manjli, De la Chasse (1984). LC Virolleaud, Jean Charles Gabriel, born 2 JUly 1879 at Barbezieux (Charente), he studied Arabic, Persian, history and geography at Paris, went on linguistic study travel to Hamadan and Tehran, from 1913 to 1914, and received a docteur es lettres in 1936. He became a director of the Service des Antiquites in the French mandates in the Levant, from 1920 to 1929. He subsequently served as a professor of ancient Near Eastern history as well as history of religion first at Lyon and then at Paris. His writings include Le Theatre persan, ou Ie Drame de Kerbela (1950). He died 17 December 1968. DBFC, 1954/5; IndexBFr2 (1); Qui est-ce, 1934; WhoFr, 1955/56-1967/68

Virtosu (Vartosu), Emil, born about 1900, he was a Rumanian historian who wrote I. Heliade Radulescu (Bucuresti, 1928), Tudor Vladimirescu (1936), Palatul regal cum a fost In trecut (1937), Romanatul; moneta lui Cuza Voda (1941), Paleografia romeno-chinuce (1968), and he edited lonica Tautul, Scrieri social-politice (Bucuresti, 1974). LC Visatov, I., fl. 1926, he wrote np06neMbi cOBpeMeHHoiJ nepcuiJ; OUCKyCCUOHHbliJ C60pHUK (1927). Viscasillas y Urriza, Mariano, born 3 February 1835 at Zaragoza, he studied philosophy, letters, and law at the University and received doctorates in 1858 and 1869. He was successively a professor of comparative grammar as well as Semitic languages at Zaragoza, Barcelona, and Madrid. His writings include Gremeiice hebrea (Barcelona, 1872), and Nueva gramatica hebrea (Madrid, 1895). He died in 1912. EncicUni; IndiceE3 (3) Vischer, Adolf Lucas Jacob, born 31 December 1884 at Basel, he studied medicine at Bern, Basel, MOnchen and London. He was a special attache at the Swiss Legation, London, 1916-1917, a member of the Basel medical mission to the Serbo-Turkish theatre of war and a delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross to Turkish prisoner of war camps, 1917. From 1926 to 1936 he was a member of Grosser Rat des Kantons Basel-Stadt. He later served as a surgeon and head of a municipal old age home at Basel. His writings include An der serbischen Front; Erlebnisse eines Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Arztes auf dem serbisch-tOrkischen Kriegsschauplatz, 1912 (1913), Die Stacheldrahtkrankheit; Beltrege zur Psychologie des Kriegsgefangenen (1918), and its translation, Barbed wire disease (1919), Das Alter als Schicksal und ErfOllung (1942), its translation, Old age, its compensations and rewards (1947), and Seelische Wandlung beim alternden Menschen (1949). He died after 1954. Neue schweizer Biographie (1938); SchBiAr4 (1954), p, 139; SchZLex; WhoSwi, 1950/51, 1955, 1960/61, 1964/65, 1966/67,1968/69

Vischer, Andreas, born about 1870, he gained a Dr. med. in 1904 from the Universitat Basel for Ober SarcomObertragungsversuche. In April 1905 he became a medical missionary at Urfa, where he served until the 1920s with the Deutsche Orient-Mission of Johannes Lepsius. Note Vischer, Sir Hanns, born 14 September 1876 at Basel, he was educated in Switzerland and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He was a member of the Church Missionary Society Hausa Mission, 1900-1901. From 1923 to 1939 he was affiliated with the Colonial Office, London. His writings include Across the Sahara from Tripoli to Bornu (London, 1910). He died 19 February 1945. Whe&EA; Who was who,4

Visscher, Fernand Marie Emile de, 1885-1964 see De Visscher, Fernand Marie Emile de Visscher, Paul, born in 1916 at Oxford, he was a sometime professor at the Universite de Louvain. His writings include De la conclusion des treites internationaux (1943), and Evolution constitutionnelle en Belgique et relations internationales (1984). LC de Vissec, Lucien Francois Joseph Andre Delphon, born in 1872, his writings, partly under the pseudonym Andre Vemleres, include Camille Frison, ouvriere de la couture (Paris, 1908), Les Filets bleus, roman (Paris, 1923), and La Route lumineuse (Moulins, 1946). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Vissiere, Arnold Jacques Antoine, born 2 August 1858 at Paris, he graduated in 1879 from l'Ecole des langues orientales vivantes, Paris. and in 1880 entered the foreign service as an interpreter. He was a Chinese scholar, a sometime professor at his alma mater as well as a consul-general. He edited Recherches sur les Musulmans chinois (1911), and Etudes sino-mahometanes (1911-1913). He died in 1930. Qui etes-vous, 1924 Visvizi (Visvize )-Dontas, Domna, he was a Greek historian who wrote The Last phase of the war of independence in western Greece (1966), HloTopfa TOU IlETarrOAElllKOU KOOIlOU, 1945-1970 (Athens, 1973), and he was joint editor of Greece in transition; essays in the history of modern Greece, 18211974 (1977). LC Vita, Alessandro del, 1885- see Del Vita, Alessandro Vita-Finzi, Claude, born 21 November 1936 at Sidney, he studied at Cambridge, where he received a Ph.D. in 1961 with a thesis entitled Recent alluvial history of the Eastern Gebel, Tripolitania. Since 1964 he was affiliated with the University of London. His writings include The Mediterranean valleys; geological changes in historical times (1969), and Recent earth movements; an introduction to neotectonics (1986). ConAu 89-92; Sluglett; WhoWor, 1989/90; WrDr, 1976/78-2002 Vitale, Serge, fl. 20th cent., he gained a doctorate and was resident in Cairo in 1941 and in 1952, and a member of the Societe Fouad ler d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. Note Vitashevskii, Nikolai Alekseevich (Mikolaj Witaszewski), born 28 September 1857 at Odessa, he was an ethnographer and historian of Yakut art. His writings include Cmepe» u noeen flKymcKafi ccunxe (St. Petersburg, 1907). He died in 1918. Etnografia polska 4 (1961), pp. 141-152; SibirSE Vitelleschi. Francesco Nobili, 1829-1906 see Nobili Vitelleschi, Francesco Vitestam, Nils Gosta, born 2 March 1921 at Kivik, Sweden, he studied Oriental languages at Lund and received a doctorate in 1960. He SUbsequentlybecame affiliated with Lunds Universitet as a professor of Semitic languages, with special reference to Arabic. He edited The Treasure of princes on the fashion of behaviour, ascribed to Sibt Ibn al-Djauzi (1970), and other classical Arabic works. DcScandB; Vern ar det, 1973-2001; WhoScand; WhoWor, 1978/79

Vital, Aleksandr Vladimirovich, born 14 August 1949 at Tashkent, he graduated in 1972 from Leningrad State University and received his first degree in 1982 for Octaencxe« uunepu« e nepeolJ mpemu XVII eexe; 3anO>KOeHUe uoelJ otinoenenu« eocyoepcmee. His writings include OCMaHcKafi uunepu» (1987). Miliband2 Viton, Albert, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1941 from Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, with a thesis entitled The A mandates of the Near East. From 1936 to 1939 he seems to have been a Palestine correspondent for an American newspaper syndicate. His writings include Great Britain, an empire in transition (1940), and American empire in Asia? (1943). LC; Note; Selim Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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de Vitray-Meyerovitch, Eva Lamacque, born 20th cent., she gained a doctorate. Her writings include Henry VIII (Paris, 1964), ROmT et Ie soufisme (1977), its translation, ROmT and Sufism (1987), Konya; ou, la danse cosmique (1989), Islam, I'autre visage (1991); she was joint author of Le Chant du soleil (1993); she edited Anthologie du soufisme (1978); and she translated from Muhammad Iqbal, Le Livre de l'etemiie (Paris, 1962). BN; LC

Vitta, Edoardo Asher, born 27 February 1913 at Firenze, he studied at the University and gained a doctorate in law. In 1939 he settled in Palestine, where he later served as an adviser to the Department of Legal Planning in the Israeli Ministry of Justice. In 1959 he was a profesor of public law at the Unlversita di Cagliari. He also was a sometime professor at Firenze. His writings include La Validite des treltes internationaux (1940), Conflitti interni ed internazionali (1954-55), and Corso di diritto internazionale privato e processuale, 3d ed. (1990). Chi e, 1961; Wholsrael, 1952; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978 Vivante, Cesare, born in 1855 at Venezia, he successively was a professor of common law at Parma, Bologna, and Roma. His writings include Istituzioni di diritto commerciale (1894), its translations, Derecho mercantil (19--), InstituiQoes de dereito commercial (1918), and Principii de drept comercial (Bucurestl, 1928); and he was an editor of the Rivista del diritto commerciale. Chi e, 1908; IndBI (2) Vives y Escudero, Antonio, born in 1859, he was a member of the Real Academia de la Historia, and a contributor to the Boletfn de la Sociadad Espanola de Excursiones, 1897. His writings include Monedas de las dinastfas arabigo-espanolas (1893), La moneda hispanica (1924-26), and Estudio de arqueologfa cartaginesa (1917). IndiceE3(1) Vivian, Herbert, born 3 April 1865 at Chichester, he was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became a newspaper editor, special correspondent, journalist and biographer who travelled extensively. His writings include Abyssinia; through the lion-land to the court of the Lion of Judah (1901), Italy at war (1917), Secret societies, old and new (1927), Myself not least, being the personal reminiscences of "X" (1923), and Kings in waiting (1933). He died 18 April 1940. Master (3); WhE&EA; Who was who, 3

Vivien, Alain Gerard Philippe, born 20 August 1938 at Melun (Seine-et-Marne), he was a professor, municipal and parliamentary administrator, and socialist depute at the Commission des Affaires etranqeres, His writings include Les Sectes en France; expressions de la liberte morale ou facteurs de manipulations? Rapport au premier ministre (1985), and La Renovation de la cooperation ttsnceise; rapport au premier ministre (1991). WhoFr, 1977/78-2002 Vivien de Saint-Martin, Louis, born 22 May 1802 at Saint-Andre de Fontenay, in the vicinity of Caen, and brought up in humble circumstances, he became an outstanding French geographers whose reputation is based not least on his Etude sur la geography et les populations primitives du nord-ouest de I'Inde o'epree les hymnes vediques (1860), and Le Nord de l'Afrique dans I'antiquite grecque et romaine (1863). His other writngs include Description historique et geographique de l'Asie mineure (1852). He was successively a secretary and president of the Societe de geographie de Paris, and for fourteen years edited the Annales de voyages. In 1863 he founded the Annee geographique. A solitary worker throughout his life, he found joy in his labours. Above all, independence seems to have been a quality of his character. On his death on 26 December 1896, the death certificate was signed by the monumental masons and the sole mourner at the funeral was his housekeeper. BbD; BiD&SB; Geographers 6 (1982), pp. 133-138; IndexBFr2

Vizetelly, Edward Henry, born in 1847, he was a journalist who wrote The Reminiscences of a bashibazouk (1897), and From Cyprus to Zanzibar by the Nile Delta (1901). He died in 1904. NUC, pre-1956 Vlachos, Georges S., born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in law in 1967 from the Universite d'AixMarseille for Planification et droit public. He was a sometime lecturer at the Economics Department in the Universite d'Alger as well as a maitre-assistant delegated to the Centre universitaire des AntillesGuyane. His writings include Institutions administratives et economicues de 1'Algerie (1973). Note Vladimirtsov, Boris IAkovlevich, born in 1884 at Kaluga, Russia, he studied at the Sorbonne, and graduated in 1909 from the Faculty of Oriental Languages, St. Petersburg. Since 1915 he was affiliated with his alma mater. His writings include ueneuc XaH (1922), its translations, The Life of Chingis-Khan (1930), Gengis-Khan (1948), Cengiz Han (1950), 06pa3L(bl MOH80nbcKoli neponot: cnoeecnocmu (1926), and coeenumensnen 8paMMamuKa MOH8onbCK080 nUCbMeHH080 R3blKa u xenxecsoeouepeuu« (1929). He died 17 August 1931. Miliband; Miliband2 Vlangali, Aleksandr Georgievich, born in 1823, he was a mining engineer. His writings include Wlangali's Reise nach der ostlichen Kirgizen-Steppe, abersetzt von Dr. Loewe (St. Petersburg, c1856, 1969). He died in 1908. LC; NYPL Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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van Vloten, Gerlof, born 7 June 1866 at Deventer, the Netherlands, he studied Semitics at the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, where he received a doctorate in 1890 for his thesis, De opkomst der Abbasiden in Chorasan. He was an editor of Arabic texts and interested in Oriental folklore and ethnology. His writings include Recherches sur la domination arabe (1894), and Ein arabischer Naturphilosoph (elDschahiz) (1918). He died in Noordwijk aan Zee, 20 March 1903. FOck; Nieuw NBW

Voblikov, Dmitrii Rodionovich, born in 1911 at Lugansk, Ukraine, he graduated in 1941 at Moscow and received his first degree in 1950 for 3aKoH CiliA 0 neampenumeme u eeo nouuenenue e umanoa6uccuHCKOU eotine 1935-1936. Since 1957 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Academy of Science. His writings include 3cfJuonuR (1959), 3cfJuonuR e 60pb6e sa coxpenenue neeeeucuuocmu 1860-1960 (1961), Pecny6nuKa Cyoen (1978), and CyoaH; ucmooun u coeoeueunocmi, (1984). Miliband2

Vocelka, Karl Gerhard, born 23 May 1947 at Wien, he received doctorates in 1971 and 1978 from the Universltat Wien, where he subsequently became a professor of Austro-Hungarian history, and later also chairman, Institut fur Geschichte. His writings include Geschichte Osterreichs (2000). KOrschner, 1987-2001; WhoWor, 1989/90

Vocht, Henri Alphonse de, 1878-1962 see De Vocht, Henri Alphonse Vocke, Harald, born 20th cent., he wrote Das Schwert und die Sterne; ein Ritt durch den Jemen (1965), Was geschah im Libanon? (1977), its translation, The Lebanese war (1978), Der umstrittene Krieg im Libanon (1980), Die toten Christen im Libanon (1985), and 1m Duft der Zeit; Begegnung mit dem Morgenland (1988). LC; Sezgin Voegelin, Charles Frederick, born 14 January 1906 at N.Y.C., he graduated in 1927 from Stanford University and received his Ph.D. in 1932 from the University of California for his grammar of a North American Indian language. Since 1941 he was a professor of anthropology, and chairman of department, Indiana University, Bloomington. He was a writer on American Indian anthropology and linguistics; his writings include The Shawnee female deity (1936). During World War two, he was assigned to write a Turkish handbook for the U.S. Army. One of his major contributions was his revival of the International journal of American linguistics in 1944. He died in 1986. American anthropologist 91 (1989), pp. 727-729; AmM&W5, 19735,1976 P; IndAu,1947; Master (2)

Voegelin, Eric Herman Wilhelm, born in 1901 at Koln, he was educated at Wien. He was an outstanding political theorist who elevated political science to a source of new knowledge that also revived old insights. He did his real trail-blazing after leaving Europe in 1938 and settling in the United States first at the University of Alabama and then Lousiana State University; after that, ten years at MOnchen, and back to the U.S., this time at the Hoover Institution, with regular guest semesters at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. His writings include Die politischen Religionen (1938), The New science of politics (1951), and Order of history (1956-57). He died in California in 1985. AmM&W5, 19735; AnObit, 1985, pp. 47-48; BioHbDtE; ConAu 114,132; DtBE; Master (14); National review 37 (22 February 1985), p. 23; WhAm 8

Voeikov (BOe~KoB), Aleksandr Ivanovich, born 8 (20) May 1842 at Moscow, he was a geographer and meteorologist who studied at S1. Petersburg, and obtained a Dr.phil. degree in 1865 from the Universitat Gottingen for Ober die directe Insolation und Strahlung an verschiedenen Orten der Erdoberflache. He travelled extensively in the Caucasus, Crimea, and Central Asia. Since the late 1880s he was a professor of geography at S1. Petersburg. His writings include Le Turkestan russe (Paris, 1914). He died in Petrograd, 9 (27) February 1916. Embacher; Geographische Zeitschrift23 (1917), p. 46; GSE Vogel, Eduard, born in 1829 at Krefeld, he studied mathematics and astronomy at Leipzig and Berlin, where he received his doctorate; in 1851 he engaged in astronomical work at the private observatory of George Bishop in Regent's Park, London. In 1853 he was chosen by the British Government to take supplies to Heinrich Barth, then in the western Sudan; and Vogel met Barth in 1854 at Kuka in Bornu. During 1854 and 1855 he explored the countries around Lake Chad and the upper course of the Benue; on 1 December 1855 he left Kuka for the Nile Valley and disappeared. Several search expeditions were organized to ascertain his fate and to recover his papers; it was not until 1873 that Gustav Nachtigal on reaching Wadai learnt that Vogel had been murdered in that country in February 1856. His writings include Ed. Vogel, der Afrika-Reisende; Schilderungen der Reisen und Entdeckungen des Dr. Eduard Vogel in Central-Afrika, in der groBen Waste in den Lenaern des Sudan, bearbeitet von Hermann Wagner (1860). His sister, Elise Polko, wrote Erinnerungen an einen Verschollenen; Aufzeichnungen und Briefe von und abet Vogel (1863), and Adolf Pahde, Der Afrikaforscher Eduard Vogel (1889). ADtB, vol. 40, pp. 100-108; DtBE; DtBilnd (3); Embacher; EncBrit; Sky and telescope40 (1970), p. 213

Vogel, Jean Philippe, born 9 January 1871 at s'Gravenhage, he studied at Amsterdam, where he gained a doctorate in 1897. He was a Sanskrit scholar, and from 1901 to 1915 a superintendent, Archaeological Survey of India, Lahore. He subsequently served at Leiden as a professor of Sanskrit Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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and Indian archaeology until his retirement in 1938. His writings include Antiquities of Chamba State (1911), De Buddhistische kunst van voor-lndie (1932), its translation, Buddhist art in India (1936), and Tile mosaics of the Lahore Fort (1971). He died in Oegstgeest (Z.H.), 10 April 1951. BWN, vol. 4, pp. 530-531; Wie is dat, 1948, 1956

Vogel, Kurt, born in 1888 at Altdorf near NOrnberg, he was a mathematics teacher before the Great War. After wartime service, he returned to teaching, spending the bulk of his career from 1927 to his retirement in 1954 at the renowned Maximilians-Gymnasium, MOnchen. As he resumed his own studies again in 1920, he returned to a long-standing interest in ancient Egyptian mathematics and received a doctorate in 1929 at MOnchen for Die Grundlagen der agyptischen Arithmetik. After his retirement he devoted his efforts in particular to the edition and translation of numerous arithmetical manuscripts from quite different cultural provenance. His writings include Kleinere Schriften zur Geschichte der Mathematik (1988). He died 27 October 1985. OtBE; Isis 77 (1986), 667-69; KOrschner, 1935-83 Vogel, Walther, born 19 December 1880 at Chemnitz, Germany, he gained a doctorate in 1906 at Berlin and became a professor of historical geography at the Universitat. His writings include Geschichte der deutschen Schiffahrt (1915), Das neue Europa und seine historisch-geographischen Grundlagen (1921), and Politische Geographie (1922). He died in 1938. KOrschner,1925-1935; Werist's, 1922-1935 Vogel, Wolfgang, born 30 October 1925 at Wilhelmsthal, Germany, he studied law at Leipzig and Jena. From 1961 to 1989 he served the East German government as legal adviser in cases of family reunification as well as ransom payments to the West German government for Eastern political prisoners. WhoSoCE, 1989 Vogelsang, Hans, he gained a Dr.phiL, and became a professor at Piaristen- und SchottenGymnasium, Wien. He was also a writer and affiliated with the Wiener Katholische Akademie. His writings include Nikolaus Lenaus Lebenstragodie (1952), Paula Grogger (1952), Karl scnonnen' zum 10. Todestag (1953), Maria Veronika Rubatscher (1954), and Osterreichische Dramatik des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts (1963). Note Vogt, Abbe Francois Charles Albert, born in 1874, he received a doctorate in 1908 from the Universite de Paris for Basile ler, empereur de Byzance, 867-886, et la civilisation byzantine a la fin du IXe siecte. BN; NUC, pre-1956

Vogt, Hans Kamstrup, born 1 June 1903 at Fedrikstad, Norway; he attended the Lycee Corneille at Rouen for two years, receiving a baccalaureat in 1921. He then studied mathematics and classical languages at Oslo and Paris, went for a year and a half to Tiflis to study Georgian and other South Caucasian languages and received a doctorate in 1936 at Oslo for Esquisse d'une grammaire du georgien moderne. He later even did field-work in Turkey, using Turkish as a medium of communication, to rescue from oblivion Ubykh, a Northwest Caucasian language, a project which resulted in his Dictionnaire de la langue oubykh (1963). He served in a variety of capacities as a linguist in Norway. In 1966 he was awarded an honorary doctorate at Tiflis. His writings also include Grammaire de la langue georgienne (1971), and De kaukasische sprak og sprakvitenskapen (1973). Hem er hvem, 19481979; International journal of American linguistics 55 (1989), pp. 83-85; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77

Vogt, John Leonard, born 10 June 1940 at Luray, Va., he graduated in 1962 from the University of Virginia abd received a Ph.D. in history in 1978. Since 1966 he was affiliated with the Department of History of his alma mater. His writings include Portuguese rule on the Gold Coast, 1469-1682 (1979). OrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H

Vogt-Goknil, Ulya, born in 1921, she received a doctorate in 1951 at ZOrich for Architekturbeschreibung und Raumbegriff bei neueren Kunsthistorikern, a work which was also published entitled Architektonische Grundbegriffe und Umraumerlebnis. She was an art historian and architect at ZOrich. Her writings include TOrkische Moscheen (1953), its translation, Les Mosquees turques (1953), Die Moschee (1978), and FrOhislamische Bogenwande (1981). GV; LC Vogue, Charles Jean Melchior, born 18 October 1829 at Paris, he came to prominence on account of his archaeological studies based on explorations in Palestine and Syria during the years 1853 and 1854. Twelve years later, he was elected to the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. From 1871 to 1875, he was French ambassador in Constantinople. He was elected to the Academie fran8 aise in 1901. His writings include Le Temple de Jerusalem: monographie du Haram-ech-Cherif (1864), Melanges o'ercneotocte orientale (1868), and Syrie, Palestine, Mont Athos; voyage (1876). From 1893 to 1911 he was editor of Revue de I'Orient. He died in Paris, 10 November 1916. BbO; BiO&SB; IndexBFr 2 (5); Journal asiatique, 11e serie, 10 (1917),313-345; Master (3)

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Rostock and Leipzig, where he died 18 August 1891. His writings include Die Wiederbelebung des classischen Altertums (1859), its translation, /I risorgimento dell'antichita classica (1868), and Die Geschichtsschreibung aber oen Zug Karls V. gegen Tunis, 1535 (1872). ADtB; BiD&SB; DtBE; DtBiind (4)

Voigt, GOnther, born 19th cent., he was an army officer who retired with the rank of captain. He was in 1915 a member of the Oskar von Niedermayer Afghanistan expedition. His trace is lost after a 1922 publication. Note

Voigt, Rainer Maria, born 17 January 1944 at Neuruppin, Germany, he received a doctorate in 1974 at Marburg with a thesis entitled Das tigrinische Verba/system, a work which was published in 1977. He was a lecturer at TObingen before he was appointed in 1988 a professor of Semitic studies at the Freie Universltat Berlin, a post which he still held in 2001. His writings include Die infirmen Verbaltypen des Arabischen und das Biradikalismus-Problem (1988). KUrschner, 1996,2001

Voigt, Willi Manfred, born 9 December 1929 at Chemnitz, Germany, he trained as a merchant and received an extra mural high school diploma in 1951 at the workers and peasants faculty, Leipzig. He studied economics at Leipzig, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1962 for Die AuBenhande/spolitik der Deutschen Bundesrepublik, and a Dr.habil. in 1969 for Hauptlinien und Tendenzen der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung und der Wirtschaftspolitik in Agypten bis zum Beginn der antikapitalistischen MaBnahmen. In 1964 he was appointed head of the economics division of Orientalisches Institut, Universltat Leipzig, and later became a professor at the Sektion Afrika- und Nahostwissenschaft. He was joint editor of Industrialisierung in Entwicklungs/andern (1975), and Arabische Staaten; Bilanz, Probleme, Entwicklungstendenzen (1988). KUrschner, 19921; Thesis

Voigt, Wolfgang, born 25 June 1911 in Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1937 from the Universitat Marburg for Die Wertung des Tieres in der zarathustrischen Religion. Afterwards he was a librarian at Marburg and Berlin. During his time as head of circulation at the Westdeutsche Bibliothek, Marburg, he published a list of German library symbols. During his time as head of the Oriental Department at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin he acted mainly as administrator of the extramural Oriental cataloguing project and thus contributed to the decline of the Department, which continued unabated into the twenty-first century. He died in Berlin, 30 August 1982. Manuscripts of the Middle East 1 (1986), pp. 103-104; Private; Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft 135 (1983), pp. 1-10

Voigtel-Bolgiani, Madame Valeska MOiler, she was a historical novelist whose writings, partly under the pseudonym Arthur Stahl, include 1m Lande der Pharaonen; Reisebilder (Wien, 1869), its translation, Pharaonernas land (Stockholm, 1869), and Die Tochter der Alhambra; historischer Roman (Berlin, 1869). She died in 1876. DtBiind - Bolgiani (1); Voigtel (2)

Voillaume, Rene, born 20th cent., he wrote Les Fraternites du pete Foucauld; mission et esprit (1947), Au Cceur des masses (1952), its translation, Seeds of the desert; the legacy of Charles de Foucauld (1955), Retraite a Beni-Abbes (1972), Eternel vivant (1977), and its translation, The Living God (1980).

Voinot, Louis, born about 1875, he had been a sous-Iieutenant for some time when he requested a transfer to Algeria in the summer of 1898. After a few years at Miliana, he served in a Saharan company stationed at Tidikelt, where his range of action extended as far as Ahaggar. He was promoted to captain in March 1908, head of native affairs at Oudjda in 1910, and head of the Cercle d'Oudjda in 1912. During the first World War he saw action in Champagne and Lorraine, and in the post-war period he was with the Armee du Rhin. He returned to North Africa in 1925 to become commander of the Cercle de Marrakech banlieue. He published widely in North African periodicals, and also took an active interest in learned societies of Algeria and Morocco. He was commandeur de la Legion d'honneur. He retired from military service with the rank of colonel in 1941. His writings include Operations dans les oasis sahariennes (1903), Sur les traces glorieuses des pacifications du Maroc (1939), Petenneqes iuaeo-musutmens du Maroc (1948). Peyronnet, pp. 544-547

Voisin, Georges, pseudo see Urbain, Ismael Thomas, 1812Voizard, Pierre, born 22 August 1896 at Toul (Meurthe-et-Moselle); after wartime service, he com-

pleted his law and in 1921 entered the public administration as a redecteur at the Prefecture de la Moselle. In 1923 he was a controteur civil first in Tunisia and then in Morocco, before becoming in 1929 chef du cabinet civil of the Resident general, Lucien Saint. After posts in Metropolitan France from 1932 to 1941, five years in the French zone of occupation in Austria, and three years in Monaco, he was appointed in 1953 Resident general in Tunisia. He died on 21 December 1982. DBFC, 1954/55; Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 487-488; WhoFr, 1965/66-1982

Voje, Ignacij, born 28 February 1926 at Ljubljana, he gained a doctorate and became a professor of history at Ljubljana. JugoslSa, 1970; SlovBioL

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Volbaeh, Wolfgang Friedrich, born 28 August 1892 at Mainz, he studied fine art at TObingen, MOnster and Berlin, and received a Dr.phil. in 1917 from the Universitat GieBen for Die Darstellung des hlg. Georg zu Pferd. He was affiliated with public museums in Mainz and Berlin from 1915 to 1933, when he emigrated to Italy, where he served until 1946 as a director of the Vatican Museo Sacro. From 1950 to 1958 he was a director of ROmisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz, where he died on 23 December 1988. BioHbDtE; DtBE; KOrschner, 1926-1987 Volek, Johann Christoph Wilhelm, born 18 November 1835 at NOrnberg, he studied at Erlangen and Leipzig, where he was a student of the Orientalist H. L. Fleischer. He received his Dr.phil. in 1859. He was from 1862 to 1892 a professor of Semitic languages as well as Persian at the Universitat Dorpat. Since 1892 he was successively a professor at Greifswald and Rostock, where he died 29 May 1904. His writings include Der Segen Mose's (1873), and Heilige Schrift und Kritik (1897). Baltisch (7); DtBE; Hinrichsen; Krachkovskii

Volin, S. L., born in 1909, he edited and translated C60pHUK uemepuenoe omHOCflUJ,UXCfl K ucmopuu 30nomou OPObl (1941); he edited Mamepuanbl no ucmopuu mypKMeH u TypKMeHuu (1939), and 03ene4eHufi U3 neocuockux C04UHeHUU (1941), and he was joint editor of Boccmenue 1916 aooa e CpeoHeu A3UU (1932). He died in 1943. KazakSE, vol. 3, p. 62 Volk, Otto Heinrich, born 6 December 1903 at Richen, Germany, he received a Dr.phil.nat. in 1931 from the Universltat Jena for Beitrage zur Ckologie der Sandvegetation der oberrheinischen Tiefebene, and a Dr.habil. in 1936 at WOrzburg. He was a lifelong professor of agricultural geography and ecology at Worzurg, where he died 28 January 2000. KOrschner, 1940-1996 Volkoff, Oleg Vladimirovich, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Institut francais d'archeoloqie orientale du Caire. His writings include Comment on visitait la vallee du Nil (1967), A la recherche de manuscrits en Egypte (1970), Le Caire, 969-1969; histoire (1971), its translation, 1000 Jahre Kairos (1984), Voyageurs russes en Egypte (1972), and Index de I'ouvrage du prince Omar Tousson (1992), and he edited Voyage en Egypte de Michael Heberer von Bretten, 1585-1586 (1976). LC Volkov, Armant Borisovich, born 24 April 1924 at Vladimir, Russia, he graduated in 1951 from the Moscow Oriental Institute and received his first degree for Koonepemuenoe OeU>KeHUe peseumue eocyoepcmeennoeo «enumenusue e nsoeen«. Since 1966 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Academy of Science. He spent the years 1957 to 1959 in Iran, and 1963 to 1966 in Israel. His writings include t'ocvaeocmeo 03paunb u BceMupHbliJ eepeucKuu «oneoncc (1991). Miliband 2 Volkov (Wolkoff), Matviei (Mathieu) Stepanovich, born in 1802, his writings include Premisses philosophiques de l'economie naturelle des societes (1849), Opuscules sur la rente conciere (1854), OmpbleKu U3 3aapaHu4HbiX nUC3M, 1844-1848 (1857), and Lectures d'economle politique rationelle (1861). He died in 1875. EnSlovar Volkov, Vladimir Konstantinovich, born in 1930, he was a writer on contemporary history. He edited MIOHxeH - npeooeepue eoiinu; ucmoouuecsue 04epKu (1988), 04epKu ucmopuu Kynbmypbl cneesn (1996); and he was joint editor of CCCP u cmoenu HapooHou oeMoKpamuu (1985), and MaKeooHufl; nym» ceuocmonmenenocmu: oOKyMeHmbl (1997). LC Volkova, Natalia Georgievna, born 14 December 1931 at Moscow, she graduated from the Faculty of History, Moscow, and received her first degree in 1973 for 3mHuliecKuiJ cocmae CeeepnoeoKaeKa3a e XIX - neuene XX eeKa. Since 1959 she was affiliated with the Institute of Ethnography in the Academy of Science. Her writings include 3mHoHuMbi u nneMeHHble Ha3eaHUFI Ceeepnoeo Keexese (1973), 5blmoeafl Kynbmypa rpy3uu XIX-XX eekoe (1982), and she was joint editor of Cmpenuuu omeuecmeennoeo«eesesoeeaenu» (1992). Miliband2 Volkova, Ziata Nikolaevna, born 20th cent., she was a philologist whose writings include 3noc (/JpaHlJ,UU; ucmopun fl3blK (1984), and PyCCKUU snoc; y4e6Hoe nocotiue no aHanumu4ecKoMY 4meHUIO (1990). LC VolI, John Obert, born 20 April 1936 at Hudson, Wisc., he graduated in 1958 from Dartmouth College and received a Ph.D. in 1969 from Harvard with a thesis entitled A history of the Khatmiyyah tariqah in the Sudan. He had a long acquaintance with the Sudan, beginning with over a year's stay there in 1963-64 and later visits both to the country and to sources of research material on British policy in the Sudan. From 1965 to his retirement he was affiliated with the Department of History in the University of New Hamshire at Durham. His writings include Historical dictionary of the Sudan (1978), Islam; continuity and change in the modern world (1982), and he was joint author of The Sudan; unity and diversity in a multicultural state (1985). ConAu 129, new rev. 67; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members,1982-1990; NatFacDr,1994; Note; Selim; WhoAm, 1984-1995; WhoE, 1979-1989/90; WhoWor, 1993/94-19981

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VolI, Sarah nee Potts, born 13 November 1942 at Wilmington, Del., she graduated from Goucher College, Towson, Md., and received a Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of New Hampshire. She was a private economic consultant in Egypt during 1978-79. In 1980 she became District Office Manager, U.S. Census, Portsmouth, N.H. Her writings include A Plough in field arable (1980), and she was joint author of The Sudan; unity and diversity in a multicultural state (1985). Master (2); MESA Roster of members, 1990; WhoAmW, 1981-1983/84; WhoE, 1989/90-1993/94

Vollenhoven, Joost van, 1877-1918 see Van Vollenhoven Joost Vollers, Carl, born 19 March 1857 at Hooksiel, Jeverland, he studied theology and Oriental languages at TObingen, Halle, Berlin and Stra~burg. He was a librarian at the Konigliche Bibliothek, Berlin, from 1875 to 1879, when he succeeded W. Spitta at the Vice-Royal Library, Cairo, a post which he held until 1896. He subsequently became a professor of Semitic languages at Jena, where he died 5 January 1909. He edited a number of classical Arabic works. He came to prominence with his theory that the original Koran was recorded in the Meccan dialect and only later edited in literary Arabic, a fallacy as Noldeke immediately pointed out. DtBiind (1); FOck de Volney, Constantine Francois Chassebreuf, comte, born in 1757 at Craon (Maine-et-Loire), he inherited a moderate fortune and studied medicine, history and Oriental languages. When twenty-five years of age he went to Egypt and Syria, where he resided several years. He was a member of the Etats generaux and the Assembles constituante as well as a sometime professor of history at the Ecole normale. His writings include Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte (1787), its translations, Travels through Syria and Egypt (1787), and Reise nach Egypten und Syrien (1877-1800), Les Ruines (1791), a work which was translated into many languages, and Simplification des langues orientales (1795). He died in Paris, 25 April 1820. Jean Gaulmier submitted a thesis in 1951 at the Universite de Beyrouth entitled L'ideologue Volney. AnaBrit; BbD; DcBiPP; DcScB; Egyptology; EncBrit; GDU; Hoefer; Hommes et destins, vol. 7, pp. 488-90; IndexBFr2 (9); Master (6); MeyaAI tMIVIK{3 eYKuKAoTTaloela, vol. 7 (1919), pp. 491-92; Pallas

Volonakis (Volonakes), Michael D., born in 1875, he wrote naAJ.lofT'70 KUTTpOU (1913), Greece on the eve of resurrection (1920), Saint Sophia and Constantinople (1920), The Island of Roses and her seven sisters (1922), and tlavxooutoo totoota (1947). NUC, pre-1956 Volonter, M. P., pseud., 1871-1927 see Vel'tman, Mikhail Lazarevich Volosatov, Vladimir Alekseevich, born 18 October 1933 at Perm, Russia, he graduated in 1958 from the Oriental Faculty in the Moscow State Institute of International Relations, and subsequently entered the foreign service. He was posted to Lebanon, 1958-59, Algeria, 1966-71, France, 1966-71, and Spain,1977-82. Miliband2 Voloshina, Galina Aleksandrovna, born 4 June 1927 at Novosibirsk, she graduated in 1951 from the Oriental Faculty at the Central Asian State University, Tashkent, and received her first degree in 1962 with a thesis entitled «3u6-u-mapuxa» XycauHa Anu - ManOU3eecmHbiU UCmO'-lHUK no ucmopuu AcjJaaHucmaHa u ceeepo-seneonoc UHaUU. Since 1957 she was affiliated with the Oriental Faculty in the Uzbek Academy of Science. Miliband; Miliband2 Volosovich, Svetlana Borisovna, she wrote the booklet, U306pa3umenbHoe ucxyccmeo Kupau3Kou CCP (Moscow, 1957). NYPL Volpi, Benito, born in 1930, he was an Italian-trained Orientalist who became a lecturer in Italian studies at Cairo and subsequently taught Islamics at Roma. In 1964 he entered the diplomatic service. IntYB,1998

Volta, Sandro, born 14 April 1900 in Lucca province, Italy, he was a journalist and a sometime Paris correspondent of la Stampa. His writings include Graziani e Neghelli (1936), and La Corle di re Yahia (1941), and its translation, Am Hofe des Konigs Yahia; Reise ins Mokkaland (1942). Chi e, 1940; IndBI (2); Sezgin

Volz, Gustav Berthold (also Berthold Gustav Volz), born 4 November 1871 at Halle/Saale, he was educated at the Victorianum secondary school, Potsdam, and studied history at Berlin, Leipzig, and Marburg, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1895 at Berlin for KriegsfOhrung Konig Friedrichs des Grotsen in den ersten Jahren des siebenjahrigen Krieges. His writings include Aus der Zeit Friedrichs des Grotsen (1908), and Friedrich der Grotse; Bi/der aus seiner Zeit (1928). He died in 1938. KOrschner, 1935; Thesis Von Braun, Joachim, 1950- see Braun, Joachim von Vonderheyden, Madeleine, fl. 1937, she received a doctorate in 1927 from the Facutte des lettres d'Alger for La Bemetie orientale sous la dynastie des Benou'I-Arab, 800-909. She translated from the

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Arabic of Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ibn Hammad, Histoire des rois obai'dides, les califes fatimides (1927). BN

Von der Mehden, Fred Robert, born 1 December 1927 at San Francisco, he graduated in 1948 from the University of the Pacific and received his Ph.D. in 1957 from the University of California, Berkeley, for Early Islamic nationalism in Indonesia. From 1968 to his retirement he was a professor of political science at Rice University. His writings include Comparative political violence (1973), and South-East Asia, 1930-1970; the legacy of colonialism and nationalism (1974). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 9-12; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977; IWWAS, 1975/76; WhoAm, 1974-1990; WhoS&SW, 1993/94

Von Grunebaum, Gustave Edmund, 1909-1972 see GrOnebaum, Gustav Edmund von Von Schierbrand, Wolf, 1851-1920 see Schierbrand, Wolf von Von Sivers, Peter, 1940- see Sivers, Peter von Voobus, Arthur, born 28 April 1909 in Estonia, he was educated at Tartu State University where he also received his doctorate in 1943. He started his academic career at Tartu and subsequently served from 1948 to his retirement in 1977 at the Lutheran School of Theology, Chicago, as a professor of early Christianity and ancient Church history. His writings include Les Messalliens et les retormes de Berceume de Nisibe (1947), Communism's challenge to Christianity (1950), History of asceticism in the Syrian Orient (1958-88), and Syriac and Arabic documents regarding legislation relative to Syrian asceticism (1960). In 1977 he was honoured by A Tribute to Arthur Voobus; studies in early Christian literature and its environment. He died 26 September 1988. Baltisch (3); DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; LC; Master (2)

Voorhoeve, Petrus, born in 1899, he studied at Leiden, where he received a doctorate in 1927 for Overzicht van de volksverhalen der Bataks. He was appointed a Government linguist in the Netherlands East Indies, at first working in Java on Malay. Interned by the Japanese during the war, he continued his work in Indonesia until returning to the Netherlands in 1949. From 1950 to his retirement in 1964, he was curator of the Oriental collections at the Leiden University Library. In retirement at Barchem, near Arnhem, he continued his work of cataloguing manuscripts in the various languages of Sumatra. His writings include Handlist of the Arabic manuscripts in the Library of the University of Leiden (1980), and Catalogue of Acehnese manuscripts in the Library of Leiden University (1994). He died about 1996. Indonesia Circle 69 (1996), pp. 176-79 Voppel, Gotz, born 10 July 1930 at Leipzig, he received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1958 and subsequently taught economic geography successively at Koln, Hannover, and again Koln, where he also became a director of Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeographisches Institut. He was from 1964 to 1966 a member and director of an academic mission to Kabul. His writings include Wirtschaftsgeographie (1975). KOrschner, 1983-2001; WhoWor, 1987/88

Vorbichler, Anton, born 21 January 1921 at Einhorn near Knittelfeld, Styria, he studied theology and African languages and literatures, receiving a Dr.theol. in 1957, Dr.phil. in 1965, and Dr.habil. in 1969. He was successively a professor at Hamburg and Wien. His writings include Die Phonologie und Morphologie des Balese (1965), and Die Sprache der Mamyu (1971). He died before 2001. KOrschner, 1970-1996; Unesco; WhoAustria, 1982/83

Voris, William, born 20 March 1924 at Neoga, Illinois, he graduated in 1947 from the University of Southern California and received a Ph.D. in 1951 from Ohio State University. He was a professor of management, and a university administrator, at a variety of American institutions. In 1958/59 he served as a professor at Tehran. NatFacOr, 1994; WhoAm, 1990-1995; WhoFI, 1981-2000/2001; WhoWest, 1989/90-1996/97; WhoWor, 1982-1994

Vorob'ev, Nikolai losifovich, born in 1889 or 1894 in Saratov Oblast, he was an ethnographer and from 1934 to 1945 a professor at Kazan University. His writings include MamepuanbHafi Kynbmypa Ka3aHcKux Tamap (1930), Kesencsue Tamapbl (1953), hcmoou« TamapcKoCi ACCP (1955-60), and he edited Tamapbl coeoneeo u npuypanbfl (1967). He died in Kazan in 1967. IntOeA; NYPL; TatarES Vorob'eva, Militsa Georgievna, fl. 20th cent., she was affiliated with the Institute of Ethnography in the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include ,[JuHaUnbO>Ke (1973), and she edited KepaMuKa Xope3Ma (1959), and MamepuanbHafi Kynbmypa neooooe CpeoHeu A3UU u Kesexcmene (1966). NUC Voronchanina, Natalia Igorevna, born 9 May 1940 at Kursk, Russia, she graduated in 1964 from the Faculty of History at Moscow State University and received her first degree in 1973 for KynbmypHble noeoeoesoeenu» a coapeMeHHoM Tynuce. a work which was published in 1978. Since 1964 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. Her other writings include McnaM a 06w,ecmaeHHo-nonumuliecKou >KU3HU Tynuce (1986). Miliband2 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Voronets, M. E., fl. 1941, she was affiliated with the Muzei Istorii Uzbek Historical Museum, Tashkent. She was joint editor of ttymeeoaumens I MY3e~ V1CTOpVlVl Y36eKcKo~ CCP (Tashkent, 1955). NUC, pre1956

Voronin, Nikolai Nikolaevich, born in 1904, he was an archaeologist whose writings include naMflmHUKU pyCCKOU spxumermypu u ux oxpene (1944), ,apeeHepyccKue eooooe (1945), Rebuilding the liberated areas of the Soviet Union (1945), La ricostruzione edilizia neIl'U.R.S.S. (1946), ,apeeHee rpOOHO (1954), ,apeeHepyccKoe ucxyccmeo (1962), and 30ol/ecmeo CMoneHcKa, XII-XIII ee (1979). He died 4 April 1976. LC Voronina, Veronika Leonidovna, born in 1910 at Kovrov, Russia, she graduated in 1935 from the Moscow Institute of Architecture, and received her first degree in 1943 with a thesis entitled Apxumexmyp« y36eKcKoao »unuiue; she gained a doctorate in 1962. Her writings include HapooHble mpeouuuu apxumeKmypbl Y36eKucmaHa (1951), Hepoaue» eoxumekmype ceeeonoeo TaO>KUKUCmene (1959), Hepoonoe >KunuU(e apa6cKux cmpen (1972), and CpeoHeeeKoeblu eopoo apa6cKux cmpen (1991). EST; Miliband; Miliband2 Voronovskii, Dmitrii Georgievich, born in 1908 at Bukhara, he graduated in 1938 from the Faculty of Foreign Languages, Tashkent, and received his first degree in 1949 for Fyrnuen en-vyny« (K-MUp3a; >KU3Hb u meop-ecmeo (1961), UcepaxaHcKau iusone nosmoe u numepemypnee >KU3Hb UpaHa e npeoMoHaonbcKoe epeMFI (1984), and she translated from the Persian of Jami, U36paHHbie npouseeoenu» (1978). Miliband; Miliband2 Vosberg-Rekow, Max Robert Curt, born 5 March 1860 at LeobschOtz, Silesia, he studied law and political science at Breslau, Berlin, and TObingen, gaining a Dr.rer.pol. in 1885. He was successively an academic assistent at the Prussian ministry of agriculture, the Mainz chamber of commerce, and a director of the German association of private banks, Magdeburg. From 1897 to 1909 he was founding director of the Centralstelle fur Vorbereitung von Handelsvertragen. He also was joint founder of the journal, Handel und Gewerbe as well as founder and editor of Asien. His writings include Die Reform des deutschen Consularwesens und die Errichtung deutscher Handelskammern im Ausland (1897), Der Grundgedanke der deutschen Kolonialpolitik (1903), and Ein deutsches China-Institut (1914). He died after 1935. DtBE; DtBilnd (1); RHbDtG; Werist's, 1935 Vosper, Robert Gordon, born 21 June 1913 at Portland, Oreg., he graduated in 1937 from the University of Oregon; he recceived a LL.D. in 1967. He had a long career with California libraries until his retirement in 1983. He was joint author of Farmington Plan survey (1959). Bioln 3, 5, 7, 15; CurBio 1965; WhoAm, 1968/69-1994; WhoLibl, 1982; WhoLibS, 1955, 1966

Vossion, Louis Pierre, born 24 August 1847, he entered in 1865 l'Ecole speciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. A sous-lieutenant in 1870 and lieutenant in 1872, he started to move around in 1877. The French Government sent him on scientific missions to Burma and the Sudan, where he served as vice-consul from 4 October 1880 to 1882. He was susseccively posted to Gabes, Rangoon, Philadelphia, Pa., becoming consul de 2e cIasse in 1892. After serving as a consul at Honolulu, Vera Cruz and Sydney until 1900, he was sent to Bombay. In August 1905 he was appointed consul general at Capetown, where he died on 6 October 1905. His writings include Khartoum et Ie Soudan d'Egypte; catalogue (1890), and Contes birmans (1901). Cordier (1); Geographie, vol. 15, no. 5 (15 novembre 1906), p. 316; Hill Voste, Jacques Maria, O.P., born 3 May 1883 at Bruges, Belgium, he was a scholar of patrology, and an editor and translator of early Christian works. He died in Roma, 24 February 1949. BN; LC Vostrov, Veniamin Vasil'evich, born 20th cent., he wrote Pooonneuennoo cocmae u peccenenue «esexoe (1968), MamepuanbHafi Kynbmypa xesexcxoeo Hapooa Ha coepeMeHHoM smette (1972), and he was joint author of Kesexckoe nepoonoe »uruuu» (1989). LC Vovard, Andre, born 19th cent., he was in 1951 a member of the Academle de la Marine. His writings include L'Admiral Du Chaffault (1708-1794), du Canada au Maroc (1931), La Marine trsnceise (1948), and Les Turqueries dans la litterature trencetse, Ie cycle barbaresque (1959). BN; Note; NUC, pre-1956 Vozdvizhenskii, Viacheslav Gennedievcih, born 20th cent., he wrote "Moa6umcKue mempeou" MYCbl ,a>Kanunfi (1969), and he was joint editor of Ucmopufl memepcsoti coeemcxoii numepemypu (1965), and Peseumue ayMaHumapHblx nev« e Tamapuu (1977). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

600 Voznesenskaia, IUliia Aleksandreevna, born 13 May 1948 at Moscow, she graduated in 1971 from the local Institute of Asian and African Studies, receiving her first degree for rayca-epynb6cKux fl3blKoa; «onmexmu. Since 1987 she was affiliated with the African Institute, Russian Academy of Science. Her writings include F/3bIKU Hueepuu (1977), nucamenu Kenuu, 1960-1980 (1982), and she was joint author of nucamenu Hueepuu, 1960-1977 (1979). Miliband 2 Vratislav z Mitrovic, Vaclav, Hrabe (Wenzel Wratislaw, Graf zu Mitrowitz), born 19 June 1576 at the family estate in Bohemia, he was educated by Jesuits until the age of fifteen, but had made little progress in Latin when he decided to travel and see the world. His reluctant parents sought permission for his son from Emperor Rudolf II to join an impending imperial embassy to the Ottoman Porte. He became the page to Friedrich von Krechwitz, the imperial ambassador, with whose party he travelled down the Danube and by way of Bulgaria to Constantinople. The stay there was initially agreeable, but Austrian military advances in the Balkans had an adverse effect on the members of the embassy, who all were imprisoned; Vratislav was chained to the ambassadorial chaplain and put into a dungeon until freed under the grand vizier Ibrahim Pasha. He returned in 1595 and entered the service of the Emperor. In 1620 he was raised to earldom. His experiences in the Ottoman Empire are embodied in his MS entitled Pffhody Wacslawa Wratislawa swobodneho pen« z Mitrowic and the translations, MerkwOrdigen Gesandtschaftsreise von Wien nach Konstantinople so gut als aus dem Englischen Obersetzt (1787), Adventures of Baron Wenceslas Wratislaw of Mitrowitz (1862), Ilpui« ntouenun ueiucseeo oaopflHuHa Bpamucnaaa a Koncmenmunonone (1877), and H Kiovotcvtvounosu; «ata tov 160uouova, 1591-1596 (1920). PSN; Wurzbach, pp. 161-162 Vredenbregt, Jacob Gerard, born 20 November 1926 at Schiedam, the Netherlands, he received a doctorate in 1968 from the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden for De Baweanners in hun moederland en in Singapore, a work which was published in an Indonesian translation entitled Bawean dan Islam (1990). He was an anthropologist, radio and TV correspondent, consultant, and, since 1970, a guest professor at the University of Jakarta. He spent the years 1951 to 1956 on Java. His writings include De deftige kolonie en andere verhalen (1988), and The Estate and art collection of Jacob Vredenbregt (1991). Brinkman's; WhoWor, 1987/88, 1989/90

de Vree, Johan Karel, born 16 April 1938 at Borgharen, the Netherlands, he studied at Amsterdam, and was affiliated with the Europa Instituut Amesterdam until 1973, when he was appointed a professor at the Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht. His writings include Foundations of social and political processes (1982), Political integration (1972), a work which was based on his Amsterdam thesis; he was joint author of The Ordeal of unity (1989); and he edited Oorlog en vrede (1982). Wie is wie, 1984/88, 1994/96 Vreede, Frans, he wrote De Nederlandsch-Indische eenheid (Leiden, 1936), Vernieuwing van het hooger onderwijs in tndonesie (1947), and L'ldeal chevaleresque et courtois dans la litterature irenceise du moyen age (1954). Brinkman's; NUC, pre-1956 Vreede-de Stuers, Cora (Suzanne Coralie Lucipara), born 20th cent., she was in 1962 affiliated with the Sociologisch-Historisch Seminarium voor Zuidoost Azie, Universiteit van Amsterdam. Her writings include The Indonesian woman; struggles and achievements (1960), De Hindoe-maatschappig in beweging (1962), and Parda; a study of Muslim women's life in northern India (1968). Brinkman's; LC de Vries, Egbert, born 29 January 1901 at Grijpskerke near Groningen, the Netherlands, he received a Dr.agr. in 1931 from the Landbouwhoogeschool at Wageningen for Landbouw en welvaart in het regentschap pasoerean; bijdrage tot de kennis van de sociale economie van Java. He served in the Dutch East Indies until 1946, the last five years of which as a professor of agricultural economics, and dean, in the University of Indonesia. After his return to the Netherlands, he continued teaching, and also served as an administrator and consultant to a variety of national and international organizations. His writings include De aarde betaalt (1951), and World food crisis and agricultural trade problems (1974). IntWW,1974/75-1996/971; Unesco; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79; Wieisdat, 1948, 1956 de Vries, Levie, born about 1900, he received a doctorate in 1926 from the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden for Een hypermodern geluid in de wereld van den Islam. His writings include "Kitab Toehpah" en Tuhfat al Muhtadj Ii sjarkh al Minhadj (Batavia, 1929). His trace is lost after a publication in 1933. NUC, pre-1956

de Vries, Wilhelm, born 26 May 1904 at SaarbrOcken, Germany, he received a doctorate in theology and became affiliated with the Pontifical Oriental Institute, Roma, until his retirement. His writings include Cattolicismo e problemi religiosi nel Prossimo Oriente (1944), Sakramententheologie bei den Nestorianern (1947), Der christliche Osten in Geschichte und Gegenwart (1951), Orthodoxie und Katholizismus (1965), its translation, Ortodossia e cattolicesimo (1983), and Orient and Occident (1974). He died in MOnster,25 June 1997. KOrschner, 1950-1996

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Vrooman, Lee, he was in 1929 a missionary in Turkey under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. His writings include The Faith that built America (New York, 1955). Note, NUC Vryonis, Speros P., born 18 July 1928 at Memphis, Tenn., he graduated in 1950 from Southwestern College, Memphis, and received his Ph.D. in 1956 from Harvard. Since 1960 he was affiliated with U.C.L.A. as a professor of history. His writings include Byzantium and Europe (1967), a collection of his articles, Byzantium (1971), The Decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor (1971), The Turkish state and history (1991), and he edited Individualism and conformity in classical Islam (1977). ConAu 85-88; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; EVL, 1993/94, 1996/97; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; WhoAm, 19901994; WhoWest, 1984-1992/93

Vsevolozhskii, Nikolai Sergeevich, born in 1772, he wrote Dictionnaire geographique-historique de I'empire de Russie (Moscow, 1813), Description geographique et topographique de la Russie d'Europe (Paris, 1819), and ttvmeusecmeie (Moscow, 1839). He died in 1857. BN; LC Vucinich, Wayne S., born 23 June 1913 at Butte, Mont., he graduated in 1936 from the University of California at Berkeley, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1941. In 1937/38 he pursued post-graduate work at Universita Karlova, Praha. He was a sometime research analyst with the U.S. Government, before he successively became a professor of East European studies at the Hoover Institution and Stanford University. His writings include Serbia between East and West (1954). In 1981 he was honoured by Nation and ideology; essays in honor of W S. Vucinich. ConAu 13-16; DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; Master (1); Schoeberlein; WhoAm, 1982-1988/89

Vuillet, Jean Francois, born in 1877, he was an agronomist and a sometime inspector general of colonial agriculture with the Gouvernement gemerale de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise. His writings include Le Karite et ses produits (1911), and Reflets d'Asie sur I'Ouest africain (1954). BN; NUC Vuillier, Gaston Charles, born 12 July 1846 at Perpignan. In obedience to his family's wishes he went to Marseille to train as a lawyer, but soon abandoned pursuit of law for fine art. After wartime service in 1870-71, he became chef de cabinet to the prefect of Oran, a post which he resigned in 1878 to go to Paris to paint and write. His writings include La Sicilie; impressions du present et du passe (1896), and La Tunisie (1896). Curinier; IndexBFr2 (1) Vuillot, Paul Emile Auguste, born 24 November 1868 at Paris, he was an industrialist who also pursued an interest in geography. In 1888 he journeyed to the Algerian Southern Territories, beyond Touggourt and Ouargla. Another journey in 1892 took him to the region of the chotts of l'Oued-Souf and Djerid, experiences which are described in his Des Zibans au Djerid par les chotts algeriens (1893). His other writings include L'Exploration du Sahara; etude historique et geographique (1895). He was a member of the Societe de geographie de Paris. He died in 1916. Curinier; NUC, pre-1956 Vukmanovic-Tempo, Svetozar N., born 14 August 1912 at Podgor, he was a trade union, party, and government official. His writings include Le Parti communist de Grece dans la lutte de liberation nationale (1949), a HapooHoj peaonyu,uju y rpl./Koj (1950), its translation, How and why the people's liberation struggle of Greece met with defeat (1950), Borba za Balkan (1981), and its translation, Struggle for the Balkans (1990). CurBio, 1958; JugoslSa, 1970; Ko je ko, 1957; Master (1); WhoSocC, 1975, 1989 Vukovich, Gyorgy, born 1 June 1929 at Kassa (Kosice), Slovakia, he was a sociologist who was affiliated with the Demographic Research Institute of the Central Statistical Office, Budapest. He was joint author of Alkoholizmus (Budapest, 1968). MagyarNKK, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998,2000 VUliers, Johann August, born 23 October 1803 at Bonn, he studied Oriental languages at Halle, Bonn, and Paris, where he was a student of Sylvestre de Sacy. After gaining a Dr.phil and Dr.habil. in Germany, he became successively a professor at Bonn and Giel1en. His writings include Grammatica arabicae elementa (1832), Institutiones linguae persicae cum sanscrita et zendica lingua comparatae (1840), Lexicon persico-Iatinum etymologicum (1855-64), and he edited Firdusii Liber regnum qui inscribitur Schahname (1877-84). He died in 1881. Bonner, vol. 8, pp. 300-304; DtBilnd (1) de Vulpillieres, Gaston, born in 1882 in the south east of France, he completed his secondary studies, which he considered to have been bad; he nevertheless retained a knowledge of Latin and ancient history that was by no means negligible, as well as a generally cultured eduation, and a remarkable mental curiosity. He had travelled; circumstances had brought him to live in Egypt and Dahomey, apart from wartime service with the Armee d'Orient. But it was Algeria which permanently arose his interest, particularly the fate of the native population. For a time he espoused native problems in the Algerian press, but he soon realized that he was ill-suited to live in a European urban environment, and removed to EI Kantara. There he led the life of a recluse, being the only European in the oasis. He accepted to be poor as the natives. He volunteered to represent their interests in the French administration, sometimes receiving in exchange victuals or pierres ectiies. Occasionally, he would even Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

602 purchase these ancient inscriptions for the Direction des Antiqultes from his meager resources. Over the years he personally collected innumerable epigraphical and archaeological treasures. He found joy in these labours to which he freely committed himself from day to day, year to year. But his constitution, weakened by an ascetic life, was liitle inducing to the rigours of archaeological exploration. Emaciated by impaludism, he died at the hospital of Batna in November 1932. His articles in the Depeche de Constantine and Revue africaine attest to his scholarship; he also wrote Biskra et Ie Sahara constantinois (Alger, 1923). Revue africaine 73 (1932), pp. 325-328 Vycichl, Werner, born 20 January 1909 at Prag, he studied Oriental languages at Wien, received a Dr.phil. at Geneve, and became a librarian at the Museum fOrVolkerkunde, MOnchen. In 1940 he was appointed a lecturer in Arabic at Berlin. He later abandoned his academic post for a career in industry. He repeatedly visited Egypt. He was joint author of Dictionnaire auxiliaire, etymologique et complet de la langue copte (1967). He died 23 September 1999. KOrschner, 1950-1992,2001; Note Vyse, Richard William Howard, born in 1784, he entered the army in 1800 and became major-general in 1846. He visited Egypt in 1835 and for two years excavated at the pyramids of Gizeh. His writings include Pyramids of Egypt (1839-42). He died in 1853. Dawson; DNB; Egyptology Vyzgo, Tamara Semenovna, born in 1906 at Bialystok (Belostok), Poland, she graduated in 1940 from the Tashkent Conservatory, and received her first degree in 1947 for Peseumue MY3blKanbHoao ucxyccmee Y36eKucmaHa. From 1936 to 1953 she was affiliated with her alma mater. Her writings include Y36eKcKaR CCP (1954), and MY3blKanbHble uncmpvuenmu CpeoHeiJAsuu (1980). Miliband2 Waardenburg, Jacobus (Jacques) Diederik Jean (Jen), born 15 March 1930 at Haarlem, the Netherlands, he studied theology and Arabic at Amsterdam, Leiden, Paris, and Cairo, receiving a doctorate in 1961 at Amsterdam for L'lslam dans Ie miroir de I'Occident. He subsequently held research and teaching positions at Montreal, Los Angeles and, since 1968, at Utrecht. His writings include Les Untversites dans Ie Monde arabe (1966), L'Enseignement dans Ie Monde arabe (1983), Islamisch-christ/iche Beziehungen (1992), and he edited Islam, norm, ideaal en werelijkheid (1984). DrAS, 1969 P; IWWAS,1976/77; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; Note

Waas, Adolf, born 9 April 1890 at Lampertheim, Hesse, he studied history at GieBen and received a Dr.phil. in 1917 for Das Wesen der Vogtei im trenkiscnen und deutschen Reich. He was a librarian successively at Darmstadt, SaarbrOcken and Frankfurt/Main. His writings include Herrschaft und Staat im deutschen Fruhmittelalter (1938), and Geschichte der Kreuzzaqe (1956). He died 25 June 1973. DtBE; JahrDtB, 1940-50; KOrschner, 1940/41-1970

Waas, Christian, born 1 February 1874 at Friedberg, Hesse, he studied history at Giefsen, where he also received a Dr.phil. in 1897 for Die Quellen der Beispiele Boners. He was a sometime professor and secondary school teacher. His writings include Der letzte Friedberger Hexenprozef3 (1932). He died in 1945. KOrschner,1925-19351; NUC, pre-1956 Wace, Alan John Bayard, born in 1879, he was a graduate of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and a sometime director of the British School at Athens. His writings include Mediterranean and Near Eastern embroideries of Mrs. F. H. Cook (1935), and Greece untrodden (1964). He died in 1957. Master (2); WhE&EA; Who was who, 5; Revue archeologique 1959, no. 1, pp. 91-94

Wachenhusen, Hans, born in 1822 or 23 at Trier, he was a miscellaneous writer and a traveller. In the 1850s he accompanied the Turkish army on several Balkan expeditions. Suspected of being a spy, he barely escaped execution. A great deal of his works is based on his travels, including Ein Besuch im tarkischen Lager (1855), Von Widdin nach Stambul (1855), Die Frauen im Orient (1856), Die Wustenjager; Bi/der aus dem Kriegerleben der Saharastamme (1860), Vom armen agyptischen Mann; Fellah-Leben (1871), and Der turkiscne Kosak (1876) He died in 1898. DtBE; DtBilnd (2); Hinrichsen; Master (2); Pallas

Wachs, Otto, born 22 May 1836 at SchlOchtern, Germany, he was educated at the gymnasium and thejunior military college, Kassel. He became a professional soldier and retired with the rank of major. His writings include Die Weltstellung Englands, militarisch-politisch beleuchtet (Kassel, 1886). He died about 1914. DtBilnd (1); NUC, pre-1956; Werist's, 1909-1912 Wachtsmuth, Friedrich, born 7 JUly 1883 at Milau, Kurland, he studied architecture and received a Dr.ing. and Dr.phil. in 1916 from the Technische Hochschule Berlin for Die islamischen Backsteinformen der Profanbauten im Irak. He became a professor of architecture, with special reference to Near Eastern art, at Marburg. His writings include Der Backsteinbau; seine Entwicklungsgange und Einzelbildungen im Morgen- und Abendland (1925), and Backsteinbau der Neuzeit (1942). He died in Ehlingen, 21 January 1975. KOrschner,1928/29-1970; Schwarz; Werist's, 1935

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Waddell, Laurence Austine, born in 1854, he was educated privately and at Glasgow University, where he graduated with highest honours in medicine. He entered the Indian Medical Service in 1880 and served as a deputy sanitary commissioner, camping over the ancient "Holy Land" of Buddhism, where he discovered many important ancient classical sites. He also travelled in the Himalayas and Egypt. He was a sometime professor of Tibetan at University College, London. He died 19 September 1938. Buckland; Concise DNB; DNB; IndianBilnd (2); Riddick; WhE&EA; Who, 1909-1937; Who was who, 3

Waddington, William Henry, born in 1826 of British parents in France, he was an archaeologist, French statesman, politician and diplomat. His writings include Voyage en Asie mineure au point de vue numismatique (1853). He died in 1894. Georges Perrot wrote Notice sur la vie et les travaux de William Henry Waddington (1909). BbD; BiD&SB; Bioln 10, 17; Boase; Britlnd (2); CelCen; EncBrit; GDU; Glaeser; IndexBFr2 (6); Megali, vol. 6, p. 460; Pallas; Quest for understanding (1991), pp. 283-320; Vapereau

Waddy, Charis, born 24 September 1909 in Australia, she grew up in Jerusalem and graduated in 1931 from Oxford, receiving her Ph.D. in 1936 from SOAS for An Introduction to the chronicle called "Mufarrij al-kutub Ii akhbar Bani Ayyub by Jamal aI-Din b. Wasil. She was a writer on Muslim-Christian reconciliation who also taught in the Middle East and Africa. Her writings include Baalbek caravans (1967), The Muslim mind (c1976, 1990), and Women in Muslim history (1980). ConAu, 69-72; DrBSMES, 1993; WrDr, 1980/82-2004

Wade, Bonnie Claire, born 29 March 1941, she received a Ph.D. in 1971 from the University of California at Los Angeles for Khyal, a study in Hindustani classical vocal music. Since 1974 she was a professor in the Department of Music at Berkeley, a post which she still held in 2004. Her writings include Tegotomono (1976), Music in India (1979), Khyal, creativity within North India's classical music tradition (1984), and she edited Performing arts in India; essays (1982). LC; National faculty directory, 19942004

Wade, Sir Claude Martine, born in 1794, he served in India and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He forced the Kyber Pass and entered Kabul in 1839. He was Political Agent at Indore from 1840 to 1844. His writngs include A Narrative of the services, military and political, of Lt. Colonel Sir C. M. Wade (184-). He died in Bath in 1861. Boase; Buckland; Concise DNB; DNB; IndianBilnd (3); Riddick Wade, John Anthony, born 13 April 1944, he was in 1994 affiliated with the Department of Law Enforcement in Western Illinois University at Macomb. He was joint editor of Hague-Zagreb essays 5; on the law of international trade (1985), and Hague-Zagreb essays 7; on the law of international trade: corporate bankruptcy (1989). LC; NatFacDr, 1994 Waelti-Walters, Jennifer Rose, born in 1942 at Wolverhampton, England, she studied at London and Lille and was since 1968 affiliated with the University of Victoria, B.C, as a professor of French and women's studies. Her writings include Alchimie et litterature; etude de portrait de I'artiste en jeune singe de Michel Butor(1975), and J. M. G. LeClezio (1977). Canadian,1995-2003; ConAu,136; DrAS, 1978 F, 1982 F; Master (1); WhoAmW, 1983/84; WhoWor, 1987/88; WrDr, 1992/94-2004

van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, born 2 February 1903 at Amsterdam, he received a doctorate in 1926 at Amsterdam for De algebraiese grondslagen der meetkunde van het aantal. He was a professor of mathematics successively at Groningen, Leipzig, Amsterdam, and ZOrich. His writings include Ontwakende wetenschap (1950), its translation, Science awakening (1988), and Das heliozentrische System in der griechischen, persischen und indischen Astronomie (1970). He died on 12 January 1996. KOrschner, 1940/41, 1954-1992,2001; Wieisdat, 1948, 1956; WhoNL,1962/63 Waga, Antoni Stanislaw, born 8 or 9 May 1799 at Grabow near Warszawa, he studied classical languages at Warszawa and natural science at Berlin and subsequently taught at a secondary school and the Pedagogical Institute, Warszawa. He travelled in Egypt and Nubia in 1863 and from 1864 to 1866 accompanied an expedition to southern Algeria. His writings include Ukaziciel Polskich nazwisk na rodzaje kr61estwa R6slinnego (1846). He died in Warszawa, 23 November 1890. Dziekan; NEP; Polski (5)

Wagle, Iqbal, born about 1940, she gained an M.A., and received a B.L.Sc. from the School of Library Science, University of Toronto, with the class of 1969. She subsequently joined the Library of the University of Toronto. Her writings include Reference guides to South Asia (Toronto, 1977). Private Wagner, Arthur Hugo Johannes Hans, born 9 June 1871 at Gluckshofen, Germany, he studied geography at the Unlversitat Konigsberg, and received a Dr. phil. at Leipzig for his thesis, Die Verkehrs- und Hendetsverheltnisse in Deutsch-Ostafrika (1896). From 1900 until 1904 he was editor of the Koloniale Zeitschrift in Leipzig. His writings include Falsche Propheten (1900), and Meine Erfahrungen mit der "Taglichen Rundschau" (1902). He died in 1904. DtBiind (1); NUC, pre-1956

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Wagner, Charles Herald, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Southern California with a thesis entitled Setting the pattern of contemporary international relations in the Middle East, 1953-1958. Selim Wagner, Ewald, born 8 August 1927 at Hamburg, he studied Semitic and Islamic subjects at the Universltat, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1951 for Syntax der Mehri-Sprache, and a Dr.habil. in 1962 at Mainz for Abu Nuwas; eine Studie zur arabischen Literatur. After ten years as a librarian at Mainz, he was successively a professor of Islamic studies at WOrzburg, Mainz and GieBen, where he became the first chairman of the Seminar fur Sprachen und Kulturen Nordafrikas. He was for many years an editor of the ZDMG. In 1994 he was honoured by Festschrift Ewald Wagner. His writings include the catalogue, Arabische Handschriften [in Germany] (1976), and Legende und Geschichte der Fath madinat Harar(1978). EURAMES,1993; Kiirschner,1966-2001; Weristwer, 1991/92; WhoWor, 1987/88, 1991/92 Wagner, Franz, born in 1913 at Prag, he trained as an engineer at Prag and Stuttgart and subsequently worked for seventeen years in industry until he started a teaching career at BadenWorttemberg technical institutes. Since 1963 he was affiliated with German aid work in the Third World. He still was a respectable track and field athlete in his late fifties. Note Wagner, Gaston, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1977 at Lausanne for L'Elaboration de la justice dans les domains des mariages et des echanges de biens; etude comparee de l'Ancien Testament et du Coran. His writings include La Justice dans I'Ancient Testament et Ie Coran (1977), and he was joint author of L'Eglise paroisssiale St-Vincent de Montreux (1983). LC; Schwarz Wagner, Georg, born 2 May 1916, he was a librarian at the Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek Wien, and a sometime lecturer. His writings include Das TOrkenjahr 1664, eine europaische Bewahrung (Eisenstadt, 1964), and he edited Dsterreich; von der Staatsidee zum NatiionalbewuBtsein: Studien und Ansprachen (1982). LC Wagner, Hans, 1871-1904 see Wagner, Arthur Hugo Johannes Hans Wagner, Hans, born 22 November 1921 at Graz, he studied history, gaining a Dr.phil. in 1949. After serving as an archivist at the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv Wien, he was a professor of history at Salzburg from 1961 to his death on 24 February 1990. DtBE; Kiirschner, 1966-1987; WhoAustria, 1977/78, 1982/83 Wagner, Hans Karl Hermann, born 23 June 1840 at Erlangen, he studied mathematics and physics at Erlangen and Gottingen. After some years at secondary school teaching he was appointed in 1876 to the chair of geography at Konigsberg. From 1880 to his retirement in 1920 he was a professor of geography and statistics at Gottingen. He was joint author of Die Bevolkerung der Erde (1872-93). He died in Gottingen, 18 June 1929. DtBE; Sezgin Wagner, Horst-GOnter, born 19 May 1935 at Chemnitz, Germany, he gained a Dr.rer.nat. in 1960 and successively became a professor of economic geography at Kiel and WOrzburg. His writings include Bevolkerungsgeographie - Nordafrika (1981), and he was joint author of Kulturgeographische Untersuchungen im islamischen Orient (1973). Kiirschner, 1976-2001 Wagner, Johann Christoph, born in 1655, he studied at the Unlversitat Altdorf near NOrnberg. His writings include Delineatio provinciarum Pannoniae et Imperii Turcii in Oriente (Augspurg, 1684-85), Interiora Orientis detecta (Augspurg, 1686), and Das machtige Kayser-Reich Sina und die asiatische Tartarey (Augspurg, 1866). He died in 1698. DtBiind (2); LC; Sezgin Wagner, Klaus, born in 1937 at Rheindiebach near St. Goar, Germany, he received a doctorate in Hispanic philology at Sevilla. His writings include Regesto de documentos del Archivo Protocoles de Sevilla (1978), EI Doctor Constantino Ponce de la Fuente (1979), and Catalogo abreviado de la obras impresas del siglo XVI de la Biblioteca Universitario de Sevilla (1988) [not sighted]. LC Wagner, Max Leopold, born 17 September 1880 at MOnchen, he studied Romance languages at the universities of MOnchen and WOrzburg. As a plain polyglott he boasted a thorough or working knowledge of more numerous and more diversified languages than any other Romance scholar of his generation. But he neglected French and Provencal studies, preferring the visually identifiabale unit of Mediterranean culture, including its Greek, Turkish, and Arabic components. He had a rather unusual career. Instead of rising through the ranks to a professorship, he readily accepted first a modest collegiate position, for a few years, in Constantinople, and later, for a shorter period, an ethnologic research assistantship in Mexico, reserving his summer vacations for leisurely trips through Sardinia or through Spain, or else through European and Asiatic Turkey. He was, however, persuaded to accept a lecturership in Romance linguistics, with special reference to Spanish, at Berlin from 1915 to 1924. At that time an incident neither political nor connected with science is rumored to have put an abrupt end to his academic teaching in Germany. As a pensioned civil servant, and free from family obligations, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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he could afford to devote the remaining years of his life to pure reasearch, shifting his headquarters from Berlin to Roma and Napoli, and, ultimately, to Washington, D.C. Many years later he served twice, each time for a few years, as visiting professor at Coimbra and, for just one semester, on the Urbana Campus of the University of Illinois. His writings include Sobre alguns arabismos do portugues (1934), and Restos de latinidad en el norte de Africa (1936). He died in Washington, D.C., in 1962. Kurschner, 1925-1961; Romance philology 16 (1963), pp. 281-289, reprinted in PorLing, v. 2, pp.463-474

Wagner, Moritz Friedrich, born 3 October 1813 at Bayreuth, he started life as a merchant at NOrnberg and Marseille. After a visit to Algeria, 1834-35, he studied natural sciences at Erlangen and MOnchen. In 1836 he did some more study travel in Algeria. In 1838 he became an editor of Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung; and in 1840 he continued his study at Gottingen. Other research visits brought him to the Caucasus, Armenia, Persia, and Asia Minor, 1843-45. Travels to the New World followed in the late 1850s. Since 1862 he was a professor of zoology, geography, and ethnology at MOnchen. As a founding director of Ethnologisches Museum he collaborated with its development. His writings include Reise in der Regentschaft Aigier (1841), Der Kaukasus und das Land der Kosaken in den Jahren 1843 bis 1846 (1848), Reise nach dem Ararat und dem Hochland Armenien (1848), Reise nach Persien und dem Land der Kurden (1852), and Reise in Persien und den beiden Indien (1855). He died in MOnchen in 1887. ACAB; AOtB, vol. 40, pp. 532-543; BbO; BiO&SB; OtBE; OtBilnd (1); Embacher Wagner, Wolfgang, born 23 August 1925 at Aachen, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1953 from the Universitat Bonn for Die Entstehung der Oder-Neif3e-Linie in den diplomatischen Verhandlungen wahrend des zweiten Weltkrieges. He was a journalist whose writings include Europa zwischen Aufbruch und Restauration (1968). Weristwer, 1989/90-2001/2002 Wagner-Rieger, Renate, born 10 January 1921 at Wien, she received two doctorates at Wien with her theses entitled Die Fassade des Wiener Wohnhauses vom 16. bis zur Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts (1947), and Die italienische Baukunst zu Beginn der Gotik (1956). At the end of her academic career she was head of the Institut fOr Kunstgeschichte, Universltat Wien. Her writings include Das Wiener Bilrgerhaus des Barock und Klassizismus (1957), Auszilge aus kunsthistorischen Dissertationen osterreichischer Hochschulen seit 1956 (1966-68), and Wiens Architektur im 19. Jahrhundert (1970). WhoAustria, 1982/83

Wagner von Jauregg, Julius, born in 1857 at Wels, Austria, he received the 1927 Nobel Prize in medicine for his work on malaria therapy. He died in Wien in 1940. Bioln 3,5, 15; CurBio, 1940; OtBE; Master (3); GroBe Osterreicher(1985), pp. 144-145; Sezgin

Wag ret, Paul, born 20th cent., he was an editor of Nagel's encyclopedia-guides. His writings include Du Mont Saint-Michel a la cote d'Emeraude (1955), and he edited Iran (1977), and Turkey (1984). LC Wagtendonk, Kees, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1968 at Amsterdam for Fasting in the Koran. He was in 1993 a senior lecturer at the Delenus Instituut, Universiteit van Amsterdam. His writings include Islam in Nederland; Islam op school (1987), he was joint author of Is/amitisch fundamentalisme (1986), and he was joint editor of Funerary symbols and religion (1988). Brinkman's, 1966-70; EURAMES, 1993; LC

Wahbah, Majdi Murad (Mourad Magdi Wahba), born in 1925 at Alexandria, Egypt, he took a law degree at Cairo and then went on to Oxford where he laid the foundations of his lifelong scholarly interest. After his return to Egypt he taught English at the Faculty of Arts in Cairo University. He was joint author of A Dictionary of modern political idiom (1978). In 1990 he was honoured by Essays in honor of Magdi Wahba. He died 4 October 1991. MIOEO 21 (1993), pp. 581-583; WhoArab, 1993/94 Wah,l, Jean Andre, born 25 May 1888 at Marseille, he went to school in Paris and studied philosophy at the Ecole Normale Superieure, the Sorbonne and College de France. He first became a professor of philosophy at tycees in Saint-Quentin, Nantes, Tours, and Ie Mans and then at the faculties in Besancon, Nancy, and Lyon. Imprisoned during the German occupation, in 1942 he made it to the United States, where he taught at Chicago, Smith College, and Mount Holyoke. After his return to France he became a professor of philosophy at the Sorbonne. In 1948 the University of Chicago invited him to teach one more year in 1948. His writings include Etudes kierkegaardiennes (1938), and La Pensee de I'existence (1951). He died 19 June 1974. ConAu 49-52; OBFC, additif, p. 687; IndexBFr2 (1); NONC,1961; Washington Post 24 June 1974, C-5, col. 4; WhoFr, 1961/62-1974/75

Wahl, Maurice, born in 1853 at Paris, he gained a doctorat es lettres in 1894 at Paris for Les Premieres ennees de la Revolution a Lyon, 1788-1792. He successively taught at the Lycee d'Alger and the Lycee Concordet, Paris. His writings include Geographie etementeire de I'Algerie (1878), L'AIgerie (1882), and La France aux colonies (1896). BN; IndexBFr2 (1) Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Wahl, Samuel Friedrich Gantner, born in 1760 at Alach near Erfurt, he was a professor of Oriental languages at Halle, where he died in 1834. His writings include Elementarbuch far die arabische Sprache und Litteratur (1789), Altes und neues Vorder- und Mittelasien (1795), Geist und Geschichte des Schachspie/s bei den Indiern, Persern, Arabern, Turken (1798), and the translation Der Koran (1828). AOtB, vol. 40, pp. 593-594; OtBilnd (2)

Wahler, Klaus, born 11 April 1926 at Erfurt, Germany, he was since 1972 a professor of comparative law, international private law, and canon law at the Freie Universitat Berlin. His writings include his Dr.habil. thesis entitled Interreligioses Kollitionsrecht im Bereich privatrechtlicher Beziehungen (1978). KOrschner, 1976-2001

Wahrmund, Adolf, born 10 June 1827 at Wiesbaden of humble parentage, he received a secondary school education and, supported by a state fellowship, later studied theology and philosophy at Gottingen, and classical as well as Oriental languages at Wien. Until 1861 he was a private teacher and an assistant at the Hofbibliothek Wien. In 1862 he was appointed a lecturer in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish at the Universltat Wien, and since 1870 concurrently also at the k.k. Orientalische Akademie. From 1885 to 1897 he also was its director. His writings include Praktisches Handbuch der osmanisch-tarkischen Sprache (1869), Handworterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache (1874-75), Praktisches Handbuch der neu-persischen Sprache (1875), and Das Gesetz des Nomadenthums und die heutige Judenherrschaft (1887). He died in Wien, 15 May 1913. BiO&SB; OtBE; OtBilnd (2); FOck, p. 187

Wai, Dunstan M., born 20th cent., he wrote Southern Sudan (London, 1973), and The African-Arab conflict in the Sudan (1980). LC WaHle, Victor, born in 1852, he received a doctorate in 1890 at Alger for De ceesereee monumentis quee supersunt. His other writings include Machiaval en France (1884). NUC, pre-1956 WaHle-Marial, Alexandre, born 19th cent., his writings, partly under the pseudonym Vuaille de SaintLupicin, include Les Algeriens en France (1873), and La France d'Afrique et ses destinees (1883). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Waines, David F., born in 1939. After obtaining a Ph.D. in 1974 from McGill University, Montreal, with a thesis entitled Caliph and amir; a study of the socio-economic background of medieval political power, he was until retirement a lecturer in modern Middle Eastern politics as well as classical Middle Eastern history in the Department of Religious Studies, Lancaster University. His writings include A Sentence of exile; the Palestine Israel conflict, 1897-1977 (1977), In a caliph's kitchen (1989), and An Introduction to Islam (1995). He was joint editor of Kanz a/-fawa'id fi tenwi' a/-mawa'id (1993), and La Alimentaci6n en las culturas lstemices (1994). OrBSMES,1993; Ferahian; LC; Private; Selim 3 Wainwright, Gerald Avery, born in 1879, he privately pursued an interest in Egyptology and it was not until 1913 that he could take his B.Litt. in Egyptology at Oxford. He excavated in Egypt and supported himself by working in the Egyptian Government Service. His writings include The Sky-religion in Egypt, its antiquity and effects (1938). He died in 1964. Egyptology Wait, Daniel Guilford, born in 1789, he was a Hebrew scholar from St. John's College, Cambridge, and later was a curate of Pucklechurch near Bristol. His writings include A Comparison of certain traditions in the Talmud, Targumin and rabbinical writers (Cambridge, 1814). He died in 1850. BiOLA; NUC Wake, Charles Staniland, born in 1835 at Kingston-upon-Hull, he was an anthropologist and psychologist and a director of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Since 1895 he was affiliated with Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. His writings include Chapters on man (1868), and The Evolution of morality (1878). He died in 1910. Master (2); WhAm, 1 Wakefield, Frances, called in Hausa Maimaganchiya, born 14 May 1879 at Kendal, Cumbria, he was educated at St. Andrews, Bristol and Edinburgh, and received diplomas of the School of Tropical Medicine of Edinburgh and London. He subsequently worked at Drumcondra Hospital, Dublin, until 1906, when he began serving as a medical missionary under the Church Missionary Society, London, at Zaria, Nigeria, 1907-1908. He was with the North Africa Mission, Casablanca, from 1909 to 1911, and subsequently with the Sudan Interior Mission at Paiko, northern Nigeria. MedWW, 1914 Wakehurst, John de Vere Loder, born in 1895, he was educated at Eton and then joined the Army. He served in the Middle East and after the war entered the Foreign Office. His writings include The Truth about Mesopotamia, Palestine and Syria (1923), and Preparation for peace (1945). He died in 1970. WhAm, 5; Who was who, 6

Wakin, Eduard, born in 1927, he was educated at Fordham, Northwestern, and Columbia universities, gaining a Ph.D. in 1973. He was for ten years a city editor with a variety of dailies in New York State. Since 1960 he taught in the Department of Communications, Fordham University. He was a sometime consultant, Office of International Affiars, U.S. Department of Commerce. His writings include A LoneWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

607 Iy minority; the modern story of Egypt's Copts (1963), and The Lebanese and the Syrians in America (1974). ConAu 5-8, new rev., 2,17; Master (3); WhoUSWr, 1988

Wakin, Jeanette Ann, born in 1928, she studied Islamic law at Columbia University, where she also received a Ph.D. in 1971 for Written documents in Islamic law; Tahawi's "Kitab al-Shurut al-kabir, " a work which was published entitled Function of documents in Islamic law (1972). She started her career as a travel book editor for Saturday review. As editor for Islam and the Near East for the Journal of the American Oriental Society she made that journal an important arena for books and articles on the Islamic world. As a teacher she was usually willing to teach any aspect of Islamic law that interested her students. However, she poured her life into the education and fostering of her students, her achievement as a mentor was, more than any publication, the masterpiece of her life. She died 13 March 1998 from cancer of the liver. MESA bulletin 32 (1998), pp. 141-142; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1994; Selim

Walckenaer, Charles Athanase, born 25 December 1771 at Paris, he was one of the most educated and respected men of his day, a geographer, historian, and natural scientist, a sometime map librarian at the Blbliotheque royale, and a permanent secretary of the Academie des inscriptions. His numerous writings include Recherches geographiques sur t'interieur de l'Afrique septentrionale (1821). He died in Paris, 28 April 1852. DcBiPP; Dantes 1; Dezobry; Encltaliana GdeEnc; GDU; Hoefer; Pallas Wald, Hermann Josef, born in 1938, he studied geography, sociology and ethnography and received a doctorate in 1969 from the Universitat Freiburg im Breisgau for Landnutzung und Siedlung der Pashtunen. From 1962 to 1966 he was an aid worker in Afghanistan. In 1969 he found gainful employment with a German society for Third World development, a post he still held in 1977. Note; Thesis Wald, Peter, born in 1929, he was a writer of travel guides, including Die Vereinigte Arabische Republik (1969), Der Jemen (1980), and Kairo (1982). LC; Sezgin Wald, Samuel Gottlieb, born in 1762 at Breslau, Silesia, he studied classical philology at Halle, and then taught at Leipzig until 1786, when he was invited to Konigsberg, where also theology was added to his responsibilities. His writings include Versuch einer Einleitung in die Geschichte der Kenntnisse, Wissenschaften und schonen KOnsten, zu akademischen Vorlesungen (1784). He died in Konigsberg, 272 February 1828. ADtB, vol. 40, pp. 659-660; DtBE; DtBilnd (10) Waldegrave, William, Baron (Lord) Radstock, born in 1753, he was on 29 December 1800 raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Radstock. He was an admiral and a sometime governor of Newfoundland. He was the editor of The British flag triumphant (1825). He died in 1825. Britlnd (3); Concise DNB; DcCanB, vol. 6, pp. 795-797; New biographical dictionary (London, 1825)

Walden, Paul, born in 1863 at Cesis near Riga, he studied chemistry at Riga and successively became a professor of chemistry at Riga and St. Petersburg. From 1918 to his retirement in 1932 he was director of Chemisches Institut, Universitat Rostock. His writings include Drei Jahrtausende Chemie (1944), Geschichte der Chemie (1947), and its translation, Histoire de la chimie (1953). He died in 1957. Baltisch (6); Bioln 2; DcScB; DtBE; DtBilnd (4); KOrschner,1925-1954; Master (4); RHbDtG; Werist's, 1935 Waldman, Marilyn Robinson, born 13 April 1943 at Dallas, Texas, she received a Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of Chicago. Certainly from 1982 to 1994 she was a professor of history at Ohio State University, Columbus. Her writings include Toward a theory of historical narrative (1980), Transnational approaches of the social sciences (1983), Religion in the modern world (1984), The University of the future (1990), and she was joint editor of The Islamic world (1973). DrAS, 1978 H, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1994; WhoAm, 1985/86; WhoMW, 1992/93

Waley, Muhammad lsa, born 1948 at Cambridge, he gained an M.A. at Cambridge and a Ph.D. in 1991 at London. Since 1973 he was a curator, Persian and Turkish Collections, at the British Library. His research centred on Sufism as well as Persian and Turkish manuscripts and literature. He was a fellow of the BRISMES. His writings include Supplementary handlist of Persian manuscripts, Oriental and India Office Collections, 1966-1998 (1998), and he was joint author of Allama Sir Muhammad Iqbal, poet-philosopher of the East (1977). DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES,1993; Private Walker, Alexander, born in 1764 at Collessie, Scotland, he served in the Bombay Army from 1780 to 1799 and advanced to the rank of brigadier-general. His writings include An Account of a voyage to the north west coast of America in 1785 & 1786; edited by R. Fisher and J. M. Bumstedt (1982). His collection of Oriental manuscripts is preserved in the Bodleian Library Oxford. He died in Edinburgh in 1831. Bioln 13; Buckland; Concise DNB; DcCanB, vol. 6, pp. 797-798; DNB; IndianBilnd (1); LC; Riddick Walker, Barbara Jeanne Kerlin, born 13 October 1921, she was a teacher of English, editor and first reader at American schools, colleges and universities before she became a curator and joint founder

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of the Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative at the Library of the Texas Tech University, Lubbock. She was at the same time an award-winning author of children's books. Based on her fieldwork, she quietly laid the seeds for an appreciation of Turkish culture at a receptive grass roots level. Since 1965 more than a dozen children's books based on traditional materials collected in Turkey were published. She was a teacher of English at elementary school in Ankara, 1961-62. Her writings include Nigerian folktales as told by Olawale Idewu and Omotayo Adu (1961), The Art of the Turkish tale (1991), and she was joint author of New patches for old; a Turkish folktale (1974). ConAu 33-36, new rev., 16; Note Walker, Christopher J., born in 1942, he wrote Armenia, the survival of a nation (1980), Visions of Ararat; writings on Armenia (1997), he was joint author of The Armenians (1978), and he edited Armenia and Karabagh; the struggle for unity (1991). LC Walker, Cyril Tollemache Harley, born in 1883 at Kingskerswell, South Devon, he took an M.A. and a B.Litt. at Oxford and was ordained. He was a Vicar of West Hendred, 1921; Assistant Chaplain, Bucuresti, 1927; Preacher of Latin Sermon to the University of Oxford, 1923. His writings include The Construction of the world in terms of fact and value (1919), and Discrimina peregrinations (1919). Britlnd (2)

Walker, Frank Deaville, born in 1878, he was affiliated with the Church Missionary Society as well as the Wesleyan Missionary Society, London. He wrote The Call of the Dark Continent (1911), India and her people (1922), Africa and her people (1924), and A Hundred years in Nigeria (1942). LC Walker, James Thomas, born in 1826 at Cannanore, South India, he trained at the East India Company's college at Addiscombe and entered the Bombay Engineers, where he rose to the rank of general. He participated in numerous military expeditions, besides being affiliated with the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India. His writings include Turkestan and the countries between the British and Russian dominions in Asia (1885). He died in 1896. Buckland; Concise DNB; DNB; Master (1); Riddick Walker, John, born in 1900 at Glasgow, he was since 1931 affiliated with the Department of Coins and Medals in the British Museum, London. He was a sometime lecturer in Arabic and Arabic epigraphy at SOAS, and from 1952 to 1964 an editor of the Numimatic chronicle. His writings include Bible characters in the Koran (1931), The Coinage of the second Saffarid dynasty in Sistan (1936), and Catalogue of Muhammadan coins in the British Museum (1941). He died in Chelmsford in 1964. Au&Wr,1963; DNB; Who, 1953-1964; Who was who, 6

Walker, Paul Ernest, born 21 November 1941 at Salt Lake City, Utah, he received his Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of Chicago for Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani and the development of Ismaili Neoplatonism. He was affiliated with the American Research Center in Cairo, 1976-1986, and subsequently worked as a private scholar, with the occasional professorship, or visiting professorship, at North American universities. His writings include Early philosophical Shiism; the Ismaili Neoplatonism of Abu Ye'qub alSijistani (1993), and The Wellsprings of wisdom (1994). ConAu 147; MESA Roster of members, 1982-90; Selim3 Walker, Warren Stanley, born 19 March 1921 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he received a Ph.D. in English in 1951 from Cornell University for Folk elements in the novels of James Fenimore Cooper, and a Litt.D. in 1989. He was a Fulbright professor in American literature at Ankara, 1961-62, and since 1964 affiliated with Texas Tech University, Lubbock. He was founding director of its Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative. His writings include Twentieth-century short story explication (1977), and A Bibliography of American scholarship on Turkish folklore and ethnography (Ankara, 1982). ConAu 9-12, new rev., 3,16,38; DrAS, 1978, 1982 E; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; WhoAm, 1978-1988/89 & 1994

von de Wall, Adolf Friedrich, 1834-1909 see Dewall, Adolf Friedrich von Wall, Edward Harold, born 20th cent., he received an M.A. from Cambridge, and was a barrister-at-Iaw of Lincoln's Inn. His writings include Europe; unification and law (1969), and European Communities Act, 1972 (1973). Note von de Wall, Hermann Theodor Friedrich Karl Emil Wilhelm August Casimir, born 30 March 1807 at Giefsen, Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt. (The original family name was von Dewall, but Hermann later wrote von de Wall. His descendants adhered to the original form, von Dewall.) In 1834 he entered the service of the Dutch Government in West Borneo. From 1846 to 1849 he conducted several geographical surveys on the island. Shortly before his death he was appointed Resident. His lasting contribution to scholarship was his commissioned Maleisch-Nederlandsch woordenboek. It was edited posthumously between 1877 and 1884. He died in Riouw, 2 May 1873. EncNI, vol. 4 (1921), pp. 663-664; Henze; NieuwNBW, vol. 3 (1914), cols. 1383-84

Wall, Sir Patrick Henry Bligh, born 14 October 1916 at Bidston, Cheshire, he was a Conservative member of Parliament for more than thirty years. His writings include The Royal marine pocket book

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609 (1945), Europe's back door; the Soviet maritime threat (1974), Prelude to detente (1975), and he edited The Indian Ocean and the threat to the West (1975). He died 15 May 1998. ConAu 104, 169; IntYB, 1979-1982; Who, 1969-1998; WhoWor, 1982/83-1987

Wallace, Kathleen Janet, born 1941 in England, she gained an M.Phil. in 1974 with a thesis entitled The overseas trade of Sandwich, Kent, 1400-1520. She was a professional archivist since 1964 and museum archivist at the British Museum since 1979, a post which she still held in 2000. Private Wallace, Myles, born 20h cent., he was in 1979 a professor in the Department of Economics, Western State College, Gunnison, Colorado. Note Wallace, William, born 19th cent., he travelled through the Sokoto Empire and Borgu in 1894.

Note

Wallace-Clarke, George, born 8 March 1916 at Exeter, Devon, he was a government official, and a sometime Mandatory police officer until 1981, when he started a career as free-lance journalist and author, publishing under the pseudonym George Jaffa. ConAu 117; IntAu&W, 1976-1989; WhoWor, 1978/79; WrDr, 1976/78-1996/98

Wallach, Jehuda Lothar, born in 1921, his writings include Anatomie einer Militarhilfe; die preul3ischdeutschen Militarmissionen (1976), Israeli military history (1984), and The Dogma of the battle of annihilation (1986). LC; Sezgin Walle, Amedee Adrien Baudouin M. J. G., 1901-1988 see Van de Walle, Amedee Afrien Baudouin M. Wallenius, Ivar Ulrik, born 30 January 1793, he studied at Turku and wrote a thesis entitled Corani sura LVII Arabice et Suethice (1816-19). He was successively a lecturer and professor of Arabic language and literature at Abo from 1817 to 1935. He SUbsequently lectured in Amenian, and Persian, using the Tuti-namah. He died in Helsinki, 23 May 1874. Aalto; ScBlnd (3); Stenij, p. 273 Waller, Peter P., born 12 April 1935 at Neuburg/Donau, he received a Dr.oec. in 1963 and a Dr.habil. in 1977 and subsequently became affiliated with Deutsches Institut fur Entwicklungspolitik, Berlin, as a professor of ecology and urbanization in the Third World. His writings include Grundzuge der Raumplanung in der Region Kisumu, Kenia (1968), and Reduzierte Regionalplanung and regionale Konzentration von Entwicklungshilfe (1975). KOrschner, 1983-2001 Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice, born 28 September 1930 at N.Y.C., he graduated in 1951 from Columbia University, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1959 for The Emergence of two West African nations, Ghana and the Ivory Coast. He was since 1976 a professor of sociology, and chairman of department, S.U.N.Y., Binghamton. His writings include Social change; the colonial situation (1966), Unthinking social science (1991), and he was joint author of The Age of transition (1996). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 21-24, new rev., 9, 24, 49; Master (2)

Wallich, Johann Ulrich, born in 1626 at Weimar, Thuringia, he was a traveller and went to Turkey as a royal Swedish secretary. Upon his return, he settled at Stade, Lower Saxony, as a legal adviser in court. His writings include Religio Turcica, Mahometis vita et orientalis cum occidentali Anti-Christo comparatio; das ist: Kurtze ... Beschreibung Tarckiscner Religion (1659). He died in Stade, 23 May 1673. DtBiind (1) Wallin, Georg August, born 24 August 1811 at Sund on Aland, Finland, he studied Oriental languages since 1829 at Helsinki, at the same time pursuing an interest in sports and music. He mastered the major European languages, also learning Arabic from a nearby Tatar mullah. In 1839 he presented a thesis entitled De praecipua inter hodiernam Arabum linguam et antiquam differentia. After studying Arabic under native speakers of the Oriental Institute at St. Petersburg, he returned to Helsinki to become a lecturer in Arabic. Having no difficulty in passing as a Muslim, he travelled widely in the Arab East. He was the most famous of all Finnish Orientalists. His writings include Travels in Arabia, 1845 and 1848; with introductory material and a select bibliography (1979). Knut L. Tallqvist wrote his biography entitled Georg August Wallin, en lefnadsteckning (1905). He died in Helsinki in 1852. Aalto; Bidwell; Egyptology; Embacher; FOck; JCAS 19 (1932), pp. 131-150; Krachkovskii; ScBlnd (10); Stenij, pp. 279-281

Wallis, Charles Braithwaite, born in 1873, he was a barrister and a member of the Foreign Office since 1905. A fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, he wrote The Advance of our West African Empire (1903), and West African warfare (1905). He died in 1945. Master (1); WhE&EA; Who was who, 4 Wallis, Claude Anderson George, born 13 March 1902 at Skirwith, UK, he gained a B.A. in classics at Oxford, 1924, and subsequently served until 1950 as a member of the Sudan Political Service. Unesco Wallis, Henry, born in 1830 at London, he studied fine art at Gleyre, Paris, Roma, and Venezia. Since 1879 he was a member of the Royal Society of Painters in Water-Colour. His writings include Typical examples of Persian and Oriental ceramic art (1893), the booklet, Persian lustre vases (1899), and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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The Oriental influence on the ceramic art of the Italian renaissance (1900). He died in 1916. Bioln 13; DNB, Missing persons; Egyptology; Master (3); Men and women of the time, 1899

Wallisch, Friedrich, born 1 June 1890 at Marisch-Wei~kirchen, Austria-Hungary, he studied philosophy and medicine at Wien, where he also received a Dr.med. in 1917. Since 1911 he worked as a novelist, stage director, publisher, and journalist. In 1929 he founded the Osterreich-Albanische Gesellschaft. His writings include Die Pforte zum Orient (1917), Der Atem des Balkans (1928), and Das Prantnerhaus; Roman (1953). He died in Wien, 2 February 1969. DtBE; Sezgin; Wer,1937; Werist's, 1922-1935; WhoAustria, 1954-1964

Wallner, Franz, born in 1810, he was an actor, writer, and director of theatre in Austria, Russia, and Germany. His writings include ROckblick auf meine theatralische Laufbahn und meine Erlebnisse an und eutser der BOhne (1864), Von fernen Ufern; Reiseskizzen aus Constantinopel (1872, and Hundert Tage auf dem Nil; Reisebilder (1873). He died in 1876. DtBE; DtBiind (6); Sezgin; Wurzbach Wallon, Henri Alexander, born in 1812, he was a politician, historian, university professor, and depute as well as a permanent secretary of the Acadernie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. He wrote Histoire de I'esclavage dans I'antiquite (1847), and Saint Louis et son temps (1875). He died in 1904. EEE; EncBrit; Encltaliana; GdeEnc; GDU; IndBFr2 (2); Megali, YOI. 6 (1928), P 581; Meyers; Pallas; RNL; Vapereau

Wallon, Henri Paul Hyacinthe, born in 1879, he was a professor of psychology, a depute, and minister of national education. His writings include Principes de psychologie appliquee (1930). He died in 1962. IndBFr2 (4); Master (2); WhoFr, 1953/54-1961/62 Walls, Archibald G., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1979 from Heriot-Watt University with a thesis entitled An attempted reconstruction of design procedures and concepts during the reign of Sultan Qaytbay in Jerusalem and Cairo. He was affiliated with Unesco. His writings include Preservation of monuments and sites; architectural survey of Mocha (1981), Arad Fort, Bahrain; its restoration, its history, and defences (Bahrain, 1987), and he was joint author of Arabic inscriptions in Jerusalem; a handlist and maps (1980). LC; Sluglett Walne, Alfred Septimus, born about 1803, he was a British surgeon and diplomat who died in 1893. Egyptology

Walpole, George Frederick, born in 1892, he was from 1919 to 1954 successively affiliated with the civil service in Egypt and Trans-Jordan as an officer in Lands and Surveys. He died in 1975. Who, 1958-1975; Who was who, 7

Walpole, Robert, Rev., born in 1781, he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He resided at Carrow Abbey, in the vicinity of Norwich, and possessed a considerable estate in Norfolk. After a tour in Greece, he settled at his estate, editing the journals of some illustrious travellers in the East. His writings include Memoirs relating to European and Asiatic Turkey and other countries of the East (1817), and Travels in various countries of the East (1820). He died in 1856. Boase; New biographical dictionary (1825); Sezgin

Walpole, Ronald Noel, born 24 December 1903 in Monmonthshire, England, he received a Ph.D. in 1939 at Berkeley for A Study and edition of the Old French "Jonennts" translation of the Pseudo-Turpin chronicle. He subsequently was affiliated with his alma mater as a professor of Romance philology and literature. His writings include Charlemagne and Roland (1944). He died in 1986. BlueB,1973/741976; ConAu 106; DrAS, 1969-1982 F; IntAu&W, 1986; WhAm,9; WhoAm, 1974-1986

Walravens, Hartmut, born 9 September 1944 at Adorf, Germany, he studied East Asian and Turkic subjects as well as ethnography, gaining a Dr.phil. in 1970. He was successively a librarian at the Hochschule der Bundeswehr, Hamburg, and Staatsbiliothek zu Berlin. His writings include Die ostund zentralasienwissenschaftlichen Beitrl1ge der Orientalischen Literaturzeitung, 1976-1992 (1994).

JahrDtB, 1979-2001/2002

Walsh, Ann, B.A., she was in 1978 an assistant librarian at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, and a contributor to Middle East studies and libraries (1980). Walsh, James Joseph, born 12 April 1865 in Archbald, Pa., he graduated from Fordham College, New York. After gaining a Ph.D. and M.D., he pursued studies at Paris, Wien, and Berlin. Since 1898 he was a physiological psychologist in N.Y.C. His writings include The Thirteenth, greatest century (1907), Popes and science (1908), and What civilization owes to Italy (1923). Master (10); NatCAB, YOI. 46, pp. 349-350; WhAm 2; Who was who 4

Walsh, John Kevin, born in 1939 at N.Y.C., he received a Ph.D. in 1967 from University of Virginia with a thesis entitled The Loss of Arabism in the Spanish lexicon. Since 1969 he was a professor of Spanish at the University of California at Berkeley. He died in 1990. DrAS, 1974-1982 F; LC; Selim Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Walsh, John R., born in 1919 at Hartford, Conn., he grew up in New York and came to Europe with the U.S. Army during the second World War. At the instigation of his authority, he took a one-term course in Arabic, Turkish and Islamic studies at SOAS. Demobilized from the Army in 1946, he opted for a full four-year degree, graduating in 1950 with first class honours in Turkish. In the same year, he was invited to be the first teacher of Turkish at Edinburgh. He retired in 1980 as senior lecturer in Turkish. He died in 1993. Index Islamicus (2); Note Walsh, Robert, born in 1772, he graduated at Dublin, obtained a scholarship in 1794, and took orders. When Lord Strangford was sent out as ambassador to the Ottoman government, he took Rev. Walsh with him as chaplain. His writings include Account of the Levant Company (1825), Narrative of a journey from Constantinople to England (1828), A Residence at Constantinople (1836), and Constantinople and the scenery of the Seven Churches of Asia Minor (1939). He died in 1852. Boase; Britlnd (3); DNB; Master (1)

Walsin Esterhazy, Louis Joseph Ferdinand, born in 1807 of Hungarian descent at NTmes, he studied at Ecole polytechnique and Ecole d'application d'Artillerie et du Genie de Metz. During his military career, spent mostly overseas, he advanced to the rank of general. He knew Arabic well, organized the Bureau d'Arabe de l'Est, and was from 1840 to 1841 in charge of Arab affairs at Mostaganem. His writings include De la domination turque dans I'ancienne reqence d'Alger (1840), and Notice historique sur Ie maghzen d'Oran (1849). He died in Marseille in 1857. GdeEnc; GDU; Peyronnet, 248-251; Vapereau Walstedt, Bertil, born 20th cent., he was affiliated with the Unesco. His writings include State manufacturing enterprise in a mixed economy; the Turkish case (1980). LC van der Walt, A. J., born 4 October 1915 at Middleburg, Transvaal, he was a lecturer at Potchefstroom University. His writings include Afrika - Islam in die Maghreb (1983), a work which he originally presented as his doctoral dissertation at Potchefstroomse University for Christian Higher Education, and the booklet, Die Islam dwaalleer van die Moslems (1985); and he edited Land reform and the future of landownership in South Africa (1991). LC; Unesco Walter, Bobbie Joe, born in 1937, he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from the University of Wisconsin for The territorial expansion of the Nandi, 1850-1905; a study in political geography. He was in 1995 a professor in the Department of Geography, Ohio University, Athens. NatFacDr,1995; NUC, 1968-72 Walter, Howard Arnold, born 19 August 1883 at New Britain, Conn., he graduated from Princeton, Hartford Theological Seminary, and Kennedy School of Missions. He was a missionary whose writings include Hand book of work with student enquirers in India (Calcutta, 1915), and The Ahmadiya movement (Calcutta, 1918). He died in 1918. Master (2); WhAm, 1 Walters, Jennifer Rose, 1942- see Waeli-Walters, Jennifer Rose Walters, Ronald W., born 20 July 1938, he received a Ph.D. in 1971 from the University of California at Berkeley for The antislavery appeal, a work which was published in 1976. Certainly from 1995 to 2002 he was a professor in the Department of Political Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. His writings include Primers for prudery (1973), Black presidential politics in America (1988), and Pan Africanism in the African diaspora (1993). LC; NatFacDr, 1995-2002 Walther, Johannes, born 20 July 1860 at Neustadt an der Orla, Thuringia, he studied at Jena, and successively became a professor of geology and palaeontology at Jena and Halle. On three occasions he travelled in North Africa. His writings include Das Gesetz der Wastenbildung in Gegenwart und Vorzeit (1900), and Das deutsche Landschaftsbild im Wandel der Zeiten (1933). In 1930 he was honoured by Festschrift far Johannes Walther. He died in 1937. DtBE; DtBiind (2); KOrschner, 1925-1935; Master (1); RHbDtG; Wer 1st's, 1912-1935

Walther, Paul, born 19th cent., he was a navy commander (Fregattenkapitan) in 1906. His writings include Land und See; unser Klima und Wetter (Halle, 1907). GV Walther, Wiebke Ute Margarete nee Herrmann, born 3 August 1935 at Konigsberg, Germany, she studied at Halle, where she received a Dr. phil. in Islamic studies for her thesis, Untersuchungen zu vor- und frahislamischen arabischen Personennamen (1966). For thirty years she was a member of the Oriental Department at Halle. Under the communist rule, her visits to the Middle East were rather restricted. During the years preceeding her retirement, she was a private scholar in Bamberg. In 1989 she was the recipient of the Friedrich ROckert Preis of the City of Schweinfurt. Her writings include Die Frau im Islam (1980), and Tausendundeine Nacht; Einfahrung (1987). KOrschner,2001-2003; Private Walton, Frederick Parker, born in 1858 at Nottingham, he was an Oxford graduate who also studied law at Edinburgh and Marburg. He was an examiner in law in the University of Glasgow. Since 1897

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he was a professor of Roman law, and dean, Faculty of Law in McGill University, Montreal, P.O.; in 1916 he was a director of l'Ecole sultaniye de droit, and a member of the Societe sultanieh d'econornle politique, de statistique et de legislation. His writings include A Handbook of husband and wife according to the law of Scotland (1893), The Scope and interpretation of the civil code of Lower Canada (Montreal, 1907), and The Egyptian law of obligations (1920). He died in Edinburgh in 1948. Britlnd (2); Canadian, 1898-1912; DNB; Master (2); WhE&EA; Who, 1905-1948; Who was who, 4

Walton, James, born in 1911, he was educated at London and Leeds universities and served in Burma and India during the second World War before joining the Basutoland Educational Service as an officer in 1947. In 1960 he entered a publishing company in South Africa. His writings include Homesteads and villages of South Africa (1952), African village (1956), and the booklet, A History of education in Basutoland (1958). AfrBiolnd (1); WrDr, 1976/78-2002 Walton, Kenneth, born 9 March 1923, he was educated at the University of Edinburgh where he later taught geography. He was a participant in an Aberdeen expedition to Cyrenaica. In 1977 he was appointed vice-principal of the University of Aberdeen. His writings include The Arid zones (1969), and he edited Regional geography (1965), and General geography (1966). He died on 2 January 1979. Geographical magazine 51 (1979), p. 373; Who, 1974-1979; Who was who 7; WrDr, 1974/76-1978/80

Waltz, James Calvin, born 14 December 1935 at Toledo, Ohio, he received a Ph.D. in 1963 from Michigan State University with a thesis entitled Western European attitudes toward the Muslims before the crusades. Since 1968 he was affiliated with Eastern Michigan University at Ypsilanti as a professor of history and philosophy. DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; Selim Walz, Terence, born in 1941, he received a Ph.D. in 1975 from Boston University for Trade between Egypt and Bilad as-Sudan, 1700-1820, a work which was published in 1978. LC Walzer, Richard Rudolf, born 14 July 1900 at Berlin, he gained a Dr.phil. in 1927 at Berlin with a thesis entitled Magna Moralia und aristotelische Ethik. He was married to Sofie Cassirer. In 1933 they went to Roma, where he taught and pursued research in classical and Islamic philosophy until 1938, when once more discrimination against Jews compelled them to leave. They went to Oxford, where he was appointed first as lecturer and then as reader in Greek and Arabic philosophy. He was one of the original fellows of St. Catherine's College, Oxford, and was elected to the British Academy in 1956. For a number of years in the 1960s he was a visiting lecturer at the Unlversltat Hamburg, where he was a pleasant contrast to B. Spuler. His work spanned an unusually wide range, from early Greek to medieval Arabic philosophy and literature. A collection of his major studies on Greek and Arabic philosophies was published in 1962, entitled Greek into Arabic. He died in Oxford in 1975. His autobiography entitled "The formation of a scholar," was published posthumously in BJMES 18 ii (1991), 160-8. EncJud; Kurschner, 1935; Private; Who, 1969-1975; Who was who, 7

Walzer, Sofie nee Cassirer, the daughter of the Berlin art publisher Bruno Cassirer, she was married to Richard Walzer and they went in 1933 to Roma and in 1945 to Oxford. Note von Wandruszka, Adam, born 6 August 1914 at Lemberg, Austria-Hungary, he studied history at Wien and gained a Dr.phil. in 1936. After the war, he first worked as a journalist and later became successively a professor of history at Koln and Wien. His writings include Reichspatriotismus und Reichspolitik zur Zeit des Prager Friedens von 1635 (1955), Das Haus Habsburg (1956), and its translation, The House of Habsburg (1964). He died in Wien, 9 JUly 1997. DtBE; Kurschner, 1976-1996;

WhoAustria, 1996

Wanklyn, Christopher Andrew, born 13 May 1926 at Montreal, he graduated in 1948 from McGill University, Montreal, and received an M.A. in 1949 at Sheffield. He was a painter who arrived in 1954 in Morocco; in the late 1980s he was resident in Marrakesh. WhoWor, 1989/90 Wansbrough, John E., born about 1930 in the USA, he was educated at Harvard and SOAS, where he received a Ph.D. in 1961 with a thesis entitled Documents for the history of commercial relations between Egypt and Venice, 1442-1512. Since 1967 he was affiliated with SOAS, becoming reader in 1975 and professor of Semitic studies in 1984. He seems to have retired about 1994. His writings include Quranic studies (1977), and The Sectarian milieu; content and composition of Islamic salvation history (1978). BSOAS, 57 (1994), pp. 1-4; Sluglett Wansleben, Johann Michael, born in 1635 at Erfurt, he studied philosophy and theology at Konigsberg. He was first a private tutor and soldier and then a restless wanderer, before returning to Erfurt. There he learnt Ethiopic from Hiob Ludolf, who in 1660 sent him to London to see the Grammatica IEthiopicum (1661) through the press. While at London he collaborated with Edmond Castell in the production of his Lexicon heptaglotton. After his return to Erfurt, Duke Ernst von Sachsen-Gotha sent him to Africa to study the situation of the Christians in Egypt and Abyssinia. He did not go beyond Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Cairo and, instead of returning to Erfurt, he went to Roma, where he converted to Roman Catholicism. In 1670 he went to Paris, from where Colbert, controieur general des finances, sent him in 1672 on an intelligence mission to Egypt, acquiring on the way manuscripts for the Blbllotneque du Roi. He dispatched several hundred manuscripts to Paris, but, on account of his debauchable behaviour, he had to turn back at Isna near Theben. Recalled to France, he arrived in 1676 at Paris, being reproached for his ill-conduct rather than compensated for his achievements. His addiction to alcohol deprived him of a respectable clerical office until the end of 1678 when he became vicar of the Bouron Parish near Fontainebleau. He died there in 1679. His writings include Relazione dello stato presente dell'Egitto (1671), its translation, The Present state of Egypt (1678), Histoire de I'eglise d'Alexandrie (1677), and A brief account of the rebellions and bloodshed occasioned by the Anti-Christian practices of the Jesuits and other Popish emissaries in the empire of Ethiopia (London, 1679). Alexandre Pougeois wrote Vie et voyages de Vansleb (1869). AOtB, v. 41, pp. 159-62; OcBiPP; OtBilnd (3); Egyptology; GOU; Sezgin

Wanzura, Werner, born in 1942, he became active in the Christian-Muslim dialogue. He was joint author of Mensch, Welt, Staat im Islam (1977); the booklet, Der Islam, Korperschaft des offentlichen Rechts? (1981); he edited Moslems im Strafvollzug (1982); and he was joint editor of Moslems und Christen - Partner? (1976), and Die groBen Gebete; Juden, Christen, Muslime (1996). LC Warburg, Gabriel R., born in 1927 at Berlin, he studied at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and SOAS, where he received a Ph.D. 1967 for Administration in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1899-1916. He was a professor of Middle East history at the University of Haifa as well as a visiting fellow at St. Antony's College, Oxford, U.C.L.A., and Wissenschaftskolleg, Berlin. He served as a rector of Haifa University, 1974-1977, and director of the Israeli Academic Center, Cairo. His writings include Islam, nationalism and communism in a traditional society; the case of Sudan (1978), Egypt and the Sudan; studies in history and politics (1985), and Historical discord in the Nile Valley (1992). LC; Note; Private; Wholsrael, 1973/74-2001

Warburg, Otto, born 20 July 1859 at Hamburg, he was a professor of botany at the Universitat Berlin as well as a lecturer in botany of the Middle East at Orientalisches Seminar, Berlin. His writings include Die Kautschukpflanzen und ihre Kultur (1900), its translation, Les Plantes a caoutchouc (1902), and Die Pflanzenwelt (1913-22). He died in 1938. Kurschner,1925-1935; Werist's, 1909-1935; Wininger Warburton, Bartholomew Elliott George, born in 1810 in Ireland, he was educated at Cambridge and called to the Irish bar in 1837, "but threw up his profession to travel and write." He led a roving life and died at sea when his ship caught fire in 1852. His writings include The Crescent and the Cross (1844). Boase; Britlnd (6); ONB; Egyptology; Master (5)

Warburton, Mable L., born 19th cent., she was in 1917 a principal of the British Syrian Training College at Beirut. Note Ward, Arnold Sandwith, born 8 November 1876, he was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford. He was a Newcastle scholar, Craven scholar, and a chancellor's prizeman. From 1899 to 1902 he acted as special correspondent of The Times in Egypt, the Sudan, and India. In 1903 he was called to bar. As a lieutenant in Herts Yeomanry he served in Egypt, 1914-15, and later in Cyprus. He died in 1950. Who, 1919-1948; Who was who, 4 Ward, Eric, 1917- see Ebon, Martin Ward, George Ernest, born 20 September 1837 at Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, he was educated at Oxford and in 1859 entered the Indian Civil Service. He was a commissioner at Thansi, 1884-1889. His writings include the edition and translation from the Hindustani of Nazir Ahmad, The Bride's mirrior; a tale of domestic life in Delhi forty years ago (London, 1899 and 1903). Britlnd (1) Ward, John, born in 1679, he was a clerk in the Navy Office until 1710; in 1720 he was chosen a professor of rhetoric at Gresham College. He was a fellow of the Royal Society and the Society of Antiquaries. His writings include The Lives of the professors of Gresham College (1740). He died in 1758. Britlnd (12); ONB; Master (3)

Ward, Mark H., born 19th cent., he gained a doctorate and was in 1921 a director of the American Hospital at Harput, Turkey. His writings include the booklet, The Deportations in Asia Minor, 1921-22 (London, 1922). N~e Ward, Richard Joseph, born 7 November 1921 at Beverly, Mass., he graduated in 1946 from Harvard and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from the University of Michigan for The Role of the Association of Catholic Trade Unionists in the American labor movement. He held a variety of administrative and teaching posts at universities, and was a sometime director of planning and programming in the U.S. AID Mission to Jordan as well as chief of planning, Bureau for Near East/South Asia in Washington. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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He also was a consultant. His writings include Economics; its principles and means (1965), International finance (1965), and he was joint author of The Palestine state; a rational approach (1976). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 41-44; Note; WhoAm, 1984-1995 & 2002

Ward, Robert De Courcy, born 29 November 1867 at Boston, he studied at Harvard, where he subsequently served until his retirement as a professor of physical geography and meteorology. He was an unusually prolific writer. He died 12 September 1931. Geographers 7 (1983), pp. 145-150; Master (5); NatCAB, vol. 24, pp. 190-191; WhAm, 1; Who was who, 3

Ward, William A., born in 1928, he received his M.A. in 1955 from the University of Chicago for Ancient Egyptian foreign relations with western Asia and the Aegean. His writings include Egypt and the East Mediterranean world, 2200-1900 B.C. (1971). He was in 1960 affiliated with the College for Women, Beirut. His writings include Egypt and the East Mediterranean world, 2200-1900 B.C. (1971). LC; Note Wardi, Chaim, born 19 April 1901 in Poland, he was resident in Palestine since 1919. He studied at Roma, Firenze, Torino, gaining a doctorate in 1926 at Pisa. From 1932 to 1940 he was an instructor in Italian history and culture at Tel Aviv University and, since 1952, he was a lecturer in Church history at Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include Christians in Israel; a survey (1950). WhoWorJ,1972 Wardlaw-Milne, Sir John Sidney, born in 1879 at Elgin, Scotland, he was a civil administrator as well as a politician in India, mainly in Bombay. During the first World War he served as a lieutenant-colonel in the Indian Defence Force, 1915-1919. After the war, he was an official lecturer for the British Government in the U.S.A. He died in 1967. WhE&EA; Who, 1943-1967; Who was who 6 Wardrop, Sir John Oliver, born 10 October 1864 at Lambeth, Surrey, he was educated at Balliol College, Oxford; from 1892 to his retirement in 1910 he was in the Consular Service. His writings include The Kingdom of Georgia (1888), and Visramiani, the story of the loves of Vis and Ramin; translated from the Georgian version (1914). He died on 19 October 1948. Britlnd (1); Master (1); Who, 1905-1948; Who was who 4

Ware, Lewis Beier, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled Jurji Zaydan; the role of popular history in the formation of a new Arab world-view. He was in 1990 a professor of Middle Eastern studies, and chief of the Political-Military Affairs Division, Center for Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Education of Air University at the Maxwell Air Force Base, Montomery, Ala. His writings include To merge or not to merge; a survey of Arab movements toward socio-political union (1974), Decolonization and global alliance in the Arab Maghrib (1975), An Introduction to the history of the Middle East for military students (1975), and The Nuclearization of the Middle East and the Subcontinent (1982). MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; Note; Selim Ware, Webb, C.I.E., F.R.G.S., F.S.A., born 19th cent., he was an officer of the Indian Political Service who was in constant employment for twenty years in Seistan. In 1919 he had avanced to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. As a lieutenant in or about 1896 he was placed on special duty for the exploration and development of the Seistan trade route. Note Warfield, William, born in 1889, he wrote The Gate of Asia; a journey from the Persian Gulf to the Black Sea (1916). NUC, pre-1956 Waring, Edward Scott, born 18th cent., he was a member of the East India Company's Bengal Civil Establishment. He visited Persia between April and September 1802 for reasons of 1Ii11 health and curiosity." His A Tour to Sheeraz (1804) was a creditable early attempt to give an account of the manner, customs, laws, language, and literature of the Persians. He also wrote A History of the Mahrattas (1810). Wright Warner, Arthur George, born in 1837 or 8, he wrote together with his brother, Edmond, The Shahnama of Firdausi; done into English (London, 1905-1915). He died in 1903. NUC, pre-1956 Warner, Charles Dudley, born 1829 at Plainfield, Mass., he briefly practised law in Chicago before he became an essayist and novelist. His writings include In the Levant (1875), and Mummies and Moslems (1876). He died 1900 in Hartford, Conn. ACAB; BbO; CelCen; ConAu 182; OLB 64 (1988), pp. 25155; Egyptology; Master (37); NatCAB 2, pp. 116-117; Shavit; WhAm 1; Who was who, 1

Warner, Edmond, born 6 December 1852 at Hornsey, England, he was educated at Eton and Pembroke College, Oxford. He wrote together with his brother, Arthur George, The Shahnama of Firdausi; done into English (London, 1905-1915). Britlnd (1) Warner, Geoffrey, born 1937, he wrote Pierre Laval and the eclipse of France (1968), Iraq and Syria, 1941 (1974), and the booklet, La Crise politique beIge de novembre 1944 (1978). LC

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Warner, Langdon, born 1 August 1881 at Cambridge, Mass., he graduated from Harvard in 1903, and studied art in Japan. He was a curator and director of various American museums as well as a lecturer at Harvard. He was a member of the Pumpelly-Carnegie expedition to Russian Turkestan in 1904. He was the editor of Eastern art, 1928-1931, and wrote The long old road in China (1926). He died in Cambridge, Mass., 9 June 1955. OAB; Shavit -Asia; WhAm, 3 Warner, Levinus, born in 1619 in the Duchy of Lippe, he went in 1638 to Leiden to study theology and Oriental languages, mainly Arabic and Persian, with Jacobus Golius. In 1644 he went for further study to Constantinople, where he stayed with the Dutch ambassador at the Porte. In 1648 he declined a professorship in Hebrew at Leiden in order to pursue his studies in the East. Upon his request, he received in 1650 a grant from his Leiden authorities for a research visit to Asia Minor. In 1654 he succeeded to Nicolo Gijsbrechti as resident of the Staten Generaal at the Porte. As a token of his appreciation he bequeathed his collection of over six hundred Oriental manuscripts to the University of Leiden. His writings include De rebus Turcicis epistolae ineditae, N. Durieu (1883). He died in Constantinople on 22 June 1665. FOck, NieuwNBW, vol. 10, cols. 1153-1154 Warnier, Auguste Hubert, born 8 January 1810 at Rocroy (Ardennes), he studied medicine at Paris and Lille and in 1834 went to Oran to join the Mission Menonville to Mascara. From 1837 to 1839 he was acting commissaire-adjoint of the Consulat de France in the negotiations with Abd-el-Kader in Algeria. Appointed chirurgien aide-major in 1839, he joined the Commission scientifique de l'Alqerie in 1844. Four years later, he became director of Affaires civiles of Oran Province, in 1871, prefet of Alger, and in 1871, a depute. His writings, which are considered authoritative, include L'Algerie devant Ie Senat (1863), L'Algerie devant I'opinion publique (1864), L'Algerie devant I'Empereur (1865), and Bureaux arabes et colons (1869). He died in Versailles, 15 March 1875. IndexBFr2 (3); Peyronnet, p. 847 Warnock, John, born 23 May 1864 at Maldon, Victoria, Australia, he was a trained medical doctor from the University of Edinburgh and a sometime director of the Lunacy Division, Ministry of Interior, Cairo. He was awarded the Order of the Nile, and 3rd Class, Order of the Osmaniyeh. He died 4 June 1942. Who,1919-1936; Who was who, 4

Warren, Sir Charles, born 7 February 1840 at Bangor, Wales, he entered the Royal Engineers in 1857 and advanced to the rank of general. For some years he conducted excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund at Jerusalem. He later pursued a military and political career in South Africa and Egypt. He died 21 January 1927. Britlnd (10); CelCen; ONB; Who, 1916-1928; Who was who 2 de Warren, Edouard, born 4 April 1871 at Rouen, he was educated at Nancy and the military colleges of Saint-Cyr, and Saumur. After twelve years of military service, he went with his brother to Tunisia to establish an agricultural domain in the Mornag Valley some eleven miles from Tunis. He became the founding president of the Association Agricole and also founded the Tunisian Section of the Red Cross. He received the cross of the Legion d'honneur in 1911, when the President of the Republic made an official visit to the Reqence. Curinier de Warren, Francois Patrice Edouard, comte, born in 1811 in the French colony in India. He wrote L'lnde anglaise en 1843 (1844), Conciliation et solution, ou 1830 et 1850 (1850), the translation, Das englische Indien (1851), and L'ltalie et Rome en 1869 (1869). He died in 1898. BN; LC Warren, John, born 20th cent., he wrote the booklet, Greek mathematics and the architects to Justinian (1976), and he was joint author of Traditional houses in Baghdad (1982). LC Warren, Max Alexander Cunningham, born in 1904 at Dun Laoghaire (Kingstown), Eire, he was a clergyman who, as a young man, went to Nigeria as a missionary but was invalided home ten months later with tuberculosis. From 1942 to 1963 he was general secretary of the Church Missionary Scociety, London, and subsequently to 1973, a sub-dean and canon of Westminister. His writings include The Calling of God; four essays in missionary history (1944), and Crowded canvas; some experiences of a life-time (1974). He died in 1977. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; ONB; IntAu&W, 1977; WhE&EA; Who,

71959-1977; Who was who, 7

Warren, William Preston, born 26 January 1901 at New Glasgow, P.E.I., he graduated in 1925 from Acadia University and received both a B.D. in 1927 and a Ph.D. in 1929 from Yale University. From 1929 to 1945 he was a professor of philosophy at Furman University, Greenville, S.C. Canadian, 1936/37, 1938/39; ConAu 37-40; OrAS, 1974 P; IntAu&W,1976; Master (1); WhoAm, 1968/69-1974/75

Warriner, Doreen, born in 1904, she was educated at Malvern Girls' School and St Hugh's College, Oxford, and obtained a Ph.D. at the University of London. Awarded a Rockefeller Travelling Fellowship, she travelled extensively in eastern Europe, collecting material for her first book, Economics of peasant farming (1939). She was particularly well fitted to undertake research in this subject in that, apart from her academic training, she had a country background and knew about farming from Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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personal experience - in fact at the beginning of the war she ran a farm in Warwickshire. By nature a radical, she cared passionately for the freedom of others to live their own lives. It was the search for a peasant society with a coherent social organization and ethos - something of which she was later to sense in the quality of life of the Persian and the Ethiopian peasants - which first turned her attention to central and eastern Europe. Most of the war years she spent in the Ministry of Economic Warfare in England and later at the Middle East Supply Centre in Cairo. No longer able to visit eastern Europe after the war, she began to turn her attention to peasant problems in the Middle East and underdeveloped countries in general. She returned to academic life in 1947 at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, London. Her writings include Land and poverty in the MIddle East (1948), Land reform and development in the Middle East (1957), Agrarian reform and community development in U.A.R. (Cairo, 1961), Land reform in principle and practice (1969), and she was joint author of Results of state trading (1933). She died in 1972. Slavonic and East European review 51 (1973), pp. 292-293 von Warsberg, Alexander, Freiherr, born 30 March 1836 at Saarburg near Trier, Prussia, he studied at Graz and Wien and subsequently entered the diplomatic service. In 1863 he accompanied ambassador Anton Graf Prokesch von Osten on his travels through Italy, Switzerland, France to Constantinople. Since 1868 a consul at Corfu, he travelled in Egypt, Greece, Syria, and Libya. Since 1877 he was consul-general at Venezia. His writings include Ein Sommer im Orient (1869), Dalmatien; Tagebuchblatter (1904), and Das Land der Griechen (1984). He died in Venezia, 28 May 1889. ADtB; DtBE; DtBilnd (1); Wurzbach

Wartuhi, Vester, born in 1877 at Adiaman, Armenia, he was in 1895 training at the American Mission in Aintab (Gaziantep), Turkey. Note Waschitz, Joseph, 1910- see Vashits, Yosef Washburn, George, born in 1833, he graduated in 1855 from Amherst College where he also received a D.O. in 1874. He was for ten years a missionary under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Constantinople, and for twenty-five years president of Robert College, Bebek. His writings include Fifty years in Constantinople, and recollections of Robert College (1909). He died in Boston, 15 February 1915. ACAB; Amlnd (4); ANB; DAB; NatCAB 10, pp. 492-93, vol. 26, p. 102; Shavit; WhAm 1 Washington, John, born in 1800, he entered the Navy in 1912 and advanced to the rank of rearadmiral; he also was a hydrographer who travelled much. He was one of the original members of the Royal Geographical Society and from 1830 to 1841 served as their secretary. His writings include Eskimaux and English vocabulary (1859). He died in Le Havre in 1863. Boase; Concise DNB; DNB Wasilewitsch (BacVlIleBLI1Y), Gennadi, born 17 September 1946 in Russia, he received a doctorate from the Moscow State University, and was a subject specialist in East European and Central Asian subjects at the Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, until his retirement in 2004. He concurrently taught Russian. His writings include wonetbucn des Bibliothekwesens; russisch-deutsch, deutsch-russisch (1988), and he was joint author of Sowjetisches Bibliotheks- und Buchwesen (1975), and Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie in der Sowjetunion, 1945-1975 (1978). Private Wasilewski, Marek A., fl. 1965, he wrote Wojna w Hondurasie (Warszawa, 1960). aSK Wasserstein, Bernard Mano Julius, born 22 January 1948 at London, he received a D.Phil. in 1973 from Oxford University with a thesis entitled British officials and the Arab-Jewish conflict in Palestine, 1917-1929. He was from 1976 to 1980 a lecturer in politics in the University of Sheffield; he subsequently beame a professor of history at Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass., a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Wyndham Deedes in Palestine (1973), The British in Palestine (1978), and Vanishing diaspora (1996). ConAu 143, new rev. 90; NatFacDr, 1995; Sluglett; WhoAm, 1994-1996 Wasserstein, David John, born 21 September 1951, he received a Ph.D. in 1982 from Oxford for The Rise and fall of the Party Kings; politics and society in Islamic Spain, 1002-1086. He was a lecturer in history, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. In 1999/2000, he was a fellow at Wissenschaftskolleg, Berlin. His writings include the booklet, The Druzes and Circassians of Israel (1976), and The Caliphate in the West (1993). LC; MESA Roster of members, 1982 WaBmuB, Wilhelm, born 14 February 1880 at Ohlendorf, Prussia, he was educated at Goslar and studied law at Marburg, Berlin and GOttingen. While at Berlin he concurrently studied Oriental languages, mainly Arabic, at Orientalisches Seminar, receiving a diploma in Moroccan Arabic as well as his bar admission in 1904. He forewent doctoral studies for an immediate ten-year appointment with the Foreign Office as a dragoman in Zanzibar. He later served as a consul and dragoman at Bushire, Cairo, and Constantinople. He was instrumental in activities during the Great War as one of the group of agents-provocateurs, composed of Germans, Turks, and Indian revolutionaries, which the

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Central Powers despatched to the Middle East soon after the commencement of hostilities, with the double purpose of stirring up a jihad in that region and of inciting the rulers of Persia and Afghanistan to enter the lists against the Allies. During his activities he behaved with consummate skill and assurance, in the endeavour both to maintain his own prestige with his Persian hosts and to keep them firm in the belief that Germany was winning the war. It is not known whether he formally embraced Islam, but he undoubtedly posed to them as a Muslim and was accepted as such by them, wearing a beard and dressing and living entirely as a Persian. "His exploits deservedly won him fame as the German Lawrence" (Denis Wright) since he organized a tribal revolt in southern Persia against the British in 1915. Worn out by a long legal struggle with the Persians, which he won in a court of appeal, he died suddenly of heart failure in Berlin, 29 November 1931. JCAS 19 (1932), pp. 151-155; Niedersachsiche Lebensbilder, vol. 5 (9162), pp. 323-342; Wright

Watbled, Ernest, born 19th cent., he wrote Souvenirs de t'ermee d'Afrique (Paris, 1877), and Les Brigands de Marathon; etude historique sur la Grace contemporaine (Tours, 1897). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Watelin, Louis Charles, born in 1874, he was field director of a combined Oxford and Chicago expedition to Mesopotamia, 1924-1930, experiences which are embodied in his Excavations at Kish (19241934). His other writings include La Perse immobile, ses paysages inconnus, ses villes delaissees (1921). He died in 1934. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Waterbury, John, he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from Columbia University with a thesis entitled The king and his courtiers; the Moroccan political elite - a study in segmented politics.

Selim

Waterfield, Ottiwell Charles, born in 1830, he was educated at Eton and became a scholar of King's College, Cambridge. He was a school principal at East Sheen, Mortlake, and a director of various banks and public companies from 1880 to his sudden death in Windsor, 24 August 1898. Boase Waterhouse, Gilbert, born in 1888 at Hipperholme, Yorkshire, he was in 1913 a lecturer in English at the Universitat Leipzig, and from 1933 to 1953 a professor of English at Queen's College, Dublin. His writings include The Literary relations of England and Germany in the seventeenth century (1914). He died in 1977. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; IntAu&W,1977; Master (2); Who,1943-1977; Who was who, 7 Waterhouse, Leroy, born in 1875 at Pierpont, Ohio, he was a Semitic scholar who taught at theological schools, before he was appointed in 1915 a professor of Semitics at the University of Michigan, where he served for thirty years. He was a life member of the American Oriental Society, and their president in 1936. He died in 1972. Amlndex (3); ConAu P-1, 19-20; DrAS, 1969 F; Master (1); Shavit; WhAm,5; WhE&EA Waterhouse, William Charles, born 31 December 1941 at Galveston, Texas, he graduated in 1963 from Harvard, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1968. In 1980 he was appointed a professor of mathematics at Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa., a post which he still held in 2002. Master (2); NatFacDr, 1995-2002; WhoE, 1975, 1991/92

Waterlot, Georges, born 14 March 1877 at Paris, he trained as a printer and subsequently advanced to become a director of the government press at Koulouba (today Mali). He went in 1904 to Senegal and in 1907 he served in Dahomey. He spent the years from 1913 to 1928 in Madagascar, before he ended his career in the French Sudan. Throughout his life he used his spare time to pursue academic interests, mainly in natural science. In 1920 he received a diplome d'etudes supetieure in natural science from the Faculte des Sciences de Paris for a report on Le Poids encephalique en fonction de la grandeurcorporelle dans la setie des vettebres. He died in 1939. Hommesetdestins, vol. 3, pp. 518-519 Waterman, Charles Elbridge, born 20th cent., he was an official of the U.S. Department of State who served in a number of Middle Eastern countries, including Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon. He was assigned to Beirut during the 1975-76 period. Note Waterman, Leroy, born in 1875 at Pierpont, Illinois, and educated at Hillsdale College, Oxford, Berlin, and Chicago, he was an archaeologist, and from 1915 to 1945 a professor of Semitic languages at the University of Michigan. He died in 1972. Amlndex (3); ConAu 19-20; DrAS, 1969 F; NatCAB, vol. 58, pp. 511-512; Shavit; WhE&EA; WhAm 5

Waterman, Peter. born in 1936 at London, he was for several years a lecturer at the Institute of Social Studies, den Haag. His writings include Communist theory of the Nigerian trade union movement (1973), Conservatism amongst Nigerian workers (1975), Division and unity amongst Nigerian workers (1982), Aristocrats and plebeians in African trade unions (1983), and Globalization, social movements, and the new internationalisms (1998). LC; Note Waterson, Natalie, born in 1922 at London, she was in 1975 affiliated with SOAS. Her writings include Uzbek-English dictionary (1980), and Prosodic phonology; the theory and its application to language acquisition (1987). LC; Note Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

618 Wathelet, Jules Alfred, born 19th cent., he was in 1916 a secretaire-avocat to the conseiller judiciaire at Mandofia, Qasr el-Doubara; he also was a sometime secretary general to the Societe sultanieh d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation, and, certainly from 1916 to 1941, a member of the Society. Note Wathen, William Henry, fl. 1835-1839, he was in 1836 a Persian secretary to the Bombay Government. His writings include A Grammar of the Sindhi language (Bombay, 1836). JRAS; LC; Note Watin, Louis, born 19th cent., he was a controieur civil honoraire, who wrote Receuil de textes marocains; style administratif (Paris, 1954). BN; Note Watson, Andrew, born 15 February 1834 at Oliverburn, Perthshire, Scotland, he was a graduate of Carroll College, Waukesha, Wisc. He also studied at Princeton and Allegheny theological seminaries and took a partial course in medicine at Jefferson Medical College. In 1861 he went to Egypt to serve as a missionary until his death on 9 December 1916. He wrote The American mission in Egypt, 18541896 (1898). DAB; MW 7 (1917), 196-198; Shavit; WhAm, 1 Watson, Andrew Murray, born in 1930, he was a professor of economics at the University of Toronto. His writings include The East Jordan Valley; a social and economic survey (Amman, 1961), and Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world (1983). LC; MESA Roster of members, 1990 Watson, Sir Charles Moore, born in 1844 at Dublin, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He served in various capacities in the Sudan, India Office, and Egypt. His writings include British weights and measures (1910), The Story of Jerusalem (1912), and Fifty years' work in the Holy Land (1915). He died in 1916. Stanley Lane-Poole wrote Watson Pasha (1919). Britlnd (1); DNB; Hill; Who was who 2 Watson, Charles Roger, born 17 July 1873 at Cairo of missionary parents, he was educated in the United States. He was one of the founders of the American University at Cairo and their president from 1922 to 1945. He was an able speaker and writer, as well as a careful administrator, endowed with vision, faith and energy. His contribution to education in Egypt was acknowledged also by the Egyptian Government. His writings include In the Valley of the Nile; a survey of missionary movement in Egypt (1904), Egypt and the Christian crusade (1907). He died 10 January 1948 at Bryn Mawr, Pa. DAB; Shavit; WhAm, 2

Watson, James L., born in 1943, he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of California at Berkeley for A Chinese emigrant community; the man lineage in Hong Kong and London. He was a sometime lecturer in Asian anthropology at SOAS, and in 1995 he was affiliated with the Department of Anthropolgy, Peabody Museum, Harvard. His writings include Emigration and the Chinese lineage (1975), and he edited Between two cultures; migrants and minorities in Britain (1977), and Asian and African systems of slavery (1980). LC; NatFacDr, 1995 Watson, John Hugh Adam, born 10 August 1914 at Leicester, England, he was educated at Rugby and King's College, Cambridge, and became a sometime British ambassador at Dakar and a fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford. He was head of the African Department, Foreign Office, from 1956 to 1959, and from 1980 to 1995 he served as a professor at the Center for Advanced Studies, University of Virginia. IntWW,1974-1977; IntYB, 1978-1981; Who, 1963-2002; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79 Watson, Oliver J., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1977 from SOAS with a thesis entitled Persian lustre tiles of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. His writings include Persian lustre ware (1985), and he was joint author of American potters today (1986). Sluglett Watson, Patty Jo, born 26 April 1932 at Superieur, Nebr., she received a Ph.D. in 1959 from the University of Chicago for Early-village farming in the Levant and its environment. In 1973 she was appointed a professor of anthropology at Washington University, Saint Louis, Mo., a post which she still held in 1995. Her writings include Archaeological ethnography in western Iran (1979), and she was joint editor of Of caves and shell mounds (1996). AmM&WS, 1973 S; ConAu 77-80, new rev. 13; DrAS, 1978 H, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1995; WhoAm, 1990-1994

Watson, Richard Allan, born 23 February 1931 at New Market, Iowa, he graduated in 1953 from the University of Iowa, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1961 for Simon Foucher and the Cartesian way of ideas. In 1974 he was appointed a professor of philosophy at Washington University, Saint Louis, Mo. His writings include The Breakdown of Cartesian metaphysics (1987), The Philosopher's joke (1990), and Good teaching; a guide for students (1997). ConAu 77-80; DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 P; Master (2); WhoAm, 1988/89, 1994, 1995,2002

Watson, Robert Grant, born 19th cent., he served with the Bombay Army until he resigned in 1865 with the rank of captain. He subsequently served until 1879 at British legations in the Balkans, U.S.A., and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

619 western Europe. His writings include A History of Persia from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the year 1858 (1866), and Spanish and Portuguese South America during the colonial period (1884). He died in London, 28 October 1892. Boase

Watson, William, born 9 December 1917 at Clydebank, Scotland, he was educated at Cains College, Cambridge. From 1940 to 1946 he served with the rank of major with British Army Intelligence, mostly in the Middle East. He subsequently was an assistant keeper at the Department of British and Mediceval Antiquities, British Museum, London, until 1966, when he became a professor of Chinese art and archaeology at SOAS. He edited The Art of Iran and Anatolia from the eleventh to the thirteenth century A.D.; a colloquy, 1973 (1974). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; Au&Wr,1971; ConAu 9-12; IntWW, 1993-2002; Master (1); Who, 1974-2002; WhoAm, 1974-1988/89; WrDr, 1974/76-1984/86

Watson, William John, born 20th cent., he received an M.A. in 1955 from McGill University, Montreal, for his thesis, Muhammad 'Ali and the Khilafat movement. In 1968 he was affiliated with the University of British Columbia, Canada. Ferahian Watt, Donald Cameron, 1928- see Cameron Watt, Donald Watt, William Montgomery, born 14 March 1909 at Ceres Fife, Scotland, he was educated at Edinburgh, Oxford, and Jena, obtaining a Ph.D. in 1944 Edinburgh with a thesis entitled Free will and predestination in early Islam. From 1939 to 1946, he served successively as a curate in London, Edinburgh, and Jerusalem, and subsequently as a professor of Arabic at Edinburgh. He was a visiting professor at the University of Toronto, 1963/64, at Paris, 1970, and Georgetown, 1978/79. His writings include Companion to the Qur'an, based on the Arberry translation (1967), Islamic fundamentalism and modernity (1988), and Early Islam; collected essays (1990), as well as editions and translations of classical Arabic texts. His books have been translated into French, German, and Turkish. In 1993 he was honoured by Essays on Islam; a felicitation volume. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; ConAu, 1-4, new rev. 6, 21, 44; IntAu&W, 1976; Master (1); Private; IWWAS, 1975/76; Sluglett; WhE&EA; Who, 1966-2004; WrDr, 1976/78-2002

Waugh, Sir Alexander Telford, born 22 October 1865 at London, he entered the British Consular Service in 1885 in the Levant as a student interpreter, and continued serving in Turkey and the Balkans until his retirement in 1930. His writings include Turkey; to-day and to-morrow (1930). He died in 1950. Britlnd (1); WhE&EA; Who, 1921-1949; Who was who, 5 Waugh, Sir Arthur Allen, born 25 July 1891, he was educated at George Watson's College, and the University of Edinburgh. He entered the Indian Civil Service in 1914 and served until 1943. He died in 1968. Britlnd (1); IndianBiind (2); Who, 1943-1968; Who was who, 6 Waugh, Daniel Clarke, born 12 December 1941 at Philadelphia, Pa., he graduated in 1963 from Yale University and received a Ph.D. in 1963 from Harvard for Seventeenth-century Muscovite pamphlets with Turkish themes. In 1972 he was appointed a professor of history and Russian and East European studies in the University of Washington, Seattle, a post which he still held in 2004. His writings include The Great Turks defiance; on the history of the apocryphal correspondence of the Ottoman sultan in its Muscovite and Russian variants (1979). Directory of American scholars, 1978 H, 1982 H; National faculty directory, 1995-2004; Private

Waugh, Earle Howard, born 6 November 1936 at Regina, Sask., he received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of Chicago for Religious levitation and the Muslim experience. After briefly teaching at Cleveland State University, he was appointed a professor, and later chairman, Department of Religious Studies, the University of Alberta at Edmonton. His writings include The Muslim community of North America (1983), and Peace as seen in the Qur'an (1986). DrAS, 1974 P, 1978 P, 1982 P; DrASCan, 1983 Waughburton, Richard, pseudo see Byron, Robert, 1905-1941 Waughray, Vernon, born 20th cent., he wrote the booklet, Race relations in Great Britain (London, Peace News, 1961). NUC, pre-1956 Wawer, Wendelin, born about 1945, he wrote Muslime und Christen in der Republik Indonesien (1974), a work which was originally presented as his doctoral thesis in 1972 at Heidelberg. ZKO Wawrzeniecki, Marjan Piotr Wladyslaw, born in 1863 at Warszawa, he studied at Warszawa, Krakau (Krak6w), MOnchen and Paris. He was an ethnographer, archaeologist, historian and a painter. His writings include Krawawe widma; ciekawe procesy, tortury i osobliwe egzekncje (Warszawa, 1909). He died in 1943. Polski (7); NEP Weakley, R. H., born 19th cent., he was a missionary who translated C. G. Pfander's Mizan ul-Haqq, entitled The Balance of truth (1867). Between 1878 and 1887 he served on two revision committees for the purpose of perfecting W. G. Schauffler's Turkish translation of the Bible. BLC; Note Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Weaver, Martin E., born 12 May 1938, he was an English architect and conservator of monuments who was commissioned by Unesco to prepare conservation studies on the shrine of Shaykh Safi at Ardabil, Iran. In 1974 he was head of the program for Restoration Studies for the Government of Canada, Bureau of Northern and Indian Affairs. His writings include Conserving buildings (1993). Note Webb, John, born in 1776 at London, he was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, and in 1880 ordained to the curacy of Ravenstone. He was a Latin scholar and palaeographer; he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1819. He was a contributor to Archaeologia. He died in 1869. DNB

Webb, Sir Richard, born in 1870, he was educated at Fonthill, Wiltshire and H.M.S. Britannia. He received four first-class certificates and retired in 1929 with the rank of admiral. He was from 1918 to 1920 assistant High Commissioner to Turkey. He died in 1950. Who, 1921-1950; Who was who, 4; Who's who in Surrey, 1936

Webber, Edwin Jack, born 29 October 1918 at Grand Blanc, Mich., he received a Ph.D. in 1955 from the University of California, Berkeley, for Origins of the Spanish theater as related to the classical Latin drama. He was successively affiliated with his alma mater and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. His writings include Spanish literature in English translation (1955). DrAS, 1969, 1974, 1978 F Weber, Albrecht Friedrich, born 17 February 1825 at Breslau, Prussia, he studied Oriental and classical philology, as well as history, at Breslau, Bonn and Berlin, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1845 at Breslau for Yajurveda specimen cum commentario. Since 1848 he taught Sanskrit at Berlin. He died there on 30 November 1901. DtBE; DtBilnd (3); Stache-Rosen; T'oung pao, 2e serle, 2 (1901), p. 388 Weber, Donald John, born 30 August 1943 at Queens, N.Y., he graduated from State University of New York, College, Geneseo. He was a sometime librarian at Patchogue, N.Y. BiDrLUS,1970; WhoLibS, 1966

Weber, Edouard Henri, born 20th cent., he was a medievalist whose writings include La controverse de 1270 a I'Universite de Paris et son retentissement sur la pensee de s. Thomas d'Aquin (1970), Dialogue et dissensions entre saint Bonaventure et saint Thomas d'Aquin a Paris, 1252-1273 (1974), and La personne humaine au XI/Ie steele (1991). LC Weber, Theodor Gg., born 6 Januar 1872 at Smyrna, he was educated at an English school in Smyrna, the Gymnasium GOtersloh, and the universities of TObingen and Berlin, where he studied law and Oriental languages. He received a Dr.jur. in 1897 from the Universitat Erlangen for Die Zusendung unbestellbarer Waren nach deutschem Handelsrecht. He joined the German foreign service and was posted to Turkey from 1896 to 1918. He subsequently served with the foreign office, Berlin, until 1925, when he was appointed a consul at SalonikL Werisr's, 1928, 1935 Week, Johannes, born 3 August 1905 at Lunzenau, Saxony, he was a forester in Brandenburg, before he became a professor of forestry at the Universitat Hamburg. His writings include Die Walder der Erde (1957). He died in Hamburg, 14 January 1965. DtBilnd (1); KOrschner, 1950-1966 Weekel, Marcel, born 3 July 1902 at Bougie, Algeria, he was educated at the College de Setif, Lycee d'Alger, and graduated from l'Ecole polytechnique. He was a government civil engineer who was appointed in 1926 head of public works in Fes, and in 1932 became head of public works and railways at Alger. From 1947 to 1962 he was director-general of Electricite et Gaz d'Alqerte, His writings include a lecture given in 1948 entitled L'Equipement industriel de 1'Algerie. BN; WhoFr, 1965/66-1979/801 Wedderburn, Sir David, born 20 December 1835 at Bombay, he was educated at Edinburgh University and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a soldier and member of Parliament. His writings include Modern imperialism in India; a paper (1879), and British colonial policy (1881). He died near Edinburgh, 18 September 1882. His sister wrote Life of Sir David Wedderburn, compiled from his journals and writings, by Mrs. E. H. Percival, i.e. Louisa Jane Wedderburn Percival (1884). Boase; Master (3) Wedeek, Harry Ezekiel, born 11 January 1894 at Sheffield, England, he was educated chiefly at Edinburgh, but also studied in France and the United States. During the first World War he served with the British forces in the North-West Frontier Province of India, where he took up the study of Pashto, in which he won a government prize. He later went to the United States, where he became a teacher and lecturer in classics in N.Y.C. His writings include Humor in Varro (1929), and Mortal hunger (1947). He died in 1996. CnDiAmJBi; ConAu 1-4, 152, new rev., 4; DrAS, 1974, 1978 F; Note; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972 von Wedel, Henning, born in 1945, he received a Dr.jur. in 1975 from the Universitat Hamburg for Das Verfahren der demokratischen Verfassungsgebung. He was joint author of Grundkurs Volkerrecht; das internationale Recht des Friedens (1977). LC

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Wedemeyer, August, born 5 November 1867 at POhlde, Prussia, he studied at Kiel and Berlin, where received a Dr.phil. in 1908 for Die Bahn des Planeten (279) Thule. Sezgin; Thesis Wedgwood, Josiah Clement, born in 1872 at Barlaston Lea, he was an English naval architect and a socialist leader. His writings include Report of the Commission appointed by act of Parliament to enquire into the operations of war in Mesopotamia, together with a report by Commander J. Wedgwood (1917), and Memoirs of a fighting life (1940). He died in 1943. Britlnd (6); DNB; Who, 19091943; WhE&EA; Who was who, 4

de Wee, Maurice, born about 1900, he received a doctorate in law, political science and diplomacy, and became a vice-president in the Mixed Tribunal at al-Mansurah, Egypt. His writings include La Competence desjuridictions mixtes d'Egypte (1926), and La Nationalite egyptienne (1926). NUC, pre156

Weers, Egge, born 20th cent., he was an aid worker in Bangladesh and affiliated with Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit, Eschborn. He was joint author of the booklet, Savar farm, the central breeding-station of Bangladesh. Sezgin Weexsteen, Raoul, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1974 from the Universite de Strasbourg for Colonisation, oecotonlsetion et structure urbaine; une ville d'Algerie, Blida. THESAM,2 Wegener, Georg, born 31 May 1863 at Brandenburg on Havel, he gained a Dr.phil. and became a professor of geography at the Handelshochschule, Berlin. His writings include Zur Kriegszeit durch China, 1900-1901 (1902), Der Wall von Eisen; ein Jahr an der Westfront (1915), Der Zaubermantel; Erinnerungen eines Weltreisenden (1919), and Die geographischen Ursachen des Weltkrieges (1920). He died in Beriln, 10 July 1939. DtBE; DtBilnd (5); KOrschner,1925-1935; Werist's, 1912-1935 Wegner, Armin Theophil, born 16 October 1886 at Elberfeld, Germany, he left school with undistinquished marks at the age of seventeen to work on a farm. It was not until 1908 that he graduated as a mature student from high school. During the first World War he first served as an orderly in a military hospital in Poland. In 1916 he was posted to the Near East as a medical officer and became known as Omer Tarik, a name under which he later published several articles in der Neue Orient when he was its editor. In the Turkish theatre of war, he was a witness to the atrocities in Armenia. During the 1920s he was a reporter in Africa and Asia, and in 1929 he rode a motorcycle with a sidecar from Beersheba in the Sinai to the pyramids. In the 1930s he continued to contribute articles to the German press, using a great variety of pseudonyms to protect himself as a member of a clandestine communist cell. In 1941 he emigrated and spent the following twenty years at the Gulf of Salerno as a "prisoner in a golden oyster." In 1967 he was admitted to Yad Vashem, Jerusalem. He spent the last years of his life in Roma, where he died on 17 May 1978. Reinhard M. G. Nickisch wrote a biography, Armin T. Wegner, ein Dichter gegen die Macht (1982). Wegner-Kortes, Sigrid, born 28 July 1933 at Potsdam, she studied history at Leipzig from 1952 to 1954, when she was delegated to study for four years at Lomonosov University, Moscow. She received a Dr.phil. in 1964 from Humboldt Uruversltat, Berlin, under her first married name, Kumpf nee Korfes, for her thesis entitled Bismarcks "Draht nach RuBland;" zum Problem der sotiei-okonomlscnen HintergrOnde der russisch-deutschen Entfremdung im Zeitraum von 1878 bis 1891, a work which was published in 1968. Since 1960 she was affiliated with the Institut fur Geschichte der VOlker der UdSSR, Humboldt Unlversitat, Berlin. Her other writings include Blutsonntag 1905 (1976), Otto von Bismarck und RuBland (1990), and Weimar, Stalingrad, Berlin; das Leben des deutschen Generals Otto Korfes (1994). Thesis Wehmer, Theodor, born in 1932, he was for over twenty years in the import-export business. In 1976 he was a foreign trade consultant at Freiburg im Breisgau, particularly to medium size business. Note Wehr, Hans, born 5 July 1909 at Leipzig, he grew up in Halle, where he was a pupil at Francksche Stiftungen and also a student at the Universltat, receiving two doctorates, Dr.phil. in 1934 for Die Besonderheiten des heutigen Hocharabischen, and Dr.habil. in 1939 for EinheitsbewuBtsein und Gottesvertrauen; das 35. Buch von AI-Gazali's Hauptwerk. He was successively a lecturer and professor at Greifswald and Erlangen until 1957, when he accepted an invitation from the Universitat MOnster, where he remained to his retirement in 1974. He is best remembered for his Worterbuch der arabischen Schriftsprache der Gegenwart and its English edition by J. Milton Cowan entilted A dictionary of modern written Arabic, both of which have been repeatedly reprinted. He died in MOnster on 24 May 1981. DtBE; DtBiind (1); Index Islamicus (2); Islam 59 (1982), pp. 1-3; KOrschner, 1950-1980; Schwarz; Wer ist wer, 1967/68-1979

Wehrmann, Lorenz, born 20th cent., he was an aid worker in Third World agriculture. include Fishery and processing; situation and possibilities (Jakarta, 1978). LC

His writings

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Wei, Yuan, born in 1794, he was a Chinese reformer whose writings include the translations, Histoire de la conquete du Nepal par les Chinois (1879), and Chinese account of the Opium War (1888). He died in 1856. Jane Kate Leonard wrote Wei Yuan and China's rediscovery of the maritime world (1984). (Master (1) Weibel, Adele Coulin, born 2 April 1880 at Luzern, she studied medicine, architecture, and geology at ZOrich and Bern. She travelled widely in western Europe before continuing her studies at Oxford. From 1912 to 1914 she lived in Firenze. During a visit in 1915 to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, N.Y.C., she began to be interested in the art and textiles of Islam. In 1919 she returned to Bern for further studies and afterwards went to Wien, where she became affiliated with J. Strzygowski. When he was invited to a guest professorship at Harvard, she accompanied him as his assistant. From 1924 to her death she was a member of the Detroit Institute of Arts; after her retirement in 1949, as a curator emeritus of textiles. Her writings include Two thousand years of textiles (c1925, 1972). She died in Detroit on 29 July 1963. Art quarterly 26 (1963), pp. 247-48; Detroit Institute of Arts bulletin 42 (1964), p. 76 Weichinger, Johann, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1953 from the Universitat Wien for Anton Springer als Historiker und seine politische Haltung. GV Weicken, Helmuth, born 20th cent., he was in 1961 affiliated with Hessisches Institut fur Betriebswirtschaft, Frankfurt am Main. He was joint author of Auslandische Arbeitskrafte in Deutschland (1961). NUC, 1956-67 Weidemann, Diethelm, born early 20th cent., he gained a Dr.sc.pol. from a political academy at Potsdam and became successively affiliated with Deutsche Akademie fur Staats- und Rechtswissenschaft "Walter Ulbricht," Abteilung Auf:!>enpolitik der Staaten Asiens und Afrikas, Potsdam, and Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, as a professor of international relations. He was joint author of Vietnam Land im SOden (1968), Indonesien (1975), and he edited Die Politik der Nichtpaktgebundenenheit in Asien und Afrika (1968). His tenure was not renewed after German reunification. KOrschner, 1992 Weidmuller, Wilhelm, born 20th cent., he wrote the booklet, Wie alt ist unser Alphabet (1956). Weiers, Michael, born 26 December 1937 at Bernried, Bavaria, he received a Dr.phil. in 1965 for Untersuchungen zu einer historischen Grammatik des praklassischen Mongolisch, and a Dr.habil. in 1971. In 1972 he was appointed a professor of comparative linguistics and history of Central Asia. His writings include Die Sprache der Moghol der Provinz Herat in Afghanistan (1972), and he edited Serta Tibeto-Mongolica; Festschrift far Walther Heissig (1973). KOrschner, 1976-2001 Weigall, Arthur Edward Pearse Brome, born in 1880 on Jersey, he was an Egyptologist whose writings include A Report on the antiquities of Lower Nubia (1907), and Personalities of antiquity (1928). He died in London in 1934. Dawson; Egyptology; Master (4); Who 1921-1933; Who was who 3 Weigand, Gustav Ludwig, born 1 February 1860 at Duisburg, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1888 from the Unlversitat Leipzig for Die Sprache der Olympo-Walachen. He was for many years a professor of Rumanian, and head of Institut fur Rurnanlsche Sprache, in the Universitat Leipzig. His writings include Die Dialekte der GroBen Walachei (1902), Albanesische Grammatik (1913), and Ethnographie von Makedonien (1924), and its translation, 3mHoapacPufiHa MaKeaoHufi (1981). He died in Belgershain, Saxony, 8 July 1930. DtBE; DtBilnd (1); KOrschner,1925-1928/29; MembriiAR; MicDcEnc; RNL; Wer ist's, 1909-1928

Weigert, Gideon, born 12 May 1919 at Hamburg, he went to Palestine in 1933 and Jerusalem, where he received a Ph.D. in 1989 from the Hebrew University for Mitsrayim ba-me'ah ha 18. He was a journalist and a member of the editorial board Post. His writings also include Days and nights in the Old City; sketches of Arab (1947), and Life under Israeli occupation (1971). Wholsrael,1976-19991

was educated at ha-H'alutiyah be of the Jerusalem life in Jerusalem

Weigert, Oscar, born 12 August 1886 at Berlin, he received a Dr.jur. in 1915 for Die Ausgleichung zwischen Vorbehaltsgut und eingebrachtem Gut im gesetzlichen GOterstand. He was a member of the German ministry of labour. Between 1935 and his emigration to the U.S.A. in 1938 he was a consultant to the Turkish government in the formation of modern labour laws. His writings include Das Gesetz Ober Arbeitsvermittlung und Arbeitslosenversicherung (1930), and Administration of placement and unemployment insurance in Germany (1934). He died in Chevy Case, Md., 6 January 1968. BioHbDtE; NYT 14 January 1968, Section 1, p. 84, col. 5

Weightman, George Henry, born 27 January 1929 at Union City, N.J., he received a Ph.D. in 1960 from Cornell University for The Philippine Chinese. He taught sociology in the Philippines and at AUB, and was since 1969 a professor at Lehman College, CUNY. His writings include George Henry Weightman; forty years in Philippine studies, an oral history (1990). AmM&WS, 1973 S; Private Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Weightman, Simon C. R., born 20th cent., he gained a Ph.D. and became a lecturer at SOAS. His writings include Indian Subcontinent; Traveller's literary companion (1996), and he was joint author of Introductory Hindi course (1979). Note Weigt, Ernst, born 12 August 1907 at Marburg, he received a Dr.phil. in 1932 at Leipzig for Die Kolonisation Kenias. He was for many years a director of Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeographisches Institut, NOrnberg. His writings include Europaer in Ostafrika (1955), and Kenya und Uganda (1958). He was honoured by Ostafrikanische Studien; Ernst Weigt zum 60. Geburtstag (1968), and Ernst Weigt; eine WOrdigung anlaBlich seines 65. Geburtstages (1972). HbDtWiss; KOrschner, 1966-2001; Unesco Weiher, Gerhard, born in 1947, he studied political science, sociology and modern history and received a Dr.phil. in 1978 from the Universitat MOnchen for Militar und Entwicklung in der Turket, 1945-1973. He held an assistantship at MOnchen, before he accepted the same position at a Middle East research centre in the Freie Uruversitat Berlin. Note Weijers, Hendrik Engelinus, 1805-1844 see Weyers, Hendrik Engelinus Weiker, Walter F., born in 1931 at Berlin, he went to the U.S.A. with his family in 1938. He was a graduate of Antioch College. After his M.A. in 1958 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., he went to Turkey from December 1959 to April 1961 on a grant from the Ford Foundation. He received a Ph.D. in 1962 from Princeton for The Free Party of 1930 in Turkey; local opposition in a rapidly modernizing nation. From 1962 until his death of cancer on 8 June 1997, he was a professor of political science at Rutgers University, Newark, N.J. His writings include The Turkish revolution, 1960-61 (1963), The modernization of Turkey (1981), and Ottomans, Turks, and the Jewish polity; a history of the Jews of Turkey (1992). AmM&W5, 19735,19785; MESA bulletin 31 ii (1997), pp. 207-208 Weikert, Alfred, born 29 April 1910 at Wien, he gained a Dr.jur. and subsequently became an educational official in the Austrian government in Wien. He was a sometime president of the HammerPurgstall-Gesellschaft. KDtLK,1952; Note; WhoAustria, 1959/60-1964 Weil, Daniel, born 19th cent., he was affiliated with the Alliance scientifique universelle. His writings include the booklet, Annuaire de la delegation generale d'Egypte (Alexandrie, 1885). BN Weil, Elsie F., born at the end of the 19th cent., at Chicago, she gradudated from the University of Chicago and became a writer. She contributed to several major American newspapers and was affiliated in various capacities with the periodical Asia from 1917 to 1946. Since 1947 she was editor of United Nations world. She lived and travelled in the Orient. Note; WhE&EA Weil, Gotthold Eljakim, born in 1882 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1905 from the Universitat Berlin for Die Behandlung des Hamza-Alif im Arabischen, besonders nach der Lehre von ez-Zemehsert und Ibn al-Anbari. In 1906 he joined the Staatsbibliothek Berlin, where he became the first director of its Oriental department from 1918 to 1931, concurrently teaching at the Universltat. He emigrated to Jerusalem in 1934, where he held similar posts. He died in Jerusalem in 1960. BioHbDtE; DtBE; EncJud; JahrDtB, 1922-1929; KOrschner,1925-1931; Mitteilungen derStaatsbibliothek PreuBischerKulturbesitz 14 (1982), pp. 59-61; Welt des Is/ams 38 (1998), pp. 280-285; Wininger

Weil, Gustav, born 24 or 25 April 1808 at Sulzburg, Baden, he was educated privately and at the Ecole talmudique, Metz. He studied history and Arabic at Heidelberg and Paris. For lack of funds he went in 1832 as a journalist for a German newspaper to Algeria. After a few months he found employment in Egypt as a professor and translator at Egyptian schools, stUdying Arabic, Persian, and Turkish in his spare time. From Cairo he first went to Constantinople, where he spent a few months, and then proceeded to Heidelberg where he obtained his Dr.habil. in 1836. His critical remarks about HammerPurgstall, voiced in the translation of al-Zamakhshari's Goldene Hetsbender (1836), were so detrimental to his academic career that he was obliged to work from 1837 to 1848 as a librarian at Heidelberg, before obtaining a professorship. His writings include Historisch-kritische Einleitung in den Koran (1844), Biblische Legenden der Musulmanner (1845), its translation, Legenden der Muselmannen over bijbelsche personen (1853), and Geschichte der Kalifen (1846-51). He died in 1889. BbD; BiD&5B; Deutsche biographische Enzyklopadie (1995-2000); fram;aises 1 (1866/67), pp. 159-160; Wininger

EncJud;

FOck, 175-76; JOdLex; L'Orient, 1'Algerie et les colonies

Weil, JOrgen W., born 20th cent., he studied physics and Oriental languages at Wien. He spent 1963/64 on a research visit to Turkey. He received a Dr.phil. for his thesis Madchennamen vetreiselt; 100 Ratsel-Epigramme aus dem arabischen Adab-Werk "Alf gariya wa gariya," a work which was published in 1984. In 1976 he was working for the International Atomic Energy Agence, Wien. Note Weil, Maurice Henri, born 29 November 1845 at Paris, he was a soldier who advanced to the rank of captain and was awarded Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur. His writings include La Campagne des Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Russes dans Ie Khanat de Kokhand (1876), La Tourkmenie et les Tourkmenes (1880), Prince Eugene et Murat (1902), and Les Dessous du conqres de Vienne (1917). He died in 1924. Qui etes-vous, 1924

Weil, Michel A., 1814-1889 see Weill, Michel Aaron Weiland, Heribert, born 9 July 1942, he received a Dr.phil. in 1973 from the Unlversitat Freiburg im Breisgau for Erziehung und nationale Entwicklung in Gabun. His writings include Zukunftsperspektiven fOrfriedlichen Wandel im sOdlichen Afrika. KOrschner, 19921 Weill, Jacques Georges, born 6 July 1865 at Alger or Selestat (Bas-Rhin), he was educated at the College de Toul (Meurthe-et-Moselle), Lycee Louis-Ie-Grand, Paris, and graduated from l'Ecole Normale Superleure, In 1905 he was appointed a professor of history at the Lycee Louis-Ie-Grand. His writings include Histoire du Parti republicain en France, 1814-1870 (1900), and L'Europe du XIXe siecie et tidee de nationalite (1938). He died in 1944. Qui etes-vous, 1924; Wininger Weill, Michel Aaron, born 19 July 1814 at Strasbourg, he studied at Ecole centrale rabbinique, Metz, and at the Sorbonne, Paris. He was a teacher at the Ecole consistoriale, Nancy, before he became in 1845 the first French grand rabbin at Alger, a post which he held to 1864. He was a private scholar until 1876, when he became rabbi at Toul (Meurthe-et-Moselle). In 1885 he returned to Paris to pursue his private study. His writings include Le Judaisme, ses dogmes et sa mission (1866-69). He died in Paris, 6 January 1889. EncJud; JewEnc; JOdLex; Wininger Weinbaum, Marvin G., born 4 June 1935 at N.V.C., he graduated in 1957 from Brooklyn College, and received a Ph.D. in 1961 from Columbia University for A Minority's survival; the Republican Party of New York, 1897-1960. He was appointed a professor of political science in 1965 at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Presidential election (1968), and Egypt and the politics of U.S. economic aid (1986). ConAu 150; LC; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1995; Private

Weinberg, Isak, born in 1878 at Kozienec, Poland, he studied Indo-European languages, including Sanskrit, and comparative Semitic languages at Warszawa, Berlin, Breslau, and Paris. He is said to have obtained a doctorate in 1914 at Breslau, been appointed a lecturer in Arabic at Warszawa in 1915, and invited to produce a catalogue of Oriental manuscripts of the Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, in 1916, but none of this can be verified in other sources. Wininger = Polski Weinberg, Magnus, born 13 May 1867 at Schenklengsfeld, Hesse, he studied at Fulda, Halberstadt, Rabbinerseminar, Berlin, and received a Dr.phil. in 1893 at Halle-Wittenberg for Die Geschichte Josefs, angeblich verfaBt von Basilius dem GroBen aus Caesarea. He was successively a rabbi at Sulzburg and Neumarkt. His writings include Geschichte der Juden in der Oberpfalz (1909). Wininger Weiner, Jerome Bruce, born 21 June 1946 at Louisville, Ky, he graduated in 1968 from Dickinson College, received a diploma in 1972 from the Institut Bourguiba, Tunis, and a Ph.D. in 1976 from Columbia University for Fitna, corsairs, and diplomacy; Morocco and the maritime states of western Europe, 1603-1672. Since 1876 he was affiliated with the Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Va. DrA8, 1978 H, 1982 H; MESA Roster of members, 1982; Private

Weingrod, Alex, born 28 February 1931 at Milwaukee, Wisc., he received a Ph.D. in 1959 from the University of Chicago for From the Millah to Mashaw; culture contact and change in a new-immigrant village in Israel. He was successively affiliated with Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass., and Ben Gurion University of the Negev. His writings include Israel; group relations in a new society (1965), The Saint of Beersheba (1990), Living together separately; Arabs and Jews in contemporary Jerusalem (1991) and he edited Studies in Israeli ethnicity (1985). AmM&W8, 19738; LC Weinhandl, Ferdinand, born 31 January 1896 at Judenburg, Styria, he received a Dr.phil. and Dr.habil. in 1919 and 1922 respectively and became successively a professor of psychology and pedagogy at Kiel, Frankfurt, and Graz. His writings include Meister Eckehard im Quellpunkt seiner Lehre (1923), Die Metaphysik Goethes (1932), Geistesstromungen im Ostraum (1942), and Wege zum Lebenssinn (1951). He died in Graz, 14 August 1973. DtBE; DtBiind (2); KOrschner, 1935-1970; Teichl; WhAm 6; WhoAustria, 1954-1964; WhoWor, 1974/75

Weinland, Robert Gilman, born 24 April 1936 at Somerville, N.J., he graduated in 1958 from Stanford University. Since 1966 he was affiliated with the Center for Naval Analyses, Arlington, Va. His writings include essay-type analyses, Changing mission structure of the Soviet Navy (1971), Soviet transits of the Turkish Straits, 1945-1970 (1972), and Superpower naval diplomacy in the October 1973 ArabIsraeli war; a case study (1979). AmM&W8, 1973 8, 1978 8 Weinryb, Bernard Dov, born Sucher Berek Weinryb on 15 May 1897 at Turobin, Poland, according to the vita in his thesis (other sources give as the year of his birth 1900, 1901, and 1905), he was Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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educated at Nizhni Novgorod (Gorki) and studied history, German, and economics at Breslau, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1931 for Studien zur Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Juden in RuBland und Polen. Since 1950 he was a professor of history at Dropsie College, Philadelphia, Pa. His writings include Der Kampf um die Berufsumschichtung; ein Ausschnitt aus der Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland (1936), and The Jews of Poland (1973). DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; ConAu 45-48, new rev. 25; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972, 1978

Weinryb, Sucher Berek, 1897- see Weinryb, Bernard Dov Weinstein, Brian G., born 10 October 1937 at Jamestown, N.Y., he graduated in 1959 from Yale and received a Ph.D. in 1963 from Harvard for his thesis entitled Building the Gabonese nation. In 1966 he was appointed a professor in the Department of Political Science, Howard University, Washington, D.C., a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Gabon; nation-building on the Ogooue (1966); he was joint author of Introduction to African politics (1974); and he edited Language policy and political development (1990). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 21-24; LC; NatFacDr, 1995 Weinstein, Myron M., born 20th cent., she was a sometime reference librarian, Hebraic Section, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. She edited The Washington Haggadah; a facsimile edition (1991). LC Weinstock, Nathan, born 20th cent., he wrote Le Sionisme contre Israel (1969), its translation, Das Ende Israe/s? (1975), Le Mouvement revolutionnaire arabe (1970), Zionism; false Messiah (1979), and Le Pain de misere (1984-86). LC Weintritt, Otfried, born about 1950, he received his Dr.phil. in 1988 at Freiburg im Breisgau. He was the editor of Das biographische Lexikon, of Khalil ibn Aybak, vol. 27 (1997). ZKO Weipert, Reinhard, born 12 September 1950 at Haunstetten, Swabia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1977 from the Unlversitat MOnchen for Studien zum Diwan des Re'i. After gaining a Dr.habil. in 1987 he became a professor of Semitic languages at MOnchen. KOrschner, 1992-2003 Weir, Shelagh G., born 20th cent., she was a curator at the Ethnography Department of the British Library, London. Her writings include Palestinian embroidery (1970), Spinning and weaving in Palestine (1970), The Bedouin; aspects of the material culture of the Bedouin of Jordan (1976), Qat in Yemen; consumption and social change (1985), and Palestinian costume (1989). DrBSMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; MESA Roster of members, 1982; Note

Weir, Thomas Hunter, born 28 June 1865 at Glasgow, he graduated from the University M.A. in 1885 and B.D. in 1888. His dominant interest was Semitic languages. He was never ordained, but as a licentiate took charge of the mission station at Kingairloch from 1889 to 1891. In 1893 he was offered an assistantship in Semitic languages at Glasgow. He spent six months in the Lebanon and also visited Palestine and Egypt. In 1896 and subsequent years he made prolonged visits to Germany. Since 1902 he was a lecturer in Hebrew and Arabic. In addition, he also read Persian and Turkish, and for two years towards the end of his life conducted a class in Persian. His writings include A Short history of the Hebrew text of the Old Testament (1899), Arabic prose composition (1910), Omar Kheyyem, the poet (1926), and the revised editions of Sir William Muir's The Life of Mohammed (1912), and The Caliphate (1924). He died in Glasgow, 5 May 1928. Transactions of the Glasgow University Oriental Society, vol. 20, 1963-64 (1965), pp. 1-9

Weis, Hans, born 10 May 1911 at Wien, he studied history, geography and English at Wien, where he also obtained a Dr.phil. Since 1935 he taught at various schools in Wien. In 1967 he became a lecturer in geography at Geographisches Institut, Wien. In 1972 he gained a Dr.habil. He made several research visits to the Middle East and conducted no less than four expeditions to the Sahara. His writings include 1m Banne der Sahara (1956), Die Piste ins Tibesti (1971), and he was joint author of Libyen, brennende Wilste - glilhender Sand (1975). In 1991 he was honoured by 1m Bann der Wilsten dieser Erde; dem Geographen und Orientexperten Hans Weis zum 80. Geburtstag (1991). Note; Who is who in Csterreich, 1983

Weis, Paul, born 19 March 1907 at Wien, he emigrated in 1939 to the U.K., where he worked with British counter intelligence at Richborough Camp, Kent, during the war. In 1954 he gained a Ph.D. in law at L.S.E. He later was a consultant in refugee affairs to international organizations in Geneve, He was joint author of The Problem of statelessness (London, 1944). DtBE; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972 Weisbach, Augustin, born 17 July 1837 at Komotau, Bohemia, he studied at Josefsakademie, Wien, where he gained a medical doctorate in 1861, and subsequently entered the army. After three years as a medical assistent at various medical institutes, he was appointed a physician at the AustroHungarian hospital in Constantinople, advancing to the post of director in 1871. When he resigned from active service he was a physician with the general staff. His writings include Korpermessungen Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

626 verschiedener Menschenrassen (1878), and Die Serbokroaten der adriatischen KOstenlander (1884). He died in Graz, 17 April 1914. DtBilnd (2)

Weisbach, Franz Heinrich, 1865-1944 see Weir1bach, Franz Heinrich Weisband, Edward, born in 1939, he was a professor of political science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, certainly from 1995 to 2002. He wrote Turkish foreign policy, 1943-45 (1973), its translation, Ikinci dOnya sevesinae lnonc'nun di§ politikasl (1974), and he edited A Free trade association (1968), and Poverty amidst plenty; world political economy and distributive justice (1989). LC; NatFacDr, 1995-2002

Weisbrodt, Gustav, born 14 October 1823 at NeumOnster, Germany, he studied law and subsequently practised at the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein. He later pursued an interest in journalism and literature, becoming an ediitor of Hamburger Borsenbleti. After moving to Wien, he became a correspondent for the MOnchen Allgemeine Zeitung. This was his last gainfUl employment, before becoming a free-lance contributor to Austro-Hungarian, German, and American periodicals. His poetry was published in Die Dioskuren. GeistigeWien, vol. 1 (1893); KDtLK, 1884, 1885, 18951 Weischer, Bernd Manuel, born 20 May 1937 at Oelde, he received a Dr.phil. in 1965 at Bonn for Cyrill von Alexandrien; der Dialog uDaB Christus einer ist." In 1969 he was appointed a professor at Dogmatisches Seminar und Raymundus-Lullus-Institut in the Universltat Freiburg im Breisgau. He was in charge of cultural affairs at Goethe-Institut, Casablanca, from 1971 to 1977, when he became a professor at the Seminar fOr Geschichte und Kultur des Vorderen Orients, Hamburg. His writings include Die necntiichen Gesprecne des Fariduddin 'Attar (1981). KOrschner, 1983-2003; Note Weise, Otfried R., born 7 May 1943 at Waldenburg, Germany, he was educated at Schweinfurt, and studied geology and geography at Worzburg, receiving a Dr.rer.nat. in 1956 for Reliefgenerationen am Ostrand des Schwarzwaldes. He gained a Dr.habil. in 1974 for Zur Hangentwicklung und Flachenbildung im Trockengebiet des iranischen Hochlandes. His writings also include Das Periglazial (1983). Thesis

Weisgal, Meyer Wolf, born in 1894 in Poland, he graduated from Columbia University and became a Zionist executive. He was successively an editor of The New Palestine and Jewish standard. He was resident in Israel since 1949. His writings include Meyer Weisgal ... so far; autobiography (1971) and its translations, Der lange Weg nach Jerusalem (1973), Vi es volt nekhten geven (1974). He died in Tel Aviv, 29 September 1977. Bioln 7,8,9, 11; BlueB, 1974175, 1976; ConAu 89-92; CnDiAmJBi; CurBio, 1972, 1977; EncJud; IntWW,1974175-1978; Shavit; Wholsrael, 1956-1976; WhoWor, 1974175; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972

Weisgerber, Charles Henri, born in 1854, he received a medical doctorate in 1899 at Stral1burg for La Corporation des chirurgiens-barbiers de Ribeauville, 1680-1791. His writings also include Les Blancs d'Afrique (Paris, 1910). NUC, pre-1956 Weisgerber, Frederic Guillaume, born 30 March 1868 at Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Haut-Rhin), he studied medicine at the Universitat Stral1burg, where he received his Dr.med. in 1892; he obtained his second medical doctorate in 1894 from the Universite de Paris for L'Organisation medicele en Allemagne. During a visit to Britain in 1894, he accepted the post as ship's doctor on a steamer plying between Liverpool and Batavia. An unforseen ten-day stop-over at Alger on the second voyage, became his destiny. After his return voyage in March of 1896 he settled in Morocco, practising his profession and learning Arabic. At the end of 1897 he was called to treat the grand vizier who had become seriously ill during one of the last Sharifian military expeditions. He remained in Morocco as an explorer, physician, and administrator until his retirement in 1931. His writings include Trois Mois de campagne au Maroc (1904), Le Malais vulgaire (1908), Casablanca et les Chaoui"a en 1900 (1935), and Au Seuil du Maroc moderne (1947). He died in Rabat, 28 December 1946. BN; Hommeset destins, vol 7, pp. 491-497

Weisheipl, James Athanasius, born 3 July 1923 at Oshkosh, Wisc., he was ordained a Dominican priest in 1949, and gained doctorates in 1953 and 1957. He served for many years at the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies in the University of Toronto as a professor. His writings include Nature and gravitation (1955), and a reprint of essays published between 1954 and 1981 entitled Nature and motion in the Middle Ages; edited by William E. Carroll (1985). ConAu 41-44, New rev. 15; DrAS, 1969 P, 1974 P, 1978 P, 1982 P; IntAu&W, 1976, 1977; Master (1)

von Weisl, Wolfgang Zeev, born in 1896 or 27 March 1897 or 2 March 1902 in Austria-Hungary, he was educated at Budapest and Klausenburg (Cluj), and gained a medical doctorate. He was a journalist and Zionist politician. His writings include Der Kampf um das Heilige Land (1925), Zwischen dem Teufel und dem Roten Meer; Fahrten und Abenteuer in Westarabien (1928), and he was joint author of Allah ist groB; Niedergang und Aufstieg der islamischen Welt von Abdul Hamid bis Ibn Saud (1936). DtBilnd (1); NUC, pre-1956; Wholsrael, 1956/57-1973/741; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Weisrock, Andre, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1980 from the Universite de Paris I with a thesis entitled Geomorphologie et paleoenvironments de I'Atlas atlantique (Maroc). THESAM,1 Weiss, Bernard George, born 10 August 1934, he received a Ph.D. in 1966 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled Language in orthodox Muslim thought; a study of "wad' al-Iughah" and its development. He was in 1995 a professor in the Department of Language and Literature, Utah University, Salt Lake City. His writings include The Search for God's law; Islamic jurisprudence (1992); he was joint author of A Survey of Arab history (1985); and he was joint editor of Religion and law (1990). MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr, 1995; LC; Selim WeiB, Dieter, born 2 December 1935 at Berlin, he studied engineering at Berlin, spent 1961/62 in Egypt on a fellowship, and received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1962 from his alma mater for Wirtschaftliche Entwicklungsplanung in der V.A.R. He was for fifteen years affiliated with Deutsches Institut fur Entwicklungspolitik as head of its Middle East Section. Since 1977 he was an academic member of the Technische Unlversitat Berlin. Kurschner, 1983-2001; MESA Roster of members, 1982; Weristwer, 1985-1994/95 WeiB, Edmund, born 26 August 1837 at Freiwaldau, Austrian Silesia, he studied mathematics and astronomy at Wien. He joined the Wien observatory in 1858 and was from 1875 to his retirement its director. His writings include Bi/der-Atlas der Sternenwelt (1888). He died in Wien, 20 June 1917. DcScB; DtBilnd (10); Master (1); Werist's, 1912

Weiss, Frangois, born 20th cent., he wrote Doctrine et action syndicales en Algerie (Paris, 1970), and Les Relations du travai/ en France (1988). LC Weiss, John, born 27 March 1948, he gained a doctorate and was a sometime lecturer at the Project Planning Centre in Bradford University, UK. His writings include Practical appraisal of industrial projects (1980), Industry in developing countries (1988), Industrial and trade policy in developing countries (1992), and he was joint editor of Cost-benefit analysis and project appraisal in developing countries (1996). LC Weiss, Leopold, 1900-1992 see Asad, Muhammad Weiss, Roberto, born in 1906, he was a somtime professor of Italian at University College, London; he received a doctorate in 1941 at Oxford for Humanism in England during the fifteenth century, a work which was published entitled" Primo secolo dell'umanesimo (Roma, 1941-49). His writings include his inaugural lecture at University College, London, entitled The Dawn of humanism in Italy (1947), and The Renaissance discovery of classical antiquity (1969). He died in 1969. BLC; NUC, pre-1956 Weiss, Rudolf, 1867-1940 see Varl, Rezso Weiss, Walter W., born 27 November 1942 at Wien, he gained a Dr.phil. and a Mag.rer.nat. He was a secondary school teacher and writer, mainly of coffee table books, whose writings include Nordafrika; Ferienstral3e durch den Maghreb (1971), and Flucht aus der Waste; Gustav Nachtigal entdeckt die Zentralsahara (1977). He was awarded several book prizes. IntAu&W, 1977; WhoAustria, 1982/83 WeiB von Strakenfeld, Victor, he wrote Die K.u.k. Orientalische Akademie zu Wien (1839), Sal und Rudabeh; episch-Iyrische Gedichte frei nach dem Persischen des Firdewsi (1840), and Kleiner politischer Katachismus der Osterreichischen Rechtspartei, 2nd ed. (1873). GV WeiBbach, Franz Heinrich, born F. H. Weisbach on 25 November 1865 at Chemnitz, he received a Dr.phil. in 1889 at Leipzig for Uber die Achaminideninschriften zweiter Art, and also a Dr.habil. in 1897 for Losung der sumerischen Frage. He was an Assyriologist whose other writings include Beitrage zur Kunde des Irak-Arabischen (1980-30). He died in Markkleeberg, 20 February 1944. DtBE; Kurschner, 1925-1935; Wer ist's, 1935

WeiBe, Franz, born 8 February 1878 at Doblschau, Thuringia, he was in 1910 a teacher of applied arts at Staatliche Kunstgewerbeschule, Hamburg. His writings include Das Ornament des Buchbinders (1913), Die Kunst des Marmorierens (1940), its translation, The Art of marbling (1980), and Der Handvergolder(1951). He died in 1952. DtBiind (1) Weissen-Szumlanska, Marcelle, born 19th cent., she wrote Hors du harem (1908), L'Ame erchetque de I'Afrique du nord (1933), and Les Hommes rouges (1952). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Weissen-Szumlanska, Wilfrid, comte, he wrote Quelques perles algerienne; ou, /'invitation au voyage (Bizerte, 1936?). NUC, pre-1956 Weissenberg, Samuel, born 14 December 1867 at Gandzha (Elisavetgrad), Azerbaijan, he studied at the Polytechnikum, Karlsruhe, and subsequently studied medicine at Heidelberg, where he received a Dr.med. in 1890 for Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von den Lesestorungen auf Grund eines Fal/es von Dyslexie. Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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He travelled in Turkey, Egypt, and Palestine. His writings include Die sudrussiscnen Juden (1895), and Das Wachstum des Menschen (1911). He died in 1928. DtBiind (1); Werist's, 1909-1912; Wininger WeiBenborn, Hermann, fl. 1855-92, he wrote Die cyclischen Curven methodisch ... dargestellt (1855), Die Projection in der Ebene (1862), Grundzage der analytischen Geometrie der Ebene (1876), and Zur Geschichte der Einfahrung der jetzigen Ziffern in Europa durch Gerbert (1892). GV Weisser, Ursula, born 12 January 1948 at Schwabisch-Hall, Germany, she received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1974 at Frankfurt am Main for Das uBuch aber das Geheimnis der Schopfung von Pseudo-Apollonius von Tyana, and a Dr.habil. in 1983 for Zeugung, Vererbung und pranatale Entwicklung in der Medizin des arabisch-islamischen Mittelalters. She was successively affiliated with the universities in ErlangenNOrnberg, Mainz, and Hamburg. KUrschner, 1987-2003 U

Weisweiler, Max, born 17 June 1902 at Koln, he was a librarian and head of the department of Oriental books and manuscripts at the Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, before he moved to Bonn to continue his career in the same capacity. Concurrently he was a sometime professor of Arabic at the Universitat Bonn. His writings include the trade edition of his doctoral thesis, Buntes Prachtgewand; abet die guten Eigenschaften der Abessinier, von Muhammad ibn 'Abdalbaqi al-Buhari (1924), Verzeichnis der arabischen Handschriften der Universitatsbibliothek zu Tabingen (1930), and the translations from the Arabic, Arabesken der Liebe (1954), Das Halsband der Taube (1961), Von Kalifen, SpaBmachern und klugen Haremsdamen (1963), and Arabische Marchen (1965-66). He died in Bonn, 2 March 1968. His private papers were acquired by the Library of the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden in February 1990. JahrDtB, 1940-1967; KUrschner,1954-1966; Private; Schwarz; Sezgin; Wer ist wer 14 (1962),15 (1967/68)

Weitbrecht, Herbert Udny, 1851-1937 see Stanton, Herbert Udny Weitbrecht Weitzmann, Kurt, born in 1904 at Klein Almerode near Kassel, he studied at MOnster, WOrzburg, Wien and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1929 for Die Elfenbeinkasten aus der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit. From 1945 to 1972 he was affiliated with Princeton. His writings include a collection of his essays entitled Studies in the arts at Sinai (1982). He died in Princeton, 7 June 1993. BioHbDtE; ConAu, 41-44,141, new rev., 35; DtBE; DrAS, 1969-1978 H; IntAu&W, 1976; WhoAm, 1974-1978; yvhoAmArt, 1966-1991/92

Weizmann, Chaim, born in 1874 in Russia, he was an authority on research in chemical science, a director of the Admirality Laboratories from 1916 to 1919, a president of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, as well as a president of Israel. His writings include Trial and error; autobiography (1949). He died in 1952. AnaBrit; CurBio, 1942, 1948, 1952; DcScB; DNB; Master (3); NearMEWho, 1945/46; WhAm, 3 & 4; Wholsrael,1949-1952; Who was who, 5; Wininger

Welborn, Mary Catherine, born in 1899, she graduated in 1921 from Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and received a Ph.D. in 1935 at Chicago for Calendar reform in the thirteenth century. She was affiliated with the U.S. Federal Government as a consultant. NUC, pre-1956; Who's who of American women, 1958/59,1961/62

Welch, Anthony, born 20th cent., he was in 1979 an assistant professor of fine art in the University of Victoria. His writings include Collection of Islamic art (1972-78), Shah 'Abbas and the arts of Isfahan (1973), Artists for the Shah; late sixteenth-century painting at the imperial court of Iran (1976), and Calligraphy in the arts of the Muslim world (1979). LC; Note Welch, Stuart Cary, born 2 April 1928 at Buffalo, N.Y., he graduated in 1958 from Harvard and became a curator of Near Eastern and Indian art at the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings, many of which have been translated, include The Art of Mughallndia (1963), Persian painting; five royal Safavid manuscripts of the sixteenth century (1976), Imperial Mughal painting (1978), Wonders of the age; masterpiece of early Safavid painting (1979), and he edited Gods, kings and tigers; the art of Kotah (1997). ConAu,103; NatFacDr,1995; Note; WhoAm, 1980/81; WhoAmArt, 1973-2001/2002

Welcker, Hermann, fl. 1879, he wrote Dialektgedichte; Sammlung von Dichtungen in allen deutschen Mundarten, nebst poetischen Probem aus ... den germanischen Schwestersprachen (Leipzig, 1889). Welin, Ulla S. nee Linder, born in 1909, she studied archaeology at Stockholm, where she also received a fil.lic. She was an authority on Oriental numismatics, particularly Arabic coins found in Scandinavia. Her research results were incorporated in Corpus nummorum saeculorum IX-XI qui in Suecia reperti sunt = Catalogue of coins from the 9th-11th centuries found in Sweden (1975-79). She was an honorary member of the Royal Numismatic Society, London. She died in Stockholm on 12 May 1983. Derlslam61 (1984), pp. 10-11 van Well, GOnther Wilhelm, born in 1922 at Osterath, Germany, he was educated at Bonn and Harvard and in 1959 entered the German foreign service. He was a president of Deutsche GesellWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

629 schaft fur Auswartige Politik, Bonn, and a sometime ambassador to the USA. IntWW, 1989-1993/94; Wer ist wer, 1984

Weller, Friedrich, born 22 July 1889 at Markneukirchen, Saxony, he studied Oriental languages at Leipzig, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1915, and a Dr.habil. in 1922 for a thesis entitled Der chinesische Dharmasamgraha. He subsequently taught at Leipzig until his retirement in 1957. Since 1938 he held the chair of Indology at his alma mater. His writings include Zum mongolischen Tanjur (1949). He died in 1980. HbOtWiss; KOrschner,1935-1976; Werist wer, 1955, 1958; Stache-Rosen Wellesz, Egon Joseph, born 21 October 1885 at Wien, he was a musicologist and composer. His writings include Aufgaben und Probleme auf dem Gebiete der byzantinischen und orientalischen Kirchenmusik (1923). He died in Oxford, 9 November 1974. AnaBrit; Au&Wr,1963; BioHbOtE; ConAu 53-56; ONB; OtBE; OtBilnd (10); EEE; EncAm; IntWW, 1974/75; KOrschner, 1926-1931; Master (3); NOB; Wer; WhAm, 6; WhE&EA; Who, 1936-1974; WhoAustria, 1954; Who was who, 7; WhoWor, 1974/75; Wininger

Wellesz, Emilie (Emmy) Franciska nee Stross, she received a Dr.phil. in 1921 at Wien for Gandhara im Rahmen vergleichender Kunstforschung. She subsequently became an associate in research at Kunsthistorisches Institut der Universltat Wien, working under Josef Strzygowsi. In 1935 she played a leading part, including the publication of a small catalogue, in the preparatory work on an exhibition of Islamic miniatures, textiles, and minor arts in the Museum fur Kunst und Industrie, Wien. Devoted to her husband and to the social duties connected with her life as wife of a world-renowned scholar and composer, she still managed to follow her own interests to a certain extent even after their emigration to England in 1938. Her writings include the booklet, Akbar's religious thought reflected in Mogul painting (1952), The Vienna Genesis (1960), and she edited 'Abd ai-Rahman ibn 'Umar al-Sufi's An Islamic book of constellations (1965). She died in Wien, 13 June 1987. WZKM 79 (1989), pp. 339-42 Wellhausen, Julius, born 17 May 1844 at Hameln, Germany, he was a theologian, and a Biblical as well as Arabic scholar of great influence. He was successively a professor at Greifswald, Halle, Marburg, and Gottingen, where he died on 7 January 1918. His writings include Muhammed in Medina (1882), and Reste arabischen Heidentums (1887). He is the subject of Horst Hoffmann's 1967 thesis, Julius Wellhausen; die Frage des absoluten Mal3stabes seiner Geschichtsschreibung; Kurt Rudolph wrote Wellhausen als Arabist (1983). AnaBrit; OtBE; OtBilnd (4); EncBrit; EncJud; FOck, pp. 223-226; Index Islamicus (3); JewEnc; Master (2); M£yaAfJ £MfJVIKfJ £YKuK!\oTTalO£la, vol. 6 (1928), p. 941; Pallas; RNL; Who, 1899-1909

Wells, Alfred Kingsley, born 24 June 1916 at White Plains, N.Y., he was from 197 to 1972 head of the Washington, D.C., office of the Greek town planner Konstantinos A. Doxiadis. Since 1981 he was in private praxis at Cessy (Ain), France. His writings include Compulsory acquisition of land for communities and redevelopment in the U.S. and England (London, 1970). NUC; WhoWor, 1987/88 Wells, Charles, born 6 September 1838 at London, he was educated at King's College, London. He was a professor of English at the Imperial Naval College, Constantinople, and as private secretary to General Kemball he served on the Turko-Persian Frontier Commission as well as the Turko-Serbian war, 1876. His writings include 11m tedbir-i mulk, the science of the administration of a state; or, An Essay on political economy in Turkish (1860), Mehmet, the Kurd, and other tales from Eastern sources (1865), A Practical grammar of the Turkish languages (1880), and The Literature of the Turks (1891). He died 5 October 1917. Britlnd (2); Who, 1899-1909; Who was who, 2 Wells, Frederic Arthur, born 12 July 1901 at Nottingham, he was educated at University College, Nottingham, and LSE, gaining a Ph.D. in 1931 in economics. Except for visiting professorships abroad, including the Sudan, he was affiliated with the University of Nottingham throughout his life. His writings include The British hosiery trade (London, 1935). He died in 1971. Unesco; Who was who, 7 Wells, Henri Lake, born 8 March 1850, he was educated at the Military Academy, Woolwich. In 1871 he became a lieutenant in the Royal Engineers. He was specially employed in the War Office from 1873 to 1874, and posted in 1875 to India, where he served in the Afghan campaign, 1878-79. He also surveyed the routes for telegraph lines in Kashmir and Gilgit. Since 1880 he served as a director of Indo-European Telegraph in Persia, and later assisted on delimitation of the Afghan frontier. He was presented with a sword of honour by Shah Nasir ai-Din. He became lieutenant-colonel, 6 November 1896. He died suddenly in Karachi, 31 August 1898. Boase; Buckland; ONB; Riddick Wells, Sidney Herbert, born 10 August 1865 at Cottenham, Cambs., he was educated at private schools, Birkbeck and King's College, London. He was a British engineer who in 1906 visited Egypt to report on technical education. In 1907 he became director-general of the Department of Technical, Industrial, and Commercial Education, Egypt. In 1916 he was still resident in Egypt, and a member of the Societe sultanieh d'economie politique, de statistique et de legislation. He was awarded Medjidieh Order, and Order of the Nile. His writings include Engineering, drawing, and design (London, 1893). He died 28 March 1923. Britlnd (2); Who, 1908-1921; Who was who, 2 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Wellstedt, James Raymond, born in 1805, he was a naval officer of an East India Company's surveying ship in the Red Sea. He spent two months in 1834 surveying the Island of Socotra. In 18351836 he explored Oman, where he probably became the first to note down Himyarite inscriptions which he had found at Husn Ghurab. He made an. unsuccessful attempt to get through to Najd, but later visited the Hijaz coast. He returned to Muscat in 1837, but, in a delirium of fever, fired two shots into his mouth. He lingered on for a few more years. His writings include Travels in Arabia (1838), its translation, Reise in Arabien (1842), and Travels to the city of the caliphs (1840). He died in London in 1842. Bidwell; DNB; Egyptology; Master (2) Welten, Peter, born 26 April 1936, he received a Dr.phil. in 1966 from Evangelisch-Theologische Fakultat, TObingen, for Die Konigstempel; ein Beitrag zur Militarpolitik Judas unter Hiskia und Josia, and also a Dr.habil. in 1973 for Geschichte und Geschichtsdarstellung in den ChronikbOchern. He was successively a professor at his alma mater, Kirchliche Hochschule, and Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin. Kurschner, 1983-2003

Welton, Charles, born 19th cent., he was a sometime journalist who contributed to the New York periodical The World. His writings include the pamphlet, The Horrors of the Huns, Bulgars and Turks in the cradle of Hellenism (New York, 1918). NUC, pre-1956 Weltsch, Robert, born 20 June 1891 at Prag, where he obtained a Dr.phil. at Karls Unlversitat. He was a prominent leader of the German Zionist movement, a sometime editor of Die JOdische Rundschau, and a London correspondent for Ha'aretz. His writings include Ja-sagen zum Judentum, (1933), and An der Wende des modernen Judentums (1972). In 1961 he was honoured by Robert Weltsch zum 70. Geburtstag von seinen Freunden. He died in Jerusalem on 22 December 1982. Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Emigration nach 1933 (1980-85); Bioln 13, 16; ConAu 108; DtBE; EncJud; Judl.ex; Wholsrael, 1958-1980/81; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972

Weman, Torsten, born 25 March 1901, he studied law at Uppsala and in 1929 entered the Swedish diplomatic service as a legation secretary in Constantinople. He subsequently served until 1943 at Ankara, before returning to Istanbul as vice-consul until his retirement in 1967. He died 8 March 1981. Meddelanden/Svenska Forskningsinstitut i Istanbul, vol. 6 (1981), pp. 71-72

Wencker-Wildberg, Friedrich, born 27 June 1893 or 1896 at WOrzburg, he was a private scholar and an editor, whose writings include Abessinien (1935), and Knechtung Agyptens (1940). He died in Ulsenheim, 2 April 1970. KDtLK, Nekrolog, 1936-70; Werist's, 1935 Wendel, Carl Max Ludwig Hermann, born in 1884 at Metz, ElsaB-Lothringen, he studied philosophy and history at the Universitat MOnchen and became an editor successively in Chemnitz, Leipzig, and Frankfurt am Main. An ardent advocate of Franco-German understanding, he became in 1910 an alderman in Frankfurt. In 1912 he became a social democrat member of the diet. After the 1918 November revolution, he retreated from political activity and worked as a free-lance journalist. In 1933 he emigrated to Paris, where he collaborated with the publication of the German Social Democrat exile journal, Neuer votwetts. His writings, partly under the pseudonym Leo Parth and Karl Max, include Makedonien und der Friede (1919), Die Habsburger und die SOdslawenfrage (1924), and he was joint author of Pro Macedonia; polemique (Paris, 1918). He died in St. Cloud on 10 October 1936. DtBE; Wer ist's, 1935

Wendel, Carl Theodor Eduard, born 2 December 1874 at Erfurt, he studied theology at TObingen and Halle, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1899 for De nominibus bucolicis, pars 1; de theocriti nominibus bucolicis. His writings include Die griechisch-romische Buchbeschreibung verglichen mit der des vorderen Orients (1949), and he edited Scholia in Theocritum vetera recensuit Carlos Wendel (Leipzig, 1914). He died in Halle, 16 August 1951. Kurschner, 1925-1950; Thesis Wendell, Charles, born 5 May 1919, he received a Ph.D. in 1967 from UCLA with a thesis entitled Ahmad Luffi al-Sayyid and the concept of an Egyptian nation. Since 1967 he was affiliated with his alma mater as a professor of Arabic and religious studies. His writings include The Evolution of the Egyptian national image, from its origins to Ahmad Luffi al-Sayyid (1972), and he translated from the Arabic Five tracts of Hasan al-Banna' (1978). DrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; Selim Wengler, Wilhelm, born 12 July 1907 at Wiesbaden, he received a Dr.jur, Dr.rer.pol., and Dr.h.c. He was successively a professor of law at Berlin universities. His writings include Die Verwa/tungsorganisation der Kolonien im tropischen Afrika (1937), and Friedenssicherung und Weltordnung (1947), and he was joint editor of Documents on the Arab-Israeli conflict (1978). HbDtWiss; Kurschner, 1954-19921; Werist wer, 1950-1981

Wengraf, Tom, fl. 1963, he was joint author of The Political economy of communications, published for the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation in 1973. NUC, 1973-1977 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Weninger, Josef, born 15 May 1886 at Salzburg, he studied history and anthropology at Wien, where he also received a Dr.phil. in 1917 for Die Keramik der kupferzeitlichen Pfahlbaustationen am Mondsee, and in 1926 a Dr.habil. in physical anthropology. He was a federal conservator of monuments, a professor, and a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften as well as a president of Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien. His writings include Armenier; ein Beitrag zur Anthropologie der Kaukasusvolker (1951), and Die Mingrelier aus dem Kaukasus in ihrer anthropologischen Stellung (1955). He died in Wien, 28 March 1959. DtBE; Kurschner, 1935-1954; Teichl; WhoAustria, 1954-1956/57 Wenjukoff, M. I., 1832-1901 see Veniukov, Mikhaillvanovich Wenley, Archibald Gibson, born 5 May 1898 at Ann Arbor, Mich., he graduated in 1921 from the University of Michigan, and went on to study Iibrarianship. His long affiliation with the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., began when he applied for his first post. The Gallery, being in need of a Chinese specialist, supported his Chinese studies first in China and then at Paris. He returned to join the staff of the Freer Gallery in 1931, and spent twelve years in the position of associate in research. From 1942 to his death on 17 February 1962 he was director of Freer Gallery. Artibus Asiae 25 (1962), pp. 197198; NatCAB, vol. 46, pp. 24-25; NYT 20 February 1962, p. 35, col. 2; WhAm 4

Wenner, Lettie McSpadden, born 9 April 1937 at Battle Creek, Mich., she graduated in 1959 from the University of Chicago and received her Ph.D. in 1971 from the University of Michigan, Madison, for Enforcement of water pollution control laws in the United States. After serving for two years as an American foreign service officer, she became successively affiliated with the University of Chicago and Northern Illinois University at De Kalb as a professor of political science. Her writings include One environment under law (1976), and United States energy and environmental groups (1990). ConAu 6568; NatFacDr, 1995; WhoAmW, 1993/94

Wenner, Manfred Wilhelm, born 2 October 1936 at Basel, he graduated in 1956 from Oberlin College and received a Ph.D. in 1965 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. He was a sometime professor in the Department of Political Science, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, and a founder and officer of the American Institute for Yemeni Studies. His writings include Modern Yemen, 1918-1966 (1967), and The Yemen Arab Republic (1991). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 5; ConAu 29-32; MESA Roster of members, 1982-1990; NatFacDr,1995; Private

Weno, Joachim, born 10 December 1927 at Striegau, Silesia, he studied German literature and performing arts at Leipzig and Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1951 for Der Theaterstil des Naturalismus. After a brief career in journalism he became affiliated with the Goethe-Institut. He was for a number of years head of the German Council (Deutsches Kulturinstitut) in Baghdad and Boston. Thesis; Wer ist we" 1967/68-1983

Wenrich, Johann Georg, born 17 October 1787 at SchaBburg, Transylvania, he was successively a teacher and director at the Protestant secondary school in Hermannstadt. In 1821 he was invited to teach Biblical literature at the newly founded faculty of Protestant theology in the Universitat Wien. He was an outstanding Viennese Orientalist who also taught Sanskrit. He was elected in 1847 a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, but died on 15 May, before he learned of the honour. His writings include the frequently cited prize-essay, De auctorum Graecorum versionibus et commentariis syriacis, arabicis, armeniacis, persicisque commentatio (1842), De poeseos Hebraicae atque Arabicae origine (1943), and Rerum ab Arabicus in Italia, Insulisque adjacentibus (1845). ADtB, vol. 41, pp. 724-25; DtBilnd (3); Fuck, p. 247; Wurzbach, vol. 55, pp. 4-7

Wensinck, Jan Arent, born 7 August 1882 at Aarlanderveen (Z.H.), Netherlands, he was educated at Leiden, where he received a doctorate for his thesis Mohammed en de Joden te Medina in 1908; a work which was translated into English by W. H. Behn in 1975. In 1912 he became a lecturer, and in 1927 he succeeded his old teacher, Snouck Hurgronje, in the Arabic chair at Leiden. He sat as head of the editorial board of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, and as secretary to the de Goeje Foundation. His early publications were in the field of Semitic studies, but it is as a master in the field of Islamic studies that he is remembered best. He died after a long illness in Leiden, 19 September 1939. BWN:4, pp. 545-546; FOck, p. 326; 1.1. (4}; MW 30 (1940),103-104; Who was who, 3 & 4

Wentzlaff-Eggebert, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl, born 16 June 1905 at Freist near Stolp, Prussia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1931 at Berlin for Das Problem des Todes in der deutschen Lyrik des 17. Jahrhunderts. He was successively a professor of German philology and medieval literature at Berlin (1938), StraBburg (1941), and Mainz (1955-1973). His writings include Deutsche Mystik zwischen Mittelalter und Neuzeit (1944). He died 12 April 1999. Kurschner,1940/41-1996; Werist wer, 1967/68-1981 Wenzel, Hermann, born 6 April 1900 at Kirn, Nahe, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1924 at GieBen for Beitrage zur Sortenfrage der wichtigsten Iandwirtsch aftlichen Kulturpflanzen, and a Dr.habil. in 1932 at Kiel for Sultan-Dagh und Akschehir-Ova; eine landeskundliche Untersuchung in Inneranatolien. He Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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taught geography at Kiel. His writings include Forschungen in Inneranatolien (1935-37).

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Wenzel, Marian, fl. .1964, she wrote Ukrasni motivi na stecoime Ornamental motifs on tombstones from medieval Bosnia (Sarajevo, 1965), House decoration in Nubia (Toronto, 1972), and Ornament and amulet; rings of the Islamic lands (1993). LC; NUC, 1973-1977 Wepler, Johann Heinrich, born 27 July 1755 at Kassel, he studied classical languages and Hebrew at Marburg, where he subsequently taught successively at the Carolinum and the Lyceum, before he was appointed in 1786 a professor at the university. His writings include his inaugural dissertation at Marburg entitled De Cherubis angelis tonantibus Hebraeorum (1777), and Philologische und kritische Fragmente (1781-1786). He died in Marburg, 30 November 1792. Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, vol. 41, p. 742; OtBiind (3); Sezgin

Werckmeister, Otto Karl, born 26 April 1934 at Berlin, he received his Dr.phil. in 1958 from the Freie Universitat Berlin for Der Deckel des Codex Aureus von St. Emmeram. He was successively a professor of fine art at U.C.L.A. and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. His writings include Ideologie und Kunst bei Marx und andere Essays (1974), Zitadellenkultur (1989), and its translation, Citadel culture (1991). ConAu, 140; WhoAm, 1982-1995 Werdecker, Josef, born 25 November 1907 at SandhObel, Freiwaldau, he received a Dr.phil.nat and became a professor of geography and director, Institut fur Geographie, Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt. His writings include A Contribution to the geography and cartography of Nort-West Yemen (1939), and Die Sudentenlander; Abril3 einer Landeskunde (1963). He died 20 November 1979. GV; HbOtWiss; KOrschner, 1954-1980

Werner, Alice, born in 1859 at Trieste, she was educated privately and at Newnham College, Cambridge. She was affiliated with Review of reviews before she went for three years to Africa. Upon her return, she started classes for African languages privately, which were in 1901 transferred to King's College, London. She subsequently taught African languages at SOAS until her retirement in 1930. Her writings include Introductory sketch of Bantu languages (1919), African stories (1932), and she was joint author of A First Swahili book (1927). She died in 1935. Britlnd (1); ONB, Missing persons; Master (1); Who, 1909-1934; Who was who, 3

Werner, Daniel Gottfried, born 17th cent., he received a doctorate in 1724 at Jena for Exercitationum de eleemosynis veterum Ebraeorum prima de eleemosynarum nomine. His writings also include Tractus Maimonidis Ebraeorum jura divortii docentis versionem latinam locis parallelis Talmudicis iIIustratam (1718). His trace is lost after a publication in 1744. NUC, pre-1956 Werner, Eric(h), born 1 August 1901 at Wien, he studied at Graz, Praha, Wien, Berlin, and Gottingen. He was a musicologist who became successively affiliated with the Hebrew Union College of Cincinnati, Ohio, and New York, N.Y. His writings include The Sacred bridge (1959), and he was joint author of the undated The Philosophy and theory of music in Judaeo-Arabic literature. He died in N.Y.C., on 28 July 1988. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; BioHbOtE; CnOiAmJBi; ConAu, 13-16, 126; OrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; OtBilnd (2); Master (8); WhoWorJ,1965

Werner, Ernst, born 20 November 1920 at Tyssa, Czechoslovakia, he studied history and received two doctorates at Leipzig. He subsequently served as a director of the lnstitut fur Allgemeine Geschichte in the Universltat Leipzig from 1957 to 1986. His writings include Die Geburt einer Grol3macht, die Osmanen (1972), Sultan Mehmed der Eroberer und die Epochenwende im 15. Jahrhundert (1982), Religion und Gesellschaft im Mittelalter (1995), and he was joint author of Geschichte der TOrken von den Anfangen bis zur Gegenwart (1978). He died 15 February 1993. KOrschner, 1992 von Werner, Franz, born in 1836 at Wien, he spent the first ten years of his life at Popovac and Zagreb, and then lived at his grandparents in Wien until 1852 when he returned to Croatia. Throughout his life he considered himself to be an Austrian, particularly since he knew German better than Croatian. In 1854, he joined a regiment of hussars and served first in Hungary and later in Galicia. For unknown reasons, he deserted in 1855 and went to Turkey where he converted to Islam. As a native Croatian-speaker, he became a member of the Turkish military mission in Hercegovina, where he served as a secretary to Kemal Efendi, the Turkish commissioner for Bosnia since 1858. He later entered the Ottoman diplomatic service. In 1881, he was appointed Ottoman ambassador in Berlin but died in Den Haag on 13 September of the same year, before taking office. Throughout his service in the Ottoman Empire he was influenced by peers and superiors with literary inclination, Michal Czajkowski (Sadyk Pa~a) and Anton von Prokesch-Osten. His writings include TOrkische Skizzen (1876) as well as short stories, comedies, and tragedies. Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, vol. 42, pp. 44-45; SOdostforschungen 33 (1973), pp. 106-122; Wurzbach, vol. 55, pp. 49-51

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Wernhart, Karl Rudolf, born 14 August 1941 at Wien, where he was educated and also received a doctorate in 1967. He was an ethnologist, head of department in the Universitat Wien, its dean (19851989), and its president (1989-1991), as well as a visiting professor at home and abroad. His writings include Mensch und Kultur auf den Inseln unter den Winden in Geschichte und Gegenwart (1974), and Historische Ethnologie heute (1985). KOrschner, 1980-2001; WhoAustria, 1982/83-1996 Wersch, Herman Jozef Mathias van see Van Wersch, Herman Jozef Mathias Werth, Emil Albert Karl August, Dr., born 11 March 1869 at Munster, he studied at his home town and in Berlin. From 1896 to 1899 he explored German and British East Africa. He later made several study visits to Egypt, Asia Minor, Syria, Mesopotamia, and India. He was a member of Biologische Reichsanstalt, Berlin. Wer lsi's, 1935 Werth, Manfred, born 10 June 1943 at Neunkirchen, Saar, he studied sociology and political science at Saarbrucken and received a Dr.phil. in 1972 for Soziologische Aspekte des Arbeitsplatz- und Berufswechsels. Since 1971 he was chairman of the ISOPLAN-Institut fur Entwicklungsforschung, SaarbrOcken and Bonn. Concurrently he lectured in social planning and Third World affairs at Institut fOr Sozialplanung in the Universitat Saarbrucken. His writings include Analyse mobilitatshemmender Motivationen (1974). Note; Thesis von Wertheimer, Eduard, born 2 June 1848 at Budapest, he studied at Wien and Berlin, and became a professor at the Rechtsakademie, Prefsburq, His writings include Ausztria as Magyarorzag a tizenkilenczdik szezed els6 tizeaeben (1884-90), Friedenskongresse und Friedensschlasse im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (1917), and Bismarck im politischen Kampf (1929). He died in Berlin, 25 December 1930. Pallas; RNL; Wininger; Wurzbach, vol. 55, pp. 121-123

Wertheimer, Marcel, born 20th cent., he was a sometime engineer-in-chief, Services agricoles en Kabylie, Algeria, and a joint author of Le Devetoppemen: agricole en Algerie (1962). LC Wertime, John T., born 20th cent., he received degrees from Haverford and Princeton. He was a researcher, collector and dealer in the field of Oriental rugs and textiles. He was joint author of Locks from Iran, pre-Islamic to the 20th century; exhibition (Washington, D.C., 1976), and Caucasian carpets and covers, the weaving culture (1995). LC Weryho, Jan Witold, born 28 July 1933 at Warszawa, he studied Iranian philology at Oxford and Tehran, and did field-work in Zabul, Iran, 1957-1958. From 1962 to 1996 he was subject specialist for greater Iran at the Islamic Studies Library in McGill University, Montreal. In 1976 he was exchange scholar of the Academy of Science of the USSR. A member of the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies and the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in Canada, his writings include A guide to Persian reference sources available at McGill Islamics Library (1973), A guide to Turkish reference sources available at McGiIIlslamics Library (1973), and What is Islamic literature (1985). DrASCan,1983; Private von Wesendonk, Otto Gunther, born 3 October 1885 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1922 at Leipzig for Die Lehre des Mani. He subsequently entered the German foreign office. He was a historian of religion and an editor of Der neue Orient. His writings include Urmensch und Seele in der iranischen Oberlieferung (1924), Aus der kaukasischen Welt (1925), Diplomatie (1925), and Das Weltbild der Iranier(1933). He died 27 June 1933. KOrschner, 1926-1931; Schwarz Weser, Hermann, born 12 November 1842 at Halle/Saale, he received a theol. lic. in 1869 from the Universitat Halle-Wittenberg for his thesis entitled S. Maximi Confessoris preecepie de incarnatione Dei et deificatione hominis exponuntur et examinantur. His writings include the pamphlet, Zur Geschichte des Jerusalem-Vereins far Evangelisation des heiligen Landes (Berlin, 1894). Sezgin; Thesis Wessels, Antonie, born 8 October 1937 at Lemmer, Friesland, the Netherlands, he was educated, and he studied, at Amsterdam, where he also received a doctorate in 1972 for A Modern Arabic biography of Muhammad; a critical study of Muhammad Husayn Haykal's "Hayat Muhammad." He subsequently taught in Beirut before he was appointed in 1978 a professor at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. His writings include De nieuwe arabische mens (1977), Arabier en christen (1983), Jezus zien (1986), its translation, Images of Jesus (1990), De Koran verstaan (1986), and Twee watermeloenen in een hand; de acteurs in het Libanese drama (1986). Brinkman's; Wie is wie, 1994-96 Wesselski, Albert, born 3 September 1871 at Wien, he started to study philosophy, but his strong intellectual curiosity coupled with an impetuous disposition was little conducive to formal academic training. Realizing the impending disaster, he decided on the spur of the moment to change to engineering, a profession which, after graduation in 1897, he practised for ten years, concurrently pursuing an interest in literature and philosophy. In 1907 he became editor-in-chief of TetschenBodenbacher Zeitung, and from 1918 to 1935 he headed the Deutsche Zeitung Bohemia in Praha. In Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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1931 the German Karls Universltat granted him an honorary Dr.phil. for his literary achievements. He was versed in the classics as well as in Oriental literature, specializing in comparative literature, particularly fairy tales, legends, and proverbs. However, his linguistic interest did not include a single Slavic language. His writings include Flamische Volkslieder (1917), Versuch einer Theorie des Marchens (1931), and he edited Nasreddin Hodscha (1911). He died in Praha, 2 February 1939. Arctitv otientemt v: (1939), pp. 155-165; DtBiind (1); KDtLK, Nekrolog, 1936-1970; KOrschner,1926-1935; Werist's, 1935

Wessely, Carl Franz Josef, born 27 June 1860 at Wien, he was a papyrologist and palaeographer who was affiliated with the Hofbibliothek Wien. He was a sometime lecturer at the Universitat Wien, and a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. His writings include Topographie des FaijOm (1904), and Aus der Welt der Papyri (1914). He died in Wien in 1931. Dawson; DtBiind (4); Egyptoplogy; KOrschner, 1925-1931

Wesson, Robert Gale, born 11 March 1920 at Washington, D.C., he graduated in 1940 from the University of Arizona, and received a Ph.D. in 1961 from Columbia for The Soviet communes. Since 1964 he was a professor of political science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His writings include The Imperial order (1967), Soviet foreign poficy in perspective (1969), and its translation, Das Grundproblem der sowjetischen Auf3enpofitik (1970). He died 1 July 1991. AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 9-12,134, new rev. 3,18; Master (2); WhAm 10; WhoAm, 1984/85-1989/90; WrDr, 1976/78-1992/94

West, Sir Raymond, born in 1832, he graduated from Queen's University, Galway, entered the Indian Civil Service, and was posted in 1856 to the Bombay Presidency. He studied Indian languages and in 1861 was commissioned by the Government to translate Indian law codes into Canarese. He was a member of the Indian judiciary. In 1885 he was on special duty in Egypt to reform the judicial administration. His writings include The Acts and Regulations of the Legislature in force in the Presidency of Bombay, from 1827 to 1866, 2nd ed. (Bombay, 1868), and Higher education in India (1892). He died in 1911 or 1912. Britlnd (2); Buckland; IndianBiind (2); Riddick; Who, 1899-1909; Who was who, 1 Graf von Westarp, Eberhard Joachim Friedrich Adolf Victor, born in 1884, he served in 1914 with a German field artillery regiment with the rank of first lieutenant. His writings include Unter Halbmond und Sonne; im Sattel durch die asiatische Tarkei und Persien (1913); he also was an editor of Westarpscher Taschenkalender far die Luftwaffe, 1936/37. NUC, pre-1956 Westberg, Friedrich Nikolas, born 14 December 1864 at Angern, Kurland, he studied history and philology, 1884-89, and subsequently taught history as an Oberlehrer at a variety of schools in Riga. He was also a private scholar of medieval European history and gradually came to Arabic sources when dealing with the Slavic East, including Russia. He taught himself Arabic and profitted from the support of Baron Viktor Rosen who encouraged him to publish Ibrahim's ibn Ja'kOb's Reisebericht abe: die Slawenlande (1898). He was an expert in historical geography and knew his occidental sources well. He made several research visits to the Caucasus, the Crimea, Constantinople, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria. He retired in 1915, and died in Riga, 24 May 1920. Baltisch (1); Krachkovskii,148-149; Sezgin Westergaard, Niels Ludvig, born 27 October 1815 at Kebenhavn, he was an Oriental scholar who travelled from 1841 for three years in the East, mainly in Persia and India, to search for Zend manuscripts and copy the cuneiform inscriptions at Persepolis. His writings include Kortfattet sanskrit tormleere (1846), Codices Indici bibfiothecae regiae Havniensis (1846-57), and Ober den altesten Zeitraum der indischen Geschichte (1862); and he edited Bundehesh: fiber Pehlvicus (1851). He died 9 September 1878. Buckland; DanskBL2; DcBiPP; IndianBilnd (2) Westermann, Diedrich Hermann, born 24 June 1875 at Baden (Hannover), he was originally a trained postal employee whose curiosity and Protestant piety found expression in service to the Church as a missionary in Africa. He studied African languages and philosophy at the Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft, Basel, and Universltat TObingen. Before the first World War he spent many years in West Africa, particularly Togo, and the Egyptian Sudan. A recognized authority on African languages, he became in 1925 a director the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, London and Berlin, where he served concurrently as a professor of African languages at the Seminar fur Orientalische Sprachen. His writings include Die Sudansprachen (1911), The African to-day (1934), the Dull Lecture, 1935, entitled Africa and Christianity, Der Afrikaner heute und morgen (1937), and The Languages of West Africa (1952). He died at his place of birth, 31 May 1956. AnaBrit; DtBE; HbDtWiss; Hommes et destins, vol. 1, pp. 618-20; KOrschner, 1925-1954; RHbDtG; WhE&EA

Westermann, William Linn, born in Illinois in 1873 and graduated from the University of Nebraska in 1894, he began his teaching career in classics, serving as assistant in Latin at his alma mater and as instructor and assistant professor of Latin and Greek at the University of Missouri. But as a student at the Universitat Berlin, where he gained a Dr.phil. in 1902 for his thesis, De Hippocratis in Galeno memoria quaestiones, his major interest was in ancient history, and from 1906 to 1908 he was a Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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professor of history at the University of Minnesota. After the first World War he served as adviser at the Peace Conference in Paris. In 1920, he worked on the Armenian boundary arbitration. Thereafter he was successively a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin, Cornell, and Columbia universities. In 1949 and again in 1953/54 he was a visiting professor at Alexandria University, Egypt. He edited Greek papyri in the Library of Cornell University (1926). He died in White Plains, N.Y., 4 October 1954. OAB; Master (3); Political science quarterly 70 (1955), pp. 481-482; WhAm 3 Westermarck, Edvard Alexander, born in 1862, he was a Finnish social-anthropologist who had come to sociology through English moral philosophy. He matriculated in 1881 and took his degree in 1886 and his doctorate in 1890 for The Origin of human marriage. He was a lecturer in sociology since 1890 at Helsinki and in 1906 was appointed to the chair of practical philosophy. Since 1904 he taught sociology during the summer terms at the University of London, where from 1907 to 1930 he held the Martin White Professorship of Sociology. In 1918 he moved to the chair of philosophy of the newly established Swedish university (Abo Akademi) in Turku, from which he retired in 1932. His writings include Marriage ceremonies in Morocco (1914), its translation, Les Ceremonies du mariage au Maroc (1921), The Moorish conception of holiness (1916), The Belief in spirits in Morocco (1920), Ritual and belief in Morocco (1926), Wit and wisdom in Morocco (1930), Pagan survivals in Mohammedan civilisation (1933), and its translation, Survivances pai'ennes dans la civilisation mehometene (1955). He died in 1939. Aalto; AnaBrit; Bioln 13; Master (7); Revue de I'histoire des religions 129 (1945),84-100; WW 3 von Westernhagen, Thilo, born 13 May 1887 at Potsdam, he became an army officer, but after two years in 1908 he went on reserve. Until the outbreak of the war he pursued commercial interests at home as well as in Europe, North Africa, and North America. During the war he served in Turkey, before becoming a representative of the Central Requisition Bureau in Bulgaria, the Ukraine, Romania, and the Caucasus. After the war he was a private banker. In 1919 he received a Dr.rer.pol. from the Universitat Greifswald for Die internationalrechtliche Entwicklung der Dardanellenfrage. RHdOtG Westlake, John, born in 1828, he held the Whewell Chair of international law at Cambridge from 1888 to 1908. His writings include A Treatise on private international law (1858), and its translations, Lehrbuch des internationalen Privatrechts (1884), and Trelie de droit international (1924). He died in 1913. Britlnd (3); ONB; OxLaw; Who was who 1 Westmacott, Edward Vesey, born in 1860, he was educated at Rugby and Magdalen College, Oxford. He entered the India Civil Service and served in Bengal from 1863 to his retirement in 1898. His writings include Report on the Outstill system in Hooghly and Howrah (1888). He died in 1900. IndianBilnd Westmacott, George Edward, born 23 February 1807 at London, he was a cadet in 1822, and arrived in India on 11 July 1823. His writings include Indian commerce and Russian intrigue (1838), and Our Indian Empire (1858?). A captain in the 37th Bengal Infantry, he died in action at the retaking of Rikabashi Fort, near Kabul, on 10 November 1841. IndianBilnd (1) Westman, Claes Gustaf, born 9 November 1878 at Jonkopinq, Sweden, he studied law at Uppsala and subsequently entered the foreign service. His writings include Fredssaken och torsveret (Stockholm, 1927), and Utrikespolitiska silhuetter (Stockholm, 1928). Vern iir det, 1925 Weston, Sidney Adams, born in 1877 at Sharon, Mass., he received a Ph.D. in 1903 from Yale University with a thesis entitled The ttKitab Masalik en-Nazar" of Sa'id ibn Hasan of Alexandria, edited and translated with notes. He was a Congregationalist and in various capacities affiliated with the Congregational Publishing Society throughout his life. His writings include Social and religious problems of young people (1934). Bioln 1; Master (1); Selim; WhAm 5; WhE&EA Weston, Stephen, born in 1747 at Exeter, Devonshire, he was educated at the grammar school, Tiverton, and thence sent to Exeter College, Oxford, where he obtained a scholarship. He was a Devonshire fellow at his college from 1768 to 1784. Late in 1790 he resigned his liVingof Mamhead to devote himself to the study of Oriental languages and literature. His writings include Remains of Arabic in the Spanish and Portuguese languages (1810), Persian distichs from various authors (1814), and The Englishman abroad (1824). He died in 1830. Britlnd (6); ONB; Master (2) Westphal, Heinz, born in 1912, he was a physicist who received a doctorate in 1938 at Berlin. Together with his wife, he was joint author of Die Ma'dan; Kultur und Geschichte der Marschenbewohner im SOd-Iraq (1962), Zur Geschichte und Kultur der Jat (1968), and Hinduistische ViehzOchter im nord-westlichen Indien (1974). GV Westphal-Hellbusch, Sigrid, born 10 June 1915 at Rendsburg, Germany, she was educated and studied in Berlin, where she received a Dr.phil. in 1940 for EinfluB der Jagd auf die Lebensformen der Australier, and a Dr.habil. in 1947. She briefly lectured in ethnology at Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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before she transferred in 1953 to the Freie Universitat Berlin. In 1970 she was appointed curator and head of the West Asia department, Museum fur Volkerkunde. Berlin. On study leaves she visited the mayor countries of the Muslim world. Her writings include Metallgefaf3e aus Buchara (1974), and, together with her husband, she was joint author of Die Ma(dan; Kultur und Geschichte der Marschenbewohner im Sad-Iraq (1962), Zur Geschichte und Kultur der Jat (1968), and Hinduistische Viehzachter im nord-west/ichen Indien (1974), and Matzen aus Zentralasien und Persien (1976). She died 1 February 1984. Baeseler-Archiv, neue Folge, 32 (1984), pp. 213-215; KOrschner, 1961-1983 Westwood, Andrew F., born in 1928, he was from 1955 to 1956 a member of a management consultant team to the Iranian Oil Refining Company, Abadan, and in 1961 an analyst with the Legislative Reference Service of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Master (1); Note about the author

Wettinger, Godfrey, born in 1929, he received a Ph.D. in 1971 at London with a thesis entitled Some aspects of slavery in Malta, 1530-1800. Since 1972 he was a lecturer in the University of Malta. His writings include The Jews of Malta in the Middle Ages (1985). LC; Note about the author; Sluglett Wetzstein, Johann Gottfried, born in 1815 at Oelsnitz, Saxony, he studied theology and Oriental languages. He briefly lectured in Arabic at Berlin until 1846, when he was appointed a Prussian consul at Damascus, where he served until 1863. He returned to Berlin as a lecturer in Semitic philology. A competent Arabist, he collected a large number of Arabic manuscripts, which were later acquired by libraries in Berlin, Leipzig, and TObingen. He died in Berlin, 18 January 1905. Ingeborg Huhn wrote Der Orientalist Johann Gottfried Wetzstein als preutsischer Konsul in Damaskus, 1849-1861 (1989). DtBE; Embacher; FOck

Weulersse, Jacques, born in 1905, he studied the Near East from 1932 to 1938 as a member of the Institut francais de Damas, receiving two doctorates in 1940 at Paris for Le Pays des Alaouites, and L'Oronte, etude de fleuve. He was a specialist on the Levant, familiar with the problems of colonization and decolonization; he also travelled extensively in the French colonies. He was a professor of colonial geography at Aix-Marseille. His writings also include Noirs et Blancs; if travers I'Afrique nouvelle (1931), Matieres premieres et grands marches (1943), and he was joint author of Manuel de geographie; Syrie, Liban et Proche-Orient (1940). He died in Dakar, 28 August 1946. Geographers, 1 (1977), pp. 107-112; Geographical review, 37 (1947), p. 507; Hommes et destins, vol. 2, pp. 750-753

Wexler, Paul, born 6 November 1928, he received a Ph.D. in 1967 from Columbia University for his thesis entitled Purism in the development of a standard language. He became a professor of linguistics at Tel-Aviv University. His writings include Studies in Yiddish linguistcs (1990), and The Ashkenazic Jews, a Slavo- Turkic people in search of a Jewish identity (1993). LC Weyers (Weijers), Hendrik Engelinus, born 14 May 1805 at Winkel, Noord-Holland, he studied Oriental languages at Leiden, where he received his doctorate in 1828 for Initium disputationis de libri Apocalypseos argumento sententia et auctore. A student of H. A. Hamaker, he taught at Leiden since 1833. After the death of his teacher, he succeeded to his professorship in 1837. In 1831 he published a "Specimen criticum exhibens locos Ibn Khacanis de Ibn Zeidouno." His premature death prevented the publication of a large work on Ibn Zaydun. He was one of the few scholars at Leiden who also worked on Ethiopic. He died on 1 April 1844. Nat; Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek, vol. 10, cols. 119-1192

Weygandt, Helmut, he wrote Kartographische Ortsnamenkunde (1955).

NUC, pre-1956

Weyh, Wilhelm, born 24 September 1882 at NOrnberg, he studied classical and Oriental philology at MOnchen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1907 for Die Akrostichis in der byzantinischen Kanonesdichtung. His writings include Die syrische Kosmas- und Damian-Legende (1910). Thesis WQzyk, Wtadystaw, born in 1816, he left Poland in the late 1830s and travelled in western Europe as well as the Balkans and the Middle East, experiences which form the subject of his writings. After his return he lived at Warszawa, Krakow, and Silesia, where he also pursued an interest in the theatre. He died in 1848. Dziekan; NEP; Polski (5) Whalley, Paul, born about 1830, he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and in 1860 entered the Indian Civil Service. He arrived in India on 31 October 1861 and served as an under-secretary to the Government of North Western Provinces. His writings include British Kumaon; the law of the extraregulation tracts, subordinate to the Government, N.WP. (c1870, 1991). IndianBilnd (1) Wharton, Leonard Cyrill, he wrote A World list of scientific periodicals published in the years 19001921 (1925-27), and he was an editor of Philologica journal of comparative philology, 1921-1924. His trace is lost after a publication in 1930. NUC, pre-1956 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Wheatley, Paul, born in 1921, he was educated at Liverpool and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from the University of London. Since 1971 he was a professor of geography at Chicago. His writings include The Golden Khersonese; studies in historical geography of the Malay Peninsula before A.D. 1500 (1961), and City as symbol; an inauguaral lecture delivered at University College, London, 20 November 1967 (1969). AmM&WS,1973S; LC; WhoAm, 1982-1988/891 Wheeler, Benjamin Ide, born 15 July 1855 at Randolph, Mass., he was a graduate of Brown University and received a Dr.phil. in 1885 from the Universitat StraBburg for Der griechische Nominalaccent, mit Worterverzeichniss. He became a classics professor. His writings include Alexander the Great (1900). He died in 1927. DAB; Master (6); WhAm, 1 Wheeler, Crosby Howard, born in 1823 at Hampden, Me., he was a missionary in Turkey, 1857-1895, and founder of Euphrates College. His writings include Letters from Eden; or, Reminiscences of missionary life in the East (1868), and Ten years on the Euphrates (1868). He died in Auburndale, Mass. in 1896. BiD&SB; DcNAA; Shavit Wheeler, David, born 18 May 1946, he was a consultant, World Bank Development Policy staff. His writings include Human resource development and economic growth in developing countries (1980), and he was joint author of The Cost of air pollution abatement (1994). LC Wheeler, Everett Pepperrell, born in 1840, he was a graduate of City College of New York. After his bar admission in 1861 he pratised steadily until his death in 1925. His deep piety found expression in service to the Protestant Episcopal Church as a vestryman. DAB; WhAm 1; NatCAB, vol. 12, p. 53 Wheeler, Geoffrey Edleston, born in 1897, he was educated at Eastbourne College and subsequently entered the Army. He served in the Indian Army as well as the Indian Political Service, during which time he held various intelligence appointments in Turkey, Malta, Palestine and Iraq. He was also military attache at Meshed. From 1941 to 1946 he was director of publications to the Government of India, and from 1946 to 1950 he was a counsellor at the British Embassy in Tehran. Until his retirement he served as director of the Central Asia Research Centre in London. His writings include Swords and ploughshares (1944), and Racial problems in Soviet Muslim Asia (1960). He died in 1990. Note; Who,1946-1990; Who was who 8

Wheeler, Sir George, 1650-1723 see Wheler, Sir George Wheeler, James Talboys, born in 1824 at Oxford, he was a publisher, bookseller, and a War Office extra clerk before he went to Madras in 1858 to edit the Madras Spectator. He was a sometime professor in the Madras Presidency College as well as assistent secretary to the Government of India. He retired in 1891. His writings include Adventures of a tourist from Calcutta to Delhi (1868), and Early records of British India (1878). He died in Ramsgate in 1897. Boase; Buckland; DNB; IndianBiind (3); Riddick Wheeler, Leonard Richmond, born in 1888, he entered in 1914 the British Colonial Service as a science master at Queen's Royal College, Trinidad. He later served as a gorvernment inspector of schools in Malaya, taking a keen interest in the missionary activities of the Church in that area. His writings include Scouting in the Tropics (1926), The modern Malay (1928), and Harmony of nature; a study in co-operation for existence (1947). Britlnd (1); Note Wheeler, Richard Seabrook, born 30 March 1928 at San Diego, Calif., he graduated in 1950 from the University of California, Berkeley, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1953 for Political development in British Borneo. Since 1968 he was affiliated with Claremont (Calif.) Men's College as a professor of political science. His writings include Divisional councils in East Pakistan (1967), and The Politics of Pakistan (1970). AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S; ConAu 45-48; Private Wheeler, Sir Robert Eric Mortimer, born in 1890, he received an M.A. in 1912 at London with a thesis entitled The origins of Byzantine art. He was from 1926 to 1944 a keeper and secretary at the London Museum. His writings include Maiden Castle, Dorset (1943), Five thousand years of Pakistan; an archaeological outline (1950), and Still digging (1955). He died in 1976. AnaBrit; Bioln (10); Britlnd (2); CurBio,1956; DNB; IntWW,1974-1975/76; Riddick; Sluglett; WhE&EA;

WhoWor, 1974/75

Whelan, Estelle J. (Mrs. Richard Verdery), born 20th cent, she grew up in the American Midwest and graduated in 1957 from Oberlin College. After a career of over a decade in book publishing, she received her doctorate in 1970 from the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, for her thesis, The public figure; political iconography in medieval Mesopotamia. In ensuing years she taught at U.C.L.A. and Trinity College, Dublin, and contributed to the catalogues of several exhibitions. She undertook Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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research projects in Cairo and Dublin; her knowledge of the Chester Beatty Library collections not only contributed considerably to the value of her research publications, but led as well to her discovery, through works appearing on the art market, of a series of thefts from that institution. During the last years of her life, when recurring illness made it difficult for her to hold a full-time academic position, she combined her talents as editor and scholar of the Encyclopedia Iranica and the Tabari translation project at Columbia University. She died in N.V.C., 13 October 1997, following a long battle with cancer. MESA bulletin 32 (1997), pp. 142-143; Selim3

Wheler (Wheeler), Sir George, born in 1650, he was a graduate of Lincoln College, Oxford, and in 1671 studied at the Middle Temple. He travelled, with Jacob Spon, in France and Italy from 1673 to 1675, and in Greece and the Levant from 1675 to 1676, collecting plants, coins, classical manuscripts and antique marbles. His writings include Autobiography of Sir George Wheler, edited by E. G. Wheler (1911), and he was joint author of Italienische, dalmatische, griechische und orientalische reisebeschreibung (1681), and Voyage de Dalmatie, de Grece et du Levant (1689). He died in 1723. Britlnd (12); DNB

Wherry, Elwood Morris, born 26 March 1843 at South Bend, Pa., and educated at Elders Ridge (Pa.) Academy, Jefferson College, Washington, Pa., and Princeton Theological Seminary. He was a missionary under the Panjab Mission of the Presbyterian Church. Together with his wife, he sailed from Boston, 18 October 1867, and arrived after five months and two days in Calcutta on the way to their appointed station in Rawalpindi. Soon thereafter, he was assigned to Ludhiana to take charge of the Mission Press. In 1883 he was transferred to Saharanpur to begin the Theological Seminary, and appointed professor. The want of suitable text books led him to write in Urdu "An outline of ancient history," "A manual of Islam," and "Compend of Church history." He served in India until his retirement in 1922, except furloughs, and seven years of educating his seven children in the United States. His writings include Islam and Christianity in India (1907), The Muslim controversy (1905), Our mission in India (1926). He died on 5 October 1927. DAB; Master index (3); WhAm, 1 Whetten, Lawrence Lester, born 12 June 1932 at Provo, Utah, he received a Ph.D. in 1963 from New Vork University for his thesis, The relations of the International Atomic Energy Agency with other international organizations. He served at home and abroad in various capacities as a professor of international relations, with special reference to the Soviet Union. His writings include The Canal war; a four-power conflict in the Middle East (1974), and The Arab-Israeli dispute (1977). ConAu 61-64, new rev. 11,27; WhoAm, 1986-2002

Whinfield, Edward Henry, born in 1836, he was a graduate of Magdalen College, Oxford, and called to the bar from Middle Temple. He entered the Bengal Civil Service in 1858. His writings include Gulshan i raz, the mystic rose garden of Said ud din Mahmud Shabistari (1880), The Quatrains of Omar Khayyam; the Persian text with English translation (1883), Masnavi i ma'navi ... the spiritual couplets of Maulana Jalalu'd-Din Muhammad i Rumi, edited by Muhammad Amin (1946), and he was joint translator of Flowers from Persian poets (1901). He died in 1922. Britlnd (1) Whipple, Allen Oldfather, born in 1881 at Urmia, Persia. he was the son of a Presbyterian clergyman. After spending his boyhood in the Middle East, he studied medicine at Princeton and Columbia universities and became a surgeon in N.V.C. His writings include The Role of the Nestorians and Muslims in the history of medicine (New York, n.d.), and The Evolution of surgery in the United States (1963). He died in 1963. AmMS, 1933; ANB; Master (6); NatCAB, vol. 51, p. 503; NUC, pre-1956; WhAm 4 Whishaw, Bernhard, born in 1857, he wrote Illustrated descriptive account of the Museum of Andalucian pottery and lace, antique and modern (London, 1913), and he was joint author of Arabic Spain (London, 1912),. He died in 1914. NUC, pre-1956 Whishaw, Ellen Mary nee Abdy, Mrs. William, also called Mrs. Bernhard Whishaw, born 19th cent., she was a novelist whose writings include Atlantis in Andalucia; a study of folk memory (London, 1912), My Spanish year (1914), Notas sobre el puerto de Palos y las basilicas de San Jorge de Palos y Santa Marfa de Niebla (1927), and she was joint author of Arabic Spain (London, 1912). NUC, pre-'56 Whitaker, Edgar, born 19th cent., he was the proprietor and editor of the Levant herald (Constantinople). His writings include the booklet, The Outlook in Asiatic Turkey (London, 1880), and he edited The Rhodope Enquiry (Constantinople, 1878). He died 24 August 1903. Britlnd (2); Who was who 1 Whitcomb, Donald S., born 27 April 1944 at Elizabeth, N.J., he received a Ph.D. in 1979 from the University of Chicago for Trade and tradition in medieval southern Iran. He was a Middle Eastern archaeologist who did field-work in Iran, Egypt and Jordan. His writings include Before the roses and the nightingales; excavations at Qasr-i Abu Nasr, Old Shiraz (1985), and he was joint author of Quseir al-Qadim, 1978; preliminary report (1979). Private Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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White, Arthur Silva, born in 1859, he was a geographer and explorer who spent fifteen years in foreign travel and residence. His writings include The Development of Africa (1890), its translation, Le Developpement de I'Afrique (1894), The Expansion of Egypt under Anglo-Egytian condominium (1899), and From sphinx to oracle (1899). He died in 1932. Britlnd (2); Who, 1909-1932; Who was who, 3 White, Charles Sidney John, born 25 September 1929 at New Richmond, Wisc., he graduated in 1951 from the University of Wisconsin and received a Ph.D. in 1964 at Chicago for Bhakti as a religious structure in the context of medieval Hinduism in the Hindi speaking area of North India. Since 1976 he was a director, and professor of religion and philosophy, Center for Asian Studies, American University, Washington, D.C. His writings include Ramakrishna's Americans (1979). Directory of American scholars, 1969 P, 1974 P, 1978 P, 1982 P; Master (1)

White, Elizabeth H., born 12 June 1938 at N.Y.C., she received a Ph.D. in 1975 from the University of Colorado at Denver with a thesis entitled Women's status in an Islamic society; the problem of purdah. IWWAS, 1976/77; Selim 3

White, Freda, born in 1894, her writings include The Abyssinian dispute (London, League of Nations, 1935), Mandates (1926), War in Spain (1937), and United Nations (1946). She died in 1971. LC White, George Edward, born 14 October 1861 at Maras, Turkey, to American parents, he was educated at Iowa College, Hartford and Chicago Theological seminaries, Oxford University and ordained in 1887. He was a missionary under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and joined the staff of Anatolia College in Merzifon in 1890. He was its dean from 1905 to 1913 and its second president from 1913 to 1933 and led it through many tribulations to ultimate relocation in Salonika in 1925. He had a perfect command of Turkish, enabling him to entertain Turkish callers, and went frequently to mosque services; he had personal contact with the preachers and also first-hand knowledge of Rufa'i dervish practices. He published his memoirs, Adventuring with Anatolia College, in 1940. He died in Claremont, Cal., 27 April 1946. MW, 30 (1940), 412-413; Shavit; WhAm, 2 White, Hayden V., born 12 July 1928 at Martin, Tenn., he graduated in 1951 from Wayne State University and received a Ph.D. in 1955 from the University of Michigan for The Conflict of Papal leadership ideals from Gregory VII to St. Bernard of Clairvaux. He was successively a professor of history at various American universities. His writings include The Greco-Roman tradition (1973), Metahistory; the historical imagination in nineteenth-century Europe (1973), Tropics of discourse (1978), and The Content of the form (1987). ConAu,128; DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; Private White, Mrs. John P., fl. 1936, she was resident in Pittsburgh, Pa., and an editor of the Women's missionary magazine of the United Presbyterian Church. Note White, Joseph, born in 1745, he was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, and became Laudian Professor of Arabic, and Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford. His writings include A Comparison of Mahometism and Christianity in their history, their evidence, and their effects (1784), its translation, Vergleichung derchristlichen Religion mit der mahomedanischen (1786), and he edited 'Abd ai-Latif alBaghdadi's Historiae Aegypti (1800). He died in Oxford in 1814. Britlnd (14); DNB; Egyptology White, Lynn Townsend, born 29 April 1907 at San Francisco, he graduated in 1928 from Stanford University and received a Ph.D. in 1934 from Harvard for Latin monasticism in Norman Sicily. From 1933 to his retirement in 1972 he was successively a professor of medieval history at Princeton, Stanford, Mills College, and U.C.L.A. His writings include Educating our daughters (1950). He died in 1987. ConAu, 5-8, new rev. 2; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; WhoAm, 1966/67-1974/75; WhoWest, 1974/75 White, Ralph Kirby, born about 1920, he received a Ph.D. in 1947 from Stanford University, and after it held positions at Cornell and Stanford universities. He subsequently entered the service of the U.S. Federal Government. In 1964, wishing to be free of the unavoidable restriction imposed by government service, he resigned as Chief of the Soviet Bloc Division of Research and Reference Service of the United States Information Agency to become a professor of psychology at George Washington University. He was the 1969 recipient of the Kurt Lewin Memorial Award by the Society for the Psychological StUdy of Social Issues. His writings include Value analysis, the nature and use of the method (1951), Fearful warriors; a psychological profile of U.S.-Soviet relations (1984), and Psychology and the prevention of nuclear war (1986). Journal of social issues, 25, no. 4 (1969), pp. 19-21; WhoS&SW, 1973 White, Robin C. A" born 20th cent., she was a sometime lecturer in law in the University of Leicester. Her writings include The Administration of justice (1991), and she was joint author of The Changing law (1990), and The European Convention on Human Rights (1996). LC; Note White, Stanley, Rev., D.O., born in 1862, he graduated in 1884 from Princeton University, where he also received his A.M. in 1887. He was a Presbyterian clergyman and for seventeen years a secretary Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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of the Prebyterian Board of Foreign Missions, as well as a charter member of the Near East Relief. He died after a long illness in N.Y.C., 21 January 1930. Amlndex (1); Note; WhAm 1

White, Wilbur Wallace, born in 1903 at Topeka, Kan., he taught at the Asyut College, Egypt, from 1924 to 1925, and received a Ph.D. in 1935 from the University of Chicago for The status in international law of the Ottoman Empire. He was a professor of political science at various American universities. When he died in 1950 he was president of the University of Toledo, Ohio. His writings include The United States and world peace (1947). WhAm 3 White, Sir William Arthur, born in 1824 in Poland, where his father was in the British consular service. He was educated at the Isle of Man and Cambridge and subsequently entered the consular service, being mainly posted in eastern Europe and the Balkans. He died in 1891. Henry Sutherland Edwards wrote Sir William White ... for six years ambassador at Constantinople; his life and correspondence (1902), and Colin L. Smith The Embassy of Sir William White at Constantinople, 1886-1891 (1957). Boase; DNB; EncBrit; MembriiAR

Whiteford Boyle, John Edward, born 1935 see Boyle, John Edward Whiteford Whitehead, George 0., 1894-1941, he was a British schoolmaster in Equatorial Africa. His writings include Likikirelen; Bari folktales (London, 1932). BlC; Hill Whitehead, Richard Bertram, born 19th cent., he was educated at Liverpool College and Exeter College, Oxford. In 1902 he entered the Indian Civil Service. He was a Persian scholar and a numismatist whose writings include Catalogue of the coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore (1914), and The Pre-Mohammedan coinage of northwestern India (1922). IndianBilnd (1) Whitehill, Walter Muir, born 28 September 1905 at Cambridge, Mass., he was successively affiliated with the Peabody Museum, Salem, Mass., and the Boston Athenaeum as director. His writings include The East India Marine Society and the Peabody Museum of Salem (1949). He died 5 March 1978.

Amlndex (1); ANB; ConAu 13-16, 77-80, new rev. 6; CurBio, 1960, 1978; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H; Master (6); WhAm 7; WhoAmArt, 1966-1976

Whitehouse, David Bryn, born 15 October 1941 at Worksop, Nottinghamshire, he graduated in 1963 from St. John's College, Cambridge, and received a Ph.D. in 1967. He was successively an archaeologist at the British Institute of Afghan Studies and the British School at Rome. Since 1984 he was affiliated with the Corning Museum of Glass. His writings include The Congregational mosque and other mosques from the ninth to the twelfth centuries (1980), Glass; a pocket dictionary (1993), and English cameo glass in the Corning Museum of Glass (1994). ConAu 131, new rev. 93; WhoAmArt, 1999-2002 Whitehouse, Frederic Cope, born 9 November 1842 at Rochester, N.Y., he was a graduate of Columbia University and also studied in Germany, France, and Italy. He was called to the bar in 1870. A member of several learned societies, he was created a Commander of the Osmanieh, 1888, for his services to Egyptology and exertions on behalf of the better control of the Nile. He died in 1911. Amlndex (1); DAB; Egyptology; WhAm, 1

Whitehouse, John Howard, born in 1873, he was a member of Parliament and a Parliamentary secretary. In 1912 he was a Relief commissioner in the Balkans. His writings include Belgium in war (1915), and Creative education at an English school (1928). He died in 1955. Master (1); WhE&EA; Who's who in Hampshire, 1935; Who was who 5

Whitelock, Francis, born in 1813, he served for about eleven years in the Indian Navy and then accepted the offer of the East India Company of retiring on full pension, which was made to those officers who objected to serve in the steam vessels. He is said to have travelled in Arabia for many months as a native of that country. He died in Penrhos, Montgomeryshire, 9 February 1855. Bidwell, p. 203; Britlnd (1)

Whitelock, Henry Hutchins, born in 1807, he went in 1821 to India as a midshipman to join the Bombay Marine Service, and was appointed to the survey ship. In 1833 he was appointed assistant to the superintendent of the Indian Navy. He returned to England in 1836 for the recovery of his health, but died at sea on his way to Suez, 26 October 1836. Britlnd (1) Whiteman, Arthur John, born 1 January 1928 in England, he received a Ph.D. at London. He was a professor of geology at Khartoum from 1960 to 1968, a professor of petroleum studies at Ibadan from 1968 to 1972, and since 1974 affiliated with Petroleum Exploration Studies in the University of Aberdeen. His writings include The Geology of the Sudan Republic (1971), and Nigeria, its petroleum geology, resources, and potential (1982). lC; Note; WhoWor, 1978/79 Whiting, Georg Backus, born in 1801, he was an American missionary in Syria and Palestine from 1830 to his death in 1856. Shavit Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Whiting, John Downes, born in 1884 at Ridgefield, Conn., he was a painter and illustrator and a member of the American colony in Jerusalem. He contributed to the National geographic magazine. His writings include Samaritanernas paskfest i ord och bild (1917), Storm fighters (1927), S.O.S., a story of the world war at sea (1928), and The Trail of fire (1930). He died in 1951. Au&Wr, 1949; Shavit; WhE&EA

Whitley, Andrew, born in 1949, he received an M.A. and was in 1980 on the staff of the Financial times and lived and travelled widely in the Middle East, particularly in Iran. He was a sometime executive director of Middle East watch. His writings include Throwing away the key; infinite political detention in Syria (1992), and he edited Human rights abuses in Algeria; no one is spared (1994). LC: Note Whittemore, Robert Clifton, born 1 February 1921, he graduated in 1949 from Yale University, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1953 for Panpsychism and the function of God. He was successively a professor of philosophy at his alma mater and Tulane University, New Orleans. His writings include Makers of the American mind (1964), and Ideology and American experience (1986). He died in 1988. ConAu 9-12; DrAS, 1969 P, 1974 P, 1978 P, 1982 P; LEduc,1974; Master (2); WhAm 10; WhoAm, 1974-1988/89

Whittemore, Thomas, born 2 January 1871 at Cambridge, Mass., he graduated in 1894 from Tufts College and did post-graduate work at Harvard. He taught English and fine art at his alma mater, fine art at New York University, and Byzantine and Coptic art first at New York University and later at Columbia. In 1933 be became keeper of Byzantine coins at the Fogg Museum of Harvard; five years later he also became a research fellow in Byzantine art. He also was a sometime director of the Byzantine Institute of Boston, and an American representative on the Egyptian Exploration Fund. Since 1932 he was engaged, under the auspices of the Byzantine Institute and the Turkish Government, in the discovery of the mosacis of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. Boston University conferred on him a D.LL. He died in 1950. Egyptology; NYT9 June 1950, p. 23, col. 3; Shavit; WhAm 3 Whitteridge, Sir Gordon Coligny, born in 1908 at Thornton Heath, Surrey, he was educated at Whitgift Grammar School, Croydon, and Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He entered the Siam Consular Service in 1932 as a student interpreter. When he resigned in 1968 he was ambassador to Afghanistan. His writings include Charles Mason of Afghanistan, explorer (1986). He died in 1995. BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; Britlnd (1); IntWW, 1974/75-1976/77; Who, 1959-1995

Whitting, Charles Edward Jewell, fl. 1979, he was affiliated with the School of Arabic Studies, Kano. His writings include Hausa and Fulani proverbs (Lagos, 1940); he translated AI-Fakhri on the system of government and the Moslem dynasties (1947); and he edited from local manuscripts Muhammad Bello's Infaku'l maisuri (1951). 'NUC, pre-1956 Whittle, James Lowry, born in 1840, he received an M.A. from Trinity College, Dublin. In 1859 he was a student at Gray's Inn; he went to the Inner Temple in 1873, where he was called to the bar on 26 January 1878. In 1887 he was assistant clerk, Great Seal Patent Office. His writings include Freedom of education (1866), Catholicism and the Vatican (1872), and Grover Cleveland (1896). Britlnd (1) Whittlesey, Derwent Stainthorpe, born in 1890, he received a Ph.D. in 1920 from the University of Chicago for The Springfield Armory. He was successively a professor of geography at Denison, Chicago, and Harvard universities. In 1951 he was a Fulbright Research Scholar in Tropical Africa. His writings include The Earth and the state (1939), and Character of the country in West Africa (1942). He died in Boston, 25 November 1956. AmMS, 1933; NatCAB, vol. 42, pp. 467-468; WhAm 3 Whitworth, George Clifford, born about 1845, he was educated at Norwich and Queen's College, Liverpool. He entered the Indian Civil Service in 1867 and served first in Bombay as assistant controller and magistrate, and later in various government departments. His writings include An AngloIndian dictionary (1885), and Indian English (1907). He died in 1917. IndianBilnd (1); LC Whyte, Robert Orr, born in 1903 at Dairy, Scotland, he received a Ph.D. at Cambridge. He was an agriculturalist and a sometime secretary of the British Grassland Society. His writings include Farming for industry (1948), Land, livestock and human nutrition in India (1968), and he was joint author of The Rape of the earth (1939). Britlnd (1); ConAu 106; LC; WhE&EA Wian, Giovanni, born about 1900, his writings include La questione etiopica (1930), La Tunisia e gl'ltaliani (1937), Statuto degli Italiani in Tunisia (1938), In Tunisia a ciascuno iI suo (1954), and /talia ed Etiopia nella pace e nellavoro (1954). NUC, pre-1956 Wiberg, Julius Josias, born 2 May 1860 at Kebenhavn, where he completed his medical training in 1889. He SUbsequently pursued an interest in classical medical history and with this in mind embarked on linguistic studies, particularly Greek and Arabic. In 1910 he received a medical doctorate for Galen og den galenske Lregevidenskab og Lregekunst. His other writings include Medicinsk-historiske

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Afhandlinger (1940), with a section on Arab medicine in Islamic Spain. He died in Blrkered, 28 August 1941. DanskBL; DanskBL2; Kraks, 1941 Wiehe, Konrad, born 2 November 1913, he studied geography at Wien, where he also received a Dr.phil. in 1938 and a Dr.habil. in 1950. In the same year he began his lifelong lectureship in geography at the Unlversitat Wien. He conducted field-work in Greece, North Africa and Karakorum, and edited Festschrift zur Hundertjahrfeier der Geographischen Gesellschaft zu Wien (1957). He died in Mainz, 8 November 1969. KOrschner, 1950-1970; WhoAustria, 1959/60-1967 Wichmann, Hugo, born 9 May 1852 at Hamburg, he was a translator and also an editor of "Monatsberichte" in Petermanns Mitteilungen. He edited Justus Perthes' Taschenatlas vom Deutschen Reich, 6th ed. (1922). He died in 1932. NUC, pre-1956; Werist's, 1909-1928 Wickens, George Michael, born 7 August 1918 at London; he was educated at Holloway School, London, and received his B.A. and M.A. at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he combined modern European studies with Middle Eastern studies, 1936-1939. During the war, he served with the rank of captain with British Army Intelligence, mostly in Iran. After lectureships at London, 1946-1949, and Cambridge (Arabic and Persian), 1949-1957, he was invited to teach modern Middle Eastern studies at the University of Toronto. In 1961, he established its Department of Islamic Studies, and served as its first chairman until 1968. (The existence of the Department ended at a shotgun wedding with the Department of Near Eastern Studies on 1 August 1996.) He remained at the Department until his retirement in 1984, on which occasion he was honoured by the jubilee volume, Logos Islamikos. He was a good and considerate teacher but his acute perception and rather unnerving wit left many of his students less confident about their own knowledge and learning. In his own words, he "spent twentyfive years as a convert to Roman Catholicism from nominally Protestant non-belief. At fifty-one, [he had become] a sort of agnostic who regretted having reared his [eight] children within an established He published widely on Arabic and Persian languages, literatures and thought. For the religion. Unesco collection of representative works he translated from the Persian of Nasr ai-Din Tusi, The Nasirean ethics (1964). He also wrote Morals pointed and tales adorned, from the Persian of Sa'dT (1974), and Arabic grammar (1980). BioB134; Canadian,1990-2002; DrA5, 1969, 1974, 1978, 1982 P; Private ll

Wickerhauser, Moritz, born about 1810, he studied from 1832 to 1839 at the Orientalische Akademie, Wien. Upon graduation in 1839, he was appointed assistant dragoman to the Imperial Austrian internuncio at Constantinople. During his nine-year service he was sent on several missions to Syria and Transylvania. On 4 August 1846 he became third dragoman. On 25 January 1848 he succeeded V. Rosenzweig Ritter zu Schwannau as professor of Oriental languages at his alma mater, teaching Arabic, Persian and Turkish eighteen hours weekly for thirteen years. In addition, he taught since 1851 also Turkish at the local polytechnic institute. Concurrently he spent years preparing a new edition of F. Meninski's 1680 trilingual dictionary. It was only after the reorganization of the Akademie that his weekly teaching load was reduced to twelve hours of Turkish. By this time, however, signs of physical and mental deterioration appeared. After a lengthy vacation in 1868 he was pensioned off early by the ministry of foreign affairs in November 1868, and by the ministry of education in April 1869. He seems to have ended his life as a patient of a lunatic asylum in Dobling. His writings include Wegweiser zum verstenaniss der turkiscnen Sprache (1853), Blutenkranz aus Dschamis zweitem Diwan (1858), and Die Papageimarchen (1858). Wurzbach Wickersheimer, Charles Adolphe Ernest, born 12 July 1880 at Bar-le-Duc (Meuse), he received a medical doctorate in 1905 from the Faculte de medecine de Paris for La Medecine et les medecins en France if l'epoque de la Renaissance. He was a historian of medicine and in 1910 appointed librarian of the Acadernie de Medeclne. He died in Strasbourg, 6 August 1965. BN; Dc5cB; IndexBF~ (1) Wickwar, William Hardy, born 22 May 1903 at London, he graduated from King's College, London, and did post-graduate work at Paris. From 1938 to 1948 he taught political science at U.S. colleges, and subsequently served with the U.N.O., particularly two years each as U.N. regional community development adviser in the Middle East, and as social affairs adviser to the Lebanese Government. From 1965 to his retirement in 1971 he was a professor at the University of South Carolina at Columbia. His writings include Social services (1936), The modernization of administration in the Near East (1963), and Power and service; a cross-national analysis of public administration (1991).

AmM&W5, 19735,19785; ConAu, 57-60; Who5&5W, 1973-1988/89

Widajewicz, J6zef, born 6 February 1889 at Buszczach, Poland, he received a Dr.phil. in history from Uniwersytet Lwoski. Since 1927 he was a professor of his SUbject at Uniwersytet Poznanski. His writings include Studia nad relacjq 0 Slowianach Ibrahima ibn Jakuba (1946). He died in 1954. Czy wiesz, 1938; EncPWN; Polski (3)

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Widen bauer, Georg, born 19th cent., he was in 1918 resident in Bayreuth, Bavaria. His writings include Die wahren Ursachen des Weltkrieges (1915), Deutsches Blut far Frankreich (1931), Die Geschichte des Verbandes Bayerischer Philologen (1936), and Bohmen und das deutsche Schicksal (1940). GV; NUC, pre-1956 Widengren, Georg, born 24 April 1907 at Stockholm, he was since 1940 a professor of religion at Uppsala Universitet. He was a specialist in Semitic and Iranian studies and was granted four honorary doctorates. He published over twenty books on the history and phenomenolgy of religion, political history and cultural history, which include Religionens (1945), Religionens ursprung (1946), Tor AndrCB (1947), Muhammad, the apostle of God, and his ascension (1955), Die Religionen Irans (1965), and Der Feudalismus im alten Iran (1969). He died 28 January 1996. BioB134; Vern ardel, 1949-1995; WhoWor, 1974/75

Widera, Bruno, born 30 September 1900 at KonigshOtte, Silesia, he was a trained sheet metal worker from 1914 to 1924. He subsequently worked as a free-lance reporter and editor, concurrently continuing his education in union-supported seminars. .According to a post-war communist regulation, he was admitted in 1949 as a student at Humboldt Universltat, Berlin. Since the spring of 1950 he was also engaged in the restauration of the university's Institut fOr Osteuropaische Geschichte. He subsequently studied at Freie University Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1952 for Die gegenseitigen Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Kiever Rus in der ersten Halfte des 11. Jahrhun derts. He edited Die materielle Kultur der alten Rus' (1959), Geschichte der Kultur der alten Rus' (1959-1962), and Russisch-deutsche Beziehungen von der Kiever Rus' bis zur Oktoberrevolution (1976). Thesis Widgery, Alban Gregory, born in 1887 in England, he was educated at Cambridge, Jena, and the Sorbonne, Paris. He was a lecturer in philosophy in India, 1915-1922, at Cambridge, 1922-1928, and from 1930 to his retirement in 1952 at Duke University, Durham, N.C. His writings include The comparative study of religions (1923), and What is religion (1953). He died in 1968. ConAu 5-8; Master (3); Who was who 6

Widmannstetter, Johann Albrecht, erroneously also called Widmannstadt, born in 1506 at Nellingen near Ulm, Germany, he studied law and philosophy at TObingen, and gained a knowledge of Oriental languages at Italian universities. He was a sometime secretary to Pope Clement II. He later served at the court of Ludwig X of Bavaria as well as other secular and ecclesiastic dignities, in whose service he repeatedly visited Italy. Under Emperor Ferdinand I, he re-organized the Universitat Wien and established a Jesuit college there. After his wife's death he was ordained priest in 1557 and entered the Regensburg Domkapitel. He initiated the study of Oriental languages in the West. His writings include Latin selections from the Koran entitled, Mahometis AbdallCB filii Theologia dialogo explicata (1543) and SyriacCB IingvCB (1556). He died in Regensburg, 28 March 1557. Max Friedrich MOiler (born 1880) received a Dr.phil. in 1908 from the Universitat Bamberg for Johann Albrecht von Widmannstadt, 15061557; sein Leben und Wirken. ADtB, YOI. 42, pp. 357-361; DtBE; FOck, p. 43; Wurzbach, YOI. 55, pp. 262-264 Widmer, Gottfried, born 10 August 1890, he received a Dr.phil. in 1916 from the Universitat Bern for Der lexikalische Ertrag der Konjekturalkritik von Jesaja Kapitel 1-12, and also a Dr.habil. in 1932 for Versuch einer Erklarung der verschiedenartigen Oberlieferungen einzelner Namensformen im Alten Testament. He was a professor of Islamic studies at Bern. His writings include Beitrage zur neuarabischen Literatur (1932). KOrschner, 1931, 19351 Wiebe, Dietrich, born 19 September 1938 at Danzig-Langfuhr, he studied geography, psychology, and education at Gottingen and Kiel, where he received a doctorate in 1967, and also a Dr.rer.nat.habil. in 1976 for Stadtstruktur und kUltur-geographischer Wandel in Kandahar und Sadafghanistan. He was since 1981 a professor of geography at his alma mater His writings include Afghanistan (1984). KOrschner, 1987-2003; Note

Wieber, Reinhard, born 6 July 1942 at Berlin, he completed his secondary education in 1963 at Wittelbacher Gymnasium, MOnchen, and subsequently studied economics, Oriental languages, Islamic subjects, and comparative religion at Bonn, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1971 for Das Schachspiel in der arabischen Literatur von den Anfangen bis zur zweiten Halfte des 16. Jahrhunderts. His writings include Nordwesteuropa nach der arabischen Bearbeitung der Ptotemsiscnen Geographie von aljjwarizmi (1974). Thesis Wieczynski, Joseph Leon, born 13 April 1934 at Baltimore, Md., he received a Ph.D. in 1966 from Georgetown University for A.S. Khomyakov's "Foreigners' opinions of Russia;" a translation and historical commentary. He was appointed in 1974 a professor of Russian history at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include The Russian frontier; the impact of the borderlands upon the course of early Russian history (1976). ConAu 37-40; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; NatFacDr, 1995

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Wiedemann, Eilhard Ernst Gustav, born 1 August 1852 at Berlin, he studied mathematics and natural sciences at Heidelberg and Leipzig, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1872 and a Dr.habil in 1875. From 1886 to his retirement he was a professor of physics at Erlangen, where he died 7 January 1928. He wrote innumerable articles on Arab-Islamic natural sciences, most of which - if not all - have been collected by Dorothea Girke and Dieter Bischoff and published in three volumes entitled Gesammelte Schriften zur arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main, Institut fur Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften, 1984). DtBE; DtBilnd (6); FOck, p. 324; Isis 14 (1935), pp. 166-186; Master (2); Sezgin; Wer ist's, 1909-1922

Wiedemann, Ferdinand Johannes (Ivanovich), born in 1804 or 1805 at Hapsal (Haapsalu), Estonia, he studied law from 1824 to 1826 at the Unlversitat Dorpat (Tartu). He was a linguist and a secondary school teacher of Greek, who taught at Mitau (Jelgava) and Reval until 1856, when he was elected to the Classe historico-philologique, Academie imperiales des sciences de St.-petersbourg, as a member for Finno-Monglian philology. He was a founding member and secretary of Estlandische Llterarlsche Gesellschaft and since 1856 its vice-president. He was awarded a honorary doctorate by his alma mater and was the recipient of decorations and honours, as well as a member of several learned societies. His writings include Versuch einer Grammatik der sytienlscnen Sprache (1847), and Grammatik der Wotjakischen Sprache (1851). He died in St. Petersburg in 1887. Baltisch (10); DtBE Wiedemann, Georg Max Emil, born 2 (14) June 1859 at St. Petersburg, he early in life lost his father. After his death, he came with his mother to Dresden, where he graduated from Vitzthumsches Gymnasium. He studied at Leipzing, Gottingen, Darmstadt and Freiburg, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1884 at Leipzig for Gregor VII. und Erzbischof Manasses I. von Reims. After military service, 1885-1889, he also studied political economy. He was an editor-in-chief of a chemical periodical as well as an administrative officer of two steamship lines. He made research visits to the Caucasus and Central Asia and was a contributor to Deutsche Orient-Korrespondenz. His writings include Bagdad und Teheran; politische Betrachtungen und Berichte (1911). DtBE, Thesis; Werist's, 1922-1935 Wiedensohler, Gunter, born 28 December 1932 at Kiel, he studied law at Innsbruck as well as law and Oriental languages at MOnster and Bonn, where received a Dr.phil. in 1960 for Mangel beim Kauf nach islamischem Recht. His writings include Der Schutz deutscher Privatinvestitionen in Libyen (1965), Der Schutz deutscher Privatinvestitionen in Tunesien (1966), Der Schutz deutscher Privatinvestitionen in Marokko (1967). Since 1964 he successively collaborated with Hamburger Oberseeforschung, Institut fur Afrika-Kunde, Deutsches Orient-Institut, and Max-Planck-Institut fOr Auslandisches Recht, Hamburg. Note; Schwarz; Thesis Wiegand, Theodor G. Gerh., born 30 October 1864 at Bendorf am Rhein, he studied archaeology, philology and history at MOnchen, Berlin and Freiburg im Breisgau, earning a doctorate in 1893. After excavations from 1895 to 1897 at Priene, Ionia, he joined Konigliche Museen, Berlin, and was posted to Constantinople. From 1911 to 1913 he was head of the department of antiquities, Preufslsche Museen in Berlin, and since 1932 a president of Deutsches Archaoloqisches Institut, Berlin. He was joint author of Halbmond im letzten Viertel; Briefe und Reiseberichte aus der alten TOrkei, 1895 bis 1918, edited by Gerhard Wiegand (1970); he edited Baalbek; Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungen, 1898 bis 1905 (1921-25), and Palmyra; Ergebnisse der Expeditionen von 1902 und 1917 (1932). He died in 1936 DtBE; DtBiind (3); KOrschner,1925-1935; RHbDtG; Werist's, 1928-1935 Wielandt, Rotraud, born about 1944, she received a Dr.phil. in 1970 at TObingen for Offenbarung und Geschichte im Denken moderner Muslime. She was since 1996 a professor of Islamic studies in the Universitat Bamberg. Her writings include Das Blld der Europeer in der modernen arabischen Erzahlund Theaterliteratur (1980), Das erzehterische FrOhwerk Mahmud Taymurs (1983), and she was joint editor of Lexikon der islamischen Welt (1992). KOrschner, 1996-2003; Private Wieleitner, Heinrich Karl, born 31 October 1874 at Wasserburg on Inn, he studied mathematics at MOnchen, where he also received his first doctorate in 1901 and his Dr.habil. in 1928. He taught at secondary schools and concurrently served as a university lecturer in history of mathematics. His writings include Geschichte der Mathematik (1908-1921). He died in MOnchen, 27 December 1931. DcScB; DtBE; DtBilnd (2); KOrschner, 1925-1931

Wielezynski, Marian, fl. 1975, he was a sometime assistant at the faculty of economics in the Universite d'Oran. Note Wieneke, G., born 19th cent., he was a German missionary at Urmia, Persia. His trace is lost after a publication in 1904. Note Wiener, Alfred, born in 1885 at Potsdam, he received a Dr.phil. in 1913 at Heidelberg for Die Farag bald a§-§idda-Literatur von Mada'ini bis Tanuhi. He was founder of Wiener Library in London. His writings include Kritische Reise durch Pelestine (1927), and Juden und Araber in Petesttne (1929). He Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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died in London, 4 February 1964.

BioHbDtE; Bioln 14; DtBE; Master (2); NYT 6 February 1964, p. 29, col. 5;

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Wiener, Ernst Cohn, 1882-1941 see Cohn-Wiener, Ernst Wiener (Viner), Leo, born in 1862 at Bialystok, he studied at Warszawa and Berlin, before he went in 1882 to the United States to become a professor of Germanic, Romance, and Slavic languages. His linguistic interests ranged far; his articles include studies of Ladino, native American languages, Arabic, Sumerian and Egyptian. His writings include Contributions toward a history of Arabico-Gothic culture. He died in 1939. ANB; Bioln 17; CnDiAmJBi; DAB, S 2; EncJud; Master (2); NYT 14 Decmber 1939, p. 27, col. 5; WhAm 1; Who was who, 3 A, 4; Wininger

Wiener, Thomas G., 1917- see Winner, Thomas Gustav Wiernikowski, Jan Nepomucen, 1799 or 1800-1877 see Vernikovski, Jan (Ivan) Nepomucen Wiese, Josef, born 7 July 1863 at Meschede, Prussia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1892 at Erlangen for Der Padagoge Alexander Hegius und seine SchOler. He was a geographer and ethnographer whose writings include Das Meer (1906), Gustav Nachtigal, ein deutsches Forscherleben im dunklen Erdteil (1914), Belgisch-Kongo (1916), and Die sechs Frauen Heinrichs VIII. (1931). KOrschner, 1925-19311 Wiesflecker, Hermann Paul, born 27 November 1913 at Lienz, Austria, he received a Dr.phil. in 1936 from the Universitat Wien for Die Verwaltung der "vorderen Grafschaft Gorz" im Pustertal im 15. Jahrhundert. He was from 1947 to his retirement a professor of Austrian history at the Universltat Graz. His writings include Erzherzog Johann (1959). On his seventieth birthday he was honoured by Domus Austriae; Festgabe fOr Hermann Wiesflecker. IntAu&W, 1977; KOrschner, 1950-2003; WhoAustria, 1954-1982/83

Wiesner, Jerome Bert, born 30 May 1915 at Detroit, he received a Ph.D. in 1950 in physics from the University of Michigan. He was a professor, a communications engineer, academic administrator, and science adviser to president John F. Kennedy. His writings include Where science and politics meet (1965). He died 21 October 1994. ConAu 13-16, 147; CurBio,1961; IntWW, 1974-1994/95; Master (14); Who, 1969-1995; WhoAm, 1974-1994; WhoW, 1974-1994/95

Wiesner, Julius, born 20 January 1838 at Tschechen near Neu-Raussnitz, Moravia, he was baptized on 6 June 1840 at Alt-Brunn, He was a scholar of plant anatomy and plant physiology who received honorary doctorates at Uppsala, Wien, Brunn and Glasgow. His writings include Eine neuer Beitrag zur Geschichte des Papiers (1904). He died in Wien, 9 October 1916. DtBE; DtBilnd (12); DcScB; Wer ist's, 1909-1912; Wininger; Wurzbach

WieBner, Amadeus, born 17 February 1787 of humble parentage at Panitzsch near Leipzig, he received his first education from the local clergyman who continued to support him at Thomasschule, Leipzig, and the Unlversitat, where he studied theology and history. After graduation in 1812 he became for two years a private tutor at the home of the Prussian envoy in London. Since 1817 he was a teacher of mathematics and French at the Domschule in Naumburg. In 1819 he gained a degree in theology at Magdeburg and in 1823 he was appointed deacon at Belgern, Saxony, where he died on 10 September 1829. His writings include Lehre und G/aube von der christlichen Religion (1821), and Der Mohammedanismus (1823), a work which was republished entitled Geschichte des Islam und seiner Bekenner. DtBilnd (2); Sezgin Wiet, Gaston, born 18 December 1887 at Paris, he trained in law and received a diploma from the Ecole des langues orientales, Paris. He was from 1909 to 1911 a member of Institut francals d'archeoloqie orientale, Cairo, from 1911 to 1926 a lecturer at the Faculte des lettres de Lyon, and from 1926 to 1951 a director of the Arab museum in Cairo, and subsequently a professor of Arabic language and literature at the College de France. In 1935 he prepared an expert appraisal of the cloth of veneration and centre of pilgrimage to Cadouin (Dordogne), identifying it as of Arab origin so that the pilgrimages stopped. His writings include Soieries persanes (1948), Grandeur de I'is/am (1961), Introduction a la titiereture arabe (1966), Cairo, city of art and commerce (1964), Baghdad, metropolis of the Abbasid caliphate (1971), and he was joint author of Les Mosquees du Caire (1932) as well as editor and translator of classical Arabic texts. He died 20 April 1971. DBFC, 1954/55; Index Islamicus (8); Private; WhoFr, 1953/54-1971/72

Wigger, Peter Gottlieb Daniel Friedrich, born 17 June 1825 at Dossow near Wismar, Mecklenburg, he studied philology and history at Gottingen and Berlin, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1848. He was since 1861 a historian, archivist and librarian at Schwerin. His writings include Geschichte der Familie von BlOcher (1870-78). He died in Schwerin, 24 September 1886. ADtB, vol. 42, pp. 461-463; DtBE; DtBilnd (1); Sezgin Wiggins, Kenneth W., fl. 1972, he was coin collector and author of Coins of the Sindhias (Sanderstead, 1978). LC

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Wigle, Laurel D., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1974 from Wayne State University, Detroit, for The effects of international migration on a norlhern Lebanese village. Selim3 Wigram, Sir Edgar Thomas Ainger, born in 1864, he was educated at Canterbury and Cambridge. From 1926 to 1927 he was mayor of St. Albans. His writings include Norlhern Spain (1906), and he was joint author of The Cradle of mankind; life in eastern Kurdistan (1914). He died in 1935. Master (1); WhE&EA; Who 1912-1932; Who was who 3

Wigram, William Ainger, Rev., Dr., born 16 May 1872 at Furneaux, Pelham, Herts., he was educated at Canterbury, Cambridge, and Bishop Auckland Theological Seminary. He was a missionary of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Mission to the Assyrian Christians, and for ten years successively in charge of the stations in Van, Urmia, and 'Amadiya. His writings include Our smallest ally; a brief account of the Assyrian Nation in the Great War (1920), and The Assyrians and their neighbours (1929). He died on 16 January 1953. Who was who, 5 van Wijk, D. Gerth see Gerth van Wijk, D. van Wijk, Henri Louis Anne, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1946 at Amsterdam for Contribuci6n al estudio del habla popular de Venezuela. His writings include Antologfa de cuendos hispanoamericanos (1951), and he was joint author of Portugese spraakkunst von Nederlanders (1944). His trace is lost after a publication in 1960. Brinkman's van Wijk, Walter Emile, born in 1887, he wrote De Gregoriaansche kalender (Maastrich, 1932), Le Nombre d'or (1936), and New and decimal tables for the reduction of Jewish dates (1947). His trace is lost after a lecture at the Palais de la Decouverte, Paris, 16 March 1954. NUC, pre-1956

Wijnen, Marie Helene Josephine Marcelle Nicole, born in 1946, she received a doctorate in 1982 from the Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden for The early Neolitic I settlement at Sesklo; an early farming community in Thessaly. LC Wikan, Unni, born 18 November 1944 at Ibestad, Norway, he received a Dr.phil. in 1980 at Oslo, where he was also appointed in 1988 a professor of social anthropology. His writings include Fattigfolk i Cairo (1976), its translation, Life among the poor in Cairo (1980), Behind the veil in Arabia (1982), I morgen, hvis God viI; kvinneliv i Cairos bakgater (1983); Managing turbulent hearts (1990), and Tomorrow, God willing; self-made destinies in Cairo (1996). ConAu 147; Hvem erhvem, 1994; WrDr, 1999-2002 Wikander, Oscar Stig, born 27 August 1908 at Norrtalie, Sweden, he studied at Uppsala, Kebenhavn, Paris, and Berlin and received his Dr.phil. in 1938 from Uppsala Universitet for Der arische Mannerbund. He was a lecturer in Swedish at the Oniversitat MOnchen, 1938-1939, lecturer in Iranian philology at Lund, 1941-1953, and professor of Sanskrit at Uppsala, 1953-1974. His writings include Orientalisk diktning (1970); he edited Recueil de textes kourmandji (1959), and Araber, vikinger, varingar (Lund, 1978). He died 20 December 1983. BioB134; Vem ardet, 1957-1985 Wilber, Donald Newton, born 14 November 1907 at Madison, Wisc., he was a graduate of Princeton, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1949 for The architecture of Islamic Iran; the /I Khanid period. Trained as an architect, he participated in several archaeological excavations in the Middle East and then explored the architetural treasures of Iran. As a consultant to the United States Government, he made frequent trips to the region and was able to pursue independent research. His writings include Iran, past and present (1948), a work which went through numerous editions, and he was joint author of United Arab Republic, Egypt; its people, its society, its culture (1969), and The Timurid architecture of Central Asia (1987). He died in 1997. Selim; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; Master (3); Note; Shavit; WrDr, 1976-2002 Wilberforce-Bell, Sir Harold, born 17 November 1885 at Leeds, he was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford. He served with the Indian Army in political employ from 1909 until his retirement in 1940. His writings include The History of Kathiawad from the earliet times (1916). He died 24 April 1956. Riddick; Who, 1936-1956; Who was who 5 Wilbois, Adolphe Jacques Joseph, born in 1874, he was affiliated with the Musee Social, Paris. His writings include L'Avenirde I'Eglise russe (1907), Ceux qui ont faim (1934), L'Action sociale en pays de missions (1938), Le Service social dans les colonies frangaises d'Afrique noire (1947), and Principes de morale sociale (1948). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Wilbrandt, Hans, born 4 January 1934 at Berlin, he studied agronomy at Gottingen and Berlin, where he received a doctorate in 1930 for Agrarkrise und Rationalisierung. He spent from 1934 to 1952 in emigration in Turkey. From 1957 to his retirement in 1971 he was successively a professor of agronomy at Berlin and Gottingen. He was a sometime consultant in Turkey as well as Afghanistan.

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His writings include L6sung der tartascnen AuBenhandelskrise durch steigende Agrarexporte? (1954). He died 12 February 1988. BioHbDtE; KOrschner, 1954-1987

Wilcher, Lewis Charles, C.B.E., born 9 December 1908 at Middle Swan, Western Australia, he was educated at the University of Adelaide and at Oxford as a Rhodes scholar. He was from 1934 to 1940 a lecturer in modern history, and dean, at his alma mater. After wartime service he was from 1947 to 1956 a principal of University College, Khartoum. His writings include Education, press, radio (Melbourne, 1948). He died in 1983. Unesco; Who, 1969-1983; WhoAus,1950; Who was who 3 Wilcox, Francis Orlando, born in 1908 at Columbus Junction, Iowa, he graduated in 1930 from the University of Iowa, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1933 for Some aspects of the financial administration of Johnson County, Iowa. He was a professor of political science at the University of Louisville before he entered government service. He was a sometime staff member of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee as well as Assistent Secretary of State. He edited Recent American foreign policy; basic documents, 1941-1951 (1952). His private papers, 1929-1985, are in the University of Iowa Library. He died in 1985. AmM&W5, 19735, 19785; ConAu 37-40; Master (4); WhAm 8 Wilcox, Marrion, born 3 April 1858 at Augusta, Ga., he studied law at Yale University and after bar admission in New York practised since 1880 his profession. From 1884 to 1886 he was an instructor in law at his alma mater. He was an advocate of fair play to Cuba and generally strove for the improvement of relations with the Hispanic world. He edited Harper's History of the war in the Philippines (1900). He died in 1926. DcNAA; EncicUni; Master(2) WhAm 1; WhNAA Wilcox, Wayne Ayres, born 13 July 1932 at Pendleton, Ind., he graduated in 1954 from Purdue University and received a Ph.D. in 1960 from Ann Arbor, Michigan, for The political assimilation of the princely states of Pakistan. He spent his entire academic career with Columbia University as a political scientist. His writings include Pakistan; the consolidation of a nation (1963). He died in 1974.

AmM&W5, 19735; Bioln 10; ConAu 5-8,49-52, new rev., 4; WhAm 6

Wilczynski, Jan Zygmunt, born 21 February 1891 at the village of Zakrenicze in Russia, he studied at St. Petersburg and Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Krakow, where he received a doctorate in 1914. He later became a professor of biology at Wilno (Vilnius). His writings include Is the second law of thermodynamics universal? (Beirut, 1956), and Sur Ie Darwinisme presume d'Alberuni 800 ans avant Darwin (Beyrouth, 1958). Czy wiesz, 1938; Polski (2); ZKO Wild, Henri, born in 1902 at St-Imier, Switzerland, he graduated in 1925 from the College de Geneve and became a teacher of French at an American college at Asyut, Egypt. He pursued an interest in Egyptology. He translated from the German of Adolf Erman, La Religion des Egyptiens (1937). He died in 1983. Egyptology Wild, Henry, born at Norwich about 1684, he received the usual elementary education at the local grammar school. He then trained for seven years as a tailor, and worked as a journeyman. An illness prevented him from following his trade, and turned his attention first to Hebrew and later to Arabic. After becoming known accidentally to the Dean of Norwich, he went to Oxford, where he arrived some time before 1718. He never was a member of the University, but had permission to work in the Bodleian Library. He was a private teacher of Hebrew and Arabic. About 1720 he removed to London. He made a transcript of Ibn Abi Usaybi'ah's IUyun al-anba'; a translation of al-Bukhari' on the ascention to heaven (mtraJ), which is said to have been published in 1734, appears to have been a posthumous work. B50A5 19 (1957), pp. 579-581 Wild, Johannes, born in 1585 at Nurnberg, he joined the imperial forces to fight in Hungary, where he soon became a prisoner of the Turks and early in 1605 was sold into slavery. Ceded to one master after another, he finally came into the hands of a slave dealer who took him to Cairo. He became the servant of a Persian, with whom he made the pilgrimage to Mecca. The vicissitudes of fortune brought him to southern Arabia, Damascus, Jerusalem, and back to Cairo. In the end he was freed by his last master, a Turk, and made it back home by way of Constantinople. His experiences are embodied in his Neue Reysbeschreibung eines gefangenen Christen (1613), and its translation, Voyages en Egypte, 1606-1610, by Oleg V. Volkoff (1973). He died after 1611. ADtB, vol. 42, pp. 487-488; DtBiind (1); Egyptology

Wild, Stefan, born 2 February 1937 at Leipzig, he received a Dr.habil. in 1967 from the Universitat Munchen and was since 1977 a professor of Islamic studies at Bonn. His writings include Das Kitab al'Aln und die arabische Lexikographie (1965), a work which was originally presented in 1961 as a thesis at Munchen, and Libanesische Ortsnamen (1973); he was joint editor of Zwei Beschreibungen des Libanon (1980). KOrschner, 1980-2003

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Wilden, Josef, born 2 February 1877 at NeuB, Prussia, he studied political science and received a doctorate at Tublnqen, He also trained in commerce and had experience as a newspaper editor. Since 1922 he was a secretary of the Dusseldorf chamber of commerce as well as the stock exchange. He also lectured at the Universitat KOln. His writings include Von Versailles bis Locarno; die Notzeit der Dussekiotier Wirtschaft (1926), and 100 Jahre Dusseldorfer Wirtschaftsleben (1931). He died in Dusseldorf, 12 January 1953. DtBilnd (2); HbDtWiss; KOrschner, 1950; RHbDtG; Wer ist's, 1935; Wer ist wer, 1950

Wilder, William Dean, born in 1939 at Danville, Pa., he graduated in 1961 from Harvard and in the same year went to England, where he gained an M.A. in 1963 from LSE, and a Ph.D. in 1976 from the University of London for Social structure and the communications system in a Malay village in Panhang, Malaya. Since 1966 he was a lecturer in anthropology at Durham University. His writings include Communications, social structure, and development in rural Malaysia (1982). WhoWor, 1984/85 Wilding, Richard, born 20th cent., he was a sometime teacher of anthropology in the University of Addis Ababa. His writings include A Bibliography of the history and peoples of the Swahili-speaking world (1976), The Shorefolk; aspects of the early development of Swahili communities (1987), Panels, pillars, and posterity; ancient tombs on the north Kenyan coast (1988), Swahili bibliography of the East African coast (1990), and he was joint author of The Ethiopian cultural heritage (1978). Wilensky, Michael, born in 1877 at Kremenchuk, Ukraine, he received a Dr.phil. in 1914 in mathematics from the Unlversitat Bern for Ober Bessesche Funktionen. He was resident in Berlin from 1921 to 1934, when he escaped to the United States by way of Lithuania. He was a research librarian and cataloguer, specializing in Hebrew philology and literature, at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he died on 22 June 1955. CnDiAmJBi; EncJud; NYT 23 June 1955, p. 29, col. 4 Wiles, James William, M.A., captain, born 19th cent., he flourished in 1935 in Beograd. His writings include Serbian songs and poems (1917), and Two Yugoslav stories, Moslem and Christian (1931), and he translated from the Serbo-Croatian of Ivan Mazuranic, The Death of Smail Aga (Salonika, 1918). BlC; NUC, pre-1956 Wiley, Marshall W., born 26 April 1926 at Rockford, Illinois, he received graduate degrees at Chicago and Baltimore. He was a lawyer and a Foreign Service officer. He died of leukemia on 31 January 1998. MESA bulletin 32 (1998), pp. 143-144

Wilhelm, Eugen, born 5 June 1842 at Neustadt on Orla, Thuringia, he received a doctorate in 1864 and successively became a private tutor, secondary school teacher and professor of Persian philology at the Universitat Jena. He was a member of several learned societies. His writings include De infinitivi Jingvarvm sanscritae, bactricae, persicae, graecae, oscae, vmbricae, latinae, goticae forma et vsv (Eisenach, 1873). He died in 1923. DtBiind (1); Werist's, 1909-1922

Wilhelmy, Herbert, born 4 February 1910 at Sondershausen, Thuringia, he studied geography and received a Dr.phil. in 1932 from the Universitat Leipzig for Die OberfJachenformen des Iskergebietes. He was from 1937 to 1942 a lecturer at Kiel, and successively became a professor of geography at Kiel, Stuttgart and Tubinqen. He was joint author of Die faschistische Kolonisation in Nordafrika (1939). HbDtWiss; KOrschner, 1940/41-2001 Wilke, Hans Ulrich, fl. 1961, he received a Dr.jur. in 1952 from the Uninersitat GOttingen for Inhaberoder Namensaktie.

GV

Wilken, Friedrich born 23 May 1777 at Ratzeburg, Mecklenburg, he studied history and theology at GOttingen and received a Dr.phil. in 1803 at Leipzig. He was since 1805 a professor of history and concurrently a librarian at Heidelberg, and since 1817 a librarian at KOnigliche Bibliothek, Berlin, and concurrently a professor of history and Oriental studies at the Universitat. He is best remembered as a historian of the crusades. His writings include Geschichte der Kreuzzuge nach morgenlandischen und abendlandischen Berichten (1807-32), and he edited and translated from Mir Khwand, Historia Gasnevidarum persice (1832). He died in Berlin, 24 December 1840. ADtB, vol. 43, pp. 236-41; DtBe; DtBiind (9) Wilken, Georg Alexander, born 13 March 1847 at Menado, Celebes, Netherlands Indies, he there was a civil servant until 1880, when he went to the Netherlands. He studied at Leiden under J. Hendrik C. Kern and M. J. de Goeje and, in 1881, was appointed a lecturer in ethnology of Netherlands Indies. After gaining an honorary doctorate in 1884 he succeeded to Pieter J. Veth in 1885 as a professor. His writings include Het matriarchaat bij de oude Arabieren (1884), its translation Das Matriarchat bei den alten Arabern (1884), Het animisme bij de volken van den Indischen Archipel (1885), and The Sociology of Malayan peoples (1921). He died in Leiden, 1 July 1891. EncNI, vol. 4, pp. 780-782; Indische gids 13 (1891), pp. 1705-1708; NieuwNBW, vol. 3, col. 1425

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Wilkie, James Sterling, born in 1906 at London, he entered University College in 1924. A year later he left for two years to study French at Paris. He took his B.Sc. in 1929 at U.C. with the award of the Gold Medal in Zoology. He subsequently served for fourteen years as a demonstrator in biology at Guy's Hospital Medical School. In 1945 he moved back to U.C., London, and in 1949 took his Ph.D. for The Biologist's approach in the mind-body problem. In 1949 he moved to Cambridge where he lived on his private funds and applied himself to private study in a variety of subjects, including mathematics, philosophy, Greek, German and general history. He returned in 1953 once more to University College, London, and became successively reader, head of department, and professor, until finally in 1968 he took early retirement and moved back again to Cambridge. He was elected in 1970 into a fellowship at St. Edmund's House, and appointed to the office of librarian. At Cambridge he learnt Arabic in order to undertake a major research project on Galen. His writings include The Science of mind and brain (1953), and he was joint editor of Galen on respiration and the arteries (1984). He died in 1982. British journal for the history of science 17 (November 1984), pp. 310-311

Wilkins, Sir Charles, born about 1749 at Frome, Somerset, he was in the service of the East India Company as a writer, and became superintendent of the Company's factories at Maldah. He was the first Englishman to gain a thorough grasp of Sanskrit. His writings include A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English (1806). He died in London in 1836. Britlnd (8); Buckland; ONB; IndianBiind (4); Mason; Master (2); Riddick

Wilkins, Henry Saint Clair, born in 1828, he was in 1847 commissioned as lieutenant and posted to the Bombay Engineers and advanced to become a general in 1882. He served with the field force from Aden against Arabs, 1858, and commanded the Royal Engineers in the Abyssinian campaign, 1868. His writings include Reconnoitering in Abyssinia (1879), and A Treatise on mountain roads (1879). He was found dead in his bed in London, 15 December 1896. Boase; Buckland; ONB; Riddick Wilkins, Lesley, formerly Martha Lesley P. Dukas, born about 1946 in the United States, she received in 1971 both an M.A. from A.U.B. and an M.S. from the University of California. She was a sometime librarian at the Boston Public Library and a member of the Middle East Librarians Association. Her writings include Azmat al-Kuwayt; al-'alaqat al-Kuwaytiyah al-'Iraqiyah, 1961-1962 (Beirut, 1973). MESA Roster of members, 1977-1990; Private

Wilkinson, Charles Kyrle, born 13 October 1897 at London, he was a professor of fine art at Columbia University and a curator of Near Eastern art at Brooklyn Museum. His writings include Iranian ceramics; catalogue of an exhibition (1963). He died in Sharon, Conn., 18 April 1986. Egyptology; Master (1); WhoAm, 1974/75-1978/79; WhoAmArt, 1970-1978

Wilkinson, Henry, M.R.A.S., fl. 1837-1851, his writings include Engines of war; or historical and experimental observations on ancient and modern warlike machines and implements (London, 1841), Observations (theoretical and practical) on muskets, rifles, and projectiles (London, 1851), and Observations on swords, 8th ed. (London, 1862). BLC; NUC, pre-1956 Wilkinson, Henry Spenser, born in 1853 at Manchester, he was educated at Manchester and Oxford, and in 1880 called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn. He is best remembered as a military historian whose writings include The Brain of an army (1890). He died in 1937. Britlnd (3); ONB; WhE&EA; Who was who 3 Wilkinson, James Vere Stewart, born 19th cent., he was educated at Rugby and University College, Oxford. In 1907 he entered the Indian Civil Service, doing most of his service on the Northwest Frontier and in the United Provinces unitl his resignation in 1924. From 1924 to 1946 he was affiliated with the Department of Oriental Manuscripts in the British Museum. He soon began his work on Persian and Mughal painting. In 1946 he left the British Library to become the librarian of the Chester Beatty Collection. He held the post until his death on 28 January 1957, and was thus responsible for the transfer of this great collection to Dublin and its installation there. His writings include The Library of A. Chester Beatty (1927), and The Lights of Canopus (1929). Ars orientalis 3 (1959), p. 259-60; Britlnd (1) Wilkinson, John Craven, born 20th cent., he received a D.Phil. in 1971 from Oxford for Arab settlement in Oman; the origins and development of the tribal pattern and its relationship to the Imamate. He was a sometime lecturer in geography of the Middle East in Oxford University, and a fellow of St Hugh's College. His writings include The Organisation of the Falaj irrigation system in Oman (1974), Water and tribal settlement in south-east Arabia (1977), Problems of oasis development (1978), The Imamate tradition of Oman (1987), Arabia's frontiers (1991), and he was joint author of The Warm desert environment (1977). OrBSMES,1993; EURAMES,1993; Sluglett Wilkinson, Sir John Gardner, born 5 October 1797 at Hardendale, he was educated at Harrow and Exeter College, Oxford. He was an explorer and archaeologist and went to Alexandria in 1821 to spend altogether twelve years in Egypt and Nubia. His writings include Handbook for travellers in

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Egypt (1847), and Dalmatia and Montenegro, with a journey to Mostar (1848). He died in Llandovery, 29 October 1875. BbD; Boase; Britlnd (8); DNB; Egyptology; Hill; Master (13)

Wilkinson, Tony J., fl. 1975 at Eastington, Gloucestershire. His writings include Archaeology and environment in south Essex (1988), and he was joint author of Min al-bi'ah al-'Umaniyah (1983), Franchthi Paralia - the sediments, stratigraphy, and offshore investigations (1990), and Town and country in southeastern Anatolia (1990). LC; Note about the author Wilks, Ivor Gordon Hugh, born 19 July 1928 at Coventry, he was educated at the University of Wales and received a Ph.D. in 1971 from Cambridge. He lived in Ghana from 1953 to 1966 as a lecturer in the University. He joined the Institute of African Studies shortly after its foundation in 1961, becoming professor of African history and subsequently deputy director. Since 1966 he was a professor of history, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. His writings include The Northern factor in Ashanti history (1961). Asante in the nineteenth century (1975). Directory of American scholars, 1982 H; Note about the author; Who's who in America, 1988/89-1996; Unesco

Wilks, Mark, born about 1760 on the Isle of Man, he received a classical education, with a view of entering the Church, but in 1782 he was appointed a cadet in the East India Company Service. He rose to high military and administrative posts and participated in the Carnatic wars. He was a sometime vice-president of the Royal Asiatic Society. His writings include Historical sketches of South India (1810-17). He died in 1831. Buckland; DNB; IndianBiind (4); Mason; Riddick Will, Ernest, born 25 April 1913 at Uhrwiller, Alsace, he received a classical education at the Faculte des lettres de Strasbourg, the Ecole normale superleure, Paris, and was a member of the Ecole francalse d'Athenes. From 1946 to 1951, he was a fellow at the Institut francais d'archeoloqie de Beyrouth, and from 1971 to 1980, its director. Thereafter he taught at the universities of Dijon, Lille, and Paris. He died in Paris on 24 September 1997. Syria, 74 (1997), pp. 1-2; Who's who in France, 1989/901997/98

Will, Michael Rudolf, born 17 March 1937 at Berlin, he received a Dr.jur. in 1966 and a Dr.habil. in 1977 at MOnchen for Quel/en emonter Gefahr; rechtsvergleichende Untersuchungen. He was a professor of law at SaarbrOcken, 1978-t989, and subsequently at Heidelberg. His writings include Warentest und Werbung (1968), and he was joint author of Europaisches Insiderrecht (1973). KOrschner, 1987-20011; WhoWor, 1991/921

Willan, Thomas Stuart, born in 1910 at Hawes, Yorkshire, he was educated at Queen's College, Oxford, and was from 1935 to 1973 a professor of history and economic history at Manchester. His writings include The English coasting trade, 1600-1750 (1938), and The Muscovy merchants of 1555 (1953). He died in 1994. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; ConAu 9-12; Who, 1963-1994 Willcock, Sir Henry, born in 1788 or 1789, he came of a large family which had made money in the West Indies. He entered the service of the East India Company at an early age as cornet in the 6th Madras Cavalry which in 1808 provided the escort for Hartford Jones' mission. He travelled to Persia from Bombay with Jones as commandant of the escort and interpreter to the mission. He remained in Persia until his return in 1830 to England, mixing soldiering with diplomacy. In 1822 he was in charge of the British Mission at Tehran. From 1838 to 1858 he was director of the East India Company and chairman in 1845. He died in Mortlake, 17 August 1858. Boase; Buckland; Riddick; Wright Willcocks, Sir William, born in 1852, he was educated at Missouri School, and at Roorkee College, India. He was a noted engineer who built the first Aswan Dam. His writings include Egyptian irrigation (1889), The Irrigation of Mesopotamia (1905), and its translations, Irrigation de la Mesopotamie (1909), and an Arabic translation in 1937. He died in 1932. Britlnd (1); Goldschmidt; Hill; Master (1); Who, 1903-1931 Willey, Peter Robert Everard, born in 1922 at London, he was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, and participated in five archaeological expeditions to northern Iran. He was a free-lance lecturer in history throughout UK. His writings include The Castles of the Assassins (1963). Au&Wr, 1963,1971; ConAu 13-16; WrDr, 1974/76-1990/921

Willfort, Fritz, born about 1900, he was an engineer and a sometime editor of Zeitschrift des Osterreichischen Ingenieur- und Architekten-Vereines as well as a joint author of Turkestanisches Tagebuch; sechs Jahre in Russisch-Zentralasien (1930). GV; NUC, pre-1956 Williams, Aneurin, born 11 October 1859 at Dowlais, Glamorganshire, he was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and in 1884 was called to the bar of Surrey from Inner Temple. He was a barrister and sometime chairman of Land Nationalisation Society, International Co-Operative Alliance, and British Armenia Committee. His writings include Co-Partnership and Profit-Sharing (1913). He died in 1924. Britlnd (3); Who, 1909-1923; Who was who 2 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Williams, Beryl, born 20th cent., his writings include The Russian revolution, 1917-1921 (London & New York, 1987), and Lenin (Harlow, 2000). aSK Williams (BlI1Ilb$lMC), Harold Whitmore, born 6 April 1876 at Auckland, New Zealand, he studied from 1893 to 1895 classical and modern philology at Auckland College in the University of New Zealand. He subsequently trained for priesthood, but had to abandon this on account of a vocal impediment. In 1900 he went first to Berlin to continue his study and then to the Universitat MOnchen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1904 for Grammatische Skizze der lIocano-Sprache. By studying Slavic languages he became interested in Russian affairs. He moved to London, where he became a special correspondent in Russia of four leading UK newspapers. In 1921 he became leader writer, and in 1922, director of the foreign department, on The Times, a post which he held until his death in 1928. He was married to Ariadna Tyrkova, a member of the Russian constitutional Democrat Party (the Cadets), with whom he published the novel, Hosts of darkness (1921). His other writngs include Russia and the Russians (1914), and The Spirit of the Russian revolution (1919). DNZB; TatarES Williams, Herbert Howard, born 19 May 1921 at Fentonville, N.Y., he graduated in 1948 from Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and received a Ph.D. in 1958 from the University of Pennsylvania with a thesis entitled Some aspects of culture and personality in a Lebanese Maronite village. He was since 1955 a professor of anthropology at California State University, San Francisco. His writings include the two booklets, Syrians studying abroad (1952), and Foreign study for Syrians (1953).

AmM&WS, 1973 S; NUC, 1956-67; Selim

Williams, John Alden, born 6 September 1928 at Fort Smith, Ark., he received a Ph.D. in 1958 from Princeton University for "Rawdat el-mutidtn" of Shaykh Abu Jeter Ibn- Yazdanyar. He was a Fulbright scholar in Cairo and became successively affiliated with the American Center for Research, Cairo, McGill University, Montreal, P.Q., A.U.C., and the University of Texas at Austin. His writings include Themes of Islamic civilization (1971), the translation from the Arabic of al-Tabari, The Early Abbasi empire (1988), and The Word of Islam (1994). He died in 1994. ConAu 1-4, new rev., 2; MESA Roster of members,1990; Selim; WhoRel1992

Williams, Judith Resek, she received a Ph.D. in 1966 from the University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Life situations and perspectives of adolescents in a Lebanese village. Her writings include The Youth of Haouch el Harimi, a Lebanese village (1968). Selim Williams, Keith, born 20th cent., he was from 1954 to 1956 a representative of Transocean Air Lines in the Middle East, and afterwards employed in Libya by American Overseas Petroleum Limited. Note Williams, Kenneth, born in 1894 at London, he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. His writings include Ibn se'ua, the Puritan king of Arabia (1933), and Britain and the Mediterranean (1940). His trace is lost after a publication in 1950. WhE&EA Williams, Laurence Frederick Rushbrook, born in 1890 at Wandsworth, England, he was educated privately and at University College, Oxford. From 1914 to 1921 he was a fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. While a professor of modern Indian history at Allahabad, he built up a school of Mughal studies. A major historian and authority on South Asia, he was. a minister in an Indian state, was Eastern Services director of the B.B.C, and served for many yeras on the editorial staff of The Times. He was also a government adviser on Middle East affairs. His writings include An Empire builder of the sixteenth century (1918), What about India? (1938), and The East Pakistan tragedy (1972). He died in 1978. Britlnd (2); ConAu 97-100; IndianBilnd (5); DNB; Master (2); Note; Riddick; Who, 1932-1978 Williams, Martin A. J., born 19 May 1941, he was in 1995 affiliated with the Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies in the University of Adelaide, and with the World Meteorological Organisation, U.N.O. He was joint author of Interaction of desertification and climate (1995), and he was joint editor of Monsoonal Austrialia (1991). LC Williams, Maynard Owen, born in 1888 at Havana, N.Y., he was a graduate of Kalamazoo College and Pulitzer School of Journalism, N.Y.C. He taught at the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, and was in charge of relief work in Van, Turkey. From 1919 to 1953 he was affiliated with the National geographic magazine. He died in Antalya, Turkey, in 1963. NatCAB, vol. 52, p. 540; NYT, 28 June 1963, p. 29, cols. 3-4; Shavit; WhAm 4; WhE&EA; WhNAA

Williams, Monier, 1819-1899 see Monier-Williams, Sir Monier Williams, Richard A., born 4 September 1930 at Columbus, Ohio, he graduated in 1949 from Ohio State University, where he also received his M.A. in 1950. Since 1951 he was a professor of French and Spanish, as well as head of department, at Central State University, Wilberforce, Ohio. He was joint author of Basic Hausa course (1964), and Basic Yoruba course (1964). DrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Williams, Robert, F.R.I.B.A., born 19th cent., he was an architect whose writings include Bond in Brickwork; being a few hints to the masons of Egypt on the bonding of brickwork (1906). His trace is lost after an article in 1918, when he was resident in Cairo. BLC Williams, Samuel Wells, born 22 September 1822 at Utica, N.Y., and educated at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. He became a printer under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, and an official interpreter for Chinese as well as Japanese. He translated the Gospel of Matthew into Japanese, and wrote A history of China (1897). After his return to the United States in 1876, he was professor of Chinese language and literature at Yale. He died in New Haven, Mass., 16 February 1884. Chinese recorder, 15 (1884), pp. 215-227; DAB; Master (12); Shavit - Asia; WhAm, H Williams, Talcott, born in 1849 at Abeih, a village ten miles south of Beirut, he was a graduate of Amherst College. He was the first director of Pulitzer School of Journalism, Columbia University. In later life he was awarded numerous honorary doctorates. His writings include Turkey; a world problem (1921), and The Newspaperman (1922). He died in 1928. Amlndex (5); DAB; Master (5); NatCAB, vol. 15, pp. 306-307; Shavit; WhAm 1

Williams, Wilbur Laurent, fl. 1927-1932, he was affiliated with the Foreign Policy Association, New York. In its Reports he published research papers on the British Commonwealth as well as Iraq. NUC Williams, William Llewelyn, born in 1867 at Brownhill, Wales, he was educated at Llandovery College, and Brasenose College, Oxford. He was a pacifist, journalist, historian, and a member of Parliament from 1906 to 1918. His writings include Armenia, past and present (1916), and The Making of modern Wales (1919). He died in 1922. Britlnd (4); OxCLiW, 1986; Who,1916-1921; Who was who 2 Williamson, Robert Stockton, born in 1824 at N.Y.C., he graduated in 1848 from the U.S. Military Academy. He was assigned to the Topographical Engineers and took part in various surveys on the Pacific coast until 1856. He subsequently served in various capacities on the staff of the commanding general of the Department of the Pacific. In 1869 he was promoted lieutenant-colonel. He died in San Francisco, 10 November 1882. ACAB; Amlndex (5) Willimott, Stanley Gordon, born in 1899 at Birkenhead, England, he was educated at Liverpool, where he received his B.Sc. and in 1923 his Ph.D. in chemistry. His first job was at Cambridge, where he became a demonstrator in agricultural science, obtaining a second Ph.D. in 1927. Two years later he joined the Colonial Service. He worked intermittently in the Far East until 1953, when he went to the Department of Agriculture in the Sudan as chief soil chemist at the Yambio Experimental Farm. He moved in 1956 to Nigeria, and in 1957 returned to England. He then started a new career in geography at the University of Durham, where the Department had a strong interest in the Middle East and its development. He retired in 1965, moving to the Reading area. He was joint editor of Field studies in Libya (1960). He died in Reading, 18 August 1977. Geographical journal, 144 (1978), pp. 182-183 Willis, Charles Armine, born in 1881 at London, he was educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford. He was director of Intelligence, Sudan Government, 1919-1926, and governor, Upper Nile Province, 1926-1931. He died in 1975. Britlnd (1); Who,1932-1976, Who was who 7 Willis, John Jamieson, born 8 November 1872 at Blackheath, England, he was educated at Haileybury College and Ridley Hall, Cambridge. Under the Christian Missionary Society, London, he went in 1900 to East Africa. He became a sometime bishop of Uganda. He died in 1954. Britlnd (1); Who, 1921-1954; Who was who, 5

Willis, John Ralph, born 1938 at Loraine, Ohio, he was a graduate of the University of Arizona and received a Ph.D. in 1970 from SOAS for ai-Hajj 'Umer b. Sa'id al-Futi al-Turi and the doctrinal basis of his Islamic reformist movement. In 1995, he was a professor in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Literature, Princeton. He wrote Studies in West African Islamic history (1979), Slaves and slavery in Muslim Africa (1985), and In the path of Allah; the passion of AI-Hajj 'Umer (1989). ConAu, 121; Master (1); NatFacDr, 1995-2000; Sluglett

Willman (Willmann) Grabowska, Helena, born 1870 or 78, she received a doctorate from the Sorbonne for her these comptementsire, Le Locative dans Ie Rig-veda. She was an Indo-Iranian scholar and a professor at Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Krakow. She died in 1957. NEP von Willmann, Erich, born about 1885, he received a Dr.ing. in 1911 from the Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt, for Ober einige Gebirgsdruckerscheinungen in ihren Beziehungen zum Tunnelbau (1911). His writings include Die Instandsetzung alter Eisenbahntunnel (1913). GV

Willmanowa, Helena, 1870 or 78-1957 see Willman-Grabowska, Helena Willms, Alfred, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.habil. in 1970 at Hamburg for Grammatik der sOdlichen Beraber-Dialekte, SOdmarokko. He was certainly from 1992 to 2002 a professor of African Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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languages and cultures at the Universltat Hamburg. His writings include EinfOhrung in das Vulgararabische von Nordwestafrika (1972), and Die dialektale Differenzierung des Berberischen (1980). KUrschner, 1992-2002; Schwarz

Willock, Sir Henry, born in 1788, he came from a large family which had made money in the West Indies. He and his younger brother George had entered the service of the East India Company at an early age as cornets in the 6th Madras Cavalry which in 1808 provided the escort for Harford Jones' mission. Henry travelled to Persia from Bombay with Jones as commandant of the escort and interpreter to the mission. He remained in Persia until 1830, mixing soldiering with diplomacy; particularly after campaigning with Persian forces against the Kurds, he turned to political work at the Legation in Tehran. He retired to London and was director of the East India Company from 1838 to 1858 and chairman in 1845. He died in 1858. Riddick; Wright

Willoughby, Charles Andrew, born 8 March 1892 at Heidelberg, Germany, and a graduate of Gettysburg (Pa.) College. He also studied at the University of Kansas. He was an army officer, and became chief of intelligence, Far Eastern Command, and in 1958, a member of the Committee on UnAmerican Activities of the House of Representatives. He wrote Economic and military participation of the United States in the World War (1931). He died 26 October 1972. Shavit - Asia; Who was who in America, 5

Willoughby, Sir John Edward Francis, born in 1913, he was a major-general in the British Army. From 1965 to 1967 he served as inspector-general of Federal Regular Army of South Arabia and security commander Aden State. He subsequently was until 1971 an adviser on defence to the Federation of Arab Emirates. He died in 1991. Who, 1971-1991

Wills, Charles James, born in 1842, he lived in Persia from 1866 to 1881, where he was with the IndoEuropean Telegraph Department. His writings include In the Land of the Lion and the Sun (1883), Persia as I see it (1886), its Persian translation in 1984, and Behind an Eastern veil (1894). He died in 1912. Master (3); Who was who, 1; Wright

Wills, Colin, born early 20th cent., he wrote White traveller in black Africa (London, 1951), Australian passport (London, 1953), and Who killed Kenya? (London, 1953). His trace is lost after an article in 1954. NUC, pre-1956 Wills, Geoffrey, pseudonym, born Cyril Staal in 1912, he published all his writings under the pseudonym: A Concise encyclopedia of antiques (1976), The Country Life collector's pocket book of glass (1979), and he was joint author of Le Meuble (1984). ConAu 113; LC Wills, John Treuwith, born in 1844 at Chester, he was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, London, and afterwards in Italy. About 1861 he went to Alexandria and joined the firm of the Egyptian Commercial and Trading Co., and later that of Messrs. Robert Corklin & Co. of Alexandria and Mansurah. At the latter place he was for some time acting British vice-consul. In 1870 he started the firm Wills, Manche & Co., Steamship Agents at Port Said and Suez. He was for about twelve years honorable vice-consul at Port Said to H.M. King Oscar of Sweden and Norway. He retired in 1889. He ocassionally acted during the Arabi Pasha revolt as The Times correspondent at Port Said. He died after 1905. Scottish geographical magazine, 2 (1886), pp. 411-415

Willson, Henry Beckles, born 26 August 1869 at Montreal, he was educated at Colborne and Kingston, Onto After graduating from Boston Law School in 1889, he worked as a journalist in England, returning to Canda in 1896. His writings include Occultism and common sense (1908), and Nova Scotia, the province that has been passed by (1911). He died in 1942. Canadian men and wome of the time, 1898-1912; MacDCD,1978; Master (1); Who, 1921-1936; Who was who, 4

Wilmans, Gustav Heinrich Clemens, born 30 December 1845 at JOterbog, Prussia, he studied philology and history at Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1867 for De sacerdotiorum p. p. R. quodam genere. He was a professor of classical history at Dorpat, and from 1872 to 1878 at StraBburg, where he died on 6 March 1878. In 1873-74 he visited Tunisia to pursue an interest in archaeology. His writings include Inscriptiones Africae latinae (1881-1916). Allgemeine deutsche Biogra-

phie, vol. 43, pp. 304-306

Wilme, Richard Fletcher, born 23 March 1849, he was a member of the Oxford circuit and since 1868 a student of the Middle Temple. He was called to the bar in 1872. His trace is lost after an article in 1898. Britlnd (1)

Wilmington, Martin Wiznitzer, born 2 February 1915 at Berlin, he studied at Berlin, Geneve, and Chicago. He served in the Mediterranean theatre during World War two as leader of a U.S. signal intelligence team. After the War he was a member of the Finance Department of Pace College and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Plecturer on technical questions for the American Association for U.N.O. He received a Ph.D. in 1960 from the United Nations and World Affairs Department, New York University, for Economic regionalism in the Middle East during World War II. His writings include The Middle East Supply Centre (1972). Note; Selim; Unesco

Wilner, Gabriel Michael, born in 1938, he was affiliated with the School of Law, University of Georgia, Athens, certainly from 1995 to 2002. He edited Domke on commercial arbitration (1984), and he was joint editor of Jus et societas (1979). LC; NatFacDr, 1995-2002 Wilser, Julius Ludwig, born 23 March 1888 at Wehr, Baden, he studied geology at Heidelberg, MOnchen, and Freiburg im Breisgau, where he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1914 for Die Rheintalflexur noraostlich von Basel. He was successively a professor at his alma mater and Heidelberg. He visited the Caucasus and Anatolia; during World War one he was an adviser to the German general staff. He edited Die Kriegsschauplatze 1914-1918 geologisch dargestellt (Berlin, 1928). He died in Heidelberg, 6 February 1949. KUrschner,1926-1935; Wer;sf's, 1928 Wilson, Alexander Johnstone, born in 1841 at Forglen, Banffshire, he was a newspaper editor and writer, and since 1892 proprietor and editor of the Investor's review. His writings include Banking reform (1879), and An Empire in pawn; being lectures and essays on Indian, colonial and domestic finance (1909). He died in 1921. Who,1903-1921; Who was who 2 Wilson, Andrew, born 6 December 1923 near Canterbury, England, and educated at Exeter College, Oxford, he was a journalist, radio newscaster,and personal assistant. Since 1992 he was director of the European Press Agency, Bruxelles. His writings include North from Kabul (1961), and The Aegean dispute (1979). ConAu 29-32; IntAu&W 1991; WrDr, 1976/78-2002 Wilson, Annie Dwight nee Rhea, daughter of Samuel Audley Rhea, born about 1860, she was married to the missioanry Samuel Graham Wilson. Wilson, Sir Archdale, born in 1803 at Kirby Cane, he entered the Bengal Artillery in 1819, and served at the siege of Bhurtpore from 1825-26. From 1848-49 he commanded the artillery with Wheeler's force in the Jullundar Doab, and in 1857 became brigadier-general and commander of the artillery at Meerut. For his performance during the siege of Delhi in the same year he was rewarded by a baronetcy. Archadale Wilson's letter during the Mutiny were published in 1916. He died in London in 1874. Bbritlnd; Buckland; CelCen; IndianBiind (4); Riddick

Wilson, lieut.-colonel Sir Arnold Talbot, M.P., born in 1884 and educated at Clifton College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he had a long and distinguished carrer as a political and consular officer in India and the Middle East. His writings include The Persian Gulf (1928), its Persian translation in 1987, The Suez Canal (1933), and S.W Persia; letters, 1907-1914 (1942), and its Persian translation in 1984. He died in the service of his country as pilot officer (air gunner) in the R.A.F. in 1940. Britlnd (1); Gabriel, pp. 162-75; JRCAS 28 (1941), pp. 127-131; Riddick; Who, 1932-1940; Who was who 3; Wright, p. 41

Wilson, Carle, born 19th cent., he was in 1922 an officier interprete with the Service regional des Renseignements at Fes and a member of the Societe de geographie du Maroc. Note Wilson, Charles Edward, according to various issues of Who's who, born in 1848, 1856 or 1858, he was educated at Swiss schools as well as privately. He was a graduate of the University of London, and obtained a Ph.D. and D.Lit. He was for fourteen years a professor of Persian at University College, London, and in 1918 Gilchrist scholar in Turkish. His many translations include Book two of The Ma~navi (1910), and Haft paikar(1924). He died in 1938. Who, 1905-1938; Who was who 3A, 4 Wilson, Sir Charles William, born in 1836, he was educated at Woolwich and entered the Royal Engineers in 1855, advancing to the rank of colonel in 1883. From 1864 to 1866 he was engaged in excavations in Palestine which led to the formation of the Palestine Exploration Fund. He was consulgeneral in Anatolia, 1879-82, served in the Egyptian campaign of 1882-83, and acted as head of the Intelligence Department during the Sudan campaign of 1884-85. His experiences in the Gordon relief expedition are embodied in his From Korti to Khartoum; a story of the desert march (1885). His other writings include Jerusalem, the holy city (1888). He died in 1905. Britlnd (6); CelCen; DNB; Hill Wilson, Miss Cynthia E. born about 1850, she was a Presbyterian missionary who went to India in 1876 and remained there until 1917 when she went to Southern California. She became known for her translations of the Bible and other books into Urdu and Punjabi.. She died 5 July 1930 at the Pasedena Hospital, where she had been confined since a fall she sustained ten months earlier. Note Wilson, Cyril Edward, colonel, born 9 March 1873. After passing through the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, he fought in the Omdurman campaign. In 1902 he joined the Sudan Government. He was Governor of the Red Sea Province, when in July 1916 he was posted to Jeddah as British Agent. He Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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was the main link between Cairo and Sharif Husayn, upon whose activities he reported at length for the Arab bulletin. He was particularly close to O. C. Wingate who referred to him as "one of the most trusted and valued officers." He died 6 July 1938. R. L. Bidwell, Arab bulletin 1 (1986 reprint), p. xxviii; Hill; Who was who, 3

Wilson, D., colonel, he was from 1827 to 1831 British Resident at Bushire, Persia.

Note; Wright, p. 190

Wilson, Epiphanius, born in 1845 in England, he was a clergyman who edited Arabian nights; selected tales (1900), Moorish literature (1901), Turkish literature (1901), and Arabian literature (1902). He died in New York in 1916. OcNAA Wilson, Ernest J. III, born 20th cent., he was in 1980 a member of the Political Science Department at the University of Michigan, and in 1995 a professor in the Department of Afro-American Studies, University of Maryland, College Park. He was joint author of The Decade of energy policy; policy analysis in oil-importing countries (1984). NatFacOr, 1995; Note Wilson, Eva, born 1 July 1925 at Stockholm, she was successively affiliated with the Arkeologiska Institutionen, Lunds Universitet, and the British Museum, London. Her writings include Early medieval designs from Britain (1983), and Islamic designs (1988). ConAu 146; LC Wilson, Evan Morris, born 20 January 1910 at Rosemont, Pa., he was a graduate of Haverford and Oxford and in 1937 entered the U.S. Foreign Service, where he spent most of his time in the Middle East. In addition to his Jerusalem post as minister-consul general, 1964-67, he was stationed in Beirut, Cairo, and Tehran. On his retirement in 1967 he was given the State Department's Superior Honor Award for his work during the 1967 crisis at Jerusalem. His writings include A Palestine entitty (1970), Jerusalem, key to peace (1970), and Decision on Palestine (1979). He died in Washington, D.C., 13 March 1984. ConAu 112, 129; NYT 15 March 1984, p. B12, col 1; Shavit Wilson, Frederick Alfred, born in 1863, he was a British Army officer who advanced to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. During the first World War he served in the Mesopotamian campaign. He died in 1932. Who, 1921-1932; Who was who 3 Wilson, Gilbert B., born 8 November 1867 at Newton Robison, Ont., he graduated in 1894 from the. University of Toronto, obtained a LL.B., from Knox College, Toronto, and a Dr.phil. in 1900 from the Unlversltat Halle for Beitrag zur Vorgeschichte der Auf/osung der Kloster in England und Wales, speciell unter der Regierung Heinrichs VIII. He was a clergyman in Canada and, since 1917, in the U.S., where he died some time after 1935. Canadian men and women of the time, 1912; WhAm 4 Wilson, Harold E., born about 1945, he was a graduate of the University of British Columbia, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1975 for Educational policies in a changing society; Singapore, 1918-1959. Thereafter he was a professor in the Department of Asian Studies, University of British Columbia, before his appointment at the University of Alberta, Edmonton. His writings include The Klang strikes of 1941 (1981). OrASCan, 1978, 1983 Wilson, Henry Schatz, born in 1824, he was a sometime editor of the Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers. He was a member of the Alpine Club whose writings include Alpine ascents and adventures (1978). He died in 1902. Britlnd (2), ONB, Suppl.. p. 127; Master (2) Wilson, Horace Hayman, born in 1786 at London, he entered the East India Company in 1808 as a surgeon in Bengal. He was a colonial and university administrator in India before he was appointed in 1832 Boden Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford, a post which he held until his death in London in 1860. His writings include Ariana antiqua (1841). BiO&SB; Boase; Britlnd (8); Buckland; OcBiPP; ONB; Master (3); I'Orient,I'Algerie et les colonies fram;aises 2 (1867), pp. 14-16,29-32; Riddick

Wilson, Ivan Ivanovich, 1836- see Vil'son, Ivan Ivanovich Wilson, J. Christy, born 22 July 1891 at Columbus, Neb., a graduate from the University of Kansas and Princeton Theological Seminary, he served for twenty years as a Presbyterian missionary at Tabriz. He was an editor of the Muslim world. His writings include A Grammar of Azerbajan Turkish (193-?), The Christian message to Islam (1950), Introduction to colloquial Kabul Persian (1955), and a work commissioned by the Iranian Government, 01.;:1 e::1~ e:.;I.:i (1938). He died in Duarte, Calif., 8 April 1973. NUC, pre-1956; Shavit; WhAm,6; WhoAm, 1974/75; WhoE,1957 Wilson, J. Christy, born in 1921, he was in 1982 a professor of missions and evangelism at Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary. His writings include Afghanistan, the forbidden harvest (1981). Wilson, J. V. Kinnier (Kinnear), born 20th cent., his writings include The Legend of Etana (Westminster, 1985). LC

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Wilson, John, born 11 December 1804 at Lauder, Berwickshire, he trained at Edinburgh for ministry in the Free Church of Scotland and went in 1824 to India as a missionary. He was also an Oriental scholar and vice-chancellor of Bombay University. His writings include a translation of the New Testament into Gujarati, and The Parsi religion (1843). He died near Bombay, 1 December 1875. DNB; EvLB; Riddick

Wilson, John Albert, born 12 September 1899 at Pawling, N.Y., he graduated from Princeton University and received his Ph.D. in 1926 at Chicago. He did post-doctoral work at Berlin and MOnchen. He was a professor at the University Chicago and for twenty years director of the Oriental Institute. His writings include The Burden of Egypt (19519. He died in 1976. ConAu 69-72; DrAS, 1969 H, 1974 H; Egyptology; Master (2); NatCAB, vol. 59 (1980), pp. 256-257; NYT 31 August 1976, p. 30, col. 5; WhAm 7

Wilson, Keith Malcolm, born 30 November 1944, he was a lecturer in modern history at the University of Leeds. His writings include The Political re-education of Germany (1985), A Study in the history and politics of "The Morning Post," 1905-1926 (1990), and he edited Imperialism and nationalism in the Middle East (1983), and British foreign secretaries and foreign policy, from the Crimean war to the first World War (1986). LC Wilson, Michael, born in 1914, he was a screen writer who "found it almost impossible to get work after he was blacklisted during the McCarthy era for alleged membership in the Communist Party." After the blacklisting he spent eight years in France. He is best remembered for his screenplay, Bridge on the River Kwai. He died in 1978. ConAu 77-80, 85-88; DLB 44 ii (1986), pp. 420-25; Washingto Post, 11 April 1978, p. C4, col. 3

Wilson, Peter Lambron, born in 1945, and educated at Columbia University, he was a journalist and a sometime editor of Sophia perennis as well as a consultant to the World of Islam Festival, London. His writings, partly under the pseudonym Ustad Selim, include The Winter calligraphy of Ustad Selim (1975), Scandal; essays in Islamic heresy (1988); he was joint author of King of love (1978), Weaver of tales; Persian picture rugs (1980); and he was joint translator of Nasir-i Khusrau; forty poems of the diwan (1977). IntWWP, 1977/78 Wilson, Ralph Darrell, born in 1892, he was educated at Epson College and subsequently served with the Royal Navy. In 1919 he entered the British consular service; from 1945 to 1949 he was consulgeneral in Alger. He died in 1967. Who,1948-1967; Who was who 6 Wilson, Robert T. 0., born 20th cent., he was a British diplomat in the Middle East. His writings include Gazetteer of historical north-west Yemen in the Islamic period to 1650 (1989), a work which was partly presented as his thesis. DrBSMES, 1993; Note Wilson, Sir Robert Thomas, born in 1777, he was a British general who published an account of the expedition to Egypt and created a considerable impression by its strictures upon French officers' barbarity. His writings include History of the British expedition to Egypt (1802), and its translation, L'Histoire de I'expedition de l'ermee britannique en Egypte (1803). He died in 1849. Michael Clover wrote Very slippery fellow, the life of Robert Wilson (1978). BiOLA; BiD&SB; Bioln; DcBiPP; DNB; EncBrit Wilson, Rodney James Alexander, born 16 May 1946 at Belfast, he was a graduate of Queen's University of Belfast, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1972. Since 1973 he was a lecturer in the economics of the Middle East at the University of Durham. His writings include Trade and investment in the Middle East (1977), The Economics of the Middle East (1979), Banking and finance in the Arab Middle East (1982), Gulf trade and finance (1987), and Cyprus and the international economy (1992). DrBSMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; Master (1); Note; Private; WhoWor, 1993/94

Wilson, Sir Roland Knyvelt, born in 1840 in England, he was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, and in 1867 admitted to the bar. He was from 1878 to 1892 a reader in Indian law at Cambridge. His writings include An Introduction to the study of Anglo-Muhammadan law (1894), and A Digest of Anglo-Muhammadan law (1895). He died in 1919. Britlnd (5); Who, 1903-1918; Who was who 2 Wilson, Mrs. S. G. see Wilson, Annie Dwight nee Rhea Wilson, Samuel Graham, born 11 February 1858 at Indiana, Pa., he graduated from Princeton University, and Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa. After his post-graduate course at Princeton he went out to Persia in 1880. While on furlough, he was married to Annie Dwight Rhea on 16 September 1886. For over thirty years he gave himself and his unusual gifts with tireless and energetic service to the work of Christian missions in Tabriz. His writings include Persian life and customs, with scenes and incidents of residence and travel (1895), Modern movements among Moslems (1916). During the last year of his life he was chairman of the Persian Commission of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief. He died in Tabriz, 2 July 1916. DAB; MW 7 (1917), pp. 191-195; Shavit; WhAm, 4 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Wilson, W. C. F., Major, O.B.E., he was a member of the Royal Central Asian Society and in 1937 living in London. Note Wilton, Sir Arthur John, K.C.M.G., K.C.V.O., M.C., born, born 21 October 1921 at London, he entered in 1947 the Diplomatic Service, where he also served in the Lebanon, Egypt and the Arab Gulf states. 7 He was a director of the Middle East Centre for Arabic Studies at Shemlan, 1960-65, ambassador to Kuwait, 1970-74, assistant Under-Secretary of State, F.C.O., 1974-76, ambassador to Saudi Arabia, 1976-79, director of London House for Overseas Graduates, 1979-86, and chairman, Arab-British Centre, 1981-86. IntWW, 1979-1989; Master (4); MidE, 1982/83; Note; Who, 1970-2003 Wilzer, Susanne Margarete nee Hopf, 1922- see Diwald, Susanne Margarete Wilzer nee Hopf Wimbush, S. Enders, born 21 February 1945, his writings include Alternatives for mobilizing Soviet Central Asian labor (1979), Iran's ethnic factions threaten to split the state (1980), he was joint author of Muslim national communism in the Soviet Union (1979), Soviet Central Asian soldiers in Afghanistan (1981), Mystics and commissars (1985), and he was joint editor of Passe turco-tatar, present sovtetique; etudes offertes a Alexandre Bennigsen (1986). Schoeberlein de Wimpffen, Emmanuel Felix, born 13 September 1811 at Laon (Aisne)he graduated from the military colleges of La Fleche and St-Cyr and in 1832 received a commission. as sous-lieutenant, and successively rose to the rank of general. After participating in the Crimean War, he became commander of the division of Alger from 1865 to 1868, and of Oran from 1869 to 1870. During the Franco-German war of 1870-71 he was recalled to metropolitan France to take charge of the Armee de Sedan, but put in the unenviable position of having to sign the capitulation. He died on 25 February 1884 having written a book justifying his conduct at Sedan, La nation ermee (1871). Peyronnet, 260-261

Winckel, W. A. P. F. L., born 19th cent., his writings include De Rechtsbedeeling onder de inlanders en daarmede gelijkgestelden op Java en de Buitenbezittingen (Batavia, 1884). Brinkman's, 1901-1910 Winckler, capitaine A., born 19th cent. see Winkler, Auguste Winckler, Hugo, born 4 July 1863 at Grafenhainichen, Anhalt, he was a scholar of ancient Near Eastern studies and received a Dr.phil. in his field in 1886 at Berlin. His writings include Arabisch Semitisch - Orientalisch; kulturgeschichtlich mythologische Untersuchung (1901), a work which opened the way for a historical approach to the rise of Islam and was favourably reviewed by C. H. Becker in his obituary of Winckler. He died in Berlin, 19 April 1913. Islam 4 (1913), pp. 301-302; Schwarz van Windekens, Albert Joris, born in 1915, his writings include Lexique etymologique des dialectes tokhariens (Louvain, 1941), and Le tokharien conttonte avec les autres langues inao-earopennes (Louvain, 1976-1982). He died 28 March 1989. LC

Winder, Richard Bayley, born 11 September 1928 at Greensboro, N.C., he served during World War two and graduated in 1946 from Haverford. In 1947 he married P. K. Hitti's daughter Viola. He received a Ph.D. in 1950 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled A history of the Su'ual State from 1233/1818 until 1308/1891. He successively taught Middle Eastern subjects at Princeton and New York University. He was joint author, with Farhat Ziadeh, of An Introduction to modern Arabic (1957). He died 6 August 1988. ConAu 17-20, 126; DrAS,1969-1982H; Index Islamicus (2); Master (1); MidE, 1982/83; NYT, 9 August 1988, p. D-20; WhAm 9; WhoAm, 1974-1988/89; WrDr, 1974/76-1984/86 Selim

Winderlich, Rudolf Friedrich Emil, born 26 May 1876 at Iserlohn, Germany, he studied natural sciences, mainly chemistry, at Leipzig, Halle and Berlin. He was a teacher at secondary schools, since 1927 at Oldenburg. His writings include Chemie und Kultur (1927), and Chemie formt Wirtschaft und Kultur(1941). KOrschner,1925-19351; DtBiind (1); Werist's, 1928, 1935

Windfuhr, Gernot Ludwig, born 2 August 1938 at Essen, Germany, he studied at Hamburg, Koln, Tehran, and received a Dr.phil. in 1965 at Hamburg for Verbalmorpheme im Sangesari. After spending two years at the Universitat Kiel, he went to the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor as a professor of Near Eastern and Iranian studies, a post which he still held in 2002. His writings include Persian grammar; history and state of its study (1979). BioB134; DrAS, 1969-1982 F; NatFacDr, 2002; WhoAm, 1982-1986/87;

WhoRel,1992

Windfuhr, Walter, born 6 May 1878 at Hamburg, he was a Hebrew scholar and from 1907 to 1933 a pastor at St. Katherinen-Kirche, Hamburg. In 1924 the Universitat Heidelberg conferred on him a Dr.h.c. He edited and translated Baba messia, "Mittlere Ptorte" des Civilrechts (1923). He died in Hamburg, 22 May 1970. HdDtWiss; KOrschner, 1950-1966; Sezgin Windisch, Ernst Wilhelm Oscar, born 14 September 1844 at Dresden, he studied classical and German philology from 1863 to 1867 at Leipzig, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1867 for De hymnis Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Homericis Maioribus. He received his Dr.habil. in 1869 for Ober den Ursprung des Relativpronomens in den indogermanischen Sprachen. He spent a year in London, where he collaborated with the production of theCatalogue of the Sanskrit manuscripts in the Library of the India Office (1887). He was a professor at Stral1burg from 1875 to 1877, when he returned to Leipzig to the chair of Indian studies and Celtic languages. Concurrently he was for twenty-two years an editor of the ZDMG. He died in Leipzig, 30 October 1918. DtBE; DtBiind (1), IndianBilnd (1); Stache-Rosen, pp. 101-102; Werist's, 1909-1912

Windsor, Philip, born 14 September 1935 at New Delhi, he was a sometime lecturer in international relations at LSE and affiliated with the International Institute for Strategic Studies, London. His writings include City on leave; a history of Berlin, 1945-1962 (1963), the booklet, NATO and the Cyprus crisis (1964), and Oil; a plain man's guide to the world's energy crisis (1975). ConAu 5-8, new rev., 8; LC Winfield, David, born in 1929, he was a surveyor of conservation for the National Trust. He was joint author of The Byzantine monuments and topography of the Pontos (Washington, D.C., 1985). LC Wingate, Sir Francis Reginald, born in 1861 at Broadfield, Renfrewshire, he was educated at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He had a long an distinguished career in Egypt and East Africa and retired in 1922 with the rank of general. His writings include Mahdism and the Egyptian Sudan (1891). Sir Ronald E. L. Wingate wrote Wingate of the Sudan ...; maker of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (c1955, 1975). He died in 1953. DNB; Goldschmidt; WhE&EA; Who,1936-1953; Who was who 5 Wingate, George, born in 1852, he entered the Army in 1871 and served in India. He was a founder of the Central Asian Mission, and a member of the Board of the Regions Beyond Missionary Union. He retired with the rank of colonel and died in 1936. Note; Who, 1909-1936; Who was who 3 Wingate, Orde Charles, born in 1903, he was educated at a military academy and later served in the Sudan and Trans-Jordan. Luigi Rossetto wrote Major-General Orde Charles Wingate and the development of long-range penetration (1982). He died in 1944. Hill; Master (22); Who was who 4 Wingate, Rachel Orde, born 9 October 1900 at Murree, Punjab, the eldest daughter of Colonel George Wingate, she was educated at Priors Field, Goldalming, and at Newnham College, Cambridge, where she took the Historical Tripos and the Oriental Tripos (Arabic and Persian), two languages which she studied under E. G. Browne. On leaving Cambridge she became assistant librarian at SOAS. In 1924 she joined the Swedish Mission in Chinese Turkestan. She made the journey from Leh, Ladakh, to Yarkand, Sinkiang, in forty-two marches on a pony over seven mountains passes, the highest of which was the Karakoram (18,500 ft.). As a result of the four and a half years during which she worked as an honorary member for the Swedish Mission, she published the unidentified article "The steep ascent; the story of the Christian Church in Turxesten" On her return journey to India in 1929 she crossed the Himalayas by an alternative route via Gilgit, and was the only European in the caravan. On arrival in England she collaborated with Sir Denison Ross in the production of Dialogues in the Eastern Turkish dialect (1934). She next spent first two years' teaching in the Jerusalem Girls' College and then another two years at the College of the British Mission in Beirut. When war broke out she was asked to join the Ministry of Information on account of her knowledge of Swedish and of Central Asia. On the termination of hostilities she became secretary of the Royal Central Asian Society; and in 1947 she added the duties of assistant secretary of the Palestine Exploration Fund. She died quite suddenly of heart failure following a heavy cold, 11 June 1952. JRCAS 40 (1953), pp. 300-301 Wingate, Sir Ronald Evelyn Leslie, born in 1889, he was a graduate of Balliol College, Oxford. In 1912 he entered the Indian Civil Service. He was employed in the Indian Political Service and also served in Mesopotamia. His writings include a biography of Sir Francis Reginald and Not in the limelight (1959). He died in 1978. IndianBiind (3); Master (1); Riddick; Who, 1936-1978; Wholndia,1936; Who's who in India, Burma & Ceylon 1937, p. 550,1938, p. 238; Who was who 7

Winger, Faith L., born 24 March 1924 at Niagara Falls, N.Y., she graduated in 1945 from Houghton College and successively taught at in Essex Falls, N.Y. and Aleppo, before becoming a librarian in Beirut. BiDrLUS, 1970 Wingfield Digby, George Frederick, 1911-1989 see Digby, George Frederick Wingfield Winkelhane, Gerhard (Gerd), born about 1945, he was joint author, with Klaus Schwarz, of Der osmanischen Statthalter Iskender Pascha und seine Stiftungen in Agypten und am Bosporus (1985). MESA Roster of members, 1990

Winkler (Winckler), Auguste, born 19th cent., he was a French capitaine with an interest in Roman antiquities in North Africa, and he was affiliated with the Biarritz-Association. His writings include Le Camp romain de Saint-Gence (Limoges, 1912. BN

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659 Winkler, Erhart, born 12 April 1921 at Wien, he studied mechanical culture (Kulturtechnik) at Hochschule fur Bodenkultur, Wien, and geography and ethnology at the universities of Wien and ZOrich, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1948 at Wien for Der landschaftliche Gestaltwandel im tropischen Westafrika unter dem EinfluB der eurooeiscnen Kolonisation. He joined in 1949 the Geographisches Institut in the Hochschule fur Welthandel, Wien, as a lecturer. He was a professor of economic geography at St. Gallen from 1965 to 1971, when he was invited to teach at Wirtschafts-Universitat, Wien. His writings include Die Wirtschaft von Zonguldak, TOrkei (1961). Kurschner, 1970-2003; WhoAustria, 1964-1982/83 Winkler, Hans Alexander, born 9 August 1900 at Bremerhaven, he studied ethnology and Semitic philology and received a Dr.phil. in 1925 from the Unlversitat TObingen for Dber das Wesen und die Herkunft einiger arabischer Zaubercharaktere. After receiving a Dr.habil. in 1928, he served as a lecturer in TObingen until dismissed in 1933. Until 1938 he pursued an interest in ancient Egyptian studies in Egypt. He was killed in action in Poland in 1945. Egyptology; Kurschner, 1931, 19351; Schwarz; Zeitschrift (OrReligionswissenschaften 3 (1995), pp. 137-161

Winkworth, William Wilberforce, born in 1897 at London, he was educated at Winchester College, whence he secured an exhibition in classics to Balliol College, Oxford. After the terrible war experience he found it hard to settle to his post-War studies at Balliol, going down in 1922 without a degree to join the Department of Ceramics and Ethnography at the British Museum, London. In 1926 he voluntarily resigned. He remained a collector of ceramics, a field in which he had been interested from early youth. Financial pressures after World War two induced him to take part-time employment cataloguing Japanese artifacts first at Glendings, then, from about 1948 to 1970, at Sotheby's. He died 8 February 1991. Burlington magazine 133 (September 19919, pp. 622-623 Winner, Thomas Gustav, born T. G. Wiener 4 May 1917 at Prag, he received a Ph.D. in 1950 from Columbia University for Kazakh oral art and literature. He was successively a professor of Russian philology at Duke University, Durham, N.C., and a professor of Slavic languages and comparative literature at Brown University. His writings include The oral art and literature of the Kazakhs of Russian Central Asia (1958), and he was joint editor of The peasant and the city in eastern Europe (1984). ConAu 37-40, new rev., 15; DrAS, 1974-1982 F; Master (1); WhoAm, 1976-1994

Winnett, Frederick Victor, born 25 May 1903 at Oil Springs, Ont., he received his Ph.D. in 1928 from the University of Toronto, where he subsequently taught ancient Near Eastern Studies and eventually became head of the Department of Near Eastern Studies. He participated in archaeological and epigraphical surveys of northern Arabia in 1962 and 1967. His writings include A Study of the Lihyanite and Thamudic inscriptions (1937), and Ancient records from North Arabia (1970). He died in 1989. Bioln 17; Canadian, 1970-1989; ConAu 37-40; DrAS, 1969-1982 F; Master (1); WrDr, 1976/78-1988/90

Winocour, Jack, born 6 October 1913 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he was a union official and an editor.

Who's

who in labor, 1946

Winocour, Jack Emanuel, born 13 April 1913 at Glasgow, Scotland, he graduated in 1935 from Magdalen College, Oxford, and in 1936 was called to the bar from Inner Temple. Since 1950 he lived in the U.S.A. He contributed to popular publications and magazines. WhoWorJ,1955 Winstedt, Sir Richard Olaf, born in 1878 at Oxford, he was educated at Magdalen College and New College, Oxford. He entered the Colonial Civil Service and later served as a reader in Malay at the University of London. His writings include A History of Malaya (1935), Britain and Malaya, 1786-1941 (1944), and Start from alif, count from one; an autobiographical memoire (1969). He died in 1966.

Au&Wr, 1963; CentBritOr, pp. 248-56; DNB; WhE&EA; Who was who, 6

Wint, Frank Guy Atherton, born in 1910 at London, he graduated in 1931 from Oriel College, Oxford. He was a research secretary with the League of Nations, officer on special duty, Government of India, political advisor, Control Commission for Germany, journalist, and during his last years affiliated with St. Antony's College, Oxford. His writings include South Asia; unity and disunity (1954), Spotlight on Asia (1955), and he was joint author of The Middle East crisis (1957). He died in 1969. ConAu 1-4, new rev.,3; Au&Wr, 1963

Winter, Henry James Jacques, born 3 October 1912, he gained an M.A. and Ph.D. in history and philosophy of science, and became a lecturer in his subject. His writings include The History of scientific thought, with special reference to Asia (1951), Eastern science (1952), and The Life and thought of Avicenna (1952). Who's who in British science, 1953 Winter, Michael, born 1 November 1939 (according to his letter) at Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, he was a graduate of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and received a Ph.D. in 1972 from UCLA for The writings of 'Abd al-Wahhab ash-Sha'rani (1493-1565), a Sufi source for the social and intellectual life of sixteenth-century Egypt. He became a professor of Middle Eastern history at the University of TelWolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Aviv. His writings include Society and religion in early Ottoman Egypt (1982), and Egyptian society under Ottoman rule (1992). MESA Roster of members, 1990; Private; Selim

Winter, Myrtle, born early 20th cent., she was joint author of Film-making on a low budget; the UnescoUnRWA pilot project (Paris, 1960). NUC, 1956-67 Winter, Werner, born 25 October 1923 at Haselau, Germany, he received a Dr.phil. in 1950 from the Unlversltat Bern for Studien zum ''prothetischen Vokal" im Griechischen (1950). He taught linguistics at Hamburg, Lawrence, Kans., and Austin, Texas, before being appointed a professor at Kiel. In 1984 he was granted a Dr.h.c. by Uniwersytet Poznanski. He was joint author, with A.von Gabain, of TOrkische Tufantexte (1958), and he edited Anredeverhalten (1984), and Languages and cultures (1988). DrAS, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; Kurschner, 1966-2003; WhoWor, 1980, 1991/92 Winterford, David Bruce, born in 1949, he studied economics at Vanvouver, B.C., and Nairobi, and received his Ph.D. in 1979 from the University of British Columbia for Creative development; the political economy of the urban informal sector in Kenya. In 1983 he was appointed a professor of national security and foreign affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Calif., a post which he still held in 1996. He was joint author of Economic causes and consequences of defense expenditures in the Middle East and South Asia (1995). NatFacDr,1996; Note about the author Winters, Christopher, born in 1944, he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from the University of California at Berkeley for Cities of the Pondo; the geography of urbanism in the interior Niger delta of Mali. He was general editor of the International dictionary of anthropologists (1991). NUC, 1973-77 Winters, Clyde-Ahmad, born 20th cent., his writings include Mao or Muhammad; Islam in the People's Republic of China (1979). His trace is lost after the publication of his article "Going back to the roots" in Afkar - Inquiry, vol. 2, no. 4 (April, 1985), pp. 56-57. Winz, Helmut, born 5 September 1908, he received a Dr.phil. in 1932 at Berlin for Beitrage zur Kulturgeographie des Oberinntals. He edited Das Lendchen Glin, Mark Brandenburg (1937). GV Wirgin, Jan Christer, born 15 June 1932 at Stockholm, he studied fine art at Stockholms Universitet, where he also received a doctorate in 1970. He subsequently taught Far Eastern art at Stockholm. From 1981 to 1998 he was director of the Ostasiatiska Museet, Stockholm. His writings include Sung ceramic designs (1970), and Ostasiatiska Museet 1963-1983 (1983). Vem er oet, 1983-2001; Who's who in the world, 1978/79

Wirsing, Giselher, born 15 April 1907 at Schweinfurt, Germany, he studied politial economy and received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1932 at Heidelberg. He was from 1933 to 1945 an editor and editor-in-chief of a variety journals. Prevented from journalistic activities immediately after the war, he was from 1954 to 1970 editor-in-chief of the weekly, Christ und Welt. His writings include Deutschland in der Weltpolitik (1933), Hundert Familien beherrschen das Empire (1940), its translations, Cent families dominent I'Empire britannique (1940), One hundred families rule the British Empire (1940), Le cento famiglie commandado I'Impero (1942), and Englander, Juden, Araber in Petestine (1938). He died in Stuttgart, 23 September 1975. DtBE; KDtLK, 1952-1973; Master (1); Weristwer, 1950,1971/73 Wirth, Albrecht H., born 8 or 11 March 1866 at Frankfurt am Main, he studied history at Bonn, ZOrich, Jena, TObingen, Halle, Prag, Wien, Roma, and Paris and received a Dr.phil. in 1888 from the Unlversltat Bonn for Questiones Severiane. He visited South Africa in 1892, lectured at Chicago, and travelled to Japan by way of Mexico. In the late 1890s he was a war correspondent in southern Manchuria, South Africa, and in 1900 in China. After gaining a Dr.habil. in colonial and world history at MOnchen, he became secretary-general of the MOnchener Orientalische Gesellschaft. His writings include Aus orientalischen Chroniken (1894), Marokko (1908), TOrkei und Persien (1908), Die Zukunft der TOrkei (1909), Geschichte der TOrken (1912), Rasse und Volk (1914), and Vorderasien und Agypten (1916). He died in Tittmoning, 26 June 1936. Deutsche biographische Enzyklopadie (1995-2000); Kurschner, 1925-1935; Wer ist's, 1909-1928

Wirth, Alfred, born 5 March 1875 at Osternienburg, Anhalt, he received a Dr.phil. in 1897 at Halle for Untersuchungen Ober formelhafte und typische Elemente in der englisch-schottischen Volksballade. He was an ethnographer and a director of a Dessau gymnasium. His writings include Tod und Grab in der schottisch-englischen Volksballade (1914). He died 24 August 1965. Kurschner, 1950-1966

Wirth, Eugen, born 12 May 1925 at WOrzburg, he received a Dr.habil. in 1959 at Hamburg for Agrargeographie des Irak. Since 1964 he was a professor of geography at the Universitat Erlangen, and later director of its Geographisches Institut. His writings include Landschaft und Mensch im Binnendelta des Unteren Tigris (1955), and Die orientalische Stadt im islamischen Vorderasien and Nordafrika (2000). Kurschner, 1966-2003; Note; Schwarz Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Wirth, Peter, born in 1947, he received a Lic.rer.pol. and became a financial periodical editor. His writings include Hilfe ohne Geschenke (Basel, 1979), and Die zweite Saule (ZOrich, 1984). LC Wirz, Albert, born in 1944, he received a Dr.phil. and Dr.habil. at ZOrich and was a professor of modern history, with special reference to Africa, at ZOrich and Berlin. His writings include Vom Sklavenhandel zum kolonialen Handel (1972), Krieg in Afrika; die nachkolonialen Konflikte in Nigeria, Sudan, Tschad und Kongo (1982), and he was joint author of Europaische Kolonialherrschaft, 1880-1940 (1976). He died in 1989. KOrschner, 1992-2001; NYT, 22 November 1989, p. 018, col. 1, NYT, 24 November 1989, p. 08, col. 3; LC Wischnitzer, Rachel (Rahel) nee Bernstein, born 1885 at Minsk, she was married to the historian Mark W. She was an architect and art historian, and a joint publisher of EepeucKafi MblCflb and Pycoee» mycn». From 1922 to 1924 she edited the Jewish art journal Rimmon (Rimon). She established the fine arts department of Stern College at Yeshiva University, New York, from which she retired in 1968 as a professor emerita. Her writings include Symbole und Gestalten der jOdischen Kunst (1935), and The Messianic theme in the paintings of the Dura Synagogue (1948). She died in 1989. BioHbOtE; Bioln 17; CnOiAmJBi; ConAu 130; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972; Wininger Wise, A. G., born 19th cent., he was in 1908 secretary of the Overseas League, London. Note Wise, Hilary, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1970 from SOAS for Syntax of the verb phrase in colloquial Egyptian Arabic. His writings include A Transformational grammar of spoken Egyptian Arabic (1975), and Arabic at a glance; phrase book and dictionary for travellers (1987). Sluglett Wise, James Fownes Norton, born 18 June 1834, he received an M.D. in 1855 and retired as a surgeon on 1 January 1877. His writings include Notes on the races, castes, and trades of Eastern Bengal (1883), and Notes of a medical officer during the Great Mutiny of 1857 (1894). He died in Ramsgate, 11 July 1886. BLC; IndianBilnd (1) Wise, Thomas Frank, born 23 December 1924 at London, he studied economics at Cambridge and served as a profesor of economics at the University of Peshawar, 1954-57, lecturer at McGill University, Montreal, 1958-59, and dean and head of department at the University of Khartoum. Unesco Wiseman, Herbert Victor, born 15 October 1909 at London, he studied at the University of London, Balliol College, Oxford, and Leeds University, where he took a Ph.D. in 1956 in colonial government. He was a grammar school teacher, 1931-43, and an educational officer in the British West Indies, 1943-47. Since 1961 he was successively a lecturer in government at Leeds, and Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa. His writings include A Short history of the British West Indies (1950), and Politics, the master science (1969). He died in 1969. Au&Wr,1963; LC; Unesco Wismer, Donald Richard, born 27 December 1946 at Chicago, he was educated at Indiana University and Southern Connecticut State College. He was a librarian and a writer of science fiction. His writings include The Islamic Jesus; an annotated bibliography (1977) as well as science fiction stories. Bioln 16; ConAu 109, new rev., 28; Master (3); WhoLibl, 1982

Wissa-Wassef, Centre d'etudes wrote Pratiques Remses Wissa 1983). LC; Note

Ceres (Jirjis), born 20th cent., he was a scholar who in 1973 was affiliated with the des relations internationales, Fondation Nationales des Sciences Politiques, and who rituelles et alimentaires des Coptes (Le Caire, 1971), Tapisseries de I'atelier de Wassef, Egypte (Paris, 1973), and Egypt; photographs by Albano Guatti (London,

von WiBmann, Hermann, born in 1895 at Etzweiler, Prussia, he grew up at his father's estate in Ennstal. Invalided home towards the end of the Great War, he continued his study of geography and botany at MOnchen,where he received his Dr.phil. in 1923 and a Dr.habil. in 1935. From 1931 to 1937 he was a professor at Nanking. He was also interested in southwestern Arabia which he repeatedly visited. In 1976 he was granted an honorary doctorate by the Universitat Wien. He was joint author of Die Rathjens-von Wil3mannsche SOdarabienreise (1931-34), Hadhramaut; some of its mysteries unveiled (1932), Beitrage zur historischen Geographie des vorislamischen SOdarabien (1953), and Die Geschichte von Saba (1975). He died in Zell am See, 5 September 1979. DtBE; OtBilnd (10); KOrschner, 1966; Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft 65 (1979), pp. 41-50

von WiBmann, Hermann Wilhelm Leopold LudWig, born 4 September 1853 at FrankfurtlOder, he entered the Berlin cadet corps and in 1874 graduated from the war college as lieutenant. He subsequently studied natural sciences, geography and ethnology at the Universitat Rostock. In the service of Deutsche Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft he crossed Equatorial Africa from west to east from 1881 to 82; and in the service of Leopold II of Belgium he explored the Congo from 1883 to 85. As commissioner of German East Africa, he crushed the rebellion of Arab slave traders with the help of the first German colonial force, 1888-91. From 1895 to 96 he was governor of German East Africa. After untimely and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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disappointedly resigning his service in imperial Germany in 1899, he acquired Gut Langpolten, an estate in Weir1enbach near Liezen, Austria. His writings include Meine zweite Durchquerung Aquatoria/-Afrikas (1890), its translation, My second journey through Equatorial Africa (1891), and In den Wildnissen Afrikas und Asiens; Jagderlebnisse (1901). He died in a hunting accident in Weir1enbach, Styria, 15 June 1905. BbD; BiD&SB; DtBE; Museon 92 (1979), pp. 387-94; Whowas who 1 Witelo (Vitelo), born about 1220 in Poland, he was a philosopher about whose life very little is known. Whatever there is must be inferred from scattered remarks in his Perspectiva, a work which reflects the teachings of Greeks and Arabs. His modern editions include Teorema della bellezza (1958), Opticae thesaurus; Alhazeni Arabis Iibri septem nuncprimum editi (1972), and Witelonis Perspectivae Iiber primus Book I of Witelo's Perspectiva; an English translation (1977). He died about 1270. ADtB,

=

vol. 43, pp. 556-8; DcScB; DtBilnd (1); Dziekan; NEP; Polski (3)

Withof, Johann Philipp Lorenz, born 1 June 1725 at Duisburg, he studied classical philology, philosophy, and history at the local university but changed to medicine in 1743. In 1747 he went to Utrecht and Leiden, where he received his medical doctorate in 1747. He subsequently practised medicine in Lingen, Lower Saxony; he received a Dr.habil. at Duisburg, where he then taught at the faculty of medicine. With the exception of five years, he was successively, since 1752, a professor of history rhetoric and moral philosophy at Hamm and Duisburg, where he died on 3 July 1789. His writings include Das meuchelmorderische Reich der Assassaninen (Leipzig, 1765). ADtB, vol. 43, pp. 559-63; DtBE Witkam, Januarius Justus, born 27 December 1945 at Leiden, where he received all his education and his Ph.D. in 1989 for his thesis De egyptische arts Ibn a/-Akfani en zijn indeling van de wetenschappen. He was a Middle East codicologist, bibliophile, and a printer with his own hand-operated press. From 1974 to 1979 he was keeper of Middle East manuscripts at the Osterse Afdeeling van de Leidse Universiteitsbibliotheek, and since 1980 its director. In 1986 he founded the periodical Manuscripts of the Middle East. His writings include Seven specimens of Arabic manuscripts in the library of the University of Leiden (1978); he was joint-author with Wim Raven of the Concordance et indices de la tradition musulmane (1988); and he jointly translated from the Arabic of Ibn Hazm, De ring van de duif (1977). For many years he was president of the International Middle East Libraries Committe, MELCOM International. Private Witsen, Nicolaas, born in 1641 at Amsterdam, he received a doctorate in law on 11 July 1664 at Leiden for De Senatsconsulto Macedoniano. He subsequently travelled in eastern and southeastern Europe. In 1671 he was appointed town councillor of Amsterdam and later entered national politics. His writings include Noord en oost Tartarye (1692), and its partial translation, Berichte abet die uralischen Volker (1975). He died in Amsterdam in 1717. BiBenelux (11); NieuwNBW 4 (1918), cols. 1473-79 Witte, Johannes, born 19 February 1877 at Silligsdorf, Pomerelia, he received doctorates in 1903 at Erlangen for Der Kommentar des Aponius zum Hohenliede, and in 1915 at Bonn for Das Buch des Marco Polo als Quelle far die Religionsgeschichte. He was a pastor, a sometime director of the Ostasien-Mission, and a professor at Berlin. His writings include Das Jenseits im G/auben der Volker (1929). He died in Buch near Berlin, 7 August 1945. DtBE; DtBilnd (1); KOrschner,1926-1935; Master (1); RHbDtG

Wittek, Paul, born 11 January 1894 at Baden near Wien, he was educated in the evening glow of the Habsburg monarchy and at the bottom of his heart he remained a son of k.u.k. Osterreich throughout his life. His university study in Wien was interrupted by the fateful summer of 1914. Wounded at the Russian front in Galicia in the early months of the war, he later served on the Isonzo; finally, from 1917, he spent the remainder of the war on secondment in Turkey, serving in Constantinople and later in Syria. In 1921 he received a doctorate in classics from the Universitat Wien. The 1920s were for him years of uncertainty, during which he supported himself by journalism. In 1929 he took up a post at Deutsches Archaoloqlsches Institut in Istanbul. In 1933 he quickly renounced a position which rendered him a civil servant in the employ of the Reich, and a year later found refuge in Bruxelles, where he established a connection with the Universlte Iibre. After the invasion of Belgium he escaped via Dunkerque to Britain, where he was to spend most of the rest of his life. In 1948 he was appointed to the newly-created chair of Turkish in the University of London, a post which he held until his retirement in 1961. His writings include Das Fursienium Mentesche (1934), and The rise of the Ottoman Empire (1938). He died near London, 13 June 1978. Islam 56 (1979), pp. 9-10; KOrschner, 1928/29, 1931,1935; Welt des Islams 38 (1998), pp. 386-405

Wittelsberger, Helmut, born 29 September 1936 at Hohr-Grenzhausen, Germany, he trained as a bank clerk, 1953-56. After studying at an economic collegiate institute he studied political economy at Frankfurt/Main and Bonn. He received his doctorate in 1967 at the Universltat Koln for Beziehungen zwischen wirtschaftlichem Wachstum und AuBenhandel. He became affiliated with the Commission of Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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the European Communities. His writings include Monetary assets and inflation induced distortions of the national accounts (1984). Thesis

Wittgenstein, Emil FOrstzu Sayn, 1824-1878 see Sayn Wittgenstein Berleburg, Emil FOrstzu Witthauer, Kurt, born about 1900, he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1933 for Der Durchgangsverkehr durch Deutschland. His writings include Die Staaten der Erde (Gotha, 1959), VerteiJung und Dynamik der Erdbevolkerung (Gotha, 1969), and Politische Gliederung der Erde (Gotha, 1974). Wittich, Johann Siegmund, born 17th cent., his writings include Kurze Anleitung zur Auffindung der Stammbuchstaben in der arabischen Sprache (Wittenberg, 1798), Interpretatio loci arabici ex opere Avicennae (Wittenberg, 1803), and AnfangsgrOnde der arabischen Sprache, nebst einigen Lockmannschen [Luqman] Fabeln (Wittenberg, 1812). DtBiind (1) Wittkower, Rudolf J., born 22 June 1901 at Berlin, he studied fine art at MOnchenand Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1923 with a thesis on Italian Renaissance painters. He subsequently found employ at the Bibliotheca Hertziana, Roma, until 1933, when he emigrated to the U.K. to become affiliated with Warburg Institute, and concurrently since 1949 with the University of London. Since 1956 he was at Columbia University, N.Y.C., where he died on 11 October 1971. His writings include Architectural BioHbDtE; CnDiAmJBi; ConAu 33-36; DNB; DrAS, 1969 H; DtBE; principles in the age of humanism (1949). Master (1); NYT, 12 October 1971, p. 47, cols. 1-2; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972

Wittmann, Michael, born 13 June 1870 at Berg near Neumark, Bavaria, he received a Dr.phil. in 1899 at MOnchenfor Die SteJlungdes hI. Thomas von Aquin zu Avencebrol. After teaching philosophy at the Lyzeum in Eichstatt, he was successively a professor of philosophy and history at the universities of MOnchen and Berlin. His writings include Die Ethik des Aristoteles (1920). He died 30 September 1948. DtBilnd (2); Kurschner,1925-1940/41; Werist's, 1922-28 Wittschell , Leo, born about 1900, he received a Dr.phil. in 1924 from the Unlversitat Konigsberg for Die vakiscnen vemeltnisse in Masuren und dem sOdlichen Ermland. His writings include Klima und Landschaft in Tripolitanien (1928), and Unser OstpreuBen (1934). GV Wittstein, Armin Arthur Eginhard, born 13 July 1846 at MOnchen, he studied at MOnchen, Berlin, and Leipzig and received a Dr.phil. in 1871 at Erlangen for Geschichte des Malfatti'schen Problems. In 1874-75 he accompanied a German expedition to Kerguelen Islands as an astronomer. From 1876 to 1877 he was an assistant at Deutsche Seewarte Hamburg. He subsequently was a private scholar whose writings include Historisch-astronomische Fragmente aus der orientalischen Literatur (1892). His trace is lost after an article in 1907. DtBiind (1) Witty, Cathie J., born 20th cent., she received a Ph.D. in 1975 from University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled The struggle for progress; the socio-political realities of legal pluralism (in Lebanon). She was first affiliated with Bryn Mawr College, Pa., and, in 1982, with the Department of Human Development, California State University, Hayward. Her writings include Mediation and society; conflict management in Lebanon (1980). MESA Roster of members, 1982; Selim 2 Wodak, Ernst Felix, born 26 February 1918 at Wien, he emigrated to Palestine in 1938 and became a business executive. WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978 Wodie, Francis, born about 1936 in COte d'ivoire, he received a doctorate in law and successively taught at the faculties of law in Alger and Abidjan. His writings include Les Institutions internationales regionales en Afrique occidentale et centrale (Paris, 1970). AfricaWW,1996; Note Woepcke, Franz, born 6 May 1826 at Dessau, Anhalt, he studied mathematics and physics at Berlin, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1847 for Disquisitiones archaeologico-mathematicae circa solaria veterum. At the suggestion of Alexander von Humboldt he turned to research on Arabic mathematical manuscripts and began to study Arabic and astronomy at Bonn, receiving a Dr.habil. in 1850. He subsequently went to Paris, where he died on 24 March 1864. His writings include L'Algebre d'Omar Alkhayyaml (1851), Extrait du Fakhrl, traite d'algebre par Alkarkhl [Karaji] (1853), Sur /'introduction de J'arithmetique indienne en Occident (1859), and Trois trenes arabes sur Ie compas parfait (1874). ADtB, vol. 44, pp. 209-210; DcScB; Fuck, p. 204; DrBilnd (3); Bullettino di bibliografia e di storia 2 (1869), pp. 119-132

Wohlers-Scharf, Traute, born in 1938, she studied at Wien, gaining a Dr.jur, and Dr.rer.pol. in 1960 and 1962 respectively. After two years with Johns Hopkins University, she worked in various capacities at Bologna, Wien, Dakar, Wien, and Paris. Her writings, partly under her maiden name, Traute Scharf, include Finanzierungsprobleme bei den Entwicklungslandern (1965), Les Banques et les fonds arabes de devetcopemeni (1978), Arab and Islamic banks (1983), Les Banques arabes et islamiques (1983), and she was joint author of Arabische und islamische Banken (1984). Note Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Wohlert, Vilhelm, born 27 May 1920 at Kebenhavn, he graduated in 1944 from the Kunstakademiet. His foreign study visits also brought him to Tunisia and Egypt. He was from 1968 to 1986 a professor of architecture at the Kunstakademiet and also served as a Unesco adviser to Afghanistan, the Yemen, Morocco, and Turkey. He was joint author of the booklet, Restaurering i Cairo (1984). Kraks, 1990-2002/2003

Wohlfahrt, Eberhard, born 1 July 1924 at Fischbach, RhOn, Germany, he served in the war and spent years as a prisoner of war and had a late start studying at MOnchen and Berlin. He received a doctorate in 1977 at Karlsruhe for Die Bi/dung von Planungsregionen in Gebieten mit vorwiegend semiariden und vol/ariden Klimabedingungen ... dargestel/t am Beispiel des sOdwestlichen SaudiArabien. His writings include Das neue Agypten (1962) Libyen, brennende WOste (1970), and Die arabische Halbinsel (1978). Schwarz; Thesis Wohlhaupter, Eugen, born 7 September 1900 at Unterwiesenbach, Swabia, he studied law at MOnchen, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1925, and a Dr.habil. in 1929 for Hoch- und Niedergericht in der mittelalterlichen Gerichtsverfassung Bayerns. From 1929 to 1931 he was a research fellow in Madrid, and from 1935 to his dismissal in 1945, a lecturer in history of German canon law at Kiel. His writings include Aequitas canonica (1931), Altspanisch-gotische Rechte (1936), Gesetze der Westgoten (1936), Die Kerze im Recht (1940), and Rechtswissenschaft im NS-Staat; der Fal/ Eugen Wohlhaupt (1987). He died in TOrnheide, Schleswig-Holstein, in December 1946. DtBE; KOrschner, 1931-1940/41 Wohlmuth, Karl, born 8 December 1942 at Wien, he studied at the Wirtschaftsuniversitat Wien, where he received a Dr.rer.comm. in 1967. He was a professor of economics at the Universitat Bremen. His writings include Internationale Resouces im Sudan; Auslandsverschuldung und Auslandskapital (1979), Die Produkt- und Regionalstruktur des sudanesischen Aul3enhandels (1979), Der Staat in peripheren Okonomien und die transnationalen Konzerne; ... Sudan (1979), he was joint author of Handlungsspielraume des unterentwickelten Agrarlandes Sudan (1979), and he was joint author of Der Sudan; Probleme und Perspektiven (1980). KOrschner,1996-2003; MESA Roster of members, 1990 Wohlstetter, Albert James, born 19 December 1913 at N.Y.C., he was a strategic analyst and a presidential adviser on national security. He was joint author of Selection and use of strategic air bases (1963), Race differences in income (1970), and Nuclear policies (1978). He died in Los Angeles on 9 January 1997. ConAu 129, 156; WhoWest, 1989/90 Wohlwill, Adolf Benjamin, born 10 May 1843 at Seesen, Germany, he was educated at Hamburg and studied history at Heidelberg and GOttingen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1866. Since 1868 he was a teacher at Akademisches Gymnasium, Hamburg. He was a local historian whose writings include Aus drei Jahrhunderten Hamburgischer Geschichte (1897). He died in 1916. DtBilnd (19 Woidich, Manfred, born 26 October 1943 at Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary)., he studied Semitic languages, Assyriology, and Turkish at MOnchen where he received a Dr.phil. in 1969 for Negation und negative Satze im Agyptisch-Arabischen. He spent a year teaching German at Goethe-Institut, Cairo. His writings include Obungsbuch zur arabischen Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (1985-88), Ahlan wa sahlan; eine EinfOhrung in die Kairoer Umgangssprache (1990); he was joint author of Die agyptischarabischen Dialekte (1985); and he edited Amsterdam Middle East studies (1990). Schwarz; Thesis von Wojeikoff, Alexander, 1842-1916 see Voeikov, Aleksandr Ivanovich Wojtkowiak, Georg, born 30 March 1937 at Pyritz, Germany, he was first educated locally and after expulsion from Pomerenia at Hamburg, where he later also studied geography and German philology in preparation for a career in education. He spent the academic year 1959/60 at Istanbul and received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1972 at Hamburg for Die Zitruskulturen in der kOstennahen Agrarlandschaft der TOrkei.

Thesis

Wolcott, Samuel, born in 1813, he graduated from Yale College and Andower Theological Seminary. Ordained in 1839, he was a missionary among the Druzes of Mount Lebanon. He died in 1886. DcNAA; Master (1); NatCAB, vol. 8, p. 72; Shavit

Wolf, Carl Umhau, born 21 September 1914 at Baltimore, Md., he graduated from John Hopkins University, Baltimore, and received a Ph.D. in 1942 from Hartford Theological Seminary Foundation for Toward an understanding of pre-Massoretic Hebrew. He was successively a pastor, professor of Semitic languages, and since 1966 a director of continuing education at Austin. DrAS, 1969, 1974 P Wolf, Eric Robert, born 1 February 1923 at Wien, he received a Ph.D. in 1951 from Columbia University for Culture change and culture stability in a Puerto Rican coffee community. He was an anthropologist who taught since 1971 at Lehman College, CUNY. His writings include Peasant wars of

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the twentieth century (1969), and Europe and the people without history (1982). He died in Irvington, N.Y., 7 March 1999. AmM&W5, 19735,19785; Bioln 15; ConAu 17-20,179; WhoAm, 1974-1994

Wolf, Johann Christoph, born 21 February 1683 at Wernigerode, Germany, he studied theology and Semitic languages at Wittenberg and subsequently travelled to Leiden, Oxford and Kebenhavn, Since 1709 he was a professor at Wittenberg, and since 1712 a professor of Semtic languages at Hamburg. In 1716 he was there appointed chief pastor of St. Catharinen. He died in Hamburg, 25 July 1739. ADtB; Behr-mann, pp. 57-63; DcBiPP; DtBE; FOck,p. 109; GDU; Master (1)

Wolf, John Baptist, born 16 July 1917 at Ouray, Ohio, he graduated in 1929 from the University of Colerado and received a Ph.D. in 1933 from the University of Minnesota for The diplomatic history of the Bagdad railroad. He was a historian who taught at various American universities. His writings include France, 1815 to the present (1940), The emergence of the great powers, 1685-1715 (1951), The Barbary Coast; Algiers under the Turks, 1500 to 1830 (1979), and its Arabic translation n 1986. ConAu 9-12; DrA5, 1969 H, 1974 H, 1978 H, 1982 H; WoAm, 1974-1988/89

Wolf, John Berchmans, born 18 November 1931 at Elizabeth, N.J., he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from AUB for An interpretation of the Eisenhower doctrine; Lebanon, 1958. Since 1972 he was a professor of criminal justice at CUNY. WhoE, 1981/82, 1983/84 Wolfe, Bertram David, born 19 January 1896 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he graduated in 1916 from the City College of New York and received a M.A. in 1932 from Columbia University. He was a free-lance writer and one of the founders of the American Communist Party. He later became a Soviet expert and a director of the State Department's ideological advisory staff. His writings include How class collaboration works (1926), Marx and America (1934), Three who made a revoltion (1948), Six keys to the Soviet system (1956), and A life in two centuries; an autobiography (1979). He died in 1977. CnDiAmJBi;; ConAu 69-72, new rev., 40; DrA5, 1969 H; Master (1); WhoWorJ,1965

Wolfel, Dominik Josef, born 25 May 1888 at Wien, he received a Dr.phil. in 1924 from the Universitat Wien for Studien zur kulturellen Stellung der Trepanation. He was for many years a curator at Museum far VOlkerkunde, Wien. His writings include So ist Spanien (1937), Marchen aus Spanien (1946), Eurafrikanische Wortschichten als Kulturschichten (1955), and Monumenta linguae Canariae (1965). He died in Wien, 27 April 1963. KOrschner, 1950-19611; Teichl; WhoAustria, 1954, 1955, 1957/58 Wolfers, Michael, born 28 September 1938 at London, he was an Africa correspondent, free-lance writer, lecturer on African politics and government, and consultant to revolutionary African countries. His writings include Politics in the Organisation of African Unity (1976), and Angola in the frontline (1983). AfrBiolnd (1); ConAu 136 Wolff, Fritz, born 11 November 1880 at Berlin, he was educated at the local College royal francais and studied at MOnchen, Heidelberg, Berlin and Gier1en, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1905 for Die Infinitive des Indischen und Iranischen. He was a private scholar except for a brief period when he was a lecturer at the Unlversitat Gier1en. His writings include Glossar zu Firdosis Schahname (1935). As a Jewish Lutheran he was picked up by the authorities on 31 March 1943 at his Berlin home and disappeared for ever. KOrschner, 1928/29; ZDMG 99 (1945-49), pp. 164-67 Wolff, Joseph, born in 1795 in Bavaria, the son of an orthodox rabbi, he broke with his family and at the age of seventeen was baptized. After a year or so he settled in Roma as a student of theology and candidate for the priesthood. Expressing his views on Papal infallibility without hesitation in the most public manner, he was obliged to leave the city. He then went to London and on to Cambridge, where he studied Oriental languages, and became a member of the Church of England. He later visited the greater part of the known and unknown world for the purpose of carrying the light of the gospel to those of his race. He was one of the very few European travellers who visited Bukhara while Turkestan was still independent under its khans, first in 1831-32 and again in 1844, twenty years before Varnbery, He died in 1862. Yvonne Davy wrote Trail on peril; the story of Joseph Wolff (1984). Buckland; ADtB; CelCen; DNB; DtBE; IndianBiind (4); JRCA5 34 (1947), pp. 320-323; Master (3); Riddick; Vogel; Wininger; Wright

Wolff, Moritz (Maurice), born in 1824 at Meseritz, Prussia, he studied from 1849 to 1857 at Berlin and Leipzig. He successively became a rabbi at Kulm and GOteborg (Gothenburg), Sweden. He edited and translated Mohammedanische Eschatologie, from the Arabic of Abd ai-Rahim ibn Ahmad ai-Qadi (1872), and MOsa MaimOnts Acht Capitel (1903). He died in 1904. FOck,p. 172; Wininger Wolff, Odilo, born 18 October 1849 at Koln, he was baptized Carl and studied theology at MOnster, Mainz, and Beuron Abbey; in 1875 he was ordained a Benedictine priest. His writings include Der Tempel von Jerusalem und seine Mal3e (1887), Beuron; Bilder und Erinnerungen aus dem Monchleben der Jetztzeit (1889), and Tempelmal3e (1912). He died in 1928. DtBiind (1); Jaksch; LThK

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Wolff, Philipp, born in 1810, he was an Orientalist who gained a doctorate. He was a sometime pastor of Rottweil, Worttemberg. His writings include Die Drusen und ihre voneuter (1945), Arabischer Dragoman (1857), Jerusalem nach eigener Anschauung und den neuesten Forschungen (1857), and he translated Calia und Dimna (1837), Die drei ersten Moallakat (1856), as well as works of Sa'di and AbO al-Faraj al-Babbaqha. He died in 1894. NUC, pre-1956 Wolff, Robert Lee, born 22 December 1915 at N.Y.C., he was an expert in Balkan history and politics, and from 1950 to his death in 1980 a professor of history at Harvard. His writings include The Balkans in our time (1956), a collection of his articles, Studies in the Latin empire of Constantinople (1976), as well as studies on Victorian literature. He died in Cambridge, Mass., in 1980. AnObit, 1980, pp. 683-85; Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; CnDiAmJBi; ConAu 102; DrAS, 1969-1982 H; Master (4); WhAm 7; WhoAm, 1970/71-1980; WrDr, 1980/82, 1982/84

Wolffsohn, Michael, born 17 May 1947 at Tel-Aviv, he studied history, political science, and political economy at Berlin and Tel-Aviv, receiving a Dr.phil. in 1975 from the Freie Universitat Berlin for Industrie und Handwerk im Konflikt mit staatlicher Wirtschaftspolitik. He was successively a professor of political science at the Hochschule der Bundeswehr, Hamburg and Munchen. His writings include Politik in Israel (1983), German-Saudi Arabian arms deals, 1936-1939, and 1981-1985 (1985), and Wem qenon das Heilige Land (1992). KOrschner, 1992-2003; Note Wolfrom, Charles Gustave, born 19th cent., his writings include Le Maroc; etude commerciale et agricole (1893), Commerce de la Tunisie avec la France et les pays voisins (1896), and Exemples de combinaisons agricoles applicables en Tunisie (1901). BN Wolfsberger, Walter, born early 20th cent., he studied at Hochschule fur Welthandel, Wien, where he also received a doctorate. In 1959 he entered the federal Austrian chamber of commercial enterprises, where, after briefly serving as a secretary to the Osterreichische Au~enhandelsstelle in Toronto, he became section head for the Arab world. His writings include Methoden der mittelbaren Exportforderung durch preispolitische Massnahmen des Industriebetriebes (1955). Note Wolfson, Harry Austryn, born 2 November 1887 at Austryn, Belorussia, he went to the U.S.A. in 1903. He graduated in 1912 from Harvard, where he also received a Ph.D. in 1915 for Crescas on the problems of infinity and divine attributes. He spent his entire academic career at his alma mater as a professor of Hebrew literature and philosophy. His writings include Crescas' critique of Aristotle (1929), Philosophy of the kalam (1976), its Persian translation, Falsafah-i 'um-! kalam (1986), and Repercussions of the kalam in Jewish philosophy (1979). He died in Cambridge, Mass., 20 September 1974. Leo W. Schwarz wrote Wolfson of Harvard; portrait of a scholar (1978). CnDiAmJBi; ConAu 19-20, 53-56; DrAS, 1969 F, 1974 F; EncJud; Master (2); WhAm 6; WhoWorJ, 1965, 1972; Wininger

Wolinski, Janusz, born 10 September 1894 at Warszawa, he was a professor of history at Universytet Warszawski. His writings include Polska i kosci61 prawoslawny (1936), and Z dziej6w wojen polsktureckich (1983). He died in Warszawa, 7 April 1970. NEP; Srodka Wolkenhauer, Wilhelm, born 29 May 1845 at Osterode, Harz, he studied mathematics and natural sciences at Gottingen and prepared for a career in education. His was an uneventful but productive life of a geographer at Realschule in der Altstadt, Bremen, where he taught from 1874 to 1914. His solid health allowed him to keep on teaching nearly throughout all of the Great War. He was an editor of Deutsche geographische Blatter. He died in 1922. Niederlandische Lebensbilder4 (1960), pp. 349-377 Wolkenstein, Alexis, born early 20th cent., he was in 1960 a lecturer with the Societe d'etude du developpernent econornique et social. Note Wolkoff, Mathieu S., 1802-1875 see Volkov, Matviei Stepanovich Wollaston, Sir Arthur Naylor, born 14 October 1842 at Norwood, England, he was educated at Stockwell Grammar School and in 1859 entered the India Office, where he was active as a colonial administrator and Orientalist until his retirement in 1907. His writings include A complete EnglishPersian dictionary (1894), The Anwar-i-Suhail; or, Lights of Canopus (1904), Muhammad; his life and doctrines (1904), The religion of the Koran (1904), The sword of Islam (1905), Sadi's Scroll of wisdom (1906), and Tales within tales, adapted from the fables of Pilpai (1909). He died in Walmer, Kent, on 8 February 1922. Buckland; Britlnd (2); IndianBiind (2); Riddick; Who was who 2 Wollner, Wilhelm August, born 18 November 1851, he studied at Leipzig, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1879 for Untersuchungen abet die Volksepik der Grotsrussen, and also a Dr.habil. in 1886 for Untersuchungen abet den Verbbau des sudstevtscnen Volklieds. He was a professor of Slavic philology at Leipzig, where he died on 14 December 1902. BioJahr2 (1907), p. 127*

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Wolski, Krzysztof, born early 20th cent., his writings include Pakistan (Warszawa, 1965). His trace is lost after an article in 1970. NUC, 1968-72 Wolter, Heinz, born 6 May 1935 at Leipzig, he studied history at Leipzig and subsequently became an academic staff member at the Ministry of Cultural Affairs until 1961, when he joined the Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften. He received a Dr.sc. in 1966 at Leipzig for Die Stellung der deutschen Sozialdemokratie zur Aul3enpolitik des preul3isch-deutschen Reiches. He was a sometime professor at the Zentralinstitut fur Geschichte, Akademie der Wissenschaften. His tenure was probably revoked after German reunification. His writings include Bismarcks Aul3enpolitik, 1871-1881 (1983). KOrschner, 19921; Thesis

Wolters, Theodore Friedrich, born early 19th cent., he was a missionary under the Church Missionary Society of London and was sent to Smyrna in 1860 and held this station quite alone for the Society until 1876. He was then transferred to Palestine, where he engaged in pastoral work, chiefly in Jaffa, until 1907. He was president of the Native Church Council. Richter, p. 245 Wood, Alfred Cecil, born about 1900, he received a B.Litt. in 1923 from Oxford for The commercial and diplomatic relations of England and Turkey, 1680-1699, and also a D.Phil. in 1934 for A history of the Levant Company. His writings includes A history of the University College, Nottingham, 1881-1948 (1953). NUC, pre-1956; Sluglett Wood, Casey Albert, born 21 November 1856 at Wellington, Ont., he was educated at Ottawa Collegiate Institute and received his medical doctorates from Lennoxville and MacGiII universities, and then went for further study to Berlin, Wien, Paris, and London. He practised for some years in Montreal and later was an ophthalmologist and professor in Chicago. His writings include Memorandum book of a tenth-century oculist; a translation of Ali ibn Isa of Baghdad (1936). Canadian men and women of the time, 1912; OcNAA,; Master (4); NatCAB, vol. 10, p. 284; WhAm 2; WhNAA;

Wood, Conrad, born 21 February 1942 at York, he gained an M.A. at Cambridge and a Ph.D. in 1975 at London. He was a sometime keeper at the Department of Sound Records, Imperial War Museum. His writings include The Moplah rebellion and its genesis (1987), a work which was partly presented as his thesis at London. LC Wood, Herbert William, born in 1837 in India, he was educated at Cheltenham and the East India Company's College at Addiscombe. He joined the Madras Engineers in 1855 and went to India in 1857. From 1873 to 1876 he accompanied Grand Duke Constantine's expedition to the Amu Darya. His writings include The shores of Lake Aral (1876). He died in Chingleput, India, 8 October 1879. Boase; Buckland; ONB; Riddick

Wood, Howland, born in 1877, he had been identified with the study of coins since his graduation from Brown University in 1900. He was secretary of the American Numismatic Association from 1905 to 1909 and chairman of the board of governors from 1909 to 1912. In 1913 he became curator at the American Numismatic Society, New York. His special interest was Oriental coins, on which he was an authority. He was the author of numerous books, including The coinage of the Mexican revolutionists (1928). He died in N.Y.C., 4 January 1938. Amlndex (1); Numismatic circular 46 (1938), p. 53; WhAm 1 Wood, Hugh McKinnon, born in 1884, he grraduated from Balliol College, Oxford, and was admitted to the bar from Inner Temple in 1914. He became a British diplomat. He died in 1955. NYT, 25 February 1955, p. 21, col. 3; Who, 1948-1955; Who was who 5

Wood, John, born in 1811, he was educated at Perth Academy and entered the East India Company's Naval Service in 1826. He was the first to use a steamship on the Indus. From 1836 to 1838 he accompanied Sir Alexander Burnes on a commercial mission to Afghanistan and later discovered the source of the Oxus. His writings include A personal narrative of a journey to the source of the river Oxus (1841), and A journey to the source of the river Oxus (1872). He died in Sind in 1871. Buckland; Boase; ONB; Embacher; IndianBiind (1); Master (1); Riddick

Wood, Junius Boyd, born in 1877 at Coatesville, Pa., he was a correspondent of the Chicago daily news and travelled widely in the Orient. His writings include Incredible Siberia (1928). He died in 1957. AmAu&B; Amlndex (1); Author's and writer's who's who, 1949; WhE&EA Wood, Lawrence Coningsby, fl. 1946, his writings include the booklet, South Thailand, the tip of the tadpole's tail (London, China Inland Mission, 1954) BLC Wood, Raymond Francis, born 9 November 1911 at London, he studied at UCLA, where he received a Ph.D. in history in 1949. Since 1966 he was a professor in the School of Library Service, UCLA. His writings include California's Agna Fria and The life and death of Peter Lebec (1954). BiOrLUS,1970; LC

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Wood, Robert, born about 1717, he was a politician and travelled in eastern Europe and the Near East. His writings include The ruins of Palmyra, otherwise Tedmor in the desert (1753), its translation in Sammlung der besten und neuesten Reisebeschreibungen 1 (1761), p. 187 sqq. entitled "Reise nach Palmyra, sonst Tedmor in der WOste," Les Ruines de Palmyre, autrement dit, Tedmor au desert (1819), The ruins of Palmyra and Balbec (1827).. He died in 1771. Biography and genealogy master index (1); Biography index, 4 (1); Britlnd, (13); Dictionary of national biography

Woodhead, Christine Mary, born ca. 1950 in England, she received a Ph.D. in 1979 from Edinburgh University for Sehname-i hOmayun of Ta'liki-zada Mehmed Efendi on the Ottoman campaign into Hungary. She taught for over twenty years at the Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, as well as at the Turkish Centre, in the University of Durham. DrBSMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; LC; Sluglett Woodhouse, Christopher Montagne, born 11 May 1917 at London, he was a graduate of New College, Oxford. He was a director of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, where he served on the staff of H.M. Embassies in Athens and Tehran, and was secretary-general of the Allied Mission which observed the Greek elections in 1946. After working in industry for two years, he became assistant secretary to the Nuffield Foundation. He worked in the Foreign Office from 1952 to 1955. His writings include Apple in discord (1948), The Greek war of independence (1952), Karamanlis, the restorer of Greek democracy (1982), and its Greek translation in 1982. He died 13 February 2001. ConAu 108,155; IntWW, 1974-2001; Master (2); Note; Who, 1969-19981; WhoWor, 1974/5-1978/9

Woodhouse, Henry, born Mario Terenzio Enrico Casalegno on 24 June 1884 at Torino, he was educated in Europe and went to America in 1904. He bought options, 1921-22, on claims to Turkish concessions of Rear Admiral Colby M. Chester, U.S.N., and formed syndicate which resulted in organization of Ottoman-American Development Company, which obtained in 1923 from the Government of Turkey the Chester concessions for contruction and operation for ninety-nine years of 2,700 miles of railways in eastern Anatolia, two ports on the Black Sea and one on the Mediterranean, exploitation of the oil fields of Mosul, etc. He wrote on the Great War as well as military aeronautics.

Amlndex (2); NatCAB, vol. 15, p. 403; WhAm 7

Woodman, Gordon R., born early 20th cent., he obtained a Ph.D. and wrote The management of family property (Legon, 1970), Ol/ennu's principles of customary land law in Ghana (1985), and he was joint editor of Essays in Ghanian law (1976), and People's law and state law; the Bel/agio papers (1985). LC Woodruff, Frank Edward, born 20 March 1855 at Eden, Vt., he graduated from Union Theological Seminary in 1881 and afterwards studied one year each at Berlin and Athens. He was a professor of Biblical as well as Greek literature at a number of American universities. His writings include Exercises in Greek prose composition (1891), New Greek prose composition (1905). He died in 1922. Master (2); Who was who in America, 4

Woods, Henry Charles, F.R.G.S., born in 1881, he was educated at Harrow and Sandhurst and served in the Army from 1900 to his retirement in 1907. He briefly served as a vice-consul in Adana, 1910, before becoming a military and diplomatic correspondent to British dailies. His books include Washed by four seas; an English officer's travels in the Near East (1908), La Turquie et ses voisins (1912),War and diplomacy in the Balkans (1915), and The cradle of the war; the Near East and Pan-Germanism (1918). He died in 1939. Who, 1929-1939; Who was who 3 Woods (Pasha), Sir Henry Felix, born in 1843, he entered the Royal Navy in 1858 and served on the west coast of Africa. He was a British delegate to the International Commission for the Improvement of Navigation in the Black Sea and Bosphorus. He was Naval A.D.C. to the Sultan. His writings include Spunyarn from the strands of a sailor's life afloat and ashore; forty-seven years under the ensigns of Great Britain and Turkey (1924), and its translation, TOrkiye emten (1976). He died in 1929. Britlnd (2); Who's who, 1905-1929; Who was who, 3

Woods, John Edmund, born 21 July 1938 at Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, he was educated at the University of Texas, AUC, University of Tehran, and Princeton, where he received a Ph.D. in 1976 for Aqquyunlu; clan, confederation, empire. Since 1977 he was affiliated with the University of Chicago as a professor and director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Contemporary authors, 104; MESA Roster of members, 1990

Woodsberry, John Dudley, born 5 February 1934 at Ichowfu, Shantung, China, he studied at AUB and Harvard, where he received a Ph.D. in 1968 for Hasan al-Banna's articles of belief. He spent thirteen years in the Islamic world, mainly in Lebanon, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia. His interests were in Arab Islamic theology, Koranic studies, and folk Islam. He was a sometime professor of Islamic studies at Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, Calif. He edited Muslims and Christians on the Emmaus Road (1989). MESA Roster of members, 1990; Private Selim Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

669 Woodsmall, Ruth Frances, born in 1883 at Atlanta, Ga., she was a 1905 graduate of the University of Nebraska. After graduate work, teaching, and a year's travel in India and the Far East, she began her lifelong affiliation with the YWCA, particularly in the Near and Middle East. Her writings include Eastern women, today and tomorrow (1933), Moslem women enter a new world (1936), the translation, Der Aufstieg der mohammedanischen Frau (1938), and StUdy of the role of women, their activities and organizations in Lebanon, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (1955). She died in 1963. Amlndex (1); CurBio, 1949,1963; Master (3); NYT, 27 May 1963, p. 29, col. 3; WhAm 4,7; WhoAmW, 1961/62, 1964/65

Woodson, Craig DeVere, born in 1943, he received a Ph.D. in 1983 from U.C.L.A. for The atumpan drum in Asante; a study of their art and technology. LC Woodward, Arthur Maurice, born in 1883 at Liverpool, he was a reader in ancient history and classical history at the University of Sheffield until 1947 and also affiliated with the British School at Athens. His writings include The Church of Saint Eirene at Constantinople (1913). He died in 1973. WhE&EA; Who, 1946-1974; Who was who 7

Woodward, Peter Robert, born in 1944, he received a Ph.D. in 1975 from the University of Reading for Condominium and Sudanese nationalism. He was a sometime senior lecturer in politics at the Faculty of Letters and Social Sciences, University of Reading, a post which he still held in 1992. Since 1985 he was an editor of African affairs. His writings include Sudan, 1898-1989; the unstable state (1990), and Nasser (1992). DrBSMES,1993; EURAMES,1993; LC; Sluglett Woolbert, Robert Gale, born in 1903 at Albion, Mich., he graduated in 1924 from the University of Illinois and continued in graduate work at Chicago and Harvard, where he took a doctorate in 1935. He was first for some years an instructor at Harvard and Radcliffe, and later a professor at the University of Denver, and its Social Science Foundation, after 1941. From 1935 to 1941 he was a research associate of the Council on Foreign Relations and assistant editor of Foreign affairs. He travelled in the Near East and French North Africa and attended the Pan-Arab Congress at Bludan, Syria. His primary research interest was in European imperialism in Africa, a field which he had studied from 1931 to 1932 as a Bayard Cutting Fellow at the Istituto Coloniale Fascista and the Istituto per l'Oriente, Roma. His writings include Look at Africa (1943), and The future of the Italian colonial empire (1944). He died in Greeley, Col., 3 June 1954. American historical review 60 (1954/55), p. 255; Note Woolfenden, John Richards, born in 1904 at Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, he emigrated to the United States in 1920, and in 1928 he graduated from Pomona College, Calif. He became a journalist, editor, and motion picture promoter. He edited Columbia Pictures presents the Sam Spiegel and David Lean production of Lawrence of Arabia (1962). He died in 1988. ConAu 113; NUC, 1968-72 Woolley, Sir Charles Leonard, born in 1880, he was educated at New College, Oxford, and became an archaeologist. During war-time service with British Intelligence in Cairo with the rank of captain, he was captured by the Turks and imprisoned successively at Adana, Ankara, Kastamuni and Kedos. Since 1919 he spent twenty years of almost uninterrupted archaeological field work in Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. His writings include From Kastamuni to Kedos, being a record of experiences of prisoners of war in Turkey, 1916-1918, written by many hands and edited (1921). He died in London 20 February 1960. CurBio, 1954, pp. 662-664; Dawson; DcScB; DNB; Egyptology; Folia orientalia 2 (1960), pp. 209-210; Nature 186 (14 May 1969), pp. 516-517; Who was who, 5

Woolner, Alfred Cooper, born in 1878 in Straffordshire, he was a professor of Sanskrit in the University of the Punjab, a principal, Oriental College, Lahore and, from 1928 to his death on 7 January 1936, vice-chancellor of Punjab University, Lahore. His writings include Introduction to Pakrit (1917), Asoka text and glossary (1924), and Languages in history and politics (1938). IndianBiind (1); Riddick;

Who, 1929-1936; Who was who 3

Woolsey, Theodore Salisbury, born in 1852 at New Haven, Conn., he was from 1877 to 1911 a professor of international law at Yale University, New Haven, Conn. He died in 1929. AMlndex (7); DAB; NatCAB, vol. 31, pp. 122-123; WhAm 1

Worbs, Johann Gottlob, born in 1760 at Rohrdorf, Silesia, he studied theology and history at the Universitat Halle. From 1804 to his death in 1833, he was a superintendent in the principality of Sagan. His writings include Geschichte und Beschreibung des Landes der Drusen in Syrien (1799), and Geschichte des Herzogtums Sagan (1930). ADtB, vol. 44, pp. 210-212; DtBiind (3); Sezgin Workman, John R., born about 1940, he was in 1973 Professor G. L. Windfuhr's research and teaching assistant, as well as his joint author of an article, but he discontinued his graduate studies and his trace was lost. From a letter of Prof. Windfuhr to the compiler, dated January 1993 Works, John Arthur, Jr., born 20th cent., he wrote Pilgrims in a strange land; Hausa communities in Chad (New York, Columbia University Press, 1976). LC Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Wormhoudt, Arthur Louis, born 17 June 1917 at Pella, Iowa, he received a Ph.D. in English in 1942 and became a professor of English at William Penn College, Oskaloona, Iowa. His writings include the translations, The Diwan of Ahmad ibn Muhammad aI-Hasan ibn Marrar al Dabbi, called Abu Bakr al Sanaubari (1976), and Diwan Labid ibn Rabi'ah al 'Amti; Akhbar 'Ayasha bint Talha from Kitab al Agani; Dhikra al Wasana from the Yatima al dahr (1976). Directory of American scholars, 1969 F, 1974 F, 1978 F,1982 F; LC; Master (2); WhoMW, 1994/95

Worms, Mayer-Goudchaux, born about 1800, he received a medical doctorate in 1829 at Paris for De /'influence des emotions et des passions sur Ie CCBur. His writings include Expose des conditions d'hygiene et de traitement, propres a prevenlr les maladies et a diminuer la mortalite dans i'ermee en Afrique et specletemem dans la province de Constantine (Paris, 1838), and Recherches sur la condition et de la propriete territoriale dans les pays musulmans, et subsidiairement en Algerie (Paris, 1846). BN; NUC, pre-1956

Wormser, Rene Albert, born in 1896 at Santa Barbara, Calif., he received his B.S. and LL.B. in 1917 from Columbia University, N.Y.C., and there practised law since 1920. His writings include Collection of international war damage claims (1944), The law (1949), and The myth of the good and the bad nations (1954). He died on 14 July 1981. CnDiAmJBi; Contemporary authors, 13-16, 104, new rev., 11; Who was who in America, 8; WhoAm, 1974-1980

Woronowicz, Ali Ismail, born 1 April 1902 at Lachowicz, Poland, he pursued Oriental studies at Uniwersytet Lwowski and subsequently studied at al-Azhar, Cairo. In 1938 he became a military Muslim clergy in Poland. From 1932 to 1938 he was the editor of Rocznik tatarski. He published Polish excerpts from the Koran in 1935 and the unidentified Arabic booklet, el-tsism wa-BalanTya, in 1936 in Cairo. Under his thesis supervisor T. Kowalski he received a doctorate in 1940 with a work on Arabic and Turkish words in Polish. In 1941 he was imprisoned by the Soviet NKWD and died. Dziekan; Polski Worrall, G. A., born early 20h cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1955 from University College, Khartoum, for A pedological study of the Khartoum District, Sudan. His writings include Agricultural research in Liberia (1967). NUC,1968-72; Sluglett Worrell, William Hoyt, born 20 April 1879 at Toledo, Ohio, he was a graduate of the University of Michigan, and also studied at Hartford Theologcal Seminary, Berlin, Leipzig and Strar!>burg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1909 for Studien zum abessinischen Zauberwesen. He was for many years a professor of Semitic philology at the University of Michigan. His writings include The Coptic manuscripts in the Freer Collection (1923), Study of races in the ancient Near East (1927), Coptic sounds (1934), and Short account of the Copts (1945). He died in Haverhill, Mass., on 3 December 1952. Amlndex (1); Bioln 3 (2); Dawson; Egyptology; WhAm 3; WhE&EA

Worsaae, Jens Jacob Asmussen, born in 1821 in Jutland, he was a pioneer Danish archaeologist whose writings include Danmarks oldtid oplyst ved oldsager og gravh0/e (1843), its translation, Dsnemetks Vorzeit durch AlterthOmer und GrabhOgel beleuchtet (1844), The antiques of Ireland and Denmark (1846), and The primeval antiquities of Denmark (1849). He died in 1885. Biography index, 14, 15; DanskBL; DanskBL2; DcScB; Master (4); ScBlnd (6)

Worsfold, William Basil, born in 1858, he was educated at York, graduated from University College, Oxford, and was called to the bar from Inner Temple in 1887. He was a lecturer whose writings include The Redemption of Egypt (1899), South Africa (1900), Egypt yesterday and today (1901), The Future of Egypt (1914), and France in Tunis and Algeria (1930). He died in 1939. Britlnd (2); Master (3); WhE&EA; Who, 1905-1938; Who was who 3

Wortabet, John, M.D., born in 1827, his writings include Religion in the East (1860), English Arabic dictionary (1894), Arabian wisdom; selections and translations (1907), and Arabic-English dictionary (1913). He died in 1908. LC Wortham, Hugh Evelyin, born in 1884 at London and educated at King's College, Cambridge, he became a journalist who for three years also served as a professor of English at Cairo University. His writings include Mustapha Kemal Pasha (1930), and Gordon; an intimate portrait (1933). He died in 1959. Bioln 5; NYT, 10 July 1959, p. 25, col. 5; WhE&EA; Who was who 5 Wortley, Mrs. Edward Stuart, 1866-1953 see Stuart-Wortley, Mrs. Violet Hunter (Guthrie) Montagu Worz, Johannes Georg Friedrich, born 16 February 1933 at Stuttgart, he received a Dr.sc.agr. in 1966 from the Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule Hohenheim for Die genossenschaftliche Produktionsforderung in Agypten als Folgeerscheinung der Agrarreform. He was a professor of agronomy at Kassel. His writings include Genossenschaftliche und partnerschaftliche Proaukiionstorderunq in der sudanesischen Landwirtschaft (1966), Die genossenschaftliche Produktionsforderung in Agypten als

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Folgeerscheinung der Agrarreform (1967), and he was joint author of Genossenschaftliche Produktionsiorderunq in Agypten; das Scheitern des Flurzwanges (1984). Schwarz; Werisfwer, 1986-2001/2002

Worzella, Wallace William, born in 1906, he received a Ph.D. in 1934 from Purdue University for a thesis on inheritance of quality and winter hardiness in winter wheat. He was a fellow of the American Society of Agronomy; his writings include the booklets, Cultural studies on yield and quality of field crops in Lebanon (AUB, 1968), and he was joint author of Proposed program for agricultural technical assistance for Somalia (1954), and Sugar beet production studies in the Beqa'a Plain, Lebanon (1968). Bioln 4; NUC, 1956-67

Wozniak, Frank Edward, born in 1946 at San Jose, Calif., he graduated in 1968 from Stanford University, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1973 for The nature of Byzantine foreign policy toward Kievan Russia in the first half of the tenth century. Since 1970 he was a professor of history at Appalachian State University, Boone, N.C. DrAS, 1974 H, 1978 H; NUC, 1973-77 Wratislaw, Albert Charles, born in 1862, he was the son of the Vicar of Manorbier and entered the Levant Consular Service in 1883. He had been consul-general in Tabriz for a number of years when he was appointed in 1913 a commissioner on a new Delimitation Commission to settle Persia's long western frontier with the Ottoman Empire. His writings include A Consul in the East (1924), and King Charles and Mr. Perkins (1931). He died in 1938. Who, 1909-1937; Who was who 3 Wratislaw Graf von Mitrowitz, Wenzel, 1576-1635 see Vratislav z Mitrovic, Vaclav, Hrabe von Wrede, Gustav Adolf, born in 1807 at MOnster, Westphalia, he ran away from home and went to sea for a number of years, but disenchanted left his vessel at Smyrna. He then became an officer in the Greek army. In 1843 he landed at Mukalla, Hadhramaut. He returned to Germany in 1850, but after a twenty-six year's absence, he was unable to re-integrate at home, eking out a miserable livelihood. In desperation he joined an English military unit to participate in the Crimean campaign as a subaltern. After the war he settled in Constantinople but had to be content with subordinate posts. Little is known about his last years. His travel account was published posthumously entitled Reise in Hadhramaut, Beled Beny lYssa und Beled el Hadschar. He died in a Constantionple hospital on 15 March 1863. ADtB vol. 44, pp. 243-246; Bidwell, pp. 180-181; Embacher; FOck,p. 197

Wren, George Ross, born in 30 March 1918 at Detroit, Mich., he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from the University of Illinois at Urbana for Graduate education for hospital administration. He became a hospital administrator and a director of the Institute of Health Administration, Georgia State University. His writings include Modern health administration (1974). Master (2); WhoMW, 1973 Wreszinski, Walter, born 18 March 1880 at Mogilno, East Prussia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1904 at Berlin for Die Hohenpriester des Amon. He was a professor of Egyptology at the Universitat Konigsberg. His writings include Die Medizin der alten Agypter (1909-13), and Bericht Dber die photographische Expedition von Kairo bis Wadi Haifa (1927). He died in 1935. Dawson; Egyptology; KOrschner, 1925-1935; Wer ist's, 1928, 1935

Wriggins, William Howard, born in 1918 at Philadelphia, Pa., he was a 1940 graduate of Darmouth College and received a Ph.D. in 1951 from Yale University, New Haven, Conn. He was a Quaker who served at several universities as a professor of political science and, in variety of capacities, at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., and the Department of State. His writings include The status of the United Nations Secretariat (1954), Ceylon; dilemma of a new nation (1960), and Reducing global inequities (1978). BluB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 61-64; Master (1); WhoAm, 1974-1982; WhoWor, 1978/791989/90; WrDr, 1982/84-1988/901

Wright, Arthur Hazen, born in 1811 at Hartford, Vt., he was a medical missionary in Urmia, Persia. He died in 1865. Shavit Wright, Charles Henry Hamilton, born in 1836 at Dublin, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was a Hebraist, theologian and a prolific writer. He died in 1909. Britlnd (2); DNB; Who, 1897-1909 Wright, Claudia, born 20th cent., she was affiliated with the Association of American-Arab University Graduates and wrote regularly on Arab affairs for the North American press, as well as for Australian and London magazines. Her writings include the booklets, The politics of liquidation (1986), and Spy, steal, and smuggle; Israel's special relationship with the United States (1986). LC; Note Wright, Denis Arthur Hepworth, born in 1911 at Kingston-on-Thames, he was a graduate of St Edmund Hall, Oxford. He joined the British Diplomatic Service, being stationed to Constanta, Trebizond, Mersin, and Tehran, later serving in the Foreign Office. After his retirement from the Diplomatic Service he was elected an honorary fellow of St Edmund Hall and St Antony's College,

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672 Oxford. His writings include The English amongst the Persians during the Qajar period (1977), and its Persian translation in 1982. ConAu 81-84; Master (1); Note; Who, 1969-2003; WhoWor, 1978n9 Wright, E. P., fl. 1976, he edited The geology of the Jos Plateau (Lagos, 1971).

NUC, 1973-77

Wright, Edwin Milton, born in 1897 of American parentage in Persia, he taught in Tabriz served as a principal of Avicenna High School, Hamadan, 1935-37, and was a sometime lecturer in history at Columbia University, where he prepared a thesis entitled AdharbaTjan according to the Greek, Latin and early Muslim geographers (1942), but did not complete his degree. He was with the State Department during the Truman Administration. LC; Note; NUC, pre-1956; Shavit; WhoAm, 1970171 Wright, Esmond, born in 1915 at Newcastle-on-Tyne, he was educated at the University of Durham and the University of Virginia. He was a historian who served from 1946 to 1967 at Glasgow and from 1971 to 1984 at London. During the war he served with Middle East Intelligence and travelled extensively throughout the area. His writings include A short history of our times, 1919-1950 (1951), and The world today (1968). Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; BlueB, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 1-4, new rev., 6, 44; IntAu&W, 1976-1991/92; Who, 1974-2003; WhoWor, 1976-1987/88; WrDr, 1976/78-2002

Wright, George Roy Haslam, born in 1924 at Perth, Western Australia, he graduated in 1954 from the University of Western Australia and became afiliated with British, German, American, and Unesco preservation projects in the Middle East. His writings include A background to restauration of monuments in southern India (1969), Kalabsha; the preserving of the temple (1972), and Ancient building in south Syria and Palestine (1985). LC; WhoWor, 1984/85 Wright, Henry Nelson, born in 1869, he was educated at Eton and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and joined the Indian Civil Service. He arrived in India on 29 October 1890, first to serve in the North Western Province and Oudh as an assistant magistrate. From 1910 to 1912 he was legal remembrancer to government in the United Provinces. His writings include Coins of the Mughal emperors of India (1908), The coinage and metrology of the sultans of Delhi (1936), and he was joint author of Catalogue of the coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta (1906-1912). He died in 1941. BLC; IndianBiind (1) Wright, John Kirtland, born 30 November 1891 at Cambridge, Mass., he was a geographer, researcher, editor, librarian, and director of the American Geographical Society for more than thirty years until he died on 24 March 1969. He wrote Aids to geographical research (1923). WhAm, 5 Wright, John L., born 26 September 1937 at London, he was educated at St Paul's and SOAS and became successively a news editor, government information officer, and broadcaster, specializing in the Middle East and North Africa. His writings include Libya (1969), Libya, a modern history (1982), and Libya, Chad and the central Sahara (1989). ConAu 131, new rev. 86; Note Wright, Owen, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in musicology in 1968 from SOAS for The modal system of Arab and Persian music, a work which was published in 1968. He became head of the Department of the Languages and Cultures of the Near and Middle East at SOAS. DrBSMES,1993; Note Wright, Philip Quincy, born in 1890 at Medford, Mass., he graduated in 1912 from Lombard College and received a Ph.D. in 1915 from the University of Illinois for The enforcement of international law through municipal law in the United States.. He became a professor of political science and international law at American universities as well as a visiting professor in many parts of the world. His interest in the Middle East was stimulated by a tour of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Palestine and Turkey in the autumn of 1925. His writings include Mandates under the League of Nations (1930). He died in 1970. ConAu 5-8, 29-32, new rev. 5; CurBio, 1943, 1970; OxCLaw; WhE&EA; WhAm 5; WhNAA Wright, Richard E., he was joint author of Caucasian carpets and covers, the weaving culture (1995). Wright, Robert Ramsay, born 23 September 1852 at Alloa, Scotland, he was educated at Alloa Academy and Edinburgh University, where he received his M.A. and B.Sc. He was an assistant in natural history at his alma mater before went in 1874 to Canada to the chair of natural history at University College, Toronto, later also becoming a professor of biology. He translated The Book of instruction in the elements of the art of astrology, by Abu'I-Rayhan al-BTrOnT (1934). He died in Droitwich, England, 6 September 1933. Canadian men and women of the time, 1898, 1912; DcNAA; Master (2); Who was who 3

Wright, Sue, born 20th cent., she gained a doctorate and was in 1993 a senior lecturer at the School of Cultural and Community Studies in the University of Sussex, Brighton. Her writings include Language education for intercultural communication (1993). DrBSMES, 1993 Wright, Theodore Paul, born 12 April 1926 at Port Washington, N.Y., he was a 1949 graduate of Swarthmore College and received a Ph.D. in 1957 from Yale University for American support of free Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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elections abroad. He was a professor of political science and since 1965 affiliated with SUNY, Albany. AmM&WS, 1973, 1978S; ConAu 13-16, new rev" 9; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982, 1986; IWWAS, 1975/76; WhoAm, 1980-1998; WhoE 1974/75-1994; WrOr, 1974/76-2002

Wright, Walter livingston, born in 1900 at Lincoln University, Pa., he graduated in 1921 from Princeton and then spent four years teaching and studying at AUB, where he received an M.A. in 1924. He held a travelling fellowship for research inTurkey from 1928 to 1930. After taking his Ph.D. in the same year he became a professor of history at Princeton from 1930 to 1935. In 1934 he was secretary and expert on Turkish affairs with the Hines-Kennerer Economic Mission to Turkey, and the following year he was elected president of Robert College and the American College for Girls at Istanbul. During the war he served as chief of the Near Eastern section of the Office of the Coordinator of Information, as chief historian of the War Department Staff and as professor at the National War College. In 1946 he was appointed professor of Turkish language and history at Princeton. He died on 15 May 1949. American historical review 55 (1949), p. 271; Isis 41 (1950), p. 57; NYT, 17 May 1949, p. 25, col. 1; Shavit; WhAm 2; WhE&EA

Wright, William, born in 1830 in India, he graduated in classics from St Andrews, studied Syriac under Rediger at Halle, and Arabic under Dozy at Leiden. At the age of twenty-two he edited The Travels of Ibn Jubair. He was successively a professor of Arabic at London and Dublin. With his appointment in 1870 as Sir Thomas Adams Professor at Cambridge began the modern era of Arabic studies in Britian. His writings include Opuscula arabica (1859), An Arabic reading-book (1870), and Catalogue of the Syriac manuscripts in the British Museum (1870-72). He died in Cambridge, 22 May 1889. Boase; Britlnd (4); Buckland; OcBiPP; Deutsche Rundschau 60 (1889), pp. 306-308; ONB; Flick, p. 206

Wrigley, William David, born 12 October 1951, his writings include Dissention in the Ionian Islands (1975), and The diplomatic significance of Ionian neutrality, 1821-31 (1988). lC

Wrzeskinski, Richard, born in 1880, he received a Dr.jur. in 1902 at Freiburg im Breisgau for Die Konkurrenz der Ansprache nach gemeinem Recht und Recht des BGB. He was joint author of Gesetz aber das Reichsn 0 topfer (1921). He died 6 January 1934. Klirschner, 1935, p. 1715

Wulbern, Jan-Peter, born 20th cent., he was in 1974 residing in DOsseldorf. His writings include Zur Frage einer funktionsfahigen Wettbewerbsordnung in Entwicklungs/andern (1970). Note

Wulf, Maurice Marie Charles Joseph de, 1867-1947 see De Wulf, Maurice Marie Charles Joseph Wulzinger, Karl, born 29 June 1886 at WOrzburg, he studied architecture at the Technische Hochschule MOnchen and received a Dr.lng. in 1912 at Dresden for Drei Bektaschi-Kloster Phrygiens; he gained a Dr.habil. in history of architecture in 1914 at MOnchen. In 1920 he was appointed a professor, and director of Institut fur Kunst- und Baugeschichte, Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe. His writings include Alttarkische Keramik in Kleinasien (1922), Byzantinische Baudenkmaler zu Konstantinopel (1925), and he was joint author of Damaskus, die is/amische Stadt (1924), and Das is/amische Milet (1935). OtBE; OtBilnd (2); Klirschner,1925-1940/41; Werist's, 1928, 1935

Wunsch, Josef, born in 1846, he was a writer on classical antiquity and Assyriology and affiliated with the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. He was joint author of Die KeiJ-Inschriften von AschrutDarga (1886). He died in 1916. NUC, pre-1956

Wunsch, Walther, born 23 July 1908 at Gablonz, Austria, he received a Dr.phil. in 1934 for Die Geigentechnik der sads/awischen Gus/aren. He was a practising musician and ethno-musicologist. After gaining a Dr.habil. in 1960 at Graz, he joined the staff of the university. His writings include Brautzug des Benovic Michael (1958), and he edited the papers of the 1st and 3rd Balkanologentagung 1964 and 1968 respectively. Baker, 1978, 1984, 1992; Klirschner, 1983-1992/; WhoAustria, 1977/78

Wunsche, Carl August, born 22 JUly 1838 at Heynewalde, Saxony, he studied theology and Semitic languages and successively became a teacher at erste BOrgerschule and Realschule, Leipzig. His writings include Die Weissagungen des Propheten Joel (1872), Die Bildersprache des Alten Testaments (1906), and Aus Israe/s LehrhaJlen (1907-1910). He died in 1913. OtBiind (1)

Wurm, Heidrun, born 9 December 1941 at Reinbek, Kreis Stormarn, Germany, she grew up in Hamburg. In the summer of 1961 she began Islamic studies at the Universitat Hamburg, later adding Semitics as her minor SUbject. She temporarily interrupted her study in the spring of 1962 in response to a newspaper advertisement for a governess of two children of a Cairene family. However, since working conditions were in no way consonant with the promisses made in Germany, she terminated her employment ahead of time after seven months and returned to Hamburg. From October 1966 to November 1967 a scholarship enabled her to pursue studies at Istanbul Oniversitesi. She received a Dr.phil. in 1970 with a thesis entitled Der osmanische Historiker Haseyn b. Ga'fer und die Istanbuler GeseJlschaft. She was a promising young doctor but her outspoken disposition was little conducive to

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674 entry into German Islamic academia. She was the stimulus to this writer's work between 1976 and 1984, but otherwise she severed nearly all connection with Islamic studies and retreated to a career as a science librarian in Hamburg. Private; Thesis

Wurm, Stefan/Stephen Adolphe, born 19 August 1922 at Budapest, he received a Dr.phil. in 1944 at Wien for Die ozbekische Volkssprache unter besonderer BerOcksichtigung des Dialektes von Ondidschan. He was a lecturer in linguistics at Wien, 1945-1951, and at St Antony's College, Oxford, 1952-1954. Since 1957 he was affiliated with the Australian National University, Canberra. His writings include Studies in the Kiwai languages (1951), Turkic peoples of the USSR (1954), and Phonological diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands languages (1964). Schoberlein; Schwarz; WhoAus, 1983-2002; WhoWor, 1982/83-1987

Wurmbach, Max Otto, born 24 September 1885 at Frankfurt am Main, he studied at Berlin and Karlsruhe, where he received a Dr.ing. in 1914 for Elektrolytische Entkupfernickelung. His trace is lost after an article in 1937. GV; Note Wurschmidt, Josef, born 5 February 1886 at Bayreuth, he studied mathematics and physics at Munchen and received both a Dr.phil. in 1909 and Dr.habil. in 1911 at Erlangen, to be promoted professor in 1916. In the same year he was invited to become chairman of the Imperial Ottoman Central Institute of Meteorology at Constantinople. He returned to Erlangen in 1919 and later served at Koln and Tucurnan, Argentina. He died in 1950. DtBiind (2); KOrschner,1935; RHbDtG; Werist's, 1922-1935 Wurtzel, Carl, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1977 from Yale University with a thesis entitled The Umayyads in the history of Khalifa b. Khayyat. He was in 1990 president of Radix Information Service, N.Y.C., specializing in computer matters in the Arab Middle East, including Malta and Israel. MESA Roster of memnbers, 1990; Selim 3

von Wussow, Philipp, born 1 May 1792, he was a graduate of the Prussian Kadettencorps and rose to the rank of general. On 17 March 1863 he was awarded Ritter des Schwarzen Adlerordens. He died on 7 September 1870. DtBilnd (1)

Wustenfeld, Heinrich Ferdinand, born 31 July 1808 at Hannoversch Munden, he studied Oriental languages at Gottingen and Berlin and received a Dr.phil. in 1831 at Gottingen for De scientis et studiis Arabum et de Fabulis Lokmani, gaining also a Dr.habil. in 1832. Since 1842 he was a professor at Gottingen. He edited a considerable number of important texts of Arab geographers and historians, Ibn Khallikan, Ibn Hisharn, Ibn Qutaybah, Ibn Durayd, al-Nawawi, Yaqut, and al-QazwTni. This is a respectable achievement for a man who also had to look after library matters in his university. His own writings include Die Obersetzungen arabischer Werke in das Lateinische seit dem XI. Jahrhundert (1877), and Die Geschichtsschreiber der Araber und ihre Werke (1882). He died in Hannover, 8 February 1899. ADtB, vol. 55, pp. 139-40; DtBE; DtBiind (2); FOck, pp. 193-94; GDU; Pallas Wutt, Karl, born in 1943 in Karnten, Austria, he studied architecture and ethnology at Technische Hochschule as well as the Universltat, Wien. His writings include Pashai; Landschaft, Menschen, Architektur (1981). LC Wuttke, Johann Carl Heinrich, born in 1818 at Brieg, Silesia, he was educated at Magdalenaeum, Breslau, where he also studied history at the Universitat. He received a Dr.habil. in 1841 at Leipzig, where he became a professor in 1848. His writings include Die Entwicklung der offentlichen verneltnlsse Schlesiens vomernlicn unter den Habsburgern (1842-43), Polen und Deutsche (1846), Zur Geschichte der Erdkunde im letzten Drittel des Mittelalters (1871), and Die Entstehung der Schrift (1877). He died in Leipzig on 14 June 1876. ADtB, vol. 44, pp. 569-72; BiD&SB; DiBiind (2) Wyart, Jean, born in 1902 at Avion (Pas-de-Calais), he was educated at l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, and was since 1928 affiliated with the Sorbonne. He was a sometime staff member of the Laboratoire de mineralogie-cristallogie. He died 13 March 1992. IntWW, 1974-1991/92; WhoFr, 1975n6-1991/92 Wyatt, Stanley Charles, born in 1877, he was a sometime president of the Council of the Ottoman Public Debt. He died in 1968. Who, 1932-1968; Who was who 6 Wylde, Augustus Blandy, born 19th cent., he was an Englishman, settled in Ceylon, and afterwards at Suakin, Eastern Sudan, as a planter and trader. He was the first British vice-consul for the Red Sea at Jeddah and Suakin, head of the Intelligence Department, a companion on several occasions of General C. G. Gordon, and a special corresopondent to The Guardian, Manchester. His writings include '83 to '87 in the Sudan (1888), and Modern Abyssinia (1900). Britlnd (1); Hill Wylly, Harold Carmichael, colonel, C.B., born in 1858, he was a graduate of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and served in the Egyptian campaign of 1882. He was also a military historian whose writings include From the Black Mountain to Waziristan, being an account of the border countries and Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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He died in

Wynn, Coy Wilton, born 9 August 1920 at Preston, Ark., he graduated in 1941 from Louisiana College, Pineville, where he also gained an M.A. in the following year. He headed departments of journalism successively at A.U.C. and Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., and later worked as a free-lance writer, correspondent, and buraeu chief in Beirut, Cairo, and Roma. WhoAm, 1978-1996; WhoWor, 1980-1987/88 Wynn, R. F. born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1968 from the University of Reading for An exploration of the long-term prospects of the further development of Nile waters in the Sudan for irrigation and hydro-electric power. Sluglett Wyse, Lucien Napoleon Bonaparte, born in 1845, he was a French navy lieutenant who participated in the 1876-77 Tunisian campaign. His writings include Le Rapt de Panama; I'abandon du canal aux Etats-Unis (1904). He died in 1909. Note; NUC, pre-1956 Wysham, William Norris, born in 1890 at Baltimore, Md., he graduated in 1908 from the Baltimore City College, received an M.A. in 1915 from Princeton, and in the following year graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary. For seventeen years he was a Presbyterian missionary and teacher in Persia; afterwards he was active on the American West Coast. In 1932 he was granted an honorary doctorate of divinity by Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. His writings include Adult guide; the Christian mission in a revolutionary world (1955), and Christians, claim your heritage (1967). He died in 1982. WhAm 9 Wysner, Glora May, born in 1898 at Anderson, Ind., she graduated from Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, and Hartford Seminary Foundation and was ordained to the ministry of the Methodist Church in 1932. From 1926 to 1939 she was a missionary in North Africa. She received a Ph.D. in 1942 from Hartford Seminary Foundation forThe Kabyle people. She later served with the Near East Committee as well as the Committee on Missionary Personnel. Her other writings include Near East panorama (1950), and Caught in the middle (1958). IndAu,1917; Master (1); Shavit; WhoAmW, 1958/9-1970/71

Xanalatos, Diogenes A., fl. 1940-1962, he was a writer on Balkan matters. His writings include Bv(avTlva IJEAErrJIJara (1940), 01 EAAfJVE~ nn 01 BuAyapol E/~ tnv MaKEoovlav nn epaKEu (1944), and To apia tou EAAfJvlGIJou E/~ tnv BaAKavlKrJv (1945). NUC, 1956-67; aSK Xlrnenez, Saturino, born in 1852, he was the publisher of Africa espanola. In 1904 he was affiliated with the Sindicato espanol del Norte de Africa, Tanger. He travelled widely in Morocco. His writings include Asia Minor in ruins (1925). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Xlrnenez de Sandoval, Crispin, born 19th cent., he was a military historian and a contributor to La Epoca, Madrid. His writings include Memorias sobre la Argelia (1853), Batalla de Aljubarrota (1872), and Guerras in Africa en la antigOedad (1881). He died in Alicante on 30 December 1881. Indice E3 Xydis (Xydes), Stephen George, born about 1910 in Greece, he graduated in 1935 from the University of Athens. He continued graduate studies in Byzantine art at London and Princeton, where he took his M.A., as well as Harvard, where he was a junior fellow. After the invasion of Greece by the Axis, his interest turned to international relations and history. This interest was accelerated by his war-time experience as the executive secretary of the Greek Government Information Service in the U.S.A. and his postwar experience as a senior information officer of the United Nations Secretariat. In 1956 he took a Ph.D. at Columbia University for The American naval visits to Greece and the eastern Mediterranean in 1946; their impact. He was an associate in public law and government as well as a lecturer on modern Greek affairs at Columbia, a member of the Mershon Center for Education in national security at Ohio State University and, finally, a professor of political science at Hunter College, CUNY. His writings include Greece and the Great Powers, 1944-1947 (1963), Cyprus; conflict and conciliation, 1954-1958 (1967), and Cyprus, the reluctant republic (1973). He died 14 December 1975. Essays on the Cyprus conflict in memory of Stephen G. Xydis (1976); NatFacDr, 1970-1974

Va (71) see IA Ya'ari, Aryeh, Dr., fl. 1980, he was a political scientist whose writings include Le dafi national (Paris, 1978-1979). LC Yaari, Ehud/Ayhud, born 1945 in Palestine, and educated at Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and TelAviv University, he became head of the Arab Desk in the Israeli TV. His writings include Strike terror; the story of Fatah (1970), and Mitsrayim veha Feda'in, 1953-1956 (1975). Wholsrael,1980/81-2002 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Yaari, Shmuel, born 17 February 1925 in Poland, he emigrated in 1935 to Palestine and studied at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. In 1968 he entered the Israeli consular service. WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978 Yacono, Miss Danielle, born 20th cent., she was in 1965 affiliated with the Universite d'Alger, where she received a doctorate in 1968 for L'Ahaggar; essai sur Ie climat de montagne au Sahara. Note Yacono, Xavier Pierre, born 28 March 1912 at Alger, he received a doctorat d'etat in 1953 at Paris for Les Bureaux arabes et t'evotution des genres de vie indigenes dans I'ouest du Tell algerois. He became a professor at the Universite d'Alger and an honorary professor at the Universite de ToulouseIe Mirail. His writings include Histoire de la colonisation trenceise (1969), Un siecle de francmeconnetie algerienne, 1785-1884 (1969), Les Etapes de la decolonisetion trenceise (1971), and De Gaulle et Ie F.L.N. (1989). Unesco Vagi, Viviane Amine, fl. 1962, she published Le Chevalier noir (Paris, 1989) in the series Contes du Soudan. LC

Yahuda, Abraham Shalom Ezekiel, born 18 June 1877 at Jerusalem, he received a Dr.phil. in 1904 from the Universltat Stra~burg for Prolegomena zu einer erstmaligen Herausgabe des Kitab al-hadaja ita fara'id al-qulub (Chobot hallebabot) von Bachja ibn Josef ibn Paquda. He taught Semitic philology successively at Berlin and Madrid. He died in New Haven, Conn., on 13 August 1951. CnDiAmJBi; Egyptology; EncJud; NYT, 14 August 1951, p. 23, col. 3; WhE&EA; Who was who, 5; Wininger

Yajima, Hikoichi, born 24 October 1939, he was affiliated with the Institute of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo. His writings include The Arab dhow trade in the Indian Ocean; preliminary report (1976), and A Chronicle of the Rasulid dynasty of Yemen from the unique manuscript, Paris, no. arabe 4609 (1976), and he was joint author of The Inter-regional trade in the western part of the Indian Ocean; the second report on the dhow trade (Tokyo, 1979). LC Yakashi (Yakaschi), Ali, he received a doctorate in 1968 from the Universitat Gottingen for Forstliche vemeltnisse im Iran. Schwarz

Yakobson, Serguis Ossip, born in 1901 at Moscow, he received his early academic training at the Lazarev Institute for Oriental Languages, Moscow. Following his graduation in 1918, the family fled to Berlin, where he earned a Dr.phil. in 1928 for Der Streit um Elbing in den Jahren 1698 und 1699. He was a research associate in Preufsisches Geheimes Staatsarchiv until 1933, when he had to take up residence in England. With the assistance of Arnold Toynbee, he was appointed honorary lecturer in Russian history at the University of London. In 1940 he went to the United States and a year later was appointed a Rockefeller Fellow in Russian history at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Thus began an association which was to last for thirty-eight years. He died at the George Washington University Hospital in 1979. American historical review 85 (1980), pp. 508-509; AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 89-92; NYT, 16 November 1979, p. D-15, col. 4

Yakovlev, Pavel Luk'yanovich, 1789-1835 see IAkovlev, Pavel Luk'ianovich Yakschitsch, Gregoire, 1871-1955 see Jaksic, Grgur Yalcm, HOseyin Cahit, born in 1874 at Bahkesir, he graduated from MOlkiye, Constantinople, and was a journalist, writer, and translator from the days of the Young Turk movement. He was a member of parliament and a sometime editor of the daily Tanin. He was deported to Malta in 1920, and banned to Corum in 1925. As an opponent to the purism of the Turkish linguistic scociety (TDK), he had a hard time living of his publicatlons until 1943, when he was elected to the national assembly. Since 1948 he was editor of the political news paper Ulus. He was a delegate to the U.N. Conciliation Committee on Pakistan, and the Parliamentary Delegation to the UK. He died in Istanbul in 1957. AnaBbrit; EIS; Meydan; PTF II, 541-43; ZUrcher, 350

Yale, William, born 6 August 1887 at Dobbs Ferry, New York, he was a graduate of Yale University. He was in the service of oil prospecting in the Near and Middle East and travelled, partly in disguise, throughout the region from 1913 to 1917. Thereafter he worked for U.S. Intelligence, was adviser to the King-Crane Commission as well as to the American delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He later was in business in Cairo, and a professor of history at the University of New Hampshire in 1929. He wrote The Near East; a modern history (1958). He died 26 February 1975. Shavit Yalin-Mor, Nathan, born in 1913 at Grodno, Lithuania, he was educated in Poland and in 1941 went to Palestine. He was a trained engineer who became a political activist and writer on the Arab-Israeli conflict. He edited the journal Etgar and wrote Lohame herut Yisrael (1974). He died in 1980. Bioln 9, 12; LC; Wholsrael, 1966/67-19781; WhoWorJ, 1972, 1978

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Yalman, Ahmed Emin, born in 1888 at Thessaloniki, he graduated from Columbia University, N.Y.C., and returned to Constantinople, where he served from 1914 to 1920 as a lecturer in sociology and statistics at the Darulfunun, concurrently pusuing a career in journalism since 1919. In the same year he was banned by the sultan to Kotahya, and in 1920 deported by the British to Malta. After his return to Turkey, he declined prestigious offers from the government and continued his journalistic career, founding in 1923 the newspaper Vatan. He was one of the founders of the Liberal International in 1947, and the International Press Institute in 1950. In 1952 he narrowly escaped an attempt on his life by fundamentalists. His writings include The development of modern Turkey (1914), Gergekle§en rOya (1938), Turkey in my time (1956), and Yekm tarihte gordaklerim ve gegirdiklerim (1970-71). He died in 1973. AnaBrit; Meydan; NYT 20 December 1972, p. 46, cols. 2&3; Zurcher Yamada, Minoru, born 17 October 1930 in Japan, he was a professor at Kyoto. He was joint author of Larestani studies: (1) Lari basic vocaburary (Tokyo, 1979), as well as other writings in Japanese. LC Yamuni, Vera, fl. 1968, her writings include Cuentos de la montana libanesa (Mexico, 1961). LC Yanguas Messia, Jose, 1890- see Santa Clara de Avedillo, Jose de Yanguas y Messia, vizconde de Yanuck, Martin, born 28 March 1936 at Newark, N.J., he graduated in 1958 from Rutgers University and received a Ph.D. in 1973. In the same year he became a professor of Asian history at Spelman College, Atlanta, Ga. He was a member of the Committee on South Asian Library Resources and Documentation. He died in 1988. DrAS, 1974, 1978, 1982 H; LC; WhAm 10; WhoSSW, 1986/87 Yapp, Malcolm Edward, born in 1931 at Birmingham, he received a Ph.D. in 1959 from SOAS for British policy in Central Asia. He was a professor of modern history of western Asia in the University of London until his retirement in 1993. His writings include Strategies of British India (1977), The Making of the modern Near East, 1792-1923 (1987), and The Near East since the first World War (1991). Private; Sluglett; WrDr, 1992/94-2003

Yaralov, Youri see IAralov, IUrii Stepanovich Yassukovich, Stanislav Michael, born in 1935 at Paris, he was a British banker whose writings include Oil and money flows, the problem of recycling (1975) as well as articles in financial periodicals. Bioln 12; IntWW, 1989-2003; Who, 1987-2003

Yate, Arthur Campbell, born in 1853, he studied at St. John's College, Oxford, and entered the Army in 1875. After serving for three years with the 1st West India Regiment, he was transferred to the Bombay Staff Corps. He was a participant in the second Afghan War and a member of the Afghan Boundary Commission. He retired from the active list of the Indian Army in 1904. His writings include England and Russia face to face in Asia; travels with the Afghan Boundary Commission (1887), and Lieutenant-colonel John Haughton, commandant of the 36th Sikhs (1900). He died in Shifnal, 12 June 1929. Buckland; JRCAS 16 (1929), pp. 408-410; Riddick; Who was who 3 Yate, Sir Charles Edward, born in 1849, he was educated at Shrewsbury and subsequently entered the Indian Army, advancing to the rank of colonel in 1901. Soon after reaching India he took part in Lord Roberts' march from Kabul to the relief of Kandahar, where he was appointed Political Officer until its evacuation by the British in 1881. After his retirement he was for fifteen years a Conservative M.P. His writings include Northern Afghanistan; or, The Letters from the Afghan Boundary Commission (1888), and Khurasan and Sistan (1900). He died at his home in Shropshire in 1940. Britlnd (2); Buckland; DNB; IndianBilnd (4); JRCAS 27 (1940), pp. 250-51; Riddick; WhE&EA; Who was who 3

Yates, William, born in 1792 in Loughborough, England, he studied at the Baptist College at Bristol and was ordained in 1814. In the following year he went to India under the Baptist Missionary Society. Since 1818 he was established at Calcutta. His writings include Introduction to the Hindoostanee language (1827), Dictionary, Hindustani and English (1847), and A Bengali grammar (1849). He died on 3 July 1845 at sea. Buckland; DNB; IndianBiind (1); Riddick Yavari-d'Heliencourt, Nouchine, born 20th cent., she was an Iranian sociologist and since 1989 affiliated with the C.N.R.S., Paris. She was joint translator of a selection from the Persian of 'Ali Shari'ati entitled Histoire et destinee (1982), she edited Les Otages emenceins a Teheran (1992), and she was joint editor of Les Femmes en Iran (1998). AnEIFr, 1989, 1995, 1997; Livres disponibles, 2004 Yedor, Leo, born in 1916, he received a Ph.D. in 1946 from the University of Chicago for Papal relations in Spain, 1936-1939. NUC, pre-1956 Yegar, Moshe, born 30 October 1930 in Palestine, he was a graduate of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1977 for Islam and Islamic institutions in British Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Malaya, 1874-1941. He later joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ha-Kir'ya, Jerusalem. His writings include the commercial edition of his thesis and a work in Hebrew. IWWAS,1976/77; Master (1)

Yeghiazarof, S. A., born 1852 see Egiazarov, Solomon Adamovich Yeghiyan, Puzant, 1900- see Eghiayean, Biwzand Yeld, Evelyn Rachel, born 11 October 1927 at Thames Ditton, England, she graduated in 1949 from the University of London and received her M.A. from LSE. She was a sometime Adult Woman Education Officer in Northern Nigeria. Her writings include the booklet, Continuity and change in Kiga patterns of marriage (1966). NUC,1968-1972; Unesco Yeld, George, born about 1845, he was a sometime editor of The Alpine journal. His writings include Scrambles in the eastern Graians, 1878-1897 (1900), and he was joint author of The Mountains of Cogne (1893). NUC, pre-1956

Yellin, David, born in 1864 at Jerusalem, he was a Zionist pioneer and an educator who in 1884 became a teacher of Hebrew and Arabic at the school of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, Jerusalem, and later a lecturer in Hebrew at the Hebrew University. He was joint author of Maimonides (1903), and he translated into Hebrew the Turkish agrarian laws as well as the Arabian nights. He died in CnDiAmJBi; EncJud; 1941. Shalom Kassan wrote David Yelin, hamehanekh veha-manhig (1980).

JOdLex; Wininger

Yeprem Khan, born in 1868, he was an Armenian leader of a small but well-disciplined force which dealt piecemeal with tribal rebels in central Persia in 1910. He wrote Az AnzalTta Tlhren (2536/1977). He died 20 May 1912. Armenia 6 (1912/13), pp. 10-11; LC

Yerasimos, Stefanos/Stephane, born in 1942 at Istanbul, he studied architecture at the Fine Arts Academy, Istanbul, and urban planning in France, receiving doctorates from the Universite de Paris for Turquie; processus d'un sous-deveioppemem. and Les Voyageurs dans I'Empire ottoman oavemexvteme slectes); bibliographie, ltinereire et inventaire des lieux habites, in 1973 and 1986 respectively. In 1983 he was on the teaching staff of the Universite de Paris at Vincennes, and in 1993 he was a professor at the Institut francais d'urbanisme, Champs-sur-Marne. His writings include La Fondation de Constantinople et de Sainte-Sophie dans les traditions turques (1990), its Turkish translation in 1993), and Questions d'Orient (1993). EURAMES,1993; Note; THESAM,4 Yerlashova, S. M. see Erlashova, Sofia Mikhailovna Yetiv, Isaac, born in 1929 at Nabeul, Tunisia, he was a graduate of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and received a Ph.D. in 1970 from University of Wisconsin for Le theme de I'alienation dans Ie roman meqnrebln d'expression ttenceise de 1952 1956. He was a science teacher before he started a career as professor of Hebrew and French successively at the University of Wisconsin and the University of Akron, Ohio, a post which he still held in 1995. His writings include Learn Hebrew (1973), and 1,001 proverbs from Tunisia (1987). DrAS, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; NatFacDr, 1995; Selim

a

Yirmisekiz Mehmed Celebi, he was a native of Edirne, who travelled in 1721 as special envoy of Sultan Ahmed III to Paris. There are two translations of his travel account: Relation de I'ambassade de Mehemet-Efendi a la court de France (1757), and Le Paradis des tntiaetes (1981). He died in Nicosia (l.efkose) in 1732. Bacque, pp. 113-114; Meydan

Yisraeli, David, fl. 1975, he was a modern historian who wrote ha Raikh ha-germani ve-Erets Yisrael (1970). LC

Yizhar, Michael, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1969 from the New School for Social Research, New York, with a thesis entitled The Eisenhower doctrine; a case study of American foreign policy formulation and implementation. He was a sometime librarian at the Hebrew Teachers' College, Boston. His writings include Bibliography of Hebrew publications on the Dead Sea scrolls, 1948-1964 (1967), and Artsot ha-berit veha Mizrah ha-tikhon (1973). Note; NUC,1968-1977; Selim

Yodfat, Aryeh Y., born in 1923, he received a Ph.D. in 1962 from the American University for The Jewish question in American-Russian relations, 1875-1917. He was a sometime professor at the Shiloah Institute of Tel Aviv University. His writings include Arab politics in the Soviet mirror (1973), and The People's Republic of China and the Middle East (1977). NUC

Yohannan, Abraham, born in 1823, he received a Ph.D. in 1902 from Columbia University for A Modern Syriac-English dictionary. He was a sometime minister at St. Bartholomew's Church, N.Y.C., and a lecturer in Oriental studies at Columbia. His writings include A Church of martyrs (1916), and The death of a nation; or, The ever persecuted Nestorians or Assyrian Christians (1916). He died on 9 November 1925. DcNAA; Note Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Yohannan, John David, born 10 May 1911 in Persia, he graduated in 1935 from City College of New York and received a Ph.D. in 1947 from New York University for Persian poetry in England to Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat. He served as a professor of English at his alma mater until he became a professor emeritus in 1976. He was a Fulbright professor of American literature at Thessaloniki, Athens, and Tokyo. His writings include A Treasury of Asian literature (1956), Persian poetry in England and America (1977), The Poetry of Saldi (1987), and he was joint editor of New writing from the Middle East (1978). DrAS, 1969 E, 1974 E, 1978 E, 1982 E; Note Yohe, Ralph Sandin, born 27 June 1920 at Mt. Erie, Illinois, he graduated in 1943 from the University of Illinois, School of Agriculture, and did post-graduate studies at the University of Chicago, 1947/48. He was from 1957 to 1982 an editor of the Wisconsin agriculturist. He was a sometime president, Near Eastern Art Research Center as well as a trustee emeritus, Textile Museum, Washington, D.C. His writings include What our farmers can learn from other lands (1953), and he was joint author of From the Far West; carpets and textiles from Morocco (1980). WhoAm, 1974/75-1988/89; WhoMW, 1982/83 Yorke, Valerie M. B., born in 1946, he received an M.A. from the University of Edinburgh in 1972. He was a Middle East editor with the Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd, free-lance writer, broadcaster on the Middle East, a sometime research associate with the Royal Institute of International Affairs, and a member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, and World Security Trust, London. His writings include The Gulf in the 1980s (1980), Domestic politics and regional security; Jordan, Syria, Israel (1988), and he was joint author of European interests and Gulf oil (1986). DrBSMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; Note

Yorke, Vincent Wodehouse, J.P., M.A:, born in 1869, he was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. He died in 1957. Master (1); Who, 1936-1957; Who was who 5; Who's who in Gloucestershire, 1934 Yost, Charles Woodruff, born in 1907 at Watertown, N.Y., he served as U.S.ambassador successively to Syria and Morocco from 1958 to 1961, and subsequently became an American representative to the United Nations. His writings include The Age of triumph and frustration (1963). He died in 1981.

Amlndex (1); Bioln 4,5,8,11,12,16; Blue B, 1973/74, 1975, 1976; ConAu 9-12,104, new rev. 3; CurBio, 1959, 1981; Master (1); WhAm, 8,10; Who, 1970-1981; WhoAm,1974175-1982; WhoGov, 1972/73, 1975; Who was who 8; WhoWor, 1974/75

Young, Alexander, born in 1836 at Boston, he graduated in 1862 from Harvard Law School and subsequently practised at Boston. When the Globe was founded in 1872 also became its associate editor. His writings include Why we live (1880), History of the Netherlands (1884), and A Short history of the Netherlands (1886). He died in Boston in 1891. ACAB; Amlndex (1); DcNAA; Master (1) Young, Arthur Nichols, born in 1890 at Los Angeles, he there graduated from Occidental College; he pursued graduate studies at Princeton and George Washington universities and became a financial adviser to China, Saudi Arabia and Latin America. His writings include Saudi Arabia; the making of a financial giant (1983). He died in 1984. Amlndex (2); Au&Wr,1949; ConAu 9-12,113; Master (2); NYT, 24 August 1984, p. D15, col. 6; Shavit; Shavit-Asia; WhAm 9; WhNAA; WhoAm, 1974/75-1984; WhoFI, 1983/84; WhoW, 1960; WrDr, 1976/78-1984/86

Young, Charlotte Elizabeth, born in 1895, she was a missionary under the Presbyterian Church and a sometime teacher at Alborz College, Tehran. Her writings include Speak to us of love (1959), and Memoirs and letters of Charlotte Elizabeth Young, 1895-1982 (1982). She died in 1982. LC; Note Young, Edward Hilton, Baron Kennet, born in 1879, he was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, and called to the bar from the Inner Temple in 1904. He was an economist and politician who served in 1921 as financial secretary to the British Treasury. His writings include The System of national finance (1915). He died in 1960. DNB; Master (5); NYT, 12 July 1960, p. 35, col. 4; Who was who, 5 Young, Gavin David, born in 1928, he was a traveller and foreign correspondent with The Observer, covering wars, particularly in the Muslim world. His writings include Return to the marshes; life with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq (1977), and Iraq, land of two rivers (1980). He died in 2001. Bioln 12, 15, 16; ConAu 143,192; DLB 204 (1999), pp. 309-315; Who, 1989-2001

Young, Sir George, born in 1872, he was educated at Eton and abroad. From 1896 to 1906 he was with the British diplomatic service, mainly in the Balkans. After the Great War he was a Daily News correspondent, professor of Portuguese, and examiner in Ottoman law at London University. His writings include Corps de droit ottoman (1905-1906), Nationalism and war in the Near East (1921), Constantinople (1926), its translation, Constantinople depuis les originesjusquB nosjours (1934), and Egypt (1927). He died in 1952. Britlnd (1); Master (1); WhE&EA; Who was who 5 Young, George Armstrong, he was in 1946 a member of the English Baptist Missionary Society and served as a missionary in China. His writings include The living Christ in modern China (1948). Lodwick Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Young, George Frederick, born in 1886, he was educated at Malborough College and in 1865 entered the Army and rose to the rank of brigadier-general. He served in Afghanistan from 1879 to 1886. His writings include The Mediici (1909). He died in 1919. Who was who 2 Young, Gerard Mackworth, born in 1884, he was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. He entered the Indian Civil Service in 1907 and served in India until his retirement in 1934. He died in 1965. Bbritlnd (1); IndianBiind (2); WhE&EA; Who, 1936-1965; Wholndia, 1927; Who was who 6 Young, Herrick Black, born in 1904 at Marsgfield, Wisc., he graduated in 1925 from Indiana University and was granted honorary doctorates. He was from 1925 to 1927 a teacher at Alborz College, Tehran and later became a college president and foundation official. His writings include Moslem editors say; a selection of excerpts from the Moslem press (1937), and One great fellowship (1939). He died in 1990. NYT, 17 February 1990), p. 33, col. 4; WhAm 10; WhoAm, 1974/75-1980; WhoMW, 1958; WhoWor, 1974/75 Young, Major Sir Hubert Winthrop, born in 1885, he was educated at Eton and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He served in India since 1908 and from 1915 to 1917 he was assistant Political Officer in Mesopotamia. His writings include The Independent Arab (1933). He died in 1950. Britlnd (1); DNB; Master (1); NYT, 22 April 1950, p. 19, col. 3; Who,1929-1949; Who was who 4

Young, John Cameron, born in 1859 in England, he learned very early invaluable lessons in the school of toil. At ten years of age he began to work, and, in due course, became an apprentice joiner in Glasgow. Soon afterwards he made the dedication to the service of Christ. When he came to London, he offered his service to the Missionary Society. Without education and training he could not be accepted, and to obtain these no help could be offered. With grim determination he eventually entered Glasgow University, took his medical degree, and attended divinity classes at the Glasgow Free Church College. In 1892 he was ordained. He served his seven years of missionary apprenticeship in Southern Arabia. He learned Arabic and did his medical and surgical work at Shaykh 'Uthman in unsuitable premises and sometimes single-handed except for the aid of native helpers. On Sundays he became the Presbyterian minister of Aden, ten miles away. For his services to the populace, especially in seasons of plague and famine, he received two Kaiser-i-Hind medals. He died 2 February 1926 in Addis Abeba, where he had gone to recuperate from a severe attack of influenca. His writings include Children of Arabia (1910). sic: Missionary review of the world, n.s., 39 (1926), pp. 444-446 Young, Lewis, fl. 1972, he graduated in history from Lincoln University, Pa.

Note

Young, M. J. L., born 20th cent., he was attached in 1976 to the Department of Semitic Studies in the University of Leeds. He was joint editor and translator of The Lamp of the intellect of Severus ibn a/Muqaffa' (1975), Arab stories - East and West (1977), and Affliction's physic and the curse of sorrow (1978). lC Young, Marianne, 19th cent. see Postans, Marianne Young, Oran Reed, born 15 March 1941 at Yonkers, N.Y., he graduated in 1962 from Harvard and received his Ph.D. in 1965 from Yale. He was successively affiliated with the Center of International Studies, Princeton, N.J., the University of Texas, and the University of Maryland as a professor of politics and government. His writings include Resource regimes (1982), and he edited Bargaining; formal theories of negotiation (1975), and he was joint editor of Global environment change (1992).

AmM&WS, 1873, 1978 S; ConAu 190, 112; IntAu&W, 1986; WhoAm, 1974/75-1995

Young, Theodor Cuyler, born 16 August 1900 at Moosic, Pa., he graduated in 1922 from the College of Wooster, Ohio (which awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1960) and received a Ph.D. in 1963 from the University of Pennsylvania for Proto-historic western Iran; he took graduate work concurrently at Princeton University and Princeton Theological Seminary. After two years of Church service he went in 1927 for seven years to Iran as a missionary. Following further specialized work at Chicago's Oriental Institute he began his academic career in 1938 at Toronto. In the second World War he served with the Office of Strategic Studies and from 1944-46 as the first public affairs officer in the American Embassy at Tehran. From 1947 to his retirement in 1969 he was a professor in the Department of Oriental Studies at Princeton. His writings include Excavations at Godin Tepe (1969), and he edited Near Eastern culture and society; a symposium (1951). He died in Princeton on 31 August 1976. Bioln (2); DrAS, 1969, 1974 H; MEJ 30 (1976), pp. 517-18 Young, Warren Lee, born 29 March 1949 at Brooklyn, N.Y., he received a B.Sc. in 1970 from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and a Ph.D. in 1979 from Churchill College, Cambridge. Since 1985 he was a sociologist and economist at Wolfson College, Cambridge. His writings include Minorities and the military (1982). WhoWor, 1987/88

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Young, Wayland Hilton, Baron Kennet, born in 1923 at London, he was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, served with the British Foreign Office, 1946-47 and 1949-51, and subsequently wrote for the observer and the Manchester Guardian. His writings include The Italian left (1949), Strategy for survive! (1959), The Profumo affair (1963), Eros denied (1964), and Still no disarmament (1973).

Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; BlueB, 1973/74-1976; ConAu 13-16; IntAu&W, 1986-2001/2002; IntWW, 1974-2003; Master «2); Who, 1969-2003; WrDr, 1980/82-2002

Young, William, born 19th cent., he was a sometime judicial commissioner of Oudh in the Indian Civil Service. He died before 1906. Note Young, William G., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1973 from the University of Glasgow for Patriarch, shah, and caliph; a study of the relationships of the Church of the East with the Sassanid Empire and the early caliphates up to 820 A.D. Sluglett Young, Sir William Mackworth, born in 1840 at Cookham, Berkshire, he was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, where he subsequently held a fellowship until 1869. He entered the Indian Civil Service in 1862 and was posted to the Punjab in 1863, and from 1897 to 1902 served as lieutenant-governor. He then retired to St. Leonard-on-Sea, Sussex, near which he died in 1924. Britlnd (5); Buckland; DNB; IndianBilnd (2); Riddick

Younger, Sam, fl. 1976-1978, he was a broadcaster on Middle Eastern affairs, an assistant editor of the Middle East international, and a contributor to The World to-day. Note Younghusband, Sir George John, born in 1859, he entered the British Army in 1878 and served in the Sudan, India, and South Africa. In 1917 he was appointed keeper at Jewel House in the Tower of London. His Sudanese experiences are embodied in his Forty years a soldier (1923). His other writings include The Relief of Chitral (1895), Indian frontier warfare (1898), and A Soldier's memories in peace and war (1917). He died in 1944. Britlnd (2); Hill; Master (4); Riddick; WhE&EA; Who was who 4 Younghusband, Sir Francis Edward, born 31 May 1863 at Murree, Punjab. After passing through the Royal Military College at Sandhurst he was posted in 1882 to Rawalpindi. He was a great frontier officer who crossed the Gobi Desert and was the first Westerner to explore the route from Yarkand to Skardu. After his retirement from the Army, he was a president of the Royal Geographical Society. He was also a founding member of the Royal Central Asian Society. He died in 1942. G. Seaver wrote Francis Younghusband, explorer and mystic (1952), and Anthony Verrier, Francis Younghusband and the Great Game (1991). DNB; JRCAS, 1942, pp. 283-84; Werist's,1909; Who was who, 4 Younis, Adele Linda nee Najjar, she graduated in 1933 from Rhode Island College and received a Ph.D. in 1961 from Boston University for The coming of the Arabic-speaking people to the United States. She was since 1965 a professor of history at Salem State College. Her writings include the booklet, A bicentennial presentation; our Near Eastern heritage (1976). DrAS, 1969-1982 H; WhoAmW, 1968/69-1981/82; WhoE, 1974-1981; Selim

Youssef, Nadia Haggag, she received a Ph.D. in 1970 from University of California at Berkeley with a thesis entitled Social structure and female labor force participation in developing countries Selim Youvatschef, I. P., 1860- see IUvachev, Ivan Pavlovich Yovanovitch, Branko, fl. 1938, he was joint author of Composition et genese probable de quelques terres aeooioremes nord-africaines (Rabat, 1936). NUC, pre-1956 Yriatre, Charles Emile, born in 1832 at Paris, he was educated at the tycee Bonaparte and in 1852 entered the Ecole des beaux-arts as a student in architecture. In the late 1850s he was appointed inspector of public works, a post which he later resigned in order to turn to writing. He was a sometime special correspondent to the Monde iuusir« and accompanied the Spanish army during its 1859 Moroccan campaign. His writings include Sous la tente; souvenirs du Maroc, recits de guerre et de voyage (1863), Bosnie et Herzegovine; souvenirs de voyage pendant I'insurrection (1876), its translation, La Bosnia e I'Erzegovina (1876), and its Serbo-Croation translation in 1981. He died in 1898. BbD; BiD&SB; Bitard; Bitard2 ; Dantes 1; EncicUni; IndexBFr2 (2); Glaeser; Master (1); Vapereau Yu (10) see IU Yule, Sir Henry, born in 1820 at Inveresk, Scotland, he was educated at the East India Company's military school and rose to the rank of colonel. He was engaged in India on public works, but finally retired and went to Italy. His writings include A Narrative of the mission sent by the governor-general of India to the Court of Ava in 1855 (1856), and Cathay and the way thither (1866). He died in London in 1889. BbD; BiD&SB; Britlnd (2); Buckland; DNB; Embacher; IndianBilnd (2); Mason; Master (2)

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682 Yule, William, born in 1764 at Inveresk, Scotland, he was a cadet in 1780 and in the following year sailed for India. He was commissioned a lieutenant in the 36th Battalion Sepoy in July 1787. He was postmaster at Lucknow in 1800 and from 1804 to his retirement in 1808 he served successively as assistant first to the Resident at Lucknow and then the Resident at Delhi. A major since 1806, he was at one point offered the appointment of lieutenant-governor of St. Helena. His writings include the private publication, Apothegms of Alee , the son of Abo Talib, with an early Persic paraphrase, and an English translation (Edinburgh, 1832). He died in Edinburgh, 6 October 1839. BlC; IndianBiind (2) Yung, Walter, born 18 August 1903 at Geneve, he was from 1932 to 1941 a jUdge in lower court in Geneve. His writings include Etudes et articles (Memotres publies par la Faculte de droit de Geneve, n° 32, 1971). lC; WhoSwi,1950/51-1974/75 Yushkevich, A. P., 1906- see IUshkevich, Adol'f Pavlovich Yushmanov, Nikolai V., 1896-1946 see IUshmanov, Nikolai Vladimirovich Yver, Georges Octave Thedore, born 19th cent., he was a sometime professor of African history at the Universite d'Alger and a president of the Section historique et archeoloqlque of the Societe de geographie d'Alger. His writings include Le Commerce et les marchands dans t'ltelie meridionale au Xllie et au XIVe siecle (1903), and he was joint author of Histoire de I'Algerie (1927), and L'Afrique du Nord trencelse dans l'hlstolre (1937). Note; NUC, pre-1956 Yves-Guyot, Prosper, 1843-1928 see Guyot, Yves Prosper Zaba, August Kosciesza, 1801-1894 see Jaba, Auguste Zabel, Carl Hugo Rudolf, born 1 September 1876 at Wollin, Saxony, he studied law, political economy, philosophy and ethnology at Marburg and Leipzig. He was an editor of the Shanghai daily Der Ostasiatische Lloyd and subsequently became a free-lance writer. His writings include 1m muhammedanischen Abendlande; Tagebuch einer Reise durch Marokko (1905), Zu unruhiger Zeit in Marokko (1911), 1m Kampfe um Konstantinopel und die wirtschaftliche Lage der TOrkei wahrend des Weltkrieges (1916), and he edited Erlebnisse berOhmter Forscher unter den Wilden von Ozeanien -Indien - Afrika

(1910). DtBiind (2); Werist's, 1909-1928

Zaborov, Mikhail Abramovich, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in history. His writings include Kpecmoeue noxoou (1956), its Arabic translation in 1986, ttencmeo u «pecmoeue noxoobl (1960), Beeoenue B ucmopuoepeiputo «pecmoeux nOXOaOB (1966), and /lTcmopufi «pecmoeux nOXOaOB B aOKyMeHmaX u Mamepuanax (1977). lC Zaborowski-Moindron, Sigismond, born 11 November 1851 at La Creche (Deux-sevres), he was educated at the Lycee Bonaparte (Condorcet), Paris, and started to study medicine at the Universite but dropped out shortly after the Franco-German war to pursue a career in scholarly publishing. He was a sometime secretary of the Societe d'anthropologie, Paris. His writings include De l'Anciennete de rnomme (1874), L'Origine du langage (1879), its translation, Origine dellinguaggio (1882), and Les Peuples aryens d'Asie et d'Europe (1908). He died in 1928. BbD; BiD&SB; Curinier 2 (1901), pp. 165-167; Vapereau; Wer ist's, 1909

Zaborski, Andrzej, born in 1942, he was an anthropologist and Hamito-Semitic scholar whose writings include Studies in Hamito-Semitic (1975), The Verb in Cushitic (1975), The Morphology of nominal plural in the Cushitic languages (1986), and he was joint author of Speech variation in Somalia (1986). Zaccagnini, Carlo, born 20th cent., his writings include Lo scambio del doni nel Vivino Oriente durante i secoli XV-XVIII (Roma, Centro per Ie antichita e la storia dell arte del Vicino Oriente 1973). NUC, 1973-77 Freiherr von Zach, Franz Xaver, born in 1754 at Pest, Hungary, he was an officer in the Austrian Engineers and from early youth pursued an interest in astronomy. After resigning the army, he successively entered the service of Saxon dukes who were amateur astronomers and who supplied him with research facilities. Troubled by kidney stones in later years, he went to Paris to seek relief from this ailment, but died there of cholera in 1832. His writings include Tabulae motuum solis novae et correctae (1792), and Tables abregees et portatives de la lune (1809). ADtB 44, pp. 613-615; DtBE; DtBilnd (3); DcScB; Pallas; RNl; Wurzbach

Zachariadou, Elisavet Alexandrou, born 11 June 1931 at Thessaloniki, she studied at Athens and SOAS and became a member of the Turkish Studies Association. Her writings include Trade and crusade (1983), Romania and the Turks (1985), and totoota Kal epUAOI TWV naAaICiJv LOUATUVWV (1991). In 1993 she edited The Ottoman Emirate, 1300-1389. EVl,1996/97-2001

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Zachariae, Theodor Victor Hugo, born 3 February 1851 at GroBkmehlen, Saxony, he studied classical philology and Sanskrit at GOttingen and Leipzig, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1875 for De dictione Babriana. He spent a year or so doing research at the Bodleian, Oxford, the India Office and the British Museum, London, before gaining a Dr.habil. in 1879. From 1890 to 1921 he was a professor of Indian studies at Halle. His writings include Die indischen W6rterbacher (1897). He died in in Halle on 5 May 1934. DtBE; KOrschner, 1925-1931; Stache-Rosen, pp. 115-16 Zacharko, Mme. E., born 19th cent. see Zakharko, Mme. E. Zache, Hans. born in 1869, he was an authority on politics, colonial affairs and economics and a sometime subject specialist at Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut (later Hamburgisches Weltwirtschaftsinstitut). His writings include Mit dem Kronprinzen durch Indien (1911), Die Ausbildung der Kolonia/beamten (1912), and he edited Das deutsche Kolonialbuch (1925). He died in 1930. KOrschner, 1925-31 Zadil, Ekmel, born early 20th cent., he received a doctorate in 1941 at GOttingen for Die Besteuerung des Grund und Bodens in der Tarkei; eine vergleichende Untersuchung. Schwarz

Zadneprovskii, IUrii Aleksandrovich, born 25 September 1924 at Gatchina, Russia, he graduated in 1950 in history at Leningrad and received his first degree in 1954 for ,apeeHRR (/)epaaHa and a doctorate in 1978 for LfycmcKaR Kynbmypa (/)epaaHblu naMRmHUKU pennexnee». eeKa CpeoHyCi A3UU. Since 1954 he was affiliated with the Leningrad Section of the Archeological Institute, Academy of Science. His writings include Apxeonceuuue naMRmHUKU IO>KHbIX oeaonoe OwcKoCi o6nacmu (1960), ,apeeHe-3eMneOenblJeCKR Kynbmypa (/)epaaHbl (( 1962), and he was joint author of CpeoHRR A3UU e opeenocmu u cpeoHeeeKoebe (1963). Miliband2 ; Schoeberlein Zadok, Ran, fl. 1976, he wrote On West Semites in Babylonia during the Chaldean and Achaemenian periods; an onomastic study (Jerusalem, 1977). Zador, Heinrich (Henry Bela), born 24 May 1905 at Budapest, he received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1928 from the Universitat ZOrich for Die Bedeutung der Donau far den ungarischen Auf3enhandel vor und nach dem Weltkrieg. He was a member of the International P.E.N., residing in Tel Aviv. His writings include Hittin; ein Kreuzfahrergroman (1963), and Der Weg nach Hittin; Aufbruch und Verfall der Kreuzzugsidee (1966). He died in October 1981. KDtLK, 1963-1978, Nekrolog, 1971-1998 Zaehner, Robert Charles, born 8 April 1913 of Swiss parents who had emigrated to England, he was a graduate of Christ Church College, Oxford. He became a Catholic in 1946. As part of his war service he spent the years 1943 to 1947 at the British Embassy in Tehran. He returned to Oxford, where in 1950 he became a lecturer in Persian. In 1952 he was elected to the Spalding Chair in Eastern Religions and Ethics. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1966. His writings include Hindu and Muslim mysticism (1960), The Catholic Church and world religions (1964), and Drugs, mysticism and make believe (1972). He died 24 November 1974. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; Bioln,11; ConAu, 109; BSMES bulletin 3 (1976), 66-67; BSOAS 38 (1975), 623-24; ConAu, 109; Who was who, 7

Zafrani, Harm, born 20th cent., his writings include Pedagogie juive au terre d'islam (1969), Etudes et recherches sur la vie intellectuelle juive au Maroc (1972-1986), Mille ans de vie juive au Maroc (198386), and Ethique et mastique; judaisme en terre d'islam (1991). LC Zafrulla Khan, Muhammad, born in 1893 in India, he was educated at Government College, Lahore, King's College, London, and admitted to the bar from Lincoln's Inn. He was a permanent representative of Pakistan to the U.N.O., a president of the U.N. General Assembly, and a judge in the International Court of Justice, den Haag. When the Pakistani president Bhutto in 1981 declared the Ahmadiyya non-Muslim, Zafrulla Khan left Pakistan and settled in England. He returned to Lahore to die at Lahore, 1 September 1985. AnObit, 1985, pp. 504-506; Master (6); Who,1948-1985; WhoUN,1975; Who was who 8; WhoWor, 1974/75, 1976/77

Zagarell, Allen, born 3 June 1941 at NYC., he was educated in NYC and began his studies at the City College of New York. In 1962 he was forced to interrupt his education for financial reasons and worked as an electrician, attending university at night at first, and finally returning full-time. After obtaining a B.A., he went to the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, to pursue ancient Near Eastern studies. He completed his studies with Professor Hans J. Nissen, who had been offered the chair of the Institut fOrVorderasiatische Altertumskunde at the Freie Universitat Berlin, and received a Dr.phil. in 1978 for The role of highland pastoralism in the development of the Iranian civilization. In 1997 he was teaching anthropology at Western Michigan University. Note Zaghi, Carlo, born 27 March 1910 at Argenta (Ferrara), he graduated in liberal arts and became a journalist, specializing in foreign and colonial affairs. Since 1957 he served successively as a professor at the universities of Napoli and Bari. His writings include Le origini della colonia Eritrea Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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(1934), Vita di Romolo Gessi (1939), Gordon, Gessi e la riconquista del Sudan, 1874-1881 (1947), and L'Europa davanti all'Africa (1971). em». 1948, 1957, 1961; IndBiltal (1)

Zagiell, Ignacy, born in 1826 in Poland, he studied medicine at Kiev and Paris, where he received a medical doctorate in 1856. From 1862 to 1864 he travelled in Turkey, Arabia, Abyssinia, and Egypt. His writings include Les Maladies des yeux regnantes en Afrique, en Egypte et en Nubie (1863), Du Clima de I'Egypte et de son influence sur Ie traitement de la phthisie pulmonaire (1866), and Apergu general des formations geologiques de I'Egypte (1872). He died in 1891. Dziekan; NEP; Polski (6) Zagrebel'nye, Viktor Nikolaevich, born 17 July 1939 at Moscow, he graduated in 1964 from the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1977 for Eepone(JcKecxue nexcuuecsue seucmeoeeuun e coepeMeHHoM oapu AcjJaaHucmaHa. From 1969 to 1972 he was employed at the Soviet Bureau in Kabul. Miliband2 ZAhir, Ahmad Jamal, born 20th cent., his writings include Mushkilat al-shabab (al-Zarqa', 1985), alMar'ah al-'ArabTyah (Irbid, 1987), and The Palestinian experience (Wisbech, 1990). LC Zahlan, Antoine Benjamin, born in 1928, he received a Ph.D. in 1956 from Syracuse University for The alpha induced decomposition of ammonia. He was affiliated with the Institute of Palestine Studies, Beirut. His writings include Science and higher education in Israel (1970), Science and science policy in the Arab world (1980), and The Arab construction industry (1983). LC Zahlan, Rosemarie Said, born 20th cent., she was an historian, resident in England, who received a Ph.D. in 1968 from SOAS. Her writings include The origins of the United Arab Emirates (1978), The creation of Qatar (1979), The making of the modern Gulf states (1989), and she was joint editor of Technology transfer and change in the Arab world; proceedings (1977). MESA Roster of members, 1985-90 Zahniser, Alison Howard Mathias, born 1 October 1938 at Washington, D.C., he graduated in 1960 from Greenville College, received a B.D. in 1965 from Asbury Theological Seminary, and a Ph.D. in 1973 from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., for The 'Uthmaniyyah of al-Jahiz; an analysis of content, method and sources. He was successively a professor of religion in the Department of Religion, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, and the Department of Christian Studies, Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, Ky. DrAS, 1974 P, 1978 P,-1982 P; NatFacDr,1995; Private; Selim; WhoRel,1985 Zaidan, Jurji, 1861-1914 see Zaydan, Jurji Zainul Abedin, Syed, 1928-1993 see Abedin, Syed Zainul Zaitsev, Vladislav Nikitich, born 26 March 1941 in Russia, he graduated in 1964 from the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1970 for Bnymouncnumuuecxot: peseumue AcjJaaHucmaHa e 1919-1928 aoobl. Since 1968 he was affiliated with the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow. He edited Hoes» ucmopust MpaHa (1988). Miliband2 Zajaczkowski (3a~oH4KoBCKVI~), Ananiasz, born 12 November 1903 near Wilna, he studied Oriental philology and received a Dr. fil. in 1929, a Dr.habil. in 1933 as well as several honorary doctorates. He held the chair of Turkology for thirty-five years at Warszawa. He was joint author of Zarys dyplomatyki osmansko-tureckiej (1955), and its translation, Handbook of Ottoman-Turkish diploma tics (1968). He died in Roma on 6 April 1970. BAEO 7 (1971), pp. 7-9; Dziekan; Index Islamicus (4); Polski (3); Who's who in the world, 1974/75

ZajClczkowski, Wlodzimierz, born 21 July 1914 at Wilno, Lithuania, he studied Oriental languages, particularly Turkish, from 1933 to 1937 at Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Krakow, where he received doctorates in 1949 and 1955. He spent his entire career with his alma mater, since 1980 as a full professor. His writings include J~zyk i folklor Gagauz6w z Bulgarii (1965), and J~zyk i folklor Tatar6w z Dobrudty z Rumunskte] (1975). He died in Krakow on 3 September 1982. Folia orientalia, 22 (1981/84), pp.373-74

Zakharko (Zacharko), Mme. E., born 19th cent.,she translated from the Russian of P. M. Melioranskii, La Syntax kirghize (Paris, 1921/22). BN Zakharov, Andrei Mikhailovich, he was joint author, with Oleg Ivanovich Fomin, of K3Mn,aaeuo, nonumuse 06pelleHHafi Ha npoean (1982). LC Zakharova, Irina Vital'evna, born 7 December 1923, she received a degree in ethnology in 1946 at Moscow and became affiliated with the Russian Academy of Science at Omsk. Her writings include 3mHoKynbmypHbie npoueccu e 3anaoHo(J Cu6upu (1983), she was joint author of Ka3axcKafi neuuonensee» ooe)J(a (1964), and Kesexcsoe nepoonoe »ainuiue (1989). LC; Schoeberlein Zakher, IA. Mikhailov, fl. 1923 see Mikhailov, fA Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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Zakhidov (Zohidov), Vakhid luldashevich, fl. 1950, his writings include CepOL(eeuHa meopuecmee eenuxoeo ttosme 06 Anuwepe Heeot: (Tashkent, 1970), C03ee30ue eenUKUX (Tashkent, 1973), Oenu ucmopuu, sneccuku U ooepeueunuku (1977), and B Mupe npexpecnoeo (1981). LC Zakhoder, Boris Nikolaevich, born in 1898 in northern Russia, he completed his Orientalist studies at Moscow and subsequently spent considerable time in Persia in order to acquire practical experience in Persian language and culture. In 1935 he was appointed a professor at Moscow, at the same time keeping in close touch with the old centre of Oriental studies at Leningrad, and particularly his friend Ignace Krachkovski. He was a brilliant speaker with an unusually varied record of interest and of work. His writings include KacnUCKUU ceoo ceeonui: 0 Bocmounoii Eepone (1962), ToeapuU(aM oemRM (1966), and a translation from Nizam al-Mulk, Cuacem-HaM3 (1949). He died in Moscow, 7 January 1960. Folia orientalia, 2 (1960), 205-208; Great Soviet encyclopedia; Index Islamicus (3); Miliband; Miliband 2 Zaki, Ahmad, 1867-1934 see Ahmad Zaki Zaki, Yaqub, born James Dickie, on 3 September 1934 at Greenock, Scotland, he was educated in Britain and Spain, and obtained an M.A. (Hons) from Glasgow, a Licentiate (sobresaliente) from Barcelona, 1965, and a Ph.D. from Granada, 1967. He was a lecturer in Islamic studies at Lancaster University, 1969 to 1974, and a chief adviser to the World of Islam Festival, London, between 1974 and 1976. Thereafter he was a writer and film director. He edited and translated EI diwan de Ibn Suhayd al-Andalusi (1975); he was joint editor of the science fiction anthology, The undead (1971), and Hajj in focus (1986). Contemporary authors, 97; WhoEduc, 1974 Zaki Ali, Dr., fl. 1934-1960, he wrote Islam in the world (1938).

LC

Zakiev, Mirfatykh Zakievich, born in 1928, he was a Tatar philologist who was appointed a professor in 1964. From 1954 to 1965 he was affiliated with Kazan University. He SUbsequently became a rector of Kazan Pedagogical Institute. In 1991 he visited SOAS. His writings include Kesencsut: eocyoepcmeennen: neoeeoeu-eceua I1Hcmumym (1974), he was joint editor of CoepeMeHHblu mamapCKUU numepemyonut: R3blK (1969-70), and f/3b1K ymunumepnux U n03mUlieCKUX >KaHpOe naMRmHU«oememepcsocnucuuennocme (1990). Note about the author; TatarES Zakin, Dov, born in 1922 in Poland, he went to Palestine in 1937 and studied at Tel-Aviv. From 1959 to 1961 he was a secretary to the Israeli Peace Movement. Wholsrael, 1969170-1985/86 Zakuev (Zakuzada), Keradi (Kurdi) Magomed-ogly, born in 1888 in Dagestan, he graduated in 1921 from the Faculty of History and Philology, Constantinople, and received a doctorate in 1949 with a thesis entitled 113 ucmopuu ipunocoipcrux U ncuxonoeuuecxuxYlleHuuIX-XI eekoe ne Bocmoxe. From 1922 to 1959 he was affiliated with the Azerbaijan State Pedagogical Institute, Baku.. He became a lecturer in 1933, and a professor in 1949. His writings include Ilcuxonoeue 116H-CuHa (1958), and 113 ucmopuu apa60R3blllHOU noeuku cpeOHUX eesoe (1971). AzarbSE, vol. 4, p. 314; Miliband; Miliband 2 Zaleman, Karl Germanovich, 1849-1916 see Salemann, Karl Gustav Hermann (Germanovich) ZalQski, Bronislaw, born 9 June 1820, he studied at Dorpat and Kharkov, he spent nine years in Orenburg Gouvernement as a political deportee. He subsequently went to Dresden and Paris where he died in 1880. His writings include Z zycia Litwinki, 1827-1874 (1876). Saltischer biographischer Index (1); Polski (10)

Zaliai (Jalai/3aI1f1~), Latyf Zalialetdinovich, born in 1894, he was since 1935 affiliated with the Kazan Pedagogical Institute and received a doctorate in 1954 and was in 1958 appointed a professor. He was joint author of Temepcse» eppa3eonoauR, nocnoeuuu U noeoeopku (Kazan, 1957). He died in 1966. TatarES Zalin, Giovanni, born 20th cent., his writings include Aspetti e problemi dell'economia veneta dalla caduta della Repubblica all'annessione (Vicenza, 1969), L'economia veronese in eta napoleonica (Milano, 1973), and he edited Un secolo di cooperazione di credito nel Veneto (1985). LC Zaloscer, Hildegard, born about 1900, she received a Dr.phil. in 1926 from the Universitat Wien for Die frDhmittelalterliche Dreistreifornamentik der Mittelmeerrandgebiete. She went to Egypt in 1937 to pursue an interest in Coptic art. She became an editor of the journal Belvedere and was since 1937 affiliated with the Institut francais d'archeoloqie orientale and the Service des antiqultes de l'Egypte. In 1947 she began an affiliation with Alexandria University. Her writings include Quelques considerations sur les rapports entre I'art copte et les Indes (Le Caire, 1947), Une collection de pierre sculptees au Musee copte du Vieux Caire (Le Caire, 1948), Pottrets aus dem WDstensand (1961), Agyptische Wirkereien (1962), and Die Kunst im christlichen Agypten (1971). Note Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

686 Zalulian, Manved Karapetovich, born 30 December 1929 at Aleppo, he graduated in 1953 from Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute, and received his first degree in 1959 with a thesis entitled ApMeHuR e nepeoa nonoeune XVI eese. Since 1958 he was affiliated with the Institute of History, Armenian Academy of Science. His writings include Bonoocu opeeHel1 U cpeoHeeeKoeol1 ucmopuu ApMeHuu e oceetuenuu coepeuennoti mypeuxot: ucmopuoepeipuu (1970). Miliband Zatuski, Karol Bernard, born in 1834, he was a sometime Austro-Hungarian envoy to Tehran. He was an Orientalist who translated works of Ignacy Krasicki into Arabic. He died in 1919. Dziekan; Polski (2) Zamanov, Abbas Fattah ogly, born in 1911, he received a doctorate in 1966 and was since 1971 a professor at Baku. He was a sometime director of the State Nizami Museum for Philology and Literature, Azerbajani Academy of Science. His writings include Sabir va muasirlari (Baku, 1973), and Sabir bu gun (1985). AzarbSE, vol. 4, p. 295; LC; Note Zamanova, El'mira Emin kyzy, born 9 April 1933 at Baku, she graduated in 1954 from the Faculty of Philosophy, Moscow, received her first degree in 1965 for np06neMa ce06cobl xyoo)l(ecme. meopuecmee e MapKcucmKo-neHuHcKol1 scmemuse, and her doctorate in 1991 for (/)OpMuposaHue u peseumue HaYlJHO-MamepuanucmulJecol1 scmemuvecsoc Mblcnu e coepeMeHHol1 Typuuu. Since 1967 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Azerbaijan Academy of Science. Her writings include 3cmemUlJeCKaR Mblcnb e ooepeuennot) Typuuu (1991). Miliband2 Ritter von Zambaur, Eduard Carl Max, born the son of a Iieutenant-fieldmarshall on 12 May 1866 at Podgordze, Galicia, he graduated from Theresianische Militarakademie, Wiener-Neustadt. Promoted first lieutenant in 1890, he went to teach at Infanteriekadettenschule, Wien. He subsequently pursued an interest in Oriental languages which he studied at the k.u.k. Lehranstalt fur Orientalische Sprachen. During a research visit to Paris in between semesters, he acquired some Sasanid coins as well as an ancient work on numismatics, two objects which were to become his destiny. He systematically built up a private coin and related book collection and embarked on a career as a private scholar, although without private means. A member of the Viennese numismatic society since 1901, he began to publish in its Mitteilungen. An unkind fate obliged him to sell his coins before the Great War. In 1915, with the rank of colonel, he was posted to Constantinople, where he had the opportunity to make use of his Orientalist training and also build up another coin collection. Haunted by misfortune, he lost it in the autumn of 1918 before crossing into Galicia. Back in Wien, he retired in precarious circumstances so that he had to sell his valuable original Sasanid coin collection. It was of some consolation that it was purchased by Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien. The indefatigable but destitute worker was provided with an office at the Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, where after years of work he completed his Manuel de genealogie et de chronologie pour I'histoire de /'islam (1927). In 1929 he was elected chairman of Numismatische Gesellschaft in Wien, a post which he held until shortly before his death. Despise ill-health and poverty he stoically continued with his second great work, Die MOnzpragungen. Happy to see the first printed proofs despite wartime difficulties, he immediately set upon yet another work which, however, he was unable to complete as he died in Graz on 10 October 1947. KOrschner, 1928/29-1935; Numismatische Zeitschrift 73 (1949/50), pp. 154-155

Zambelli, Andrea, born in 1794 at Lonato, Lombardy, he was educated at the Collegio Cicognini, Prato, and studied at Padova, where he received a doctorate in 1815. He was a professor of history and political science, specializing on the notion of war and religion in ancient and modern nations. His writings include Delle differenze politiche fra i popoli antichi ed i moderni (Milano, 1839), and Sull'estistenza delle antiche caste egiziane negata da J.-J. Ampere (Milano, 1850). He died in Milano in 1861. BiD&SB; IndBiital (3)

Zamir, Meir, he received a Ph.D. in 1980 from LSE for The formation of modern Lebanon, 1918-1926. He became affiliated with Ben Gurion University of the Negev. His writings include The formation of modern Lebanon (1985), and Lebanon's quest; the road to statehood, 1926-1939 (1997). LC; Sluglett Zammit, George (Gorg), born 16 March 1908 at Qormi, Malta, he graduated in 1930 from the Universita Rjali, Malta, and received a B.D. in 1933 from the Pontificia Universlta Gregoriana, Roma, a B.A. (Hons) in 1938 from the University of London, and a LL.D. in 1946 from Rjali Universlta, He published widely in theology, history, European literature, and law, both in English and Maltese. His writings include Adrift (1946). Mifsud Zampaglione, Gerardo, born 1917 at Roma, he studied at the Universita, where he received degrees in law and political science. He entered the Italian foreign service in 1949 and served as ambassador in Kuwait, Pakistan, and India. His writings include Forza e debo/ezza dell'/mpero britannica (1940), L'idea della pace nel mondo antico (1967), its translation, The idea of peace in antiquity (1973), and Storia del Kuwait (1980). Au&Wr, 1963, 1971: ConAu 77-80, new rev., 14; Master (1); WhoWor, 1980/81

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Zamputi, Injac, born 20th cent., his writings include Relacione mbi gjendjen e Shqiparisa veriore e ta memsme na shekullin XVII ((Tirane, 1963-65), and he edited Dokumente par nisionn« e shqiparisa 1479-1506 (1979). lC Zand, Mikhail Isaakovich, born 16 April 1927 at Kamenets-Podolsk, Ukraine, he graduated in 1950 from Moscow State University. Since 1971 he was a professor of Persian and Tajik at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His writings include nucamenu Tao)l(uKucmaHa (1957), lilecm« eesoe cneeu (1964), Six centuries of glory; essays on medieval literature of Iran and Transoxania (1967), Monna Hecoeoou« (1970), and he translated from the Persian of Jamt, /I136paHHoe U3 «nueu n03M (1964). Master (1); WhoWor, 1982/83-1987/88

Zand, Ninella Moisevna, born early 20th cent., her writings include PaccKa3bl nucameneli CyoaHa (1966), Xyoo)l(ecmeeHHaR numepamypa cmpen AeppUKU e coeemcsoii neuemu (1967), and she was joint author of AMUH ep-Penxenu; 6uo-6u6nuoapaepullecKuli yxesemen» (1959). NUC, 1956-1977 Zarden, Erika Lipsky, 1909- see Spivakovsky, Erika Lipsker called Zarden Zander, Giuseppe, born early 20th cent., he was a sometime professor at the Centro di Restauri, Roma, and director of the Isfahan team of the Istituto italiano per iI Medio ed Estremo Oriente. His writings include Scritti suI restauro dei monumenti architettonici (1993), Giuseppe Zander, architetto; note e disegni dall'archivo privato (1997), and he edited Contributi alia storia del'architettura in Sicilia dal medioevo al barocco (1968). lC; Note Zanon, Fernando, fl. 1933-35, he wrote Nella terra dell'ebano vivente (Trieste, 1934), Lungo iI Fiume dei leopardi; romanzo abissino per la gioventu' (Milano, 1936), and La milizia fascista nella guerra d'Ethiopia (Milano, 1936). Firenze Zanan Sayan, Jesus, born 20th cent., he received a doctorate in Arabic philology and became a professor at the Universidad Alicante. Arabismo, 1992, 1994, 1997 Zaragoza, Juan de Miguel see Miguel Zaragoza, Juan de von Zaremba, Felician Martin, born about 1794 in Lithuania, he began his study in 1818 at the Evangelische Missions-Gesellschaft, Basel, and subsequently served at the Shusha station in Azerbaijan. By his complete command of the Russian language and thorough knowledge of the Russian state of affairs, he possessed all the qualities to conduct the many complicated negotiations with the Russian authorities. During the thirteen years of the existence of the mission, its history is in the main the history of his life. He was the author of Jugendleben Felician Zaremba's, Dr.'s der Philosophie und Missionars im Dienste der Evangelischen Missions-Gesellschaft zu Basel (1858), and, together with C. G. Pfander, the translator of an Azeri version of the New Testament. Richter, p. 99-100 Zarhi, Shaul, he was an Israeli journalist who was joint author of The economic conditions of the Arab minority in Israel (1966), and Patterns of land use and land tenure in Israel (1972). lC Zarinezade (Zarinazada), Hasan (Hasan) G., fl. 1959, he wrote Faris dilinda Azarbaijan sozlari A3ep6alio)l(aHCKUe cnoee s neocuocso« R3blKe (Baku, 1962). NUC, 1968-1977

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Zaripov, Sharif, 20th cent., his writings include Ilpouseooumensnue cunu censcxoeo xosnticmee coepeuennoeo AepaaHucmaHa (1972). lC Zarka, Christian, fl. 1965, his writings include Aspects de I'habitat dans les centres miniers de la region de Gafsa (1972), and Berry (1982). lC Zarka, Claude David, born 26 November 1928 at Tunis, he was educated at Tunis and received his doctorate and agregation in economics at Paris. He was a sometime professor and dean at the Faculte de droit et des sciences economiques, Universite d'Aix-Marseille. His writings include Avantage collectif et economie internationale (1956), and Redundancy procedures in selected Western European countries (1966). Salses; WhoFr, 1969/70-1993/941 Zarnowski, Janusz, born 26 April 1932 at Warszawa, he studied at the Uniwersytet Warszawski, where he also received doctorates in 1961 and 1964. He was a sometime professor of history and dean at the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Science. His writngs include Dictatorships in East-Central Europe, 1918-1939 (1983). KtoPolsce, 1993; Who's who in the socialist countries of Europe, 1989; Who's who in the world, 1989/90

Zarour, Mariam, born 20th cent., she studied social sciences and rural development at LSE, and in 1953 she studied community development in the U.S.A., Canada, and Turkey on a scholarship awarded by Unesco. Note about the author

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Zart, Gustav, born 15 January 1852 at Gumbinnen, East Preussia, he won a prize essay for a theological treatise in 1872 at Berlin, a work for which he also received a Dr.phil. from the Unlversitat Halle-Wittenberg entitled De fide historiae trium populi Israelitici patriarcharum in Vetere Testamento traditae. He was a sometime secondary school teacher at Konigsberg. His writings include Einflul3 der englischen Philosophen seit Bacon auf die deutsche Philosophie des 18. Jahrhunderts (1881), Chidher in Sage und Dichtung (1881), and Das menschliche Anziehende in der Erscheinung Jesu Christi (1898). KDtLK,1897-1902 Zartman, Ira William, born 9 January 1932 at Allentown, Pa., he received a Ph.D. in 1956 from Yale University and became a professor of international studies successively at the University of South Carolina, New York University, and Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. His writings include Morocco; powers of a new power (1964), Man,state and society in contemporary Maghrib (1973), Government and politics in North Africa (1977), and International relations in the new Africa (1987). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu, 9-12, new rev., 5; Unesco Zarubin, Ivan Ivanovich, born in 1887 at St. Petersburg, where he studied history and philology; he studied law at Kharkov. He gained a doctorate in 1938 and in the same year was appointed a professor. He held varied posts as ethnographer and museum expert. His writings include 5enyO>KCKUe CKa3U (1932-49), 5apmaHcKue u pyuseucsue mescmu u cnoeepe (1937), and lliyenenckue mekcmu u cnoeep» (1969). He died in 1964. Miliband; Miliband2 Zashchuk, S., fl. 1928, he was joint author of 5nU>KHUU Bocmo« (Moscow, 1925). aSK Zaspykin, Boris Nikolaevich, born in 1891, he wrote ApxumeKmypa CpeoHeu A3UU(1948).

NYPL

Zavadovskii (Zawadowski), IUrii Nikolaevich, born in 1909 at Warszawa, he graduated in 1931 from Ecole national des langues orientales vivantes, Paris, and received a doctorate in 1951 at Prague for ttpouseoocmeo tpeco« e CeeepHou Ac/JpuKe; ucmooueo-smnoepednnecxuc ouep« He gained a doctorate in 1966. From 1930 to 1951 he was successively in Morocco, France, Czechoslovakia. Since 1960 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include Apa6cKue ouaneKmbl Maapu6a (1962), its translation, The Maghrib Arabic dialects (1978), 5ep6epcKuu fl3blK (1967), and Meepumeucn) ouenekm apa6cKoao fl3blKa (1981). He died 2 January 1979. Miliband; Miliband2 de Zavala, Juan, major, he wrote La sciencia militar (Madrid, 1957), and he was joint author of EI requeie; la tradici6n nomuere (Barcelona, 1957). NUC, 1956-1972 Zavattari, Edoardo, born 21 October 1883 at Tortona (Alessandria), he studied medicine and natural sciences. He was successively a professor of zoology at the universities of Pavia and Roma. He made explorations in Africa and the Orient. His writings include Nel Golfo di Guinea (1926), Prodromo della fauna della Libia (1934), and Dal Giuba allago Rodolfo (1940). Chie,1931-1961; IndBiital (1); Vaccaro Zavatti, Silvio, born 10 November 1917 at Forli (Emilia-Romagna), he gained a doctorate and became an assistant in geography at the Universita di Urbino. He was a founding director of the Istituto Geografico Polare. His writings include Dizionario degli esploratori e delle scopere geografiche (1967), and Alia scopera del mondo (1968). Chi e, 1948-1961; Chi scrive; IndBiltal (1); Master (1); Wholtaly, 1958 Zav'ialova, Valentina Ivanovna, born 18 February 1918 at Petrograd, she graduated in 1940 from the Faculty of Philology, Leningrad, and received her first degree in 1954 for (/)oHemuKa eunnucxoeo u Ma3aHoapaHcKoao fl3blKoe. Since 1944 she was affiliated with the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad. She spent 1946 in Tehran. Miliband; Miliband2 Zavriev, David Samsonovich, born in 1895 at Tiflis, he graduated in 1925 at Odessa and received his first degree in 1939 for t1HocmpaHHblu «enumen e t1paHe, and his doctorate in 1945 for Kapc, ApoaaaH, Apmeu» nod enecmuo KeManucmoe. He was since 1951 affiliated with the Tiflis Pedagogical Institute. His writings include tteocun neiuux oHeu (1931), and K noeeiuuet: ucmopuu ceeepo-eocmounux euneuemoe Typu,uu (1947). He died 23 April 1971. Miliband2 Zawadowski, G., 1909-1979 see Zavadovskii, IUrii Nikolaevich Zawaliriski, Eugeniusz, he receiced a doctorate in 1938 at Lemberg, Galicia, for his thesis entitled Po/ska w kronikach tureckich XV i XVI w. NUC, pre-1956 Zaydan, Jurji, born in 1861 at Beirut, he was a Syro-Egyptian historian, novelist and journalist. The following translations of his works have been published until 1955. AI Abbasa (Paris, 1912), AI Abbasa (Mexico, 194-), Allah veuille (Paris, 1924), Bendera hitam dari Churasan (Djakarta, 1953), Kerbela gilzeli (Istanbul, 1945), Der letzte Mameluck und seine Irrfahrten (Barmen, 1917), Penaklukan Andalus Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

689 (Medan, 1946), Puteri Mesir (Djakarta, 1949), and Umayyads and 'Abbasids (Leiden, 1907). He died in Cairo, 22 July 1914. CasWL; Goldschmidt; Rivista degli studi orientale, 6 (1914/15), pp. 1022-1024

Zaza, Nureddin, born in 1920 or 1922 in Turkey, he emigrated to the French Mandate of Syria and later became a naturalized French citizen. He received a doctorate in 1956 from the Unlverslte de Lausanne for Etude critique de la notion d'engagement chez Emmanuel Mounier. He returned to Syria in 1959 and became imprisoned until 1963. After spending four years in Lebanon and some time Turkey, he returned to Switzerland and settled in Geneve, He wrote in Kurdish, Arabic and Turkish. His writings include Ma Vie de Kurde (1993). He died in 1988. Note about the author

Zbinden, Hans, born 26 August 1893 at Bern, he studied law and liberal arts at Bern and ZOrich, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1919. He was a writer and international lecturer, a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1926, and academic director of Iris-Verlag, Bern, 1934-59, and concurrently a lecturer at the Universitat Bern, 1951-64. He was a prolific writer on social and moral issues, including Der bedrohte Mensch (1959), Ohnmacht der Eliten (1963), Europa, wohin? (1969), and with Muhammad Asad he jointly edited Islam und Abendland (1960). He died in Bern, 9 May 1971. IntAu&W,1977; IntWW, 1974-1980/81; SchBiAr, 6 (1958), p. 125; WhoSwi,1970/71-1980/81

Zbiss (Zubays), Slimane Mostafa, born early 20th cent., he was educated at the College Sadiki, Tunis, Ecole supeneure des Langue et Civilisation Arabes, Tunis, and Institut des Hautes Etudes, Rabat. He started his career in 1942 as an assistant to the curator at the Bibliotheque nationale, Tunis, and in 1962 he was appointed director of historical monuments of Tunisia. His writings include Corpus des inscriptions arabes de Tunisie (1955), Les Monuments de Tunis (1971), L'Art musulman en Tunisie (1978), and La Medina de Tunis (1981). AfrBiolnd (2)

Zdralovic, Muhamed, born 20th cent., his writings include Bosensko-nerceqovecki preplsivect djela u erebickim rukopisima (Sarajevo, 1988), and he was joint author of the catalogue of the Povijesni Muzej Hrvatske, entitled Sab/jr (1979). LC

Zdravkovic, Ivan M., he was a writer on Turkish architecture in Yugoslavia. His writings include 0360p

apalje sa npoy'-lafbe cnOMeHUKa ucneucse apxubeKmype y Jyeocneeuju (1964) and CpeofboBeKoBHu eoeooeu y Cp6uju Les Forts medievales de Serbie (1970). NUC, 1973-77

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Zech, Wolfgang, born 30 July 1937 at Rosenheim, Germany, he studied at MOnchen, where he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1969 for Kalkhaltige Boden als Nehrsubstret far Koniferen, and a Dr.habil. in 1971. Since 1976 he held the chair of agriculture and agronomy at the Universitat Bayreuth. His writings include Futterwert forstlicher Pflanzen im Sahel (1981), and Humus und Humusschwund im Gebirge (1983). KOrschner, 1976-2003; Thesis

Zechlin, Walter, born in 1879 at Schivelbein, Pomerenia, he studied law and Oriental languages and received a Dr.jur. in 1905 from the Unlversitat Gottingen for Der gewerbliche Lehrvertrag. He entered the diplomatic service in 1903 and served in the Near East and North Africa until 1917. In 1939 he emigrated to Spain, whence he returned to Germany after the war. His writings include Diplomatie und Diplomaten (1935), and Frohliche Lebensfahrt; diplomatische und undiplomatische Erinnerungen (1936). He died in 1962 in LOneburg. BioHbDtE; DtBE; DtBilnd (1)

Zedler, Beatrice Hope, born 14 May 1916 at Milwaukee, Wisc., she graduated in 1937 from the local Marquette University and received a Ph.D. in 1947 from Fordham University, N.Y.C. She was a professor of philosophy at several American colleges and universities. Her writings include How philosophy begins (1983), the edition of Averroes, Destructio destructionum philosophiae Algazelis in the Latin version ofCalo Calonymos (1961), and the translation from Th. Aquinas, On the unity of the intellect against the Averroists (1968). ConAu, 41-44, new rev. 36; DrAS, 1969 P, 1974 P, 1978 P, 1982 P; Master (3);

WhoAmW, 1974/75

van der Zee, W. F., born 19th cent., he was in 1905 a president of the Dutch Chamber of Commerce in Smyrna. Note about the author

Zehme, Albrecht, born 2 November 1828 at Boleslau, Prussia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1850 from the Universitat Halle-Wittenberg for De iis apud Platonem inveniuntur universae Sophistarum doctrinae oppositis. His writings include Ober die mogliche Fruchtbarkeit semitischer Studien far die Schule (1855), Central-Arabien; eine Skizze (1872), and Arabien und die Araber(1875). GV

Zeidler-Blomberg, Beatrice, her writings include Palestinaaraberna; part i gammal konflikt (Stockholm, 1970), and Egypten efter Nasser (Stockholm, 1977). LC

Zeine, Zeine Nur ai-Din, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1955 from SOAS for Syria and the Lebanon in international politics, from Mudros to Maisalun, 1918-1920.

His writings include Arab-

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690 Turkish relations and the emergence of Arab nationalism (1958), its translation, NushO' al-qawmi}!ah al~rabTyah (1968), and The struggle for Arab independence (1968). LC; Sluglett

Zeki, Ahmed, 1867-1934 see Ahmad Zaki Zekiyan, Bogos Levon, born 21 October 1943 at istanbul, he gained a degree in philosophy at the Pontificia Unlverslta Gregoriana, Roma, and a doctorate in 1973 at Istanbul. Since 1976 he was a professor of Armenian at Universita degli Studi di Venezia. His writings include L'interiorismo agostiniano (1981). Note; WhoWor, 1989/90, 1991/92 Zelenin, Dmitrii Konstantinovich, born in 1878 in Russia, he was an ethnographer, philologist, scholar of religion and folklorist who was since 1925 affiliated with the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include 5u6nioapacj:JullecKiii YKa3amenb pyccxot) emnoepecpuuecxot: numepamypbl 0 eneuinesu. 6blme nepoooe» Pocciu, 1700-1910 a.a (1913), Benusopyccne eoeoou (1913), Onmcenie pyxonucet) YlIeHaao anxuea tl/MnepamopcKaao Pyccxeeo aeoapacj:JullecKaao 06UJ,ecmea (1914-16), and the translation, Le Culte des idoles en Siberie (1952). He died in Leningrad in 1954. GSE; IntOcAn Zelenoi, Ivan lI'ich, born in 1819, he was a major-general and posted to Baku. He was a sometime editor of the journal Mopcoii C60pHUK. He died in 1877. EnSlovar, vol. 23, pp. 385-86 Zelinskii, Andrei Nikolaevich, born 2 November 1933 at Moscow, he graduated in 1960 from the Faculty of History, Moscow, and received his first degree in 1969 for ,apeeHue nymu naMupa. She was since 1959 affiliated with the Soviet Academy of Science. Miliband 2 Zeller, Adrien Georges Andre, born 2 April 1940 at Saverne (Bas-Rhin), he gained degrees in economics and agronomy, and became affiliated with the E.E.C., U.N.O. as well as his home departernent as an administrator and politician. His writings include L'lmbroglio agricole du Marche commun (1970). WhoFr, 1977/78-2003/2004

Zeller, Johannes, born in 1830 in WOrttemberg, he went in 1857 to Jerusalem to serve under the Church Missionary Society, London. He laboured for twenty years in Nazareth and for an equal period in Jerusalem. His years of labour culminated in the dedication of a church in Nazareth in 1871. At his request, the Female Education Society was founded and a Scottish medical missionary settled in Nazareth. In later years, he was transferred to Jerusalem to take charge of the Bishop Gobat School as well as to found a "Preparandi tnstitute" for teachers. In his seventy-first year, in the summer of 1901, he left Palestine to return to his home in Germany, where he died from heart failure, 19 February 1902. Richter, p. 244 Zelnik, Melvin, born 22 September 1928 at N.Y.C., he graduated in 1955 from the University of Miami and received a Ph.D. in 1959 from Princeton for Estimates of annual birth rates for the white population of the United States from 1855 to 1934. Since 1966 he was affiliated with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. His writings include Sex and pregnancy in adolescence (1981). American men and women of science, 1973 S, 1978 S; Master (1); WhoAm, 1974-1988/89

Zelson, Louis Gabriel, born 19th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1924 from the University of Wisconsin. Part of it was published in 1927 entitled Les hapax legomena du Pentateuque biblique. In 1947 he edited Nuestra mujeres, por Aurelio Hidalgo. NUC, pre-1956 de Zeltner, Francois (Franz), born 15 April 1871 at Paris, he studied ethnography, sociology and anthropology and subsequently accompanied the scientific mission of the Paris Societe de geographie under Bourg de Bozas (1901-1903) which attempted to connect the Red Sea at Djibouti to the estuary of the Congo. At Goba in Abyssinia he became ill and had to return to France. From 1904 to 1912 the Ministry of Instruction Publique sent him on another scientific mission to the Sudanese Sahel and Air in the Sahara. His valuable collections of indigenous jewellery and textiles he bequeathed to the Musee de I'Homme du Trocadero, Paris. After the completion of his last mission, he became head of missions at the Ministere des Colonies until his premature death on 1 May 1930. His writings include Contes du Senegal et du Niger (1913). Hommes et destins, vol. 8, pp. 425-426

Zeltner, Jean Claude, born in 1921 at Amiens, he wrote Pages d'histoire du Kanem (1980), Les Pays du Tchad dans la tourmente (1988), and he was joint author of L'Arabe dans Ie bassin du Tchad (1986). LC Zemaray, Daoud, he received a doctorate in 1982 for L'etat monarchique dans la formation sociale afghane. His writings include Le Pachtounistan, une realite a double sens (1972). Who's who in Asian studies in Switzerland, 1989

Zemen, Herbert, born 14 July 1940 at Wien, he received a Dr.jur. in 1965 and a Dr.habil. in 1980 and subsequently became a professor at the Institut fur Rechtsvergleichung, Wien. He was in 1980 a Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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visiting professor at Columbia University. His writings include Evolution des Rechts (1981). Klirschner, 1987-2003

von Zempleni, Arpad, born 11 June 1865 near Zernplen, Hungary, he was educated at sarospatak and studied at Budapest. He was successively a journalist in Debrecen and BUdapest before he became an archivist at the Hungarian agricultural credit society. From his early years he pursued an interest in poetry. He translated from Italian and French literatures. Around the turn of the century he was instrumental in the establishment of the Turanian movement. His writings include Uj versek (1898), A kelepecs (1909), a work which won him a prize from the Hungarian Academy of Science, Turent egyseg (1917). Two of his works were translated, Turanische Lieder, Obersetzt von J. Lerchner von der Lech (1914), and Turanian songs, legendary and historical hero songs, translated by G. A. Page (1916). He died on 13 October 1919. Geistige Ung; RNL

Zenati, R., fl. 1938, he was joint author of Bou-el-Nouar, Ie jeune Algerien (Alger, 1945). Zenker, Julius Theodor, born in 1811 at Friedensdorf near Zittau, Saxony, he studied theology and Oriental languages at Halle and Gottingen, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1837 for De statu imperii chalifarum sub finem primi, aerae Mohammedanorum seculi. He subsequently went for further study to Paris. He then served as a private tutor at the home of the Russian duke Wittgenstein. In 1844 he returned to Germany, took a Dr.habil. in 1845 at Rostock for De versione arabica Categoriam Aristotelis, and in 1846 removed to Leipzig to become a private scholar. His writings include Bibliotheca orientalis (1846-61), and TOrkisch-arabisch-persisches Handworterbuch (1866-76). He died in Thun near Zwickau, 28 June 1884. ADtB, vol. 45, pp. 62-64; Flick, p. 245; Haan Zenkovsky, Serge Alexander, born 16 June 1907 at Kiev, he was educated at Paris and Praha, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1942 from Karls Universitat Prag for Russische Politik in Sinkiang vom Pariser Frieden bis zum Weltkkrieg, 1856-1914. He emigrated to U.S.A., where he became a professor of Russian history and language at varied institutions of higher learning. His writings include Pan- Turkism and Islam in Russia (1960), its translation, Rusya'da Pan-TOrkism ve MOslOmanl1k (1971), and The Nikonian chronicle (1984). He died in 1990. ConAu 1-4, new rev. 2; DrAS, 1969-1982 F; WhoAm, 1974-1976/7 Zenner, Johann Conrad, born 3 November 1852 at GrOgeborn near Trier, Germany, he was a Jesuit and a professor of Old Testament exegesis at Ditton Hall and Valkenburg, Holland. His writings include Die Chorgesange im Buche der Psalmen (1896). He died 15 July 1905. DtBiind (2) Zenner, Walter P., born 18 October 1933 at NOrnberg, he graduated in 1955 from Northwestern University and received a Ph.D. in 1965 from Columbia for Syrian Jewish identification in Israel. Since 1966 he was a professor in the Department of Anthropology, S.U.N.Y., Albany. His writings include Urban life (1988), and Minorities in the middle (1991). AmM&WS, 1973 S; MESA Roster of members, 1990 Zentner, Joseph Lyle, born 21 October 1942 at Topeka, Kans., he graduated in 1964 from Wichita State University and received a Ph.D. in 1970 from the University of Missouri for The 1968-69 U.S. presidential transition with special reference to the Housing and Urban Development Department. Since 1965 he was affiliated with the University of Southwestern Louisiana as a professor of political science. AmM&WS, 1973, 1978 S

von Zepelin, Constantin Friedrich, born 22 June 1841 at Stralsund, Prussia, he was a graduate of the Kriegsakademie, Berlin, and later rose to the rank of major-general. His writings include Der Ferne Osten (1907.1911). He died in Eberswalde, 14 January 1913. BioJahr 18 (1913), p. 138*; Werist's, 1909-1912

Zerffi, George Gustavus, born in 1821 in Hungary, he was a newspaper editor at Pest. After the failure of the Hungarian 1849 revolution he went to England, where he became naturalized. Years later he became a lecturer in fine art and history at London. His writings include A manual of the historical development of art (1876), and Studies on the science of general history (1887-1889). He died in 1882. Boas; DNB

Marquess of Zetland, Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, 1876-1961 see Dundas, Lawrence John L.

Zettersteen, Karl Vilhelm, born 18 August 1866 at Orsa, Sweden, he gained a doctorate in 1895 at Uppsala, where he later served as a professor of Semitic languages. He founded the journal Ie Monde oriental. His writings include Biographien der Nachfolger in Medina (1905), Biographien der Kufier (1909), Beitrage zur Geschichte der Mamlukensultane (1919) Die arabischen, persischen und tOrkischen Handschriften der Universitatsbibliothek zu Uppsala (1930-35), Knstn« i Mekka (1943), and a translation of the Koran entitled Koranen (1917). He died in Uppsala, 1 June 1953. Flick, pp. 308-309; SMK; Vem iir det, 1925-1953

Zeuthen, Hieronymus Georg, born 15 February 1839 at Grimstrup, Denmark, he studied mathematics at Kebenhavns Universitet, where he received a doctorate in 1865 for Nyt bidrag til laeren om Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

692 systemer af keglesmit der ere underkastede 4 bettingelser. He then did post-graduate research at Paris. He was affiliated with his alma mater from 1871 to his death. His writings include Notes sur I'histoire des metnemetiques (1893-1911), and Geschichte der Mathematik im XVI. und XVII. Jahrhundert (1903). He died in Frederiksburg on 6 January 1920. OanskBL; OanskBL2; OcScB Zevakin, Evgenii Sergeevich, born in 1901, he wrote KOHu,a XIX a. (1941). NUC, pre-1956

ncmopu« CCCP c opeaHel1U(ux epeue« 00

Zevelev, Aleksandr (or Abram) Izrailevich, born 20th cent., he wrote Mcmopuuapa>KOapcKol1aol1Hbl a y36eKucmaHe (1959), McmopuoapacjJufl coeemcxoeo TypKecmaHa (1968), The nationality question; how it was solved in the USSR (1972), 5acMaliecmao; npaaoa ucmopuu u euvcen tpenscucjJuKamopoa (1986), McmopuoapacjJuliecKoe uccneooeenue (1987), and he was joint author of 5acMaliecmao, eosnusnoeenue.cyiunocme, Kpax (1981). LC; NUC, 1956-77 Zeys, Ernest, born in 1835 at Wissembourg (Bas-Rhin), he received a law degree in 1858 from the Faculte de droit de Strasbourg. He was a sometime conseiller in the Court de Cassation, who, on 10 October 1888, was installed as premier president of the Court d'Appel. He also was a sometime faculty member at l'Ecole de droit d'Alger. His writings include Souvenirs de jeunesse (1859), Traite etementelt» de droit musulman algerien (1885-86), Legislation mozabite (1886), Les Juges de paix algeriens (1897), and he also translated in 1880 parts of Fritz Reuter's Ut de Franzosentid into French. He died in Paris in 1909. BN; NUC, pre-1956 Zeys, Mlle. Mathilde, born 19th cent., she wrote Une Prenceise au Maroc (Paris, 1908).

NUC, pre-1956

Zeys, Paul, born 19th cent., he was in 1934 an inspecteur des Jurisdictions cheriffennes. His writings include Code ennote de la Tunisie (1901), Mines, carriers et phosphates en Tunisie (1912), and Agadir; conflits immobiliers des confins sud-marocaines, 1911-1932 (1932). BN; NUC, pre-1956 Zezenkova, V. lA, fl. 1952, she was joint author of Bonpoo« smnoeenese nepoooe CpeoHel1 A3UU a ceeme oaHHblx enmoononoeuu (1953). LC Zghal, Abdelkader, born 5 May 1931 at Sfax, Tunisia, he was affiliated with the Centre d'etudes et de recherches econornique et sociales de l'Universite de Tunis. His writings include Modernisation de I'agricultureet populations semi-nomades (1967). Unesco Zgusta, Ladislav, born 20 March 1924 at Libochovice, Czechoslovakia, he received a doctorate in 1949 from Universita Karlova, Praha. He went in 1970 to Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., and in the following year joined the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as a professor of linguistics. His writings include Die Personennamen griechischer Stadte der noralicnen SchwarzmeerkOste (Praha, 1955), Anatolische Personennamenssippen (Prag, 1964), Neue Beitrage zur kleinasiatischen Anthroponymie (1970), Manual of lexicography (1972), Kleinasiatische Ortsnamen (1984) Die Probleme des Worterbuchs (1985), and The old Ossetic inscription from the River Zelencuk. (1987). ConAu 41-44; DrAS, 1974 F, 1978 F, 1982 F; WhoAm, 1982/83-1990/91

Zhabborov (Dzhabbarov), Isa Murodovich, born 30 December 1929 in Turkmenistan, his writings include Ruhii olam (Tashkent, 1988), and Ozbekkhalqi etnografiiasi (1994). LC; Schoeberlein Zhalilov (Dzhalilov), Shukhrat lI'khamovich, fl. 1967, his writings include Davlat hokimiiati mahallii organlari islohoti; tazhriba va muammolar (Tashkent, 1994). LC Zhamtsarano, TSyben Zhamtsaranovich, born in 1880 in Agin-Buryat National Okrug, Russia, he attended St. Petersburg University from 1902 to 1906 as a part-time student. He was affiliated with Irkutsk University, 1918-1921, and the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science from 1932 to his death on 24 November 1937. His writings include MOHaonbcKue nemonucu XVII eese (1936), its translation, The Mongol chronicles of the seventeenth century (1955), and Xanxa .a>KUpyM; neunmnu« MOHaonbCKoao cjJeooanbHoao npaaa xvut e. (1965). Miliband 2 Zhdan, Mykhailo B., he wrote .ao numeun» no eenexnucm« ranblu,bKo-BonbIHCbKoi" PYCbl auo 30nomoi OPObl (MOnchen, 1968). NUC, 1973-77 Zhdanko, Tat'iana Aleksandrovna, born 1 August 1909 at Elizavetgrad, Ukraine, she was an ethnographer of the Karakalpaks. She gained a doctorate and a professorship and was for many years affiliated with the Khorezm Archeological-Ethnographical Expedition as well as the Institute of Ethnography in the Soviet Academy of Science. She edited Apxeonoeuuecsue u smnoeoeaxnecxue pa60mbl xooesvceot: 3Kcneouu,uu 1949-1953 (1958), and X03f1UCmaO Kapanannauu a oeaflmHaou,amOM - neuene oeeouemoeoeese (1972). IntOeAn; Schoeberlein; UzbekSE

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Zhdanov, Sergei Vladimirovich, born 29 August 1946 at Moscow, he graduated in 1973 from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations and received his first degree in economics in 1980 for

np06neMbl uHoycmpuanbHoao peseumun An>KUpCKOU HapooHou ,QeMoKpamuliecKou Pecny6nuKu. His writings include 3KoHoMuKa apa6cKux cmoen (1981), 3KoHoMuKa cmpen Itepcuoceoeo senuee (1988), and he was joint author of 3KoHoMuKa Typu,uu; Ylle6Hoe nocotiue (1988). He was since 1976

affiliated with his alma mater. Miliband2 Zheltiakov, Anatolii Dmitrievich, born 11 April 1925 at Moscow, he graduated in 1950 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, where he received his first degree in history in 1955 for Typeunoe «pecmeencmeo peiueiouie« cuna a 60pb6e se Hau,UOHanbHoe cmpenu a 1918-1920 ee. In 1961 he was appointed a lecturer. His writings include nellamb a 06w,ecmaeHHo-nonumuliecKou U KynbmypHou >KU3HU Typu,uu, 1729-1908 ee. (1972), and 3KoHoMuKa cmpen tteocuoceoeo senuee (1988), he was joint author of McmopuR npoceetuenun a Typu,uu; KOHeu, XVIII- neueno XX aeKa (1965), and he translated from the Turkish of Evliya Celebi, Knuee nymeuiecmeun (1961). He died on 13 March 1989. Miliband; Miliband2 Zhigalina, Ol'ga Ivanovna, born 2 August 1946 at Krasnovodsk, Turkmenistan, she graduated in 1969 from the Faculty of Philology, Moscow, and received her first degree in 1973 for "Cpeouea3uamcK. eonpoc" a enen. ucmopuoepeipuu 60-90-X ee. XIX a. She was since 1969 affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include Heuuonensuoe OaU>KeHUe Kypooa a MpaHe, 1918-1947 ee. (1988), BenuKoa6pumaHuR Ha CpeoHeM Bocmose XIX-Hallano XX a. (1990), and 3mHocou,uanbHaR seomouueupencxoeo06w,ecmaa (1996). Miliband2 Zhigalov, Ivan Ivanovich, he was a writer specialzing in British contemporary history. His writings include ttooeoeccuenue cunu BenuK06pumaHuu a 6opb6e se pa30py>KeHUe UMUp, 1956-1964 (1965), BenuK06pumaHuR (1967), HapooHble MaCCbl U aHeWHRR nonumuse uuneouenusu« (1969), and he edited 5yp>Kya3HaR ucmopuoepednm Bmopoi1 Mupoaoi1 (1985). LC Zhilina, Alina Nikolaevna, born 23 April 1935 at Lesozavodsk, Dal'nevostochny Rayon, she edited

)/{unuw,e Hapoooa CpeoHeu A3UU UKesexcmene (1982).

Schoeberlein

Zhirkov, Lev Ivanovich, born in 1885 at Moscow, he graduated in 1909 from the Faculty of Law, Moscow, and in 1917 from the Oriental Faculty, Petrograd; he received a doctorate in 1941 for IpaMMamuKa neseuucsoeoR3b1Ka. From 1939 to his death on 5 December 1963 he was affiliated with the Institute of Philology in the Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include IpaMMamuKa oapauHcsoeo R3blKa (1926), ttepcuocxut: R3blK (1927), Apa6cKo-pyccKuu cnoeepe (1936), Ta6acapaHcKuu R3blK (1948), and flaKcKuu R3blK (1955). Miliband; Miliband2 Zhirmunskii, Viktor Maksimovich, born in 1891 at St. Petersburg, he graduated in 1912 from the Faculty of History and Philology, St. Petersburg, and received doctorates in 1924 and 1935. He was a linguist and literary critic, and since 1935 a professor. From 1957 to 1971 he was director, State Pedagogical Institute, Tashkent. His writings include Die deutschen Kolonien in der Ukraine (Moskau, 1928), Volkslieder aus der bayrischen Kolonie Jamburg am Dnjepr (Wien, 1931), HapooHblU eepouuecxucenoc (1962), and TIOPKCKUi1 eepouvecsuti enoc (1974); he was joint author of Oral epics of Central Asia (1969), and Y36eKcuu HapooHblU eeoouuecxutisnoc (1974). He died in Leningrad on 31 January 1971. CasWL; GSE; Index Islamicus (2); Master (2); Miliband2 ; NUC, pre-1956; UzbekSE Zhivkova (Zivkova), Liudmila Todorova, born 26 July 1942 at Sofia, she studied history and philosophy at the University and later did post-graduate work at Oxford on British policy in the Balkans. In 1971 she be-came first deputy chairman of the Committee for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. She died in Sofia, 21 July 1981. AnObit, 1982, pp. 459-60; ConAu 108; EnBulg; Master (2); NYT,22 July 1981, p. A19, col. 6; WhoSocC, 1978

Zhmotova, Ol'ga Dmitrievna, born 12 July 1924 at Moscow, she graduated in 1949 from the Moscow Oriental Institute and received her first degree in philology in 1962 from the Moscow Institute of Oriental Languages for MHe!JuHumua XUHOU U ypoy. From 1956 to her death on 6 October 1986 she was successively affiliated with the Institute of Oriental Languages, and the Institute of Asian and African Languages, Moscow. Her writings include YlIe6Hoe noco6ue no R3blKe ypoy (1979). She spent the years 1980 to 1981 at Lahore and Islamabad. Miliband2 Zhmuida, Irina Viktorovna, born 9 September 1936 at Moscow, she graduated in 1959 from the Faculty of Geeography, and received her first degree in economics in 1974 from the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include npOMblwneHHocmb Ileuucmene, 1947-1971 (1976), BHewHe-3KoHoMuliecKue caR3U ttexucmene (1981), and Ilexucmen; euympennue U enetunue e!JaKmopbl3KoHoMuliecKoao peseumun, 70-80-e aoobl (1988). Miliband2

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Zholdasbaev, Saiden Zholdasbaevich, born 26 May 1936, he received his first degree in 1963 and a doctorate in 1978 for MamepuanbHafi Kynbmypa Ka30X XV-XVIII ee. He became affiliated with the Kazakh Academy of Science. aSK; Schoeberlein Zhordaniia, Aleksei Givievich, born 29 March 1939 at Tiflis, he graduated in 1963 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis, where he also received his first degree in philology in 1983 for !JaYfl3bll.lue (muna ouenoccuu) apa60a Eaunma. He was from 1966 to 1985 affiliated with the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent, and subsequently with the Oriental Institute of the Georgian Academy of Science. His writings include Mamepuanbl no eeunemcsouy ouaneKmy apa6cKoao f13blKa (1986). Miliband 2 Zhorzholiani, Giia Georgievich, born 20 November 1954 at Tiflis, he graduated in 1976 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis, where he also received his first degree in history for ropooa noene a XI aeKe; no oaHHblM "Caepap-HaMe ttHacup-e Xocpoy. Since 1977 he was affiliated with the Oriental Institute of the Georgian Academy of Science. Miliband 2 Zhorzholiani, Lili Dement'evna, born 31 August 1942 in Georgia, she graduated in 1968 from the Oriental Faculty, Tiflis, where she also received her first degree in philology for nepcuocKUU u epysuncsui) eepcuu CKa3aHUFI 0 30xaKe. Miliband 2 Zhukovskii, Valentin Alekseevich, born in 1858 at Voronezh, he was a student of Baron Victor von Rosen at St. Petersburg, where he became a professor of Iranian subjects in 1889. His writings include Peseenunu cmapaao Mepaa (1894), 06pa3~bl ttepcuocseeo HapooHaao meopuecmee (1902), Memeptenu on« u3Yl.leHifi neocuocsux Hapel.liu (1888-1922), and Pecxoumue cKpblmoao sa seeecoti (ttKawep anb-MaXO)l(y6'?, of 'Ali ibn 'Uthman al-Hujviri (1926). He died in St. Petersburg in 1918. GSE; Index Islamicus (10); Krachkovskii

Zhumagulov (Dzhumagulov), Chetin Zhumagulovich, fl. 1968. His writings include R3blK cupo-mypKCKUX (HecmopuaHcKux) nemnmnueoe Kupeusuu (1971), and Onomastikalyk terminderdin oruschakyryzcha sozdugu Pyccxo-xupeuscxui: cnoeepe OHOMaCmUl.leCKUX meouunoe (1985). LC

=

Zhumanazarov (Dzhumanazarov), Umurzoq, fl. 1972. His writings include Ozbek folk'lori va tarikii vogellik (1991). LC Zhurauski (Zhuravskii), Arkadzii losifovich, he received his first degree in philology in 1965 or earlier. His writings include Fucmopu» 6enapycKau numepemypnet: Moabl (1967), and he edited rUcmapb,..,Hbl cnoynu« 6enapycKau Moabl (1982). LC Zhuravskii, Aleksei Vasil'evich, born 22 January 1953 at Moscow, he graduated in 1975 from the State Institute of International Relations, Moscow, and received a first degree in history in 1980 for MoeonOaUl.leCKUe co~uoKynbmypHble np06neMbi ouenoee Me)l(0Y ucnaMOM U xpucmuencmeou. His writings include xpucmuencmeo u ucnen co~uoKynbmypHble np06neMbi ouenoee (1990), and )/(u3HeonucaHufi noeux Myl.leHuKoa Ka3aHCKUX; aoo 1918u (1996). Miliband 2 Zhuravskii, Arkadii losifovich see Zhurauski, Arkadzii losifavich Zhurkovskii, Boris Vladimirovich, born 15 May 1934 at Moscow, he graduated in 1957 from the State Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow, and received his first degree in philology in 1969 for MoeoepoHbl a f13blKe xayca. His writings include MoeoepoHbl; conccmeeumensnenenenus (1968), and R3blK xayca (1985). Miliband 2 Zhuze, Panteleimon Krestovich, born in 1871 at Jerusalem, he gained a doctorate in Arabic. His writings include Min ta'riTkh al-harakat al-fiknyah fj aI-Islam (n.d.), its translation, Bandali Jawzi's History of intellectual movements in Islam (1983), and he translated from the German of Th. NOldeke, Umers' Ghassan (1887). He died in Baku, 19 January 1942. AzarbSE, vol. 4, p. 272 Zia, Abdul Q(uavi), born 20th cent., he graduated in 1945 from Lucknow University, and the following year he received an M.A. from Aligarh University. In 1971 he received an M.Phil. from the University of East Anglia. Thereafter he was a professor in the Department of History, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont. His writings include Urdu poetry in contemporarysetting (1985). DrASCan, 1978, 1983 Ziadeh, Farhat Jacob, born 8 April 1917 at Ramallah, Palestine, he graduated in 1937 from AUB, received his LL.B. in 1940 from the University of London, and was in 1946 called to the bar at London. He served as a magistrate in Palestine from 1947 to 1948 and subsequently became a professor of Islamic studies successively at Princeton and Washington University, Seattle. His writings include Property law in the Arab world; real rights (1979). In 1990 he was honoured by Islamic law and jurisprudence; studies in honor of F. J. Ziadeh. ConAu 25-28, new rev. 14; DrAS, 1969-1982 F; IntAu&W, 1977, 1982; MESA Roster of members, 1990; WhoAm, 1980-1998

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Ziadeh, Nicola Abdo, born in 1907 at Damascus, he was educated at the Arab College, Jerusalem, took a B.A. (Hons.) in 1939 at the University of London, and a Ph.D. in 1949 at SOAS for A study of the urban life in Syria between A.D. 1200 and 1400. He was a professor of Arab Islamic studies at Cambridge and AUB until 1973. Au&Wr, 1963, 1971; ConAu 29-32; DrAS, 1969-1974 H; DrBSMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; Sluglett; WhoArab, 1981/82

Ziauddin Ahmad, 1930- see Ahmad, Ziauddin Ziccardi, Piero, born 26 September 1913 at Arazzo (Toscana), he studied law at Padova and Genova, where he received a doctorate in law in 1935. He was succesively a professor of international law at the universities of Milano and Urbino. His writings include La costituzione dell'ordinamento internazionale (1943), /I valore del diritto straniero nell'ordinamento nazionale (1946), and Diritto intern azionale (1959). Chie,1948-1961; IndBiltal (1); Wholtaly, 1980; WhoWor, 1974/75-1978/79 Zichy, Edmund, born in 1811 in Hungary, he edited Bethlenfalvi gr6f Thurz6 Gyorgy levelei mejehez Czooor-szent-Minety! Czebor Erzsebethez (Budapest, 1876). He died in 1894. NUC, pre-1956; Pallas Zick-Nissen, Johanna, born about 1920, she received a Dr.phil. and became a keeper of Islamic art at Museum fur Islamische Kunst, Berlin. In the late 1970s she travelled by bus in Iranian Kurdistan to conduct field work. Her writings include the exhibition catalogue, Islamische Kunst (1967), and she was joint author of Osiris, Kreuz und Halbmond (1984). Private Zickermann, E., born 19th cent., he was affiliated with Deutscher PaI8stina-Verein. He was joint author of Palastinische Kulturbilder (Leipzig, 1907). Note Zieme, Peter, born 19 April 1942 at Berlin, he received a Dr.phil. in 1969 from Humboldt-Universit8t, Berlin, for Untersuchungen zur Schrift und Sprache der menicneiscnen Turfantexte. He became affiliated with Berlin universities. His writings include Fragmente der uigurischen Version des Jin'gangjing mit den Gathas des Meister Fu (1971), and Buddhistische Stabreimdichtungen der Uiguren (1985). Kurschner, 1996-2003; Schoeberlein; Schwarz Ziemke, Kurt, born 2 January 1888, he received a Dr.jur. in 1912 at Erlangen for Die Dragomanatsassistenz vor den tutkiscne Gerichten. He subsequently entered the German foreign service in Constantinople, where he remained until 1916. In 1919 he joined the German foreign office and was in 1933 appointed ambassador at Kabul. His writings include Die neue TOrkei (1930), Als deutscher Gesandter in Afghanistan (1939), and he translated Das tOrkische Strafgesetzbuch vom 1. Marz 1926 (1927). DtBilnd (1); Schwarz Zieseniss, Alexander, born 11 March 1899 at Bornsen, Prussia, he studied at Freiburg, Heidelberg, and Hamburg, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1928 for Die Rama-Sage bei den Malaien, and a Dr.habil. in 1937. He taught successively at Hamburg and Breslau. In his writings he explained the Shaiva system to Western readers, but also studied the Shaiva influence on Javanese literature. He died at the siege of Breslau, 11 April 1945. Sache-Rosen, pp. 233-34 Ziiaeva, Mukhabbat Tadzhitdinovna, born 2 March 1941 at Tashkent, she graduated in 1967 from the Oriental Faculty, Tashkent, and gained her first degree in philology in 1972 for nccneooeenueneunmHUKa XIV e tlKuma6 em-myxipem" Y3-3aKuCiCia tpun-nyeem-um-mypxucce. Since 1978 she was affiliated with the Uzbek Academy of Science. She was joint translator of M3blcKaHHbiCi oap mlOpKcKoMy R3bIKY; eoeuuemu-eoeut: mpesmem XIV e. ne apa6cKoM R3blKe (1978), joint editor of Y36eKucmaH enesenu unocmpenuee (1984), and 06LL(eCmeeHHble ney« coeemcsoeo Y36eKucmaHa (1989). Miliband2 Zilfi, Madeline Carol, born 8 March 1944 at Boston, she graduated from Mt. Holyoke College and received a Ph.D. in 1976 from the University of Chicago for The Ottoman ulema, 1703-1839, and the route to Great Mollaship. In 1976 she was appointed a professor of Middle East and Islamic history at the University of Maryland, College Park, a post which she still held in 1994. She was concurrently an editor of the Bulletin of the Turkish Studies Association. For several years she conducted archival research in Turkey. Her writings include The politics of piety (1988). DrAS, 1978, 1982 H; Private; Selim3 Zimin, Lev Aleksandrovich, born 19th cent., he was an archeologist and historian of Central Asia and a graduate of the Faculty of Oriental languages, St. Petersburg, where he was a student of V. V. Bartol'd. On 9 November 1919 he was appointed a lecturer in Arabic at the Oriental Faculty, Baku. In 1920 he joined the counter-revolutionaries and became foreign minister. His writings include Pa3eanuHbi cmeoeeo neCiKeHoa (Tashkent, 1913), and he edited Roznsmen-t ghazavat-i HindOstan of Ghiya~ alDTn YazdT in 1915. He died on 10 May 1920. BiobibSOT, pp. 164-65; BN; NUC, pre-1956 Zimmel, Bruno, born 19 March 1922 at Wien, he gained a Dr.phil., and in 1947 joined the Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, where he became chief librarian in 1951. His writings include Die erste Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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abendlandische Sankrit-Grammatik des P. H. Roth; die merkwOrdigen Schicksale eines verschollenen Manuskripts (Wien, 1957). NUC, 1956-67; WhoAustria, 1954-1957/58

Zimmer, Karl Ernst, born 17 September 1927 at Berlin, he emigrated to the United States in 1946 and in 1953 graduated from the University of Chicago. From 1955 to 1957 he taught English in Turkey. He received his Ph.D. in 1963 from Columbia University for Degrees of productivity; affixal negation in English and other languages. He subsequently became affiliated with the University of California at Berkeley as a linguist. DrAS, 1969-1982 F; WhoAm, 1980/81-1984/85 Zimmerer, Heinrich, Prof. Dr., born 12 July 1860 at Forth, Bavaria, he was a teacher at LudwigsGymnasium, MOnchen. In 1896 he travelled from Beirut to Cappadocia by way of Damascus, an journey which was the subject of Durch Syrien und Kleinasien; Reiseschilderungen und Studien (1899). His other writings include Eine Reise nach Amasia im Jahre 1555 (1899), and Die neue TOrkei in ihrer Entwicklung von 1908 bis 1915 (1915). He died in 1924. KDtLK,1915-1917; NUC; Werist's, 1909-1922 Zimmermann, Albert Josef, born 5 June 1928 at Bergheim on Erft, Germany, where he also went to school, interrupted only by auxiliary military service during the last months of the war. He studied philosophy, theology, mathematics, and physics at Frankfurt, Bonn and KOln, where he received a Dr.phil. in 1956 for Die Quaestionen des Sigor von Brabant zur Physik des Aristoteles. He concurrently trained as a secondary school teacher. In the autumn of 1954 he began teaching at a girls' school in KOln-Lindenthal. After obtaining a Dr.habil. in 1965 for Ontologie oder Metaphysik he became in 1967 a professor of philosophy and chairman of department at the Universitat KOln. He was joint editor of Orientalische Kultur und europeiecnee Mittelalter (1985), and Aristotelisches Erbe im arabischlateinischen Mittelalter(1986). KOrschner, 1970-2001; Thesis Zimmermann, Alfred, born 8 May 1859 at Frankenstein, Silesia, he studied political science and history at Breslau and Berlin and took a doctorate. He subsequently travelled extensively in Europe, the Balkans, the Near and Middle East as well as North Afgrica. In 1890 he entered the German foreign office. His writings include BIOthe und Verfall des Leinengewerbes in Schlesien (1885), Kolonialgeschichtliche Studien (1895), Europaische Kolonien (1896-1903), and Die Kolonialbereiche der Grotsmectne, 1871-1916 (1916). He died in 1925. DtBiind (2); NUC, pre--1956 Zimmermann, Cajetan, born 19th cent., he received a doctorate in 1916 from the Technische Hochschule MOnchen for EI-Bekaa, die Hochtalebene zwischen Libanon und Antilibanon. Schwarz Zimmermann, Emil, born 19th cent., he was in 1917 a politician in Berlin. His writings include Unsere Kolonien (1912), Meine Kriegsfahrt von Kamerun zur Heimat (1915), and Das deutsche Kaiserreich Mittelafrika als Grundlage einer neuen deutschen Weltpolitik (1917), and its translation, The German empire of Central Africa as the basis of a new German world-policy (1918). KDtLK,1917; NUC, pre-1956 Zimmermann, Friedrich Wilhelm, born 12 June 1942 at Dortmund, he studied literature at Erlangen and graduated in 1969 from Oxford, where he also received a D.Ph. in 1973 for al-Farabi's Commentary on Aristotle's "De interpretatione. Since 1976 he was a lecturer in Islamic philosophy at Oxford. His writings include al-Farabi's Commentary and short treatise on Aristotle's De interpretatione (1981). Sluglett; WhoWor, 1987/88 It

Zimmermann, Maurice, born in 1869, he was a geographer affiliated with the Societe de geographie de Lyon, Facutte des lettres de Lyon, and Chambre de commerce de Lyon. His writings include Le Probieme coloniale au debut du xxsiecte (1901). BN; Note Zimmern, Heinrich, born 14 July 1862 at Graben, Baden, he studied theology and Semitic languages at Leipzig and Berlin and received a Dr.phil. in 1884 for Babylonische Bul3psalmen. After training as a clergyman, he served three years as a vicar. After three years as an assistant at the Universitatsbibliothek Straf1burg, a Dr.habil. in Semitic languages in 1889 at KOnigsberg, and a second Dr.habil. in 1890 at Halle, he successively became a professor at Leipzig, 1894, at Breslau, 1899, and again at Leipzig, 1900. As an Assyriologist he specialzed in the religion of Babylon. He died in Lelpziq on 17 February 1931. DtBE; Schwarz Zimnicki, W!adys!aw, fl. 1932, he translated from the Turkish of Nasreddin Hoca, Wyb6r tekst6w tureckich (Warszawa, 1951). NUC, pre-1956 Zimolong, Bertrand Franz, born 26 November 1888 at ChrosczOtz near Oppeln, Prussia, he received a Dr.phil. in 1919 from the Universitat Breslau for Die Nikodemusperikope nach dem syrosinaitischen Text, and also a Dr.habil. in 1922 for Das sumerisch-akkadische Vokabular Ass. 523. He was a Franciscan pater and a sometime lecturer at Karlowitz, Austria, and Jerusalem. His writings include Osterfahrten in Pelestine, Syrien und Cypern (1928), and Die "Umkehrung beim status constructus im Hebreiscnen (1939). His trace is lost after an article in 1942. KOrschner,1926-1935; Schwarz; Sezgin lt

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Zimpel, Heinz-Gerhard, born 2 April 1925 at Berlin, he received a Dr.rer.nat. in 1958 from the Universltat MOnchen for Der Verkehr als Gestalter der Kulturlandschaft. He gained a Dr.habil. in 1971 and was since 1976 a professor of anthropological geography at MOnchen. He died on 13 July 1997. KOrschner, 1992, 2001

Zimpel, Hermann, fl. 1850- 1903, he wrote Platons Apologie, Kriton, Paidon ubersetzt (Breslau, 1888). BlC; Sezgin

Zind, Richard G., born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1965 from the University of Southern California with a thesis entitled An estimate of some basic parameters of the Moroccan economy. In 1967 he was a professor of economics at the University of California, Riverside. Note; Selim3 Zingel, Wolfgang-Peter, born 4 August 1943 at Freiburg, Germany, he studied economics, history and law at the Unlversitat Heidelberg, and in 1971 joined the SOdasien-lnstitut, a post which he still held in 2001. He was joint editor of Pakistan in its fourth decade (1983), and Pakistan in the 1980s (1985). IWWAS, 1976/77

Zingerle, Pius, born 17 March 1801 at Meran, Austria, he became a professor of Arabic and Syriac at Roma. His writings include Chrestomathiasyriaca (Roma, 1871), and Lexicon syriacum (Roma, 1873). He died 10 January 1881. BbO; BiO&SB; Master (1); NewCathEnc Zingg, Paul Joseph, born 22 July 1945 or 1947 at Newark, N.J., he received a Ph.D. in 1974 from the University of Georgia at Athens for Self-interest and self-determination in United States foreign policy; America in the Maghrib. He was since 1977 a university administrator. His writings include The Sporting image (1988). ConAu 157; Selim3 ; WhoWest, 1992/93, 1994/95 Zinkin, Maurice, born in 1915 at Leeds, he spent twenty years in the Indian Civil Service before joining Unilever from 1948 to 1977. His writings include Asia and the West (1951), Problems of economic development in Asia (1953), Development for free Asia (1963), and he was joint author of Why help India (1963). Note; WhoEIO, 1982, 1985 Zinnatullin, Mutin Khabibulovich, born in 1915 in Bashkiria, he graduated in 1941 from the Azerbaijan State University, and in 1943 from the Military Institute of Foreign Languages. He. received his first degree in 1955 with a thesis entitled Oc06eHHocmu R3blKa u cmunn n033UU Hesune XUKMema. He was attached to the Institute since 1943, and became a lecturer in 1964. His writings include Knuee on» 4meHUR Ha mypeL{KOM R3blKe (1949), Kpemxut: pyccso-mypeuxuc peseoeopnu« (1952), and he was joint author of Tvpeuke» BoeHHO-OO)f(eCmBeHHaR numepemypne« (1966). He died 23 February 1972. Miliband; Miliband2 Zinner, Ernst, born 2 February 1886 at Goldberg, he studied astronomy at Jena, MOnchen and Lund and received a doctorate in 1907 at Jena and a Dr.habil. in 1920 at MOnchen. Since 1926 he was a director of the observatory in Bamberg, Bavaria. His writings include Geschichte der Sternkunde von den ersten Anfangen bis zur Gegenwart (1931), Leben und Wirken des Johann Maller von Konigsberg (1938), and Geschichte und Bibliographie der astronomischen Literatur in Deutschland zur Zeit der Renaissance (1941). He died in Planegg near MOnchen on 30 August 1970. Bioln 9; OtBE; OtBilnd (2); Master (1); Werist's, 1928, 1935; Weristwer, 1950-1958

Zipoli, Riccardo, born 15 October 1952 at Prato, Italy, he was an Iranian scholar who was affiliated with the Dipartimento di Studi Eurasiatici in the Universita degli Studi di Venezia. In 1999 he assisted in the exhibition of Laurence Lockhart's photographs from Persia at Pembrooke College, Cambridge. His writings include" marchio rovente; Dag in KalTm e 'Urfi(1983), and ~~ -J ($~ .~~ ~ J,j 4 i (1987); he was joint author of Golsciane Rez (1976), and he translated" Libro dei censigli of Kaykavus ibn Iskander ibn Qabus (1981). Private; Schoeberlein; ZKO Zipper, Kurt, born 20th cent., he wrote Orientteppiche (1970), Turkiscne Teppiche; ein Brevier (1972), Lexikon des Orientteppichs (1981), and Die Welt des Orientteppichs (1982). Sezgin Ziring, Lawrence, born 11 December 1928 at N.Y.C., he graduated in 1955 from Columbia University where he also received his Ph.D. in 1962 for The failure of democracy in Pakistan; East Pakistan and the central government, 1947-1958. Since 1964 he was a professor of international relations and comparative politics at Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo. His writings include Iran, Turkey, and Afghanistan (1981), Bangladesh (1992), and The Middle East; a political dictionary (1992). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 73-76, new rev. 13, 19,53; IWWAS,1975/76; Master (1)

Zirker, Max, born about 1880 at Birnbaum on Warthe, Prussia, he finished high school in 1897 at Berlin and studied law and political science at Berlin and Freiburg im Breisgau. He received a Dr.jur. in 1903 from the Universitat Rostock for Die Stellung des nicht rechtsfahigen Vereins in seinem Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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vemeltnls zum rechtfahigen. He was the ediitor of Vereinsliederbuch far Jung-Juda, herausgegeben im Auftrag des JOdischen Turnvereins "Bar Kochba," Berlin (1901). Note; Thesis

Zirojevic, Olga, born 15 May 1934 at Pancevo, Serbia, she studied at the Faculty of Philosophy at Beograd, where she also graduated in 1957, and received her doctorate in 1967. She wrote Typcxo SOjHO ypenefbe y Cep6uju, 1459-1683 (1974), L.{apuapaocKu apyM 00 5eoapaoa 00 6youMa y XVI u XVl/seKY (1976), and lipsee u uenecmuou Ha noopy4jy nenKe nampujapwuje 00 1683 eooune (1984). Ko je ko u Srbiji, 1996

Zislin, Meier Natanovich, born 25 April 1916 Dvinsk (Daugava), Latvia, he graduated in 1948 at Moscow and received his first degree in philology in 1975 for "Mo, ORA YIN u - KapauMcKafi apaMMamuKa opeeneeepeocsoeo fl3blKa. From 1955 to 1984 he was affiliated with Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Science, Leningrad Branch. He edited Me'or 'a "Ceemou enese;" «epeuucee« apaMMamuKa opeeneeepeaceoeo fl3blKa, no pyxonucu 1208 a. (1990). Miliband; Miliband 2

=

von Zittel, Carl Alfred, born 25 September 1839 at Bahlingen, Baden, he studied natural sciences at Heidelberg, where he received his doctorate in 1860. He then went for further study to Paris. Since 1861 he was a geologist at Wien, where he also gained a Dr.habil. in 1863. After three years at Polytechnikum, Karsruhe, he was invited in 1866 to become a professor at Palaontologische Sammlungen in MOnchen. Apart from several scientific travels in Europe, he accompanied Gerhardf Rohlfs on his expedition to the Libyan Desert, 1873 to 1874. His writings include Briefe aus der Libyschen Waste (1875). He died in MOnchenon 5 January 1904. BiD&SB; DcScB; DtBE; DtBiind (6); Embacher; Master (3)

Zivkova, Liudmila Todorova, 1942-1981 see Zhivkova, Liudmila Todorova Ziyadah, Malan, born 20th cent., he studied at the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal, where he received an M.A. in 1968 and a Ph.D. in 1972 for The theory of motion in Ibn Bajjah's philosophy. In 1995 he was operating an Arab bookshop in Montreal. Ferahian; Private Zizinia, Stephan, comte, born in 1794 at Chios, he was a businessman who settled in Egypt and served a number of years as a Belgian consul at Alexandria. He died in 1868. Egyptology Ziatar, Zdenko, born 7 July 1947, he wrote Between the Double Eagle and the Crescent; the Republic of Dubrovnik and the origin of the Eastern Question (1992), The epic circle; allegoresis and the Western epic from Homer to Tasso (1993), and The Slavic epic; Gunduli6's Osman (1995). LC Zlitescu, Vitor Dan, born 20th cent., he was a Romanian lawyer who obtained a doctorate. His writings include Garan(ii1ecreditorului (1970), Reglementarea legala a organizarii §i conducerii unita(ilor socialiste de stat (1974), and Unitatea economice de stat §i personitatea juridica (Bucuresti, 1979). LC Ziatkin (Slatkin), lI'ia IAkovlevich, born in 1898 at St. Petersburg, he graduated in 1947 from Moscow State University, received his first degree in 1948, and his doctorate in 1961 with a thesis entitled t1cmopufl,a>KyHaapcKoao xencmee, 1635-1758. Since 1968 he was affiliated with the Academy of the Mongolian People's Republic. His writings include MOHaonbcKafi HapooHafi Pecny6nuKa - cmpaHa noeoa oeMoKpamuu (1950), its translation, Die Mongolische Volksrepublik; geschichtlicher Abril3 (1954), 04epKu noeoti u noeeiuuet) ucmopuu MOHaonuu (1957), and t1cmopufl ,a3yHaapcKoao xencmee, 1635-1758 (1983). He died 8 January 1990. Miliband Zlinkoff, David, fl. 1965, he was a translator from the Turkish and was resident in New York City.

Note

Zmerli, Mohammed Sadok, born in 1885, he wrote Les Precurseurs (1965), Les Succeseurs (1967), Espions et decepteurs en Tunisie, 1942-43 (1971), and Figures tunisiennes; les contemporains et les autres (1976). He died in 1983. LC Zniber, Mohamed, died in 1994 see Zunaybir, Muhammad Zoetmulder, Petrus Josephus, born 29 January 1906, he received a doctorate in 1935 from the Riijksuniversiteit te Leiden for Pantheisme en monisme in de Javaansche soeloek-litteratuur. His writings include De taal van het Adiparwa (Bantung, 1950), and Cultuur oost en west (Amsterdam, 1951). Ensiklopedi nasionallndonesia, vol. 17 (1990)

Zogheb, Antoine, born 19th cent., his wrings include La Situation economique de I'Egypte (1884), and L'Egypte economtque depuis Mehemet-Ali (1885). NUC, pre-1956 Zograf, Georgii Alesandrovich, born 15 April 1928 at Leningrad, he graduated in 1951 from the Leningrad Oriental Faculty, and received his first degree in 1954 with a thesis entitled Ocnoenue 4epmbl nposeinecsoeo ypoy neuene XIX seKa. Since 1954 he was attached to the Leningrad Branch of the Oriental Institute, Soviet Academy of Science. His writings include onuceuue pyKonuceil XUHOU u naHo>Ka6u t1Hcmumyma eocmoeoeeoenun (1960), 713bIKU t1HOUU, Ftexucmene, ueanone u Henana Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

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(1960), XUHoycmaHu Ha py6e>Ke XVIII-XIX ee. (1961), and he was joint editor of flumepamypa u Kynbmypa opeenet: u cpeoueeesoeot) UHOUU (1979). He died 26 April 1993. Miliband; Miliband2

Zohidov, Vohid see Zakhidov, Vakhid luldashevich Zohrer, Ludwig Gustav Alois, born 19 April 1906, he was an ethnologist who received a Dr.phil. in 1938 from the Universitat Wien for Geistige und materilelle Kunst bei den Imohag der Sahara, and later also a Dr.jur. He made five research visits to the Touareg and Targi and also visited the Sudan, Egypt, Somalia, Turkey, Central Asia and the Far East. In the service of Unesco he went on an educational mission to Afghanistan and Laos. His writings include Ritter der Sahara (1954), and Somelllender (1959). GV; Note Zolla, EIE§mir Venanzio, born 9 July 1926 at Torino, where he received a doctorate in law. He served as a professor of literature successively at Roma, Catania, Genova and again Roma. His writings include Saggi di etica e di estetica (1947), I moralisti moderni (1959), Volgarita e dolore (1962), I letterati e 10 sciamano (1969), and its translation, The writer and the shaman (1973). Chi e, 1961; ConAu 912, new rev. 6; OLB 196 (1999), pp. 283-292; IntAu&W, 1976-1991/92; Master (1); WhoItaly, 1958, 2002; WhoWor, 1976/77,1978/79,1993/94; WrOr, 1984/86-1988/90

Zoller, Elisabeth, born 1 July 1950, she graduated from the Faculte de droit et des sciences economiques, and the Institut d'etudes politiques, Aix-en-Province. In 1980 she was a lecturer at the Faculte de droit et des sciences politiques, Nantes. Her writings include La Bonne foi en droit international public (1977), a work which was originally presented in 1977 as a thesis for a doctorate in law at the Universite de Paris II. Her other writings include Peacetime unilateral remedies (1984), and Enforcing international law through U.S. legislation (1985). LC; Note Zoller, Hugo, born 12 January 1852 at Oberhausen, Prussia, he was a correspondent to Kollnische Zeitung, a journalist, and an explorer who annexed to Germany various tracts of country in West Africa. His writings include Die deutsche Colonie Kamerun (1885), Die deutschen Besitzungen an der westafrikanischen KOste (1885), Das Togoland und die SklavenkOste (1885), Als Journalist und Forscher in Deutschlands groBer Kolonialzeit (1930), and Le Togo en 1884 selon Hugo Zoller (1990). He died in 1933. BbO; BiO&SB; OtBiind (1); Wer ist's, 1928 Zoller, Israel A., 1881-1956 see Zolli, Eugenio Maria Zoller, Robert E., born 25 January 1947, his writings include The lost key to prediction; the Arabic parts in astrology (1980), and Arabic parts in astrology; the lost key to prediction (1989). LC Zolli, Eugenio Maria, born Israel Anton Zoller in 1881 at Brody, Galicia, he was a chief rabbi at Trieste before his appointment at Roma, where he served until 1945, when he converted to Catholicism. His writings include Sinaischrift und griechisch-Iateinisches Alphabet (1925), Israele; studi storico-religiosi (1935), " Nazareno (1938), its translation, The Nazarene (1950), and Before the dawn; autobiographical reflections (1954). He died in 1956. Louis I. Newman wrote A "Chief Rabbi" of Rome becomes a Catholic (1945). Bioln 4; Chi e, 1931, 1936, 1948; EncJud; JOdLex; NewCathEnc; NYT, 4 March 1956, p. 88, col. 7; Wininger

Zollikofer, August, born in 1904, he received a Dr. oecon. publicae in 1929 at Zurich for Die sozialpolitischen Einrichtungen der schweizerischen Bundesbahn. NUC, pre-1956

Zolondek, Leon, born in 1925, he received a Ph.D. in 1958 from the University of Chicago for his thesis, Di'bil b. tp.1i; his poetry and his "Book of the Poets." He was certainly from 1964 to 1967 affiliated with the University of Kentucky at Lexington. His writings include the translation from the Arabic, Book XX of al-Ghazali's Ihya' 'utam al-dTn (1963). LC; Note; Selim Zolotareva, I. M., born 20th cent., her writings include Anthropology of the small nations of northern Siberia (1982), and she edited 3mHoaeHe3 diunno-yeopoeux nepoooe no oaHHblM enmpononoeuu (1974), Pecoeenemuuecsue npoueccu a smnu-ecsoa ucmopuu (1974), and 3mHulfecKue caR3U uepoooe ceaepa A3UUu AMepuKu (1986). LC Zolotnitskii, Nikolai Ivanovich, born in 1829, he studied from 1847 to 1851 at the Faculty of Philology, Imperatorskii Kazanskii Universitet. In 1865 he joined the Ministry of Public Education, becoming in 1867 an inspector of Chuvash schools in the Kazan Region. He died in 1880. BiobibSOT, pp. 165-166 Zonis, Marvin M, born 18 September 1936 at Boston, he graduated from Yale University and received his Ph.D. in 1968 from M.I.T. for Iran; the politics of insecurity. He was from 1971 to his retirement a professor of behaviouristic and social sciences, University of Chicago, and concurrently served since 1975 as a director of its Center for Middle Eastern Studies. His writings include The political elite of Iran (1971), Khomeini, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Arab world (1987), and Majestic failure (1991). AmM&WS, 1973 S, 1978 S; ConAu 37-40; NatFacOr, 1994; Note; WhoAm, 1982-1996 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

700 Zonnenshtral'-Piskorskii, A. A., fl. 1926, his writings include include Me>KoyHapooHble mopeoeue ooeoeopi» u coeneiuenun, 1919-1924; cucmeusminecxui) 0630P (Moscow, 1925), and Me>KoyHapoonue mopeoeue ooeoeopu nepcuu (Moscow, 1931). NUC, pre-1956 Zoppo, Ciro Elliott, born 20th cent., he received a Ph.D. in 1963 from Columbia University for The test ban; a study in arms control negotiation. He was a sometime associate professor of political science at U.C.L.A., and executive director of the California Arms Control and Foreign Policy Seminar. His writings include Naval arms control in the Mediterranean (1975). LC; Note Zoppoth, Gerhard, he received a Dr.phil. in 1951 from the Universltat Wien for Die pseudott aristoteliche Schrift "Das Buch der Kriegstaktik nach den Handschriften. Schwarz Zorgbibe, Charles, born in 1935 at Alger, he was throughout most of the 1960s a lecturer at the Faculte de droit et des sciences econornlques, Clermont-Ferrand, and in 1981 a dean, Faculte de droit, and vice-president, Universite de Paris-Sud, and a professor of history of international relations at the Institut international d'administration publique. His writings include Imperialismes et aemocretie (1976), La Guerre civile (1969), Nuages de guerre sur les Emirats du Golfe (1984), Geopolitique et histoire du Golfe (1991), and Terres trop promises (1991). LC; Note Zorn, Peter, born 22 May 1682 at Hamburg, where he also received his education. He studied theology and classical philology at Rostock, Wittenberg, and Kiel. He was a sometime high school professor at Stettin and a librarian at Thorn. He died in 1746. Behrmann, p. 27; DtBilnd (10) Zotenberg, Hermann, born in 1836, he was a librarian at the Blbllotheque nationale de Paris, where he catalogued the library's Hebrew, Samaritan, Syriac, Sabaean, and Ethiopian manuscripts. Among the manuscripts of the Arabian nights he discovered the Arabic text of the story of Aladdin's magic lamp, which he then edited. In addition, he supplied a pioneering study of its history of transmission, Histoire d'Ala aI-Din, ou, La lampe merveilleuse (1888). In 1900 he edited from 'Abd ai-Malik ibn Muhammad al-Tha'allbl's Ghurar al-siyar, the Histoire des rois de Perse, together with a French translation. He also published Chronique de Abou Djafar Mo'hammed-ben-Djarir-ben- Yezid Tabari, traduction sur la version persane (1867-74). FOck,p. 251 Zouev (Zouyef), Vasilii Fedorovich, 1754-1794 see Zuev, Vasilii Fedorovich Zowlalyan (3ynaIlflH), Manvel Karapetovich, born 30 December 1929 at Aleppo, he graduated in 1953 from the Faculty of History, Leningrad Pedagogical Institute, and received his first degree in 1960 for ApMeHufi a nepaoil ttonoeuny XVI a. and his doctorate in 1975 for 3anaoHafi ApMeHufi a XVI-XVII ee, Since 1970 he was affiliated with the Armenian State Pedagogical Institute. In 1982 he was appointed a professor. His writings include Bonpocbl opeaHeil u cpeoHeaeKoaoil ucmopuu ApMeHuu a oceeiueuuu coepeuennoc mypeuxoi: ucmopuoepeipuu (1970) as well as works in Armenian. Miliband2 Zozaya Stabel-Hansen, Juan, born 20th cent., he gained a degree in Filosofta y Letras (Secci6n Historia), specializing in Islamic archaeology. In 1992 he was a deputy director of the Secci6n de Arqueoloqla Medieval y Artes Decoraticas in the Museo Arqueol6gico Nacional, Madrid. He was joint author of La fortaleza nubia de Cheikh-Daud, Tumas, Egipto (1963). Arabismo, 19921 Zschokke, Hermann, born 16 June 1838 at BOhmisch-Leipa, Austria, he was a sometime bishop of Wien as well as chancellor of the Faculty of Theology in the Universitat Wien. His writings include Beitrage zur Topographie der westlichen Jordans'au (1866), Historia sacra Antiqui Testamenti (1884), and Konstantinopel; eine Fahrt nach dem Goldenen Horn (1884). He died in Wien, 23 October 1920. BiGAW; DtBiind (2); Jaksch

Zsinka, Ferenc, born 21 February 1889 at Vac, Hungary, his writings include Losonczi Banffy Denes es kora (Budapest, 1914). He died in Budapest on 4 May 1930. MEL,1967-69 al-Zu'bi (Zuabi), 'Abd al-'AzTz, born about 1926 in Palestine, he was a Mapam member who served as a mayor of Nazareth. He was an executive member of Arab Cooperatives, affiliated with the Histadrut, and a secretary of the Arab-Jewish Association for Peace and Equality. He died about 1974 at the age of forty-seven. New outlook 17 iii (March/April1974), pp. 3-6 Zubov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, born 20th cent., he was an anthropologist whose writings include 3mHu4ecKafi ooonmonoeun (1973), he edited ounuo-yeoocxut: C60pHUK (1982), and he was joint editor of Ceneups; enmponcnceuuecsoe uccneooeenue (1982), and Somatology and population genetics of the Bashkirs (Helsinki, 1986). LC Zuccarelli, Francois, born 20th cent., he was a political scientist and historian and a sometime high official in the Senegal Minsitry of Interior. His writings include Un Parti politique africain, I'Union progreesiste senegalaise (1970), and La Vie politique senegalaise (1987). LC; Note Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

701

Zuccarini, Friedrich, born about 1800, he received a Dr.med, in 1824 from the Universltat Erlangen for Einiges zur Beleuchtung der Krankheiten der menschlichen Frucht. GV; NUC, pre-1956

Zucchinetti, Paolo Virginio, fl. 1876, he was an Italian traveller in the Sudan and Egypt, who was also a contributor to the Bulletin de la Societe khediviale de geographie. He wrote Lettre a S. A. Ie Khedive sur la reforme judiciaire eores treize ennees de fonctionnement (Le Caire, 1889), and Per 10denno, la responsabibita giuridica dell'uomo e cittadino dell'impiegato e ministro e dello state (Roma, 1895). Firenze; Hill

Zucker, Elisabeth, born 20th cent., she was joint author, together with Henri Leridon, of Fecondite et famille en Martinique (Paris, 1970). LC Zuckermann, Brigitta, born about 1930, she received a doctorate in history in 1960 from the pedagogical college, Potsdam, for Ferdinand von Richthofen; historische Wardigung eines deutschen Geographen, and also a Dr.habil. in 1969 for Standortentwicklung und Standortverteilung der Tuchindustrie in Cottbus. She was a sometime university professor whose tenure probably was revoked after German re-unification in 1990. She was joint editor of Probleme der regionalen Geographie sozialistischer Lander (Potsdam, Padagogische Hochschule "Karl Liebknecht, 1981). KOrschner, 1992; Sezgin II

Zudin, Petr Borisovich, born in 1896 at Samara on Volga, he graduated in 1924 from the Leningrad Institute of Living Oriental Languages. He spent two years in Persia and over ten years in Afghanistan. He was affiliated with the Soviet foreign office. His wrote PyccKo-ac/JeaHcKuli cnoeeps (1955), and he was joint author of KpamKuli ac/JeaHcKo-pyccKuli cnoeeos (1950). He died 17 October 1971. Miliband 2 Zudina, Larisa Petrovna, born 4 June 1931 at Meshed, the daughter of P. B. Zudin, she graduated in 1924 from Moscow State Institute of International Relations and received her first degree in economics in 1972 for AepapHble omnouienun e coeoeuenn. Tynuce. Since 1962 she was affiliated with the Oriental Institute in the Soviet Academy of Science. Her writings include AepapHble omnouienust e Tynuce (1976), and AepapHfle npeotipesoeenu« u peseumue censcsoeo x03f1licmea e cmpenex Maepu6a (1983). Miliband 2 Zuev, IUrii Alekseevich, born 8 December 1932 at Tyumen, Russia, he graduated in 1955 from the Oriental Faculty, Leningrad, and received his first degree in 1967 for ,[fpeeHemlOpKcKue eeHeanoeineceue npeaaHufl KaK ucm04HUK no pennet) ucmopuu miopxoe. His writings include Kumeiicsue ucm04HUKU no ucmopuu miopo« XI-XIV eesoe (1991). Miliband 2 Zuev (Zouev/Zouyef), Vasilii Fedorovich, born in 1754, he was a naturalist and a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Science. His writings include ttymeuiecmeennue 3anUCKU om» C. nemep6ype 00 xepcone e 1781 u 1782 eOabl (1787), its translation, Beschreibung seiner Reise von St. Petersburg nach Cherson in den Jahren 1781 und 1782 (1789), and Mamepuanbl no smnoepeipuu Cu6upu XVIII eese (1947). He died in 1794. BN; GSE; NUC, pre-1956 Zugmayer, Erich Johann Georg, born 16 May 1879 at Wien to a family of industrialists, he studied natural sciences and political economy at Heidelberg, where he received his doctorate in 1904 for Ober Sinnesorgane an den Tentakeln des genus Cardium. In the same year he visited the Caucasus and Kurdistan. In 1906 he went on an expedition to western Tibet and Kashmir, where he made the acquaintance of Sven Hedin. In 1907 he removed to MOnchen, where he was soon appointed section head of the Bavarian zoological collections. In this capacity he visited Baluchistan. A professor since 1911, he served during the first World War as a German consul at Isfahan and Kirman. A British prisoner of war in 1916, he was handed over to the Russians who released him in early 1918. In May of the same year he became an official at the German legation in Tiflis, returning to MOnchen in 1919. He there headed from 1922 to 1930 the economics section of the Munich branch of the foreign office. He later returned to Wien, where he died on 13 February 1938. His writings include Eine Reise durch Vorderasien im Jahre 1904 (1905), Eine Reise durch Zentralasien im Jahre 1906 (1908), and Die Fische von Balutschistan (1913). Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft 81 (1938), pp. 140141; Werlst's, 1935

Zuhuriddinov (3yxypLilAALilHoa), Abubakr Abdusaidovich, born 10 January 1933 at Bukhara, he graduated in 1955 from Tajikistan State University and received his first degree in philology in 1966 for H03UM u eeo meopuecmeo. He became affiliated with the Institute of Philology and Literature in the Tajik Academy of Science. He was an editor of classical Tajik and Persian texts, including Mahbub-ulqulub, of Mirzo Barkhudori Farohi (Dushanbe, 1979), Qonuni ilmi va amalii musiqi, of Zayn al-'Abidin Mahmud Husayni (Dushanbe, 1987), and Ash'ori muntakhab, of Hafiz-i Tanish ibn Mir Muhammad Bukhari (Dushanbe, 1988). LC; Miliband 2 Zulalian, Manvel Karapetovich, 1929- see Zowlalyan, Manvel Karapetovich Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

702 Zul'fagarova, Fakhrantadzh Ismail kyzy, born 17 February 1927 at Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan, she graduated in 1951 from the Oriental Faculty, Azerbaijan State University, and received her first degree in 1964 for UaeOMamUl.leCKUe eupexenu» U nepCUaCKOM fl3blKe. Since 1951 she was affiliated with the Oriental Faculty, Azerbaijan State University. In 1970 she was appointed a lecturer. Miliband2 Zul'fikarov, Timur, born 20th cent., his writings include EMUpbl, nosmu, Myape~bl (Dushanbe, 1983), tteoee» CKa3Ka e meoosecmee 10. A. Becneuoee (1985), Bosepetuenue XOa>KU HacpeaaUHa (Dushanbe, 1985), and tlesooeeut) cmpennu« Ha sonomoa oopoee (1991). LC Zummer, V. M., fl. 1926, he wrote )/(ueonUCHa$l mpsouuu« Bocmose no aaHHblM MUHuamlOpbl (Baku, 1930). aSK Zumwalt, Elmo Russell, born about 1946 at Tulare, Calif., he was a 1968 graduate of the University of North Carolina. He volunteered for the U.S. Navy and served in Vietnam, where he was heavily exposed to highly toxic chemicals, the use of which was authorized by his own father, a U.S. admiral. He was joint author of My father, my son (1986). He died of cancer in 1988. ConAu, 126 Zunaybir (Zniber), Muhammad, he was born at Sale, Morocco, where he received his primary education. He then attended the College Moulay Youssef at Rabat before studying epigraphy and history at the Sorbonne in Paris. He was an activist in the Mouvement national pour l'lndependance du Maroc. After independence, he was appointed to the cabinet where he served as head of the Departement Afrique in the Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres. He later became a professor of history at the Faculte des lettres et des sciences humaines in the Universite de Rabat, a post which held until his death from heart failure on 10 February 1994, while attending a colloquium in Spain. His writings include al-Hawa' al-jadid (1971), aI-Islam mundhu al-intilaqah al-ula ila nihayat al-Dawlah al-'Umawiyah (1973), and Safahat min al-wataniyah al-Maghribiyah (1990). LC; Revue Maroc-Europe, 6 (1994), pp. 362-363 Zurayk (Zurayq), Costi (Qustantin) K (Qaysar), born 18 April 1909 at Damascus, he was a graduate of A.U.B. and received his Ph.D. in 1930 from Princeton University with a thesis entitled Miskawayhi's moral philosophy. Except for the period 1945 to 1947, when he served as minister of Syria in Washington, D.C. and Syrian delegate to the U.N.O., he spent his teaching career as a professor of history at his alma mater from 1930 to 1949. He later served as an administrator at the Syrian University and A.U.B. as well as a visiting professor in America. In 1963 he founded the Institute for Palestine Studies, Beirut. He died in Beirut on 12 August 2000. Biography and genealogy master index (2); International who's who, 1974-1995/96; MESA Bulletin, 34 (2000), pp. 303-304; The Middle East and North Africa, 1982/83; Selim; Who's who in the Arab world, 1981/82-2001/20021

Zurbuchen, Johannes, born 15 January 1844 to an agricultural family at the mountain village of Habkern near Interlaken, Switzerland. As the only surviving child, he benefitted from the particular care of his parents. After graduation from the local primary and secondary schools, he graduated in 1862 from the agricultural college at ROtii near Bern. Little inclined to agriculture, he studied medicine, particularly homoeopathy, at the Unlversitat Bern. Circumstances obliged him to take a degree in veterinary medicine and become a practising veterinary, since 1868 at Konolfingen and later at Interlaken. Disenchanted with both his situation and position, he sailed for Egypt, landing in Alexandria on 28 March 1870. After having learned Arabic and Italian, he started a medical practice at Cairo. In September of 1871 he joined the Compangie a vapeur du Khedive as a ship's doctor, plying between Alexandria and Constantinople. In 1875 he became a military physician at Cairo, and in 1876, chief medical officer of the Sudan railway project, residing in Wadi Haifa, where he remained from January 1877 to March 1879. He then went to Khartoum, where General C. G. Gordon posted him to Kordofan and Darfur as a medical officer. In December of 1879 he returned to Khartoum to be appointed principal medical oficer of all of the Sudan. In this capacity he accompanied from October 1880 to January 1881 the new governor-general, Rauf Pasha, on his campaign to Abyssinia. He died in Khartum of typhoid fever after only six days on 5 July 1882. Hill, p. 409; Petermanns Mitteilungen, 30 (1884), pp. 443-444 Zurcher, Erik Jan, born 15 March 1953 at Leiden, he received a doctorate in 1984 from the Rijksuniversiteit the Leiden for The Unionist factor; the role of the Committee of Union and Progress in the Turkish national movement. He was successively a senior staff member at the universities of Nijmegen, Amsterdam and Leiden. His writings include Political opposition in the early Turkish Republic (1991), Turkey; a modern history (1993), his own translation, Een geschiedenis van het moderne Turkije (1995), and he was joint author of China nu; balans van de culturele revolutie (1973). Brinkman's; ConAu, 158; DrBSMES, 1993; EURAMES, 1993; MESA Roster of members, 1990

Zurlinden, Samuel, born in 1861, he was successively an editor of two Swiss newspapers and a sometime secretary of Schweizerische Liga fOr den VOlkerbund. His writings include 1m Morgenland; Reisebilder (1887), La Guerre mondiale et les Suisses (1917), and Der Volkerbund und die Schweiz (1920). DtBiind (1); NUC, pre-1956; Sezgin Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

703

Zurrer, Werner, born 20th cent., he received a Dr.phil. in 1970 from the Universitat MOnchen for Die Nahostpolitik Frankreichs und Rul3lands. His writings include Persien zwischen England und Rul3land,

1918-1925 (1978).

LC

Zvereva, Liudmila Sergeevna, born 20th cent., she was, with Nikolai Aleksandrovich Olin, joint author of Kyeeilm (Moscow, c1964, 1968). aSK

Zviagelskaia, Irina Donovna, born 20th cent., she was a section head of regional conflicts at the Institute of Oriental Studies in the Soviet Academy of Science. In 1991 she was appointed vicepresident of the Russian Centre for Strategic Research and International Studies. She was an honorary member of BSMES. She was joint author of Tpu KOHC/JnuKma; unepuu« pacnaaa nocmcoeemcsoeo npocmpeucmee (1996), and she was joint editor of An ethnic history of Russia (1996). Note

Zwahlen, Mary, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in law. Her writings include Le Divorce en Turquie (Geneve, 1981). LC

Zweig, Ronald William, born 17 October 1949 at Sydney, he was a graduate of Sdney University and received his Ph.D. in 1978 from Cambridge University for British policy in Palestine, May 1939 to 1943; the fate of the White Paper. He was since 1989 a director of the Institute of Research in History of Zionism, Tel-Aviv. His writings include German reparations and the Jewish world (1987), and he was joint editor of Abba Hillel Silver and American Zionism (1997). ConAu 124; Sluglett; WhoWor, 1991/92

Zwemer, Amy Elizabeth nee Wilkes, born about 1866 at Woolverhampton, England.

After she graduated as a registered nurse, she worked for sometime in a hospital in Sydney before volunteering for mission work in Baghdad. In 1896 she was married to Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, and became the first woman worker in the Arabian Mission. Upon their retirement on 1 January 1930, they settled in Princeton, N.J. She died on 25 January 1937 in New York City, where she had gone from her home to attend an anniversary meeting of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America, under which she had worked for many years. MW 27 (1937), p. 111

Zwemer, Samuel Marinus, born 12 April 1867 at Vriesland, Mich., he was a graduate of New Brunswick Theological Seminary, and ordained in 1890. His life falls into three periods characterized by pioneering work in Arabia, ecumenical leadership among missionaries to Islam, and a teaching career. At the end of the first stage, in 1912, he accepted an invitation to make Cairo his base and to promote ecumenical study and publications about Christianity and Islam, while in 1928, he accepted the position of professor of the history of religion and Christian missions at Princeton Theological Seminary. At all time, but especially between 1912 and 1928, he travelled widely in the Muslim world. His experience of the actualities of Islam was assisted by a keen anthropological eye which noted the details of "popular" as opposed to "textbook" Islam. This found expression in books such as The influence of animism on Islam (1920), and Studies in popular Islam (1939). At the same time, he was fascinated by alGhazzali, on whom he wrote his book A Moslem seeker after God (1920). He died in Port Chester, N.Y., 2 April 1952. Bidwell, p. 210; FOck, p. 286; Master index (3); MW 57 (1967),79-93; Shavit; Who was who, 5

Zwettler, Michael James, born 22 April 1940 at Madison, Wise., he graduated in 1962 from the University of Notre Dame and received a Ph.D. in 1972 from the University of California at Berkeley for The oral tradition of classical Arabic poetry, its character and implications. He taught at Berkeley, before joining the Department of Judaic and Near Eastern Studies in Ohio State University, Columbus, a post which he still held in 2003. DrAS, 1974 F; NatFacDr, 1994-2003; Selim Freiherr von Zwiedinek-Sudenhorst, Julius, born 9 August 1833 at Mantua, he went to school in Frankfurt am Main and studied law at Graz and Wien, where he also studied at k.k. Orientalische Akademie. In 1857 he was sent to Jerusalem as a consular eleve; in 1859 he was appointed deputy interpreter to the k. k. internuncio at Constantinople; from October 1860 to November 1861 he was a delegate to the international commission to investigate the Syrian disorders; and in August 1863 he advanced to first interpreter at the consulate-general in Smyrna. A consul since 1866, he successively served until 1877 in Janina, Trebizond, and Beirut. Having accomplished a trade mission to Tehran in 1872, he was commissioned to write Syrien und seine Bedeutung far den Welthandel (1873). On the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish war in 1877, he was sent to Bucuresti as diplomatic agent and subsequently served as Austro-Hungarian delegate with the international commission in BUlgaria. In late 1879 he was appointed to the Foreign Ministry. He represented Austria at Berlin and Constantinople on questions of the Graeco-Turkish boundary settlement as well as the Ottoman financial crisis. Since 1888 he was minister plenipotentiary. Wurzbach

Zwittkovits, Franz, born about 1930, he received a Dr.phil. in 1961 from the Universitat Wien for Geo-

He was a sometime assistant at Geographisches Institut in the Hochschule fur Welthandel, Wien, and subsequently

morphologie der scdticnen Gebirgsumrahmung des Beckens von Windischgarsten.

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704 served as a lecturer in agrarian geography in the Universitat Wien. He was joint author of Csterreich im Satellitenbild (1976), and he was joint editor of Landeskundlicher Flugbildatlas (1978). KOrschner, 1980-19921; Note

Zwobada-Rosel, Jacqueline, born 20th cent., she received a doctorate in 1978 from the Universite de Paris V with a thesis entitled La lecture en langue arabe chez I'enfant algerien; approche clinique d'une epreuve de lecture pour les quatre premieres ennees scolaires. THESAM, 2

Zybon, Adolf, born 20th cent. he received a Dr.rer.pol. in 1958 from the Universitat Koln for Die wechselseitigen EinflOsse zwischen der Betriebswirtschaftslehre und dem Handelsrecht in Bilanzfragen. He was a professor of political economy at his alma mater. His writngs include Rechnungswesen und Organisation (1969), and Wirtschaftskriminalitat als gesamtwirtschaftliches Problem (1972). KOrschner, 1976-19921

Zyguiski, Zdzislaw, born 18 August 1921 at Boryslaw, Poland, he received a Dr.phil. in 1961, Dr.habil. in 1968. He was since 1978 affiliated with the Museum Czartoryskich, Krakow, as a curator, and with the Fine Arts Academy, Krakow, as a professor. He was a sometime president of the International Association of Museums of Arms and Military History. His writings include Mysliwstwo i jetdziectwe w sztuce (1965), Bron jako dzielo sztuki (1969), Mikolaj Kopernik w Krakowie (1973), Sztuka turecka (1988), and Sztuka islamu w zbiorach polskich (1989). ConAu 145; KtoPolsce, 1993; NEP; WhoSoCE, 1993

Zyhlarz, Ernst Josef, born 27 August 1890 at Konigliche Weinberge near Prag, Austria-Hungary, he received a Dr.phil. in 1921 from the Unlversitat Wien for Die agyptische Kultursprache in den demotischen Totenpapyri Rhind. He was a lecturer at his alma mater from 1930 to 1931 and since 1937 a lecturer in Hamito-Semitic languages at the Universitat Hamburg. His writings include GrundzOge der nubischen Grammatik (1928). He died in Hamburg on 12 July 1964. Egyptology; KOrschner, 1935, 1940/41

Zykan, Josef, born 19 February 1901 at Wien, he received a Dr.phil. in 1933 from the Unlversitat Wien for Das iranische Sinnbild. He was since 1938 affiliated with the Austrian office of national monuments. His writings include Die Stephanskirche (1959), and Luxemburg (1969). GV; Teichl

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HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES (HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK) Section I: NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST Abt. I: DER NAHE UND MITTLERE OSTEN ISSN 0169-9423 Band 1. Ägyptologie 1. Ägyptische Schrift und Sprache. Mit Beiträgen von H. Brunner, H. Kees, S. Morenz, E. Otto, S. Schott. Mit Zusätzen von H. Brunner. Nachdruck der Erstausgabe (1959). 1973. ISBN 90 04 03777 2 2. Literatur. Mit Beiträgen von H. Altenmüller, H. Brunner, G. Fecht, H. Grapow, H. Kees, S. Morenz, E. Otto, S. Schott, J. Spiegel, W. Westendorf. 2. verbesserte und erweiterte Au age. 1970. ISBN 90 04 00849 7 3. Helck, W. Geschichte des alten Ägypten. Nachdruck mit Berichtigungen und Ergänz-ungen. 1981. ISBN 90 04 06497 4 Band 2. Keilschriftforschung und alte Geschichte Vorderasiens 1-2/2. Altkleinasiatische Sprachen [und Elamitisch]. Mit Beiträgen von J. Friedrich, E. Reiner, A. Kammenhuber, G. Neumann, A. Heubeck. 1969. ISBN 90 04 00852 7 3. Schmökel, H. Geschichte des alten Vorderasien. Reprint. 1979. ISBN 90 04 00853 5 4/2. Orientalische Geschichte von Kyros bis Mohammed. Mit Beiträgen von A. Dietrich, G. Widengren, F. M. Heichelheim. 1966. ISBN 90 04 00854 3 Band 3. Semitistik Semitistik. Mit Beiträgen von A. Baumstark, C. Brockelmann, E. L. Dietrich, J. Fück, M. Höfner, E. Littmann, A. Rücker, B. Spuler. Nachdruck der Erstausgabe (1953-1954). 1964. ISBN 90 04 00855 1 Band 4. Iranistik 1. Linguistik. Mit Beiträgen von K. HoVmann, W. B. Henning, H. W. Bailey, G. Morgenstierne, W. Lentz. Nachdruck der Erstausgabe (1958). 1967. ISBN 90 04 03017 4 2/1. Literatur. Mit Beiträgen von I. Gershevitch, M. Boyce, O. Hansen, B. Spuler, M. J. Dresden. 1968. ISBN 90 04 00857 8 2/2. History of Persian Literature from the Beginning of the Islamic Period to the Present Day. With Contributions by G. Morrison, J. Baldick and Sh. Kadkan¯. 1981. ISBN 90 04 06481 8 3. Krause, W. Tocharisch. Nachdruck der Erstausgabe (1955) mit Zusätzen und Berichtigungen. 1971. ISBN 90 04 03194 4 Band 5. Altaistik 1. Turkologie. Mit Beiträgen von A. von Gabain, O. Pritsak, J. Benzing, K. H. Menges, A. Temir, Z. V. Togan, F. Taeschner, O. Spies, A. Caferoglu, A. Battal-Tamays. Reprint with additions of the 1st (1963) ed. 1982. ISBN 90 04 06555 5 2. Mongolistik. Mit Beiträgen von N. Poppe, U. Posch, G. Doerfer, P. Aalto, D. Schröder, O. Pritsak, W. Heissig. 1964. ISBN 90 04 00859 4 3. Tungusologie. Mit Beiträgen von W. Fuchs, I. A. Lopatin, K. H. Menges, D. Sinor. 1968. ISBN 90 04 00860 8 Band 6. Geschichte der islamischen Länder 5/1. Regierung und Verwaltung des Vorderen Orients in islamischer Zeit. Mit Beiträgen von H. R. Idris und K. Röhrborn. 1979. ISBN 90 04 05915 6 5/2. Regierung und Verwaltung des Vorderen Orients in islamischer Zeit. 2. Mit Beiträgen von D. Sourdel und J. Bosch Vilá. 1988. ISBN 90 04 08550 5 6/1. Wirtschaftsgeschichte des Vorderen Orients in islamischer Zeit. Mit Beiträgen von B. Lewis, M. Rodinson, G. Baer, H. Müller, A. S. Ehrenkreutz, E. Ashtor, B. Spuler, A. K. S. Lambton, R. C. Cooper, B. Rosenberger, R. Arié, L. Bolens, T. Fahd. 1977. ISBN 90 04 04802 2 Band 7 Armenisch und Kaukasische Sprachen. Mit Beiträgen von G. Deeters, G. R. Solta, V. Inglisian. 1963. ISBN 90 04 00862 4 Band 8. Religion 1/1. Religionsgeschichte des alten Orients. Mit Beiträgen von E. Otto, O. Eissfeldt, H. Otten, J. Hempel. 1964. ISBN 90 04 00863 2 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

1/2/2/1. Boyce, M. A History of Zoroastrianism. The Early Period. Rev. ed. 1989. ISBN 90 04 08847 4 1/2/2/2. Boyce, M. A History of Zoroastrianism. Under the Achaemenians. 1982. ISBN 90 04 06506 7 1/2/2/3. Boyce, M. and Grenet, F. A History of Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism under Macedonian and Roman Rule. With a Contribution by R. Beck. 1991. ISBN 90 04 09271 4 2. Religionsgeschichte des Orients in der Zeit der Weltreligionen. Mit Beiträgen von A. Adam, A. J. Arberry, E. L. Dietrich, J. W. Fück, A. von Gabain, J. Leipoldt, B. Spuler, R. Strothman, G. Widengren. 1961. ISBN 90 04 00864 0 Ergänzungsband 1 1. Hinz, W. Islamische Maße und Gewichte umgerechnet ins metrische System. Nachdruck der Erstausgabe (1955) mit Zusätzen und Berichtigungen. 1970. ISBN 90 04 00865 9 Ergänzungsband 2 1. Grohmann, A. Arabische Chronologie und Arabische Papyruskunde. Mit Beiträgen von J. Mayr und W. C. Till. 1966. ISBN 90 04 00866 7 2. Khoury, R. G. Chrestomathie de papyrologie arabe. Documents relatifs à la vie privée, sociale et administrative dans les premiers siècles islamiques. 1992. ISBN 90 04 09551 9 Ergänzungsband 3 Orientalisches Recht. Mit Beiträgen von E. Seidl, V. Korosc, E. Pritsch, O. Spies, E. Tyan, J. Baz, Ch. Chehata, Ch. Samaran, J. Roussier, J. Lapanne-Joinville, S. S¸ . Ansay. 1964. ISBN 90 04 00867 5 Ergänzungsband 5 1/1. Borger, R. Einleitung in die assyrischen Königsinschriften. 1. Das zweite Jahrtausend vor Chr. Mit Verbesserungen und Zusätzen. Nachdruck der Erstausgabe (1961). 1964. ISBN 90 04 00869 1 1/2. Schramm, W. Einleitung in die assyrischen Königsinschriften. 2. 934-722 v. Chr. 1973. ISBN 90 04 03783 7 Ergänzungsband 6 1. Ullmann, M. Die Medizin im Islam. 1970. ISBN 90 04 00870 5 2. Ullmann, M. Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam. 1972. ISBN 90 04 03423 4 Ergänzungsband 7 Gomaa, I. A Historical Chart of the Muslim World. 1972. ISBN 90 04 03333 5 Ergänzungsband 8 Kornrumpf, H.-J. Osmanische Bibliographie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Türkei in Europa. Unter Mitarbeit von J. Kornrumpf. 1973. ISBN 90 04 03549 4 Ergänzungsband 9 Firro, K. M. A History of the Druzes. 1992. ISBN 90 04 09437 7 Band 10 Strijp, R. Cultural Anthropology of the Middle East. A Bibliography. Vol. 1: 1965-1987. 1992. ISBN 90 04 09604 3 Band 11 Endress, G. & Gutas, D. (eds.). A Greek and Arabic Lexicon. (GALex ). Materials for a Dictionary of the Mediæval Translations from Greek into Arabic. Fascicle 1. Introduction—Sources— { – {-kh-r. Compiled by G. Endress & D. Gutas, with the assistance of K. Alshut, R. Arnzen, Chr. Hein, St. Pohl, M. Schmeink. 1992. ISBN 90 04 09494 6 Fascicle 2. {-kh-r – {-s.-l. Compiled by G. Endress & D. Gutas, with the assistance of K. Alshut, R. Arnzen, Chr. Hein, St. Pohl, M. Schmeink. 1993. ISBN 90 04 09893 3 Fascicle 3. {-s.-l – {-l-y. Compiled by G. Endress, D. Gutas & R. Arnzen, with the assistance of Chr. Hein, St. Pohl. 1995. ISBN 90 04 10216 7 Fascicle 4. Ila- – inna. Compiled by R. Arnzen, G. Endress & D. Gutas, with the assistance of Chr. Hein & J. Thielmann. 1997. ISBN 90 04 10489 5. Band 12 Jayyusi, S. K. (ed.). The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Chief consultant to the editor, M. Marín. 2nd ed. 1994. ISBN 90 04 09599 3 Band 13 Hunwick, J. O. and O’Fahey, R. S. (eds.). Arabic Literature of Africa. Editorial Consultant: Albrecht Hofheinz. Volume I. The Writings of Eastern Sudanic Africa to c. 1900. Compiled by R. S. O’Fahey, with the assistance of M. I. Abu Salim, A. Hofheinz, Y. M. Ibrahim, B. Radtke and K. S. Vikør. 1994. ISBN 90 04 09450 4 Volume II. The Writings of Central Sudanic Africa. Compiled by John O. Hunwick, with the Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

assistance of Razaq Abubakre, Hamidu Bobboyi, Roman Loimeier, Stefan Reichmuth and Muhammad Sani Umar. 1995. ISBN 90 04 10494 1 Volume III. The Writings of the Muslim Peoples of Northeastern Africa. Compiled by R.S. O’Fahey with the assistance of Hussein Ahmed, Lidwien Kapteijns, Mohamed M. Kassim, Jonathan Miran, Scott S. Reese and Ewald Wagner. 2003. ISBN 90 04 10938 2 Volume IV. The Writings of Western Sudanic Africa. Compiled by John O. Hunwick with the assistance of Ousmane Kane, Bernard Salvaing, Rudiger Seesemann, Mark Sey and Ivor Wilks. 2003. ISBN 90 04 12444 6 Band 14 Decker, W. und Herb, M. Bildatlas zum Sport im alten Ägypten. Corpus der bildlichen Quellen zu Leibesübungen, Spiel, Jagd, Tanz und verwandten Themen. Bd.1: Text. Bd. 2: Ab-bildungen. 1994. ISBN 90 04 09974 3 (Set) Band 15 Haas, V. Geschichte der hethitischen Religion. 1994. ISBN 90 04 09799 6 Band 16 Neusner, J. (ed.). Judaism in Late Antiquity. Part One: The Literary and Archaeological Sources. 1994. ISBN 90 04 10129 2 Band 17 Neusner, J. (ed.). Judaism in Late Antiquity. Part Two: Historical Syntheses. 1994. ISBN 90 04 09799 6 Band 18 Orel, V. E. and Stolbova, O. V. (eds.). Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary. Materials for a Reconstruction. 1994. ISBN 90 04 10051 2 Band 19 al-Zwaini, L. and Peters, R. A Bibliography of Islamic Law, 1980-1993. 1994. ISBN 90 04 10009 1 Band 20 Krings, V. (éd.). La civilisation phénicienne et punique. Manuel de recherche. 1995. ISBN 90 04 10068 7 Band 21 Hoftijzer, J. and Jongeling, K. Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions. With appendices by R.C. Steiner, A. Mosak Moshavi and B. Porten. 1995. 2 Parts. ISBN Set (2 Parts) 90 04 09821 6 Part One: { - L. ISBN 90 04 09817 8 Part Two: M - T. ISBN 90 04 9820 8. Band 22 Lagarde, M. Index du Grand Commentaire de Fah-r al-DÊn al-Ra-zÊ. 1996. ISBN 90 04 10362 7 Band 23 Kinberg, N. A Lexicon of al-Farra- "’s Terminology in his Qur"a-n Commentary. With Full Definitions, English Summaries and Extensive Citations. 1996. ISBN 90 04 10421 6 Band 24 Fähnrich, H. und Sardshweladse, S. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Kartwel-Sprachen. 1995. ISBN 90 04 10444 5 Band 25 Rainey, A.F. Canaanite in the Amarna Tablets. A Linguistic Analysis of the Mixed Dialect used by Scribes from Canaan. 1996. ISBN Set (4 Volumes) 90 04 10503 4 Volume I. Orthography, Phonology. Morphosyntactic Analysis of the Pronouns, Nouns, Numerals. ISBN 90 04 10521 2 Volume II. Morphosyntactic Analysis of the Verbal System. ISBN 90 04 10522 0 Volume III. Morphosyntactic Analysis of the Particles and Adverbs. ISBN 90 04 10523 9 Volume IV. References and Index of Texts Cited. ISBN 90 04 10524 7 Band 26 Halm, H. The Empire of the Mahdi. The Rise of the Fatimids. Translated from the German by M. Bonner. 1996. ISBN 90 04 10056 3 Band 27 Strijp, R. Cultural Anthropology of the Middle East. A Bibliography. Vol. 2: 1988-1992. 1997. ISBN 90 04 010745 2 Band 28 Sivan, D. A Grammar of the Ugaritic Language. 1997. ISBN 90 04 10614 6 Band 29 Corriente, F. A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic. 1997. ISBN 90 04 09846 1 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

Band 30 Sharon, M. Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae (CIAP). Vol. 1: A. 1997. ISBN 90 04 010745 2 Vol.1: B. 1999. ISBN 90 04 110836 Band 31 Török, L. The Kingdom of Kush. Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization. 1997. ISBN 90 04 010448 8 Band 32 Muraoka, T. and Porten, B. A Grammar of Egyptian Aramaic. 1998. ISBN 90 04 10499 2 Second revised edition. 2003. ISBN 90 04 13608 8 Band 33 Gessel, B.H.L. van. Onomasticon of the Hittite Pantheon. 1998. ISBN Set (2 parts) 90 04 10809 2 Band 34 Klengel, H. Geschichte des hethitischen Reiches 1998. ISBN 90 04 10201 9 Band 35 Hachlili, R. Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Diaspora 1998. ISBN 90 04 10878 5 Band 36 Westendorf, W. Handbuch der altägyptischen Medizin. 1999. ISBN Set (2 Bände) 90 04 10319 8 Band 37 Civil, M. Mesopotamian Lexicography. 1999. ISBN 90 04 11007 0 Band 38 Siegelová, J. and Sou´ek, V. Systematische Bibliographie der Hethitologie. 1999. ISBN Set (3 Bände) 90 04 11205 7 Band 39 Watson, W.G.E. and Wyatt, N. Handbook of Ugaritic Studies. 1999. ISBN 90 04 10988 9 Band 40 Neusner, J. Judaism in Late Antiquity, III,1. 1999. ISBN 90 04 11186 7 Band 41 Neusner, J. Judaism in Late Antiquity, III,2. 1999. ISBN 90 04 11282 0 Band 42 Drijvers, H.J.W. and Healey, J.F. The Old Syriac Inscriptions of Edessa and Osrhoene. 1999. ISBN 90 04 11284 7 Band 43 Daiber, H. Bibliography of Philosophical Thought in Islam. 2 Volumes. ISBN Set (2 Volumes) 90 04 11347 9 Volume I. Alphabetical List of Publications 1999. ISBN 90 04 09648 5 Volume II. Index of Names, Terms and Topics. 1999. ISBN 90 04 11348 7 Band 44 Hunger, H. and Pingree, D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. 1999. ISBN 90 04 10127 6 Band 45 Neusner, J. The Mishnah. Religious Perspectives 1999. ISBN 90 04 11492 0 Band 46 Neusner, J. The Mishnah. Social Perspectives 1999. ISBN 90 04 11491 2 Band 47 Khan, G. A Grammar of Neo-Aramaic. 1999. ISBN 90 04 11510 2 Band 48 Takács, G. Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian. Vol. 1. 1999. ISBN 90 04 11538 2 Takács, G. Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian. Vol. 2. 2001. ISBN 90 04 12121 8 Band 49 Avery-Peck, A.J. and Neusner, J. Judaism in Late Antiquity IV. 2000. ISBN 90 04 11262 6 Band 50 Tal, A. A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic. (2 Volumes) 2000. ISBN 90 04 11858 6 (dl. 1) ISBN 90 04 11859 4 (dl. 2) ISBN 90 04 11645 1 (set) Band 51 Holes, C. Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia. Vol. 1 : Glossary 2001. ISBN 90 04 10763 0 Band 52 Jong, R.E. de. A Grammar of the Bedouin Dialects of the Northern Sinai Littoral. Bridging the Linguistic Gap between the Eastern and Western Arab World. 2000. ISBN 90 04 11868 3 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

Band 53 Avery-Peck, A.J. and Neusner, J. Judaism in Late Antiquity III,3. Where we stand: Issues and Debates in Ancient Judaism. 2000. ISBN 90 04 11892 6 Band 54 Krahmalkov, Ch. R. A Phoenician-Punic Grammar. 2001. ISBN 90 04 11771 7 Band 55 Avery-Peck, A.J. and Neusner, J. Judaism in Late Antiquity III,4. Where we stand: Issues and Debates in Ancient Judaism.. The Special Problem of the Synagogue. 2001. ISBN 90 04 12000 9. Band 56 Avery-Peck, A.J., Neusner, J., and Chilton, B. Judaism in Late Antiquity V,1. The Judaism of Qumran: A Systemic Reading of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Theory of Israel. 2001. ISBN 90 04 12001 7 Band 57 Avery-Peck, A.J., Neusner, J., and Chilton, B. Judaism in Late Antiquity V,2. The Judaism of Qumran: A Systemic Reading of the Dead Sea Scrolls. World View, Comparing Judaisms. 2001. ISBN 90 04 12003 3 Band 58 Gacek, A. The Arabic manuscript tradition. A Glossary of Technical Terms and Bibliography. 2001. ISBN 90 04 12061 0 Band 60 Marzolph, U. Narrative illustration in Persian lithographed books. 2001. ISBN 90 04 12100 5 Band 61 Zammit, M.R. A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur’§nic Arabic. 2002. ISBN 90 04 11801 2 Band 62 Grossmann, P. Christliche Architektur in Ägypten. 2002. ISBN 90 04 12128 5 Band 63 Weipert, R. Classical Arabic Philology and Poetry. A Bibliographical Handbook of Important Editions from 1960 to 2000. 2002 ISBN 90 04 12342 3 Band 64 Collins, B.J. A History of the Animal World in the Ancient Near East. 2002. ISBN 90 09 12126 9 Band 65 Avery-Peck, A.J. and Neusner, J. The Mishnah in Contemporary Perspective. Part I. 2002. ISBN 90 09 12515 9 Band 66 Muffs, Y. Studies in the Aramaic Legal Papyri from Elephantine. 2003. ISBN 90 04 12868 9 Band 67 del Olmo Lete, G., and Sanmartín, J., edited and translated by Wilfred G.E. Watson. A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (2 vols) ISBN 9004128913 (set) Band 68 Melchert, H.C. The Luwians. 2003. ISBN 90 04 13009 8 Band 69 Ritter, H, translated by John O’Kane with Editorial Assistance of Bernd Radtke. The Ocean of the Soul. Man, the World and God in the Stories of FarÊd al-DÊn #Aãã§r ISBN 90 04 12068 8 Band 70 Borg, A. A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic-English). With an Introductory Essay. 2004. ISBN 90 04 13198 1 Band 71 Edzard, D.O. Sumerian Grammar. 2003. ISBN 90 04 12608 2 Band 72 Westbrook, R. A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law. ISBN 90 04 12995 2 Wolfgang Behn - 978-90-47-41435-3 Downloaded from Brill.com02/08/2023 11:58:32AM via Universite degli Studi di Milano

Band 73 Polliack, M. A Guide to Karaite Studies. The History and Literary Sources of Medieval and Modern Karaite Judaism. 2003. ISBN 90 04 12251 6 Band 74 Soysal, O. Hattischer Wortschatz in hethitischer Textüberlieferung. 2004. ISBN 90 04 13706 8 Band 75 Bleaney, C.H., Roper, G.J., and Sluglett, P. Iraq. A Bibliographical Guide. 2004. ISBN 90 04 13942 7 Band 76 Behn,W. Concise Biographical Companion to Index Islamicus. An International Who’s Who in Islamic Studies from its Beginnings down to the Twentieth Century. 2004. Bio-biographical Supplements to Index Islamicus, 1665-1980, Volume One. ISBN 90 04 14117 0 Behn,W. Concise Biographical Companion to Index Islamicus. 2004. Bio-biographical Supplements to Index Islamicus, 1665-1980, Volume Three. ISBN 90 04 14189 8

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