Chinese Philosophy, 1949–1963: An Annotated Bibliography of Mainland China Publications 9780824885359

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CHINESE PHILOSOPHY, 1949-1963: An Annotated Bibliography of Mainland China Publications

CHINESE PHILOSOPHY,

1949-1963

An Annotated Bibliography of Mainland China Publications

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By Wing-tsit Chan

East-West Center Press Honolulu, Hawaii

Copyright 196 7 by East-West Center Press University of Hawaii All rights reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 65-20582 Manufactured in the United States of America

PREFACE

In the course of my research on Chinese philosophy in Mainland China from 1949 to 1963,* I found it difficult to locate many books and articles. However, as I have accumulated a good number of items in Asia and in the United States, I thought a list should be made available to libraries and scholars. In spite of intensive effort, a number of publications, especially periodical articles, remained out of reach for my examination anywhere in Hong Kong, Japan, or the United States. I have listed the authors and titles of these wherever known but either have not annotated them or have put the annotations in parentheses. My first impulse was to wait until these had been located and consulted before making the bibliography public , but that day may not come for many years. In the meantime, this publication should serve a useful purpose. The bibliography includes 213 books and 756 articles published in Mainland China from 1949 through 1963. Some newspaper reports are included if they are substantial. A few articles on philosophy in general are also included if they deal with Chinese philosophy substantially. On the contrary, if an article on philosophy in general only incidentally touches on Chinese philosophy, it is not *This research w a s supported financially by the American Philosophical Society through its Penrose Fund, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Social Science Research Council, the Rockefeller Foundation, and Dartmouth C o l l e g e , for which I am deeply grateful. They are not the sponsors, however, of this publication, nor are they responsible for any opinion expressed in it.

v

included. A few articles published in Hong Kong "have been selected because they are reprints of articles published in Mainland China. Articles previously published and now reprinted in collections are listed separately since they deal with various subjects, but articles criticizing Hu Shih6f} jj|,and Liang Sou-ming Jf. previously published and now included in collections have not been selected because they deal with the general subjects of the collections. Many works in Chinese go under the classification of "philosophy" (tzu 3r) but are on history, military arts, etc. , and not on philosophy. They are not deemed to be within the scope of this bibliography. This bibliography is divided into two parts, the first for books and the second for articles. Both are divided into the same forty-three sections chronologically. Within the sections the publications are listed in chronological order. Books published in the same year are listed alphabetically but articles published in the same year are listed chronologically; for example, the fifth number of a monthly would precede the third number of a quarterly. Works published before 1949 are arranged according to dates of reprint. It i s felt that the time element is of utmost importance in the study of contemporary China. Readers wanting to look up an article of a certain author can readily do so by using the Index of Personal Names. Books are given numbers bearing the capital letter B and the number of the sections to which they belong, from B l / 1 to B43/ 5; articles are numbered without the B, from 1/ 1 to 42/ 16. With some exceptions, all the works available for consultation in Hong Kong and Japan have recently become available in the United States, especially in recent months. In fact, some are available in the United States but not in Hong Kong or Japan inasfar a s I know (e.g. , B33/ 12). After the publication facts for each item, I have given the keys to those United States institutions possessing the work cited. When l e s s than three institutions p o s s e s s e d vi

it in August, 1964, when the last survey was made, I have given the keys to institutions in Hong Kong or Tokyo where the work may be found such a s the Union Research Institute of Kowloon (B39/ 2, 17/ 1), the Fung Ping Shan Library of the University of Hong Kong Library (B3 7/ 3), Tokyo University Library (34/ 5), Waseda University Library, Tokyo (B2/ 19), and Diet Library, Tokyo (B16/1, B39/2). In c a s e an item cannot to my knowledge be found there either, I have mentioned my own (e. g. , B4/ 8, B37/2, B39/4). I shall be glad to make it available to libraries for photographic reproduction or for personal use through interlibrary loan. The survey was not intended a s a survey of U. S. library holdings, but merely to show where its reader may find the work mentioned. Not all libraries have been surveyed. A number of institutions started their acquisitions of Chinese books only recently, and in some c a s e s that fact had not been known to me. Also, almost all institutions mentioned have many orders outstanding. It i s certain that they have added many items since August, 1964. The reader should consult his nearest library before resorting to distant ones. In the translation of titles, I have omitted subtitles that add nothing to the understanding of the nature of the articles. When they refer to other works, this fact is indicated in the notes. I have tried to be consistent in the translation, and in most c a s e s have retained the wordiness characteristic of many periodical articles. The notes are either descriptive or are summaries of the most essential points. The dates of later editions of a work that has not been substantially altered are given in parentheses following its year of publication. Transliteration of Chinese words follows the Wade-Giles system. The Chinese characters of names of people mentioned in comments who are not authors of books or articles listed can be located by means of the Index of Personal Names, page 281. The compiler will be most grateful if readers will inform him of errors and omissions, of which there must be many. vii

One purpose of this publication i s , as the Chinese saying has it, "to throw a brick in order to attract jades. "

Professor James K. Mau and Professor C. S. Wang of the Baptist College, Hong Kong, were of great help to me in locating material. I am grateful to them. I also want to thank the Union Research Institute, New Asia College, and Universities Service Center, all of Hong Kong; Fung Ping Shan Library of the University of Hong Kong and its Institute of Modern Asian Studies, and the Diet Library of Tokyo for letting me use their facilities; Dr. T. K. Tong, curator of Chinese Collections, East Asian Library, Columbia University; Mr. John T. Ma, Chinese bibilographer, Cornell University Library; Dr. Alfred K. M. Ch'iu, librarian, Chinese-Japanese Library of the Harvard-Yenching Institute, Harvard University; Mr. Eugene Wu, librarian, and Mrs. Naomi Penaat, secretary, East Asian Collection, The Hoover Institutions, Stanford University; Mr. Karl Lo, librarian, East Asian Library, University of Kansas; Mr. Yukihisa Suzuki, head, Asia Library, and Mr. Weiying Wan, curator of Chinese Collections, Michigan University; Mr. Shih-kang Tung, curator. Far Eastern Collections, Princeton University; Dr. Richard G. Erwin, reference librarian, University of California Library, Berkeley; Mrs. Yeen-mei Chang, librarian, Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, Berkeley; Mrs. ManHing Yue Mok, head, Oriental Library, University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Theodore H. E. Ch'en, director, Asian-Slavic Studies Center, University of Southern California; Dr. Ruth Krader, librarian, Far Eastern Library, University of Washington; and Mr. Chia-pi Hsu, Chinese bibliographer, East Asian Collections, Yale University Library, for their kind assistance. Miss Naomi Fukuda, librarian, International House of Japan, Tokyo; Miss Lan Hiang T'an, acquisition/reference librarian, formerly of the Chinese and Korean Collection and now viii

of Southeast Asian Collection, Mr. Tu-jen Su, cataloguer, Chinese, and acting acquisition/reference librarian for Chinese and Korean Collection, and Mr. Austin Shu, c a t a loguer, Chinese, all of Research Collections, Institute of Advanced Projects, East-West Center, Honolulu; Dr. T. H. Tsien, professor of Chinese and curator, Far Eastern Library, University of Chicago; and Dr. K. T. Wu, librarian, Chinese and Korean Section, Oriental Division, Library of Congress; Miss Ken Lai-bing, assistant librarian in charge of the Fung Ping Shan Library of the University of Hong Kong, all went off their way to render help. Mrs. Cecelia Yang, Mr. P'ang Tzu-yu, and Mr. Tak-Wa Kwok helped me in many ways in preparing the manuscript. Mrs. Yang also compiled the Index. Miss Jane Liu wrote the Chinese characters, and Misses Amy Masaki and Sandra Nitta typed the manuscript. Miss Grace Yavalow prepared the manuscript for reproduction. I want to express my deep appreciation for their a s s i s t ance. Most of all, I want to thank the East-West Center and Dr. Minoru Shinoda, executive director of its Institute of Advanced Projects, for their strong encouragement and support, which have made this publication possible. Honolulu, June, 1965

Wing-tsit Chan

ix

CONTENTS

Preface Contents of Bibliography Books Articles

v xii 1 63

Abbreviations

265

Statistical Tables

273

Chronology of Dynasties

278

Index of Personal Names

279

CONTENTS OF BIBLIOGRAPHY

Section 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Books

Chinese Philosophy in General The Ancient Period in General Ancient Confucianism Confucius (a) General (b) Political Doctrines (c) Other Doctrines (d) D i s c u s s i o n s On (e) His C l a s s Standpoint (f) On Humanity (Jen ^ ) and Propriety (Li_ ) (g) Personal and Historical (h) and Education (i) and the Analects (j) and the C l a s s i c s The Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean Mencius Hsiin Tzu The Book of Changes and the Book of Rites The Taoist School Lao Tzu (a) in General (b) Tao and Materialism Chuang Tzu Mo Tzu xii

3 8 14 15

Articles 65 69 72 72 72 84 86 88 94 gg 104 107 111 112

17 18 19

113 114 118

20 22 22 22

123 129 130 130 137 145 154

24 26

Section 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.

40.

Books

The School of Logicians The Legalist School Other Classical Schools The Ch'in and Han Dynasties Tung Chung-shu Wang Ch'ung The W e i and Chin Periods Buddhism The Sui and T'ang Dynasties Han Yu The Sung Dynasty and Certain Sung Neo-Confucianists Chang Tsai Ch'eng Hao, Cheng I, and Chu Hsi The Ming Dynasty Li Chih The Ch'ing Dynasty Wang Fu-chih Tai Chen K'ang Yu-wei and T'an Ssu-t'ung Sun Yat-sen Other Recent Thinkers Hu Shih Liang Sou-ming Chang Tung-sun Hsiung Shih-li Liu Chieh and Others Fung Yu-lan (a) Self-criticism (b) Being Criticized (c) Concerning Fung's Rational Philosophy (d) Miscellaneous Items Issues in Chinese Philosophy created by Fung xiii

Articles

28 28 30 31 32 32 34 35 36 37

160 161 165 167 169 172 175 179 182 186

37 38 38 38 40 42 47 50

188 190 193 195 198 198 200 207

50 53 54 54 56 57 57 58 58

208 216 218 220 225 229 229 229 231 231 236 239 244

61

244

Section

Books

41. On the Study of the History of Chinese Philosophy Other Problems Collected Essays of Certain Contemporary Thinkers

xiv

Articles

61 61

251 260

61

264

BOOKS

BOOKS

Sec. 1.

Chinese Philosophy in General

Bl/1

LU CHEN-YU, Chunq-kuo chenq-chih ssu-hsianq shih (History of Chinese political thought). Peking: SL, 1949 (1950), 2 vols. , 507 pp. Col H P UCc Y Originally published in 1937, this work presents political theories from ancient times to the modern day, devoting a considerable portion to the Neo-Confucianists.

Bl/la

The same. Rev. and enlarged. Peking: JM, 1953 (1955, 1961), 2 vols. , 602 pp. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC M P UC UCLA UH USC Enlarged and revised from the point of view of materialism, treating history as a development from a slave society to that of the newly arising landlord c l a s s .

Bl/2

TS'AI SHANG-SSU, Chunq-kuo ch'uan-t'unq ssu-hsianq tsunq p'i-p'an (A total critique of Chinese traditional thought). Shanghai: TT, 1950, 205 pp. Chi LC W Criticism of the anti-peasant feudalism and capitalism of Confucius, Neo-Confucianists, and recent conservative cliques.

Bl/2a

The same. Enlarged. Shanghai: TT, 1 9 5 1 , 2 1 9 pp. H HI LC M P Y Adds an essay on how to criticize Confucius. 3

Chi

Bl/3

, Chunq-kuo ch'uan-t'unq ssu-hsianq tsunq p'ip'an pu-pien (Supplement to A Total Critique of Chinese Traditional Thought). Shanghai: TT, 1950, 101 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC P UC UCLA UH Y

M

& &

n M ftp

Criticisms of Liang Sou-ming's and Fung Yu-lan's backward ideas, Ch'ien Mu's ¿Jiffy backward outlook, and Ho Lin's ^ idealism. Bl/4

YU YtiEH (1821-1906), Chu-tzu p'inq-i (Textual critique of the various philosophical works). Peking: CH, 1954, 709 + 189 pp. Chi Col H LC P Pa UCLA USC

frm

tt*ftk

A reprint of the 1934 edition. Bl/5

CHANG TAI-NIEN, Chunq-kuo lun-li ssu-hsiang fa-chan kuei-lu ti ch'u-pu yen-chiu (A preliminary study of the laws for the development of Chinese ethical thought). Peking: KH, 1957, 45 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI P USC Y Basic struggles between religious thought and humanism and between the schools of thought defending feudalism and those containing an element of criticism. See 1 / 7 .

Bl/6

, Chunq-kuo wei-wu-chu-i ssu-hsianq chien-shih (A simple history of Chinese materialistic thought). Peking: CKCN, 1957, 131 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P Pa UCc UCLA UH W Y A popular introduction giving an outline from 780 B. C. to 1840.

Bl/ 7

Chunq-kuo che-hsüeh shih t s ' a n - k ' a o tzu-liao (Reference materials on the history of Chinese philosophy), first collection, comp, by the Institute for Study and Research on the History of Philosophy, Department of 4

Philosophy, Chinese People University. Peking: JMTH, 1957, 296 pp. Chi H HI LC UC UCc USC

>tm

'

Selections from the Confucian C l a s s i c s and the texts of Ch'in-Han philosophers to enable students to come into contact with original sources. Bl/ 8

Chung-kuo che-hsiieh shih wen-t'i t'ao-lun chuan-chi (A symposium on the problems of the history of Chinese philosophy), comp. by the Editorial Board of the Chehsiieh yen-chiu. Peking: KH, 1957, 526 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC UCLA UH USC More than fifty e s s a y s presented at the discussion meeting held at Peking University, January 22-26 , 1957, when more than a hundred people debated on the objectives and scope of Chinese philosophy, how to handle it, how to appraise its idealism, and how Chinese philosophy i s to be continued.

Bl/ 9

HUNG CH'IEN, JEN HUA, WANG TZU-SUNG, CHANG SHIH-YING, CH'EN HSIU-CHAI, and CHU PO-K'UN, Che-hsiieh shih chien-pien (A simple history of philosophy). Peking: JM, 1957, 325 pp. Cn LC P UC UCc

% f t . ft & & #

^f

&&&

Part III, devoted to Chinese philosophy, traces the development and decline of slave society before the Ch'in, the establishment and development of feudalism from the Han to the T'ang, its full bloom and subsequent decline from the Sung to the Ch'ing, and the struggle between idealism and materialism in recent times. Bl/10

YANG HSING-SHUN, Kuan-yii Chung-kuo che-hsiieh shih chung ti wei-wu-chu-i ch'uan-t'ung (On the 5

materialistic tradition in the history of Chinese philosophy), trans, by Li Heng and Wang Kuo-hsün. Peking: KH, 1957., 40 pp. Chi Cn H HI LC Pa Y f f c

it IM PI

1$

Materialism in Fan Chen ft>]& ,Lü Ts'ai %% (600665), Chang Tsai, Chu H s i , Li Chih, Wang Fu-chih, T'an S s u - t ' u n g , Sun Y a t - s e n , and Mao Tse-tung %• the story of the development of materialism; and an a n a l y s i s of the struggle between materialism and idealism. A translation of the work published in Moscow in 1956. Bl/11

HOU WAI-LU, ed. , Chunq-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih-lueh (An outline history of Chinese philosophy), written by four youths, namely, Chang C h ' i - c h i h , Li H s ü e h c h ' i n , Yang C h ' a o and Lin Ying. Peking: CKCN, 1958, 110 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I LC Pa UC UCc USC W Y The work r e l a t e s the Hundred Schools contending in the Warring States period, the struggle between h e t e r odoxy and tradition and between materialism and i d e a l ism in the medieval period, the development of materialism in the Ming and Ch'ing t i m e s , the conflict between New Learning and Old Learning in recent d e c a d e s , t h e s e struggles s i n c e the May Fourth Movement of 1919, and the development of Marxism in China.

Bl/12

YÜ T'UNG, Chung-kuo c h e - h s u e h t a - k a n g (An outline of C h i n e s e philosophy). Peking: CP, 1958, 2 vols. , 604 pp. UCc WTC 4P/SI Originally published in 1937, t h i s outline treats problems in Chinese philosophy in a systematic manner, problems such a s Tao, yin-yanq yfe (or p a s s i v e and a c t i v e cosmic forces), principle and material 6

force, the great transformation, being and non-being, Heaven and man, human nature, jen ^ (humanity), action and inaction, righteousness and profit, the extension of knowledge, etc. Bl/13

Chung-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih lun-wen c h ' u - c h i (Collected e s s a y s on the history of Chinese philosophy, first s e r i e s ) , comp. by the Editorial Board of the C h e hsueh y e n - c h i u . Peking: KH, 1959, 130 pp. H HI LC UC UCc Y . A . Four e s s a y s by Kuan Feng and Lin Yu-shih on Kuan Chung's ^ ^ works, by T'an C h i e h - f u on the l a s t chapter of the Chuang-Tzu, by T'ang I - c h i e h on the materialism in Lao Tzu's m e t a p h y s i c s , and by Hsiung Shih-li on the opposition between conservative Buddhist groups and H s u a n - t s a n g ^ J^ (596-664).

Bl/14

Chung-kuo t a - t ' u n g s s u - h s i a n q t z u - l i a o (Materials on the Chinese idea of Great Unity), comp. by the Unit on the History of Chinese Philosophy, Institute for Research on Philosophy, C h i n e s e Academy of Science. Peking: CH, 1959, 98 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC P Pa UC UCc UCLA UH W Y * M,

' Selections from thirty-four c l a s s i c a l works and thinkers from Confucius to Sun Yat-sen. Bl/15

HOU WAI-LU, ed. , Chung-kuo l i - t a i (Chinese i d e a s on the Great Unity written by Chang C h ' i - c h i h , Yang c h ' i n . Peking: KH, 1959, 54 pp.

ta-t'ung ssu-hsiang throughout the ages), C h ' a o and Li H s u e h H HI Pa Y

D i s c u s s i o n s , with quotations but not e x c e r p t s , from $ % (1879-1942). Confucius to Ch'en Tu-hsiu

7

Bl/16

WANG TIEN-CHI, Chunq-kuo l b - c h i s s u - h s i a n q s h i h - l i a o f e n - h s i (An a n a l y s i s of the material for the history of Chinese logical thought). Peking: CH, 1961, 451 pp. Chi Cn H HI K LC M P Pa Pi UC UCLA UH W Y The logic of the School of Logicians, the N e o - M o i s t s , Tsou Yen $pf}f (305-240 B.C. ?), etc.

B1/16a

FUNG YU-LAN. History of C h i n e s e Philosophy.

1961.

The same a s B39/3. Bl/17

YANG JUNG-KUO, ed. , Chien-minq Chunq-kuo s s u hsianq shih (A simple and clear history of Chinese thought), written by the three youths: Ch'en Yu-sen, Li C h i n - c h ' ü a n , and Wu H s i - c h a o . Peking: CKCN, 1962. 255 PP. Chi Cn Col H HI K P UH W Y A brief survey from ancient times to the p r e s e n t , t r a c ing the development from slavery through feudalism to capitalism. The book is amazingly similar to B l / 7 .

Sec. 2.

The Ancient Period in General

B2/1

TU KUO-HSIANG, H s i e n - C h ' i n chu-tzu s s u - h s i a n q k a i yao (The e s s e n t i a l s of the thoughts of the various p r e - C h ' i n philosophers). Peking: SL, 1949 (6th ed. 1955), 102 pp. Chi H HI LC P UCc UCLA Y On Confucius, Mo Tzu, Sung H s i n g ( 3 6 0 - 2 9 0 B . C . ? ) , Y i n W e n ^ X (350-285 B . C . ? ) , M e n c i u s , Chuang Tzu, Hsun Tzu, Han Fei, and the Logicians.

8

TU SHOU-SU, H s i e n - C h ' i n chu-tzu s s u - h s i a n g (The thoughts of various pre-Ch'in philosophers). Peking: SL, 5th ed. , 1951, 114 pp. Pa The same a s B2/1. B2/2

KUO MO-JO, Shih p ' i - p ' a n shu (A book of ten critiques). Rev. Shanghai: CI, 1950, 2 v o l s . , 507 pp. Cn H HI Pi UCc

tf

f

The ten critiques are: (1) s e l f - c r i t i c i s m , (2) criticism of Confucius and Mo Tzu, (3) criticism of the eight schools in Confucianism, (4) criticism of scholars in Chi-hsia , (5) criticism of Chuang Tzu, (6) c r i t icism of Hsün Tzu, (7) criticism of the Logicians, (8) criticism of early L e g a l i s t s , (9) criticism of Han Fei, and (10) criticism of Lu Pu-wei & (290235 B. C . ) . B2/2a

The same.

Peking: JM, 1954, 2 vols. , 495 pp.

Chi H P

B2/2b

The same.

Peking: KH, 1956, 495 pp. Chi UCLA See 1 2 / 3 .

B2/2c

The same. Collated. Peking: KH, 1961 (6th printing, 1962), 2 vols. , 495 pp. H I LC P UH UCc UCLA

B2/3

Chu-tzu c h i - c h ' e n q (Collection of works of the various philosophers), comp. by the Kuo-hsueh C h e n g - l i She. Peking: CH, 1954, 8 vols. Cn Col H HI P UC UCLA UH A reprint of a standard work consisting of comment a r i e s on ancient philosophical works and some of the works of the Han Dynasty, without any new introduction or annotation.

9

B2/4

YANG JUNG-KUO, Chunq-kuo ku 1 i t tf >*Contains an introduction to the Analects. The emphas i s of the work is on the pronunciation and meaning of terms, s e n t e n c e structure, and historical materials on history and geography. There i s a l s o a l i s t of f r e q u e n cy of occurrence of words in the Analects. See 4 i / 6.

B4/8

K'UNG TZU T'AO-LUN WEN-CHI (A symposium on C o n f u c i u s ) , first s e r i e s , comp. by the Institute for Research on History of the Shantung Branch of the C h i n e s e Academy of Science. Tsinan: STJM, 1961, 362 pp. WTC

16

ft

t

«t ^ P & y f c * * *

Sixteen e s s a y s by sixteen w r i t e r s , including Fung Yul a n , Yang H s i a n g - k ' u e i , and others not so well known. These e s s a y s were presented in 1960 in the d i s c u s s i o n meeting on Confucius held in Shantung. The chief questions d i s c u s s e d concerned: (1) the c l a s s Confucius represented, (2) Confucius' view of Heaven and its e f f e c t at h i s time, (3) Confucius' educational t h e ories and his contribution to C h i n e s e culture, and (4) why Confucius came to be utilized by f e u d a l i s t i c rulers. Several of t h e s e e s s a y s have been reprinted in B4/9. B4/9

K'ung Tzu che-hsiieh t ' a o - l u n chi (A symposium on Conf u c i u s ' philosophy), comp. by the Editorial Board of the Che-hsiieh ven-chiu. Peking: CH, 1963, 477 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind M P UC UCc UCLA W Y Twenty-three e s s a y s that appeared in various n e w s papers and journals two or three y e a r s before 1963. Questions d i s c u s s e d were Confucius' c l a s s standpoint, his political doctrine, his philosophical i d e a s , and the problems of evaluating his i d e a s . Fung Yu-lan wrote three of t h e s e e s s a y s , more than anyone e l s e . Topics d i s c u s s e d most often are jen (humanity) and li fj£ (propriety).

Sec. 5. The Great Learning B5/1

and the Doctrine of the M e a n t J )

LIU TSE-JU, Chunq-yunq ti i e n - h s i n q - l u n (The doctrine of human nature in the Doctrine of the Mean). Sian: ShHJM, 1957, 27 pp. Col LC USC WTC

17

The doctrine of human nature is interpreted from the Marxian point of view. The t o p i c s of Tao and s i n c e r ity are a l s o d i s c u s s e d .

Sec. 6. B6/1

Mencius j k ^ (372-289 B. C. ?) CHIAO HS UN (1763-1820), Meng Tzu c h e n q - i (Correct meanings of the Book of Mencius). Peking: CH, 1957, 611 pp. Cn Col H HI M P UC UCLA USC Y

Ji-i-Jt-Jk

A reprint of a standard commentary, without any new material. B6/2

LI PING-YING, comp. , Meng Tzu w e n - h s ü a n (Selections from the Book of Mencius). Peking: JMWH, 1957, 188 pp. Chi Cn H LC P UC UCc UCLA W Y Translation of s e v e n t y - s i x chapters to show how M e n c i u s defended the f e u d a l i s t i c ruling c l a s s and what his own contradictions w e r e , but a l s o to show that M e n cius had a progressive element, e . g . , d e m o c r a c y .

B6/3

Meng Tzu i - c h u (An annotated translation of the Book of Mencius), by the Unit on the Annotated Translation of the Book of M e n c i u s , Department of C h i n e s e , Lanchow University. Peking: CH, I960, 483 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I P Pi UC UCc UCLA UH W Y

k *

*

iM

** *£

fil

Similar to B4/ 7. Also has a l i s t -showing frequency of occurrence of terms. See 4 i / 6. B6/4

CH'Ü KUO-HSING, Comp. , Meng Tzu h s ü a n - t u (Selected readings from the Book of M e n c i u s ) , Nanking: CSJM,

18

1962, 148 pp.

WTC

Selection of thirty-three c h a p t e r s , each with an introduction, annotations, and a fairly lengthy a n a l y s i s .

Sec. 7.

Hsún Tzu % lr

(313-238 B. C. ?)

B7/1

LIANG CH'I-HSIUNG, Hsun Tzu c h i e n - s h i h (An e x p l a n a tion of the Hsün Tzu). Peking: KC, 1956, 421 pp. Col H HI LC P Pa UC W Y A reprint of a work written in 1936 and slightly revised in 1955. Now the c l a s s i c a l s t y l e of the comments has been changed to the colloquial and new comments in simple colloquial style have been added.

B7/2

FANG HSIAO-PO, comp. , Hsun Tzu h s u a n - c h u (An annotation of s e l e c t i o n s from the Hsun Tzu). Peking: JMWH, 1959, 133 pp. Chi Col LC UC W A selection and annotation of sixteen chapters dealing with a r t i s t i c creation, philosophical i d e a s , and the criticism of the various philosophical s c h o o l s .

B7/3

LI TE-YUNG, Hsun Tzu—kunq-yuan c h ' i e n - s a n - s h i h - c h i Chung-kuo w e i - w u - c h u - i c h e - h s ü e h - c h i a (Hsün Tzu, a Chinese materialistic philosopher of the third millennium B. C . ) . Shanghai: SHJM, 1959 (1961), 117 pp. Chi Cn Col H LC P UCc * * *

i&fc 5-3-—

¿.¿fa* to

Hsún Tzu's time, his world view, h i s epistemology, his logical i d e a s , his theory of human nature, and his social and political doctrines. The conclusion is that 19

Hsun Tzu represents the peak of materialism in the p r e - C h ' i n period.

Sec. 8.

The Book of Changes!? ^ a n d the Book of Rites

B8/1

FU JEN-KAN, t r a n s . , H s u e h - c h i i - s h u (The "Record of Learning" translated and d i s c u s s e d ) . Shanghai: HCSh, 1957, 45 pp. Chi Cn Col H UH ffcjffji Besides the translation and explanation of this chapter from the Book of Rites, there i s a l s o a d i s c u s s i o n on educational theory and administration.

B8/2

KAO HENG, Chou-i ku-ching chin-chu (A modern a n n o t a tion of the old text of the Book of Changes). Peking: CH, 1957, 230 pp. Cn H Pi UC UCLA W The writer s a y s that his book contains a number of new i d e a s which may be wrong, but, b e c a u s e of lack of time, he h a s not been able to interpret the Book of Changes from the point of view of Marxism.

B8/3

KU SHU-SEN, trans. , H s u e h - c h i c h i n - i (The "Record of Learning" translated into modern colloquial). Peking: JMCY, 1957, 52 pp. Col H UCLA UH Aside from t h e t r a n s l a t i o n , there are a l s o explanations and critical comments. The conclusion is that in t h i s e s s a y education is u s e d a s a tool of the ruling c l a s s . An ideological translation.

B8/4

CHI LIEN-K'ANG, trans. , Yueh-chi i - c h u (The "Record of M u s i c " translated and annotated). Peking: YY, 1958,

20

56 pp.

Chi H UH

$

This chapter of the Book of Rites i s divided and rearranged into seven sections on the form of music, the expression of music, etc. B8/5

CHU CHUN-SHENG (1788-1858), L i u - s h i h - s s u kua chinq chieh (The t e x t s of the sixty-four hexagrams explained). Peking: KC, 1958, 284 pp. H HI P Pa W A selection of commentaries from the Han Dynasty to the Sung with critical evaluation.

B8/6

KAO HENG, Chou-i ku-chinq t ' u n q - s h u o (A general explanation of the old text of the Book of Changes). Peking: CH, 1958, 130 pp. Chi Cn H LC M Pi UC UCLA UH W Complementary to B8/2, this work explains the meaning of the t i t l e Book of Changes and the origin and u s e of the hexagrams.

B8/7

LI CHING-CH'UN, Chou-i c h e - h s u e h c h i - c h ' i pienchenq-fa y i n - s u (The philosophy of the Book of Changes and its d i a l e c t i c factor). Tsinan: STJM, 1961. W I T 4 ¿tfJMJt** (According to the KMIP, 8 / 3 0 [1963] , the author cont e n d s that the Book of Changes contains the law of contradiction, the law of the mutual transformation of quantity and quality, and the law of negation and affirmation.) See 8 / 1 6 , 8 / 2 1 , and 41/26.

B8/8

, Hsu Chou-i c h e - h s u e h c h i - c h ' i p i e n - c h e n q - f a y i n - s u (Supplement to the Philosophy of the Book of Changes and Its Dialectic Factor). Tsinan: STJM, 1962. (See 41/26. ) 21

Sec.

9.

Sec. 10. BIO/1

The Taoist School

Lao Tzu

(6th or 4th cent. B. C. ?)

JEN CHI-YU, trans. , Lao Tzu c h i n - i (The Lao_Tzu_translated into modern colloquial). Peking: KC, 1956, 90 pp. H P Y Considers Lao Tzu's primitive materialism and d i a l e c tic method a s a valuable heritage which has meaning for the world. The work includes an e s s a y on the time and work of Lao Tzu a s well a s his i d e a s . It a l s o includes the a u t h o r ' j e s s a y , 1 0 a / 4 , under a d i f ferent t i t l e .

BIO/2

KAO HENG, Ch'ung-ting Lao Tzu chenq-ku (Revised c o l lation of the Lao Tzu). Peking: KC, 1956, 187 pp. Chi H LC P Pa UC W Y A slight revision of the 1943 original edition. There is a long e s s a y emphasizing the materialistic s t a n d point of Lao Tzu and his d i a l e c t i c viewpoint. The author maintains that the Lao Tzu should be put in order from the point of view of Marxism.

BIO/3

MA HSU-LUN, Lao Tzu chiao-ku (The Lao Tzu collated and explained). Peking: KC, 1956, 255 pp. Chi Cn H LC P Pa UC W Y

JtZtiLft

Ail enlargment of the outstanding work of 1924. BIO/4

YANG HSING-SHUN, Chunq-kuo k u - t a i c h e - h s u e h - c h i a Lao Tzu c h i - c h ' i h s u e h - s h u o (China's ancient p h i l o s -

22

opher Lao Tzu and h i s doctrines), trans, by Yang Ch'ao. Peking: KH, 1957, 144 pp. Chi H HI LC The origin of the Lao Tzu and its historical background, the man Lao Tzu and the book, the materialistic nature of Tao and Lao Tzu's ethical doctrines, t h e study of the Lao Tzu in Western Europe by the c a p i t a l i s t c l a s s and in Soviet Russia. BIO/5

CHU CH'IEN-CHIH, Lao Tzu c h i a o - s h i h (The Lao Tzu collated and explained). Shanghai: LM, 1958, 214 pp. Chi Cn C o l H K L C M U C W Y A very scholarly work; more than one hundred editions consulted.

BIO/6

YANG LIU-CH'IAO, trans. , Lao Tzu i - h u a (The Lao Tzu rendered into the colloquial). Peking: KC, 1958, 84 pp. Chi Col LC P Y The introduction d i s c u s s e s Tao, spirit, mystery, and unity a s well a s non-being. It a l s o includes the t r a n s l a t o r ' s e s s a y , 10b/5.

B10/7

CH'E TSAI, Lun Lao Tzu (On Lao Tzu). Shanghai: SHJM, 1959 (1960), 132 pp. Cn Col I LC P UCLA W

¿ft

A collection of six e s s a y s . The three written before 1938 emphasize the dialectic i d e a s of Lao Tzu; the three written in 1957 s t r e s s the point that Lao Tzu i s i d e a l i s t i c rather than materialistic. See 10a/19. B10/7a

Same. 2nd ed. Shanghai: SHJM, 1962, 259 pp. Chi Cn HI I P UC UCLA Y This book is B10/7 plus five e s s a y s written to r e f u t e Fung Yu-lan's a r t i c l e s on Lao Tzu. 23

B10/8

Lao Tzu c h e - h s ü e h t ' a o - l u n chi (A. symposium on the philosophy of Lao Tzu), comp, by the Editorial Board of the C h e - h s ü e h yen-chiu). Peking: CH, 1959, 502 pp. Chi Cn Col H LC P Pa A collection of e s s a y s presented at the academic d i s c u s s i o n meeting in May, 1959, on the questions c o n cerning whether Lao Tzu w a s i d e a l i s t i c or materialistic and the relationship between Lao Tzu the man and Lao Tzu the book. Contributors include Fung Yu-lan, Jen C h i - y u , Kuan Feng, Lin Yu-shih, Yang Jung-kuo, and C h ' e Tsai.

Sec. 11. Bll/1

Chuang Tzuj&. ^

(b. 369 B.C. ?)

WANG SHU-MIN, Kuo Hsiang Chuang Tzu chu c h i a o - c h i (Notes on the collation of Kuo H s i a n g ' s [d. 312] Commentary on the Chuang Tzu). Shanghai: CP, 1950, 3 vols. H LC UC

If

fc&l-iitiiL,

An annotation bringing out the prominent i d e a s that Tao is an undifferentiated reality and i s the s e l f production and self-transformation of things. Bll/2

LIU WÜ, Chuang Tzu c h i - c h i e h n e i - p ' i e n pu-chenq (The "inner chapters" of the Collected Explanations of t h e Chuang Tzu supplemented and corrected). Peking: KC, 1958, 167 pp. H LC Y Sentence by s e n t e n c e , section by s e c t i o n , Wang Hsien-ch'ien's L $ (1842-1917) Collected Explanations of the Chuang Tzu is here corrected and supplemented.

24

Bll/3

MAHSU-LUN, Chuanq Tzu T ' i e n - h s i a p'ien s h u - i (The meaning of the chapter "On the World" in the Chuanq Tzu explained). Shanghai: LM, 1958, 106 pp. Chi H LC P Refers to opinions and theories of scholars from the Han Dynasty on, plus M a ' s own i d e a s . In some p l a c e s Chuang Tzu is interpreted in Buddhist terms.

Bll/4

KUAN FENG, Chuanq Tzu n e i - p ' i e n i - c h i e h ho p ' i - p ' a n (The "inner chapters" of the Chuanq Tzu t r a n s l a t e d , explained, and criticized). Peking: CH, 1961, 412 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I Ind K LC P UC UCLA UH W Y Includes five e s s a y s on Chuang Tzu and t h e book and an e s s a y "exposing" Fung Y u - l a n ' s Hsin ytlan-jen $ A. $ new t r e a t i s e on the nature of man), that i s , the d e f e c t s of Fung Yu-lan's philosophy. See 11/ 18.

Bll/5

KUO CH'ING-FAN (1844-1897), Chuanq Tzu c h i - s h i h (Collected explanations of the Chuanq Tzu), put in order by Wang Chi-yu. Peking: CH, 1961, 1118 pp. Chi Cn H Ind M P UC UCc Y A standard work with new punctuation.

B11/6

Chuang Tzu c h e - h s u e h t ' a o - l u n chi (A symposium on the philosophy of Chuang Tzu), comp. by the Editorial Board of the C h e - h s u e h y e n - c h i u . Peking: CH, 1962, 346 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P UC W Y

3-1 i

H ik %

# I ^

%tip# *f $

Sixteen e s s a y s by Fung Yu-lan, Kuan Feng, Jen C h i yu, and others, on the questions: (1) how the book w a s written and what its representative i d e a s a r e , (2) whether Chuang Tzu is an i d e a l i s t or a m a t e r i a l i s t , (3) his dialectic method, and (4) his c l a s s nature and what influence it h a s exercised in history. 25

Sec. 12.

Mo T z u $ - f (468-376 B. C. ?)

B12/0

YANG JUNG-KUO on Mo Tzu. See B4/2.

B12/1

SUN I-JANG (1848-1908). Mo Tzu h s i e n - k u (Explanation a n d commentary on t h e Mo Tzu). Peking: C H , 1954, 496 pp. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC USC Y Republication of t h e 1936 edition i n t a c t .

B12/2

CHAN CHIEN-FENG. M o - c h i a ti h s i n q - s h i h l o - c h i fThe formal l o g i c of t h e M o i s t School). Hankow: HPJM, 1956, 174 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI P UC W Y The t e r m s , f o r m s , a n d l a w s of M o i s t l o g i c ; a l s o a c r i t i c i s m of Hu S h i h ' s and o t h e r s ' s t u d i e s of it.

B12/3

JEN CHI-YU, Mo Tzu. S h a n g h a i : SHJM, 1956, 76 pp. C h i Cn H HI I K P Pi UC UCLA W Y On t h e l i f e of Mo Tzu, h i s s c h o o l s , t h e s o c i a l b a c k ground of h i s d o c t r i n e s and t h e i r c l a s s n a t u r e , t h e m a t e r i a l i s t i c v i e w p o i n t of h i s m e t h o d , and t h e d e f e c t of t h e i d e a l i s t i c e l e m e n t in h i s world v i e w .

B12/4

LUAN T'lAO-FU, MO Tzu y e n - c h i u l u n - w e n c h i (Collected e s s a y s on t h e study of Mo Tzu). Peking: JM, 1957, 172 pp. Chi H HI K LC P Pa U C c UCLA Y Twelve e s s a y s w r i t t e n from 1922 to 1932 on Mo T z u ' s d o c t r i n e s and h i s d e b a t e s w i t h t h e Yang Chu ^ -}fz (440-360 B. C. ?) School and t h e T a o i s t s . There i s a l s o a n i n v e s t i g a t i o n of t h e book i t s e l f . The p r e s e n t p u b l i c a t i o n c o n t a i n s some s u p p l e m e n t a r y m a t e r i a l a n d a s l i g h t d e g r e e of r e v i s i o n .

26

B12/5

KAO HENG, Mo chinq c h i a o - c h ' a a n (The Moist Canon collated and explained). Peking: KH, 1958, 208 pp. Chi Cn Col H LC M P Pi UC UCLA Y Explanations of terms, utilizing previous theories a s well as his own. See 1 2 / 6 .

B12/6

T'AN CHIEH-FU, Mo-pien f a - w e i (Neo-Moism explained). Peking: KH, 1958, 308 pp. Chi Cn H HI LC P UC UH WY

tf A $

Covers a wide range of t o p i c s , such a s mathematics, o p t i c s , cosmology, epistemology, political t h e o r i e s , economic thought, educational doctrines, ethical i d e a s , and the s c i e n c e of grammar. It i s particularly detailed on the topic of d e b a t e s . See 12/6. B12/7

TS'EN CHUNG-MIEN, Mo Tzu " C h ' e n g - s h o u " k ' o - p ' i e n chien-chu (Simple annotations of the "City D e f e n s e " and other chapters of the Mo Tzu). Peking: KC, 1958, Chi Col Cn H K UC UCLA UH W The eleven chapters of the Mo Tzu covered here are now annotated for the first time. Matters d i s c u s s e d include s c i e n t i f i c theories and military matters.

B12/8

CHI LIEN-K'ANG, trans. , Mo Tzu fei-yQeh (The "Condemnation of Musical Activities" chapter of the Mo Tzu). Peking: YY, 1962, 41 pp. Chi Cn P Y Aside from the translation and annotation of this c h a p t e r , there are excerpts from other chapters on music.

27

Sec. 13. B13/1

The School of Logicians & WANG CH'I-HSIANG, Chou-Ch'in Minq-chia san-tzu chiao-ch'uan (Three philosophers of the School of Logicians of Chou and Ch'in times collated and explained). Peking: KC, 1957, 90 pp. Chi H Pa W Y Collation of the works by Teng Hsi tf (545-501 B. C . ) , Yin Wen f , and Kung-sun Lung.

B13/2

T'AN CHIEH-FU, Kung-sun Lung Tzu hsinq-minq fa-wei (Kung-sun Lung's [b. 380 B. C. ?] doctrine of names and actuality explained). Peking: CH, 1963, 174 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCLA Y

%% A $

£ ft ih

JrrtZ&M.

Using Kung-sun Lung a s the center, the work attempts to explain the development of the School of Logicians and its opposition to other schools that uphold the nameless.

Sec. 14. B14/1

The Legalist School

%-

CHU SHIH-CH'E, Shanq Chun shu chieh-ku ting-pen (The final version of the Explanation and Collation of the Book of Lord Shang [d. 338 B . C . ] ) . Peking: KC, 1956, 130 pp. Col H LC P UC W Y Enlargement and revision of the original publication of 1916, which was revised in 1948.

B14/2

KUO MO-JO, WEN I-TO, and HSU WEI-YU, Kuan Tzu chichiao (Collected collations of the Kuan Tzu). Peking:

28

KH, 1956, 1322 pp.

Chi Cn H HI Ind LC P Pa UC W Y

Largely based on the original drafts of Wen and Hsu, this work is an enlargement and a careful and s c h o l arly collection of previous collations. See 1 4 / 7 . B14/3

CH'EN CH'I-YU, Han Fei Tzu c h i - s h i h (Collected explanations of the Han_Fei_Tzu). Peking: CH, 1958, 2 vols. , 1240 pp. Chi Cn Col H I LC M P UC UH W Y Selections from ninety collators and annotators, plus the author's own opinions.

B14/4

CHOU CHUNG-LING, Han Fei Tzu ti l o - c h i (The logic of Han Fei Tzu [d. 233 B . C . ] ) . Peking: JM, 1958, 156 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI P UH Y Laws of thought, c o n c e p t s , judgments, i n f e r e n c e , etc.

B14/5

LI"NG CH'I-HSIUNG, Han Tzu c h ' i e n - c h i e h (A simple explanation of the Han Fei Tzu). Peking: CH, 1960, 2 vols. , 522 pp. Chi H HI LC M UC UCc UCLA UH WY

f

A

H

The introduction contains an account of Han Tzu's l i f e and a d i s c u s s i o n on the authenticity of the work, its important i d e a s , and the source of Han Tzu's learning. There i s a short introduction to each c h a p ter. See 14/10. B14/6

CH'EN CH'I-YU, Han Fei Tzu c h i - s h i h pu (Supplement to the Collected Explanations of the Han Fei Tzu). Shanghai: CH, 1961, 32+14+1 pp. Chi Cn Col H LC P UC UCLA Y iit

Supplement and correction of B14/3.

29

B14/7

Sec. 15. B15/1

KAO HENG, trans. , Shang Chun shu i - c h u (The Book of Lord Shang translated and annotated). Tsinan: STJM, 1961. ft** « p i (According to the JMJP, 9 / 4 [1961] , each chapter cont a i n s an introduction, a summary of its content, and simple annotations utilizing the r e s u l t s of Ch'ing Dynasty scholars and recent annotators, a s well a s his own.)

Other C l a s s i c a l Schools Lieh Tzu. Peking: WHKC, 1956, 8 chapters. LC M P

Cn H HI

The publication of t h i s book is intended to continue the literary heritage of China, b e c a u s e it r e f l e c t s the primitive materialistic idea of the Eastern Chin period. B15/2

YANG PO-CHUN, Lieh Tzu c h i - s h i h (Collected explanations of the Lieh Tzu). Shanghai: LM, 1958, 245 pp. Cn HI LC UC W A collection of standard annotations and collations b a s e d on the best editions wherever p o s s i b l e . However, the author has a l s o offered his own opinions. There is a l s o a list of important variants.

30

Sec. 16. B16/1

The Ch'in (221-206 B . C . ) and Han (206 B. C . - A . D. 220) Dynasties YANG SHU-TA, Huai-nan Tzu cheng-wen (A critical annotation of the Huai-nan Tzu). Peking: CKKHY, 1953, 148 pp. DL H LC A most scholarly work, written in 1936, with a preface by the author dated 1946.

B16/2

KU CHIEH-KANG, Ch'in-Han ti fanq-shih vii iu-shenq (Priest-magicians and Confucianists of the Ch'in and Han periods). Shanghai: CI, 1955, 150 pp. LC Pa

Mum On yin-yang

(passive and active cosmic f o r c e s ) , the Five Agents (Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth), the doctrines of immortals, prodigy, the honoring of Confucianism, the c l a s s i c , etc.

B16/2a

The same. Shanghai: JM, 1957, UCLA UH W Y

B16/3

HOU WAI-LU, CHAO CHI-PIN, TU KUO-HSIANG, and CH'IU HAN-SHENG, Chunq-kuo ssu-hsianq t'unqshih. Vol. 2. Peking: JM, 1957, 456 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I K LC P Pi UC UCc UCLA UH W Y See B2/8.

B16/4

Chi Col I P UC

This volume covers the Han period.

Chunq-kuo che-hsueh shih tzu-liao hsuan-chi, Han Dynasty section. Peking: CH, 1960, 550 pp. Cn Col H K M P Pa Pi UC UCc UCLA USC W Y S e e B2/18.

¡316/ 5

150 pp.

'

Chunq-kuo che-hsueh shih chiao-hsueh tzu-liao huipien, Han Dynasty section. Peking: CH, 1963, 31

See B2/14. B16/6

Chung-kuo l i - t a i c h e - h s u e h w e n - h s ü a n , Han—Sui-T'ang section. Peking: CH, 1963, 2 vols. , 586 pp. Cn Col H K M Pa UC UCLA W Y See B2/15.

Sec. 17. B17/1

Tung Chung-shu

It

(c. 179-c. 104 B. C.)

CHOU FU-CH'ENG, Lun Tung Chung-shu s s u - h s i a n g (On Tung C h u n g - s h u ' s ideas). Shanghai: SHJM, 1961, 105 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I LC M P Pi UC UCc U H W Y On Tung C h u n g - s h u ' s political and cosmological i d e a s and on his following the path of reactionary landlords. See 1 7 / 2 , 1 7 / 5 , and 17/13.

Sec. 18. Wang Ch'ung i B18/1

(27-100?)

A. A. PI-TE-LO-FU (A. A. PETROV), Wang Ch'ung— Chung-kuo k u - t a i ti w e i - w u - c h u - i - c h e ho ch'i-meng s s u - h s i a n g - c h i a (Wang Ch'ung, C h i n a ' s ancient materialist and enlightenment thinker), trans, by Li Shih. Peking: KH, 1956, 81 pp. Chi H HI M P Pa UH

A refutation, from the Marxian point of view, of t r a d i tional interpretations of Wang by the c a p i t a l i s t c l a s s . 32

B18/2

KUAN FENG, Wang Ch'unq che-hsueh s s u - h s i a n o venchiu (A. study of Wang Ch'ung's philosophical ideas). Shanghai: SHJM, 1957, 144 pp. Cn H HI LC M P UC UCc An a n a l y s i s of Wang Ch'ung's thought, "following the direction of Mao T s e - t u n g , " with emphasis on Wang's materialistic world view.

B18/3

LIU P'AN-SUI, Lun-heng chi-chieh (Collected explanations of the Balanced Inquiries). Peking: KC, 1957, 650 pp. Chi Cn H HI I LC M Pa Pi UC UCLA. UH Y

tip*

Contains excerpt from B18/1, in addition to explanations. B18/4

CHENG WEN, Wang Ch'unq che-hsueh ch'u-t'an (A preliminary investigation of Wang Ch'ung's philosophy). Peking: JM, 1958, 114 pp. Chi Cn Col H P UC UCc

use

,

u

.,

A systematic treatment of various s u b j e c t s , such a s nature, fate, etc. B18/5

CHIANG TSU-I, comp. , Lun-heng hsuan (A selection of the Balanced Inquiries). Peking: CH, 1958, 174 pp. Chi H M UCLA Y $ & Simple explanations of twelve chapters.

B18/6

T'lEN CH'ANG-WU, Wang Ch'ung chi-ch'i Lun-heng (Wang Ch'ung and his Balanced Inquiries). Peking: SL, 1962, 156 pp. C h i H P W Y With emphasis on Wang Ch'ung's materialism, atheism, and criticism of various philosophers. 598 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I M P UC UCc UH W Y 33

Sec. 19. B19/1

The Wei (200-265) and Chin (265-420) Periods CH'EN YUAN-HUI, Fan Chen ti wu-shen-lun ssu-hsiang (Fan Chen's [ 4 5 0 - ?] atheistic ideas). Wuhan: HPJM, 1957, 70 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI Y Includes a colloquial translation of Fan Chen's e s s a y , Shen-mieh lun I f fa (The destructibility of the spirit); also an investigation on the time in which the essay was written.

B19/2

HOU WAI-LU, CHAO CHI-PIN, TU KUO-HSIANG, and CH'IU HAN-SHENG, Chung-kuo ssu-hsiang t'ung-shih. Vol. 3. Peking: JM, 1957, 465 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I K LC P Pi UC UCc UH W Y ^ ^ „ See B2/8. This volume covers the Wei, Chin, and Southern and Northern dynasties.

B19/3

T'ANG YUNG-T'UNG, Wei-Chin hsuan-hsueh lun-kao (Drafts of essays on Wei-Chin metaphysics). Peking: JM, 1957, 132 pp. Chi Col H HI LC PAUC UH Y The author says that nine essays written between 1938 and 1947 may contain mistakes but, now that the Hundred Schools are contending, he would have them published in spite of their mistakes and he would not fear people's criticism.

B19/4

Chung-kuo che-hsueh shih tzu-liao hsiian-chi, WeiChin-Sui-T'ang section. Peking: CH, 1961. See B2/18.

B19/5

TAI MING-YANG, Hsi K'anq chi chiao-chu (The Collected Works of Hsi K'anq [ 2 2 3 - 2 6 2 ] collated and annotated). Peking: JMWH, 1962, 486 pp. Chi Col H HI M P UC |W Y 34

Based on the collated edition by Lu Hsun IT ^ ( 1 8 8 1 1936). See 1 9 / 3 . B19/5a

T'ANG YUNG-T'UNG and JEN CHI-YU, Wei-Chin h s u a n hsueh chung ti s h e - h u i chenq-chih s s u - h s i a n q l u e h lun (A brief d i s c u s s i o n of the social and political i d e a s of the metaphysical schools of the Wei-Chin period). Shanghai: SHJM, 1962, 46 pp. Chi Cn H HI LC M P UC UCLA W Y The same a s 19/ 4.

Sec. 20. B20/1

Buddhism T'ANG YUNG-T'UNG. Han-Wei l i a n g - C h ' i n N a n - P e i c h ' a o Fo-chiao shih (History of Buddhism in the Han, W e i , Chin, and Southern and Northern d y n a s t i e s ) . Peking: CH, 1955, 2 vols. , 876 pp. Chi Cn H P UC UCLA Y

ib % &

Republication of the celebrated work of 1934. B20/2

T'lEN KUANG-LIEH, H s u a n - t s a n q c h i - c h ' i c h e - s h u e h s s u - h s i a n g chung chih p i e n - c h e n q - f a y i n - s u (The d i a l e c t i c element in the philosophical i d e a s of Hsuantsang [ 5 9 6 - 6 6 4 ] ) . Kunming: YNJM, 1958, 106 pp. WTC

B27/2

V

JUNG CHAO-TSU, Li Chih n i e n - p ' u (Chronological biography of Li Chih). Peking: SL, 1957, 126 pp. Cn H HI LC P UC Y

*****

Centers on Li's conflict with feudalism. B27/3

LI CHIH, Hsu f e n - s h u (Supplement to A Book that May be Burned). Peking: CH, 1959, 130 pp. Cn Col H HI I P UC UCLA. Y

Íf

At & t

About fifty e s s a y s and poems revealing Li's open opposition to established doctrines and his generally heterodoxical i d e a s on questions such a s truth, human nature, and the like. B27/4

, Hsu t s ' a n q - s h u (Supplement to A Book to be Concealed) . Peking: CH, 1959, 529 pp. Cn H LC M P UC UCLA W Biographies of ministers and o f f i c i a l s of the Ming Dynasty, with implied criticisms of f e u d a l i s t i c society and Neo-Confucianism.

B27/5

, T s ' a n q - s h u (A Book to be Concealed). Peking: CH, 1959, 1142 pp. Cn H LC M P UC UCLA W Y rM\ ©

Similar in nature to B27/4, t h i s book contains 800 41

biographies from the beginning of the Chou to the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

Sec. 28. B28/ 1

The Ch'ing Dynasty (1644-1912) P'EI MIN. Chung-kuo c h i n - t a i s s u - h s i a n g f a - c h a n c h i e n - s h i h iA simple history of the development of recent Chinese thought). Shanghai: ST, 1949, 98 pp. Chi Col H HI K LC UH Chinese thought after the Opium War of 1842—from the i d e a s of semi-colonialism to t h o s e of feudalism, to reformism, and, finally, to Marxism.

B28/2

CHAO LI-SHENG, Ku Yen-wu chuan-l'ueh (A brief biography of Ku Yen-wu [ 1613-1682]). Shanghai: SHJM, 1955, 58 pp. Chi Col H HI I M P Pi UC UCLA UH Y

41

In the concluding remarks the author emphasizes Ku's patriotism, the progressive nature of his political a c t i v i t i e s , his excellent methods of study, and h i s s t r e s s on practical living and moral practice. B28/3

SHIH CHUN, JEN CHI-YU, and CHU PO-K'UN, Chungkuo c h i n - t a i s s u - h s i a n g shih c h i a n g - s h o u t ' i - k a n g (Essential points for l e c t u r e s on the history of recent Chinese thought). Peking: JM, 1955, 176 pp. Chi Col H HI LC M UC Y

¿4-,

iLm

Prepared by the Department of Philosophy of Peking University for t h e purpose of r e f e r e n c e , not a s drafts of l e c t u r e s . There i s comparatively little source material. The emphasis i s on the t e n d e n c i e s in recent 42

Chinese history. The interpretation of the development rests on the thesis that it proceeded from noricapitalism to feudalism, to the revolution by peasants (as in the c a s e of the T'ai-p'ing Rebellion A - ^ ) a n d the political parties of reformers, to the May Fourth Movement, and finally to the period of Marxism. See 1 / 4 and 4 1 / 1. B28/4

T'ANG CHEN (1630-1704), Ch'ien-shu (& book that lies deep). Peking: KC, 1955, 210 pp. Chi Col H HI P UC W J 2JI On T'ang's political and social thought. By and large, T'ang was opposed to bureaucracy and the speculative Neo-Confucianism of the Sung period. However, in his doctrines of the mind and human nature he was inclined to the idealistic Neo-Confucianism of Lu Hsiang-shan J i ¡ii (1139-1193) and Wang Yang-ming (1472-1529).

B28/4a

Same. Enlarged. Peking: CH, 1963, 292 pp. Cn Col Ind M UCLA Y Adds T'ang's poems and biographical materials.

B28/5

YANG T'ING-FU, Ming-mo san ta ssu-hsiang-chia— Huang Tsung-hsi, Ku Yen-wu, Wang Fu-chih (Three great thinkers at the end of the Ming Dynasty: Huang Tsung-hsi [ 1610-16 95] , Ku Yen-wu, and Wang Fuchih. Shanghai: SsL, 1955, 158 pp. Chi H HI LC P UC UCLA Y k ,, Their lives and scholastic contributions, their patriotism and democratic ideas, and their limitations due to the effect on them of the time and c l a s s e s in which they lived.

B28/6

HOU WAI-LU, Chung-kuo ssu-hsiang t'ung-shih. Vol. 5, Peking: JM, 1956, 689 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I K LC P Pi UC UCc UCLA UH W 43

See B2/8. This volume covers the period from the seventeenth century to the 1840s. It also goes under the title of B28/6a. B28/6a

, Chunq-kuo t s a o - c h ' i ch'i-menq ssu-hsianq shih (History of early Chinese enlightenment thought). The same as B28/6.

B28/7

HSIEH KUO-CHEN, Huang Li-chou hsueh-p'u (Biography and teachings of Huang Tsung-hsi). Shanghai: CP, 1956, 162 pp. Chi Col H HI LC P Pi UC Y

tfcgUA

Huang's biography, his political, historical, and intellectual doctrines, his literary accomplishments, his works, and his fellow scholars and students. B28/8

YANG P'EI-CHIH, Yen Hsi-chai vu Li Shu-ku (Yen Yuan | | AJ [1635-1704] , Li Kung^S 1659 - 1735]). Wuhan: HPJM, 1956, 294 pp. Chi Cn H HI LC P Pi UC W Y

Jif

Their lives; their political ideas; their philosophical ideas, especially their primitive materialistic view of the world; their doctrines of the mind and human nature; their educational theories, especially on the relationship between education and politics and economics; the origin and spread of their learning; their progressive nature; and their conservative elements. B28/9

CHANG SHUN-HUI, Ku T'inq-lin hsueh-chi (Biography and doctrines of Ku Yen-wu). Wuhan: HPJM, 1957, 101 pp. Chi Col H HI LC UH Ku's biography, his spirit and method of learning, his s u c c e s s in the studies of philology, the c l a s s i c s , history, philosophy, and literature. Plenty of excerpts. 44

B28/10

Chunq-kuo chin-tai ssu-hsianq-chia yen-chiu lun-wen hsuan (Selected e s s a y s on the study of recent Chinese thinkers). Peking: SL, 1957, 173 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P Pi UC USC UH W Y Five critiques on K'ang Yu-wei, T'an Ssu-t'ung, Liang Ch'i-ch'ao jfcj&Lil. (1873-1928), Yen Fu j f i 4 L (1853-1921), and Sun Y a t - s e n ^ f J , (1866-1925).

B28/ 11

HSIEH KUO-CHEN, Ku T'inq-lin hsueh-p'u (Biography and teachings of Ku Yen-wu). Shanghai: CP, 1957, 216 pp. Chi Cn H HI LC P Pi UC UCLA. W Y 10) i k A revision of a work written some twenty years before, but the form and contents are not entirely the same. In the revision, the Marxian point of view and method of a n a l y s i s are utilized to appraise Ku's l i f e , his social environment, and his i d e a s . The conclusion is that in Ku's objective idealism there are elements tending towards materialism.

B28/ 12

KUO AI-CH'UN, Yen H s i - t s a i hsueh-p'u (Biography and teachings of Yen Yuan). Shanghai: CP, 1957, 126 pp. Chi H HI LC M UCLA

I f l l l t l i !

Selections on Yen's political philosophy, educational i d e a s , and ethical doctrines. There i s a l s o a chronological biography. B28/13

SHIH CHUN, comp. , Chunq-kuo chin-tai ssu-hsianq shih t s ' a n - k ' a o tzu-liao chien-pien (A simple compilation of reference materials on the history of recent Chinese thought). Peking: SL, 1957, 1276 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC USC UH W Y tip % fa Prepared by the Department of Philosophy of Peking University. Source materials for B 2 8 / 3 . The point of view i s entirely Marxian. 45

B28/14

YEN YUAN, S s u - t s ' u n pien (Four e s s a y s on preservation), punctuated by Wang H s i n g - h s i e n . Peking: KC, 1957, 166 pp. Chi Cn Col H P Pa UCLA UH Y II ^ ¿ I f t i According to Wang-, it is regrettable that Yen w a s still bound by the doctrinairism of the Confucian School and looked at problems apart from historical developments. Nevertheless he regards Yen's "Preservation of Human Nature" a s materialistic and a s subordinating spirituality, his "Preservation of Learning" a s emphasizing the actual practice of truth, his "Preservation of Man" a s opposing Buddhism, and his "Preservation of Government" a s opposing the i d e a l ism of Ch'eng I ¿f. and Chu H s i ^ j f , .

B28/15

Chung-kuo c h i n - t a i s s u - h s i a n q shih lun-wen chi (A symposium on the history of recent Chinese thought). Shanghai: SHJM, 1958, 210 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI P UCLA W Y Fifteen e s s a y s by Fung Yu-lan and others on n i n e t e e n t h - and twentieth-century thinkers, including K'ang Yu-wei and Liang C h ' i - c h ' a o l/i^ .

B28/16

TAI WANG (1837-1873), Yen-shih h s u e h - c h i (Biographies and t e a c h i n g s of the Yen Yuan School), punctuated by Liu Kung-ch'un. Peking: CH, 1958, 273 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI P UC UCLA Y On Yen Yuan, Li Kung, and their pupils. There are source materials including Yen Yuan's four e s s a y s on preservation.

B28/17

Chung-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih t z u - l i a o h s u a n - c h i , section on the recent period, 1959, 686 pp. Cn Col H K M P Pi UC UCLA W Y

46

Selections from K'ang Yu-wei, Liang C h ' i - c h ' a o , Yen Fu, Sun Y a t - s e n , and others. See B2/18. B28/18

CHANG SHUN-HUI, C h ' i n g - t a i Yang-chou h s u e h - c h i (Biographies and doctrines of Yang-chou scholars in the Ch'ing Dynasty). Shanghai: SHJM, 1962, 222 pp. Chi Col H HI K M P UC UCLA Y A revision of the work written before 1946 on Ch'ing Dynasty s c h o l a r s , namely, Wang Chung (17441794), Chiao Hsun^Jtfc (1763-1820), Juan Yuan { t i (1764-1849), and others, and their contributions to Confucianism.

B28/19

Chung-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih t z u - l i a o h s u a n - c h i , section on the Ch'ing Dynasty, 1962, 469 pp. Cn Col H K M P Pi UC UCc UCLA W Y Selections from fourteen representative thinkers before the Opium War, with close attention to the r e l a t i o n ship between various thinkers and their influence. See B2/18.

B28/20

Chung-kuo l i - t a i c h e - h s u e h w e n - h s u a n , section on the Ch'ing Dynasty and the recent period. Peking: CH, 2 vols. , 1963, 518 pp. Cn Col K M UCc UCLA W Y t

M

M

rt

%

< f

:

4 "

' K . i i l / K .

Selections from Ch'en C h ' u e h , Wang F u - c h i h , Ku Yenw u , Yen Yuan, Yen Fu, and others. See B2/15.

Sec. 29. Wang Fu-chih 3 - A - L (1619-1692) B29/1

WANG FU-CHIH, Chang Tzu Cheng-meng chu (Commentary on Chang T s a i ' s Correcting Youthful Ignorance),

47

collated and punctuated by Chang H s i - s h e n . Peking: KC, 1956, 294 pp. Chi Cn Col H I LC M P UC UCLA ¿ A i i k * $ L 5i JJl ^ ^ A An elaboration of Chang T s a i ' s philosophy, but contains expressions of personal differences of opinion. There are many c a s e s of collations of the text. B29/2

, Huang-shu. O-meng (The yellow book, a book upholding China, Bad dream). Peking: KC, 1956, 38H-44 pp. Chi Cn H I LC UCLA UH W A A i # t # # Chiefly on political problems.

B29/3

, Ssu-wen lu, Ssu-chieh (Records of thinking and questioning and Waiting to be explained), collated and punctuated by Wang Po-hsiang. Shanghai: KC, 1956, 7 3 + 2 1 pp. Chi Cn Col UH W

% ft\ Mi

X rt ty

The former deals chiefly with political and sometimes scientific problems; the latter emphasizes personal cultivation. There are criticisms of idealism. B29/4

WANG I, Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n ti she-hui ssu-hsianq (Wang Fu-chih's social ideas). Shanghai: HCSh, 1956, 62 pp. Chi Col HI I LC M P UCc UH W Y This is 2 9 / 2 , supplemented with material about W a n g ' s biography.

B29/5

CHI WEN-FU, Wang Ch'uan-shan hsueh-shu lun-ts'unq (A series of e s s a y s on Wang Fu-chih's doctrines). Peking: CH, 1962, 163 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I K M Pi W Y #¿1(6 iMfr^f Written both before and after 1949, the e s s a y s concern Wang's method of study, the origin of his learning, his materialism and the mixed element of idealism, 48

the question of his c l a s s standpoint, and his discussions with his contemporaries on methods of study, etc. B29/6

, comp. , Wang Ch'uan-shan shih-lun hsuanp'inq (Selections and an appraisal of Wang Fu-chih's treatises on history). Peking: CH, 1962, 83 pp. Chi Cn Col H H I K M UCLA W Twenty-five critiques by Wang. There are two pages of criticism of Wang's works and ideas.

B29/7

WANG FU-CHIH, Chou-i wai-ch'uan (Outer commentary on the Book of Changes). Peking: CH, 1962, 241 pp. Chi Cn Col H I M Pi UCLA W Y Punctuated and collated. It is contended that aside from expressing political opinions and philosophy, there is a systematic presentation of problems from the materialistic and dialectic points of view.

B29/8

, Lao Tzu yen, Chuanq Tzu t'unq (Elaborations on the Lao Tzu and An explanation of the Chuang Tzu), punctuated and collated by Wang Hsiao-yu. Peking: CH, 1962, 101 pp. Chi H P UCLA W Y - M , t & iSL £ - m . £ The texts are collated and divided into paragraphs.

B29/9

, Shanq-shu yin-i (An elaboration on the meanings of the Book of History). Peking: CH, 1962, 175 pp. Chi Cn Col H LC M Pi UCLA UH W Y 3-Kk. & i 3| 4 It is maintained that in this book Wang expresses his opposition to Lao Tzu, Chuang Tzu, idealistic NeoConfucianism, and Buddhism, and firmly establishes his system of materialism.

49

Sec. 30. B30/1

Tai Chen jft. j t

(1723-1777)

TAI CHEN, Yuan-shan, Meng Tzu tzu-i su cheng (An inquiry on goodness and Commentary on the meanings of terms in the Book of Mencius). Peking: KC, 1956, 98 pp. Cn H HI LC P UCLA UH W Y ft* . A reprint of the Tai-shih-i-shu % (Surviving works of Tai Chen) edition with new punctuation.

B30/2

, Meng Tzu tzu-i su-chenq. put in order by Ho Wen-kuang. Peking: CH, 1961, 184 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI I LC P UC UCLA Y

Hjt

^iLt,

Newly punctuated. This a l s o includes several e s s a y s by Tai on philosophy.

Sec. 31. B31/1

K'ang Yu-wei h (1858-1927) and T'an Ssu-t'ung f f fei ig (1865-1898) SUNG YÜN-PIN, K'ang Yu-wei. Peking: CP, 1951, 131 pp. Chi Cn Col H Ind LC P Pi UC UCc UH Y K'ang's time, learning, i d e a s , works, reform movement, and K'ang after the political reform.

B31/la

The same.

Peking: SL, 1955, 131 pp.

B31/2

T'an Ssu-t'ung ch'uan-chi (Complete works of T'an Ssu-t'ung). Peking: SL, 1954, 534 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y

ff fä

E s s a y s , letters, and poems. (B31/11). 50

HI

Also his Ten-hsueh

B31/3

WEN TS'AO, T'an Ssu-t'ung c h e n - c h i (Original records of T'an Ssu-t'ung). Shanghai: SHCP, 1955, 166 pp. Chi Cn H HI I M P UC UCLA UH Y i f ffi fl Jk f k Photographic reprints of several portraits and thirtyone letters by T'an.

B31/4

YANG CHENG-TIEN, T'an S s u - t ' u n g — c h i n - t a i Chunq-kuo ch'i-menq s s u - h s i a n q - c h i a (T'anq S s u - t ' u n g , a C h i n e s e enlightenment thinker in recent times). Wuhan: HPJM, 1955, 60 pp. Chi Cn H HI LC P UCc UH T ' a n ' s l i f e , thoughts, and the logical presuppositions of his i d e a s . The latter refer to the Modern Script School, Western civilization, and Buddhism. There i s a l s o an a n a l y s i s of T'an's philosophy and his social i d e a s . An enlargement and revision of 3 1 / 3 . See 3 1 / 8. K'ANG YU-WEI, Hsin-hsiieh wei-ching k ' a o (An i n v e s t i gation on the Hsin period [9-23] learning and forged c l a s s i c s ) , collated and punctuated by Chang H s i - s h e n . Peking: KC, 1956, 462 pp. Cn Col H HI I LC M P UC WY

%

The 1931 edition w a s used for the punctuation and collation. It w a s felt that this book r e f l e c t s the ideas of the reformers and a l s o contains many i d e a s beyond what the Sung scholars had to offer. B31/6

B31/7

, Ta-t'unq shu (Book of great unity), collated and punctuated by Chang H s i - s h e n and Chou C h e n - f u . Peking: KC, 1956, 30 pp. H HI K LC M P Pi UC Y h- i h 4 . $ && A r e i s s u e of K'ang's famous work on Utopia. YANG JUNG-KUO, T'an Ssu-t'ung c h e - h s u e h s s u - h s i a n q (T'an S s u - t ' u n g ' s philosophical ideas). Peking: JM, 1957, 52 pp. Chi H HI M UC UCLA Y 51

i f M f l t i f && T ' a n ' s time, his theory of jen (humanity), which is materialistic and pantheistic in nature, his opposition to f e u d a l i s t i c economy, his contribution to the growth of capitalism, his democratic i d e a s , and his doctrine of reform. B31/8

YANG T'ING-FU, T'an Ssu-t'unq n i e n - p ' u (Chronological biography of T'an Ssu-t'ung). Peking: JM, 1957, 127 pp. Chi Cn H HI UC UCc UCLA W Y 4 it *h i f m 4 tf T'an is here considered to be a pioneer of materialism in modern China. However, he is thought to have sometimes gone beyond his reformism and to have come near to the position of democratic revolution of the c a p i t a l i s t c l a s s .

B31/9

K'ANG YU-WEI, K'unq Tzu k a i - c h i h k ' a o (An investigation on Confucius' institutional reforms). Peking: CH, 1 9 5 8 , 4 9 5 pp. Cn H HI K P UC UH W Y Newly punctuated. This book is considered to have three progressive a s p e c t s : (1) Confucius is considered a creator, (2) history is considered a s consisting of s t a g e s of development, (3) the people are considered to have the power of self-determination. But K'ang is considered to have become a reactionary finally b e c a u s e he advocated constitutional monarchy and regarded the doctrines of Confucius a s unchanging.

B31/10

LI TSE-HOU, K'ang Yu-wei T'an S s u - t ' u n g s s u - h s i a n q y e n - c h i u (A study of K'ang Yu-wei's and T'an S s u t ' u n g ' s ideas). Shanghai: SHJM, 1958, 235 pp. Cn Col H HI I LC P Pi UC UCc UCLA UH W Y Ten e s s a y s on the development of reformism in China in the nineteenth century, the philosophy of K'ang Yu-wei, his Book of Great Unity, his i d e a s of reform 52

on the basis of historical precedents, and Tan's ideas of society and government. B31/11

T'AN SSU-T'UNG, Ten-hsueh (Philosophy of humanity). Shanghai: CH, 1958, 83 pp. Chi Cn H HI M P Pa UH W Y

%% m fl ^ f

A new punctuation following B31/2 in the collation, but there are some differences from it. There is also a preface to the work by Liang C h ' i - c h ' a o ^ ^ ^ g

Sec. 32. B32/1

Sun Yat-sen & f

(1866-1925)

WANG HSUEH-HUA. Sun Chung-shan ti che-hsueh ssuhsianq (Sun Yat-sen's philosophical ideas). Shanghai: SHJM, 1960, 60 pp. C n H I M UCLA Sun's life and political ideas, notably his view of Nature and epistemology; also his social standpoint, particularly his view of history and government. The conclusion is that Sun is fundamentally materialistic in his view of nature, but there is an element of idealism in it. As to his view of history, it is ideali s t i c , but there is an element of materialism. In his political viewpoint, he kept going forward; this is a special characteristic of his.

53

Sec. 33. B33/1

Other Recent Thinkers TS'AI SHANG-SSU, Ts'ai Ytian-p'ei hsiieh-shu ssu-hsiang chuan-chi (A biographical account of Ts'ai Yiian-p'ei's [ 1868-1940] learning and ideas). Shanghai: TTf 1950. 464 pp. Chi H LC UC A detailed study with plenty of historical background. Part of the work was published before 1949.

B33/ 2

WANG SHIH, Yen Fu chuan (Biography of Yen Fu [ 18531921]). Shanghai: SHJM, 1957, 103 pp. Chi H HI LC P UC UCc UH W 4. Yen's life, his ideas of reform, his doctrine of natural evolution. Yen is considered to have gone from a progressive position through the conservative to the reactionary, culminating in his promotion of Confucianism and his attempts to restore the monarchy.

i- tK %L

Sec. 34 Hu Shih t9j B34/1

) (1891-1962)

AI SSU-CH'I. P'i-p'an Hu Shih ti fan-tung che-hsueh ssuhsiang (Criticizing Hu Shih's reactionary philosophical ideas). Peking: CKCN, 1955, 25 pp. Chi H HI UCc

£

n wAwl^h

&

A lecture before young Communists. A strong attack on capitalism, idealism, imperialism, and pragmatism. B34/2

CHANG TU-HSIN, P'i-p'an Hu Shih ti shih-yunq-chu-i che-hsueh (Criticizing Hu Shih's pragmatic philosophy). Peking: JM, 1955, 81 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI P UCc UCLA UH USC Y flji&^f¿A 54

Criticism of pragmatism and Hu Shih's application of it in his intellectual endeavors. B34/3

Hu Shih s s u - h s i a n g p ' i - p ' a n (Criticisms of Hu Shih's ideas). Vol. 1. Peking: SL, 1955, 248 pp. Chi Cn H HI LC P UC UCc UCLA USC Y

WA & &

Eighteen e s s a y s by nineteen people, including Kuo M o - j o , Li Ta, and Jen Chi-yli. Previously published chiefly in the KM IP and IMJP. It i s to be noted that the leading article i s by Kuo M o - j o . B34/4

The same, Vol. 2. Peking: SL, 1955, 372 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC UC UCc UCLA USC Y Twenty-nine e s s a y s by twenty-nine p e o p l e , including Li Ta, who wrote the leading a r t i c l e , Ho Lin ** and Ai S s u - c h ' i . Previously published in various journals and newspapers.

B34/5

The same, Vol. 3. Peking: SL, 1955, 354 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC P UC UCLA UH USC Y Twenty-six e s s a y s by twenty-seven people, including Li Ta again writing the leading a r t i c l e , Hou Wai-Lu, and Wu C h i n g - c h ' a o .

B34/6

The same, Vol. 4. Peking: SL, 1955, 296 pp. LC Thirty-one e s s a y s by thirty-two people, with Kuo Mo-jo writing the leading article.

B34/7

The same. Vol. 5. Peking: SL, 1955, 237 pp. HI LC P WTC Nineteen e s s a y s by eighteen people not so well known a s t h o s e mentioned in the preceding comments.

B34/8

The same, Vol. 6. Peking: SL, 1955, 316 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC P UH UC USC Y Seventeen e s s a y s by seventeen people, including Fung Yu-lan and Kao Heng. Fung, however, did not write the leading article. 55

B34/9

The same, Vol. 7. Peking: SL, 1955, 426 pp. Chi Col H HI P LC UC USC Nineteen essays by thirty-four people, including Fung Yu-lan, Hou Wai-lu, and Chin Yiieh-lin who wrote the leading article.

B34/ 10

LI TA, Hu Shih fan-tuna ssu-hsianq p'i-p'an (Hu Shih's reactionary ideas criticized). Hankow: HPJM, 1955, 73 pp. Chi Col H HI LC UCc UH USC W Y

til

A criticism of Hu Shih's ideas from the dialectic point of view. B34/11

YAO P'ENG-TZU. P'i-p'an Hu Shih shih-yung-chu-i ti fan-tung-hsing ho fan-k'o-hslieh-hsing (Criticizing the reactionary and antiscientific nature of Hu Shih's pragmatism). Shanghai: SHCP, 1955, 115 pp. Chi Cn Col H HI LC UH USC W Y Hu Shih is here criticized for his reactionism, his antiscientific spirit, and his promotion of pragmatism in China.

B34/12

Sec. 35. B35/ 1

B 3 4 / 3 , Vol. 8. Peking: SL, 1956, 268 pp. Chi Cn H HI LC P UC UCLA USC Y Sixteen essays by sixteen people, including Chi Wenfu, Jen Chi-yii, and others less well known.

Liang Sou-ming

(1893

)

Liang Sou-ming ssu-hsiang p'i-p'an (Criticisms of Liang Sou-ming's ideas), Vol. 1. Peking: SL, 1955, 173 pp. Chi H LC UCc UH 56

Fourteen articles by twenty-two people, with Fung Yu-lan writing the leading a r t i c l e , followed by Ho Lin, Jen Chi-yu, and others. B35/2

The same, Vol. 2. Peking: SL, 1956, 237 pp. Chi H P UC u s e Seventeen e s s a y s by eighteen people, with T'ang Yung-t'ung and Jen Chi-yu together writing the l e a d ing article.

B35/3

AI SSU-CH'I, P ' i - p ' a n Liang Sou-ming ti c h e - h s u e h s s u hsianq (Criticizing Liang Sou-ming 1 s philosophical ideas). Peking: JM, 1956, 67 pp. Chi Cn H HI M P UC UCc UCLA. UH Y Liang's idealism, his nihilism, his a n t i s c i e n t i f i c m e t a p h y s i c s , and his backward view of history.

Sec. 36.

Chang Tung-sun

Sec. 37.

Hsiunq Shih-li f k + if (1885

B37/1

ik

(1886

)

)

HSIUNG SHIH-LI, Yuan-iu (A.n inquiry on Confucianism). Shanghai: LM, 1956, 2 vols. , 9 0 + 9 2 pp. Chi H HI K LC M P UC Y ft -t ^ £ 4 A restatement of his i d e a l i s t i c N e o - C o n f u c i a n i s m , dealing chiefly with the great transformation and the mind. 57

B37/2

.

, Minq-hsin p'ien (A.n e s s a y illuminating the mind). Shanghai: LM, 1959, 232 pp. WTC

Ik

^

%

Essentially a critique on s u b s t a n c e and function. There are three i d e a s , namely, that the universe i s not simple but is complicated, that s u b s t a n c e and function are not two but one, and that the mind and things cannot be bifurcated. B37/3

, C h ' i e n - k ' u n yen (Elaborating on the principles of Heaven and Earth). n. p . : 1961, 1154-134 pp. HK WTC

fk +

tb rf

The two trigrams, c h ' i e n and k'un pf , are u s e d to expound the Perfect Way. These two trigrams are considered by the author to be the two general names of things of the universe. Together they mean l i f e , and, to the author, the universe is great l i f e , with c h ' i e n and k'un a s its root and origin. Substance and function are one, for nothing can exist in i s o l a tion. This i s not idealism, according to the author, for he does not believe in anything independent of reality. A phenomenon involves both the mind and t h i n g s , b e c a u s e , he c l a i m s , t h e s e two cannot be separated.

Sec. 38.

Liu Chleh Mj ffi (1901—) and Others

Sec. 39.

Fung Yu-lan

B39/1

k. %

(1895

)

FUNG YU-LAN, Chunq-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih lun-wen chi (Collected e s s a y s on the history of Chinese 58

philosophy). Shanghai: SHJM, 1958, 142 pp. H HI LC M P UC UCLA USC Y +

Cn Col

a

Seven e s s a y s on the historical development of Chinese philosophy, the conflict between idealism and materialism in Chinese philosophy, and the question of the continuing heritage of Chinese philosophy. See 3 9 c / 4 . B39/la

The same, enlarged and retitled Chunq-kuo che-hsueh shih lun-wen ch'u-chi (Collected e s s a y s on the history of Chinese philosophy, first series). Shanghai: SHJM, 1958, 1962, 231 pp. Chi H HI UH W Y B39/ 1 plus five e s s a y s included in B28/15.

B39/2

, Ssu-shih-nien ti hui-ku (Looking back over forty-years), ed. by the Editorial Board of the Chehsueh yen chiu. Peking: KH, 1959, 80 pp. DL URI WTC re+Jf-tt&M

The story of his intellectual development and transformation. An e s s a y with the same title a s 3 9 c / l l is appended in the book but it is different from 39c/11. B39/3

, Chung-kuo che-hsueh shih (History of Chinese philosophy). Peking: CH, 1961, 1041 pp. Cn P UCLA W ft

A reprint of his celebrated History, first published in 1934 and subsequently translated into English by Professor Derk Bodde. According to the new introduction, which criticizes himself, Fung says that the History was written from the capitalistic viewpoint of history which denies the objectivity of history, and from the capitalistic viewpoint of philosophy which denies the struggle between idealism and 59

materialism. He a l s o s a y s that the History overlooks the party nature—as evidenced by his undermining Wang Ch'ung and Tai Chen—and p o s s e s s e s t h e nature of the c a p i t a l i s t c l a s s . In his new p r e f a c e , Fung s a y s that this book is reprinted to show the arguments and methods of the wrong side. B39/4

, Chunq-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih h s i n - p i e n (ft. new version of the history of Chinese philosophy), Vol. 1. Peking: JM, 1962, 592 pp. WTC In the introduction in the form of a poem, Fung compares Mao Tse-tung to Confucius and himself to the Confucian pupil, Yen Hui u iJk ft iA On the Legalist, Militarist, and Diplomatic schools; the relationship between the Moist School and the Yin-Yang School; the three Moist Schools; the Southern and Northern schools of the Taoist religion; and the two branches of the Yang Chu School. WANG TIEN-CHI, Hsien-Ch'in lo-chi ssu-hsianq ti chung-yao kung-hsien (The important contributions of pre-Ch'in logical thought), CHYC, 1962, 1, pp. 3651, 75. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P Pa UC UCc UH WY An analysis of the development of the history of logical thought, the fundamental contents of logic and its creativity, and the special characteristics of logical methods or forms. CH'IU T'AO-CH'ANG, Ts'ung li-shih fa-chan k'an Ch'unch'iu Chan-kuo shih-ch'i ti kung-shih (The big ruling families in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods viewed from historical developments), YCWP, 1962, 5/17.

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CH'EN TAO-CHANG, Wo-kuo ku-tai che-hsueh chunq yiian-tzu-shuo ti shih-t'an (An attempt at an 71

investigation on the atomic theories in the ancient philosophy of our country), KMJP, 1962, 9/28. Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y Considers both Tao and yin-yanq a s atomism.

Sec. 3.

Ancient Confucianism

3/1

HSU HUNG-HUI, H s i e n - C h ' i n Ju-chia j e n - h s i n g - l u n p ' i - p ' a n (A criticism of the doctrines of human nature in p r e - C h ' i n Confucianism), WSC. 1963, 3.

3/2

CHAO CHI-PIN, K'unq-men ti l o - c h i c h ' e n g - c h i u c h i c h ' i chii-hsien-hsing (The limited character and the s u c c e s s of the logic of the Confucian School), CHYYC, 1962, 6. M fc & ^ 1 %&& k

Sec. 4a.

Confucius

(551-479 B. C . ) : General

4a/1

SUNG YUN-PIN, K'ung Tzu t s a i Chung-kuo l i - s h i h shang ti t i - w e i (Confucius' position in Chinese history), KM TP, 1951, 11/24. H HI LC UCc ¿L-J-ÄfflÄJU^ÄMÄ Regards Confucius doctrine of humanity a s f e u d a l i s t s thought and the b a s i s of the feudalistic order, and his doctrines in general a s progressive at the time.

4a/2

CHI WEN-FU, Kuan-yü K'ung Tzu ti l i - s h i h p ' i n g - c h i a w e n - t ' i (Over the problem of appraising Confucius'

72

position in history). LSCH, 1953, 8, pp. 2-4. HI TU it $ M&lbJ-ttMt if 4% $ M The main idea of the article i s that, in upholding the rules of propriety, Confucius was a representative of the feudal aristocrats, but in putting propriety on the b a s i s of humanity (jen). he broadened the base and thereby made a great contribution to Chinese civilization. 4a/3

FUNG YU-LAN, HUANG TZU-T'UNG, and MA TS'AI, Kung Tzu ssu-hsiana yen-chiu (A study of Confucius' ideas), HCS, 1954, 4, pp. 35-42. HI LC Y Based on four discussion meetings at the Department of Philosophy of Peking University. Confucius is considered to stand for the interest of the landlord c l a s s . Both his doctrines of propriety and rectification of names enhanced the power of the ruler and the father. Although he gave a new meaning to religion, he wanted to retain the ceremonies to dupe the people. In education, however, his s u c c e s s was glorious. See 4 e / l .

4a/4

FUNG YU-LAN, Kuan-yii K'ung Tzu yen-chiu ti chi-ko wen-t'i (Concerning several problems in the study of Confucius), KM TP, 1956, 11/14. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH USC 4 ¿L$ £ +41 ?>]& According to Fung, the three main topics on which scholars have given their conflicting opinions are the Confucian concept of Heaven, the Confucian doctrine of propriety, and the Confucian idea of ien (humanity). Fung himself considers that Confiicius' view of Nature was idealistic but that Confucius was skeptical concerning spiritual beings. Propriety, according to Fung, consists of the rectification of names 73

which was designed to correct and control actual situations. Humanity, to Fung, involves a genuine feeling. 4a/5

WANG TSE-FU, T'an-t'an K'ung Tzu ti ssu-hsianq (Confucius' ideas d i s c u s s e d ) . TTTP, 1957, 2/23. iUjjfj

1&&3

4a/6

SU YUAN-LEI, Ts'ung p'ing-chia K'ung Tzu shou yao ming-ch'ueh ti san-ko wen-t'i t'an-tao K'ung Tzu t s a i li-shih shang ti ti-wei (Confucius' position in history d i s c u s s e d from the fact that to appraise Confucius one must first understand three problems), HEPSFHP. 1957, 1.

4a/7

CH'EN CHEN-WEI, Kuan-yii K'ung Tzu ti p'ing-chia wen-t'i (On the question of appraising Confucius), KM TP. 1957, 5/1. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH USC The author considers Confucius not a s a reformer but a s a conservative who, therefore, does not reflect the interest of the popular m a s s e s . Humanity and government by virtue, according to the author, are but dupes for the people. It i s wrong, he s a y s , to consider Confucius a s proceeding from s l a v e society to feudalism through reforms.

4a/8

CHANG MU-LING, Yeh t'an K'ung Tzu ti p'ing-chia wen-t'i (I a l s o d i s c u s s the problem of appraising Confucius), KM TP. 1957, 6/30. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH USC Comment on 4 a / 7 . Confucius, according to the author, represented not the slaveowners but the landlord c l a s s who were just coming up. Jen (humanity), to the author, restricts not only those people below but 74

a l s o those above; h e n c e , it is progressive in c h a r a c ter. 4a/9

HUANG LI-CH'IANG, Wo tui p ' i n q - c h i a K'unq Tzu ti i - h s i e h i - c h i e n (Some opinions of mine on the a p praisal of Confucius). KM TP, 1957, 7 / 7 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC XJCc UH USC Criticizing 4 a / 7 . Contending that Confucius did r e flect the i n t e r e s t s of the popular m a s s e s , and that humanity and government by virtue were positive and were not o p i a t e s for the people.

4a/10

YANG HSIANG-K'UEI, K'unq Tzu ti s s u - h s i a n g c h i - c h ' i hsileh-p'ai (Confucius' ideas and the Confucian schools). WSC. 1957, 5, pp. 1-10. Col HI LC UC Reprinted in B4/8, pp. 7-35. Confucius' l i f e , his view of the Way of Heaven, his ethical doctrine, his political doctrine, and his i d e a s of learning and teaching. According to the a u thor, there are contradictions in the Confucian philosophy, such a s i t s idea of an anthropomorphic God and its pantheism. Confucius is considered to have d e fended and preserved the old c l a s s e s . He is a l s o considered an immortal figure in the history of e d u c a tion.

4a/11

CH'EN MENG-LIN, Hou-chin po-ku yu K'unq Tzu chi c h ' i - t a (On considering the present a s important and the past a s unimportant, Confucius, and so forth), KM TP. 1958, 5/21. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH USC In praising emperors Yao -fa and Shun ^ , C o n f u c i u s indeed loved the p a s t , but he did so for t h e s a k e of h i s own time. 75

4a/12

LIU CH'UAN-TE with LI MING. I-pen hsuan-yanq fenqchien lun-li tao-te ti fan-tung chu-tso (A reactionarybook propagandizing feudalistic ethics and morality), HCS . 1958, 11, pp. 61-64. Cn Col HI UC UCc UH W , f

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Written by a college junior, this article is a r e c k l e s s attack on B4/5 a s propaganda for feudalistic philosophy. 4a/13

SUN CHIU, Tui "K'unq-tzu ssu-hsianq t ' i - h s i c-h'u-t'an" i-wen ti i-chien (My opinion on the e s s a y , "A Preliminary Investigation on the System of Confucian Thought"). KM TP, 1959, 12/20. Chi Cn H HI K LC UCc UH USC Comment on 4 f / l , with emphasis on the vitality of the Confucian doctrine of humanity.

4a/14

T'UNG SHU-YEH, K'unq Tzu ssu-hsianq yen-chiu (A study of Confucius' i d e a s ) , STTHHP, 1960, 1. Reprinted in B4/8, pp. 1-42, and B4/9, pp. 1-42. t f j k . $b JConfucius' view of the universe, his ethical doctrines, his political theories, and his educational ideas.

4a/15

FUNG YU-LAN, Lun K'unq Tzu (On Confucius), KMTP. 1960, 7 / 2 2 , 29. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Y Reprinted in B4/8, pp. 206-225, B 4 / 9 , pp. 78-95, and B39/5, pp. 96-114. s&JLiConfucius' life and c l a s s standpoint; his doctrines of propriety, Heaven, and humanity; the unity of these three in his system of thought; and his educational ideas and methods. Confucius is considered to have belonged to the c l a s s between the slaveowners and the newly arising landlords. He is looked upon a s a conservative but a s p o s s e s s i n g progressive elements. 76

4a/16

LI CH'I-CH'IEN, Tui Fung Yu-lan H s i e n - s h e n q "Lun K'ung Tzu" ti c h i - t i e n i - c h i e n (Several opinions on Mr. Fung Yu-lan's "On Confucius"), KMTP. 1960, 8/5. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Reprinted in B4/8, pp. 226-237.

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Comment on 4 a / 1 5 . On Fung's views of p r e - C h ' i n schools of philosophy, Fung's a n a l y s i s of the conc e p t s of humanity, and Fung's i d e a s of "abstract meanings" (see Sec. 40). 4a/17

CH'EN CHIH-SHANG, YU CH'ENG-CHI, and CHANG CHIACHEN, P'ing Fung Yu-lan H s i e n - s h e n g ti "Lun K'ung Tzu" (A criticism of Mr. Fung Yu-lan's "On Confucius"), KMTP, I960, 8/26. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH A criticism of 4 a / 1 5 by four seniors in the Department of Philosophy of Peking University. According to them, s i n c e Fung Yu-lan considers Confucius to be i d e a l i s t i c but with certain materialistic elements, and s i n c e in his theory of the rectification of names Fung considers names in the Confucian doctrine a s of primary importance and actuality a s secondary, Fung is u n s c i e n t i f i c and therefore opposed to Marxism.

4a/18

T'UNG TAN, Kuan-yii K'ung Tzu ti i - t i e n i - c h i e n (An opinion about Confucius), KMTP, 1961, 3/3. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Contends that Confucius did not emphasize the intere s t s of the people.

4a/19

LI CHING-CH'UN, Kunq Tzu tui Chunq-kuo k u - t a i w e n hua ti cheng-li c h ' u a n - s h o u ho f a - c h a n (Confucius' putting in order, transmitting, and developing ancient Chinese culture), WSC, 1961,3.

77

4a/20

, Statement made at the third academic discussion meeting at the Institute for Historical Research of the Shantung Branch of the Chinese Science Academy, in B4/8, pp. 1-6. Confucius is regarded as a progressive because his doctrine of humanity was a progressive idea to the feudalistic ruling class and his doctrine of propriety respected the opinion of the ordinary people.

4a/21

MENG WEN-T'UNG, K'unq Tzu ho chln-wen-hsueh (Confucius and the Modern Script School), in B 4 / 8 , pp. 74135. ILjtA The Modern Script School is considered to be a development of Confucian ideas, and the political and educational institutions it promoted are regarded as progressive.

4a/22

T'ANG I-CHIEH, K'unq Tzu ssu-hsianq tsai Ch'un-Ch'iu mo-ch'i ti tso-yunq (The function of Confucius' ideas toward the end of the Spring and Autumn period), in B 4 / 8 , pp. 3 6 - 7 3 , and B4/9, pp. 4 3 - 7 7 . 4 wit ft Confucius was a thinker of the exploiting c l a s s , had conservative elements, but met the demands of the historical developments of his time. He was the first one to advance the idea of man; he also made a distinction between laborers and working animals. In his epoch-making doctrine of humanity he exercised a progressive function.

4a/23

WANG HSIEN-CHIN, K'unq Tzu tsai Chunq-kuo li-shih shanq ti ti-wei (Confucius' position in Chinese history), in B4/8, pp. 301-337. Reprinted in B 4 / 9 , pp. 102-134. ¿liit Confucius' social background, his struggle on behalf of scholars' participation in the government, his 78

struggle for the unification of China, his struggle for the progression from a slave society to a feudal s o c i ety, his social i d e a s , his contribution to education, and his limitations. 4a/24

CHUNG CHAO-P'ENG, K'unq Tzu ti chi-pen ssu-hsianq (The fundamental ideas of Confucius), in B4/8, pp. 177-190. Confucius despised labor. His doctrines of government are but opiates for the people.

4a/25

CH'E TSAI, Lun K'unq Tzu ti wen-tao yu hsing-tao (On Confucius' learning the Way and practicing it), HSYK, 1961, 4. ¿ft

4a/26

KUAN FENG and LIN YU-SHIH, Lun K'unq Tzu (On Confucius), CHYC. 1961, 4. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind P UCc UH W Reprinted in B2/19, pp. 439-493, B4/9, pp. 217-270. Confucian doctrines were a compromise of subjective and objective idealism and were meant to resolve c l a s s conflicts. See 4 e / l l , 4 f / 6 , 4 f / 7 , 4 g / 6 , and 4 g / 9 .

4a/27

SUN CH'ANG-CHIANG, Tsen-yanq fen-hsi K'unq Tzu ti che-hsueh ssu-hsianq (How to analyze Confucius' philosophical i d e a s ? ) , CHYYC, 1961, 4. Reprinted in B 4 / 9 , pp. 271-284.

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& * ft *& $ 4 & A response to 4 a / 2 6 . In appraising Confucius the most important point i s his view of the Way of Heaven. 4a/28

LU CHIH-HSING, Yang Tunq-kuo lun K'unq Tzu s s u hsianq (Yang Jung-kuo d i s c u s s e s the ideas of Confuc i u s ) , KM]?, 1961, 11/4. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y 79

A report on Yang's lecture partment of Philosophy of The lecture dealt with the humanity, the mandate of on learning. 4a/29

to his students in the DeSun Yat-sen University. Confucian doctrines of Heaven, and his emphasis

CHI WEN-FU, Tui-yü K'ung Tzu ti i - k o c h i e n - t a n k ' a n - f a (A simple view on Confucius), KMIP, 1961, 11/7. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Confucius is neither regarded a s a revolutionist nor a s a reactionary but a s a reformer. His doctrines are regarded a s having two l e v e l s , namely, the new on the b a s i s of the old and Heaven proceeding from man.

4a/30

WANG CHUNG-LO, Ts'unq K'ung Tzu tui l i - s h i h ien-wu ti p'ing-chia k'an t ' a - t i c h i - p e n s s u - h s i a n g (Confuc i u s ' fundamental i d e a s in the light of his a p p r a i s a l of certain historical persons), KM TP, 1961, 11/17. Chi Cn H Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Reprinted in B 4 / 9 , pp. 328-340. Confucius' evaluation of Duke of Chou ^ £ (d. 1094 B. C . ) , Kuan Chung $ 4f (d. 645 B. C . ) , T z u - c h ' a n £ jL (fl. c. 550 B . C . ) , and others. Confucius is r e garded a s a progressive.

4a/31

KUAN FENG and LIN YÜ-SHIH, Tsai lun K'una Tzu (A second t r e a t i s e on Confucius), HCS, 1961, 11. Reprinted in B2/19, pp. 494-518, and B4/9, pp. 303327. i if, i f f : a} This t r e a t i s e d i s c u s s e s the Confucian doctrine of humanity in historical context and the Confucian d o c trine of restoring the rules of propriety. The author i n s i s t s that Confucius r e f l e c t e d , fundamentally s p e a k ing, the position of slaveowners. See 4a/37. 80

4a/32

FAN-HSING, K'ung chih cho t s a i na-li (Wherein i s Confucius outstanding?), CH. 1961, 22, pp. 15-16. LC On the Confucian pupil Yen Hui's M & (521-490 B. C . ) praising of Confucius in the Analects, 9:10, a s so outstanding a s to be beyond reach, and Confuc i u s ' praise of his pupil.

4a/33

CHI WEN-FU, Wo tui K'ung Tzu ti k'an-fa (My view of Confucius), TCJP, 1961, 12/9.

4a/34

KUAN FENG and LIN YU-SHIH, San lun K'ung Tzu (A third treatise on Confucius), KM TP, 1962, 1/22. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Reprinted in B4/9, pp. 401-411. Concentrates on Confucius' doctrine of rules of propriety, and concludes that they are not really equally applicable to all.

4a/35

T'ANG LAN. P'ing-lun K'ung Tzu shou-hsien ying pienming K'ung Tzu so-ch'ii shih shen-me-yang hsingchih ti she-hui (To d i s c u s s Confucius one must first clearly understand the nature of the society he lived in). WHP, 1962, 1/26. Reprinted in B4/9, pp. 341353.

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Confucius, in his revolutionary character, w a s prog r e s s i v e for his time. He could not have avoided his historical limitations, and he should not be judged on the b a s i s of present social conditions. 4a/36

YANG JUNG-KUO, Lun K'ung Tzu s s u - h s i a n g (On Confucius' ideas), HSYC. 1962, 1. Reprinted in B4/9, pp. 373-400.

81

The Confucian doctrines of humanity, the rectification of names, the Heavenly mandate, and the elevating of the worthy to the government positions; the o p p o s ing theories of the Moist School; Hsiin Tzu's development of the doctrines of propriety; and Mencius' idea of the goodness of human nature. 4a/37

CH'AO SUNG-T'ING, Tui-yu Kuan Feng Lin Yu-shih erh t ' u n g - c h i h "Tsai lun K'unq Tzu" ti s h a n q - c h ' u e h (A d i s c u s s i o n on Comrades Kuan Feng's and Lin Y u - s h i h ' s "A Second Treatise on C o n f u c i u s " ) , WSC, 1962, 2. Reprinted in B 4 / 9 , pp. 455-469.

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Comment on 4 a / 3 l . The author maintains that Confuc i u s ' position w a s that of the newly arising landlord c l a s s and that Confucius moved forward following historical currents of his time. As to the Confucian doctrines of humanity and propriety, instead of representing the position of slaveowners, they represented the progression in the historical period following the emancipation of s l a v e s , and hence t h e s e doctrines have their creative elements. 4a/38

KAO HENG, K'unq Tzu s s u - h s i a n q san lun (A third t r e a t i s e on Confucius), CHYC, 1962, 1. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind P Pa UC UCc UH W Reprinted in B4/9, pp. 52-61. On the Confucian doctrines of humanity, loyalty, and altruism; Confucius' attitude and policy toward the people; and the Confucian doctrines of propriety and modeling after ancient kings. Confucius is regarded a s belonging to the c l a s s of scholars who, on t h e one hand, defended the i n t e r e s t s of the rulers, and, on the other hand, showed considerable sympathy to the people.

82

4a/39

T'ANG I-CHIEH. K'unq Tzu (Confucius), CHYYC, 1962, 2. ib-Jr

4a/40

Shir

CHU CH'IEN-CHIH. Shih-ch'i-pa shih-chi hsi-fanq che-hsueh-chia ti K'ung Tzu kuan (Western philosophers' views on Confucius in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries), TMTP, 1962, 3 / 9 . Chi Cn H Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Reprinted in B 4 / 9 , pp. 4 4 6 - 4 5 4 . 4-^JL

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With special emphasis on France and Germany. The representatives in France are the Encyclopedists, who unreservedly praised Chinese philosophy, ethics, political theories, and science. They utilized the democratic ideals in China and provided to some extent a philosophical foundation for the French Revolution. In Germany Leibniz considered the principles of Confucianism and Christian thought as entirely synonymous. Kant praised Confucian ethics also, although he considered it not quite scientific. 4a/41

CHIN CH'AO-TZU, K'unq Fu-tzu p'inq-i (A fair discussion on Grandmaster K'ung), HHP, 1962, 5 / 2 5 , 26.

4a/42

LIN LIN, Kuan-yu K'ung Tzu ssu-hsiang ti chi-ko wen-t'i (Several questions concerning Confucius' ideas), WSC. 1962, 5.

4a/43

WANG CHUNG-LO, Tui-yu K'unq Tzu p'inq-chia ti i-hsieh i-chien (An opinion on the appraisal of Confucius), WSC, 1962, 5.

83

4a/44

CH'AO SUNG-T'ING, K'unq Tzu hsueh-shuo ti chunq-hsin ssu-hsiang (The central ideas in the doctrines of Confucius), HPTHHP. 1962, 3.

It W 4a/45

LI K'AN, Po hsin tsun-K'ung iun (Refuting the new doctrine of honoring Confucius), KM TP, 1963, 8/17, 18. Chi Cn H Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y An attack on Liu Chieh, especially for his interpretation of jen (humanity) as transcending c l a s s distinctions, and for his belief that the good points of Confucius are not in conflict with dialectic materialism. In e s s e n c e , according to the author, Liu opposed c l a s s struggle. See 4 f / l 5 .

Sec. 4b. 4b/1

Confucius: Political Doctrines T'UNG SHU-YEH, Lun K'unq Tzu cheng-chih ssu-hsiang ti chin-pu fang-mien CThe progressive aspect of Confucius' political ideas), WSC, 1961, 2. JS&ttit**»»

i t * 4b/2

WEI CH'IN-WO, Lueh-shu K'unq Tzu ti cheng-chih ssuhsiang (A. brief account of Confucius' political ideas), in B4/8, pp. 2 4 4 - 2 5 3 .

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Although the Confucian doctrine of jen means going back to the rules of propriety of the Chou Dynasty as formulated by the Duke of Chou % £ (d. 1094 B. C . ) , nevertheless, jen has spirituality and is progressive. 4b/3

JEN CHI-YU, K'ung Tzu cheng-chih shang ti pao-shou li-ch'ang ho che-hsiieh shanq ti wei-hsin-chu-i (Confucius' conservative standpoint in politics and 84

idealism in philosophy), PCIP, 1961, 7/27. printed in B4/9, pp. 147-161.

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Confucius opposed change and firmly defended the slavery system. In his doctrines of humane government and education through rules of propriety he w a s offering only a political illusion. He propagated an anthropomorphic God and an idealistic conception of the Way of Heaven. 4b/4

KAO HENG, Lun K'unq Tzu tui jen-min ti t'ai-tu ho fanqchen (On Confucius' attitude toward the people and his policies), TCTP, 1961, 12/9.

4b/5

TENG HUNG-YU, Hsu Chung-shu lun K'unq Tzu chenqchih ssu-hsianq (Hsu Chung-shu d i s c u s s e s Confucius' political thought), KMJZ/ 1961, 12/13. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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On Confucius' life and his political i d e a s , e s p e c i a l l y his doctrine of government by rules of propriety. The author s a y s that Confucius w a s conservative and defended feudalism, but at the same time w a s prog r e s s i v e , a s when he insisted that the ruler and the minister depended on each other. 4b/6

SUN TSO-MIN, K'unq Tzu tui chan-cheng ti t'ai-tu (Confucius' attitude toward war), KM TP, 1962, 2/23. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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According to the writer, Confucius opposed exploitation and ruthless wars but defended righteous wars. 4b/7

LI SHOU-YUNG, Kuan-yu K'unq Tzu ti "chun" ti chingchi ssu-hsiang ti t'an-t'ao (An investigation and d i s c u s s i o n on Confucius' economic idea of even 85

distribution), KMIP, 1962, 3 / 1 2 . UCc UCLA UH Y

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Referring to the Analects, 16:1, the if we analyze Confucius' i d e a s , we opposed e x c e s s i v e concentration of ploitation. What Confucius wanted tentment, and harmony. 4b/8

author s a y s that will find that he wealth and e x w a s p e a c e , con-

CHANG HAI-P'ENG, Lun K'ung Tzu ti chenq-chih s s u hsianq (On Confucius' political i d e a s ) , HFSFHP, 1962, 1.

^ 4b/9

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CH'E TSAI, Lun K'ung Tzu ti "wei-cheng i - t e " (On Conf u c i u s ' saying, "governing the s t a t e by virtue"), CHYC, 1962, 6, pp. 68-80. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P Pa UC UCc UH W Y Based on the Analects, 2:1, the writer contends that Confucius' doctrine of the rectification of names w a s intended to control laborers and the people, that the Confucian doctrines of propriety and punishment were tools to exploit the people, and the Confucian d o c trine of k i n d n e s s w a s part of the feudalist plan to dupe the people.

Sec. 4c. 4c/1

Confucius: Other Doctrines KO MOU-CH'UN, Shih-lun K'ung Tzu t ' i e n - t a o - k u a n (An attempt to d i s c u s s Confucius' view of the Way of Heaven) in B4/8, pp. 191-205. The Confucian doctrines of honoring Heaven and 86

Confucius' own doubt about Heaven were all from t h e standpoint of the aristocrats and slaveowners and were for the purpose of defending and protecting their own i n t e r e s t s . 4c/2

JEN CHUAN, K'unq Tzu "Li-yun" t a - t ' u n q s s u - h s i a n q (The idea of Great Unity in Confucius' "Evolution of the Rites"). KMTP. 1961, 5/12. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH The author s a y s that the two important points in this chapter in the Book of Rites are that the world is a commonwealth and the opposition to private ownership.

4c/3

KU-TAI, K'unq Tzu ti t a - t ' u n q s s u - h s i a n q (Confucius' idea of Great Unity), KMTP, 1961, 5/24. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Reprinted in B43/2, pp. 222227. Commenting on 4 c / 2 , the writer contends that this chapter had nothing to do with C o n f u c i u s , nor had Confucius anything to do with the idea of Great Unity. This chapter, he contends, is not authentic and has been merely ascribed to Confucius.

4c/4

CH'E TSAI, Lun K'unq Tzu ti c h i h - j e n - y u n q (On Confucius' doctrines of wisdom, humanity, and courage), CFJP, 1961', 7 / 8 .

4c/5

HOU CHEN-P'ENG, K'unq Tzu tui k u e i - s h e n ti h u a i - i t ' a i - t u (Confucius' skeptical attitude toward spiritual beings), TTJP, 1961, 8/16.

4c/6

JEN CHUAN, K'unq Tzu "Li-yun" t a - t ' u n q s s u - h s i a n g (Confucius' idea of Great Unity in t h e "Evolution of

87

the Rites"), KM TP. 1961, 9/15. UCc UH Y

Chi Cn H HI K LC UC

Responding to 4 c / 3 the writer s a y s that in the Anal e c t s there are ideas about the Great Unity. This chapter, he said, probably r e f l e c t s Confucius' ideas in his later years. 4c/7

Sec. 4d.

WU TSE, Lun K'ung Tzu ti chung-yung s s u - h s i a n g (On Confucius' ideas on the mean), HSYK, 1962, 9.

Confucius: D i s c u s s i o n s On

4d/l

H s i i e h - s h u - c h i e h kuan-yu K'ung Tzu yen-chiu ti c h i chung pu-t'ung i - c h i e n (A. number of conflicting opinions among scholars on the study of Confucius), CHYYC. 1961, 3.

(4d/la)

CH'EN YU-SEN on Confucius' c l a s s nature. The same a s 4 f / 8 .

4d/2

CHU HUO, Wo-kuo hsiieh-che tui K'ung Tzu ti k ' a n - f a (Views of our country's scholars on Confucius), KMTP, 1961, 1 0 / 3 0 . Chi Cn H Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y The scholars emphasize the time in which Confucius l i v e d , his political standpoint, his historical influe n c e , his philosophical i d e a s , the crux of his d o c t r i n e s , and so forth.

4d/3

Shou-tu c h e - h s i i e h - c h i e h c h a n - k ' a i K'ung Tzu che-hsiieh s s u - h s i a n g ti t ' a n - t ' a o (Philosophical circles in the 88

capital extending the investigation and discussion on Confucius' philosophical ideas), KM IP, 1961, 10/30. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y A report on speeches by Kuan Feng, Fung Yu-lan, and others on Confucius' c l a s s standpoint, his ideas of propriety, his doctrine of J e n (humanity), and his ideas of the mandate of Heaven. 4d/4

K'ung Tzu s s u - h s i a n g t ' i - h s i ju-ho (What is Confucius' system of thought?), TKP, Hong Kong, 1961, 10/31. Cn Chi HI K LC UC UCc UCLA UH jMWJ A report on discussions in Peking and Canton, according to which scholars like Yang Jung-kuo and Kuo Mo-jo differed in their interpretations of Confucian doctrines, such a s jen, and a s to whether Confucius w a s idealistic or materialistic.

4d/5

CHIANG, Chung-kuo Che-hsueh Hui ho Pei-ching Chehsueh Hui t ' a o - l u n kuan-yii K'ung Tzu ti p'ing-chia w e n - t ' i (The Chinese Philosophical Society and the Peking Philosophical Society d i s c u s s e d the problem of appraising Confucius), KMJP, 1961, 11/2. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y t i 2 VftirtiH The problems discussed are the various interpretations of jen, the political and social conditions of Spring and Autumn, Confucius and his contemporaries, his world view, and the historical materials and methods for the study of Confucius.

4d/6

T'lEN CHU-CHIEN, Chi-lin Ta-hsueh chu-hsinq p ' i n g chia K'ung Tzu t ' a o - l u n - h u i (Chi-lin University held a discussion meeting to appraise Confucius). KMTP, 1962, 1/27. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y ®A & i tfAftLJ if tip 4: 89

The discussion centered chiefly on the question of the mandate of Heaven. 4d/7

CHIANG TSU-YUAN, Kuang-tunq Shih-hsueh Hui santz'u t'ao-lun K'unq Tzu ssu-hsianq (The Historical Society of Kwangtung three times discussed Confucius' ideas), KMTP, 1962, 2 / 8 . Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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The questions covered are the time in which Confucius lived, his doctrine of jen , and whether he was a progressive or a conservative. His world view is also touched upon. 4d/8

CH'EN HSIAO-YA, Yueh shih-hsueh-chieh chenq-pien K'unq Tzu wen-t'i (Historians of Canton arguing over the problem of Confucius), TKP, Hong Kong, 1962, 2 / 2 7 . Chi Cn HI LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y A report on discussions in January, 1962. Opinions of participants like Yang Jung-kuo and Liu Chieh differed principally on the topics of jen and Heaven.

4d/9

WU HSI-CHAO, Cheng-lun K'unq Tzu ti shih-chieh-kuan wen-t'i (Arguing over the problem of Confucius' world view), YCWP, 1962, 3 / 9 . LC URI WTC

4d/10

Chi-lin hsueh-shu-chieh t'ao-lun K'unq Tzu wen-ti (Scholars in Chi-lin Province discussed the problem of Confucius), MKTP, 1962, 3 / 1 3 . Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UH Y The whole emphasis is on the mandate of Heaven.

4d/ll

SUN CHAN-WEN, Hei-lunq-chianq shih-hsueh-chieh p'inq-chia K'unq Tzu (Historians of Heilungkiang 90

Province appraised Confucius), KMTP, 1962, 5/26. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y ¿ i . tJb vS- t't \ tf VpJL * Concentrating on ien. 4d/12

CHE SHAN, Hsi-wang k u - H a n - y u - h s u e h - c h i a c h ' i - l a i t s ' a n - c h i a K'ung Tzu w e n - t ' i ti t ' a o - l u n (We hope scholars of ancient Chinese will a r i s e and participate in the d i s c u s s i o n s of the problem of Confucius), WSC, 1962, 5.

4d/13

Kuan-yii K'ung Tzu s s u - h s i a n g ti t ' a o - l u n (Discussions on Confucius' i d e a s ) , WSC, 1962, 5.

4d/14

SHEN CHEN, Kuang-tunq h s u e h - s h u chieh t ' a o - l u n K'ung Tzu s s u - h s i a n g ti p'ing-chia w e n - t ' i (Scholars in Kwangtung d i s c u s s e d the problem of appraising Conf u c i u s ' i d e a s ) , JMIP, 1962, 6 / 7 . Chi Cn Col H Ind K LC P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y ¿ - t n t $ & ^ t On the Confucian doctrines of J e n and Heaven and whether he w a s i d e a l i s t i c or materialistic.

4d/l5

Kuang-tung h s u e h - s h u - c h i e h lun K'ung Tzu (Scholars in Kwangtung d i s c u s s e d Confucius), WHP, Hong Kong, 1962, 6/14. H HI LC UCc UH A continuation of 4d/14. The problems were C o n f u c i u s ' world view and how he became a sage for the feudal society.

4d/l6

SHAN-SHIH, Tsai K'ung Tzu ku-hsiang t ' a o - l u n K'ung Tzu (Confucius d i s c u s s e d in his native place), WHP, Hong Kong, 1962, 7/15. H HI LC UCc UH £ tZjfy i i t f p l h J r The d i s c u s s i o n s cover the nature of the period in 91

which Confucius lived, his standpoint, his relation with that of the great ruling family, Chi , and the essence of his doctrines. 4d/17

KUAN FENG, Ts'unq t'ao-lun K'ung Tzu che-hsiieh hsiang-tao i-tien i-chien (An idea occurring to me in the discussion of Confucius' philosophy), HSYK, 1962, 7. Reprinted in B 4 3 / 3 , pp. 165-169. The recommendations are that more attention be devoted to society, history, and textual criticism.

4d/18

Kuan-yu K'ung Tzu ssu-hsiang yen-chiu ho t'ao-lun (On the study and discussions of Confucius' ideas), HSYK. 1962, 7. ¿ f ib

4d/19

Institute for Historical Research, Department of History, Shantung University, I-nien-lai wo-kuo hsiieh-shu chieh kuan-yu K'ung Tzu p'inq-chia wen-t'i ti t'ant'ao (An investigation and discussion on our country's scholars' appraisal of Confucius in the past year), KM TP, 1962, 11/12. Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y - J ^ « *

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The crux of Confucius' ideas, the relationship between Confucius and the Six C l a s s i c s , Confucius' political standpoint, and how the study and the appraisal of Confucius can be further developed. 4d/20

FUNG YU-LAN, Kuan-yu K'ung Tzu t'ao-lun chung ti i-hsieh fang-fa-lun shang ti wen-t'i (On some questions of methodology in the discussion of Confucius), WHP. 1962, 11/13.

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4d/21

Editorial Board of the Hsin chien-she, Ts'unq K'ung Tzu t'ao-lun t'an chi-ch'eng ssu-hsiang i-ch'an wen-t'i (A discussion on the question of continuing the intellectual heritage on the b a s i s of the discussions on Confucius). KMTP. 1963, 1/23. Chi H Ind LC UC U C c U C L A U H Y . Reprinted in HCS, 1963, 1, pp. 1-4. Cn HI K M UC UCLA UH USC W . & % # ^ aa ¿l-3-h ik t-it r flU Criticizing the tendency to modernize Confucius and treat his ideas a s transcending c l a s s distinctions, a s if they were eternal and unchanging.

4d/22

LU CHEN-YU. K'ung Tzu hsiieh-shu t'ao-lun chung ti chi-ko wen-t'i (Several problems in the discussion of Confucius' doctrines), WSC, 1963, 1.

bft-ft 4d/23

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Shan-tung chii-hsinq K'ung Tzu hsiieh-shu t'ao-lun-hui (Discussion meeting on Confucius' doctrines held in Shangtung), CHYC. 1963, 1, pp. 54-57. Chi Cn Col H HI K P UC UCc UCLA UH A report on discussions held November 6-12, 1962, on Confucian doctrines such a s jen (humanity) and mandate of Heaven.

4d/24

Shan-tung t'ao-lun K'ung Tzu (Confucius d i s c u s s e d in Shantung), KMJP, 1963, 8/17. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y Further discussions along the same lines.

4d/25

FUNG YU-LAN, Tsai-t'an kuan-yu K'ung Tzu t'ao-lun chung ti i-hsieh fang-fa-lun shang ti wen-t'i (A further discussion on some questions of methodology in the discussion of Confucius), WHP, 1963, 10/8. 4 A 1 ftik&libj-il&'f iO AQU 93

According to Fung, such ideas a s freedom, equality, and universal love on the part of the capitalist c l a s s are sincere in the beginning. Because of this progressive meaning, they should not be dismissed as something used primarily to cheat the people.

Sec. 4e. 4e/l

Confucius: His Class Standpoint CHAO HSIEN-HSIEN, Lun K'unq Tzu pu tai-piao ti-chu chieh-chi (On Confucius not representing the landlord c l a s s ) , HCS, 1956, 8, pp. 16-22. Cn Col H HI LC UC UH USC W

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A refutation of 4a/3. According to the writer, judging from Confucius' policies of elevating the worthy to the government, of making public all written statutes, and of allowing people to move from place to place, Confucius' political standpoint was opposed to that of the newly arising landlord class. 4e/2

SUNG YU-K'O. K'unq Tzu shih chan-tsai kuei-tsu t'unq chih chieh-chi i-fang-mien ti (Confucius stood on the side of the aristocratic ruling c l a s s ) , TTJP, 1957, 2/23. t>) i L i t r f f « - - * & w

4e/3

CHUNG CHAO-P'ENG, Lueh-lun K'unq Tzu ssu-hsianq ti chieh-chi-hsing (A brief discussion on the c l a s s nature of Confucius' ideas), WSC, 1961, 3. Reprinted in B4/9, pp. 182-195. «^^Ml-J-«®Whereas the Chou-li (Rites of Chou) advocates being kind to one's relatives, promotes elevating the relatives to positions in government, prohibits the 94

rules of propriety in the practice of the common people, emphasizes government by punishment, and c o n f i n e s education to the a r i s t o c r a t s , Confucius promotes kindn e s s to all people, advocates elevating the virtuous or worthy people to positions in government, promotes rules of propriety for the common people, emphasizes government by virtue, and extends education to t h e common people. Therefore, within the framework of the p a s t , Confucius promoted reform. See 4 f / 1 0 a . 4e/4

HSIA CHI-SUNG, K'unq Tzu s s u - h s i a n q ti l i - s h i h yüanyüan ho c h i e h - c h i shih-chih (The historical sources and c l a s s nature of Confucius' i d e a s ) , CHHK, 1961, 9. Reprinted in B4/9, pp. 196-216.

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4h/16

HSIN LAN, K'unq Tzu t s a i t'i-yu fang-mien ti shih-chien ho chu-chanq (Confucius' actual practice and doctrines in the field of athletics), HTY, 1962, 8/6. Chi Cn HI UCc Jf-i. 3Lfr£lf t Confucius' instructions on courage and health, his own a c t i v i t i e s , and his practices of charioteering, archery, musical dance, and walking in the suburbs.

4h/17

LI YIN-NUNG, K'ung Fu-tzu pu tsan-ch'enq t ' i - f a (Confucius did not approve of physical punishment), YCWP, 1962, 9/11. HI LC URI Not only did Confucius disapprove of physical punishment; he considered the body a s belonging to the parents. Furthermore, he said that one should correct one's parents' unrighteous deeds.

4h/18

CH'E TSAI, K'ung Tzu ti "hsueh erh pu yen" (Confucius' "learning untiringly"), iJS^K, 1962, 9. (Referring to the Analects 7:2.)

110

Sec. 4i. 4i/l

Confucius and the Analects CHOU PIN-WU, Lun-yii yen chung ti tz'u (Terms in the sentences of the Analects), HSYK. 1957, 1, pp. 5768. Col HI UC Concerning form and contents.

4i/2

PIEN HSING-CH'ANG, P'inq "Lun-yii yen chunq ti t z ' u " (Criticism of "Terms in the Sentences of the Anal e c t s " ) . HSYK. 1959, 7, pp. 59-66. Col HI LC UC UCc UH

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Attacking 4i/l as illogical and inconsistent. 4i/3

CHAO CHI-PIN, Lun-yii Mo Tzu "wu" tzu chien-shih (A simple explanation of the word "thing" in the Analects and the Mo Tzu), CHYC, 1961, 6. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y Reprinted in B43/ 5, pp. 159- 185.

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Both Confucius and Mo Tzu considered things to have been produced by Heaven. This is religious and idealistic. But in the realm of society and history, Mo Tzu considered "thing" to be a common name of things, economically speaking. In this respect he had certain materialistic elements. 4i/4

WANG CHUNG-LO, Shih-lun Lun-yii Menq Tzu lianq-shu chunq so fan-yinq ti tanq-shih she-hui chinq-chi chih-tu (An attempt to discuss the reflection in the Analects and the Book of Mencius of the social and economic systems in their time), in B4/8, pp. 270283.

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4i/5

YIN P'U, Lun-yii HI UCc URI

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(On the Analects), YCWP, 1962, 1/11.

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A description, e s p e c i a l l y of the origin and development of the book. 4i/6

Sec. 4j.

T'AN CHIA-CHIEN, Tu Lun-yii i - c h u ho Menq Tzu i - c h u (On An Annotated Translation of the Analects and An Annotated Translation of the Book of Mencius), HCS. 1963, 1, pp. 82-86. Cn H HI K LC UC UCLA. UH W %% "it It i f i f "JL * - T F & " A review of B4/ 7 and B5/ 3, strongly recommending them for their popular interpretations and explanations and their colloquial translations.

Confucius and the C l a s s i c s

4j/l

CHANG CHEN-TSE, Ts'ung Kung Tzu tui Shih chinq ti j e n - s h i h ho t ' a i - t u shang k ' a n K'ung Tzu (Confucius viewed from his understanding of and attitude toward the Book of Odes), in B4/8, pp. 254-269. 3k " ft W m f f t ^ - A - M ^ f Confucius w a s progressive b e c a u s e he correctly understood the songs of the people and correctly presented a theory about them, but he w a s inclined to destroy the literature of the c l a s s system. Therefore he w a s reactionary and had s e l f - c o n t r a d i c t i o n s , e s p e c i a l l y in serving the ruling c l a s s .

4j/2

SHIH CH'I, K'ung Tzu w e i - c h ' a n q hsueh I k ' a o (An investigation on the fact that Confucius never studied t h e Book of Changes), HSYK, 1961, 8.

112

4J/3

SHU SHIH-CH'ENG, K'ung Tzu C h ' u n - c h ' i u (Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals), LSYC, 1962, 1, pp. 46-57. Chi Cn Col H HI K LC M UC UCc UH W Y On the principles of the book, h i s view of history, and his position in ancient historiography.

4j/4

LI CHING-CH'UN, K'ung Tzu yu liu-chinq ti k u a n - h s i (Confucius' relation with the Six C l a s s i c s ) , WSC, 1962, 5.

4J/5

KAO HENG and TUNG CHIH-AN, K'ung Tzu yu Chou-i (Confucius and the Book of Changes), WSC, 1962, 6.

Sec. 5.

The Great Learning Mean, f jfc

5/1

TEN CHUAN, Ta-hsvieh l u n - l i s s u - h s i a n g c h ' i e n - t ' a n (A simple investigation on the ethical ideas of t h e Great Learning), CHHK. 1961, 10. A

5/2

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CHENG CH'I-LUNG and WU P'EI-YUAN, Chung-yung ti c h i - p e n s s u - h s i a n g (The fundamental ideas of the Doctrine of the Mean), KM TP, 1961, 11/1. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y D i s c u s s e s the authorship of the book, its ethical d o c t r i n e , i t s view of the u n i v e r s e , and i t s doctrine of e d u cation. The book has both purity and impurity, t h e author s a y s , and should be c r i t i c i z e d , but should be inherited a s part of the legacy of C h i n e s e philosophy. 113

Sec. 6.

Mencius J i -f (372-289 B. C. ?)

6/1

JEN CHI-YU, Menq Tzu (Mencius), CKCN. 1956, 9/16. Chi H HI LC M UC USC W Y £ Mencius' praising of s a g e kings and denouncing of d e s p o t s , his doctrine of laboring with the mind and laboring with physical strength being utilized by the exploiting c l a s s , and the d i f f i c u l t i e s of his doctrine of the goodness of human nature.

6/2

YANG HSIANG-K'UEI, Menq Tzu ti s s u - h s i a n g (Mencius' i d e a s ) , WSC. 1957, 9, pp. 1-56. Cn Col HI LC M UC UCc UH Mencius' ideas are considered to be a s y n t h e s i s of s u b j e c t i v e and objective idealism, and Mencius is said to have advocated rural communes.

6/3

TAI CH'ING-HSIEN, P ' i - p ' a n Meng Tzu ti jen-cheng yu h s i n q - s h a n - s h u o (Criticizing Mencius 1 doctrines of humane government and g o o d n e s s of human nature), HFSFHP, 1960, 5-6.

6/4

Chunq-kuo Ten-min Ta-hsiieh c h e - h s u e h hsi t ' a o - l u n Menq Tzu p'inq-chia w e n - t ' i (The question of a p p r a i s ing Mencius d i s c u s s e d at t h e Department of Philosophy of the Chinese P e o p l e ' s University), KM TP. 1961, 7/28. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH

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A simple report. 6/5

T'ANG I-CHIEH, Menq Tzu ti c h e - h s u e h s s u - h s i a n g (Mencius' philosophical i d e a s ) , HCS, 1961, 7.

114

CH'I YUN, Meng Tzu s s u - h s i a n q shu-p'inq ho t ' a n - y u a n (Tracing the s o u r c e s and a c r i t i c a l account of M e n c i u s ' i d e a s ) . H C S , 1 9 6 1 , 8. £ £ & &

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CH'EN CHENG-YEN, Menq Tzu ti c h i n q - c h i s s u - h s i a n q (Mencius 1 economic i d e a s ) , KM TP, 1 9 6 1 , 9 / 1 1 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Y A comprehensive survey; M e n c i u s ' emphasis on a g r i culture in order to meet the demands of the time. As his economic i d e a s were related to h i s doctrine of human nature, he advocated a constant mind. He stood on the side of a r i s t o c r a t s and the n o b i l i t y , and opposed private ownership by feudal landlords. Kuan-yu Meng Tzu s s u - h s i a n q ti t ' a o - l u n (On the d i s c u s s i o n s of M e n c i u s ' i d e a s ) , JCMJPj 1 9 6 1 , 9 / 1 9 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Y On Mencius 1 political i d e a s , world view, doctrine of human nature, e t h i c a l t e a c h i n g s , and his view of s o c i e t y and history. KUAN FENG, "Ying shu Yen shuo" c h i c h ' i - t ' a (The book of Ying explained in terms of the s t a t e of Yen and so forth), KM TP, 1961, 1 1 / 7 . Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Reprinted in B 4 3 / 3 , pp. 1 9 8 - 2 0 2 . " # £ t f JL* A£J Comment on the quotation from the Han Fei Tzu, Ch. 3 2 , and the Book of M e n c i u s , 5A:4. SUN HSIAO-K'UNG, Meng Tzu ti jen-chari s s u - h s i a n q (Mencius' ideas of humane warfare), KM TP, 1 9 6 1 , 1 2 / 8 . Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC U C c UCLA UH Y On the righteous or unrighteous nature of war, t h e

115

energy and the function of the people, military strategy, and so forth. Mencius' doctrine i s considered to contain the elements of democracy and materialism. 6/11

LI SHIH-FAN, Lun-chenq yen-mi lun-t'i ming-ch'ueh ti Meng Tzu "yii wo so yii yeh" chang (Mencius' chapter, "I Like Fish, " which i s refined in argument and correct in t h e s i s ) , KMJP, 1962, 1/5. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y .... „ According to the writer, the Book of Mencius, 6A:10 i s proved both inductively and deductively.

6/12

PEN LI-JEN, Meng Tzu t'an hsiieh-hsi (Mencius on study), KM TP, 1962, 1/5. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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Mencius denounced pride, s e l f - s a t i s f a c t i o n , and the lack of desire for progress. He taught extensive learning, self-examination, and restraint. Therefore Mencius had unusual insights and his doctrines are useful to us all. 6/13

YIN MING, Meng Tzu (Mencius), CHYYC. 1962, 2.

6/14

WANG PO-HSI, Shih "Ho shih fen chun ho shih fen min" (The sentence, "Whom did I serve who are not my sovereign, and whom do I not command who are not my people?", explained), KMTP, 1962, 3/9. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y A if K" Explaining the Book of Mencius, 5B:1, emphasizing the point that there must be both ruler and people.

6/15

LI YIN-NUNG, Kuan-yu Meng Tzu ti chieh-chi hua-fen 116

lun (On Mencius' theory of c l a s s distinction), HSYC, 1962, 3.

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CHAI YEN-CHIN, Meng Tzu t ' i e n - t a o - k u a n jo-kan w e n t ' i c h ' u - t ' a n (A preliminary investigation of a number of problems concerning Mencius' view of the Way of Heaven), HSYK. 1962, 4. S/i-tr

6/17

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CHAO-K'AI, "Ten chieh k ' o - i wei Yao Shun" ("Everyone can become [ s a g e s ] Yao and Shun"), PCTP, 1962, 6 / 1 3 . LC HI URI A short e s s a y on the Book of M e n c i u s , 6B:2. The t e a c h i n g , according to the writer, helps us to make increasing efforts and also is u s e f u l to us in making friends.

6/18

WANG TE-YU, Meng Tzu s s u - h s i a n g ti c h i e h - c h i s h i h chih (The real nature of Mencius 1 c l a s s i d e a s ) , CHHK, 1962, 9.

6/19

LIU YU-HUANG, Menq Tzu ti cheng-chih k u a n - t i e n ho c h e - h s u e h s s u - h s i a n q (Mencius 1 political viewpoint and philosophical i d e a s ) , CHHK, 1962, 11.

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WU WEN-CHIH, "I i ni chih" pien (The e x p r e s s i o n , "to get to the i d e a s with the mind, " explained), KM TP, 1963, 11/9. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y £ ZiH "AA % Jl £ " ft Referring to Mencius 1 saying in the Book of M e n c i u s , 5A:4, commenting on the Book of O d e s , the writer i n s i s t s that the i d e a s Mencius w a s talking about are t h o s e of the poets. See 6 / 2 1 . 117

6/21

T'ANG LAN, "I i nl chih" pien (The expression, "to get to the ideas with the mind, " explained), KM TP, 1963, 11/16. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y ft

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Refuting 6 / 20 and insisting that the ideas referred to are those of the readers of the poems.

Sec. 7.

Hsiin Tzu i ] ^ (313-238 B. C. ?)

7/1

CHOU FU-CH'ENG. Hsun Tzu ti ien-shih-lun (Hsun Tzu's epistemology), KMTP, 1954, 4 / 7 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Hsiin Tzu's materialistic view of the universe and materialistic epistemology, his emphasis on learning and on experience.

7/2

SHAO HO-T'ING. Hsun Tzu. CHP. 1956, 8 / 2 4 . URI

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A brief account of Hsiin Tzu's life and his doctrines, with special emphasis on his educational ideas. 7/3

CHOU FU-CH'ENG, Hsun Tzu. CKCN, 1956, 11/1. H HI LC M USC W Y

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A short account of Hsiin Tzu's life and his central idea, namely, rules of propriety. Hsiin Tzu's view of nature is considered materialistic. There is also an emphasis on his antireligious attitude and his opposition to following Nature or following the original endowment of man. Nevertheless, Hsiin Tzu did not fail to represent the interests of the landlord c l a s s . 118

CHANG TAI-NIEN, Hsiin Tzu ti w e i - w u - c h u - i s s u - h s i a n g (Hsun Tzu's materialistic ideas), HH, 1957, 1, pp. 5-6. Chi Cn Col HI K UC UCc UH W Hsiin Tzu's materialism is very v a l u a b l e , and he h a s made a great contribution to materialism in affirming the materialistic nature of the universe and the o b j e c tivity of natural laws. Furthermore, he considered the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of things primarily from the materia l i s t i c point of view. LI TE-YUNG, Hsun Tzu ti s s u - h s i a n g (Hsiin Tzu's i d e a s ) , WSC, 1957, 1. Col HI LC UC Reprinted in B2/7, pp. 72-96. Hsiin Tzu's time, his view of the u n i v e r s e , his e p i s temology and logical i d e a s , his theory of human nature, and his social and economic i d e a s . His idea of Heaven is self-contradictory, since Heaven is great or important in Nature but small in the world of man. His doctrine of the rectification of names is intended to serve the landlord c l a s s . His theory of the evil nature of man is progressive, since he opposed the ethical concepts of the aristocratic ruling c l a s s . His social and political ideas reflect the interests of the newly arising feudal landlords. CHANG SHUI-FAN, Hsiin Tzu ti chiao-yii s s u - h s i a n g (Hsiin Tzu's educational ideas), HTSTHP, 1957, 3, pp. 87-100. LC Hsun Tzu's chief a c t i v i t i e s , the starting point of his educational i d e a s , his glorious conclusions on the question of the function of education, and his i d e a s about the goal and methods of education. WU WEN, Hsiin Tzu shih Chung-kuo f e n g - c h i e n - c h u - i s s u - h s i a n g ti k ' a i - s h a n - c h e ma (Was Hsiin Tzu the 119

pioneer of Chinese feudalistic thought?), CHYC, 1 9 5 7 , 4 . PP. 136-145. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y \ I* After explaining that idealism and materialism come in many forms, the writer s t a t e s that Lao Tzu w a s definitely i d e a l i s t i c , but believes this fact should not prevent the people in China today from tending toward materialism.

10b/9

CH'EN MENG-LIN, Kuan-yii Lao Tzu tao ti k a i - n i e n (On Lao Tzu's concept of Tao), HSYK, 1958, 5, pp. 65-66. Col H HI LC UC UCc UH Y To the writer, Lao Tzu's Tao is materialistic and the book w a s written after Confucius' time.

10b/10

KUAN FENG and LIN YU-SHIH, Lun Lao Tzu c h e - h s u e h t ' i - h s i ti w e i - h s l n - c h u - i pen-chih (On the f u n d a mental, i d e a l i s t i c nature of Lao Tzu's system of philosophy), CHYC, 1959, 6. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y Reprinted in B2/19, pp. 274330, and B10/8, pp. 176-227. An attempt to prove from the epistemology, methodology, and the view of the Way of Heaven of Lao Tzu that Tao is an absolute spirit and that Lao Tzu's view of the universe is objective idealism. A criticism of 10a/11. See a l s o 10b/12 and 10b/13.

139

10b/11

CHOU CHIEN-JEN, Lao T z u t i t a o shih wei-wu-chu-i huanshih wei-hsin-chu-i (Is Lao Tzu's Tao materialism or idealism?), KM TP. 1959, 6/29. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC U C c U H U S C Reprinted in B10/8, pp. 298-302. The conclusion i s that Lao Tzu's view of the universe i s idealistic and that his view of society i s a theory of retrogression. See 10b/18.

10b/12

JEN CHI-YU, Lun Lao Tzu che-hsiieh ti wei-wu-chu-i pen chih (On the fundamental, idealistic nature of Lao Tzu's philosophy), CHYC, 1959, 7. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M UC UCc UH W Y Reprinted in B10/8, pp. 28-47. A reply to 10b/10. The writer holds the view that Tao i s materialistic and contains its own definite laws. See 10b/22.

10b/13

CHAN CHIEN-FENG, Lao Tzu ti tao chi-shih chiieh-tui chinq-shen ma (Is Lao Tzu's Tao the Absolute Spirit?), LLCH, 1959, 8. Chi HI LC Reprinted in B10/8, pp. 154-161.

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A response to 10b/10. Absolute Spirit.

Doubts the view that Tao is

10b/14

FUNG YU-LAN on Tao, WHP, 1959, 9/1.

10b/15

T'ANG I-CHIEH, Lao Tzu yu-chou-kuan ti wei-wu-chu-i pen-chih (The fundamental, materialistic nature of Lao Tzu's view of the universe), i n B l / 1 3 , pp. 7996, and B10/8, pp. 134-153. Holds the view that Tao i s a collective name of the material world and i s not a spiritual reality opposed to the myriad things nor is it something that transcends s p a c e or time. 140

10b/16

HU CH'U-YUAN, Lun Lao Tzu ti tao (On Lao Tzu's Tao), FT, 1959, 10. Reprinted in B10/8, pp. 162-175. The writer believes that Tao i s materialistic but that at the end Lao Tzu degenerated into idealism.

10b/17

CHOU CHIEN-JEN, Lao Tzu ssu-hsianq chen-ti-shih wei-wu-chu-i ti ma (Are Lao Tzu's ideas really mater i a l i s t i c ? ) , CHYC, 1959, 11-12. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y

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CHOU CHIEN-JEN, Ts'unq lun ch'u-pieh wei-hsin s s u hsianq yu wei-wu ssu-hsianq ti wen-t'i chiang-tao Lao Tzu ssu-hsiang shih wei-hsin-chu-i ti (From the d i s c u s s i o n on the question of distinguishing idealistic thought and materialistic thought the conclusion is drawn that Lao Tzu's ideas are i d e a l i s t i c ) , KMJP, 1959, 12/6. Chi Cn H HI K LC UCc UH

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A supplement to 10b/11. Not only i s Lao Tzu regarded a s an idealist; he is criticized a s being reactionary, a s opposing wisdom, a s renouncing des i r e s , a s antagonistic toward human effort, and a s being antipolitical. 10b/19

P'ANG P'U, Lao Tzu ti p'u-su ti pien-chenq-fa s s u hsianq (Lao Tzu's primitive dialectic i d e a s ) , KM TP. 1959, 12/27. Chi Cn H HI K LC UCc UH USC

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On Lao Tzu's c l a s s nature; his view of the universe; his dialectic methods, such a s relativism and a b s o lutism, taking no action, opposition, glorification of 141

weakness, and so on. The writer thinks that, a l though the dialectic method of Lao Tzu has historical and c l a s s weaknesses, it is a glorious and worthy thing. 10b/20

JEN CHI-YU, Ch'un-ch'iu shih-tai t'ien-wen-hsueh ho Lao Tzu ti wei-hsin-chu-i ssu-hsianq (Astronomy in the Spring and Autumn period and Lao Tzu's idealistic ideas), PCTHHP, 1959, 4, pp. 9-16. Cn Col HI UC UCc UH W AAtt-jfc ft^if ^ £ # The writer claims that there is a definite connection between Lab Tzu's materialism and the science of astronomy at his time. The model (shih ) referred to in Ch. 28 of the Lao Tzu, for example, was an astronomical instrument.

10b/21

CHOU CHIEN-JEN, Kuan-yu Lao Tzu tao ti wen-t'i chichu pu-ch'ung (Some supplementary remarks concerning the question of Lao Tzu's Tao), KM TP, 1960, 11/15. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH

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Lao Tzu's ideas are objective idealism. Lao Tzu was a reactionary thinker who took a negative attitude in resisting oppression and wanted to return to primitive ideas; he is therefore harmful today in our reconstruction of society. 1 Ob/22

KUAN FENG and LIN YU-SHIH, "Tao chih wei wu" vii-fa i-pien (A.n explanation of the expression "the thing that is called Tao"), KM TP, 1961, 6/27. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH W

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A criticism of 10b/12. Using many examples, the writers attempt to show that wei % should not be interpreted as " is called" but as "to do," that i s , to act on things. The expression quoted is from the Lao Tzu. Ch. 21. See 10b/23. 142

10b/23

KUAN HSIEH-CH'U, AO CHING-HAO, WANG K'O-CHUNG, and LIU CH'ANG-KUEI, "Tao chih wei wu" y u - f a chieh-kou ti f e n - h s i (An a n a l y s i s of the structure of the expression, "the thing that i s called Tao"), KM TP. 1961, 7 / 6 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH W

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Refuting 10b/22. 10b/24

FUNGYU-LAN, Lao Tzu e r h - s h i h - i chang chieh (Chapter 21 of the Lao Tzu explained). KM IP, 1961, 7 / 2 5 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC USC W Reprinted in B39/5, pp. 248-252.

'4 t i t i f ^ t ' i ^ Fung's idea is that Tad has no anthropomorphic character but has the same nature a s things. See 10b/ 27. 1 Ob/25

CH'EN TAO-CHANG, Ts'ung t z u - j a n k ' o - h s u e h chueh-tu k ' a n Lao Tzu c h e - h s u e h chung ti tao (Tao in the philosophy of Lao Tzu viewed from the angle of natural s c i e n c e ) , KMTP. 1961, 8/11. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH W Y k ^ u . u o ^vy u»» u u ^ w v u . ^ ^nd Tao a s atomic. Lao Tzu's ideas oppose the rulers and r e l i gious authority and lead people toward the natural principles of physical phenomena. See 1 0 b / 2 7 , 10b/29.

10b/26

LIU YU-HUANG, Shih-lun Lao Tzu ti p e n - t ' i - l u n ho pien-cheng f a n g - f a (An attempt at d i s c u s s i n g Lao Tzu's ontology and dialectic method), CHHK, 1961, 8.

1 Ob/27 KUAN FENG and LIN YU-SHIH, T a o - t e chinq chung ti tao ho wu ti k u a n - h s i (The relation between Tao and things in the C l a s s i c of the Way and Its Virtue), KMJP, 1961, 9/11. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC USC UH W Reprinted in B2/19, pp. 38-77. ^ # H && & f W 'A' Î* W tt £ £ 143

A response to 10b/24 and 10b/25. The authors hold the view that Tao i s the producer, while things are products. 10b/28

CHAO CHI-PIN, Ts'ung Lao Tzu wu-tzu k'an Lao Tzu che-hsueh (The philosophy of the Lao Tzu examined on the b a s i s of the word "thing" in it), KM TP, 1961, 10/4. Chi Cn H HI Ind K L C M U C UCc UCLA UH USC W Y Reprinted in B43/4, pp. 133-158. According to the author, the real thing cannot be interpreted in such a way a s to prove Lao Tzu's materialism, nor can it be interpreted to overthrow its idealism. The Tao i s somewhat like the principle in Fung Yu-lan's Rational Philosophy, and therefore it can only reflect the position of the slaveowning aristocrats, which i s the position of realism.

10b/29

CHANG TZU-SUNG, Lao Tzu che-hsueh chunq ti tao shih yiian-tzu ma (Is Tao in Lao Tzu's philosophy an atom?). KMTP. 1961, 10/20. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y

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The atom can be understood only by the intellect. Lao Tzu's atomism i s mechanistic and intuitive, whereas modern atomism i s scientific and experimental. The two should not be confused. A criticism of 10b/25. 10b/30

JEN CHI-YU, Lao Tzu ti p'u-su pien-chenq-fa s s u - h s i a n g (Lao Tzu's primitive dialectic ideas), CHYYC, 1962, 2. 4 >

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SHIH CH'ANG-TUNG and P'AN FU-EN, Lun Lao Tzu tao ti hsueh-shuo (On Lao Tzu's theory of Tao), WSC, 1962, 4.

144

10b/32

CHIANG K'O-YU, Ch'inq t'an Lao Tzu erh-shih-i chanq tsui-hou i-chu hua ti fan-i wen-t'i (Let's talk about the problem of translating the l a s t sentence in Ch. 11 of the Lao Tzu). KMTP. 1963, 4/12. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y

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Interprets the chapter to mean that what i s real i s beneficial to people and what i s unreal is a l s o useful. 1Ob/33

JEN CHI-YU, Tu-kuo Lao Tzu shih wei-wu-chu-i-che (If Lao Tzu w a s a materialist), CHYC, 1963, 6, pp. 68-71. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UH W Y A response to 29/31. Both Lao Tzu and Wang Fu-chih were materialists. It i s not strange that Wang should criticize Lao Tzu. In the history of materialism many materialists criticized each other. This does not deny the fact that, in the history of philosophy, idealism and materialism are always engaged in struggle.

Sec. 11. 11/1

Chuanq Tzu ¿fcfc.

(b. 369 B. C. ?)

JEN CHI-YU, Chuanq Tzu. CKCN, 1956, 10/1. HI LC M UC UCc W Y

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Chuang Tzu the man, his dialectic method, his view of the objective world, and his important position in the history of philosophy and literature. 11/2

, Chuanq Tzu ti wei-wu-chu-i shih-chieh-kuan (Chuang Tzu's materialistic world view), HCS, 1957, 1. Cn Col HI LC UC UH USC W Y Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 160-177. A'*£ 3- ^ 145

The philosophy of Chuang Tzu i s interpreted a s materialism because of his ideas of the transformation of things, the relativism and skepticism in his e p i s t e mology, his refusal to believe in spirits, his antireligious sentiment, and his fundamentally materiali s t i c view of the universe. 11/3

SHIH CH'I, Chin-pen Chuang Tzu "Chih-lo" p'ien chih hsi-hsiin k'ao-pien (An investigation and explanation of the ancient meanings of the "Perfect Happiness" chapter in the present text of the Chuang Tzu), HTSTHP. 1957, 3.

11/4

YANG HSIANG-K'UEI, Chuang Tzu ti ssu-hsianq (Chuang Tzu's i d e a s ) , WSC, 1957, 8. Cn Col HI UC Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 329-330. On Chuang Tzu's life, his doctrines of Tao, things, and material force, his epistemology, his view of l i f e , his political i d e a s , and his tendency toward idealism.

11/5

T'AN CHIEH-FU, Hsien-ts'un Chuang Tzu " T ' i e n - h s i a " p'ien ti yen-chiu (A. study of the "The World" chapter in the existing version of the Chuang Tzu), in B l / 1 3 , pp. 50-78. After pointing out the difference between this chapter and the seven "inner chapters, " the writer shows that this chapter contains elements of the Huai-nan Tzu y%tip-J-and Hui Shih (380-305 B. C . ) .

11/6

KUAN FENG, Chuang Tzu che-hsiieh p'i-p'an (A criticism of Chuang Tzu's philosophy), CHYC, 1960, 7-8. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UCc UH W Y Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 1-60. 146

On the pessimism and nihilism of the subjectivism and idealism of Chuang Tzu's system of thought. Chuang Tzu is described a s a degenerating, r e a c t i o n ary philosopher. See 1 1 / 2 8 . 11/7

FUNG YU-LAN, 1961, 2 / 26. UCLA UH W B 3 9 / 5 , pp.

Lun Chuang Tzu (On Chuang Tzu), JMTP, Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC P UC UCc Y Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 115-128, and in 291-305.

Chuang Tzu's philosophy is described here a s something that should be c a s t away. Criticizing the first two chapters of the Chuang Tzu, e s p e c i a l l y his philosophy of l i f e from the point of view of s u b j e c t i v e i d e a l i s m , Fung s a y s that there can be no struggle in Chuang Tzu's doctrine of taking no action or his t h e ory of equalizing l i f e and death. His idea is but an imaginary Utopia. 11/8

JEN CHI-YU, Chuang Tzu t'an-yuan—ts'ung w e i - w u c h i - i ti Chuang Chou tao w e i - h s i n - c h u - i ti h o u - c h ' i Chuang hsueh (Tracing the source of Chuang Tzu— from the Chuang Tzu of materialism to the idealism in the later period of Chuang Tzu's system of thought), CHYC. 1961, 2. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P UC UCc UH W Y Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 178-209. The t h e s i s is that the philosophy of Chuang Tzu is fundamentally materialistic but i t s w e a k n e s s e s have allowed idealism to creep in. See 11/15, 11/20, 11/22.

11/9

KUAN FENG, Chuang Tzu w a i - t s a p'ien c h ' u - t ' a n (A preliminary investigation on the outer and miscellaneous chapters of the Chuang Tzul CHYC, 1961, 2. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P UC UCc UH W Y Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 61-98.

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Concludes that the "inner chapters" were written by 147

Chuang Tzu himself. The other chapters are divided by the writer into several groups, each of which, he thought, w a s written by followers of certain Taoist schools. 11/10

KO FENG, Chuang Tzu che-hsiieh h s i a n g - t u i - c h u - i ti s h i h - c h i h (The real nature of relativism in Chuang Tzu's philosophy), KM TP, 1961, 3/17. Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UCLA USC W Y Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 322-328. D i s c u s s e s the real nature of Chuang Tzu's r e l a t i v i s t i c idealism. Chuang Tzu is thought to r e p r e s e n t t h e declining slave-owning a r i s t o c r a t s and therefore w a s reactionary and must be severely criticized.

11/11

FUNG YU-LAN, Tsai-lun Chuang Tzu (A second t r e a t i s e on the Chuang Tzu). CHYC , 1961, 3. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P UCc UH W Y Reprinted in Bll/ 6, pp. 129-146, and B39/ 5, pp. 306-325. Essentially on the authorship of the various chapters of the Chuang Tzu. See 11/ 21.

11/12

CH'EN K'O-MING, Kuan-yii Chuang Tzu che-hsiieh s s u hsiang ti yen-chiu (A. study of Chuang Tzu's philosophical i d e a s ) , KMTP. 1961, 4 / 1 8 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UH

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A study of the authorship and period of the Chuang Tzu, an a n a l y s i s of Chuang Tzu's i d e a s , and comments on various writers' d i s c u s s i o n s on Chuang Tzu's philosophy. 11/13

Tsen-yang k ' a n - t a i Chuang Tzu ho Chuang Chou c h e hsiieh (How to treat the Chuang Tzu and Chuang Tzu's philosophy), TMIP, 1961, 5/9. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y 148

A summary of various writers' opinions on Chuang Tzu, which chapters of the Chuang Tzu were most representative of Chuang Tzu's i d e a s , whether Chuang Tzu w a s idealistic or materialistic, whether his method was dialectic or merely sophistic, and Chuang Tzu's influence in history. 11/14

WANG NAN, Che-hsueh-chia yii kou (The philosopher, the f i s h , and the dog), KM TP. 1961, 5/19. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Man knows the happiness of other creatures, according to the Chuang_Tzu, Ch. 17. See 11/26.

11/15

CHANG TE-CHUN, Chuang Tzu nei-p'ien shih Hsi-Han ch'u jen ti chu-tso ma (Are the "inner chapters" of the Chuang Tzu works of people of the early period of the Western Han Dynasty?), CHYC, 1961, 5. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P UC UCc UH W Y Reprinted in B11/6, pp. 245-283. A refutation of 11/8 on many literary and historical grounds.

11/16

YANG JUNG-KUO, Chuang Tzu ssu-hsiang t'an-wei (Chuang Tzu's ideas explained), CHYC, 1961, 5, pp. 32-39. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P UC UCc UH WY Contends that Ch. 33 of the Chuang Tzu is based on the seven "inner chapters" and therefore cannot be overlooked in the study of Chuang Tzu.

1/17

KUAN FENG, Chuang Tzu " H s i a o - v a o - y u " chieh-p'ou (A.n a n a l y s i s of the "Leisurely Excursion" chapter of the Chuang Tzu), i n B l l / 4 , pp. 77-93. Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 99-114. 149

This first chapter of the three s e c t i o n s , the first into seven paragraphs. of each p a s s a g e . There tions. 11/18

WU TSE-YU, "Chuanq Tzu n e i - p i e n i - c h i e h ho p ' i - p ' a n " tu-hou chi (After reading the Inner Chapters of the Chuang Tzu Translated. Explained, and Criticized), CHYC . 6, pp. 40-48. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind L C M P UC UCc UH W Y

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11/19

Chuanq Tzu is divided into of which is further divided There is a lengthy a n a l y s i s are a l s o some literal correc-

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Considers B11/4 to be a creative work but points out certain minor mistakes. JEN CHUAN, Lao-Chuang ti "wu-wei erh chih" (Lao Tzu's and Chuang Tzu's "government through taking no a c tion"), KM TP. 1961, 7/28. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH

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Considers the Taoist doctrine to be reactionary and negative in c l a s s struggle. 11/20

TEN CHI-YU. Chuanq Tzu t ' a n - y u a n chih erh (Second t r e a t i s e tracing the sources of the Chuanq Tzu), KM TP. 1961, 8/25. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Y Reprinted in B11/6, pp. 210-227. A supplement to 11/8, defending his original t h e s i s . See 11/21, 11/22.

11/21

Kuan-yu Chuang Tzu c h e - h s u e h s s u - h s i a n g ti t ' a o - l u n (Concerning the d i s c u s s i o n s of Chuang-Tzu's philosophical i d e a s ) . TMTP. 1961, 9/7. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W A brief summary of 11/11 and 11/20. 150

11/22

YANG YUAN, Chuanq Tzu "Kenq-sanq Ch'u" p'ien i - c h i e h (An explanation of the chapter "Keng-sang Ch'u" in the Chuanq Tzu). KM TP. 1961, 9/8. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Y Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 318-321. Maintains that Ch. 23 i s full of mysticism and c a n not be looked upon a s materialistic epistemology, a s it is in 11/8 and 11/20.

11/23

JEN CHI-YU, Chuanq Tzu t ' a n - y u a n chih san (Third t r e a t i s e tracing the sources of the Chuang Tzu), PCTHHP, 1961, 5. Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 228244. Believes that Chuang Tzu's ideas reflect those of the p e a s a n t and the small producer.

11/24

KUAN FENG, Hsiin-ku c h a - c h i (Notes on explaining t e x t s i KM TP. 1961, 12/11. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UH Y. Reprinted in B 4 3 / 3 , pp. 192-197. ^ ^| n to %tj An a n a l y s i s of Ch. 2 of the Chuanq Tzu.

11/25

CHANG HSIN-CH'ENG, Chuanq Tzu "Tao-chih" p'ien t ' a n - s o (An investigation on the chapter "Robber Chih" in the Chuanq Tzu). KMTP. 1961, 12/15. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UH Y From the five a s p e c t s of school a f f i l i a t i o n , i d e a s , the t i t l e , the method of conversation, and the period, the writer decides that Ch. 29 of the Chuanq Tzu is the product of t h e latter part of the Warring States period.

11/26

A-T'ANG, Chuanq Tzu a n - c h i h yu chih lo (How did Chuang Tzu know the happiness of the f i s h ? ) , KMTP, 1961, 12/22. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA. Y

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Commenting on 11/14, the writer s a y s that Chuang 151

Tzu claimed that the fish i s happy because he spoke primarily from the idealistic standpoint and with the method of sophistry. 11/27

CHANG P'EI, Man-t'an Chuanq Tzu ti lo-chi ssu-hsianq (A. random discussion on Chuang Tzu's logical i d e a s ) , YCWP. 1961, 12/28. HI UCc URI Considers Chuang Tzu's logic to be antilogical, compromising sophistry, and the product of the declining slave-owning c l a s s , who were bankrupt and therefore became pessimistic.

11/28

FUNG YU-LAN, San-lun Chuang Tzu (Third treatise on Chuang Tzu), PCTHHP, 1961, 4. Reprinted in B l l / 6 , pp. 147-159, and B39/5, pp. 326-339. Commenting on 11/6, Fung s a y s that Chuang Tzu's ideas of Tao, the s a g e , relativity, and so on, are but opiates of feudal lords designed to fool the people; therefore his philosophy must be criticized.

11/29

CHANG HSIN-CH'ENG. T'an-t'an chien-pieh Chuanq Tzu ti piao-chun (A discussion on the standard of discriminating the ChuangJTzu), KMJP, 1962, 3/16. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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On whether Chuang Tzu w a s the author of the book. 11/30

KAO HENG, Shih-shuo Chuanq Tzu ti ch'i-wu (An attempt to d i s c u s s Chuang Tzu's doctrine of the equalization of things), WSC, 1962, 4.

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LU CH'IN, Chuanq Tzu wu-wei shih-chieh (An attempt at explaining Chuang Tzu's doctrine of taking no action), KMJP, 1962, 8/10. Cn H HI IndLCUC UCc UCLA UH Y

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152

This doctrine has two a s p e c t s . On the one hand, it means nonco-operation with the autocratic rulers; this is progressive. On the other hand, it means n o n r e s i s t a n c e to rulers; this i s reactionary. 11/32

. Tui Chuanq Tzu " C h ' i u - s h u i " ti c h i - t i e n l i - c h i e h (Some explanations of the "Autumn Flood" chapter in the Chuanq Tzu). KM TP, 1962, 9/14. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y A -f J-K" .1 It Af Ch. 17 of the Chuanq Tzu must be understood clearly. The b a s i c idea here i s that knowledge is objective and unlimited, that things are perpetually in the process of transformation, that one should not look at things from a limited point of view, and that things transform t h e m s e l v e s . See 11/ 33.

11/33

CHUANG ANG, Yeh-t'an " C h ' i u - s h u i " (I a l s o talk about the chapter "Autumn Flood"), KM TP, 1962, 12/28. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y £ ik Comment on 11/32. The writer b e l i e v e s that Chuang Tzu's epistemology is relativistic and genuine a g n o s ticism. Furthermore, Chuang Tzu's philosophy of l i f e is negative.

11/34

T'ANG I-CHIEH, Kuan-yu Chuang Tzu c h e - h s u e h s s u hsiang ti c h i - k o w e n - t ' i (Concerning several problems about Chuang Tzu's philosophical ideas). In B l l / 6 , pp. 298-317. The special characteristics of Chuang Tzu's idealism, his theory of relativity and the a b s o l u t e , his a g n o s t i c i s m , and his ideas reflecting those of the f e u d a l i s t s ruling c l a s s .

11/35

CHOU CHEN-FU. Chuanq Tzu ti lianq t s e yii-yen (Two

153

parables from the Chuang Tzu), KMTP. 1963, 10/8. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y % fi Ji-h-V-QJ® J'J % % U s e s the two parables from Ch. 2 and Ch. 17 to show that Chuang Tzu employed parables to show the understanding of principles.

Sec. 12.

Mo Tzu I -5- (468-376 B. C. ?)

12/1

CHANG TAI-NIEN, Mo Tzu ti chieh-chi li-ch'anq yu chunq-hsin s s u - h s i a n g (Mo Tzu's c l a s s standpoint and central i d e a s ) , KMJP, 1954, 3/24. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH & & j1 - -J-fc-J?f UL i. 4 -Jh * Ai * & The central idea l i e s in the promotion of benefits for the people for the s a k e of defending the interests of the f e u d a l i s t i c c l a s s .

12/2

FUNGYU-LAN. Mo Tzu. CKCN. 1956, 8 / 1 . Chi H HI LC M USC W Y 7k At & * A simple introduction on Mo Tzu's l i f e , works, his school, and the organization of the M o i s t s . Special emphasis i s given to the "three t e x t s " and the doctrine of universal love.

12/3

CHAN CHIEN-FENG, Kuan-yu Mo-chia ho Mo-pien-che ti p ' i - p ' a n wen-t'i (Concerning the question of criticizing the M o i s t School and the N e o - M o i s t s ) , HSYK, 1957, 4, pp. 14-17. Col HI LC UC

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A ^ * & & H flH A criticism of B2/3b. The writer f e e l s that Kuo M o - j o has a s p e c i a l d i s l i k e for the Moist School and ignores the accomplishments of the N e o - M o i s t s . 154

12/4

YANG HSIANG-K'UEI, Mo Tzu ti s s u - h s l a n q yu M o - c h e c h i - t ' u a n (Mo Tzu's ideas and the Moist group), WCH, 1958, 3, pp. 11-18. Cn Col H HI LC UC UCc UH Mo Tzu's l i f e , his religious thought, political i d e a s , epistemology and method of knowledge, logical i d e a s , and the M o i s t s ' organization.

12/5

KAO HENG, Mo chinq chung i - k o l o - c h i kuei-lu (A. logical law in the Moist Canon), STTHHP, 1958, 4. Reprinted in B2/7, pp. 56-71. h \ l i f f f>9-4/gM ft *l The law i s explained with the aid of fourteen examples. The writer says that the Moists established logic in order to solve the problems of society and the government, a s well a s intellectual problems.

12/6

LI CHING-CH 1 UN, Mo ching p i e n - l u n - s h u ti i - k o w e n t ' i (A question about the method of debate in the Moist Canon), CHYC. 1958, 8, pp. 56-60. Cn Col H HI P UC UCc UH W Pointing out the logical errors in B12/5 and B12/6.

12/7

CHAO CHI-PIN, Mo Tzu tui K'unq-men l o - c h i s s u - h s i a n g ti p ' i - p ' a n c h i - c h ' e n g ho f a - c h a n (Mo Tzu's criticism, continuation, and development of the logical ideas of the Confucian School). WSC, 1961, 1-2. Reprinted in B43/5, pp. 265-304.

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The "glory" of Moist concepts and the superiority of Mo Tzu's rectification of names and deductive method over those of the Confucian School. 12/8

HSU HUNG-HUI, Mo Tzu "i shui chiu huo" i - p i e n (An explanation of the expression "to overcome fire with water" in the Mo Tzu), KMTP, 1961, 4/28. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH 155

-3- "a A / K ^ c - x " - m Maintains that the expression should be read "to overcome fire with water. " A d i s c u s s i o n on textual matters. See 12/9. The quotation comes from Ch. 16 of the Mo Tzu. 12/9

KU-TAI, W e i - s h e n - m e " f e i - i e n - c h e p i - y u - i i - c h i h " (Why the expression "If not for man, a thing will be changed"?), KMTP. 1961, 5 / 23. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH W Reprinted in B 4 3 / 3 , pp. 216-221. A refutation of 12/ 8. 16 of the Mo Tzu.

The quotation comes from Ch.

(12/9a)

CHAO CHI-PIN on the word "thing" in the Mo Tzu. See 4 i / 3 .

12/10

CHIN CHUNG, Mo Tzu ti mi-hsueh kuan-tien ho "Feiyiieh" (Mo Tzu's a e s t h e t i c standpoint and the chapter "Condemnation of Musical Activities"), KMJP, 1961, 7 / 7 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc

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Referring to Ch. 32 of the Mo Tzu. The writer b e l i e v e s that Mo Tzu contains an element of primitive materialism, but it r e f l e c t s the fact that at the time of grave social changes a r t i s a n s , p e a s a n t s , and small owners merely wanted comfortable and contented l i v ing. Hence, Mo Tzu had certain historical limitations. See 12/14 and 12/15. 12/11

YANG KENG-CHIEN, T ' a n - t ' a n Mo Tzu ti c h i e h - c h i c h ' e n a - f e n (A d i s c u s s i o n on Mo Tzu's c l a s s element), KMTP, 1961, 11/10. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y 4 m & a tA i - 4- ft 8 1 & ^ The writer thinks that Mo Tzu w a s an artisan in a rural village, a carpenter. 156

12/12

CHUNG LEI, Mo Tzu "Fei-kung" " C h i e n - a i " ti fan-tung shlh-chih (The r e a l , reactionary nature of the c h a p ters "Condemnation of War" and "Universal Love" in the Mo Tzu), KTMP, 1961, 12/1. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y

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A -If The writer believes that Mo Tzu's condemnation of war w a s to preserve private property and his doctrine of universal love w a s to resolve c l a s s conflicts in order to protect the empire for its ruler. 12/13

WANG MING, "Ts'ung Mo Tzu tao T ' a i - p ' i n q ching ti s s u - h s i a n q yen-pien (The evolution of thought from the Mo Tzu to the C l a s s i c of Great Peace), KM TP, 1961, 12/1. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y . , ^ y ^ f . 4a^t & & & The development from the idea of mutual aid in the Mo Tzu to the anti-exploitation and a n t i - p r i v a t e property attitudes in the second century A. D.

12/14

LI CH'UN-I, Mo Tzu "Fei-yueh" l i - l u n ti i - h s i e h w e n - t ' i (Some questions about the theories in the chapter "Condemnation of Musical Activities" in the Mo Tzu), KM TP, 1961, 12/15. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y A criticism of 12/10. According to the writer, Mo Tzu's mistake lay in his inability to understand the special c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the art of music, and not in his wrong evaluation of music in social a c t i v i t i e s .

12/15

CHANG TE-HUNG, Mo Tzu ti "Fei-kung" " C h i e n - a i " shih fan-tung ti ma (Are the chapters "Condemnation of War" and "Universal Love" in the Mo Tzu r e a c t i o n ary?), KM TP, 1962, 1/26. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y . v

157

Also a criticism of 12/10. It is contended that Mo Tzu's doctrines a c t u a l l y reflected the difficult conditions of the laboring c l a s s and had a constructive and beneficial e f f e c t on the people. 12/16

LU LI-CHO, Ts'ung "Kung-shu" t ' a n - c h ' i (A d i s c u s s i o n arising out of the chapter "Kung-shu"), KMTP. 1962, 1/26. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y

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In order to understand this chapter, i. e. , Ch. 50 of the Mo Tzu, it is s a i d , it must be approached from the points of view of d i a l e c t i c materialism and h i s torical materialism. 12/17

JEN CHI-YU, Mo Tzu s h e n g - t s u nien c h i e n - k ' a o (A simple investigation on Mo Tzu's years of birth and death), WSC. 1962, 2.

12/18

WANG MING, Mo Tzu, CHYYC. 1962, 4.

12/19

LI SHIH-FAN, Mo Tzu "Fei-kung shang" ti l o - c h i 11liang (The logical force of the chapter "Condemnation of War, Pt. I" in the Mo Tzu), KMTP, 1962, 6 / 1 5 . Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y This chapter is regarded a s a criticism and a satire. It is believed that it w a s intended to expose the r u l ing c l a s s whose demands were inconsistent with those of the people.

12/20

YEH MANG, Mo ching chunq ti kuanq-hstfeh c h i h - s h i h (The knowledge of optics in the Moist Canon), KMTP, 1962, 9/4. Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y

158

The conclusion i s drawn that the Moist Canon emphas i z e s practice and scientific experience. 12/21

SHEN YU-TING, Mo ching lun shu (The Moist Canon on number), KMTP, 1962, 10/5. Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y

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A reference to Ch. 40. The viewpoint here i s considered a s metaphysical idealism. 12/22

CH'EN CHENG-YEN, Kuan-yii Mo-chia ti chinq-chi s s u hsianq (On the economic ideas of the Moist School), HSYK, 1962, 12.

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LIU CHIEH, Mo Tzu ti chien-ai ho shih-li ssu-hsianq (Mo Tzu's doctrine of universal love and utilitarian i d e a s ) , HSYC. 1963, 1. #] f

(12/23a) CH'E TSAI on the c l a s s nature of Moist thought. See 4e/14. 12/24

SUN CHUNG-YUAN, Mo-chia " s h a - t a o fei s h a - j e n " ti ming-t'i pu-shih kuei-pien (The t h e s i s that "to kill a robber i s not to kill a man" in the Moist School i s not sophistry), KMTP. 1963, 11/1. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y %%% z a - v ¿fM a ^ f The quotation i s from Ch. 45 of the Mo Tzu. The contention here i s that to kill for the defense of the people is not murder.

(12/24a) CHAO CHI-PIN on the c l a s s nature of the opposition between the Confucian and Moist Schools. See 4e/15.

159

12/25

CHAP CHI-PIN. Lun Mo Tzu " F e i - y u e h " ti ching-chi ssu-hsianq (On the economic ideas of the chapter "Condemnation of Musical Activities" in the Mo Tzu), HCH, 1948, 8. Reprinted in B 4 3 / 5 , pp. 46-61. To the writer, the e s s e n c e of Mo Tzu's economic thought is found in this chapter, which advocates productive labor.

Sec. 13/1

13.

The School of Logicians 4i FUNG YU-LAN, Kuan-yil Hui Shih shih-shih ti i - h s i a n g t z u - l i a o (A. piece of material concerning Hui Shih's [ 3 8 0 - 3 0 5 B. C. ?] ten paradoxes), KMJP, 1962, 4 / 7 . Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y

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In Fung's opinion, the ten paradoxes mentioned in Ch. 33 of the Chuang Tzu are related to Bk. 13, s e c . 1, of the Lii-shih c h ' u n - c h ' i u I K k - f c . (Mr. Lii's Spring and Autumn annals). The latter may possibly be the introduction to Hui Shih's theory of things. 13/2

P'ANG P'U, "Pai-ma lun" i - k ' a n (The " E s s a y on the White Horse" collated), KM TP, 1962, 7 / 1 3 . Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y 4l*f U New puncutation and collation of Ch. 2 of the Kungsun Lung Tzu h'fc

13/3

SHEN YU-TING, "Chih-wu lun" chu-chieh (The " E s s a y on Marks of Things" punctuated and explained), KM TP, 1963, 1 / 1 8 . Chi Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH Y

160

A colloquial elaboration of Ch. 3 of the Kunq-sun Lung Tzu. 13/4

YANG YUNG-CHI, Kunq-sun Lung c h e - h s u e h p ' i - p ' a n (A criticism of the philosophy of Kung-sun Lung [b. 380 B.C.?]), CHYC, 1963, 2, pp. 45-49. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC M P UC UCc UH W Y fl Kung-sun Lung's progress from the rectification of names to the "marks" of things is understood a s his transition from metaphysical materialism to o b j e c t i v e idealism.

13/5

LENG JAN, Kunq-sun Lung ti "Pai-ma lun" ho "Chih-wu lun" (Kung-sun Lung's "Essay on the White Horse" and the "Essay on Marks and Things"), KMTP, 1963, 11/8. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y A 4 £ W Vi Dt>tip" Emphasizes the concept of c l a s s and the individual in the former chapter and the relationship between c o n c e p t s and things in the latter.

Sec. 14. 14/1

The Legalist School A YANG JUNG-KUO, Han Fei s s u - h s i a n q t ' a n - w e i (An e x planation of Han F e i ' s [d. 233 B . C . ] i d e a s ) , HCS, 1951, 4, pp. 29-34. Cn Col H M UH W Han F e i ' s doctrines of law, s t a t e c r a f t , and power; his criticisms of various schools; and his absorption of their ideas.

161

14/2

WANG I, Han Fei ti ssu-hsiang (Han Fei's ideas), KMJP, 1954, 5/5. Chi Cn H HI K LC UCc UH H. fy *f- W & % On the historical conditions and origin of Han Fei's ideas. Han Fei is taken a s a debater in behalf of the exploiting c l a s s . See 14/3.

14/3

KENG-YEH, Tui Wang I t'ung-chih "Han Fei ti ssuhsianq" i-wen ti chi-tien i-chien (Some opinions on Comrade Wang I's e s s a y "Han Fei's Ideas"), KM TP, 1955, 2/23. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH

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Opposing the conclusion in 14/2. 14/4

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JEN CHI-YU, Han Fei ti she-hui chenq-chih ssu-hsiang ti chi-ko wen-t'i (Several problems concerning Han Fei's social and political ideas), WSC, 1955, 4. Col HI UC Reprinted in B2/7, pp. 128-151. Han Fei is considered to have reflected the political demands of the newly arising landlord c l a s s . He had new understandings in social relations and offered a new morality. In his epistemology he stressed experience and opposed subjectivity.

14/5

LI TE-YUNG, Han Fei ti she-hui chenq-chih ssu-hsiang (Han Fei's social and political ideas), HCS, 1956, 3, pp. 33-41. Cn Col H HI LC UC UH USC W The philosophy of Han Fei is regarded a s the utilitarianism of the newly arising landlord c l a s s . Its nature is essentially reactionary and became more so a s time went on.

14/6

WANG I, Han Fei, CKCN, 1957, 2/1. UC USC W Y

Chi H HI LC M

An account of Han Fei's life and thought, calling 162

attention to his emphasis on production, the progressive tendency in his historical viewpoint, and the dialectic element in his thought. 14/7

WANG HSIN-FU, Kuo Mo-jo Hsien-shenq "Kuan Tzu chi-chiao hsii-lu" chih shang-chiieh (A d i s c u s s i o n on Mr. Kuo M o - j o ' s introduction to his Collected Collations of the Kuan Tzu). HSYCK, 1957, 6, pp. 56-58. Col HI LC UC UCc UH .

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A d i s c u s s i o n on the time of the author and on editions. The reference i s to B14/ 2. 14/8

YANG HSIANG-K'UEI. Fa-chia yii Han Fei (The Legalist School and Han Fei), WSC. 1957, 11, pp. 42-52. Col HI UC UCc UH i* £ A general description of the Legalist School, considering it a s representing the newly arising landlord c l a s s .

H> & &

£ % #

14/9

KUAN FENG and LIN YU-SHIH, Kuan Chung i-chu k'ao (An investigation on the surviving work of Kuan Chung [d. 645 B. C . ] ) , in B l / 1 3 , pp. 1-49. £ 4" ^Mfil t h On the history of the work and the question of authorship. Each chapter i s d i s c u s s e d in detail. Some of the chapters are regarded a s Kuan Chung's but others a s later products.

14/10

KUAN FENG, P'ing Han Tzu ch'ien-shih (A criticism of the Simple Explanation of the Han Fei Tzu), TMJP, 1960, 11/29. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UCc UCLA UH USC W Y Reprinted in B 4 3 / 3 , pp. 170-174.

f

A review of B14/5. The book i s praised for its clear explanation and central ideas but i s criticized for using chiefly the inductive method and failing to apply Marxian a n a l y s i s . 163

14/11

FUNG YU-LAN. Han Fei "Chieh-lao" "Yu-lao" p'len hsin-shih (A new explanation of the chapters "The Lao Tzu Explained" and "Examples for the Lao Tzu" in the Han Fei Tzu), PCTHHP. 1961, 2. Reprinted in B39/5, pp. 375-382.

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According to Fung, the materialism of Han F e i ' s view of Nature, which i s based on the fundamental category of principle, can be seen from these two chapters. In stressing the objective laws or principles, these chapters are a great contribution to the history of the growth of materialism in China. 14/12

LIANG CH'I-HSIUNG, Han Fei ssu-hsianq shu-p'ing ho t'an-yuan (An account and criticism of Han F e i ' s ideas and an investigation of their sources), KTMP. 1961, 8/24. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Y ft& On primitive historical evolutionism and theory of reform; the synthesis of law, statecraft and power; and the relationship between Han Fei, Lao Tzu, Mo Tzu, and Hsiin Tzu.

(14/12a) KUAN FENG on a sentence from the Han Fei Tzu. See 6/9. 14/13

KUAN FENG and LIN Ytt-SHIH, Tsai-lun Tzu-ch'an (A further d i s c u s s i o n on Tzu-ch'an [ f l . c. 550 B . C . ] ) , CHYYC, 1962, 2. Reprinted in B2/19, pp. 242-273. *

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On Tzu-ch'an's political system and atheistic ideas. 14/14

SUN CH'ANG-CHIANG, Han Fei. CHYYC, 1962, 2.

14/15

LI TSUNG-MOU, T'an Han Fei Tzu ti jo-kan ching-chi kuan-tien (A d i s c u s s i o n on a number of Han Fei Tzu's 164

economic standpoints), KMTP. 1962, 7/30. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y ÎÀ i f f i l i f *L £ Problems d i s c u s s e d are: increase of population, productive activities, development of agriculture, b u s i n e s s , and the c a u s e s of wealth and poverty. In contending that a s population increased food supply would not be sufficient, Han Fei w a s reactionary. 14/16

Sec. 15. 15/1

YAO CHIA-HUA, Kuan Tzu chiu-chinq tai-piao shen-me chieh-chi li-i (What c l a s s interests does the Kuan Tzu represent after a l l ? ) , HSYK, 1963, 6.

Other C l a s s i c a l Schools CHAO CHI-PIN, Sung-Yin hsin-li-chu-i minq-pien fangfa ti yen-chiu (A study of Sung Tzu's [360-290 B. C. ?] and Yin Tzu's [350-285 B. C. ?] psychological method of debate on names), CKKH, 1950, 4. Reprinted in B 4 3 / 5 , pp. 305-336. These philosophers are considered a s having originated the psychological method of debate, corrected the Confucian moral argumentation, and obliterated the Moist argumentation on practical grounds.

15/2

WANG FAN-CHIH, Kuan-yii Yang Chu ho Yang Chu s s u hsiang (On Yang Chu [440-360 B . C . ? ] and his i d e a s ) , KMTP, 1955, 9/7. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH On the origin of Yang Chu's ideas and his doctrine of egoism. 165

15/3

WU TSE, "Yang Chu" p'ien k'ao-pien (An investigation and explanation of the "Yang Chu" chapter), HTSTHP. 1957, 2.

15/4

, Yang Chu ssu-hsiang ti yen-hua yu hsiieh-p'ai wen-t'i (The question of the evolution and schools of the thought system of Yang Chu), HSYK. 1957, 8, pp. 66-75. Col HI LC UC UCc UH A f ^ 1 vf Lao Tzu i s regarded a s representing the degenerated ideas of the declining aristocrats, with Chuang Tzu representing the ideas of the newly arising landlords.

15/5

KUAN FENG, Lun Sung-Yin hsiieh-p'ai (On the schools of Sung Tzu and Yin Tzu), CHYC, 1959, 5, pp. 28-45. Chi Cn Col H LC M P UC UCc UH W Y On their doctrine of Tao, which the writer considered to be essentially materialistic.

15/6

CHAO CHI-PIN, Hsu Hsing ssu-hsiang p'i-p'an (A criticism of Hsu Hsing's [4th cent. B . C . ] ideas), WH, 1948, 4. Reprinted in B43/ 5, pp. 31-45.

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Considers Hsu Hsing 1 s thoughts a s coming from the Taoist and not from the Moist School; his doctrine of government officials farming with the people i s a practical application of the Taoist doctrine of the equalization of things and not of the Moist respect for labor. As such his ideas are not valuable. 15/7

P'ANG P'U, "Fa yin ch'ien-chun" ching-t'i li-hsueh chi ch'i-t'a (The expression "a hair lifts a thousand p o u n d s , " c r y s t a l s , optics, and so forth), KMJP, 1963, 11/22. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Aim-

51 ¿r 4 0 "

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On natural s c i e n c e in ancient China. The quotation is from the chapter on Confucius in the Lieh Tzu.

Sec. 16. 16/1

The Ch'in (221-206 B. C.) and Han (206 B. C. -A. C. 220) Dynasties YANG HSIANG-K'UEI, Lun H s i - H a n hsin Tu-chia ti c h ' a n sheng (On the origin of the new Confucian School in the Western Han Dynasty), WSC, 1955, 9. Col HI UC Reprinted in B2/7, pp. 152-165. In t h i s period, Confucian thought became religious. It a l s o compromised with Legalist thought to some extent. Eventually, Confucian thought became supreme and served absolute and totalitarian rulers.

16/2

HOU WAI-LU, H a n - t a i Pai-hu-kuan t s u n g - c h i a o h u i - i - y u shen-hsiieh f a - t i e n Pai-hu f a - i (The religious meeting in the White Tiger Temple during the Han Dynasty, and the theological canon, the General Meanings of the D i s c u s s i o n s at the White Tiger Temple), LSYC. 1956, 5, pp. 37-58. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UCLA USC UH W Y The history and significance of the meeting in 58 A. D.; the theological views of the world, of history, of e t h i c s , and of government in the canon; and Wang C h ' u n g ' s criticism of the meeting.

16/3

JEN CHI-YU, Ssu-ma Ch'ien ti che-hsvieh s s u - h s i a n g (Ssu-ma C h ' i e n ' s [ 145-86 B . C . ? ] philosophical i d e a s ) , HCS, 1956, 6, pp. 38-42. Cn Col H HI LC UC UH USC W _

167

The historian i s considered to be a materialist bec a u s e , in the preface of his work, he s a y s , "The great Way is undifferentiated and unseen. It illuminates the whole world. It operates in cycles without name. " 16/4

WANG MING, Han-tai che-hstieh ssu-hsiang chunq kuan-yu yiian-shih wu-chih ti li-lun (Theories about primitive matter in the philosophical thought of the Han Dynasty). CHYC. 1957, 6, pp. 139-145. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y Based on the Huai-nan Tzu ^ , the main t h e s i s is that in Han thought the prime material force i s the foundation of all things.

16/5

WU TSE-YU, Yang Hsiunq s s u - h s i a n g p'inq-i (A fair d i s cussion on Yang Hsiung's [53 B. C . - A . D. 18] i d e a s ) , CHYC, 1957, 6, pp. 123-138. Cn Col H HI M P UC UCc UH W Y Although this philosopher w a s not a true materialist, his ideas contain a number of materialistic factors, and he criticized the religious mysticism in the religion and philosophy of his time.

16/6

T'an-t'ao Chia I s s u - h s i a n g ho Hsin-shu chen-wei went'i (ft.n investigation of and d i s c u s s i o n on Chia I ' s [200-168 B. C. ] i d e a s and the question of the authenticity of the N e w j o o k ) / J M I E / 1961, 10/5. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y On the philosopher's doctrine that man and agriculture are the foundations of life; a l s o on the evolution of the book.

168

16/7

CHOU YING, Lun Chla I tl w e i - w u - c h u - i s s u - h s i a n g (On Chia I ' s materialistic i d e a s ) , CHHP. 1963, 2. (See 16/7a.)

(16/7a)

Chou Ying lun Chia I ti che-hsiieh s s u - h s i a n g (Chou Ying d i s c u s s e d Chia I ' s i d e a s ) , KM TP. 1963, 2/18. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y A report on 16/7, according to which Chia I ' s mater i a l i s t i c ideas have two a s p e c t s : one i s the primitive materialism of his epistemology and t h e other is t h a t , in his d i s c u s s i o n s of social problems, his viewpoint w a s primitivism.

16/8

CHOU WEN-YING, Lii-shih c h ' u n - c h ' i u chung ti l o - c h i s s u - h s i a n g (Logical thought in Mr. Lii's Spring and Autumn Annals), KM TP, 1963, 11/ 29. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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According to the writer, this book does not emphasize sophistry but objective search for truth.

Sec. 17. 17/1

Tung Chung-shu f U t f f i (c. 179-c. 104 B. C.) MAO LI-JUI, Tung Chunq-shu. CSP. 1956, 9 / 4 . USC

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A brief account of Tung's l i f e and his d o c t r i n e s , with special emphasis on his educational i d e a s and his three educational policies. These were: (1) general unification under Confucianism, (2) the establishment of s c h o o l s , and (3) the emphasis on civil s e r v i c e

169

examinations. According to the writer, education in this c a s e w a s primarily an instrument used by rulers to rule the people. 17/2

CH'EN YU-SEN, Kuan-yu Lun Tung Chung-shu ssu-hsianq (On the On Tung Chung-shu's Ideas). CSTHHP, 1961, 4. (On B17/1. )

17/3

LI MING. Lueh-lun Tung Chung-shu ti jen-shih-lun (A brief d i s c u s s i o n on Tung Chung-shu's epistemology), WHP. 1962, 3/2.

17/4

WANG MING, Tung Chung-shu. CHYYC. 1962, 4.

17/5

HO CHO, Yu Chou Fu-ch'eng t'ao-lun Lun Tung Chungshu ssu-hsiang hsin (A letter to Chou Fu-ch'eng on the On Tung Chung-shu's I d e a s ) , WHP. 1962, 6/23. (The book referred to i s B17/1. )

17/6

LI MING, Kuan-yu Tung Chung-shu hsing-san-p'in-shuo ti chi-ko wen-t'i (Concerning several problems about Tung Chung-shu's theory of the three grades of human nature), WSC, 1962, 6

i 17/7

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CHANG MOU-HSIN, Tung Chung-shu t'ien-jen kan-yingshuo ti chin-pu fang-mien (The progressive a s p e c t of Tung Chung-shu's doctrine of the mutual influence of heaven and man), KMTP. 1962, 8/17. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Although Tung went along with imperial power, he a l s o demanded that rulers go along with Confucian thought. On the one hand, he tried to meet the 170

demands of the emperor; on the other hand, he f u l filled the w i s h e s of the landlords. 17/8

LI MING, Shih-lun Tung Chung-shu ti t z u - j a n - k u a n (An attempt to d i s c u s s Tung C h u n g - s h u ' s view of Nature), HCS. 1962, 12, pp. 56-63. Cn H HI K LC UC UCLA UHW i h iKi^pi^mi:7 6.£*Jt On the Five Agents, the Prime Heaven, and spirit. Tung is considered to have both a t h e i s t i c and t h e i s t i c elements. See 1 7 / 9 .

17/9

CHANG CH'I-CHIH, YANG CH'AO, and LI HSUEH-CH'IN, Tsen-yang l i - c h i e h Tung Chunq-shu ti t z u - j a n - k u a n ti shih-chih (How to understand the real nature of Tung C h u n g - s h u ' s view of Nature), HCS, 1963, 3, pp. 33-40. Cn H HI K LC UC UCLA UH W Comment on 17/8, contending that Tung's atheism is perfectly clear.

17/10

FUNG YU-LAN, Tung Chunq-shu che-hsiieh ti h s i n g chih c h i - c h ' i s h e - h u i tso-yung (The nature of Tung C h u n g - s h u ' s philosophy and i t s social function), PCTHHP. 1963, 3. (Brief report in 17/14.)

17/11

T'ANG I-CHIEH and CHUANG ANG, Tung Chunq-shu ti che-hsiieh s s u - h s i a n g c h i - c h ' i l i - s h i h p ' i n g - c h i a (Tung C h u n g - s h u ' s philosophical i d e a s and their historical evaluation), PCTHHP, 1963, 3. (Brief report in 17/14.)

17/12

SSU-MA WEN. Ts'ung tui Tung Chung-shu T'an S s u - t ' u n g che-hsiieh ti mou-hsieh f e n - h s i t ' a n - c h ' i (A d i s c u s s i o n arising out of a certain a n a l y s i s of Tung C h u n g - s h u ' s 171

and T'an S s u - t ' u n g ' s philosophy), KMTP, 1 9 6 3 , 4 / 1 1 . Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Considers that materialism and idealism are a b s o l u t e l y opposed and s a y s one should not simplify i d e a s . 17/13

YU-CHIEN, Kuan-yu Tung Chung-shu s s u - h s l a n g w e n t ' i ti t ' a o - l u n (A. d i s c u s s i o n on the question of Tung C h u n g - s h u ' s i d e a s ) , KMTP. 1 9 6 3 , 4 / 1 9 . Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC U C c UCLA UH Y A general survey of a r t i c l e s commenting on B 1 7 / 1 ; on Tung's view of Nature, h i s doctrine of human nature, the c l a s s nature of h i s i d e a s , h i s epistemology, and the h i s t o r i c a l appraisal of h i s d o c t r i n e s .

17/14

Fung Yu-lan teng t ' a n - t ' a o Tung Chung-shu ti c h e - h s i i e h s s u - h s i a n g (Fung Yu-lan and others d i s c u s s e d the philosophical i d e a s of Tung Chung-shu), KMTP. 1 9 6 3 , 1 0 / 9 . Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Both 1 7 / 1 0 and 17/11 emphasized t h a t , to defend f e u d a l i s m , Tung twisted the a n c i e n t m a t e r i a l i s t i c c o n c e p t of Heaven to suit his idealism and m y s t i c i s m .

Sec. 18/1

18.

Wang Ch'ung 3- fa (27-100?) YANG CH'AO. A. A. P i - t e - l o - f u kuan-vii Wang Ch'ung c h e - h s i i e h s s u - h s i a n g ti y e n - c h i u (A. A. Petrov's studies on Wang C h ' u n g ' s philosophical i d e a s ) , W S C , 1 9 5 6 , 1. Col HI M UC UCc UH Reprinted in B 2 / 7 , pp. 1 6 6 - 1 7 7 . Presenting Petrov's c o n c l u s i o n s and good points.

172

18/2

WU TSE, Wang Ch'ung ti w e i - w u - c h u - i che-hsiieh s s u hsianq (Wang C h ' u n g ' s materialistic philosophical i d e a s ) , HTSTHP. 1956, 2. Wang, who considered Nature a s independent, materia l i s t i c , and a s having objective r e a l i t y , i s regarded a s an outstanding materialist of the Han Dynasty. See 18/3 and 18/4.

18/3

CHENG WEN, Tu Wu Tse H s i e n - s h e n g "Wang Ch'ung w e i - w u - c h u - i c h e - h s u e h s s u - h s i a n q " ti i - c h i e n (An opinion after reading Mr. Wu T s e ' s "Wang C h ' u n g ' s M a t e r i a l i s t i c Philosophical I d e a s " ) , KMTP. 1956, 9/5. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH * „ A criticism of 18/2, claiming the author has taken p a s s a g e s out of context, has failed to u s e the b e s t editions, and has not understood the implications of the idea of material force in Wang Ch'ung.

18/4

LU TA-CHI, Wang Ch'ung ti j e n - s h i h - l u n ti i - k o w e n - t ' i (A problem concerning Wang C h ' u n g ' s epistemology), KMTP. 1956, 9/5. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Also commenting on 18/2. The writer does not agree with the contention in 18/2 that W a n g ' s skepticism degenerated into idealism. To him, W a n g ' s a g n o s t i cism is not intended to lead the people away; on t h e contrary, it is to help people r e a l i z e the limits of knowledge so that they can follow the correct path. Actually, his philosophy is b a s i c a l l y materialistic.

18/5

YANG CH'AO, Wang Ch'ung minq-tinq-lun s s u - h s i a n q ti p ' o u - h s i (An a n a l y s i s of Wang C h ' u n g ' s f a t a l i s t i c i d e a s ) , WSC. 1956, 11. Col HI LC M UC Reprinted in B2/7, pp. 178-196.

173

Wang's criticism of superstition and the idealistic tendency of his doctrine of fate. 18/6

CH'EN YU-SEN, Shih-lun Wang Ch'ung ti ssu-hsianq yuan-yuan (An attempt to discuss the origin of Wang Ch'ung's ideas), CHYC. 1959, 8-9, pp. 75-84. Chi Cn H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y

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On the basis of Wang's view of Nature, his epistemology, and his political ideas, it is concluded that the origin of his ideas lay in Hsiin Tzu; but, compared to Hsiin Tzu, Wang was more scientific and had a greater sense of struggle and was therefore more progressive. 18/7

HSU MIN, Kuan-yu Wang Ch'ung ti Lun-henq (On Wang Ch'ung's Balanced Inquiries), HCS, 1960, 10-11.

18/8

CH'EN CHIH, Lun-henq "Hsieh-tuan" teng p'ien i-nan wen-t'i ti chieh-shih (Questions and difficulties about the "Not Admitting Shortcomings" and other chapters in the Balanced Inquiries newly explained), WSC, 1961, 2.

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(The chapter referred to is Bk. 12, sec. 3.) 18/9

HSU MIN, Wang Ch'ung shih-ming-lun ti shih-chih chich'i she-hui i-i (The real nature of Wang Ch'ung's theories of circumstance and fate and their social meaning), HCS . 1962, 1, pp. 33-42. Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH W The theory deals with the accidental and necessary nature of the development of things, on which is based Wang's views of society and history. Circumstance or time is accidental; fate is determined or necessary. The most important category in the theory, however, is material force. 174

18/10

WU TSE-YU, Lun-henq ti k o u - c h ' e n g c h i - c h ' i w e i - w u chi-1 tl t e - t i e n (The composition of the Balanced Inquiries and its s p e c i a l , materialistic character), CHYC, 1962, 4, pp. 73-81. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P Pa UC UCc UH W Y On W a n g ' s l i f e and the story of his work. W a n g ' s materialism is considered a s characterized by the revolutionary spirit, but his view of history and s o c i ety is considered limited since he did not discover the laws of society and Nature.

18/11

Sec. 19. 19/1

CHUNG CHAO-P'ENG, Huan T'an yu Wang Ch'ung (Huan T'an [d. 58 B . C . ] and Wang Ch'ung), CHHK, 1963, 5.

The Wei (220-265) and Chin (265-420) Periods HOU WAI-LU, Wei-Chin s s u - h s i a n g chih l i - s h i h p e i ching yii c h i e h - c h i ken-yuan (The historical b a c k ground and c l a s s origin of the i d e a s of the Wei-Chin period), HCS. 1950, 4, pp. 4-9. Cn Col H HI LC UH W The historical background and c l a s s origin of W e i Chin metaphysical ideas.

19/2

, Wei-Chin h s u a n - h s u e h ti s h e - h u i f - i — t a n g hsing (The social meaning of the metaphysics of the Wei-Chin period—its party nature), HCS, 1950, 10, pp. 26-29. Chi Col H HI LC UH W

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The historical development of the metaphysics and 175

the social meaning of its control of learning. latter means i t s party nature. 19/3

The

LU HSUN (1881-1936) Hsi K'ang chi k ' a o (An investigation on the Collected Works of Hsi K'ang [ 2 3 3 - 2 6 2 ] ) , LSYC, 1954, 2, pp. 97-103. Chi Cn H HI UC. See B19/5. An investigation on t h e number of chapters and their t i t l e s , their c o n t e n t s , and the missing portions.

19/4

T'ANG YUNG-T'UNG and JEN CHI-YU, Wei-Chin h s u a n hsiieh chunq ti s h e - h u i chenq-chih s s u - h s i a n q ho t ' a ti chenq-chih pei-ching (The social and political ideas in the metaphysics of the Wei-Chin period and their political background), LSYC, 1954, 3, pp. 63-93. Chi Cn H HI UC UCc UH W The political significance of the doctrines of taking no a c t i o n , opposition between institutions and Nature, and the harmony of institutions and Nature. Generally speaking, the metaphysics of this period is considered to be anti-people and an instrument to suppress the p e a s a n t s . This article has been published a s a bookl e t , B19/5a.

19/5

CHU PO-K'UN, Chin N a n - P e i - c h ' a o s h i h - c h ' i w u - s h e n l u n - c h e f a n - t u i Fo-chiao chung linq-hun p u - s s u h s i n yang ti cheng-tou (The struggle of a t h e i s t s in the Chin and Southern and Northern d y n a s t i e s opposing the Buddhist belief in the immortality of the soul), PCTHHP, 1957, 2, pp. 29-60. Chi Col HI LC UC UCc UH W Y

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The story of the struggle, the great contribution of Fan Chen, e s s e n t i a l problems in the struggle, and the laws according to which the struggle developed. 176

19/6

A. A. PI-TE-LO FU (A. A. PETROV), Wang PI che-hsueh shih-chieh-kuan ti chi-pen kuan-nien (The fundamental concepts in the world view of Wang Pi's philosophy), trans, by Ku Kuei-ch'ing, WSC. 1957, 9, pp. 6-14. Con Col HI LC M UC UCc UH. A

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Wang is considered here a s a Taoist representative. In the development of his philosophy, the first period is one in which his Taoistic philosophy developed. Here he reflected the views of the educated feudali s t s intellectuals. In his view of the world he tended towards the Taoistic objective idealistic system. He stressed that all contradictions are resolved in Tao. The second period was one in which Wang studied the Book of Changes, but his discussions on the book are based on his commentary on the Lao Tzu. According to the writer, in his Taoistic philosophy Wang discovered the monistic idea of the universe and analyzed the one and the many. In his epistemology, he resolved all into the One. 19/7

JUNG CHAO-TSU, Wei-Chin chih-chi Tuan Te-ju ti weiwu-chu-i (The materialistic ideas of Juan Te-ju [fl. 265] at the end of the Wei and the beginning of the Chin Dynasty), KM TP. 1962, 1/26. Cn H HI Ind K UC UCc UCLA UH %- F I L

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Because Juan opposed superstition and mysticism, he is considered a materialist, but he is criticized a s not being thorough because he compromised with the belief in spiritual beings. 19/8

KUAN FENG, Fan Chen t'unq Hsiao Shen kuan-yii hsinqshen pu-erh ho hsing-shen fei-i ti lun-chenq (The controversy over the distinction or nondistinction of physical form and spirit between Fan Chen [450-?] and Hsiao Shen [fl. 511]), KM TP. 1962, 8/10. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y 177

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Analyzes their arguments and from the debate draws l e s s o n s concerning the struggle between idealism and materialism. 19/9

T'ANG I-CHIEH, Hsi K'ang ho Juan Chi ti che-hsiieh s s u hsianq (The philosophical i d e a s of Hsi K'ang and Juan Chi [ 2 1 0 - 2 6 3 ] ) , HCS, 1962, 9, 25-30. Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH W Their theories of cosmology, their interpretations of Nature, and their life i d e a l s .

19/10

. Lun Pei Wei ti "Ts'unq-yu lun" (On Pei W e i ' s [267-300] "Essay Praising Being"), KMTP. 1962, 11/9. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y The t r e a t i s e d i s c u s s e s the problems of being, the relation between things and e v e n t s , and the relation between institutions and Nature. The writer of the t r e a t i s e intended to solve t h e s e problems from the materialistic point of view; he did not become an important philosopher b e c a u s e , in his criticism of i d e a l ism, his arguments are not sufficient and are not r e fined.

19/11

19/12

, Lueh-lun Wang Pi yu Wei-Chin h s u a n - h s u e h (A brief d i s c u s s i o n on Wang Pi and Wei-Chin metap h y s i c s ) , HSYK, 1963, 1. YANG JUNG-KUO, Yang Ch'iian ti w e i - w u s s u - h s i a n g (Yang C h ' u a n ' s [fl. 265] materialistic i d e a s ) , IMIP, 1963, 5/30. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y This philosopher believed that the fundamental reality of the universe is materialistic and opposed the theory 178

at that time that it was nihilistic. He criticized the belief in the indestructibility of the soul. He also paid attention to industry, agriculture, and production.

Sec. 20. 20/1

Buddhism T'IEN KUANG-LIEH, Hsüan-tsanq che-hsiieh ssu-hsianq chunq chih pien-chenq-fa yin-su (The dialectic factor in Hsuan-tsang's [596-664] philosophical ideas), CHYC. 1957, 2, pp. 1-41. H HI LC M P UC UCc UH -\/y v The method used in this study, according to the writer, is that with which Lenin studied Hegel. The conclusion is that Hsuan-tsang's philosophy degenerated into idealism because of his c l a s s prejudice and limitations. Nevertheless, it has educational value and is an item in the Chinese heritage that should be respected. S e e B 2 0 / 2 .

20/2

JEN CHI-YÜ, Ch'an-tsung che-hsüeh ssu-hsianq lüehlun (A. brief discussion of the philosophical ideas of the Meditation School), CHYC, 1957, 4, pp. 35-47. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y After tracing the development from objective idealism to subjective idealism in the Meditation movement, the author concludes that salvation in the Meditation School amounts to bondage.

20/3

T'ANG YUNG-T'UN G and JEN CHI-YÜ, Nan-ch'ao ChinSung chien pan-jo ni-p'an Fo-chiao hsiieh-shuo ti fa-chan ho t'a-ti fan-tung ti chenq-chih tso-yunq (The development of the Buddhist theories of Wisdom 179

and Nirvana in the transitional period between the Chin and the Sung and their reactionary political function). CHYC. 1959, 3, pp. 93-107. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y fcft&t

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Deals with the spread of Buddhism from 420 to 479, monistic economy, the establishment and spread of the Wisdom doctrine under the control of metaphysics, and the flourishing of the Nirvana doctrine in spite of suppression by big families and important c l a s s e s . 20/4

HSIUNG SHIH-LI, T'ang-shih Fo-hsueh chiu-p'ai fan-tui Hsiian-tsanq chih an-ch'ao (The undercurrents of the opposition to Hsuan-tsang by the conservative Buddhist schools in the T'ang Dynasty), in B l / 1 3 , pp. 97-103. & % % afc.A. i £ 3L af 4f\ Details, with the use of a special c a s e , to show how the conservative schools opposed the new philosophy introduced from India by Hsiian-tsang.

20/5

JEN CHI-YU, T'ien-t'ai-tsunq ssu-hsianq lueh-lun (A. brief discussion on the ideas of the T'ien-t'ai School), CHYC, 1960, 2, pp. 1 - 1 6 , 26. Cn Col H HI LC P UCc UH W Y 1 . om the third to the ninth century, social and economic conditions, the doctrine of concentration and insight in the T'ien-t'ai School, its epistemology, the difficulties of its doctrines, and the errors of its idealism.

20/6

, Hua-yen-tsunq ssu-hsianq lueh-lun (ft. brief discussion on the ideas of the Hua-yen School), CHYC, 1961, 1, pp. 13-31. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P The history of the Hua-yen School, Buddhism from the 180

fifth through the sixth century, the Hua-yen c l a s s i fication of Buddhist s e c t s , its opposition to materialism, its relation with other Buddhist schools, its basic doctrines, its interpretations of all things from the idealistic point of view, and its effort to defend a feudalistic order. 20/7

, Fa-hsiang-tsung che-hsiieh ssu-hsiang lueh-lun (A. brief discussion of the philosophical ideas of the Fa-hsiang School), CHYC. 1962, 2, pp. 22-40. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P Pa UC UCc UH W Y The life and ideas of the founder of the school, the doctrines of the school, and a criticism of its idealism.

20/8

T'ANG YUNG-T'UNG, Lun Chung-kuo Fo-chiao wu "shihtsung" (On the non-existence of the "Ten Schools" in Chinese Buddhism), CHYC. 1962, 3, pp. 4 7 - 5 4 . Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P Pa UC UCc UH W Y i f t^HfJtlCfc V The so-called schools were but studies of scriptures and treatises by the great Masters. Since the seventh century, however, there have been organizations called "schools. " There are great discrepancies in Chinese records, and further study is necessary in order to understand and trace the history of the schools.

20/9

JEN CHI-YU, Han-T'ang shih-ch'i Fo-chiao che-hsiieh ssu-hsiang tsai Chung-kuo ti ch'uan-po ho fa-chan (The spread and development of Buddhist philosophical thought in China during the Han and T'ang dynasties), KM TP. 1963, 2 / 1 5 . Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y . , >ii M # J £ ? '1

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After telling the story of how Buddhism and Taoism combined in the Han Dynasty, how Buddhism and 181

Chinese idealism came together in the W e i - C h i n p e riod, how Buddhism spread, and how its schools were e s t a b l i s h e d in t h e Sui and T'ang d y n a s t i e s , the writer s a y s that, s i n c e Buddhist influence has been g r e a t , it should be understood, but its idealism must be c r i t icized. 20/10

Sec. 21. 21/1

SHIH TS'UN, Yin-ming erh wen (Two questions on Buddhist logic), KMTP, 1963, 10/18. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y J* H J9 Its aim, its o b j e c t , its nature, and its difference from syllogistic logic.

The Sui (581-618) and T'ang (618-907) Dynasties CHAO CHI-PIN, Liu Yil-hsi ho Liu Tsung-yuan w u - s h e n lun s s u - h s i a n q y e n - c h i u (A study of the a t h e i s t i c ideas of Liu Yii-hsi [772-842] and Liu Tsung-yiian [ 7 7 3 - 8 1 9 ] ) , CHYC, 1957, 5, pp. 51-72. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y

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A study of the s p e c i a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of logical a n a l y s i s in Liu Yvi-hsi's view of the universe and his atheism, of Liu Tsung-yuan 1 s criticism of Han Yu, of the special c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and the real nature of the materialism in Liu Yii-hsi's doctrine of Heaven and man mutually overcoming each other, of Liu Tsungyiian's view of history, and of the two men's political reforms and their political tragedies. 21/2

Tui Liu Yu-hsi Liu Tsunq-yiian t s a i w u - s h e n - l u n shih shanq ti hsin ku-chia (A new appraisal of Liu Yvi-hsi 182

and Liu Tsung-yiian in the history of atheism), KMTP. 1957, 12/21. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH The writer opposes the traditional opinion that b e c a u s e the two thinkers did not oppose Buddhism they therefore tended toward idealism. The special chara c t e r i s t i c s of their atheism are said to be that it i s b a s e d on materialism, that it i s applied in society and history, and that they themselves practiced it. 21/3

WU WEN-CHIH, Liu Tsung-yiian w u - s h e n - l u n s s u - h s i a n g c h ' u - t ' a n (A. preliminary investigation of the a t h e i s t i c ideas of Liu Tsung-yiian), HCS, 1958, 3, pp. 29-32. Cn Col H HI LC UC UCc UH USC W J : & tff&Jl> jk *f & 4 ** # Liu i s considered to have understood and explained natural phenomena from the a t h e i s t i c point of view and to have held firmly to the b a s i c principles of materialism. In t h e s e r e s p e c t s he is considered to have s u r p a s s e d both Wang Ch'ung and Fan Chen.

21/4

YANG HUI-CH'IN, Liu Tsung-yiian ti che-hsileh s s u hsianq (Liu Tsung-yiian's philosophical i d e a s ) , CHHK, 1958, 5.

21/5

HOU WAI-LU, Liu Tsung-yiian ti w e i - w u - c h u - i s s u hsiang (Liu Tsung-yiian's materialistic i d e a s ) , HCS, 1959, 7, pp. 16-23. Cn Col H HI LC UC UCc UH USC W 4fr S i . fc * * * & & On the prime matter, monism, the formation of the u n i v e r s e , natural law, Liu's view of history, and his limitations.

21/6

YANG TUNG-KUO. Li Ao s s u - h s i a n g p ' i - p ' a n (A criticism of Li Ao's [fl. 798] i d e a s ) . CHYC, 1959, 8 - 9 . Chi 183

Cn H HI LC M P UC UH W Y pp. 85-107.

Reprinted in B43/1,

Li is denounced for his idealism and intuitionism and for his defending the power of landlords a s the writer understands it. 21/7

HOU WAI-LU and CHAO CHI-PIN. Lu T s ' a i ti wei-wuchu-i ssu-hsianq (Lii T s ' a i ' s [600-665] materialistic i d e a s ) , LSYC. 1959, 9, pp. 1-22. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH W Y Lii T s ' a i ' s life and works, his heterodoxy, his materialistic view of the universe, his atheism, and his logical ideas.

21/8

HOU WAI-LU, Liu Chih-chi ti che-hsueh ho shih-hsueh (Liu Chih-chi's [661-721] philosophy and historiography) , JMIP- 1 9 6 1 , 3 / 1 2 . Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC P UC UCc UCLA USC W Y The writer praises Liu for his refutation of idealism and theology but criticizes him for his doctrine of the mutual influence of Heaven and man. Liu's level of criticism, according to the writer, i s not a s high a s that of Wang Ch'ung.

21/9

, Lun Liu Chih-chi ti hsueh-shu ssu-hsianq (On Liu Chih-chi's learning and i d e a s ) , LSYC, 1961, 2, pp. 110-119. Chi Col H HI K LC M UC UCc W Y This e s s a y w a s written to commemorate the 1300th anniversary of Liu's birth. It covers his philosophical i d e a s , his materialistic tendencies, and his prog r e s s i v e historical viewpoint.

21/10

WANG YU-CHE, Shih-lun Liu Chih-chi shih yu-shen-lunche (An attempt to argue that Liu Chih-chi w a s an 184

a t h e i s t ) , WSC, 1962, 4.

21/11

HSIAO SHA-FU, Kuan-yii Liu Yii-hsi t ' i e n - y i i - i e n c h i a o h s i a n q - s h e n q ti hsiieh-shuo (On Liu Y u - h s i ' s theory of the mutual overcoming of Heaven and man), CHHP. 1962, 7.

21/12

HOU WAI-LU. Liu Tsung-yuan ti w e i - w u - c h u - i ho w u s h e n - l u n s s u - h s i a n q (Liu Tsung-yuan's materialistic and a t h e i s t i c ideas), TMTP, 1963, 2 / 9 . Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y

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According to the writer, Liu e s t a b l i s h e d that there i s no force other than the material, and engaged in t h e struggle against the doctrine of Heavenly Decree. 21/13

HOU WAI-LU and CHANG CH'I-CHIH, Liu Tsung-yuan ti s h e - h u i s s u - h s i a n q (Liu Tsung-yuan's social i d e a s ) , KM TP, 1963, 2/26. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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The story of how Liu fought a g a i n s t feudalism. 21/14

HOU WAI-LU and LI HSUEH-CH'IN, Liu Tsung-yuan "T'ien-tui" t s a i Chung-kuo w e i - w u - c h u - i shang ti k'o-hsiieh t i - w e i (The s c i e n t i f i c position of Liu Tsungyiian's "Answer to Heaven" in C h i n e s e materialism), LSYC, 1963, 2, pp. 2-20. Chi Cn Col H HI K LC M P UC UCc UCLA W Y

This e s s a y in Liu s Complete Works, Ch. 14, i s c o n sidered to be a concrete expression of the party nature in philosophy. This, according to the authors, can be seen from the attack on it by i d e a l i s t s and the 185

m a t e r i a l i s t i c i n t e r p r e t a t i o n g i v e n to it by h i s a n n o t a tors. 21/15

Sec. 22. 22/1

CHUANG ANG. Tu Liu Y ü - h s i "T'ien l u n " (On reading Liu Y ü - h s i ' s "On H e a v e n " ) , HÇS, 1963, 7, pp. 5 8 - 6 5 . On H HI K LC UC UCLA UH W k tip " The e s s a y in L i u ' s C o l l e c t i o n of Literary W o r k s , Ch. 5, i s regarded a s an important contribution to t h e h i s t o r y of C h i n e s e m a t e r i a l i s m , but Liu, in not c o r r e c t l y u n d e r s t a n d i n g m a n , w a s not r e a l l y s c i e n t i f i c .

HanYii

(768-824)

CH'EN YIN-K'O, Lun Han Yii (On Han Yii), LSYC. 1954, 2, pp. 105-114. Chi Cn H HI UC ri n Hr Han i s p r a i s e d for h i s e s t a b l i s h m e n t of t h e l i n e of t r a n s m i s s i o n of t h e C o n f u c i a n d o c t r i n e , for h i s strong e m p h a s i s on human r e l a t i o n s , for h i s attack, on Buddhism and T a o i s m , for h i s improvement of l i t e r a r y s t y l e , and for h i s h e l p to young p e o p l e . See 2 2 / 2 and 2 2 / 3 .

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22/2

TENG T'AN-CHOU, Kuan-yu Han Yu s s u - h s i a n g ti p ' i n g chia w e n - t ' i (Concerning t h e problem of a p p r a i s i n g Han Yii's i d e a s ) , KM TP. 1955, 8 / 2 8 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH -if fl && # ** * H W A r e s p o n s e to 2 2 / 1 . All t h e p h i l o s o p h e r ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n s , it i s s a i d , w e r e a r e s u l t of h i s e f f o r t s t o s u p port t h e r u l e r s and l a n d l o r d s .

186

22/3

HUANG YUN-MEI, Tu Ch'en Yin-k'o H s i e n - s h e n q "Lun Han Yii" (On reading Mr. Ch'en Y i n - k ' o ' s "On Han Yu"), WSC. 1955, 8, pp. 23-25. Col HI UC The contention i s that Ch'en nas overpraised Han Yii b e c a u s e he failed to understand the historical conditions and H a n ' s c l a s s nature. See 22/1.

22/4

MAO LI-TUI, Han Yii. CSP. 1956, 9/25.

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A brief account of H a n ' s life and doctrines, with s p e cial emphasis on his educational i d e a s . 22/5

YANG JUNG-KUO, Han Yii s s u - h s i a n q p ' i - p ' a n (A c r i t i cism of Han Yii"s ideas), .LLYSC, 1958, 11-12. Reprinted in B43/1, pp. 52-84. H a n ' s Tao is spirit. His doctrine of the three grades of human nature w a s for the purpose of maintaining the social status of his time. And his i d e a s , which seem to be a t h e i s t i c , are actually t h e i s t i c .

22/6

WANG YUN-SHENG, Han Yu ho Liu Tsung-yiian (Han Yu and Liu Tsung-yuan), HCS, 1963, 2, pp. 56-69. Cn H HI K LC UC UCLA UH W On H a n ' s Way, Liu's progressive nature, and so forth. Comparatively little on philosophy. See 2 2 / 7 and 2 2 / 8.

22/7

WU MENG-FU, Shih-lun Han Yii ti chenq-chih s s u hsiang (An attempt to d i s c u s s Han Yii's political ideas), HCS, 1963, 8, pp. 55-64. Cn H HI K LC UC UCLA UH W Comment on 2 2 / 6 , taking Wang to task for criticizing Han Yii. See 2 2 / 8 .

187

22/8

WANG YUN-SHENG, Tsai-lun Han Yu ho Liu Tsunq-yiian (A further discussion on Han Yii and Liu Tsung-yiian), HCS, 1963, 11, pp. 93-105. Cn H HI K LC UC UCLA UH W A reaction to 2 2 / 7 , defending his own position by pointing out Han's c l a s s nature and his demotion of Liu in co-operation with eunuchs.

Sec. 23. 23/1

The Sung Dynasty (906-1279) and Certain Sung NeoConfucianists HOU WAI-LU and CH'IU HAN-SHENG, Wei-wu-chu-i-che Wang An-shih (Wang An-shih [1021-1086] the materialist), LSYC. 1958, 10, pp. 1-16. Chi Cn Col H LC M P UC UCc UH W Y On Wang's materialistic view of the universe, his doctrine of human nature, and his epistemology. Wang i s considered to have an interest in the c a p i talistic c l a s s .

23/2

Kuo-wai tui-yii Chou Tun-i "T'ai-chi-t'u shuo" ti yenchiu (Study abroad on Chou Tun-i's [ 1017-1073] "Explanation of the Diagram of the Great Ultimate"), CHYC, 1959, 3, p. 41. Chi Cn Col H HI K LC M P UC UCc UH W Y

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A summary of an article published in December, 1958, in the Soviet journal, Philosophical Problems, which surveys the studies of philosopher Chou in Soviet Russia and Europe.

188

23/3

YANG JUNG-KUO, Shao Yung ssu-hsiang p'i-p'an (A. criticism of Shao Yung's [ 1011-1077] i d e a s ) , LSYC, 1960, 5. Chi H HI LC M UC UCc UCLA Y Reprinted in B43/1, pp. 108-131. The origin of Shao's i d e a s , his subjective idealism, and the subjective idealistic intuitionism of his e p i s temology. The philosopher i s regarded a s a forerunner of Kant.

23/4

FUNG YU-LAN, Lun Ch'en Liang che-hsueh s s u - h s i a n g ti wei-wu-chu-i ch'ing-hsiang (On the materialistic tendency of Ch'en Liang's [1143-1194] philosophical i d e a s ) , PCJP, 1961, 6/1. Reprinted in B39/5, pp. 383-392.

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Ch'en, b e c a u s e he used Taoistic terms, i s considered a s tending toward materialism. Furthermore, he criticized the Neo-Confucian bifurcation of the metaphysical and the physical. 23/5

YANG JUNG-KUO, Chou Tun-i ti che-hsueh s s u - h s i a n g (Chou Tun-i's philosophical i d e a s ) , HSYK, 1961, 9.

23/6

LI TE-YUNG, Chou Tun-i ti wei-hsin-chu-i che-hsueh ssu-hsiang (Chou Tun-i's idealistic philosophical i d e a s ) . KM TP, 1961, 12/22. Chi Cn H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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The idealism c o n s i s t s in going beyond the physical world to find the origin of the activities and developments of the physical world and in unifying all physical things in the Great Ultimate. 23/7

CH'EN CHENG-FU, Wang An-shih tzu-jan-kuan ch'u-t'an (A preliminary investigation on Wang An-shih's view 189

of Nature), KM TP, 1963, 5/24. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y fi b A £ 6& ^ W a n g ' s highest category, Tao, his ideas concerning the origin and development of things, an a n a l y s i s of his doctrine of destiny, and the fundamental points of his view of Nature. 23/8

FENG CHING-YUAN, Wang An-shih ti w e i - h s i n - c h u - i t ' i - h s i (Wang An-shih 1 s system of idealism), KMJP, 1963, 7/5. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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Comment on the d i s c u s s i o n of Wang in B2/8. The writer believes that Wang should not be described a s a materialist, but should be regarded a s an objective idealist.

Sec. 24. 24/1

Chang Tsai & &

(1020-1077)

CHANG TAI-NIEN, Chang Hung-ch'u ti c h e - h s u e h (On Chang T s a i ' s philosophy). CHYC. 1955, 1, pp. 110130. Chi Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y A comprehensive survey of Chang's works and time, his criticism of Buddhist idealism, his explanation of the physical world, his epistemology, his theory of human nature, his social and political i d e a s , and the historical significance of his philosophy. See 2 4 / 4 , 2 4 / 6 , and B24/1.

24/2

, Kuan-yu Chang Hung-ch'u ti w e i - w u - l u n yu l u n - l i cheng-chih hsiieh-shuo (On Chang T s a i ' s materialism and his ethical and political doctrines), CHYC, 1955, 3, pp. 139-142. Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y 190

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Althougn this article appears ahead of t h e following two in the same journal, it is a c t u a l l y a reply to their criticism. In this article it i s maintained that p h i l o s opher Chang's highest category is material force. In the opinion of the writer, although Chang's e t h i c s contains a conservative element, it w a s not without a progressive a s p e c t . TENG PING-I, "Chang Hung-ch'u ti c h e - h s u e h " i - w e n tu-hou kan (My feelings after reading the "On Chang T s a i ' s Philosophy"), CHYC, 1955, 3, pp. 142-146. Cn HI LC UC UCc W Y Comment on 24/1. According to the writer, C h a n g ' s ethics i s nothing but an instrument of the rulers which would eliminate the struggle of the p e a s a n t s . His social i d e a s , e s p e c i a l l y his advocacy of t h e ancient w e l l - f i e l d system, were f e u d a l i s t i c and his whole philosophy w a s conservative.

24/4

LU SHIH-HSIANG, Chang Hung-ch'u ti c h e - h s u e h c h i u ching shih w e i - w u - l u n huan-shih w e i - h s i n - l u n (Is Chang T s a i ' s philosophy in the l a s t a n a l y s i s materia l i s t i c or i d e a l i s t i c ? ) , CHYC, 1955, 3, pp. 146-148. Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y

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The author of 24/1 is regarded a s having failed to r e a l i z e the distinction between idealism and materialism and, consequently, as having mistakenly regarded Chang's objective idealism a s materialism. 24/5

CHANG TAI-NIEN, Shih-i shih-chi cho-yueh ti w e i - w u c h u - i - c h e Chang Tsai ti che-hsiieh s s u - h s i a n g (The philosophical ideas of Chang Tsai, outstanding mater i a l i s t of the eleventh century), KM IP, 1956, 6 / 2 7 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH

191

Chang's spirit is not an anthropomorphic God, nor is it spiritual function; it is the subtle transformation of Nature. His view of the universe is materialistic but, like other materialists before the advent of Marxism, whenever he talked about social problems, he fell into the bondage of idealism. Chang considered that human nature is something eternal and unchanging. 24/6

CH'EN YU-SEN, Chang Hunq-ch'u shih i-ko wei-hsinlun-che (Chang Tsai was an idealist), CHYC, 1956, 4, pp. 136-139. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC USC U H W Y

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Comment on 24/1. Chang is idealistic because, in his theory of knowledge of moral nature, his epistemology is based on an idealistic foundation. To him the nature of man and things is spirit. See 2 4 / 7 . 24/7

CHANG TAI-NIEN, Tui "Chang Hunq-ch'u shih i-ko weihsin-lun-che" i-wen ti ta-fu (Response to the e s s a y , "Chang Tsai was an Idealist"), CHYC, 1956, 4, pp. 140-142. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH USC WY A reply to 24/6. The idea that Chang's concept of the nature of man and things is spirit is lacking in evidence. The writer emphasizes the point that, in the learning of Chang, there is no strong emphasis on introspection.

24/8

YANG JUNG-KUO, Chang Tsai ti wei-wu-chu-i s s u hsiang (Chang Tsai's materialistic ideas), LLYSC, 1959, 10. HI Reprinted in B43/1, pp. 132-155. On Chang Tsai's materialistic ideas and scientific thought, his dialectic ideas, his political theories, and his ethical doctrines, all of which are reflected in his Chenq-meng J t (Correcting youthful ignorance). 192

24/9

Pei-chinq Ta-hsüeh C h e - h s ü e h Hsi t ' a o - l u n Chang Tsai ti c h e - h s ü e h s s u - h s i a n g (The Department of Philosophy of Peking University d i s c u s s e s the philosophical i d e a s of Chang Tsai), IMJP, 1961, 1/5. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y A report on the d i s c u s s i o n of the question a s to whether Chang w a s a materialist, an i d e a l i s t , or a dualist.

24/10

CHAP HSIAO, Chang Tsai c h e - h s u e h chung ti "shen" ho "hsing" ("Spirit" and "nature" in Chang T s a i ' s philosophy), KMTP, 1962, 5/4. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y A lengthy d i s c u s s i o n of the two concepts. It is maintained t h a t , although an i d e a l i s t i c and a d u a l i s t i c element can be found in t h e s e c o n c e p t s , C h a n g ' s d o c trines are fundamentally materialistic.

24/11

Sec. 25. 25/1

YANG HSIANG-K'UEI, Lun Chang Tsai (On Chang Tsai), WSC, 1963, 2.

Ch'eng Hao H l l (1032-1085), Ch'eng I At- && (10331107). and Chu Hsi \ & (1130-1200) YU CH'I-TS'UNG, Chu Hsi ti i - k u a n chieh yu t s ' a n - k ' a o c h i a - c h i h (Chu H s i ' s interpretation-of "one thread" is worthy of consulting), KMJP, 1961, 5/26. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH Chu Hsi had taught that there is one thread running

193

through all things. It is advocated here that Marxism be regarded a s this thread. 25/2

LI TE-YUNG, Shih-lun Chu Hsi che-hsueh hsinq-chih (An attempt at discussing the nature of Chu H s i ' s philosophy), ÇHHP, 1962, 7.

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25/4

P'AN FU-EN, Lun "ko-wu chih-chih" (On "the investigation of things" and "the extension of knowledge"), HCS, 1963, 3, pp. 41-49. Cn H HI K LC UC UCLA UH W

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On the Neo-Confucian defense and criticisms of Chu H s i ' s doctrines of the investigation of things and the extension of knowledge. It i s contended that in the criticisms and defense the struggle between materialism and idealism can be shown. 25/5

HSI TSE-TSUNG, Chu Hsi ti t'ien-t'i yen-hua s s u - h s i a n g (Chu H s i ' s ideas about astronomical evolution), KMTP, 1963, 8/9. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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Referring to Ch. 49 of the Complete Works of Chu Hsi. Chu H s i ' s theory i s considered progressive but a l s o a s having some errors. See 25/6. 25/6

YIN SHIH-TE, Tui "Chu Hsi ti t'ien-t'i yen-hua s s u hsiang" i-wen ti chi-tien i-chien (Some opinions on the e s s a y , "Chu H s i ' s Ideas about Astronomical Evolution") , JÇMIP, 1963, 10/25. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y

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Pointing out certain omissions in 25/5. 194

Sec. 26. 26/1

The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) HAO SHAN-CH1 UN, Tui Wang Yang-ming chu-kuan weihsin-chu-i ti p'i-p'an (A criticism of Wang Yangming's [ 1472-1529] subjective idealism), HCS, 1957, 4, pp. 30-35. Cn Col H HI UC UH USC W Y

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The idealism of Wang's doctrine that there is no principle outside of mind, the idealism of his doctrine of the extension of innate knowledge, and the reactionary nature of his theory of the unity of knowledge and action. The latter is considered reactionary because its sole emphasis is not on practice. Consequently, Wang's ethics is regarded as serving the ruling c l a s s and feudal society. 26/2

HSIAO SHA-FU. Fen-sui mi-hsin yang-ien ti wei-k'ohsueh (Crush the worship of the psuedo-science of Westerners), HCS, 1958, 9, pp. 13-21.

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A criticism of Chu Ch'ien-chih's description of the influence of Chinese philosophy on Europe. The writer complains that Catholicism is antiscientific, that the Jesuits came to China for the purpose of exploitation, and that to regard Europe a s the center of science is a superstition. See 26/6. 26/3

CHI WEN, Wang Yang-ming ko-chu ti ku-shih (The story of Wang Yang-ming investigating the principle of bamboo), CHYYC, 1959, 7, pp. 58-59. H UC UH The story of how the philosopher, sitting before some bamboo, tried to investigate the principle of bamboo.

26/4

HOU WAI-LU, Wang T'ing-hsiang ti wei-wu-chu-i chehsiieh ssu-hsiang (Wang T'ing-hsiang's [ 1474-1544] materialistic philosophical ideas), CHYC, 1959, 7, pp. 12-22. Chi Cn Col LC M P UC UH W Y 195

Wang's opposition to the i d e a l i s t i c philosophies of Wang Yang-ming and Shao Yung t f f t . (1011-1077), his rejection of the belief in spiritual b e i n g s , and his materialism based on the primacy of material force. 26/5

, Shih-liu shih-chi Chunq-kuo ti chin-pu ti c h e hsiieh s s u - c h ' a o k a i - s h u (A. general account of Chin e s e progressive philosophical currents in the s i x teenth century), LSYC, 1959, 10, pp. 39-60. Chi Cn HI L C M U H Y ^ t ® dm On various materialistic philosophers of this century in China, written for the journal Philosophical Problems , published in Soviet Russia.

26/6

CHU CH'IEN-CHIH, Kuan-vu shih-liu s h i h - c h ' i s h i h - c h i lai Hua Yeh-su Hui ti p ' i n q - c h i a w e n - t ' i (On the question of Jesuits who came to China in the s i x teenth and seventeenth centuries), HCS, 1959, 11, pp. 56-65. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M UC UCc UH USC WY A reply to 26/2. Criticizes the Jesuits for their ulterior motive in introducing natural s c i e n c e into China but recognizes their contributions.

26/7

JUNG CHAO-TSU, Liu Chi ti che-hsiieh s s u - h s i a n q c h i c h ' i s h e - h u i cheng-chih k u a n - t i e n (Liu C h i ' s [ 13111375] philosophical ideas and his social and political viewpoints), CHYC, 1961, 3, pp. 25-41. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind P UCc UH W &% U ^ X MJ ZOn Liu C h i ' s l i f e , world-view, epistemology, methodology, and social and political viewpoints. See 26/9.

196

26/8

K'UNG FAN, Wang Yang-ming ti chu-kuan wei-hsin-chu-i che-hsueh ssu-hsiang (Wang Yang-ming's subjective idealistic philosophical ideas), CHYYC, 1962, 4.

26/9

WANG FAN-CHIH, Liu Chi ti wei-hsin-chu-i tzu-jankuan (Liu Chi's idealistic view of Nature), KMTP, 1962, 5/4. Cn H Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y Commenting on 2 6 / 7 , the writer does not regard philosopher Liu a s a primitive materialist. See 26/10.

26/10

JUNG CHAO-TSU, Lun Liu Chi ti che-hsueh s s u - h s i a n g (On Liu Chi's philosophical thought), KMTP. 1962, 7/6. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y A reply to 26/9. Although it i s admitted that there i s an element of mysticism and idealism in Liu's philosophy, his b a s i c element in Nature i s material force.

26/11

WANG FAN-CHIH, Liu Chi shih su-p'u wei.-wu-chu-iche ma (Was Liu Chi a primitive materialist?), CHHK, 1963, 6 (A further discussion.

26/12

See 2 6 / 1 0 . )

YANG T'lEN-SHIH, Kuan-yu Wang Ken s s u - h s i a n g ti p'ing-chia (On the evaluation of Wang Ken's [ 14831540] i d e a s ) . HCS. 1963, 9, pp. 56-66. Cn H HI K LC UC UCLA UH W Criticizing the description of the Neo-Confucianist in Bl/17, and B 2 6 / 3 a . The philosopher i s here described a s a reactionary idealist and mystic.

197

Sec. 27. 27/1

Li C h i h £ f f i ( 1 5 2 7 - 1 6 0 2 ) FUNG YU-LAN, Ts'unq LI Chih s h u o - c h ' i (A d i s c u s s i o n with Li Chih a s the starting point), HCS, 1961, 2-3. Reprinted in B39/5, pp. 393-410. Quoting the writings of Mao Tse-tung on contradiction and the nature of struggle, Li is here presented a s evidence and a s an example of the mutual transformation of idealism and materialism.

27/2

CH'I-HSIANG, Li Chih t ' a n h s u e h - h s i (Li Chih on study), KMTP, 1962, 1/25. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y Progressive order, humility, independent thinking, etc.

27/3

SHU CH'U, Li Chih t'ung Keng Ting-hsiang ti i - c h ' a n g lun-cheng (A. debate between Li Chih and Keng Tinghsiang [ 1524-1596]), KMTP, 1963, 3 / 8 . Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y In his opposition to Neo-Confucianism, Keng w a s Li's chief target.

Sec. 28. 28/1

The Ch'ing Dynasty (1644-1912) YANG P'EI-CHIH, Yen Yuan ti c h e - h s u e h s s u - h s i a n q (YenYuan's [1635-1704] philosophical i d e a s ) , KMJP, 1957, 5/15. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH USC The social origin of his i d e a s , his primitive materiali s t i c view of the u n i v e r s e , his theory of knowledge 198

emphasizing practice, and his doctrine of human nature which is not free from traditional thought. 28/2

CHI WEN-FU, Huang Li-chou s s u - h s i a n g ti f e n - h s i (An a n a l y s i s of Huang T s u n g - h s i ' s [1610-1695] i d e a s ) , HCS. 1959, 12, pp. 37-39. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M UC UCc UH USC W Y

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His political ideas and system of learning. The philosopher is considered to have a democratic element but h i s democracy is limited b e c a u s e of t h e nature of the c l a s s to which he belonged. 28/3

Ho-nan s h i h - h s u e h - c h i e h t ' a o - l u n Hung h s i u - c h ' u a n ti s s u - h s i a n g yu Ju-chia ti k u a n - h s i w e n - t ' i (Historians of Honan Province d i s c u s s e d the question of Hung H s i u - c h ' u a n ' s [1813-1864] i d e a s and their relation with Confucianism), KM TP. 1961, 6 / 1 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH W

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On how Hung used Confucian i d e a l s likd Great Unity. 28/4

SHIH CHUN, Yen Yuan. CHYYC. 1962, 2.

28/5

YANG FENG-LIN, Kunq Tzu-chen c h e - h s u e h s s u - h s i a n g ti mao-tun (The contradictions of Kung T z u - c h e n ' s [ 1792-1841] philosophical i d e a s ) , KM IP, 1963, 1/11. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y Stressing the contradictions between his idealism, materialism, and dualism.

28/6

HUA SHAN and WANG KENG-T'ANG, Lun Ku Yen-wu s s u hsiang (On Ku Yen-wu's [1613-1682] i d e a s ) , WSC, 1963, 2 and 3.

199

Sec. 29. 29/1

Wang Fu-chih ¿ £ ¿ . ( 1 6 1 9 - 1 6 9 2 ) CHANG TAI-NIEN, Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n ti w e i - w u - l u n s s u - h s i a n g (Wang F u - c h i h ' s materialistic i d e a s ) , KM TP, 1954, 10/6. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH The historical background of his materialistic i d e a s , his theory of matter and its l a w s , his struggle a g a i n s t idealism, and the practical significance of his materialism. The philosopher is considered an intellectual from the middle landlord c l a s s who therefore retained an element of idealism but whose struggle against idealism is most meaningful.

29/2

WANG I, Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n ti s h e - h u i s s u - h s i a n g (Wang F u - c h i h ' s social i d e a s ) , WSC, 1955, 2, pp. 16-25, 9. Col H HI LC M UC

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Strong emphasis is placed on his patriotism, his doctrine of human nature and d e s i r e s , and his theory of h a b i t s . Wang i s praised a s a great philosopher whose starting point i s opposition to orthodoxy. This article plus some supplementary material c o n s t i t u t e s B 2 9 / 4 . 29/3

CHI WEN-FU, Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n ti w e i - w u - c h u - i s s u hsiang c h i - c h ' i w e i - h s i n - c h u - i ti t s a - c h i h (Wang Fuc h i h ' s materialistic thought and its impure element of idealism), CHYC, 1959, 3, pp. 22-28. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y

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The materialism is revealed in his opposition to the superstitious doctrine of the mutual influence of Heaven and man, in his opposition to n i h i l i s t i c Buddhism and Taoism, in his theory that Tao cannot be separated from concrete o b j e c t s , and in his theory that principle cannot be divorced from d e s i r e s . The idealism is found in the nonmaterialistic factor in his 200

theory of material force and in the mystical i d e a s of h i s view of history. 29/4

KUAN FENG, Wang Fu-chih ti Chuang Tzu t'unq (Wang F u - c h i h ' s Penetrating the Chuang Tzu). TMTP, 1961, 3/15. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC P UC UCc UCLA UH WY According to the writer, this is not a commentary a s such but a vehicle for an expression of W a n g ' s materialism and primitive dialectic i d e a s .

29/5

FUNG YU-LAN, Wang Fu-chih ti w e i - w u - c h u - i c h e hsueh ho p i e n - c h e n g - f a s s u - h s i a n g (Wang F u - c h i h ' s materialistic philosophy and his dialectic thought), PCTHHP, 1961, 3. Reprinted in B 3 9 / 5 , pp. 411-429. On his materialistic view of Nature, his epistemology and methodology, and his d i a l e c t i c i d e a s .

29/6

P'AN HSIANG, Ta-ta s h i h - t i t s o hsiieh-wen (Let us study on a firm ground), KMIP, 1962, 1/3. Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y i f Jk ¿¿W&f $ A report on a d i s c u s s i o n meeting in Wu-han ^ commemorating the anniversary of W a n g ' s birth. The point w a s brought out that Wang repeatedly changed the drafts of his writings and maintained a spirit of doubt throughout.

29/7

HOU WAI-LU and CHANG CH'I-CHIH, Wang Fu-chih ti che-hsileh s s u - h s i a n g (Wang F u - c h i h ' s philosophical i d e a s ) , TMTP, 1962, 7/17. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y On W a n g ' s continuing and developing the materialism of the past; his doctrine that the universe c o n s i s t s of 201

matter; h i s idea that motion i s a b s o l u t e , following d e f i n i t e l a w s , and b a s e d on i t s internal opposition; h i s doctrine of c o n c r e t e o b j e c t s ; and h i s theory of human nature. 29/8

KUAN FENG, Wang F u - c h i h ti Lao Tzu yen (Wang Fuc h i h ' s Elucidation of the Lao Tzu), TMIP, 1962, 8 / 3 0 , Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y In t h e opinion of t h i s w r i t e r , in t h i s commentary Wang c r i t i c i z e d Lao T z u ' s Tao and n o n - b e i n g and affirmed t h e d i a l e c t i c method in Lao T z u ' s p h i l o s o p h i c a l s y s tem.

29/9

CHI WEN-FU, Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n t i h s i i e h - s h u y u a n yuan (The source of Wang F u - c h i h ' s learning), HCS. 1962, 8, pp. 8 - 1 4 . Cn H HI K LC UCc UH W W a n g ' s r e l a t i o n s h i p with N e o - C o n f u c i a n i s t s l i k e Chang Tsai and Buddhist t h i n k e r s , and h i s opposition to Wang Yang-ming.

29/10

CHANG C H ' I - C H I H , Lun Wang F u - c h i h ti Chang Tzu Cheng-meng chu (On Wang F u - c h i h ' s Commentary on Chang T s a i ' s Correcting Youthful Ignorance), KMTP. 1962, 9 / 2 1 . Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y fat*How Wang e s t a b l i s h e d h i s own philosophical s y s t e m by utilizing t h e Book of C h a n g e s , how he c r i t i c i z e d t h e i d e a l i s t i c view of the u n i v e r s e and epistemology of t h e Buddhists and t h e T a o i s t s , and how he i n t e r preted the c o n c e p t s of principle and human nature.

29/11

KAO CHIAO-FU, Wang Fu-chih lun j e n - h s i n g (Wang Fuchih on human n a t u r e ) , HSYK, 1962, 9.

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29/12

TANG MING-PANG, Lueh-lun Chou-i wai-chuan chung "chen-ch'ang chih-pien" "yen-t'ien yu-jen" ti piencheng ssu-hsiang (A brief discussion on the dialectic ideas of "making the normal correct and controlling changes" and "prolonging Nature and blessing man" in the Outer Commentary on the Book of Changes), CHHP, 1962, 9.

29/13

CH'EN K'O-MING, Lueh-lun Wang Ch'uan-shan ti c h e hsueh ssu-hsiang (A brief discussion on Wang Fuchih's philosophical ideas), KM TP, 1962, 10/26. Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC Y A brief account of how Wang utilized the dialectic method to prove the objective existence of the universe and the progressive and necessary nature of society. See 2 9 / 1 6 .

29/14

WANG HSIAO-YU, Chieh-shao Wang Fu-chih ti Chou-i wai-chuan Shang-shu yin-i Lao Tzu yen ho Chuang Tau t'ung (Introducing Wang Fu-chih 1 s Outer Commentary on the Book of Changes, the Explanation of the Meanings of the Book of History, the Elucidation of the Lao Tzu and the Penetrating the Chuang Tzu), CHYC. 1962, 5, pp. 86-89. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P Pa UC UCc UH Y

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The writer thinks that in these four books, Wang inferred the changes of phenomena, expounded his doctrine of the mind and nature, revealed the process of his own thoughts, and went beyond Chuang Tzu, respectively. 29/15

KUAN FENG, Wang Fu-chih tui Lao Tzu che-hsueh ti p'i p'ing (Wang Fu-chih 1 s criticism of Lao Tzu's philosophy),

203

KM TP, 1962, 11/13. UCLA UH USC W Y

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How Wang demolished Lao Tzu's theory of non-being. 29/16

YEN CH'ANG-KUEI, Tui "Lueh-lun Wang Ch'uan-shan che-hsiieh ssu-hsiang" i-wen ti chih-i (Questions about the essay, "A Brief Discussion on Wang Fuchih's Philosophical Ideas"), KM TP. 1962, 11/16. Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y Criticizes the idea in 2 9 / 1 3 that Wang is similar to Engels, although Wang recognizes that Tao is independent of man and that matter and natural laws are inseparable.

29/17

HSIAO SHA-FU, Ch'ien-lun Wang Fu-chih ti li-shih chehsiieh (A simple discussion on Wang Fu-chih's philosophy of history), CHHP, 1962, 11.

29/18

JEN CHI-YU, Wei-wu-chu-i ti Wang Fu-chih wei-shenme fan-tui wei-wu-chu-i ti Lao Tzu (Why did materialistic Wang Fu-chih oppose materialistic Lao Tzu?), KM TP, 1962, 12/21. Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y i A- ft i A i ^ A i * fr Lao Tzu taught that being comes from non-being and that Tao exists before things. Wang himself is criticized by the writer for his c l a s s prejudice in criticizing Lao Tzu because Lao Tzu's concept of non-being, according to the writer, was a weapon in the struggles of ideas at the time and represented the high point in primitive materialism.

29/19

CHI WEN-FU, Tui-yu Wang Ch'uan-shan li-shih-kuan ti i-hsieh ts'u-ch'ien jen-shih (Some crude and shallow 204

understanding of Wang F u - c h i h ' s view of history), CHHP. 1962, 12.

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29/20

CHOU T'lAO-YANG, Wang Ch'uan-shan ko-chunq chushu yuan-ch'eng ti shih-ch'i (The periods in which Wang F u - c h i h ' s various works were completed), CHHP. 1962, 12.

29/21

FUNG YU-LAN, Tui-yu Wang Ch'uan-shan c h e - h s u e h ti i - h s i e h k ' a n - f a (A certain view of Wang F u - c h i h ' s philosophy), CHHP, 1962, 12.

29/22

KUAN FENG, Kuan-yii chin-i-pu yen-chiu Wang Ch'uanshan c h e - h s u e h ssu-hsiang ti w e n - t ' i (On the question of going a step further in the study of Wang F u - c h i h ' s philosophical i d e a s ) , CHHP, 1962, 12. £

29/23

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29/24

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HSIAO SHA-FU, Wang Fu-chih c h e - h s u e h s s u - h s i a n g c h ' u - t ' a n (A preliminary investigation of Wang Fuchih's philosophical i d e a s ) , CHYC, 196"2, 6 , pp. 4 7 6 7 , 36. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P Pa UC U C c UH W Y

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Only on his view of nature and h i s epistemology, praising his creative i d e a s and progressive spirit. 29/25

T'AN SHUANG-CH'ÜAN, Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n lun chih vü hsing (Wang Fu-chih on knowledge and action), CHHP, 1962, 12.

29/26

WU TSE, Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n l i - s h i h - k u a n l u e h - l u n (A. brief d i s c u s s i o n on Wang F u - c h i h ' s view of history), CHHP. 1962, 12.

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29/27

YANG JUNG-KUO, Tui ven-chiu Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n c h e hsiieh s s u - h s i a n g ti c h i - t i e n i - c h i e n (Several opinions on the study of Wang F u - c h i h ' s philosophical i d e a s ) , CHHP. 1962, 12.

29/28

Chi-nien Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n h s u e h - s h u t ' a o - l u n - h u i t ' a o - l u n ti w e n - t ' i (Problems d i s c u s s e d at the Wang Fu-chih memorial academic d i s c u s s i o n meeting), CHHP, 1962, 12.

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Kuan-yu Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n c h e - h s u e h t ' i - h s i ti t ' a o - l u n (Discussions on Wang F u - c h i h ' s philosophical s y s tem), KMTP. 1963, 1/10. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y A brief report on d i s c u s s i o n s in Hunan and Hupei provinces.

29/30

HU PI-NAN, Kuan-yu Wang C h ' u a n - s h a n h s u e h - s h u s s u hsiang ti c h i - k o w e n - t ' i (Several problems concerning Wang F u - c h i h ' s learning and i d e a s ) , TMTP, 1963, 2 / 9 . Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC WY 206

^ f i ^ f A summary of d i s c u s s i o n s on November 18, 1962, by Hunan and Hupei scholars. The questions d i s c u s s e d were the relationship between principle and the mind, the relationship between knowledge and a c t i o n , W a n g ' s ideas of society and history, and his political and nationalistic concepts. 29/31

CHUNG HSING-CHIN, Wang Fu-chih tui Lao Tzu c h e hsiieh ti p ' i - p ' a n shih c h e - h s u e h shih shanq l i a n q t ' i a o l u - h s i e n ti tou-chenq (Wang F u - c h i h ' s criticism of Lao Tzu's philosophy represents a struggle of two l i n e s of thought in the history of philosophy), CHYC, 1963, 5, pp. 71-78. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P

According to the writer, the b a s i c . d i f f e r e n c e between Wang and Lao Tzu is that, while the latter s p l i t s Tao and things into two, the former makes them identical. Thus Wang's materialism r e p r e s e n t s the highest peak in the history of the development of Chinese materialism and i s a l s o a strong weapon in the struggle a g a i n s t objective idealism. See 10b/ 33.

Sec. 30. 30/1

Tai Chenffil %• (1723-1777) CHOU FU-CH'ENG, Tai Chen ti c h e - h s u e h (Tai C h e n ' s philosophy), CHYC. 1956, 3, pp. 79-105. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH USC W Y The origin of his i d e a s , his view of Nature, his t h e ory of t h e Way of Heaven a s the transformation and evolution of the material force, his doctrine of social 207

ethics, his identification of the necessary and the natural, and his identification of principle and desires. 30/2

SUN CHEN-TUNG, Lun Tai Chen fan-tui li-hsiieh w e i hsin-chu-i ti tou-cheng (On Tai Chen's struggle against the idealism of the School of Principle), CHuHK, 1962, 1.

30/3

MAO HUAI-HSIN, Kuan-yii Tai Chen che-hsiieh ssuhsianq ti p'inq-chia w e n - t ' i (On the question of the evaluation of Tai Chen's philosophical ideas), CHuHK, 1963, 1.

30/4

Kuan-yii Tai Chen che-hsiieh ssu-hsiang ti t'ao-lun (Concerning discussions on Chang Tsai's philosophical ideas), MKTP, 1963, 5/31. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y

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A report on the discussions at the Philosophical Society in Anhui Province. Problems discussed were the relationship between Tao and the material force, Tai's doctrine of human nature, and his epistemology.

Sec. 31.

31/1

K'anq Yu-wei M. t h (1858-1927) and T'an Ssu-t'unq )*] (1865-1898) YANG HSIANG-K'UEI, K'anq Yu-wei ssu-hsiang p'i-p'an (A criticism of K'ang Yu-wei's ideas), WSC, 1952, 5, pp. 38-40. Col HI LC UC

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The conclusion is that K'ang's political reform ultimately failed because the enlightened landlord class,

208

to which he belonged and whose demands he heeded, did not engage in a struggle in behalf of the m a s s e s . 31/2

CHENG HO-SHENG, Lun T'an Ssu-t'unq pien-fa s s u hsiang c h i - c h ' i l i - s h i h i - i (On T'an S s u - t ' u n g ' s ideas about political reform and their historical s i g n i f i c a n c e ) , WSC, 1954, 9, pp. 4 1 - 4 7 . Col HI LC M UC UCc UH 3 A On T ' a n ' s criticism of feudalism, the combination of his radical ideas and narrow nationalism, and his strong idealism which prevented him from getting onto the road of revolution. See 31/ 5.

31/3

YANG CHENG-TIEN, T'an Ssu-t'unq s s u - h s i a n g y e n - c h i u (A study of T'an S s u - t ' u n g ' s i d e a s ) , KM TP, 1954, 1 1 / 3 , 17. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH tfot&r *% ft % % iq % The s o c i a l background of T ' a n ' s ideas and the l o g i c a l premises of his theories. See B31/ 4,

31/4

LI TSE-HOU, Lun K'ang Yu-wei ti Ta-t'ung shu (On K'ang Y u - w e i ' s Book of Great Unity), W S C , 1955, 2, pp. 1 0 - 1 5 . Col HI LC M UC According to the writer, K'ang's inferior historical evolutionism led to many contradictions in this book; while it has some profound and great i d e a s , it l a c k s the spirit of struggle. See 31/10 and 31/14.

31/5

TUNG-NI, Kuan-yu T'an Ssu-t'ung pien-fa s s u - h s i a n g ti pu-ch'unq i - c h i e n (Supplementary opinions on T'ang S s u - t ' u n g ' s ideas about political reform), KM TP, 1955, 3 / 3 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH i i f A3 l5)

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Neo-Confucianists like Wang Fu-chih but neglected the influence of later figures such as Yen Fu (1853-1921). 31/6

LI TSE-HOU, Lun T'an Ssu-t'ung ti che-hsiieh ssuhsiang ho she-hui cheng-chih kuan-tien (On T'an Ssu-t'ung's philosophical ideas and his social and political viewpoints), HCS , 1955, 7. Cn Col H HI LC UC UH USC W

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The view expressed here is that T'an has many contradictions such as those between idealism and materialism, between the dialectic method and metaphysics, and between science and democratic reform. The conclusion, however, is that although T'an seems to be an idealist, he is strongly materialistic. See 31/ 9; 31/7

SUN CH'ANG-CHIANG, Shih-lun T'an Ssu-t'ung (An attempt at discussing T'an Ssu-t'ung), CHYYC, 1955, 10. UC USC Reprinted in B28/10, pp. 34-62. Tan's life, the origin of his ideas, his theory of ether, his view of evolution, and his ideas of society and history. T'an is regarded here as an idealist and a representative of the newly arising capitalist c l a s s . See 31/13.

31/8

CHANG YU-T'IEN, Lun T'an Ssu-t'ung che-hsiieh ssuhsiang ti wei-hsin-chu-i hsinq-chih (On the idealistic nature of T'an Ssu-t'ung's ideas), KM TP, 1956, 5/16. Chi Cn H K LC UC UCc UH Criticizes the author of B31/4, who considered T'an as a materialist. It is believed by the writer of this article that T'an was an idealist, since his fundamental ideas came from the subjective idealism of Buddhism, and that it is not correct to describe him 210

as materialistic simply because he has absorbed something from Western science and Western theories of knowledge. 31/9

SUN CH'ANG-CHIANG, T'an Ssu-t'unq shih wei-wu-chu i-che ma (Was T'an Ssu-t'ung a materialist?), CHYYC, 1956, 10, pp. 47-58. LC UC UH Criticizes 31/6. The real nature of T'an's idealism, it is contended, is determined by his class and his time, but he made a great contribution in opposing feudalism. See 31/13.

31/10

T'ANG CHI-CHUN, Kuan-yii K'ang Yu-wei ti Ta-tung shu (On K'ang Yu-wei's Book of Great Unity), WSC, 1957, 1, pp. 38-42.' Col HI LC UC It is maintained that the author of 31/4 failed to reali z e that the book was written in 1902 or 1905, and therefore the appraisal was wrong. See 31/14 and 31/15.

31/11

LI TSE-HOU, Lun K'ang Yu-wei ti che-hsiieh ssu-hsianq (On K'ang Yu-wei's philosophical ideas), CHYC, 1957, 1, pp. 71-92. Cn Col H HI P UC UCc UH W The evolution of his philosophical system, naturalism as the foundation of his philosophy, his materialistic viewpoint, and the ultimate degeneration of his inferior materialism into subjective idealism.

31/12

LIN K'O-KUANG, Lun Ta-t'unq shu (On the Book of Great Unity), in B28/10, pp. 1-33. '/L fit' After explaining the origin and the formation of the book andK'ang's criticism of feudalism and capitalism, the writer proceeds to say that K'ang w a s , after a l l , a representative of the newly arising capitalist class and did not really want China to g i v e up capitalism; 211

therefore his world of Great Unity w a s nothing more than an illusion of Paradise. 31/13

LI TSE-HOU, Kuan-yu T'an S s u - t ' u n q c h e - h s u e h s s u hsiang ti yen-chiu (On the study of T'an S s u - t ' u n g ' s philosophical i d e a s ) , CHYC, 1957, 3, pp. 68-86. Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y

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Refutes the description in 31/7 and 3 1 / 9 of T ' a n ' s ether a s empty, a b s t r a c t , and spiritual. See 3 1 / 1 6 , 3 1 / 1 9 . 31/14

CHANG YU-T'IEN, Kuan-yu Ta-t'unq shu ti h s i e h - t s o k u o - c h ' e n g c h i - c h ' i nei-yung f a - c h a n p i e n - f a tl t ' a n t'ao (An investigation on the p r o c e s s of the writing of the Book of Great Unity and the development and changes of its contents), WSC, 1957, 9, pp. 55-60. Cn Col HI LC M UC UCc UH

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A r e s p o n s e to 31/4 and 3 1 / 1 0 , taking a different p o s i tion with regard to the story and contents of the book concerned. See 31/19. 31/15

LI TSE-HOU, Ta-t'ung shu ti p ' i n q - c h i a w e n - t ' i yii h s i e h t s o n i e n - t a i (The problems of appraising the Book of Great Unity and the period in which it w a s written), WSC, 1957, 9, pp. 51-54. Cn Col H LC M UC UCc UH

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A reply to 3 1 / 1 0 , arguing t h a t , although the book w a s written in 1901 to 1902, h i s i d e a s originated much earlier. 31/16

SUN CH'ANG-CHIANG, Kuan-yii T'an S s u - t ' u n g c h e hsueh s s u - h s i a n q y e n - c h i u ti c h i - k o w e n - t ' i (Several q u e s t i o n s concerning the study of T'an S s u - t ' u n g ' s philosophical i d e a s ) , ÇHYYÇ, 1957, 10, pp. 63-69. LC UC USC 212

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4 f '4 fai 9 # f M M On T'an's contradictions, namely, the contradiction between materialism and idealism and that between the dialectic method and metaphysics.

31/27

CH'EN KU-CHIA on K'ang Yu-wei, CHHP. 1963, 3. (A criticism of 3 1 / 1 9 . )

31/28

TAI I and LI WEN-HAI, Lun K'ang Yu-wei ti Ta-t'ung shu (On K'anq Yu-wei's Book of Great Unity), TMTP, 1963, 4/6. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y K'ang i s here regarded a s representing the semicolonial capitalist c l a s s . His view of man i s considered to be that of man without a c l a s s nature or social foundation.

215

31/29

T'ANG CHI-CHUN, Ten-hsiieh pan-pen t'an-yuan (Tracing the source of the editions of the Philosophy of Humanity), HSYK. 1963, 5.

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Sec. 32. 32/1

Sun Yat-sen

M (1866-1925)

CHIA T'ING-CH'U, Sun Chung-shan ti che-hsiieh ssuhsiang (Sun Yat-sen's philosophical ideas), HCS, 1956, 10, pp. 3 1 - 3 2 . Cn Col HI LC UC UH USC W The writer thinks that Sun Yat-sen was a materialist; that Sun believed that the universe came from the Great Ultimate (that i s , ether), that the human race evolved from things, and that things are substance while spirit is function; and that in Sun's theory of knowledge there is not a little of the dialectic method.

32/2

YANG CHENG-TIEN, Sun Chung-shan Hsien-shenq ti chehsiieh ssu-hsiang (Master Sun Yat-sen's philosophical ideas), CHYYC. 1957, 1, pp. 4 0 - 4 6 . LC UC UCc UH USC The writer does not believe that the materialistic and dialectic elements are important in Sun Y a t - s e n ' s thought, because of the fact that he waivered between materialism and idealism but had a correct understanding of the relationship between thing and spirit. After discussing Sun's theory of action and knowledge, the origin of the universe, and the revolutionary nature of the Three People's Principles, the writer states that Sun entered the correct path only after he received help from the Chinese Communists. 216

32/3

WANG JEN-CHIH, Sun Chunq-shan ti chenq-chih s s u hsianq (The political ideas of Sun Yat-sen), in B28/10, pp. 134-173. Maintains that Sun was a great man because he opposed imperialism and feudalism, but that because of the limitations of his views of history, c l a s s e s , and universe he could not avoid the conflict of revolution and compromise.

32/4

HOU WAI-LU, Sun Chunq-shan ti che-hsüeh ssu-hsianq chi-ch'i chenq-chih ssu-hsianq ti lien-hsi (The connections between Sun Yat-sen's philosophical ideas and his political ideas), LSYC, 1957, 2, pp. 1-22. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y Ak & « # t & & ** 4 « ** I Believes that the idealistic element in his thought penetrated his political ideas, especially in his doctrines of economics and history and in his democracy. But, according to the writer, he was saved by his materialistic thought.

32/5

LI KUANG-TS'AN and KUO YUN-P'ENG, Sun Chunq-shan ti che-hsüeh ssu-hsianq (Sun Yat-sen 1 s philosophical ideas), CHYC. 1962, 4, pp. 58-72. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M Pa UC UCc UH W Y The writer says that Sun waivered between idealism and materialism but that this is understandable.

32/6

CHAO CHI-PIN, Sun Chunq-shan Hsien-shenq ti tzu-jan k'o-hsüeh ssu-hsianq (Master Sun Yat-sen's scientific ideas), CSWHCK, 1943, 1. Reprinted-in B 4 3 / 5 , pp. 1-14. Sun's fundamental ideas are considered a s having originated from the principles of natural science since, 217

it is s a i d , the fundamental nature of his revolution and that of natural s c i e n c e are the same. 32/7

, Sun Chunq-shan H s i e n - s h e n q ti Chunq-kuo ti ku-yu s s u - h s i a n q lun (On Master Sun Y a t - s e n ' s originally Chinese i d e a s ) , CSWHCK, 1944, 11-12. Reprinted in B 4 3 / 5 , pp. 15-30. The originally Chinese i d e a s mentioned are t h e Great Unity, the doctrine of knowledge and action, and the i d e a s of loyalty, filial piety, humanity, and love. But, according to the writer, Sun w a s not merely r e storing old morality; he gave it a new meaning.

Sec. 33. 33/1

Other Recent Thinkers WANG CHIEH-P'ING, Lun kai-lianq c h u - i - c h e Liang C h ' i - c h ' a o (On the reformist Liang C h ' i - c h ' a o ) , in B28/15, pp. 63-98. Liang is here described a s a reactionary reformer w h o s e ideas and views of the universe are fundamentally no different from t h o s e of Hu Shih and Liang Sou-ming, although the degrees of their reactionism and their expressions of it are different.

33/2

FUNG YU-LAN, Liang C h ' i - c h ' a o ti s s u - h s i a n q (Liang C h ' i - c h ' a o ' s i d e a s ) , in B28/15, pp. 128-141. A d i s c u s s i o n of Liang's i d e a s of political reform and h i s theory of the "new people. " This article c o n cludes that Liang's i d e a s are reactionary b e c a u s e he denied that in the history of Chinese thought there w a s a struggle between p e a s a n t s and landlords. 218

Consequently, in spite of his progressive elements, Liang ultimately became reactionary. 33/3

MA TS'AI, Ts'ai Yuan-p'ei ti s s u - h s i a n q (Ts'ai Yuanp ' e i ' s [ 1868-1940] i d e a s ) , in B28/15, pp. 163-172. hkto & % His opposition to religion, his advocacy of a e s t h e t i c education, and his social i d e a s , such a s promotion of labor. The l a t t e r , it is s t a t e d , is not socialism b e c a u s e Ts'ai opposed c l a s s struggle.

33/4

SHIH CHUN, Li Ta-chao yii Ch'en Tu-hsiu ti s s u - h s i a n g (Li T a - c h a o ' s [ 1886-1927] and Ch'en T u - h s i u ' s [ 1879-1942] i d e a s ) , in B28/15, pp. 173-199. ^ >1 f £ 4 ** f & & Li's revolutionary a c t i v i t i e s , his propagation of Marxism (he w a s the first one to do so in China), his materialistic viewpoint, his early a n t i f e u d a l i s m , his social i d e a s , his eventual betrayal of t h e revolution, and surrender to the c a p i t a l i s t c l a s s .

33/5

WANG WEI-CH'ENG, Chang T'ai-ven ti s s u - h s i a n q (Chang T a i - y e n ' s [ 1868-1936] i d e a s ) , in B28/15, pp. 142-162. His political i d e a s , philosophical thought, and g e n eral learning.

33/6

FUNG YU-LAN, Ts'unq H o - h s u - l i tao Yen Fu (From Huxley to Yen Fu), KMJP, 1961, 3 / 8 , 9. Chi Cn H K LC UC UCc UH Reprinted in B39/5, pp. 455-660.

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33/7

Their evolutionism, their a g n o s t i c i s m , the former's negative function in Europe and t h e l a t t e r ' s positive function in China. YANG CH'AO, CHANG CH'I-CHIH, HO CHAO-WU, and HUANG HSUAN-MIN, Yen Fu c h e - h s u e h s s u - h s i a n q 219

shih-t'an (An attempt to investigate the ideas of Yen Fu), CHYC, 1961, 3, pp. 4 2 - 5 1 . Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M P UCc UH W Y ^¿bft

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The story of his early materialism and his fall into idealism in later life. 33/8

Sec. 34. 34/1

FUNG YU-LAN, Chang T ' a i - y e n t s a i Min-pao s h i h - c h ' i ti che-hsiieh s s u - h s i a n g (Chang T ' a i - y e n ' s philosophical ideas during his Min-pao & fa [ P e o p l e ' s journal] period), WHP, 1961, 7 / 1 4 . Reprinted in B 3 9 / 5 , pp. 467-477 4 Jit' His atheism, his subjective idealism, and his ultimate nihilism.

Hu Shih tA

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(1891-1962)

SUN TING-KUO, Hu Shih s s u - h s i a n g fan-tung shih-chih ti p ' i - p ' a n (A criticism of the reactionary nature of Hu Shih's i d e a s ) . KMTP. 1955, 1, pp. 4 1 - 5 9 . Chi Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y Elaborated in B 3 4 / 3 , pp. 126-178. a

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Dewey's empiricism is not considered a s anything new, and Hu Shih's promotion of it in China is r e garded a s an attempt to oppose Marxism. Hu's own method is rejected a s that of idealism. 34/2

CHIN YUEH-LIN, WANG TZU-SUNG, CHANG SHIH-YING, and HUANG NAN-SEN, P ' i - p ' a n Hu Shih shih-yungc h u - i c h e - h s u e h (A criticism of Hu Shih's pragmatic philosophy), PCTHHP . 1955, 1. Reprinted in B 3 4 / 9. pp. 3 - 2 5 . 2 20

Hu's pragmatism is attacked as antirationalistic idealism based on blind impulse, and his concept of experience is attacked as primarily a matter of consciousness and only secondarily as that of matter. 34/3

FUNG YU-LAN, Che-hsueh shih yu chenq-chih—lun Hu Shih che-hsiieh-shih kunq-tso ho t ' a - t i fan-tunq ti chenq-chih lu-hsien ti lien-hsi (The history of philosophy and politics—on the relation between Hu Shih's work on the history of philosophy and his reactionary political line), CHYC, 1955, 1. Chi Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y Reprinted in B34/8, pp. 81-98.

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LI TSE-HOU, Ch'uan-kuo kuanq-fan chan-k'ai p'i-p'an tzu-ch'an chieh-chi wei-hsin-chu-i hsuan-ch'uan Ma-k'o-ssu-chu-i wei-wu-chu-i ti tou-chenq (The whole country broadly extends the struggle of c r i t i c i z ing the idealism of the capitalist class and propagating Marxian materialism), CHYC, 1955, 1, pp. 131135. Chi Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y

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LI TA, Hu Shih ssu-hsianq p'i-p'an (A criticism of Hu Shih's ideas), HCS. 1955, 1, pp. 2-6. HI LC TU

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Criticizing Hu's pragmatism and his worship of America. 34/6

YANG JUNG-KUO, Hu Shih ti fan-tung kuan-tien ho ta tui-yu Chung-kuo ku-tai che-hsueh ti wai-ch'ii 221

(Hu Shih's reactionary viewpoint and his distortion of ancient Chinese philosophy), CSTHHP, 1955, 1. Reprinted in B43/1, pp. 156-174. Shows how, because of his subjective idealism, Hu distorted Chinese philosophy, e. g. , his interpretation of the materialism of Mo Tzu and Han Fei, which is full of spirit of struggle, in terms of pragmatism. 34/7

FUNG YU-LAN and CHU PO-KTTN, P'i-p'an Hu Shih Chunq-kuo che-hsueh shih ta-kang ti shih-yunq-chu-i - kuan-tien ho fang-fa (A criticism of the pragmatic viewpoint and method of Hu Shih's Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy), TMTP, 1955, 6/24. Chi Cn H LC UC UCc UH Reprinted in PCTHHP. 1955, 1, and B34/9, pp. 93-118. Hu distorted the objects of the history of philosophy, misinterpreted the reasons for the origin of Chinese philosophy, used his vulgar evolutionism to obliterate the tendencies of the development of ancient Chinese thought, and dogmatically evaluated ancient Chinese philosophy in terms of results.

34/8

CHIN YUEH-LIN. P'i-p'an shih-vunq-chu-i-che Tu-wei ti shih-chieh-kuan (A criticism of the world view of Dewey, the pragmatist), CHYC. 1955, 2, pp. 3-27. Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y Reprinted in B34/ 9, pp. 26-58.

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According to the writer, Dewey's world view is subjective idealistic empiricism, cheap evolutionism, antirationalistic epistemology, and blind activism in fighting against pragmatism. The writer says we must struggle against Hu Shih's ideas. 222

34/9

HOU WAI-LU, Ts'unq tui-tai che-hsileh i-ch'an ti kuantien fang-fa ho li-ch'ang p'i-p'an Hu Shih tsen-yang t'u-mo ho mu-mieh Chunq-kuo che-hsiieh-shih (A criticism, from the viewpoint, method, and position of handling the philosophical heritage, of Hu Shih's way of obliterating and slandering the history of Chinese philosophy), CHYC, 1955, 2, pp. 92-116. Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y Because his pragmatism came from the epistemology of idealism, and because he used Dewey's standard in his treatment of the history of Chinese philosophy, Hu wanted to substitute the imperialistic gamblers' view of life for the tranquil Chinese view of l i f e , and twisted traditional materialism and interpreted it from the pragmatic point of view.

34/10

YEN MING-HSIEN and TS'E KOU, P'i-p'an tzu-ch'an chieh-chi wei-hsin-chu-i s s u - h s i a n g tou-chenq chihsii k'ai-chan (The struggle of criticizing the idealism of the capitalist c l a s s continues to extend), CHYC, 1955, 2, pp. 157-158. Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y A report on the criticisms of Hu Shih and Liang Souming in various newspapers and journals.

34/11

YEN MING-HSIEN, Chi-hsu shen-ju-ti p'i-p'an Hu Shih fan-tung ti tzu-ch'an chieh-chi wei-hsin-lun (Continuing to criticize deeply Hu Shih's reactionary idealism of the capitalist c l a s s ) , CHYC, 1955, 3, pp. 149-150. Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y A report on criticisms of Hu's pragmatism and his efforts to destroy Confucianism in various newspapers and journals. 223

34/12

CHANG SHIH-YING. K'o-hsueh vu hsiian-hsueh lun-chan chunq ti Hu Shih p'ai so-wei k'o-hsueh ti f a n - k ' o hsueh hsing (The antiscientific nature of what the Hu Shih clique called " s c i e n c e " in the controversy over s c i e n c e and metaphysics). CHYC. 1956, 1, pp. 7 1 84. Chi Cn Col HI LC P UC UCc UH USC W Y The antiscientific nature consists in the refusal to acknowledge that there can be an objective, physical world separated from human c o n s c i o u s n e s s , in regarding scientific laws a s accidental and not the n e c e s sary nature of the objective world, and in considering life as determined by heredity and the psychic structure.

34/13

CHANG HENG-SHOU, Chieh-lu pina p'i-p'an Hu Shih piao-pang fan-li-hsueh ti li-shih yuan-yuan ho fantunq pen-chih (Exposing and criticizing the historical origin and the fundamental, reactionary nature of Hu Shih's assuming the false front of opposing the Rational Philosophy), CHYC, 1956, 2, pp. 1 8 - 4 0 . Chi Cn H HI LC M P UC UCc UH USC W Y

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How Hu, in his treatments of Ch'ing Dynasty thinkers, revealed the real nature of his opposition to the people, his disloyalty to the country, and his selfishness. 34/14

CH'I SSU-HO, P'i-p'an Hu Shih p'ai tui-yu shih-chieh shih fan-tung wei-hsin kuan-tien (A criticism of the reactionary, idealistic viewpoint of the Hu Shih clique toward world history), LSYC, 1956, 6, pp. 2 3 - 4 2 . Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y f & f r ty 4 * if j-itjf^ .L Condemning Hu's national nihilism and his Europecenter-ism. 224

Sec. 35. 35/1

Liang Sou-minq

(1893—)

HANG SOU-MING, Kuo-ch'ing-iih ti i-p'ien lao-shih hua (An essay of true words on the National AnniversaryHoliday) , WHP, Hong Kong, 1950, 10/1. H LC UCc UH W Liang says, in effect, that on this day China is resurrected from death.

35/2

, Liang-nien-lai wo yu-le na-hsieh pien (What changes took place in me in years?), KMTP, 1951, 1 0 / 5 . H LC UCc TKP. Chungking, 1951, 10/16-19. H HI

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The writer now has a new understanding of the nature of feudalism and the idea of c l a s s struggle, but, he adds, no force should be employed in this struggle. He adds that he is not entirely devoid of materialism. 35/3

Liang Sou-ming fa-yen (Oral statement by Liang Souming), TKP, Hong Kong, 1951, 11/1. H HI WTC # i In this statement before the People's Political Consultative Council, Liang promised that from then on he would study under the direction of the Communist Party in order to transform himself.

35/4

SHEN MING, Ts'unq "chuan-pien" chung ti ien-shih Liang Hsien-sheng (Understanding Mr. Liang through his "changes"), TKP, Chungking, 1951, 11/17. URI WTC •?& U M i" t ^ Pointing out Liang's errors.

35/5

FUNG YU-LAN, P'i-p'an Liang Sou-ming Hsien-sheng ti wen-hua-kuan ho ts'un-chih li-lun (A criticism of 225

Mr. Liang Sou-ming's view of civilization and his theory for rural government), TMTP. 1955, 5 / 1 1 . Chi Cn Col H HI LC M UC UCc UH USC W Reprinted in B35/1, pp. 3 - 1 0 . ykA.% ?% ¡S it Liang is criticized for taking China to be an ethical society based on sentiments, for denying that there are oppositions between c l a s s e s , and for trying to compete with the Communist Party for the support of the people and the intellectuals. 35/6

T'ANG YUNG-T'UNG and JEN CHI-YU, P'i-p'an Liang Sou-minq ti chih-chiao-chu-i ti chu-kuan wei-hsinchu-i ti shih-chieh-kuan (Criticizing Liang Sou-ming's intuitive and subjective idealistic world view), PCTHHP. 1955, 2, pp. 1-15. Cn LC UC UCc UH The true nature and the harmful effect of Liang's vitalism: his reactionary viewpoint, his opposition to c l a s s struggle, his effort to make the Chinese slaves and to make them fall into religion, his antirevolutionary attitude, and his slandering of Chinese culture.

35/7

HO LIN. P'i-p' an Liang Sou—ming ti chih—chiao—chu—i (A criticism of Liang Sou-ming's intuitionism), HCS, 1955, 8. Cn H HI LC UC UH USC W Reprinted in B35/1, pp. 3 2 - 4 0 . His subjective idealistic view of the world, his antiscientific epistemology, and his reactionism.

35/8

CHU PO-K'UN, P'i-p'an Liang Sou-ming Hsien-sheng ti wen-hua-kuan (A criticism of Mr. Liang Sou-ming's view of civilization), CHYC, 1955, 3. Cn C HI LC UC UCc W Y Reprinted in B 3 5 / 1 , pp. 145-165. -M &

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His reactionary and subjective i d e a l i s t i c foundation, his feudalism and imperialism, and his antirevolutionism. 35/9

YEN MING-HSIEN, Tui Liang Sou-ming ti fan-tung s s u hsiang c h a n - k ' a i p ' i - p ' i n g (Extending the criticism of Liang Sou-ming's reactionary i d e a s ) , CHYC, 1955, 3, pp. 150-151. Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y

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A report of criticisms in various newspapers and journals of Liang's rural reconstruction and h i s i d e a s originating from Buddhism and Wang Yang-ming i tf (1472-1529). 35/10

AI SSU-CH'I, P ' i - p ' a n Liang Sou-ming ti che-hsiieh s s u hsiang (ft criticism of Liang Sou-ming's philosophical i d e a s ) , CHYC, 1955, 14, pp. 33-71. Chi Cn H HI LC UC UCc UH W Y On Liang's subjective idealism and his f e u d a l i s t i c idea of returning to the past.

35/11

TZU-CH'I, Tui Liang Sou-ming fan-tung l i - l u n c h a n - k ' a i k u a n g - f a n ti s h e n - j u ti p ' i - p ' i n g (Extending the broad and penetrating criticism of Liang Sou-ming's r e a c tionary theories), CHYC, 1955, 4, pp. 158-159. Chi Cn H HI LC P UC UH W Y 4 «&. A. Ia if a t M- wi k&w '-flik

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The two reactionary ideas are imperialism, represented by Hu Shih, and feudalism, represented by Liang Sou-ming. Because of his new learning, Fung said, he has changed his ideas about Eastern and Western civilizations. 39a/9

Fung Yu-lan ti fa-yen (Oral statement by Fung Yu-lan), KM TP. 1956, 2 / 3 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH

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This speech was made at a large gathering which is not identified. In this speech Fung said that intellectuals must reconstruct themselves through their own awakening, but that the leadership of the Party is also necessary. 39a/10

, Kuo-ch'u che-hsueh shih kung-tso ti tzu-wo p'i-p'an (Self-criticism regarding my work in the past on the history of philosophy), TMTP, 1956, 7 / 2 8 . Chi Cn H K LC UC UCc UH Reprinted in PCTHHP. 1956, 2, pp. 15-28. Chi Cn HI LC UC W jiitf^StJ^AMJAfJ Confesses his past mistakes of objective idealism and mysticism. See 39b/ 3.

3 9a/11

, Tsai Chunq-kuo che-hsueh shih yen-chiu kungtso tui-yu hsiieh-hsi Su-lien ti t'i-hui (My understanding of Soviet Russia in my study of the history of Chinese philosophy), KMTP, 1957, 10/27. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH

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According to Fung, without the October Revolution in Russia the study of the history of Chinese philosophy could not have advanced to the high level it has at present. 234

39a/12

, Tzu-wo k a i - t s o pi-hsii t z u - w o p ' i - p ' a n CTo transform oneself one must c r i t i c i z e o n e s e l f ) , KM TP, 1958, 5/24. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH - 4 k t

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39a/16

, "I-wu t s o - f e i pien s h a o - n i e n " ("One becomes young again once one r e a l i z e s his m i s t a k e s of y e s t e r d a y " ) , J M ? / 1959, 4 / 2 5 . Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W - ##¿m*.* A speech before the third s e s s i o n of the P e o p l e ' s Political Consultative Council in which he said that the Party i s the soul a s well a s the motivating force of all things and that in the past forty years he had merely wanted to defend his own i n t e r e s t s . He w a s conservative and reactionary, but now he energetically struggles forward. •

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39a/17

, Kuan-yil ssu-hsianq kai-tso ti i-tien t'i-hui (An understanding about thought reform), HCS. 1961, 1. 4 ££ £ f &# ¿i w - £ * f £ (A speech at the third and last meeting of the committee on philosophy and social sciences of the Chinese Academy of Science.)

39a/18

, Kuan-yu K'unq Tzu t'ao-lun ti p'i-p'inq yii tzuwo p'i-p'inq (On the criticisms in the discussion on Confucius and criticizing myself), CHYC, 1963, 6, pp. 45-53. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UHWY

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As a result of the many discussions on Confucius held in Shantung and on Wang Fu-chih in Hunan, he has now changed his evaluation and analysis of the Confucian concept of ien (humanity) in his new version of the history of Chinese philosophy (B39/4). After studying under the direction of Marxism, Fung says, he now realizes that jen was originally an illusion for the common benefit of the people. In the beginning, this illusion had a measure of reality but eventually the concept of jen was used by the feudal c l a s s as an instrument to resolve c l a s s conflicts and consequently this reality disappeared.

Sec. 39b. 39b/1

Fung Yu-lan: Being Criticized

WANG TZU-SUNG, P'i-p'an Fung Yu-lan Hsien-sheng kuo-ch'u ti che-hsiieh ssu-hsiang (A criticism of Mr. Fung Yu-lan's ideas in the past), PCTHHP, 1956, 2, pp. 29-46. Chi Cn HI LC UC W MH & III i tf # Criticizing Fung for his objective idealism and agnosticism and for his metaphysically splitting the 236

particular and the general, on the one hand, and content and form, on the other. See 39b/3. 39b/2

, Fung Yu-lan Hsien-sheng ti tzu-wo p'i-p'an ho wo tui t'a-ti p'l-p'an (Mr. Fung Yu-lan's self-criticism and my criticism of him), HH , 1956, 8 / 2 , pp. 20-21. Chi Cn Col H H I K L C M U C UCc UH USC W Criticizes Fung's theory that principle exists before thing s.

39b/3

TI-CHIH, Fung Yu-lan kuo-ch'u ti che-hsueh ssu-hsiang ti p'i-p'an (A criticism of Fung Yu-lan's past philosophical ideas), KMJP, 1956, 7/17. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH A report on Fung's article, 39a/10, pointing out his rejection of his previous idealism, mysticism, and universal concepts; also a report on criticisms of Fung in 39b/l.

39b/4

KUAN FENG, Fan-tui che-hsueh shih kung-tso chung ti hsiu-cheng-chu-i (Opposing the revisionism in the work on the history of philosophy), CHYC, 1958, 1, pp. 1-24. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH Y A criticism of Fung Yu-lan and Ho Lin for their confusion of the lines of idealism and materialism.

39b/5

CH'IAO CH'ANG-LU, Fung Yu-lan Hsien-sheng shu ti shih i-mien shen-me ch'i (What kind of a flag has Mr. Fung Yu-lan raised?), KM TP, 1958, 6/29. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH JtffUtiL 4 iL* ** Referring to 39a/13, the writer says that the flag Fung has raised is the white flag of the capitalist c l a s s . 237

39b/6

K'UNG FAN, P'i-p'an Fung Yu-lan Hsien-shenq tui lishih wei-wu-chu-i tl hsiu-chenq (Criticizing Mr. Fung Yu-lan 1 s revision of historical materialism), HCS, 1958, 11, pp. 51-55. Cn Col HI UC UCc UH W ^ f - j i J b i L t ¿ ¡ L t d

4fi

Attacks Fung for trying to r a i s e the level of idealism by confusing idealism and materialism. 39b/7

CH'EN HSIU-CHAI criticizing Fung, CHHP, 1963, 7.

39b/8

CH'EN I-CH'ENG, Hsianq Fung Yu-lan Hsien-shenq ch'inq-chiao (I beg to be enlightened by Mr. Fung Yulan), CHYC. 1963, 4, p. 47. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LCMPUCUHWY Fung had contended that to regard the study of history a s learning from past experience i s narrow utilitarianism. In this letter to the editor, the writer takes exception to Fung and maintains that the study of h i s tory i s to help us in the struggle for things practical. See 39b/ 9.

39b/9

FUNG YU-LAN, Tui-yu Ch'en I-ch'eng t'ung-chi ti went'i ti i-hsieh ta-fu (An answer to Comrade Ch'en Ich'eng's question), CHYC, 1963, 5, pp. 61-62. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UH W Y In reply to 39b/8, Fung s a y s he recognizes that the laws of history and the laws governing the struggle between idealism and materialism are all objects of philosophy. In the study of history, he added, we must be led by dialectic materialism. See 40/15.

238

Sec. 39c: Fung Yu-lan: Concerning Fung's Rational Philosophy 39c/1

MAO MING-CHIA, Ts'ung tzu-wo p'i-p'an tao tui hsin li-hsueh ssu-hsiang ti p'i-p'an (From criticizing myself to criticizing the ideas of the New Rational Philosophy) , KMIP, 1950, 8/6. H HI LC Mtl& tf * W ity *t '? t % KM i f On the questions as to whether truth has a popular and a c l a s s nature.

(3 9c/la) FUNG criticizes his own New Rational Philosophy. 3 9a/ 2.

See

39c/2

FUNG YU-LAN. Ts'ung "Hsin li-hsueh ti tzu-wo chient'ao" shuo-tao hsin-chiu che-hsueh ti ch'ii-pieh (A discussion of the difference between new and old philosophies arising from the "Examining Myself with Regard to My New Rational Philosophy"), HCS. 1950, 12, pp. 34-36, 39. Col H HI LC M UH W 4if® m l l-J % % f W £ * J According to Fung, the old philosophy is partial, is for the individual, attempts to explain the world, and transcends c l a s s e s , whereas the new philosophy is complete, is for the masses, reconstructs the world, and has a class nature.

39c/3

CHANG SUI-WU, P'i-p'an Hsin li-hsueh ti wei-hsinchu-i fan-tunq shih-chih (A criticism of the reactionary nature of the idealism in the New Rational Philosophy) , CHYC. 1956, 4, pp. 42-63. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH USC W Y H "iff fc M

Here two college juniors c r i t i c i z e Fung for his ignoring of both c l a s s nature and the opposition between idealism and materialism. 40/11

T'ANG I-CHIEH, Tui Fung Yu-lan H s i e n - s h e n q ti P ' i - p ' a n w o - t i c h ' o u - h s i a n g c h i - c h ' e n g fa ti p ' i - p ' a n (Criticizing Mr. Fung Yu-lan's "Criticizing My Own Method of Continuing the Abstract M e a n i n g s " ) , HCS. 1958, 10, pp. 40-44. Cn Col H HI LC UC UCc UH USC W Y C r i t i c i z e s the idea in 4 0 / 9 that morality t r a n s c e n d s time and c l a s s e s . It is contended that Fung's theory is that of the exploiting c l a s s , which is not willing to be extinguished and which resorts to trickery to preserve i t s e l f .

40/12

T'ANG I-CHIEH and SUN CH'ANG-CHIANG, Fung Yu-lan H s i e n - s h e n q p ' u - p ' i e n - h s i n q h s i n g - s h i h - l u n ti s h i h chih shih s h e n - m e (What is the real nature of Mr. Fung Yu-lan's "form of u n i v e r s a l i t y " ? ) , WHP, 1963, 10/13. Fung's theory of the form of universality i s found in B39/4, pp. 111-112, and in B39/5, pp. 118-123. These two writers say that the true reality of the t h e ory i s the recognition that philosophical i d e a s t r a n s cend c l a s s e s .

40/13

CHAO-FU, Kuan-yu p ' u - p ' i e n - h s i n q h s i n g - s h i h (On the "form of universality"), £HYC, 1963, 5, pp. 47-56. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P Y t i ' k ¿& *> & ' Criticizes Fung's theory in B39/4 that the form of universality of jen (humanity) i s immanent in t h e

248

landlord c l a s s . In the opinion of the writer, only the materialistic and dialectic method i s correct. 40/14

LU CH'UN-LUNG, Tsen-vang l i - c h i e h chu-yu p ' u - p ' i e n hsinq h s i n g - s h i h ti s s u - h s i a n q (How to understand the i d e a s that p o s s e s s the "form of u n i v e r s a l i t y " ? ) , HCS, 1963, 10, pp. 13-19. Cn H HI K LC UC UCLA UH W I tf ft % "Â % 4 À U ft % %" Attacking Fung's theory as deceit.

40/15

HUANG HSUAN-MIN, Kuan-yu l i - s h i h y e n - c h i u ti t u i hsianq (On the object of historical study), KMTP, 1963, 11/24. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y Comment on 3 9 b / 9 , holding that both the objective and the method of Fung's study of t h e philosophy of history are incorrect.

40/16

CHANG LI-WEN, Ssu-hsianq ti p ' u - p ' i e n - h s i n g h s i n q shih w e n - t ' i ti t ' a o - l u n (Discussions on the question of the "form of universality" in i d e a s ) , TMTP, 1963, 11/26. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y

tlkîL

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A report on comments on B39/4. 40/17

CH'IU, Kuan-yu s s u - h s i a n q ti p ' u - p ' i e n - h s i n g h s i n q shih w e n - t ' i ti t ' a o - l u n (Discussions on the problem of the "form of universality" in i d e a s ) , KMTP. 1963, 12/1. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y A. description of the form and content of Fung's theory, criticisms of it in 4 0 / 2 1 , and Fung's reply.

249

40/18

T'ANG I-CHIEH and SUN CH'ANG-CHIANG, Tsai-lun Fung Yu-lan Hsien-sheng p'u-p'ien-hsing hsing-shihlun ti shih-chih (Further remarks on the real nature of Mr. Fung Yu-lan's theory of the "form of universality'^, KM TP. 1963, 12/13. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y On the b a s i s of Fung's theory, the true nature of illus i o n s , how an illusory idea can be of common benefit, and the reason for the birth of this theory intended for the service of the ruling c l a s s .

40/19

YANG CH'AO, LI HSUEH-CH'IN, and CHANG CH'I-CHIH, Kuan-yii ju-ho li-chieh chii-yu p'u-p'ien-hsing hsingshih ti ssu-hsiang ti t ' a n - t ' a o (An investigation on how to understand the i d e a s that p o s s e s s the "form of universality"). KM TP. 1963. 12/22. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y

ih^ Considers the form to be empty and f a l s e and purely for the benefit of the ruling c l a s s . 40/20

FANG K'O-LI, Shih-chih ti fen-ch'i shih shen-me (What i s our difference about reality?), CHYC, 1963, 6, pp. 54-67. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC MP UCUH W Y i r t il f * A reply to Fung in 3 9 c / 1 7 , criticizing his contention that an illusion can be for the common benefit of a class.

40/21

KUAN FENG and LIN YU-SHIH, Kuan-yii che-hsiieh shih yen-chiu chung chieh-chi fen-hsi ti chi-ko wen-t'i (Several problems concerning the c l a s s a n a l y s i s in the study of the history of philosophy), CHYC. 1963, 6, pp. 29-44. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UH W Y 250

Attacking Fung's theory of the form of universality a s transcending c l a s s e s . Fung had contended that Confucius represented the landlord c l a s s but his doctrine of jen (humanity) had the nature of universality. The writers, on the contrary, consider that Confucius represented the interests of the slaveowners and that his idea of humanity did not p o s s e s s the nature of universality. See 40/17.

Sec. 41. 41/1

On the Study of the History of Chinese Philosophy WANG JEN-CHIH and HSU TSUNG-MIEN, P'inq Chunqkuo chin-tai ssu-hsianq shih chiang-shou t'l-kang (A criticism of the Outline of Lectures on the History of Recent Chinese Thought). CHYC, 1956, 1, pp. 133-137. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH USC WY Criticizes B28/3 for presenting recent Chinese ideas a s new and progressive without realizing that they also reflect much that is old, thus misinterpreting the fundamental nature of struggle of thought in recent Chinese history.

41/2

FUNG YU-LAN, Kuan-yii Chunq-kuo che-hsueh shih yenchiu-ti liang-ko wen-t'i (Two questions concerning the study of the history of Chinese philosophy), TMTP. 1956, 10/23. Chi Cn Col H HI K LC M P UC UCc UH USC W Reprinted in B1/8, pp. 11-23, 24-28, and B39/la, pp. 84-97. On the scope of the struggle between idealism and materialism in the history of philosophy and the problem of how that struggle has proceeded. In Fung's 251

view, the struggle is not limited to views of nature and epistemology but is in all realms of thought. He gives many examples from the history of Chinese philosophy and cites many examples, especially in NeoConfucianism, to show how the struggle proceeded. 41/3

Pei-chinq che-hsüeh-chieh t'ao-lun Chunq-kuo chehsüeh shih ti jo-kan wen-t'i (Philosophers in Peking discussed a number of problems in the history of Chinese philosophy), HHNP. 1957, 2/19. UCc URI WTC The problems discussed were the struggle between idealism and materialism and how to continue the philosophical heritage of China.

41/4

Kuan-yü Chung-kuo che-hsüeh shih chi-ko wen-t'i ti t'ao-lun (Discussions on several problems in the history of Chinese philosophy), CHYC, 1957, 1, pp. 135-137. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y A report on discussions in the Department of Philosophy of Peking University, June 22-26, 1957, on the problems of how to evaluate idealism, how to continue the heritage of Chinese philosophy, and what the special characteristics of the history of Chinese philosophy have been.

41/5

CH'EN YUAN, Pei-chinq che-hsüeh-chieh t'ao-lun Chunq-kuo che-hsueh shih wen-t'i (Philosophers in Peking discussed questions about the history of Chinese philosophy), HH, 1957, 3/3. Chi Cn Col H HI K LC M UC UCc USC UH W Y %% t i l ] tf $ t / ' l i Ä The central problem was the struggle between idealism and materialism.

252

41/6

HU SHENG, Kuan-yu c h e - h s u e h shih v e n - c h i u (On the study of the history of philosophy), IMJP, 1957, 3 / 2 9 , 30. Chi Cn Col H H I K L C M P U C UCc UCLA UH USC Reprinted in B l / 8 , pp. 504-526. Criticizing Fung Yu-lan for minimizing the opposition between idealism and materialism. It is here i n s i s t e d t h a t , in the study of the history of philosophy, the party nature of philosophy must be maintained.

41/7

SHIH CHUN, Lun yu-kuan Chung-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih ti t u i - h s i a n g ho fan-wei ti t ' a o - l u n c h i - c h ' i m u - c h ' i e n t s ' u n - t s a i ti i - h s i e h w e n - t ' i (On the d i s c u s s i o n s c o n cerning the o b j e c t s and extent of the history of Chin e s e philosophy and some remaining problems at present), CHYYC. 1957, 3, pp. 5-10. LC UC USC

% 4- & ^ - & n

ii

Starting from the major t h e s i s that the history of philosophy i s the history of the struggle between idealism and materialism, the writer thinks that a history of Chinese philosophy should not be limited to a b s t r a c t concepts but should include s o c i a l , political, e c o nomic, and a e s t h e t i c theories. 41/8

YANG HSIEN-PANG, Kuan-yu Chung-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih ti k ' o - h s u e h - h s i n g ho tang-hsing (On the s c i e n t i f i c nature and party nature of the history of C h i n e s e philosophy), CHYYC, 1957, 3. LC UC USC Reprinted in B l / 8 , pp. 114-131. An opinion on the object and scope of the history of Chinese philosophy. It is argued here that t h e h i s tory of Chinese philosophy is one of struggle between materialism and idealism, and, a s such, it has no s p e c i a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s but a history to which general principles of Marxism are applicable. 253

41/9

WANG TIEN-CHI, Kuan-vìi Chunq-kuo l o - c h i shih ti t u i hsiang ho f a n - w e i w e n - t ' i (On the question of the o b j e c t s and extent of the history of Chinese logic), CHYC. 1957, 2, pp. 53. H HI LC M P UC UCc UH On the mistakes of previous viewpoints of the history of Chinese logic, its relation with the history of Chin e s e philosophy, its nature, and various problems in its study.

41/10

Tsen-yanq yen-chiu Chunq-kuo c h e - h s ü e h shih (How to study the history of Chinese philosophy), PCJP, 1957, 5/11. A simple news report.

41/11

FUNG YU-LAN, Ts'ung Chung-kuo che-.hsüeh chunq ti c h i - k o chu-yao w e n - t ' i k'an Chung-kuo c h e - h s ü e h shih chunq ti w e i - w u - c h i - i yü w e i - h s i n - c h u - i ti touchenq (Looking at the struggle between materialism and idealism in the history of Chinese philosophy from the point of view of several important problems in the history of Chinese philosophy), JMTP, 1957, 5/19. Chi Cn Col H K LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC Reprinted in B 3 9 / l a , pp. 105-125. The problems of Heaven, e s p e c i a l l y in C o n f u c i u s , M e n c i u s , Taoism, and Hsiin Tzu; of material force, notably in Taoism, The Book of C h a n g e s , Wang Ch'ung, and Tung Chung-shu; of the mind, e s p e c i a l l y in Buddhism and Fan Chen; and of principle, particularly in Neo-Confucianism.

41/12

Editorial Board of CHYC. Kuan-yii Chunq-kuo che-hsiieh shih k u n g - t s o h u i - i ghu^g t ' ^ o - l u n ti i - h s i e h w e f l - f i (On some question* about th* discussions in the 254

meeting on the work on the history of philosophy), CHYC. 1957, 3, pp. 141-146. Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y A summary of d i s c u s s i o n s held at Peking University on May 10-14, 1957. Problems d i s c u s s e d were how to analyze and evaluate materialism and idealism in the history of Chinese philosophy, what the special characteristics of the history of Chinese philosophy were, how to continue the philosophical heritage of China, what problems in the history of Chinese philosophy should engage our attention, and the question of the work on source material in the history of Chin e s e philosophy. 41/13

WU TSE-YU, Cheng-li Chunq-kuo che-hsiieh shih tzuliao ti chu-t'i chien-i (Concrete proposals on putting in order the material for the history of Chinese philosophy) , HCS, 1957, 7, pp. 20-25. Cn Col H HI LC UC UH USC W Y Measures recommended include reprinting ancient c l a s s i c s , compilation, simple annotation, translation into modern colloquial, and s o forth.

41/14

M. T. YUEH-FU-CH'U-K'O, Kuan-yu Che-hsiieh shih i-shu chunq tunq-fanq che-hsiieh shih jo-kan wen-t'i ti shuo-minq (An explanation of a number of problems concerning the history of Asian philosophy in A H i s tory of Philosophy), trans, by Yen P'in-chung, CHYC. 1957, 4, pp. 110-116. Chi Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y

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u

While the writer commends this book published in Soviet Russia for including Confucius and seventeenth-century Chinese enlightenment thinkers such 255

a s Wang Fu-chih, Huang Tsung-hsi'$ %4i> (1610-1695), and Tai Chen, he criticizes it for not including Chinese materialistic thinkers of the nineteenth century. 41/15

HAO I-CHIN, Chunq-kuo che-hsiieh shih kunq-tso hui-i san-chi (Miscellaneous notes about the meeting on the work on the history of Chinese philosophy), HCS, 1957, 6, pp. 50-54. Col H HI LC UC UH USC W Y A detailed report on d i s c u s s i o n s on the problems of the method of studying the history of Chinese philosophy, of continuing the heritage of Chinese philosophy, of the relationship between materialism and idealism, of source materials of the history of Chinese philosophy, and of how to continue the work and to criticize past efforts at the history of Chinese philosophy.

41/16

KUAN FENG, Chunq-kuo che-hsiieh-shih yen-chiu kunqt s o ti fanq-hsiang wen-t'i (The question of direction in the work of studying the history of Chinese philosophy), KM TP. 1958, 6/15. Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH USC There are two directions, one utilizing what are considered good things in the history of Chinese philosophy and the other following Marxism and engaging in struggle, a n a l y s i s , and criticism. Since Fung Yulan has followed the former method, he i s opposed to Marxism.

41/17

HUANG NAN-SEN and CHANG EN-TZ'U, Lueh-lun Chunqkuo che-hsiieh shih t'ao-lun-hui chunq ti hsiu-chenqchu-i ch'inq-hsiang (A brief d i s c u s s i o n on the revisionist tendency in the d i s c u s s i o n meeting on the history of Chinese philosophy), PCTHHP, 1958, 2, pp. 17-24. Chi Cn Col HI LC UC UCc UH W Y

256

Concerning a d i s c u s s i o n in the Department of Philosophy of Peking University in January, 1957, on the fundamental opposition between materialism and i d e a l i s m , the c l a s s nature of philosophy, and the mistake of revisionism. 41/18

KUAN FENG, T ' u i - c h ' e n c h ' u - h s i n (Casting a s i d e the old and bringing in the new), HCS, 1959, 7. Cn Col H HI LC UC UCc USC UH W Reprinted in B 4 3 / 3 , pp. 114-137. it %

*#

41/19

Ht fi

The method recommended is to find out the laws of thought from Marxism. FUNG YU-LAN, Kuan-yu Chunq-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih v e n chiu ti c h i - k o w e n - t ' i (On several questions concerning the study of the history of C h i n e s e philosophy), HCS, 1959, 12. Chi Cn Col H HI LC UC UCc UH USC W Y Reprinted in B39/5, pp. 1-26. On the o b j e c t s of the history of philosophy, the goal of the study of t h e history of C h i n e s e philosophy, the division of periods in the history of C h i n e s e philosophy, the special c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of Chinese philosophy, and a criticism of the mistaken viewpoints in the history of Chinese philosophy. See 41/20.

41/20

KUAN FENG, Po Fung Yu-lan ti Chunq-kuo mei-yu t z u c h ' a n c h i e h - c h i ti c h e - h s u e h - s h u o (Refuting Fung Yul a n ' s theory that there has been no philosophy of t h e c a p i t a l i s t c l a s s ) , HCS. 1960, 1, pp. 44-50. Chi Col H HI UC UCc UH

* 4 41/21

J & 4 A t n "t^ *i

aty¡ta-»*tf't

A criticism of Fung's theory in 4 1 / 1 9 that China has had no philosophy of the c a p i t a l i s t c l a s s . FUNG YU-LAN, Kuan-yu Chunq-kuo t z u - c h ' a n c h i e h - c h i c h e - h s u e h w e n - t ' i (On the question of the philosophy 257

of the c a p i t a l i s t c l a s s in China). HCS, I960, 3, pp. 37-38. Chi Cn Col H HI UC UCc UH W

4 & i

¿H'fifffiriA^%H

In this reply to 4 1 / 2 0 , Fung admits that he has been controlled by mistaken i d e a s and is now willing to learn with an open mind. See 4 1 / 2 2 . 41/22

KUAN FENG, Hsianq Tu-lao h s u e h - h s i ven-chiu Chunqkuo c h e - h s u e h shih f a n g - f a (Learning from Elder Tu [Kuo-hsiang] f i . ^¡J^. the method of studying the history of Chinese philosophy), IMTP, 1961, 1 / 2 2 . Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC P UC UCc UCLA UH W Y Reprinted in B 4 3 / 3 , pp. 157-164.

% ^M/r&tiH The methods are the a n a l y s e s of the systems of philosophy and their relations from the point of view of Marxism, concrete a n a l y s i s , and utilizing the p a s t for the present struggle. 41/23

FUNG YU-LAN, Tsai-lun kuan-yii Chunq-kuo c h e - h s u e h shih yen-chiu ti c h i - k o w e n - t ' i (A further d i s c u s s i o n on several problems concerning the study of the h i s tory of Chinese philosophy), HSYKn 1961, 11. Reprinted in B39/5, pp. 27-60. 4 ¿11 A * f S] 4 'f % ^ ^ & The o b j e c t , content, and scope of the history of philosophy, the struggle between idealism and materialism, the unity of logic and history, the history of viewpoints and material, and the development of ancient and modern C h i n e s e philosophy.

41/24

C h a n - k ' a i kuan-yu y e n - c h i u c h e - h s u e h - s h i h f a n g - f a ti t ' a o - l u n (Discussions on the methodology of studying the history of [Chinese] philosophy extended), KMTP, 1963, 6/19. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH Y yjt * & # % £ * ** W 258

A report on articles on these d i s c u s s i o n s published in the various i s s u e s of the CHYC. 41/25

FUNG YU-LAN, Kuan-yii i-ko li-lun wen-t'i ti chih-i yti ch'ing-chiao (I beg to a s k a question and seek enlightenment on a problem concerning theories), CHYYC, 1963 4 (Fung s t a t e s that his method of studying the history of philosophy i s based on the concept of the form of universality and that his new version of the history of Chinese philosophy, B3 9/4, w a s written from this point of view according to CHYC , 1964, 1, p. 18.)

41/26

FANG LI, Chien-ch'ih che-hsueh shih chunq ti yen-ko ti li-shih-hsing (Firmly hold on to the strictly historical nature of the history of philosophy), CHYC, 1963, 3, pp. 25-33, 24. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH Y It i s maintained here that in the study of the history of philosophy one must have reliable material and must follow Marxian principles. There are a l s o criticisms of 8 / 3 , B8/7, B8/8.

41/27

CHANG LI-WEN, Kuan-yii che-hsueh-shih fang-fa-lun wen-t'i ti t'ao-lun (Discussions on the methodology of studying the history of philosophy), KMJP, 1963, 11/25. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind LC M UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y A report on d i s c u s s i o n s in the preceding year on various problems concerning the history of philosophy in general and the history of Chinese philosophy in particular.

(41/27a) KUAN FENG and LIN YU-SHIH on c l a s s a n a l y s i s in the study of the history of Chinese philosophy. S e e 40/21. 259

Sec. 42. 42/1

Other Problems FUNG YU-LAN. Che-hsueh-chia tanq-ch'ien ti jen-wu (The duty before philosophers), CPTP, 1949, 7/14. HI E x p r e s s e s the idea that the duty of a philosopher i s to reconstruct the world through explaining the world.

42/2

AI S S U - C H ' I , Kuan-yii Shih-chien lun ho hsiieh-hsi fang-fa ti i - h s i e h wen-t'i (Concerning On Practice and some problems about the method of study), CCTP, 1951, 6 / 1 3 . (A speech before a study group. The work referred to i s included in the Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung ' Vol. 1, an e s s a y written in 1937.)

42/3

YEN MING-HSIEN and TS'E KOU, Pien-chenq wei-wuchu-i hsiieh-hsi chu-chien chan-k'ai (The study of dialectic materialism gradually extends), CHYC. 1955, 2, pp. 158-159. Cn H HI LC UC UCc W Y £

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The object of study w a s to understand what materialism and idealism are. Hu Shih and others are criticized. 42/4

FUNG YU-LAN, Fa-hui chih-shih fen-tzu ti c h ' i e n - t s a i - l i (Developing and extending the latent energy of the intellectual elements), TMTP. 1956, 1/15. Chi Cn Col H HI K LC M P UC UCc UH WSC W 4 1

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xfr * ft >f k h

Urges a concrete and comprehensive plan for s c i e n tific studies and the development of education. 42/5

CHU PO-K'UN, Pei-chinq che-hsiieh-chieh t'ao-lun Chunq-kuo che-hsiieh wen-t'i (Philosophers in Peking d i s c u s s e d problems of Chinese philosophy), TMTP, 260

1957, 1/30. Chi Cn Col H HI K LC M P UC UCc UCLA UH USC ,,

£ Ai &

%&

Ho Lin # # and other philosophers d i s c u s s e d the struggles in the history of philosophy, the evaluation of idealism and materialism in philosophy, the question of continuing the heritage of philosophy, and the objective of the history of C h i n e s e philosophy. 42/6

CHANG TAI-NIEN, Tao-te ti c h i e h - c h i - h s i n g ho c h i - c h ' e n g hsinq (The c l a s s nature of morality and its continuing nature), HCS. 1957, 1. Cn Col HI UC UH W Reprinted in B l / 8 , pp. 295-296. Contending that each c l a s s has its own nature but all c l a s s e s penetrate each other. Therefore, ancient and modern and old and new morality have a certain r e l a tionship of continuation. See 4 2 / 9.

42/7

CHU KUANG-CH'IEN, Lun l i a n q - c h ' i s s u - h s i a n g (On amphibian thought), HCS, 1957, 3. Cn Col H HI LC UC UH WSC W Y Reprinted in B l / 8 , pp. 157-159. Maintaining that idealism and materialism are related but their contradictions must be resolved. The idea is that amphibian thought is an objective fact.

42/8

TOU CH'UNG-KUANG, Ts'unq Tu-chia ti l u n - l i h s u e h shuo chung k ' a n t a o - t e ti c h i - c h ' e n g w e n - t ' i (The problem of continuing ethics viewed from the ethical doctrines of Confucianism), KMJP, 1957, 4 / 1 0 . Chi Cn H HI K LC UC UCc UH USC

f i ' L

W

U,

Generally supporting Fung's idea of continuing the philosophical heritage of China, the author c i t e s several sayings from the Analects to show that certain of Confucius' i d e a s , such a s Great Unity, the Five 261

Relations, and morality for personal cultivation should be continued. 42/9

T'ANG I-CHIEH, "Tao-te ti c h i e h - c h i - h s i n q ho c h i c h ' e n g - h s i n q " p ' i - p ' a n (A. criticism of the " C l a s s Nature of Morality and Its Continuing Nature"), HCS, 6, pp. 53-56. Col H HI LC UC UCc UH USC w1958, Y vl-JT W A criticism of 42/6.

'K 1*-" M H

42/10

P'AN TZU-NIEN, C h e - h s u e h ti Chunq-kuo y a o - c h ' i u yu Chung-kuo-hua ti che-hsiieh (Philosophical China demands a Chinafied philosophy), CHYC, 1958, 7, pp. 3-4. Cn Col H HI LC M P UC UCc UH W Y tf $ f g) £ f The author wants Marxian philosophy to be Chinafied.

42/11

I - n i e n - l a i Shanq-hai che-hsiieh s h e - h u i k'o-hsileh tungt ' a i (The a c t i v i t i e s in philosophy and social s c i e n c e s in Shanghai in the past year), HSYK, 1958, 12, pp. 64-69. Col H HI LC UC UCc UH sfr V i U 4r 'i H £ A report on how workers and the m a s s e s in Shanghai studied philosophy.

42/12

HSIAO SHA-FU, CHU PO-K'UN, T'ANG I-CHIEH, and LU YU-SAN, P ' i - p ' a n y u - p ' a i Chang Tai-nien s o - w e i Chunq-kuo k u - t i e n c h e - h s u e h ti c h i - k o w e n - t ' i (Criticizing what the rightist Chang Tai-nien c a l l s the several s p e c i a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of Chinese c l a s s i c a l philosophy), PCTHHP, 1958, 4. Chi Cn Col H HI LC UC UCc UH W Y Reprinted in B l / 8 pp. 79-86. SJU * * t 4-t/Hj. f j f t t f i t t W Chang had expressed opinions at meetings in Peking University in January, 1957, s t r e s s i n g the idea that Chinese philosophy p o s s e s s e s i t s own viewpoints and 262

that we must understand China's original philosophical ideas such as knowing Heaven, knowing man, the principles of Neo-Confucianism, and the unity between Heaven and man. See B l / 8 , pp. 7 9 - 8 6 . Chang is here attacked as a revisionist who tried to preserve feudalism and capitalism in China. 42/13

Pei-chinq che-hsueh-chieh chu-hsinq san-ko hsueh-shu t'ao-lun-hui (Philosophers in Peking held three a c a demic discussion meetings), JSCS., 1959, 6, pp. 5963. Cn Col H HI LC UC UCc UH USC W Y 4b £ # ^ f t f % £ if &4r A report on discussions on Lao Tzu's philosophical ideas and the question of continuing the philosophical heritage.

42/14

FUNG YU-LAN, Lun wei-wu-chu-i yii wei-hsin-chu-i ti hsianq-hu chuan-hua chi li-shih yii lo-chi ti t'ung-i (On the mutual transformation of materialism and idealism and the unity of history and logic), HSYK, 1961, 11. (See summary in 4 2 / 1 4 a . )

(42/14a)

42/15

, Kuan-yu wei-hsin-chu-i yii wei-wu-chu-i ti hu-hsianq chuan-hua (On the mutual transformation of materialism and idealism), JMTP, 1961, 11/12. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind K LC P UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y vktL'1 IslX ty i X tt A digest of 4 2 / 1 4 . The main point is that, according to Marxism, either idealism or materialism in a certain stage of its development and under certain conditions can be transformed in the direction of its opposite philosophy. SHIH CH'U-JEN, T'i chi-ko yu-kuan t a o - t e chieh-chihsing ho ch'enq-chi-hsinq ti wen-t'i (Raising several 263

problems concerning the c l a s s nature of morality and its possibility of continuation). KMTP, 1963, 12/1. Chi Cn H HI Ind LC UC UCc UCLA UH USC W Y

z % A ihb^t^kik- rfbA'ft uftfta

Aside from technical discussions on various problems of ethics, this e s s a y also d i s c u s s e s how Chinese ethics can be continued. 42/16

YEN CH'ANG-KUEI, Fang-chih pa ku-jen hsien-tai-hua (Prevent modernizing the ancients), CHYC, 1963, 3, pp. 45-55. Chi Cn Col H HI Ind KLC M P UC UCc UCLA UH W Y $ # The criticism is directed at certain writers who, in their studies of the Book of Changes, have expressed ancient ideas in modern terms.

fi %

Sec. 43.

4t>

Collected Essays of Certain Contemporary Thinkers

264

ABBREVIATIONS

CCTHHP

Cheng-chou Ta-hsüeh hsüeh-pao

1(Learned J W Z journal J f t i ofL

Cheng-chou University)

CCYC

Chinq-chi yen-chiu (Economic studies)

CFTP

Chi eh-fang jih-pao fy (Emancipation daily)

CH

Chung-hua Shu-chu ^ % % % (The Chung-hua Book Co. )

CH

Ch'ien-hsien (The front)

CHHK

Chianq-hai hsüeh-k'an >;£. (Chiang-hai academic journal)

CHHP

Chiang-han hsueh-pao % (Chiang-han academic journal)

Chi

University of Chicago Far Eastern Library

CHuHK

Chianq-huai hsiieh-k'an yx ^ ^ J-j (Chiang-huai academic journal)

M 5f

%

& 8 fa

jfo

265

%

CHYC

Che-hsûeh ven-chiu % % Ü) % (Philosophical research)

CHYYC

Chiao-hsüeh yil yen-chiu fa ^ % ^ (Teaching and research)

CI

Ch'ün-i Ch'u-pan-she (Ch'ün-i publishing co.)

CKCN

Chung-kuo Ch'ing-nien Ch'u-pan-she (Chinese youth publishing co. ) Jf- fc ^

CKCN

Chung-kuo ch'ing-nien (Chinese youth)

CKJM

Chungking Jen-min Ch"u-pan-she 1 ^ Kk (Chungking people's publishing c o . ) j f t i ^ - f i

CKKHY

Chung-kuo K'o-hsüeh Yuan $ $j| j f j (Chinese Academy of Science)

CL

Ch'ün-lien Ch'u-pan-she (United publishing c o . )

CM

Cheng-ming

Cn

Cornell University Library

Col

Columbia University East Asian Library

CP

Commercial Press

CPTP

Chin-pu jih-pao ty (Progressive daily)

vj^

266

^

j i ifc tifcjti.

/f)

j^.

(Contending)

|)

^ %% 0

^ jfj -j^ fa

fâ,

f A A. fo £ H

CShWHCK

Chung-shan wen-hua chi-k'an (Sun Yat-sen culture quarterly)

CSJM

Chiang-su Jen-min Ch'u-pan-she (Kiangsu people's publishing c o . )

CSTP

Changsha iih-pao (Chang sha daily)

0 li

CSP

fa Chiao-shih pao (Teachers journal)

CSTHHP

Chung-shan Ta-hsueh hsueh-pao rfbj^^ (Sun Yat-sen University academic journal)

CSWHCK

Chung-Su wen-hua chi-k'an (Chinese and Soviet culture quarterly)

CSWHPYK

Chung-Su wen-hua pen-yiieh-k'an

$Si

f&jutf-tfi

(Chinese and Soviet culture semi-monthly) DL H HCS HCSh HEPTHHP

Diet Library, Tokyo Harvard University, Chinese-Japanese Library of the Harvard-Yenching Institute Hsin chien-she jjtfj fj^ (New construction) Hsin Chih-shih Ch'u-pan-she (New knowledge publishing c o . )

% O^AMfe

Ha-erh-pin Ta-hsiieh hsueh-pao (Harbin University academic journal) 267

HFSFHP

H o - f e i Shih-fan h s ü e h - p a o ' j M & È f l ò f (Ho-fei Normal College academic journal)

HH

Hsüeh-hsi

HHTP

Hsin-Hua j i h - p a o (New China daily)

HHNP

Hsin Hu-nan pao (New Hunan journal)

HHYP

Hsin-Hua y u e h - p a o (New China monthly)

HI

Hoover Institutions East Asian Collection

HK

University of Hong Kong

HPJM

Hu-pei Jen-min C h ' u - p a n - s h e

If f

(Study) |/f

0 J&. Ul

ity $

tylbA&sbMLji.

(Hupei p e o p l e ' s publishing co.) HPTP

Hu-pei iih-pao

HPTHHP

Hu-pei T a - h s u e h h s u e h - p a o >b A f '% (Hupei University academic journal)

HSYC

HsGeh-shu yen-chiu (Academic research)

HSYK

Hsüeh-shu vüeh-k'an (Academic monthly)

HTSTHP

Hua-t'unq Shih-ta h s ü e h - p a o (East China Normal College academic journal)

HTY

Hsin t ' i - y ü

I

State University of Iowa Library

Ind

Indiana University East Asian Library

jfc 0

^

268

(Hupei daily)

?

|j

&

( N e w athletics)

JM

Jen-min Ch'u-pan-she A A & (People's publishing co.)

JMCY

Jen-min Chiao-yu Ch'u-pan-she A J U M (People's education publishing co.)

TMCY

Jen-min chiao-yu (People's education)

JMJP

Jen-min jih-pao (People's daily)

JMTH

Jen-min Ta-hsiieh Ch'u-pan-she

A

&

/ L f

A & 0 J&.

(People's University publishing co.) JMWH

Jen-min Wen-hsueh Ch'u-pan-she (People's literature publishing c o . )

K KC KH KM TP LC LLCH

University of Kansas East Asian Library Ku-chi Ch'u-pan-she (Classical books publishing co.) K'o-hsueh Ch'u-pan-she (Science publishing co. ) Kuanq-minq jih-pao (Kuang-ming daily)

jtf- % à

^ sjj 0

Library of Congress Chinese and Korean Section Li-lun chan-hsien (Battieline of theories) 269

ffa ffy

LLYSC

Li-lun yG shih-chien (Theory and practice)

}% jfr k

LM

Lung-men Lien-ho Shu-chu (Lung-men united bookstore)

LSCH

Li-shih c h i a o - h s u e h Jb H 1 1 (Teaching and study in history)

LSYC

Li-shih yen-chiu J) (Historical research)

M

University of Michigan Asia Library

P

Princeton University Library For Eastern Collections

PA

Probably available in U. S. libraries soon if not already

Pa

University of Pennsylvania Library

PCTP

Pei-ching iih-pao (Peking daily)

PCTHHP

Pei-ching Ta-hsiieh h s u e h - p a o 3-b % A 'f (Peking University academic journal) (Humani s t i c science)

Pi

University of Pittsburgh Library

SHCP

Shang-hai C h ' u - p a n Kung-ssu (Shanghai publishing co.)

ShHJM

Shen-hsi Jen-min C h ' u - p a n - s h e

%

¿b % Q M.

J

(Shensi p e o p l e ' s publishing co.) 270

SHJM

Shang-hai Jen-min C h ' u - p a n - s h e (Shanghai people's publishing c o . )

SL

San-lien Shu-tien - i fa (Three bookstores united c o . )

SsL

S s u - l i e n Shu-tien /I (Four bookstores united c o . )

ST

Shih-tai Shu-chu (Time bookstore)

STJM

Shan-tung Jen-min C h ' u - p a n - s h e •M

fik. H

(Shantung people's publishing c o . ) SY TCTK

Shanq-vu X(Up river) Ta-chunq jih-pao ( M a s s e s daily)

£ $

3

TF

Tung-fang Shu-tien (East bookstore)

TKP

Ta-kunq-pao (Impartial daily)

TT

T ' a n g - t a i Ch'u-pan Kung-ssu (T'ang-tai publishing co.)

TTTP

T'ien-chin jih-pao (Tientsin daily)

TU

Tokyo University

UC

University of California East Asiatic Library

UCc

University of California Center for C h i n e s e Studies 271

£ £

$ fc fa

£ ^ Q

UCLA

University of California Oriental Library, Los Angeles

UH

University of Hawaii Library

URI

Union Research I n s t i t u t e , Kowloon, Hong Kong

USC

University of Southern California Library

W

University of Washington Far Eastern Library, Seattle

WH

Wen-hsin

WHKC

W e n - h s u e h Ku-chi C h ' u - p a n - s h e

WHP

(Classical literature publishing co.) Wen-hui-pao £ '£. (Journal of literary convergence)

^

(Literary news)

WSC

Wen-shih-che j t £. (Literature, history, and philosophy)

WTC

W i n g - t s i t Chan

WU

Waseda University, Tokyo

Y

Yale University Library East Asian Collections

YCWP

Yanq-ch'eng w e n - p a o (Canton evening news)

YNJM

Yiin-nan Jen-min C h ' u - p a n - s h e

^ ^

(Yunnan p e o p l e ' s publishing c o . ) YY

Yin-yueh C h ' u - p a n - s h e (Music publishing co.)

272

£ A

67

STATISTICAL TABLE I: BOOKS

SgC,

OJO^NW^WONOOOIO < Ol CO •^fLOLOCOLOUOLOLOUD LO U*5 CD CD CO O") CT) iI «—I I r—I «—I i-H i-H «—( XOtSl o>cr>0}CT>CT>o>CT>a>CT>o>a>c7>CT>

Sec. 19. Wei-Chin Dyn.

-

2 -

- -

2 -

Total

- 2 - - - - 4 2

12

20. Buddhism

- - - - - - - - 2 - 2 1 1 2 2

10

21. Sui-T'ang Dyn.

-

- 2 2 3 - 2 2 4

15

22. Han Yu

- - - - - 1 2 1 - 1 - - - - 3

8

23. Sung Dynasty

- - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 3 - 2

8

24. Chang Tsai

- - - - - - 4 3 - - 1 - 1 1 1

11

25.

- - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 3

6

Ch'eng-Chu

- -

- -

- -

- -

26. Ming Dynasty

-

- -

- -

- 1 1 4 - 1 3 2

27. Li Chih

- - - - - - - - - - -

-

12

1 1 1

28. Ch'ing Dynasty -

- -

- -

- -

29. Wang Fu-chih

-

- -

- -

1 1 - -

30. Tai Chen

- - - - - -

31. K'ang, T'an

- - - 1 - 2 4 2 7 2 1 - 2 5 3

32. Sun Y a t - s e n

- - - - - -

33. Other Thinkers

-

34. Hu Shih

— — — — — — 11 3 — — — — — — —

- -

- -

- 1 - 1 - 1 1 2 -

- -

-

1 - 2

1 - - - -

-

1 3 - - -

-

3 6

23 3

31

12

4 29

12

1 4 - - 3 - -

35. Liang Sou-ming - 1 3 - - - 7 5 - - - - - -

7 8

-

14 16

36. Chang Tung-sun -

- -

- -

- -

1 - - - - - - -

i

37. Hsiung Shih-li

-

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

0

38. Liu Chieh, etc. -

- -

- -

- -

- - 1 1 - - 2 4

8

- -

- -

39. Fung Yu-lan

- 4 3 1 - 1 1 6 2

40. I s s u e s .

- - - - - - - 1 3 7 - - -

10 7 - 2 - 9 - 10

46 21

41. Hist, of Chi. Phil. 42. Other Problems

- - - - - - - 2 1 -

1 - -

-

13 2 2 2 2 - 4

1 1 4 4

1 -

1 - 2

27 16

1 8 9 2 1 16 44 49 77 47 57 19138 175 113 756* *This figure does not include the more than two hundred articles in B 3 4 / 1 - 7 , B 3 4 / 1 2 , and B 3 5 / 1 - 2 .

277

CHRONOLOGY OF DYNASTIES

Shang Chou

1751-1112 B. C. Spring and Autumn Warring States

722- 481 B . C . 4 0 3 - 222 B. C.

Ch'in Han

(255 B . C . — ) 221- 206 B . C . Western Han Hsin Eastern Han

B. C. 206- 220 A. D. B. C. 2068 A. D. 9- 23 A. D. 25- 220 A. D.

Wei Chin

1111- 249 B. C.

220- 265 A. D. Western Chin Eastern Chin

265- 317 A. D. 317- 420 A. D.

265- 420 A. D.

Southern and Northern Dynasties

4 2 0 - 589 A. D.

Sui

581- 618 A. D.

T'ang

6 1 8 - 907 A. D.

Five Dynasties

907- 960 A. D.

Sung

Northern Sung Southern Sung

960-1126 A. D. 1127-1279 A. D.

960-1279 A. D.

Yuan

(1206-) 1271-1368 A. D.

Ming

1368-1644 A. D.

Ch'ing

1644-1912 A. D.

Republic

1912—

A. D.

People's Republic

1949—

A. D.

278

INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES

A-t'ang, 11/26 Ai S s u - c h ' i , B34/1, B34/4 B35/3, 3 5 / 1 0 , 42/2 An T s o - c h a n g , 4 f / 4 , 4g/6 Ao Ching-hao, 10b/23 Bodde, Derk, B39/3 Chai Yen-chin, 6/16 Chan C h i e n - f e n g , B12/2, 10b/13, 12/3 Chang C h e n - t s e , 4 j / l Chang C h ' i - c h i h , B l / 1 1 , B l / 1 5 , 17/9, 2 1 / 1 3 , 29/7, 29/10, 33/7, 40/19 Chang C h i a - c h e n , 4a/17 Chang E n - t z ' u , 41/17 Chang H a i - p ' e n g , 4 b / 8 Chang H e n g - s h o u , 34/13 Chang H s i - s h e n , B29/1, B31/5-6 Chang H s i n - c h ' e n g , 11/25, 11/29 Chang J u - h s i n , B34/2 Chang Li-wen, 4 0 / 1 6 , 41/27 Chang M o - s h e n g , B2/6 Chang M o u - h s i n , 17/7 Chang M u - l i n g , 4 a / 8 279

Chang P ' e i , 11/27 Chang Shih-feng, 4 f / 2 Chang Shih-ying, B l / 9 3 4 / 2 , 34/12 Chang S h u i - f a n , 4 h / 8 , 7/6 Chang Shun-hui, B28/9, B28/18 Chang Sui-wu, 3 9 c / 3 Chang T a i - n i e n , B 1 / 5 - 6 , B24/1, 1 / 5 - 6 , 7 / 4 , 12/1, 2 4 / 1 - 2 , 2 4 / 5 , 2 4 / 7 , 2 9 / 1 , 4 2 / 6 , 42/12 Chang T ' a i - y e n , 3 3 / 5 , 33/8 Chang Tao-yang, 4h/10 Chang Te-chiin, 11/15, 31/23 Chang Te-hung, 12/15 Chang Tsai, Bl/10, B24/1, B29/1, B43/1, 1 / 4 , 2 4 / 1 - 1 1 , 2 9 / 9 - 1 0 , 30/4 Chang Tung-sun, 3 6 / 1 Chang T z u - s u n g , 10b/29 Chang W e n - j u , 40/10 Chang Y u - t ' i e n , 3 1 / 8 , 31/14 Chao C h i - p i n , B2/8, B 4 / l - l b , B16/3, B19/2, B21/1, B43/5, 3 / 2 ,

4 e / l 5 , 4Í/12, 4i/3, lOb/28, 1 2 / 7 , 1 2 / 9 a , 12/24a-25, 15/1, 15/6, 21/1, 21/7, 32/6-7, 39c/15-16 Chao Ch'ing, 3 1 / 2 5 Chao-fu, 4 0 / 1 3 Chao Hsiao, 2 4 / 1 0 Chao Hsien-hsien, 4 e / l Chao-k'ai, 6 / 1 7 Chao Li-sheng, B 2 8 / 2 Ch'ao Sung-t'ing, 4 a / 3 7 , 4 a / 4 4 , 4f/10 Che Shan, 4d/12 Ch'e Tsai, BIO/7-8, 4 a / 2 5 , 4 b / 9 , 4 c / 4 , 4 e / l 4 , 4f/3, 4f/5, 4 f / l l , 4h/18, 1 0 a / 2 0 , 10b/6, 12/23a Ch'en Chen-wei, 4 a / 7 Ch'en Cheng-fu, 23/7 Ch'en Cheng-yen, 6 / 7 , 12/22 Ch'en Chih, 1 8 / 8 Ch'en Chih-shang, 4 a / 1 7 Ch'en Ch'i-yu, B14/3, B14/6 Ch'en ch'ueh, B26/1, B28/20 Ch'en Hsiao-ya, 4d/8 Ch'en Hsien-ta, 3 6 / 1 Ch'en Hsiu-chai, B l / 9 , 3 9b/7 Ch'en Hsü-lu, 31/17 Ch'en I-ch'eng, 3 9 b / 8 - 9 Ch'en K'o-ming, 1 1 / 1 2 , 29/13 Ch'en Ku-chia, 31/27 Ch'en Liang, 2 3 / 4 280

Ch'en Meng-lin, 4 a / l l , 10b/ 9 Ch'en T a o - c h a n g , 2 / 1 0 , 1Ob/25 Ch'en Tu-hsiu, B l / 1 5 , 3 3 / 4 Ch'en Yin-k'o, 2 2 / 1 , 2 2 / 3 Ch'en Yii-sen, B l / 1 7 , 4 d / l a , 4 f / 8 , 4 g / 8 , 17/2, 18/6, 24/6 Ch'en Yuan, B20/3, 4 1 / 5 Ch'en Yiian-hui, B19/1 Cheng Ch'i-lung, 5 / 2 Cheng Ho-sheng, 3 1 / 2 Cheng Wen, B18/4, 18/3 Ch'eng Hao, 2 5 / 3 Ch'eng I, B28/14 Chi Lien-k'ang, B8/4, B12/8 Chi Ssu, 4f/13 Chi Wen, 2 6 / 3 ChiWen-fu, B 2 / 9 , B 2 9 / 5 - 6 , B34/12, 4 a / 2 , 4 a / 2 9 , 4a/33, 28/2, 29/3, 29/9, 29/19 Ch'i-hsiang, 2 7 / 2 Ch'i Liang-chi, 4 0 / 7 Ch'i Ssu-ho, 3 4 / 1 4 Ch'i Yun, 6 / 6 Chia I, 1 6 / 6 - 7 a Chia T'ing-ch'u, 3 2 / 1 Chiang, 4d/5 Chiang Kai-shek, 3 8 / 2 , 39c/ 6 Chiang K'o-yii, 1 Ob/3 2 Chiang P'u, 4h/15 Chiang Tsu-i, B18/5 Chiang Tsu-yiian, 4d/7 Chiao Hsun, B6/1, B28/18 Ch'iao Ch'ang-lu, 39b/5

C h i e h - j e n , lOb/1 Ch'ien Mu, B l / 3 Chin C h ' a o - t z u , 4 a / 4 1 Chin Chung, 12/10 Chin Yüeh-lin, B 3 4 / 9 , 34/2, 34/8, 35/15 Ch'iu, 40/17 Ch'iu H a n - s h e n g , B 1 6 / 3 , B19/2, B21/1, 23/1 Ch'iu T ' a o - c h ' a n g , 2 / 9 Chou C h e n - f u , B 3 1 / 6 , 11/35 Chou C h i - j e n , 10a/8 Chou C h i e n - j e n , 1 0 b / 8 , 1 0 b / l l , 10b/17-18, 10b/21 Chou Chung-ling, B14/4 Chou, Duke of, 4 a / 3 0 , 4 b / 2 , 35/14 Chou F u - c h ' e n g , B 1 7 / 1 , 7/1, 7/3, 17/5, 30/1 Chou Pin-wu, 4 i / l Chou T ' i a o - y a n g , 2 9 / 2 0 Chou Tun-i, 2 3 / 2 , 2 3 / 5 - 6 Chou T z u - c h ' i a n g , 4 g / 9 Chou Wen-ying, 16/8 ChouYing, 16/7-7a Chu C h ' i e n - c h i h , B10/5, B25/1, B26/5, B27/1, 4 a / 4 0 , 2 6 / 2 , 26/6 Chu C h ' i n g , B21/1 Chu C h ü n - s h e n g , B8/5 Chu H s i , B l / 1 0 , B 2 5 / 1 , P28/14, 25/1-2, 2 5 / 4 - 6 Chu Huo, 4d/2, 4g/l, 4h/12 Chu Kuang-ch'ien, 4 2 / 7 Chu Po-k'un, B l / 9 , B 2 8 / 3 , 19/5, 34/7, 35/8, 42/5, 42/12 281

Chu S h i h - c h ' e , B 1 4 / 1 Ch'u S h u - s e n , 4h/3 Ch'ii Kuo-hsing, B6/4 C h u a n g A n g , 1 1 / 3 3 , 17/11, 21/15 Chuang Tzu, B l / 1 3 , B2/1-2, B2/13, B l 1 / 1 - 6 , B29/8-9, 9/1-2, 10a/ll, 10a/16, 11/1-35, 13/1, 15/4, 29/4, 29/14, 39d/2 Chung C h a o - p ' e n g , 4 a / 2 4 , 4e/3, 4e/8, 4f/10a, 18/11, 39c/4 Chung Erh-chii, 4 e / l l , 39c/ 4 Chung H s i n g - c h i n , 2 9 / 3 1 Chung K'uei, 7/14 Chung L e i , 12/12 Confucius, B1/14-15, B 2 / 1 - 2 , B 2 / 7 , B2/11, B2/19, B4/1-9, B31/9, B39/4, 2 / 4 , 4a/1-45, 4b/l-9, 4 c / l - 7 , 4d/1-25, 4e/1-16, 4f/1-25, 4g/l-11, 4h/l-18, 4 i / l - 6 , 4J/1-5, 8/4, 15/7, 35/14, 39a/18, 39d/l, 40/21, 41/11, 41/14, 42/8 Dewey, 3 4 / 1 ,

34/8-9

E n g e l s , 29/16 Fan Chen, B l / 1 0 , B 1 9 / 1 , B20/5, 19/5, 19/8, 21/3, 41/11

Fan-hsing, 4a/32, 8/4 Fang H s i a o - p o , B7/2 Fang I - c h i h , B26/6 Fang K ' o - l i , 4 f / 2 5 , 3 9c/16a-17, 40/20 Fang Li, 8 / 1 1 , 4 1 / 2 6 Feng C h i n g - y u a n , 1 0 a / 1 0 , 23/8 Fu J e n - k a n , B 8 / 1 Fu-shan, 7/16 Fung Y u - l a n , B l / 3 , B l / I 6 a , B4/8-9, B10/7a-8, B l l / 4 , B l l / 6 , B28/15, B 3 4 / 8 - 9 , B35/1, B39/1-6, B43/2, B43/4, 1/8-9, 2/6, 4a/3-4, 4 a / 1 5 - 1 7 , 4 d / 3 , 4d/20, 4d/25, 4f/6-7, 4f/16, 4f/19, 4f/23, 4f/25, 7/11, 8/1-2, 8/20, 9/1-3, 10a/ll, 10a/16, 10b/14, 10b/24, 10b/28, 11/7, 11/11, 11/28, 12/2, 13/1, 14/11, 17/10, 17/14, 23/4, 27/1, 29/5, 29/21, 31/18, 31/21, 33/2, 33/6, 33/8, 34/3, 34/7, 35/5, 35/14, 38/1, 39a/l-18, 39b/1-9, 39c/l-17, 39d/l-2, 40/1-21, 41/2, 41/6, 41/11, 41/16, 41/19-21, 41/23, 41/25, 42/1, 42/4, 42/8, 4 2 / 1 4 - 1 4 a Han Fei Tzu, B 2 / 1 - 2 , B 2 / 7 , 282

B2/13, B14/3-6, 2 / 4 , 6/9, 14/1-6, 14/8, 14/10-12a, 14/14-15. Han Yu, B 4 3 / 1 , 2 1 / 1 , 22/1-8 Hao C h ' i n g - t ' a o , 4 e / 1 2 Hao I - c h i n , 4 1 / 1 5 Hao S h a n - c h ' u n , 2 6 / 1 Hegel, 20/1 Ho C h a o - w u , 3 3 / 7 Ho C h i h - k a n g , 4 f / 1 4 Ho C h i n g - h a o , 1 0 b / 2 3 Ho C h o , 1 7 / 5 Ho H s i n - y i n , B 2 6 / 4 Ho Lin, B l / 3 , B 3 4 / 4 , B35/1, 3 5 / 7 , 3 8 / 2 , 39b/4, 42/5 H o W e n - k u a n g , B30/2 Hou C h e n - p ' e n g , 4 c / 5 Hou W a i - l u , B l / 1 1 , B1/15, B2/8, B16/3, B19/2, B 2 1 / 1 , B 2 3 / 2 a , B26/1-2, B26/3a, B26/7, B28/6-6a, B34/5, B 3 4 / 9 , 1/11, 7 / 1 6 , 16/2, 19/1-2, 21/5, 21/7-9, 21/12-14, 23/1, 26/4-5, 29/7, 32/4, 34/9, 35/13 H s i K ' a n g , B19/5, 19/3, 19/9 Hsi Tse-tsung, 25/5 Hsia C h e n - t ' a o , 7 / 1 2 Hsia Chi-sung, 4 e / 4 Hsia Shu, 10a/6 H s i a Tsung-yii, 4 h / 5 H s i a o S h a - f u , 21/11, 2 6 / 2 , 29/17, 29/24, 42/12

Huang L i - c h ' i a n g , 4 a / 9 Huang 9 N a n - s e n , 3 4 / 2 , 41/17 Huang T s u n g - h s i , B 2 8 / 5 , B28/7, 28/2, 41/14 Huang T z u - t ' u n g , 4 a / 3 Huang W a n , B26/3 Huang Yiin-mei, 2 2 / 3 Hui S h i h , 1 1 / 5 , 1 3 / 1 Hung C h i a - i , 4 e / 6 , 4 e / l 0 Hung C h ' i e n , B l / 9 Hung H s i u - c h ' i i a n , 2 8 / 3 Huxley, 33/6

Hsiao Shen, 19/8 Hsieh Chen-min, 4g/3 Hsieh Kuo-chen, B28/7, B28/11 H s i n Lan, 4 h / 1 6 Hsing Kung-wan, 7 / 1 7 Hsiung S h i h - l i , B l / 1 3 , B37/1-3, 20/4 Hsu C h u n g - s h u , 4 b / 5 Hsii H s i n g , 15/6 Hsu H u n g - h u i , 3 / 1 , 1 2 / 8 Hsii I - c h i i n , 3 1 / 2 2 Hsu M e n g - y i n g , 4 h / l Hsu M i n , 1 8 / 7 , 1 8 / 9 Hsii T s u n g - m i e n , 4 1 / 1 Hsii W e i - y i i , B14/2 Hsiian-tsang, Bl/13, B20/2, 20/1, 20/4 Hsiin Tzu, B 2 / 1 - 2 , B 2 / 5 , B2/7, B2/13, B2/17, B7/1-3, 1/4, 2/4, 4 a / 3 6 , 7 / 1 - 2 0 , 14/12, 18/6, 41/11 Hu C h ' u - y u a n , 10b/16 Hu P i - n a n , 2 9 / 3 0 Hu Sheng, B 4 3 / 2 , 4 1 / 6 Hu Shih, B 1 2 / 2 , B 3 4 / 1 - 1 2 , B43/1, B43/2, 33/1, 34/1-14, 3 9 a / 8 , 4 2 / 3 Hu S h i u - c h ' a n g , 1 0 b / 3 Hu S h i u - h s i a n g , 1 0 b / 3 Hua S h a n , 2 8 / 6 H u a i - n a n Tzu, B16/1, 1/1, 11/5, 16/4 Huan T ' a n , 18/11 Huang C h o - m i n g , 8 / 1 4 Huang H s u a n - m i n , 3 3 / 7 , 40/15

Jen C h i - y i i , B 2 / 7 , BIO/ 1, B I O / 8 , B l l / 6 , B12/3, B19/5a, B20/5, B28/3, B34/3, B34/12, B35/1-2, 4b/3, 6/1, 8/5, 10a/1, 10a/4, 10a/10, 10b/12, 10b/20, 10b/30, 10b/ 33, 1 1 / 1 - 2 , 11/8, 11/20, 11/23, 12/17, 14/4, 16/3, 19/4, 20/2-3, 2 0 / 5 - 7 , 2 0 / 9 , 2 9 / 18, 35/6, 39c/5 Jen Chiian, 4 c / 2, 4 c / 6, 5/1, 11/19 Jen H u a , B l / 9, 3 9 c / 9 Juan C h i , 1 9 / 9 Juan T e - j u , 1 9 / 7 Juan Yuan, B28/ 18 Jung C h a o - t s u , B 2 6 / 4 , B 2 7 / 2 , 19/ 7, 2 6 / 7 , 2 6 / 10 283

K'ang Y u - w e i , B 2 8 / 1 0 , B28/15, B28/17, B31/1- la, B31/5-6, B31/9-10, 31/1, 31/4, 31/10-12, 31/18-20, 31/25, 31/27-28 Kant, 4 a / 4 0 , 2 3 / 3 Kao C h i a o - f u , 2 9 / 1 1 Kao H e n g , B 2 / 7 , B 2 / 1 3 , B8/2, B8/6, B10/2, B12/5, B14/7, B34/8, 4a/38, 4b/4, 4j/5, 7/10, lOa/5, 11/30, 12/5 Kao T s a n - f e i , 4 f / 1 7 Keng T i n g - h s i a n g , 2 7 / 3 Keng-yeh, 14/3 Ko F e n g , 11/10 Ko M o u - c h ' u n , 4 c / 1 Ku C h i e h - k a n g , B16/2 Ku K u e i - c h ' i n g , 19/6 Ku S h u - s e n , B8/3 Ku-tal, 4 c / 3 , 1 2 / 9 . See a l s o Kuan Feng Ku W e i - c h i n , 4 h / 7 Ku Yen-wu, B 2 8 / 2 , B 2 8 / 5 , B 2 8 / 9 , B28/11, B28/20, 28/6 Kuan C h u n g , B l / 1 3 , B 2 / 1 9 , B14/2, 1/1, 4 a / 3 0 , 9/1, 1 4 / 7 , 1 4 / 9 , 14/16 Kuan F e n g , B l / 1 3 , B2/19, BIO/8, B l l / 4 , B l l / 6 , B18/2, B 4 3 / 3 , 1/10, 4a/26, 4a/31, 4a/34, 4 a / 3 7 , 4 d / 3 , 4d/17, 4 e / 11, 4 e / 13 4f/9, 4g/2, 4g/6, 284

6 / 9, 1 0 a / 12, 10a/14, 10a/17, 10a/24, 10b/10, 10b/22, lOb/27, 11/6, 11/9, 11/17, 11/24, 14/9-10, 14/12a-13, 15/5, 19/8, 2 9 / 4 , 29/8, 29/15, 29/22, 39b/4, 39c/10, 3 9 c / l 2 , 40/6, 40/21, 41/16, 41/18, 41/20, 41/22, 4 1 / 2 7 a . See a l s o Ku-tai. Kuan H s i e h - c h ' u , 1 0 b / 2 3 Kuan Tzu. See Kuan Chung Kung C h a o - h s i a n g , 4 0 / 1 0 Kung-sun Lung Tzu, B 2 / 5 , B13/1-2, 13/2-5 Kung T z u - c h e n , 2 8 / 5 K'ung F a n , 7 / 1 5 , 2 6 / 8 , 3 9b/6 Kuo A i - c h ' u n , B28/12 Kuo C h ' i n g - f a n B l l / 5 Kuo H s i a n g , B l l / l Kuo H u a - m i n , 1 0 a / 2 3 Kuo M o - j o , B 2 / 2 , B 1 4 / 2 , B34/3, B34/6, 4 d / 4 , 1 2 / 3 , 14/7 Kuo Y ü n - p ' e n g , 3 2 / 5 Lao Tzu, B l / 1 3 , B 2 / 7 , B2/11, B 2 / 1 9 , BIO/1-8, B 2 9 / 8 - 9 , B 4 3 / 1 , B43/5, 2/1, 9/1-2, 10a/l-24, 1 0 b / l - 3 3 , 11/19, 14/11-12, 15/4, 19/6, 2 9 / 8 , 2 9 / 1 4 - 1 5 , 29/18, 29/31, 42/13 Leibniz, 4a/40

Leng J a n , 13/ 5 Lenin, 2 0 / 1 Li Ao, 2 1 / 6 Li C h a n g - c h i h , B 4 / 5 Li C h ' i , 1 / 7 Li C h ' i - c h ' i e n , 4 a / l 6 Li C h i h , B l / 1 0 , B 2 7 / 1 - 5 , B39/5, 2 7 / 1 - 3 Li C h i n - c h ' ü a n , Bl/17, 38/5 Li C h i n g - c h ' i h , 8 / 7 , 8 / 1 0 , 8/15, 8/17 Li C h i n g - c h ' u n , B 8 / 7 - 8 , 4a/l9-20, 4j/4, 8/3, 8/12, 8/18-19, 8 / 2 1 , 12/6 Li C h ' u n - i , 12/14 Li H e n g , B l / 1 0 , 1 / 3 Li H s ü e h - c h ' i n , B l / 1 1 , Bl/15, 17/9, 21/14, 40/19 Li I - f u , 4 e / 5 Li J i h - h u a , 3 5 / 1 6 Li K'an, 4 a / 4 5 Li Kou, 1 / 4 Li K u a n g - t s ' a n , 3 2 / 5 Li K ' u a n g - w u , 7 / 1 9 Li Kung, B 2 8 / 8 , B28/16 Li M i n g , 4 a / 1 2 , 1 7 / 3 , 17/6, 17/8 Li P i n g - y i n g , B6/2 Li S h i h , B 1 8 / 1 Li S h i h - f a n , 6 / 1 1 , 1 2 / 1 9 Li S h o u - y u n g , 4 b / 7 Li Ta, B34/ 3 - 5 , B 3 4 / 1 0 , 29/23, 34/5 Li T a - c h a o , 3 3 / 4 Li T e - y u n g , B 7 / 3 , 7 / 5 , 14/5, 23/6, 25/2 285

Li T ' i e n - y u , 4 h / 1 3 Li T i n g - s h e n g , 1 0 a / 2 2 Li T s e - h o u , B 3 1 / 1 0 , 3 1 / 4 , 31/6, 31/11, 31/13, 31/15, 34/4 Li T s u n g - m o u , 7 / 1 8 , 14/15 Li W e n - h a i , 3 1 / 2 8 Li Y i n - n u n g , 4 h / 9 , 4 h / 1 7 , 6/15 Liang C h ' i - c h ' a o , B 2 8 / 1 0 , B 2 8 / 1 5 , B 2 8 / 1 7 , B31/11, 33/1-2 Liang C h ' i - h s i u n g , B 7 / 1 , B 1 4 / 5 , 7 / 2 0 , 14/12 Liang S o u - m i n g , B l / 3 , B35/1-3, 33/1, 34/10, 35/1-16, 3 9 a / 8 Lieh Tzu, B 1 5 / 1 - 2 , 15/7 Lin C h i e h , 4 f / 2 1 Lin K ' o - k u a n g , 3 1 / 1 2 Lin Lin, 4 a / 4 2 , 4 f / 2 2 , 4g/ 4 LinYing, B l / 1 1 Lin Y ü - s h i h , B l / 1 3 , B2/19, BIO/8, 4 a / 2 6 , 4 a / 3 1 , 4a/34, 4a/37, 4e/ll, 4e/l3, 4f/9, 4g/2, I0a/12, 10a/14, 10a/17, 10a/24, 1 0 b / l 0 , 1Ob/22, 1 Ob/27, 1 4 / 9 , 1 4 / 1 3 , 40/21, 41/27a Liu C h ' a n g - k u e i , 1 Ob/2 3 Liu C h i , 2 6 / 7 , 2 6 / 9 - 1 1 Liu C h i e h , l / 1 0 a , 4 a / 4 5 , 4d/8, 4 f / l 5 , 12/23, 38/3-4, 38/6-8

Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu

Chieh-jen, 4 f / l Chih-chi, 21/8-10 Ch'üan-te, 4a/12 Hui-sun, 8/9 Kung-ch'un, B28/16 P ' a n - s u i , B18/3 Pao-nan, B4/ 6 T s ' a o - n a n , 8/13 T s e - j u , B5/1 Tsung-yüan, 2 1 / 1 - 5 , 21/12-14, 22/6, 22/8 Liu Wu, B l l / 2 Liu Y ü - h s i , 2 1 / 1 - 2 , 21/11, 21/15 Liu Yü-huang, 6 / 1 9 , 10b/26 Liu Yüan-yen, 4 e / 1 6 Lo K e n - t s e , B2/10 Lu C h i h - h s i n g , 4 a / 2 8 Lu Ch'in, 1 1 / 3 1 - 3 2 Lu Chün-chung, 4 0 / 8 Lu Ch'un-lung, 4 0 / 1 4 Lu H s i a n g - s h a n , B 2 8 / 4 - 4 a Lu Hsün, B 1 9 / 5 , 1 9 / 3 Lu N a n - c h ' i a o , 4 f / 1 8 , 4h/14 LuYü-san, 42/12 Lü Chen-yü, B l / l - l a , 4d/22 Lü K'un, B 2 6 / 7 Lü L i - c h o , 12/16 Lü Pu-wei, B 2 / 2 , B 2 / 1 3 , 13/1, 16/8 Lü-shih. S e e Lü Pu-wei Lü S h i h - h s i a n g , 2 4 / 4 Lü T a - c h i , 1 8 / 4 Lü T s ' a i , B l / 1 0 , 2 1 / 7 Luan T ' i a o - f u , B12/4 286

Ma H s ü - l u n , B 1 0 / 3 , B l l / 3 Ma T s ' a i , 4 a / 3 , 4 h / l l , 33/3 Mao H u a i - h s i n , 3 0 / 3 Mao L i - j u i , 1 7 / 1 , 22/4 Mao M i n g - c h i a , 3 9 c / l Mao T s e - t u n g , B l / 1 0 , B18/2, B39/4, 27/1, 39a/3, 39a/6, 42/2 Mencius, B 2 / l - l a , B6/1-4, B30/1-2, 2 / 4 , 4a/36, 4i/6, 6/1-21, 41/11 Meng Wen-t'ung, 2 / 7 , 4a/21 Mo Tzu, B 2 / 1 - 2 , B 2 / 1 1 , B2/13, B4/2, B12/0-8, B43/5, 2/4, 4e/14, 4 i / 3 , 1 2 / 1 - 2 5 , 14/12 Ni H a i - s h u , B4/3 Pai Shou-i, B 2 1 / 1 P'an F u - e n , 10b/31, 25/4 P'an H s i a n g , 29/6 P'an Tzu-nien, 4 2 / 1 0 P'ang P'u, 4 f / 2 0 , 1 0 b / 1 9 , 1 3 / 2 , 1 5 / 7 , 31/26 Pen L i - j e n , 6 / 1 2 P'ei Min, B 2 8 / 1 P'ei Wei, 19/10 Petrov, B18/1, 18/1, 19/6 P i - t e - l o - f u . S e e Petrov Pien H s i n g - c h ' a n g , 4 i / 2 S e n g - c h a o , B20/5 S h a n - s h i h , 4d/16

S h a n g , Lord, B 1 4 / 1 , B14/7 Shao-cheng Mao, 4g/4 Shao H o - t ' i n g , 7 / 2 ShaoYung, 23/3, 26/4 Shen C h e n , 4 d / 1 4 Shen C h ' i , 4 h / 2 Shen K u a n - c h ' i i n , 4 h / 4 Shen M i n g , 3 5 / 4 Shen T i e h - m i n , 8 / 8 ShenYu-ting, 12/21, 13/3 Shih C h ' a n g - t u n g , 1 0 b / 3 1 Shih C h ' i , 4 j / 2 , 1 1 / 3 Shih C h ' u - j e n , 4 2 / 1 5 Shih C h u n , B 2 8 / 3 , B28/13, 28/4, 33/4, 41/7 Shih T s ' u n , 2 0 / 1 0 Shu C h ' u , 2 7 / 3 Shu S h i h - c h ' e n g , 4 j / 3 Shun, Emperor, 4 a / 1 1 , 6 / 1 7 Ssu-ma Ch'ien, 16/3 S s u - m a W e n , 17/12 Su Y u a n - l e i , 4 a / 6 Sun C h a n - w e n , 4 d / l l Sun C h ' a n g - c h i a n g , 4 a / 2 7 , 14/14, 31/7, 31/9, 31/16, 31/20, 39c/13, 40/12, 40/18 Sun C h e n - t u n g , 3 0 / 2 Sun C h i u , 4 a / 1 3 Sun C h u n g - y u a n , 1 2 / 2 4 Sun H s i a o - k ' u n g , 6 / 1 0 Sun I - j a n g , B 1 2 / 1 Sun T i n g - k u o , 3 4 / 1 Sun T s o - m i n , 4 b / 6 Sun Y a t - s e n , B l / 1 0 , Bl/14, B28/10, B28/17, B32/1, B43/5, 32/1-7 Sung H s i n g . See Sung Tzu 287

Sung Tzu, B 2 / l - l a , 9 / 2 , 15/1, 1 5 / 5 Sung Y u - k ' o , 4 e / 2 Sung Yiin-pin, B 3 1 / l - l a , 4 a / l Tai C h e n , B 3 0 / l - 2 , ' B 3 - 9 / 3 , 30/1-4, 41/14 Tai C h ' i n g - h s i e n , 6 / 3 Tai I, 3 1 / 2 8 Tai M i n g - y a n g , B19/5 Tai W a n g , B28/16 T'an C h i a - c h i e n , 4i/6 T'an C h i e h - f u , B l / 1 3 , B 1 2 / 6 , B 1 3 / 2 , 11/5 T'an Shuang-ch'iian, 29/25 T'an S s u - t ' u n g , B l / 1 0 , B28/10, B31/2-4, B31/7-8, B31/10-11, B39/5, 17/12, 3 1 / 2 - 3 , 31/5-9, 31/13, 31/16-17, 31/21-24, 31/26 Tang C h ' i n g - f a n , B 2 / 1 1 T'ang C h e n , B 2 8 / 4 - 4 a T'ang C h i - c h i i n , 3 1 / 1 0 , 31/19, 31/29 T'ang I - c h i e h , B l / 1 3 , 2 / 5 , 4 a / 2 2 , 4 a / 3 9, 6 / 5 , 1 0 a / 1 3 , 10b/15, 11/34, 17/11, 19/9-11, 39c/13, 40/11-12, 40/18, 42/9, 42/12 T'ang Lan, 4 a / 3 5 , 6 / 2 1 T'ang M i n g - p a n g , 2 9 / 1 2 T'ang Y u n g - t ' u n g , B 1 9 / 3 , B19/5a, B20/1, B20/4, B35/2, 19/4, 20/3, 20/8, 35/6

T'ao H u n g - c h ' i n g , 'B2/12 T e - a n , 1/7 Teng H s i , B13/1 Teng Hung-yu, 4 b / 5 Teng P i n g - i , 24/3 Teng T' a n - c h o u , 22/2 Ti-chih, 39b/3 T'ien C h ' a n g - w u , B18/6 T'ien C h u - c h i e n , 4 d / 6 T'ien Kuang-lieh, B20/2, 20/1 Tou Ch'ung-kuang, 7 / 1 3 , 42/8 Ts'ai S h a n g - s s u , B l / 2 - 3 , B33/ 1 Ts'ai Yiian-p'ei, B33/1, 33/3 Ts'e Kou, 3 4 / 1 0 , 4 2 / 3 Ts'en Chung-mien, B12/7 Tsou Yen, B l / 1 6 Ts'ui H s i n - c h ' u a n , 4g/7 Ts'ui Shu, 4g/2 Tu Kuo-hsiang (Tu Shou-su), B2/1, B2/5, B2/8, B16/3, B19/2, B21/1, B 4 3 / 4 , 41/22 Tu Shou-su (Tu Kuo-hsiang), B2/ la Tung C h i h - a n , 4 j / 5 Tung C h u n g - s h u , B17/1, 17/1-14, 41/11 Tung-fang Ming, 8/16 Tung-ni, 31/5 T'ung Tan, 4 a / 1 8 T'ung Shu-yeh, 4 a / 1 4 , 4b/1 T z u - c h ' a n , 4 a / 30,10a/ 17, 14/13 288

T z u - c h ' i , 35/11 Wang An- shih , 2 3 / 1 , 2 3 / 7-8 Wang C h i - y u , B l l / 5 Wang C h ' i - h s i a n g , B13/1 Wang C h i e h - p ' i n g , 3 3 / 1 Wang Chung, B28/18 Wang Chung-lo, 4 a / 3 0 , 4a/43, 4i/4 Wang Ch'ung, B18/1-6, B 3 9 / 3 , 1 6 / 2 , 18/1-11, 2 1 / 3 , 2 1 / 8 , 41/11 Wang F a n - c h i h , 15/2, 26/9, 26/11 Wang F u - c h i h , B l / 1 0 , B28/5, B28/20, B 2 9 / 1 - 9 , B39/5, 1 / 4 , 10b/ 33, 29/1-31, 3 9 a / 1 8 , 3 1 / 5 , 41/14 Wang Hsiao-yiï, B 2 9 / 8 , 29/14 Wang H s i e n - c h ' i e n , B l l / 2 Wang H s i e n - c h i n , 4 a / 2 3 , 4e/ 9 Wang H s i n - f u , 14/7 Wang H s i n g - h s i e n , B28/14 Wang H s u e h - h u a , B32/1 Wang I, B29/4, 1 4 / 2 - 3 , 1 4 / 6 , 29/2 Wang J e n - c h i h , 3 2 / 3 , 41/1 Wang Ken, 26/12 Wang Keng-t'ang, 28/6 Wang K'o-chung, 10b/23 Wang Kuo-hsun, B l / 1 0 Wang Ming, 8 / 6 , 8 / 2 1 , 9 / 4 , 12/13, 12/18, 1 6 / 4 , 17/4 Wang Nan, 11/14

Wang Pi, 1 9 / 6 , 1 9 / 1 1 Wang P o - h s i , 6 / 1 4 Wang P o - h s i a n g , B2 9 / 3 Wang Shih, B 3 3 / 2 Wang S h u - m i n , B l l / 1 Wang T e - y ü , 6 / 1 8 Wang T i e n - c h i , B l / 1 6 , 2/8, 7/9, lOb/7, 41/9 Wang T ' i n g - h s i a n g , B26/2, 26/4 Wang T s e - f u , 4 a / 5 Wang T z u - k a o , 3 4 / 2 Wang T z u - s u n g , B l / 9 , 34/2, 39b/1-2, 39c/7 Wang T z u - y i n g , 4 h / 6 Wang W e i - c h ' e n g , 3 3 / 5 Wang Yang-ming, B26/ 5, B28/4-4a, 26/1, 26/3-4, 26/8, 29/9, 35/9, 35/14 Wang Y ü - c h e , 2 1 / 1 0 Wang Y ü n - s h e n g , 2 2 / 6 ,

22/8 Wei Ch'in-wo, 4b/2 W e i W e n - h u a , 4g/7 Wen C h e n , 1 / l l a Wen I - t o , B14/2 W e n T s a o , B31/3 Wu C h i n g - c h ' a o , B 3 4 / 5 Wu C h ' u a n - c h ' i , 4 0 / 5 Wu H s i - c h a o , B l / 1 7 , 4 d / 9 Wu H u n g - f u , 3 8 / 4 Wu M e n g - f u , 2 2 / 7 Wu P ' e i - y ü a n , 5 / 2 Wu T s e , 4 c / 7 , 1 5 / 3 - 4 , 18/2-3, 29/26 Wu T s e - y ü , 1 1 / 1 8 , 1 6 / 5 , 18/10, 41/13 289

Wu W e n , 7 / 7 Wu W e n - c h i h , 6 / 2 0 ,

21/3

Yang C h ' a o , B l / l l , B l / 1 5 , BIO/ 4 , 2 / 1, 2 / 3 , 1 0 a / 3, 10b/ 4, 1 7 / 9 , 1 8 / 1 , 1 8 / 5 , 3 3 / 7 , 4 0 / 19 Yang C h e n g - t i e n , B 3 1 / 4 , 3 1 / 3, 3 2 / 2 , 4 0 / 3 Yang C h u , B 1 2 / 4 , 2 / 7 , 15/2-4 Yang C h ' ü a n , 19/12 Yang F e n g - l i n , 2 8 / 5 Yang H s i a n g - k ' u e i , B 2 / 7 , B2/16, B4/8, B21/1, 1/1-2, 4a/10, 4g/11, 6 / 2 , 7 / 8 , 1 0 a / 9 , 11/4, 12/4, 14/8, 16/1, 24/11, 2 5 / 3 , 3 1 / 1 Yang H s i e n g - p ' a n g , 3 9c/6, 41/8 Yang H s i n g - s h u n , B l / 1 0 , B10/4, 1/3, 10a/3, 10b/2 Yang H s i u n g , 1 6 / 5 Yang H u i - c h ' i n , 2 1 / 4 Yang J u n g - k u o , B l / 1 7 , B2/4, B4/2, B10/8, B12/0, B21/1, B31/7, B43/1, 2/2, 4a/28, 4a/36, 4d/4, 4d/8, 10a/18, 11/16, 14/1, 19/12, 21/6, 22/5, 23/3, 23/5, 24/8, 29/27, 34/6, 38/7 Yang K e n g - c h i e n , 1 2 / 1 1 Yang L i u - c h ' i a o , B I O / 6 , 10a/15, 10b/5

Yang P ' e i - c h i h , B28/8,

34/10-11, 35/9, 42/3 Yen. Pei-ming-, 4f/24, 31/24 Yen P ' i n - c h u n g ; 41/14 YenYiian, B 2 8 / 8 , B28/12, B28/14, B28/16, B 2 8 / 2 0 , 28/1, 28/4 Yin Ming, 6 / 1 3 Yin P ' u , 4 i / 5 Yin S h i h - t e , 25/6 Yin Tzu. See Yin Wen Tzu Yin Wen Tzu, B 2 / l - l a , B13/1, 9 / 2 , 15/1, 1 5 / 5 Yu C h ' i - t s ' u n g , 2 5 / 1 Yu-chien, 17/13 Yu C h ' a n g , B2/20 Yii C h ' e n g - c h i , 4a/17 Yii C h ' i n g - s u n g , 10a/21 Yu Fu, 4g/10 Yii Sheng-wu, B2/17 Yii T'ung, B l / 1 2 Yii Yii eh, B l / 4 Yueh C h ' e n g , 10a/19 Y u e h - f u - c h ' u - k ' o , M. T. , 41/14

28/1

Yang Po-chun, B 4 / 7 , B15/2 Yang S h u - t a , B4/4, B16/1 Yang T ' i e n - s h i h , 26/12 Yang T ' i n g - f u , B28/5, B31/8 Yang Yuan, 11/22 Yang Yung-chi, 13/4 Yao C h i a - h u a , 14/16 Yao, Emperor, 4a/11, 6/17 Yao P ' e n g - t z u , B34/11 Yeh C h ' i u , 4 g / 5 Yeh-jang, 1 / 7 Yeh Mang, 1 2 / 2 0 YehYii-hua, 2 / 4 Yen C h ' a n g - k u e i , 2 9 / 1 6 , 42/16 Yen Fu, B28/10, B28/17, B28/20, B33/2, 31/5, 33/6-7 Yen Hui,. B39/4, 4a/32 Yen M l n g - h s i e n , 10a/7,

290

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Chinese Philosophy, IS Corrections List

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