AWWA B112-19 Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems [1 ed.] 9781613005132, 9781625763419

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ANSI/AWWA B112-19 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B112-15)

®

AWWA Standard

Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems

Effective date: May 1, 2019. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 24, 2015. This edition approved Jan. 24, 2019. Approved by American National Standards Institute Feb. 1, 2019.

SM

Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed in the Official Notice section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.

American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution Notice: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900, or emailing [email protected].

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including scanning, recording, or any information or retrieval system. Reproduction and commercial use of this material is prohibited, except with written permission from the publisher. Please send any requests or questions to [email protected].

ISBN-13, print:  978-1-62576-341-9

eISBN-13, electronic:  978-1-61300-513-2



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.B112.19

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including scanning, recording, or any information or retrieval system. Reproduction and commercial use of this material is prohibited, except with written permission from the publisher. Copyright © 2019 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA

ii Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Subcommittee on Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems for Water Treatment, which developed and reviewed revisions to this standard, had the following personnel at the time of subcommittee approval: Scott D.N. Freeman, Chair Russell R. Ferlita, Vice Chair General Interest Members D.R. Brown, CDM Smith, Denver, Colo. F.G. Edwards, University of Arkansas Department of Civil Engineering, Fayetteville, Ark. S.D.N. Freeman, Black & Veatch, Madison, Wis. M.C. Graves, Freese and Nichols Inc., Austin, Tex. Producer Members F. Knops, Pentair, Enschede, The Netherlands W.P. Kosar, Jr., Arkema Inc., King of Prussia, Pa. K.P. Lange-Haider, Dow Water & Process Solutions, St. Paul, Minn. J. Swiezbin, Pall Corp., Port Washington, N.Y. User Members A.M. Bankston, Division of Water Treatment & Distribution Services, Minneapolis, Minn. R.R. Ferlita, City of Dunedin, Dunedin, Fla. J.T. Morris, Metropolitan Water District, San Marino, Calif. A. Rogers, Keokuk Municipal Waterworks, Keokuk, Iowa The AWWA Standards Committee on Membranes, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of committee approval: Scott D.N. Freeman, Chair Russell R. Ferlita, Vice Chair General Interest Members D.R. Brown, CDM Smith, Denver, Colo. W.J. Conlon, Parsons Corp., Tampa, Fla. iii Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

F.G. Edwards, University of Arkansas Department of Civil Engineering, Fayetteville, Ark. S.D.N. Freeman, Black & Veatch, Madison, Wis. M.C. Graves, Freese and Nichols Inc., Austin, Tex. R.S. Hughes,* Standards Council Liaison, Valley Forge, Pa. T.J. McCandless,* Standards Engineer Liaison, Denver, Colo. D.J. Paulson, Water Think Tank, LLC, Minnetonka, Minn. A.J. Slotterback, Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, Mo. H. Steiman, Newton, Mass. Producer Members P.M. Gallagher, Evoqua Water Technologies LLC, Tewksbury, Mass. F. Knops, Pentair, Enschede, The Netherlands W.P. Kosar, Jr., Arkema Inc., King of Prussia, Pa. K.P. Lange-Haider, Dow Water & Process Solutions, St. Paul, Minn. B. Mack, Veolia Water Solutions & Technology, Natick, Mass. M. Singh, Koch Membrane Systems Inc., Wilmington, Mass. J. Swiezbin, Pall Corp., Port Washington, N.Y. User Members A.M. Bankston, Division of Water Treatment & Distribution Services, Minneapolis, Minn. R.R. Ferlita, City of Dunedin, Dunedin, Fla. J.T. Morris, Metropolitan Water District, San Marino, Calif. A. Rogers, Keokuk Municipal Waterworks, Keokuk, Iowa H. Seah, Public Utilities Board, Singapore T. Suydam, San Diego County Water Authority, Escondido, Calif.

* Liaison, nonvoting. iv Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC.

PAGE SEC.

4.4 Water Flow and Water Quality Data Requirements............................. 13

Foreword I Introduction..................................... vii

4.5 Performance Criteria........................ 13

I.A Background...................................... vii

4.6 Products/Components...................... 16

I.B History............................................. vii II

Special Issues.................................... viii

III

Use of This Standard........................ viii

5 Verification 5.1 Installation....................................... 20 5.2 Start-Up and Commissioning........... 20

III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives.... ix

5.3 Training........................................... 21

III.B Modification to Standard................. ix IV

PAGE

5.4

Major Revisions................................ ix

Field Testing..................................... 21

5.5 Basis for Rejection............................ 22

V Comments....................................... ix

6

Delivery, Storage, And Handling

Standard

6.1 Packaging......................................... 22

1 General

6.2 Shipping, Handling, and Storage...... 22

1.1 Scope............................................... 1

6.3 Affidavit of Compliance................... 23

1.2 Purpose............................................ 1

Appendixes

1.3 Application....................................... 1

A Bibliography..................................... 25

2 References....................................... 2

B

3 Definitions...................................... 2

System Description Table................. 27

Tables

4 Requirements

1

4.1 Materials.......................................... 8 4.2 System Requirements....................... 8

2

4.3 Data to Be Provided by System Supplier...................................... 9

B.1

Guide to AWWA Membrane Standards and Typical Membrane Characteristics.......... viii Feedwater Quality Data to Be Provided..................................... 14 MF/UF Systems.................................. 27

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Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA B112. I. Introduction. I.A. Background.  The purpose of ANSI/AWWA B112 is to provide purchasers with a standard for the purchase and installation of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane systems. Membranes are made from a variety of polymeric and inorganic materials, although polymeric varieties currently predominate. Measurements of membrane performance, including separation and output, are not universally standardized by regulatory agencies. However, some standards groups have published standardized measurement methods, and the industry has developed common and accepted approaches. This is one of the purposes of the testing requirements outlined in the USEPA Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual (USEPA 2005) associated with the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (USEPA 2006) as well as in NSF†/ANSI 419, Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance—Filtration. Regulatory concerns may or may not be the primary drivers for the use of membranes by a municipality, but in all cases the regulations must be assessed for applicability. At present, US federal drinking water standards covering membrane treatment deal mainly with how much removal credit can be received from membrane treatment’s use as a microbial barrier. Other issues such as acceptable water contact materials and meeting the primary and secondary contaminant levels in the finished water may also apply. This standard should be considered as a list of minimum requirements for planning, procurement, selection, construction, and commissioning of MF- and UF-based treatment systems. However, its proper application requires this standard to be coupled with a thorough professional review of site-specific water treatment conditions. I.B. History.  The AWWA Standards Council authorized a new AWWA standard for MF and UF systems in September 2010 and assigned the task of development to the AWWA Standards Committee on Membranes. The first edition was approved Jan. 24, 2015, and this edition was approved on Jan. 24, 2019. A guide to the AWWA membrane systems standards is presented in Table 1.

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. † NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. vii Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

Table 1 Guide to AWWA membrane standards and typical membrane characteristics

Virus (MS2 Phage) Removal

Typical Molecular Weight Cutoff (daltons)

Salt (NaCl) Rejection (%)*

Applicable AWWA Standard

Nominal Pore Size (µm)

≥3-µm Particle or Surrogate Organism Removal

Microfiltration (MF)

B112

0.1 to 0.5

≥99.9% (≥3 log)

45%

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs)

B130

§

§

§

§

§

Membrane Type

* NF is similar to RO with the key differences being that NF has lower sodium chloride rejection than RO, and NF exhibits greater selectivity in the types of ions that are removed such that NF allows a comparatively higher percentage of monovalent ions to pass to the permeate than multivalent ions. † For NF and RO, rejection is generally based on test conditions for a single element, but there is some variation among membrane manufacturers and membrane models. In general, test conditions tend to vary as follows: (1) feed solutions: 500 to 700 mg/L sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, or mixed solute solutions for NF; 1,500 to 2,000 mg/L sodium chloride for brackish water RO membranes; 32,000 to 38,000 mg/L sodium chloride for seawater RO membranes; (2) 25°C (77°F) temperature or corrected to that temperature; (3) 6 to 8 pH; (4) 8 to 20 percent recovery per element. §  For a description of typical MBR characteristics, please refer to AWWA Standard B130 Membrane Bioreactor Systems.

II. Special Issues.  There is no consensus of opinion on the precise definitions of reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), and microfiltration (MF). The definitions and typical membrane characteristics of the membrane types shown in this standard are considered applicable to this standard and its use. III. Use of This Standard.  It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. viii Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives.  The following items should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard used—that is ANSI/AWWA B112, Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems, of latest revision. 2. Details of federal, state, and local requirements (Sec. 4.1.1). 3. Required equipment (Sec. 4.2.1). 4. Excluded systems and facilities (Sec. 4.2.2). 5. Required net production rate (Sec. 4.3.1.b). 6. Required documents for permitting (Sec. 4.3.1.u and 4.3.3.e). 7. Record drawings format (Sec. 4.3.4). 8. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60 or NSF/ANSI 61 or other standards, rules, or regulations in addition to the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act is required (Sec. 4.6.4, 4.6.4.1, 4.6.4.2). 9. Spare part requirements (Sec. 4.6.7.1). 10. Interface coordination requirements on project drawings (Sec. 4.6.8.1). 11. Electrical coordination requirements on project drawings (Sec. 4.6.8.4). 12. Instrumentation and control requirements on project drawings (Sec. 4.6.8.5). 13. Pneumatic requirements on project drawings (Sec. 4.6.8.6). 14. Flushing requirements (Sec. 5.1.2). 15. Installation requirements (Sec. 5.1.3). 16. Preservative flushing and disposal requirements (Sec. 5.1.4). 17. Requirements for approval of field testing (Sec. 5.4.1). 18. Demonstration testing requirements (Sec. 5.4.4). 19. Performance testing requirements (Sec. 5.4.5). 20. Basis for rejection (Sec. 5.5). 21. Affidavit of compliance (Sec. 6.3). III.B. Modification to Standard.  Any modification to the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. IV. 1. 2. 3.

Major Revisions. Section I.A. Background was revised. Section 3 Definitions was updated. System Description Table in Appendix B was updated.

V. Comments.  If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please contact AWWA Engineering & Technical Services at 303.794.7711; FAX at 303.795.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-309, or email at [email protected]. ix Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

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ANSI/AWWA B112-19 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B112-15)

®

AWWA Standard

Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems SECTION 1: Sec. 1.1

GENERAL

Scope This standard sets minimum requirements for microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane systems for water and reclaimed water filtration systems. This standard does not cover the membranes used in biological wastewater treatment, such as membrane bioreactors.

Sec. 1.2

Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide a minimum set of requirements for MF and UF systems used for water and reclaimed water filtration systems. This standard is intended to assist with the design, procurement, installation, and commissioning of MF and UF systems.

Sec.1.3 Application This standard can be referenced for design, procurement, installation, and commissioning of MF and UF systems used for water and reclaimed water filtration systems.

1 Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

2 AWWA B112-19

SECTION 2:

REFERENCES

This standard references the following documents. In their latest edition, these documents form a part of this standard to the extent listed within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), Water Environment Federation (WEF)—Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. NSF*/ANSI† 60—Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects. NSF/ANSI 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects. NSF/ANSI 419—Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance—Filtration. US Environmental Protection Agency—Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual. Office of Water, EPA 815-R-06-009, Washington, D.C.: November 2005.

SECTION 3:

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall apply in this standard: 1. Air scour:  Distributing air to a membrane surface to improve the effectiveness of filtration, backwashing, and/or cleaning. 2. Backwash (BW):  An operation in which relatively high-quality clean water (generally filtrate) is directed through a membrane in the opposite direction of normal filtration flow to remove solids from the membrane surface. Other terms, such as “back-pulse” or “reverse filtration” are sometimes used as alternatives to Backwash, which is the preferred term. 3. Bubble point:  Pressure differential at which gas bubbles first appear on the surface of a wetted membrane in a liquid (typically water) as gas (typically air) pressure is applied to the other side. 4. Challenge test:  A study conducted to determine the removal percentage and/or log removal value of a membrane material for a particular organism, particle size, or surrogate. 5. Chemical wash (CW):  This term is sometimes used as an alternative to Chemically enhanced backwash and Maintenance wash, which are the preferred terms. * NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. † American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 3

6. Chemically enhanced backwash (CEB):  A short-duration operating cycle, generally not exceeding 60 min of total non-filtrate-producing time, to clean the membrane material using chemical solution(s) that includes backwashtype steps. Other terms, such as “mini-clean” or “enhanced flux maintenance,” are sometimes used as alternatives to Chemically enhanced backwash and Maintenance wash, which are the preferred terms. 7. Clean-in-place (CIP):  An operating cycle, generally not exceeding 8 h of total non-filtrate-producing time, specifically designed to clean the membrane material using chemical solution(s) without removing the membrane elements from their normal service location. Other terms, such as “recovery clean,” are sometimes used as alternatives to Clean-in-place, which is the preferred term. 8. Concentrate:  The stream exiting a membrane device, which has increased concentration (compared to the feed stream) of materials retained by the membrane. 9. Direct integrity test (DIT):  A physical test applied to a membrane unit to quantify integrity breaches. 10. Element:  The smallest removable component of a membrane system that includes the membrane. 11. Encased:  A membrane contained in a pressure vessel (or housing) and for which positive hydraulic pressure is applied on the membrane feed side to transport water through the membrane. 12. Feed:  An abbreviation of the term feedwater. 13. Feedwater:  The liquid influent to an MF/UF membrane system. 14. Filtrate:  The water that has passed through an MF/UF membrane. Other terms, such as Permeate or Product, are sometimes used as alternatives to Filtrate, which is the preferred term. 15. Flux:  Filtrate flow rate divided by the available membrane area on the feed-side surface. The unit of measurement is gallons per day per square foot, which is abbreviated gpd/ft2 or gfd (or liter per hour per square meter, which is abbreviated L/h·m2 or Lmh). 16. Hollow fiber:  Self-supporting cylinder containing membrane material that has an outside diameter generally less than 5 mm with one or more hollow bores (lumens) on the inside, therefore including single-bore and multi-bore options. The membrane surface may be on the inside or the outside of the fiber, or in some cases it is the whole fiber and not a separate portion or layer of the fiber. 17. Hydrophilic:  Having an affinity for water.

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4 AWWA B112-19

18. Hydrophobic:  Lacking an affinity for water. 19. Indirect integrity monitoring:  Monitoring some aspect of filtrate water quality that is indicative of the removal of particulate matter. 20. Instantaneous flux:  The flux at any given point in time. 21. Log removal value (LRV):  A measure of the removal effectiveness of a membrane system expressed as the log 10 of the concentration in the feedwater minus the log 10 of the concentration in the filtrate. 22. Maintenance wash (MW):  Same as Chemically enhanced backwash (CEB). 23. Manufacturer:  The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products. 24. Maximum instantaneous flux (MIF):  The maximum flux at ambient temperature, not temperature corrected, during operations. 25. Membrane:  An engineered material designed to remove particulate matter from liquid primarily through a size-exclusion mechanism and which has a measurable removal effectiveness that can be verified with a direct integrity test. 26. Microfiltration (MF):  Membrane filtration process with pore diameter nominally 0.1 to 0.5 µm that provides at least 3-log removal of Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts, or similar-sized 3-µm and larger materials or surrogate materials based on challenge testing in accordance with the USEPA Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual or NSF/ANSI 419 or other method accepted by the applicable regulatory agency. 27. Module:  The smallest component of a membrane unit in which a specific membrane surface area is housed in a device with a feedwater inlet, filtrate, and concentrate or BW outlet structure. 28. Molecular weight cutoff (MWCO):  The rating of a membrane based on the size of uncharged molecules in the feed that do not pass to the filtrate. Also referred to as nominal molecular weight cutoff (NMWCO). Typically expressed in daltons. 29. Nanofiltration (NF):  Membrane filtration process that removes dissolved constituents from water. NF membrane elements provide a nominal organic molecular weight cutoff in the range of about 200 to >500 daltons and sodium chloride rejection of 0 to 95 percent. 30. Net flux:  The net usable filtrate flow rate over a defined time period, which is assumed to be 24 h unless otherwise stated, divided by active membrane area on the feed-side surface.

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 5

31. Net production rate:  The net production rate equals the total filtrate flow rate per day minus any in-plant water use that does not contribute to usable product, and considers downtime for operations that do not yield filtrate, such as backwashing and integrity testing, in gpd or m3/d. Selection of the calculation method for net production rate depends on the number of standby trains available to provide filtrate when an operating train goes into an operating cycle that does not yield filtrate. Calculation Method A: Duty train operating mode.  This method applies when only N duty trains are available to be in a filtrate-producing mode. With this operating mode, filtrate from redundant or other standby trains is not considered to provide filtration capacity. For duty train operating mode, the following equation is used to calculate net production rate in million gallons per day (MGD): · · · · -6 Net Qf = ((Flux A TNF (FM/1,440)) - LOSS) 10 Where: Net Qf = the net production rate of filtrate in MGD. Flux = flux value during the filtration cycle in gal/ft2/d or gfd. A = active membrane area in each membrane filtration train on the feed side in ft2. TNF = total number of trains running in filtration or a short-term (less than 1 h) non-filtration cycle, such as BW, MW, or DIT — not including trains off-line for longer term servicing, such as CIP or repair. FM = number of minutes per day that each train is producing filtrate at stated flux value. LOSS = sum of daily in-plant water use of filtrate that does not contribute to usable product, such as for BW or MW, in gpd.

Calculation Method B: Cycle rotation operating mode. The method applies when there is at least one standby train available in addition to the N number of duty trains. When one of the N trains changes from the filtration cycle to any other cycle (such as BW, MW, or DIT), a standby train changes from standby status to filtrateproducing status. For cycle rotation operating mode, the following equation is used to calculate net production rate in million gallons per day (MGD): · · · -6 Net Qf = ((N Flow 1,440) - LOSS) 10 Where: Net Qf = net production rate of filtrate in MGD.

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6 AWWA B112-19

N = number of duty trains. (Note: For the cycle rotation mode to be applicable, there must be at least one additional standby train available at all times.) Flow = filtered water flow rate per train during the filtration cycle in gpm. LOSS = sum of daily in-plant water use of filtrate that does not contribute to usable product, such as for BW, MW, or CIP, in gpd. 32. Permeate:  This term is sometimes used as an alternative to Filtrate, which is the preferred term for MF/UF. 33. Pressure driven:  The type of system requiring pressure to force the feedwater through the membrane. 34. Pretreatment:  Any treatment applied to the feedwater of a membrane process, generally to achieve desired water quality objectives and/or protect the membrane from damage or fouling. 35. Process and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs):  Engineering drawings showing process steps and associated instrumentation. 36. Product:  This term is sometimes used as an alternative to Filtrate, which is the preferred term for MF/UF. 37. Purchaser:  The person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed. 38. Raw water: The liquid influent to a water or reclaimed water treatment plant. 39. Reclaimed water:  Wastewater that becomes suitable for beneficial use as a result of treatment. 40. Recovery:  Ratio of net filtrate production to feed flow supplied to the membrane system over a defined time period, which is assumed to be 24 h unless stated otherwise, in percent. 41. Resolution:  Size of the smallest integrity breach that contributes to a response from a direct integrity test (DIT); also applicable to some indirect integrity monitoring methods, in microns (μm). 42. Reverse osmosis (RO):  Membrane filtration and desalination process that removes dissolved constituents from water. RO membrane elements have a nominal organic molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) in the range of 200 to 500 daltons and sodium chloride rejection greater than 95 percent. 43. Safety data sheet (SDS):  Document obtained or developed by chemical suppliers concerning each hazardous chemical they supply describing information for safe transport, handling, and use.

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 7

44. Sensitivity:  The maximum log removal value that can be reliably verified by a DIT. 45. Specific flux:  Flux divided by transmembrane pressure, in gal/ft2-d-psi (gfd/psi). Related terms are Permeability and Temperature-corrected specific flux. 46. Submerged:  Membranes or membrane modules that are immersed in a basin or tank and utilize negative pressure or vacuum as the driving force for production. See Vacuum driven. 47. Supplier:  The party that supplies material or services. A supplier may or may not be the manufacturer. 48. Temperature corrected:  Value, such as flux, corrected from ambient temperature to a reference temperature. For MF/UF, the reference temperature is 20°C (69°F). 49. Temperature-corrected specific flux:  Temperature-corrected flux divided by transmembrane pressure, in gal/ft2-d-psi. Also called Permeability. 50. Train:  A group of membrane vessels or stacks functioning as one unit with common inlet and outlet connections, complete with common monitoring and control equipment. Often a membrane treatment facility has multiple parallel trains. A train can be operated independently from other trains and can be isolated from the rest of the system. 51. Transmembrane pressure (TMP):  The difference in pressure from the feed to the filtrate across a membrane barrier, in psi. 52. Ultrafiltration (UF):  Membrane filtration process with pore diameter nominally in the range of 0.005 to 0.1 µm with a nominal organic MWCO in the range of 10,000 to 300,000 daltons that provides at least 1-log removal of virus, MS2 phage, as well as providing the log removal defined for MF, via challenge testing in accordance with USEPA Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual or NSF/ ANSI 419 or other method accepted by the applicable regulatory agency. 53. Vacuum driven:  A system in which the membrane is contained in a vessel or tank with negative pressure (vacuum) on the membrane filtrate side of the membrane barrier to transport water through the membrane. See Submerged. 54. Waste neutralization system:  Tanks, devices, pumps, associated equipment, and appurtenances that are periodically used to prepare and feed chemical solutions to the waste streams from membrane cleaning, backwashing, or other operations before the waste is discharged.

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8 AWWA B112-19

SECTION 4: Sec. 4.1

REQUIREMENTS

Materials 4.1.1 Materials.  If required by applicable regulatory agency and/or required in the purchase documents, materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act, other federal regulations for water and reclaimed water systems, and other regulatory agency rules, as applicable.

Sec. 4.2

System Requirements 4.2.1 Required equipment.  Membrane systems in accordance with this standard include the following systems and facilities unless otherwise required in the purchase documents: a. Membrane elements (and housings if applicable). b. Support devices such as a frame weldment for membranes, piping, and panels. c. Piping, tubing, valves, and fittings on the membrane unit. d. Strainers/prescreens that remove debris and materials from the feedwater. e. Membrane feed pumps and drivers for encased systems or filtrate pumps and air removal system for submerged systems. f. Backwashing system composed of BW pumps and air blowers and/or compressors for backwashing and air scour and storage tank(s). Heaters may be included to heat the water. g. Membrane unit flow, pressure, and water quality–monitoring instrumentation as required. h. Instrumentation, control system hardware (such as programmable logic controllers [PLCs] or computers), software, and programming for operation, control, and monitoring of the membrane. i. Integrity testing systems for both direct and indirect monitoring of membrane integrity, including data collection and archiving of calculated LRV. j. Membrane cleaning systems, including associated controls, pumps, tanks, and chemical addition equipment. k. Special tools or equipment required for locating and repairing membrane modules having integrity defects and for the disassembly and reassembly or analysis of membrane modules. l. Spare parts as required in the purchase documents.

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 9

4.2.2 Excluded systems and facilities.  Membrane systems in accordance with this standard do not include the following systems and facilities unless required in the purchase documents: a. Source water supply. b. Membrane pretreatment (not including strainers). c. Concentrate, spent backwash, spent membrane cleaning, waste neutralization, and other residuals handling and disposal facilities. d. Chemical bulk storage and feed systems. e. Interconnecting piping and electrical and control wiring and conduits external to the membrane system. f. Facility where membrane system is housed. g. Regulatory agency permits. h. Process air supply, if applicable.

Sec. 4.3

Data to Be Provided by System Supplier 4.3.1 Data provided by the supplier.  The supplier of the membrane system shall supply the following information in accordance with the purchase documents: a. Complete system description table (see Appendix B). b. Net production rate on a 24-h basis with one or more trains out of service or in standby, as required in the purchase documents. c. MIF and net flux with one or more trains out of service or in standby, as required in the purchase documents, at production capacity and over the design temperature range. d. Preliminary process flow diagram and flow balance for major streams including flows over 24-h as well as MIFs. e. Preliminary process and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). f. Preliminary layout drawing(s), including information about elevation change between unit inlet and filtrate discharge. g. Floor loads of all equipment as shipped and during operation. h. Preliminary electrical one-line diagram. i. List of major materials of construction. j. List of cleaning (e.g., CIP and MW) procedures. k. List of influent water quality requirements. l. Statements indicating membrane system materials are or are not compatible with other systems to be used in the process including pretreatment or other process chemicals.

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10 AWWA B112-19

m. Time required for (1) fabrication of the system and (2) delivery of major equipment after approval by purchaser. n. List of spare parts, special tools, and services including shop drawing preparation, design assistance, start-up, installation, operator training, and operation assistance that will be provided with the system. o. List of proposed chemicals for use as membrane preservative and method(s) of disposal. p. List of proposed chemicals and quantities for start-up, operations, cleaning, and maintenance activities. q. Services and equipment to be provided by others, including, if applicable, services such as membrane preservative disposal, on-site erection and installation of membrane equipment, and element/module loading. r. Predicted filtrate quality based on source water or feedwater quality and other operating parameters. s. Predicted feed, filtrate, and TMP at start-up and after the guaranteed period of operations as defined in the purchase documents and associated membrane system power use in kilowatt (kW) per net production rate in million gallons per day (MGD). t. Written description of the automatic membrane integrity test procedure, means to locate specific modules requiring repair, and repair methods and materials. u. Plans, procedures, completed microbial challenge testing, LRV calculation parameters, and other required testing for permitting membrane system shall be provided when required in the purchase documents. 4.3.2 Data required before manufacturing.  The supplier of the membrane system shall provide the following information before manufacturing the system: a. Revised versions of the documents and drawings listed in Sec. 4.3.1, including all piping with size, pressure rating, and materials of construction identified. b. Revised process flow diagram and flow balance table, including flows over a 24-h day as well as MIFs for major streams and net production rate on a daily (24-h) basis stating number of trains in service, in standby, and out of service. c. Completed P&IDs including information concerning all equipment, piping, instrumentation and control (I&C) equipment, and various types of valves as well as indicating all chemical injection points. Drawings and tables/schedules shall clearly identify the equipment to be supplied by the system supplier as well as

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 11

items that will not be supplied by the system supplier (i.e., items to be provided by others) but that will be required for a complete and operational membrane system. d. Description of the control system software and hardware (such as PLCs), and how the membrane system will be integrated into the overall water plant control system. e. Revised layout drawing(s) showing how the equipment footprint will fit into the building or other structure that will house the system and location of anchor bolts and equipment supports. f. Electrical one-line and termination drawings, indicating all internal and external electrical connections. g. Bill of material listing all of the equipment to be supplied by the membrane system supplier along with model number, equipment manufacturer, size, materials of construction, and related information. h. Product data sheets and tables describing major equipment items. These shall be clearly marked and annotated to show the applicable model numbers, ratings, and features. 1. Major equipment shall include: pumps and/or drivers, strainers, pressure vessels, membrane elements/modules, tanks, heaters, control valves, piping, valves, blowers/air compressors, equipment support/ anchorage details, and instruments, as applicable. 2. Details on pumps and drivers shall include: manufacturer, model number, impeller size, pump curves, efficiency, materials of construction, seal type and manufacturer, and motor data including manufacturer, model, type, rated size in horsepower or kilowatts, efficiency, and service factor. 3.  Details on the membranes shall include data sheets, membrane preservative (type and quantity), and suggested disposal method along with LRV parameters. 4. Details on control valves shall include manufacturer, model number, pressure class, materials of construction, and table or figure to show head loss coefficient (Cv) as a function of percent open. 5. Structural designs, such as anchor bolts and equipment/pipe supports, shall take into account local conditions (e.g., seismic). i. Piping schedule that lists service, pipe code, diameter, pressure class, and materials of construction.

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12 AWWA B112-19

j. Valve schedule that lists tag number, manufacturer, model number, size, type, pressure class, and materials of construction for all valves, including vacuum breakers and check valves. k. Instrumentation/device schedule that lists tag number, manufacturer, model number, measured parameter, and ranges for instruments and devices. l. Control philosophy (process control narratives). m. Integrity test (IT) description, both direct and indirect. Control system shall automatically perform IT at project’s required intervals and allow manual initiation of IT. n. Chemical dosing system(s) and purpose. o. Functional testing plans. p. Start-up and commissioning plans with operational and maintenance (O&M) forms and/or checklists, including plan for flushing and disposal of membrane module preservative. q. Updated plans, procedures, and required testing for permitting membrane system shall be provided upon request of the purchaser. r. Recommended installation procedures for all equipment. s. Membrane warranty requirements. t. List of recommended spare parts, special tools, and special services, including services regarding installation, start-up, commissioning, training, and testing, that will be provided with the system. 4.3.3 Data provided before start-up.  The supplier of the membrane system shall provide the following information before start-up of the system: a. Revised versions of the documents and drawings listed in the previous subsections. b. O&M manuals for the membrane system and appurtenances (see Sec. 4.6 Products/Components). c. Factory test reports and membrane unit manufacturer’s quality control reports for all equipment provided. d. Functional performance test report for control system hardware (such as programmable logic control/human-machine interface system) and software. e. Documentation required for permitting the membrane system as required in the purchase documents. 4.3.4 Record drawings.  After start-up of the system, the supplier of the membrane system shall provide a complete set of the documents (including drawings)

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 13

listed in the previous subsections, revised to indicate the system “as installed” and in a format as required in the purchase documents.

Sec. 4.4

Water Flow and Water Quality Data Requirements The membrane system shall meet the performance criteria based on the project’s water quantity and quality requirements. The following data shall be provided by the purchaser. 4.4.1 Flow rate.  Feed flow rate, in gpm or gpd (m3/h or m3/d), or an alternative approach whereby production rate and minimum recovery are provided. 4.4.2 Flux.  Both maximum instantaneous and net flux rates with only duty trains in service. 4.4.3 Recovery.  Minimum net recovery, in percentage. 4.4.4 Design water temperature.  Design temperature and temperature range, in °F (°C), as a function of flow rate. 4.4.5 Source.  The source(s) of feedwater shall be documented. 4.4.6 Pretreatment.  Description of treatment processes upstream of the membrane process, including recirculation of other streams (e.g., BW recovery) to points upstream from the membrane process. 4.4.7 Water quality.  Feedwater quality data provided for design shall be as shown in Table 2. The table identifies required items with “R”; optional items that should be included if they are an issue for a given project are indicated with an “O.” It is recommended that feedwater quality variation and temperature be documented and used in the system design. For each parameter for which data is presented, it is recommended that values be presented for minimum, maximum, and average or typical, if available. Alternatively, values may be presented for 10th percentile, 95th percentile, and 50th percentile (or mean or median).

Sec. 4.5

Performance Criteria 4.5.1 Performance criteria.  MF and UF systems shall be designed to meet the following performance criteria when treating membrane system feedwater. These criteria shall be clearly defined by the supplier and submitted and reviewed at the appropriate time as to be incorporated into the design of the overall plant. Criteria include: 4.5.1.1 Production rate.  Net production rate of filtrate per day at the required design temperature or range of temperatures as well as including all waste flows from system.

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14 AWWA B112-19

Table 2

Feedwater quality data to be provided

Parameter (mg/L unless noted otherwise)

“R” for Required or “O” for Optional

Temperature (°F or °C) Turbidity (ntu) pH (standard pH units) Total organic carbon (TOC) Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) Ultraviolet light UV-254 (m–1) Color, true and apparent (color units) Iron, total Iron, dissolved Manganese, total Manganese, dissolved Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) or carbonate and bicarbonate Total hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) Oil and grease Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Total suspended solids (TSS) Total dissolved solids (TDS) Microbiological parameters, such as algae, total coliform, fecal coliform, and heterotrophic plate count, in standard units Calcium Magnesium Ammonia

R R R R O O O R O R O O R O O O O O O O O O

4.5.1.2 Water quality.  Filtrate water quality shall meet the following requirements: a. Turbidity in accordance with USEPA Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual, state or local requirements, and as required. b. Required water quality parameters. Each of the values, measurement techniques, frequency, and test conditions shall be defined. 4.5.1.3 Recovery.  Minimum net recovery at each required design temperature or range of temperatures. 4.5.1.4 pH values.  Minimum, maximum, and design feed pH values. 4.5.1.5 Feedwater temperature.  Seasonal minimum, maximum, and average water temperatures.

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 15

4.5.1.6 Membrane flux.  Maximum membrane flux at each required temperature or over a temperature range for the overall system. 4.5.1.7 Pressure.  Pressure criteria requirements including: a. Maximum allowable TMP at required design temperature and time period. b. Maximum allowable feed stream hydraulic operating pressure at a design temperature and conditions at the planned system product pressure. c. Maximum allowable backwash inlet pressure at unit. d. Maximum allowable pressure in the filtrate stream plumbing. e. Maximum allowable inlet pressure at unit and at vessel, module, or stack. f. Maximum allowable backpressure on the concentrate side at unit and/or at vessel, module, or stack. g. Any other minimum or maximum pressure limitations. 4.5.1.8 Integrity testing.  Membrane integrity test frequency and operating conditions shall be performed at least to the level and frequency as required by regulation. The appropriate local, state or provincial, and USEPA requirements shall be followed as defined by the agency of authority for the site. For reference on testing, see the USEPA Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual and/or NSF/ANSI 419. 4.5.1.9 Waste streams.  Expected quantity and quality of waste BW and all other waste streams. 4.5.1.10 Key operating parameters.  Key O&M schedules and parameters shall be measured and documented as part of system performance testing. 4.5.1.11 Backwash.  Maximum backwash (BW) or other hydraulic flush requirements including frequency, duration, flow rates, pressures, and any other important conditions. 4.5.1.12 Chemically enhanced backwash (CEB).  Including frequency (and any applicable performance triggers); duration; chemical concentrations; temperature; chemical exposure limits, including for temperature, pH, or other limitations; and any other important conditions for CEB or similar activities. 4.5.1.13 Maintenance wash (MW).  Including frequency (and any applicable performance triggers); duration; chemical concentrations; temperature; chemical exposure limits, including for temperature, pH, or other limitations; and any other important conditions for MW or similar activities. 4.5.1.14 Clean-in-place (CIP).  Including frequency (and any applicable performance triggers); duration; chemical concentrations; temperature; chemical exposure limits, including for temperature, pH, or other limitations; and any other important conditions for CIP or similar activities.

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16 AWWA B112-19

4.5.1.15 Other conditions.  Any other conditions for BW, CEB, CIP, or other operating cycles, including frequency (and any applicable performance triggers); duration; chemical concentrations; temperature; chemical exposure limits, including for temperature, pH, or other limitations; and any other important conditions. 4.5.1.16 Membrane storage solutions. Short-term and long-term membrane preservative/storage solutions, protocols, any limitations, and instructions.

Sec. 4.6

Products/Components 4.6.1 Materials of construction.  The products and components of a membrane system shall be constructed of materials that are resistant to corrosion in the environment in which they are placed. Metals, fiberglass, ceramics, and plastics are acceptable materials of construction provided they can withstand the rigors of their internal and external environments. 4.6.2 Pressure ratings.  The materials of construction must be suitable for pressures in excess of the greatest possible pressure each component may be exposed to after installation including a reasonable safety factor. 4.6.3 Temperature variations.  Membrane systems may operate under temperature conditions other than ambient. Materials in such use shall be structurally appropriate for these temperature variations over the operating pressure range. 4.6.4 Toxicity levels.  Products and components must not leach toxic substances into water that is distributed to the public or released to the environment. Disposal methods for residuals and used components that meet applicable regulatory requirements shall be available. Evaluation shall be accomplished in accordance with requirements that are no less restrictive than those listed in NSF/ANSI 60 or NSF/ANSI 61, respectively, if required by applicable regulatory agency and/ or required in the purchase documents. Certification shall be accomplished by a certification organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute. 4.6.4.1 NSF/ANSI 60.  Chemicals used in membrane systems shall, if required by applicable regulatory agency and/or required in the purchase documents, be certified as suitable for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60. 4.6.4.2 NSF/ANSI 61.  Components used in membrane systems shall, if required by applicable regulatory agency and/or required in the purchase documents, be certified as suitable for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61.

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 17

4.6.5 Safety considerations.  Products and components must be safe to use. Protection for personnel, equipment, and the environment must be ensured through the proper installation and use of safety devices, such as pressure relief valves and/or rupture disks. 4.6.6 Components.  Products/components are composed of the following items: 4.6.6.1 Membranes. Polymeric, metallic, or ceramic materials. Configuration can be spiral, hollow fiber, tubular, flat sheet, or plate and frame. 4.6.6.2 Pressure vessels.  Pressure vessels are generally plastic or fiberglassreinforced plastic but can be metallic if appropriate for the level of corrosion. 4.6.6.3 Pumps.  Materials of construction shall be suitable for service environment. 4.6.6.4 Cleaning and backwashing systems. CIP (cleaning or backwashing) systems are applied to clean one train at a time with the element(s) left in their normal operating location. 4.6.6.5 Chemicals.  Cleaning agents may include acids, bases, detergents, disinfectants, biocides, and/or proprietary formulations as appropriate for the specific membrane and system. 4.6.6.6 Piping.  Materials of construction are generally plastics or metals suitable for service environment. Manifolds are provided to split the feedwater uniformly. Vacuum manifolds are provided for some MF and UF systems. 4.6.6.7 Valves.  Materials of construction shall be suitable for the service environment. All types of configurations are possible—isolation, control, regulators, flow check, relief, and other types. 4.6.6.8 Supports.  Racks are usually metallic or fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) and shall be designed for loads assuming pressure vessels and piping containing water plus additional local requirements, such as seismic compliance. Supports shall be painted for corrosion protection or made of stainless steel. 4.6.6.9 Instrumentation and control.  Recorders and controllers shall be provided for process control, data trending, and archiving. Data shall be sent to a device, such as a PLC, where data are received and analyzed. A supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system shall be provided and integrated into purchaser’s SCADA system. Key variables shall be monitored including flows, pressures and pressure changes, temperatures, and relevant water quality parameters. Alarms and shutdown switches shall be provided on key variables including safety measures and quality control.

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18 AWWA B112-19

4.6.6.10 Air compressors and/or blowers.  Sufficient capacity, redundancy, pressure relief, design, and air quality (considering level of particle filtering, dryness, and acceptable oil concentration) to protect membrane from damage shall be provided. 4.6.6.11 Sample taps.  Taps shall be provided to sample the major process streams, such as feed, filtrate, concentrate, recycle, and waste streams. 4.6.6.12 Manual and automatic systems.  Manual and automatic systems shall be provided that send data to a control room or local panel board. 4.6.6.13 General components, as applicable.  The following shall be provided: lifting lugs, anchor bolts, support structure for restricting movement, identification labels and numbering on equipment, color and tagging identification of electrical wiring and piping with directional markings, instrumentation test or calibration equipment, pressure vessel or stack probing equipment, flexible hoses, and restraints. 4.6.7. Miscellaneous items. 4.6.7.1 Spare parts.  Spare parts for units (including membrane elements and housings, pumps, valves, piping, and controls) shall be provided as per the purchase documents. Provisions for replacement or spare membrane modules shall be defined in the purchase documents. 4.6.7.2 Special tools and equipment.  Special tools and equipment provided for disassembly, reassembly, and repair of modules shall enable activities to be completed in compliance with federal, state or provincial, or local safety standards and any other applicable regulatory requirements. 4.6.7.3 Installation instructions.  Detailed installation instructions for all equipment shall be provided before equipment installation. 4.6.7.4 O&M manuals.  O&M manuals shall be provided before startup and an as-built version after installation and start-up. The manuals shall describe the system components, membrane feedwater characteristics including ranges of operation, system and component details, standard operating procedures, limitations including conditions to be avoided or conditions that could damage the equipment, and O&M procedures; shall include regulation and control descriptions and operating instructions for start-up and shutdown for routine, normal, and emergency operations; and shall include maintenance instructions and recommended frequencies. Data tables shall be included to show typical operating set-points and conditions. O&M manuals shall also include printouts of the programming logic,

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 19

printouts of the control and data screens, an electronic copy of the control logic in case of emergency, and a list of all information exchanged with the plant control system, including data table addresses. The manual shall include drawings showing process flow diagram(s) and flow balance, P&IDs, layout and arrangement drawings, and panel and termination point drawings; material details; cost records for control; appropriate shift log books and/or control data sheets/spreadsheets with instructions for all tests, forms, and checklists; safety manual(s); and emergency procedures. 4.6.8 Interface coordination with components supplied by others. 4.6.8.1 Interface coordination.  Interfaces for connecting piping and connecting equipment shall be shown on the project drawings when required in the purchase documents. 4.6.8.2 Piping.  Interfaces for connecting piping shall be shown on the submittal drawings. 4.6.8.3 Mounting.  Support structure, anchors, and mounting and leveling devices shall be provided. Coordinate with the contractor and subcontractors. 4.6.8.4 Electrical conduits, wiring, and termination points.  Conduits and wiring integral to the membrane system shall be terminated in a local panel provided by the membrane system supplier. This shall be shown on the project drawings when required in the purchase documents. 4.6.8.5 I&C conduits and wiring and termination points.  Input/ output (I/O) control panel(s) shall be provided by the membrane system supplier. Conduits, cables, and wiring from instruments, valves, and other control devices on the membrane system shall be terminated in the panel provided by the membrane system supplier. This shall be shown on the project drawings when required in the purchase documents. 4.6.8.6 Pneumatic termination point.  Pneumatic piping to valves and other devices on the membrane system shall be provided by the membrane system supplier, shall terminate to a single point for each type of air supply, and shall be shown on the project drawings when required in the purchase documents.

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20 AWWA B112-19

SECTION 5: Sec. 5.1 .

VERIFICATION

Installation 5.1.1 Membrane system supplier representative.  The membrane system supplier shall have a representative on-site during the following activities: a. Beginning of the installation of the membrane equipment. b. Final connections, system flushing, and preservative flushing and disposal. c. Installation of any special coatings or linings required for feed tanks. d. Training. e. Initial operations. 5.1.2 System flushing.  Membranes shall only be installed/connected after a thorough flushing of piping (and feed tanks, if applicable) to remove construction and other debris. Flushing shall be the responsibility of a contractor appointed by the purchaser, and the system supplier shall observe the flushing and provide a report that states that the flushing was done in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation and will not void the membrane warranty, unless these responsibilities are assigned otherwise in the purchase documents. Flushing water shall be provided by the purchaser and be of a quality acceptable to the membrane system supplier. Flushing water shall not be allowed in piping for periods beyond membrane system supplier guidelines. 5.1.3 Membrane installation.  The installation of the membranes shall be the responsibility of the membrane system supplier unless otherwise required in the purchase documents. 5.1.4 Preservative flushing and disposal.  The membrane system supplier shall provide written instructions regarding the flushing of the preservative from the membranes and intended disposal practices. Disposal of the membrane preservative shall be the responsibility of the membrane system supplier unless otherwise required in the purchase documents. The supplier shall work with the purchaser and/or contractor to obtain all necessary permits for disposal.

Sec. 5.2

Start-up and Commissioning 5.2.1 Start-up and commissioning responsibility.  Start-up and commissioning of the membrane system shall be the responsibility of the membrane system supplier. Purchaser and the membrane system supplier shall determine, in advance, which party will be responsible for operation of the system during the various steps necessary to commission and test the equipment before acceptance.

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 21

5.2.2 Electrical and mechanical checks.  Start-up shall include electrical and mechanical checks of equipment, leak checking, and flushing before placing units in service, confirming the functional aspects of the system, and flow and performance verification. Water flow-rate testing shall only occur after the required quality of feedwater has been met.

Sec. 5.3

Training 5.3.1 Staff training.  The system supplier shall provide training to purchaser’s maintenance and operating staff. This shall consist of both classroom and hands-on training. Supplier shall provide the required number of training material packages, which may include manuals (printed and/or digital format) and programs. 5.3.2 Operational training.  The purchaser may require having additional training provided by the system supplier after the start-up and commissioning of the MF or UF system. The training could occur at requested intervals (e.g., 3, 6, and 12 months) after start-up. The time interval would afford the purchaser’s staff the opportunity to become familiar with the operations and maintenance of the equipment before the next training interval.

Sec. 5.4

Field Testing 5.4.1 Field testing.  Field testing shall include demonstration testing and performance testing of mechanical components, electrical equipment, and instrumentation/control systems. A test plan shall be provided by the supplier as defined in the purchase documents. 5.4.2 Equipment testing.  Mechanical and electrical testing shall include equipment, instrument verification and calibration (if necessary), leak testing, power and signal connection verification, and control system (such as PLC) program verification, confirming functional aspects of the membrane system before membrane loading. System supplier shall deliver to the purchaser all applicable installation check letters and instrument installation certificates. 5.4.3 Start-up.  Start-up activities shall include membrane installation and preservative flushing and disposal, system disinfection in accordance with AWWA standards (including bacteriological analysis), and initial membrane integrity testing on each unit. 5.4.4 Demonstration testing.  Demonstration testing, sometimes called functional testing, shall be conducted for a period as defined in the purchase documents. This testing shall be designed and conducted to show that the system can

Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

22 AWWA B112-19

operate through its various operating cycles. The testing shall demonstrate operation of single and multiple trains, planned starts and stops, alarm functions, emergency stops, and flow-rate changes. During the testing, the equipment shall be operated and data recorded and logged by the party or entity assigned that responsibility in the purchase documents. If a failure occurs, the system supplier shall have no more than the period defined in the purchase documents to make adjustments. 5.4.5 Performance testing.  Performance testing shall commence at the end of the demonstration testing. Performance test requirements and criteria shall be defined by the purchaser in the purchase documents. The system shall meet the performance test requirements for a continuous period or a portion of a period as required in the purchase documents. Scheduling of the performance test is at the purchaser’s discretion but shall occur after the completion of the demonstration test. The performance test shall verify that the defined performance of the system can be met over an extended period of time. 5.4.6 Performance test report.  Upon completion of the test, a report shall be prepared in accordance with the purchase documents. Purchaser shall determine whether the system performance meets the requirements of the purchase documents.

Sec. 5.5

Basis for Rejection Any membrane system not complying with the requirements of this standard and the purchaser’s documents may be rejected. Repairs, replacements, and retesting shall be accomplished in accordance with the purchase documents.

SECTION 6:

Sec. 6.1

DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Packaging Equipment, spare parts, special tools, and other items provided shall be properly marked in original, unbroken packaging or other containers. Packaging and containers shall be designed and constructed for protection during shipping, handling, and storage.

Sec. 6.2

Shipping, Handling, and Storage 6.2.1 Deliveries.  Deliveries shall be properly sequenced to have needed items on-site and on time so that construction and installation schedule is not negatively affected. Deliveries shall be coordinated with the contractor, subcontractors, and the purchaser.

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MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 23

6.2.2 Manufacturer recommendations.  Items shall be handled and stored as recommended by the manufacturer. 6.2.3 Storage.  Supplier shall provide instructions for storage and handling of products and equipment before delivery. Membranes shall be kept clean, in the recommended storage solution, at the required environmental temperature range and shall not be removed from shipping package materials until time of installation. 6.2.4 Safety data sheet (SDS).  Supplier shall provide an SDS or other form of disclosure regarding the membrane preservative solution, if any, and shall provide quantity of preservative used, method to remove the preservative, and recommended disposal practices.

Sec. 6.3

Affidavit of Compliance The purchaser may require an affidavit from the supplier that the material provided complies with applicable requirements of this standard and that to the best of supplier’s knowledge the equipment provided has been installed and functions as supplier intended.

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APPENDIX A Bibliography ASTM D 6161-05. Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes. AWWA. Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membranes for Drinking Water, Manual of Water Supply Practices M53. AWWA. 2005. AWWA. The Water Dictionary, 2nd Ed. AWWA. 2010. AWWA. Water Quality and Treatment, 6th Ed. AWWA. 2011. AWWA and ASCE. Water Treatment Plant Design, 5th Ed. AWWA. 2012. ISO* 9000 Certification—Quality Management (for manufacturing of membranes). NSF/ANSI 60—Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects. NSF/ANSI 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects. NSF/ANSI 419—Public Drinking Water Equipment Performance—Filtration. USEPA. Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual, Office of Water, EPA 815-R-06009, Washington, D.C. November 2005.

* International Organization for Standardization. 25 Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

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APPENDIX B System Description Table Table B.1 MF/UF systems Units of Measurement English Units

SI

(See Note 1)

Units

Manufacturer of system

—

—

Module Description

—

—

Description

Data —

Manufacturer of membrane Manufacturer of membrane element Element model number

—

—

Element dimensions: – Diameter – Length

in. in.

mm mm

Active membrane area, feed-side surface –  Per element –  Total system

ft2 ft2

m2 m2

Membrane material (Examples: PES, PS, PVDF, etc.)

—

—

Configuration; select one or add description: ceramic, flat plate, hollow fiber, spiral, tubular, or other (add description)

—

—

Flow pattern (inside-out or outside-in)

—

—

Geometry (horizontal or vertical)

—

—

Pressure type (encased or submerged)

—

—

Hydrophobic or hydrophilic

—

—

Membrane charge (neutral, negative, or positive)

—

—

Contact angle: –  Membrane material –  Other potential locations of breaches (e.g., seals) – Contact angle measurement method if value greater than 0°

degree degree Describe

degree degree Describe

Pore size and/or Molecular weight cutoff, nominal

micron dalton

micron dalton

in. in. ft

mm mm m

Fiber or tube dimensions (if applicable): – inside diameter – outside diameter – active length Number of fibers or tube per module (if applicable)

—

—

Feed channel space or spacer (if applicable): thickness

mil

mm

psi °F Standard units NTU mg/L hr

bar °C Standard units NTU mg/L hr

Describe Describe

Describe Describe

Module operating limitations: – Pressure range – Temperature range – pH range – Maximum feed turbidity – Chlorine tolerance (and related concentration, temperature, pH conditions) – Other oxidant tolerance (and related conditions) – Other limitations (and related conditions)

27 Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

continued

Table B.1 MF/UF systems (continued) Units of Measurement English Units

SI

(See Note 1)

Units

psi °F Std. units NTU mg/L hr Describe Describe

bar °C Std. units NTU mg/L hr Describe Describe

micron

micron

Pipe type required between strainer/prescreen and membrane (materials and pressure rating)

—

—

Design Description

—

—

Number of trains: – On-line – Standby – Redundant/out of service

— — —

— — —

Daily net production

gpd

m3/d

Daily feedwater flow

gpd

m3/d

Daily backwash waste flow

gpd

m3/d

Daily other waste flows

gpd

m3/d

Maximum flow for each category

gpm

m3/h

Flux at ambient temperature: – Maximum instantaneous flux – Average flux

gfd gfd

Lmh Lmh

Description Module cleaning limitations: – Pressure range – Temperature range – pH range – Maximum feed turbidity – Chlorine tolerance (and related conditions) – Other oxidant tolerance (and related conditions) – Other limitations (and related conditions) Strainers/Prescreens: – Required minimum opening size – Strainer type: Weavewire or wedgewire? – Provided by: membrane system supplier or by others?

Data

– If provided by membrane system supplier, please provide additional description: – Number of units, duty (redundant) – Manufacturer – Model number – Materials – Total filtration area per unit – Percent open area – Type of automatic controls – Flow capacity – System configuration – Head loss through each strainer at the design flowrate in clean condition (shall not exceed 2 psi) – Head loss through each strainer at the design flowrate in dirty condition at which a backwash is automatically initiated – Backwashing requirements (including daily volume of feed water and filtrate consumed, daily volume of waste from strainers, maximum flow in gpm, maximum BW pressure in psi)

28 Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

—

continued

Table B.1 MF/UF systems (continued) Units of Measurement English Units

SI

(See Note 1)

Units

Flux, temperature corrected to 20°C (68°F): – Maximum instantaneous flux

gfd

Lmh

Recovery

%

%

Description

Description of Each Train

—

—

Number of elements

—

—

Describe

Describe

—

—

Filtrate flow during filtration cycle

gpm

m3/h

Backwash (BW) – Frequency* – Overall duration† – Filtrate consumed per BW – Waste generated per BW

min min gal gal

min min L L

— mg/L h min gal gal

— mg/L h min L L

— mg/L h min gal gal

— mg/L h min L L

— mg/L h min gal gal

— mg/L h min L L

Arrangements (e.g., Encased: _ rows of _ modules or Submerged: _ modules high × _ modules wide × _ modules long) Filtration type (dead-end or cross-flow)

Data

—

– Description: Condition and duration of each major step during BW (e.g., BW with ___ water flow for ___ sec, rest for ___ sec, air scour at ___ for ___ sec., etc.) Chemically enhanced backwash, CEB-1, or maintenance wash, MW-1, if applicable – Chemical(s) – Concentration(s) – Frequency – Overall duration† – Filtrate consumed – Waste generated – Description including soak times and concentrations Chemically enhanced backwash, CEB-2, or maintenance wash, MW-2, if applicable – Chemical(s) – Concentration(s) – Frequency – Overall duration† – Filtrate consumed – Waste generated – Description including soak times and concentrations Chemically enhanced backwash, CEB-3, or maintenance wash, MW-3, if applicable – Chemical(s) – Concentration(s) – Frequency – Overall duration† – Filtrate consumed – Waste generated – Description including soak times and concentrations

29 Copyright © 2019 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved

continued

Table B.1 MF/UF systems (continued) Units of Measurement English Units

SI

(See Note 1)

Units

psi h (or describe) min min LRV psi/min or gpm Unitless

bar h (or describe) min min LRV bar/min or l/h Unitless

— mg/L day min gal gal psi

— mg/L day min L L bar

psi psi psi psi psi

bar bar bar bar bar

If cross-flow, describe conditions, including flow rate

Describe

Describe

Volumetric concentration ratio for cross-flow or submerged (If not applicable, state “NA”)

Unitless

Unitless

Air requirements

Description Direct Integrity Test (DIT), air based – Minimum Test Pressure – Frequency – Overall duration† – Resolution – Sensitivity – Baseline decay (psi/min) or diffusive flow (gpm) at LRV – Air-to-liquid conversion ratio (ALCR) Clean-in-place (CIP) – Chemical(s) – Concentration(s) – Frequency – Overall duration† – Filtrate consumed per CIP – Waste generated per CIP – Transmembrane pressure (TMP) trigger, if applicable Pressure – TMP, clean – TMP, typical – TMP, just before CIP – Filtrate – Maximum allowable feed pressure at module

Describe

Describe

Unit dimensions: – Width – Length – Height – Wet weight or mass (when full of water)

in. in. in. lb

mm mm mm kg

Tank dimensions (if applicable, e.g., for submerged system): – Width – Length – Height

in. in. in.

mm mm mm

Data

Notes: Note 1. In some cases, the units of measurement listed under “English Units” are SI or metric units if that is the commonly used unit for that type of measurement. PES = Polyethersulfone; PS = Polysulfone; PVDF = Polyvinylidene fluoride * BW frequency is the time between BW operations during which the membrane unit is in filtration mode. Other frequencies are elapsed time (i.e., clock time). † Overall duration of BW and other operations is the total time the unit is not producing filtrate, including any time for filling, draining, valve opening/closing, and/or any other steps.

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