Aspects of Inca Architecture, Parts i and ii: Description, function and chronology 9781407391175, 9781407391182, 9780860543176, 9781407340074

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Aspects of Inca Architecture Description, function and chronology

Ann Kendall Part i

BAR International Series 242

1985

B.A.R.

5, Centremead, Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0ES, England.

GENERAL EDITORS A.R Hands, B.Sc., M.A., D.Phil. D.R Walker, M.A.

B.A.R. -S242,1985 :'Aspects of Inca Architecture'. Part I ©

Ann Kendall, 1985

The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9781407391175 (Volume I) paperback ISBN 9781407391182 (Volume II) paperback ISBN 9780860543176 (Volume set) paperback ISBN 9781407340074 (Volume set) e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780860543176 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

C ONTENTS

L IST O F I LLUSTRATIONS

1 -111

A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS

i v-v

A BSTRACT P REFACE

v i

S PANISH T RANSLATION O F A BSTRACT , I NTRODUCTION A ND C ONCLUSION

v ii-xv

V OLUME 1 :

( DESCRIPTION A ND F UNCTION)

I NTRODUCTION

1

P ART I .

D ESCRIPTION A ND I NVENTORY O F I NCA A RCHITECTURE

5

I ntroduction

5

A .

S TRUCTURAL F ORMS A ND E LEMENTS

B .

B UILDING M ATERIALS

8

C .

D ESCRIPTION A ND P LANS O F S OME I NCA S ITES

5 3

D .

C ATEGORIES O F B UILDINGS, c ompiled w ith E thnohistoric s ources:

5 4 5 6

4 5

A s urvey o f t he E thnohistorical s ources P ART I I. A N A NALYSIS O F T HE F UNCTION O F I NCA B UILDINGS

1 05

A . B .

AM ETHOD F OR A NLAYSING A RCHITECTURAL R EMAINS AL IST O F A CTIVITY R EQUIREMENTS:

C .

A PPLICATION O F T HE M ETHOD A t est c ase: C usichaca, Q uente

1 86 1 86

D .

E XCAVATION A ND A RCHAEOLOGICAL I NVESTIGATION O F

2 25

A g uide t o i nterpretation

1 05 1 12 1 15

T HE I NCA R EMAINS A T C USICHACA

V OLUME 2 :

( CHRONOLOGY)

P ART I II.

C HRONOLOGY A ND D ATING

2 48

I ntroduction A .

B .

2 48

I MPERIAL I NCA

2 55

D istribution o f A rchitectural f orms a nd f eatures

2 55

T he h istorical c ontext

2 67

A c hronology

2 71

P RE-INCA T O I MPERIAL I NCA

2 80

I ntroduction

2 80

T he C uzco V alley a nd t he L ucre B asin

2 81

P iquillacta ( Pikillaqta)

2 81

C hoquepuquio ( Choqepujyo)

2 82

C anaraccay ( Kanaraqay) 0 11eriayoc ( 011iriyayoo)

2 85

T he V ilcanota/Urubamba d rainage T he Q uente a rea : P atallacta ( Pata1laqta) H uillca R accay ( Wilkaraqay) 0 11eriayoc L eoniyoc ( 011iriyayoq L eoniyoq) Q uishuarpata ( Kiswarpata)

2 88 2 90 2 91 2 92 2 93 3 08 3 09

0 11eriayoc T rancapata ( 011iriyayoc T rankapata) T he C hilca A rea C hoquepata P iscaycucho ( Cho epata P isquaycucho)

3 11

P iquillacta T orechayoc ( Pikillaqta T orechayoq) A lfafayoc C ontaymocco ( Alfalfayoq, K ontaymo e) M iradorpata ( Miradorpata)

3 15 3 17 3 18

S ome s elected s ites b etween 0 11antaytambo a nd P isac : P incuylluna , 0 11antaytambo ( Pincuylluna , 0 11antaytambo) F urther s ites b ordering t he V rubamba d rainage : H uata ( Wata) A ncasmarca ( Anqasmarka) P ucara P antillicla ( Pukara P antillijlla) A ssessment A rchitecture C eramics S imilarities

3 13 3 13

3 19 3 19 3 21 3 21 3 25 3 34 3 36 3 42 3 43 3 43

E thnohistoric R eferences

3 43

C .

R ADIOCARBON D ATING

3 45

D .

C ONCLUSION

3 49

A PPENDIX 1 .

D ESCRIPTION O F S OME I NCA S ITES P aucarcancha ( Paukarkancha) T orontoy ( Torontoy) ' Temple o f t he M oon', H uayna P icchu ( Waynapijchu) C hoquequilla ( Choqeqilla) K 'allacasa , P isac ( K'allagasa , P 'isaq) Q uanchisraccay, P isac ( Qanchisraqay, P 'isaq) R umihuasi ( Rumiwasi) M aucallacta a nd P uma O rocco ( Maukallaqta)

A PPENDIX 2 .

3 55 3 55 3 57 3 60 3 64 3 71 3 75 3 77

S ite a nd E xcavation c odes r elevant t o t his p ublication .

3 84

B IBLIOGRAPHY

3 85

I LLUSTRATIONS

3 92

L IST O F I LLUSTRATIONS P age n os . D iagrams 1 .

D iagram e xpressing t he l ogical p rocess b ehind a

1 08

m ethod f or a nalysis o f f unction . 2 .

D iagram o f am ethod f or a nalysis o f f unction o f I nca a rchitectural r emains .

1 09

3 .

D iagram s howing f acilities o f ap rovincial c apital : f or c omparison w ith C usichaca a nd r elated s ites . D istribution C hart.

2 47

T he I nca E mpire w ith m ajor s ites a nd r oads

3 92

I nca a nd p re-Inca s ites i n t he r egion o f C uzco M ap o f t he A rchaeological z one o f Q uente a nd

3 93 3 94

4 . M aps 1 . 2 . 3 .

2 53

C usichaca P lans 1 . 2 .

F igs.

P aucarcancha

3 96

T orontoy

3 97

3 .

' Temple o f t he M oon', H uayna P icchu

3 98

4 . 5 .

C hoquequilla K 'allacasa , P isac

3 99 4 00

6 . 7 .

Q uanchisraccay, P isac R umihuasi

4 01 4 02

8 .

M aucallacta

4 03

9 . 1 0 . 1 1.

C anamarca P lan a nd m ap o f C usichaca H uillca R accay ( Chuncuchua)

4 04 4 05 4 07

1 2. 1 3. 1 4. 1 5 .

Q uishuarpata T unasmocco H uayna Q uente 0 11eriayoc , P iquillacta

4 08 4 08 4 09 4 10

1 6. 1 7.

P re-Inca r emains a t H uillca R accay ( Q22) 0 11eriayoc , T rancapata

4 10 4 11

1 8 . 1 9. 2 0 . 2 1. 2 2.

C hoquepata , C hilca P iquillacta , C hilca P incuylluna , 0 11antaytambo A lfafayoc , C hilca H uata

4 12 4 12 4 13 4 13 4 14

2 3. 2 4.

A ncasmarca P ucara P antillicla

4 15 4 16

1 .

a . L ocations o f e xcavations a t P atallacta ; b . E xcavation Q 11A-C.

4 17

2 .

P ottery f rom Q 11A-C;

3 .

P ottery f rom Q 11A-C

i . s late s tone

4 18

4 18

4 . 5 . 6 .

E xcavation Q 12B a nd B P ottery f rom Q 12 a nd B P ottery f rom Q 12B a nd D

4 19 4 20 4 20

7 . 8 .

P ottery f rom Q 14A a nd B P ottery f rom Q 14A a nd B

4 21 4 21

9 . 1 0 . 1 1. 1 2.

a ) E xcavations Q 13A a nd B ; a nd Q 14A-D P ottery f rom Q 13A-D P ottery f rom Q 13A-D E xcavation Q 212, H uillca R accay , G roup 2

4 22 4 23 4 23 4 24

1 3.

P ottery , e xcavation Q 212

4 25

1 4.

P ottery, e xcavation Q 212

4 25

1 5. 1 6. 1 7.

P ottery, e xcavation Q 212

4 26

P ottery, e xcavation Q 212 P ottery , e xcavation Q 212

4 26 4 27

1 8. 1 9. 2 0 . 2 1. 2 2. 2 3. 2 4.

P ottery, e xcavation Q 212 P ottery, e xcavation Q 212 S urface p ottery, P atallacta , Q 1B

4 27 4 28 4 28 4 29 4 29 4 30

2 5. 2 6.

S urface p ottery, P atallacta , Q l S urface p ottery, P atallacta Q l roup 3 E xcavation Q 211, H uillca R accay, G P ottery , e xcavation Q 211a P ottery , e xcavation Q 211b P ottery , e xcavation Q 211c

2 7. 2 8. 2 9. 3 0 .

P ottery, e xcavation Q 211c

4 31

P ottery, e xcavation Q 211d P ottery , e xcavation Wile P ottery , e xcavation Q 211g-h

4 31 4 31

3 1. 3 2.

S urface p ottery , H uillca R accay, Q 21 S urface p ottery , H uillca R accay , Q 21

4 32 4 32

3 3.

E xcavation Q 221, H uillca R accay ( Q22) P ottery , e xcavation Q 221a P ottery , e xcavation Q 221b

4 33 4 34 4 34

P ottery, e xcavation Q 221b P ottery , e xcavation Q 221c P ottery, e xcavation Q 221d

4 34 4 34

E xcavation Q 222, H uillca R accay ( Q22) P ottery, e xcavation Q 222a P ottery, e xcavation Q 222b

4 35 4 36 4 36

xcavation Q 222c P ottery, e xcavation Q 222c P ottery , e xcavation Q 222d P ottery, e

4 36 4 36 4 37

P ottery , e xcavation Q 222d xcavation Q 222d P ottery , e P ottery , e xcavation Q 222e S urface p ottery f rom Q 22 T ableland ottery f rom Q 22 T ableland S urface p S urface p 11eriayoc L eoniyoc ottery, 0

4 37 4 37

0 11eriayoc L eoniyoc 0 11eriayoc L eoniyoc 0 11eriayoc L eoniyoc

4 38 4 39 4 39

Q uishuarpata 0 11eriayoc T rancapata 0 11eriayoc T rancapata

4 39 4 40 4 40

0 11eriayoc T rancapata

4 40

0 11eriayoc T rancapata C hoquepata P isaycucho C hoquepata P isaycucho C hoquepata P isaycucho P iquillacta T orechayoc

4 40 4 41 4 41 4 41 4 42 4 42

3 4. 3 5. 3 6 . 3 7. 3 8 . 3 9 . 4 0 . 4 1. 4 2. 4 3. 4 4. 4 5. 4 6. 4 7. 4 8 . 4 9. 5 0 . 5 1. 5 2. 5 3. 5 4. 5 5. 5 6. 5 7. 5 8 . 5 9. 6 0 . 6 1. 6 2 . 6 3. 6 4 . 6 5 . 6 6 . 6 7 . 6 8 . 6 9. 7 0 .

S urface p ottery , ottery, S urface p ottery , S urface p ottery , S urface p ottery , S urface p ottery, S urface p S urface S urface S urface S urface S urface S urface

p ottery , p ottery, p ottery, p ottery, p ottery , p ottery,

orechayoc ottery, P iquillacta T S urface p iquillacta T orechayoc ottery, P S urface p orechayoc iquillacta T S urface p ottery , P

4 30 4 30 4 31

4 32

4 35

4 37 4 38 4 38 4 38

4 42 4 42

N ot u sed uata S urface p ottery, H uata S urface p ottery , H

4 43 4 43

S urface p ottery, H uata

4 43

uata S urface P ottery , H

4 43

7 1.

E xcavation A l a nd A 2, A ncasmarca

4 44

7 2. 7 3 .

P ottery, e xcavation A l a nd A 2 P ottery, e xcavation A l a nd A 2a

4 44 4 45

7 4. 7 5. 7 6.

P ottery , e xcavation A l a nd A 2a P ottery , e xcavation A l a nd A 2a P ottery , e xcavation A l a nd A 2a-b

4 45 4 45 4 45

7 7.

P ottery , e xcavation A l a nd A 2b

4 46

7 8 . 7 9.

P ottery, e xcavation A l a nd A 2b P ottery , e xcavation A l a nd A 2c

4 46 4 46

8 0 .

S urface p ottery, A ncasmarca

4 47

8 1. 8 2.

S urface p ottery, A ncasmarca S urface p ottery, Ancasmarca

4 47 4 47

8 3. 8 4.

S urface p ottery, A ncasmarca S urface p ottery , A ncasmarca

4 48 4 48

1 .

V iew o f P aucarcancha , a t t he j unction o f t he Q uesca a nd C usichaca v alleys

4 49

2 . 3 . 4 .

T orontoy, S ection 1 ' Temple o f t he M oon', U pper C avern , H uayna P icchu T he c avern o f C hoquequilla

4 49 4 50 4 50

5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 .

K 'allacasa , P isac Q uanchisraccay , P isac V iew o f M aucallacta V iew o f C anamarca V iew o f C usischaca i n t he b ackground , w ith H uillca R accay i n t he f oreground

4 51 4 51 4 52 4 52 4 53

1 0 . 1 1.

P atallacta , L arge P laza 3 E xcavation Q 11A-C, P atallacta , L arge P laza 3

4 54 4 54

1 2. 1 3.

C ooking p ot i n s itu , Q 11A , P atallacta , L arge P laza 3 L ithics f rom P atallacta a nd T arapata

4 55 4 55

1 4. 1 5. 1 6. 1 7. 1 8. 1 9.

E xcavation Q 212, H uillca R accay , G roup 3 P iquillacta , L ucre B asin P iquillacta, L ucre B asin C hoquepuquio , L ucre B asin C hoquepuquio , s howing w all d etails 0 11eriayoc, L ucre B asin

4 56 4 57 4 57 4 58 4 58 4 59

2 0 . 2 1. 2 2.

0 11eriayoc, n ear P iquillacta V iew a long t he U rubamba V alley , l ooking e ast E xcavation Q 211, H uillca R accay , G roup 3

4 59 4 60 4 60

2 3. 2 4. 2 5.

4 61 4 62 4 62

2 6.

E xcavation Q 221, H uillca R accay , o val s tructure E xcavation Q 222, H uillca R accay, t ableland 0 11eriayoc L eoniyoc , c ircular s tructure w ith o valoid d oorway Q uishuarpata , r ock a nd c ircular s tructure

2 7. 2 8. 2 9.

P iquillacta T orechayoc , c ircular s tructures P iquillacta T orechayoc , r ectangulr s tructures P incuylluna , 0 11antaytambo

4 63 4 63 4 64

P lates .

4 62

3 0 .

P incuylluna , 0 11antaytambo , c ompartmented s tructures

4 64

3 1. 3 2.

H uata , o valoid n iches a nd a lcoves H uata , I nca s tructure a nd f ortress p eak

4 65 4 65

3 3.

V iew o f A ncasmarca

4 66

3 4. 3 5 ..

A ncasmarca ; o val d oorway v iewed f rom t he i nside A ncasmarca , c ircular s tructure w ith a n o val d oorway , i nclined w alls a nd s upporting f oundation

4 67 4 68

3 6. 3 7.

A ncasmarca , e xcavation A l-A2 P ucara P antillicla

4 68 4 69

A C 'KNOWLEDGEMENTS T his s tudy w as m ade p ossible b y t he g enerous s upport o f t he W inston C hurchill M emorial T rust F ellowship , w hich a llowed m e t o v isit P eru f or t he f irst

t ime i n t ime i n 1 968 ,

a nd a gain i n 1 969 .

F urther g rants ,

f rom t he

F ord F oundation i n 1 970 , a nd f rom t he D epartment o f E ducation a nd S cience o f G reat B ritain i n 1 973 , w ere g ratefully r eceived , e nabling t he f ieldwork , e ssentia l t o t he c ontinuance o f t his w ork , t o b e c ompleted . I w ould

l ike

t o e xpress

m y g ratitude

t o t he v arious a uthorities a nd

i nstitutions i n b oth P eru a nd B olivia f or a llowing w ork t o p roceed , a nd f or t he c ollaboration o f t he I nstituto N acional d e C ultura , L ima ( Jefe d e I nvestigaciones D r .

H ugo L udef ia) ,

a nd

t he e x-Patronato d e A rqueologia d el

C usco ( Director D r . M . C havez B allen) , n ow t he R egional I .N .C . o f C uzco ( Director D r . A ugusto C ruzat) , ' w ho l ent m e m aps a nd g ave m e a ssistance . I n t his

r espect

J ose

G onzales

C orrales ,

J efe

d e

I nvestigaciones,

w as

p articularly h elpful , a nd h e h as c ollaborated w ith h is a ssistance o n f ield p rojects . I talo O berti a nd F idel R amos h ave a lso k indly a ssisted m e . C arlos S aavedra A greda o f t he M useo A rqueo n Oco , U niversidad M ayor d e S an S imon , C ochabamba , a ccompanied m e t o s ites n ear C ochabamba a nd i n E cuador , H ernan C respo T oral , V ictor Manuel A lbarnoz a nd D r . J uan C ueva k indly a ssisted m e o n m y v isit t o I nca s ites . A mong

t he

m any

f riends

a nd

c olleagues

s upport a nd g uidance p rofessionally , P rofessor J .

H owland R owe

o f

w ho h ave g iven m e

I w ould

i nvaluable

l ike t o m ention p articularly

t he D epartment

o f A nthropology

a t

t he

U niversity o f C alifornia a t B erkeley , a nd a t L os A ngeles , D r . C hristopher D onnan , D epartment o f A nthropology a nd D r . C harles R usch , D epartment o f A rchirecture ; D r . J ohn . V . Murra , D epartment o f A nthropology, C ornell U niversity , D r . M . C hä rez B allä l , o f t he I nstituto R egional d e C ultura a nd D irector o f t he Museum o f Machu P icchu , P eru ; P rofessor R . T . Z uidema , D epartment o f A nthropology , U niversity o f I llinois , U .S .A . ; a nd D r . W arwick B ray , w ho w as m y t utor i n t he I nstitute o f A rchaeology a t L ondon U niversity , a dvised a nd s upported m e d uring t he p reparation o f t his t hesis . O ther c olleagues w ho h ave c ontributed b y t heir i nterest a nd o bservations a re D rs . E dward a nd J ane D wyer , D r . P at L yon , D . M enzel , K aren M ohr , S ergio C hkez , A lfredo V alencia a nd A rminda G ibaja V . F or t echnical a dvice o r g uidance I w ould l ike t o t hank D r . I . C ornwall a nd M argaret B arton ,

o f t he I nstitute o f A rchaeology ,

R ichard S anderson o f

t he G eological M useum , D r . R ainer B erger a nd t he s taff o f t he R adiocarbon l aboratory o f t he D epartment o f G eophysics a t t he U niversity o f C aliforn ia , L os A ngeles ,

w ho k indly r an r adiocarbon s amples 1 676A - S .

F urther a dvice

w as g iven b y M r . R . B urleigh o f t he B ritish M useum R esearch D epartment , a nd t hanks a re d ue t o t he B ritish Museum f or r unning s amples 3 24- 3 31, f or r adiocarbon d ating . A ssistance w as g iven b y L inda J acobs, K ate S chleffer , C hristopher T opham a nd I an M acGill ,

w hose h elp i n d igging a nd s haring f ield c onditions

i n 1 973 w as m uch a ppreciated , a s w as t he k ind h ospitality o f t he Z avaleta f amily a t Q uente, e specially S ef fora R osa a nd h er s on C arlos a nd h er d aughter-in-law M agda , w ho l ooked a fter u s . My

t hanks

a lso

t o

C olin C annon

f or

h is

m anuscript,Penelope C ammiarde f or e diting , o riginal

d raft ,

P eter D orrell

G ibaja f or P lates 1 6 a nd 1 7.

f or

r educing

h elp

i n

p reparing

t his

J oan B rown f or t yping t he

s ome

s ite

p lans ,

a nd

A rminda

ABSTRACT Two themes of n ves igation of Inca architecture, function and chronology, are devloped from a basis of systematically compiled field data in inventory form, obtained from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. A method, to be us d as a to l for the i nterpreta ion of the function of the architectural ema ns, s intro uced and applied to achieve a synthe is of field a a and releva t ethnohistor a material. Th is approach is utilized on the Cusichaca sites, where prel · mi nary archaeological excava ions were carried out to t st some of the hypothetical conclusions deriving from the met od. * Investigation ot the distribution and variations of forms and features of Imperial arch.i ec ure shows hat some distinctive patterns and traits can be i olated wh eh .ndica e chronological differences. Other, early, si.tes in the Cuzco and Urubamba valleys (notably some Urubamba sites which have not previously been investigated), are examined by means of surface finds and test excavations. An appraisal of these sites throws some light on the early d velopm nt of Inca architecture.

*1984 Note: Subsequently the Cusichaca Archaeological Project was started in 1978 in order to carry out large scale excavations in all the sites of this complex.

P REFACE

T his v olume w as o riginally p resented a s ad octoral t hesis i n J une 1 974 f or

t he D egree

o f

D octor

o f

P hilosophy

a t

t he

I nstitute

o f

A rchaeology ,

U niversity o f L ondon . A s w ith m any d escriptive w orks m uch o f t he c ontents h as r emained v irtually i naccessible t o m ost a rchaeologists b ecause i t c ould n ot b e p resented a dequately i n s hort a rticles . T hree p ublications h ave m ade p art 1 976 a nd o ne i n 1 978 . T hese w ere : " Preliminary

R eport

o n

o f

t he c ontents

c eramic

d ata

a nd

a vailable ,

t wo

i n

p re-Inca

a rchitectural r emains f rom t he ( lower) U rubamba V alley , C uzco ," i n B aessler A rchiv , S eries I I , B and X XIV , p . 4 11 59, B erlin , lescripciZn

e i nventario

d e

l as

f ormas

a rquitectZnicas

I nca: p atrones d e d istribuciön e i nferencias c ronol r #cas" , i n R evista d el M useo N acional , t omo X LII p . , L ima , P eru . " Interpretaci6n d e

l a F unci f t d e l a A rquitectura I nca :

u n t a todo p ara a nalizar

l os

r estos

a rquitecta ticos" ,

E l H ombre y l a C ultura Andina , t omo I p . C ongreso P eruano , E ditor R amiro M atos, L ima . E ven t hough

7 5-88,

i n I II

t en y ears h ave p assed s ince w riting t his t hesis ,

I t rust

t hat t he d escriptive a nd o rganisational n ature o f t he c ontent w ill r etain i ts u sefulness t o o ther f ield w orkers o n t he l ater p eriods o f C uzco p rehistory . T he o riginal w ork i s p resented h ere i n i ts e ntirety a lthough a s mall a mount o f e diting h as i mproved t he p resentation a nd e specially i n t he f inal ' conclusion ' .

c larified

t he

s ense ,

S ince t he w riting o f t his t hesis I h ave c ontinued t o w ork e xtensively i n t he C ushichaca a rea , D epartment o f C uzco , P eru . I n 1 978 t he C usichaca A rchaeological P roject e mbarked o n t he f irst o f s ix m ajor f ield s easons d uring which l arge s cale e xcavations h ave b een c arried o ut w ithin t he f ramework o f a m ulti-disciplinary p roject . I h ave n ot , h owever , f ound i t n ecessary t o c hange t he t ext n or a dd t o i t e xcept i n t he f orm o f 1 984 n otes . A n a sterix * w ill a lert t he r eader t o a ll s uch n otes a nd a ny a dditions t o t he o riginal t ext .

A . K .

ASPECTOS DE LA ARQUITECTURA INCA Descripci6n, funci6n y cronologia RESUMEN

El presente trabajo desarrolla dos temas de investigaci6n de la arquitectura incaica, a partir de una bas de datos de campo cornpilados e inventoriados sistematicamente en el Peru, Bolivia y Ecuador. Se introduce y se aplica un metodo para la interpretaci6n de la funci6n de los restos arquitect6nicos, con fines ,

0 c \ l• $ . 7

/

Cana marca

0

* P

•+ 1 Pi

( 0

c d E I

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A

CONTOURS WTERVALS 1 0 MS T ERRAC E S A CEOU IA

-

1_ 2 _ 356. 7_ 8_ 1 0 .112 -

B Z u K enda l l , I n ca a rch i tec tu re i nt he C us ichaca a rea .

C

Pata) lacta L ARGE P IA . AR . S I MLL P LA2A AREA 2P LAZAS S TRUCTURES ON T ERRACES T OMBS T OMBS MASONRY ROCK F ACE CORNER BATHS (F OUNTA INS) ENCLOSURE L LACTA P ATA T ERRACES P RE I NCA R EMA INS BR IDGE R OCK

GROUP

D

C ONTROL

E

P u lp ituyoc

GROUP

ROAD S TA IRWA Y ROAD S TNR WA Y

4 07

P LAN OF QU ISHUARPATA ( INCA R U INS HDA . CHAMANA ) MEASURED AND D RA WN B Y ANN K ENDALL CUZCO , 1 968

2 5

[ Z3 4

3

6

A

e

T U NAS M OCC O

G

P LAN MEASURED AND D RA WN B Y ANN K ENDALL 1 968

y

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Rock

2 . 2

4 08

4 09

OLLER l AYOC M easured

and

P I QU ILLACTA

d ra wn

by

AN N

KE N D ALL

CUZC O 0

, Gz '

f = z 2 1 5

HU IL LCA RACCAY . ( 022) Measured and

d ra wn b y Ann Kenda ll

1 973 .

MN

F

9 -

4

1 6

4 10

1 97 0 5

e 20

. . .

Chullpa 1

0

5

t 0

OLLE R IAYOC

TR ANCAPATA

Measured a nd d ra wn b y AN N KE N D ALL Contours b y N . Gunn & A . Murray a t 5m i n terva ls ( First

D raft)

CUZC O

m or e

s tructures

197 5

1 7

4 11

°

Choquepata

P iscaycucho MN

A i

( detail)

1 8

P iqu i l lacta

MN

T orechayoc

f i

MN

( d•tail)

M

1 9

4 12

P I NUYLLUNA . 0 1 1antayta mbo . Measured a nd d ra wn b y Ann Kenda ll

c : =2c z : 3

CUZ C O

,

1 97 0•

c z z i i

MN

LO O K O UTS

Fi rM

1= 1 1 =2

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MN

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4 13

4

8

2 4

HUATA

P R O V I N C EO FA N T A

M e a s u r e da n dd r a w nb yA nK e n d a l . C U Z C O . 1 9 7 0 .

MN

o J

4 14

C • 1

4 15

ANCASMARCA

r S tr

CUZCO 1 970-

Measured a nd d ra wn

b y

Chongo V a l ley .

Ann Kendal l .

PUCARA P ANT ILL ICLA

/

9

4 16

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BR O W N

OR

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BR O W N YELL O W

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