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Why Do You Need This New Edition? If you’re wondering why you should buy this new edition of Academic Reading, here are seven good reasons! 1. You will get a practical and valuable overview of each academic discipline covered in Chapters 10 through 15. Each chapter now opens with a brief section that defines the discipline and describes fields that comprise it. Each chapter also includes an annotated excerpt chosen from a popular textbook in the discipline. The excerpt provides an overview of the field; the annotations call your attention to features of the discipline. An exercise gives you practice in picking out what is important to learn and remember in the discipline. 2. The Academic Success section will help you start college successfully. A more interactive college success section offers skills and strategies for college success. This section has been revised to be more interactive and engaging, and includes a new strategy on managing the many electronic applications and devices available to most students—cell phones, e-mail, text messaging, etc. 3. It is easy to test yourself and keep track of what you are learning. New learning goals have been added that correspond to chapter headings and the Self-Test Summary. The goals tell you what you need to learn, the section corresponding to the goal teaches the
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skills, and the Self-Test Summary gives you an easy way to find out if you have learned what is expected. You will be reading current, up-to-date passages and excerpts in each chapter. Chosen from a wide range of college textbooks representative of over 30 academic courses, over 100 passages have been replaced with current, high-interest topics. Eight new or updated full-length reading selections cover contemporary topics. Topics include stereotypes and prejudice, the rise of African Americans, suicide bombers, and problem solving methods. These topics are representative of the types of readings you will encounter in your college classes, and the questions that follow will show you how to figure out what is important to learn and remember from college reading assignments. The book has been upgraded to a dynamic four-color design. It includes many graphics, diagrams, and photographs to help you maintain your interest and learn more efficiently. A new text-specific MyReadingLab module allows you to complete book exercises online and send them directly to your instructor.
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Academic Reading College Major and Career Applications Eighth Edition
Kathleen T. McWhorter Niagara County Community College
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Credit and acknowledgments for material borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text and on pages 439–443. Library of Congress Control Number: 2012954641
Copyright © 2014, 2010, and 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1—DOC—16 15 14 13
Student Edition ISBN-13: 978-0-321-86582-3 Student Edition ISBN 10: 0-321-86582-0 A la Carte Edition ISBN-13: 978-0-321-85123-9 A la Carte Edition ISBN-10: 0-321-85123-4
Brief Contents Detailed Contents vi Preface xii
The Top Ten College Majors xviii Academic Success in College 1
part one Fundamental Reading Strategies 27 CHAPTER 1 Strategies for Active Reading 27 CHAPTER 2 Fundamental Comprehension Skills 61 CHAPTER 3 Essential Vocabulary Skills 83
part two Critical Reading Strategies 113 CHAPTER 4 Evaluating the Author’s Message 113 CHAPTER 5 Evaluating the Author’s Techniques 141 CHAPTER 6 Reading and Evaluating Arguments 166
part three Academic Reading Strategies 191 CHAPTER 7 Patterns of Academic Thought 191 CHAPTER 8 Reading and Evaluating Graphics and Online Sources 238 CHAPTER 9 Using Writing to Learn 265
part four Strategies for Specific Disciplines 286 CHAPTER 10 Reading in the Social Sciences 286 CHAPTER 11 Reading in Business 308 CHAPTER 12 Reading in the Liberal Arts, Humanities, and Education 334 CHAPTER 13 Reading in Mathematics 362 CHAPTER 14 Reading in the Life and Physical Sciences 388 CHAPTER 15 Reading in Technical and Applied Fields 412 E-Book Chapter: Reading Research, Reference, and Collateral Assignments Credits 439 Index 444
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Detailed Contents Preface xii
The Top Ten College Majors xviii Academic Success in College 1 STRATEGY 1
Get Organized 2
STRATEGY 2
Manage Your Study Time 3
STRATEGY 3
Balance School and Work 6
STRATEGY 4 Take Lecture Notes 8 STRATEGY 5 Take Charge of Your Learning 10 STRATEGY 6
Manage Stress 13
STRATEGY 7
Manage Your Electronic Life 15
STRATEGY 8
Get the Most Out of Your Textbooks 17
STRATEGY 9
Adapt Your Skills to Academic Disciplines 21
STRATEGY 10
Use This Book 23
part one Fundamental Reading Strategies 27 CHAPTER 1 Strategies for Active Reading 27 Reading and Academic Success 28 Assessing Your Learning Style 29 Building Your Concentration 35 Developing Levels of Thinking 37 Previewing and Predicting 41 Developing Guide Questions 47 Checking Your Comprehension 49 Using the SQ3R Reading/Study System 51 Self-Test Summary 56
Psychology READING
Stereotypes and Prejudices: Seen One, Seen ’Em All 57
CHAPTER 2 Fundamental Comprehension Skills 61 Finding the Main Idea 62 Identifying Topic Sentences 63 Finding an Implied Main Idea 67 Recognizing Primary and Secondary Details 69 Adjusting Your Rate to Meet Comprehension Demands 71 Self-Test Summary 76
SOCIOLOGY READING
Diversity in U.S. Families 77
CHAPTER 3 Essential Vocabulary Skills 83 Techniques for Vocabulary Development 84 Using a System for Learning New Vocabulary 86 Using Context Clues 88
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DETAILED CONTENTS
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Learning Word Parts: The Multiplier Effect 93 Using Word Mapping to Expand Your Vocabulary 100 Learning Specialized and Scientific Vocabulary 102 Self-Test Summary 106 Interpersonal Communication Reading
Principles of Verbal Messages 107
part two Critical Reading Strategies
113
CHAPTER 4 Evaluating the Author’s Message 113 Make Inferences as You Read 114 Assessing the Author’s Qualifications 120 Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion 121 Identifying the Author’s Purpose 124 Evaluating the Data and Evidence 126 Analyzing the Writer’s Tone 127 Annotating as You Read 131 Synthesizing Your Ideas 133 Self-Test Summary 136 EDUCATION READING
His Name Is Michael 137
CHAPTER 5 Evaluating the Author’s Techniques 141 Does the Writer Use Connotative Language? 142 Does the Writer Use Figurative Language? 144 Is the Author Fair or Biased? 146 What Isn’t the Author Telling Me? 149 Does the Author Make and Support Generalizations? 150 What Assumptions Is the Author Making? 152 Does the Author Use Manipulative Language? 154 Self-Test Summary 162
Public Relations READING
Women Mobilize Against Scruffy-Faced Men 163
CHAPTER 6 Reading and Evaluating Arguments 166 What Is an Argument? 167 Parts of an Argument 168 Inductive and Deductive Arguments 171 Strategies for Reading an Argument 173 Strategies for Evaluating Arguments 176 Errors in Logical Reasoning 180 Self-Test Summary 184
PAIRED TECHNOLOGY READING
Should Online Sites Ban Postings by Groups the Government Identifies as Terrorists? (Pro) 185 Should Online Sites Ban Postings by Groups the Government Identifies as Terrorists? (Con) 186