Wireless Access Networks: Fixed Wireless Access and WLL Networks -- Design and Operation [1 ed.] 0471492981, 9780471492986
Wireless provides a means for effective, efficient and rapid deployment of new access networks in areas previously witho
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Wireless Access Networks
FixedWireless Access and WLL Networks ö Design and Operation
Wireless Access Networks FixedWireless Access andWLL Networks ö Design and Operation Martin P. Clark Telecommunications Consultant, Eppstein, Germany
x x x x x
Copyright & 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Baf®ns Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, UK National 01243 779777 International (+44) 1243 779777 e-mail (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on: http://www.wiley.co.uk or http://www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied speci®cally for the prupose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the publication. Neither the authors nor John Wiley & Sons Ltd accept any responsibility or liability for loss or damage occasioned to any person or property through using the material, instructions, methods or ideas contained herein, or acting or refraining from acting as a result of such use. The authors and Publisher expressly disclaim all implied warranties, including merchantability of ®tness for any particular purpose. There will be no duty on the author or Publisher to correct any errors or defects in the software. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, USA WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Pappelallee 3, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany Jacaranda Wiley, Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons (Canada) Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Rexdale, Ontario M9W 1L1, Canada Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Clark, Martin P. Wireless access networks : ®xed wireless access and WLL networks Ð design and operation / Martin P. Clark. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-471-49298-1 (alk. paper) 1. Wireless communication systems. 2. Broadband communication systems. 3. Local loop (Telephony) I. Title. TK5103.2. C63 2000 621.382'1 Ð dc21
00-033016
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 471 49298 1 Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Dobbie Typesetting Limited, Devon Printed and bound in Great Britain by Bookcraft (Bath) Ltd This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustaintable forestry, in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
Acknowledgements
xi
1. The Case for Fixed Wireless Networks ! # $% ! " & ' ( ) * + ! % ,'%--%.-$. / 0.. 1 ! & * ,)-.2/ 3 & ' &. 2 4 ! & $ &$ 2 %5 6 22 ! '.$ . 0 7 ! 7 8$ % ! ,* *2/ $. 9 0 . 2 ! : " #$; + ) '&'? 0%
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4. Radio Modulation &. ,& / ) & &. ( ) & ( &. &. & , / " D. % = &. 2 >=&?
57 "1 "4 + +" +1
5. Multiple Access Schemes for Point-to-Multipoint Operation " &. 2 0 . '&' 0% " =& > D. % = &. 2 ? " =& > = &. 2 ? " D. % (22 9 (%$ =& =& "" =& > = &. 2 ? "+ 0 = ,&. 2 / & "1 ) 0% '&'
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14
6. Basic Radio System Design and Functionality + ) 0% 2 + + ! . + #. >#= ? +" ++ E. @ #. > ? +1 --#. $ +3 > = ? & +4 2
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7. Radio Propagation, System Range, Reliability and Availability 1 $ %C , / , $ %/ 0% 1 2 , &/ 1
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72 0 * @ ! 1+ ' * -02 >* ? ,* --0 / 0%
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8. Radio Path and Radio Network Planning Considerations 3 ' % E. % 3 ,* --0 / 3 * 0 3 F 3" * --0 >*#0- ? 3+ *#0- '--' '--&. 2 0% 31 * # #$ '--' 0% 33 # '$ 0 '--&. 2 ) 0 34 #2 2% '--&. 2 ) 0 36 0) ? ! * *2 0% " &$ 2 . & ! + . C @ $ 7 . &$ 2 0 > & 0? 1 0 . & !**
" 227 1 3 4 3 "
12. Backbone, Backhaul and High Capacity Access Radio Systems )$ (% 0% . = ( % >0=(? 0#7 >0% . #2 7 ? ) . &$ 2 " '--&. 2 ) . + '--' ( 2%
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14. Broadband Wireless Access = ' 2 02 . ( D. % ) @ 2%5 &&=0 >&. &. 2 =$. 0% ? *&=0 >* &. 2 =$. 0 ? " *& 0 >* &. 2 . 0% ? + =8 >= .-8. . ? ' 1 &8=0 >&. 2 8 =$. 0% ? 3 '--&. 2 4 )$ '--&. 2 7D.2 6 ) >)$ ? .. 9 0D. G & 2% * 02 .
283 3 3 31 33 46 46 4 4 4 43 44
15. Radio System Installation " 0 D.C 0. % ' 2 " 0 0. % >'&' ) 0 ' ' % 0? " % ' " ' D. % 22 "" 'C = 0 & &. "+ ' 2 7D.2 0 ' 2 "1 ) 0 7D.2 "3 '; # "4 . 0
301 6 6 6" 6"
16. Operation and Management of Wireless Access Networks + 0 $ 0.22 + ) #2 + = D. #2 0 0.22
319 4 6
Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 Appendix 10
337 343 347 349 351 353 359 373 379
61 + + 1 3
Radio Bands and Channel Rasters for Fixed Wireless Systems ETSI Radio Speci®cations for Fixed Wireless IEEE Publications and FCC Standards Waveguide Speci®cations Coaxial Cable Waveguides (RG-Nomenclature) Forward Error Correction Codes Wireless propagation, Frequency Re-use, Design and Operations World Climate Zones and their Precipitation Characteristics Rainfall Attenuation Prediction Model Safety, Environmental and EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Standards Relevant to Fixed Wireless Appendix 11 Radio Spectrum Charges for PTP and PMP System Operation Appendix 12 Radio Regulations Agencies
381 383 385
Glossary of Terms
389
Bibliography
393
Index
395
Acknowledgements When reviewing the list of sources, reference bodies and helpers who have contributed to this work, I come to think of myself more as a coordinator than a sole author, and my especial thanks are due to the many who have encouraged me, contributed material or reviewed sections of text. In particular, I would like to thank my friend and colleague, Dietmar Kroll, for his attention to radio planning details. No book on telecommunications as it is today could fail to recognise the contribution to world standards made by the International Telecommunications Union and its subordinate entities ITU-R and ITU-T. You will ®nd references littered throughout the text. Particular copyright extracts (chosen by the author, but reproduced with the prior authorisation of the ITU) are labelled accordingly. The full texts of all ITU copyright material may be obtained from the ITU Sales and Marketing Service, Place des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Telephone: +41 22 730 6141 or Internet: [email protected]. I am indebted for photographs to Netro Corporation. To Netro I am also indebted an education about broadband wireless. Special thanks to the co-founders Gideon Ben-Efraim and Eli Pasternak. Frankfurt, Germany December 1999
Fundamentals of Fixed Wireless
1 The Case for Fixed Wireless Networks
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The Time to Consider Installing a Fixed Wireless Access Network
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Radio as an Ideal Mechanism for Access Port Concentration or Multiplexing
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Radio Communication, The Radio Spectrum and its Management
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System and Network Design
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