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English Pages 692 Year 1992
AN INTRODUCTION TO POETRY
THIRD EDITION
John Frederick Nims
WESTERN WIND
An Introduction to Poetry
Western wind, when will thou blow, The small rain down can rain? Christ! if my love were in my arms, And I in my bed again!
WESTERN WIND
An Introduction to Poetry THIRD
EDITION
John Frederick Nims
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WESTERN WIND An Introduction to Poetry Copyright © 1992, 1983, 1974 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Acknowledgments appear on pages 619-633, and on this page by reference.
34567890 DOC DOC 909876543
ISBN 0-07-04L.574-L. This book was set in Plantin Light by Ruttle, Shaw Gf Wetherill, Inc. The editors were Steve Pensinger and Tom Holton; the designer was Joan Greenfield; the production supervisor was Leroy A. Young. The photo researcher was Elsa Peterson. R . R. Donnelley & Sons Company was printer and binder.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nims, John Frederick, (date). Western wind: an introduction to poetry / John Frederick Nims.— 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN 0-07-046574-6 1. Poetics. 2. Poetry—Collections. PN1042.N6 1992 809.1—dc20
I. Title. 91-23756
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Born in Muskegon, Michigan, John Frederick Nims received his M.A. from the University of Notre Dame and his Ph.D. in comparative litera¬ ture from the University of Chicago. He has taught poetry and given workshops in poetry at Notre Dame, the University of Toronto, the University of Illinois at Urbana, Harvard University, Williams College, the University of Florida, and the University of Illinois at Chicago. He has also been a Visiting Professor at the universities of Florence and Madrid and has been on the staff of many writers’ conferences, including the one at Bread Loaf, Vermont, where he taught for more than ten years. He is the author of eight books of poetry, among them The Iron Pastoral, Knowledge of the Evening (a National Book Award nominee), The Kiss: A Jambalaya, Zany in Denim, and The Six-Cornered Snowflake—books that have brought him awards from The National Foundation of Arts and Humanities, The American Academy of Arts and Letters, and Brandeis University, which awarded him its Creative Arts Citation in Poetry. He has been the Phi Beta Kappa poet at the College of William and Mary and at Harvard University. He has also published several books of trans¬ lations, including Sappho to Valery: Poems in Translation and The Poems of St. John of the Cross, and edited The Harper Anthology of Poetry. Several times on the staff of Poetry (Chicago), he was its editor from 1978 to 1984. In 1982, he was awarded the Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets; in 1991, the Aiken Taylor Award for Modern American Poetry.
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CONTENTS
PREFACE
xxix
BEFORE WE BEGIN
xxxi
ONE The Senses
\
WHERE EXPERIENCE STARTS: The Image
3
THE ROLE OF THE SENSES
3
Anonymous, Western Wind Archibald MacLeish, Eleven Robert Morgan, Stretching Sappho, There’s a Man T. S. Eliot, Preludes Anonymous , Brief Autumnal THE SPECIFIC IMAGE
Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro Alba (“As cool as the pale wet leaves . . .”)
Anthony Hecht, The End of the Weekend Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spens EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
Brewster Ghiselin, Rattler, Alert Sappho, Leaving Crete, Come Visit Again
6 i 8
9 9 n 11
12 12 13 15
16 17 18
vii
viii • CONTENTS
2
WHAT'S IT LIKE? Simile, Metaphor, and
Other Figures
20
SIMILE AND METAPHOR
20
Robinson Jeffers, The Purse-Seine
21
Robert Frost, The Silken Tent
24
Emily Dickinson, My Life Had Stood—A Loaded Gun
25
Linda Pastan, Returning
28
Margaret \twood, Habitation
28
William Butler Yeats, No Second Troy
29
Robert Frost, A Patch of Old Snow
31
Helen Chasin, City Pigeons
32
ANALOGY
Walter de la Mare, All But Blind
35
SYNESTHESIA
37
ALLUSION
39
Alexander Pope, Intended for Sir Isaac Newton PERSONIFICATION, MYTHOLOGY
Karl Shapiro, A Cut Flower
^
34
39 41 41
William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan
44
Walter Savage Landor, Dirce
44
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
45
THE BROKEN COIN: The Use of Symbol
49
SYNECDOCHE, METONYMY
49
THE SYMBOL
52
Howard Nemerov, Money
54
Plato, The Apple
55
George Herbert, Hope
57
William Blake, The Sick Rose
57
Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night
58
Saint John of the Cross, The Dark Night
59
THING-POEMS
60
Rainer Maria Rilke, The Merry-Go-Round
60
William Carlos Williams, Nantucket
6i
Karl Shapiro, Girls Working in Banks
62
CONTENTS • ix ALLEGORY
63
Sir Thomas Wyatt, My Galley Charged with
Forgetfulness
64
Kingsley Amis, A Note on Wyatt
64
Billy Collins, The Death of Allegory
65
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
66
John Crowe Ransom, Good Ships
69
Carl Sandburg, A Fence
69
BINOCULAR VISION: Antipoetry, Paradox, Irony, the Withheld Image
71
ANTI POETRY
71
William Shakespeare, Winter
72
Francis P. Osgood, Winter Fairyland in Vermont
73
Elizabeth Bishop, Filling Station
74
Walt Whitman, Beauty
75
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130
76
PARADOX
77
Robert Graves, The Face in the Mirror
79
Alexander Pope, from An Essay on Man
79
IRONY
82
UNDERSTATEMENT—THE WITHHELD IMAGE
83
Simonides, On the Spartan Dead at Thermopylae
85
X. J. Kennedy, Loose Woman
86
OVERSTATEMENT
88
Robert Graves, Spoils
89 90
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
Rod Taylor, Dakota: October, 1822: Hunkpapa Warrior
90
Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream
91
TWO
The Emotions THE COLOR OF THOUGHT: The Emotions in Poetry
97
THE ROLE OF EMOTION
97
Rosalia de Castro, Black Mood
102
x • CONTENTS
William Butler Yeats, The Spur
103
Walter Savage Landor, Alas! ’Tis Very Sad to Hear
103
AMMIANUS, Epitaph of Nearchos
104
W. H. Auden, The Shield of Achilles
104
SENSE AND SENTIMENTALITY
106
Anonymous, The Unquiet Grave
107
Anonymous, Papa’s Letter
109
John Crowe Ransom, Bells for John Whiteside’s
Daughter
111
Algernon Charles Swinburne, Etude Realiste (I)
112
James Wright, A Song for the Middle of the Night
113
Will Allen Dromgoole, Old Ladies
114
John Crowe Ransom, Blue Girls
115
May Swenson, Cat & the Weather
116
William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark
117
Mary Thacher Higginson, Ghost-Flowers
118
Theodore Roethke, The Geranium
119
Laurence Hope, Youth
120
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
120
Kenneth Fearing, Yes, The Agency Can Handle That
123
THREE
The Words ^
MACHINE FOR MAGIC: The Fresh Usual Words
127
LIVING WORDS
127
Kenneth Patchen, Moon, Sun, Sleep, Birds, Live
130
Robert Frost, Dust of Snow
134
Neither Out Far Nor In Deep Emily Dickinson, A Narrow Fellow in the Grass LESS IS MORE
136 137 138
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break
139
A. E. Housman, Along the Field as We Came By
140
William Butler Yeats, An Irish Airman Foresees
His Death Ezra Pound, The Bath Tub
141 143
CONTENTS • xi Hilaire Belloc, Robert Frost, W. H. Auden,
On His Books
The Wrights’ Biplane The Wanderer
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
146 146 147 150
Randall Jarrell, The Knight, Death, and the Devil
153
Mahlon Leonard Fisher, In Cool, Green Haunts
155
FOUR
The Sounds GOLD IN THE ORE: The Sounds of English Gail Tremblay, Not Sense VOWELS
159 i6i 161
Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good
Night
164
Robert Frost, Once by the Pacific
165
E. E. Cummings, Chansons Innocentes, I
170
CONSONANTS
171
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
179
John Milton, On the Late Massacre in Piedmont
181
WORKING WITH GOLD: The Devices of Sound
182
LANGUAGE AS MIMICRY
182
John Updike, Player Piano A REASON FOR RHYME?
Ezra Pound, Alba (“When the nightingale . . .”) OFF-RHYME
Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth
Arms and the Boy THE MUSIC OF POETRY
William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
185 188
191 195 196
196 197
201 203
T. S. Eliot, New Hampshire
205
William Butler Yeats, Under Ben Bulben, VI
205
Edwin Arlington Robinson, The Dark Hills
207
xii • CONTENTS
FIVE
The Rhythms THE DANCER AND THE DANCE: The Play of Rhythms
211
RHYTHM
211
REPETITION AS RHYTHM
213
Robert Graves, Counting the Beats
214
Walt Whitman, from Leaves of Grass
215
.38
216
THE RHYTHM OF ACCENT
217
A NOTE ON SCANSION
220
Ted Joans, The
Christian Morgenstern, Fish’s Nightsong
222
IAMBIC PENTAMETER
223
VARIATIONS ON IAMBIC
225
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 66
226
METER AND RHYTHM
232
William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming
234
LINE LENGTH
236
Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach
236
A. E. Housman, I to My Perils
237
Theodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz
238
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
Marilyn Hacker, Who Would Divorce Her Lover.
240 . . ?
242
William Browne, On the Countess Dowager of
Pembroke
10
242
DIFFERENT DRUMMERS: Rhythms Old and New
245
OTHER SYLLABLE-STRESS RHYTHMS
245
George Gordon, Lord Byron, The Destruction
of Sennacherib William Blake, Ah Sun-Flower STRONG-STRESS RHYTHMS
247
248 250
Anonymous, I Have Labored Sore
251
Richard Wilbur, Junk
251
Anonymous, from Ubi Sunt Qui Ante Nos Fuerunt?
254
E. E. Cummings, if everything happens that can’t be done
254
Dudley Randall, Blackberry Sweet
256
CONTENTS • xiii SPRUNG RHYTHM
257
A WORD ABOUT QUANTITY
258
William Meredith, Effort at Speech SYLLABIC METER
258 260
James Tate, Miss Cho Composes in the Cafeteria
260
Robert Morgan, Grandma’s Bureau
261
Dave Etter, Romp
262
FREE VERSE, FREE RHYTHMS
264
Ezra Pound, The Return
264
Stephen Crane, A Man Said to the Universe
265 268
THE VARIABLE FOOT
William Carlos Williams, The Descent
268 270
CONCRETE POETRY
Emmett Williams, Like Attracts Like
271 271
THE PROSE POEM
Hansjorg Mayer, Oil
272 272
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
William Carlos Williams, Iris
276
SIX
The Mind THE SHAPE OF THOUGHT: We Go A-Sentencing
28i
THE SENTENCE
281
Eugenio Montale, The Eel
283
Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool
283
USE OF CONNECTIVES
Jacques Prevert, The Message PARALLELISM
284 285 285
Walt Whitman, I Hear America Singing
285
Gail Tremblay, It Is Important
286
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
288
E. E. Cummings, Me up at does
289
Peter Viereck, To Helen of Troy (N.Y.)
290
Robert Frost, Beyond Words
291
Alice Fulton, What I Like
29i
xiv • CONTENTS
Kenneth Patchen,
0 All down within the
Pretty Meadow John Clare, Remember Dear Mary LEVELS OF LANGUAGE
292 293
Robert Graves, The Persian Version
293
Edward Field, Curse of the Cat Woman
294
NEW WORDS, NEW LANGUAGE
E. E. Cummings, wherelings whenlings
12
292
295
297
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
298
GOLDEN NUMBERS: On Nature and Form
302
William Butler Yeats, The Statues
308
John Donne, The Anniversary
312
William Butler Yeats, The Lover Mourns
for the Loss of Love FIXED STANZA FORMS
John Ciardi, Exit Line
314 314 316
Howard Nemerov, “Good-bye,” Said the River,
“Pm Going Downstream”
316
Sir Henry Wotton, Upon the Death of Sir Albert
Morton’s Wife
316
John Williams, On Reading Aloud My Early Poems
316
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia’s Clothes
317
William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My
Spirit Seal Edgar Allan Poe, To Helen FIXED FORMS FOR POEMS
318 319 322
George Meredith, Lucifer in Starlight
323
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29
323
Howard Nemerov, A Primer of the Daily Round
324
Edmund Spenser, Sonnet LXXV
324
Gwendolyn Brooks, The Rites for Cousin Vit
325
Marilyn Hacker, Dear Julie, Provincetown Is Not
Antibes
325
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty
326
Mona Van Duyn, Sonnet for Minimalists
326
Francois Villon, Ballade to His Mistress
327
Frances Cornford, To a Fat Lady Seen from
the Train Frederick Morgan, 1904
328 329
CONTENTS • xv
Lady Izumi Shikibu, Lying Here Alone
330
Adelaide Crapsey, Cinquain: A Warning
330
Basho, Evening darkens. Hunched
330
Lightning in the clouds!
330
Richard Wilbur, Sleepless at Crown Point
331
Peter Meinke, Atomic Pantoum
331
Anonymous, Sir Isaac Newton
332
E. William Seaman, Higgledy-piggledy
332
Paul Pascal, Tact
333
Anonymous, There Was a Young Lady of Tottenham
333
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
334
A. E. Housman, With Rue My Heart is Laden
334
Thomas Hardy, I Look into My Glass
337
^ A HEAD ON ITS SHOULDERS: Common Sense,
Uncommon Sense
338
COMMON SENSE
338
Miller Williams, A Poem for Emily
338
John Berryman, He Resigns
341
William Wordsworth, The Solitary Reaper
342
Will Allen Dromgoole, Building the Bridge
344
UNCOMMON SENSE
347
Thomas Lux, My Grandmother’s Funeral
350
Lisel Mueller, Palindrome
351
Stevie Smith, Our Bog Is Dood
352
Federico Garcia Lorca, Sleepwalker’s Ballad
354
EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
Anonymous, / Never Plucked—a Bumblebee
ADAM’S CURSE: Inspiration and Effort
356 358 360
Robert W. Service, Inspiration
360
Dylan Thomas, In My Craft or Sullen Art
361
D. H. Lawrence, The Piano
370
Piano EXERCISES & DIVERSIONS
A. E. Housman, I Hoed and Trenched and Weeded
371 378 378
William Butler Yeats, The Lamentation
of the Old Pensioner Walter de la Mare, The Stone
Slim Cunning Hands
380 380 381
xvi • CONTENTS
Anthology ANONYMOUS
Adam Lay Ibounden
385
A Lyke-Wake Dirge
385
Lully, Lulley, Lully, Lulley
386
Lord Randal
387
The Demon Lover
387
SIR THOMAS WYATT
They Flee from Me
389
SIR EDWARD DYER
The Lowest Trees Have Tops
390
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
390
SIR WALTER RALEIGH
The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd
391
SIR PHILIP SIDNEY
With How Sad Steps, O Moon
392
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
Sonnet 18
392
Sonnet 33
393
Sonnet 73
393
Sonnet 116
394
Sonnet 129
394
THOMAS CAMPION
My Sweetest Lesbia, Let Us Live and Love
394
It Fell on a Summer's Day
395
Thrice Toss These Oaken Ashes in the Air
396
THOMAS NASHE
Adieu, Farewell Earth’s Bliss
396
CHIDIOCK TICHBORNE
Elegy
397
JOHN DONNE
The Sun Rising
398
A Valediction: Of Weeping
399
CONTENTS • xvii
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
399
Death Be Not Proud
400
BEN JONSON
On My First Son
401
Still to Be Neat, Still to Be Dressed
401
ANONYMOUS
Loving Mad Tom
402
ROBERT HERRICK
Delight in Disorder
404
GEORGE HERBERT
Redemption
404
Easter-Wings
405
Love
405
EDMUND WALLER
Go, Lovely Rose
406
JOHN MILTON
Lycidas
406
On His Blindness
412
On His Dead Wife
413
ANNE BRADSTREET
To My Dear and Loving Husband
413
RICHARD LOVELACE
To Lucasta, Going to the Wars
414
ANDREW MARVELL
To His Coy Mistress
414
HENRY VAUGHAN
Peace
415
JOHN DRYDEN
Song from The Secular Masque
416
KATHERINE PHILIPS
An Answer to Another Persuading a Lady to Marriage
416
APHRA BEHN
Song: Love Armed
417
JONATHAN SWIFT
A Description of the Morning
417
xviii • CONTENTS
THOMAS GRAY
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
418
CHRISTOPHER SMART
From Jubilate Agno
421
WILLIAM BLAKE
The Tyger
422
London
423
A Poison Tree
423
Epilogue to The Gates of Paradise
424
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways
424
The World Is Too Much With Us
425
Composed upon Westminster Bridge
425
SAMUEL WLOR COLERIDGE
Kubla Khan
425
WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR
Rose Aylmer
427
On Seeing a Hair of Lucretia Borgia
427
Past Ruined I lion Helen Lives
427
GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON
So We’ll Go No More A-Roving
428
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
Ozymandias
428
Ode to the West Wind
428
JOHN CLARE
Autumn
430
JOHN KEATS
La Belle Dame sans Merci
431
Ode to a Nightingale
433
To Autumn
435
EDWARD FITZGERALD
From The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
436
ALFRED LORD TENNYSON
Ulysses
438
Tears, Idle Tears
440
ROBERT BROWNING
My Last Duchess
440
CONTENTS • xix
EMILY BRONTE
Remembrance
442
ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH
The Latest Decalogue
443
WALT WHITMAN
From Leaves of Grass
443
Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking
444 449 449
When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer Reconciliation DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI
The Woodspurge
450
EMILY DICKINSON
Went Up a Year This Evening
450
How Many Times These Low Feet Staggered
451
I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died
451
I Started Early—Took My Dog
452
Because I Could Not Stop for Death
452
The Wind Begun to Knead the Grass
453
Tell All the Truth but Tell It Slant
454
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI
Up-Hill
454
ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE
Chorus
from Atalanta in Calydon
454
THOMAS HARDY
The Ruined Maid
456
Drummer Hodge
457
The Self-Unseeing
457
The Man He Killed
458
The Oxen
458
In Time of “The Breaking of Nations”
459
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS
God’s Grandeur
459
The Windhover
460
Felix Randal
460
Spring and Fall
461
A. E. HOUSMAN
To an Athlete Dying Young
462
Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now
462
XX • CONTENTS
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS
Adam’s Curse
463
The Cold Heaven
454
Sailing to Byzantium
454
Among School Children
465
A Last Confession
468
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON
The Mill
468
Mr. Flood’s Party
469
WALTER DE LA MARE
The Listeners
470
ROBERT FROST
Mending Wall
471
“Out, Out—”
472
Provide, Provide
473
The Most of It
474
The Subverted Flower
474
WALLACE STEVENS
Sunday Morning
476
The Snow Man
479
A Postcard from the Volcano
48o
The Sense of the Sleight-of-Hand Man
430
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS
To Waken an Old Lady
481
The Red Wheelbarrow The Dance
481 482
EZRA POUND
The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter
482
MARIANNE MOORE
A Grave
483
A Carriage from Sweden
484
EDWIN MUIR
The Horses
486
T. S. ELIOT
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Sweeney among the Nightingales
487 491
CONTENTS • xxi
CONRAD AIKEN
The Things
492
ARCHIBALD MACLEISH
Ars Poetica
494
You, Andrew Marvell
495
E. E. CUMMINGS
anyone lived in a pretty how town
496
JEAN TOOMER
Reapers
497
HART CRANE
Praise for an Urn
497
Proem: To Brooklyn Bridge
498
ROBERT FRANCIS
Pitcher
499
Swimmer
499
KENNETH FEARING
Love, 20 ij,
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v i960, 1976 by Robert Lowell. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc. Thomas Lux. My Grandmother’s Funeral” from Memory’s Handgrenade. Copyright © 1972 by Thomas Lux. Reprinted by permission of Pym-Randall Press. Archibald MacLeish. “Ars Poetica” and “You, Andrew Marvell” from New and Collected Poems 1917-1982. Copyright © 1985 by The Estate of Archibald MacLeish. “Eleven” from New and Collected Poems 1917-1982. Copyright © 1976 by Archibald MacLeish. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company. J. D. McClatchy. “Achill Island” from The Rest of the Way. Copyright © 1990 by J. D. McClatchy. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Charles Martin. “Lines Freely Taken From Callimachus.” Originally appeared in Poetry, June 1984. Copyright © 1984 by the Modern Poetry Association. Copyright © 1991 by Charles Martin. Reprinted by permission of the Editor of Poetry. William Matthews. “Clearwater Beach, Florida” from Breadbaf Anthology of Contemporary American Poetry. Copyright William Matthews. Reprinted by permission of the author. “Mood Indigo” from Blues If You Want. Copyright © 1989 by William Matthews. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company. Daphne and Charles Maurer. The World of the Newborn. Copyright © 1988 by Daphne Maurer and Charles Maurer. Reprinted by permission of Basic Books, Inc., a division of HarperCollins Publishers. Hansjorg Mayer. “Oil” from Concrete Poetry: A World View, edited by Mary Ellen Solt. Copyright © 1968 by Hispanic Arts, Indiana University. Copyright © 1970 by Indiana University Press. Peter Meinke. “Atomic Pantoum” from Night Watch on the Chesapeake. Copyright © 1987 by Peter Meinke. Reprinted by permission of the University of Pittsburgh Press. James Merrill. “Annie Hill’s Grave” from From the First Nine. Copyright 1962, 1982 by James Merrill. Reprinted by permission of the author. W. S. Merwin. “Separation and “Things” from The Moving Target. Copyright © i960, 1961, 1962, 1963 by W. S. Merwin. Reprinted by permission of Georges Borchardt Inc. for the author. William Meredith. “Effort at Speech” from Earth Walk: New and Selected Poems. Copyright © 1969 by William Meredith. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Eugenio Montale. “The Eel” translated by John F. Nims. Copyright © 1965 by New Directions Publishing Corporation. Reprinted by permission. Marianne Moore. “A Carriage from Sweden” from Collected Poems. Copyright 1944 and renewed 1972 by Marianne Moore. “A Grave” Ibid. Copyright 1935 by Marianne Moore, renewed 1963 by Marianne Moore and T. S. Eliot. Both reprinted by permission of Macmillan Publishing Company. Frederick Morgan. “1904” from Poems: New and Selected. Copyright © 1987 by Frederick Morgan. Reprinted by permission of the author and the University of Illinois Press. Robert Morgan. “Grandma’s Bureau” and “Stretching” from Sigodlin, Poems by Robert Morgan. Copyright © 1990 by Robert Morgan. Reprinted by permission of Wesleyan University Press and University Press of New England. Edwin Muir. “The Horses” from Collected Poems. Copyright © i960 by Willa Muir. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press, Inc. David Mura. “The Natives” from After We Lost Our Way. Copyright © 1989 by David Mura. Reprinted by permission of the publisher, Dutton, an imprint of New American Library, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc. Lisel Mueller. “All Night,” “Bedtime Story,” “Cavalleria Rusticana,” “Paul Delvaux: The Village of the Mermaids” from Waving From Shore. Copyright © 1989 by Lisel Mueller.
628 • PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “Palindrome” from The Private Life. Copyright © 1976 by Lisel Mueller. All reprinted by permission of Louisiana State University Press. Ogden Nash. “Very Like A Whale” from Verses From ig2g On. Copyright © 1934 by Ogden Nash. Reprinted by permission of Little, Brown and Company. Howard Nemerov. “Because You Asked About the Line Between Prose and Poetry” from Sentences, “Learning By Doing” from The Collected Poems of Howard Nemerov, “Money” from The Blue Swallows, “A Primer of the Daily Round” from New and Selected Poems. University of Chicago Press. Copyright © Howard Nemerov. All reprinted by permission of the author. Pablo Neruda. “Lost in the City” from Memoirs, translated by Hardie St. Martin. Translation © 1976, 1977 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc. “The Morning is Full” from Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, translated by W. S. Merwin. Translation copyright © 1969 by W. S. Merwin. Reprinted by permission of Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc., and Jonathan Cape Ltd. The New York Times. Diagram “Bills’ No-Huddle Single Back” from The New York Times, p. B11, January 25, 1991. Copyright © 1991 by The New York Times Company. Naomi Shihab Nye. “Rebellion Against the North Side” from Hugging the Jukebox. Re¬ printed by permission of the author. Carole Oles. “To a Daughter at Fourteen Forsaking the Violin” from The Breadloaf Anthology of Contemporary American Poetry. First appeared in Triquarterly #61, Fall 1984. Copyright © 1984 by Carol Oles. Reprinted by permission of the author. Mary Oliver. “Blackberries,” from American Primitive. Copyright © 1982 by Mary Oliver. First appeared in Raccoon. “John Chapman” from American Primitive. First appeared in American Scholar. Copyright © 1982 by Mary Oliver. “Postcard from Flamingo” from American Primitive. Copyright © 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983 by Mary Oliver. Both reprinted by permission of Little, Brown and Company. “Shadows” and “The Moths” from Dream Work. Copyright © 1986 by Mary Oliver. Reprinted by permission of Atlantic Monthly Press. Charles Olson. Excerpt from “Projective Verse” essay as it appeared in New American Poetics, edited by Donald Allen. Reprinted by permission of the Estate of Charles Olson 1991. Ondaatje, Michael. “Sweet Like a Crow” from The Cinnamon Peeler. Copyright © 1989 by Michael Ondaatje. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Paul Pascal. “Tact” first appeared in Western Wind, 2nd edition. Linda Pastan. “Dreams,” “Letter to a Son at Exam Time,” “Returning” from Waiting For My Life: Poems by Linda Pastan. Copyright © 1981 by Linda Pastan. Reprinted by permission of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. “Wildflowers” from Aspects of Eve. Copyright © 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975 by Linda Pastan. Reprinted by permis¬ sion of Liveright Publishing Corporation. Kenneth Patchen. “Moon, Sun, Sleep, Birds, Live” from Collected Poems of Kenneth Patchen. Copyright 1942 by New Directions Publishing Corporation. Reprinted by permission. Robert Pinsky. “A Woman” from History of My Heart. Copyright © 1984 by Robert Pinsky. First published by Ecco Press in 1984. Reprinted by permission. Sylvia Plath. “Daddy’ and “Tulips” from The Collected Poems of Sylvia Plath. Copyright © 1962, 1963 by Ted Hughes. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers. Ezra Pound. “Alba,” “The Bath Tub,” “In a Station of the Metro,” “The Return,” and The River-Merchant’s Wife—A Letter” from Personae. Copyright 1926 by Ezra Pound. “Canto XC” from The Cantos of Ezra Pound. Copyright 1934, 1948, © 1959 by Ezra Pound. All reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. Jacques Prevert. “The Message” from Paroles. Copyright © 1949 by Editions Gallimard. Translation by John F. Nims. Reprinted by permission of Editions Gallimard.
PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • 629 Craig Raine. “An Enquiry Into Two Inches of Ivory” and “Gethsemane” from The Onion, Memory, 1978- In the Kalahari Desert” from A Martian Sends Postcards Home, 1979. All reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press. Dudley Randall. “Blackberry Sweet” from The New Black Poetry, edited by C. Major. Copyright © 1969 by International Publishers Co., Inc. Reprinted by permission. John Crowe Ransom. “Bells for John Whiteside’s Daughter” and “Good Ships” from Selected Poems. Copyright 1924 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., and renewed 1952 by John Crowe Ransom. “Blue Girls” Ibid. Copyright 1927 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., and renewed 1955 by John Crowe Ransom. All reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Adrienne Rich. “Children Playing Checkers at the Edge of the Forest” from Time’s Power. Copyright © 1989 by Adrienne Rich. Reprinted by permission of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Rainer Maria Rilke. “The Merry-Go-Round” from Selected Poems, Bilingual Edition, trans¬ lated and edited by C. F. MacIntyre. Copyright © 1940, 1968 by C.F. MacIntyre. Reprinted by permission of The University of California Press. Edwin Arlington Robinson. “The Dark Hills,” “The Mill,” and “Mr. Flood’s Party” from Collected Poems. Copyright 1920 by Edwin Arlington Robinson, renewed 1948 by Ruth Nivison. Reprinted with permission of Macmillan Publishing Company. Theodore Roethke. “Elegy for Jane,” “The Waking” from The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke. Copyright © 1950, 1948 by Theodore Roethke. “The Geranium” from The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke. Copyright © 1963 by Beatrice Roethke, Adminis¬ tratrix of the Estate of Theodore Roethke. “My Papa’s Waltz” from The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke. Copyright 1942 by Hearst Magazines, Inc. All reprinted by permis¬ sion of Doubleday, a division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. Alane Rollings. “Because I Cannot Be Trusted” and “Light Years and the Love Lost in Oleanders” from Transparent Landscapes. Copyright © 1984 by Ion Books Inc. Reprinted by permission of Raccoon Books/St. Luke’s Press. Christina Rossetti. “An Easter Carol” from Our Holidays in Poetry, edited by Harrington and Thomas. Reprinted by permission of the H. W. Wilson Company. All rights reserved. Muriel Rukeyser. “Effort at Speech Between Two People” from Theory of Flight. Copyright © 1935 by Yale University Press, copyright © i960 by Muriel Rukeyser. Reprinted by permission of William L. Rukeyser. Vern Rutsala. “Words” from Walking Home From the Icehouse. Reprinted by permission of Carnegie-Mellon University Press. Eli Sagan. At the Dawn of Tyranny. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Mary Jo Salter. “On Removing Summer from the Public Gardens” from Henry Purcell in Japan. Copyright © 1984 by Mary Jo Salter. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Carl Sandburg. “A Fence” from Chicago Poems. Copyright 1916 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, renewed 1944 by Carl Sandburg. Excerpts from #45 and #46 in The People, Yes. Copyright 1936 by Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., renewed 1964 by Carl Sand¬ burg. All reprinted by permission of Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc. Ernest Sandeen. “A Late Twentieth-Century Prayer” from A Later Day, Another Year. Copyright © 1989 by the University of Notre Dame Press. Reprinted by permission. Sappho. “Leaving Crete, come visit again our temple,” “There’s a man I really believe’s in heaven.” From Sappho to Valery: Poems in Translation (Third Edition). By John Frederick Nims. University of Arkansas Press, 1990. Copyright © 1990 by John Frederick Nims. Schulz, Charles. “Peanuts” cartoons: “Not again? . . . You also missed the ball, Charlie Brown,” “Sometimes ...” Reprinted by permission of United Features Syndicate, Inc. Delmore Schwartz. “Seurat’s Sunday Afternoon Along the Seine” from Selected Poems: Summer Knowledge. Copyright © 1959 by Delmore Schwartz. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. E. William Seaman. “Higgledy-Piggledy, Ludwig Van Beethoven” from Jiggery-Pokery: A
630 • PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Compendium of Double Dactyls, edited by Anthony Hecht and John Hollander. Reprinted by permission of Anthony Hecht. Robert Service. “Inspiration” from The Best of Robert Service. Copyright © 1940 by Robert Service. Also from Songs of a Sun Lover. Copyright © 1949 by Robert Service. Reprinted by permission of The Putnam Publishing Group and William Krasilovsky. Karl Shapiro. “A Cut Flower,” “The Leg,” and “The Two-Year-Old Has Had a Motherless Week” from Selected Poems. Copyright © 1978 by Karl Shapiro. “Girls Working in Banks” from Esquire, June 1972. Copyright © 1972 by Karl Shapiro. All reprinted by permission of Wieser and Wieser, Inc., New York. Aleda Shirley. “Cant” from Poetry, July 1987. Copyright © 1987 by The Modern Poetry Association. Reprinted by permission of the Editor of Poetry and the author. Leslie Marmon Silko. “Prayer to the Pacific” from Storyteller. Copyright © 1981 by Leslie Marmon Silko. Reprinted by permission of Seaver Books, New York. Charles Simic. “Classic Ballroom Dances” from Classic Ballroom Dances. Copyright © 1980 by Charles Simic. “Fear” and “Fork” from Dismantling the Silence. Copyright © 1971 by Charles Simic. All reprinted by permission of George Braziller, Inc. Jim Simmerman. “Child’s Grave, Hale County, Alabama” from Once Out of Nature. Re¬ printed by permission of The Galileo Press, Ltd. L. E. Sissman. “In and Out: A Home Away From Home” from Hello, Darkness. Copyright © 1967 by L. E. Sissman. Reprinted by permission of Little, Brown and Company, in association with Atlantic Monthly Press. Stevie Smith. “Not Waving But Drowning” and “Our Bog Is Dood” from Collected Poems of Stevie Smith. Copyright © 1972 by Stevie Smith. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. W. D. Snodgrass. “Leaving the Motel” from After Experience. Reprinted by permission of the author. Gary Snyder. “An Autumn Morning in Shokoku-Ji” and “Oil” from The Back Country. Copyright © 1968 by Gary Snyder. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. “Bubbs Creek Haircut” from Six Sections from Mountains and Rivers Without End. Reprinted by permission of the author. “Prayer for the Great Family” from Turtle Island. Copyright © 1974 by Gary Snyder. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. Cathy Song. “Girl Powdering Her Neck” from Picture Bride. Reprinted by permission of Yale University Press. Gary Soto. “Oranges” from Black Hair. Copyright © 1985 by Gary Soto. Reprinted by permission of the University of Pittsburgh Press. Bernard Spencer. “Castanets” from Collected Poems. Reprinted by permission of Alan Ross Ltd. William Stafford. “Traveling Through the Dark” from Stories That Could Be True: New and Collected Poems. Copyright © i960 by William Stafford. Reprinted by permission of Harper & Row, Publishers. Timothy Steele. “At Will Rogers Beach” from Sapphics Against Anger. Copyright © 1986 by Timothy Steele. Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. Ralph Stephenson and Jean R. Debrix. Excerpt from The Cinema as Art, Penguin Books Revised Edition, 1989. Copyright © 1989 by Ralph Stephenson and Guy Phelps. Re¬ printed by permission of Penguin Books Ltd. Gerald Stern. The Dog from The Breadloaf Anthology of Contemporary American Poetry. Copyright © 1986 by Gerald Stern. Reprinted by permission of Gerald Stern. Wallace Stevens. “The Emperor of Ice-Cream,” “The Snow Man,” and “Sunday Morning” from Collected Poems. Copyright 1923 and renewed 1951 by Wallace Stevens. “A Postcard from the Volcano” Ibid. Copyright 1936 by Wallace Stevens and renewed 1964 by Holly Stevens. “The Sense of the Sleight-of-Hand Man” Ibid. Copyright 1942 by Wallace
PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • 631
Stevens and renewed 197° by Holly Stevens. All reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Mark Strand. “The Tunnel” from Reasons For Moving. Copyright © 1964 by Mark Strand. Where Are the Waters of Childhood” from The Late Hour. Copyright © 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978 by Mark Strand. Originally appeared in The New Yorker. Both reprinted by permission of Atheneum Publishers, an imprint of Macmillan Publishing Company. May Swenson. “Cat & the Weather” from New and Selected Things Taking Place. First appeared in The New Yorker. Copyright © 1963 by May Swenson. “Painting the Gate” from New and Selected Things Taking Place. Copyright © 1976 by May Swenson. “Strip¬ ping and Putting On” from The New Yorker, Oct. 22, 1990. Copyright © The Literary Estate of May Swenson. All of the above reprinted by permission of The Literary Estate of May Swenson. “A Nosty Fright” from In Other Words. Copyright © 1987 by May Swenson. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. James Tate. “Miss Cho Composes in the Cafeteria” from The Lost Pilot. Copyright © 1967 by James Tate. Reprinted by permission of the author. Rod Taylor. “Dakota: October, 1822: Hunkpapa Warrior” from Florida East Coast Cham¬ pions. Copyright © 1972 by Rod Taylor. Reprinted by permission of the author. Dylan Thomas. “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night” from Poems of Dylan Thomas. Copyright 1954 by the Trustees for the Copyrights of Dylan Thomas. “Fern Hill” and “In My Craft or Sullen Art” from Collected Poems. Copyright 1954 by the Trustees for the Copyrights of Dylan Thomas. Copyright 1952 by Dylan Thomas. All of the above reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation and David Higham Associates. Excerpt from Modem Poets on Modem Poetry by James Scully, first published in “Notes on the Art of Poetry,” Texas Quarterly. Copyright © 1961 by the Trustees of the Estate of Dylan Thomas. Reprinted by permission of Harold Ober Associates Inc. Jean Toomer. “Reapers” from Cane. Copyright 1923 by Boni & Liveright. Copyright renewed 1951 by Jean Toomer. Reprinted by permission of Liveright Publishing Cor¬ poration. Gail Tremblay. “Indian Singing in 20th Century America” from A Nation Within (Outrigger Press, 1983) and Indian Singing in 20th Century America (Calyx Books, Corvallis, Oregon, 1990). “It Is Important” from Indian Singing in 20th Century American (Calyx Books, Corvallis, OR, 1990) and Dancing on the Rim of the World: An Anthology of Contemporary Northwest Native American Writing (Sun Tracks, University of Arizona, Tuscon, 1990). “Not Sense” from Indian Singing in 20th Century America. “To Grandmother on Her Going” from Harper’s Anthology of 20th Century Native American Poetry (Harper & Row) and Talking to the Grandfathers (Annex 21, #3, University of Nebraska, Omaha, 1981). All reprinted by permission of Gail Tremblay. John Updike. “The Dance of the Solids” from Midpoint and Other Poems. Copyright © 1968 by John Updike. “Player Piano” from The Carpentered Hen and Other Tame Crea¬ tures. Copyright 1954 by John Updike. Both reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Mona Van Duyn. “Sonnet for Minimalists” from Near Changes. Copyright © 1990 by Mona Van Duyn. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Peter Viereck. “To Helen of Troy (N.Y.)” from New and Selected Poems. Published by University Microfilms, Ann Arbor. Previously published as “The Lyricism of the Weak” in Critical Inquiry, Vol. 5, no. 2, Winter, 1972. Copyright © 1967 by Peter Viereck. Reprinted by permission of the author. Francois Villon. “Ballade to His Mistress,” translated by Norman Cameron. Reprinted by permission of the Estate of Norman Cameron and Jonathan Cape. Ellen Bryant Voigt. “The Farmer” from The Lotus Flowers. Reprinted by permission of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. David Wagoner. “Meeting A Bear” from Travelling Light. Copyright © 1976 by David
632 • PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Wagoner. Reprinted by permission of Graywolf Press, St. Paul. “The Other Side of the Mountain” from Collected Poems 7956-/976. Reprinted by permission of the author. Derek Walcott. Excerpt from Omeros. Copyright © 1990 by Derek Walcott. “Tropic Zone’ from Midsummer. Copyright © 1984 by Derek Walcott. “The Villa Restaurant” from The Arkansas Testament. Copyright © 1987 by Derek Walcott. All reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc. Alice Walker. “Even As I Hold You” and “Good Night, Willie Lee, I’ll See You In the Morning” from Good Night, Willie Lee, I’ll See You In the Morning. Copyright © 1975 5 1979 by Alice Walker. Reprinted by permission of Doubleday, a division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. Jeanne Murray Walker. “Studying Physics With My Daughter” from Coming Into History. Copyright © 1990 by Jeanne Murray Walker. Reprinted by permission of the author. Watterson, Bill. “Calvin & Hobbes” cartoons copyright 1989 and 1990 Universal Press Syndicate. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved. Roberta Hill Whiteman. “For Heather, Entering Kindergarten” from Star Quilt. Copyright © 1984 by Roberta Hill Whiteman. Reprinted by permission of the author. Richard Wilbur. “The Catch” and “Hamlen Brook” from New and Collected Poems. Copy¬ right © 1988 by Richard Wilbur. “Junk” from Advice to a Prophet and Other Poems. Copyright © 1961 and renewed 1989 by Richard Wilbur. “Sleepless at Crown Point” from The Mind Reader: New Poems. Copyright © 1973 by Richard Wilbur. All of the above reprinted by permission of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. Some Atrocities. Re¬ printed by permission of the author. C. K. Williams. “Tar” from Poems, 1963-1973. Copyright © 1988 by C. K. Williams. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc. Emmett Williams. “Like Attracts Like” from An Anthology of Concrete Poetry, edited by Emmett Williams. Copyright © 1967 Something Else Press. John Williams. “On Reading Aloud My Early Poems” first appeared in Western Wind 2nd edition. Miller Williams. “A Poem for Emily” from Imperfect Love. Copyright © 1986 by Miller Williams. Reprinted by permission of Louisiana State University Press. William Carlos Williams. “Asphodel, That Greeney Flower,” “The Dance,” “The De¬ scent,” and “Iris” from Collected Later Poems of William Carlos Williams, 1939-1963, vol. II. Copyright © 1944, 1948, 1962 by William Carlos Williams. “The Red Wheelbarrow” and “To Waken an Old Lady” from Collected Earlier Poems of William Carlos Williams, 1909-1939, vol. I. Copyright 1938 by New Directions Publishing Corporation. All re¬ printed by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. James Wright. “Autumn Begins in Martin’s Ferry, Ohio” from Above the River: The Complete Poems. Copyright © 1990 by Anne Wright. Introduction © 1990 by Donald Hall. A Wesleyan University Press Edition. “A Song for the Middle of the Night” and “Speak” from Collected Poems. Copyright © 1971 by James Wright. All reprinted by permission of Wesleyan University Press and University Press of New England. Eleanor Wylie. “Golden Bough” from Collected Poems. Copyright 1932 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., renewed i960 by Edwina C. Rubinstein. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. William Butler Yeats. “Adam’s Curse,” “The Cold Heaven,” “He Remembers Forgotten Beauty,” “The Lover Mourns for the Loss of Love,” “No Second Troy” from The Poems ofW. B. Yeats: A New Edition, ed. Richard J. Finneran. “Among School Children” Ibid. Copyright 1928 by Macmillan Publishing Company, renewed 1956 by Bertha Georgie Yeats. “An Irish Airman Foresees His Death” Ibid. Copyright 1919 by Macmillan Publishing Company, renewed 1947 by Bertha Georgie Yeats. “A Last Confession” Ibid. Copyright 1933 by Macmillan Publishing Company, renewed 1961 by Bertha Georgie
PERMISSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • 633
Yeats. “Leda and the Swan” Ibid. Copyright 1928 by Macmillan Publishing Company, renewed 1956 by Bertha Georgie Yeats. “Sailing to Byzantium” Ibid. Copyright 1928 by Macmillan Publishing Company, renewed 1956 by Bertha Georgie Yeats. “The Second Coming Ibid. Copyright 1924 by Macmillan Publishing Company, renewed 1952 by Bertha Georgie Yeats. “The Spur,” “The Statues,” and “Under Ben Bulben” Ibid. Copyright 1940 by Georgie Yeats, renewed 1968 by Bertha Georgie Yeats, Michael Butler Yeats, and Anne Yeats. “The Lamentation of the Old Pensioner” (1925 version) from The Variorum Edition of the Poems ofW. B. Yeats, ed. Peter Allt and Russell K. Alspach. All reprinted by permission of Macmillan Publishing Company.
PHOTO CREDITS
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Edwin Gross AP/Wide World Photos The frame is from the map, “The World” by John Speed, 1627, reproduced by Rand McNally from a printed map in the Library of Congress Albrecht Diirer, German, 1471-1528, “The Knight, Death and the Devil,” engraving, 1513, 24.4 x 18.8 cm (plate), The Clarence Buckingham Collection, 1938.1449, The Art Institute of Chicago From Charles Darwin, “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals,” No. 2, Plate V, University of Chicago Press, 1965, © 1872 American Museum of Natural History Topham/The Image Works Scala/Art Resource The Bettmann Archive Robert A. Ross/E. R. Degginer Statue of Diadoumenos, Roman copy of Greek original, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1915 From “Snow Crystals” by W. A. Bentley and W. H. Humphreys The Illustrated London Times, The Library Company of Philadelphia Fogg Art Museum, Harvard Berg Collection, New York Public Library University of Connecticut The British Library Verlag Berninger & Pampaluchi, Zoological Gardens, Zurich
ISBN
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Cover painting: The Wind by Hans Hofmann Collection, University Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley Gift of the Artist
9780070465749 2016-02-05 9:51