Wenn Kunst behindert wird: Zur Rezeption von Werken geistig behinderter Künstlerinnen und Künstler in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland [1. Aufl.] 9783839420119

Was haben die Hamburger und die Mainzer Kunsthalle gemeinsam? Beides sind Orte, an denen Werke von Künstler_innen gezeig

210 82 8MB

German Pages 558 Year 2014

Table of contents :
Inhalt
I „Das hätte ich nicht besser malen können.“
Einleitung
1 Im Entstehen begriffen – Zum Forschungsstand
2 Weil Kunst behindert wird – Untersuchungs gegenstand, Methoden und Grundthesen
3 Normalismustheorien, Behinderung und Kunst
4 Begrifflichkeiten
4.1 Kunst von KünstlerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung
4.2 Kunst von KünstlerInnen mit psychischer Störung
4.3 Art Brut
4.4 Outsider Art
II Kunst und Subjekt konstruktionen von KünstlerInnen mit psychischer Störung und mit geistiger Behinderung vom 18. Jahrhundert bis heute
1 …dass es sie nicht gegeben hätte – Rezeptionsgeschichte von Kunst hospitalisierter UrheberInnen bis 1945
2 Beginn einer Trennung – Geschichte und Rezeption von KünstlerInnen mit psychischer Störung und geistiger Behinderung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
3 Die Macht der Subjektkonstruktion – Die Auswirkungen von Intelligenz- und Kreativitätsmodellen seit den 1960er-Jahren
III Ausgewählte KünstlerInnen, Kunstgruppen und -projekte
1 Elf KünstlerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung
1.1 Adolf Beutler – Ebenen aus Linien und Zeichen
1.2 Angelika Bienst – Konstellationen
1.3 Gisela Doermer – Menschen
1.4 Hans-Jörg Georgi – Von Flugzeugen und anderen Geschichten
1.5 Stefan Häfner – Lebensträume, Lebensräume
1.6 Rosemarie Hübner – Gegenstand und Farbe
1.7 Karl-Ulrich Iden – Ein Allround-Künstler
1.8 Martin Udo Koch – Denkmäler
1.9 Uschi Pomp – Farbspuren
1.10 Christa Sauer – Kreise
1.11 Jürgen Welker – Fotografische Ein- und Ausblicke
2 Kreative Werkstatt Stetten – Der Beginn der Kunstwerkstätten
2.1 Konzeption und Geschichte der Kreativen Werkstatt
2.2 Kunstausstellungen als Aufklärungsarbeit – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Kreativen Werkstatt
2.3 Kunstwerkstatt als Thema – auf Kosten der KünstlerInnen?
2.4 „Die Künstler sind da“ – Die Anwesenheit der KünstlerInnen bei Veranstaltungen
2.5 Gemeinsam stark? – Verflechtungen in der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und die Gefahr von Funktionalisierungen
2.6 Positiv überrascht – Subjektkonstruktion und Rezeption
2.7 Kunststatus versus kunst- und heilpädagogische Ausrichtung
3 Die Schlumper in Hamburg
3.1 Konzeption und Geschichte der Schlumper
3.2 Die Schlumper als Marke – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Schlumper
3.3 Konflikte der Schlumper mit den Wohngruppen und den Alsterdorfer Anstalten
3.4 ‚Starke Typen‘ – Subjektkonstruktion der Schlumper
3.5 Einmal Francis Bacons Nachbar sein − Kunst- und KünstlerInnenstatus
4 Der euward in München – Europäischer Kunstpreis Malerei und Grafik von KünstlerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung
4.1 Konzeption und Geschichte des euward
4.2 Bis ins Haus der Kunst – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit des euward
4.3 Lausanne in München? Der euward auf dem Weg zur Kanon gebenden Institution
4.4 Positionsbestimmung – Der euward und sein Bezug zu anderen Kunstkategorien
4.5 Geistig behindert, preisgekrönt – Die Subjektkonstruktion der PreisträgerInnen
4.6 Dezidierter Kunst- und KünstlerInnenstatus – Die Etablierung und Integrationsfähigkeit des euward
5 Das Atelier Goldstein in Frankfurt am Main
5.1 Konzeption und Geschichte des Ateliers Goldstein
5.2 Auf der Suche nach der Elite – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit des Ateliers Goldstein
5.3 Reine Formsache? – Formale und inhaltliche Zuschreibungen
5.4 Innovation und Integration – Die stringent präsentierte Subjektkonstruktion des Ateliers Goldstein
5.5 Ach wie gut, dass niemand weiß … − Einmal ein nichtbehinderter Künstler sein
6 Johann Hauser – ein Künstler aus Gugging
6.1 Johann Hauser – der ‚Star‘ der Künstler aus Gugging?
6.2 Konzeption und Geschichte der Künstler aus Gugging
6.3 ‚Netzwerken‘ ist Trumpf – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Künstler aus Gugging
6.4 Johann Hauser als Exempel „Zustandsgebundener Kunst“
6.5 Hauser und die „geisteskranken Künstler“ aus Gugging
6.6 In den Kunstkanon aufgenommen. Aber wie? – Die Frage nach der gleichberechtigten Rezeption von Johann Hauser
7 Die Multiple Autorenschaft
7.1 Gemeinschaftliche Formen von Autorenschaft
7.2 Konzeption und Geschichte der Kunstwerkstatt Lienz
7.3 Die Arbeitsweise von Irene und Christine Hohenbüchler
7.4 Die Selbstpräsentation der Multiplen Autorenschaft
7.5 Inklusion oder Exklusion? – Die Rezeption der Multiplen Autorenschaft auf der documenta X
8 Kurzer Überblick über die Konzepte weiterer Kunstgruppen und Projekte
IV Präsentation und Rezeption von Kunst geistig behinderter KünstlerInnen
1 Vielfältige Ansätze, gleiche Reaktionen – Die Homogenisierung und die Brüche in der Rezeption
2 Kunst als Plattform für Anerkennung und Integration?
3 Zuschreiben, Festschreiben, Abschreiben?– Kunst geistig behinderter KünstlerInnen und ihre Zuschreibungen
3.1 Einfalt oder Vielfalt? − Formale Zuschreibungen
3.2 Inhaltliche Charakterisierungen und Lesarten von Kunst geistig behinderter KünstlerInnen
3.3 Zuschreibungen von Ahistorizität, Ursprünglichkeit und Authentizität
4 „Die Liebe zur Kategorie ist weit verbreitet“ − Kunstkategorien und ihre Auswirkungen
4.1 Art Brut – Die unhinterfragte Kunstkategorie?
4.2 Outsider Art – Eine Kunstkategorie auf Identitätssuche
4.3 Zuordnungskontexte und ihre Effekte
5 Subjektkonstruktionen von KünstlerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung
6 Kunstbegriff, Kunst- und KünstlerInnenstatus – Die Statusdebatte über Kunst geistig behinderter KünstlerInnen
7 Internationaler Vergleich: Alles ‚anders‘?
7.1 Kunst von KünstlerInnen und DarstellerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung in den Niederlanden
7.2 CREAHM und Art en Marge in Belgien
7.3 Judith Scott – Die Rezeption einer US-amerikanischen Künstlerin
V Wenn Kunst be-/enthindert wird
Resümee
VI Anhang
Literatur- und Filmverzeichnis
Gesprächsverzeichnis
Medienverzeichnis zur Rezeption einzelner Kunstgruppen und -projekte
Bildnachweis
Abkürzungsverzeichnis

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Wenn Kunst behindert wird: Zur Rezeption von Werken geistig behinderter Künstlerinnen und Künstler in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland [1. Aufl.]
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Viola Luz Wenn Kunst behindert wird

Image | Band 34

Viola Luz, Grafikdesignerin und Kunsthistorikerin, hat an der PhilippsUniversität Marburg promoviert.

Viola Luz

Wenn Kunst behindert wird Zur Rezeption von Werken geistig behinderter Künstlerinnen und Künstler in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Zugleich die leicht überarbeitete Fassung der Dissertation »Wenn Kunst behindert wird. Kunst geistig behinderter KünstlerInnen und ihre Rezeption in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland« des Fachbereichs 9 Germanistik und Kunstwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg. (Tag der Disputation 23. August 2010)

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2012 transcript Verlag, Bielefeld

Die Verwertung der Texte und Bilder ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages urheberrechtswidrig und strafbar. Das gilt auch für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und für die Verarbeitung mit elektronischen Systemen. Umschlaggestaltung: Viola Luz Umschlagabbildung: Stefan Häfner: Die Zukunftsstadt, Fotografie: Melanie Schmitt Lektorat & Satz: Viola Luz Druck: Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH, Wetzlar ISBN 978-3-8376-2011-5 Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier mit chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff. Besuchen Sie uns im Internet: http://www.transcript-verlag.de Bitte fordern Sie unser Gesamtverzeichnis und andere Broschüren an unter: [email protected]

Inhalt

I

„Das hätte ich nicht besser malen können.“ Einleitung | 13 1 Im Entstehen begriffen – Zum Forschungsstand | 17 2 Weil Kunst behindert wird – Untersuchungsgegenstand, Methoden und Grundthesen | 23 3 Normalismustheorien, Behinderung und Kunst | 39 4 Begrifflichkeiten | 45 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

Kunst von KünstlerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung | 45 Kunst von KünstlerInnen mit psychischer Störung | 48 Art Brut | 50 Outsider Art | 51

II Kunst und Subjektkonstruktionen von KünstlerInnen mit psychischer Störung und mit geistiger Behinderung vom 18. Jahrhundert bis heute 1 … dass es sie nicht gegeben hätte – Rezeptionsgeschichte von Kunst hospitalisierter UrheberInnen bis 1945 | 57 2 Beginn einer Trennung – Geschichte und Rezeption von KünstlerInnen mit psychischer Störung und geistiger Behinderung nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg | 93 3 Die Macht der Subjektkonstruktion – Die Auswirkungen von Intelligenz- und Kreativitätsmodellen seit den 1960er-Jahren | 107

III Ausgewählte KünstlerInnen, Kunstgruppen und -projekte 1 Elf KünstlerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung | 121 1.1 1.2 1. 3 1. 4 1.5 1. 6 1.7 1. 8 1. 9 1.10 1.11

Adolf Beutler – Ebenen aus Linien und Zeichen | 121 Angelika Bienst – Konstellationen | 124 Gisela Doermer – Menschen | 128 Hans-Jörg Georgi – Von Flugzeugen und anderen Geschichten | 134 Stefan Häfner – Lebensträume, Lebensräume | 135 Rosemarie Hübner – Gegenstand und Farbe | 139 Karl-Ulrich Iden – Ein Allround-Künstler | 142 Martin Udo Koch – Denkmäler | 148 Uschi Pomp – Farbspuren | 149 Christa Sauer – Kreise | 152 Jürgen Welker – Fotografische Ein- und Ausblicke | 156

2 Kreative Werkstatt Stetten – Der Beginn der Kunstwerkstätten | 161 2.1 Konzeption und Geschichte der Kreativen Werkstatt | 161 2. 2 Kunstausstellungen als Aufklärungsarbeit – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Kreativen Werkstatt | 164 2.3 Kunstwerkstatt als Thema – auf Kosten der KünstlerInnen? | 166 2.4 „Die Künstler sind da“ – Die Anwesenheit der KünstlerInnen bei Veranstaltungen | 168 2.5 Gemeinsam stark? – Verflechtungen in der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und die Gefahr von Funktionalisierungen | 169 2.6 Positiv überrascht – Subjektkonstruktion und Rezeption | 172 2.7 Kunststatus versus kunst- und heilpädagogische Ausrichtung | 177

3 Die Schlumper in Hamburg | 181 3.1 3. 2 3. 3 3.4 3.5

Konzeption und Geschichte der Schlumper | 181 Die Schlumper als Marke – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Schlumper | 185 Konflikte der Schlumper mit den Wohngruppen und den Alsterdorfer Anstalten | 189 ‚Starke Typen‘ – Subjektkonstruktion der Schlumper | 192 Einmal Francis Bacons Nachbar sein − Kunst- und KünstlerInnenstatus | 197

4 Der euward in München – Europäischer Kunstpreis Malerei und Grafik von KünstlerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung | 203 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

Konzeption und Geschichte des euward | 203 Bis ins Haus der Kunst – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit des euward | 206 Lausanne in München? Der euward auf dem Weg zur Kanon gebenden Institution | 211 Positionsbestimmung – Der euward und sein Bezug zu anderen Kunstkategorien | 213 Geistig behindert, preisgekrönt – Die Subjektkonstruktion der PreisträgerInnen | 217 Dezidierter Kunst- und KünstlerInnenstatus – Die Etablierung und Integrationsfähigkeit des euward | 222

5 Das Atelier Goldstein in Frankfurt am Main | 225 5.1 5. 2 5. 3 5.4

Konzeption und Geschichte des Ateliers Goldstein | 226 Auf der Suche nach der Elite – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit des Ateliers Goldstein | 228 Reine Formsache? – Formale und inhaltliche Zuschreibungen | 232 Innovation und Integration – Die stringent präsentierte Subjektkonstruktion des Ateliers Goldstein | 237 5.5 Ach wie gut, dass niemand weiß … − Einmal ein nichtbehinderter Künstler sein | 241

6 Johann Hauser – ein Künstler aus Gugging | 247 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

Johann Hauser – der ‚Star‘ der Künstler aus Gugging? | 248 Konzeption und Geschichte der Künstler aus Gugging | 252 ‚Netzwerken‘ ist Trumpf – Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Künstler aus Gugging | 255 Johann Hauser als Exempel „Zustandsgebundener Kunst“ | 258 Hauser und die „geisteskranken Künstler“ aus Gugging | 261 In den Kunstkanon aufgenommen. Aber wie? – Die Frage nach der gleichberechtigten Rezeption von Johann Hauser | 264

7 Die Multiple Autorenschaft | 269 7.1 7.2 7. 3 7.4 7. 5

Gemeinschaftliche Formen von Autorenschaft | 269 Konzeption und Geschichte der Kunstwerkstatt Lienz | 270 Die Arbeitsweise von Irene und Christine Hohenbüchler | 272 Die Selbstpräsentation der Multiplen Autorenschaft | 273 Inklusion oder Exklusion? – Die Rezeption der Multiplen Autorenschaft auf der documenta X | 278

8 Kurzer Überblick über die Konzepte weiterer Kunstgruppen und Projekte | 285

IV Präsentation und Rezeption von Kunst geistig behinderter KünstlerInnen 1 Vielfältige Ansätze, gleiche Reaktionen – Die Homogenisierung und die Brüche in der Rezeption | 295 2 Kunst als Plattform für Anerkennung und Integration? | 305 3 Zuschreiben, Festschreiben, Abschreiben?– Kunst geistig behinderter KünstlerInnen und ihre Zuschreibungen | 319 3.1 Einfalt oder Vielfalt? − Formale Zuschreibungen | 320 3.2 Inhaltliche Charakterisierungen und Lesarten von Kunst geistig behinderter KünstlerInnen | 328 3.3 Zuschreibungen von Ahistorizität, Ursprünglichkeit und Authentizität | 333

4 „Die Liebe zur Kategorie ist weit verbreitet“ − Kunstkategorien und ihre Auswirkungen | 351 4.1 Art Brut – Die unhinterfragte Kunstkategorie? | 355 4.2 Outsider Art – Eine Kunstkategorie auf Identitätssuche | 363 4.3 Zuordnungskontexte und ihre Effekte | 367

5 Subjektkonstruktionen von KünstlerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung | 373 6 Kunstbegriff, Kunst- und KünstlerInnenstatus – Die Statusdebatte über Kunst geistig behinderter KünstlerInnen | 385 7 Internationaler Vergleich: Alles ‚anders‘? | 421 7.1 Kunst von KünstlerInnen und DarstellerInnen mit geistiger Behinderung in den Niederlanden | 422 7.2 CREAHM und Art en Marge in Belgien | 425 7. 3 Judith Scott – Die Rezeption einer US-amerikanischen Künstlerin | 430

V Wenn Kunst be-/enthindert wird Resümee | 441

VI Anhang Literatur- und Filmverzeichnis | 457 Gesprächsverzeichnis | 505 Medienverzeichnis zur Rezeption einzelner Kunstgruppen und -projekte | 507 Bildnachweis | 551 Abkürzungsverzeichnis | 553

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I „Das hätte ich nicht besser malen können.“

Einleitung

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Abb. 4: Seite aus dem Katalog der Wanderausstellung „Entartete Kunst“ (München 1937) mit einem Vergleich von Karl Genzels „Mädchenkopf“ (1912/1913) und Eugens Hoffmanns „Mädchen mit blauem Haar“.

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1.1 Adolf Beutler – Ebenen aus Linien und Zeichen 'HULQ%HUOLQJHERUHQH$GROI%HXWOHUEHJDQQVHLQHNQVWOHULVFKH7lWLJNHLWXQ EHPHUNWYRQVHLQHU8PJHEXQJ'LH:HUNHGLHZlKUHQGVHLQHUMDKU]HKQWHODQJHQ+RV SLWDOLVLHUXQJLQHLQHUSV\FKLDWULVFKHQ(LQULFKWXQJHQWVWDQGHQZDUHQZXUGHQHUVWEHL VHLQHP$XV]XJ LQ GHQ 6FKXEODGHQ VHLQHU 0|EHO HQWGHFNW 6HLW DUEHLWHW HU LP 5DKPHQGHU.XQVWZHUNVWDWWGHU0RVDLN:HUNVWlWWHQIU%HKLQGHUWHJ*PE+%HUOLQDQ VHLQHQ=HLFKQXQJHQGLHHUPLW%XQW%OHLXQG)LO]VWLIWHQDXVIKUW%HXWOHUHQWZLFNHOW HLQHQPLW.OHEHEDQGDXIHLQHP$UEHLWVJUXQG¿[LHUWHQ%RJHQ3DSLHURGHUGDVDOV%LOG WUlJHUYHUZHQGHWH+RO]EHU0RQDWHKLQZHJ1DFKGHPHUEXFKVWDEHQDUWLJH*HVWDO WXQJVHOHPHQWHVHW]WXQGGDV)RUPDWLQ(LQKHLWHQVWUXNWXULHUWIROJWGLH$XVJHVWDOWXQJ GXUFK]XQHKPHQGNRPSOH[HUZHUGHQGH/LQLHQJHÀHFKWH6LHHULQQHUQLQLKUHUGLFKWH VWHQ)RUPDQ6FKUDIIXUHQ%HXWOHUOlVVWMHQDFK%HDUEHLWXQJVJUDG$UWGHU=HLFKHQVHW ]XQJXQG)DUEJHEXQJXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH%LOGEHUHLFKHHQWVWHKHQ6RZRKO)OlFKHQGLH QXUYRQZHQLJHQ/LQLHQGXUFK]RJHQZHUGHQXQGGDPLWHLQHYLVXHOOH(LQKHLWELOGHQDOV DXFK%LOGWHLOHGLHPLWGLFKWHQ/LQLHQXQG=HLFKHQZLHHLQHUDKPHQGH6WUXNWXURGHU DXÀRFNHUQGH $N]HQWHIXQJLHUHQ %HXWOHU ]HLFKQHW ]HLWJOHLFK DQ YHUVFKLHGHQHQ %LOGHUQ 'DGXUFK GDVV HU VHLQHQ $UEHLWVSODW]XQGGRUWDUUDQJLHUWH2EMHNWHZLH]XP%HLVSLHO8QWHUODJHQ6WDIIHOHLHQ 7lIHOFKHQVRZLHDOV%ULHIEHVFKZHUHUYHUZHQGHWH+RO]NO|W]HPLW/LQLHQXQG=HLFKHQ EHU]LHKWNDQQGDV(QVHPEOHDXFKDOVVWlQGLJVLFKYHUlQGHUQGH,QVWDOODWLRQEHWUDFKWHW ZHUGHQ'HVKDOEZLUGZLHEHL8VFKL3RPSRIWPDOVGDV:HUNPLWGHUGD]XJHK|ULJHQ =HLFKHQXQWHUODJHDXVJHVWHOOW'LH$UEHLWHQ$GROI%HXWOHUVVLQGDXFKLQ$XVVWHOOXQJHQ XQDEKlQJLJYRQGHU%HUOLQHU.XQVWZHUNVWDWWSUlVHQWZLHEHLVSLHOVZHLVHLQGHU3UHLV WUlJHUDXVVWHOOXQJ GHV HXZDUG GHU 6FKDX JHLVWLJ EHKLQGHUWHU .QVWOHU,QQHQ

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Abb. 5: Adolf Beutler: Ohne Titel, 1997-1999, Buntstift, Filzstift auf Papier auf Holzplatte, 77 x 117 cm, Kunstwerkstatt der Mosaik WfB gGmbH.

Abb. 6: Adolf Beutler: Ohne Titel, 2002/2001, Buntstift, Filzstift auf Holzplatte, 43,5 x 78 cm, Kunstwerkstatt der Mosaik WfB gGmbH.

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Abb. 10: Gisela Doermer: Ohne Titel X, 2000, Acryl, Buntstift auf Papier, 43 x 63 cm, Privatbesitz.

Abb. 11: Gisela Doermer: Ohne Titel IX, 2001, Tusche auf Acryl auf Papier, 43 x 60,5 cm, Privatbesitz.

Abb. 12: Hans-Jörg Georgi: Transporter, 2004, Pappe, 100 x 100 x 25 cm.

Abb. 13: Hans-Jörg Georgi: o.T., 2007, Tusche auf Leinwand, 130 x 140 cm.

Abb. 14: Hans-Jörg Georgi: Skizzenbuch, 2000, Bleistift auf Papier, 29,7 x 21 cm.

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1.5 Stefan Häfner – Lebensträume, Lebensräume „In meiner Stadt leben die Leute gerne, weil es alles gibt.“17 (Stefan Häfner)

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Abb. 15-17 (Seite 136-138): Stefan Häfner: Die Zukunftsstadt, 2001-2005, Pappe, Holz, Kunststofffolie, Plastikhalme, Farbe, Glühlämpchen, Drähte, Modellbäume, diverse Größen, Deutsches Architektur Museum (Frankfurt am Main). Fotografien der Innenansichten: Melanie Schmitt.

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1.6 Rosemarie Hübner – Gegenstand und Farbe 3DVWHOOgONUHLGHXQG3DSLHUVLQG5RVHPDULH+EQHUVEHYRU]XJWH$UEHLWVPDWHULDOLHQ 'LH LQ 6LQVKHLP JHERUHQH .QVWOHULQ LVW VHLW LQ GHU .UDLFKJDXHU .XQVW ZHUNVWDWWWlWLJ0LWLKUHPJHJHQVWlQGOLFKHQIDUELJHQXQGRIWPDOVDOVÃQDLYµEH]HLFK QHWHQ 6WLO XQG LKUHQ DXV GHP$OOWDJ HQWQRPPHQHQ7KHPHQ GUIWH +EQHU IU YLHOH 5H]LSLHQW,QQHQDOVÃW\SLVFKHµ.QVWOHULQPLWJHLVWLJHU%HKLQGHUXQJJHOWHQ1DFKHLQHU 9RU]HLFKQXQJPLW%OHLVWLIWIKUW5RVHPDULH+EQHULKU%LOGLQ)DUEHDXVXQGYHUVWlUNW DEVFKOLHHQGPLWHLQHPZHLFKHQ%OHLVWLIWGLH.RQWXUHQ'HU+LQWHUJUXQGLVWGDEHLHLQ IDUELJRGHULQZHQLJHQ)DUEW|QHQJHKDOWHQYRQGHPVLFKGDV%LOGJHVFKHKHQDEKHEW ,KUH.XQVWZHUNHDUEHLWHQPLWHLQHUSUlJQDQWHQXQGUHGX]LHUWHQ)RUPJHEXQJ+EQHU JUHLIWHLQ]HOQH(OHPHQWHLQQHUKDOEHLQHV%LOGHVZLHGHUKROWDXIRGHUEHUWUlJWHLQVSH ]LHOOHV 'DUVWHOOXQJVSULQ]LS DXI XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH %LOGJHJHQVWlQGH 'LHVH 9RUJHKHQV ZHLVHQ ELOGHQ HLQHQ ]HQWUDOHQ$VSHNW LKUHU .RPSRVLWLRQ ,QGHP +EQHU EHVWLPPWH )RUPHQLQXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHU*U|HHLQVHW]WHUUHLFKWVLHVSDQQXQJVYROOH%H]JHGHU (OHPHQWHXQWHUHLQDQGHU'LHVHP=LHOIROJWDXFKGLH)DUEJHEXQJGHU.QVWOHULQEHLGHU VLHDXIHLQHDXVJHZRJHQHZLHDN]HQWXLHUWH9HUWHLOXQJXQG*HZLFKWXQJGHUHLQ]HOQHQ )DUEHQDFKWHW+EQHUV:HUNHHUVFKHLQHQDXIGHQHUVWHQ%OLFNHLQHUIURQWDOHQXQGÀl FKLJHQ'DUVWHOOXQJVZHLVHYHUSÀLFKWHW'XUFK*U|HQXQWHUVFKLHGHXQGGHP6WLOPLWWHO GHUhEHUVFKQHLGXQJHQWZLFNHOWGLH.QVWOHULQMHGRFKHLQHYLHOVFKLFKWLJH5lXPOLFKNHLW LKUHU$UEHLWHQ 'LH %LOGHU 5RVHPDULH +EQHUV VLQG EHVRQGHUV LQ$XVVWHOOXQJHQ GHU .UDLFKJDXHU .XQVWZHUNVWDWW UHJLRQDO DEHU DXFK GHXWVFKODQGZHLW SUlVHQW VHLW ELVZHLOHQVRJDULQWHUQDWLRQDO,P-DKUEHWHLOLJWHVLFK+EQHUXQWHUDQGHUHPDQ GHQ$XVVWHOOXQJHQÄ1DVHQULHFKHQ7XOSHQ³XQGÄWDNHRII³

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Abb. 18: Rosemarie Hübner: Frühling, 2003, Bleistift, Pastell-Ölkreide auf Papier, 47 x 67 cm, Sammlung Würth.

Abb. 19: Rosemarie Hübner: Pfau, 2003, Bleistift, Pastell-Ölkreide auf Papier, 48 x 68 cm, Sammlung Würth.

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1.7 Karl-Ulrich Iden – Ein Allround-Künstler 'HU LQ YLHOHQ *DWWXQJHQ WlWLJH .QVWOHU .DUO8OULFK ,GHQ ZXUGH LQ +DPEXUJ JHERUHQXQGEHJDQQQDFKGHP7RGVHLQHV9DWHUVNQVWOHULVFK]XDUEHLWHQ0LW *HJHQVWlQGHQXQG0RGHOOHQGLHHUDXV/HJRVWHLQHQKHUVWHOOWHJHVWDOWHWH,GHQLQ]ZHL 5lXPHQGHUHOWHUOLFKHQ:RKQXQJJOHLFKZLHLP*DUWHQ,QVWDOODWLRQHQXQGOXG]XYHU VFKLHGHQHQ9HUDQVWDOWXQJHQHLQ9LHU-DKUHYRUVHLQHU0LWJOLHGVFKDIWEHLGHU+DP EXUJHU *UXSSH Ä'LH 6FKOXPSHU³ LP -DKU ¿QJ HU LP$OWHQKHLP$OVWHUEHUJ DQ ]X PDOHQ XQG ]X ]HLFKQHQ 1HEHQ VHLQHU 0DOHUHL XQWHU DQGHUHP LQ 0LVFKWHFKQLN IHUWLJW,GHQPLW2EMHNWHQ%HPDOXQJHQXQG%HVFKULIWXQJHQ$VVHPEODJHQXQG,QVWDOOD WLRQHQHQWZLFNHOW%KQHQELOGHUHQWZLUIW.RVWPHXQGJHVWDOWHW$XIIKUXQJHQVRZLH ,QV]HQLHUXQJHQ(LQZLFKWLJHV:HUNVWHOOW,GHQV%HLWUDJGDUGHQHULP.RQWH[WHLQHU *UXSSHQDXVVWHOOXQJLQGHU.XOWXUEUDXHUHL%HUOLQUHDOLVLHUWH6HLQPLW5HTXLVLWHQ JHIOOWHVÄ1DUUHQVFKLII³ZDUVRZRKO,QVWDOODWLRQDOVDXFK$XIIKUXQJVRUWVHLQHU3HU IRUPDQFHEHLGHUHUDOVÃ1DUUµYHUNOHLGHW/LHGHUYRQ+DQV$OEHUVVDQJ ,Q ,GHQV RIWPDOV JURIRUPDWLJHQ *HPlOGHQ DXI GHQHQ 6FKULIW HLQH EHVRQGHUH 5ROOHVSLHOWVLQGQHEHQ/LQLHXQG.RQWXUVWDUNH)DUENRQWUDVWHVWLOELOGHQGH0HUNPD OH6RYLHOIlOWLJZLHVHLQIRUPDOHUYHUEDOHUXQGGDUVWHOOHULVFKHU$XVGUXFNVLQGDXFK VHLQH 7KHPHQ 0LW VHLQHP .QVWOHUVHOEVWYHUVWlQGQLV VHW]W VLFK ,GHQ LQ :HUNHQ ZLH Ä6FKOXPSHU&KURQRORJLH³RGHUÄ5FNEOLFNDXI-DKUH,GHQDOV6FKOXPSHUYRQ%H UXI³DXVHLQDQGHU,QGHUOHW]WHUHQ$UEHLWYHUELQGHW,GHQ%LOGHU%HJHJQXQJHQNQVWOH ULVFKHQ3URGXNWLRQVSUR]HVV$NWLRQHQ$XVVWHOOXQJHQXQG$VSHNWHZLH6H[XDOLWlWXQG (KH]XHLQHU(LQKHLW.DUO8OULFK,GHQ]HLJWVHLQH:HUNHVFKRQVHLWVHLQHPHUVWHQ-DKU EHLGHQ6FKOXPSHUQYRUDOOHPEHLGHQJHPHLQVDPHQ*UXSSHQDXVVWHOOXQJHQELVZHLOHQ DEHUDXFKEHLDQGHUHQ3UlVHQWDWLRQHQZLHEHLVSLHOVZHLVHDQOlVVOLFKGHVHXZDUG

21 |9JOR$.DUO8OULFK,GHQLQ(LVVLQJ&KULVWRSKHUVHQ&KULVWRSK*HUFNHQ*QWKHU+J 'LH 6FKOXPSHU.XQVWRKQH*UHQ]HQ:LHQ1HZ6@

Abb. 20: Karl-Ulrich Iden: Rückblick auf 15 Jahre Schlumper von Beruf, 2005, Assemblage: Fotos, diverse Objekte, Goldbronze, Tesakrepp auf Sperrholz, 204 x 240 cm.

Abb. 21: Karl-Ulrich Iden: Narrenschiff, 1995, Dispersionsfarbe und Collage auf Dekostoff, Seil, Dachlatte, Variabel mit Fahnen, Zeitschriften, Büchern und diversen Gegenständen beladen.

Abb. 22: Karl-Ulrich Iden: Zwei Figuren, 1993, Dispersionsfarbe auf Wellpappe, 120 x 95 cm.

Abb. 23: Martin Udo Koch: 100 Dalmatiner, 2001, Holz und verschiedene Materialien, 245 x 120 x 30 cm, Kreative Werkstatt Stetten.

Abb. 24: Martin Udo Koch: Pinocchio, 2000, Holz und verschiedene Materialien, 210 x 100 x 35 cm, MADmusée (Lüttich, Belgien).

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1.8 Martin Udo Koch – Denkmäler 0DUWLQ8GR.RFKLQ7ELQJHQJHERUHQLVWVHLWLQGHU.UHDWLYHQ:HUNVWDWW 6WHWWHQ NQVWOHULVFK WlWLJ 'LH YRQ LKP DOV Ä'HQNPlOHU³ EHQDQQWHQ $VVHPEODJHQ EHKDQGHOQHLQ]HOQH0lUFKHQ)DQWDVLHJHVFKLFKWHQ)HUQVHKVHQGXQJHQ)LOPHXQG0X VLNZLHEHLVSLHOVZHLVH0RPR3LQRFFKLRRGHUÄ:HWWHQGDVV"³.RFKEHJLQQWPLWGHP =XVDPPHQWUDJHQGHUJHZQVFKWHQ*HVWDOWXQJVHOHPHQWH]XPMHZHLOLJHQ7KHPDPHLVW *HJHQVWlQGHXQG)XQGVWFNHDXVYHUVFKLHGHQVWHP0DWHULDO(UEHJLEWVLFKGDPLWDXI GLH6XFKHQDFK6SXUHQGLH*HVFKLFKWHQXQG0HGLHQLP$OOWDJKLQWHUODVVHQXQGZLUG ]XLKUHP$UFKLYDU'DEHLEULQJWHUYRUKDQGHQH$OOWDJV *HJHQVWlQGHLQ9HUELQGXQJ PLWWUDGLWLRQHOOHQXQG]HLWJHQ|VVLVFKHQ(U]lKOXQJHQ.DQQHLQJHZQVFKWHV(OHPHQW QLFKW JHIXQGHQ ZHUGHQ IHUWLJW HU HV HLJHQV DQ 'DUDXIKLQ EDXW .RFK HLQHQ 2EMHNW WUlJHUZREHLHUKlX¿JDOWH/HLWHUQ.LVWHQ+RO]SDOHWWHQRGHU)HQVWHUUDKPHQYHUDU EHLWHW(UHQWZLFNHOWVFKUDQNlKQOLFKH1LVFKHQUHFKWHFNLJH)OlFKHQDXV%UHWWHUQRGHU UHFKWHFNLJHPLW6WUHEHQYHUVHKHQH*HUVWH/HW]WHUHPRQWLHUW.RFKPLWXQWHUDXI)H PLW5ROOHQ'LH*U|HGHU5DKPHQNRQVWUXNWLRQNDQQGXUFKDXVPLWEHU]ZHL0HWHUQ +|KHGLH.|USHUJU|HGHU%HWUDFKWHU,QQHQEHUVWHLJHQ'HU2EMHNWWUlJHUHUKlOWQXQ HLQHQ)DUEDXIWUDJEHYRUGLH*HJHQVWlQGH]XHLQDQGHULQ%H]LHKXQJJHVHW]WXQGPRQ WLHUWZHUGHQ'DEHLHQWVWHKWWURW]HLQHUNUlIWLJHQXQGNRQWUDVWUHLFKHQ)DUEJHEXQJHLQ DXVJHZRJHQHV*HVDPWJHIJH.RFKHQWZLFNHOWEHLGHU3RVLWLRQLHUXQJGHU(OHPHQWH ±YHUJOHLFKEDUHLQHPPLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ*HPlOGH±XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH(U]lKOVWUlQJHGHV MHZHLOVEHDUEHLWHWHQ7KHPDVGDVHUPLWHLJHQHQ$VVR]LDWLRQHQDQUHLFKHUW'DV:HUN LVWDXIHLQHIURQWDOH%HWUDFKWXQJKLQDQJHOHJWZREHLGLHDQJHEUDFKWHQ*HJHQVWlQGH %H]JH ]XP 8PUDXP HUVWHOOHQ XQG GLH 'UHLGLPHQVLRQDOLWlW GHU 6NXOSWXU EHZLUNHQ 0DUWLQ 8GR .RFK SUlVHQWLHUWH VHLQH 'HQNPlOHU DXI GHQ OHW]WHQ 6WDWLRQHQ GHU LQWHU QDWLRQDOHQ:DQGHUDXVVWHOOXQJÄ.QVWOHUDXV6WHWWHQ ³VRZLHDQVFKOLHHQGDXI$XV VWHOOXQJHQGHU.UHDWLYHQ:HUNVWDWWUHJLRQDOXQGQDWLRQDO6HLQH$VVHPEODJHQZDUHQ GDUEHUKLQDXVDXIGHQ$XVVWHOOXQJHQÄ%LOGHUIUGLH:DQG³Ä1DVHQULHFKHQ7XOSHQ³ RGHU LP0$'PXVpHLQ/WWLFK%HOJLHQ ]XVHKHQ

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MIT GEISTIGER

B EHINDERUNG

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Abb. 25: Uschi Pomp: o.T., 2002, Ölkreide auf Papier, 60 x 80 cm.

Abb. 26: Uschi Pomp: o.T. (15.10.01), 2001, Ölkreide auf Papier, 44 x 64 cm.

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1.10 Christa Sauer – Kreise &KULVWD6DXHUGLHLQ)UDQNIXUWDP0DLQJHERUHQZXUGH]HLFKQHWHVHLWLQ LKUHP:RKQKHLPPLW%XQWVWLIWHQNOHLQIRUPDWLJH=HLFKQXQJHQ,P$WHOLHU*ROGVWHLQ EHVFKlIWLJWVLFKGLH.QVWOHULQQXQVHLWPLW$FU\OIDUEHQgOXQG3DVWHOONUHLGH VRZLH7XVFKHLQWHQVLYIRUPDOZLHLQKDOWOLFKPLWGHP7KHPD.UHLV'LH*U|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lFKHQ EHVWHKHQ (V N|QQHQ VHKU GLFKWH *HPlOGH HQWVWHKHQ DEHU DXFK .RPSRVLWLRQHQ GLH PLW HLQHU JHULQJHQ$Q]DKO YRQ )RUPHQ GLH XPJHEHQGH %LOGÀlFKH HLQEH]LHKHQ 'HU $UEHLWVYRUJDQJEOHLEWGXUFKGLH9HUVFKUlQNXQJGHUGLYHUVHQ*HVWDOWXQJVHOHPHQWHDE OHVEDUXQGVHLQH6SXUHQSUlJHQGHQ&KDUDNWHUGHV*HPlOGHVZLH]XP%HLVSLHOKHU DEÀLHHQGH)DUEH(LQHZLFKWLJH5ROOHVSLHOHQ)DUENRQVLVWHQ]XQGDXIWUDJGDUEHU KLQDXV'XNWXVXQG6WlUNHGHU3LQVHOVWULFKHE]ZGHU=HLFKHQVWLIWH-HHLQH$VVLVWHQWLQ HLQ$VVLVWHQW EHJOHLWHW GHQ 0DOSUR]HVV GHQ GLH .QVWOHULQ GHQQRFK VHOEVWEHVWLPPW DXVIKUW6DXHUWULIIWGDEHLHLQHHLJHQH$XVZDKODXVGHQEHUHLWJHVWHOOWHQ)DUEHQXQG NRPELQDWLRQHQVRZLH3LQVHOQXQG)RUPDWHQOHJWDEHU:HUWDXIGHQVWlQGLJHQSHUV|Q OLFKHQ.RQWDNWXQGGLH$QJHERWHLKUHV*HJHQEHUV'LH$VVLVWHQ]LVWVLFKGHU*HIDKU HLQHUP|JOLFKHQ%HHLQÀXVVXQJEHZXVVWXQGQLPPWVLFKJH]LHOW]XUFN6DXHUV:HUNH ZHUGHQVHLWLQ]DKOUHLFKHQ*UXSSHQXQG(LQ]HODXVVWHOOXQJHQDXVJHVWHOOWZHOFKH ]XPHLVWGDV$WHOLHU*ROGVWHLQRUJDQLVLHUW'DXHUKDIWSUlVHQWVLQG6DXHUV%LOGHUXQWHU DQGHUHPLP)UDQNIXUWHU6R]LDOGH]HUQDWLP)RUXPGHU/HEHQVKLOIH)UDQNIXUWLQGHU 0DUEXUJHU%XQGHVJHVFKlIWVVWHOOHGHU/HEHQVKLOIHVRZLHLQGHU+RFKVFKXOHIU%DQN ZHVHQ+I% LQ)UDQNIXUW 29 |9JO]X6DXHUVNQVWOHULVFKHU7lWLJNHLW6lO]HU&KULVWLDQ&KULVWD6DXHU:UGHHLQ5HJHQERJHQ VFKHLQHQLQ6FKLUUPDFKHU*DEL6lO]HU&KULVWLDQ+J $WHOLHU*ROGVWHLQ.QVWOHU%HUOLQ E 6 6FKPLWW 6 6FKU|GHU +DUDOG + &KULVWD 6DXHU LQ KWWSZZZDWHOLHUJROGVWHLQGH VDXHUKWP 30 |0HODQLH6FKPLWWGHVÄ$WHOLHUV*ROGVWHLQ³LP*HVSUlFKDPSURWRNROOLHUWYRQGHU9HU IDVVHULQ6HLWHQ 9JO]XU$UEHLWVZHLVH6DXHUVDXFK/LVNRZVN\XQG0QFKRZ 31 |&KULVWDV 6DXHUV .XQVWZHUNH ZXUGHQ XD LQ IROJHQGHQ *UXSSHQDXVVWHOOXQJHQ SUlVHQWLHUW R7 )UDQNIXUWDP0DLQ$OWHV+DXSW]ROODPWR7)UDQNIXUWDP0DLQ+RFKVFKXOHIU %DQNZLUWVFKDIW6KRZURRPVLQ5DXIDVHU)UDQNIXUWDP0DLQ$WHOLHU*ROGVWHLQ DUWVSDFH )UDQNIXUW )UDQNIXUW LP 0DLQ $WHOLHU *ROGVWHLQ )UHLEXUJ LP %UHLVJDX*DOHULH$OEHUW%DXPJDUWHQ$WHOLHU*ROGVWHLQLP.OHLVWKDXV%HUOLQ.OHLVW KDXVXQG1DVHQULHFKHQ7XOSHQ.Q]HOVDX0XVHXP:UWK (LQH(LQ]HODXVVWHOOXQJ6DXHUVZDULQGHU$XVVWHOOXQJV+DOOHD)UDQNIXUWDP0DLQ YRP ]XVHKHQ 9JO GLH GHWDLOOLHUWH $XÀLVWXQJ YRQ 6DXHUV $XVVWHOOXQJVWlWLJNHLW LQ $WHOLHU *ROGVWHLQ KWWSZZZ DWHOLHUJROGVWHLQGHDXVVWHOOXQJHQBVDXHUKWP VRZLHR$$XVJHZlKOWH$XVVWHOOXQJHQLQ 6FKLUUPDFKHU*DEL6lO]HU&KULVWLDQ+J $WHOLHU*ROGVWHLQ.QVWOHU%HUOLQ6 32 |9JO6FKPLWW6

Abb. 27: Christa Sauer: o.T., 2004, Acryl auf Leinwand, 130 x 140 cm.

Abb. 28: Christa Sauer: o.T., 2004, Acryl und Pastellkreide auf Leinwand, 140 x 140 cm.

Abb. 29: Christa Sauer: Ensemble, 2006, Acryl auf Leinwand, Paravant und Sessel.

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3.3 Konflikte der Schlumper mit den Wohngruppen und den Alsterdorfer Anstalten „Denn mal ehrlich: Hätten Sie Lust, jeden Donnerstag um 17 Uhr baden zu gehen?“ 65 (Rolf Laute)

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Abb. 35 (oben): Werner Voigt: Die Alsterdorfer Passion, 1984, Dispersionsfarbe auf Nessel und Sperrholz, 200 x 400 cm, Privatbesitz. Abb. 36 (unten): Werner Voigt: Die Alsterdorfer Passion II, 1986, Dispersionsfarbe und Farbstift auf Papier, 85,5 x 116 cm, Evangelische Stiftung Alsterdorf.

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Tabelle 1: Bei den Publikationen der euward-Kataloge ergibt sich ein Anteil von durchschnittlich 29,5 % Künstlerinnen und 70,5 % Künstlern, bei den ausgewählten Veröffentlichungen der Kreativen Werkstatt Stetten von 36 % Künstlerinnen und 64 % Künstlern und bei den genannten Publikationen des Ateliers Goldstein ein Verhältnis von 25 % Künstlerinnen zu 75 % Künstlern. Die beiden Bücher der Schlumper präsentieren zu 47,5 % Künstlerinnen und zu 52,5 % Künstler. Die Veröffentlichung „Zeige Deine Wunde“, die vor allem Werke von UrheberInnen mit psychischer Störung vorstellt, weist einen Anteil von 48 % Frauen, 65 % Männern und 2 % anonymer Personen auf.

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