Table of contents : Notation....Pages 3-3 Semigroups....Pages 4-4 Strings....Pages 5-6 Semigroup strings with restrictions....Pages 7-9 Ordered semigroup strings with restrictions....Pages 10-10 Strings on rings....Pages 11-13 Indeterminate strings....Pages 14-20 Indeterminate strings with restrictions....Pages 21-25 Restricted degree and order for indeterminate strings....Pages 26-28 Indexing strings....Pages 29-30 Nets....Pages 31-32 Semigroup nets with restrictions....Pages 33-35 Ordered semigroup nets with restrictions....Pages 36-36 Nets on rings....Pages 37-38 Indeterminate nets....Pages 39-45 Indeterminate nets with restrictions....Pages 46-52 Restricted degree and order for indeterminate nets....Pages 53-56 Prechips....Pages 57-58 Isobars for prechips and Premonic polynomials....Pages 59-66 Substitutions....Pages 67-72 Substitutions with restrictions....Pages 73-81 Coordinate nets and Monic polynomials....Pages 82-84 Graded ring of a ring at an ideal....Pages 85-87 Graded ring of a ring....Pages 88-89 Graded rings at strings and nets and the notions of separatedness and regularity for strings and nets....Pages 90-103 Inner products and further notions of separatedness and regularity for strings....Pages 104-108 Inner products and further notions of separatedness and regularity for nets....Pages 109-112 Weighted isobars and weighted initial forms....Pages 113-125 Initial forms for regular strings....Pages 126-149 Initial forms for regular strings and nets....Pages 150-160 Protochips and parachips....Pages 161-161 N-support of an indexing string for 2≤N≤6....Pages 162-162 Prescales....Pages 163-164 Derived prescales....Pages 165-166 Supports of prescales....Pages 167-167 Protoscales....Pages 168-169 Inner products for protoscales....Pages 170-170 Scales and isobars....Pages 171-175 Properties of derived prescales....Pages 176-202 Isobars for derived scales....Pages 203-204 Isobars and initial forms for scales....Pages 205-213 Initial forms for scales and regular nets....Pages 214-219 Isobars for protochips....Pages 220-220 Initial forms for protochips and monic polynomials....Pages 221-224