Valla's translation of Thucydides in Vat. lat. 1801: with the reproduction of the codex. Testo latino e inglese 8821008363, 9788821008368

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STUDI E TESTI 445

MORTIMER CHAMBERS

VALLA’S TRANSLATION OF THUCYDIDES IN VAT. LAT. 1801 WITH THE REPRODUCTION OF THE CODEX

CITTÀ DEL VATICANO B IBLIOTECA A POSTOLICA VATICANA 2008

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Published with the support of American Friends of the Vatican Library

© Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2008 ISBN 978-88-210-0836-8

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To Sir Kenneth Dover

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SUMMARY

Introduction: The History of Valla’s Translation of Thucydides

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Some Features of Valla’s Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVII The Importance of Valla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXII Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXIII THUCYDIDIS HISTORIAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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INTRODUCTION THE HISTORY OF VALLA’S TRANSLATION OF THUCYDIDES Lorenzo Valla (Laurentius della Valle), one of the most notable humanists of the Renaissance in Italy, was born in Rome in 1407 and died there in 1457. He gained his education in classical languages in Rome and then embarked on his career as lecturer, translator, scholar, and controversialist. He was ordained in 1431 and, failing in his ambition to become a papal secretary, obtained a post as Lector of classical rhetoric in the University of Pavia (1431-1433). He moved from one academic center to another (Milan, Genoa, Ferrara, Mantua), and about 1435 entered the service of King Alfonso V of Aragon (ruled 14161458), at whose court in Naples several scholars gathered from 1442 onward. Valla became the king’s private secretary. He was already well known through such essays as De voluptate dialogus, “ Dialogue on Pleasure ” (1431). He later titled this work De vero bono, “ On the true good ”. He called this essay a defense of Christianity against the misguided philosophers of paganism, but he found much to approve in the Epicurean doctrine that one should cultivate the search for (mainly intellectual, but also erotic) pleasure. Imitating Plato, for example in the Symposium, Valla constructed this work using three set speeches, each one praising the Stoic, Epicurean, and Christian philosophies, but with a clear preference for the Epicurean position over the Stoic. In 1440 Valla issued the work for which he is most respected by historians, his De falso credita et ementita Constantini donatione, “ On the falsely believed and counterfeit Donation of Constantine ”, which was an attack on the supposed “ donation ” by which the emperor Constantine had, in gratitude for his conversion, given Pope Silvester I (314-335) and all his successors temporal power over Rome, Italy, and western Europe in general.1 Belief in this “ donation ” was based on an inauthentic document, the “ Constitutum Constantini ”, forged probably in the eighth century and copied and edited over the years.2 Valla’s patron Alfonso, between whom and Rome relations were strained, welcomed this attack on Papal authority. Some earlier scholars had questioned the authenticity of the Donation, but Valla demolished it thoroughly by criticism of its Latin style, showing that it could not have 1 A Latin text, with English translation: L ORENZO VALLA , On the Donation of Constantine, translated by G.W. Bowersock (Cambridge, Mass.-London 2007). 2 Bowersock’s concise introduction supplies the needed details. He also points out that Valla did not call his work a “ Declamatio ”, although this title is often attached to it.

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been written in the time of Constantine. The rationalist historian Edward Gibbon, often a critic of the Church and its establishment, hailed Valla’s essay as coming from “ the pen of an eloquent critic and a Roman patriot ”. The attack on the Donation was not the only work by Valla that brought him into a perhaps dangerous confrontation with the Church. In his Annotationes in Novum Testamentum (finished about 1448)3 he brought his linguistic skills to bear on the Latin of the Bible, and his critics saw him as ridiculing the style of St. Jerome, the purported translator of the Vulgate. He showed that a supposed letter from Jesus to Abgar of Edessa, preserved in the church historian Eusebius, was inauthentic, and he argued that the Apostles’ creed had not been composed by the Twelve Apostles. For such alleged attacks on the faith he was haled before an inquisition in Naples. Only the protection of his patron, Alfonso, saved him from the worst, perhaps even from the stake. In a lapidary phrase, Symonds called him a “ verneinender Geist ”, a spirit prepared to deny any received opinion.4 This questioning faculty in Valla and others made possible nothing less than the intellectual development of European scepticism. The Encyclopedia Britannica (11th ed.) found it difficult to “ form a just estimate of Valla’s private life and character ”, owing to the controversies surrounding him, but concluded that he appears as a “ vain, jealous and quarrelsome man ”. Posterity honors “ not so much the scholar and the stylist as the man who initiated a bold method of criticism, which he applied alike to language, to historical documents and to ethical opinions ”. Many scholars believe that Valla’s most important contribution to critical thinking was his Dialecticae disputationes, in three books; originally finished in 1439, it went through three phases of composition.5 Valla called it his Dialectica. He began work on it during his stay at Pavia but completed it after he had moved to Naples. His main theme is that rhetoric and oratory should not rank below philosophy in the cultural attainments of humanity. Unlike scholastic debate, they can lead to productive action in society. Indeed, he called

3 G. M ANCINI , Vita di Lorenzo Valla (Florence 1891) 238. This remains the most important biographic resource for Valla’s life. 4 J. A. SYMONDS, Renaissance in Italy: The Revival of Learning [vol. 2 of the whole series] (London 1877) 259. 5 An excellent edition of two of the three versions: G. Z IPPEL , Laurentii Valle Repastinatio Dialectice et Philosophie (2 vols., Padua 1982). A good treatment in English: J. E. SEIGEL, Rhetoric and Philosophy in Renaissance Humanism (Princeton 1968), esp. 137169. Discussion of Valla’s major writings: F. G AETA , Lorenzo Valla: Filologia e storia nell’umanesimo italiano (Naples 1955). On Valla as philosopher: P. O. KRISTELLER, Eight Philosophers of the Renaissance (Stanford 1964) 19-36.

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oratory “ regina rerum ”, “ the queen of all things ”.6 Moreover, he saw the language of philosophers, even the greatest, Aristotle, as choked with barely comprehensible jargon. Ordinary people should determine the vocabulary for discussion; therefore words like “ ens ” (something that exists) or “ quidditas ” (roughly, what sort of thing something is) were to be banished as meaningless. If any philosopher criticized those who used simple, ordinary speech, he said, “ Let the people respond that the judgment and norms of speech are in their power ”. Valla also challenged the basis of Aristotelian logic. Aristotle had established ten “ categories ” to describe all objects in the world: everything partakes of “ substance ”, “ quantity ”, “ place ”, “ date ”, and so on. Aristotle was not always consistent about the number of categories, but in any case Valla reduced the categories to three: substance, quality, and action. Thus one might say, “ a large animal runs ”, giving all the needed information through a noun, an adjective, and a verb, in language freed of labored terminology. To turn to Valla the philologist, he made a capital contribution with his Elegantiarum linguae Latinae libri VI, “ Six books on the elegances of the Latin language ”, written in the 1440s and printed in Venice in 1471. This large work was a detailed analysis of the rules of the Latin language and often distinguished the exact meanings of similar words. It laid down the principles of Latin composition and correct usage and became an immensely popular textbook. By 1536 it had been reprinted some 59 times. The great Cambridge scholar Sir Richard Jebb (1841-1905) said that it “ marked the highest level that had yet been reached in the critical study of Latin ”. This work, and Valla’s other writings, are collected in his Opera. Despite Valla’s daring attacks on the intellectual hierarchy of the Church, he managed to make peace with the papacy, and Nicolas V (reigned 1447-1455) called him to Rome, made him a papal secretary, and brought him into his program of translations of the classics. In 1448 Nicolas asked him to undertake the first translation into Latin of Thucydides. 7 This work, superbly transcribed by Joannes Lamperti (= Lamperts?) of Rodenberg, near Kassel in Germany, and preserved in cod. Vat. lat. 1801, was complete on 14 July 1452. Valla added to the last page, in his own hand, his proud declaration, Hunc Thucydidis codicem, qualis nullus ut opinor unquam apud ipsos Graecos vel scriptus vel ornatus est magnificentius, idem ego Laurentius, iussu sanctissimi domini nostri domini Nicolai divina providentia papae 6 In his Opera (Basel 1540, Venice 1592, reprinted with additions, Torino 1962) 960 (De voluptate, 2.39). 7 The date 1448 is established by Mancini (as in n. 3) 252. The translation is discussed by E. B. FRYDE, Humanism and Renaissance Historiography (London 1983) 83-99.

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Quinti, recognovi, cum ipso Joannae [sc. Lamperti], qui eum tam egregie scripsit. Ideoque haec meo chirographo subscripsi, ut esset hic codex meae translationis archetypus, unde cetera possent exemplaria emendari. “ This codex of Thucydides, than which none, in my opinion, among the Greeks themselves is more magnificent in its script or decoration, I myself, Laurentius, at the command of our most sacred master, Nicolas the Fifth, Pope by the grace of God, have edited, along with Joannes [Lamperti] himself, who has so beautifully written it. And therefore have I added these words with my own hand, so that this codex may be recognized as the archetype of my translation, from which all other copies can be corrected ”. Valla then turned to translating Herodotus. This work was not finished at Valla’s death, but the nearly complete text was first published in Venice in 1474. Valla died on 1 August 1457. He was then a Canon of the church of St. John Lateran and was buried in that church, the cathedral of Rome. Nicolas V had died in 1455, and perhaps the lack of his sponsorship caused the translation of Thucydides, which he had commissioned, to lie unpublished. It is true that many copies of Valla’s translation were made in manuscript form, but the work was not published, as the translation of Herodotus had been, in movable type. The Valla expert Marianne Pade has drawn up a list of 25 manuscript copies of Valla’s translation in European and British libraries, including five in the Vatican.8 Valla proclaimed that the original copy, to which he put his name, would remain the archetype “ from which others could be corrected ”, but in fact some of the manuscripts of “ Valla ” later than cod. Vat. lat. 1801 are superior to it in accuracy, whether because the scribes corrected Valla’s Latin or could check it against other Greek manuscripts. Therefore, as Karl Maurer has shown, scholars who wish to “ ransack Valla ” for better readings in the Greek text to which his Latin may point should not rely on Valla’s codex alone but would do well to consult some of these other copies of his translation. Indeed, a proper critical edition of Valla is a pressing necessity.9 In fact, Valla’s text, as he left it, has never before been published, which is the reason for the present photographic edition. The facts regarding the publication of “ Valla’s ” text are set forth in an essential article by R. I. W. Westgate.10 In or about the year 1483 Bartholomaeus 8 “ The Manuscript Diffusion of Valla’s Translation of Thucydides ”, Studi umanistici piceni 12 (1992) 171-180, at 173. A very comprehensive catalogue of translations of and commentaries on Thucydides by Pade: Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum 8 (2003) 103-181. See also Westlake (as in n. 10 infra) 243 n. 15. 9 See K. MAURER, “ Thucydides, Valla and Vat. Lat. 1801 ”, Latomus 58 (1999) 885-889. 10 “ The Text of Valla’s Translation of Thucydides ”, Trans. American Philological Association 67 (1936) 240-251.

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Parthenius edited the first printed text of Valla’s translation, without place or publisher (it is usually ascribed to Johannes Rubeus at Treviso). For the most part, Parthenius does reproduce Valla’s text as preserved in our Vatican codex, but at many places he varies from Valla and himself declared in his edition that he had worked “ exemplari graeco adhibito ”, that is, with the assistance of a Greek manuscript to control and emend Valla’s translation. It is not known which Greek manuscript this was. Perhaps detailed study of Parthenius’ changes in Valla’s text would shed some light on this question. In any case, whether relying on this manuscript or on his own knowledge, he frequently changed Valla’s Latin. Westgate collated book VII of Parthenius against the Vatican codex and found well over one hundred variations and omissions from Valla’s text in that book alone. Therefore from the very beginning Valla’s own Latin text has been available only to scholars who consulted cod. Vat. lat. 1801 or obtained copies of it, such as microfilms. The Latin text of Parthenius, inaccurately transcribing Valla’s translation, was followed by others in which the editors did the same thing, each one varying the text of the previous editor. The next edition of Valla was by the Belgian scholar Josse Bade (1462-1535). He was born in Asche and from his birthplace he took the third name Ascensius; he is usually called Jodocus Badius Ascensius. He moved to Paris and formed a printing company that issued hundreds of books, many of them classics. His edition of Thucydides first appeared in 1513 from his own press. Ascensius’ edition was reprinted,11 and I have used the second printing of 1528. At almost the same moment, Conrad Heresbach issued an edition of “ Valla ”,12 which I have also used. The text, though not identical with that of Parthenius, “ coincides with it often enough to suggest that Heresbach took his text of Valla from it, and does not well agree with cod. Vat. lat. 1801 ”.13 The sudden interest in the Greek historian also inspired the first translation in a vernacular language, namely the version of Valla’s text in French by Claude de Seyssel,14 the bishop of Marseilles and later archbishop of Turin. I do not know which edition of Valla de Seyssel used. His book was printed at the press of Ascensius, so one might guess that he translated the text of Ascensius of 1513. De Seyssel’s French translation was the basis for the first translation of Thucydides into English, by Thomas Nicolls, 1550.15 De

Paris 1528. Cologne 1527 and later reprints. 13 Westgate (as in n. 10) 244. 14 Paris 1527, printed by the firm founded by Ascensius. 15 The hystory writtone by Thucidides the Athenyan of the warre, whiche was betwene the Peloponesians and the Athenyans, translated oute of Frenche into the Englysh language by Thomas Nicolls citezeine and goldesmyth of London (London 1550). 11 12

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Seyssel’s work was soon followed by the first German version, with omissions and compressions, by Hieronymus Boner.16 We come to a major station in the life of Valla’s text with the great editor Henri Estienne, usually called Henricus Stephanus or simply Stephanus (1528-1598). In 1564 he issued a text of Thucydides in Greek, with the scholia, followed later in the volume by Valla’s Latin translation.17 It is not clear on which Latin text of Valla Stephanus relied, but on the whole his text agrees with that of Ascensius, which may well have been his source. Here and there he shows ignorance of the correct text of cod. Vat. lat. 1801, and it is not clear that he visited the Vatican library to consult it. In his beautiful book, printed at the press of Huldrich Fugger, Stephanus states that he emended Valla’s text. Indeed, in his own preface he severely criticizes his predecessor. He “ can scarcely be sufficiently astonished at Valla’s ignorance on the one hand and negligence on the other ”: “ vix satis mirari possum illius partim inscitiam, partim neglegentiam ”. He is amazed that the man who wrote about the elegances of the Latin language could often write in inelegant style (to put it mildly) and, above all, how he could, like a schoolboy, often confuse tenses of verbs: “ Miror etiam qui [sc. “ quo ”] fieri possit ut qui de Latinae linguae elegantiis scripserit, tam ineleganti plerunque (ne quid gravius dicam) sermone usus sit: ac praesertim quomodo temporum usum tam pueriliter multis in locis confuderit ”. As a specimen, Stephanus prints the Greek of 8.96.5, where Thucydides says that the Spartans were “ the most convenient people of all ” for the Athenians to fight against and then gives the translation of Valla, that of de Seyssel in French and also turned into Latin, and finally “ nostra interpretatio ”. Valla: Verum non in hoc tantum bello Lacedaemonii, sed in aliis etiam multis, omnium hostium Atheniensibus utilissimi extitere: qui quod plurimum inter se moribus differentes essent, alii properi, alii cunctabundi, et alii manu prompti, alii formidolosi, praecipue in gubernanda classe plurimum Atheniensibus profuere. Quod maxime declaravere Syracusani, qui concordes inter se, praeclarissime belligeraverunt [-vere Valla]. De Seyssel, abridged: [The Spartans] estoyent moult differens de volonté et de maniere de vivre, car les uns estoyent soubdains et 16 Augsburg 1533, discussed by Manfred Kessler, Thukydides – Lorenzo Valla – Hieronymus Boner etc. (Diss. Augsburg 2001). I owe this reference to Professor Stephan Heilen. 17 Thucydidis Olori filii de bello Peloponnesiaco libri octo. Idem Latine, ex interpretatione Laurentii Vallae, ab Henrico Stephano recognita ([Geneva] 1564, ed. 2, 1588).

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diligens, les autres tardifs et musards [dawdling]: les uns hardis, et les autres craintifs, etc. Stephanus: Verum non hic tantum Atheniensibus commodius fuit bellum adversus Lacedaemonios quam ullos alios gerere, sed et alibi saepe. Quum enim valde diverso ingenio praediti essent, illi celeres, hi cunctatores: illi ad quidvis aggrediendum prompti, hi timidi, ac praesertim in re navali, magnam utilitatem afferebant. Quod Syracusani declararunt, qui et simillimo Atheniensibus ingenio praediti erant, ita optime in suo adversus illos bello se gesserunt. Stephanus then invites the reader to observe how Valla’s misinterpretation, which was retained in Ascensius’ edition of Valla, has also made its way into de Seyssel.18 What Thucydides says is that the Spartans were different from the Athenians as a whole people, not internally from one another, “ inter se ”, as Valla and de Seyssel have it. One party, the Athenians, “ illi ”, “ the former ”, was swift and active, the other, the Spartans, “ hi ”, “ the latter ”, sluggish and given to delay. Thucydides had already ascribed such a description of the two opponents in the Peloponnesian War to a Corinthian speaker in 1.70. At times, Stephanus improves Valla’s translation even where our first translator had committed no error of interpretation: rather, Stephanus selects, from his encyclopedic knowledge of Latin literature, a phrase that seems to him more elegant. For example, at 2.2.2 Thucydides narrates the betrayal of Plataea in 431 b.c., when some conspirators within the city opened the gates to a force from Thebes. The gates were opened by a Plataean, one Naucleides, along with his associates. Thucydides calls them oƒ met’ aÙtoà, boulÒmenoi „d…aj ›neka dun£mewj ¥ndraj te tîn politîn to∞j sf…sin ™nant…ouj diafϑe‹rai, “ those who were in his party, wishing for the sake of their own power to kill those of the citizens who opposed them ”, etc. Valla translated this clause unobjectionably as “ qui cum eo voluntarii erant, privatae potentiae gratia, civesque sibi inimicos destruendi ”, etc. But Stephanus, finding this phrasing insufficiently elegant, drew on his perfect knowledge of Latin literature and changed Valla’s words to “ qui cum eo, privatae potentiae gratia, cives sibi inimicos de medio tollere … volentes”; this idiom, “ remove from the middle ”, roughly “ to remove from the scene, eliminate, kill ”, is found in Cicero: see his Pro Roscio Amerino 20: “ demonstrant […] perfacile hunc hominem incautum et

18 The first translator from Greek into French, LOUIS DE JAUSSAUD, Histoire de la guerre des Peloponnesiens et Atheniens ([Geneva] 1600) 530, handled this passage accurately.

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rusticum et Romae ignotum de medio tolli posse ”, “ it was represented that it would be very easy to get rid of the son, unsuspicious as he was, living in the country, and unknown in Rome ” (trans. J. H. Freese, Loeb edition) and compare Livy 24.6, “ Thrasone sublato e medio ”, “ when Thraso had been eliminated [that is, executed]”. As Westgate observed, the high reputation of Stephanus as a scholar has caused many readers to consult his version when they seek to ascertain the text of Valla’s translation,19 the fact being, however, that Stephanus often emended Valla’s text, which has thus remained unrecoverable for those who lack microfilms or do not visit the Vatican library. We have seen that the several editors who announced that they were printing Valla’s translation emended it at their pleasure, as at 4.23.1, where Thucydides refers to an armistice perˆ PÚlon, “ concerning Pylos ”. Valla gives “ ad Pylum ” and is followed by Parthenius and Ascensius, but Stephanus improves Valla with “ de Pylo ”. Or at 4.60.1, “ Etenim nosse nos oportet ” (Valla, Parthenius, Ascensius) (“ Truly, we ought to know ”, etc.), but the words become “ Quamquam nosse vos oportet ” (“ And yet, you ought to know ”) in Stephanus. (The Greek is ambiguous, Ka…toi gnînai crh\ ktl, with no pronoun.) Or at 6.100.1, Valla uses the passive voice, “ ubi satis habere et vallum et substructionem muri visum est ”, “ when it was decided that the trench and the foundation of the wall were adequate ” (so Parthenius and Ascensius), but Stephanus disapproved and changed the verb to the active voice: “ ubi autem Syracusani sufficere vallum et substructionem muri putaverunt ”, “ when the Syracusans thought ”, etc. With the year 1594 we come to another milestone in the history of Valla’s translation. In that year Aemilius Portus (1550-1615), professor of Greek at Heidelberg, issued a Greek text of Thucydides in Frankfurt, based on Stephanus’ second text of 1588. He included Valla’s translation, printed in columns parallel to the Latin, and scholia at the bottom of the page. The editor proudly announces that the translation is based on the translation of Lorenzo Valla, recently edited by Stephanus (“ ex interpretatione Laurentii Vallae, ab Henrico Stephano nuper recognita) ”, but that he has edited Stephanus’ translation, “ quam […] ab infinita gravissimorum errorum multitudine novissime repurgavit, magnaque diligentia passim expolitam renovavit ”, “ which he [Portus] has newly purged of an infinite multitude of most serious errors, and has restored, polished throughout with great diligence ”. He also states that he has followed the “ commentarios ” of his father, Franciscus Portus (1511-1581), a Hellenist from Chania, a “ Lector ” at the University of Geneva from 1561 until his death. These commentaries are 19

Westgate (as in n. 10) 244.

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published in Portus’ edition after the Greek text; Portus then added an Appendix to the commentaries of his father, in which he discusses matters that Franciscus did not treat. These commentaries give, for the first time, many notes explaining passages in the text. The Latin translation of Aemilius Portus also supplies many aids to the reader in the form of explanatory phrases within brackets, which later editors largely worked into their own translations, while omitting the brackets. This translation became accepted as the standard Latin version and was adopted by the editions of John Hudson,20 C. A. Duker,21 the anonymous editors of the six-volume “ Bipontine ” edition,22 J. C. Gottleber and C. L. Bauer,23 and J. B. Gail.24 The edition of Gottleber-Bauer was reprinted in London by Richard Priestley, four volumes, 1819; the fourth volume contains the translation by Portus. In 1821 Immanuel Bekker issued his edition, crucially important for his selection of manuscripts, in Berlin in three volumes. This edition was also printed in Oxford in the same year by Parker and Bliss, expanded to include a fourth volume that presents the translation by Portus; this is the last edition known to me that used Portus’ version. In 1840 Friedrich Haase issued his edition, in Greek and Latin.25 His translation was based on that of Portus, but he boldly declared that he had made many corrections to Portus, in whose translation he found a multitude of errors: “ fuit in Porti interpretatione vitiorum multitudo ”, etc. This was, to my knowledge, the final printing of a translation in Latin. By that time the translation had moved away in many details from that of Valla, who should however be saluted as the scholar who first gave us a Latin text on which others could build. SOME FEATURES OF VALLA’S TRANSLATION This is not the place for a full essay on Valla’s methods of translation. An introduction to the topic is provided by Marianne Pade.26 She shows that

20 Oxford 1696. Hudson first numbered the chapters and his numbers have been used ever since. 21 Duker’s edition (Amsterdam 1731), especially in the very rare two-volume large paper format, is the most sumptuous of all editions of Thucydides. That of Poppo (11 vols., Leipzig 1821-1851, almost 7000 pages with Latin commentary) surpasses it in length but not as a spectacular monument of the bookmaker’s art. Poppo established the section numbers within chapters used by subsequent editors. 22 Zweibrücken 1788-1789, reproducing the material of Duker’s edition. 23 Leipzig 1790-1804, also following Duker’s model. 24 Paris 1807. 25 Paris, in the Firmin Didot series of classical authors. 26 “ Valla’s Thucydides – Theory and Practice in a Renaissance Translation ”, Classica et Medievalia 36 (1985) 275-301.

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Valla often added an explanatory word or short phrase to guide the reader through Thucydides’ very compressed language, as at 3.39.8, where Cleon warns the Athenians that a rebellious subject state will have to be attacked; “if unsuccessful (sfal≤ntej), we shall have an enemy the more upon our hands ” (Crawley). Valla gives “si non expugnaverimus, ipsos, praeter eos qui nunc sunt hostes, habebimus ”, “if we do not defeat them in battle, we shall have them, along with those who are now our enemies ”: that is, Valla amplifies the meaning of the participle sfal≤ntej and “ explains in what respect they might fail ” (Pade). She also shows that Valla sometimes weaves into his translation the meaning suggested by a scholiast. At 3.66.2 ¢nepiei⑂≤steron pr©xai is interpreted thus by commentators: “ iniquius aliquid egisse ” (Portus), “ to have acted somewhat incorrectly ” (Warner), “ to act somewhat uncivilly ” (Arnold), “ act somewhat inconsiderately ” (Jowett). Valla translates the noun with a stronger word, as “ inhumane ”, which is a translation of the scholiast’s ¢panϑrwpÒteron. Naturally, one wishes to know which Greek manuscript(s) Valla used as the source for his translation. Westgate carried the story down to 1936, pointing out that the modern discussion of Valla began with the editio maxima of Poppo.27 Valla’s Latin words sometimes point to a Greek text that contradicts one or another Greek manuscript. Sometimes, in fact, Valla agrees with no preserved Greek manuscript. For this reason Poppo considered Valla’s text itself to have the status of an independent manuscript and to be “ codicis instar ”. But it is not clear that Poppo’s knowledge of the Greek text came from the Vatican codex itself. For example, at 1.113.1 Valla did not translate the words ⑂aˆ ¢ndrapod…santej, “ and capturing [them]”. Poppo knew this, but for his information he appears to have relied on the report of Valla’s words provided by Benedict.28 This suggests that Poppo did not travel to the Vatican Library to consult codex 1801. At 1.100.3 Thucydides narrates the attempt of the Athenians to found a colony in the region of Thrace, in northern Greece. But the attempt failed, as the colonists (according to all our manuscripts) diefϑ£rhsan […] ØpÕ tîn Qra⑂în xump£ntwn, “ were massacred by all the Thracians ”. But instead of translating xump£ntwn, Valla gives “ omnes sunt interempti ”, “ they were all killed ”. From Valla’s “ omnes ”, Poppo inferred that his manuscript read xÚmpantej, which was first printed by J. M. Stahl in his revision of Poppo’s editio minor, 1886. Hude (1898), Stuart Jones (1900), Marchant (1905), Luschnat (books 1-2, 1954), and Westgate (as in n. 10); Poppo, vol. 1, part 2 of his edition, 72-76. “ verba caˆ ¢ndrapod…santej Benedictus a Valla omitti dicit ”, etc.: Poppo (as in n. 21) 75. See TRAUGOTT FRIEDRICH BENEDICT, Commentarii critici in Thucydidis octo libros (Leipzig 1815) 36. 27 28

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de Romilly (1954) retained the manuscripts’ text, as did Gomme in his great commentary.29 Since Poppo-Stahl, only A. Maddalena (book 1 only, 1951-52) and Alberti (1972), in their editions, and Simon Hornblower, in his commentary,30 have, quite rightly in my opinion, followed Valla’s “ omnes ” and chosen xÚmpantej, which gives a better meaning. Poppo, as we have seen, considered Valla’s text to be on the level of another manuscript and thought that his variation from the medieval texts showed that he found his variant readings in a manuscript unknown to modern editors. But two later editors, Hude and Stuart Jones, denied this and thought that Valla changed or “ corrected ” his Greek manuscript on his own judgment.31 His divergences from the known manuscripts, on this view, were important only if his emendations were successful; but his departures from the general tradition were unimportant in establishing the history of the text, and Poppo, they thought, was wrong to elevate Valla’s translation to the status of a codex. Opinion on this matter has not followed Hude and Stuart Jones. There are several occasions on which Valla differs from the manuscripts in ways that could hardly be due to his own decision to emend the Greek. On these occasions he appears to have followed a manuscript. For example, at 4.13.2, during the Athenian attack on Pylos, some Athenian ships come as reinforcements from Zacynthos. How many ships? Valla gives “ naves[…]sexaginta ”. The older manuscripts attest forty ships, later manuscripts fifty. Only Valla has sixty.32 Parthenius, Heresbach, and Stephanus retain ”sexaginta ”, but Ascensius evidently looked into another manuscript and printed “ quadraginta ”. It is clear that the manuscript tradition was confused and contradictory at this point. No reason is obvious or plausible as to why Valla should, on his own initiative, amend his text, and we may assume that he found the number sixty in a manuscript. What manuscripts, then, did Valla use? Professor Gian Battista Alberti, in his monumental edition of Thucydides, 33 analyzed the manuscript tradition most profoundly and concluded that Valla used two manuscripts that are now lost. One he designates as r, which is N. 38 infra. A Commentary on Thucydides, vol. 1 (Oxford 1991) 155. 31 Hude was prepared to consider Valla’s variations from the manuscripts only “ ubi in verbis Thucydidis corrigendis iudicio ingenioque suo prudenter usus mihi visus esset ”, p. xii of his edition (Leipzig 1898), while Stuart Jones agreed that Valla should be cited only when “ suo Marte codicum mendas feliciter sustulisse videtur ”, p. iv of his edition (Oxford 1900 etc.). 32 The Oxford text has 40, Hornblower (as in n. 30) suggests 50 or 44, de Romilly and Alberti accept 50. 33 Rome 1972-2000, vol. 1, pp. cxix-cxxxii. See also his “ Tucidide nella traduzione latina di Lorenzo Valla ”, Studi italiani di filologia classica, n.s. 29 (1957) 224-249. 29 30

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descended from the Naples manuscript cod. III-B-10, known as Nf, but r was also influenced by another lost manuscript that Alberti designates as x. This latter manuscript was Valla’s other source; it also influenced the surviving manuscript H = Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale cod. gr. 1734. There are not a few places where Valla agrees with the text of H, for example 6.96.3, where Valla has a body of 600 picked men, “ sexcenti ”; Aemilius Portus followed Valla and printed ˜xa⑂os…ouj, which is in the second hand of H and is accepted by modern editors, but the older manuscripts read ˜ptakos…ouj, 700. Alberti’s conclusions about Valla’s sources received the support of Alexander Kleinlogel, himself an expert on the text of Thucydides.34 Such disagreements about numbers are not rare in Valla. At 3.81.2 the MSS report that, during the civil war on Corcyra, the authorities tried “ about fifty men ”, æj pent»⑂onta, and put them to death. But Valla gives “ circiter triginta ”, which is followed by Parthenius and Stephanus, while Ascensius has “ circiter quinquaginta ”, evidently from a different MS. Again, at 3.115.4 the MSS of Thucydides report that the Athenians manned “ 40 ” ships, where Valla gives “ sexaginta ”, which was retained by Parthenius and Ascensius. Both Stephanus35 and Aemilius Portus strangely retain “ sexaginta ” in their translations but in their Greek texts print tessar£⑂onta, 40, with the MSS. A catalogue of 24 disagreements between Valla’s numbers and those transmitted in MSS is supplied by Filippo Ferlauto, a pupil of Professor Alberti, in his dissertation.36 There are also inaccuracies in the spelling of tribes and peoples. At 5.18.6 Thucydides, in recording the Spartan-Athenian treaty, cites the Mecybernaians, but in Valla they become the “ Cyvernaei ”, which persisted through Parthenius, Ascensius, and Stephanus (both editions). Their name was first corrected in the translations of Veit Winsemius37 and his son (of the same name) and is correct in Aemilius Portus and Hudson. Regrettably, at 3.90.2 and 90.4, and several times at 4.25, Valla calls the Mess»nioi of the MSS “ Mamertini ”, thus giving them the name of the Italian mercenary company that controlled Messana (today’s Messina) before the first Punic war. Ascensius corrected this, but Parthenius had retained it, as did Stephanus, who added a correcting note, “ Messanii ”, in the margin. Aemilius Portus rightly prints “ Messanii ”.

Gnomon 49 (1977) 754-773: the research on Valla is “ meistergültig durchgeführt ”, 761. In both 1564 and, not corrected, in 1588. 36 Il testo di Tucidide e la traduzione latina di Lorenzo Valla (Palermo 1979) 50-51. See the Appendix to this introduction for a selection of emendations based on Valla. 37 Wittenberg 1569, a rare book held in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, the University Library, Cambridge, and the Universitäts-Bibliothek, Göttingen. His son’s version: Wittenberg 1580. 34

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INTRODUCTION

XXI

We must remember that Valla was dependent on his MSS, which at times misled him. Here and there are minor omissions of words, but few so startling as that at 4.132.2, where the first fifteen words, kaˆ ™tÚgcane […] Perd…⑂⑂aj, are not translated and must have been missing from his source. Further, at 8.84.2, Dorieus, an admiral from Thouria, is said to have quarreled with Astyochus, the Spartan admiral, who raised his baton as if to strike him (Dwrie‹). But Valla has “ in Hermocratem […] levavit fustem ”. This strange variation from all MSS (so far as I know) was retained by Parthenius, Ascensius, and Stephanus. It was finally corrected by Aemilius Portus. It attests to a remarkable contamination in whatever MSS Valla used. In 415 B.C., as the Athenians had landed on Sicily and were preparing to attack Syracuse, their engineers did two things (6.66.2): they built a palisade at Dascon, near the beach, and destroyed the bridge over the Anapos river, which flowed from the hills above the city into the harbor.38 Both these events are briefly described in Valla: the fortification at Dascon (“ electis saxis ac lignis ”) and the destruction of the bridge (“ praeterea pontem […] solverent ”), but at both times Valla omits the place names. They are missing in Parthenius, Ascensius, and Stephanus. They are also missing in the translations by de Seyssel,39 by Francesco di Soldo Strozzi, in Italian,40 by Diego Gracián de Alderete, secretary to Charles V, in Spanish,41 and by Winsemius, father and son, in Latin (1569, 1580). They are present in de Jaussaud 42 and in the Latin translation of Enenkel. 43 They are naturally present in Aemilius Portus and his successors. Let us look at a few further places in Valla’s translation. If some of these examples disclose misunderstandings by Valla, I intend no disrespect to the great humanist. In fact, J. E. Sandys observed that “ It may be doubted whether he [Valla], or indeed any Italian of that age, was equal to the difficult task of translating Thucydides ”.44 Today we have the many commentaries, especially of the 19th century (PoppoStahl, Krüger, Classen-Steup), which have improved the text and clarified the meaning almost throughout. 1.14.2. Thucydides traces the development of warships and says that only shortly before the Persian War and the death of Darius (486 b.c.)

On the topography, see Dover in A. W. GOMME-A. ANDREWES-K. J. DOVER, Historical Commentary on Thucydides (Oxford 1945-1981), vol. 4, pp. 478-484. 39 de Seyssel (as in n. 14). 40 Venice 1545. 41 Salamanca 1564. 42 de Jaussaud (as in n. 18). 43 Tübingen 1596. 44 A History of Classical Scholarship, vol. 2 (Cambridge 1908) 69. 38

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did rulers in Sicily and Corcyra build up large navies: Ñl…gon te prÕ tîn Mhdi⑂în, for which Valla wrongly gives “ pauloque post Medicum bellum ”, “ a little after the Persian War ”. Incredibly, Parthenius retained this but Ascensius and Stephanus corrected it. Perhaps Valla’s MS had met≠ for Thucydides’ prÕ. Or perhaps the mistranslation came directly from Valla, who surely knew the difference between “ before ” and “ after ” in Greek: an example of the tricks the brain can play on one; or the fault may have lain with his scribe Lamperti. At 7.67.1 Gylippus, the Spartan commander, assures the Syracusan forces that they have reasons for hope in the war. “ Una et ea maxima [spes]”, etc., is rightly in Valla, in P. Oxy. 1376 (= P18), B, and two later manuscripts, but Thucydides’ words t≠ d≥ poll≠ prÕj t≠j ™piceir»seij Ω meg…sth ™lp…j are omitted in all the other six older manuscripts. At 8.56.4, Alcibiades sought certain concessions from the Athenians in favor of Tissaphernes. “ Postulavit ”, “ he requested ”; so Valla, Parthenius, Ascensius, Stephanus. But the singular ºx…ou, agreeing with “ postulavit ”, is found in only two later MSS and is accepted by modern editors; ºx…oun all older MSS, implying that Alcibiades and Tissaphernes made these demands jointly. Aemilius Portus, F. Goeller,45 and Arnold46 defend the plural. THE IMPORTANCE OF VALLA Finally, the importance of this translation. We have already noticed that Valla’s Latin sometimes guides editors to correcting the Greek of our manuscripts. Somehow the right readings made their way down through the transmission, analyzed by Alberti, into Valla’s manuscript(s). These divergent readings invite us to improve our texts by reconstructing what Valla read in the Greek before him. The right readings that editors deduce from Valla’s Latin are found in the apparatuses of modern editions. Ferlauto cites some 125 places in Thucydides where at least one modern editor has emended the Greek text by following Valla’s Latin.47 Valla also launched the interest in Thucydides that led to the several translations into vernacular languages: first, by de Seyssel and then Boner, from Valla’s Latin, and then by Nicolls, from de Seyssel’s French; and by Strozzi, Diego Gracián, and de Jaussaud from the Greek. In the time of the Byzantine empire, Thucydides was widely read, and imitated above all by the historian Procopius, but in the western European 45 46 47

His edition, London 1835. Oxford-London, ed. 3, 1868. Ferlauto (as in n. 36), 15-31.

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middle ages he is scarcely to be found. Indeed, his writings were probably unavailable in most libraries and collections. The first Greek manuscripts of Thucydides are known in Italy not long before 1420.48 Soon after, in 1444, Cosimo de’ Medici founded in Florence the great library, usually called the Laurentian after his grandson, Lorenzo “ the Magnificent ”, which houses the most renowned manuscript of the historian. 49 The sudden attention to Thucydides, the historian of political power and its uses, in the fifteenth century, is in line with social thought in the age of Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527). This author of profound essays on history and statesmanship read Thucydides, probably in Valla’s translation as edited by Parthenius.50 The intellectual ferment of the Renaissance provided the ideal stage for the dissemination and reception of Thucydides’ thought. It was Lorenzo Valla who laid the foundation for Europe’s knowledge of this historian. And now, more than five hundred years after its completion, his translation, as he proudly set his name to it, is finally given to the world. MORTIMER CHAMBERS

APPENDIX Some readings in modern editions derived from Valla’s translation. 1.3.4.

ϑal£ssV ∂dh ple…w crèmenoi xunÁlϑon MSS, xunexÁlϑon Cobet mari iam plerumque usi [...] exierunt – “ they sailed out (against Troy) ”: found in Valla’s MS.?

1.100.3. pol≤mion Ãn tÕ cwr…on [aƒ ’Enn≤a πdo…] MSS, del. Cobet infestum erat id oppidum – deletion made by Valla? The name had already been mentioned. 4.127.1

nom…santej feÚgein te aÙtÕn ⑂aˆ ⑂atalabÒntej diafϑe…rein MSS diafϑere‹n Cobet ... eum fugere opinantes preventumque se interfecturos, “ thinking that he was flying and that they would overtake him and cut him off ” (Crawley). Present tense impossible, emendation by Valla?

4.130.6. oƒ d≥ ’Aϑhna‹oi [...] ™spesÒntej ™j tÕn [M≤ndhn] pÒlin MSS, del. Dobree Athenienses [...] ante urbem [...] irrumpentes. Name of city already mentioned several times, omitted deliberately by Valla?

A list is drawn up by Fryde (as in n. 7) 24-25. Codex Laurentianus LXIX. 2, from the early tenth century, usually designated “ C”. 50 For the relationship between the two authors: L. CANFORA, “ Tucidide e Machiavelli ”, Rinascimento, ser. 2, 37 (1997) 29-44. 48 49

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Vat. Lat. 1801, fol. 2r: Opening of Book 1 (see p. 3)

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Vat. Lat. 1801, fol. 73r: Opening of Book 4 (see p. 145)

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Vat. Lat. 1801, fol. 99r: Opening of Book 5 (see p. 197)

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Vat. Lat. 1801, fol. 141v: Opening of Book 7 (see p. 282)

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Vat. Lat. 1801, fol. 161v: Opening of Book 8 (see p. 322)

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:33 Pagina 37 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 89–93

37

3

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6

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7

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6

3

7 4

5

8 6

94

7 2

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2

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:33 Pagina 39 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 93–100

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99

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3

101

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4

3 103

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:33 Pagina 41 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 100–106

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6

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4 109

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:33 Pagina 43 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 106–112

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2 110

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3

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:34 Pagina 44 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

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3

113 115

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3

4

114

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:34 Pagina 45 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 112–118

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3

117

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120

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:34 Pagina 47 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 118–123

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4

122

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124

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:34 Pagina 49 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 123–128

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6

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2

3

2

3 4

5

6

130 7

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:34 Pagina 51 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 128–132

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2

133 3

4

135

2 134

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136

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:35 Pagina 53 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 132–138

53

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3

3

4

4

137

2 138

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2

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2

3

4

5 4

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:35 Pagina 55 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 138–141

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:35 Pagina 56 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

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4

6 5

6 7

7

8

9 142

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A2809 BAV the valla's bn I CAP 22-05-2008 09:35 Pagina 57 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 141–144

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145

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:46 Pagina 59 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER I, 144–146 — II, 1–4

59

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2

3

2 3

3 4

4 5

6

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60

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2

3

6

2

4

3

5

4

7 6

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:46 Pagina 61 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 4–9

61

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5

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8 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:46 Pagina 62 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

62

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5

3

6 10

4 2

3

5

6

11

7

2 8

9

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:46 Pagina 63 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 9–13

63

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2

2

3 3 4

5

13

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:46 Pagina 64 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

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2

6

15

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2

8 9

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:46 Pagina 65 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 13–18

65

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2

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3

16

4

2

5 18

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3

20

2 4

3 5 4

19

5 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:47 Pagina 67 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 18–23

67

2

2

3

3

23

2

22

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:47 Pagina 68 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

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24

3

4

2 5

25 26

2

2 27

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:47 Pagina 69 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 23–30

69

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4

5 28

29 6

7 2 30 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:47 Pagina 70 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

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31

2

3 2

34

2

3

3

32 4

5 33

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:47 Pagina 71 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 30–36

71

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3

7

8

36

2 35

3

4 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:47 Pagina 72 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

72

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2

37

39

2 2

3

3

38 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:47 Pagina 73 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 36–42

73

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40

41

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3

4 3

5 4

42

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:47 Pagina 74 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

74

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2

3

4 2

3

4

43 5

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:47 Pagina 75 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 42–47

6

75

45

44

2

2

46 3

2 4

47

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:48 Pagina 76 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

76

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3

49

2 4

3

48

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3

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:48 Pagina 77 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 47–51

77

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8

5 50

2

6

51

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:48 Pagina 78 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

78

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52

3

2

4

3

4 54

2

53 3

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:48 Pagina 79 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 51–58

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5 5 6

57 55

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56

58

2

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80

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3

3

4

59

2

5

6

3

7

61

60

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:48 Pagina 81 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 58–62

81

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4

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5

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:48 Pagina 82 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

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63

3

2

3

4

64

5

6

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:48 Pagina 83 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 63–65

83

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8

3

4

9

5

10

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7

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84

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12

2

13

3

66 4

2

67

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:48 Pagina 85 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 65–70

85

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4 2 5

70

6 7

8

2

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4

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:49 Pagina 86 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

86

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4

72

71

2

2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:49 Pagina 87 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 70–75

87

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2

73

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3

2

74

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:49 Pagina 88 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

88

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5

6

76 77

2

2

3 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:49 Pagina 89 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 75–79

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6

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3

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5 3

4

6

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4

7 5

80 6

7

8

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3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:49 Pagina 91 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 79–93

91

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3

82

4

83

5

2

3 6

7

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:49 Pagina 92 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

92

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4

5

84

4

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85

2 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:50 Pagina 93 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 83–87

93

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4

3

5

4

5

6

6 87

86

2

2 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:50 Pagina 94 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

94

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88

4

2

3 5

6 89

7 2

8

9

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:50 Pagina 95 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 87–90

95

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6 10

11

7

90

8

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:50 Pagina 96 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

96

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3

4 4

5

92 6

2 91

3

4

2 5

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:50 Pagina 97 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 90–94

97

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7

94 93

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4 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:50 Pagina 98 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

98

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2 95

3

2 4

97 3

96

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:50 Pagina 99 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 94–99

99

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3

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5 99

6

2

3

98

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100

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4 4

5 5

6

101 100

2

2

3

3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's II CAP 22-05-2008 09:50 Pagina 101 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 99–103

101

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5

102

6

2

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3

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 09:59 Pagina 103 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER II, 103 — III, 1–6

103

4

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6

5

2 4

2

3

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5 2

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104

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9

7 2

2 3 3

10 4

5

2

8 3

4 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 09:59 Pagina 105 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 6–13

105

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6 6 7 8

11

12

2

2 3

3 4

13

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 09:59 Pagina 106 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

106

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6

7

2 14

3

4

2 15

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 09:59 Pagina 107 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 13–18

107

2

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4 3 17

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 09:59 Pagina 108 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

108

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4

5

19

4

21

2

2

20 3

4

22 2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 09:59 Pagina 109 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 18–23

109

2

8 3

23

4

2 5

3

4 6

7 5

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110

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25

24

2

26 2

2

3 3

4

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LIBER III, 23–30

27

111

29

2

3 2

28 30

2

2 3

4

3

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112

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31 33

2

2

32

3

2

34

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:00 Pagina 113 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 30–37

113

3

3

4 4

5

35

6 2

36

37 2

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114

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2

38

3 2

3

4

4

5

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:00 Pagina 115 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 38–39

115

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4 7

39 5

2

6

7

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:00 Pagina 116 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

116

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8

5 40

6 2

3

7

41 4

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LIBER III, 39–43

117

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6

2 43

2

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4

4

5

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:00 Pagina 118 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

118

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

44

2

3 4

4

5

45

6

2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:00 Pagina 119 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 43–47

46

119

6

47 2 2

3

3

4 4

5

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:00 Pagina 120 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

120

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48

50

2 2

49 3

2 51

3 2

4 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 121 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 48–53

121

4

52

53

2

2

3 3

4 4

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 122 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

122

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54

2 3

2

4 3

4

56

2

5

3

55 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 123 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 54–58

123

5

4

6 58

7

2 57

3

2 4

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 124 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

124

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5 3

4 59

60

2

61

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 125 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 58–63

125

5

2

63

62 2

2

3

3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 126 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

126

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4 5

65

64 2

2

3 3

4

66

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 127 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 63–67

127

2

3

4

3

5

6 67

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 128 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

128

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7

68

4

5

69

2

2

3

70

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 129 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 67–74

129

2 2

3 72

4 2

5

3

6 73

74

71

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:01 Pagina 130 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

130

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2

4

5 3

75

76

77

2

2 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 131 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 74–81

131

3 3

78

80

2

2

3 81

4 79 2

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 132 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

132

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3

4

3

5 4

82 5

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 133 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 81–84

133

7

83

2

8

3

4

84

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 134 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

134

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86 2 2

3

3

85 4 2

5 87 3 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 135 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 84–90

135

3

3 4

88 4

2 5

3 90

4

2 89

3 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 136 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

136

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4

3 91 4

2

3

5

4

5 6

6 93 92 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 137 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 90–95

137

3 2

4

5

94

95

2

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 138 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

138

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3

3 96

2 98

3

2 97

3 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 139 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 95–102

139

4

5

99

102

2 100

3 2

4 101

2

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 140 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

140

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

6

7

103

2

3

4

3

5 104

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 141 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 102–107

141

4

6 106

105

2

3

2

107

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:02 Pagina 142 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

142

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2

3

2

3

4 109

2

108

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:03 Pagina 143 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER III, 107–112

143

4

3 112

110

2

111

2

3

4 2

5 3

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:03 Pagina 144 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

144

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7 5

6

8

113

114 2

3

2 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:03 Pagina 145 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

145

3

5

6

116

4 2

3 115

2

1 3

2 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's III CAP 22-05-2008 10:03 Pagina 146 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

146

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3

4

2

2

2

3

3

4

4 2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:45 Pagina 147 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 1–8

147

3 8

5 2

2

3 6

4

2 5 7

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:45 Pagina 148 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

148

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

7

8

3

4

9 10

9

2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:45 Pagina 149 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 8–12

149

4

4

5

12

11

2

2

3 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:45 Pagina 150 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

150

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

13

2

2

3 3

4

5 4

14 15

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 151 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 12–17

2

151

3

17

16 2

3

4

2 5

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 152 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

152

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

18

2 2

3

3 4

4

20 5

2

19

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 153 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 17–23

153

2

3

4

3

21

23

2

3

2

22

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 154 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

154

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 24

2

4

5 3

4

6

7

5

8

25 9

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 155 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 23–27

155

10 5

11 6

7

12

26

2 8

9 3 27

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 156 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

156

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

2

3

3

4

4

5 5

28

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 157 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 27–31

157

2 3

3 4

31 4

2 30

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 158 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

158

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

33

32

2

2

3 34

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 159 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 31–37

159

2 36

3 2

35

3 2

3 37

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 160 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

160

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

38 39

2

3 2

3 40

2 4

5 41

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:46 Pagina 161 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 37–43

2

161

3

4 3

43

4

42

2

3

2

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 162 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

162

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

6 5

44

45

2

2

3 46 4

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 163 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 43–49

163

3

2 4

5 3

47 2

4

3

5

6

49 48

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 164 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

164

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 50

2

3

53

51 2

52 3 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 165 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 49–56

165

54

2

2

3

3

4

4

56

55

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 166 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

166

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

58

57

2

59

3 2

4

3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 167 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 56–62

167

2

60 3

4

5

2

6

7 61

62

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 168 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

168

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

2

3

64

4

2 3 63

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 169 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 62–67

169

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5 2

3 65

2

3

4

67

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 170 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

170

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

68 2 3

3

4

4

5

5

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 171 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 67–71

171

4

70 69

2

2

3

71

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 172 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

172

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

2 73

72 2

3

2

4

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:47 Pagina 173 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 71–76

173

4 75

74

2

2

3

76

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:48 Pagina 174 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

174

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2 77

3

2

4

78

5

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:48 Pagina 175 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 76–80

175

2 3

4

3

80

5

2 6 3

79

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:48 Pagina 176 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

176

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

83 4

2 5

3 81

2 4

5

3 6 82

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:48 Pagina 177 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 80–86

177

5 84 6 2

7

85

86 2

3 4

2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:48 Pagina 178 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

178

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

3

5 4

5 6

6

87

88

2

2

89

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:48 Pagina 179 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 86–92

179

4

91 2

90

2

92

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:48 Pagina 180 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

180

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

6

2

7

3

4

93

5 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:48 Pagina 181 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 92–96

181

2 3

4

3

96 5 94

2

3 2

95

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 182 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

182

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

3 5

6 4 7

98 8

9 2

97

3 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 183 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 96–101

183

4 100

5

6

2

7

8 3

99 4

5

101

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 184 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

184

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 2

4 3

4 103

5

2

3 102

4 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 185 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 101–106

185

5

5 105

104 2

2

3

106

4

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 186 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

186

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3

4 2

107 3

2

4

3

5

108

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 187 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 106–111

187

2 7

109

2

3

111 4

2

5

110

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 188 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

188

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

112

2

2 3

3

113

2 4

3 114

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5

A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 189 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 111–118

189

115 3

2 117

3

2

116

3

118 2

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 190 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

190

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 7 8 4 9

10

11

12

13 5 14

6

119

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 191 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 118–122

191

2

121 3

120

2 2

122

3 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:49 Pagina 192 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

192

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3

3 4 4

5 124

6

123 2 3

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:50 Pagina 193 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 122–126

193

3

4 4

126

125 2

3

4

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:50 Pagina 194 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

194

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

5 2

6

128

2

127

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3

A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:50 Pagina 195 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER IV, 126–130

195

4 4

5

5 129 130

2

2

3 3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:50 Pagina 196 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

196

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3

5 132

2 6

7

3

131 133 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:50 Pagina 197 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

2 2

3

1

4

134

2 2

2 135

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's IV CAP 22-05-2008 10:50 Pagina 198 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

198

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4 6

3

4

2

3 2

4

3

5 4

6

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:16 Pagina 199

(Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER V, 2–7

199

5

4

5 2

3 7

2

6

2

3

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:16 Pagina 200

200

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4 9

5

2

3 8

2 4

5 3 6

4

7

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:16 Pagina 201

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LIBER V, 7–10

201

8

9

4

5

10

6 10

2

7

8

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:16 Pagina 202

202

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

9

2

3 10 12

11

2 12 13 11

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:16 Pagina 203

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LIBER V, 10–16

14

203

15

2

2

3

16

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:16 Pagina 204

204

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

3

18

2

17

3

2

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4

A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:16 Pagina 205

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LIBER V, 16–19

205

8 5

9

10

6 11 7

19

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 206

206

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3

20

2

22

2

3

3 21 23

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 207

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LIBER V, 19–26

207

2

25

3

4

2 5 3 6

24 26

2 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 208

208

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

3

4

3 5 28

2 6

27

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 209

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LIBER V, 26–30

209

3 29

2

2

3 3

4

4

30

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 210

210

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

5 6

31

32 2

2 3

3

4 4 5

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 211

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LIBER V, 30–35

211

6

2 7

33

35

2 2

3

3

34

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 212

212

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

5

6 2

7

37

2 8

36

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 213

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LIBER V, 35–39

213

3

4 4

5

39 38 2

2

3

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 214

214

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

41

2

40

2

3 3

42

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 215

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LIBER V, 39–44

215

3

2

44

43

2 2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 216

216

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

46

45

47

2

2

3

3

4

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:17 Pagina 217

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LIBER V, 44–47

217

4

5

5 47

2

6

3

7

8

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 218

218

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

9

3 49

10

11

2

12

3

48 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 219

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LIBER V, 47–52

219

5 5

50

51

2 2

3

52 4

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 220

220

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

55 53

2

54 3

4

2

56

3

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2

A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 221

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LIBER V, 52–59

221

58 3

2 4

5

57

3

4

2

5 59

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 222

222

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2 2

3

3

4

4 5 5

6 60

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 223

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LIBER V, 59–64

223

61 2

63 2

2 3 4 3

5 4

62 64

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 224

224

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2 3 3 4

4

5

5

6 65

2

66

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 225

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LIBER V, 64–69

225

68

2 3

4

3 67

69

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 226

226

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

2

3

70

72

71

2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 227

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LIBER V, 69–75

227

4 4

74

2 73

3

2

75 3

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 228

228

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 3

4

79 5

77

2

6

3 4

76

5

6

2 7

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 229

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LIBER V, 75–81

8

229

80

78

2 79

7

3 2

3

4 81

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:18 Pagina 230

230

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

5

6

82

83 2

2

3

3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:19 Pagina 231

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LIBER V, 81–89

231

84

86

2

87

3 88

85 89

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:19 Pagina 232

232

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

92 93

94

90

95

96

97 91

2 98

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:19 Pagina 233

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LIBER V, 89–105

233

102

103

99 2

104

100

101

105

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:19 Pagina 234

234

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THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

107 2

108

109

3

110 4

2

111 106

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:19 Pagina 235

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LIBER V, 105–114

235

2 112

2

3

3

113

4

114

5

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's V CAP 22-05-2008 11:19 Pagina 236

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115 4 2

3 1 4

116

2

2 2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:36 Pagina 237 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER V, 114–116 — VI, 1–4

237

2 6

3

3

4 2

3 5

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:36 Pagina 238 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

238

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

6 2

5

3

2

3 4

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:36 Pagina 239 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 4–7

239

3

6

7

2

2

3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:36 Pagina 240 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

240

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

9 8

2

2

3

3 10

4 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:36 Pagina 241 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 7–11

241

2

3 3

4 4

5

5

6 11

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:37 Pagina 242 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

242

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

13

7

12

2

2

14

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:37 Pagina 243 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 11–16

243

15

2 2

3 3

4 4

5

5

16

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:37 Pagina 244 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

244

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

6

5

17

6

7

2 8

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:37 Pagina 245 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 16–19

245

18

5

6 2

3

7

4

19

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:37 Pagina 246 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

246

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

21

20

2

2

3

22

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:37 Pagina 247 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 19–25

247

24

2

3

23

2

4

3 25

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:37 Pagina 248 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

248

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

28

26 2

2

29 27

2 2

3 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:37 Pagina 249 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 25–31

249

2

30

3

2

31

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:37 Pagina 250 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

250

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

4

5 3

33

6

32 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:38 Pagina 251 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 31–34

251

34 3

4

2

5

3

4

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:38 Pagina 252 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

252

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

7

8

5

9

6

35

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:38 Pagina 253 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 34–38

253

2

36

2

2

3

38 4 2

37

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:38 Pagina 254 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

254

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3

4

2

2

40 5

2 39

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:38 Pagina 255 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 38–44

255

2

41 43

2

3

4

42

44

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:38 Pagina 256 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

256

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2 46

2

47 3

3

4

45

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:38 Pagina 257 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 44–49

257

4

46 5

49

47

2

3

48

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:38 Pagina 258 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

258

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

5

51 50

2

2

3 3

52 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:38 Pagina 259 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 49–54

259

2

2

53

3

2

4

5

3

54

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 260 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

260

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

6

7

4

56

55

2

3 2

57 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 261 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 54–60

261

59

2 2

3 3

4

4 58

2

60

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 262 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

262

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

2

3

3 4

4

5 5

61

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 263 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 60–64

6

263

4

5 7

63

2 62

2

3 3

64

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 264 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

264

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

2

3

3

66

2 65

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 265 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 64–69

3

265

68

2

67

3

2

4

69 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 266 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

266

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

70

2 2

3

3

4

71

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 267 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 69–73

267

2

5

72

2 73

3

2

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 268 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

268

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 74

4

2

76

75 2

2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:39 Pagina 269 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 73–78

4

269

78

77

2

3

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 270 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

270

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4 80

2 79

3

2

4 3

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 271 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 78–84

81

271

83

82

2

2

3 3

4

84

4 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 272 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

272

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 86

2

85

3

2

4

3 5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 273 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 84–88

273

5

88

87

2

2

3 3

4 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 274 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

274

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

5

10 6

89 7

2

8

3

9

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 275 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 88–91

275

3

4

5

6

4

91

2 90

2 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 276 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

276

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

92

2

5 3

6

4

7

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 277 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 92–95

277

94

2 93

2 3

4 3

95 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 278 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

278

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2 2

96

3

4 2

5 3

98 97

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:40 Pagina 279 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 95–100

279

3 2

4

3 100

4

99

2

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:41 Pagina 280 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

280

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 6

101

2 102

3

2

4

3

5

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:41 Pagina 281 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 100–105

281

104

103

2

2

3

4 3

105

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:41 Pagina 282 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

2

2

3

3

4

1 5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:41 Pagina 283 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VI, 105— VII, 1–4

283

2

2

3

2

3 4

4 5

4

3

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VI CAP 22-05-2008 11:41 Pagina 284 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

284

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 7

5 4

2

3

5

4 6

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 11:59 Pagina 285 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 4–9

285

3

4 2

8 3

2 4

7 3

9 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 11:59 Pagina 286 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

286

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

12 10

2

11

3

2

4

5

3 13

2

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 11:59 Pagina 287 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 9–16

287

15

14

2 2

3 16

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 11:59 Pagina 288 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

288

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

2

17

2

3 3

4

4

18

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 11:59 Pagina 289 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 16–21

289

19

20

2

2

3

3 4 21

2 5

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 11:59 Pagina 290 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

290

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

23

4

2

5

22

3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 11:59 Pagina 291 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 21–25

291

2

24 3

2

4

5

3

6

25

7

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 11:59 Pagina 292 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

292

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 8

27 9

2

3

26

4

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 11:59 Pagina 293 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 25–29

293

5

4

28

29 2

3 2

3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 294 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

294

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

31

5

2 30

3 2

4

3

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5

A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 295 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 29–34

295

2

3

32

4

5

2 6

33 34

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 296 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

296

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

7

2 8

3 4 35

5

2

6

36

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 297 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 34–37

297

2 6

3

37

2

4

3 5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 298 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

298

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

38

40

2 2

3 3

4

39

2 5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 299 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 37–42

299

41

2

3

3

4

42

4

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 300 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

300

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

5

4

6

5

43

6

2 7

44 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 301 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 42–45

301

6 2

3

7

8

4

45

2 5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 302 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

302

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

46

48

2

47

3 2

3

4 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 303 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 45–50

5

303

3

4

50

6

49

2 2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 304 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

304

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

52

4

2

51

53

2

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2

A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:00 Pagina 305 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 50–56

305

2

3

4

56

2

54

55

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 306 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

306

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

5 4

57 6

2 7

3

4 8

9

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 307 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 56–59

307

3

10

11

4

59 58 2

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 308 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

308

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3 4

60 5 2

61

2

3

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 309 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 59–64

62

309

2

3

2

3

4

4

64 63

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 310 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

310

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3

66

2 2

3

65

67

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 311 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 64–69

311

2

2

3

3

4

69

2 68

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 312 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

312

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

3

3

4 4

70 5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 313 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 69–71

313

71

6

2

3

7

8

4

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 314 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

314

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

6

4

73

7

2 72

2

3

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3

A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:01 Pagina 315 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 71–75

315

75

2

3

4

74 4

2

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:02 Pagina 316 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

316

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

77

6

2

7

3

4

76

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:02 Pagina 317 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 75–79

317

2

3

5

4

6

7

5

6

78

79

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:02 Pagina 318 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

318

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

80 81

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:02 Pagina 319 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 79–83

319

82 2

3 2

4

3

83

5 2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:02 Pagina 320 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

320

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

5 3

4 85

5

84 2

2

3

3

4

4 86

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:02 Pagina 321 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VII, 83–87

321

2

2

3

4 3

4

5

5 6

87

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A2809 BAV the valla's VII CAP 22-05-2008 12:02 Pagina 322 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

1

4

2

2

2

3 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 323 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 1–5

323

4

5 3

2

2

3

4

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 324 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

324

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3

5

4

6 5

7

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 325 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 5–10

325

8

3

2

10

3

2

4

3 9

2

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 326 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

326

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

12

11

2 2

3

13 3

14

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 327 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 10–17

327

2 2

3

16

15

2

3

17

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 328 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

328

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

2

3

19

2 3

3

4 4 18

20

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 329 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 17–23

329

2 2

23 21

2

3 22

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 330 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

330

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

5

3

6 4

5 24

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 331 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 23–36

331

5

25 26

2

2 3

3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 332 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

332

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

27

6

28

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 333 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 26–32

5

333

2

29 31

2 2

3

4 30

32

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:14 Pagina 334 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

334

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

2

34

3

33 35

2 2

3

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 335 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 32–38

335

3 4 4

36

5

2

38

37

2

2 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 336 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

336

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

5 4 40

39

2

2

3

3

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41

A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 337 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 38–43

337

2

2 3

4

3

43

4

2

42

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 338 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

338

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

4

45 4

44

2 2

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 339 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 43–47

339

3

3 4

5

6 4

46

5

2

47

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 340 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

340

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3

2

4

48

5

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 341 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 47–51

341

6 3

7 4 49 5

50

2 51

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 342 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

342

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

53

2

2

3

52

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 343 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 51–56

343

54 2

2

3 3

56 4

2

55

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 344 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

344

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

58 4

2

3

4

57

5

6

7

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 345 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 56–62

345

59

2

60

3

2 62

3 2

61 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:15 Pagina 346 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

346

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

64

63

2

2

3 3

4

4

5

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 347 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 62–67

347

65

2

3

4

3

5

66

67

2

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 348 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

348

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2

3 3

4

68

69

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 349 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 67–71

349

71 3

4

70

2

2 3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 350 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

350

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

72

4

2 5

73

2 6

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 351 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 71–76

351

74

2

3 3

76

2

75

3

2

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 352 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

352

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

77

78

5

6

79 7

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 353 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 76–81

2

353

2

3

3

4 4

5 81 6

80

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 354 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

354

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3

83 3

2

3 82

2 84

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 355 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 81–86

355

3 3

4 4

5 86

2

85 3

2

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 356 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

356

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

9

5 87

6

2 7 3

8

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 357 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 86–89

357

4

89

5

2

6

88

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 358 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

358

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

2 3

3

4 4

90

5

91

2

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:16 Pagina 359 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 89–92

359

3 3

4

92

2 5

6

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:17 Pagina 360 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

360

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

11

7

8 93

9

2 10

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:17 Pagina 361 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 92–95

361

3

3

94

4

2

3 5

6 95

2 7

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:17 Pagina 362 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

362

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

5

96

2

97

3 2

4

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:17 Pagina 363 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 95–100

363

98

2

3

100

4

2

99

3

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:17 Pagina 364 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

364

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

3

4

102

5

2

101

3 2 103

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:17 Pagina 365 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 100–105

365

2

5 3

105 104 2

2

3

3

4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:17 Pagina 366 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

366

THVCYDIDIS HISTORIAE

107

106

2

2 108

3

2

4

3 5 4

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A2809 BAV the valla's VIII CAP 22-05-2008 12:17 Pagina 367 (Nero/Process Black pellicola)

LIBER VIII, 105–109

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