Thomas Carlyle: Letters to His Wife [Reprint 2013 ed.] 9780674331716, 9780674282858

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THOMAS CARLYLE Letters to His Wife

THOMAS

CARLYLE

Letters to His Wife

Edited by TRUDY

BLISS

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

1953

Copyright 1953 by Trudy Bliss

Printed in Great Britain by The Camelot Press Ltd., London and Southampton

IN LOVING MEMORY OF

R.H.

CONTENTS Acknowledgments

page n

Introduction

13

Chapter I. 1827-1831. Craigenputtock and the Venture to London II. 1831-1832. again

London

continued.

Craigenputtock

III. 1834-1838. The Move to London.

23 51

The French

Révolution. Scotsbrig

90

I V . 1841. Fryston. Leeds. Keswick

123

V . 1842. Death of Mrs. Welsh. Disposal of Templand V I . 1842. Mrs. Carlyle at Troston

131 149

V I I . 1843. First Visit to Mr. Redwood. Bishop Thirlwall

161

V I I I . 1843. Scotsbrig. Dunbar Battlefield. Liniathen

179

I X . 1844. Carlyle in Chelsea at work on Cromwell

197

X . 1845. Cromwell completed. Seaforth. Scotsbrig

207

X I . 1846. First Disagreement Beattock X I I . 1847-1849.

Scotsbrig.

over Lady

The

Grange.

Harriet.

221

Ireland.

Glen Truim

234

X I I I . 1849-1850. Second visit to Wales. Scotsbrig

260

X I V . 1851. Paris. First German Tour

2 74

X V . 1853-1856. Illness and Death of Carlyle's mother. Suffolk. Kinloch Luichart

303

X V I . 1857-1858. Death of Lady Ashburton. First proofs of Frederick. Second German Tour

320

X V I I . 1860-1862. Thurso Castle. Reappearance of Bessy Barnet

348

X V I I I . 1863-1864. T h e Accident to Mrs. Carlyle. Her illness. St. Leonards. Chelsea

359

X I X . 1865. Carlyle in Dumfriesshire X X . 1866. Carlyle in Edinburgh for the Address. Scotsbrig

376 Rectorial 383

Glossary of Proper Names

396

Bibliography

406

Index

409

L I S T OF I L L U S T R A T I O N S between pages SS4 and 225 I.

Letter from Thomas Carlyle to Jane Welsh Carlyle, April, 1827

IIA.

Thomas Carlyle from a drawing by Samuel Laurence, 1838

IIB.

Margaret Aitken Carlyle from an oil portrait by Maxwell of Dumfries, 1842

IIIA.

Lady Ashburton from a drawing by Samuel Laurence

IIIB. Jane Welsh Carlyle from a photograph by Tait, 1855 IV.

Thomas Carlyle, a cartoon from Vanity Fair, October 22nd, 1870

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147, 179. 180-1» 186, 207, 214-16, 219, 226, 234, 280, 306, 309, 311, 315, 331, 334, 354, 379) 382, 386, 388

410

INDEX

Carlyle, Jamie (son of James Carlyle), 382, 388, 389, 391 Carlyle, Jane (Carlyle's sister Jean), 19, 20,78, 90, 91, 126, 134, 187,216,230, 269, 280-1, 306, 308, 310, 330-1, 343, 363. 366, 373, 378-9, 388, 390, 391-2, 393. 394» 395 Carlyle, Jane Welsh (née Jane Baillie Welsh): girlhood in Haddington, 15; first meeting with Carlyle, 15 ; illness and death of A u n t Jeannie, 27-9; her "mysticism", 42-3; news of a gift from T . C . , 55, 60; planning to move to London, 74 et seq.; learns of T . C . ' s house-hunting progress, 93 et. seq.; death of Mrs. Welsh, 131-7; with the BuIIers in Suffolk (1842), 150 et seq.; visits the Isle of Wight with Mr. Sterling, 181 ; battle with the Chelsea "bogues", 184-5; Liverpool excursion with Gambardella, 199; friction with T . C . over L a d y Harriet, 222-3, 230-3, 317-19; an impertinent maid at Cheyne R o w , 265-6; illness and death of T . C . ' s mother, 302 et seq.; encourages T . C . about Frederick, 327; accident and illness (1863-64), 360 et seq.; convalescence with the Russells, 369-75; death, 393-5 Carlyle, Janet (Carlyle's sister Jenny), 20, 90, 118, 180, 185, 186, 214, 215, 23°. 269, 392 Carlyle, John (Carlyle's brother Jack), 19, 20, 30-1, 35-7, 39, 43, 45, 46, 50, 52, 57-8, 61-2, 64, 67, 68, 70, 73, 78, 83, 84, 103, 107, 116, 124, 134, I3 8 . 141, 156, 1 6 6 , 1 7 6 , 178,180, 184, 186, 189-90, 198, 203, 206, 207, a n , 212-13, 214, 216, 217, 229, 240, 242-3» 250, 251, 258, 259, 265, 276, 279-81, 283, 288, 303, 304, 306-10, 335-6, 343, 348, 351, 354, 360, 363-8, 369-71» 373» 378-9» 386, 393, 395» 402 Carlyle, Mrs. John (formerly Mrs. Watts), 280, 303, 304, 354 Carlyle, Margaret, (Carlyle's mother), 8, 9, 10, l i , 14, 16, 18, 20, 59, 82, 85, 86, 90, 103-4, 109, 117, 118, 127, 133, 179, 180, 1 8 1 , 2 0 7 , 2 1 1 , 215-20, 228, 229, 232, 239, 240, 242, 267, 270, 279, 281, 294, 303, 305, 306, 307 Carlyle, Margaret (Carlyle's sister), 18 Carlyle, M a r y (Carlyle's sister), 1920, 90, 91, 117, 138, 216, 310, 316, 354» 356, 368, 369, 377, 381, 382, 39'"2 Carlyle, T h o m a s : first meeting with Jane Welsh, 15; parentage and family, 19-20; critical of Craigenputtock tenant, 24-6; moves from

C a r l y l e , Thomas—cont. Comley Bank to Craigenputtock, 29; visits London, 33 et seq.; seeks publisher for Sartor Resartus, 35 et seq.; negotations with J o h n Murray, 35-6, 38, 41, 47, 49, 57, 64, 72-3, 80-4; visits House of Commons to hear Reform Bill debate, 48-9; at Enfield with the Badams, 63; meets J o h n Stuart Mill, 71-2; plans for J . W . C , to join him in London, 74-84; visits Craigenputtock on family business, 86-9; the move to London, 90-7; finds Cheyne R o w house, 99-101; decides on Cheyne R o w house, 104-5; visits his mother at Scotsbrig (1835), 106-9; writing the French Revolution, 106 et seq.; visits J . S. Mill, i n ; success of French Revolution, 119, 121-2; visits Yorkshire with Milnes (1841), 121 et seq.; publishes Heroes and Hero Worship, 126; on to C u m b e r land to visit T h o m a s Spedding, 129; death of Mrs. Welsh, 131-7; disposal of T e m p l a n d , 137-43; Chartism, 152; visits Charles Redwood in Wales, 161 et seq.; his clothes, 185-6, 190, 213, 238; working on Cromwell, 197 et seq.; Mazzini correspondence and the Home Secretary, 197-8; Cromwell completed, 210-11; sees Green the aeronaut, 210; the attractions of L a d y Harriet, 222 et seq.; meets Samuel Bamford, 234-5; e x _ pedition to Stonehenge with Emerson, 246-7; visits Ireland, 248-9; death of Lord Jeffrey, 260; calls on Landor on journey to Wales, 261; on Tennyson's marriage, 271-2; to Paris with the Brownings, 274-8; goes to Germany, 284 et seq.; illness and death of his mother, 302 et seq.; works on Frederick 321 it seq.; T a i t paints the Cheyne R o w house, 322-4, 326; second visit to G e r m a n y for Frederick material, 336-47; at Thurso Castle with Sir George Sinclair, 348-54; reappearance of Bessy Barnet, 355-6; J . W . C . ' s accident, 360 et seq.; back in Dumfriesshire (1865), 376 et seq.; views on Trollope, 381; elected Rector of Edinburgh University and delivers Rectorial Address, 383-7; death of J . W . C . , 394-5 Carson, Dr., 34 Catherine (James Carlyle's housekeeper), 379 Cavaignac, Godefroi, i n , 137, 277 Chalmers, M r . , 312, 400

INDEX Chambers, Mr. (a neighbour in Cheyne R o w ) , 347 Chambers, Professor, 306 Chapman (the publisher), a n , 223, 288, 394 Chartism, 123, 148, 152, 160 Chorley, Henry, 176, 212, 374 Chorley, John, 176, 212, 304, 374 Christie (the indexer of Cromwell), 207, 212, 217, 229 Clanricarde, Lord, 293 Clare, Countess of, 57-8,61, 78,116,402 Clarendon, Lord, 249 Clowes, the printer, 80 Cobbet, John, 235 Cochrane (editor of the Foreign (Quarterly Review), 59, 94, 95 Cochrane (librarian at the London library), 149 Colburn and Bentley (the publishers), 64. 72-3 Coleridge, S. T . , 227 Conway, Moncure, 385η, 386 Cornwall, Barry, 26, 66 η Corson (a Craigenputtock neighbour), 187, 218, 256 Crabbe (son of George Crabbe, the poet), 312, 314 Crabbe, Miss, 312 Craik, G. L., 134, 139, 151, 197, 218, 226, 242, 366-7 Craik, Mary, 366η, 367 Crawfords, the, 162, 163, 172 Cromwell, Oliver, 157, 159, 160, 173, 175. 19«. 192, 210, 314 Cunningham, Allan, 39, 41, 50, 56-7, 65, 66, 101, 102, 397 DARBYSHIRE, M r s . ,

204

Darley, George, 209 Darwin, Ε. Α., 126, 132, 171, 177, 197, 212, 227, 322, 323 Dickens, Charles, 123, 218, 236, 398 Dilke, C . W., 56-7, 66 Dilke, Mrs., 56-7 Disraeli, Benjamin, 324 Disraeli, Mrs. Benjamin, 324 Dobie, Mr., 138, 188 Donaldson, the Misses, 124, 126, 190, 191, 211-12, 253, 258 Dow, Mr., 53-4 Drummond, Henry, 50, 54-5 Dufferin, Lady, 305 Dufferin, Lord, 259 Duffy, C . G., 227, 250-3 Durham, Lord, 48 ECKERMAN, J . P.,

Emma (a maid in 1850), 270, 272 Empson, William, 41, 57, 63, 64, 66, 67, 121 Erskine, Thomas, 193, 194, 195, 196, 387» 394 Ewart, Mrs., 380 Eyre, Governor, 388 FAIRIE, R O B E R T ,

254,

325

Fanny (a maid in 1852), 303, 304 Fergus, Elizabeth, 120, 151 Ferrars, Earl, 70 Fitzgerald, Edward, 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 , 226, 238, 311-14 Fonblanque, A . W., 46 Forster, John, 126, 146, 183, 213, 218, 220, 227η, 236, 242, 250, 284, 363, 372, 392, 393, 395, 398 Forster, Mrs. John, 368, 370, 393 Forster, W. E., 166, 234, 244 Fox, George, 185 Fox, Miss, 156 Foxton, Mr., 333, 335-6, 337-8, 340-1, 343) 344, 345, 347 Fraser, James, 49-50, 55-6, 93, 101,250, 251 Fraser, William, 39, 58, 61, 64, 68, 72 Frederick the Great. See History of Friederich II, called The Gnat French Revolution, The, 13, 84, 90, 106, n o , 112-14, 116, 118-21, 148, 327 Froude, J. Α., n , 17, 314, 392, 393, 395; 402 Fyffe, Mr., 51 GALWAY, LADY,

126

Gambardella, Spiridione, 156, 199 German Literary History, 38, 56 German Romance, 17 Gibson, Thomas Milner, 223 Gifford, Lord, 305 Gilchrist, Kate, 69 Glen, Mr., 61, 67 Godwin, William, 45-6, 398 Goethe, J . W. von, 14, 15, 17, 39, 60, 68, 239η, 278, 292, 294, 295» 305» 398-400 Gordon, Mr., 194-5 Graham, Sir James, 197, 402 Grant, Mr., 111-12 Granville, Lord, 305 Green, the aeronaut, 210 Grey, Lord, 47, 199, 223 Griffiths, a carpenter, 304 Grote, George, 11 in Grote, Mrs. George, 111 Guthrie, an architect, 205

292

Ellice, Edward, 318, 324 Emerson, R . W., 87, 121, 140-1, 211, 238, 243-8, 318, 392

HALLEY'S COMET,

io8n

Hamilton, Lady, 47 Hamilton, Sir William, 33, 47

412

INDEX

Hanning, Robert, 20, 214 Hanning, Janet. See Carlyle, Janet Helen (Helen Mitchell a maid), 151, !53> i55> ! 5 6 , i 8 4 , 201, 204, 228 Herbert, Sydney, 324 Heroes and Hero-Worship. See On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History Hickson, Mrs., 120 Hiddlestone, Margaret (a maid at Templand), 139, 144, 145, 183, 188 Hill, R o w l a n d , 32, 322 History of Friederich II called the Great, 278, 280, 302, 320, 322, 323, 326-8, 348, 354. 359, 375, 376, 379 Holland, Dr., 57, 61 Holland, L a d y , 199-200 Howiek, L a d y , 199 Howiek, Lord, 199 Hudson, George, 240 Hume, Joseph, 48, 49 Hunt, Leigh, 93, 96, 98, 99, 349, 400 Hunt, Mrs. Leigh, 93, 96, 400 Hunter, Dr., 284 Hunter, Mr., of Morton Mill, 133, 134, 147 Hunter, Susan, 41 Huxley, Professor T . H . , 387, 392 INGLIS, H E N R Y ,

73

Inglis, Mrs., 151 Irving, Edward, 15, 33, 40, 45, 53-6, 67, 78, 80, 81, 94, 101, 124, 147, 227, 395, 396, 4 0 0 " 1 , 4°3 Irving, George, 35, 84 Irving, Mrs. Edward, 40-1, 69 JAMESON, A n n a Brownell, 93-4, 99 Jardine, 138, 144 Jeffrey, Charlotte (later Mrs. William Empson), 35, 41, 57, 80, 326, 402 Jeffrey, John, 41, 47, 57 Jeffrey, Lord (Francis Jeffrey), 26-27, 31, 32, 35, 41, 43, 4 4 m , 47-9, 55, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64-5, 71, 72, 80, 105, 108, 121, 137, I 94"5, 245, 260, 401, 402 Jeffrey, Mrs. Francis, 35, 41, 55, 57, 80, 121, 205, 402 Jewsbury, Frank, 235 Jewsbury, Geraldine, 132, 148, 152, 198, 203, 204, 209, 228, 230, 232-5, 325, 352, 402 Jewsbury, T o m , 235 KEMBLE, M r s . ,

360

K e n n y , Mrs., 45, 102, 398 Kingsley, Charles, 177 K n o x , John, 61 LAING, DAVID, 70,

192

L a m b , Charles, 64 Landor, Walter Savage, 123, 260-1

Landseer, Sir Edwin, 259 Lansdowne, Marquis of, 250, 318 Larkin, Henry, 367, 370 Latter Day Pamphlets, 260, 323 L a n d , Archbishop, 170, 172, 177 Lauderdale, Duke of, 314 Lawlor, Shina, 250, 252-3 Lawrence, Mrs., 235 Lind, Jenny, 236 Longmans, the publishers, 36, 38, 56, 57 Luther, Martin, 294-5 Lyell, Charles, 378 MACADAM, M R . , 187, 218, 335

Macdonald, Grace, 59 M a c Q u e e n , Robert, 136, 142, 145, 214, 218, 240 MacQueen, T o m , 24, 240 Macready, W. C . , 159, 177, 189 Macready, Mrs., 278-9 Magnus, Professor, 301, 302 Marshall, Arthur, 128 Marshall, James G . , 127-9, 269, 270-1 Marshall, Mrs. James G., 127-9, 270-1 Marshall (secretary to the Grand Duchess of Weimar), 292, 295, 296, 346 Martineau, Harriet, 102, 143, 156, 209 Mathew, Father, 176-7, 181-2 Maurice, J . F. D . , 153, 227 Mazzini, Giuseppe, 132. 190, 197, 200, 206, 228, 354, 402, 403 Meredith, George, 13, 372 Mérimée, Prosper, 276, 278 Miles, Eliza, 92, 98 Miles, M r . (part-owner of the A m p t o n St. House), 92, 100 Mile's, Mrs., 84 Mill, J . S., 66-7, 69, 71-2, 90, 95, 101, 106, 107, 111-13, 391, 403 Mills, M a r y (a maid at T e m p l a n d ) , 183, 188, 189, 316 Milnes, Richard Monckton (later Lord Houghton), 123-7, 156, 198, 241-4, 257, 259. 305, 351, 383-4, 393 M o n t a g u , Basil, 53, 65, 66n, 67, 88, 403 Montagu, Mrs. Basil, 36, 37, 41, 42, 53, 65, 67, 74, 123, 401, 403 Moir, G . , 44n2 Morgan, the builder, 149, 285, 290, 299 Murray, John, 35-6, 38, 41, 47, 49, 55, 57, 64, 72-3, 80-1, 83-4 NAPIER, MACVEY,

35, 36,

57, 59, 68n,

77 Neill, Dr., 135, 136 Nero (Mrs. Carlyle's little dog), 272, 282, 290, 298, 302, 313, 316, 320, 323-6, 332

INDEX Neuberg, Joseph, 248, 278, 282-93, 295, 297» 298, 333. 337» 341, 343» 345» 347, 367» 373-4 O ' C o N N E L L , DANIEL, 48

Oliphant, Mrs., 393 Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, 157, 160, 197, s o i , 207, 2 1 1 , 221, 327 On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History, 13, 126 O ' S h e a , Father, 250, 251 O'SuIlivan, Father, 251-2 O w e n , Sir Richard, 156 PAGE, MRS., 84, 92

Palmerston, Lord, 241 Panizzi, Sir Anthony, 257 Past and Present, 160, 211-12 Paulet, Mr., 176, 198, 201, 207, 222 Paulet, Mrs., 176, 198, 201, 207, 212, 218, 219, 222, 402 Peel, Sir Robert, 157 Prentice, Archibald, 148 Pringle, Mrs., 333-4, 339, 343, 346 Proctor, Anne, 66 Proctor, Bryan. See Cornwall, Barry QUAIN, D r . , 363 REDWOOD, CHARLES,

161-8, 222,

260,

262-5 R e d w o o d , Mrs., 162-9 Reeve, Mrs., 105, 155 Rennie, George, 39, 57, 403 Robson (a printer), 223, 364, 366, 370 Rolfe, Baron, 173-4 Rossini, G . Α . , 46 Ruskin, John, 351, 357-8, 361, 370, 381, 404-5 Ruskin, Mrs., 361, 370 Russell, Dr., 131, 133, 138, 142, 144, 347» 361, 369-71, 375» 376, 379 Russell, Lord John, 48 Russell, Mrs., 1 3 1 η , 135-6, 138-9, 184, 188, 314, 347, 351, 354-5, 369-70, 375» 376, 379 SANDWICH, L A D V ,

276,

277,

324

Sartor Resartus, 14, 31, 35-8, 43, 49, 54-6, 58, 61, 64, 65, 70-3, 80, 81, 83-4, 93, 101, 221, 250, 251, 260 Schiller, J . C . Friederich von, 15, 294-6 Scott, Alexander, 211-12 Sereetha, the Peesweep (a maid), 107 Shaftesbury, Lord, 152 Sinclair, Sir George, 348-50, 352 Smith, Sydney, 402 Spedding, James, 129 Spedding, Thomas, 128-9, 181, 269, 270

413

Spring-Rice, Thomas, 127, 128η, 244 Stanley, L a d y , 351 Stanley, Lord, 174, 200, 201 Sterling, Anthony, 204, 207, 236 Sterling, Edward, 114, 118, i 8 i , 183, 197-8, 207, 213, 236, 261, 391, 403-4 Sterling, Mrs. Edward, 114, 118, 132, 403-4 Sterling, John, 114, 140, 167, 183-4, 198, 227η, 404 Stoddard, Bess, 21 Strachey, Edward, 39, 67, 129, 158, 159, 206, 324, 401 Strachey, Mrs. Edward, 39-40, 67, 102, 157, 161, 401 TAIT, ROBERT, 322, 324,

326

Taylor, Harriet Hardy, 1 0 i n , 1 0 6 , 1 1 2 , 403 Taylor, Henry (later Sir Henry T a y l o r ) , 68, 166, 242-5 Taylor, Mrs. Henry, 128, 243-5, 262, 271,273 Tennyson, Alfred, 123, 218, 251, 270-2 Tennyson, Mrs. Alfred, 270-2 Terrot, C . H . , 115, 173 Thackeray, William Makepeace, 120, 323» 325 Thiers, M . , 276, 277 Thiers, M m e , 277 Thirlwall, Bishop, 161-3, '66, 167, 169-74, 177 Tieck, J . L . , 17, 163η, 165, 1 7 1 , 173 Trollope, Anthony, 381, 394, 404-5 T u l l o c h , Principal, 393 Twistleton, the Hon. Edward, 304 Twistleton, Mrs., 304 T y n d a l l , Professor, 383, 384, 386, 387, 392 U S E D O M , F R A U VON, 3 3 8 - 9 , 3 4 0

Usedom, Herr von, 339, 340 V E R N Y , SIR H A R R Y ,

211

Victoria, Queen, 151, 274 W E L L I N G T O N , D U K E OF, 4 8

Wetherall, Sir Charles, 48 Watts, Mrs. See Carlyle, Mrs. John Weimar, G r a n d Duchess of, 292, 296-7, 346 Weimar, G r a n d Duke of, 292, 297 Welsh, A l i c k (cousin of J a n e Welsh Carlyle), 91-2, 134 Welsh, A n n , Elizabeth, and Grace (the Edinburgh aunts), 194, 314, 316η, 326, 356, 386, 387 Welsh, Grace (mother of Jane Welsh Carlyle), 17, 18, 21, 26, 29, 30, 60, 66, 86, 87, 103, 106, 107, 110, 114, 117, 119, 127, 131, 133-6, 142, 194, 198

414

INDEX

Welsh, Helen (cousin of Jane Welsh Carlyle), 1 1 7 , 119, 134, 135, 136-8 Welsh, Jeannie (aunt of Jane Welsh Carlyle), 27-9, 134, 140-1 Welsh, Jeannie ("Babbie", cousin of J a n e Welsh Carlyle), 1 1 7 , 1 1 9 , 137, 139, 140, 149, 153, 158, 189, 198, 190 Welsh, John (father of J a n e Welsh Carlyle); 15, 16, 18, 2 1 , 3 1 , 6 1 , 106, 136, 310, 395, 401 Welsh, John (uncle of Jane Welsh Carlyle), 3 1 , 34, 74, 75, 8a, 91, 92,98, 1 1 0 * 1 1 , 1 1 7 , 1 1 9 , 133-6, 138, 188, 198,199

Welsh, Margaret (Maggie, cousin of Jane Welsh Carlyle), 360-7, 384 Welsh, Robert (uncle of J a n e Welsh Carlyle), 71 Welsh, Walter (cousin of Jane Welsh Carlyle), 1 1 7 , 1 1 9 , 249-50 Welsh, Walter (grandfather of Jane Welsh Carlyle), 18, 86, 3 1 0 Wilson, Mr. and Miss, 1 1 4 , 1 1 5 Woolner, Thomas, 357 Wordsworth, William, 42, 87, 88 Wykeham, William of, 248 Wynn, Charlotte Williams, 243, 293