The Wheatley Manuscript [1921 ed.]

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COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT: Honorary Director SIR

W.

I.

GOLLANCZ,

DALZIEL,

A.

KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON, W.C.

2.

Honorary Secretary VICTORIA ROAD, FINSBURY PARK, LONDON,

N.

F.B.A., Litt.D.,

Esq., 67,

4.

Assistant Director Miss

MABEL DAY, „

;

I

J

Hon. Sec.

Rev. Dr.

j

w

.

:

P.

KER,

SIDNEY LEE,

HENRY LITTLEHALES.

Mr.

F.B.A.

ANDREW CLARK.

Professor W. Sir

Kittredge, Harvard Coll., Cambr., Mass. Bright, Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore. _ _ _ _. .__. TT Prof. Carleton Brown, Univ. of Minnesota.

P|>of

HENRY BRADLEY,

Dr.

2.

Prof. G. L.

.

r American ]^nairmen Committee n

KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON, W.C.

D.Lit.,

Professor A. W. POLLARD.

Mr.

F.B.A., LL.D.

ROBERT STEELE,

Sir G. F.

F.B.A., Litt.D.

WARNER,

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"... "...

niadist al )>ing of noU3t."

To Oure Lady

73

" Marye, Goddis modir dere."

XL

"

To Seynt

Ioiin

"Seynt Iohn,

XII.

74

for grace J>ou craue.

Hymn FROM THE Speculum Christiam "Marye modir, wel

|>ee

74

be."

Adam and Eve

76

Prayer at the Elevation

100

XIII.

Life of

XIV.

A

Notes Glossary

..... ..... vi

101

119

Description of

PREFACE the Manuscript. — The manuscript

Add. 39574) belongs

to the

(British

Museum,

beginning of the fifteenth century.

It is

now measure

nearly

written on vellum, and contains 88 leaves, which

16 cm. by 10 cm., but which have been

much

cut down, as can be

The number of lines to a page is generally At the end of every 8th folio, with 19, sometimes one or two more. the exception of the 24th, a catch- word is written. The length of the

seen

by the

larger initials.

larger initials is two lines of the MS., except in the case of the first, which extends through eight lines, and that on p. 76, which is four They are illuminated in blue, ornamented in red smaller lines long. ;

initials,

such as those of each Latin verse of the Seven Penitential

Psalms, and of the verses of Goers Complaint, and paragraph marks, are alternately blue

where they

exist,

and

and the rubrics of

the second part of the

Two

poems,

red, the former beginning each page

VI and

MS.

all

Adam and

rhyming

;

titles,

In

Eve, are in red.

lines are bracketed in red.

VII, are written as continuous prose, the lines

being divided by stops or bars, and the verses by paragraph marks.

In

IV

the Latin verses are written in a larger

and plain book-hand.

The manuscript is written by two scribes, the change taking place after F. 32 b. Both write a book-hand of cursive type, with elements from charter-hand. The first, whom we may call A, uses a more ornamental style lar,

page

A ;

;

elaborates the upper loops of letters in the

B, to a

much

less extent,

prolongs the

first

p

icr,

:

peresche, IV,

,

;

A

to after p.

denotes a following er or ar, but

each side of the stem

b

,

,

" where," 76/3, "here," 76/4), ra,

line of his

tails in his last line.

Of the ordinary abbreviations, both use J? 1 J? u w with, and employ the ordinary signs for er (re after p the stem of

Tn particu-

the second, B, writes a plainer hand.

B

for pat, pou, also,

by B,

stroke through

also uses a clot

753, pe?*seyue,

in

on

IV, 842, parties,

77/9, perauenture, 79/6, 8O/17, temperal, 9O/20, paradys, 92/29, as against the bar in pe/soonys, IV, 952, perauenture, 8O/33, departe,

85/17.

^ ue abbreviated form Ihesu vii

is

written by

A

with a stroke

PREFACE

viii

is ihc.

is

B

with a mark over the u in IX, 11, the form Neither scribe distinguishes between capital / and J; small j

through the used by

B

by

//,

;

alone, in the combination ij

=

I.

The writing of A, being the more ornamental hand, gives more trouble in the interpretation of

and every

crossed,

k,

final

is

es abbreviation,

plain,

final 11

is

with only one or two exceptions, has a

small tick or loop following

sometimes quite

Every

abbreviations.

its

it

these I have disregarded.

;

Final

on broghte

29-30.

whan pou were borne

bare

62.

Of pat bnxum body. pat Goddes Sone wolde be hourn of pat body bolde

73.

Faythefull in frestyng

it laye.

184. pat ilke

73.

Bathe

body pat

frenchipe

hym

and

bare.

fay the

to

frayste it bese fun.

237-8.

to frayste in ]>aire fare

Faythefull and frendely. 114.

pe

poyntes of pees.

115. his dere derlyng. 136.

Goddes darlyng

126-7.

pi

It

name

84. pe poyntis of his

pmiate.

153. thi derlynge so dere.

so dere.

is full

worthy,

138 Thi

name

es

Goddes

grace.

betokenith Goddes grace.

Several of these passages, where the same words are used with

;

PREFACE

Xll

a different sense, suggest a vague verbal reminiscence of one

poem

From the method of alliteration it seems probable that the Evangelist poem was the first. It is certainly superior in its handling of the story, which in our poem on the part of the writer of the other.

is

exceedingly confused.

Possibly the .verses are in the wrong order

5 would follow better after

The with

In our poem there

o.

myrthe,

1,

and 3 and 4 might be inverted.

dialect in both is Northern, is

OE. a rhyming with

more use

of final syllabic

-e

ci,

:

but not

doute, 5

9; blode, 18, ground, 19; swete, 46; dere, 115.

8,

;

The

poem seems to be " marc," 20. IV. The Seven Penitential Psalms.— Of this poem there are several MSS. at Oxford, Digl.y 18 (D), Rawlinson A 389 (R), Ashmole 61 (A), Laud Misc. 171 (L), Digby 102 (D 2 ), Douce 232 (Do.); at the British Museum, Harley 3ee

hiseke

;

The |>eeues trespasse, it was foi^eue, Hangynge on tre his bones breke;

A

In 231-2 is

little

D

k a clene sohreue (D 2 k & body eke.

sorrowful herte

SaueJ> soule

is

more

striking,

me always

Southern text seems to

719-20 there

preferable.

A3en himsilf his wepyn he wettej), That caste]) his herte to suche perile

k wickedly

append the texts

I

of

by Adler and Kaluza.

these passages as printed

418-24.

original, in

between the two passages, but in the others the

to choose

103-4.

and may be

clene yshryue)

a3eyn

\vr0u3te

\>\

{cp.

Note on

this passage)

glory

WiJ) wordes and wij) tricchery, f>ou demest ri^t k hast victory; J^erfore }n blis

now

ltiseche

I,

For tolde hit is in niony a story, pat who so trusted to )>i mercy, Ha)) endeles blis in memory,

477-80.

A

blisful brid

Cou]>e

k kid

was

broii3t in cage,

in euery coost,

Whanne we ben drawe?i in tendre To driue adoim ]>o fendis host.

age,

(The meaning of this seems altogether obscure.

492-6.

And

penke on Cristis heiied & herte Boj)e breste, bodi & bak was bleche,

How

it

was bete

To rewe on him

scourgys smerte

wolde reche, Alas per may no ter out sterte. But certeynli noon such offryng !

515-8.

wi]j

!

I

(This

is

an echo of

v.

59.)

XV

PREFACE As

of himsilf plesaunt

may

be.

was offrid child ful 3onge (Here ours gives the better sense And aftir don on rode trc. and is nearer to the Latin.) 787-92. D omits 787-8 and adds at the end That it may be to ]n likyng, (The weakness of the lines The lyf, Jpat I schal leden here. Thi

silf

suggests that they were a stop-gap.)

And raumsum

826, 828-

eke in grete plente

.

.

.

That ow3te be take in greet doynte. His blood he schedde wilfull i,

32.

To make oure former

fadir free,

And alle oure raunsomes bi & by He quitte hiwsilf and non but he. 919-20. Late neuere

On

the whole

fend oure soulis schende, (see Note.)

]>e

But helpe us

alle boJ>e

now and

efte

!

seems therefore that the Southern texts are nearer

it

to

the original poem.

Metre.

— The

8-line stanzas of the

poem

are regularly divided

a distinct pause at the end of the fourth line.

W

exist, as in stanza 4 in

Ad 2 and

may

Ho, one

and

fairly

in stanza

Where

36 in

all

hy

this does not

versions except

assume scribal corruption.

The

lines

consist of four stressed syllables, alternating with one, or frequently

Final

two, unstressed. (1)

weak nouns,

herte, 578,

128, 194, 262, 344, 349, 405, 465, 514,

herfc[e],

683,783, 918

chirche 651,

has syllabic value in:

-e

name 665

(at

569 the handwriting changes), erthe 270,

(K), tunge 757, wille 923, food[e] 381,

bonde

895. (2)

strong fern, nouns

:

soule 11, 290 (K), 304, 372, 946, rode

195, 406, 518, sight[e] 200, synne 235, 346, 443, 912, speche 307, strengh[e] 397, myrth[e] 476, hele 481, ny$t[e] 598, lawe 621, care

706, streng]?e 822, 922, blis[se] 936. (3)

Romance nouns

:

grace 208, 251, 343, 949, gyl[e] (MS. gylt)

310, vice 368, face 424, 897. (4)

strong m. and n. dat. sg.

:

godde (K) 293, rib[be] 622,

J?riste

576. (5)

drede 13.

(6)

adjs.

(7)

weak

adjs.

(8)

st. pi.

adjs.

(9)

adverbs

with vowel stems fair[e]

:

:

oure 460, pore 413, wyld[e] 223.

694, gode (voc. sg.) 390, longe 244,

owne

580

;

:

alle 908,

depe 22,

blynde 278.

clere 15,

184, 536, more 336, oute 72, sore

XVI

PREFACE

494, 695.

however, that

(It is significant,

"more"

494, and the comp.

all

these except " sore "

precede a pp., which probably had an

original prefix ge-.)

dampne 158, haue 75, make 20, 109, mende (10) inf. mouthe 143, neghe 146, [w]epe 152, etc. wexe 212 pi. fede 301, passe 775. (11) pr. ind. lsg.

40,

:

:

;

(12) pr. subj.

(13) imp. sg.

:

tyke 408, graunte (K) 679.

byholde 433, dense 402, grauntfe] 471, turne 897,

:

vouche 791, 950.

hadde 873, schnlde 655, 725, seyde 308, sweet[te] 77, tau3te 716, J?raste 582, went[e] 316, wolde 368. (14) wk. pt.

:

(15) strong pt. 2s.

were 421.

:

There are only a few cases where 391, where probably the line

is

may

be found in I) "That I

difficulty arises

" lyfe," ace.

:

a later variation, and the original

m loue &

lyue

drede"

" flesch,"

;

sg,

is

to

ace.

MSS. give many different readings, D, li, A, L "ful" before "freel"; good 361, where we should have to suppose hiatus at the caesura theef 589 (see Note) God 465, and sg.

428, where the

inserting

;

;

Lord 794, which seem to be intentional. Dialect. The dialect of the poem is East Midland

—

Kaluza).

There

one Southern rhyme, "goo}?,"

examples of OE.

are also several

vnknitti[th]

is

101,

mynde

//,

y in

(cp.

pr. pi.

Adler and

760.

rhyme with OE.

There

e, cT, viz.

165, 243, 648, felth 252, 382, 502, kyn.le

642, 917 (possibly a mistake for " hende," which

is

found in four

MSS.) others probably existed in 544 (see Note) and 839 (see above). The only example of OE. i rhyming with e is a teltli," 384, 500, which may well be influenced by the vowel of ME. tele, OE. teolian = tilian. In this case it seems more probable that the e, rhymes are marks of a south-eastern influence on the dialect than that other

;

>/

they are due to a sporadic change of

Authorship.

— The

i,

//,

opening verses of

into

R

e.

attribute the authorship

to Richard Maydenstoon (see Note 1), who was born at Maidstone, and became Bachelor and Doctor of Divinity at Oxford, dying at Aylesford in 1396. He was a theological writer of note, the con-

fessor of

John

of

Gaunt, and the reputed author of a collection of

Although one must not lay

Latin sermons, Sermones dormi secure. too

much weight on

with

its

occasional south-eastern

from an with

the statement in E. the East Midland dialect

ecclesiastic of

rhymes

Kentish

Oxford and the Court.

is

origin,

A

just

what might be expected

who was mainly connected

striking

parallel

between these

"

:

XV 11

PRE PACE

Psalms and the Sermones dorini secure 571-2.

On

different, the 21st

is

Sermon explaining

sparrow watches her nest young.

245-6

paralleled

is

scio

translation of these lines, and of course, very

is,

"

common,

is

cp.

as

mean

in

nihil

et

quod moriar vbi

This does not appear to be Latin

It

Sermones,

morte

certius

Hoc

JJnrfe ait poeta,

the

in

this verse to

that the

sparrow-hawk should take her

the

lest

medieval writings: ''Nihil mortis.

pointed out in the note on

is

the other hand, the symbolism of the sparrow, 601-4,

poetry; can

many

incertiws

other

hora

qiia??^o nescio."

conceivably be a

it

the preacher referring to himself

Parlement

of the

?

Thre Ages,

Ne noghte es sekire to 30111'e self in certayne bot dethe, And he es so vncertayne that sodaynly he comes," 11.635-6;

and, later, Dunbar's Testament of Mr. 11

Cum

nichill sit certius

Nescimus quando,

A

vol

Andro Kennedy, morte qua sorte. .

.

.

second version of the Penitential Psalms

is

that ascribed to

Thomas Brampton, and dated 1402, edited in Vol. 7 of the Publications of the Percy Society. It is much more definitely ecclesiastical in tone, laying great stress on the necessity of penance, bringing out

force of contrast the purely devotional character of the present

by

version.

Compare,

for

stanza in Brampton,

v.

example, stanza 17 with the 22

corresponding

:

" 3yf thou, with good avysement, Of thi synnes wilt the schryve,

Thi soule in helle schal nevere be schent Whil thou wilt here thi penaunce dryve," or stanza 101 with

A

Brampton,

v.

106

:

law of mercy thou hast gyven

To hym that Avyll no synnes hyde, But clenly to a preest be schryven." In

v.

(cp.

59 Brampton

states the doctrine of the

Immaculate Conception

stanza 54 in our version)

" Of

my modyr

I

was conceyved

In synne, and so was every chylde

Adam was dyscejwed) Sauf Cryist alone and Marie mylde." MS. (After that

WHEATLEY

b

PREFACE

XV111

Another

typical passage

is v.

"Here no In erthe

48

:

I may, no lengere dwelle muste assay,

lengere taryen I sclial

Harde peynes

I

;

In purgatorye, or ellys in helle."

Brampton

is

also concerned with the duties of knights, kings, with

mention of "oure kyng, be trewe fay, That sclial heretykes alle distrye,"

The only point of contact between the two versions, beyond commonplace phrases like v. 55, " And lese no^t that thou hast bow^t" (cp. 24), is quoted in the Xote to 361-8. This piece consists of the Lessons V. Lessons from the Dirige.

and

priests (vv. 87-9G).

—

of the

Dirige,

Matins of the

i. e.

Office

Dead,

the

for

the

with

Pesponsories and Versicles, and the Canticle of the Last Judgment

which concludes the itself is

found in English in the Prymer,

pp. 56-70, of which, is

Office, following the

and

it

Maskell's

in

may

be noted

taken from Purvey's revision of the

The

of Sarum.

Office

el. Littlehales, E.E.T.S. 105,

Monumenta

in passing,

Use

Ritualia, Vol. Ill (in Loth

the translation of the Lessons first

Wycliffite

Bible),

and

in

Sarum Breviary, ed. Procter and Wordsworth, Vol. II, Our version is the same as that found in an English pp. 274-9. MS. Primer in the British Museum, Add. 27502, the notice of which in the Catalogue states that it differs from that printed by Mask ell, and agrees more with Camb. Univ. MS. I)d. xi. 82, and Bodleian Douce MSS. 24G, 275. The translator used a Latin Primer, with the help of Purvey's text. As a rule, he retained Purvey *s vocabulary, but brought the order of the words much closer to the Latin, e.g. whepe/- as dayes of men pi dayes, 6O/9 for I haue no

Latin in the

;

wickid

J?ing

and bifore pee-

am

1

is

in

the Versicles and

my

trespasse I dreede,

and similarly

doon, 6O/11-12;

Responses the Latin order

preserved,

e.g.

a-schamyed, 6O/32, cp. Prymer,

In

p. 60.

a

very few cases this practice leads him into pedantry, as in Gl 20 and 63/7, but as a rule

In

many

word

in

it

only imparts a poetical character to his style.

cases he substitutes a simpler English

Purvey,

"heuy"

e.g.

" enquere,"

6O/10

"schopyn"

for

;

" ransake

for "greuousc," "

(Norse)

"formed," GO/21;

Several of these, as the

first

for

"goost"

two quoted,

are

word

for a

59/9;

Romance

" enserche," for

"

for

60,

11;

GO

28.

" seeke

"spirit,"

found in the

earlier text

XIX

PREFACE of Hereford, but this

is

Where

Purvey

varies from

lie

and probably due

natural,

in sense,

it

to coincidence.

for the worse, as in his

is

translations of Job xvii. 14, 62/29-31, and his rendering of mercenarii

"of

as

6I/30, and of os as

a merchant,"

"mouth," 68/7.

Both

is not to be com " goostly liknesse," 62/8, His rendering of immutatio as

these latter are of course possible, but the sense

mended.

points to a variant reading imitatio, and testifies to his careful use of It should also be recorded that the translator of

his sources.

Prymer, who follows Purvey very Job

xvii. 15,

closely,

where the text of the

the

was not entrapped by

Office differs

from that of the

Vulgate.

Two

by Dr. Kail,

verse paraphrases of the Lessons are edited

E.E.T.S. 124 [Twenty-six Political and other

Of these the

Poems).

by verse, of the nine Lessons, The first, called The Lessouns of a twelve-lino stanza to each verse. After the first two lessons, it includes the Dirige, is less expanded. the Kesponsories and sometimes the Versicles, following Sarum Use, and also the Canticle of Judgment. A comparison of the language second, Pety Job,

shows that

it

is

a paraphrase, verse

except in a few important points, founded on our

is,

version; cp. for example, Lessons 33-62 with 6O/2-13.

same mistranslation

of

Job

14

xvii.

parallels are recorded in the Notes.

however,

is

shown by

misunderstanding

is

found in both, and other

Its author's use of the

his correct translation of os

of

nervo,

Job

Again, the

and

27,

xiii.

Latin,

and mercenarii,

his

rendering

of

his

"goostly liknesse" as " folwyng" (see Notes).

A

VI.

MSS.

of

Song of Mercy and Judgment.— There are three other this poem, which is in the East Midland dialect Harl. :

1704, ed. Patterson, The Middle English, Penitential Lyric, pp. 85-8, Lambeth 853, ed. Eurnivall, E.E.T.S. 24, pp. 18-21, and Brit. Mus.

Add. 31042,

Lambeth which

ed.

Brunner, Archiv

CXXXII, two

5 corresponds to Harl. v.

v.

order also

is

different,

pp. 321-3.

Of

these,

more than our MS., of to Add. v. 4. The Lambeth reversing vv. 3 and 4, and then

is the longest, containing

verses

and

3,

v. 6

Pesponses in

two additional verses. In his notes, Dr. Patterson drawn from St. Edmund's Mirror and from the the Dirige. The echo in 11. 11-12 of the Canticle of

Judgment

64)

the

inserting

points out passages

in the

(p.

is

probably the reason for

its

standing next after

it

MS.

A

VII.

Midland

;

Prayer for Mercy.— The

the strong

pp. has lost -n

dialect of ;

the

this

Southern

is

also

ind.

pr.

East pi.

XX "

PREFACE appears once,

aski]? "

Final

20.

-e

much move

is

often syllabic

than in the previous poem.

This poem

also

is

Dr. MacCracken

in

found in MS. Camb. Kk. Archie

CXXXT,

1,

and printed by

6,

pp. 43-4, in

a

collection of

poems written under apparent Lydgatiau influence. Our is not marked by the "aureate" language which

religious

poem, however,

characterises the others.

VIII. God's Complaint.— Of this poem there are eight MSS.

:

Bodley 596, Eawlinson C. 86, Douce 78, Trinity College, Cambridge 600 (11, 3. 20), Harleian 2380 (defective and incomplete, lacking vv.

Lambeth 306, 853

10),

8,

6,

11,

12,

are

edited by

Dr.

and Adv. 34, 7, 3, of which stanzas were printed by Laing in Early Metrical Tale*, 1826,

Furnivall, E.E.T.S. 15, 1-7,

two

(these

190),

p.

299-303.

pp.

The form of the poem is based on the Reproaches, a part of the Liturgy for Good Friday (see Sarum Missale, at

For

\>ou

...

ladde hire

As soone

as

Hire bodi

.

to druye londe

Eue comen vp .

.

was grene

of

\>e

;

water was,

as eni gras.

See also 221, 1-2, 40-1; 222, 13-4, 16-7; 223, 7-9; 224, 36-7; 225, 27-8, 34-5; 226, 14-5, 38-9, ever,

In

etc.

not at all easy to restore the verse

it is

alterations

;

there

must therefore have been

many

how-

passages,

form without extensive

a long period, of corrup-

The MS. dates from about 1385 (Carleton Brown, Register of

tion.

Middle English Religious Verse, 1916), the original probably belongs to the beginning of the fourteenth century, and the metre much resembles that of the Southern Legendary.

The rendering that in

Au

There are

;

of the Vita

which we have here

here again the details from the Latin

many

closely resembles

MSS. do

not appear.

Adam,

omissions, such as the vision and prophecy of

also passages after p. 222, 42, p.

Two

223, 32.

legendary additions

appear, the thunder-clap at the begetting of Cain (p. 223, 37), and

the Divine institution of tithe (p. 224, 15).

There are also additions

from the Legend of the Pood (E.E.T.S. 46, this story Adam sends Seth to Paradise for the

him

to follow the track left

p.

19

oil of

by the footsteps

of

;

87,

p.'

1).

In

mercy, directing

himself and Eve.

Seth sees a vision through the gates of Paradise and

is

angel three kernels of an apple, which he places under

Adam's tongue

when he

is

dead.

Adam

is

given by an

buried in Hebron, and henceforth the

legend traces the story of the rods which grew from the kernels. the Vernon text Seth and

Eve

but Seth

In

is

given

directions as in the Legend, though they are here unnecessary.

The

vision

is

go, as in the Vita,

omitted, there being only a few lines describing the beauties

of Paradise,

we

are told of the kernels,

and Abel by the angels in Hebron. kernels with the Pood.

may have been

The

Two

and

of the burial of

Adam

lines (rhyming) connect the

interpolations are so short that the piece

written as a companion to a

Pood Legend, and may even

have formed a part of the Southern Legendary, providing the account

PREFACE

XXviH

and

of Creation

(E E.T.S. 46, takes

Rood Legend Northern Homilies, the Eood Legend

In the same way, in the

omits.

Adam which

of the early life of

62)

p.

interpolated with the

is

Adam's speech

As

to suit the

Rood

in

pe

eyr,

is

preceded, as in Au,

the angels and of man, but not, as in Au, from Genesis,

fall of

and supine

in

pe

"Summe

from heaven:

fell

^\i

eorJ?e.

eny mon

pe angelus pat

clue Iblowe, he hit ha]? of

legendary details, as

of interesting

full

of the angels that

example

(in

story).

but from a Bible narrative for

it

Seth at

Adam's body by angels

regards the connecting matter, the Vita

by the

from which

Vita,

to his children, St. Michael's speech to

the gates of Paradise, and the burial of

Hebron,

the

astunte

elue

Inome opur

fellen out

of heuene."

is

Other additions are an account of the murder of Abel, of the begetting of Seth by Divine command, and of the inter-marriage between the

and of Cain. At the beginning is an account of The stars are here correctly creation and of the naming of Adam. given, as in IMS. Hail. 956 and in Jean d'Outremeuse. The Ganticum ale Creatione (denoted by C), edited by Horstmann in the same volume, pp. 124-38, brings us to a much later date, as the poem itself states that it was written in 1375. There is no Corpus Aclae, and no interpolated Biblical matter beyond a very short introduction describing the Fall of man, and live stanzas telling of Cain's jealousy of Abel, and of the begetting of Seth. These two items, which children of Seth

are

V, are found

also in

E.E.T.S. 57,

in

Cursor Mundi, 1059-65,

Its Latin source

etc.

is

previous poems, but seems to be identical with that of our the

including

from

derived

details

however, two important exceptions of

Adam, and

Presumably

interpolated

is

it

;

beguiled her tw

The

Adam,

who

:ce,

is

version,

There

are,

no vision or prophecy

with the Legend of

the

Rood.

:

(1)

appears

in

the institution of tithe

when Satan

occurs also in V, but there

taught to

is

that Eve,

(2) the story r

women

(it

when Adam

occasion)

Vita text

to the

of an angel

second temptation himself

there

MSS.

Latin

own

which the Vision was In the part unaffected by the Legend there are

accidentally omitted.

command

the

was translated from a MS.

it

two additions

:

1190-1218,

not the same as that of the

till

and sow,

a

vanishes alter the

it is

ordered by

much more

when she found

by the

God

probable

that the devil had

covered her head with a white

veil,

hence

all

cover their heads.

Rood Legend begins Seth how to find the way to

interpolation with the as in

V,

directs

at

1.

619, where

Paradise, though

a

XXIX

PREFACE its

640,

"And

have the vision of Seth

at the

independence of V, and of V's source,

We

Seth in pe face."

al to-bot

gates of Paradise,

and the

Adam

As

gift of the kernels.

Rood Legend,

incorporation of the the burial of

also

shown by

is

it

was impossible, ho

in Paradise, consequently

is

1.

a result of the

V, to keep

as in

buried in Hebron

by Seth alone. The prophecy of Eve and the making of the tables by Seth and their rinding by Solomon are related, and then the Rood Legend is continued.

Hence

poem

this

is

quite independent

of the earlier

versions,

being translated from a different and later Latin version of the Vita,

and not following the legendary additions

places.

supplement the Legend of the Rood, but to comand the Vita into one story. Hence it wastes very little space

aim was not

bine

V, except where they

found in Cursor Mundi, and probably in several other

are also Its

of

it

to

on Adam's history before the beginning of the Vita, or on the story of Cain and Abel.

There remain two printed versions in prose, printed by Horstmann in Archiv,

Bd. 74, 1885; the

denoted by B, and the second, is

appended

to the

first,

p.

and the

In

Vita.

many

353, from

first

MS. Bodl. 596,

345, from

MS.

Harl. 4775, where

The second

Golden Legend, by H.

with our version, the

identical

p.

is

it

practically

is

contains only the Corpus

passages the language

is

Adae

so similar that

it is

impossible that the two versions can be derived from independent

same Latin

translations even of the

8I/1-17

in

;

text,

e.

g.

the Corpus

Adae and

others they are evidently derived from different Latin

Note on 8I/32-4.

B's readings are always the better. " I saw in my skpe that It gives the fuller account of Eve's dream texts,

see

:

Caym

vfith his

hondes arered bloode of Abel and deuoured

it

with

—

In the vision of Adam (88/39 89/ 1), where there has been confusion between " currum " and " choros," it omits the chariot,

his moutlie."

and in 90/11-13, where similarly confusion between "locum" and

"lacum" has caused

the repetition of a sentence in H,

is

it

correct

(see Notes).

The second

version (H) stands

the present version (W), only), L,

H H 2,

" lest " 8O/17. to

3

,

D,

D

2

.

E

which

(incomplete, extending to "douw," 92/i2

I n f° lu> °f these, IT, E, L,

appear

connection with

All of these omit " ponyschid," 97/19, and

the end of the Golden

legends

in very close

in

and

D

2,

the story

is

attached

Legend, forming one of the additional the

English

versions

only

(Legend

Aurea —Legende Doree — Golden Legend, by Pierce Butler, Baltimore,

XXX

PREFACE

1899,

69).

p.

H

1

version of Genesis

repeating

i.

and D,

2

26-31.

H

mediate pages of

—

stated above, prefix the Purveyite

ii.

3,

and then begin the ordinary

text,

hence

This

is

evidently a later addition.

The

inter-

1

\,

as

are supplied in a later

2

hand from

a text very

1> ; they comprise the part of the text (without the Biblical additions) from " for The same hand 7 7/ 13, to "bey nge," 85/4.

like

J?,"

has altered " in the vale of ebron," the place of Adam's making, to l '

In the same place that Jfhesu] was borne

Cytie of bethlem, which

E

the B-text.

L

and

in,

that

the

to seye in

is

in the middle of the earth," also from

is

MSS.

are both found in

Advent

the former following on the

of the Golden Legend,

discourse, and breaking off at

falle don?*," 92/ 12, and L following the Concepcio Marie, and is followed by " 5 Willes of Pharo," and " 3 Kingcs of Collin." 3 11

H

the nearest to

W,

but has more scribal omissions.

Neither

is

derived

directly from the other.

AY

with

agrees in

on the whole the best of this group of texts.

is

Hebron, and

in the

tellith,"

Petrus

i.e.

Adam

Latin originals in stating that

the

Bethlehem and buried

In the other texts the scene

in Paradise.

second case they add

Comestor,

see

It alone

was made

his

"as the maister

:

of stories

xxiv.

cap.

Genesis,

is

The

Cursor Mundi, which knows nothing of the Vita, gives the Hebron A menstory (11. 9397, 1116), as do V and C as regards the burial The tions no place, but says that Eve was buried with Adam. ;

zifluence of the

Pood Legend would make the

burial in Paradise

impossible, and hence facilitate both alterations.

founded on a


(7)

Write how pat

25

cnquest

fals

Cried ay with- on ten rest "

1

long

hym

on the roode

tree,

For he wil kyng of lewes be." (8)

Write vpon myne

Thy

and

fayre

For schame ))at

hert[e]

booke

thi rewely looke,

of ther

hydouse crye

walden of pe haue no mercy. (9)

How Thou barest

Thy

doss;

Write,' whanne r be crosse was forth broght, ° And pe nayles of yren wroght,

How

]?ow began to chyuer and quake,

Thi hert was woo

if

35

pou noght spaak. (10)

Write

how douneward pou

can loke

AVI Kin lewes to pa pe crosse betook

Thow The

bare

it

teres ran

;

forth with rewly chere,

doune by thy

lere.

40

(ii) F.

2.

Ihesu, write in

How Thou

How pat Whan pi

tefthe'eross;

With ragged

my

hert depe

wepe pe rode was

]?ow began to

baak to

[b]ent,

nayles thi handes rent. (12)

Write pe strokes of hameres

With pe bloode rennyng

stonte,

al aboute,

How the nayles stynten at the boone Whan thow were fill woo-bygone. 43.

MS.

lent.

45

—

;

;

;;

AN ORISON ON THE PASSION

I.

(13)

Ihesu, write

}it in

my ne

How

bloode oute of

And

with

In

myne

J?i

hert

wouwdes

J?i

stert

50

blood write thow so oft

hert to hit be

soft.

(14)

Ihesu,

mykel

]?at art so

of myght,

Write in myne hert pat rewful syght,

To loke on

tlii

moder

Of Thy grief in looking

55

fre

Whan

pon were honged on roode

Write

tlii

Whan

sehe sawe [the] to deeth[e] goo

on Thy Mother;

tre.

(15)

I-wys

if

swete modres

I write al

my

I schuld neuer here

woo

lyne

woo dyscryue

60

In myne hert ay mote hit be,

That harde knotty roode

F. 26.

And

tre,

(16)

The

of all

the attributes of Thy Passion.

nayles and the spere also

That thow were with

to dethfe] doo,

The cronne and pe scourges grete That thow was with so sore bete,

65

(17)

Thi wepyng and thi woundes wyde,

The bloode pat ran doun by ]?i syde, The schame and scorne and grete dispite, The spatil pat foulid )?i face white,

70

(18)

The

And

eysell

and

]?e

other of thi peynes alle in

my

thought,

deuyl, I hope, sal dere

me

nought.

For, whiles I haue

The

bettir galle,

them

(19)

Ihesu, write

How For,

J?us, J?at

mykel loue if ]?at

Thow

I wil

I

may knowe

75

Grant me (o know what

to the I owe,

Thou hast

from the

done for me, and how I

fie,

folowest ay to saue me.

should love Thee.

1

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

4

(20)

whan

Ihesu,

How F.

thenk on the,

pou was bounden

"Wcle ought

3.

I

I to

wepe

for loue of

80

stounde

J?at

me was

pat J?ow so sore for

me,

bounde.

(21)

Bot thow pat bare vpon thin handes

my

For

synnes so bytter bandes,

"With loue bondes bynde thow so

me

85

ncuer depart from the.

Jjat I

(22)

Ihesu, J?at

was with loue so bounde,

])at suffred for

Be with me at

my

death.

dying At my J J °

And make

me

dedes wounde,

me.

visite

the feend

away

to ne.

DO

.(23) Teach

me

to

above Si S ltory

good

.

Ihesu,

make me

glad to be

Symple and poure for loue of the, mc neuer for more ne lasse Loue good to mykil pat sone sal passe.

And

^

(24)

Ihesu, ]mt art

Teche

To

my

kyng

of lyfe,

95

soule, J?at is thi wyfe,

loue best no thing in londe

Bot

the, Ihesu, here dere

For

othir joye

Wo

and sorow forsothe

houscbonde. (25)

F

36

And

lastis

Mamies

and

but a

othir blys,

litil

soule for to

it is,

100

while,

by gyle. (20)

Let me reJOice tO Sllffer for Thee.

Lat me

m -lo

what ioye sunre woo tor loue f ele

iv.

ft

it

f

be 1

OI the,

How myry it is for the to wepe, How soft in harde clothes to slepe. 98.

MS. adds: For Is

othir blys and othir bewte bot foule and sorow to se.

105

AN ORISON ON THE PASSION

I.

(27)

now

Lat

And

loue his

Lowe bende

loue-arowes to

my

That they peers[e] to

hcrt sende,

tlie rote,

my

For swilk woundes schuld be

bote.

110

(28)

AVlien I

Than am Fastyng

For

am lowe I

for thi lone,

moost

is feest,

myne

at

aboue,

mornyng

thi lone pouert

is

is

blys,

ryches

;

(29)

-

The hard heyre schuld be more

of pryse

115

)}anne soft sylk or pelour or byse,

])efaute for thy loue

And

is

plente,

fleschely lust ful loth schuld be.

(30)

Whanne For

To

thi

am with woo bystad, loue thanne am I glad

F.

I

;

suffre scornes

For loue of the

is

and greet

my

4.

120

di spite

delyte.

(31)

May

make me on nyght to wake And in my thought thi name to take, Ihe-iU,

And, whethir the nyght be schort or longe,

Of

the, Ihesu,

ay be

my

of

I

think

Thee in

the night,

125

song,

and draw Thee into

my heart by the chain of prayer.

(32)

And

this preyer a cheyn[e]

be

To drawe the doun of thi see, That thow may make pe a duellyng At niyii hert at thi lykyng.

130

(33)

Ilimi, I pray, forsake nought

Gyf

I of

For

to

synne gylty

me

Thou Who forgavest the penitent

be,

thief, for-

pat theef pat honge the by

Redily J?ow gaue

hym

]?i

mercy.

mc not when I fall sake

into sin.

;;

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT (34) Ihesu, pat greet curtasye

Maketh me bolde on the

135 to crye,

For wele I woot with-outen drede Thi mercy is more psame my mysdede. (35) Ihesu,

P. 4 6.

J?at art soo leue

Here and spede Tliou Wlio didst not forsake St. Paul, though

he never

'2e

For Panic,

to

spille Cristen

t

j i

And

T

was

tha[t]

i

i

i

^he wolde

dere,

this ponre preyer

To -*-

and

lie

so fell

and woode

mennes blode, i

no preyer make,

thow wolde hym nought

jit

UO

;

forsake.

(36)

may

Be with me when 1 die, that I may

Thaiiiie

live witli

T At my dying 1 hoope l-wys Of thy presence shal I not mys.

Sithen pat .

Thee.

,

.

145

J?ow noght forsake me,

preye thus to the

I

;

,

.

(37)

make me thanne

Ihesu,

Fro deeth

to lyue

to ryse

on swiche wyse

Os thow roos on Estre Day, In joye and blys to lyue for

150

A men.

ay.

II

[A Hail, Mary,

Queen of Heaven.

H

Lady F.

PRAYER TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN]

Ayle, bote of bale, blissed

To

of aungels,

Emprice

5.

sight so semely

qwene

is

Qwene

!

noon sene

of heuen,

of helle is pat I [n]eue[w].

Haile Mary, modir of grete mercy,

Hear me

my

in

wretchedness.

To

the with hart I calle and cry,

On

hast thow here pis wrecched thing

That maketh 141.

to the this pure pra[i]yng

MS.

thas.

4.

MS. mene,

;

;

II.

— ;

;

;

A PRAYER TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN

For sere tliynges me hath vmset,

That prey For in

me

to the

10

wille lett

erthe, in welthe

and woo,

Thow liauefs] J?i freendo and I my pow art syker and I am hi drede Too deeth my synnes wil me lede, And saith me it is no bote

foo,

My

sins

tempt mc to

15

despair.

20

I have sinned with my

Though I falle the too foote. If I myne eghen vn-to the cast, Ther-agayne

And For

saith

my

me

synnes er

my

wrethed the with

I

faast,

nought ryght,

J?at I doo

sight

Whanne I behelde wantonnes And sett my tliought o[n] wykkednesse.

How

sight

schal I thanne he so boolde

The with myne eghen

F. 5

to be-holde,

That haue the wrethed wrangly,

How

A

If I dar

I

25

mercy ?

schal I of the gete

Lady, what schal

!

6.

doo

nought loke the

How dare look to thee ?

too,

Or how schal I on the eghen caste That I wote to the haue trespast ? Thus my synnes will mo feer

I

30

For sight that I may nought for-bere I might answer that, however I

But here-agayne I wend to say That the, Lady, lone I ay And, how soo I me mys-bare,

On

the

my

troost

35

was euer-mare.

;

But sone come it in-to my thought That this answere avayleth nought, For Ihesu thi sone hateth al synne

And

alle

the folyes that

For-why our synne that It

is

How

But that

men lyf inne. we noght leue,

hym greue. hym and payith

schul his fomen on the see

40

Who

I

can

grieve Him, and yet he

the

acceptable to thee ?

?

?

F. G.

hym so rightwisly, And thow louyst hym so tenderly. MS. haueth.

thy Hon hateth all

tli at

sin.

45

For they greue

12.

I

remember

no drede that we

Lady, who greueth

sinned, I have ever trusted iu thee

written above the line.

22.

MS.

of.

;

;

;

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

O

Wlienne

wrothe

lio is

art

\>o\\

Alias, alias, that hard syth

That may For now

nought blythe,

!

I say, alias, alias,

warre thanne ere was.

is

ifyebothbe

Lady, I hauo greued yow bothe,

against me, whocaniicip

And

me ?

50

myne owen skathe. Lady, who schal halde me fro pQ J

ill

•/

•/

;

llOUS call

and

heel?,

7

So purposide I For

liil'

'

}>y ny^tTe] so to holte L J

salvation."

5(J5

'

soule to suffre deep niattnys J

'

plan of

roode 1 ran

vcd[] y to tl,e

hyin-silf slee]?,

hym

to saue

I 3af

my

man,

goost and breej?.

GOO

(76) F

"i was off

Vigilaui, et factus

34

cut

from

j

torn."

and was maad

W ook,

mankind, My Hesh was

xhat

sum

in

Vpon pe

\>q

tre

roof

my

sicut pasjser solitaiius in tecto.

lijk a °

restij?

sparowe A

f solitarye

;

necst was narowe,

There-on my^te I no briddis cane.

As

er)?e is

So was

605

hurlyd vndir liarowe, ]?e fleisch

pat sprang of

Marye

;

noon so scharp arowe In ]?is As was pe turment that [me gan tarie]. world

[is]

587. So K. 602. MS. restip so solitarye. MS. hadde Ie. 608. So K. :

594. 607.

So K. So K.

;

45

THE SEVEN PENITENTIAL PSALMS

IV.

(77)

Tota die exprobrabant f miclii inimici mei, et qui me aduersura me iurabarat.

laudahant

For

al

tbe day they [hadde]

Men that myn enemyes And po that preysiden me

[in] scoorne,

610

were,

" My enemies scorned Me,

My biforne

friends

turned against

me

Aftirward a3eyns

me

swere.

I

Thanne was I to-tuggid and to-torne, Foot and bond, i^en and eere, To ech a lyme lijf [hadde] lorne Myn heed pei corownyd wi}? J?orn

Me

;

endured

My

Pas-

sion."

615

;

of brere.

[78]

Quia cinerem tanqiiam panem manducabam,

meum cum For askis

were breed

Wip wepyng

I

mengide

sufTre scoorn

For, si]?en

Thorn

Was

Adam

6.

my

drink among,

man

I alone could atone

swete

it

and sorowe strong

620

;

;

for Adam's sin."

the lawe lete

hir ]?at of his rib[be] sprong,

neuere

Til I

f. 34

" I suffered for love of

I ete,

For loue of man me po^te

To

potum

miscebam.

fletu

as it

et

man

hadde

mercy meete

to

sufYrid

wo and wrong.

(79)

A

facie ire [et] indignacionis tue,

quia eleuans

allisisti

me. A-fer fro pe face of

Thow Fadir, I

droue

was

]?i

greuaunce

me down wip

625

"I was lifted up before Thee, Father, and cast

vprisyng,

down

to thi plesaunce

for

man's sake.

Lyfte up as

God

But, for to stynte

in

al

God dwellyng

disturbance

Of man pat synnede not ceessyng,

Thow

630

me adouro to chese a chance, As man for man the dee]? takyng. droue

609, MS. exprobrabrant 615. So K. ; and.

MS

:

[hadde]

me

[in], so

F. 35

K.

;

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

46

(80)

Dies

fenum

My

"My 1

"

turion'

I

declinaueriint,

&

ego sicut

arui.

I

li^t,

wexide drye as doo)? the gras;

wente as man with-outen my$t,

Where-so

nsGnli-T son."

vrabra

sicut

dayes passiden as schadow of

And

ebbed away

mei

Wharaie

I

pws deolfully was

That neuere dyde ony Centurio seyde,

635

was blodytras.

I trad

"We

dijt,

trespas,

doon

For truly Goddis Sone

vnri^t,

640

this was."

(81)

Tu

auteni,

tuwm

Domine,

in eternu?» permanes,

& memoriale

in generacionem et generacionewi.

Thou art For ceertis, Lord, J? ou dwellist euere, God for ever, as Man Thou lliy myndc abidij? euery kynde

......

m

by men.

;

Godheed was noyed neuere, There was no J>ing pat pee my^te scheende.

For

tlii

Tli [i]

manheed my^te men wel

645

disseuere,

Therof pel made a ruful eende, f. sbb.

Therforo

That

cell

]?is

man

is

pee the leuero,

mater hnj? wel

mynde.

in

(82)

Tu

exurgens, Domine, misereberis Syon, quia tempts

miserendi eius, quia venit Have mere Churci/j

Thow

schalt vprise

te??ipws.

& Syon

ruwe,

650

J'or tyme is come of hir mercy Syon is Holy Chirche trewe Of men J?at lyuen CHstenly.

A

stidefast seed in hir }?ou sewe,

And

How

tau^tist hir so tendirly

)?at

And

655

sche schulde synne eschewe

loue thee moost hertily. 641.

pmrianes; 645.

aS'o

s

added above the

K.

;

MS.

the.

line.

47

THE SEVEN PENITENTIAL PSALMS

IV.

(83)

Quoniam placuerunt semis eius

tuis lapides eius,

&

terre

misGvebxmbw.

For pi seruauntis

And

on

[liir]

liir ]?ei

She is built on the

stoonys lykicle,

schulcn haue pyte

foundationstones of the

;

Twelve

Crist, corner stoon, xij stoones pykide,

Apostles.

660

[His] xij apostlys for to be.

They haue

hem-silf a dongeoim dikide

men may

In Syon, as

That whoso

May

F. 36.

se,

be with synne entrikide

j"

sanely to pat streng]?e

fie.

(84)

&

Et timebunt gentes nonien tunin, Y)omine,

omwes

[reges] terre gloriam tuam.

[And

folkus

sell ul

tin

name

665

drede,

All nations shall praise

Thee who

Alle erthely kynges doute thi blisse,

rulest

That privest princes of here pryde,

all.

men.

That wantounly here wittes wisse. Right as the lust thu maist men lede,

Save and

But wo

is

sle

hym

Wlierfor he

and langour

670

lisse,

that doth that dede

mot

thi

mercy mysse.

(85)

Quia

edificavit

Dominus Syon,

et videbitur in gloria

sua.

For God hath housed Syon,

And yn

Wan Yn

his blisse hit schal be

hevene as we

those that rejoice

sowen

with Thy

maad on

triste

675

and trowen

;

schulle to gladnesse goon,

That in grace on grounde now growen Graunte God that y be on That be noght out of hevene throwen 657. 663.

I t)e

among

holi chirche be

And we

May

So K. So K.

;

660. So K.

MS. whoso not

be.

680

!

;

MS. and.

665-80. So K.

Church Heaven

in !

;

;

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

48

(86)

Respexit in oracionem humilium, et non sprevit pre-

cem eorum.] God

hears the humble, but loves

proud.

The orisoun

meke he

of pe .

,

.

.

.

.

.

si^,

.

And not dispiside her preyer; But hem J?at are of herte hi} Ne be not to hiwi so leef and dere As tho ]?at alle vices fli}. Of Ihesu Crist a man may For he

noon

to

estaat ne

But euere was low

685 lere,

sti},

&

word

i?i

chere.

(87)

Scribantur hec in generacione altera, populus qui creabitur laudabit For our sins

In

so sorely a

ctec .

-p

kynrede

anoJ?e;*

Thamie

Dominum.

w 10 so ma y

or

.

]

lete pese be writen,

sclial preise

p ege

God pe

peple vnbore,

W ondris wy ten

Ou^te to ]?anko God perfore

F. 36 b.

And

pat

is

for

we

GOO

;

falsly fly ten,

llys fair[e] flesch was al to-tore

For ma?mys sake so sore

Was

s

my ten

695

neuere noon si)?en ne bifore.

(88)

Quia prospexit de excelso sancto suo

;

T>ominus de celo

in terrain aspexit.

He saw

from 10W

manias P by Satun!

For he say

holy

fro his

hei^t,

To erpe oure Lord say out

He

say

Of

He

man walke

alle

say

of heuene,

vndir pe wei^t

pe deedly synnes seuene

man poru

Lygge slepynge

p>e

;

feendis slei3t

in [a] synf ul

Therfore he vouchide saaf to

sweuene

fi3t

To God and man were oonyd euene.

700

;

THE SEVEN PENITENTIAL PSALMS

IV.

49

(89)

audiret gemitus comneCLibovum,

Ufc

ut solueret

filios

interemptorw»i.

To

lieere the

Of hem

And

to

705

That were

man He

be-

of \>o

F. 37.

killid wij? deedly wouwde-,

For pese causis and

mo

for

Was God maad man men

To redeem came Man.

that were in care boimde,

vnbynde the kynde

Thevforc

wo

weilynge and pe

to go

him

scliulden not falle

For he suffride

hem many

for

710

on grouwde fro,

a stou/ide.

(90)

Ut

annu/icient in

Syon nomen Domini,

&

laudem

eiits

in Ihernsalem.

For they schulden

Syon

in

in lerusalem

J?at

holy

is,

may no

There

is

the

Church to

hys preisyng preche,

Hym-silf he cam and tau^te pere

has

tn ught

Oure Lordis name

And

He

teclie

715

praise

He

Him

is

Almighty. J?is.

wi}t wipstonde his wrecho,

no nay pere he

seitli ^his

;

Therfore preise Ave liym wip speche,

And

drede

we him

to

720

doon amys.

(91)

In con[u]eniendo popwlos in vnum,

et reges ut seruiant

Domino. In gaderynge of peplis

And To be

of kyngis

stidefast as

In his seruice

God is

in oon,

to serue,

we not s[w]erue, we schulde goon,

J?at

The wey of truthe To trecchery we schulde not And,

if

we

F. 37

the stoon,

[t]erue,

dide pus euerichoon,

There schulde no care oure cumfort kerue. 724. SoK.; 726. So K.

;

WHEATLEY

MS.

MS. MS.

stcrue.

cerue.

725

b.

If we are faithful in His service, we shall be

happy.

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

50

(92)

Respondit

The Christian should trust in God, and not

fear

death.

He

in via virtutis sue

ei

meovum nimcia

answeride in

"Telle

Paucitatem dierum

:

miclii.

me pe

wey

J?e

of my^t,

my

lytilheed of

730

dayes."

pus answerij? ech a Cristen kny3t That

no force of riche arayes

^euej?

;

how deep is cli^t., To a-saye ech a man with scharpe asayes He haldi]? to God his herte vpri^t, And feri[J?] him not of siche afrayes. For

lie J>inkiJ?

;

735

(93)

Ne reuoces me

in dimidio dievwn

cione[m] et generac/owem anni F. 38.

S

ive

me,

Lord, for my days pass swiftly.

Ne

me

calle

Of For

my

]?oi

And

;

hi genera-

not in pe [halfundele]

dayes J?oru-out pe ^heer,

mydday

slyden as

meel,

passen as pe cloudis

There ys no surete [ne] no

Of mawnys

lijf

seel

while he

me wha?me

am

I

740

cleer.

is

heer;

me

Therfore, Ihesu, pat knowist

Wisse

meovum

tui.

free],

in weer.

(94) Inicio tn,

tuaram swit Tliou hast created the world, and at Thy Will

upholdest all

creatures.

Domlne,

terrain fundasti

Thin handwerkis hen heuenes ]?is

Of

Thou

world, pat

is

creaturis grete

hast

AViJ>-oute warde

MS.

and

p>ou

of

list,

And, wha/me pou 736.

opera manuu7»

feiida

;

745

;

alle,

so rounde,

hem py?med

And, while

&

celi.

For, Lord, )?ou biguwne pe grounde

Al

;

smalle.

in a poimde,

won;

750

or walle,

]?ou sauest wilt, pei

K. feryght. 741. So K.

hem sounde

schulen douw 737.

;

MS.

of.

So K.

falle.

;

MS. myddil.

;

!

THE SEVEN PENITENTIAL PSALMS

IV.

51

(95) Ipsi periburit, tu

autem permanes

;

|

et

omnes

sicut

f. 38

6.

vestimentu??& veterascent.

Thei schulen peresche, but pou schalt dwelle, Alle schulen eelde liyk a

Al vanyte J?ou

And make For peve

is

All things

pass away, but Thou remainest

cloo}?,

down felle, J?at now is loo}?

755

sclialt

leef

it

no tunge that can

;

Thou wilt cast the wicked into Hell.

telle

What peyne it Whawne pou schalt close pe gates [of] And cursefn] alle J?at J?idir goo)?. is to se pee wroo]?,

helle,

760

(96)

Et sicut oportoriu?/i mutabis eos, et mutabuntur autem idem ipse es, & awni tui no?i deficient.

And

;

tu

J?ou shalt as a couerlyte

Hem

and

chaiu/ge,

But alwey pou Thi

All will

change, but

^eeris

]?ei

schulen chau/tgid be

Thou

;

re-

mainest;

art 113 1 parfi^te,

we

shall rejoice in heaven in

schulen not fayle pee

Thy

;

per love whamie pou hast maad us qwyte

glory.

765

Thoru my3t of inmortalyte, pa?me schalt pon be al oure delyte To se J?i myjtful magiste.

F. 39.

(97) Filij senior?*//*, tuorwra

haMtabunt

;

&

semen eorwu

in

seculuwi dirio-etur.

Thi seruauwtis sones schulen dwelle

And Eor

Thy

dure,

ser-

vants shall

in al pe world her seed schal sprede

ben not

ceertis J?ei

perfore now, Ihesu, do

Ne dampne

770

:

]?i

&

cure,

whamie we ben dede, make us pure,

we passe, To pe lond of lijf permanes

759. K. yate

:

of.

s

[j?at] J?ou

added above

;

be saved

deede.

us not

But, eer

flourish

grant, Lord, that we may

[v] 11 sure,

That pee wil serue in word

753.

&

775

us lede. the line.

771. So K.

MS.

erasure.

;

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

52

(98)

D Lord, take

Fro

my

sins!

clamaui

profundis

ad

rrn

depe to thee I criede

dalis

t pat I in

•

pmoim

1

•

Doinine

te,

;

Domine,

exaudi vocem meam. ;

Lord, Lord, listne pe voys of

prison, re-

member not

E

Ihis depe

Breke

,

•

,

me

abyde,

up, Lord, for thy pyte

it

!

j

i

my gyde, to whom I

780

!

Be pou my socour and F. 39

6.

My And

goostely Lord,

pin herte ryde

lete oute of

That

I

He,

haue doon a^eynfejs pee.

(99)

Fiant aures tue intendentes in uocem deprecacionis mee. Hearken to

my

prayer,

for

Thou

Late pin eeris he

Vnto pe

maad

my

vols or

~

listnvnge

s

">

preyere,

hast redeem-

edmankind!

r or wel 1 woot pou hast likynge

In

man

And

pou hast bou^t

what euere

Therfore,

Listen

[)?at]

it,

My

I rede or synge,

Lord, wip louely

vouche saaf at

so dere

790

cliere,

myn askynge

conscience to dense and clere.

(100) Si

initpiitates

sustinehit Look not on our works, but have mercy on us!

If

ohseruaueris,

Domine,

Domine,

quis

1

pou rewarde Lord, Lord,

al

wickidnesse,

who

sclial .

susteyne

]

..

"e

we hope

Whawie

to pi goodnesse,

J?ou schalt al pis

world affreyne,

"With mercy and wip myldenesse Tlii ri^tful

doom

]?ou wilt restreyne.

784. K. agenis.

788. So K.

800

;;

;

;

!

THE SEVEN PENITENTIAL PSALMS

IV.

53

(101)

Quia apud sustinui

For

te,

te propiciacio

est

;

&

propter legem tuam

Domhie.

wi]? pee

is

WithTheo

for^ifnesse,

is

forgiveness save us from the tiend at the last

;

haue pee

I

Thi lawe schal

Was

Lord, for

suffrid,

]?i

lawe,

al vnri^t redresse,

neuere seyd no

soJ?ir

sawe

Therfore, wharane thou sclialt bodies blesse,

And Ihesu,

men

deede

805

out of her dermys drawe, swetnesse,

]?at sauerist al

Lete no feend ou re goostis gnawe.

(102)

mea

Sustinuit mima,

mea

My

in

in uerbo

eius

;

sperauit anima

Domino.

soule haj? suffrid in his word,

In God

my

For synue

And

is

I

810

scharp as knyues oord,

hem lame

maki]?

am

]?at liggij? in lu3t

rubbe of pe

roten,

liver

O deme

from

my

God

;

sins before

I

die! F. 40

Therfore, Ihesu, thou louely lord,

pere I

have

trusted in

goost Imp had his trist

b.

rust,

815

Or I be brou3t to schippis bord, To sayle in-to pe sale of dust.

(103)

A

custodia matutina usque ad noctem, speret Israel in

Domino. Fro pe morn ward into pe ny^t Lete Israel

triste in

God and

By God's promise, the

trow en.

man who trusts

Israel bitok'ene]? ech a wi3t

That God schal

To

]?is

ech Cristen

se

shall

and goostly knowen.

man

820

haj? ri^t,

pat wole his streng]?e wel bistowen

He may

be

sikir, as

That heuene

God

ha]? hi^t,

blisse schal

be his owne.

801. siistinui te written as one

word and divided by a

stroke.

Him

win

Heaven.

; ;

!

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

54

(104)

Dominum

Quia apud

eum

Our Lord

misericordia,

&

copiosa apud

redempcio.

suffered His

Passion that sinners

might have

For

at oure

Lord

is

825

greet mercy,

And plenteuous raunsum is hyin wip He payede for us his owne body,

mercy. F. 41.

In foorme of breed boJ?e lyme and lith; Ceertis for oure sake oonly

He was So

J?at

feynt as fowen in

synful

At hym

may

830

frith,

sikiriy

gete grace and grith.

(105)

Et

And

At the Last Day the

in

tiie

.

good

Heaven.

omnibus iniquitatibus

eius.

he schal bye[nl Israel J L J

J^ro luse

tiend shall

ami

ipse redimet Israel ex

.

mysdeedis euenlkone,

Wha?me we schal rise in flesch & felle, And efte be clopid m blood and boone. Tlianne schal pe feend, pat

Fer be flemyd

And gode men God ^eue us

&

835

so felle,

is

oure foone,

alle

schulen in heuenc dwelle

we

!

840

Omine, exaudi oracionom meam.

Auribus percipe

grace

J?at

so

doone

(106)

P. 41

D

b.

me Lord, hear prayer let not the

my

meam

ueritate tua,

in

&

ex|audi

in tua iusticia,

Lord, listne pou ;

devil

deceive us

obsecracionem

Wip

eeris

my

In sopfastnes

myn

orisoun,

preyer pou pou diedist for

my

not

;

!

900

me, Lord, be noon of po

Jut lete

me

me

perish

That are bitai^t pe feendis blake. J

die for let

lake.

I schal be- lijk

F. 43

b.

sake,

grace, eer )?at I go,

trespas

amendis make.

(114)

Auditam

mane misericordiam

fac michi

tua???, qtiia

in

te speraui.

Tlii

mercy make me heere a-morowe,

For

haue had on pee

I

Helpe

J?at I

myu

905

For Thy Passion, rescue me from the bonds of

hope.

were out of [hjorowe,

sin

And

Lord, J?ou suffridist schame

And

!

alle ]?at ]?ere-yraie are lope.

bledfdist]

manye

me

Fro goostli bondis pou

That

I

&

sorowe,

910

a blody drope

borowe,

were out of synne crope.

(115)

Notam

michi uiam hi qua ambulem,

fac

leuaui awi/wara

my

J?at I

soule to pee haue

takij?

a-wey

The world

lift

mawnys

[a]

perfore, Ihesu curteys

Whos

915

Jprift.

herte was on cros [y]-clift, paj?is blende,

920

us bitraye neue-re eft

907. MS. borowe. 916. So K. MS. soone. ;

910. So K.

915. So K. 918.

passes away; let not the fiend betray us !

F. 44.

and kynde,

Late neuere feend oure

Ne

te

schal weende,

pis worldis wel]?e ha]? [soone] an eende,

And

ad

meam.

Teche me pe way

For I

qiiia

So K.

;

;;

!

58

;

!

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT (116)

me

Eripe

me

doce

iwimicis meis,

tie

volimtatem

facere

Domhie, ad

[tuam,

quia

te confugi

Deus mens

es tu]. Deliver me, Lord, from my enemies, and take me to Thyself

Delyuere me, Lord, fro

For Teche

my

am

streng)?e to pee fled

me

foos felle I

wille to fulfille,

]?i

For-whi ]?ou art

my God

Down myn enemy es

oonli.

]?ou felle

Eesseyue me, Lord,

to pi

925

;

mercy,

I

may

dreedlees in pee dwelle,

And

]?ou,

Lord, in

That

me

eendeleesly.

(117)

bonus deducet me in

Spiritus tuus

nomen tu[um, Domine,

Propter Thou lead

shalt to

uiuificabis

rectam.

me, in equi-

tate tua].

me

Heaven, where is

Thi good goost, [Lord], schal me lede all

Strei3t in-to

joy.

F. 44

terrain

b.

pe loud of

930

113 1,

for )?i name in ri$tfulheede, Thou schalt me make qwike & ll^fc. panne schal I d\velle[n] out of dreede Where ewere is day and neuere ny^t,

And,

For grisly goost schal pere noon grede 0[n]

hem

935

fat hen in hlis[se] bri^t.

(118)

Educes de tribulacione cordia tua disperdes Thou

shalt scatter my

enemies spare me, that I may

amend my life.

My

soule

\Yi})

pou schalt brynge out

mercy

And make

my

And, God,

Of

alle

J?at I

;

&

in miseri-

of care,

foo-nien disp[arpl]ye,

pe deuel droupe

That he drawe me

[3it], 3it,

ammam meam

omnes mimicos meos.

to

&

dare,

no folye

940

be not [maad] bare

goodnes

]?at I

can aspie,

Lord, abyde and spare,

pat I be amendid or I dye. 936. So K. 941. So K.

;

MS.

of.

938. So K. ; MS. disprauye. 943. MS. and.

;!

;

V.

!

LESSONS FROM THE DIRIGE

59

(119)

Et perdes onmes qui tribulant awima?;i meam, quoniam ego senilis tuus sum.

And pou

My

sclialt lese

945

liem that dissesen

F. 45.

Destroy

seme thee Late no more vppon me resen j)e goostes pat han greened me

enemies, and grant that I

Sende me grace thee

Heaven

soule, for I

And vouche In-to pe

Thou my

;

kingdom

my

to plesen,

whamie doom

saaf,

heuene

of

God

pus graimte me,

may have

me

place in

950

sclial be,

sey[s]en

in Persoonys pre

Amen.

V.

[LESSONS FROM THE DIRIGE.] Parce michi, Domine.

S

Pare me, Lord

;

forsope

Leccio pn'ma.

my

dayes ben noi^t.

What

Job

vii.

16-21.

is

man, pat pou magnifiest hym,

or

wherto

settiste

pou pin herte towardis hym? pou visitist hym in pe How long 5 dawenynge, and sodeynli pou prouest hym. sparist ]?ou not me, ne suffrist ]?at I s wolewe my spotil ? what sclial I do to pee, I haue synned pou keper of ;

men ? Whi liast pou sett me contrarye to pee, and I am maad heuy to my-silf? Whi takist pou not awey |

10

my

awey my wickidand, if pou seke me

synne, and wherfore berist J?ou not

nesse

1

Lo now

eerly, I schal

I slepe in poudir,

not witA-stonde.

myn a3einbier lyuep, and laste day, and in my flesch I

Responsoriu??i. I bileeue pat I sclial rise of

15 schal se Ye?\

pe erpe in pe

God my

Whom

Saueour.

I my-silf schal

myn i3en schulen se hym. And in my flesch I schal 951. So K.

;

se

se,

and noon

God my

MS.

o]?er,

Saueour.

resseyuen.

and

F. 45

b.

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

60

Tedet animam Job

x. 1-7.

vite mee.

Leccio

ij

a .

TT

anoiep

I

speche a^eins me, in bittirnesse I schal speke to

my

my

soule of

God

lijf,

and

my my

I schal leue

Wil pou not dampne me. deeme me pus. Whepir it Schewe to me whi pou wilt pinke pee good if pou chalen|ge and bere down me pe werk of pin handis, and pou helpist pe counceyl of wickide men 1 Whepir fleischly i^en ben to pee, or pon I schal seye to

soule.

f. 46.

meam

seest as a

man

Wheper

1

:

as dayes of

men

5

pi dayes, or pi

me?mys tymes, pat pou seeke my wickidnesse 10 and ransake my synne? And [wite] pou for I haue no

^eeris

ben

as

wickid ping doon, sipin pexe

no

is

man

pat may ascape

fro pin hond.

R.

Thow

pat reisidist up a^ein La^ar of pe monu-

ment stynkynge, pou, Lord, 3eue hem

reste

and space of 15

foi^euenesse.

Yer.

He

pat

and pe world bi

Job

x. 8-12.

F. 46

b.

come

to

deeme qwike and deede,

tier,

pou, Lord, 3eue

Manus

to

is

hem

rest

and space

tue fecerunt me.

of for^euenesse.

Leccio

iij

a.

20

iHyne hondis maden me and schopyn me al in cumHaue 1 pas, and so sodey?dy pou castist me down. maad me, hast pou pee, pat as myre mynde, I biseche rI

|

pou schalt a^ein lede me. Ne hast pou Wip 25 softid me as mylk and cruddidist me as chese? skyn and fleischis pou clopidist me, wip boones and wip senewes pou ioynedist me to-gydere, lijf and mercy pou and

}af

in-to poudir

me, and pi visitacioim hap kept

my

goost.

R. Lord, whanne pou comest to deeme pe erpe, where For I haue 30 schal I hyde me fro pe face of pi wrappe ? lijf. myche synned ri3t in my

My

Yer.

a-schamyd.

trespasse

I

dreede,

Whanne pou

and

bifore

pee I

am

comest to iuggement wil pou

not condempne me.

For

I

haue synned

rijt

myche

in

my lijf.

35

LESSONS FROM THE DIRIGE

V.

Quantas habeo iniquitates.

A

and deemest me

taken of pe

is

schewe

passis, I haue,

enemy

]?iii

pou

and pou wilt waaste

my

pou hast

my

hast kepte alle

my

10 steppis of

and

sette

my

tres-

niy$t],

'

hydist ]?ou

and

iovsope

me

J" 1 x*u

J?e

J?at

drye

F. 4
at

lyuynge beestis upo?* erj?e

heuene

of

ben vpon evpe."

in

pe

of foure corners of

pe

is

world,

ADAM AND EVE

LIFE OF

XIII.

Adam body was

maad.

§

And

77

aungels brou^ten

bat erbe fro bo foure parties, be whiclie aungels ben

And

Mychael, Gabriel, Rafael, and Uryel. bese aungels brou^ten was 5

&

bri^t

be erbe bat

schynynge

be

as

su?me, and bat erbe was brou^t out of foure floodis, pat

Geon, Phison, Tygris, and Eufrates.

to seye,

man

lijk to

be ymage of

face enspirynge of

Tha?mo

God maad,and God blew

|

bat

lijf,

§

to seye, his soule.

is

is is

in his

f. 6t.

So as

§

he was maad of foure parties of be erbe, also of foure 10 manor of wyndis he was enspirid.

Thanne ouro Lord, whanne Adam was maad, hadde seue hi??i no name and > §

;

'

The "fining of Adam.

ba?me he seyde to be foure aungels bat bei schulde?i

hym

seche eest,

a

And

§

and bere he say be

15 he took be in-to

name.

Michel wente forb in-to be

f^te Annocolim, and

sterre bat

firste lettre berof.

§

And

Rafael wente forb

be south, and foond be sterre of bo south bat hi^te

Dysis,

and he took be

first

bere-of.

lettre

And

§

Gabriel wente in-to be north, and foond bere be sterre of

be north bat hi^te Arthos, and he took be

20

berof.

pa/me wente Yriel

§

firste lettre

be west, and foond

in-to

bere be sterre of be west bat l^te Mensembryon, and he

took be

perof.

lettre

firste

The|se

§

lettris

weren

f. 6ib.

brou^t to oure Lord, and he bad Vriel reden hem, and lie

25

radde hem, and seyde,

"So A,

schal his

collige,

bat

D,

Disis

fiet

name be

A

"Adam," and

callid."

contulit

[Adam].

Adam was maad

Versus

:

M

Arthos,

And

oure Lord sayde,

Annotele dedit

Mensembrion

;

schulen vndirstonde

}e

party e was of be

of ei3te bingis.

sliym of be erbe, where-of his flesch was; and bere-of he

30

is slou}.

§

blood was

;

Anope?' partye was of be

and bere-of he

is

see,

where-of his

couetous and bisy.

§

pe

and fourbe The partye was of be § and pei'ecloudis, where-of ben hise binkyngis \vr0u3t § The fifbe partye was of be 35 of he ys leccherous. wynd, where-of is maad his breeb and berof he is li^t. § The sixte partye was of be sumie, and berof ben hise bridde partye was of stoonys of be erbe

he

is

hard and

berfore

;

bittir.

;

;

added in the margin by room for Adam. was added above the line.

27. fiet has been is not

35.

the

same hand.

There

A'of."

myjte

my

sle

we and seke we where-wi]? we not to seche." § Tha/me

fleisch

aryse, go

to lyue,

stynte

pe\

hadden

in Paradys

eeten.

§Tlwmne seyde Adam

;

be

it

]?at

flcscl), J?at is to seye,"j*

But

?

and ne

weuten and

sou^ten nyne dayes, but bei founden not siche

20

of hiso

s\^t

he iny3t6 lede pee a^eyn in-to Paradys; for-wlii

J?at

seyde

were slayen of pee,

I

ellis }?at

be doon awoy fro pe face of God,

10 so

Thamie seyde Wolde

dye for hunger.

lord, I

And b;inne is in lieuene and in ape his it be for pee or for me, I nook" § And Adam "My lord, sle me, pat I may

is

seyde Erie to

aungels, so

§

61

" Greet

whejrir

;

ADAM AND EVE

LIFE OF

XIII.

as

bei

nameless siche bei foimden as beestis to

Eue

"

:

Oure Lord God

delyueride mete to beestis, but to us he deliueride mete

But make we sorowe [and doo penaunce] Lord bat made us fourty day|es, if happily oure Lord God bat made us forjeue us and 25 ordeyne us where-wib to lyue." § Tha?me seyde Eue to Adam " My lord, sey me what is penaunce, or how we schulden do penaunce leste happily we taken upon us bat we may not fulfille, and oure preyers be not herd, and God turne his face fro ns, if we fulfille not bat we 30 ban bihote. § Thon, my lord, why seist bou so? Whi bou^tist bou to do penaunce, for I hane brou^t pee to of aungels.

bifore pe si}t of oure

:

;

tribulaciouw ? "

§

pa/aie seyde

Adam

to Eire

:

" My^tist

bou nott suffre as manye dayes as I may suffre as manye, and boil schalt be saaf. I schal suffre fourty 35 dayes and seuene, for al ping was maad, confermyd, and blessid in seuene dayes. Arise, and go bou to pe flood of Tygre, and bere a stoon wib pee, and stonde bere-on ;

in pe watir 14. 15.

vp

to pe necke,

and

repeats How my3te it be soule crossed out before fleisch.

MS.

WHEATLEY

MS.

no word come out

lete .

.

.

bat

is

to seye.

G

f. 66

6.

They do

jordanand lgris "

5

82

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

f. 67.

of pi

moup;

hen

for Ave

|

vnworpi

ourc lippis ben vncleue, for

Be pere fourty

we

for to praye

and I schal go

dayes,

in-to

Iordan, and be pere fourty dayes and seuene, ourc Lord

God wole haue mercy

pe watir of Tygre, as

in-to

in-to the fliim Iordan,

God,

eeten of pe forboden

and leyde

bad

if

flu in

happily

§ And Eue & Adam

of us."

Adam

pe

for tre.

;

^ede ^ede

botme

his stoon in pe

and stood pere-vpon to pe neckc in pa flood and pe heer of his heed was spied abrood on pe watir. of pe watir,

now pe sorowynge

Se

The lam en

of

Adam

;

10

here.

tat'on of

Adam.

Adam

Tlianne seyde

§

:

" I seye to pee, Iordan, gadere

to-gydere pi wawis and alio lyuynge beestis wijMwne pee,

and come]? aboute me and maakip sorowe wip me.

make

for 3011-silf f. 67

b.

110 ^

sorowe, but

3c

synned, but I wickidly a3eyns

Neipir

30

al for me my Lord |

diden ony defaute, neipir

;

for 3c

ban

haue synned.

ben bigylid

^e

JS'ot

1

f[ro]

3oure sustenaunce, neipir f[ro] joure metis ordeyned to

but I

3011;

am

bigylid i[ro]

my

sustenaunce which was

ordeyned for me."

Se

now how

lyuynge pingis sorowiden to-gydere 20

alle

wip Adam.

Whanne Adam hadde maad sikynge and soruful

teeris,

on erpe,

and

fisch,

foul,

pis lamentacioun

al

panne

bcest,

wip

lyuynge pingis

alle

cam[e»]

aboute

hym

makynge sorowe wip hym, and pe watir also soruyngly 25 stood

wip vois

stille

in pat

teoiis criede to

wexide

tyme of preiynge. § Thanne Adam pe Lord fro day to day, so pat his

liors.

sorowyngc weren

lyuynge pingis pat F.

6-t.

And whanne nynetene dayes of Adam and of Eue and alle sorowiden wip hem for her synne, 30 §

fullillid of

panne

his ad|uersarye pe feend, stirid

enuye

to

hemward, transfyguride

wip wrappe and

hym

in-to

a

fayr

ymage, and wente to pe flood of Tygre pere Eue was sorowynge, and cam to hir and wepte wip 16.

18.

MS. MS.

for.

17.

for.

24.

hir.

MS. for. MS. came.

;

LIFE OF

XIII.

Now

how be

se

ADAM AND EVE

83

jo

feend trecherously spak to Eue.

" Come out Eue and seyde J no more, for bou art discharged of of be flood and wene L al bin obir penaunce, for God hab seen 30111'e sorowis, 5 and hab foi^eue 3011 3oure trespassis at be preyer of me and of alle obere aungelys. perfore come now out, for $ o

Tlianne cam be feend to x

:

'

Satan dereives Eve, ami i' er suades lier to forsake

her penance.

Adam bi lord is out, and God sente me to bee, to lede Adam and bee to ^oure sustenaunce a^eyn which ye hadden in Paradys, and losten for ^oure synne. And 10 berfore come out, bat

maad

redy."

§

was greene

hir flesch

whanne sche cam and lay bere 15

weren

^e

Tlianne

And whanne Adam

,^

Eue, where

is

be

down

is

wajtir,

and

watir,

and

be

F. 68

6.

for feblenesse,

deed almoost a day

took hir up and cunifortide §

be

of

as gras for coold of

to loud sclie fel

stille as

^oure mete bat

at

Eue wente out

deuel ; and be and brou^te hir to Adam. he cryede wepynge "

hir,

say ipwerk

hir,

:

penaunce

of bi

1

how

;

•

is

Adam denounces

•

it

bat

Satan,

oure enemy hab bus bigylid bee, be which bigylide us fro oure dwellynge place in Paradys and oure goostiy

20 ioye

1

"

Whanne Eue

§

knew

herde bis, sche

hir-silf

bigylid born be feend, and fel grouelynge to be erbe, and

banne was

sorowe doublid.

hir

§

Adam

Tlianne

fel

down, and his sorowe doublide, and cryede and seyde "

Curside be bou, deuel

25 haue we doon to bee

;

;

what

why

bou bus wickidV

a3ems

what

;

doost bou sich malice to us

haue we oi^t bynonie bee bi flutist

eylide bee at us

:

us,

|

ioye or bi honour;

bou

envious

win

f. 69.

and

deuel

1

Se

now be answer

of be deuel to

Adam.

.

pa>tiie

30 .

Adam,

al

answende be deuel sorufully and seyde i

heritage bat I

bee I

am

hadde

,

j.

in

.

heuene among aungels, and for

cast out in-to erbe."

pe answer of Adam

ok

Adam

"

myn envye, malyce, and sorowe is born bee, for T 1 am kepte iro my ioye and cast out ol myn '

boru bee

:

to be deuel.

"

What haue

bou mel

pou were

answeride and seyde to be deuel

I do to bee, or wherfore blamest

vnknowen

to

me, ne I wiste not of bee."

:

Satan relates how he was cast out oi

Heaven because he would not worship

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

84

Now

pe answer of pe deuel to Adam.

The deuel seyde

f. 69b.

'

:

;

pou. woost not

what pou

down

pat day pat pou were maad, I was cast

seist, for in

fro

Adam

to

and wlianne God blew in pee pe spiryt of and J?ou were nia|ad to pe liknesse of God, and

heuene

lijf,

;

Michel ledde pee bifore God, and God seyde:

Adam

haue maad S3

as oon of us,

—

'

5

Lo, I

" '

now how Michel wolde haue Adam

to

be

worschipid by Goddis ordynau^ce. " Michel went forp and clepide '

Worschipe

pe ymage

^ee

And

aundid.'

pilk

clepide and seyde to

And

Lord God.'

I haue not to

of

My3hel

me

firste

I answeride

doone

God,

]

honouride him, and

and seyde

' :

worschipe Adam.'

to

:

God hap com-

as

Hononre pe ymage

'

:

and seyde

alle aungels,

Michel chargide me to worschipe pee,

of oure

Nay, nay §

seyde to

I

;

Whanne

hym

1")

:

Wherc-wip chargist J?ou me 1 I wole not worschipe a pan 1 am. I am fairer pan he, and I was afore and eer he \vas, I was maad and perfore alle creaturis '

foulir

;

;

he schal worschipe me, ami I not hym.' aungels F

to.

§

put hcrden

Thaft|ne seyde

wolden not worschipe

pis

M^bel

:

'

:

on pe

'If

sterris of

ln^este.'

Se

God

oprre 20

hym.

Worschipe pou pe ymage

God, or God wole he wroop wip pee.

hym

And

}

And

I seyde to

he wroop wip me, I schal sette heuene, and be

iijk

to

hym

of

my

pat

is

seete

alpir 25

"

now how

was putt out

Lucifer

of heuene for his

pryde and vnobedience. §

"

Thamie God was wroop wip me, and comaundide

pat I schulde be dryuen out of heuene, and out of

my

30

by pe cause of pee we ben cast out of oure dwellynge, and put here in-to erpe. And anoon I was brou3t in sorowe and angre, for I was put out of al my ioye, and pou were put yn alie delycis and murpis. And perfore I bigan to be envyous to 35 ]?ee-ward, and 1 my^te not suifre pee to be so in ioye, ne ioye,

wip myra aungels

23.

MS.

;

and

so

wrooj) crossed out after wrooj.'.

LIFE OF

XIII.

lyue in so lide the

|

bi delicis,

But banne I wente and bigiwomman, and wib hir I bigilide bee f[ro] alle murbis, and ioyes, ri^t as I was put out of my

Whanne Adam

§

wepynge, and seyde hondis

"

:

me be

i

lamentacyoun

bis

10 awey fro his

may

he

ioye bat he lees

ill hadde

i

bis, lie criede

lijf

bin

in

is

my soule. Whanne Adam

to spillo "

!

*

§

i

-i

maad, bo

Adam

and

si$t,

my

Lord God,

for lie sekib euere in al bat

Lord, graunte

herde

f. to 6.

bis wickid aduersaiye be fer from me,

make bat

;

85

mm be.

myche

glorious beynge."

5

ADAM AND EVE

•

i

i

vaneschide

ileuel

Adam

corh-

vletes his j,

enar.ee.

truly fulfillide bore fourty

dayes and seuene in penaunce in be watir of Iordan.

Now

se

And Eue

§

to bee

15 for at be cursid

seyde to

grauntid

is

lijf,

am

:

"

My

lijf

Adam.

to

Lord God lyueb grauntid

is

And now

me

departe

•

;

bou were not

laste,

wole be departid fro be

bee

to

cursid and bigilid, for I kepte

God.

heestis of

Adam and my

tyme, neibir at be

firste

but I

;

how Eue spak

here firbirmcore

fro

|

be

not be II3 fc

of

of bee, for I

bis

lijf,

am

not worbi to se bee, neibir to liaue murbe of bee ne

for I

20 cumfort for as I

may

my

wickidnesse

;

si$t

but I wole weende as fer

be west, and dwelle bere

in-to

til

bat I dye."

And

erect sorowe, and sche wente forb r in-to be r west wib r & made hir a wonyinge styde to dwellen ynne, and wepte '

bere-ynne bittirly

And

§

And whanne be tyme cam

was (rauelid wib manye dyuerse

sche mette wib oure Lord, and

" Lord,

haue mercy on

me and

of

hym

:

helpe me," and

God

And

sche

hir.

§

wib moornynge cheere " Who sclial now do my lord to wyten of my vvol I preye [3011], H3 tis in heuene, whamie $e turnen a-^eyn in-to be eest, to

hir-silf

:

j

pat 3e sche we

my

,

soone as sche

35 openyd

to

sorowes to

lii! hadde pus

Adam.

sorowes, he seyde to me,

§

MS.

Adam myn

:

husbonde." As t hir dissesis weren

1

•

•

And whanne Adam knew

leste

for.

1

preyed,

" ])e dissese of

and berfore, 2.

West,

sijknessis.

seyde to

herde hir not, neibe?' hadde mercy on

30 seyde

Eve departs into the

and bat tyme sche hadd go wib

;

25 childe bre monebis. birbe, sche

f. 71.

my

wijf

Eue

is

hir

comen

be wickid addir be feend come 31.

MS.

\>e.

f. 71

6.

warned

of

ner sickness

bytheiights

Adam her.

visits

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

86

and

I wole go

fi^te wij? hir,

wente

and foond hir

for]?,

and visyten

§

sorowe and

in greet

And anoon whawne Eue say

And

hir."

disse.se.

sche seyde

hi???.,

lie

"My

:

wel refreyschid pom pe si^t of Adam." " Now, good lord, preyo panne seyde Eue to Adam soule and

lijf is

5

:

my^te be delyuerid

for me, pat I

And Adam Se

preyede

now here

God

to

midwyues

of pe

delyucrau??ce of

And

F 72

]?anne J?ere

vertues,

The

birth of Cai "'

]?at

stondynge

al

syde.

lift

to

is

fro ]?ese worate peynes."

for hir.

of

Caym

And

of

J?e

hir child.

camen twelue aungels seye, two opere ordn'3

aboute hir, boJ?c on pe §

Eue and

and two 10

|

aungels,

of

syde and on pe

rr$t

Michel stood on pe

ri$t

syde and

touchide hir face and hir brest, and he seyde to hir "

:

Eue,)wu art blessid for Adam, pat

and pe preyers

of

hym

is, for the penaunce 15 liise preyers we ben

for J?orn

;

sent to pee, ]?at ]?ou my^te vndirstonde help and socour of

But ryse

Goddis aungels.

pe

bir]?e, for pi

and

J>erto,

tyme

And

nv}."

is

and make pee redy

J?ou,

sche

sche childide a sone wi]?

made

to

hir redy

sorowe.

And 20

§

anoon pe child roos up and ran for]? and took gras in hise hondis and jif to hise raodir, and pel clepiden § Thanne Adam look Eue and hir his name Caym. child,

p

and ledde hem

in-to

pe

And

eest.

sente Mi3hel pe archaungel to ?o\ve dyuerse seedis,

7-26.

hem

2af

to

Adam, and

pe lond and

to

tau^te

banc

Adam

fruyt to

to

lytic

God

oure Lord

wirke and

and 25 |

to tilye

by, and alle

pe

generaciouns aftir hem.

The birth

of

Now

anoon suwynge h^re

Abel.

aftir

Adam cumpanyede

Thanne Eue conseyuede and hare Abel, and Caym and Abel woneden §

Eve's dream.

30

wi]> his wijf.

Eue seyde

to

Caym

:

"

My

a sone ]>at hi^te

to-gydere.

dere sone, as I slepte

And my-

pe blood of Abel J>i bro]nr falle in ]un And pe same sche toolde to Adam, and Adam 35

£011310 I say

hondis."

seyde

:

" I drede J?at

Caym

schal sle Abel

;

schulen be departid and dwellen a-sundir."

|?erfore

pei

And

J?ei

;

ADAM AND EVE

LIFE OF

XIII.

87

maden hem dwellynge placis pat oon fer fro pat opere, and maden Caym a tylier of erpe, and Abel a scheparde. And }it aftirward Caym SI0113 Abel.

how Caym SI0113 Abel. That tyme pat Caym slon} Abel, tlianne Se

5

§

an hundrid and

Adam

Eue

to

Aftir

pritti 3eer oold.

and gate a sone pat

his wijf,

" I

:

Adam was knew Adam Eue |

pamie seyde sone for Abel, pe

bi^te Seth.

baue bigeten a

f. 73.

The birth

Thanne lyuede Adam aftir he 10 bigat Seeth ei^te hundrid ^eer, and bigat pritti sones and two and pritty dou^tris. Alle hise children weren sixti which Caym

S10U3."

§

and fyue, whiche multiplieden greetly on pe §

how Caym slou} Abel, and of God took of Caym (Genesis ii[i]j°).

This pat suep tellip

pe veniaunce pat

A

15

erpe.

manye

Ftir

dayes,

Caym

schulde offre of pe fruytis

JTJLof pe erpe and jiftis to pe Lord; pe

offride

firste

The slaying

Abel forsope

bigeten of hys rlok and of pe fatnesse of

And pe Lord bilield to Abel and to hise ^iftis to Caym forso)?e and to hise }iftis he bihelde not. And 20 Caym was greet jly wroop, and ]?ere-wip fille his cheer, And pe Lord seyde to hym " Win artow wroop, and hem.

f. 73 6.

:

whi pere-wip if

fallip pi

pou doost well

cheer?

forsope ynel, anoon in pi ^atis

ellis

synne schal be at pee.

pi f

Schaltow not resseyue,

But vndir pee schal be

25 pe appetyte of him, and pou schalt haue pe lordschip of And Caym seyde to Abel his bropir, " Go we him." out,"

and whanne

"Caym, where

seyde:

30 answeride

pe

weren in pe

"

1

" I

:

is

he seyde to

And

pe Lord

Which

am

;

hym

"

:

vois of [pe blood of] pi bropir

erpe.

Now

I pe keper of

What

hast

Whanne pou

not ^eue to pee

|

fro

Catch-ioord

1

?

pe

erpe,

of pi bropir

worchist pe erpe he schal

hyse fruytis; vagaunt and fer fugytif

pou schalt be on erpe 5.

me

criep to

my

pou do

panne pou schalt be cursid upon pe

which openede his moup, and took pe blood 35 of pin bond.

aroos

Abel pi bropir T'

woot nere where

And

Caym

feeld,

bropir Abel and slou} him.

a^eins his

bropir

pei

alle

Adam.

pe dayes of pi 24.

MS.

lijf."

hi hi

synne.

f. 74.

88

TIIK AVHEATLEY

Se pe answer of

my

wickidnes.se pan

pou

caste

me

And

doon

so,

for^euenessc.

is

Se,

And

fynde

sclial

me

fer

5

schal sic

hym u It schal not be Caym schal be scucnefoold

sle

:

pe Lord sette a signe in Caym, pat

hym

schulde not

sle

him.

And Caym 10

§

passide out fro pe face of pa Lord, and dwellide fer

Ennok of

it

pe erpe

knewe

forsope 6.

pat schal

ech pat fyndip

fugitijf in

F. 74

panne pat

alle

;

al

poneschid." gener-

" Moore

:

and I schal be vagaunt and

the Lord seyde to

but

God

pe Lord

to

out pis day fro pe face of pa erpe, and fro

fugitijf in erpe

me."

Lord God

to his

pat 1 disserue

pi face I sclial be hid,

ations of Cain.

Caym

Than ne Caym seyde

§

The

MANUSCRIPT

at

his

wijf,

which

pe name

|

bar

name

elepide pe

Ennok.

of his sone

and

conseyuede

and he bildide a cytee, and

;

aftir

Caym

pa eest place of Eden.

And Ennok

§

15

gate Irad, and Irad gaat Mauyael, and Mauyael gaate

Matusael, and Matusae] gate Lanieth, pe which took

two wyues, pe name

Ada, and pe name of pat

of pat oon

op^re Sella; and he gaat label, pat was fadir of dwellers

and pe name of his bropir 20 Tubal, he was pe fadir of syngers in harpe and orgon. in tentis

and of schepardis

Sella gale

smyth of

;

Tubalcaym, pat was an hamer-sniyth and

and of

inio alle werkis of bras

Tubalcaym, Noenia.

And

wyues Ada and Sella: "Hcere wounde,

a jonge

je

F. 75.

Lanieth forsope

Adam knew

|

hys

pe name of

hym

is

of

boron a sone,

voys,

my

wyues

§

§

lates to Seth liow lie was

I schal telle to pee

rapt into Paradise.

weren

Forsope

of }it

:

"God

sente to

me

whom Caym slou}." But and to whom lie elepide Enos pis bigan ;

:

" Sone, heere

what I say and herde

cast out of Paradys.

I

and pi niodir

in orisoun, Michel pe archaungel, to

man

a

and sehe bar a sone and elepide 30

seyde to Seeth

Adam re-

of 25

wannesse.

inwardly to clepe pe name of pe Lord (Genesis

And Adam

hise

seuenefoold,

seuenfoold."

a

sistir

to

for I slouj

Caym

Seeth, seiynge

anopir seed for Abel,

Seth

;

sciicntisifche

wijf,

my

my word wexyngc man into

30mm

Veniaunce schal be

and pe

Lanieth seyde

Lanieth, and lierkne }e in-to

ivnn,

to ).

me, and

aftir

as

iiij

pat we

we weren

Goddis messanger, cam

me, and I say ordris of aungels as picke as wynd beynge

.35

" "

;

in a fair cerele,and I say

ADAM AND EVE

LIFE OF

XIII.

89

a chare, andpe whelis perof asfier.

was raueschid into Paradys, and pare, I say oure Lord, and his semelannt was as fier bremiynge, and Ids cheer was so bri^t pat I n^te not endure to

panne

I

f. 756.

|

5

loke pere-upon

and

;

a greet

multitude of aungels weren

a-boute pe heemys of pe bri^tnesse of hys semelannt. §

And

say n-noper wondirful cunipanye of aungels

I

beynge on his

rijt

syde and

lift

syde

and

;

was in greet

I

made my preyer to God in erpe. And my 10 Lord God seyde to me: 'Wyte pou wel pat pou schalt dye, for pou foi^ete my comaundement, and herdist pe dreede, and

word

which I

of pi wijf

and pi soget

pee to be pin vndirlyng

}af to

and pou obeyed ist

at pi wille,

and

to hir

not to me.'

now here pe rpreyer of Adam folewmge. o j Thanne seyde Adam "Nowwhanne I herde Se

15 §

:

wordis, I

Adams

'

fel

down

to

pe erpe and seyde

:

prajerto Go(L

Lord moost

'

God hope pe worschipful name of

my^tful and moost merciable,

meke, ne for^ete not

peso

blessid

and

pi dignyte,

f. re.

|

20 but conuerte pou

my

passip out of face,

my

soule,

Ne

moil)?.

for I dye,

ca*te

which pou hast maad

my

spiryt

not a-wey fro pi

pe sliym of pe erpe

of

pou hym bihynde, pat pou hast norischid

neipir putte

wip pi

me

and

Bihold

grace.

on me,

how

Lord,

wordis

pi

25 brennen me.'

Lo now, how God spekip "

And

oure Lord

God

seyde

' :

to

Adam.

God's answer

For pin herte

is

sich

pat pou louest science and goodnesse, and repentist pee,

pou schalt not be doon awey 3q seed pat come}? be

lore.'

hym

§

kunnyng, and pe

fro pi

of pee, pat wole serue me, sclial neuere

And wlumne

I herde pese wordis, I honouride

lowly on pe evpe, and seyde: 'pou art

God

with*-

oute bigynnyng and eendyng, and e[uery] creature owip to worschipe

35

li^tis

pee and loue pee.

s[chy]|nynge, pou art verry

pat no tunge 4.

33.

may

telle

pou

I13 1

of

art lijf,

ne comprehenden in

not written above the MS. faded.

aboue

pou

35.

art sich

witt.

line.

MS. faded.

alle

§

f. 76 6.

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

90

greet verfcu

p\\'k

honour and

God,

of

preisi?ig

whanne

;

poru pi greet vertu,

And anoon as aungel of God

po\\ hast

Paradys in

maad mankynde

bihouej? pee to be worschipid.'

I hadde preyed

]?is,f

helde a ^erde in his liond, wip wliicli

pe watWs

p^e

to

M^hel pa arclitook myn bond and caste me out of pe visitaciouns fro pe si^t of God. And

§

M^hel

it

^euen

creaturis

alle

J?at

weren

touehide

lie

pe eircuyte of Paradys

in

5

&

;

wij?

pe which touching of pe forseid }erde pe\ congyliden to-gydere

in-to

Michel wente

Paradys

of

a^eynward

f. 77.

And

yse.

\x\p

fro

me, and ladde

aseyn in-to pe place

pe "which he raueschide me, and efte

me

he ledde

|

me

and 10

hem,

wente vpon

I

he raueschide

to J?e lake pere

me."

now how Adam schewide

Se

The ecy °

J^at

Adam.

" Now,

§

my

weren to-comynge

]?at

aftir.

sone Seeth, heerc me, and

to pee pe pryuytees }?at

ben schewid

to

me

;

Seeth Jnngis 15

to his sone

ben

to come,

for

whi

I

I schal

schewe

and pe sacramentis

vndirstood and knewe

come in ]?is world tempera! pe whiche 20 mannys kynde, ]?at is to seye, I hadde my knowiwge and myn vndirstondyng of }?ing ]?at is to-comynge by pe etynge ]?at I eet of pe tre of vndirstondynge. § Also I vndirstood pat God schal schewe him in foorme of tier, and go out of pe seete of his 25 maieste, and he schal ^eue to men hise heestis, and make hem holy in the hows of his maieste. And God schal ]?at

ben

God made

for

sche|we to

hem

pingis

f

77b.

whiche

}?ei

to

a meruelous place of his magiste,

schulen

make dwellynge

placis in erpe

vpon ;

and

schulen bigge an hous on evpe to her God. 30

peve

J?ei

And

pe\ schulen breke hise comaundementis, and her

holy place schal be brent, and her loud schal be forsake,

and ech of hem schal be dryn[e«]

fro opir, for

j^ei

wolen

wrappe God. And pe seuepe day God schal make hem saaf, and brynge hem a^ein to-gydere, and eft ]?ei 35 schulen bigge newe housis to her God, and panne schal

pe

laste 4.

hous of MS.

Jris

God bis

be betir saued J?an pe

Michel.

33.

first.

MS.

dryfie.

And

eft

soone

and

God

eft schal

ouercome i^twijsnesse,

schrewidnesse

schal

men

dwelle with

91

ADAM AND EYE

LIFE OF

XIII.

in erpe to be seyen,

and J?nnne schal ri^twijsnesse bigynne for to schyne, and [eujemyes schnlen no moore power bane to [noy] 5

ony man pat and

folk,

men

wickid

po,

departid from God, for

And be

God.

trowi)? in

scbal sane bis

I

F

-

7S -

poneschid and

schnlen be

wolden not kepe hise heestis

J?ei

ne his lawe, and God scbal reyse a saaf peple to be

10

And

maad

wiJ?-outen eende.

Adam

out of his

men schnlen put kyngdom, and aftinvard who ]?at wole

of pat

kyngdom

lone heuene and erj?e, ny^tis and dayos,

and

worschipynge

creaturis

alle

wickide

to

pe Lord

and pel

;

schnlen not breke hise comaundementis, ne pe\ schnlen

not chaunge hise

15 comaundementis of God,

God

schal

schulen dwelle in ]?at

out

putt

men, and

wickide

pe

as ri^twijsnesse in

is

ri^twise

God.

si^t of

tyme men schnlen be purifyed Wijs

foi^etynge

schulen be chaungid

J?ei

watir of Cristendom, not

20 watir.

And men

werkis.

of her

;

pe for

men And

synne by

willynge to be purified by

|

f. 786.

pat man pat amendij? his soule, for whi

peve schal be a greet day of iuggement a-mong synful

men, and her deedis schnlen ben enqwerid of

God

Se

her iime."

now how Adam and

95

clepide to-gydere alle hise children,

hem

enfoormede

AlSTd

whanne Adam was he wiste wel

^eer oold,

soone eende.

30

He

hem

]?at

And

pmgis,

Adam calls his children to him.

ny$ pe deep.

J?at hise lijf

I

and

nyne huridrid and gritty

of

seyde to Eue

children bifore me,

,

.

manye

of

schewide hem pat he was

my

ri^twijs

:

dayes schulden

" Gadere to-gydere alle

may

hem and

speke to

camen to-gydere in ]?re partyes bifore his preiynge place where Adam hadde preyed to oure Lord God, and pel camen to-gydere w\p

blesse

eer I

o vois, seiynge

;

dye."

"What

sey ^e to us, fadir?

35 we gaderid hidir, and whi us

what

is ]?i wille, ]?at

liggist ]?ou in

we do

4.

]?ci

it."

MS. faded.

]?i

Whi

bed

1

?

|

ben

Sey

to

f. 79

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

92

Now Adam

spak

to hise children.

Thanne Adam answeride and seyde: "My children, me is ful wo, and wip sorowis I am trauelid." And " Fadir, what is it to hise children seyden to hyni " haue yuel, and wip sorowis to bo traueylid 1 §

:

How

seth offers

go to PnndiBPand

to

nsk for

1

s °

lie

fruit thereof,

Thanne

Adam Adam his

Seeth spak to

seide Seeth to

5

his fadir. fadir

"

:

Lord

myJ

pou hast desyrid for to etc of pe fruyt of Paradys, of pe which sumtyme pou eete and perfore, Willow pat I go 10 I suppose, pon liggist pus in sorowe. and nei^he pe $atis of Paradys, and do dust on myn fadir, happily

;

heed, and fade donw tope erpe bifore pe ^atis of Paradys,

and crye f. 79

1>.

in greet lamentacioim, preiynge oure Lord,

happily he wole heere to

me and

|

seende hysaungel to me, "

brynge me pat pou dosirist?

Now Adam

and

spak

r l

>

to Seeth.

" Sone, Thanne Adam answeride and scyde 1 ful and greet sijk haue desyre no ping, but I waxe §

:

penaunce in

my

body."

The answer §

Seeth answeride

pou what

perfore sey

" Fadir,

§

I

wn ^ Adam was " Thanne seyde Adam :

Adam.

20

noot what sorowe

and hyle

it is

Se

Adam teiis of the Pali.

:

of Seeth to

it

is ;

not."

put in Paradys.

my

Heerip, alle

children,

whanne God made me and $oure modir, and putte us 25 in Paradys,

and

}af us alle

pe trees berynge fruyt to

whanne we wolden, but oonly of pe tre of knowynge good and yuel, pat stondip in pe niyddil of Pa?*adys. § pus God putte us in Paradys, and jaf eten

of

me power Y, so.

nor]?,

and

in

pe

eest

to ^oure

and

modir

in lie

pe partye pat

is

a;ens pe 30

pe south vnto pe

}af fro |

west,

and

}af us

two atmgels

to

kepe

pat pese aungels wenten in-to pe

us.

si}t of

pe

fcyme earn

God hym

to

panne anoon pe feend foond a place in joure 35 modir, and counseilide hir to ete of pe forboden tre and sclie eet, and prof ride me to ete, and I eet. And honoure.

;

:

ADAM AND EVE

LIFE OF

XIII.

anoon oure Lord God was wroob '

pou

For

5

sor[o]wes

me

now

se,

:

I

of dyuerse

pe corona of bin heed vnto pe

fro

;

to

comaundementis, and bat

body seuenty woundis

in-to pi

caste

and seyde

bon hast not kepte,

bee

ordeynede to

I

sclial

my

hast forsake

to us,

93

sole of pi

membris of pi body be pei turmentid.' Lo, manye sijknessis God hap ordeyned us, and to alle

f[oo]t alle dyuerse

oure osprynge."

he

is

§

Adam

This

taken wip greet sorowis, and be cr[i]ede wib greet

10 vois and seyde: " Wb[at] putt in bese sorowes

bigan

scbe

'

to

And

and nott he."

me

part of

30111x3

.

fallib

doun and makip sorowe

in

wole comaurade an aungel to go

be which renneb oyle of

lijf,

of bat medicyn, bat 3c

ye to

be

pe

si3t of

to

and happily he

us,

be

oure Lord God,

tie of

mercy, fro

and happily he scbal ^eue

may

bere-wib a-noynte me,

bat I my3|te be lissid of bese sorowis, in be whiche I

now how

Se

am

ful

wery

Seeth and Eue his modir wenten toward

_

§

And

while bei 3eden by be weye,

sodeynly pere cam an addir, a foule beeste wib-outen pytee as

were a feend, and boot Seelb wickidly in be

And wbanne Eue

face.

35

it

bittirly

cursid,

and

alle

5, 9, 10.

15.

say bat, scbe bigan to wepe

and seyde: §" Alias

MS.

is

me, wrecche, for I

am

bat kepen not be comaundement of God."

MS. faded. bi.

on

the way,

a serpent bites Seth in the face

,

Tlianne Seeth and Eue his modir wenten towarde

Paradys in haaste.

f. si.

of."

Paradys.

30

oil of life.

:

happily he wole haue mercy on

brenne and

Paradise to ask for the

and caste erpe on ^oure beedis and

of Paradys,

3011

sends

Eve and Sethto

Adam "Good syre, sorowes, for my defautis maken § And Adam seyde to Eue

"Arise and go wib pi sone Seeth, and nei^he

25

Iris-

wepe and seyde: "Lord God, T me, for whi 1 baue trespassid,

^atis

if

f. sot.

Adam

herd bis sorowe of hir

scbe seyde to

pee to baue sorowes."

20

am

of Eue.

.

.

putte b[ese] sorowes in

^eue

wrecche, do bat

I,

1

And wbanne Eue hadde bonde,

scbal

|

"

now pe lamentacyoun

Se

15

seiynge to bise sones,

6.

MS.

26.

feet.

Catch-word

te.

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

94

And

sche seyde to pe addre wi]? a greet vois

"0

:

}?ou

whi doutist ]?ou nott to hirte and to a-noye Goddis yniage, and how artow hardy to f^te wi]? it, or

cursid beest,

And pe

greeue so worJ?i a creature ?" 1

too)? to

J?i

F. 81 b.

answeride and sey|de wij? a greet voys \vhej?ir

:

"

addir

)?ou Eue,

5

oure schrewidnesse be not a-fore God, ne ha]?

God stirid oure woodnesse a^eius 30U'? Sey, j?ou how were J?ou so hardy to ete of pe tre which oure Lord God comaundide pee to ete not of? For bifore hadde we no power in 3011, but aftir J?afc 30 liadde broke Goddis bidding we hadden power in 3011." not

Eue,

Se

now how Seeth spak

to

10

pe serpent.

Thanne seyde Seeth to J?at cursid worm "Cursid Go awey fro pe si^t of merc, close pi God 111011)3 and waxe J?ou donibe, cursid enemy and distrier 15 §

:

be ]?ou of

!

of ri^twijsnesse

go fro pe

si3t of

Goddis yniage

a3evu to be prouyd what J?ou

calle )?ee

worm

;

seyde

Seth

to

" I

:

may

art.

not

til

God

And pe

§

wi]?ctoiule

]?i

now I go awey fro pe ymage of God." Seeth and Eue hy.s modir wenten to pa gatis of 20

biddyng, but F. 82. I

§

Paradys, and

J?ei

tooken pe dust of pe erpe and easten

on hir heedis and on her

facis,

grouelynge

fillen

pe erpo and madeii greet sorowe,*f preyinge God

to

haue mercy on Adam, and to

and pel

brynge

hem

of

J?at

to

he wolde sende an aiu/gel

pe oyle of pe

tre of

mercy

to hele wij?

25

Adam.

Seep pe answer of pe auugel to Seeth.

Michael prophesies

St.

of the coming of Christianity.

§

am

The aungel Mychael appeeride [pe] archaungel Mychael, put

keper of ma?mys body.

hem and seyde "I am ordeyned of God

to

:

I sey to pee, Seeth,

wepe no 30

moore, preiynge for pe oyle of mercy to anoynte wij?

pe body of thi fadir Adam, for J?ou my3te not haue of pat oyle of mercy

and

ei3te 23. 27.

til

fyue ]?ousinde

3eer,

two hundrid,

and twenti be eendid."

MS. sorowe and

preyinge. First he above the line.

29.

MS.

an.

ADAM AND EVE

LIFE OF

Xllt.

95

Se here pe profecye of Cristis co|mynge. "

§

Thanne

sclial

come on erpe Ihesu

and schal be baptisid

sone,

dye and

sclial

Adam

to

82

6.

Goddis

Crist,

pe flum Iordan, and

in

a3eyin and go

rise

p.

lie

and anoy?ite

lielle

and brynge him [to blisse] and alle 5 feipful deede men wip liym, wliiche anoyntynge sclial dure wip-outen eende. § Thamie sclial Crist Ihesu stye pere

pi fadir

up, and he wole lede pi fadir in-to Paradys to his tre

And

of mercy.

10 hym,

now

go pou

be tyme of hise

to bi

ben doon,

lijf-dayes

sixe dayes his lijf sclial passe,

hadde 15

seid pis,

among pe

erpe

W ha?me r

§

for

to

aftir

and panne pou scbalt see

grete wondris in henene and in

aungels of heuene."

and sey

fadir

IVIi^liel

bri^t

pe archaungel

anoon he vanescliide awey.

§

And Eue

and Seeth turneden a3eyn hoomward, and tooken wip

hem swete oynementis

(odoramentaf ), pat

j

Nardum

is,

f. 83,

and Crocuni and Calamynte and Cynamoniuw and Canel.

And whanne pei camen hooin to Adam, pei how pe serpent hadde byten Seeth his sone. §

20

Se §

now how Adam spak

And Adam

seyde to his wijf

teelden

to Eue.

Death of

" Biholde what pou

:

pun hast broi^t to us a oure kynde. But soply al

hast do to us.

greet dissese,

synne to

pis pat

do

al

and

to ns,

25 children

aftir

pat ben doon, schewe to oure

alle pingis

my

deep, pat pei pat schulen

curse towardis us,

and seye

§

:

'

former fadir and modir brou^t us

30 bigynnyng afore to |

seyde to

§

doel.

Adam

to,

pat weren in pe

§

And,

diede,

"Biholde

and seep now how

Whanne 16.

dayes

;

Whanne Eue

§

hise children:

\n pis

25.

us.' "

wepe and make

bifore, aftir sixe

children,

of us

panne pei schulen These dissesis han oure

pat pei schnlen hane, ne pe sorowis

35 dayes

come

ne shulen not ben wroop to bere pe dissesis

here-aftir

bygan

and pou hast

I dye,

herde pis, sche as

Michel seyde

and eer he diede, he ^e

now on me, my

and pe noumbre of

world ben nyne hundrid }eer and

I

MS. MS.

am

deed, biriep

ordorameiita. to cxptinyed,

and

me

my

thritty.

a^ens Goddis 3erd in pe

of added above the line.

P. 83

6.

THE WIItiATLEY MANUSCRIPT

96

feeld of his

seyd

And whanne

dwellynge place."

word, he 3eeldide up pe

]?is

waxide derk, and

spirit,

he hadde

and pe simne

inoone and pe sterns ei^te dayes

J?e

lastynge.

Eve ana her

now how

Se

Eue his modir diden aboute Adam.

Seeth and

children

mourn

for

5

him.

And whanne

§

leyd

for]?

and Eue his modir hadden

Seeth

a-down oon tyme and saten sorowiden upon f. 8i.

|

downward

heedis,

is

ano]?ir tyme,

and pel greetly

erj?e,

lokiden 10

}?ci

clappynge her hondis vpon

down

lier lieedis

to her

knees

alle lier cliildren also.

now how Myjhel pe arehaungel spak

Se

buried

pe

puttide?!

and

]?anne pe\ kneliden

deed body, and euere

}?at

to ward is

and pe\

soore wepynge,

He

Adam,

the deed body of

to Seeth.

by the angels in Paradise.

And panne

§

and

to

Eue

And

heed.

of thi fadir,

his lie

Michel pe arehaungel spak to Seetli 15

modir

as ]?ei

weren stondynge

seyde to Seeth

and come

to

me

" Aryse

:

alle

hym

at pis tyme."

aungels trumpiden vp, seyinge

:

20

" Blessid

pou art now merciable on hym." § Thanne s[ay] Seeth pe bond of God holden up and [hel]de hys fadir soule, and took it to Sey[nt] Mychael, and seyde: " Lete p\s soule bo [in] thy 25 kepynge yn turmentis in-to pe laste day of dispensacyoun, and Jeanne schal I delyuere hym of hise sorowis. For so]?e, panne he schal sitte on his ioyful trone, J?at be []xm], God, of

f. 84 6.

Adams

pe body

may se ]?i fadir, Lord God purposide

do wip hym, for he hap mercy on

Th[an]ne

at

fro

that }?ou

and pe ordynaunce pe which oure to

up

p'\

makynge,

for

|

ha]? cast

Michael bismos, ano]?ir

hym

so lowe."

" Brynge

last

}it

seyde

God a^eyn

to

me pre clo]?is of sendel and 30 and ley oon oner Adam, ano]?ir ouer Eue, and ouer her sone Abel." And alle pe ordris of :

to

aungels wenten bifore

pe

And

Adam, and

blessiden pe sleep! of

eende of hys deeth.

21.

VLS. faded.

25.

MS. faded.

MS. faded. MS. adds of \>c

23.

33.

24.

MS. faded.

sleep, crossed through.

— XIII.

LIFE OF

ADAM AND EVE

now here where and how Adam was who weren at hys bir[i]yng.

Se

And

§

body

Abel

in Paradys.

and

biryed,

Adam

archaungels biryeden pe body of

of his sone

97

on pe

Seeth and [hi]s

§

modir sayen pat the aungels dide, and they merveyliden

"As ^ee Thanne seyden the aungels to hem ban seen these bodyes biryed, yn the same maner biriep 30iire dede bodyes aftirward." § Thanne sixe dayes

greetly.

F. 85.

:

|

aftir that

deed,

now how Ene spak

See

10

Adam was

tEue knew

to alle hir childr[en].

comynge towardis hir faste. sones and dou$tris, and seyde " Heerip me, my sones & dou^tris, what I schal telle to 3011. Aftir the tyme that ^oure fadir and I 15 hadden passid Goddis comaundementis, Mychael the that deeth was

Sche gaderyde to-gydere

alle liir

:

us: 'For ^oure synne

archaungel seyde ]?u[s] to

kynde,

wole

d[istrie]

her

and yn these tweyne

;

30111'e

firste

alle

Eve

tells

her children of the two

judgments to come.

God

by watir, aftirward by man[n]ys kynde ben

[ponyschid] of God.'"

now here how Eue

20 See]?

make

techith Seeth to

tablis

of stoon. §

" Therfore heere pou,

tweyne

tablys, of stoon

wryte there-ynne pe 25

J?ingis that }ee

God

lijf

and

my of

sone

Seeth

make pou

:

schynynge cley

kynde by

erthe,

and

Eve orders Sethto write the story of

of us.

For whanne

Adam and heron tables of stone and

watir,

the tablys of

and

of me,

erthe wolen loose, and the tablis of stoon wolen dwelle

whanne God wole iuge mankynde by

forsope,

F. 85 b.

and tho

of jonre fadir

ban herd and seen

schal iuge al oure

|

her,

clay.

•

thanne

wole [the tablis of stoon loose, and] the tablis of erthe

30 endure." children,

vpward God.

§

And whanne Eue hadde

sche

spredde

to heuene,

And

seid

hir hondis a-brood

this

to

hir

and lokide

knelynge on the erthe, and preiede

to

while sche preyede, hir spiryt passide, and

Death of Eve.

4.

11. 17.

MS. faded. MS. see now how Eue. US. faded.

WHEATLEY

MB.

16.

MS. childfe. MS. faded.

18.

MS.

10.

faded. II

:

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

98

]?aune alle

liir

moornynge

children wepten bittirly, and so with greet

biryeden

liir.

And

§

while

maden

J?ei

sorowe for her modir [f]oure dayes lastynge, Mychael F.8G.

the

St. Michael tells Seth to

Se

God

archaungel of

|

appeeride to

hem &

seyde

now here how Michael the archaungel techi]? Seth how he schulde moorne and how longe.

mourn but

5

six days.

"Man

§

of

of thy fadir

God, make )?ou noon sorowe for the deeth

and

modir no lengir than sixe dayes,

of thi

ne for noon pat dyen in the seuenepe

day he took

now how

Seep

Seth makes

day ys tooken

for the seuene]?e

;

come

of onre vprysynge and reste to

of this world,

reste of alle

and 10

hyse werkys."

Seeth maki]? pe two tablis bifore

the tables.

comaundid Thanne

§

to

made tweyne

Seetli

and wroot there-ynne the

erthe,

hym. tablys of stoon and of lijf

hys fadir and of 15

of

hys modir; and whanne tho weren maad,

yn F. 86

b.

his fadris oratorye,

to

God

ynne.

§

And

flood tho tablis weren founden and seen of

but They

aie

found by Solomon.

weren not

J?ei

§ angel interprets

them him.

to

red.

aftir

Noe

manye

oon,

Aftirward by longe processe of 20

§

my^te vndirstonde the wrytynge of tho

Thanne appeeride

" 1

am pe

;

I

sey to

weren

is

haldynge

it

in his ri^t hond.

wry ten manye wondirful

thee,

Salamon, thow schalt

is

in

God,

to preye

|

therfore

it

there a dwellynge place to God."

Salamon clepide these that

:

wry ten in these tablis. And pe place where Adain and Eue 30

scripture J?at

tablis

make

wij? an irun,

and

weren wonyd to

the aungel of God, seyinge

these two tablis weren

knowe pe J?ese

hym

to

tablis.

aungel that helde the hond of Seth whanne 25

he wroot this

And yn

profecyes

F. 87.

hem

tyme cam Salamon the wiys kyng, and say these tablis and the wrytynge J?ere-ynne, and he preyede to God that he

An

leyde

where hys fadir was wont or vsyd

worschipen almyjty

|

lie

lettris

on

bihouej? thee §

of the ri3t

holdynge

it.

§

hond

wry ten

of Seeth, the aungel of

Thanne made Salamon an hous 3.

J?anne

)?ese tablis Achiliacos,

to seye, wi]?-outen techyng of lyppis

pe fyngir

And

MS. faded.

in

wi)?

God 35 the

XII F. LIFE

name

God, men

of

OP ADAM AND EVE

preyen ynne; and in

to

tlio

tablis

of

Adam

was founden wry ten pat put was profecyed seuene sythis.

And Enuok

" Lo," he seyde, "oure

kny^thood alle

to

Lord

make iuggement

Noe

also profecyede of

and of pe comynge of oure Lord Ihesu

flood,

5

§

99

come men, and

Crist.

The Enoch.

hys holy

sclial

in

of

to dis[c]ryen

men of her werkis, and of alle the hem with synners. Wickide men and

the wickide

spekyngis of

gruch|chers, thei

10 coueitynge

;

seken

for

thei entriden

speke

to

aftir

owne

her

and spaken proudly."

f. 87

6.

This

§

Adam.f In the day in which God made man of noi^t, to the ymage and the liknesse of God lie made hem, male and female he made is

the book of pQ generacyoun of

hem

hem Adam

15 name of

maad and

and he blesside hem, and he

of nou^t,

of nou^t.

J?ritty,

liknes,

20 hundrid

tyme

in

Adam

and he gate

day

in the

which they weren

forsothe lyuede an hundrid ^eer a sone to the

ymage and

his

name of hym Seeth. § And the Adam hen maad aftir that he gate Seth ei^te

and

dayes of

§

in the

callide the

callide the

^eer,

and he gate sones and

which

Adam

doiv^tris;

and

al

lyuede ys maad nyne hundrid

the 3eer

1

and

J?ritty

weren

J?re

(Genesis v

and

Jnitti,

so alle hise children

And

to ).

alle

Adam

the sones of

and don^tris two and gritty

weren

]?re

score

and fyue.

;

and

Blessid

25 be oure Lord God.

AMEN. Thus eendith thys blessid tretys of oure Fadir Adam. 6.

MS.

distryen.

23. in crossed out after weron.

11.

MS.

repeats

Adam.

f. 88.

THE WHEATLEY MANUSCRIPT

100

XIV. [A

PRAYER AT THE ELEVATION.]

Here bigynnep a deuoute preyer and an excellent, that schulde distynctly ben seyd and with greet deuocyoun betwene pe Leuacioun of pe Blessid Sacrament and the thridde Agnus Dei.

HEyl,

Yirgyn, F.88

6.

Oost,

Word

Ihesu Crist,

Welle

Lomb

of

of pytee,

|

pe Fadir, Sone of pe

God, Heelpe

of this world, sacrid

Word and

Flesch boren of pe

Virgyn Modir, haue mercy

Kyng

of

of us.

§

5

Heil, Ihesu Crist,

of auragels, Ioye of seyntis, pe Si^t of pees, hool

Godheed, verry Man, Flour and Fruyt of pe Virgyn 10 Modir, haue mercy of us. § Heyl, Ihesu Crist, Schyner of

pe Fadir, Prince of

pees, $afee of heuene, Br[ee]d of

Vessel of clennesse, Child of the Virgyne Modir, haue mercy of us. § Heyl, Ihesu Crist, Li$t of heuen,

lijf,

Prijsof this World, oure hool Ioye, Breed of aungels, 15 Gladnesse of herte, Kyng and Spouse of pe Virgyne Modir, haue mercy of us.

§

Heyl, Ihesu Crist,

Weye

Meede, of swetnesse, Trist of soqthnesse, oure hy^este oure verry Loue, Welle of trewc loue, oure Pees, oure 20 Reste, and oure eendelees Lijf, boruH of the Virgyne Modir, haue mercy of

us.

AMEN. 12.

MS.

brid.

NOTES An Orison on the

I.

34.

" And the

43. [b]ent

52.

:

so all

"Myn harde hert till it he soft;" similarly the probahly the original reading; a later scribe did not under-

MS. Bodley 850 reads This

other two.

Passion.

wrought iron." the Oxford MSS.

nails of

is

:

stand the construction. 55-6.

MS. Bodley 850 "

reads

When

}>ou

The tyme

:

loked on J) modir fre hing vpon f) e rode-tre," 1

]>ou

This evidently represents the original version, the poem being

and omits 57-62.

These six

a meditation exclusively on the sufferings of our Lord. interfere with the division of the

poem

lines,

which

into 4-line stanzas, are consequently an

interpolation. 98.

The two lines following this in the MS (see footnote) are clearly a variant They are found in the Oxford MSS., the second line reading, " Be

on 99-100.

and the Meditations (see Preface, p. vii), 11. 1683-4, with the serwe to hure and foul to se." 129. thow: the Oxford MSS. read " I," but cp. John xiv. 23, et mansionem apud eum faciemus. this is strictly tautological, but is found in the Oxford MSS. 134. hym it

foule," etc.,

reading, " Be

it

:

Hymn

IT.

to the Blessed Virgin.

" Queen of Heaven and Empress of Hell

" is a common emprice of helle medieval title of the Blessed Virgin, especially frequent in Lydgate. The origin may perhaps be found in the epithet of lucifera applied to her by the Fathers ; cp. Cyril, Homiliae Diversae, xi. (Migne, vol. 77, p. 1034), Maria Deipara, Virgo 4.

:

mater, Lucifera

.

.

.

per

quam

prodiit lux vera;

Ephraim

Syrius,

De

D.G. V.M. Laudibus (ed. Asseman, vol. iii.. p. 535), lucifera virgo. Minor Poems (ed. MacCracken, E.E.T.S., E.S. CVIL, p. 323):

"O

Sanetissiniac

Cp Lydgate,

qweene of pe heghe heven blessed lady clerkes calle J>emperyse of helle." !

Whome

This error presumably arose when the 3s. pr.ind. 12. haue[s], MS. haueth. endings were altered from -es to -eth by an East Midland scribe. Probably "hath," 9, " saith," 15, 19 below, are also to be so explained. MS. the. A scribe has apparently wrongly expanded the " \> " 54. [}e] Cp. " pyng " for " 3yng," 139. here and in 55, 56, 58. :

70.

wrye

:

probably the original form was "wreghe,

in the preceding line.

101

"

rhyming with " heghe

"

"

"

"

:

102

NOTES. Psalm

90.

xxxviii. 3.

91-2. Cp. Godric's Song

to the

Virgin

" Sainte Marie, Cristes bur, Maidenes clenhad, moderes

flur."

99. " But those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart and they dehle the man," Matt. xv. 18. "to amendes." 103. Unless the line is corrupt " amendes " ;

=

127. Matt.vii. 19.

157-62. Deut. xxii. 1-3.

The

169.

183. Cp.

265-8.

of the Five Joys.

first

Psalm

Mark

vii.

lyuTaunce

iustice of

287.

15, et peperit iniquitatem.

42-44; Luke xxi. 1-4.

xii.

a justice sent under commission of gaol delivery

:

to try prisoners awaiting the assizes.

297. 1

John

Antiquae,

II.,

17.

iii.

50; Mark iii. 35; Luke viii. 21. Cp. Wright, Reliquiae " Thou my suster and my moder, and thy sone ys my broder; " 227,

309-10. Matt.

xii.

Quia Amore Langueo, MS. Harl. 1706,

F. 10

b.

:

"Thy

syster ys a quene, thy

brother ys a kyng. 312. [inys]fare 314. child,

i.e.

is

the two words beginning with

:

not found in N.E.D.

make

myrthe schul mete, gaudebunt, Luke i. 14.

scribal confusion.

thic

well have been "sire," as the poet's inten-

Cp. note on 63.

shall experience joy.

i.e.

Alexander Fragment (E.E.T.S.

alliterative

wonne wysest

illegitimate

Baptist.

Et multi in nativitate

in wone, in the dwelling-place, an expletive, signifying

15.

1.),

598,

"in the world."

"Of any

wightes in

i-holde.

at: either the Northern form of "to," or a scribal error caused by the

24.

"at"

may

John

the lines alliterate in pairs.

-with

8.

Cp.

to St.

fader: the original word

tion was probably to

ejus

;

Hymn

III. 3.

my caused

The compound "luf-barne," an but cp. E.D.D.

as a base-born brother.

in the line above.

men were in stede, with which men were beset. Cp. Towneley Plays, stersman to theym that ar sted in stormes." 44. me[/*s]keful cp. Towneley riays, xxix. 388-9, A, marie so mylde Was newer madyn so menskfull here apon molde. 32.

pat

xix. 259, "

.

:

.

.

45. pat [maste] is: MS. jxit is fill. Cp. St. John the Evangelist, I., "Of 1. mankynde ]>at he made, )>at maste es of myghte," and II. 172 above "When thow conceyued God of myglites maste." :

49.

Cp. Cursor Mundi, 11062-4

"Maria

.

.

.

was

)>at lifted fra

The incident

:

hir-self pe first pe erth iohan."

wow man

found in Petrus Comestor's Historia Scholastica and in the

is

G&lden Legend. 53.

[vnj-borne

account 63.

:

the similarity between v and b in

for this error. ];ei

bo the

:

one would expect "

\>\

sire.

many MSS. would

help to

;

:

'

NOTES. pat bright

64.

Luke

81. Cp.

Hawes

89-90.

Luke

Cp.

Christ.

i.e.

:

63 (Purveyite version)

i.

.

.

rotes of

.

ryse

]>e

:

.

103

i.

17.

And he axynge .

.

a poyntil.

borion-and bere

sent different interpretations of the Vulgate locusta.

:

Hawes

all

these repre-

= oats,

though example cited in N.E.D. (see "Haw," 4) is of the year 1601. The common medieval form is haver, O.N. hafre. Pliny, in Book xxii., ch. 79 of the Natural History, remarks that the seeds of oats resemble small locusts in appearance, and " locusta " is a botanical term for the spiked inflorescence of the

first

Hence, just as the

grasses.

was called "locust " from its it was evidently thought That "locusta" was a root is stated in the

fruit of the carob tree

appearance, and taken to be the food of the Baptist, that he lived on oats and barley.

Ormulum,

3213, "Hiss mete wilde rotes," also in Trinity College Homilies,

1.

E.E.T.S., 53, p. 139, "Moren and wilde uni was his mete." Caxton, in the Golden Legend, F. clxxxviij., though he knows that locust was flesh of some sort, says,

" Somme saye that there ben rootes so callyd." Cursor Mundi agrees with our text, "And liued wit rotes and wit gress," 1. 11109. this restores the alliteration; "toke" was caught by the scribe [hente] :

from the line above. 104.

As

fel

on

twelft day,

J»e

Christ manifested Himself, as at the

i.e.

Epiphany. [pe tille] line,

:

these words have been transferred to the beginning of the next

and changed

105.

where

to pe

St.

:

to " vn-to be."

the .same mistake occurs in the Towneley Deliverance of Souls,

John the Baptist says

"The

holy gost from heuen discende

As a white dowfe downe on me than The fader voyce, oure myrthes to amende, Was made to me lyke as a man."

11,

69-72.

may have arisen from a misunderstanding of Mark i. 10. In the parallel York Play, 1. 70 has " hym." 131-4. This comes from the opening of the story of the Baptist in the Golden Dicitur enim Legend, ch. 86 "Johannes baptista multipliciter nominatur. propheta, amicus sponsi, lucerna, angelus, vox, Helias, baptista salvatoris," etc. 132. ]>at worthy wight, i.e. Christ. It

:

The Seven

IV. 1-8.

This prologue

"Here bigynneb

H ampolc R

heremy te.

substitutes for

Penitential, Psalms.

taken from D, where

is

prologe of

J)e

})e

it is

headed

'

1.

8

:

"By

frere

Richarde Maydenstoon,"

and adds the verse " In

Mary

ordre of be Carme,

dyuynite Sheo bar Jesu in wombe k barme, J>at moder is and mayden fre. f>at bachilere is in

;

To

pat childe pen in hir arme, "Whiche for vs henge on rode tre, pat he for wreche do vs no harme,

blym

to

queme

:

seuene salmys in englysche by Richard

bese valines saye we.

104

NOTES.

It is

not probable that these verses belonged to the original.

The words, "

to

make onre mone, " should be compared with the phrase, apparently peculiar to It is also improbable that the author this poem, "to make mones," 20, 109. should divide his name and description between two verses. The original poem probably had no prologue the first form of the prologue was that of D, a later innovator changed the last line and added another verse. LI. 1-8 are printed ;

here in order to

make

the numbering of the lines the same as that in Adler and

Kaluga's text.

Psalm

9.

vi.

;

against Anger.

W,

differ from all other MSS. here. Presumably the MS. from which they are derived had lost the opening verse. 20. to make mones so also Ad, H, Ad 2 L, D 2 Do. D, Ful greet mater of mournywg monys, so A, R, Ro. Cp. 109. N.E.D. does not record any M.E. use

11-16. K,

:

of

"mono

,

,

" in the plural.

Ad, R, A D, L, read " dyke "; D._, has "greet " Do, " But whanne my body y s badde & weke. " The word appears to be identical with " cratch " in K.E.D. and E.D.I)., a rack, hurdle or bier, but the derivation from Germanic *crippja is not easy to reconcile with the present form. Except 21.

cast in creke

so K,

:

;

;

for the wealthy, coffins were not commonly used for burials until about the seventeenth century, the body bring wrapped only in a winding-sheet (see J. E. In Brand's Popular Antiquities of Gr.at "Vaux, Church Folk Lore, 1902).

Britain, 1905, Vol.

250, there

I., p.

Breviary in the British Museum.

is

an illustration of such a burial from a

Brampton, however, has " whan

I

am lokyn

in leed," v. 47.

MSS. but K, which has "

llesch ynamed." Psalm xxxii., Vulgate xxxi. againsl Pride. 99. The MS. reading seems to have arisen from a confusion between "the gode lord " of A, H, Ad 2 and " oure lord god " of R, Ro. 104. The original reading may be D 2 "to wro]>