The Statesman's Yearbook: 1991–1992 [128th ed. First publ. 1864, Reprint 2021] 9783112420607, 9783112420591

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THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK 1991-92

Man hat behauptet, die Welt werde durch Zahlen regiert: das aber weiss ich, dass die Zahlen uns belehren, ob sie gut oder schlecht regiert werde. GOETHE Editors Frederick Martin Sir John Scott-Keltie Mortimer Epstein S. H. Steinberg John Paxton Brian Hunter

1864-1883 1883-1926 1911/27-1946 1946-1969 1963/69-1990 1990-

THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK S T A T I S T I C A L AND H I S T O R I C A L A N N U A L OF THE STATES OF THE W O R L D FOR THE YEAR

1991-1992 EDITED BY

BRIAN HUNTER

W DE

G_ WALTER DE GRUYTER

© The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1991 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-34 Alfred Place, London WC1E 7DP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

Published annually since 1864 128th edition first published 1991 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke and W A L T E R DE G R U Y T E R & CO. Berlin Typeset in Great Britain by A. J. LATHAM LIMITED Dunstable, Bedfordshire Printed in Great Britain by Richard Clay (The Chaucer Press) Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk

ISBN 3 - 1 1 - 0 1 2 9 8 0 - 9

PREFACE The year that has elapsed since THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK'S last account of the states of the world has again been marked by momentous events. The countries of the former communist bloc have continued to transform themselves in their various ways. East and West Germany have been re-unified, and the Warsaw Pact demilitarized. The Cold War's automatic confrontations are no longer a factor in global politics, and the world has seen how successful an international policing action can be when the United States and the Soviet Union acted in concert at the United Nations to compel Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait. In different parts of the world several eras have ended. South Africa has abandoned apartheid; a number of single-party African states have held or announced democratic elections; and Britain has seen the departure from office of one of the few prime ministers to bestow an epithet upon the English language. The editor would like to express his thanks to the correspondents and colleagues who contributed to this edition, and particularly to his predecessor, John Paxton, for the care and patience with which he handed on the task he loved so well. Dr Paxton has thoroughly revised THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK WORLD GAZETTEER for its fourth edition, and this is now available for those who want more details about towns and regions. T H E STATESMAN'S Y E A R - B O O K OFFICE, T H E MACMILLAN PRESS LTD, LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, W C 2 R 3 L F

B.H.

WEIGHTS

AND

MEASURES

On 1 Jan. 1960 following an agreement between the standards laboratories of Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the USA, an international yard and an international pound (avoirdupois) came into existence. 1 yard = 91-44 centimetres; 1 lb. = 453-59237 grammes. The abbreviation'm' signifies 'million(s)' and tonnes implies metric tons.

LENGTH

DRY MEASURE

Centimetre Metre Kilometre

0-394 inch 1 -094 yards 0-621 mile

Litre Hectolitre

0-91 quart 2-75 bushels

W E I G H T - -AVOIRDUPOIS LIQUID M E A S U R E

1 -75 pints 22 gallons

Litre Hectolitre

Gramme Kilogramme Quintal ( = 100 kg) Tonne(= 1,000 kg)

15-42 grains 2-205 pounds 220-46 pounds I 0-984 long ton T 1-102 short tons

SURFACE M E A S U R E WEIGHT—TROY

Square metre Hectare Square kilometre

10-76 sq. feet 2-47 acres 0-386 sq. mile

BRITISH

Gramme Kilogramme

WEIGHTS

AND

LENGTH

1 foot 1 yard 1 mile (= 1,760 yds)

15-43 grains I 32-15 ounces ( 2-68 pounds

MEASURES WEIGHT

0-305 metre 0-914 metre

1 ounce(= 437-2 grains) 28-350 grammes 1 lb. (= 7,000 grains) 453-6 grammes 1 cwt. (= 112 50-802 kilolb.) grammes 1 long ton (= 2,240 lb.) 1-016 tonnes 1 short ton (= 2,000 lb.) 0-907 tonne

1-609 kilometres

SURFACE M E A S U R E LIQUID M E A S U R E

1 1 1 1

sq. foot sq. yard acre sq. mile

9-290 0-836 0-405 2-590

sq. decimetres sq. metre hectare sq. kilometres

1 pint 1 gallon 1 quarter vi

0-568 litre 4-546 litres 2-909 hectolitres

WEIGHTS

AND

MEASURES

On 1 Jan. 1960 following an agreement between the standards laboratories of Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the USA, an international yard and an international pound (avoirdupois) came into existence. 1 yard = 91-44 centimetres; 1 lb. = 453-59237 grammes. The abbreviation'm' signifies 'million(s)' and tonnes implies metric tons.

LENGTH

DRY MEASURE

Centimetre Metre Kilometre

0-394 inch 1 -094 yards 0-621 mile

Litre Hectolitre

0-91 quart 2-75 bushels

W E I G H T - -AVOIRDUPOIS LIQUID M E A S U R E

1 -75 pints 22 gallons

Litre Hectolitre

Gramme Kilogramme Quintal ( = 100 kg) Tonne(= 1,000 kg)

15-42 grains 2-205 pounds 220-46 pounds I 0-984 long ton T 1-102 short tons

SURFACE M E A S U R E WEIGHT—TROY

Square metre Hectare Square kilometre

10-76 sq. feet 2-47 acres 0-386 sq. mile

BRITISH

Gramme Kilogramme

WEIGHTS

AND

LENGTH

1 foot 1 yard 1 mile (= 1,760 yds)

15-43 grains I 32-15 ounces ( 2-68 pounds

MEASURES WEIGHT

0-305 metre 0-914 metre

1 ounce(= 437-2 grains) 28-350 grammes 1 lb. (= 7,000 grains) 453-6 grammes 1 cwt. (= 112 50-802 kilolb.) grammes 1 long ton (= 2,240 lb.) 1-016 tonnes 1 short ton (= 2,000 lb.) 0-907 tonne

1-609 kilometres

SURFACE M E A S U R E LIQUID M E A S U R E

1 1 1 1

sq. foot sq. yard acre sq. mile

9-290 0-836 0-405 2-590

sq. decimetres sq. metre hectare sq. kilometres

1 pint 1 gallon 1 quarter vi

0-568 litre 4-546 litres 2-909 hectolitres

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations of the names of organizations also appear in the index. The three-letter groups in parentheses after the names of currencies are the codes of the International Standardization Organization (ISO). ACP

African Caribbean Pacific

bbls.

barrels

CFA CFP c.i.f. C.-in-C. cu. CUP

Communauté Financière Africaine Communauté Financière Pacifique cost, insurance, freight Commander-in-Chief cubic Cambridge University Press

DWT

dead weight tonnes

ECOWAS EEZ ERM

Economic Community of West African States Exclusive Economic Zone Exchange Rate Mechanism

f.o.b.

free on board

GDP GNP GRT

gross domestic product gross national product gross registered tonnes

ha

hectare(s)

ind

independent(s)

kg kl km kwh

kilogramme(s) kilolitre(s) kilometre(s) kilowatt hours

m. mw

million megawatt

NRT

net registered tonnes

OUP oz.

Oxford University Press ounce(s)

SADCC SDR sq.

South African Development Co-ordination Council Special Drawing Rights square

TAFE

technical and further education

Univ.

University

vfd

value for duty

VII

X

CONTENTS

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS O r g a n i s a t i o n f o r E c o n o m i c C o - o p e r a t i o n and D e v e l o p m e n t ( O E C D )

35

North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( N A T O )

37

Western European Union ( W E U )

39

Council o f Europe

40

European Communities

42

European Free T r a d e Association ( E F T A )

47

C o n f e r e n c e on Security and C o - o p e r a t i o n in E u r o p e ( C S C E )

48

T h e W a r s a w Pact

49

O r g a n i z a t i o n f o r International E c o n o m i c C o - o p e r a t i o n ( O I E C )

50

E u r o p e a n B a n k f o r R e c o n s t r u c t i o n and D e v e l o p m e n t ( E B R D )

50

COLOMBO PLAN ASSOCIATION

51

OF SOUTH EAST A S I A N

ORGANIZATION

OF A M E R I C A N

LATIN AMERICAN CARIBBEAN

NATIONS (ASEAN)

52

STATES (OAS)

53

ECONOMIC GROUPINGS

COMMUNITY

54

(CARICOM)

55

SOUTH P A C I F I C F O R U M

57

L E A G U E OF A R A B S T A T E S

57

ORGANIZATION

OF THE P E T R O L E U M

ORGANIZATION

OF A F R I C A N

UNITY

EXPORTING

COUNTRIES (OPEC)

(OAU)

58 59

DANUBE COMMISSION

59

ANTARCTIC TREATY

60

Partii:

Countries of the World A-Z

AFGHANISTAN

63

BELGIUM

193

ALBANIA

68

BELIZE

203

ALGERIA

74

BENIN

207

ANDORRA

80

BERMUDA

211

ANGOLA

82

BHUTAN

214

ANGUILLA

86

BOLIVIA

218

ANTIGUA

88

BOTSWANA

224

91

BRAZIL

229

AND

BARBUDA

ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA

98

Territories A u s t r a l i a n Capital T e r r i t o r y

120

Northern Territory

121

A u s t r a l i a n External T e r r i t o r i e s

125

Western Australia AUSTRIA BAHAMAS BAHRAIN

ANTARCTIC 238

TERRITORY BRITISH INDIAN

OCEAN

TERRITORY

243

129

BURKINA

137

BURMA

142

BURUNDI

147

CAMBODIA

152

CAMEROON

159 167 173 178

BANGLADESH

183

BARBADOS

189

238 239

BRUNEI BULGARIA

States N e w South W a l e s Queensland South A u s t r a l i a Tasmania Victoria

BRITISH

FASO

CANADA

250 254 259

262 266 271

Provinces

296

Alberta

297 301 305 308

British C o l u m b i a Manitoba N e w Brunswick

CONTENTS

Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan

311 315 319 322 324 327

Territories Northwest Territories Yukon Territory

329 332 336

CAYMAN ISLANDS

339

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

341

CHAD

345

CHILE

348

CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF

354

TAIWAN

366

COLOMBIA

372

COMOROS

378

CONGO

381

C O S T A RICA

385

CÔTE D ' I V O I R E

390

CUBA

394

CYPRUS

400

CZECHOSLOVAKIA DENMARK

405 407 415

Faroe Islands Greenland

GABON GAMBIA

CAPE VERDE

'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus'

Overseas territories Antarctic territories New Caledonia French Polynesia Wallis and Futuna

425 427

GERMANY

Länder Baden-Württemberg Bavaria Berlin Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg Hessen Lower Saxony Mecklenburg-West Pomerania North Rhine-Westphalia Rhineland-Palatinate Saarland Saxony Saxony-Anhalt Schleswig-Holstein Thuringia

510 511 514 516 518 522 526

GHANA

542 543 545 547 547 548 550 551 552 553 554 556 557 558 558 559 561

GIBRALTAR

566

GREECE

569

GRENADA

577

GUATEMALA

580

GUINEA

585

430

GUINEA-BISSAU

588

DOMINICA

433

GUYANA

591

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

435

HAITI

596

ECUADOR

440

HONDURAS

601

EGYPT

446

HONG

605

EL S A L V A D O R

453

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

458

ETHIOPIA

461

FALKLAND ISLANDS

466

DJIBOUTI

FIJI

469

FINLAND

473

FRANCE

Overseas

483

Departments

Guadeloupe Guiana Martinique Réunion Territorial Collectivities Mayotte St Pierre and Miquelon

499 501 503 505 507 508

KONG

HUNGARY

612

ICELAND

620

INDIA

628

States and Territories Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Goa Gujarat Hary ana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh

649 650 652 653 655 656 657 659 661 662 664 666 668

xii

CONTENTS

Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh West Bengal

670

MALTA

851

672

MAURITANIA

857

675

MAURITIUS

860

676

MEXICO

864

677

MONACO

871

GGJ

MONGOLIA

874

682

MONTSERRAT

879

685

MOROCCO

881

™ OOO

MOZAMBIQUE

887

690

NAMIBIA

891

NAURU

896

6 7 4

0

,

n

6 7 9

Territories Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Delhi Lakshadweep Pondicherry INDONESIA IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISRAEL

692

NEPAL

898

693

NETHERLANDS

901

693 694 695 695

ARUBA NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW

913 915 0 1 0

ZEALAND

918

696

C O O K ISLANDS

931

GGG

NIUE

933

70G

NICARAGUA

935

7J2

NIGER

940

7]G

NIGERIA

943

733

NORWAY

949

ITALY

742

JAMAICA

754

OMAN

965

JAPAN

759

PAKISTAN

970

JORDAN

768

PANAMA

KENYA

773

PAPUA

KIRIBATI KOREA,

REPUBLIC

OF

North Korea

DEPENDENCIES

962

980

NEW

GUINEA

986

778

PARAGUAY

781

PERU

992

786

PHILIPPINES

1004 1010

998

KUWAIT

79]

PITCAIRN

LAOS

796

POLAND

1011

LEBANON

GOO

PORTUGAL

1020

LESOTHO

GQ2

LIBERIA

GOG

QATAR

1029

LIBYA

G|2

ROMANIA

1033

LIECHTENSTEIN

GJ7

RWANDA

LUXEMBOURG

G20

S T

CHRISTOPHER

MADAGASCAR

G24

NEVIS

1044

MALAWI

G2G

ST

HELENA

1047

MALAYSIA

G32

ST

LUCIA

1049

G3G

ST

VINCENT

1052

840

SAN

MARINO

1055

843

SÂO

TOMÉ

1057

846

SAUDI

848

SENEGAL

Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak MALDIVES MALI

ISLAND

MACAO

ARABIA

1027

1041 (KITTS)

-

1059 1065

CONTENTS

xiii

SEYCHELLES

1069

UNITED

ARAB

SIERRA

1072

UNITED

KINGDOM

LEONE

1077 1084

SINGAPORE SOLOMON

ISLANDS

SOMALIA SOUTH

1088

AFRICA

1091

Cape of Good Hope Natal Transvaal Orange Free State

1103 1104 1105 1107 llfl0

Bophuthatswana Transkei Venda Ciskei SOUTH

GEORGIA

SOUTH SPAIN

AND

SANDWICH

" 1114

THE ISLANDS

Western Sahara SRI

LANKA

SUDAN

1116 1117 1129 1130 •n a

SURINAME

1143

SWAZILAND

1147 1151 1157 .._„

SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIA

11 / s

TANZANIA

1183 1188 1194 119g

THAILAND TOGO TONGA TRINIDAD

AND

TOBAGO

1201

TUVALU

1205 1210 1218 1220

UGANDA

1222

TUNISIA TURKEY TURKS

AND CAICOS

ISLANDS

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

Russia Ukraine Belorussia Azerbaijan Georgia Armenia Moldavia Estonia Latvia Lithuania Soviet Central Asia Kazakhstan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Tajikistan Kirghizia

1226 1253 1263 1265 1267 1269 1272 1274 1275 1277 1279 1281 1282 1284 1285 1288 1290

EMIRATES

Great Britain Northern Ireland Isle of Man Channel Islands UNITED STATES

OF AMERICA

States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey N e w Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

1292 1297

1297 1357 1366 1368 1373

1425 1426 1428 1431 1433 1435 1439 1441 1444 1446 1447 1450 1452 1454 1456 1459 1462 1464 1466 1469 1471 1474 1476 1479 1482 1484 1487 1489 1492 1494 1497 1499 1501 1504 1507 1510 1512 1515 1518 1521 1524 1526 1528 1530 1533 1535 1537 1539 1542 1544 1547 1550

xiv

CONTENTS

Outlying Territories Guam Republic of Palau Marshall Islands Micronesia Northern Marianas Samoa Other Pacific Territories Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

1553 1553 1555 1556 1556 1556 1557 1559 1559 1562

VIRGIN ISLANDS, WESTERN

BRITISH

1589 1591 1594

SAMOA

YEMEN

1573

ZAÏRE

1598 1606 1607 1607 1608 1609 1610 1610 1611 1612

VENEZUELA

1576

ZAMBIA

1617

VIETNAM

1583

ZIMBABWE

1621

URUGUAY

1565

VANUATU

1570

V A T I C A N CITY

STATE

YUGOSLAVIA

Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Macedonia Montenegro Serbia Kosovo Vojvodina Slovenia

PLACE AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS P R O D U C T INDEX PERSON INDEX

1665 1677

A D D E N D A XXXiv

INDEX

1629

XV

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