The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic 9783110828054, 9789027924322

214 28 4MB

English Pages 111 [112] Year 1973

Table of contents :
INTRODUCTION
1. THE ORIGIN OF THE GOTHIC ALPHABET
1.0 Methodological remarks
1.01 The Alphabet
1.02 Alphabets from which borrowing was possible
1.03 The value of a study of the alphabet for determining pronunciation
1.1 The origin of the single signs
1.11 Signs certainly borrowed from the Greek
1.12 q
1.13 h
1.14 þ
1.15 j
1.16 u
1.17 r
1.18 f
1.19 o
1.20 Excursus on the sign hu
2. LOAN WORDS AND TRANSCRIPTIONS OF PROPER NAMES
2.0 Methodological remarks
2.1 Transcription of Biblical names
2.10 Methodological remarks
2.11 The essential correspondences
2.2 The pronunciation of 4th century Greek
2.20 Methodological remarks
2.21 Discussion of the single signs
2.2 A. The pronunciation of certain Latin signs in the 4th century
2.2 B. The pronunciation of certain runic signs
2.3 Preliminary conclusions based on the alphabet and the loans
2.31 Pronunciation of the vowel signs
2.32 Pronunciation of the consonant signs
3. INTERNAL EVIDENCE I: ORTHOGRAPHICAL DEVIANTS
3.0 Methodological remarks
3.01 The scribes
3.02 Are all errors errors of the scribes?
3.03 What do scribal errors tell us about Wulfila’s pronunciation?
3.04 Do all scribal errors afford us evidence of pronunciation?
3.05 What are scribal errors?
3.1 The errors and their interpretation
3.10 Types of errors
3.11 Mechanical errors
3.12 Errors which may indicate pronunciation
3.13 Errors indicating pronunciation
3.14 Isolated errors of various types
3.2 Syllabification
3.21 Diphthong vs. monophthong
3.22 hu
3.23 ggw
3.3 Conclusions
4. INTERNAL EVIDENCE II: SYSTEM-DERIVED EVIDENCE
4.1 Evidence derived from the configuration of the system
4.10 Methodological remarks
4.11 Patterning
4.12 Phonemic opposition
4.13 Method of contrastive pairs
4.2 Regular alternations within the system
4.20 Methodological remarks
4.21 The evidence and discussion of the evidence
4.3 Conclusions
4.31 Pronunciation of the vowels (tentative conclusions)
4.32 Pronunciation of the consonants (tentative conclusions)
4.33 General conclusions
5. COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
5.1 The value of comparative evidence in determining Wulfila’s pronunciation
5.10 Methodological remarks
5.11 Discussion of each individual sign
5.2 ai and au in inflectional endings
5.3 The value of our discussion of the pronunciation of Wulfila’s Gothic for comparative study
CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
POSTSCRIPT, 1972
ADDENDA & CORRIGENDA

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The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic
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Citation preview

THE SOUNDS AND PHONEMES OF WULFILA'S GOTHIC

JANUA LINGUARUM STUDIA MEMORIAE NICOLAI VAN WIJK DEDICATA

edenda curat

C. H. VAN S C H O O N E V E L D INDIANA UNIVERSITY

SERIES PRACTICA 25

1973

MOUTON THE H A G U E · PARIS

THE S O U N D S A N D PHONEMES OF WULFILA'S GOTHIC by

JAMES W. M A R C H A N D UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

Sunt bona, sunt quaedam mediocria, sunt mala plura, quae legis hie: aliter non fit, Avite, liber.

1973

MOUTON THE H A G U E · PARIS

© Copyright 1973 in The Netherlands. Mouton & Co. N.V., Publishers, The Hague. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers. This work was supported by a grant of the 'Universitäre Stichting' of Belgium.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 72-87431

Printed in The Netherlands

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

11

1. THE ORIGIN O F THE GOTHIC ALPHABET 1.0 Methodological remarks 1.01 The Alphabet 1.02 Alphabets from which borrowing was possible 1.03 The value of a study of the alphabet for determining pronunciation 1.1 The origin of the single signs 1.11 Signs certainly borrowed from the Greek 1.12 q 1.13 A 1.14 p 1.15 j 1.16 u 1.17 r

13 13 14 16 17 18 18 18

19 19 20 21

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1.18 /

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1.19 ο 1.20 Excursus on the sign hu

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2. LOAN WORDS AND TRANSCRIPTIONS O F PROPER NAMES . . 2.0 Methodological remarks 2.1 Transcription of Biblical names 2.10 Methodological remarks 2.11 The essential correspondences 2.11.1 The consonants 2.11.2 The vowels 2.2 The pronunciation of 4th century Greek 2.20 Methodological remarks 2.21 Discussion of the single signs 2.2 A. The pronunciation of certain Latin signs in the 4th century . . . . 2.2 B. The pronunciation of certain runic signs 2.3 Preliminary conclusions based on the alphabet and the loans

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.31 Pronunciation of the vowel signs 2.31.a a 2.31.b ai 2.31.C