The Primitives of the Greek Tongue, in five languages; viz. Greek, Latin, English, Italian and French; in verse. [Fourth edition]

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C^dn JoijL

Jcnku^r.

/d^r.

e^^^

,

.

T

THE

PRIMITIVES OF THE

GREEK TONGUE, IN FIVE LANGUAGES VIZ

:

GREEK, LATIN, ENGLISH? ITALIAN AND FRENCH? ^

INVERSE.

FOURTH EDITION.

MUCH liMPROVED AND CORRECTED WITH THE ADDITION OP AN INDEX OF THE ENGLISH WORDS. Delectando.

.

,

pariterque monendo.

BY

JEAN ALPHONSE ROULLIER, Professor of Languages.

AUTHOR OF ASTYANAX, HYPPOMEDONY, &C.

^noon: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND PUBLISHED BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, HURST, REES, eRME & BROWN; r. BOOSBY & SONS ; AND vSiMPKIN & MARSHALL.

1825.

Print fd at

tfir

Cambenvell Prets by

J.

B» G.

VOGEL,

1,

St.

George

$

Place.

;

TO

THE REVEREND J.

WERNINCK, F. R. S.

CHAPLAIN TO H.

B.

SIR,

Allow not only as a

works

thought

this

AMST. AND MIDDELB.

THE AMBASSADOR OF THE NETHERLANDS, AND MINISTER OF THE DUTCH CHURCH IN LONDON.

REVEREND

veral

in

me

man

to offer

of a family,

my

sincere thanks to

more than

one

language,

humble attempt worth your

also as a

who

you

of literature, and the Author of

cepted the dedication of

But

D. D.

who

notice,

se-

has

and ac-

it

man of

feeling,

and the father

seeing an old soldier in the

republic

DEDICATION of

letters disabled

and forsaken,

wishes to

him

refit

a-

gain.

me

Permit

express a sense of

to

my

true

and

sincere acknowledgement for both, and at the same time to evince ray gratitude in

by the

best

means

in

my

power.

praying for the continuance of those blessings you

enjoy in the

bosom of your

I

family.

A% Reverend

Your most

Sir,

obliged and obedient Servant,

J.A.ROULLIER,

CAMBERWULLt \ith February

,

1825.

:

PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.

being acknowledged that the study of Radical Words, or Primitives, is the true and best method to learn It

a language, shall only

I

need not apologize

for this publication

;

I

mention that neither trouble nor expense has

been spared to render this new edition acceptable to the It is printed in a larger type than before. public. The faults that

had escaped notice

in the

former editions have

been carefully corrected in the present.

There has been also added an Index of the English words by which it in some degree answers the purpose of a Dictionary of the radical words of the five languages

Index the word august

the

88— 21

;

for instance in

directs the

student

to this line TTorvtoc, 'venerandus, august,

now

venerdndo, venerable

I proceed to the explanation of the Plan.

The

line is

an hexameter

verse, so far

words would allow, the Latin coming next, its

as the

Greek

still preserves quantity; then the English and the Italian, which have

:

:

PREFACE. also their accent,

and chiefly the

whose accent

Italian,

a great improvement, and yet so seldom acquired by the French last,

reigners;

which forms the sixth

or the spondee, the whole answering to a verse of the

or

same measure

Arm^

:

:

is

fo-

foot,

Greek or Latin

as

vi|rum que ca|no Tro|jaB qui{prTmus ab|oris.

Thus must be read the following

lines

vehe\mensy san|guine, dr\dentt, v6|hement.

AtjItoq,

ApuTrreJ, \dildm\dre, toltear, strdcd\dre^ d5|chirer.

When the

Greek word has two different meanings, avoid confusion, I have joined them with a brace, thus C respiro, to breathe, respirdre, r^spirer. p -^ -^-^ to calm, cdlmdre^ cSlme, appaise. 1^

- -

.

Xa>^a(u,

Sometimes line

;

to

I

have

lell

out the Greek word in the second

as,

^6

rKomolo), dor\mire, tolsleep, dor\mirey s'en|dormir. 3 4 3 2 I |to cause|to sleep, addormen\tdre, feit|dormir. sopio, \ 6 4 5 3

12

As

I

have been very particular in marking the Italian

accent, the admirers of that language will find in

work not only a

translation of the

words,

this

but also the

correct pronunciation, by laying the stress upon the ac-

cented syllable

:

as,

for instance,

;

:

PREFACE. la nebbia, la

cafigine,

nue

noirccm

;

;

wiplo\rarC) prle, implore;

felicit a,

joie

;

Divinitd, Dieu nebbia, accented

upon the

well as the latin

word cdrmtna, and

first

syllable,

is

a dactyl, as

caligine

?iX\A

felict\td

like arundtne ; and the French having no regular accent

man-

the impossibility of scanning a French line, in the

ner of the ancient^*,

is

acknowledged by the best

therefore 1 have reserved

it

for the last foot,

writers,

which may

be an iambic as well as a spondee, even in a Latin verse as,

navigliOf navire. sieio,

rameau,

tige.

Hscioy piano, plat, uni.

Another

difficulty,

was the frequent

Greek words of the same meaning, thus Ettoj,

repetition

of

:

dicere^ to speak or say, favelldre, parler, dire.

AaXew, garrio, to speak or chat, ciarldre, bavarder. \iyto, dico, to say or enjoin, dire, dit, enjoint.

,to brighten, to adorn. 16 (oD, 0) ayvsio, puritj'.

8

'»u»x»^£?,

ulna, the length of

thearm, an armfull. 9 ayxiOT^ow, to hang upon a hook. the top of a mountain. Also 10 11 (»J?» 'j) also the bending of the arm; ayxvXtov, a difli-

one's heels.

17 Alo what

18

As

is

sold.

in Latin, sacred

crable.

and

ei(e-

PRIMITI VES. 1

2

"Aypa, captura, a prey, preda, rapina^ 'Aypocj ager,rus, field or

3 'Ayuta,

line proie.

meadoWj camp OyChamp ou

vicus, a street, vicinia, strdda,

pre.

une rue.

4 "AyvpiQ, ccetus, crowd or meeting, folia, foule ensemble* 5 "Ayx^*^? suffocare, to choke, strangoldre, s'etrangler. /^ ^ ^ ducercy to lead, condur, mener et con d aire. .

Lfrangere, to break, spezzdr, briser, provoquer.

7 *A7wy^ certamen,

fight,

combattimentOy jeux, combat.

8 *A8fX^oc, frater, brother, like, frat^llOf frere, ^gal. 9 'AScw, placeoy to please, piacere, veut complaire, 10 'A5t?juov£w, angor, 11 "A^»jv

& aSSrjv,

1 fret, stizzo.

5af,

je suis

triste.

ahundcy enough, bdsta^ 9a

suffit.

12 'ASivoc, confertus, thick-set, sp^sso, serre, dru. 13 'A^poc^ cra55w^,«thick,powerful^ich,ncco,puissant,riche. 14 "ASctv, satiarcy to

fill,

sazidre, rassasier.

15 "AcS^Ximcj certamen, fight, battdglia, combat. 16 *Ae/, semper et, always, s^mpre, toujours, a jamais. 17 *ActSwj cantare, to sing, cantdre, chante en vers,

18

*A€ipw, erigere, raise, avanzdrcy leve, 61eve.

19 "AcXXa, turbo, procella, a storm, tempest a, la temp^te.

20

'Ae^cd, augere, to

grow, accresceret

s*accroitre.

DERIVATIAES. 1

(a?,

»))oty^6Ufl»,

hunt or

£«

and

,

(tw,

'ArjBcjv, 'Ar?p,

dry, inaridire, fait s^cher.

veneror, to revere, reverire, r^verer.

nightingale, rossignuolo, rossignol.

aer, the air or mist, Jiebbia, brouillard.

6 "AtiTog, "cehemens, sanguine, ard^nte, vehement.

7 8 9

''A^Eiprig,

contemptus, mean, sprezzdto, m^prise.

*A^iXy

6 Also murder, consanguinityt 7 (», ov) ai>yA»o?, the same; ai/AwXia, humour, flattery.

8

Qv) me^a;/)/^. (subtle,

(j^,

(», o) also a proverb, panegyric; ctUiu, to praise.

10(a7r«»vu^«»)totake, to carry.

(f.

o-^y,

p. ;ta)

atovTK,

wa-

tering.

14

(io?,

15

(f.

6)

ijo-o;)

itTro?,

ao?,

height.

«»^£})

uXa^oviict,

boasting.

11 («XaX»?Tor) toe balwing of soldiers; (xAaAa^a;, to liollow.

vagabond. iJo?,

r) blind

;

a-

to blind.

14 (aXyiw) to feel pain. 15 (f o-ft?, p. xa.) 17 (f.|«,p.;^a)aAiy»{t>5,

sickle.

to blunt, to retard.

p.xa)to extract; a/xoAthe time of milking.

(f. nXAao/>taf,

a passage.

to fight,

to dis-

pute.

19 («) „5,

kfAu^'ruXfx;^

splendor, glance.

70f,«,

load,

(f. |o, p. ;)(^a)also

aim

(adj. a,oj')a-/^av^o«, to

the north, ajM,a|iTo;,

high road;

gon

9 10

20

a.iJi,vEio

"Avrpov, antrum, a cave or cavern, antro, caverne, autre.

1

io»A

K perficio, to finish, iinire,

'

(

iQ'A

finir,

feire.

diruo, to destroy, aistruggere, detruire.

Uubeo, to command, ordinare, commander.

'

(.

sttmutare, to spur, tnstigare, pousse, anime.

dolabra, a hatchet, a2;sa, doloire, hache. dignus, worthy, great, d^gno, digne, iUustre. 15"Agtoc, 16 "A'iiiiv, a^ovoc, axis, an axle-tree, dsse, pole, essieu.

14 'A^tvtj,

t?,

17 'AoWriQ, confer tus, thick,

close, sp4sso, dru, serre.

DERIVATIVES 1

the wind-flower;

(ai/i/xwv>>)

to kill

anemone. 2 3

(a,o)a»£i|/ia^oy?,a cousin's son. (a^o?, o)ai'^^£»o?,ai' genitor, father, genitore, parent, pere.

DERIVATIVES. 1 (o$,

to) also

2(>!?,

a kind of tripod.

3 Also a bandoleer. 4 a. ^, ov) ocjToKvvu, (f. »30-«,

8

(f.*))

same ^^

11 (to?,

;

p. Jjxa)

adj.)

the

awaT*}, deceit.

n).

ocrett-

boasting.

;

airXoVxo^

plain, open.

15 a,'7roi(pu,

also to boast;

& awftAtj/xa, 0,

»ov,

simply, slightly to soften,

to touch gently.

6

12 (k»,

13 Metaph. ingenuous; awXw?,

>s).

(f.

-kj/w,

p.

^a)

aWTojiAaJ,

tO

be fastened or tied ; also to chastise, to feel or taste. 16 (f. erw, p. >ta) properly to make a noise ; also to speak, rw^w, the same. to say ;

1

;

;

]T,

PRIMITIVES. 1

'Apa,preces, prayers or vows, pregki^ra, voeux, pri^res.

2"Apa/3oc,

3

noise or sound, str^pito^ dii bruit.

slrepitiiSy

'Apaiog, tenuis, thin or narrow, soltiie, clair ct mince.

4 *Apdaa(v, abscindo, cut off, mozzdrc, couper, 5 'ApaxvTiC} aranea, spider, rdgno, I'araign^e. ,

,

.

white, ulho. bianco^' blanc d^siffne.

C 8, albus.

^ 6 Apyog,

1

.

t.

fendre.

.

11

1

iners, zgnavus, idle, slow, pigro, paresseux.

T'Ap'yvpocj argenlunif silver, arg^nto, de I'argent.

8 'ApSw, irrigo, to water, adacqudre, arroser. 9 ^ApiaKWy placeOj I please, pidccio, je plais. 10

'Apirrj, virtus,

courage or heart, cuore, coeur, vertu.

11 'ApTjyo), propulso, I prop, sostengo, je supporte.

12"Apr)g,apeog,Mars,ihe god of war, Mdrte,\e dieu Mars. /^^^^^"^"*3 joint, congiuntura, la jointure.

13''Ao^oo

member, limb,??2^m6ro,un des membres. 14 ^Api^fxog,numerus, number, numero, nombre ou quantity. ^artus,?L

15 'Api(TTepog, Icevus,

left,

mdnco,

sinistro, a la

gauche.

16 "ApLGTov, prandium, a meal or dinner, prdnzo,

le diner.

17 'Apjceo*, C arcere, drive off, scaccidre, repousser. &^ApKiij,\suJficio, be content, contentdre, se contente. DERIVATIVES. 1

(a?,

»))

a^a, a particle, in-

deed, really a priest.

2

(a^oc^euy

to

;

a^ijr^^,

make a

(«, ov) d^ona,, uq, ^,

the belly

u^uUu, to rarefy, to relax.

4 (f. Iw, p. xoi) to beat, to strike. 7 (6) a^yu^erov, a silver mine, or coin tous,

;

(piXa.^yv^o?-

exposed to the wind.

best of any thing a crown,

;

also

18

PRIMITIVES.

The

B.

Syrians called

Hebrews Beth. 1

it

Beta, like the Greek

—Single in numbers

and the

;

signifies

two.

BaKu), ehquor, I speak, prqfferrisco, je dis, parle.

2 Bd^og, profunditas, deepness, profonditd, creux. 3

Baivoj, gradior, to walk, spasseggidre,

4 Baioc) eociguus, par'VUSj 5 Baicrpov, baculus, cane,

little,

promcner.

piccolo, petit.

stick, hastone, baton, canne.

6 Bakavuov, balnea, bathing-place, hdgno, bain, lavoir. ( glctns ilicis, acorn, ghidnda, gland de ch^ne. 7 v.'\ ' \ a bolt or clasp, fibhia, fermoir ou verrouil.

8 BakdvTiov, crumena, pouch, scarc4lla, gibeciere. 9 BaXj3iCj fSoc, starting-place, mosse, I'entr^e en la carriere.

10 BaXXw, I'l

BaXcrajuov,

1 ci

x>

o

throw or

ou lance. balsamum, balsam, bdlsamo, du beaume.

ejicio,

V hcEsito. to

/

(.

dart, gettdre, jette

stammer,

esitdre. b^era ver.

baloutio, to lisp, baloettare, grasseyer.

13 BdvavaoQy opifer, mechanic, artigidno, artizan. 14 BaTTTw,

i//w,

immergere, to dip, intignere, plonger. DERIVATIVES.

1

2

|w & aut p. ;)^a) to say, to utter; 0a|K, «o?, ^, word, discourse ; ^u^a^u, to stammer, ^a/3a|, a prattler,

(f.

(so?,

to) also height;

(>jcrojtAa»,

p. ^B^ftKXy to

10 (xw, p.

7

the

nxoc) to

horses

drive into, to

j^o?^Tq,i^oi,

mount,

a dart.

12 Also to shiver with cold ;Ital. bambino, a baby. 13 (a, o) properly a blacksmith;

same

^a,v[jt,oq, ;

also ^uk-

14

a forge. dipping; baptism, im-

(f. 4^*', p. , mordeo, ^to bite or swallow, morder, mord, avale. 13 Bpvx^j frendeo, gnash one's teeth, grigndre,

les

dents

grince.

14 Bpvov, muscus, moss, grass, musco, erba, mousse ou herbe. ^^^ ^^ sprout, gettdre, jette et pousse, ^ ^ I ^^(^^^^^ " ' Xpullulo, to pullulate, pulluldre, pulluller.

16

Bpw/Liocj fcetor, a stink or

bad

smell, puzza, puanteur.

DERIVATIVES. 1

(/^Wjxa) also to boil, to buzz

noise

(ep6[jLo^f

ah^ofjio^,

;

sy, also quiet,

2

€^£v^t;ecr^at,to

3 4

(to) it is also (f. Iw. p.

dye ;

be

noi-

still.

full

of pride.

applied to brute.

xea &

14 f^fow, to ;){ja)

with

^^vx/i^oy,

;

gnashing of teeth.

or o/aS^i^o^j strong,

properly post cibum dormire ; C^»^w, ^,an interpreter of dreams.

{a-u

10 ^^oTow, to pay the mortal tribute, to stain with blood. 1 Also a hatter, a snare ; e/i*^^oxoi, taken in a snare. 12 (!&;, p. x^^-) ^^vrru, the same; €^vy[Aot, a bite. 13 (Iw, p. x, base, altar, alldrey base, autel.

DERIVATIVES.

1

(fcjcra;)

also the pasture

Same

;

the

^^ofjLcx,y

food, nourishment;

£|xC^o|xa,

;

Qpu^dq^

aivo(;,

9

breakfast.

and jf, h) from whence come signifies

made of

;

Qvty4'E^o^f one that has his ears stopped ;

(crft>,

Tra^a^u^o?, hidden secret. 10 (oy, ^) also a lump of any thing ; a pill or bolus

also

teaXaf, axo?, v, the

samc

Co^iT»»f, ov. boletus,

a kind

of mushroom. 1

(ov, o) aTToCa^^v?,

driven from

the altar, profane.

1

24

PRIMITIVES.

G. Hebrew, Gimel; comes Gamma. 1 FaSojuat,

2 Fatiay 3 Fam, 4

old Sj/rian, Gamala; from thence

In numbers

signifies three.

gauderCf to laugh, rallegrdrsi, se rejouir.

opes, riches, ricch^zza, biens, richesses. 7?},

^e//w5,

the earth, la terra, terre, ou monde.

dard ou

FaT«roc, telum, dart, arrow, ddrdo,

5 Fatw, ostentare, to boast, vantdre,

trait.

se vanter.

le doux lait. 6 FaXa, yaXaicrocj 7 TaXiriy yaXri, felis, a cat, gdtto gdtta, chat ou chatte. 8 raXrivj], serenitas, calmness, serenitd, calrae. 9 FajujSpocj 8} gener, a son-in-law, genero^ un gendre. 10 FajUEw, maritdre, to wed, maritdre, se marier.

^«c, milk,

2*/

Idtte,

11 Favocj Icetitia, joy, mirth, allegria, joie, gaietd.

12 Fapyatpw, splendere, to shine, rilucere, 13 FapYoXiSw, 14

Fa

perito,

^^^''^ ^^^ genius, spirit, genio, genie,

bite,

morsecchidre, mordre en chien.

Aaicfwjvoc) lttcr?/mce, tears, weeping, Idgrime, dcslarmes,

7 AaKTuXocj digitus, finger,

doigt, dattes (aussi).

dito,

8 Aafxau), domo, to tame, domdre, dompte, opprime. 9 AavoQ, Savioc, do7ium, a gift, dono, present, don. 10 Aa-navaw, insumere, to waste, consumdre, prodiguer. 11 AaTTfSov, stratum, pavement, pavim^nto, le plancher.' 12

Aa

rodere, gnaw or devour, divordre, devorer. I I dilacerdre^ to tear, straccidre, ddchirer.

r

13 Aapravw, dormire, to sleep, dorinire, s'endormir. 14 Aoo-ttXtjC) dirus, atrox^ atrocious, atroce, vil, atroce. 15 Aa(rucj£oc,

densus,i\\\c\i.'^ei,

rough,

16 AcwKocj ov, audax, bold, rash,

t

sp(?sso, dense, ^pais.

enter drio, hardi.

DERIVATIVES.

2

(tf, o)

properly DaDdalus,a fa-

mous 3

(ovo^,

o&v)

also fortune, des-

tmy. 4 Also to divide, to carve; ^a^learned banquet.

(Atnvy

5

^xxva,^0

&

;

^»U,

ojxcci,

to?,

same

^'^Ik, £0?, biting.

ring. kill;

ried

9 (to)

^x^Aoc^Uy^cciAvotUy

:

a suba master

^i^r.rv^,

^/a*)to?,

;

a mar-

g. ^dixct^rof;,

woman. also

usury,

interest;

^avti^u, to lend.

10 the

same

^di^Lct^,

a

6 (t/o?, to) ^cch^vov, the same. 7 Also a dactyl; ^xttrvXioq, a 8 Also to

the

duer

artist, also labyrinth.

{ri, Travjj^oV,

expense; ^a-

splendid.

11 Also land, country

;

wo^aTro?,

of what country. 15 Also shaded; fe^o?, grove. 16 (o) ^ixt/xoi', an herb.

eo?,

a

.

28

PRIMITIVES. laurusj a laurel-tree, /«wro, Ic laurier.

1 Aa(f)vt)y

2 Aa\pL\rjg, largus, liberal, generoso, genereux. S ActSw, timeo, to fear, temere, craint, frissonnc. 4 AeiKvvw, ostendere, to show, mostrdre, faire voir. 5 AfiXrj, vesper, evening, la s^ra, soir ou la soiree. 6 AtiXoc, timidus, fearful, shy, timido, craintif. -,

f alius,

^

.

high, great, g-raw6?e, perito, grand, habile.

1 terribilis, frightful, spaventevole, terrible,

8 AaTTvov, ccena, cibus, food, a mess, unpdsto, repas, mets. 9 Aao-a, stercusy dung,marl, letdme, du funaier, ou terreau.

10

Acica, valent decern, ten,

diece dieci, dix (explique).

11 AtX^a^, porcellus, a pig, porcello, cochon do

12

13 Aijiag, corpus, the body, 14

^15

AijjLviov, lectus, Ae/JLU),

un dauphin.

delphinuSy dolphin, del/ino,

Ai\(l>ig,

il

lait.

corpo, corps (exprimc).

stratum, bed,

letto,

lit,

couchette.

cedificare, to build, edificdre, fait batir.

16 AtvSpov, ScvSpoc, arbor, a tree, ww dlbero, un arbre. 17 Aevvocj p^o&rwm, affront, reproach, opj9r66rzo,opprobre.

18 A^^m, dexter a, the right, /« destra, la main droitc. 19 AtTTocj poculum, a cup or vase, mwg tdzza, coupe ou tassc.

20 Atpacj

pellis, skin or leather, pe//e,

cuir

ou peau.

DERIVATIVES. 1

2

^) ^a,(()vuvf tjvoif a place planted with laurel trees.

C*???

^a^V'k^£«»>

abundance.

^ajM,a,

3 Also to quake with fear ^sipa, bright; ^iKyLoiKio??,

^) ^«»ga?, a^o?, the top of

a mountain

2

^E^TT/xa,

3

^ea-'jrol^ta'Bai,

ter;

^et^o?,

;

a

hill.

to

sign

be undermas-

J'Eo-TroT*)?,

lord, despot. ^ivre^aToq,

of

the second day.

7 Also to dress leather, to soften ; h-^su, the same. 8 ^£XD/xa», the same; ^s)toi^co, to bribe. ^eofjiut,

2 14

1

15 17

the same.

^viXxivu,

1 1 ^*jXow,

aspect, look.

5 Lat. secundus;

9

10

to manifest; ^^XuixXf a ;

a^>jAo?,

^*j/x,o(r»o?,

public.

skirmish; toXi/^jj^Kj quarrelsome.

^t»/*t,

the same.

(^»^a|tf,

^ocrxw,

p. ;

^t^ax*)

^t^axr;,

^t^'atxTtxofjdidactic

the same; ^o/*a, to, a

present; ^oVk, the same.

obscure.

A

science

19

^po?,

gift.

1

j

PRIMITIVES.

-'

law-suit, proc^sso, proces, ou poursuite.

lis,

1 AtK??,

2 ^LKTvov, 8, ro, retia, large nets, rete, grands filets. 3 AiKit), ejicio, to throw, gettdre^ jette, ou lance. 4 Aivj?, vortea^, a whirlpool, vordgine, le gouffre. 5 AtTrXooc? dupleXj double, deceitful, doppio, trompeur. 6 Atc> ^*X"' ^^^' twice, c?we volte, deux ibis, bis. 7

8 9

At(7Koc, discus^ a disk or quoit, c?z5co, palet, disque.

duhitare^ to doubt, dubitdre, doute, hesite.

AicrraZd),

qucero, to search, esamindre^ cherche, ^prouve.

Aicftaw,

10 Aicp^ipa, pellis, a skin or leather, p^lle, cuir ou peau. di\pog, sitis, a thirst, 5^7e, soif, ardeur. 1 Ai^a

&

12 Atw, expello, drive out, scaccidre, chassc, exile. 13 AtwKw, sequor, I pursue, seguitdre, suit, poursuit.

14 Avoy/Ao?

and ^'iw^^