Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Konya Archaeological Museum

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Catalogues

••

Regional Epigraphic Catalogues of Asia Minor IV

GREEK AND LATIN INSCRIPTIONS IN THE

KONYAARCHAE OLOGICAL MUSEUM

BY B. H. McLEAN

THE BRITISH INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AT ANKARA MONOGRAPH 29 2002

Published by The British Institute ofArchaeology at Ankara c/o British Academy, I 0 Carlton House Terrace, London SWI Y 5AH

This book is available from Oxbow Books, Park End Place, Oxford OXI I HN

ISBN 1 898249 14 8 ISSN 0969-9007 © British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara 2002

All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara.

Typeset by Campbell Archaeological Services, Lymm, Cheshire Printed by Stephen Austin & Sons Ltd, Hertford

CONTENTS

v

PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS

vii

INTRODUCTION

IX

MAP OF THE KONYA DISTRICT

xvi

I Honorific inscriptions (Nos 1-2, Figs 1-2) II Dedications (Nos 3-46, Figs 3-65)

3

III Imperial dedications (No. 47)

17

IV Funerary inscriptions (Nos 48-178, Figs 66-206)

19

V Sarcophagi (Nos 179-184, Figs 207-16)

59

VI Lamakes (Nos 185-190, Figs 217-24)

63

VII Funerary lion grave-covers (Nos 191-194, Figs 225-9)

65

VIII Cinerary chests (Nos 195-197, Figs 230-3)

67

IX Christian inscriptions (Nos 198-223, Figs 234-65)

69

X Varia et dubia (Nos 224--231, Figs 266-73)

81

XII Latin inscriptions (Nos 232-241, Figs 274-82) (prepared by George Houston)

83

INDEXES 1. Personal Names

87

2. Ethnics and Toponyms

97

3. Names of Gods

99

4. Select Greek Terminology

101

5. Provenances

107

BIBLIOGRAPHY

109

CONCORDANCES A. Publications

119

B. Museum Inventory Numbers

127

List ofpublished inscriptions from !conium not held in Konya Museum (Nos K1-K191; C1, C2) PLATES

iii

131

Alan Stirling Hall (1931-1986) In memoriam.

iv

PREFACE The task of preparing a catalogue of inscriptions held in the Konya Regional Archaeological Museum was begun by the late Alan Hall in the early nineteen-eighties. He spent two seasons working on material in the museum with a view to producing a RECAM (Regional Epigraphic Catalogues ofAsia Minor) volume for Iconium and the surrounding region. Many of the squeezes presently housed in the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara owe their existence to Hall's work during this period. Hall's sad and premature death in 1986 prevented the completion ofthis project. With a few notable examples (already published by Hall), his work in the museum did not progress much beyond making some squeezes and preliminary transcriptions of the stones. Since that time, the museum's collection has continued to increase. In 1995, I revived Hall's work, at the suggestion of Professor Stephen Mitchell. I am indebted to Professor Mitchell who read the draft manuscript and offered much valuable advice. I also thank the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism for permission to carry out this research, and Mr Osman Ermi~ler, director of the Konya Museum, for his wide-ranging assistance. I would also like to express my thanks to Dr Roger Matthews, director of the British Institute at the time. May I also express my appreciation to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, which provided a research grant towards the funding of the project. B. H. McLean Knox College University of Toronto I August 2000

v

ABBREVIATIONS AA AEpigr AJP AM AnatSt ANRW AnzWien Archeologia BAR BCH BIAAM Bull. BSR CIG

CIL CQ CR CRAI DenkschrWien Echos d'orient EpigAnat GGR3 !ApamBith !AsMinChr !Bildhauer !Eph IGRR

!HierapJ

IK !Kibyra-Olbasa !Laodikeia !LydiaKP

!ManisaMus

Archd.ologischer Anzeiger. L 'Annee epigraphique. American Journal ofPhilology. Mitteilungen des deutschen archd.ologischen lnstituts: Athenische Abteilung. Anatolian Studies. Aufttieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt, ed. H. Temporini, W. Haase, Berlin 1972Anzeiger der osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, philosophisch-historische Klasse. Archeologia Polski. British Archaeological Reports. Bulletin de correspondance hellenique. British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph Series. 'Bulletin epigraphique' (cited by item nos), published in REG 1888-. Papers ofthe British School at Rome. Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum, ed. A. Boeckh eta!. Berlin 1828-77, repr. Hildesheim 1977. 1-2. A. Boeckh (ed.). 1828-43. 3. 1. Franz (ed.). 1845-53. 4. E. Curtius, A. Kirchhoff(eds). 1856--59. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, ed. T. Mommsen eta!. Berlin 1868-. Classical Quarterly. Classical Review. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Inscriptions. Denkschriften der osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philologisch-historische Klasse. Echos d'orient: revue bimestrielle de theologie, de droit canonique, d'archeologie, d'histoire et de geographie orientales. Epigraphica Anatolica. Zeitschrift fiir Epigraphik und historische Geographie Anatoliens. Nilsson, M. P. Geschichte der griechischen Religion. 3rd ed. Handbuch der [klassichen] Altertumswissenschaft 5.2. Munich 1955-1967 Die Inschriften von Apameia (Bithynien) und Pylai, ed. T. Carsten. Bonn. IK 32. 1987. Recueil des inscriptions grecques chretiennes d'Asie Mineure. 1, ed. H. Gregoire. Paris 1922. repr. Amsterdam 1968. Inschriften griechischer Bildhauer, ed. E. Loewy. Leipzig 1885, repr. Chicago 1976. Die Inschriften von Ephesos 1-8. IK 11-17. ed. H. Wankel eta!. Bonn 1979-84. Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes, ed. R. Cagnat eta!. Paris 1906-27, repr. Chicago 1975. 3. Inscriptiones Asiae, 1, ed. R. Cagnat, G. Lafaye. 1906. 4. Inscriptiones Asiae, 2, ed. G. Lafaye. 1927. 'Inschriften', ed. W. Judeich, in Altertiimer von Hierapolis, ed. C. Humann, C. Cichorius, W. Judeich, F. Winter. Jahrbuch des kaiserlich deutschen arch!iologischen Instituts, Erg!inzungsheft 4. Berlin 1898: 67-202. Inschriften griechischer St!idte aus Kleinasien. An Epigraphic Survey in the Kibyra-Olbasa Region, ed. N. P. Milner. RECAM 3; BIAAM 24. London 1998. 'Les inscriptions', ed. L. Robert, in Laodicee du Lykos: Le nymphee; campagnes 1961-1963, by J. des Gagniers, P. Devambez, L. Kahil, R. Ginouves. Quebec 1969: 247-389. Bericht iiber eine Reise ... , ed. J. Keil, A. von Premerstein. Vienna 1908-14. 1 ... in Lydien und der siidlichen Aiolis. DenkschrWien 53.2. 1910. 2 ... in Lydien. DenkschrWien 54.2. 1911. 3 ... in Lydien und den angrenzenden Gebieten Ioniens. DenkschrWien 57 .1. 1914. Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Manisa Museum, ed. Hasan Malay. Erg!inzungsbande zu den TAM10. Vienna 1994.

vii

Studia Pontica. 3. Recueil des inscriptions grecques et latines duPont et de l'Armenie, fasc. 1, ed. J. G. C. Anderson, F. Cumont, H. Gregoire. Brussels 1910. Die Inschriften von Prusa ad Olympum. 2, ed. T. Carsten. IK 40. Bonn 1993. IPrusaOlymp Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expedition to Syria. 3. Greek and Latin !SyriaPrinceton A Inscriptions. A. Southern Syria, ed. E. Littmann, D. Magie, D. R. Stuart. 7 fascicules. Leiden 1904--21. Inscriptions grecques et latines de Ia Syrie, ed. H. Waddington. Paris 1870, repr. Rome 1968. ISyriaW Journal ofHellenic Studies. JHS Journal of the Manchester Egyptian and Oriental Society. JMEOS Journal of Roman Studies. JRS Zgusta, Ladislav. Kleinasiatische Ortsnamen. Beitrage zur Namenforschung, Beiheft 21. HeidelKO berg 1984. Zgusta, Ladislav. Kleinasiatische Personennamen. Prag, 1964. KP A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names. Oxford 1987-. LGPN 1. The Aegean Islands, Cyprus, Cyrenaica, ed. P.M. Fraser, E. Matthews. 1987. 2. Attica, ed. M. J. Osborne, S. G. Byrne. 1994. 3A. The Peloponnese, Western Greece, Sicily, Magna Graecia, ed. P. M. Fraser, E. Matthews. 1997. Liddell, Scott, Jones, McKenzie. A Greek Lexicon. 9th Ed. Oxford 1940. LSJ P. G. W. Glare, assisted by A. A. Thompson. LSJ revised supplement. Oxford, 1996. LSJ rev. supp. Monument a Asiae Minoris Antiqua. MAMA 1. Eastern Phrygia, ed. W. M. Calder 1928. 4. Monuments and Documents from Eastern Asia and Western Galatia, ed. W. H. Buckler, W. M. Calder, W. K. C. Guthrie. 1933. 7. Monuments/rom Eastern Phrygia, ed. W. M. Calder. 1956. 8. Monuments from Lycaonia, the Pisido-Phrygian Borderland, Aphrodisias, ed. W. M. Calder, J. M. R. Cormack. 1962. Muze: Kultur Bakanlzgz. Konya: Selyuk Dniversitesi Bas1mevi 1991. Mii.ze Oxford Latin Dictionary. Oxford, 1968. OLD L. Robert, Opera minora selecta. Epigraphie et antiquites grecques. Amsterdam, 1969-. OMS Migne, Patrologia Graeca. PG PIR2 Prosopographia Imperii Romani saec. I.IJ.JJJ. 2nd ed., E. Groag, A. Stein, L. Petersen. Berlin, Leipzig, 1933-70. PLRE Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, ed. A. H. M. Jones, J. Morris, J. R. Martindale. 3 vols, Cambridge 1971-1992. PvL Reisen im sudwestlichen Kleinasien. 2. Lykien, Milyas und Kibyratis, eds E. Petersen, F. von Luschan. Vienna 1889. RECAM Regional Epigraphic Catalogues of Asia Minor. REG Revue des etudes grecques. Robert, Hellenica Hellenica: Recueil d'epigraphie, de numismatique et d'antiquites grecques. 13 vols. Amsterdam, then Paris 1940--65. RPhil Revue de philologie, de litteraire et d'histoire anciennes. SBBerl Sitzungsberichte der [first preussischen, then] deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, philosophisch-historischen Klasse. SBWien Sitzungsberichte der 6sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenchaften in Wien, philosophischhistorische Klasse. SEG Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Stephanus Byzantinus Stephan von Byzanz. Ethnika. Berlin 1958. Talanta TW.avm. Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society. TAM Tituli Asiae Minoris. 2. Tituli Lyciae linguis Graeca et Latina conscripti, ed. E. Kalinka. Vienna 1920-44. 4.1 Paeninsula Bithynica praeter Chalcedonem. Nicomedia et ager Nicomedensis cum septentrionali meridianoque litore sinus Astaceni et cum lacu Sumonensi, ed. F. K. Di:imer, M.-B. von Stritsky. Vienna, 1978. ZPE Zeitschriftfur Papyrologie und Epigraphik. !Pont

viii

INTRODUCTION The first attempt to produce a collection of inscriptions from Konya and the surrounding region was made by Sabbas Diamantides, a Greek medical inspector who resided in Konya in the late nineteenth century. He made many copies of local inscriptions, jotting them down as he came upon them while making his rounds of inspection. This collection was published in 1886. Epigraphy was not his field of expertise, and many of his transcriptions were inaccurate. 1 In 1902, Gustave Mendel published additional inscriptions from the Konya Archaeological Museum, including two lamakes from Bozktr (nos 185, 187) with designs characteristic of the !saurian hill-country. 2 In 1924, Buckler, Calder and Cox published the latest acquisitions made by the museum. 3 Since that time the collection has been moved twice; first to the former mosque, the Iplik~i Cami, which was later to resume its religious functions; then again, in 1962, to its present location where a much enlarged collection of sculptured and inscribed stones is now housed. More than seventy-five years have now passed since the last general review of Greek and Latin inscriptions housed in the Konya Archaeological Museum. In total, of the 232 inscriptions from Konya published prior to 1925, only 56 are now part of the museum's collection. Of the remainder, only a handful are known to have survived; one is preserved in what is left of the late-Roman city wall, one is in the Alaeddin Cami, and a few remain in town cemeteries. The rebuilding of Konya in the late nineteenth century swallowed up a large part of the material remains of ancient Konya, including inscriptions. The more recent expansion and rebuilding of the city in the 1970's destroyed much ofthe nineteenth century city, which probably included some ancient inscriptions reused as building materials. Still, it is gratifying to note that an inscription recorded by Paul Lucas in 1704 is safely stored in the museum garden (no. 9}, along with a few of those which were recorded by later travelers such as Sterrett (nos 94, 102, 191). In 1909-10, many new tombstones were dis-

covered when the old city walls were dismantled. 4 Since 1925, a further 23 inscriptions from Konya have been published, 9 of which are now held in the museum. In total, the present museum collection comprises 27 unpublished and 65 previously published inscriptions from the city of Konya itself, and an additional 114 unpublished inscriptions and 35 published inscriptions from the surrounding region, totalling 241 inscriptions in all. These form the body of the present volume (nos 1-241 below}, but in addition, all previously published inscriptions from lconium, which are now lost or at least not part of the current collection, are listed as K1-Kl91 on pp. 131-4. The index of names (pp. 87-96) covers persons recorded in both groups of inscriptions, and thus is the first and only prosopographical index for the city of !conium. Overall, this collection is a rich, varied, and remarkably representative collection which illustrates differences between Lycaonian, !saurian, Phrygian, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine cultures. Iconium was established as an Augustan colony in 25 BC, in the same period as Pisidian Antioch, Lystra, and others. 5 However, the survival of a Greek-style boule and demos, and Greek coinage, into the imperial period, makes plain that only a part of the territory was taken over by the Augustan colonists-veterans of Fifth Legion. Thereafter, these two communities, the Augustan colony and the original civic polis, co-existed side by side. The title 'Claudikonion' was granted to the city under the emperor Claudius, perhaps in AD 41, as was the case with Misteia, Derbe, and Laodiceia Combusta. However, no new settlement is recorded at this time. This polis of !conium was not made into a colony until the reign of Hadrian when it was re-established as Colonia Aelia Hadriana Augusta. 6 The discontinuation of Greek on coins at this time suggests a strengthening of Roman influence, though inscriptions in Greek continue to outnumber by far those in Latin.

4

2 3

According to W. M. Ramsay, 'except for Arundell and the elder Mordtmann, he was the worst professed copyist of inscriptions whose work I have known; but he was liberal and generous and interested in archaeology' (1927: 101-2). Diarnantides was murdered in his own house in the winter of 1901-1902 for the money thought to be in his possession. Fortunately, prior to his death he had shown his notebooks to J. R. S. Sterrett in 1883, and to W. M. Ramsay in 1886 and 190 I. Mendel 1902:210-82. Buckler et al. 1924: 25-50.

5 6

ix

Calder: 'Pendant l'hiver de 1909-1910, Ia municipalite de Konia a commence a exploiter, pour y trouver des materiaux de construction, Ia colline d' Ala-ed-Din couverte en grande partie par Jes ruines du palais des Seljoucides. Nombre d'inscriptions ont ete deterrees, dont beaucoup avaient deja disparu quand nous atteignimes Iconium au commencement de mai' (Calder 1912a: 48); he continues: 'Quand on eut laisse perdre un nombre d'inscriptions, on considera que celles qui restaient pouvaient enrichir le musee local et on les epargna'. Aulock 1976: 56-7. Magie 1950:2 1405-6; Mitchell1979: 409-27.

Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Konya Archaeological Museum

I. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INSCRIPTIONS

been the city's territory. These include a dedication to Men from Derekoy (ancient Fisnadon) to the southwest,25 and many from the area due south of Konya, 26 as well as a series of inscriptions from Abditolu to the southwest. 27 From further south still, about forty kilometers from Konya, come a group of inscriptions from towns near the Augustan colony of Lystra, planted probably with veterens of the Seventh Legion. 28 Hence, it is no surprise to find Roman names 29 and the use of Latin in these records.30 From the area south of Lystra and north of lsauria come a number of inscriptions. 31 The elaborate geometrical patterns notable on many of the so-called 'Doriatype' stones from this area are not well represented, although there is a fine example from Akoren. 32 A few inscriptions come from the south-eastern end of the region, such as Ambar (ancient Sidamara ). 33 A fine imperial dedication to Hadrian has been discovered in Kerti Hiiyiik (ancient Derbe/Claudioderbe). 34

North A number of pieces from the region to the northwest of !conium, around Hahc1 (ancient Laodicea Combusta)/ Kadmham, 8 Meydanh, 9 and Ilgm (ancient Tyriaion), 10 have survived, adding to the material from Phrygian territory. These include a metrical inscription from an ascetic unorthodox Christian sect in Hahc1 (no. 216), and a funerary lion from Ilgm (no. 193). There has also been a steady trickle of new pieces from both from ancient settlements within close proximity to !conium such as Sille, 11 Ba~arakavak, 12 Tepekoy, 13 and S1zma (ancient Zizima). 14 East From the northeast come two Christian inscriptions from Dagdere, at least one of which is Novatian, and the second is metrical. 15 Metrical inscriptions have also been found in Altmekin (ancient Congustus), 16 and Yag!hbayat (ancient Savatra) including one Christian epigram. 17 Two dedications, from Ortakoy (ancient Comitanasso) 18 and Oguzeli 19 respectively, also come of this region. From further north still come a Christian inscription from >~~ PERTA .,_,..:...,: _..,.

c

~.

......~.~ . . \.~. ) r."J ,)-~'-;-

e

c Ortakuyu COMITANASSO

D

D Abditolu

•

Am bar

SIDAMARIA.

E

E

F

G

G

4

5

6

7

8

Map of the Konya district, showing the sources of inscriptions in the Konya Museum. Ancient names are in capitals; solid squares indicate polis sites; contours are at 900, 1500 and 21 OOm.

xvi

CHAPTER I

HONORIFIC INSCRIPTIONS 1.

the office of logistes is not common before the second century. L. 9: a Roman colony was founded in lconium by Augustus; the preexisting polis of Iconium was subsequently made a colony under Hadrian, see Magie 1950:2 1405-6; Mitchelll979: 411-27.

Honour to Julius Publius Konya (Iconium). Inv. 1199. Limestone statue base, upper surface damaged, broken at bottom right corner. H. 1.58; W. 0.61; Th. 0.31; lettering: 0.035-0.04; fine lettering; ligatures in I. 3 (NK), I. 5 (llE), I. 6 (ME, llP), I. 7 (HE, NK), I. 8 (MllP), I. 9 (first QN), I. 10 (HE). Date: II AD or later. Publ. Villefosse 1890: 443, no. 3; Huart 1897: 192; Pargoire 1899: 418-20; Cronin 1902: 122-3, no. 53; IGRR 4: 264; see also Mitchell1979: 415, n. 41; SEG 29: 1737.

For good fortune. L(ucius) Calp(urnius) Orestes, princeps and logistes of the magnificent colony of Iconium, (honoured) Julius Publius, the most excellent procurator, who surpassed all before him in integrity and fulfillment of the law, (and) also the benefactor of himself and his native city in all things.

'Ayaen roxn. 'Io6Atov ll6n"Atov Tov KpanOTov iniTponov,

avf:i«;~ Kat

!>tKQl-

5

oo6vn navrac; um:pf}aAOJ.IEVOV ou npo QUTOU, A. Kahn( o6pVtoc;) 'OptOTT)c;, piVKE Kai AOYtonlc; tfj AUJ.lnpac; EiKovttwv KOAwviac;, TOV

10

tauTOu Kai Tfjc; naTpil>oc; Eic; navra EVEp-

2.

Honour to Aurelius Philadelphos (Figs 1-2] On road from Konya to Karahiiyiik [map G7]. Inv. 1990.28.1. Limestone altar with small upper moulding (broken away on right and left sides) and large lower moulding (hammered off to the same width as the shaft); upper portion of stone has been destroyed. H. 1.75; W. 0.55 (shaft); rough on 3 sides; lettering: 0.04. Date: III AD or later. Unpublished.

vacat YETTJV. L. 2: Julius Publius, PIK I 503; K181, K182. Ll. 3-4: tniTponoc;, i.e., procurator (Mason 1974, s.v.). L. 4: AINEIA, lapis; avt::i«;~, Villefosse, Pargoire, Cronin; for a>t::i«;~, Huart; cf. ayvf:ia and niOTtc; as applied to magistrates, Robert, Hellenica 13:42. L. 6: OY, lapis. L. 7: IPINKEY, lapis; npiVKElp, princeps coloniae, cf. M(arco) Ulpio Pomlponio Superst[i]lti principi col(oniae) I n(ostrae), M. Ulpi Pomp(oni) I Valentis sac(erdotis) Aulg(usti) fac(ti) f{ilio), sac(erdoti) Aug(usti) falact(o), (duo)vir(o) primo I col(oniae), irenarch(ae), I sebastophant(ae), I [munific]entissimo (K187). L. 8: TH, lapis; logistes, a fmancial official concerned with such matters as the auditing of civic accounts, monitoring the sale of priesthoods, expendtures on games, and the pledging of future income as surety for borrowing, see Burton 1979: 475-6;

[A]Up(JlA10V) \Aoot::AOV T[ov] [K]panOTOV uiov [TOU !>ta-] '!flJ.IOTUTOU TJYEJ.l(6-] voc; A up(TJAiou) AUPTJAtavou, :!(a-]

5

[T]provo tfjc; KOAWVf:i[ac;] [E]TEIJ.ITJOEV 6 l>fjJ,lOc; in!

Tfi E~~l?PEOE! TWV n6pwv, E"Y~l

.. o]WTfjpa.

Ll. 3-4: TJYEJ.IWV, i.e., praeses provinciae. L. 5:[ . ]PQNOl:, lapis; the polis of Iconium was not made a colony until the time of Hadrian (cf. no. 1.9). L. 6: [E]TElJ.ITJOEV for mJ.ITJOEV. The people honoured Aur(elius) Philadelphos, the most excellent son of the most eminent praeses provinciae, Aur(elius) Aurelianus, patronus of the colony (of lconium), ... saviour, for obtaining sources of revenue.

CHAPTER II

DEDICATIONS 3.

EcxTp!cxvoc;

Meter Zizimene [Figs 3-4] Meydanh [map C6]. Inv. 1205. Well-carved marble bust of a female on a plinth. She wears a chiton and mantle. On her head rests a crown covered with a long veil. H. 0.52; W. 0.33; Th. 0.16; lettering: 0.015--0.02; ligatures in I. 1 (NH~), I. 2 (2d HN). Date: I-II AD. Pub!. Vermaseren 1987: 1 235, no. 780 (pl. 170) (incomplete).

5

v-

).!TJ(relief)

fi

E-

u-

x-

i]v.

L. 1: rrarroc;, something used as incense (LSJ rev. supp. 238). L. 4: S. Mitchell notes that the nomen, Satrius, though widespread in Italy, is exceedingly rare in the eastern empire. The corresponding cognomen, Satrianus, is attested only twice in all of Anatolia, once in Rough Cilicia (Mut), and once in !conium (Mitchell 1979: 431 ). Given the rarity of this cognomen, these two men are likely to be related to the same Italian soldier. By the fact that our Satrianus in this inscription bears the imperial nomen, Aelius, we can deduce that he was probably enfranchised under Hadrian. Mitchell mistakenly thinks his nomen was 'Iouf..wc;, instead of A\'Awc;.

MavTJ