The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand: An illustrated, structured catalogue of prehistoric ceramic finds from the site 9781407316796, 9781407345574

Citation preview

Helmut Loofs-Wissowa† was educated in Germany (matriculation), France (Diplôme) and Switzerland (PhD). He taught in the Asian Studies Faculty of the Australian National University for 31 years before retiring. After retirement from Government Service, John Crocker (the editor and compiler of this volume) studied at the Australian National University, earning a Bachelor’s degree and MPhil in Asian Studies.

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

This book, designed as a companion volume to BAR S2844, Hill of Prosperity: Excavations at Khok Charoen, Thailand (2017), provides a complete, structured, fully illustrated catalogue of the more than 400 pots excavated at the prehistoric Khok Charoen site in Northern Thailand in the late 1960s, together with line drawings of more than 150 decorated individual sherds from the same site. All illustrations are to a common scale. The book is also designed not only to trace the development of pottery styles at the site over time, but also to allow comparison with ceramic finds from other such sites elsewhere in Southeast Asia.

LOOFS-WISSOWA

‘For archaeologists, it is very helpful to have a visual sense of the range of variation of ceramic types, and this has been missing for Khok Charoen and central Thailand generally. [The drawings in t]his volume will go a long way to filling in that gap.’ Dr Joyce White, Institute for Southeast Asian Archaeology, Philadelphia

2019

‘A useful reference document that will have value long into the future for comparative analyses as new assemblages are studied. … Due to the importance of Khok Charoen in the history of Thai archaeology, this is also a useful “historical document” itself.’ Dr Nigel Chang, James Cook University, Australia

BAR S2918

BAR IN TERNATIONAL SE RIE S 2918

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand An illustrated, structured catalogue of prehistoric ceramic finds from the site

Helmut Loofs-Wissowa B A R I N T E R NAT I O NA L S E R I E S 2 9 1 8

2019

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand An illustrated, structured catalogue of prehistoric ceramic finds from the site

Helmut Loofs-Wissowa Compiled and edited by John Crocker B A R I N T E R NAT I O NA L S E R I E S 2 9 1 8

2019

Published in by BAR Publishing, Oxford BAR International Series The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand © Helmut Loofs-Wissowa Footed pot type 4K, Khok Charoen IV. Drawing by the author. The Author’s moral rights under the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reser ved. No par t of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any for m of digital for mat or transmitted in any for m digitally, without the written per mission of the Publisher.

ISBN 9781407316796 paperback ISBN 9781407345574 e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407316796 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

BAR titles are available from: BAR Publishing Banbury Rd, Oxford, [email protected] + ( ) + ( ) www.barpublishing.com

,

Acknowledgements In a case like the present Catalogue raisonné of the pottery of a published site, being the result of the close collaboration of the author of the site report and the compiler and editor of the catalogue itself, the main acknowledgements must be from these two to each-other for having achieved such a pleasing result. However, it is quite obvious that without the moral and day-to-day practical support of the spouses of the two men, the latter's work would have been far more difficult and the result much less impressive. Acknowledging their help, this volume is therefore dedicated to Sigrid and Rose, the wives of, respectively, its author and its compiler and editor. The Author and the Editor also acknowledge with deep appreciation the encouragement and support of the management and staff of BAR Publishing, Oxford. The Editor also acknowledges with many thanks the support of Mrs Sigrid Loofs in the completion of this Catalogue following the sad death of Dr Loofs-Wissowa, and to Rosemary Crocker for the devoted proof reading of the final draft document. Also many thanks are due to Professor Peter Bellwood in tracking down the final resting place in Thailand of the reconstructed pots, and to Dr Louis Gabaude, late of the EFEO, Chiang Mai, for determining the actual location of the Khok Charoen site in relation to current Thailand administrative areas.

By the Same Author

Hill of Prosperity: Excavations at Khok Charoen, Thailand A Burial Site at the Stone–Metal Junction Helmut Loofs-Wissowa, edited by John Crocker Oxford, BAR Publishing, 2017

For more information, or to purchase this title, please visit www.barpublishing.com

BAR International Series 2844

Contents List of Illustrations .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

vi

List of Photographs .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

vii

List of Maps and Diagrams

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

vii

List of Tables

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

viii

Editor’s Foreword .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

x

Author’s Foreword .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

xii

Preface

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

xiii

Abstract

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

xiv

Chapter 1 – Introduction .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

1

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

1 1

Chapter 2 – Complete Catalogue of Pots Found at Khok Charoen Sites III, IV and II .

.

.

5

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 5 5 6 8 8 9 9 9 10 11 11 12

. . . . . . . . . . . .

12 12 12 12 14 81 85 98 156 157 160 161

1.1 1.2

2.1 2.2

2.3 2.4 2.5

2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14

Introduction . . . . . . . . Short Introduction to the Geography and Geology of Khok Charoen

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . The Typology and Technology of the Khok Charoen Pots . . . . . 2.2.1 The origins of the pottery typology used in this catalogue . . . . . 2.2.2 The pottery typology used in this catalogue . . . . . . . 2.2.3 The technology of Khok Charoen pottery . . . . . . . The Pot Identification System . . . . . . . . . Pot Dimension Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . The Pot Typology . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1 Class 1: Restricted globular, carinated or elongated bowls. . . . . 2.5.2 Class 2: Restricted globular or carinated bowls with ring foot . . . . 2.5.3 Class 3: Slightly restricted globular or carinated bowls or dishes . . . . 2.5.4 Class 4: Footed (pedestal) bowls . . . . . . . . 2.5.5 Class 5: Unrestricted flat-bottomed bowls or dishes . . . . . 2.5.6 Class 6: Unrestricted heavy thick-walled bowls and dishes and urn-like vessels with circular hole in bottom . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.7 Class 7: Carinated unrestricted bowls . . . . . . . 2.5.8 Class 8: Very large tetrapod vessels . . . . . . . . Comparison of Some Photographs and Line Drawings of Khok Charoen Pots . . . Tables of Class 1 Pots . . . . . . . . . . Tables of Class 2 Pots . . . . . . . . . . Tables of Class 3 Pots . . . . . . . . . . Tables of Class 4 Pots . . . . . . . . . . Table of Class 5 Pots. . . . . . . . . . . Table of Class 6 Pots. . . . . . . . . . . Table of Class 7 Pots. . . . . . . . . . . Table of Class 8 Pots. . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 3 – Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

.

.

.

.

.

163

3.1 3.2 3.3

Introduction . . . The Sherd Illustrations . Observations and Conclusions

Bibliography .

.

.

.

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

163 163 182

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

183

v

List of Illustrations Chapter 3 3.1, Khok Charoen III, “Dotted” reserved sherds Group 1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

164

3.2, Khok Charoen III, “Dotted” reserved sherds Group 2

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

165

3.3, Khok Charoen III, “Dot/stroke” reserved sherds Group 1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

166

3.4, Khok Charoen III, “Dot/stroke” reserved sherds Group 2

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

167

3.5, Khok Charoen III, “Lines” reserved sherds Group 1.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

168

3.6, Khok Charoen III, “Lines” reserved sherds Group 2.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

169

.

.

.

.

.

170

3.8, Khok Charoen III, “Square dots” and “Walking shell” reserved sherds SQD and WSH .

.

.

171

3.9, Khok Charoen III, “Wavy” reserved sherds WAV 1 to WAV 12 .

.

.

.

.

.

172

3.10, Khok Charoen IV, “Dot/stroke” reserved sherds DST 1 to DST 10

.

.

.

.

.

173

3.11, Khok Charoen IV, “Lines” reserved sherds Group 1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

174

3.12, Khok Charoen IV, “Lines” reserved sherds Group 2

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

175

3.13, Khok Charoen IV, “Singles” (unique) reserved sherds SIN 1 to SIN 5 .

.

.

.

.

176

3.14, Khok Charoen IV, “Square dots” reserved sherds SQD 1 to SQD 7

.

.

.

.

.

177

3.15, Khok Charoen IV, “Wavy” reserved sherds Group 1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

178

3.16, Khok Charoen IV, “Wavy” reserved sherds Group 2

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

179

3.17, Khok Charoen IV, “Walking shell” reserved sherds Group 1

.

.

.

.

.

.

180

3.18, Khok Charoen IV, “Walking shell” reserved sherds Group 2

.

.

.

.

.

.

181

3.7, Khok Charoen III, “Single” (unique) reserved sherds SIN 1 to SIN 4

vi

List of Photographs Chapter 1 1.1, Photograph of the Khok Charoen II excavation site, with the Hang Talat Hills in the background

.

1

1.2, Preparation of the Khok Charoen site for excavation, with the Hang Talat Hills behind .

.

.

2

1.3 and 1.4, Some of the tree roots which impeded excavation at the Khok Charoen site

.

.

.

3

1.1, General map of Thailand showing Khok Charoen site in relation to major centres

.

.

.

3

1.2, Map of Central Thailand showing Khok Charoen site near Highway 21

.

.

.

.

.

3

1.3, Detailed plan of the Khok Charoen site

List of Maps and Diagrams Maps Chapter 1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

4

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

6

2.2, Khok Charoen pot typology used in this catalogue .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

7

.

.

.

.

13

Diagrams Chapter 2 2.1, Non Nok Tha pot typology

.

.

2.3, Comparison of some photographs and line drawings of Khok Charoen pots

vii

List of Tables Chapter 2 2.1, Khok Charoen IV and II, Type 1A to 1Aa pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

14

2.2, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 1Ab pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

18

2.3, Khok Charoen IV and II, Type 1B pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

21

2.4, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 1Ba to 1Bc pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

24

2.5, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 1C pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

28

2.6, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 1Ca to 1Cb pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

32

2.7, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 1D pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

35

2.8, Khok Charoen IV and II, Type 1E to 1Fb pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

38

2.9, Khok Charoen IV and II, Type 1G to 1Ga pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

42

2.10, Khok Charoen IV, Type 1H to 1Ha pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

44

2.11, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 1I to 1Ib pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

46

2.12, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 1J to 1Jc pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

50

2.13, Khok Charoen III, Type 1K pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

53

2.14, Khok Charoen II, Type 1K pots, Nos. 20 to 61

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

57

2.15, Khok Charoen II, Type 1K pots, Nos. 78 to 187

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

61

2.16, Khok Charoen II, Type 1Ka pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

65

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

68

2.18, Khok Charoen III and IV, Type 1Ma to 1Nc pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

75

2.19, Khok Charoen III and IV, Type 2A to 2Ca pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

81

2.20, Khok Charoen III and IV, Type 3A to 3Ab pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

85

2.21, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 3B to 3C pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

87

2.22, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 3Ca to 3Da pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

91

2.23, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 3E to 3Ea pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

94

2.24, Khok Charoen III, Type 4A pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

98

2.25, Khok Charoen IV, Type 4A pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

101

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

105

2.27, Khok Charoen II, Type 4A pots, Nos. 115 to 155 .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

108

2.28, Khok Charoen II, Type 4A pots, Nos. 156 to 223 .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

111

2.29, Khok Charoen III and IV, Type 4Aa and 4Ab pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

114

2.30, Khok Charoen II, Type 4Ab pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

117

2.31, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 4Ac to 4Ca pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

121

2.32, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 4D pots, Part 1 .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

126

2.33, Khok Charoen II, Type 4D pots, Part 2, Pot Nos. 149 to 233; Type 4Da pots

.

.

.

.

130

2.34, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 4E to 4Fb pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

134

2.35, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 4G pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

139

2.36, Khok Charoen IV and II, Type 4Ga to 4Gd pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

144

2.37, Khok Charoen IV and II, Type 4H and 4Ha pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

147

2.38, Khok Charoen IV, Type 4J and 4K pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

149

.

.

2.17, Khok Charoen IV, Type 1L and 1M pots

.

.

.

2.26, Khok Charoen II, Type 4A pots, Nos. 2 to 114

.

.

.

viii

List of Tables 2.39, Khok Charoen II, Type 4Ka pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

152

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

155

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

156

2.42, Khok Charoen III and IV, Type 6D and 6Db pots .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

157

2.43 Khok Charoen III and IV, Type 7A to 7C pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

160

2.44, Khok Charoen III, Type 8A pots

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

161

2.40, Khok Charoen IV, Type 4M and 4N pots

2.41, Khok Charoen III and IV, Type 5B and 5C pots

.

.

ix

Editor’s Foreword The British-Australian Archaeological Expedition, led by Dr (later Professor) William Watson, then Assistant Keeper of Oriental Antiquities at the British Museum, and Dr Helmut Loofs-Wissowa of the Australian National University, with the involvement of staff of the Thai Fine Arts Department, carried out archaeological excavations at the prehistoric burial site then called Khok Charoen in Northern Thailand, between 1966 and 1970. Following the completion of the excavation programme, Dr Watson wrote and published several papers on aspects of the Khok Charoen site and pottery, and his PhD student Wendy Ho, wrote her PhD thesis on an analysis of the pottery from the site called Khok Charoen II. Dr Loofs-Wissowa also published some papers on the excavations at the time. (Some of these works are cited in this work). The major process of analysis and identification of the finds and reporting on the excavations was left to Dr Loofs-Wissowa to carry out and to document. This process required the reconstruction of many hundreds of vessels or pots, from a great number of scattered sherds (done by Mrs Sigrid Loofs), together with other finds, and their graphic depiction in accordance with accepted academic practice, as well as writing descriptions and analyses of all of the finds, pots, bones, artefacts, etc. and drawing conclusions from the data. This process took many years of part-time, and later, full-time work. I became involved in the subsequent formatting and editing of the completed report.

Once the original Khok Charoen report was published in 2017, we revisited the value of presenting the pots, the major and most interesting part of the finds from the Khok Charoen sites, as an illustrated structured catalogue of all the pots, presented in such a way as to allow the reader to see, as far as possible, the development over time of the shape and decoration of the various classes and sub-classes of pots. In this document, illustrations from the previous report were to be included, together with others, but in a different and a structured sequence. In addition to the more than 400 complete or virtually complete pots suitable for inclusion in the catalogue, a great many isolated sherds were found at the three Khok Charoen sites, many of which showed at times quite elaborate decoration, but which had no matching fragments. These we regarded as useful to be included, in addition to the catalogue of whole vessels, to record, again in a structured way, the forms of decoration used by the potters of the area at the time. In this case, previously unused illustrations were to be presented. This then was the form that this new report was to take, and it was constructed so as to form a companion volume to the already published 2017 Khok Charoen report. Its value was to lie in both the perception of the development over time of pots within the Khok Charoen site, as well as as a source of comparison with contemporaneous pots from other Southeast Asian sites.

Prior to the publication of the Hill of Prosperity Report, the re-assembled pots and unmatched sherds were returned to the Thai Government through the Australian National University. They are now in the storage at the Kanjanaphisek National Museum in Pathum Thani, north of Bangkok city. Researchers wishing to access the material should contact The Director-general, The Fine Arts Departnent, Na Phra That Road, Phra Nakhon District, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.

Dr Loofs-Wissowa then set about preparing the textual part of the report, and I assembled the tables of pot types, and the tables of individual decorated sherds, together with some minor commentary. This work proceeded satisfactorily with regular joint meetings and reviews, and by end May 2018, the work was substantially complete, with only the final Observations and Conclusions chapter to be completed. Unfortunately at about this time, Dr Loofs-Wissowa's health started to deteriorate rapidly, and he was not able to make further contributions to the work, and, sadly, he died in August 2018 at the age of almost 91.

In 2017 the completed Khok Charoen report was published by British Archaeological Report (BAR Publishing) under the title Hill of Prosperity: Excavations at Khok Charoen, Thailand; A Burial Site at the Stone–Metal Junction (BAR International Series 2844).

It was Dr Loofs-Wissowa's wish that the work be completed and by then BAR had shown an interest in the project, so it has become my responsibility to complete the work and present it for publication. During the hiatus caused by Dr Loofs-Wissowa's illness, a draft of the work then to date had been submitted to BAR for peer review. These reviewer comments were received, evaluated, and were incorporated, as far as possible, into the final result. Where reviewers called for additional material, it has only been able to be added if it was still available to me. Also, as far as I am aware, Dr Loofs-Wissowa did not make photographs of individual pots, possibly trusting his own considerable graphics skills to give a better idea of the shape and decoration of a pot rather than a photograph. However, I have added four

During discussions on the form of the Khok Charoen report, in its development, Dr Loofs-Wissowa and I had considered including an illustrated catalogue of all the pottery found at the site, but we decided at the time that the pot data was best presented in relation to other objects from the same burial, wherever possible, or in conjunction with pots from the same hoard if found in aggregations, to allow best understanding of the relationship between pots, skeletons, artefacts and other objects. Also, the catalogue, if added to the report, would have made the report very large, over 600 pages. So that idea was set aside.

x

Editor’s Foreword pairs of photographs and line drawings of the same pots on Page 13 to illustrate the benefits and disadvantages of either medium.

completeness to add other material, it has been in the form of paragraphs linking with the earlier work, and between the chapters.

What follows is the structured text and illustrations prepared by Dr Loofs-Wissowa, and presented in the form that we had agreed. Where it has been necessary for

John Crocker Editor December 2018

Dr Helmut Loofs-Wissowa together with some of his reassembled Khok Charoen pots

xi

Author’s Foreword It may well be asked why we need a special volume in the form of a long catalogue raisonné of the pottery of Khok Charoen when these pots have already all been documented and drawn in detail, often even with additional explanatory notes or illustrations, in the site report (Hill of Prosperity) itself? The answers to this seemingly simple and straightforward question are, however, anything but simple and straightforward, consisting as they do of two different angles of viewing the topic.

that pottery making "must have seemed a sort of magic transubstantiation - the conversion of mud or dust into stone. It may have prompted some philosophical questions as to the meaning of substance and sameness." (Childe 1970: 90). [Because] "The constructive character of the potter's craft reacted on human thought (…). In making a tool of stone or bone he was always limited by the shape and size of the original material; he could only take bits away from it. No such limitations restrict the activity of the potter. She can form her lump as she wishes." (ibid.: 93).

The first, almost obvious, answer is that the method information about these pots (origin, identification, classification, description, measurements etc.) is gathered and presented, namely in order of the place of their discovery, such as burials or layers, does little for the understanding of the overall character of the site, nor of pottery itself. To use a somewhat crude simile, it is as if somebody puts a pile of bricks and other building material in front of you, saying that this is everything you need to build your house: now build it!

However, pottery could not replace the tool kit developed by early humans over millennia as it was restricted to vessels, figurines and other small objects or even large statues but was not suited for making cutting instruments and the like. These additions came with the use of metals which completed this epochal revolution of not only human technology but also of our concept of what matter is all about; but this further development into the "Bronze Age" would not have been possible, or at least as seamless without the help of pottery in the form of moulds, vessels for molten metal and other objects facilitating metallurgical processes (Crocker 2017).

The other answer is more esoteric as it refers to the underlying question of why only pottery? Why not also a catalogue of stone tools or other implements which also played an important rôle in the life of the society under scrutiny? It is because the advent of pottery is much more than an addition to the material equipment and the way tools or other objects are made and used. As has often been pointed out, most convincingly by V. Gordon Childe,

Keeping the above in mind, as inconsequential as it may have appeared at first sight, I hope it has helped to see the present catalogue as what it is meant to be: a means to a still better understanding of the importance and uniqueness of the site of Khok Charoen.

xii

Preface The discovery, excavation and finally publication of the site of Khok Charoen (Hill of Prosperity), a large burial ground in the northeastern corner of Central Thailand, was a rather drawn-out, complicated and multi-faceted enterprise. This was not because of lack of goodwill of which there was plenty all over, on both sides, but because of lack of experience with regard to Thai prehistoric archaeology of which there was hardly any, not even by Thai archaeologists themselves who traditionally concentrated their efforts on monuments above ground and had no time left to dig into it in search of skeletons. In this matter we were pioneers which may also help to understand the necessity - or at least the desirability - of the present catalogue.

opportunities. The first year of the expedition was, notwithstanding, spent in surveying this region from north to south in search of suitable sites to be trial-excavated for further, more thorough excavation in the following five planned seasons, with the result that only three sites were considered: a cave near Chiang Mai which was quickly excavated, yielding a few interesting iron implements; an open site near U-Thong which turned out to also be an iron-working centre but one which yielded some pre-Dvaravati pottery, indicating early Indian influence, and was therefore further excavated during the first, fourth and fifth season; and finally the burial ground of Khok Charoen near Chai Badan in Lopburi Province which proved to be the site corresponding most closely to what we were looking for as its burials contained sophisticated pottery but no bronze whereas a site only a few hundred kilometres to Northeast on the other side of the Phetchabun Mountain Range had burials with a similar but slightly less ornate pottery but accompanied by bronze objects. This was thus the exact junction of Stone and Bronze "Ages" we had been hoping to find.

By definition, pioneers must find their way in unchartered territory with care and foresight but do not always get it right at their first attempt, and the Thai-British Archaeological Expedition, founded by William Watson of the British Museum, later professor of Chinese Art and Archeology at the University of London, is no exception. The TBAE was launched in 1965 to fill a void left by the first two "western" post-war expeditions, the Thai-Danish Prehistoric Expedition, 1960-1962, with the aim "to make a study of the almost unknown prehistory of Thailand"(!), excavating mainly mesolithic and neolithic sites in Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand, and an American one, the University of Hawaii -Fine Arts Department Expedition, 1963-1964, in the northern part of the Khorat Plateau, northeastern Thailand, excavating burials containing bronze objects. Between these two, there is thus not only a geographical gap, i.e. the whole of Central and North Thailand, but also a time gap which is the more important as it includes the transition from Stone to Bronze "Age" and even the nebulous one from Prehistory to History. Big gaps by any means.

One part of Khok Charoen was "trial"-excavated in the first season 1966, and two more parts more fully during the second and third seasons, 1967 and 1968; finally, during the fifth and last season 1970, the first trial-excavated part was enlarged by more exact excavations of as many cuttings as time allowed and yet with the most exciting results of the whole campaign as an entirely new cultural influence was discovered. Pottery was the main and almost sole indicator of the influence of cultures coming from outside the three cemeteries of Khok Charoen. However, the fact that different excavators worked on these three cemeteries at different times following different excavation methods, resulted in different ways to define and describe the pottery they found. The situation in this regard became even more complicated with the first full account of pottery finds of the largest cemetery of Khok Charoen, KC II, excavated in 1967. In this unpublished PhD thesis, the author established a totally new pottery typology (Ho 1984, I: 22-44; II: 92-94) and declares that "The classification here supersedes those published by Watson & Loofs (1967) and Loofs & Watson (1970)" (Ho 1984, I: 44). With the publication of Hill of Prosperity which endeavours to finally put all the diverse cultural strands of Khok Charoen together, we now have yet another pottery typology of that site claiming to supersede the others before it (Loofs-Wissowa 2017: 12-20). One more reason for the establishment of a catalogue like the one we submit herewith.

To fill this latter gap in an all-encompassing and yet economical manner, given that time and resources at our disposal were not unlimited, the following brief was elaborated and ways and means were sought to reach its aims: "to gain more information on the obscure period preceding the establishment of the first so-called 'Indianized States' in Mainland Southeast Asia by investigating the Late Neolithic period and the spread of the use of metals in central and northern Thailand." Translated into down-to-earth terms, this meant ideally to look for diagnostic surface finds, in this case mainly potsherds, square metre by square metre in an area of roughly 300,000 square kilometres, surely a somewhat aleatory undertaking with no hope of exhausting all

xiii

Abstract The present Catalogue of the Pottery of Khok Charoen, although an independent work in its own right, is meant to be a companion volume to the final report of this site entitled Hill of Prosperity: Excavations at Khok Charoen, Thailand; A Burial Site at the Stone-Metal Junction (BAR International Series No 2844). Like with almost every other neolithic or Bronze Age burial site, the largest and in many ways most important category of finds of Khok Charoen is its pottery, be it plain or decorated. However, this situation is difficult to perceive if the more than four hundred pottery vessels found in the three cemeteries making up the site are presented, as they are in the report, embedded in the description of all the finds of a particular burial, one after the other, rather than as an ensemble which has to be analysed independently. The Catalogue is the outcome of the realisation of this desideratum. The excavation, 1965-1970, of the site of Khok Charoen is to be seen in the context of post-war Thailand, the only Southeast Asian country which had not been the colony of a western power and as such the only one where western archaeologists were welcome to begin a detailed study of its prehistory which until then was very little known. After a Danish expedition excavating neolithic sites in western Thailand and an American one in northeastern Thailand excavating sites containing bronze, the Thai-British Archaeological Expedition began in 1965 to prospect North and Central Thailand in search of suitable sites for excavation. This was the more difficult as this expedition had in its brief, in addition to find out where Stone meets Metal, also to look out for signs of early Indian influence. The site selected as the one most likely to fulfil these conditions was Khok Charoen, situated in the northeastern corner of Central Thailand near the Phetchabun Mountain Range which, as it turned out, is the line separating Stone to the west from Bronze to the east. Although no direct proof of Indian influence was found in Khok Charoen itself, there was convincing evidence of it in the only other site selected by the expedition for further excavation, U-Thong, further to the southwest, in the form of potsherds of the Dvaravati style, the earliest "Indianised" Kingdom in what is now Thailand.

xiv

Chapter 1 Introduction

Photograph 1.1, Photograph of the Khok Charoen II excavation site, with the Hang Talat Hills in the background The unmatched single sherds were set aside for later study as “Reserved” sherds. These are depicted and analysed in Chapter 3 below. Before considering the excavated pots and sherds in detail, an outline of the excavation environment is provided below.

1.1 Introduction During the excavation process at Khok Charoen, detailed in the BAR report S2844: H. Loofs-Wissowa, Hill of Prosperity: Excavations at Khok Charoen, Thailand, Oxford, 2017 (the 2017 Khok Charoen Report) many burials were investigated, and together with the skeletal remains and other items, the fragments of many pots were recovered. These fragments fell into two distinct groups, first, fragments which could be directly related to adjacent fragments in such a way as to determine that they originally formed parts of the same vessel, and second, single sherds which bore no relation to the surrounding sherds, as determined by shape or surface pattern. Those sherd fragments which could be assembled into more or less whole pots were so processed and formed the material for the Catalogue shown at Chapter 2 below.

1.2 Short Introduction to the Geography and Geology of Khok Charoen Given the fact that the geographical and geological setting of any prehistoric site determines this site's basic material culture, a closer look at the location of Khok Charoen within Thailand and Southeast Asia in general is indispensable. This mainly concerns three aspects of the environment: climate, rainfall and geology in the sense of the availability of raw materials, such as certain kinds of stone and clay.

1 

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand The site is situated 13.5 km north of Chai Badan at about 150 m west of the road from Lopburi to Phetchabun and directly opposite, i.e. on the other side of the road, to a group of three low mountains (up to 468 m), the Khao (hills) Hang Talat, clearly visible on Photograph 1.1 above. Note: In administrative terms, the site is actually located in the modern "Sila Thip" Subdistrict, "Chai Badan" District of Lopburi Province, east-central Thailand, not the current "Khok Charoen" District. In a strict sense, there were no villages next or near the site; there were just a few houses scattered in the area. The site was and is situated near the Highway No. 21.” (Private communication from Dr. Thanik Lertcharnrit, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, August, 2018). Through the rivulets surrounding the site that eventually flow into the Nam Pasak, the site is thus connected with the Gulf of Siam (or Thailand). While this particular situation applies to the burial ground only and not necessarily also to the settlement using the cemetery, it stands to reason that settlement(s) in the area are also situated near the many streams crisscrossing the area to join the Pasak River which is only 9 km distant from the site. Photographs 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 show the site conditions before and during the excavation process. The more down to earth geographical situation of Khok Charoen is the following. The site is situated in the western part of the "Central Highlands", i.e. the massive Phetchabun Range which separates Central Thailand from north to south, or the Menam Chao Phraya drainage basin from the country's northeastern part,

the Khorat Plateau, draining towards the Mekong. To the west of this dividing line there would thus be the large and fertile alluvial plain of the Chao Phraya, the heartland of Thailand as it is at present, whereas to the east, the dry and infertile plateau is now mainly known archaeologically for finds of ancient bronze in its northern part. As the spread of the use of this metal towards the west seems to have been stopped by the Phetchabun Range west of which there are only late neolithic sites at the same time, this mountain chain can also be seen as dividing Stone- and Metal "Ages". The solid Phetchabun Range is, however, divided into at least two individual chains, the main one being the Phetchabun Range itself, in Thai San Khao Phang Hoei, and the smaller Luang Prabang range, San Khao Luak in Thai, to the west. In between the two, there is the Pasak, a relatively modest river which flows northsouth through a bed apparently created for it by the Mekong before this river was forced by geological developments to turn sharply to the east and which, near the site, turns to the west. From there on, this area is already considered to be part of the Chao Phraya delta region and shows the characteristic features of such a situation. The river itself runs through a bed of Lopburi clays, and next to the river to the east a band of limestone buttes which are also evident on the western side of the Pasak river. The general soil is derived from lava plateaux and volcanoes, and consists of mainly shallow, undifferentiated deposits, undulating to steep. It is in this region of low limestone mounds that the site of Khok Charoen has been discovered.

Photograph 1.2, Preparation of the Khok Charoen site for excavation, with the Hang Talat Hills behind

2

Introduction

Photographs 1.3 and 1.4, Some of the tree roots which impeded excavation at the Khok Charoen site

Map 1.1, General map of Thailand showing Khok Charoen Map 1.2, Map of Central Thailand showing site in relation to major centres Khok Charoen site near Highway 21 (maps by John Crocker) Geological maps show that on two accounts the settlements near the site of Khok Charoen seem to fulfill the conditions for becoming pottery-producing; they are: water being available all year around through a system of streams, rivulets and rivers connecting it ultimately with the sea via the Chao Phraya at Bangkok, and the availability of suitable kinds of clay

in the immediate vicinity of the settlement. However, a third condition commonly thought as being linked to pottery-making, namely the nearness to forests providing trees for firewood, is of little or no importance as societies in Southeast Asia, New Guinea or the Pacific islands which still now produce pottery in the traditional way, show the need for wood to fire 3

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Map 1.3, Detailed plan of the Khok Charoen site handmade pottery being rather modest. In most cases all sorts of combustible material, such as dried fronds or leaves of certain plants or trees, twigs or small branches and the like, is heaped together in a particular way to fire the dried newly-made pots which are laid out on top of the stack within an hour or so. That this situation may also have prevailed at the site of Khok Charoen itself is attested by the following observation. On the western side of the site plan, between KC I+IV to the north and KC II to the south, near a curve in the stream bordering the site, there is an area of about 40x50 m, labelled "dense brush" which, from all we know, is a remnant of the original "brush" which may have covered the entire region at the time of the burials. Between the time of the first settlers in the 1950s (of the same generation as we intruders in the 1960s!) and the abandonment of the burials about three millennia earlier, there were only very sporadic signs of human presence in the area apart from the occasional settlements well until the first millennium AD. These were rare finds of the time of Sawankhalok or other sites of the same period, leaving open the possibility that the entire vast area of northeastern Central Thailand remained indeed a wasteland without permanent human occupation till the middle of the 20th century.

With regard to the climatic conditions in which this kind of dense but not very substantial "brush" (brousse in French) could thrive, the most likely conclusion would be that it could not have been much different from that of the present, i.e. in spite of being part of tropical Southeast Asia and of a region influenced by the Monsoon regime, it only has a moderate annual rainfall of 1000 to 1500 mm and an equally relatively moderate temperature.

4

Chapter 2 Complete Catalogue of Pots Found at Khok Charoen Sites III, IV and II 2.1 Introduction

2.2 The Typology and Technology of the Khok Charoen Pots

This catalogue reproduces descriptions, dimensions and images of almost all of the more than 400 complete or partial pots recovered from the archaeological sites at Khok Charoen, Thailand, first reported in the 2017 Khok Charoen Report. The reason why not every pot found in Khok Charoen could be identified, illustrated and described in the Report and in this catalogue, is that the site was severely flooded at least twice in its history, resulting in the dislocation of many pots, their breaking up into sherds of all sizes, which in turn were dispersed at the mercy of the changing direction of the floods. The exact reconstruction of pots was therefore often most difficult and in some cases simply impossible for lack of diagnostic sherds, although the pot type could be determined or at least guessed at. These pot types have been described but not illustrated. The reconstructed pots are shown below, the single isolated sherds, the “Reserved” sherds, are analysed in Chapter 3, below. The descriptions of the pots have been copied from the main text of the 2017 Khok Charoen Report, and images have been added to identify the different pot types, but detailed location data of the finds by cutting number has generally been omitted. The overall sequence of the pots in the following catalogue is by Class of pot, with within each Class, Types and subTypes. Within Type and sub-Type, the sequence depends upon the origin of the pot. This sequence is: pots from Khok Charoen III (escavated 1968), then Khok Charoen IV (excavated 1970), and finally Khok Charoen II (excavated 1967), reflecting the perceived chronological sequence of the three sites; not all origins may occur within any given pot Type or subType. Thus the general sequence of pots within type groups is oldest to newest. In this way possible developments in decoration and other matters may be identified over time. This catalogue is in eleven parts:

2.2.1 The origins of the pottery typology used in this catalogue In the 2017 Khok Charoen Report, the following introduction to the typology to be used was made: “The starting point for establishing the pottery typology for KC III and IV was the often made observation that, in spite of the absence of bronze in Khok Charoen, its pottery showed a remarkable similarity to that of Non Nok Tha on the eastern side of the Phetchabun Range at about 250 km to Northeast, where bronze was already present at the same time (e.g. Watson 1968: 304; Bayard 1979: 27; Solheim 1969: 37; Ho 1984, I: 130). … It was therefore thought appropriate to model the pottery typology after that elaborated by Bayard for Non Nok Tha (Bayard 1984: 91) [shown below], so as to more clearly show the similarities and differences between the two sites and perhaps to enable us to draw some useful conclusions concerning chronology or relations between the two. “After some trial runs, Bayard opted in the end for a morphological classification "to avoid functional inferences" (Bayard 1984: 90), following in this what had already been said about such a system as the only one which can be applied cross-culturally (Ericson and Stickel 1973: 357), i.e. taking into account that the function of a vessel can be independent from its form and is often unknown or only guessed when dealing with other cultures or with prehistoric pottery” (LoofsWissowa op cit: 12). Despite “avoiding functional inferences in the first instance” (Bayard 1984: 90), later on the same page of his paper Bayard chose to analyse the Non Nok Tha pots by apparent function. He states “… more germane to the subject to this paper are the possible functions of the Non Nok Tha vessels and some insight can be gained by applying the analytical techniques used by Macdonald (1980)” (Bayard op cit: 90), which gave rise to three functional groups, cooking, storage and serving vessels. Bayard applied Macdonald’s techniques to the Non Nok Tha pots and obtained the following functional distribution (with reference to Diagram 1 below), Class 1, cooking and liquid storage; Classes 2 and 6, dry or paste storage; and Classes 3, 4 and 5, serving. Bayard also added a “ritual storage” category for some of the pots. He said “However, the five storage vessel types [Classes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6?] are all well below the capacity of modern fish paste storage vessels (ca. 10 l.) and with the possible exception of type 2B are too small to have served in any utilitarian capacity. Hence at least these types most probably comprise what could be called a “ritual storage” category, made especially for inclusion in burials: this is almost certainly the case as well with the highly standardised 4D footed cups” (Bayard op cit: 93).

A discussion of the typology and technology of the Khok Charoen pots, A definition of the system used to identify the individual pots and their dimensions, Details of the pot typology being used in the text and in the catalogue, Illustrated tables of Class 1 pots, Illustrated tables of Class 2 pots, Illustrated tables of Class 3 pots, Illustrated tables of Class 4 pots, An illustrated table of Class 5 pots, An illustrated table of Class 6 pots, An illustrated table of Class 7 pots, An illustrated table of Class 8 pots.

5

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Diagram 2.1, Non Nok Tha pot typology from Bayard 1984

2.2.2 The pottery typology used in this catalogue

burials KC IV) + 237 (all pots KC II), i.e. 444 pots altogether, without counting the undefined number of pots in Classes 5 and 6 as well as only virtually restored vessels in the category of Special and Unique Pottery. The addition of two classes and ten types was due to the necessity of having to accommodate a greater number of vessel types in Khok Charoen as a result of more diverse outside influences than in Non Nok Tha.” (Loofs-Wissowa op cit: 12). The following table, Diagram 2.2, shows the typology observed in the classification of the pots excavated at the Khok Charoen sites.

In relation to the development of the Khok Charoen pottery typology, the following comments were made in the 2017 Khok Charoen Report “A morphological classification consisting in the division of the pottery into broad classes according to the basic shape of the pot (rim, body, base, foot etc.) and subdivided into types was thus also adopted for Khok Charoen with some modifications and additions. Whereas Bayard arrived at a total of 38 types (in 6 classes) for 799 vessels (Bayard op cit: 90-91), the Khok Charoen classification had to be enlarged to 48 types (in 6+2 classes) for 179 (burial pots KC III-IV) + 28 (ceramic

6

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots Summary table of Khok Charoen pot types 1A (27)

1B (30)

1C (28)

1D (12)

1E (3)

1F (8)

1G (4)

1H (3)

1I (7)

1J (6)

1K (29)

1L (4)

1M (6)

1N (5)

2A (7)

2B (2)

2C (1)

3A (6)

3B (6)

3C (17)

3D (1)

3E (22)

4A (89)

4B (2)

4C (9)

4D (27)

4E (11)

4F (5)

4G (35)

4H (9)

4J (5)

4K (12)

4M (1)

4N (1)

5B (1)

5C (1)

6D (7)

7A (1)

7B (1)

7C (1)

8A (2)

Note: Pot class number is shown above the image; the number in brackets is the total number of pots listed in each class.

Diagram 2.2, Khok Charoen pot typology used in this catalogue (Note: Images are not to scale; a scale of 10 cm is shown under each image.) In considering the morphology of the pots, both from Non Nok Tha (above) and from Khok Charoen (also above), the pots in each class have generally similar shapes, with the exception of Non Nok Tha Types 1D, 1I and 1L. These have an “amphora” shaped bottom. Further, no pots have handles for lifting, apart from Non Nok Tha types 1R and 6R. Further, in relation to the diagram of the Khok Charoen pot types below, the most striking feature is the relatively high frequency of occurrence of footed bowl type 4A (89), 4D ( 27) , and 4G (35). This parallels the high frequency of occurrence of Bayard’s “highly standardised 4D footed cups” cited above.

Watson, in a paper on the material used for the Khok Charoen pots, considered further below, notes the similarities in morphology in Neolithic pots from Thailand in general. “The similarity of globular pots in central, northeast and west Thailand reflects a basic uniformity of village communities subsisting at least partially on rice. The local variation in the profile of these pots, and of their cording (especially the refined surface treatment seen at KCH [Khok Charoen]) is readily recognizable and in the aggregate the Thai forms are distinctive among the round corded pots made by the neolithic communities of East Asia from the Zhongyuan southwards. Pedestal bowls assigned to

7

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand ritual usage, of similar design though differing in detail, indicate intercommunity links of a more particular order, relating to common ideological heritage” (Watson 1986: 370).

potting tradition within the community; this type accounts for only 1/55 of the total of burial pots. Fabric group 5 includes abundant fine sand, grog temper and rice husk. Some sand grains are quartzo-felspathic and appear to derive from a granitic source, although the majority are of quartz. This variation raises the possibility of a pottery imported from elsewhere although the shape in which it appears is a local one. Fabric group 6 contains abundant angular quartz, feldspar and granitic rock in fragments up to 1 mm in diameter, with much epidote, the temper appearing to derive from epidotized granitic rock. Probability is high that this fabric represents an imported ceramic. Clay of this kind might be sought in an area of granitic outcrop situated 45 kms northwest of KCH, and possibly brought a little nearer by the action of streams. Distant parallels to the ornament used on KCH pottery of Fabric 6 reinforces the argument for importation. Thus in summary: Fabric 1 80% of local ware. Fabric 2 subsequent to 1 (cf. grog), early and late at the site. Fabric 3 variant of 2, less certainly local, early and late levels. Fabrics 4 and 5 distinct by fibre temper, possibly made off-site. Fabric 6 distinct by mineralogy, very likely imported.” (Watson op cit: 369-370). From Watson’s observations, the Khok Charoen pots in general form a part of a common pottery heritage in South East Asia, with a relatively high level of technological expertise. This is supported by the 2017 Khok Charoen Report. It considers the decoration of Khok Charoen pots in some detail, and in relation to apparently contemporary decoration from other sites, and identifies eight common motifs in the pottery of Southeast Asia (Loofs-Wissowa 2017: 326-335). This analysis concludes that a strong link in decoration patterns between scattered parts of Southeast Asia and the Pacific seems to exist, from the work of many separate researchers.

2.2.3 The technology of Khok Charoen pottery Watson, in the paper referred to, also analysed the materials from which the Khok Charoen pots were made and in doing so, made some important findings. The analytical technique was that of “thin-section analysis”, and used sections of sherds reduced to 0.03 mm thickness and examined by polarized light and electron probe microanalysis (Watson op cit: 369). This technique, applied to the Khok Charoen sherds, identified six different pottery materials (“fabrics” in Watson’s terminology), some local and one of external origin because of the constituent minerals. Watson reported on the nature of the various pottery materials: “Fabric group 1. This fabric is characterized by an abundant temper of poorly sorted, fine to medium grade, mineralogically immature sand … But as there are lava fragments in the sherds, it is reasonable to postulate that the altered grains represent weathered volcanic material. … The local origin of this fabric is readily understood: immediately in the vicinity of KCH is an area of small low hills where volcanic rhyolites are the main outcrop. The potting clay could be had in primary deposits only I km from the site, and was possibly brought still nearer by north-flowing streams. Fabric 1 was used at KCH2 for all burial pots, notably pedestal bowls, and for globular utilitarian pots, also placed in graves, which are of a type ubiquitous in Thai Neolithic and bronze-age culture, differentiated in the Lopburi region by their superior finish in cording and red-slipped rims Fabric group 2 is characterized by a temper of angular fragments of grog (crushed sherd) containing zoned feldspars and lava fragments which probably derive from pottery of Fabric 1. Here too local origin is unquestioned, but it is significant that Fabric 2 is found in three pedestal bowls excavated at KCH1 … This fabric occurs also sporadically at KCH2, notably in coarse utilitarian jars stratified high and excluded from the graves, distinguished by the nail-head section of their rims. Fabric group 3 is variegated, with streaks of a lighter clay in darker matrix, containing grog fragments but no special mineralogical features suggestive of provenance. This fabric is identified in a pedestal jar taken from a KCH2 grave, but one differing from the common KCH2 type and more resembling a type of bowl known at KCH1. Fabric group 4 contains an abundant temper of rice husk and fine to medium grade sand. The sand consists entirely of quartz grains, clearly from a source different from that of Fabric 1. Fabric 4 is used in a pedestal bowl from KCH2 differing from the standard type only in having a lower bowl, neither this feature nor the character of the clay necessarily indicating other than local origin, though perhaps one from a different

2.3 The Pot Identification System The method of pot identification depends upon the site, Khok Charoen II, III or IV, where the pot was found. All Khok Charoen II (KC II) pots are identified by Burial number (Burial 1 to 42), Find number within the burial and a sequential Pot number (Pot 1 to 237). The Pot numbers were allocated by Ho in her Dissertation Ho (1984). These pots were identified in Khok Charoen II burial details at Loofs-Wissowa (2017), pages 244 to 281. Khok Charoen III (KC III) pots are identified in one of two ways depending on their association with burials. Those pots directly associated with burials are identified by Burial number and Find number only, these are identified in Khok Charoen III burial details at Loofs-Wissowa (2017), starting at page 41. Pots not directly associated with KC II burials are identified as either Non-attributable Burial (NAB) or Special and Unique (SUP) pots. These are listed at Loofs-Wissowa pages 55 and 83 respectively.

8

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots Khok Charoen IV (KC IV) pots are similarly identified, but with more types of non-burial-associated pots. As with Khok Charoen III pots, those pots directly associated with burials are identified by Burial number and Find number only. These are identified in Khok Charoen IV burial details at Loofs-Wissowa (2017), starting at page 130. Pots not directly associated with burials are identified as either Unclassifiable Burial (UCB) pots, at page 152, Non-attributable Burial (NAB) pots, at page 155, Vessel Cluster Ceramic Burial VCCB) pots, at page 179, Domestic-only (DO) pots, at page 200, and Special and Unique (SUP) pots at page 201.

2.5.1 Class 1: Restricted globular, carinated or elongated bowls Type 1A: Small globular bowl, slight carination, everted straight rim. Type 1Aa: Large globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. Type 1Ab: Small globular bowl, spherical body, flaring rim. Type 1B: Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. Type 1Ba: Globular bowl. Body inside flattened spherical, outside with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim, rounded lip. Type 1Bb: Small globular bowl. Slightly flattened spherical body. Narrow, almost horizontal shoulder; everted, outcurving, restricted rim flattened on top so as to form an everted rounded lip. Type 1Bc: Medium restricted bowl. Hemispherical body, vertical direct low rim, truncated with slight carination at conical shoulder. A bull head effigy stuck on one side just below carination. From carination down cord-marked. Inside rim and bull head covered with red slip. Outside rim and shoulder decorated with impressed/incised motifs. Type 1C: Medium globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim. Type 1Ca: Large globular bowl. Almost spherical body. Flaring rim with pointed lip. Type 1Cb: Medium globular bowl. Body spherical, upper part truncated conical. Everted outcurving restricted rim. Type 1D: Medium-sized globular bowl. Straight outturned rim. Type 1E: Large globular bowl. Almost spherical body. Everted outcurving restricted rim, flattened on top. Type 1Ea(?): Large globular bowl of unknown type and shape Type 1F: Carinated globular bowl. Upper body truncated conical, lower body hemispherical. Everted straight restricted rim, rounded on top. Type 1G: Large restricted slightly pear-shaped globular vessels with incised-and-pricked decoration (asymmetrically opposed hanging and standing curved arches, plain or filled-in, on plain or filled-in background) on upper body; lower body cord-marked. Type 1Ga: Large restricted globular vessels with short everted rims, upper part of body decorated with incised curvilinear or geometric motifs; body below finely cord-marked. Type 1H: Very large restricted globular or slightly pear-shaped vessels, cord-marked throughout. Type 1Ha: Very large restricted globular bowl with everted outcurving rim corner articulation, cordmarked throughout. Type 1I: Large restricted slightly flattened globular vessel with incised-and-pricked decoration (standing empty pointed arches on empty background) on upper body; lower body cord-marked. Type 1Ia: Large to very large restricted moderately flattened globular vessel with incised-and-pricked decoration (standing empty curved arches on empty

2.4 Pot Dimension Abbreviations The abbreviations for pot dimensions vary depending on the source of the pots themselves. For pots excavated at Khok Charoen III and IV, these abbreviations are: H = height. Hr = height of rim (from top) Hc = height of carination or shoulder (from bottom) Hf = height of foot W = width Wr = width at rim Wn = width at neck Wm = maximum width Wtf = width at top of foot (where foot meets body) Wbf = width at base of foot On = narrowest opening (i.e. inside neck or rim) Thw = wall thickness Wgt= weight in grams. For pots excavated at Khok Charoen II, the only dimensions generally given are: H = Height Wr = width at rim W or Wm = width Wgt = weight in grams. All other dimensions are in centimetres. NB: to give a rough idea of the maximum size (height or width, as the case may be) of these vessels in the context of Thai prehistoric pottery, the comparative terms "small" (up to 10 cm), "medium" (10-15 cm), "large" (15-30 cm), "very large" (30-50 cm) and "huge" (50+ cm) are used in their summary description throughout the catalogue. 2.5 The Pot Typology The pots are grouped into the major classes, 1 to 8, depending on size and external shape. Each class is subdivided into type and subtypes according to variations in details of the general shape. The definition of the classes and sub-types is given in the following.

9

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand background) on upper body; lower body cord-marked. Type 1Ib: Large restricted globular bowl, everted outcurving plain rim; pointed lip decorated with a continuous row (about 200) of small impressed notches. Surface treatment of body not known. (Type not illustrated.) Type 1J: Large restricted slightly flattened globular vessel with high everted outcurving rim of about 1/4 the height of entire pot and incised-and-pricked decoration (standing empty curved arches on partly empty background) on upper body; lower body cordmarked. Type 1Ja: Very large to huge restricted globular vessels with high everted outcurving rim of only about 1/6 the height of entire pot; cord-marked throughout. Type 1Jb: Very large restricted slightly pear-shaped globular vessel with high everted straight rim of about 1/6 the height of entire pot and incised-and-pricked decoration (standing empty arches on empty background) on upper body; lower body cord-marked. Type 1Jc: Large restricted globular bowl, everted straight rim, stepped outside. Surface treatment of body not known. Type 1K: Huge globular bowl. Spherical body, everted straight restricted rim, rounded on top. Type 1Ka: Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. Type 1Kb: Large restricted spherical vessels with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim; deep groove at rim/body juncture. (Type not illustrated.) Type 1L: Large restricted flattened globular vessels with high direct collar-rim and incised-and-pricked decoration on both rim and upper body (rim: symmetrically opposed hanging and standing filled-in arches on empty background with filled-in lentilshaped inserts; upper body: filled-in ovals, curvilinear motifs or the "windmill"-motif on empty background; sometimes a band below with filled-in standing low curved arches or lentil-shaped motifs on empty background); lower body cord-marked. Type 1M: Very large restricted elongated pear-shaped vessels with low everted straight rim on horizontal shoulder platform; incised-and-pricked decoration (symmetrically opposed hanging and standing filled-in arches on empty background with filled-in lentilshaped inserts) on upper quarter of body; lower 3/4 cord-marked. Type 1Ma: Very large restricted elongated pearshaped vessels with everted straight rim and rounded shoulder; incised-and-pricked decoration (symmetrically opposed hanging and standing filled-in curved arches on empty background with filled-in oval inserts or other filled-in geometrical forms on empty background) on upper third, or less, of body; remainder cord-marked. Type 1Mb: Very large restricted gourd-shaped vessel with low but large everted straight rim, almost horizontal shoulder platform and sharp carination;

between shoulder and the onset of lower globular part of body incised-and-pricked decoration in the form of two large horizontally rectangular fields filled-in "windmill"-like motifs on empty background; lower body cord-marked. (Type not illustrated.) Type 1N: Very large to huge restricted pear-shaped vessel with elongated vertical direct rim and incisedand-pricked decoration on rim, shoulder and upper body (rim and shoulder: bands of zigzag-lines, upper body: filled-in standing curved arches on empty background or different geometrical forms); lower body cord-marked. Type 1Na: Very large to huge restricted pear-shaped vessel with elongated vertical direct rim (?) and incised-and-pricked decoration on rim and shoulder (rim: wide filled-in bands, shoulder: symmetrically opposed hanging and standing filled-in low curved arches on empty background with filled-in diamondshaped inserts); body below shoulder cord-marked. Type 1Nb: Very large to huge restricted pear-shaped vessel, elongated rim with outside bulbous pointed upright lip. Ochre ware, burnished inside and outside. Six incised horizontal grooves inside upper part of rim, from top to 4 cm below. Rim outside plain to shoulder 11 cm below top. Body from shoulder down coarsely (4:10) diagonally cord-marked (left leaning). Type 1Nc: large restricted pear-shaped bowl with upwards curved direct rim, pointed on top 2.5.2 Class 2: Restricted globular or carinated bowls with ring foot Type 2A: Small globular bowl with ring-foot. Body slightly flattened spherical. Rim only slightly everted (almost vertical), rounded lip. Ring-foot everted, rounded base, worked out of lower body. Type 2Aa: Small ring-footed globular bowl. Spherical body. Wide mouth, small flaring rim. Type 2Ab: Medium-sized ring-footed vessel. Body almost spherical with slight carination at equator. Straight upturned direct rim, rounded lip. Ring-foot truncated conical with rounded base, added on to bottom of bowl after cord-marking. Type 2Ac: Large restricted globular bowl, slightly upturned direct rim with pointed lip. Low ring-foot. Buff ware. Inside burnished, outside (and inside rim to 0.5 cm below top) covered with brick-red slip. Type 2B: Large or very large restricted globular vessels with conical shoulder part, almost horizontal rim platform and high direct collar-rim. Incised-andpricked decoration on shoulder (alternate square and horizontally rectangular fields filled with the "windmill"- and the "Opposed Human Figure"-motif [Higham 2004] or only the latter); lower body cordmarked. Ring-foot. Type 2C: Very large restricted spherical vessel with vertical direct collar-rim and incised-and-pricked decoration on rim (symmetrically opposed filled-in arches on empty background with filled-in lentilshaped inserts) and upper third of body (asymmetrically opposed "Opposed Human Figures" on empty background, with band of filled-in standing 10

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots arches on empty background below); lower 2/3 of body cord-marked. Added ring-foot. Type 2Ca: Very large restricted cylindrical vessel with vertical direct collar-rim, narrow near-horizontal rim platform. Rim plain; incised-and-pricked decoration on upper 2/3 of body (geometricalised empty "Opposed Human Figures"-motifs on filled-in background, on two superimposed registers); lower third of body cordmarked. Ring-foot.

truncated body, upturned rounded rim, conical truncated foot. Type 4Ca: Medium footed bowl. Body shallow hemispherical inside with an additional dish-like depression in the centre of the bottom; outside carinated to mark the beginning of a slightly convex and slightly inverted rim. Wide convex foot with down-turned rounded base. Type 4D: Medium-sized footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. Type 4Da: Large footed bowl. Hemispherical shallow body. Slightly inturned rim. Foot conical or modified conical form. Type 4E: Footed bowl. Shallow near-hemispheric body. Up- and incurving rim, marked by a rounded carination. Truncated conical slightly convex foot. Type 4Ea: Footed bowl. Shallow dish-like hemispherical body. Upturned rim with bulbous lip. Truncated conical foot with slightly everted rounded base. Type 4Eb: Footed bowl. Truncated conical body. Upturned rim, rounded on top. Flaring truncated conical foot. Type 4Ec: Medium-sized footed bowl. Convex truncated shallow conical body. Up- and in-turned rim. Concave truncated conical foot. Type 4Ed: Large footed bowl. Slightly convex truncated shallow conical body. Very high up- and inturned concave rim. Foot cylindrical on flat almost horizontal rim as base. Type 4F: Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical shallow body. Up- and slightly inturned rim, flattened on top. Foot truncated conical with out-turned base. Type 4Fa: Large footed bowl with shallow bowl, vertical slightly incurving rim forming a soft carination and small outcurving lip. Foot presumably low and wide. Body (and foot?) cord-marked, top of rim (and inside body?) covered with red slip. (Type not illustrated.) Type 4Fb: Medium footed bowl with shallow bowl and vertical slightly outcurving rim forming a moderate carination. Body cord-marked from carination down. Foot 1/3 of body height. Type 4G: Footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly convex and flaring. Type 4Ga: Large footed bowl with deep bowl and slightly incurving rim with further incurving rounded lip. Body cord-marked. Foot 1/3 of body height. Type 4Gb: Footed bowl. Medium deep truncated conical almost hemispherical body. Truncated conical foot. Parts of body vertically cord-marked. Type 4Gc: Medium/small shallow almost dish-like ring-footed bowl. Direct rim. Foot very low and narrow. Body cord-marked. Type 4Gd: Small to medium footed bowl. Up- and slightly inturned rim, forming a carination. Body truncated conical or hemispherical. Foot almost cylindrical. Type 4H: Footed bowl. Shallow curved body. Rounded incurving rim, rounded lip. Rounded everted outcurving foot, rounded base.

2.5.3 Class 3: Slightly restricted globular or carinated bowls or dishes Type 3A: Very large globular bowl, inverted direct rim covered with red slip. Body vertically cord-marked. Type 3Aa: Medium to large globular bowl, slightly convex inverted direct rim covered with red slip. Body vertically cord-marked. Type 3Ab: Medium to large truncated flattened globular bowl, inverted direct rim covered with red slip. Body plain. Type 3B: Medium to large globular bowl, softly everted direct rim, sometimes covered with red slip, continuous with body outside and slightly concave inside. Body cord-marked below rim. Type 3Ba: Large to very large globular bowl, outcurving direct rim. Rim and body plain. Type 3C: Small globular bowl. Hemispherical body. Direct rim, slightly flattened on top. Type 3Ca: Small globular bowl. Heavy spherical body. Slightly inturned rim producing a small carination; rim pointed on top, very slightly rounded. Type 3D: restricted bowl. Body elongated pear-shaped with slightly bulbous direct rim, pointed on top. Type 3Da: Small heavily hemispherical bowl. Very slightly out-turned direct rim, pointed on top. Body from 2.5 cm below rim finely (6-7:10) cord-marked vertically. Type 3E: Small shallow bowl. Direct rim at carination. Type 3Ea: Small shallow dish. Body shallow spherical segment with vertical incurving unrestricted rim. 2.5.4 Class 4: Footed (pedestal) bowls Type 4A: Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. Type 4Aa: Large footed bowl. Upturned almost direct rounded rim. Nearly hemispherical body. Relatively small foot with out-turned rim. Type 4Ab: Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly concave. Type 4Ac: Footed bowl. Straight conical truncated shallow body. Upturned rounded rim flattened on top. Foot straight conical truncated. Type 4Ad: Medium-sized footed bowl. Hemispherical body with inturned rim. Broad concave foot with small out-turned vertical rim. Type 4B: Large footed bowl, relatively low but wide truncated conical body with very high upturned but also truncated conical upturned rim. Type 4C: Large footed bowl. Straight conical 11

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand Type 4I: Very large footed bowl with almost hemispherical shallow body, vertical slightly inverted direct rim and high pedestal foot about half the height of entire pot; body cord-marked. (Type not illustrated.) Type 4Ia: Very large to huge footed bowl with shallow bowl, vertical pointed direct rim and high pedestal foot about half the height of the entire vessel; plain. (Type not illustrated.) Type 4J: Large footed bowl. Hemispherical body. Slightly inverted direct rim, pointed but with rounded edge. Large, slightly concave flaring foot. Type 4Ja: Footed bowl. Funnel-shaped body. Vertical incurving rim, top slightly inverted, rounded lip. Foot concave flaring. Type 4K: Large to very large footed bowls with shallow undecorated bowl covered with dark red slip inside and outside. High and wide pedestal feet, outside also covered with dark red slip, with incised-andpricked decoration (upper part: filled-in rows; middle part: filled-in symmetrically opposed hanging and standing flat curved arches on empty background with filled-in lentil-shaped inserts; lower part: filled-in standing curved arches on empty background or similar arrangements). Type 4Ka: Large footed bowl, Body shallow, slightly concave or hemispherical. Rim upturned. Foot cylindrical or conical. May have red slip on outside. Type 4L: Very large footed bowl with shallow bowl, vertical incurving unrestricted rim and high pedestal foot, presumably about half the height of the entire vessel; probably plain. (Type not illustrated.) Type 4M: Large footed bowl with shallow bowl, slightly incurving rim with "nail-shaped" lip and pedestal foot of unknown height Type 4N: Large footed bowl with very shallow bowl, direct rim, "nail-shaped" lip with incised decoration on top; pedestal foot probably higher than half the height of the entire vessel. Type 4O: Very (?) large footed bowl with shallow bowl, vertical outcurving unrestricted rim, rounded lip; pedestal foot of unknown height. (does not occur in Khok Charoen IV). (Type not illustrated.)

bowl with vertical direct rim. Body cord-marked from 1-2 cm below rim down. (Type not illustrated.) Type 6B: Large unrestricted bowl with vertical direct rim; upper body almost cylindrical, lower body hemispherical. Body cord-marked throughout, inside possibly burnished. (Type not illustrated.) Type 6D: Large unrestricted deep vertically semielliptical bowl with pre-fired circular hole at bottom. Vertical direct rim. Body inside polished, outside cordmarked. Type 6Da: Large unrestricted deep inverted conical bowl with pre-fired circular hole at bottom. Very slightly everted direct rim with small carination/ shoulder underneath. Body inside polished, outside cord-marked from below shoulder down. Type 6Db: Large slightly restricted spherical bowl with pre-fired circular hole at bottom. Everted rim, marked inside body by a slight carination. Red slip on top of rim. Body inside polished, outside cord-marked. (Only found in Khok Charoen II and IV.) Type 6Dc: Very large unrestricted deep hemispherical bowl with cylindrical upper body. Pre-fired hole in round bottom. Direct vertical rim with slight carination/shoulder underneath. Red slip on flat top and outside rim. Body inside smoothed, outside cordmarked. (Only found in Khok Charoen II and not illustrated.)

2.5.5 Class 5: Unrestricted flat-bottomed bowls or dishes

Type 8A: Very large restricted composite tetrapod

Type 5A: Large shallow bowls, direct rim, hemispherical truncated body and flat bottom, decorated with an appliqué (or raised) band a few cm below rim. (Type not illustrated.) Type 5B: Small bowl with flat base. Body truncated hemispherical with everted slightly outcurving direct rim, rounded on top. Base slightly concave. Type 5C: Small shallow bowl with flat base. Dish-like body with everted direct rim, rounded on top. Base perfectly flat.

2.6 Comparison of Some Photographs and Line Drawings of Khok Charoen Pots

2.5.7 Class 7: Carinated unrestricted bowls Type 7A: Large restricted carinated bowl with short everted straight rim; shoulder decorated with a continued incised zig-zag line on empty background. Shallow lower body plain. Type 7B: Footed bowl (bowl only). Carinated deep bowl. Shallow dish-like body. High concave rim. Form of foot not known (presumably truncated conical with outcurve base). Type 7C: Footed carinated deep bowl. High concave rim. 2.5.8 Class 8: Very large tetrapod vessels vessel.

The following four examples in Diagram 2.3 below, show the way in which the pots could be depicted, either by photograph or by line drawing. Examination of the examples will show that both methods have their benefits and disadvantages. Photographs show the actual state of the vessel and its actual shape, but the decoration is often difficult to determine with certainty; line drawings show the decoration quite well, but the state and shape of the vessel may be idealized. On balance, line drawings are to be preferred in cases where comparisons of pots are to be made. In the tables of pot types, line drawings have been used exclusively.

2.5.6 Class 6: Unrestricted heavy thick-walled bowls and dishes (6A-6C) and urn-like vessels with circular hole in bottom (6D) Type 6A: Huge unrestricted almost hemispherical 12

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Pot type 8A, KC III, Burial 9, Find 7, photograph before excavation and line drawing after reassembly

Pot type 4K, KC IV, Vessel cluster 6, Pot A, photograph and line drawing

Pot type 4Ea, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 20, photograph and line drawing

Pot type 1J, KC IV, Vessel cluster 1, Pot B, photograph and line drawing

Diagram 2.3, Comparison of some photographs and line drawings of Khok Charoen pots

13

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

2.7 Tables of Class 1 Pots Table 2.1, Khok Charoen IV and II Type 1A to 1Aa pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, UCB, Find 2

1A

(ex Pot "B") Medium globular bowl Type 1A. Spherical body with slight carination. Everted straight restricted rim, slightly flattened on top. Buff ware, dark in break, orange surface. Plain surface throughout, outside lightly burnished (?). H: 10.5; Hr: 1.5; Hc: 7.5; Wr: 10.5; Wn: 9.6; Wc: 12.6; Wm: 13.1; On: 8.2; Thw: 0.4-0.5; Wgt: 440.

Pot Type 1A, KC IV, UCB, 2

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 15 Large globular bowl Type 1Aa. Spherical, very slightly pearshaped body. Flaring rim, pointed lip. Ochre ware. Rim inside and outside and upper body to 3 cm below rim covered with dark red slip. From 3 cm below rim downward body finely (6:10) vertically cord-marked. . H: 16.6; Hr: 2; Wr: 13.6; Wn: 11.3; Wm: 19.6; On: 9.6; Thw: 0.40.8; Wgt: 930.

1Aa

Pot Type 1Aa, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 15 Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 5, E5, Pot “C” Pot "C": Medium globular bowl Type 1Aa. Spherical body, everted straight rim. Orange ware, dark in break. Plain but burnished inside body and rim, outside rim and body to 2.2 cm below rim; from there on medium (4.5:10) cord-marked, regularly vertically slightly leaning to right.

1Aa

H: 12.5; Hr: 2.2; Wr: 12.8; Wn: 10.8; Wm: 13.8; On: 9.3; Thw: 0.4-0.7; Wgt: 500. Pot Type 1Aa, KC IV, NAB 5, “C” Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 26, F5, Pot “62” Pot "62": Large globular bowl Type 1Aa. Very slightly pearshaped body, everted straight restricted rim, rounded on top. Rim and upper body plain, lower body from equator down crudely (3:10) but regularly vertically cord-marked (this being the only such pot in Khok Charoen where cord-marking begins at mid-body rather than on shoulder or below rim).

1Aa

H: 14.2; Hr: 2.3; Wr: 11; Wn: 10; Wm: 17.4; On: 8.4; Thw: 0.50.7; Wgt: 635. Pot Type 1Aa, KC IV, NAB 26, “62”

14

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 4, Find 1, Pot 9

1Aa

Large globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. H: 17.0; Wr: 12.4; W: 19.0.

Pot Type 1Aa, KC II, Burial 4, Pot 9 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 15, Pot 15

1Aa

Medium globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. H: 10.5; Wr: 13.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1Aa, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 15 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 3, Pot 25

1Aa

Medium globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. H: 11.9; Wr: 13.0; W: - .

Pot Type 1Aa, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 25

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 28, Find 3, Pot 110

1Aa

Medium globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. H: 9.00; Wr: 12.2; W: -. Pot Type 1Aa, KC II, Burial 28, Pot 110

15

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 28, Find 6, Pot 113

1Aa

Large globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. H: -; Wr: 14.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1Aa, KC II, Burial 28, Pot 113 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 32, Find 6, Pot 138

1Aa

Medium globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. H: -; Wr: 14.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1Aa, KC II, Burial 32, Pot 138

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35 B/C, Find 11, Pot 160

1Aa

Medium globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1Aa, KC II, Burial 35 B/C, Pot 160

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 2, Pot 179

1Aa

Large globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. H: -; Wr: 28.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1Aa, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 179

16

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 7, Pot 211 Small globular bowl, spherical, very slightly pear shaped body. H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

1Aa Pot Type 1Aa, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 211

17

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.2, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 1Ab pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 9, E8, Pot “1450” Medium globular bowl Type 1Ab. Body almost spherical inside, outside slight carination at shoulder. Everted straight restricted rim, tapering off to a pointed edge. Buff ware. Traces of red slip inside rim, outside plain. Body very faintly cord-marked from rim down, seemingly regularly vertically but too faint to see whether finely or medium.

1Ab

Pot Type 1Ab, KC III, NAB 9, “1450”

H (est.): 9; Hr: 1.3; Hc (est.): 5.5; Wr: 11; Wn: 9.4; Wc/m: 11.8; On: 8; Thw: 0.5-0.6. Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP, Pot “1139a”

1Ab

Small globular bowl, spherical body, flaring rim.

Pot Type 1Ab, KC III, SUP, “1139a” Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP, Pot “1527”

1Ab

Medium globular bowl, spherical body, flaring rim.

Pot Type 1Ab, KC III, SUP, “1527” Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 16, G6, Pot “1629”

1Ab

Small globular bowl Type 1Ab. Slightly flattened spherical body. Low everted outcurving restricted rim, pointed on top. Buff/ochre ware. Rim inside covered with red slip, outside plain. Body from rim down finely (5:10) but partly only faintly cord-marked. Pot Type 1Ab, KC III, NAB 16, “1629”

H (est.): 7.8; Hr: 1; Wr: 10; Wn: 9.2; Wm: 10.7; On: 8.4; Thw (est.): 0.3-0.4. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 10 Medium globular bowl Type 1Ab. Spherical body. Flaring rim with pointed lip. Buff ware. Rim plain. Body from 0.5 cm below rim downward finely (6:10) vertically cord-marked.

1Ab

H (approximate only because of missing bottom): 13.5; Hr: 1.8; Wr: 12; Wn: 10; Wm: 14.5; On: 8.5; Thw: 0.4-0.6; Wgt: 300.

Pot Type 1Ab, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 10

18

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 1, E4, “2187” Large globular bowl Type 1Ab. Wide spherical/ellipsoid body, restricted everted rim rounded on top. Buff-ochre ware. Body below rim very coarsely (2.5:10) cord-marked, vertical to shoulder and criss-cross fashion below.

1Ab

H: 14.4; Hr: 2.5; Wr: 19.3; Wn: 17; Wm: 22; On: 15; Thw: 0.6-0.8; Wgt: 400. Pot Type 1Ab, KC IV, NAB 1, “2187” Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 20, F3, Pot “C1” Pot "C1": Large globular bowl Type 1Ab. Flattened spherical body, everted straight restricted rim with nail-head top. Dark buff ware. Body inside, rim inside and outside burnished. Body below rim regularly vertically medium (4:10) cord-marked (bottom missing).

1Ab

H (est.): 16; Hr: 3; Wr: 17; Wn: 14.8; Wm: 21.1; On: 13; Thw: 0.5-0.7; Wgt: 120.

Pot Type 1Ab, KC IV, NAB 20, “C1” Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 22, F4, Pot “B2” Pot "B2": Medium globular bowl Type 1Ab. Slightly flattened spherical body, everted straight restricted rim, flattened on top. Buff ware, grey in break. Rim plain; body below rim regularly medium (4:10) cordmarked, slightly left-leaning vertical.

1Ab Pot Type 1Ab, KC IV, NAB 22, “B2”

H: 12.8; Hr: 2; Wr: 12.5; Wn: 11.6; On: 10; Thw: 0.3-0.5; Wgt: 300. Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 6, E5, Pot “D” Pot "D": Medium globular bowl Type 1Ab. Spherical body, everted straight rim. Dark ochre ware, almost black in break. Plain; rim inside and outside burnished. Body from beginning of rim down cord-marked (4:10), regularly vertically until mid-body, from there on more and more cross-corded.

1Ab

H: 14.4; Hr: 2.2; Wr: 14; Wn: 12.4; Wm: 16.9; On: 11; Thw: 0.3-0.6; Wgt: 560. Pot Type 1Ab, KC IV, NAB 6, “D” Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 24, F4, Pot “F” Pot "F": Medium globular bowl Type 1Ab. Spherical body, everted straight restricted rim, pointed on top. Buff ware, dark brown in break. Rim inside covered with red slip, outside plain. Body outside finely (5:10) cord-marked, mainly vertically but with patches of cross-cording at mid-body and on bottom. A fine incised straight horizontal line on neck and two irregular wavy horizontal lines on shoulder over cordmarkings (unique in Khok Charoen).

1Ab

Pot Type 1Ab, KC IV, NAB 24, “F”

H: 11.5; Hr: 1.7; Wr: 12; Wn: 10.5; Wm: 14.8; On: 9.2; Thw: 0.2-0.5; Wgt: 400.

19

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 19 Medium globular bowl Type 1Ab. Spherical body. Everted outcurving restricted rim, pointed lip. Orange ware, buff in break. Body cordmarked (3.5-10) vertically with slight inclination to left on top, straight down to bottom, at centre of which it becomes criss-crossed.

1Ab

H: 12.2; Hr: 2.2; Wr: 13.3; Wn: 11.3; Wm: 13.7; On: 9.4; Thw: 0.4-0.9; Wgt: 700. Pot Type 1Ab, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 19 Khok Charoen II, Burial 33, Find 1, Pot 140

1Ab

Medium globular bowl, spherical body, flaring rim. H: 14.4; Wr: 14.0; W: 17.4.

Pot Type 1Ab, KC II, Burial 33, Pot 140

Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 10, Pot 159

1Ab

Medium globular bowl, spherical body, flaring rim. H: -; Wr: 14.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1Ab, KC II, Burial 35 B/C, Pot 159 Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 6, Pot 194

1Ab

Medium globular bowl, spherical body, flaring rim. H: 10.0; Wr: 11.8; W: 12.4.

Pot Type 1Ab, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 194

20

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.3, Khok Charoen IV and II Type 1B pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 9

1B

Carinated globular bowl Type 1B. Hemispherical body. Everted straight restricted rim, straight shoulder. Light buff ware. Traces of red slip inside rim. Rim outside plain, shoulder horizontally smoothed (with a c. 0.2 cm wide spatula?). Body below carination finely (7:10) vertically cord-marked. H: 11.3; Hr: 2.5; Hc: 7; Wr: 13; Wn: 11.8; Wc/m: 15; On: 10.3; Thw: 0.40.7; Wgt: 400. Pot Type 1B, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 9

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 11 Carinated globular bowl Type 1B. Hemispherical body. Everted straight restricted rim. Straight shoulder. Light buff ware. Red slip inside rim. Rim outside smoothed, shoulder smoothed and superficially burnished horizontally, leaving irregular bands of 0.25 cm width, the lowest of which had been applied on top of cord-markings, showing that the pot was cord-marked before shoulder was burnished. Body cord-marked (6:10) vertically irregularly from carination downwards.

1B

Pot Type 1B, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 11

H: 10.5; Hr: 1.5; Hc: 7; Wr: 12; Wn: 10.6; Wc/m: 12.8; On: 9.4; Thw: 0.30.6; Wgt: 400.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 17 Carinated globular bowl Type 1B. Hemispherical lower body, truncated conical upper body. Everted direct rim with pointed lip. Light ochre ware. Dark red slip inside rim. Upper body from rim to shoulder (carination) plain but smoothed horizontally with 0.2-0.3 cm-wide tool (spatula, bamboo stick?), resulting in irregular horizontal bands interspersed with traces of cord-marking, meaning presumably that the smoothing was done over the cord-marking. Body below carination cord-marked (5:10), vertically (slightly inclined to right) throughout except for centre of bottom.

1B

Pot Type 1B, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 17

H: 12.4; Hr: 2.5; Hc: 7.9; Wr: 13.4; Wn: 12; Wm: 14.6; Thw: 0.4-0.8; Wgt: 600.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 8, Find 4, Pot 38

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: 8.5; Wr: 10.6; W: 12.4.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 8, Pot 38

21

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 9, Find 1, Pot 41

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 9, Pot 41 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 9, Find 3, Pot 43

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: 12.5; Wr: 12.5; W: 16.0.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 9, Pot 43 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 16, Find 3, Pot 55

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: 11.0; Wr: 12.4; W: 14.2.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 16, Pot 55 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 26, Find 4, Pot 106

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: 9.9; Wr: 12.3; W: -.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 26, Pot 106

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 29, Find 4, Pot 118

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: 10.3; Wr: 13.5; W: 14.4. Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 29, Pot 118

22

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35A, Find 1, Pot 146 Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim.

1B

H: 16.0; Wr: 14.0; W: 7.2.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 35A, Pot 146 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35A, Find 2, Pot 147

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: 13.5; Wr: 11.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 35A, Pot 147 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 12, Pot 161

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: -; Wr: 13.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 35 B/C, Pot 161 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 13, Pot 162

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: -; Wr: 13.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 35 B/C, Pot 162 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 3, Pot 180

1B

Carinated globular bowl, hemispherical body, everted straight restricted rim. H: -; Wr: 14.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1B, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 180

23

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.4, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 1Ba to IBc pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 17, G6, Pot ”1637”

1Ba

Pot Type 1Ba, KC III, NAB 17, “1637”

Pot "1637": Small globular bowl Type 1Ba. Spherical body, everted straight restricted rim, pointed on top. Buff ware. Body inside burnished. Rim inside and outside plain. Upper body (i.e. between rim and mid-body) plain but smoothed in such a way that fine horizontal lines are clearly visible, presumably on purpose. In about the middle of this smoothed upper body, 12 mm below rim, there is a 5 mm-wide appliqué band, from 7 mm below which downwards the body is finely (5.5:10) vertically cordmarked. H: 6.5; Hr: 0.8; Wr/m: 10; Wn: 9; On: 7.6; Thw: 0.5-0.9; Wgt: 100. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 17, E8, Pot ”1139”

1Ba

Small globular bowl Type 1Ba. Spherical body, everted straight restricted rim. Buff ware. Badly weathered traces of red slip inside rim, outside plain. From below rim to shoulder a series of 7-8 horizontal (sometimes overlapping) 2 mm-wide smoothed bands. Below this traces of fine (6:10) cord-markings, regularly vertically but patchy. Pot Type 1Ba, KC III, NAB 17, “1139”

H: 7.2; Hr: 1.3; Wr/m: 9.3; Wn: 8.1; On: 6.8; Thw: 0.5-0.6; Wgt: 150. Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 5, Find 4

1Ba

Globular bowl Type 1Ba. Slightly flattened spherical body with soft carination. Out-turned straight rim. Buff ware. Inside rim covered with red slip and burnished/polished. Outside body finely cord-marked (5.5:10). Three smoothed bands above shoulder, the lowest covered with red slip. H: 13; Hr: 1.4; Hc: 9.2; Wr: 15.2; Wn: 13.3; Wm: 18.5; On: 12; Thw: 0.50.3; Wgt: 500.

Pot Type 1Ba, KC III, Burial 5, Find 4 Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 6

1Ba

Globular bowl Type 1Ba. Slightly carinated body. Slightly curved outturned rim. Buff ware. Outside body coarsely (3.5:10) cord-marked from just below rim down to bottom. Narrow smoothed band on shoulder. Inside rim covered with red slip and burnished. Traces of red slip also on outside from shoulder up, on smoothed and cord-marked parts alike. Lower part of body shows irregular dark patches (outside only); at one spot outer skin of blackened ware has flaked off, revealing a less dark patch. H: 12.8; Hr: 1.8; Hc: 9.2; Wr: 13.2; Wn: 11.3; Wm: 15.8; On: 9.8; Thw: 0.80.4; Wgt: 685. Pot Type 1Ba, KC III, Burial 6, Find 6

24

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 14 Slightly carinated globular bowl Type 1Ba. Spherical body with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim with pointed lip. Buff ware. Dark red slip inside rim, outside rim plain but smoothed. Body below rim cordmarked (6:10), straight vertically to about mid-body, criss-crossed below. On and above shoulder 3 horizontal smoothed bands (over cord-marking) of c. 0.15 cm width, the lowest one covered with dark red slip.

1Ba

Pot Type 1Ba, KC IV, Burial 8 Find 14

H: 13.8; Hr: 1,8; Hc: 10.4; Wr: 13.6; Wn: 10.5; Wm: 15.2; On: 9; Thw: 0.30.5; Wgt: 420. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 14, Find 1 Globular bowl Type 1Ba. Body inside flattened spherical, outside with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim, rounded lip. Ochre ware. Inside rim shows traces of dark red slip, outside rim plain. Body from base of rim down finely (5:10) cord-marked, vertically (very slight inclination to right) and regularly. Five arrow horizontal smoothed bands (over cord-marking) on shoulder, the uppermost at beginning of rim, the lowest on carination and the other three at regular distances in between; lowest band covered with dark red slip.

1Ba

Pot Type 1Ba, KC IV, Burial 14, Find 1

H: 11.8; Hr: 1.8; Hc/s: 8; Wr: 17; Wn: 14.8; Wm: 17.8; On: 13.2; Thw: 0.30.7; Wgt: 510. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 7, Pot 84 Globular bowl. Body inside flattened spherical, outside with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim, rounded lip.

1Ba

H:13.0; Wr: 13.0: W: 16.0.

Pot Type 1Ba, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 84 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 10, Pot 87 Globular bowl. Body inside flattened spherical, outside with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim, rounded lip.

1Ba

H: 11.0; Wr: 16.3: W: 17.5.

Pot Type 1Ba, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 87 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 3, Pot 207 Globular bowl. Body inside flattened spherical, outside with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim, rounded lip.

1Ba

H: 10.2; Wr: -: W: 12.7. Pot Type 1Ba, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 207

25

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 12a, Pot 216 Globular bowl. Body inside flattened spherical, outside with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim, rounded lip.

1Ba

H:-; Wr: -: W: -.

Pot Type 1Ba, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 216 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 12b, Pot 217

1Ba

Globular bowl. Body inside flattened spherical, outside with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim, rounded lip. H: -; Wr: -: W: -. Pot Type 1Ba, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 217 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 42, Find 1, Pot 235 Globular bowl. Body inside flattened spherical, outside with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim, rounded lip.

1Ba

H: 12.6; Wr: 13.2: W: 14.9.

Pot Type 1Ba, KC II, Burial 42, Pot 235 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 2, Pot 236 Globular bowl. Body inside flattened spherical, outside with slight carination at shoulder. Flaring rim, rounded lip.

1Ba

H: 13.6; Wr: 13.1: W: 17.3.

Pot Type 1Ba, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 236 Source: Khok Charoen IV, UCB, Find 4 (xPot "D") Medium globular bowl Type 1Bb. Slightly flattened spherical body. Narrow, almost horizontal shoulder; everted, outcurving, restricted rim flattened on top so as to form an everted rounded lip. Ochre ware with orange surface; large dark patches. Rim and small shoulder-platform plain, body below shoulder/carination finely (5.5:10) vertically cordmarked.

1Bb

Pot Type 1Bb, KC IV, UCB, Find 4

H: 9.1; Hr: 2; Hc: 7; Wr: 12.3; Wn: 10.2; Wc: 11; Wm: 12.8; On: 9; Thw: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 280.

26

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB, Find 19 (really "E7") Pot "2330": Large globular bowl Type 1Bb. Almost spherical body, small near-horizontal shoulder, straight everted rim with rounded top. Totally charred. Outside rim and shoulder apparently plain. Body below shoulder regularly medium (4:10) cord-marked in high relief.

1Bb

H: 14.2; Hr: 2; Hc: 10.6; Wr: 15; Wn: 13.5; Wm: 17; On: 10.6; Thw: 0.6-1.1; Wgt: 470.

Pot Type 1Bb, KC IV, NAB, Find 19 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 33, Find 5, Pot 144

1Bc

Medium restricted bowl. Hemispherical body, vertical direct low rim, truncated with slight carination at conical shoulder. A bull head effigy stuck on one side just below carination. From carination down cordmarked. Inside rim and bull head covered with red slip. Outside rim and shoulder decorated with impressed/incised motifs. H: 8.3; Wr: 10.2; Wm: 13.0; Wgt: 330. . Pot Type 1Bb, KC II, Burial 33, Pot 144

27

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.5, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 1C pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 1, Find 4 Medium globular bowl Type 1C. Slightly curved out-turned rim. Buff ware. Large black patch on bottom (outside only). Rim inside and outside covered with haematite slip and burnished. Plain raised band on shoulder; body above it also covered with slip and burnished. Body below raised band cord-marked 5:10.

1C

Pot Type 1C, KC III, Burial 1, Find 4

H: 12.5; Hr: 1.6; Hc: 9.3; Wr: 11.2; Wn: 9; Wm: 14.8; On: 7.4; Thw: 0.70.3; Wgt: 360. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 8, E8, Pot “1380-1548” Large globular bowl Type 1C. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim. Buff ware. Inside and outside rim and outside body down to narrow raised band 1.5 cm below neck covered with bright red slip; for another 1.5 cm below raised band outside body simply smoothed and from there on finely (6:10) cord-marked, regularly slightly right leaning.

1C

Pot Type 1C, KC III, NAB 8, “1380-1548”

H: 13.5; Hr: 1.8; Wr: 13; Wn: 11; Wc: 14.5; Wm: 18.5; On: 9.6; Thw: 0.50.6; Wgt: 500. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 1, Find 3 Globular bowl Type 1C. Spherical body. Everted outcurving rim. Small raised ridge on shoulder. Dark buff ware. Rim inside and outside plain to shoulder. From ridge down to bottom orderly cord-marked (6:10).

1C

H: 13.5; Hr: 2; Wr: 12.7; Wn: 11.2; Wm: 16.5; On: 9.5; Thw: 0.4-0.8; Wgt: 640. Pot Type 1C, KC IV, Burial 1, Find 3 Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 15 Globular bowl Type 1C. Spherical, slightly pear-shaped body. Flaring rim with pointed llip. Buff ware. Dark red slip inside and outside rim and outside neck down to shoulder. Raised band at shoulder. Body from 0.5 cm below raised band to bottom cord marked (5.5:10), vertically to slightly below mid-body, criss-crossed below. (Cord-marking was applied after band was raised as at places the latter had also been marked a little).

1C

Pot Type 1C, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 15

H: 13.5; Hr: 2; Hc: 9.5; Wr: 12.3; Wn: 10.2; Wm: 15.5; On: 8.2; Thw: 0.40.8; Wgt: 650. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 13 Globular bowl Type 1C. Spherical body. Flaring rim with pointed lip. Ochre ware. Raised horizontal band on shoulder. Rim inside and outside and upper body down to raised band covered in dark red slip. Body below raised band finely (7:10) vertically cord- marked.

1C

Pot Type 1C, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 13

H: 12; Hr: 1.6; Hc: 8.8; Wr: 10.4; Wn: 8.8; Wc: 12.4; Wm: 13.8; On: 7.4; Thw: 0.3-0.6; Wgt: 440.

28

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, E5, NAB 11, Pot “B2(S)” Pot "B2" (in "S"-baulk): Medium globular bowl Type 1C. Spherical body, becoming truncated conical above shoulder. Low everted straight restricted rim, pointed on top. Ochre ware, brown in break. Rim inside and outside covered with red slip which continues down to appliquéband on shoulder and onto its flat horizontal surface. Body below this band medium (5:10) cord-marked, vertically but very slightly leaning to right.

1C

Pot Type 1C, KC IV, NAB 11, “B2”

H: 12.3; Hr:1.5; Hc: 9.4; Wr: 13; Wn: 11.4; Wc: 13.6; Wm: 15; On: 9.6; Thw: 0.3-0.9; Wgt: 400. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 16, Find 4, Pot 56 Large globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: 13.4; Wr: 11.8; W: 17.0.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 16, Pot 56 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 16, Find 6, Pot 58 Large globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: 13.4; Wr: 11.8; W: 17.0.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 16, Pot 58 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 20, Find 1, Pot 73 Large globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 20, Pot 73

29

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 8, Pot 85 Medium globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 85 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 9, 86 Medium globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 86 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 29, Find 5, Pot 119 Medium globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: 10.8; Wr: -; W: 14.0.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 29, Pot 119 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 10, Pot 188 Large globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: 15.0; Wr: 13.5; W: 18.5.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 188

30

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 1, Pot 189 Large globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: 13.8; Wr: 13.5; W: 17.5

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 189 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 8, Pot 196 Medium globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: 13.5; Wr: 13.2; W: 15.2.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 196 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 6, Pot 210 Medium globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: 10.3; Wr: 12.0; W: 2.6.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 210 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41, Find 15, Pot 232 Large globular bowl. Body slightly flattened spherical, everted outcurving restricted rim.

1C

H: 14.6; Wr: 11.5; W: 16.3.

Pot Type 1C, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 232

31

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.6, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 1Ca to 1Cb pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Khok Charoen III, Burial 1, Find 3

1Ca

Medium globular bowl Type 1Ca. Straight out-turned rim. Buff ware. Large black patch on lower part of body (outside only). Rim inside and outside covered with haematite slip and burnished. Raised band on shoulder with small vertical impressions; upper part of raised band and body above it also covered with slip and burnished. Body below raised band cord-marked 3.5:10. Pot Type 1Ca, KC III, Burial 1, Find 3

H: 11.9; Hr: 1.5; Hc: 8.5; Wr: 11; Wn: 9.6; Wm: 13.5; On: 8.1; Thw: 0.70.4; Wgt: 470. Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 6

1Ca

Large globular bowl Type 1Ca. Almost spherical body. Flaring rim with pointed lip. Ochre ware. Raised band on shoulder with vertical incisions at 0.3 cm intervals. Rim inside and outside and upper body down to raised band covered with dark red slip. Smoothed band of 1 cm with some incised horizontal grooves below raised band. Body below this finely (5:10) vertically cord-marked. H: 16.5; Hr: 2; Hc: 12; Wr: 13; Wm: 18.2; On: 8.8; Thw: 0.5-1; Wgt: 800.

Pot Type 1Ca, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 6 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 1, Find 3, Pot 3 Large globular bowl. Almost spherical body. Flaring rim with pointed lip.

1Ca

H: 12.5; Wr: 12.0; W: 15.5.

Pot Type 1Ca, KC II, Burial 1, Pot 3 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 1, Find 4, Pot 4 Large globular bowl. Almost spherical body. Flaring rim with pointed lip.

1Ca

H: 12.5; Wr: 12.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1Ca, KC II, Burial 1, Pot 4

32

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 15, Pot 164 Large globular bowl. Almost spherical body. Flaring rim with pointed lip.

1Ca

H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1Ca, KC II, Burial 35 B/C, Pot 164 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 5, Pot 169 Large globular bowl. Almost spherical body. Flaring rim with pointed lip.

1Ca

H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1Ca, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 169 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 2, Pot 206 Large globular bowl. Almost spherical body. Flaring rim with pointed lip.

1Ca

H: 13.0; Wr: 11.2; W: 16.2.

Pot Type 1Ca, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 206 Source: Khok Charoen IV, H5, NAB 22, Pot “1379”

1Cb

Pot Type 1Cb, KC IV, NAB 22, “1379”

Large globular bowl Type 1Cb. Body spherical, upper part truncated conical. Everted outcurving restricted rim. Buff ware. Body inside burnished. Rim inside and outside and upper body to shoulder covered with red slip and polished. An appliqué band of 8 mm width on shoulder, impressed vertically in a continuous and regular fashion by a round object (not finger), is also covered with red slip. From this band down the body is finely (5:10) cord-marked, in general vertically but with occasional patches of left-leaning markings. Directly below the appliqué band there are three 3 mm-wide smoothed bands over the cord-marks, the upper-most and the second one next to each-other, whereas there is a small gap between this second and the lowest band leaving the markings visible. H: 13.6; Hr: 1.2; Wr: 11.6; Wn: 9.6; Wc: 13.5; Wm: 16; On: 7.8; Thw: 0.50.8; Wgt: 650.

33

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 3, Find 5 Globular bowl Type 1Cb. Spherical body. Everted outcurving rim. Buff ware. "Pie-crust" appliqué band on shoulder. Body above shoulder and rim inside and outside covered with red slip and burnished. Body below shoulder coarsely but neatly vertically cord-marked (2.5:10); three smoothed horizontal bands just below shoulder. Rim broken off neatly but easily restorable.

1Cb

H: 13.6; Hr: 1.8; Wr: 13.8; Wn: 11.5; Wm: 17.1; On: 9.8; Thw: c. 0.4-0.8; Wgt: 700. Pot Type 1Cb, KC IV, Burial 3, Find 5 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 25, Find 6, Pot 102

1Cb

Large globular bowl. Body shallow hemispherical inside with an additional dish-like depression in the centre of the bottom; outside carinated to mark the beginning of a slightly convex and slightly inverted rim. H: 15.0; Wr: 11.0; W: 16.0.

Pot Type 1Cb, KC II, Burial 25, Pot 102

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 33, Find 2, Pot 141 Large globular bowl. Body spherical, upper part truncated conical. Everted outcurving restricted rim.

1Cb

H: -; Wr: 16.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1Cb, KC II, Burial 33, Pot 141

Illustration 2.6, Khok Charoen III, IV and II, Type 1Ca to 1Cb pots

34

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.7, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 1D pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 5

1D

Large globular bowl Type 1D. Straight out-turned rim. Buff ware. Inside rim covered with red slip and burnished. Outside body coarsely (3.5:10) cord-marked (leaving also many unintentional cord-marks on outside rim). Two smoothed bands below neck, the lower covered by red slip. H: 13.5; Hr: 1.8; Wr: 16.4; Wn: 14; Wm: 17; On: 12.2; Thw: 0.9-0.6; Wgt: 1,050.

Pot Type 1D, KC III, Burial 6, Find 5 Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 5, Find 3 Globular bowl Type 1D. Spherical body. Everted outcurving rim. Light buff ware. Rim smoothed inside and outside. Body from below rim downward coarsely but neatly vertically (slightly left-leaning) cordmarked (3:10); four smoothed horizontal bands over cord-markings between below rim and mid-body, the lowest covered with red slip.

1D

H: 13; Hr: 1.5; Wr: 15; Wn: 12.8; Wm: 17.3; On: 11.2; Thw: c. 0.5-0.7; Wgt: 610.

Pot Type 1D, KC IV, Burial 5, Find 3

Source: Khok Charoen IV, F6, NAB 33, Pot “2240” Pot "2240": Large globular bowl Type 1D. Spherical body, everted straight restricted rim, pointed on top. Ochre ware. Rim inside covered with red slip, outside plain. Body inside burnished, outside from rim down finely (5:10) and regularly cord-marked, vertically but slightly to the left towards the bottom. Three very faint horizontal bands of red slip at about mid-body, directly on cord-marking without smoothing. A faint incised horizontal line at 1 cm below top on outside rim.

1D

H: 14; Hr: 2; Wr: 15; Wn: 12.6; Wm: 15.8; On: 10.6; Thw: 0.3-0.8; Wgt: 560. Pot Type 1D, KC IV, NAB 33, “2240”

35

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 2, Find 1, Pot 6 Large globular bowl. Straight out-turned rim.

1D

H: 15.0; Wr: 14.2; W: 17.6.

Pot Type 1D, KC II, Burial 2, Pot 6 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 3, Find 1, Pot 7

1D

Medium-sized globular bowl. Straight out-turned rim. H: 11.1; Wr: 14.6; W: 14.8.

Pot Type 1D, KC II, Burial 3, Pot 7 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 5, Pot 14

1D

Medium-sized globular bowl. Straight out-turned rim. H: 11.7; Wr: 13.1; W: 13.0.

Pot Type 1D, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 14 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 10, Find 4, Pot 48

1D

Medium-sized globular bowl. Straight out-turned rim. H: 15.0; Wr: 14.2; W: 17.6.

Pot Type 1D, KC II, Burial 10, Pot 48 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 16, Find 5, Pot 57

1D

Medium-sized globular bowl. Straight out-turned rim. H: 9.8; Wr: 12.7; W: 12.5.

Pot Type 1D, KC II, Burial 16, Pot 57

36

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 17, Find 2, Pot 63

1D

Medium-sized globular bowl. Straight out-turned rim. H: -; Wr: 12.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1D, KC II, Burial 17, Pot 63 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 17, Find 3a, Pot 65

1D

Medium-sized globular bowl. Straight out-turned rim. H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1D, KC II, Burial 17, Pot 65 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 25, Find 3, Pot 99

1D

Medium-sized globular bowl. Straight out-turned rim. H: 9.0; Wr: 13.2; W: 12.3.

Pot Type 1D, KC II, Burial 25, Pot 99 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 1, Pot 150

1D

Large globular bowl. Straight out-turned rim. H: 11.0; Wr: 16.7; W: 15.8.

Pot Type 1D, KC II, Burial 35 B/C, Pot 150

37

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.8, Khok Charoen IV and II Type 1E to 1Fb pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 6, Pot “A2”

1E

Large globular bowl Type 1E. Almost spherical body. Everted outcurving restricted rim, flattened on top. Ochre ware, dark brown in break. Rim plain. Body coarsely (3:10) but very regularly cord-marked from 1 cm below neck down, generally vertically but occasionally slightly curved right-leaning. H: 18; Hr: 2.3; Hn (from top): 2; Wr: 14.6; Wn: 11.6; Wm: 20.4; On: 10; Thw: 0.2-0.6; Wgt: 625. Pot Type 1E, KC IV, VCCB 6, “A2“ Source: Khok Charoen IV, UCB 3

1Ea ?

(xPot "C") Large globular bowl of unknown type and shape (possibly Type 1Ea?). Buff ware. Lower body including bottom cord-marked; upper body including rim missing. The only measurement available is Wm: c. 25.

Pot Type 1Ea, KC IV, UCB 3 Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 8, Pot “Aa”

1Ea

Large globular bowl Type 1Ea. Almost spherical body. Everted, outcurving, restricted rim, rounded on top. Ochre ware, orange tinge on surface. Outside body from 0.5 cm below beginning of rim down to and including round bottom, finely (7:10) and very carefully cord-marked, vertically and with hardly any cross-cording. Pot about 90% complete but broken into numerous uniformly small or very small sherds in a pattern suggesting that the pot must have been in situ when broken up. Several breaks in "spider's web" fashion indicate sharp blows from different directions. Sherds were found within a circle of not more than 30 cm and in a maximum of 20 cm in depth.

Pot Type 1Ea, KC IV, VCCB 8, “Aa”

H: 18.4; Hr/n: 2.5; Wr: 17.7; Wn: 14.8; Wm: 21.5; On: 12.8; Thw: 0.7-1; Wgt: 1,150.

38

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, E6, VCCB 1, Pot “A”

1F

Pot "A": Carinated globular bowl Type 1F. Upper body truncated conical, lower body hemispherical. Everted straight restricted rim, rounded on top. Dark ochre ware, darker in break. Rim and upper body to 2 cm below neck plain. Body from there on downwards coarsely (3:10) cord-marked, vertically but slightly leftleaning on upper body and right-leaning below carination.

Pot Type 1F, KC IV, VCCB 1, “A”

H: 12; Hr: 1.2; Hc: 5.6; Wr: 12.6; Wn: 11; Wc/m: 17.3; On: 9.8; Thw: 0.4-1; Wgt: 540. Source: Khok Charoen IV, F4, D.O Pots, Pot “C2”

1F

Pot "C2": Large restricted carinated bowl Type 1F. Lower body hemispherical, upper body slightly convex truncated conical. Everted straight rim. Buff ware, dark grey-brown in break. Medium (5:10) cord-marked throughout from 1 cm below top of rim down, upper body vertical, lower body slightly criss-crossed but generally vertical. Found next to and partly under Pot "C" (VCCB 5), obviously not in situ and not part of this vessel cluster ceramic burial, in {4}. Only 34 small and medium body-sherds and one medium rim-sherd preserved, amounting to about one-quarter of entire vessel.

Pot Type 1F, KC IV, F4, D.O., “C2”

H: 12.4; Hr: 1.8; Hc: 7; Wr: 12; Wn: 10.4; Wc/m: 19; On: 8.4; Thw: 0.4-0.9; Wgt: 350. Source: Khok Charoen IV, F4, D.O Pots, Pot “D”

1F

Pot "D": Restricted carinated bowl Type 1F. Lower body hemispherical, upper body slightly convex truncated conical. Everted straight rim, pointed on top. Buff ware, dark brown in break, heavy. Coarsely (2.5:10) cordmarked throughout from 1 cm below neck down. Only two matching large sherds found, one seemingly near or at left elbow of Burial 6a (if supine position of skeleton is assumed) and the other near Pot "G" (VCCB 7), 1.60 m NE, neither in situ but both in {4}. The origin of the pot is therefore to be sought somewhere W or SW, presumably just outside the excavated area. In addition to these two large sherds which represent about 20% of the entire pot, some small sherds have been found near Pot "G".

Pot Type 1F, KC IV, F4 D.O., “D”

H: 11; Hr: 1.2; Hc: 5; Wr: 12; Wn: 10.4; Wc/m: 14.4; On: 9; Thw: 0.5-0.7; Wgt: 175

39

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, E4, D.O Pots, Pot “D”

1F

Pot "D": Large restricted carinated bowl Type 1F. Lower body shallow hemispherical upper body slightly convex truncated conical. Everted straight rim, slightly rounded on top. Buff ware. Medium (4:10) cord-marked, vertically on upper body, criss-crossed on lower body. Found upright in E-corner of cutting surrounded by {4}, sitting on {5}. Almost complete (only about one-third of rim missing), broken into a great number of small and medium sherds along horizontal circles denoting breakage through compacting.

Pot Type 1F, KC IV, E4, D.O., “D”

H: 12; Hr: 2.8; Hc: 5.5; Wr: 17; Wn: 15; Wc/m: 21; On: 13.2; Thw: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 750.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, F4, D.O Pots, Pot “2405”

1F

Pot "2405": Medium restricted carinated bowl Type1F. Lower body shallow hemispherical, upper body slightly convex truncated conical with a minor bulge 1 cm below base of rim. Everted outcurving rim, rounded on top. Buff ware. Medium (4:10) cord-marked, vertically on upper body, elaborately criss-crossed on lower body. Sherds found in stratified deposits at 30-70 cm b.s. in {4} and {5}, in E-corner of cutting. About two-thirds complete, broken in a number of mainly medium sherds; no signs of an impact.

Pot Type 1F, KC IV, F4, D.O., “2405”

H: 10.2; Hr: 1.2; Hc: 4.4; Wr: 13; Wn: 11.4; Wc/m: 16; On: 10.5; Thw: 0.4-0.6; Wgt: 310.

Khok Charoen II Burial 17, Find 5, Pot 67

1F

Carinated globular bowl. Upper body truncated conical, lower body hemispherical. Everted straight restricted rim, rounded on top. Wr: 16.3; W: 20.7; H: 12.8.

Pot Type 1F, KC II, Burial 17, Pot 67

40

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 10, Pot “D”

1Fa

Slightly carinated large globular bowl Type 1Fa. Lower body hemispherical, upper body truncated conical. Everted, outcurving, restricted rim, rounded horizontal lip. Buff ware. Outside lip and between lip and neck plain with an incised horizontal line below lip and another one at neck, the two being linked by 7 diagonal strokes around neck at irregular intervals. From neck down body cord-marked (6:10) in a somewhat irregular fashion: from neck down to half-way to carination very regularly vertically; from then on to and below carination to bottom, more and more in a criss-crossed fashion. The part of the body above the carination bears a decoration consisting of three pairs of shallow arches incised into the cord-marking, forming at their intersections a rhombic motif; unique for Khok Charoen.

Pot Type 1Fa, KC IV, VCCB 10, “D”

H: 14.5; Hr: 1.7; Hc: 7; Wr: 15.3; Wn: 12.3; Wc/m: 19.5; On: 10.2; Thw: 0.4-0.9; Wgt: 760.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, E6, VCCB 10, Pot “C”

1Fb

Large carinated vessel Type 1Fb. Hemispherical lower body, truncated conical upper body. Everted, straight, restricted rim with outcurving lip, rounded on top. Buff ware. Entire vessel, from below lip down to and including bottom, medium-finely (5:10) vertically cord-marked, very regularly and most carefully applied. This care is particularly visible at neck where a neat row of bead-like impressions, the result of the application of cord-markings at different angles, had been turned into a decorative feature. Only a little more than one-half preserved, broken into numerous mainly medium sherds. H: 24.5; Hr: 1.9; Hc: 16.4; Wr: 16; Wn: 13.8; Wc/m: 32; On: 12.5; Thw: 0.4-0.8; Wgt: 1,200. Pot Type 1Fb, KC IV, VCCB 10, “C”

41

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.9, Khok Charoen IV and II Type 1G to 1Ga pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 1, F6, “B” Pot "B" (Khok Charoen IV, F6): Large restricted globular bowl Type 1G. Body slightly pear-shaped with short everted straight rim, pointed on top. Buff ware, grey in break. Upper body below rim with incised and impressed decoration (asymmetrically opposed hanging and standing empty curved arches on filled-in background); lower body probably cord-marked.

IG

H: c. 23.5; Hr: 2; Wr: 14; Wn: 13; Wm: c. 26.2; On: 10.6; Thw: 0.4-1.

Pot Type 1G, KC IV, SUP 1, “B”

Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 2, F6, “B1” Pot "B1" (Khok Charoen IV, F6): Large restricted globular bowl Type 1G. Body slightly pear-shaped with short everted straight rim, pointed on top. Buff ware. Upper body below rim with incised and impressed decoration consisting of a 2.5 cm wide horizontal band filled with "walking shell"-made zig-zag lines below which are opposed hanging and standing empty curved arches on an empty background; lower body most likely cord-marked.

IG

H: c. 21.2; Hr: 2; Wr: 15; Wn: 13.6; Wm: c. 23.8; On: 11.5; Thw: 0.5-0.9.

Pot Type 1G, KC IV, SUP 2, “B1”

42

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 3, E5, Pot ”X” Pot "X" (Khok Charoen IV, E5): Large restricted globular bowl Type 1Ga. Spherical body with short everted outcurving rim, rounded on top. Ochre ware. Rim and upper body inside and outside covered in red slip. Incised curvilinear decoration on shoulder and uppermost body vaguely reminiscent of the "Opposed Human Figures" motif; body below finely (10:10) cord-marked.

1Ga

H: c. 27.5; Hr: 1.6; Wr: 13.5; Wn: 11.7; Wm: c. 28; On: 12; Thw: c. 0.3-0.8; Wgt: 240.

Pot Type 1Ga, KC IV, SUP 3, “X”

Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 4, F6, Pot “Item 26” Pot "item 26", (Khok Charoen IV, F6): Very large restricted globular bowl Type 1Ga. Spherical body, rim missing (presumably everted outcurving). Dark ochre ware. Incised and impressed decoration on neck (horizontal band filled with vertical "walking shell" impressions), shoulder and uppermost part of body (15 tall stilted arches filled with mainly horizontal "walking shell" impressions standing on a wide horizontal filled-in band on empty burnished ackground), covered with red slip; body below coarsely (4:10) but carefully vertically cordmarked and also covered with red slip.

1Ga

H (without rim): c. 30; Wn: 16.2; Wm: 31.5; On: 15; Thw: 0.3-0.6; Wgt: 225.

Pot Type 1Ga, KC IV, SUP 4, “Item 26”

43

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.10, Khok Charoen IV Type 1H to 1Ha pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 3, F4, Pot “B”

1H

Large globular bowl Type 1H. Spherical body without carination or shoulder. Everted straight restricted rim, pointed on top. Buff ware, greybrown in break, orange surface (wash?). Fine sand temper. From rim down finely (6:10) cord-marked, upper body vertically, from mid-body onwards more cross-corded. Inside body and inside and outside rim plain but carefully smoothed. Pot Type 1H, KC IV, VCCB 3, “B”

H: c. 30; Hr: 1.5; Wr: 21; Wn: 18.5; Wm: c. 35.6; On: 15.4; Thw: 0.4-0.7; Wgt: 460.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, E4, Pot “2188” Pot "2188" (Khok Charoen IV, E4): Very large restricted globular bowl Type 1H. Spherical body with faint carination and everted outcurving rim with horizontal rounded lip. Coarse-grained ochreorange ware containing magnetite grains of up to 2 mm diameter. From below lip down rim, neck and body vertically coarsely (2.5:10) cordmarked.

1H

H: c. 36.5; Hr: 3.5; Hc (from top): 7.5; Wr: 26; Wn: 22; Wc: 31; Wm: c. 42; On: 18.6; Thw: 0.3-1.7.

Pot Type 1H, KC IV, SUP 5, “2188”

44

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 3, F4, Pot “C”

1Ha

Huge globular bowl Type 1Ha. Hemispherical lower and middle body, upper one-third of body truncated conical. Everted outcurving restricted rim with a double S-profile outside, producing a very small shoulder at the base of rim. Buff ware, dark grey-brown in break. Very coarsely (1.5:10) cordmarked from shoulder down, vertically and carefully applied in spite of its coarseness. Found on edge, opening to E, about 10 cm NE of Pot "B".

Pot Type 1Ha, KC IV, VCCB 3, “C”

45

H: c. 36.5; Hr: 3; Hc (from top): 3.5; Wr: 24; Wn: 19.5; Wc: 20.5; Wm: c. 46; On: 16; Thw: 0.4-1.8; Wgt: 2,000.

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.11, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 1I to 1Ib pots Type

Image (25% full size), Source and Description

1I

Pot Type 1I, KC IV, VCCB 2, “A”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 2, F4, Pot “A” Very large globular bowl Type 1I Spherical body. Straight cylindrical neck, everted incurving rim, flattened on top. Reddishochre ware, dark grey-brown in break. Rim outside underneath decorated with short right-leaning incised lines, neck plain. Upper body to 6 cm below neck covered with two rows of vertical "walking-shell" impressions Below that, down to midbody, the main decorative motif consists of three incised horizontal lines as upper and lower delimitation of a field in which there are six Gothic arches made of the same three lines and based on the lower set of horizontal lines. Lower body finely (5.5:10) and regularly vertically cord-marked with increasing cross-cording towards bottom. H: 29.5; Hr (and neck): 4; Hc/s: 22; Wr: 17; Wn: 12.7; Wm: 34; On: 11.2; Thw: 0.2-0.8; Wgt: 700

1Ia

Pot Type 1Ia, KC III, SUPup 1, “1316”; Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 1, F5, Pot “1316” F5, Pot "1316" , 50 cm b.s. in {3}. Type 1Ia: Very large restricted globular bowl, vertical neck with everted rim. Upper body decorated with six incised large standing arches. Inside smoothed or burnished. Grey-blue-yellow pumice-like light-weight ware, inside grey-ochre. H: 25, W: 30; On: 15.

46

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1Ia

Pot Type 1Ia, KC III, SUP 2, “1052”; Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 2, E7, Pot ”1052” E7, Pot "1052" , 10-30 cm b.s. in {2}. Type 1Ia: Very large restricted globular bowl, vertical neck with everted rim. Upper body decorated with six incised large standing arches. Inside smoothed or burnished. Ochre ware, orange patches; inside grey-puce. H: 30, W: 35; On: 12.

1Ia

Pot Type 1Ia, KC IV, SUP 9, “2242”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, F4, Pot “2242” Pot "2242" (Khok Charoen IV, F4): Large restricted globular bowl Type 1Ia. Slightly flattened spherical body, rim missing. Reddish-grey ware (outside), light grey-ochre inside, almost black in break. Incised and impressed decoration below neck (broad horizontal band filled with horizontal "walking shell" impressions) and on upper body (6 empty standing curved arches on empty background); space between lower border of filled-in horizontal band and outline of arches covered with dark brown-black slip. Lower body coarsely (4:10) cord-marked. H (without rim): c. 19.5; Wn: 16.8; Wm: c. 27.5; On: 15.8; Thw: 0.3-0.9.

47

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1Ia

Pot Type 1Ia, KC IV, SUP 10, “W”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 10, F4, Pot “W” Pot "W" (Khok Charoen IV, F4): Very large restricted globular bowl Type 1Ia. Slightly flattened spherical body with a minute carination forming a small shoulder-platform; cylindrical neck with everted outcurving rim and rounded lip. Ochre ware. Incised and impressed decoration on shoulder-platform, carination and 6 cm of uppermost body (wide horizontal band filled with "walking shell"? impressions) and upper body to just below equator (6 standing empty curved arches on empty background); lower body coarsely (4:10) but carefully cord-marked. About 100 mostly medium sherds of this pot were found dispersed in F4, sherds have sharp breaks and could easily be fitted together which indicates transport over a short distance and little weathering; excavated sherds represent approximatively 25% of entire pot. [NB: there are indications (sherds with similar decoration but of different ware) for the existence of at least one more pot of the same type in this particular area in addition to Pot "W" and Pot "A" of the ceramic burial]. H: c. 41; Hr: 4.3; Hc (from top): 4.5; Wr: 22.8; Wn: 17.6; Wc: 19; Wm: c. 52; On: 16.6; Thw: 0.3-1; Wgt: 1,300.

1Ia

Pot Type 1Ia, KC II, Burial 17, Pot 66; Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 17, Find 4, Pot 66 Large to very large restricted moderately flattened globular vessel with incised-and-pricked decoration (standing empty curved arches on empty background) on upper body; lower body cord-marked. H: c. 19; Wr: c. 9; W: c. 23.]

48

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1Ib

Pot Type 1Ib, KC III, SUP 3, “1069”; Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 3, E7, Pot “1069” E7, Pot "1069" Type 1Ib: Very large restricted globular bowl, everted outcurving plain rim; pointed lip decorated with a continuous row (about 200) of small impressed notches. Surface treatment of body not known. 10-30 cm b.s. in {2}. Dark buff ware. (H: 27, W: 33; On: 12).

49

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.12, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 1J to 1Jc pots Type

Image (25 % full size), Source and Description Image similar to Pot “B”, KCIV, VCCB 1 below

1J

PotType 1J, KC IV, SUP 8, “2227”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 8, Pot “2227” Pot "2227" (KC IV, F3): Large restricted globular bowl Type 1J. Slightly flattened spherical body with high everted outcurving rim. Ochre ware. Rim plain. Decoration on body could not be reconstructed. Four large rim/neck-sherds and a multitude of small body-sherds excavated; body virtually restored proportional to Pot "B" of Vessel Cluster Ceramic Burial 3 which has a similarly high outcurving rim. H: c. 28.5; Hr: 7.3; Wr: 21.7; Wn: 14; Wm: c. 28.5; On: 11.6; Thw: ?-1.

1J

PotType 1J, KC IV, VCCB 1, “B”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 1, Pot “B” Pot "B": Large globular bowl Type 1J. Slightly flattened spherical body. Large everted outcurving restricted rim, rounded on top. Buff ware, dark grey in break, orange surface (wash?). Rim and neck plain inside and outside, smoothed but not burnished. On shoulder two fine incised lines 2 cm apart, the space in between being filled with an incised decoration made with a small shell (but not "walking shell"). The field between the lower incised line and the beginning, 5 cm below it, of cordmarking, contains an incised decoration motif consisting of six semicircles based on the line where the cord-marking begins, leaving on top slightly curved triangular spaces in which are placed incised triangles filled with the same shell impressions as those on the shoulder. Body from there on coarsely (3:10) cord-marked, slightly vertically curved, i.e. left-leaning on the upper part of lower body and gradually turning into right-leaning towards bottom. H: 21; Hr: 5; Hc (i.e. beginning of cord-marking): 10.5; Wr: 15.4; Wn: 10.8; Wm: 21. On: 9.2; Thw: 0.4-0.9; Wgt: 1,300.

1Ja (Pot not restorable) PotType 1Ja, KC IV, SUP 9, F6, “2142”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 9, F6, Pot “2142” Pot "2142" (KC IV, F6): Very large restricted globular bowl Type 1Ja. Almost spherical body with high everted outcurving rim. Heavy buff-grey ware (almost like stoneware). Only one large rim/neck-sherd found; body virtually restored in analogy with Pot "G" of Vessel Cluster Ceramic Burial 7 (F4) and Pot "R2" of Vessel Cluster Ceramic Burial 9 (F3). Rim inside covered with red slip; surface treatment of body not ascertainable. The sherd was found at 30-40 cm b.s. in {4} without visible connections with a human or ceramic burial but its similarity with two pots in vessel cluster ceramic burials suggests that the pot to which this sherd belonged may also have been part of such a burial outside the excavated area. H: c. 41; Hr: 7; Wr: 18; Wn: 13.8; Wm: c. 39; On: 11; Thw: ?-1.6.

50

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1Ja

PotType 1Ja, KC IV, VCCB 7, F3, “R2”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 7, F3, Pot “R2” Pot "R2": Huge globular bowl Type 1Ja. Spherical body. Rim unknown, presumed everted straight or outcurving, restricted. Buff ware. Coarsely (3:10) but carefully vertically cord-marked from 1 cm below rim down to bottom. Sherds of this pot were found mixed with sherds of Pot "R1" in W-corner of cutting, at 60-70 cm b.s. in a large pit dug from {4} into {5} and filled with a mixture of both. Very fragmentary: only small parts of body preserved (bottom, parts of side walls and one sherd from the base of the rim). Mainly medium sherds and some small ones; indications of at least one impact at the centre of the bottom. About 10-20% of entire vessel. H (without rim): c. 70; Wm: c. 70; On: c. 20; Thw: 0.7; Wgt: 1,600. This huge bowl would have been the largest ceramic vessel ever found in Khok Charoen.

51

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1Ja

Pot Type 1Ja, KC II, Burial 18, Pot 72; Source Khok Charoen II, Burial 18, Find 2, Pot 72 Very large restricted slightly pear-shaped globular vessel with high everted straight rim of about 1/6 the height of entire pot and incised-and-pricked decoration (standing empty arches on empty background) on upper body; lower body cord-marked. H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

1Jc

Pot Type 1Jc, KC III, SUP4, “1203”; Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 4, Pot “1203” Large restricted globular bowl, everted straight rim, stepped outside. Surface treatment of body not known. Brick-coloured ware, burnished or slipped. (H: 27, W: 25; On: 12). 20-40 cm b.s. in {2}.

52

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.13, Khok Charoen III Type 1K pots Type

Image (25 % Full Size), Source and Description

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC III, Burial 5, Find 3, Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 5, Find 3 Very large globular bowl Type 1K. Spherical body. Out-turned straight rim. Ochre ware. Inside rim covered with red slip and burnished/polished. Outside body finely (5:10) cord-marked, the paddle leaving a row of small impressions also on outside rim just below its top. Two narrow smoothed bands at neck and 3 more such bands at 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 cm below neck (i.e. on "shoulder"), the central one being covered with red slip. About 80% complete but broken in 8 medium-large rim/neck/shoulder sherds and over 100 medium to small body sherds. No point of impact visible in preserved parts of pot. Not restorable in full (restoration partly virtual only). H: 31.5; Hr: 3.5; Wr: 25; Wn: 20.5; Wm: 36; On: 18.4; Thw: 1-0.4; Wgt: 3,040

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC III, Burial 5, Find 7, Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 5, Find 7 Find 7: Large globular bowl Type 1K. Spherical body, very slight carination at shoulder. Everted straight restricted rim, rounded lip. Buff ware. Burnished inside to a dark buff sheen. Rim inside covered with red slip, outside plain. Body below rim finely (6:10) cord-marked, evenly vertically on upper body but more and more criss-crossed towards bottom. Four 2 mm-wide smoothed bands on and above shoulder, none painted over with red slip. In spite of the wide dispersal of its sherds, the pot was found to be complete except for some small bottom sherds and could be entirely restored. Prominent sign of impact by apointed implement on bottom (about 3/4 from rim down to centre of bottom). H: 26.5; Hr: 2.5; Hc: 18.5; Wr: 24; Wn: 19.4; Wc: 26; Wm: 28.3; On: 17; Thw: 0.5-0.8;

53

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC III, E5, “1222”; Source: Khok Charoen III, E5, Pot “1222” Huge globular bowl Type 1K. Spherical body, everted straight restricted rim, pointed on top. Bistre ware, same in break (with grey core). Rim inside covered with red slip, outside plain. Body from 1 cm below rim finely (5:10) cord-marked, regularly vertically. Three smoothed 2 mm-wide bands on shoulder, the lowest one painted over with red slip. Pot physically non-restorable but virtually to a great extent. H (est.): 35.7; Hr: 3; Wr: 26; Wn: 20.6; Wm (est.): 43; On: 18.6; Thw: 0.4-0.6.

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC III, E5, “1533”; Source: Khok Charoen III, E5, Pot “1533” Huge globular bowl Type 1K. Spherical body, everted straight restricted rim, pointed on top. Bistre ware, same in break (with grey core). Rim inside covered with red slip, outside plain. Body below rim finely (5:10) cord- marked, regularly vertically (very slightly left-leaning). Four smoothed 2 mm-wide bands on shoulder, the lowest one painted over with red slip. Sherds of this pot were all found in the 50-60 cm b.s. spit of the cutting, in {5}. Pot physically non-restorable but virtually to a great extent. H (est.): 30.4; Hr: 3.1; Wr: 27; Wn: 20.8; Wm (est.): 36; On: 19; Thw: 0.4-0.7.

54

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC III, E6, “1529”; Source: Khok Charoen III, E6, Pot “1529” Huge globular bowl Type 1K. Spherical body with very slight carination at shoulder, everted straight restricted rim with outcurving rounded lip. Buff ware. Body inside burnished. Rim inside and top of lip covered with red slip, outside plain. Body from 1 cm below rim medium (4:10) cord-marked, regularly vertically but with increasing cross-cording towards bottom. Three smoothed 2 mm-wide horizontal lines above and at shoulder, all three plain. H: 33.6; Hr: 3.3; Hc: 27.5; Wr: 28; Wn: 21.6; Wc: 28.2; Wm: 38; On: 19.4; Thw: 0.3-0.6; Wgt: 2,850.

55

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC III, G5, “1411”; Source: Khok Charoen III, G5, Pot “1411” Huge globular bowl Type 1K. Spherical body, everted straight restricted rim, rounded on top. Buff/ochre ware. Body inside burnished. Rim inside covered with red slip, outside plain. Body from 1 cm below rim down medium (4:10) cord-marked regularly vertically. Two 3 mm-wide smoothed bands above shoulder, both plain. H (est.): 34.8; Hr: 3.5; Wr: 33; Wn: 28; Wm: 43; On: 25.8; Thw (est.): 0.7-0.9.

56

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.14, Khok Charoen II Type 1K pots, Nos. 20 to 61 Type

Image (25% Full Size),

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 11, Pot 20

1K

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: 28.0; Wr: 24.0: W: -.

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 20 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 6, Find 1, Pot 21

1K

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: 27.0: W: -.

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 6, Pot 21 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 6, Find 4, Pot 23

1K

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: -. Wr: -: W: -. Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 6, Pot 23

57

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 9, Pot 32

1K

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: 22.0: W: -.

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 32

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 8, Find 5, Pot 39

1K

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with two smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: 29.5; Wr: 24.5: W: -.

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 8, Pot 39

58

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 13, Find 2, Pot 52

1K

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: -: W: -.

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 13, Pot 52

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 16, Find 8, Pot 60

1K

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: 21.0; Wr: 24.0: W: -.

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 16, Pot 60

59

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 16, Find 9, Pot 61

1K

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with five smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder, with the lowest covered with red slip. H: -; Wr: 22.0: W: -.

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 16, Pot 61

60

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.15, Khok Charoen II Type 1K pots, Nos. 78 to 187 Type

Image (25% Full Size), Source and Description

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 78; Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 1, Pot 78 Very large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with four smoothed horizontal bands over the cordmarkings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: 24.0: W: -.

61

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 26, Pot 105; Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 26, Find 3, Pot 105

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: 28.0; Wr: 25.0: W: -.

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 32, Pot 136; Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 32, Find 4, Pot 136 Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three plus four smoothed horizontal bands over the cordmarkings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: 18.6: W: -.

62

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 35 B/C, Pot 158; Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35 B/C, Find 9, Pot 158 Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cordmarkings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: 18.0: W: -.

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 170; Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 6, Pot 170 Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cordmarkings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: 22.0: W: -.

63

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 171; Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 7, Pot 171 Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cordmarkings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: 19.0: W: -.

1K

Pot Type 1K, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 187; Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 9, Pot 187. Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cordmarkings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: 29.0: W: -.

64

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.16, Khok Charoen II Type 1Ka pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 1, Pot 24

1Ka

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. Pot Type 1Ka, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 24

H: 12.5; Wr: 14.6; W: 15.8.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 8, Pot 30

1Ka

Large restricted spherical vessel rim missing. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cordmarkings at shoulder, the lowest covered with red slip. H: 13.0; Wr: -; W: 17.6.

Pot Type 1Ka, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 30

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 8, Find 1, Pot 35

1Ka

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder, lowest covered with red slip.

Pot Type 1Ka, KC II, Burial 8, Pot 35

H: 11.5; Wr: 17.0; W: 16.8. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 17, Find 14, Pot 70

1Ka

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: -; r: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1Ka, KC II, Burial 17, Pot 70

65

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 28, Find 1, Pot 108

1Ka

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: 17.0; Wr: -; W: 19.5.

Pot Type 1Ka, KC II, Burial 28, Pot 108

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 28, Find 4, Pot 111

1Ka

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 1Ka, KC II, Burial 28, Pot 111

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 31, Find 6, Pot 130

1Ka

Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder. H: -; Wr: 15.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1Ka, KC II, Burial 31, Pot 130

66

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 7, Pot 195 Large restricted spherical vessel with short everted straight rim, red slip inside rim and even further down inside body and sometimes outside as well. Body cord-marked throughout, with three or four smoothed horizontal bands over the cord-markings at shoulder.

1Ka

H: -; Wr: 14.0; W: -.

Pot Type 1Ka, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 195

67

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.17, Khok Charoen IV Type 1L and 1M pots Type

Image (25% Full Size), Source and Description

1L

Pot Type 1L, KC IV, VCCB 1, E6, “C”: Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 1, E6, Pot “C” Pot "C": Large globular bowl Type 1L (only upper body and rim restorable). Spherical body truncated on top, forming a small shoulder platform out of which rises vertically a cylindrical direct rim, rounded on top. Ochre ware, dark brown in break, orange surface (slip or wash?). Rim and upper body to 13 cm below shoulder covered by a complex decoration, incised into a polished surface, consisting of geometric fields filled with orderly "walking-shell" impressions. On rim, these are two pairs of circle segments facing each-other (i.e. from top and base of rim), leaving a somewhat diamond-shaped free space on either side into which a horizontal almond-shaped motif is placed (a decorative ensemble found in the same form on at least two of the singly buried vessels of Type 1M, Pots "X" and "R", and in another variant on a third, Pot "B", as well as in other pots of Type 1L, 2C and 4K). Below shoulder are three bands (one single band and a double one below) of rectangles divided diagonally into triangles which are alternatively filled with shell impressions or left plain, thus creating a cross-like pattern which is also characteristic for some other pots of Khok Charoen IV and even for some Austro-Asiatic speaking mountain tribes on the Indochinese Peninsula and southern China. Below these three bands, another one is filled with 12 almondshaped motifs much like those on the rim but on their own. There are traces of a red (haematite) slip on fields with shell impressions which was obviously applied after the impressions. Lower body cord-impressed. H: c. 30; Hr: 6.8; Hc (from top): 7; Wr: 13; Wn: 14; Wc: 17; Wm: c. 31.5; On: 12.2; Thw: 0.3-0.8(?); Wgt: c. 600.

68

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1L

Pot Type 1L, KC IV, VCCB 6, E4, “A1”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 6, E4, Pot “A1” Large globular bowl Type 1L. Flattened spherical body without carination or shoulder. Vertical cylindrical direct rim, rounded on top. Ochre ware, dark brown in break. Outside rim and upper part (about one-quarter) of body smoothed and covered with a series of motifs formed by fine incised outlines filled with zigzag lines made by joining impressed dots by short straight strokes. Thus, two horizontal lines, one 1.5 cm below top of rim and the other at neck, form the suspension- and base-line for four pairs of circle segments facing each other, each filled with one zigzag line. The remaining open spaces contain four lentilshaped fields with a similar single zigzag line inside. At 1 cm below neck, and again 1.5 cm below that, on the almost horizontal uppermost part of the body, two more horizontal lines contain between them one zigzag line below which begins the 4 cm-high main field, delimited by a third horizontal line at 8 cm below neck, and containing ten horizontal oblong cartouches containing each 3 superimposed short zigzag lines. Another incised horizontal line 1 cm further down marks the upper limit of coarse (3:10) vertical cord-marking, at places slightly left-leaning, which covers the remaining three-quarters of the body including its round bottom. All markings, incised, impressed or cord-markings, are visibly applied with care although they now appear somewhat faint. Found upright as the second vessel deposited in this pit containing a cluster of four, next to (NW of) Pot "A3", bottom at 75 cm b.s., top of rim at 60 cm b.s., in {5}. Body four-fifths complete, rim half complete. Broken into a great number of almost uniformly medium sherds in a regular pattern without any particular point of impact visible; compacting must have occurred gradually and uniformally. H: 26.8; Hr: 7; Wr: 14.8; Wn: 14; Wm: 30; On: 12.4; Thw: 0.3-0.8; Wgt: 1,800.

69

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1L

Pot Type 1L, KC IV, VCCB 3, E6, “E”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 3, E6, Pot “E” Pot “E” (VCCB 4). Large globular bowl Type 1L, Neck (presumably cylindrical) missing. Body almost spherical without the slightest carination or shoulder. Ochre ware, dark ochre in break; outside darker towards top (weathered?). Outside divided, at about mid-body, between a lower part which is coarsely (1:2) but regularly vertically cord-marked, and the upper part with an elaborately incised decoration on a smoother background, a division marked by an impressed horizontal line, about 1 to 1.5 mm wide. On this base-line ten incised segments are placed, each about 2 cm high at its highest point and filled with dotted lines. About 2.5 cm above this base-line, another incised horizontal line delimitates the next decorative section above which is filled by seven oval-shaped medallions. In each medallion a series of incised dots linked in zig-zag fashion by dotted lines produces a saw-tooth pattern in 3 or 4 lines. For an unknown reason a gap of about 8 cm between two medallions is filled by a plain upright rectangle of 6 x 5 cm formed by straight incised lines. Above this section, i.e. on the shoulder just below the broken-off neck, two incised horizontal lines about 3.5 cm distant from each other contain two saw-tooth lines formed, like those in the medallions, of incised dots linked by faint dotted lines. H: 32; Wm: 41; On: 16; Thw (body): 0.5-1; Wgt: ca. 3.6 Kg

70

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1L

Pot Type 1L, KC IV, VCCB 9, E6, “B”: Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 9, E6, Pot “B” Pot “B” (VCCB 9). Large globular bowl Type 1L, upper part (rin, neck, shoulder) missing. Slightly flattened spherical body. Ochre ware, fine sand temper; greyish-brown in break. Outside body to about 7 cm above mid-body (rest missing) plain, smoothed and covered with an incised decoration: mid-body marked by a straight horizontal line above which there is another horizontal line dipping down at regular intervals of 17-18 cm (i.e. five times along the entire body) so as to accommodate the spiralic decoration for which this is the base-line. Above this a wavy line delimitates segment-like fields (maximum height about 4 cm) connected by narrow bands; fields and bands fileld with “walking-shell” impressions. In the valleys between these mountains there are at least two curvy bands of 1.2-1.5 cm width, also filled with “walking-shell” incisions, which could either be parts of concentric circles or, more likely, of some spiralic pattern the upper part of which is lost. These “walking-shell”-filled fields and bands are covered with a now rather faded light red slip which makes them stand out from the plain background, somewhat reminiscent of the earlier painted patterns on Ban Chiang pottery. Lower part of body coarsely (2.5:10) but very regularly cord-marked, slightly right-leaning and also originally covered with a light red slip, at present rather faint. H (if missing parts taken into account): ca 38; Wm: 40; Thw (B): 0.3-03.5; Wgt: ca 1400.

71

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1M

Pot Type 1M, KC IV, SCB 2, F4, “X”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, SCB 2, F4, Pot “X” Pot "X" (Khok Charoen IV, F4): Large jar-like vessel Type 1M. Pear-shaped body with round bottom. Everted rim, rounded on top. Horizontal shoulder with rectangular carination. Dark buff ware, grey-brown in break. Fine magnetite granules in paste. Rim plain but burnished inside and outside. On shoulder two circular bands of small "walking-shell" impressions. Uppermost part of body, from carination to 8 cm below it, covered with an incised decorative motif consisting of two plain narrow bands on either side from which protrude towards the middle 4 circle segments from top and 4 from the bottom, leaving an oddlyshaped band between them with 4 small almond-shaped fields in the centres of the 4 more open spaces thus left. Circle segments and almond-shaped fields are filled with vertical "walking-shell" impressions while the bands are plain but burnished. From this decorative ensemble downwards, body coarsely (3:10) but carefully vertically cord-marked. Inside vessel burnished. H: 48; Hr: 3; Hc: 4.2 (from top); Wr: 17; Wn: 13; Wc: 19.5; Wm: 26.5; On: 11.4; Thw: 0.5- 0.9; Wgt: 2,500. [NB: this pot was TL dated to "Apparent Age: 3190 years B.P." on 13 December 1978, by Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, A.N.U., Test No. 1069; the year of the firing of this pot would thus have been about 1212 BC.]

72

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1M

Pot Type 1M, KC IV, F6, “R”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, F6, Pot “R” Pot "R" (Khok Charoen IV, F6): Large jar-like vessel Type 1M. Pear-shaped body with round bottom. Everted rim, rounded on top. Horizontal shoulder with rectangular carination. Buff ware, mid-brown in break. Fine sand temper. Rim plain but burnished inside and outside. Shoulder covered with "walking-shell" impression all around, leaving incised marks on lower lip of rim. From shoulder carination 6 circle segments of 11 cm length protrude at least 3.5 cm downwards, covered with 3 horizontal rows of slightly left leaning vertical "walking-shell" impressions and delimitated by a fine incised line; left-over space plain but burnished. Although there is no more information about the incised decoration below the 3.5 cm mark, the fact that this pot is very similar to Pot "X" in many respects (size, shape, method of decoration etc.) allows the assumption that the form of the decoration would also have been similar to that of the other pot, i.e. occupying only the uppermost part of the body, while the rest of it is simply cord-marked. The few lower body and bottom sherds recovered support this assumption as their cord-marking is also coarse (3.5: 10) but carefully applied. Inside body also burnished. H: c. 47; Hr: 3; Hc (from top): 3.2; Wr: 17; Wn: 13; Wc: 21.5; Wm: c. 29; On: 11; Thw: 0.4(?)-1; Wgt: 750.

73

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1M

Pot Type 1M, KC IV, E6, “Ra”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, E6, Pot “Ra” (base of pot depicted from sherd, upper part of image based on that of pot “R”, above) Large jar-like vessel Type 1M. Pear-shaped body with round bottom. Everted rim, rounded on top. Horizontal shoulder with rectangular carination. Buff ware, mid-brown in break. Fine sand temper. Rim plain but burnished inside and outside. Shoulder covered with"walking-shell" impression all around, leaving incised marks on lower lip of rim. From shoulder carination 6 circle segments of 11 cm length protrude at least 3.5 cm downwards, covered with 3 horizontal rows of slightly left leaning vertical "walking-shell" impressions and delimitated by a fine incised line; left-over space plain but burnished. Although there is no more information about the incised decoration below the 3.5 cm mark, the fact that this pot is very similar to Pot "X" in many respects (size, shape, method of decoration etc.) allows the assumption that the form of the decoration would also have been similar to that of the other pot, i.e. occupying only the uppermost part of the body, while the rest of it is simply cord-marked. The few lower body and bottom sherds recovered support this assumption as their cordmarking is also coarse (3.5: 10) but carefully applied. Inside body also burnished. H: c. 47; Hr: 3; Hc (from top): 3.2; Wr: 17; Wn: 13; Wc: 21.5; Wm: c. 29; On: 11; Thw: 0.4(?)-1; Wgt: 750.

74

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.18, Khok Charoen III and IV Type 1Ma to1Nc pots

1Ma

Pot Type 1Ma, KC IV, SVCB 6, E4, “C1”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, SVCB 6, E4, Pot “C1” Pot "C1" (Khok Charoen IV, E4): Large jar-like vessel Type 1Ma. Pear-shaped body with round bottom. Narrow diagonal shoulder, rim missing. Dark ochre/brick-coloured ware, sand tempered. Shoulder decorated with band of "walking-shell" impressions, delimited above carination by a thin incised horizontal line. From carination down to 7 cm below it incised decoration consisting of elongated leaf-shaped and rectangular fields delineated by thin incised lines and filled with "walking-shell" impressions, the remaining space plain but burnished. A 1.5 cm-wide plain burnished horizontal band separates this decoration from the very coarse (2:10) but carefully and regularly applied vertical cord-marking which covers the entire body including bottom. About 1/4 of vessel preserved. H (to base of rim): c. 37 [as rim was probably 3 cm high, an overall height of about 40 cm can be assumed]; Hc (from brokenoff rim down): 0.8; Wn: 16; Wc: 17.6; Wm: 28; On: 14; Thw: 0.5-0.9; Wgt: 800.

75

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1Ma

Pot Type 1Ma, KC IV, E4, SVCB 7, “B”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, E4, SVCB 7, Pot “B” Pot "B" (Khok Charoen IV, E4): Large jar-like vessel Type 1Ma. Pear-shaped body with round bottom. Everted outcurving restricted rim, soft rounded shoulder/carination. Dark ochre ware. From shoulder to 8 cm below it and delimited on either side by a thin incised horizontal line, there is a burnished field with 5 pairs of circle segments of thin incised lines standing on or hanging down from their respective delimiting horizontal lines facing each-other with incised circles or ovals in the centres of the diamond-shaped left-over spaces; circle segments and circles or ovals are filled with irregularly placed large impressed dots. A 0.5 cm-wide plain burnished horizontal band, delimited by a thin incised line, separates this entire decorative field from the finely (7:10) generally vertical cord-marked middle and lower body including round bottom. The obvious care with which this cord-marking is applied contrasts with the apparently careless execution of the incised decoration above it: crooked lines, unevenly or wrongly joined, dots put at random and in different sizes (i.e. different depth of impression), variable dimensions of motifs etc. Almost 1/2 of vessel preserved vertically, the NE-half (towards stone heap) missing, top part very disturbed (fragments of rim preserved but section between rim and upper body missing). Extant parts of pot broken in about 50 medium sherds and numerous smaller ones towards the bottom where they are tiny and crumbly. This fact speaks against this vessel being in situ, although its upright position suggests so; the vessel could well have been carried by flood flows to the location against the stones after it had already been disturbed elsewhere. No firm conclusion could be reached concerning this matter. H: c. 35; Hr: 2.5; Wr: 11.8; Wn: 9.7; Wm: 21; On: 8.2; Thw: 0.3-0.6; Wgt: 800.

76

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1Ma

Pot Type 1Ma, KC IV, G7, SVCB 6, “Q”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, G7, SVCB 6, Pot “Q” Pot "Q" (Khok Charoen IV, G7?): Large jar-like vessel Type 1Ma. Pear-shaped body with round bottom. Rim missing. Soft rounded shoulder/carination. Ochre-grey ware with orange wash outside, almost black in break. Below neck (marked by a thin incised horizontal line) a 1 cm-wide plain burnished band is followed by another narrow band incised with right-leaning diagonal striations which forms the upper border of a 3.5 cm-wide burnished field filled with 12 incised geometric "bow-tie" motifs. Below this field there is yet another narrow plain burnished band the lower line of which marks the beginning of fine (5:10) and carefully applied cord-marking covering the entire body below, including round bottom. Body burnished inside. . H (to neck): 37.5; Wn: 13.2; Wc: 18.5; Wm: 25.4; On: 11.8; Thw: 0.4-0.8; Wgt: 850.

1N

Pot Type 1N, KC IV, F4, “Z”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, F4, Pot “Z” Pot "Z" (Khok Charoen IV, F4): Very large restricted globular bowl Type 1N. Pear-shaped body with direct vertical rim. Ochre ware, dark ochre-orange inside. Incised decoration on rim (three horizontal rows of large zig-zag incisions and another row of only the upper part of these incisions) and upper body (wide horizontal band filled with smaller horizontal zig-zag lines and below this seven standing filled-in (with medium zig-zag lines) low curved arches on empty (dark brown/black polished or slipped) background; lower body cord-marked in a fine criss-cross fashion (matted?), unique in Khok Charoen. H: c. 34; Hr: 8.6; Wr: 12.3; Wn: 18.4; Wm: 33.7; On: 10; Thw: 0.3-0.8.

77

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1Na

(Upper part)

(Lower Part) Pot Type 1Na, KC IV, F4, “B2a”; Source: Khok Charoen IV, F4, Pot “B2a” Pot "B2a" (Khok Charoen IV, F4): Huge restricted globular bowl Type 1Na. Pear-shaped body with direct vertical rim? (top missing). Heavy buff-ochre ware, dark grey in break. Burnished inside and outside; outside covered with red slip. Incised and impressed decoration on rim (horizontal band with four standing low curved filled-in segments on empty background above a wide filled-in band, separated by a narrow empty band) and on uppermost body (four pairs of symmetrically opposed standing and hanging filled-in segments on empty background with filled-in diamond-shaped inserts; in one case this insert is made wider by a diagonal empty bar as a space-filler). Lower 2/3 of body medium (4:10) cord-marked. H (including missing part of rim): c. 50; Wn: 29; Wm: 43; Thw: 0.8?-1.

78

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

1Nb

Pot Type 1Nb, KC III, G5, “1438”; Source: Khok Charoen III, G5, Pot “1438” G5, Pot "1438" Type 1Nb: Very large to huge restricted pear-shaped vessel, elongated rim with outside bulbous pointed upright lip. Ochre ware, burnished inside and outside. Six incised horizontal grooves inside upper part of rim, from top to 4 cm below. Rim outside plain to shoulder 11 cm below top. Body from shoulder down coarsely (4:10) diagonally cord-marked (left leaning).69 small sherds, all from upper body, found scattered throughout G5 and F5 from 40-70 cm b.s., 53 of them in G5 at 60-70 cm b.s. in {5}. (H: 45-55, W: 40; On: 18).

1Nb

(Only rim pictured) Pot Type 1Nb,KC III, E8, “1441”; Source: Khok Charoen III, E8, Pot “1441” E8, Pot "1441" Type 1Nb: Very large to huge restricted pear-shaped vessel, elongated rim with outside bulbous pointed upright lip. Ochre ware, burnished inside and outside. Six incised horizontal grooves inside upper part of rim, from top to 4 cm below. Rim outside plain to shoulder 11 cm below top. Body from shoulder down coarsely (4:10) diagonally cord-marked (left leaning). (Wr: 24). 5 rim-sherds showing 11 horizontal grooves inside upper part of rim, from top to 4 cm below. Three of these sherds fitted together: 1 in E8 at 40-50 cm b.s. in {3} and 2 in H5 at 30-40 cm b.s. in {2}; the other two of the same make came from F5 at 10-40 cm b.s., also in {2}.

79

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

1Nc

Pot Type 1Nc, KC II, Burial 17, Pot 69; Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 17 Find 7, Pot 69 This pot, represented by one large sherd from the rim down to the round bottom and being about one-third of the entire vessel, can be virtually restored to a large restricted pear-shaped bowl with upwards curved direct rim, pointed on top. Upper part of body entirely plain. Lower semi-spherical body outside decorated with irregular straight vertical slightly rightleaning incised lines. Upper body separated from lower body by an applied band similar to some Class 5, Type A dishes of KC III. In spite of having been given a Find-number, it is almost certain that this pot does not belong to Burial 17, is simply a stray find and, being the only pot of this kind found in Khok Charoen, may even originate from outside the site. H: 14; Wm: 21; On: 10, Wgt: 265.

80

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

2.8 Tables of Class 2 Pots Table 2.19, Khok Charoen III and IV Type 2A to 2Ca pots Type

Image (25% Full Size

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 14, Find 2 Small globular bowl with ring-foot Type 2A. Body slightly flattened spherical. Rim only slightly everted (almost vertical), rounded lip. Ring-foot everted, rounded base, worked out of lower body. Ochre ware. Body from a little below mid-body down to top of ring-foot finely (6:10) but irregularly cord-marked. Rest of pot plain but smoothed. H: 10; Hr: 1.6; Hf: 1.2; Wr: 10.8; Wn: 10; Wm: 12.9; On: 8.4; Wtf: 7.9; Wbf: 8.5; ThwB: 0.5-0.9; ThwBb: 0.2-0.4; ThwF: 0.4-1.2; Wgt: 460.

2A

Pot Type 2A, KC IV, Burial 14, Find 2

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 6, Pot 29 Medium globular bowl with ring-foot. Body slightly flattened spherical. Rim only slightly everted (almost vertical), rounded lip. Ring-foot everted, rounded base, worked out of lower body.

2A

H: 10.5; Wr: 17.4; W: 19.4.

Pot Type 2A, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 29

2A Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 20 Find 2, Pot 74 Medium globular bowl with ring-foot. Body slightly flattened spherical. Rim only slightly everted (almost vertical), rounded lip. Ring-foot everted, rounded base, worked out of lower body. H: 11.2; Wr: 12.0; W: 14.8.

Pot Type 2A, KC II, Burial 20, Pot 74

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 20, Find 3, Pot 75

2A

Small globular bowl with ring-foot. Body slightly flattened spherical. Rim only slightly everted (almost vertical), rounded lip. Ring-foot everted, rounded base, worked out of lower body. H: 9.5; Wr: 8.2; W: 10.1. Pot Type 2A, KC II, Burial 20, Pot 75

81

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 7 Medium ring-footed globular bowl Type 2Aa. Spherical body. Wide mouth, small flaring rim. Heavy buff ware, dark brown in break. Ring-foot added to body Rim and upper 1/3 of body plain but outside (rim also inside) smoothed or burnished and covered with red slip. At 3 cm below neck raised band with small vertical impressions, c. 0.3 cm distant from each-other, also covered with red slip. Below this, an undecorated band of 0.6 cm width showing signs of having been burnished (with a narrow bamboo stick?). From there on to 1.5 cm above ring-foot finely (4.5:10) cord-marked but also superficially (i.e. only ridges) covered with the same red slip. Ring-foot plain. Almost entire: only a 5 x 6 cm piece at lower body and part of ring-foot missing (on the upper side of pot as found). H: 11.8; Hr: 1; Hc (raised band): 8.2; Hf: 1.5; Wr: 10.6; Wn: 9; Wm: 14; Wtf: 7.1; Wbf: 8.2; On: 7.6; ThwB: 0.40.6; ThwBb: 0.6; ThwF: 0.4-1; Wgt: 450. (NB: this is the only pot of this type found in Khok Charoen)

2Aa

Pot Type 2Aa, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 7

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 6, Find 1 Medium-sized ring-footed vessel Type 2Ab. Body almost spherical with slight carination at equator. Straight upturned direct rim, rounded lip. Ring-foot truncated conical with rounded base, added on to bottom of bowl after cord-marking. Buff-orange ware. Two small solid handles on shoulder, on opposite sides. Rim plain. Upper half of body bears an incised and impressed decoration consisting of four semicircles with the line of carination as base, filled with 7 or 8 vertical-curved bands of "walking shell" impressions; a narrow irregular band on shoulder at the base of the vertical rim repeats this kind of decoration. The space in between is left plain but burnished. Lower half of body roughly cord-marked (4:10), criss-crossed and irregular. Ring-foot plain but space inside, i.e. bottom of pot, is also cord-marked, showing that the foot was added after cord-marking.

2Ab

Pot Type 2Ab, KC IV, Burial 6, Find 1

H: 13; Hr: 1.2; Hc: 7; Hf: 2.2; Wr: 9.7; Wn: 9.9; Wm: 17; Wtf: 10; Wbf: 11.6; On: 8.4; ThwB: 0.5-0.6; ThwBb: 0.5; ThwF: 0.8-1.8.

Source: Khok Charoen III, H6, Pot “1633”

2Ac

H6, Pot "1633" Type 2Ac: Large restricted globular bowl, slightly upturned direct rim with pointed lip. Low ring-foot. Buff ware. Inside burnished, outside (and inside rim to 0.5 cm below top) covered with brick-red slip. (H: 12, W: 16; On: 10). 8 sherds (including a rim-sherd), constituting about 20% of the vessel without ring-foot and weighing 110 g, at 40-60 cm b.s. in {3}.

Pot Type 2Ac, KC III, H6, “1633”

82

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

2B

Source: Khok Charoen IV, E3, Pot “19” Pot "19" (Khok Charoen IV, E3): Large restricted doubly carinated bowl with ring-foot Type 2B. Rim missing (presumed direct vertical); sloping shoulder platform with sharp carination. Upper body concave truncated conical; hemispherical lower body. Dark buff ware. Outside burnished; incised and impressed decoration on lower part of rim and at base of rim on shoulder (horizontal band filled with fine vertical "walking shell" impressions), on shoulder platform (5 straight lines delimiting similarly filled-in circle segments at the edge of the platform leaving a pentagon-shaped space inside the circle) and upper body (four times the filled-in "Opposed Human Figures" motif on empty background which, seen negatively, conveys the impression of an elongated lying letter "Z", interspersed at the four cardinal points by the "Windmill" motif, i.e. a square divided in 8 triangles alternatively left plain or filled with shell impressions). There are two small handle-like projections at the shoulder, one on either side opposite each-other. Lower body from carination down coarsely (4:10) but carefully vertically (at places slightly right-leaning) cord-marked. Ring-foot plain.

Pot Type 2B, KC IV, E3, “19”

H (without rim): 24; Hc: 15.8; Hf: 2.3; Wr (base): 12; Wc/m: 31; Wtf: 13.8; Wbf: 14.2; ThwB: 0.2-0.8; ThwBb: 0.2; ThwF: 0.7-0.9.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, H6, Pot “A2” Pot "A2" (Khok Charoen IV, F3): Upper body, including rim, of a vessel thought to be similar to Pot "19", a large restricted doubly carinated bowl Type 2B. Upper body is that of a pear-shaped vessel broken off above the carination which forms the dividing line between upper and lower body. Direct vertical rim coming out of a slightly sloping shoulder platform with a rectangular carination. Buff ware. Rim and upper body burnished. Incised and impressed decoration on shoulder platform (horizontal band filled with fine diagonal "walking shell" impressions at base of rim; four almost straight lines delimiting similarly filled-in circle segments at the rim of the platform leaving an empty square inside the circle) and upper body (two similarly filled-in "Opposed Human Figures" motifs on empty background giving the impression of two very elongated lying blank letters "S"). On two opposite corners of the empty square on the shoulder platform there are two minuscule flat handle-like projections on the inner side of each of which there is, on the surface of the platform, a small incised semicircle also filled with fine "walking shell" impressions.

2B

Pot Type 2B, KC IV, H6, “A2”

Hr: 3; Hc (from top): 4.3; Wr: 10.3; Wn: 10.8; Wc: 18; Thw: 0.2-0.7; Wgt: 650.

83

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, E3, VCCB 6, Pot “A3” Large globular bowl Type 2C. Almost perfectly spherical body, slight shoulder with small sloping platform. Vertical cylindrical direct rim, slightly pointed on top. Traces of an added ring-foot. At 1 cm below top of rim and at base of rim straight horizontal lines serve as suspension- or base-line for two pairs of circle segments filled with shell impressions facing each-other; the remaining open space contains a lentil-shaped motif on opposite sides also filled with such impressions. At 1 cm below shoulder and again 5 cm below that, straight horizontal lines serve again as suspension- and base-line for hook-like motifs (9 "hanging down" from upper line and 6 "standing" on lower line) filled with shell imprints. At 2 cm below this register, yet another horizontal line is the baseline for 15 shell impression-filled circle segments and one more horizontal line 1 cm below that marks the beginning of very coarse (2.5:10) and knobby cordmarking covering the remaining two-thirds of the body including the round bottom.

2C

H (without ring-foot): 32.8; Hr: 5.2; Hc (from top): 6; Wr: 13.4; Wn: 14; Wc: 18; Wm: 31.6; Wtf: 14; On (top of rim): 12.6; Thw: 0.3-0.8; Wgt: 1,150.

Pot Type 2C, KC IV, E3, VCCB 6, “A3”

Source: Khok Charoen IV, E3, Pot “111” Pot "111" (Khok Charoen IV, E3): Large jar-like vessel Type 2Ca. Cylindrical body with round bottom to which a ring-foot was added. Straight vertical direct rim, rounded on top. Narrow almost horizontal shoulder with rectangular carination. Grey-brown ware with orange wash. Rim, shoulder and the uppermost 1.5 cm of body plain but burnished or polished. Another plain burnished band of 1.5 cm width, 12 cm below the first, forms the lower limit of a decorative field of two superimposed horizontal S or Z-figures formed of the same 1.5 cm wide bands filled with small "walking-shell" impressions; remaining spaces are left plain and burnished. This decoration motif is also called the "Opposed Human Figures" motif (Higham). Lower body including bottom coarsely (4:10) but carefully cord-marked. Added ringfoot again plain and burnished like the rim. Pot almost complete (part of rim missing), broken in mainly large sherds.

2Ca

H: 33.5; Hr: 6; Hc (from top): 6.9; Hf: 2.6; Wr: 13; Wn: 13; Wc: 18; Wm: 19.7; Wbf: 13; Wtf: 12.2; On: 11.4; Thw: 0.3-0.9; Wgt: 1,750. Pot Type 2Ca, KC IV, E3, “111”

84

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

2.9 Tables of Class 3 Pots Table 2.20, Khok Charoen III and IV Type 3A to 3Ab pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 12 H5, “1182”

3A

H5, Pot "1182" Type 3A: Very large globular bowl, inverted direct rim covered with red slip. Body vertically cord-marked. (H: 29, W: 37; On: 22). 30-40 cm b.s. in {2}.

Pot Type 3A, KCIII, SUP 12, H5, “1182”

Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 14, E8, “1620”

3Aa

E8, Pot "1620" Type 3Aa: Medium to large globular bowl, slightly convex inverted direct rim covered with red slip. Body vertically cord-marked. (H: 26, W: 29; On: 16.5). 40-90 cm b.s. in {3} or {5}.

Pot Type 3Aa, KC III, SUP 14, E8, “1620”

85

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 16, E7, “1067”

3Aa

E7, Pot "1067" Type 3Aa: Large globular bowl, slightly convex inverted direct rim covered with red slip. Body vertically cord-marked. (H: 13, W: 17; On: 13.2). 10-30 cm b.s. in {2}. Pot Type 3Aa, KC III, SUP 16, E7, “1067” Source: Khok Charoen III, F5, “1618”

3Ab

F5, Pot "1618" Type 3Ab: Large truncated flattened globular bowl, inverted direct rim covered with red slip. Body plain. (H: 18, W: 25; On: 18). 0-40 cm b.s. in {2}.

Pot Type 3Ab, KC III, F5, “1618” Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 16, G5, “1216”

3Ab

G5, Pot "1216"Type 3Ab: Medium to large truncated flattened globular bowl, inverted direct rim covered with red slip. Body plain. (H: 15, W: 21; On: 13.2). 30-40 cm b.s. in {2}. Grey-puce ware, burnished?

Pot Type 3Ab, KC III, SUP 16, G5, “1216” Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 17, E7, “1156”

3Ab

E7, Pot "1156" Type 3Ab: Medium to large truncated flattened globular bowl, inverted direct rim covered with red slip. Body plain. (H: 15, W: 20; On: 12). 30-40 cm b.s. in {2}. Pot Type 3Ab, KC III, SUP 17, E7, “1156”

Illustration 2.20, Khok Charoen III and IV, Type 3A to 3Ab pots

86

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.21, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 3B to 3C pots Type

Image (25% full size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP, 18, H6, Pot “1559” H6, Pot "1559" Very thin-walled: 5 mm or less Type 3B: Large globular bowl, softly everted direct rim, sometimes covered with red slip, continuous with body outside and slightly concave inside. Body cordmarked below rim.

3B

(H: 15, W: 17; On: 12). 20-40 cm b.s. in {2}.

Pot Type 3B, KC III, SUP 18, H6, “1559”

Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 19, E6, Pot “1488” E6, Pot "1488".Type 3B: Medium globular bowl, softly everted direct rim, sometimes covered with red slip, continuous with body outside and slightly concave inside. Body cord-marked below rim.

3B

(H: 11, W: 11; On: 8.2). 60-70 cm b.s. in {5}. Very thinwalled: 3 mm or less Pot Type 3B, KC III, SUP 19, E6, “1488”

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 1, Find 1, Pot 1 Large globular bowl, softly everted direct rim, sometimes covered with red slip, continuous with body outside and slightly concave inside. Body cordmarked below rim.

3B

H: 13.4; Wr: 11.5; W: 16.5.

Pot Type 3B, KC II, Burial 1, Pot 1

87

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 20, E6, Pot “1487” E6, Pot "1487" Type 3Ba: Large globular bowl, outcurving direct rim. Rim and body plain.

3Ba

(H: 22, W: 26; On: 14.4). 60-70 cm b.s. in {5}. Grey-blue-yellow pumice-like light-weight ware. Three more small body-sherds of same ware found in F5 in {2} (1218 and 1615) and in E7 in {5} (1519); perhaps of same pot or of pots no. 1 and 21.

Pot Type 3Ba, KC III, SUP 20, E6, “1487” Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 21, E6, Pot “1199” E6, Pot "1199" Type 3Ba: Large globular bowl, outcurving direct rim. Rim and body plain.

3Ba

(H: 22, W: 19; On: 7.6). 30-40 cm b.s. in {2}. Grey-blue-yellow pumice-like light-weight ware. Two not-fitting body-sherds of same pot found together with the rim-sherd. Same ware as pots no. 1 and 20.

Pot Type 3Ba, KC III, SUP 21, E6, “1199”

Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 22, E6, Pot “1097” E8, Pot "1097" Type 3Ba: Large globular bowl, outcurving direct rim. Rim and body plain.

3Ba

(H: 17, W: 17; On: 10.6). 10-30 cm b.s. in {2}.

Pot Type 3Ba, KC III, SUP 22, E6, “1097”

88

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 13 Small globular bowl Type 3C. Hemispherical body. Direct rim, slightly flattened on top. Coarse buff ware. Roughly made, heavy. Below a smoothed band of 2 cm, body outside coarsely (5:10) but faintly cordmarked in a rough criss-cross pattern; some marks also on smoothed band. Red slip on flattened top of rim. Inside left rough. Diffuse dark patch on outside bottom.

3C

Pot Type 3C KC III, Burial 6, Find 13

H: 8; Wr: 9; Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 10, E8, Pot “1495” Medium spherical bowl Type 3C. Body outside spherical, inside with slight carination marking the beginning of a very slightly inverted direct rim, rounded on top. Dark buff coarse and heavy ware. Inside plain, possibly originally burnished. Rim outside smoothed to 2.5 cm below top (i.e. hight of inside carination), body below rim finely (6:10) cord-marked, evenly right-leaning with bands of vertical markings impressed over it at regular intervals.

3C

H: 11.3; Hr: 2.5; Wr: 11; Wm: 14; Thw: 0.6-0.9; Wgt: 220.

Pot Type 3C, KC III, NAB 10, E8, “1495”

Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 18, H5, “Item 15” Medium hemispherical bowl Type 3C. Deep hemispherical body. Small inverted incurving rim, rounded lip. Ochre ware. Rim outside covered with red slip. Upper body below rim plain to 1 cm above mid-body where there is a thin incised line; from there on down body medium (4:10) cord-marked, generally vertically but with the occasional diagonal (right up) markings reaching well into the plain part above the incised line. There are also small finger impressions.

3C

Pot Type 3C, KC III, NAB 18, H5, Item 15

H: 9.5; Hr: 1; Wr: 10.5; Wm: 11.5; Thw: 0.7-1; Wgt: 250. Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 13 Small globular bowl Type 3C. Hemispherical body. Direct rim, slightly flattened on top. Coarse buff ware. Roughly made, heavy. Below a smoothed band of 2 cm, body outside coarsely (5:10) but faintly cordmarked in a rough criss-cross pattern; some marks also on smoothed band. Red slip on flattened top of rim. Inside left rough. Diffuse dark patch on outside bottom.

3C

Pot Type 3C, KC III, Burial 6, Find 13

About 75% complete. H: 8; Wr: 9; Wm: 10.2; Thw: 1.1-0.4; Wgt: 200

89

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 9, Find 18 Medium globular bowl Type 3C. Spherical body.Inverted direct rim, rounded lip. Ochre ware. Rim outside covered with dark red slip to 1 cm below lip. Body from there on downward coarsely (4:10) cord-marked, vertically on top, slightly right-leaning further down. Almost complete, small pieces of rim and bottom missing. Broken in 15 medium sherds. H: 9.5; Wr: 10.5; Wm: 12.6; Thw: 0.4-0.9; Wgt: 340.

3C

Pot Type 3C, KC III, Burial 9, Find 18

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 30, Find 1, Pot 120 Small globular bowl. Hemispherical body. Direct rim, slightly flattened on top.

3C

H: 7.5; Wr: 7.5; W: 9.1.

Pot Type 3C, KC II, Burial 30, Pot 120

90

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.22, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 3Ca to 3Da pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 17

3Ca

Small globular bowl Type 3Ca. Heavy spherical body. Slightly inturned rim producing a small carination; rim pointed on top, very slightly rounded. Buff ware. Traces of irregular criss-cross cord-marking (6:10) from carination down. Large dark patch on outside bottom. About 50% preserved. The extant half of the pot is broken in one large sherd amounting to almost one third of entire vessel and 4 smaller sherds; 4 still smaller sherds could not be fitted. All sherds very worn and surface badly eroded.

Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, Burial 6, Find 17

H: 8.5; Wr: 8; Wm: 10.5; Thw (except pointed rim): 0.9-0.7; Wgt: 170. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 15, G5, Pot “1422”

3Ca

Small hemispherical bowl Type 3Ca. Hemispherical body. Low direct rim tapering off to a pointed top from a slight carination outside and inside. Buff/ochre ware. Body and rim inside roughly smoothed with a 4 mm-wide spatula. Rim outside covered with red slip. Body below rim finely (5:10) cord-marked, vertically on upper body, criss-crossed further down.

Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, NAB 15, G5, “1422”

H: 5.7; Hr: 0.8; Wr: 9.8; Wc/m: 10.5; Thw: 0.3-0.8; Wgt: 160. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 8, E5, Pot “F1”

3Ca

E5 Pot "F1": Small globular bowl Type 3Ca. Body almost spherical inside, slight carination outside marking the beginning of an inverted straight direct rim. Dark orange ware, dark brown in break. Bowl inside and rim outside burnished with a 2.5 mm-wide implement. Body below rim very finely (10:10) but irregularly cord-marked. H: 8.1; Hr/c: 2; Wr: 8.8; Wc: 10.5; Wm: 10.7; On: 8; Thw: 0.4-0.6; Wgt: 260.

Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, NAB 8, E5, “F1”

Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 14, E6, Pot “X”

3Ca

E6 Pot "X": Medium hemispherical bowl Type 3Ca. Body inside hemispherical, outside soft carination marking the beginning of a very slightly inverted direct rim, pointed on top. Orange ware, dark brown in break; crudely fashioned by hand. Beginning of rim at carination marked by an irregular wavy line which could be a result of fashioning the vessel but could also be an intentional element of decoration. Faint patches of medium irregular cord-marking on body and also some on the outside of the otherwise plain rim.

Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, NAB 14, E6, “X”

H: 6.3; Hr: 1.8; Wr: 11; Wc/m: 12.2; Thw: 0.4-0.7; Wgt: 75.

91

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 17, E6, Pot “X2”

3Ca

E6 Pot "X2": Medium hemispherical bowl Type 3Ca. Body inside hemispherical, outside with slight carination marking the beginning of a slightly inverted direct rim, tapering off to a point. Buff/ochre ware, Rim plain. Body below rim finely (5:10?) but very faintly cord-marked. H: 7.5; Hr: 2; Wr: 11; Wc/m: 13; Thw: 0.6-0.7. Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, NAB 17, E6, “X2” Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 21, F3, Pot “2423”

3Ca

F3 Pot "2423": Medium hemispherical bowl Type 3Ca. Body inside hemispherical, outside slight carination marking the beginning of a very slightly inverted direct rim, rounded on top. Buff/ochre ware. Crudely shaped by hand. Rim outside covered with red slip. Body below rim faintly irregularly medium (4:10? cord-marked (bottom missing). Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, NAB 21, F3, “2423”

H (est.): 7.3; Hr: 2.1; Wr: 11; Wc/m: 12.3; Thw: 0.6-0.8.

Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 27, F5, Pot “109”

3Ca

F5 Pot "109": Medium globular bowl Type 3Ca. Body almost spherical inside, outside a hardly noticeable carination marking the beginning of a straight inverted direct rim, rounded on top. Coarsely made, Rim outside covered with red slip. Body below rim faintly medium (4:10) vertically cord marked. Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, NAB 27, F5, “109”

H: 8; Hr: 1.7; Wr: 8; Wc: 10.5; Wm: 11.5; On: 7.6; Thw: 0.30.7; Wgt: 320. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 30, F6, Pot “2002”

3Ca

F6 Pot "2002": Medium hemispherical bowl Type 3Ca. Body (bottom missing) presumably hemispherical inside, outside carination marking beginning of slightly inverted direct rim, tapering off to a point. Dark ochre/brown ware, dark brown in break. Rim plain. Body from carination down finely (5:10) and regularly cord-marked, slightly left-leaning diagonally (inverted v-shaped impressions).

Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, NAB 30, F6, “2002”

H (est.): 6.5; Hr: 1.8; Wr: 9; Wc/m: 11.5; Thw (est.): 0.5-0.7; Wgt: 60. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 31, E6, Pot “2299a” F6 Pot "2299a": Small spherical bowl Type 3Ca. Body spherical inside, outside very slight carination marking the beginning of a straight inverted direct rim, rounded on top. Buff ware, orange and black patches. Roughly fashioned by hand. Rim outside plain and smoothed. Body below rim finely (5:10) but patchily cord-marked in criss-cross fashion except for part immediately below rim which is mostly vertically marked. Inside body roughly smoothed, outside surface somewhat bumpy.

3Ca

Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, NAB 31, F6, “2299a”

H: 7.6; Hr: 2.2; Wr: 7.2; Wc: 9.6; Wm: 10.1; Thw: 0.6-0.8; Wgt: 250.

92

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 32, F6, Pot “2140”

3Ca

F6 Pot "2140": Medium hemispherical bowl Type 3Ca. Body inside hemispherical, outside slight carination marking the beginning of straight direct rim with everted lip, rounded on top. Buff/ochre ware. Crudely fashioned by hand. Traces of red slip outside rim. Body below rim very faintly cordmarked, too faint to see nature or direction of markings. One large rim- and body-sherd to lower body only; bottom missing. About 15% of pot.

Pot Type 3Ca, KC III, NAB 32, F6, “2140”

H (est.): 7.3; Hr: 2.5; Wr: 11.8; Wc/m: 12.7; Thw (est.): 0.5-1. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 1, Pot 214

3Ca

Small globular bowl. Heavy spherical body. Slightly inturned rim producing a small carination; rim pointed on top, very slightly rounded. About half of foot and centre of bottom missing. H (est): 9; Wr: 8; Wgt:135. Pot Type 3Ca, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 214 Source: Khok Charoen III, F6, Pot “1456”

3D

Small globular bowl. Heavy spherical body. Slightly inturned rim producing a small carination; rim pointed on top, very slightly rounded. Virtual, reconstructed from single sherd H (est): 7; Wr: 6. Pot Type 3D, KC III, F6, Pot “1456” Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 12, Pot 176

3Da

Small heavily hemispherical bowl. Very slightly out-turned direct rim, pointed on top. Body from 2.5 cm below rim finely (6-7:10) cord-marked vertically. H: 7.4; Wr/m: 11.5; Wgt: 350. Pot Type 3Da, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 176

93

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.23, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 3E to 3Ea pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

3E Pot Type 3E, KC III, Burial 1, Find 6

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 1, Find 6 Small shallow bowl Type 3E. Direct rim at carination. Ochre ware. Outside rim covered with haematite slip. Body outside cross cordmarked 5:10. Inside burnished. Some diffuse black patches on one side of body (outside only). About 75% preserved. Broken in one large (about 1/4) and 3 medium sherds. H: 3.9; Hr: 1; Hc: 2.9; Wr: 10.2; Wm: 11; Wgt: 150 Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 14

3E Pot Type 3E, KC III, Burial 6, Find 14

Small shallow bowl Type 3E. Heavy roughly shaped body. Direct pointed rim. Buff ware. Body outside coarsely (5:10) but faintly cord-marked in a rough criss-cross pattern, identical to Find 13. Faint traces of red slip on edge of rim and as an irregular band of 1-2 cm width below rim directly on cord-marks (i.e. not smoothed). Diffuse large dark patch on almost the entire outside of body; smaller inside. About 75% complete. H: 3.5; Wr/m: 8.5; Thw: up to 1.3; Wgt: 80. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 21, H5, “1179”

3E Pot Type 3E, KC III, NAB 21, H5, “1179”

Medium shallow dish Type 3E. Body irregular shallow spherical segment. Vertical incurving unrestricted rim, rounded on top. Ochre ware. Roughly fashioned by hand. Plain except for irregular medium (4:10) cord-marking on body below rim. About 80% complete. H: 3; Hr: 1; Wr: 9.6; Wc/m: 10; Thw: 0.7-0.8; Wgt: 140. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 19

3E Pot Type 3E, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 19

Shallow dish-like bowl Type 3E. Hemispherical shallow body. Direct rim, slightly pointed top. Crudely shaped by hand. Ochre ware. Plain. Inside smoothed superficially with a small tool (spatula?). Horizontal striations outside rim. Complete. H: 4.1; Wr/m: 12.6; Thw: 0.4-0.7; Wgt: 210. Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 9, E5, “F2”

3E

Pot Type 3E, KC IV, NAB 9, E5, F2

E5 Pot "F2": Small shallow bowl Type 3E. Body hemispherical inside; outside very slight carination 1.2 cm below top of direct rim. Dark orange ware, dark brown in break. Inside smoothed or burnished with a 2.5 mm-wide implement. Outside weathered but showing faint traces of very fine (10:10?) cord-marking (intentionally smoothed?) About 2/3 complete; broken in 2 large and 7 small sherds. No sign of impact visible. H: 3.6; Wr/m: 9; Thw: 0.3-0.5; Wgt: 60.

94

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 13, E5, “2060”

3E

Pot Type 3E, KC IV, NAB 13, E5, “2060”

E5 Pot "2060": Medium shallow bowl Type 3E. Body inside (presumably) shallow hemispherical, outside soft carination marking the beginning of a low, slightly inverted direct rim. Buff/ochre ware, crudely fashioned by hand. Rim outside covered with red slip. Body cord-marked (very faintly, probably medium and not very regularly). Only one medium rim-sherd (about 1/9 of bowl), lower body missing. H (est.): 4.8; Hr: 1.2; Wr: 14; Wc/m: 14.5; Thw: 0.5-0.7. Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 18, E6, “2077”

3E

Pot Type 3E, KC IV, NAB 18, E6, “2077”

E6 Pot "2077": Medium hemispherical bowl Type 3E. Body inside shallow hemispherical, outside with soft carination marking the beginning of a low vertical direct rim tapering off to a rounded point. Buff/ochre ware. Rim shows traces of red slip. Body below rim finely (6:10?) but faintly cord-marked. One medium rim-sherd only (about 1/8 of pot but without the bottom part). H (est.): 5.5; Hr: 1; Wr: 13.2; Wc/m: 13.8; Thw: 0.6-0.8. Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 28, F6, “P1”

3E Pot Type 3E, KC IV, NAB 28, F6, “P1”

F6 Pot "P1": Small shallow dish Type 3E. Body in the form of a spherical segment, direct rim, pointed on top. Ochre ware. Roughly fashioned by hand; there are also numerous impressions left by a small spatula-like implement, Plain inside and outside. Complete (only a small piece of rim missing), broken in 1 large and 3 medium sherds. H: 3.5; Wr/m: 8.8; Thw: 0.4-0.9; Wgt: 130.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 29, F6, “P2”

3E Pot Type 3E, KC IV, NAB 29, F6, “P2”

F6 Pot "P2": Small shallow dish Type 3E. Body in the form of a spherical segment, direct rim, pointed on top. Ochre ware with orange patches inside and outside, dark brown in break. Roughly fashioned by hand, with irregularities and impressions from unknown sources. Plain inside and outside. About 5/6 complete, broken in 1 medium and 5 small sherds; lime incrusted. H: 2.8; Wr/m: 9; Thw: 0.3-0.5; Wgt: 50. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 22, Find 1, Pot 76

3E

Medium shallow bowl. Direct rim at carination. H: 5.0; Wr: 12.2; W: -. Pot Type 3E, KC II, Burial 22, Pot 76

95

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 31, Find 1, Pot 126

3E

Small shallow bowl. Direct rim at carination. H: 4.9; Wr: 10.8; W: -.

Pot Type 3E, KC II, Burial 31, Pot 126

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 1, Pot 177

3E

Medium shallow bowl. Direct rim at carination. Pot Type 3E, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 177

H: 15.0; Wr: 20.5; W: 20.8.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 1, Pot 178

3E

Small shallow bowl. Direct rim at carination. Pot Type 3E, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 178

H: 3.8; Wr/m: 9.0; Wgt: 120.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 7, Pot 184

3E

Medium shallow bowl. Direct rim at carination. Pot Type 3E, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 184

3Ea Pot Type 3Ea, KC III, NAB 5, E7, “1241”

H: -; Wr/m: 12; Wgt:255.

Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 5, E7, “1241” Small shallow dish Type 3Ea. Body shallow spherical segment with vertical incurving unrestricted rim. Very dark buff ware. Plain throughout. Crudely shaped by hand. One single rim- and wall-sherd down to bottom, about 1/6 of pot. H: 2.2; Hr: 0.8; Wr: 9; Wc/m: 9.1; Thw: 0.5. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 7, F5, “1139b”

3Ea Pot Type 3Ea, KC III, NAB 7, F5, “1139b”

Small shallow dish Type 3Ea. Body shallow spherical segment with direct everted rim, tapering off to a pointed edge. Ochre ware. Plain throughout. Crudely shaped by hand (a small child's finger impressions clearly visible on bottom). H: 3.3; Wr/m: 9.5; Thw: 0.7-0.8. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 12, F5, “1621”

3Ea

Pot Type 3Ea, KC III, NAB 12, F5, “1621”

Small shallow dish Type 3Ea. Body shallow spherical segment with a very short vertical incurving unrestricted rim, rounded on top. Ochre ware. Plain throughout. Crudely shaped by hand (small finger impressions visible outside rim). Only one sherd found, from rim to mid-bottom, being about 12% of entire pot. H: 2.6; Hr: 0.7; Wr: 8.7; Wm: 9; Thw: 0.8.

96

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 19, F5, “Item 16”

3Ea Pot Type 3Ea, KC III, NAB 19, F5, Item 16

Medium shallow dish Type 3Ea. Body irregular shallow spherical segment. Direct rim tapering off to a pointed edge. Buff ware. Plain throughout. Roughly fashioned by hand with many marks and finger impressions. H: 2; Wr/m: 11; Thw: 0.3-0.9; Wgt: 140. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 10

3Ea Pot Type 3Ea, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 10

Small shallow dish Type 3Ea. Shallow round-bottomed body. Slightly upturned rounded rim. Crudely fashioned by hand (small finger prints visible). Buff ware. No decoration of any kind. About 4/5 complete, broken in two medium and two small sherds. H: 2.3; Wr/m: 9.6; Thw: 0.7-0.8; Wgt: 100.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 33, Find 4, Pot 143

3Ea

Small shallow dish. Body shallow spherical segment with vertical incurving unrestricted rim. Pot Type 3Ea, KC II, Burial 33, Pot 143

H: 8.3; Wr: 10.2; W: 13.0.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 8, Pot 185

3Ea

Small shallow dish. Body shallow spherical segment with vertical incurving unrestricted rim. Pot Type 3Ea, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 185

H: 3.0; Wr: 4.0; W: -; Wgt: 90.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 9, Pot 186

3Ea Pot Type 3Ea, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 186

Small shallow dish. Body shallow spherical segment with vertical incurving unrestricted rim. H: 3; Wr: 4; W: -; Wgt: 90.

97

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

2.10 Tables of Class 4 Pots Table 2.24, Khok Charoen III Type 4A pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 1, Find 1

4A

Large footed bowl Type 4A. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. Buff ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Body outside slightly darker than inside and burnished to a brighter finish. Traces of red slip on outside of rim. Almost complete. Body broken in 3 large, 4 medium and 3 small pieces; foot broken off body, in two halves. Two small rim sherds of body and one of foot missing. H: 15; Hf: 5; Wr: 21.5; Wm: 22.5; Wtf: 7.5; Wbf: 12.2; ThwB: 1.1-0.5; ThwBb: 1.5; ThwF:1.8-0.4; Wgt: 1,125.

Pot Type 4A, KC III, Burial 1, Find 1

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 4, Find 1

4A

Large footed bowl Type 4A. Conical truncated body. Upturned rounded rim. Conical truncated foot. Brickcoloured ware. Plain but surface smoothed and burnished throughout except inside foot. About 85% complete. Body broken in 1 large, 7 medium and 8 small sherds; triangular segment of rim missing. Foot entire including the bottom of bowl. H: 13; Hf: 6; Wr/m: 18.2; Wtf: 7: Wbf: 13; ThwB: 0.8-0.7; ThwBb: 1; ThwF: 0.8-0.6; Wgt: 900.

Pot Type 4A, KC III, Burial 4, Find 1

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 4, Find 3

4A

Large footed bowl Type 4A. Slightly convex conical truncated body. Upturned rim. Foot conical/slightly bellshaped. Buff ware. Plain but surface smoothed (burnished?) throughout except inside foot. Next to (beyond) skull, slightly to left, tilted towards skull with rim almost touching it. About 85% complete. Body broken in 7 large and a number of medium and small sherds. Four medium sherds missing. H: 13.5; Hf: 4; Wr/m: 20; Wtf: 9; Wbf: 12; ThwB: 1.5-0.6; ThwBb: 1.2-1.1; ThwF: 0.9-0.7; Wgt: 950.

Pot Type 4A, KC III, Burial 4, Find 3

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 5, Find 5

4A

Large footed bowl Type 4A. Conical truncated body. Upturned rim, flattened on top. Foot conical. Coarse buff ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Almost complete. Broken in about 35 mainly medium sherds. Signs of an impact at rim on E-side. H: 15; Hf: 4.8; Wr/m: 22.5; Wtf: 8; Wbf: 12.6; ThwB: 1.5-0.6; ThwBb: 1.8; ThwF: 1.4-0.6; Wgt: 1,300. Pot Type 4A, KC III, Burial 5, Find 5

98

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 5, Find 6

4A

Large footed bowl Type 4A. Slightly convex conical truncated body. Upturned rim, soft carination. Foot slightly concave conical. Coarse buff ware. 55 Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Complete, some small rim-sherds missing. Broken in 4 large (including foot in one piece), 7 medium and 5 small sherds. Signs of an impact on rim. H: 14; Hf: 4; Wr: 21; Wm: 21.2; Wtf: 8.5; Wbf: 10.2; ThwB: 0.9-0.6; ThwBb: 1.3-0.9; ThwF: 1.5-0.6; Wgt: 1,050. Pot Type 4A, KC III, Burial 5, Find 6

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 8

4A

Footed bowl Type 4A. Slightly S-curved conical truncated body. Upturned rounded rim, flattened on top. Foot straight conical truncated. Buff-orange ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Complete. Foot in one piece, including bottom of body. Body broken fairly evenly in 15 medium to small sherds. H: 12; Hf: 4; Wr: 19; Wm: 19.6; Wtf: 6.5; Wbf: 11; ThwB: 0.80.5; ThwBb: 0.8-0.7; ThwF 1-0.4; Wgt: 800.

Pot Type 4A, KC III, Burial 6, Find 8

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 9

4A

Medium footed bowl Type 4A. Slightly convex conical truncated body. Upturned straight rim slightly out-turned rounded top. Buff ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. About 75% complete. Broken fairly evenly in medium to small sherds. H: 11.4; Hf: 3.5; Wr/m: 15.4; Wtf: 7.2; Wbf: 10; ThwB: 0.80.4; ThwBb: 0.8; ThwF: 0.6-0.4; Wgt: 320.

Pot Type 4A, KC III, Burial 6, Find 9

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 11

4A

Footed bowl Type 4A. Conical truncated body. Upturned slightly rounded rim, rounded on top. Foot straight conical. Buff-orange ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. About 80% complete. About one quarter of body missing, remainder broken in 11 medium sherds. Foot in one piece, including bottom of body. H: 13; Hf: 5; Wr/m: 20; Wtf: 8.5; Wbf: 12.8; ThwB: 1-0.6; ThwBb: 1-0.8; ThwF: 0.9-0.5; Wgt: 800. Pot Type 4A, KC III, Burial 6, Find 11

99

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 15

4A

Large footed bowl Type 4A. Almost hemispherical shallow body. Rounded upturned rim, slightly flattened on top. Buff ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. About 40% complete. About half of body and entire foot (except for the upper part of it attached to bottom of body) missing. Extant body broken in one large and 5 medium sherds. Pot Type 4A, KC III, Burial 6, Find 15

H (body only): 10.2; Wr/m: 25; Wtf: 9.5; ThwB: 1-0.6; ThwBb: 1; Wgt: 520.

100

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.25, Khok Charoen IV Type 4A pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 1, Find 2

4A

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 1, Find 2

Large footed bowl Type 4A. Convex conical truncated body. Slightly inverted direct rim, flattened on top. Foot conical truncated. Buff ware, orange surface. Plain. Covered with orange slip and polished throughout except inside foot. About 85% complete. Body broken fairly evenly in over 20 medium sherds. Foot broken into 3 pieces one of which comprises bottom of body. H: 14.5; Hf: 4.4; Wr: 22.8; Wm: 23.5; Wtf: 8.8; Wbf: 14; ThwB: 1.2-0.6; ThwBb: 1.2-0.9; ThwF: 1-0.5; Wgt: 1,010.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 1, Find 4

4A

Large footed bowl Type 4A. Slightly convex conical truncated body. Slightly inverted direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical truncated. Dark reddish ware. Plain. Red pigment spread irregularly on interior wall (probably traces of slip). About 65% complete (one entire side of upper part of bowl missing). Rest of body broken in only 3 large and 4 medium sherds. Foot in one piece, including bottom and parts of lower body of bowl. Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 1, Find 4

H: 14.5; Hf: 5.5; Wr: 20.2; Wm: 20.9; Wtf: 7.4; Wbf: 11.2; ThwB: 0.5-1; ThwBb: 0.9-1.1; ThwF: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 770. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 2, Find 2

4A

Footed bowl Type 4A. Truncated conical, slightly convex body. Slightly inverted rim. Foot truncated conical. Ochre ware, orange surface. Plain but "well-finished, thin slip and burnished. Parallel striations inside the rim" (Ho 1984, I: 254). Broken but apparently entire, upright on pelvis, slightly tilted to E.

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 2, Find 3

H: 13; Hf: 5; Wr: 18; Wm: 18.5; Wgt: 860. [NB: no other measurements available; shape of body and foot, as well as wall-thickness partly conjectural]

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 5, Find 5

4A

Footed bowl Type 4A. Shallow hemispheric bowl. Slightly incurving direct rim, flattened lip. Truncated conical foot. Red ware. Plain. Covered in dark red slip and burnished throughout except inside foot. Complete but foot broken off in one piece.

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 5, Find 5

H: 12.7; Hf: 6; Wr: 20; Wm: 20.5; Wtf: c. 8.3; Wbf: c. 9; ThwB: c. 0.5-1; ThwBb: c. 1; ThwF: c. 0.4-0.9; Wgt: 865.

101

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 5, Find 6

4A

Footed bowl Type 4A. Truncated conical deep body. Slightly incurving direct rim. Truncated conical foot, flaring at base. Weathered surface. Plain. No sign of any surface treatment. About half of the pot missing (i.e. most of what was not under Find 5). H: 15.8; Hf: 6.5; Wr: 20; Wm: 21; Wtf: c. 6.5; Wbf: c. 12.5; ThwB: c. 0.5-1; ThwBb: c. 1.1; ThwF: c. 0,5-1.2; Wgt: 550.

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 5, Find 6 Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 12

4A

Foot of a footed bowl, probably 4A. Truncated conical, flaring base. Ochre ware. Plain; outside and inside smoothed, leaving striations (smoothing done with a tool?). Next to (about 15 cm to NW of skull and slightly above it), opening of base of foot to NW. Complete and unbroken, broken off bowl in a regular, circular way, leaving the bottom part of the bowl attached to the foot. Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 12

H: 4; Wtf: 7.4; Wbf: 12.5; ThwBb: 0.9-1.1; ThwF: 0.5-1; Wgt: 250. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 11

4A

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 11

Footed bowl Type 4A. Hemispherical body. Direct rim rounded on top. Wide truncated conical foot, slightly convex on outside. Ochre ware, dark brown in break, orange surface. Plain. Body inside and outside and foot outside coated with orange slip and probably polished. Complete except for 3 small sherds, broken in one large piece (foot and bottom of bowl) and 20 medium and small sherds, evenly distributed around body. H: 11.5; Hf: 3.8; Wr: 17.8; Wm: 18.1; Wtf: 8.4; Wbf: 11.5; ThwB: 0.4-0.8; ThwBb: 0.5; ThwF: 0.6-0.9; Wgt: 500. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 12

4A

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 12

Footed bowl Type 4A. Hemispherical body. Almost direct rim (slight carination at outside denoting beginning of rim; no sign of this inside). Straight truncated conical foot. Brownish-ochre ware, dark grey-brown in break, light orange surface, Plain. Body inside and outside and foot outside coated with orange (?) slip and lightly polished. Complete except for one small rim-piece (1x6 cm) and adjacent upper body wall sherd (1.5x3 cm). Broken into one large piece (foot and bottom of bowl), one other large sherd (about 1/3 of body, including rim) and 10 medium sherds accounting for the other 2/3. H: 11.5; Hr: 1.5; Hf: 3.6; Wr: 18.5; Wm/c: 18.9; Wtf: 8.4; Wbf: 11.6; ThwB: 0.5-0.9; ThwBb: 1; ThwF: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 680.

102

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 17

4A

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 17

Footed bowl Type 4A. Body inside hemispherical, outside slight carination at beginning of rim. Rounded lip. Foot truncated conical. Orange-ochre ware, grey in break. Plain. Outside body and foot and inside body smoothed and covered with a dark brown slip polished to a sheen, leaving the original orangeochre colour visible inside the foot. Small incised horizontal groove 0.5 cm below lip, on outside. Complete except for a 6x8 cm part of body and some small sherds of foot, together not more than 1/10 of pot. Broken in three large pieces (foot and bottom of bowl, and two large parts of body) and 12 medium and smaller sherds. Impact probably where the large body sherd and the small sherds of foot are missing, i.e. on upper side. H: 10.8; Hr: 1.6; Hf: 3.2; Wr: 18.2; Wm: 18.4; Wtf: 8.5; Wbf: 11.2; ThwB: 0.4-0.7; ThwBb: 0.6-0.9; ThwF: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 650. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 23

4A

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 23

Footed bowl Type 4A. Body hemispherical inside, slight soft carination outside. Very slightly incurving rim, rounded lip. Concave foot. Ochre ware, dark brown in break, orange surface. Plain. Coated with orange slip and polished throughout except inside foot. Complete, broken in one large piece consisting of more than half the pot (entire foot, the bottom and half the wall of the bowl), while the other part was broken in 10 medium and small sherds; this smaller part was clearly broken off the bigger one but the manner in which this occurred remains unknown. H: 10.5; Hf: 3.5; Wr: 16.5; Wm: 17; Wtf: 7; Wbf: 9.4; ThwB: 0.50.9; ThwBb: 0.8-0.9; ThwF: 0.5-1.2; Wgt: 450.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, UCB, Find 1, Pot “A”

4A

(x Pot "A") Footed bowl Type 4A. Hemispherical body inside,

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, UCB, Find 1. “A”

with soft carination outside denoting beginning of rim. Upturned direct rim, rounded on top. Slightly convex foot with rounded base. Ochre ware, orange surface inside and outside; darker in break. Plain but burnished inside and outside except inside foot. Almost complete except for some small wall-sherds. Foot in one piece, including bottom of body. Upper part of body broken in two large and 6 medium sherds; a ring of small sherds between body and foot seem to indicate that it was steady compacting pressure from above which caused the pot to break while the root growing through it eventually made it assume the position in which it was found. Pot "A" was very probably originally standing in an upright position with Pot "B" on top and in it. (NB: this was the only Type 1A pot in Khok Charoen). H: 12.3; Hr: 2.6; Hf: 4; Wr/m: 19.2; Wc: 19; Wtf: 7.2; Wbf: 10.7; ThwB: 0.4-0.9; ThwBb: 0.6-1; ThwF: 0.6-0.8; Wgt: 680.

103

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, UCB, Find 5, Pot “E”

4A

Pot Type 4A, KC IV, UCB, Find 5, “E”

(xPot "E") Footed bowl Type 4A. Almost hemispherical body. Vertical direct rim, rounded on top. Large truncated conical foot, rounded base. Ochre ware, darker in break. Plain but smoothed (burnished?) inside and outside, except inside foot. Found upright, second in the second row of three pots stretching SW-NE. 50-65 cm b.s. Almost complete, broken into foot (complete and in one piece) and 12 medium to large body sherds. Although found together, perfectly fitting and apparently in situ, body and foot are quite different in colour and weathering: whereas the body is ochre in colour and free of lime incrustations H: 14.8; Hf: 5; Wr: 21; Wm: 21.2; Wtf: 8.1; Wbf: 13.4; ThwB: 0.81.1; ThwBb: 0.8-1; ThwF: 0.6-1.5; Wgt: 1,360. Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB, Find 3, “A”

4A

Pot "A": Large footed bowl Type 4A. Body almost hemispherical inside and with very soft carination outside. Foot slightly convex truncated conical. Ochre/orange ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Complete except for two small sherds of rim and foot; in one piece. Pot Type 4A, KC IV, NAB, Find 3, “A”

H: 12.2; Hf: 4.5; Wr: 18.6; Wm: 19; Wtf: 7.5; Wbf: 10.6; ThwB: 0.6-0.8; ThwBb: 0.6-0.8; ThwF: 0.5-0.6. Wgt: 720. Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB, Find 15, “Z1”

4A

Pot "Z1": Large footed bowl Type 4A. Shallow almost hemispherical body inside, slight carination outside, marking the beginning of a vertical direct rim with rounded top. Foot truncated conical. Dark ochre ware. Plain but well smoothed (burnished?) throughout except inside foot. About 4/5 complete; parts of one side of body and rim and about half foot missing Pot Type 4A, KC IV, NAB, Find 15, “Z1”

H: 11.4; Hr: 2.3; Hf: 3.3; Wr: 19.3; Wc/m: 19.8; Wtf: 7.8; Wbf: 10.5; ThwB: 0.4-0.8; ThwBb: 0.6-0.8; ThwF: 0.6-0.7; Wgt: 680. Source: Khok Charoen IV, UCB, Find 5, “Z2”

4A

Pot "Z2": Large footed bowl Type 4A. Body almost hemispherical inside, very slight carination outside, marking the beginning of a very slightly inverted direct rim with flattened top. Concave truncated conical foot with rounded base. The pot being totally charred, the original colour of its ware cannot be ascertained. Plain but well smoothed (burnished?) throughout except inside foot. About half the pot preserved. Pot Type 4A, KC IV, UCB, Find 5, “Z2”

H: 13; Hr: 2.2; Hf: 4; Wr: 19; Wc/m: 20; Wtf: 7; Wbf: 11.2; ThwB: 0.6-0.9; ThwBb: 1.1-1.2; ThwF: 0.9-1.1; Wgt: 400.

104

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.26, Khok Charoen II Type 4A pots, Nos. 2 to 114 Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 1, Find 2, Pot 2

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. H: 11.5; Wr: 20.1; W: 20.3; Wgt: 605. Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 1, Pot 2 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 6, Find 2, Pot 22

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot missing. H (body only): 9.5; Wr/m: 19.5; Wgt: 480.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 6, Pot 22

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 8, Pot 31 Foot only of large footed bowl. Foot straight truncated conical.

4A

Hf: 5.2; Wtf: 10; Wbf: 14.5.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 31 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 10, Pot 33

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly concave. H: 14.5; Wr/m: 20.0; Wgt: 1600.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 33

105

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 8, Find 2, Pot 36

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. H: 13.5; Wr: 16.8; W: 17.5.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 8, Pot 36

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 9, Find 2, Pot 42

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 9, Pot 42

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 10, Find 3, Pot 47

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. H: 12.4; Wr: 17.8; W: 17.8.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 10, Pot 47

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 19, Pot 96

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. H: 15.0; Wr: 21.6; W: 22.5.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 96

106

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 25, Find 2, Pot 98

4A

Large footed bowl. Slightly convex conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly convex. H: 12.0; Wr: 19.5; Wm: 19.7; Wgt: 690.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 25, Pot 98 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 28, Find 2, Pot 109

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost straight conical truncated body, direct rounded rim, foot conical about 2/3 complete. H: 12.0; Wr/m: 20.0; Wgt: 610.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 28, Pot 109 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 28, Find 5, Pot 112

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, direct rounded rim, foot missing. H: 4.5; Wr/m: 21.0; Wgt: 1080.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 28, Pot 112 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 28, Find 7, Pot 114

4A

Large footed bowl. Foot conical but slightly concave. H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 28

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 28, Pot 114

107

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.27, Khok Charoen II Type 4A pots, Nos. 115 to 155 Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 29, Find 1, Pot 115

4A

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical truncated body, direct rounded rim, foot conical. H: 14.5; Wr: 23.2; Wm: 23.8; Wgt: 1450.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 29, Pot 115 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 30, Find 4, Pot 123

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, direct rounded rim, foot conical. H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 1150.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 30, Pot 123 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 30, Find 5, Pot 124

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, high upturned rounded rim, foot conical. H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 725.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 30, Pot 124 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 30, Find 6, Pot 125

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, high upturned rounded rim, foot conical. H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 770.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 30, Pot 125

108

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 32, Find 1, Pot 133

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, Direct rounded rim, foot conical but slightly concave. H: 13.2; Wr/m: 20.2; Wgt: 220.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 32, Pot 133

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 32, Find 27, Pot 134

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical only about 1/3 preserved. H: 13.0; Wr/m: 21.0; Wgt 300.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 32, Pot 134

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 33, Find 3, Pot 142

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot missing. H: 14.0; Wr/m: 19.5; Wgt: 725.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 33, Pot 142

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35A, Find 3, Pot 148

4A

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical truncated body, direct rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. H: -; Wr/m: 25.0; Wgt: 1320.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 35A, Pot 148

109

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 2, Pot 151

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical, half missing. H: 11.5; Wr: 19.0; Wm: 19.6; Wgt: 870.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 35B/C, Pot 151

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 3, Pot 152

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost straight conical truncated body, direct rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 655.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 35B/C, Pot 152 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 5, Pot 154

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, direct rounded rim, foot conical but slightly bumpy. H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 600.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 35B/C, Pot 154 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 6, Pot 155

4A

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical truncated body, direct rounded rim, foot conical but slightly curved. Almost complete H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 855.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 35B/C, Pot 155

110

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.28, Khok Charoen II Type 4A pots, Nos. 156 to 223 Type

Image (25% FullSize)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 7, Pot 156

4A

Foot of large footed bowl, foot conical but slightly concave. H: -; Wr: -; Wbf: 8; Wgt: 125.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 35B/C, Pot 156 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 8, Pot 157

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, direct rounded rim, foot conical but slightly convex. H: -; Wr/m: 21.0; W: -; Wgt: 630.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 35B/C, Pot 157 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 4, Pot 168

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly wavy. H: 13.8; Wr: 20.5; Wm: 21.8; Wgt: 750.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 168 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 3, Pot 191

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical. H: 15.0; Wr: 21.0; Wm: 21.3; Wgt: 1115.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 191

111

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 5, Pot 193

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly concave. H: 12.8; Wr: 18.8; Wm: 19.6; Wgt: 1000.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 193 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 9, Pot 197

4A

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly convex. H: 12.0; Wr: 18.8; Wm: 19.2; Wgt: 1235.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 197 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 11, Pot 199

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical. H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 500.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 199 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 39, Find 1, Pot 202

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly concave. H: 11.7; Wr/m: 18.5; Wgt: 670.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 39, Pot 202

112

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 4, Pot 208

4A

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical but slightly concave. H: 13.2; Wr: 21.5; Wm: 22.0; Wgt: 940.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 208 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41, Find 1, Pot 218

4A

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical. H: 19.4; Wr: 18.4; Wm: 18.3; Wgt: 720

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 218 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41, Find 6, Pot 223

4A

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, foot conical 1/5 of body missing. H: 11.2; Wr: 18.1; Wm: 18.3; Wgt: 565.

Pot Type 4A, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 223

113

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.29, Khok Charoen III and IV Type 4Aa and 4Ab pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 1, Find 7

4Aa

Large footed bowl Type 4Aa. Upturned almost direct rounded rim. Nearly hemispherical body. Relatively small foot with outturned rim. Brick-coloured ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Small black patch on one side of upper body. Almost complete. Body broken in 8 medium and 18 smaller sherds. Pot Type 4Aa, KC III, Burial 1, Find 7

H: 13.5; Hf: 3.7; Wr: 21.5; Wm: 21.9; Wtf: 7.4; Wbf: 11.8; ThwB: 0.8-0.6; ThwBb: 1.1-0.8; ThwF: 0.7-0.5; Wgt: 920.

Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 3, Pot “1653”

4Aa

Large footed bowl Type 4Aa. Hemispherical body, inverted slightly concave unrestricted rim, flattened on top. Foot truncated conical, slightly convex, outcurving base. Buff ware, orange surface treatment. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Lip differentiated from rim by an incised horizontal line outside, 4 mm below top of rim. Complete except for two small sherds.

Pot Type 4Aa, KC III, NAB 3, “1653”

H: 14.5; Hr: 1.8; Hf: 4.5; Wr: 22; Wm: 22.4; Wtf: 8.8; Wbf: 13; ThwB: 0.4-0.8; ThwBb: 0.8-1.1; ThwF: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 980.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 13

4Aa

Pot Type 4Aa, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 13

Footed bowl Type 4Aa. Truncated conical body. Upturned slightly convex rim, rounded lip. Truncated conical foot, very slightly flaring base. Ochre ware, dark brown in break, orange surface. Plain. Bowl inside and outside burnished; foot only roughly smoothed on outside, inside still less. Complete, broken in about 25 medium and small sherds, the smallest being on the upper side of the bowl. H: 10.8; Hf: 3.2; Hr: 2.5; Wr/m: 17; Wtf: 6; Wbf: 9.6; ThwB: 0.60.9; ThwBb: 0.7-0.9; ThwF: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 540. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 7

4Aa

Pot Type 4Aa, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 7

Footed bowl Type 4Aa. Reversed bell-shaped body. Incurving simple rim with outcurving rounded lip. Slightly convex truncated conical foot with flaring base. Ochre ware, brown in break, orange surface. Plain. Body inside and outside and foot outside smoothed without signs of having been burnished but probably polished. Only about 1/2 preserved, i.e. about 1/3 of pot from rim to foot plus almost all of rim on the other side. H: 11; Hf: 3; Wr: 16.2; Wm: 16.8; Wtf: 7; Wbf: 10; ThwB: 0.5-1; ThwBb: 0.7-0.8; ThwF: 0.5-1; Wgt: 350.

114

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 21

4Aa

Pot Type 4Aa, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 21

Footed bowl Type 4Aa. Body hemispherical inside, rounded carination to mark beginning of rim and slight convexity of outside rim. Foot truncated conical, slightly outcurving base. Ochre ware, dark brown in break, orange surface. Plain. Coated with orange slip and polished throughout except inside foot. Almost complete except for about 1/6 of body wall above foot missing. Foot and bottom of bowl in one piece, remainder of body wall broken in 18 medium and small sherds. H: 11.5; Hr: 2.8; Hf: 3; Wr: 16.5; Wm: 16.9; Wtf: 7.2; Wbf: 9.7; ThwB: 0.6-1.2; ThwBb: 0.9-1.1; ThwF: 0.6-1; Wgt: 520. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 25

4Aa

Pot Type 4Aa, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 25

Footed bowl Type 4Aa. Body inside hemispherical, small soft carination outside to mark the beginning of short upturned rim. Rounded lip. Flaring foot with rounded base. Ochre ware, darker in break. Plain. Body inside and outside, foot only outside, coated with orange slip and polished. A fine incised horizontal groove, 0.3 cm below top of the lip, separates it from the rim as such. Complete except for some small wall- and rim-sherds. Body broken in 30 small sherds, foot broken in 16 small sherds, 6 of which were of the bottom of bowl with which the foot formed one piece. H: 10.5; Hr: 1; Hf: 3.5; Wr: 17.7; Wc/m: 18.5; Wtf: 7; Wbf: 10.7; ThwB: 0.4-0.6; ThwBb: 0.5-0.6; ThwF: 0.5-0.7; Wgt: 450. Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 7, Pot “E”

4Aa

E5 Pot "E": Large footed bowl Type 4Aa. Hemispherical body (inside), outside with soft carination marking the beginning of the vertical direct rim. slightly convex truncated conical foot. Orange ware. Plain but burnished inside and outside except inside foot. Complete except for two small rim-pieces; broken neatly in 3 large sherds (foot with bottom of body and body broken in two halves), with 3 medium sherds between. Pot Type 4Aa, KC IV, NAB 7, “E”

H: 13.5; Hf: 4.3; Hr: 3; Wr/m: 18.2; Wc: 18; Wtf: 6; Wbf: 10; ThwB: 0.5-0.9; ThwBb: 0.6-1.2; ThwF: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 860. Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 7, Find 1

4Ab

Pot Type 4Aa, KC III, Burial 7, Find 1

Footed bowl Type 4Ab. Almost hemispherical shallow body. Slightly curved upturned rim, rounded on top. Straight truncated conical foot. Buff ware, faintly orange on surface. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. About 80% complete. Pot was found lying on its side, opening to NW. Body broken off its bottom and in about 30 medium to small sherds becoming smaller towards the side on which pot was lying (and part of which was missing), indicating possibly an impact there. Foot broken in only 4 pieces. H: 10; Hf: 3; Wr: 19; Wm: 19.5; Wtf: 8.5; Wbf: 11; ThwB: 1-0.6; ThwBb: 0.8; ThwF: 1-0.8; Wgt: 660.

115

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 18

4Ab

Pot Type 4Aa, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 18

Footed bowl Type 4Ab. Large shallow hemispherical dish-like body. Upturned, slightly convex rim with rounded lip. Small foot with slightly everted base, rounded base. Buff ware, buff in break, orange surface. Body inside and outside, foot only outside, smoothed and slightly burnished. Almost complete: only about 1/10 of rim and parts of upper body missing. Broken in c. 10 medium and 30 small sherds in an irregular pattern, indicating a possible point of impact at one side of mid-body. H: 10.3; Hr: 3.3; Hf: 2.4; Wr: 19; Wm: 19.6; Wtf: 6.4; Wbf: 8; ThwB: 0.5-0.9; ThwBb: 0.7-0.8; ThwF: 0.5-0.6; Wgt: ...

116

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.30, Khok Charoen II Type 4Ab pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7. Find 14, Pot 34

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly concave. H: 12.2; Wr: 23.8; W: 23.8.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 34 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 16. Find 7, Pot 59

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly convex. H: 14.3; Wr: 22.5; W: 23.2; Wgt: 980.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 16, Pot 59 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 17. Find 1, Pot 62

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly convex. H: 15.6; Wr: 24.6; W: 24.6.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 17, Pot 62 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 17. Find 3, Pot 64

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly concave. H: 12.0; Wr: 19.5; W: 20.0; Wgt: 900.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 17, Pot 64

117

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24. Find 12, Pot 89

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical. H: 12.8; Wr: 21.8; W: 22.8; Wgt: 1055.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 89

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24. Find 16, Pot 93 Large footed bowl. Hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly concave.

4Ab

H: 11.0; Wr: 18.8; W: 19.0; Wgt: 715.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 93 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38. Find 2, Pot 190

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with upturned rim. Foot conical slightly concave. H: 16.0; Wr: 22.3; W: 23.3; Wgt: 1300.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 190 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 39. Find 3, Pot 204

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly convex. H: 11.9; Wr: 20.8; W: 21.0.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 39, Pot 204

118

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41. Find 2, Pot 219

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly concave. H: 10.7; Wr: 17.8; W: 18.1; Wgt: 700.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 219 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41. Find 5, Pot 222

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly concave. H: 13.0; Wr: 19.4; W: 19.8; Wgt: 850.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 222 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41. Find 7, Pot 224

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical. H: 14.3; Wr: 22.5; W: 22.6; Wgt: 1000.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 224 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41. Find 8, Pot 225

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly concave. H: 12.0; Wr: 19.2; W: 20.2; Wgt: 830.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 225

119

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41. Find 9, Pot 226

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly concave. H: 12.3; Wr: 17.4; W: 17.7; Wgt: 655.

Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 226 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41. Find 13, Pot 230

4Ab

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body with direct rim. Foot conical slightly concave. H: 9.0; Wr: 16.0; W: 16.2; Wgt: 400. Pot Type 4Ab, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 230

120

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.31, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 4Ac to 4Ca pots

Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 7

4Ac

Footed bowl Type 4Ac. Straight conical truncated shallow body. Upturned rounded rim flattened on top. Foot straight conical truncated. Buff-orange ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Complete. Foot in one piece, including bottom of body. Body broken on N-side in 4 large and on S-side in 5 medium sherds. Pot Type 4Ac, KC III, Burial 6, Find 7

H: 10; Hf: 3.4; Wr: 19.6; Wm: 19.8; Wtf: 7.2; Wbf: 10.5; ThwB: 10.4; ThwBb: 0.7-0.6; ThwF: 0.5; Wgt: 740. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 11, E8, Pot “1548” Medium footed bowl Type 4Ac. Shallow hemispherical body, short vertical incurving unrestricted rim, rounded on top. Foot missing. Buff/yellow ware. Plain throughout. Body almost complete, broken in one large, 2 medium and 8 small sherds. Missing foot broken off body.

4Ac

Pot Type 4Ac, KC III, NAB 11, E8, “1548”

H (body only): 4.6; Hr: 1.2; Wr/m: 12; Wtf: 5.6; ThwB: 0.5-0.7; ThwBb: 0.5-0.6; Wgt: 130. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 18, Find 1, Pot 71

4Ad

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical body with up-turned rim. Broad concave foot with rounded junction with body. H: 8.0; Wr: 14.5; W: 14.5.

Pot Type 4Ad, KC II, Burial 18, Pot 71 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 6, Pot 83

4Ad

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical body with inturned rim. Broad concave foot with with rounded junction with body. H: 9.5; Wr: 18.0; W: 19.0. Pot Type 4Ad, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 83 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 4, Pot 181

4Ad

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical body with inturned rim. Conicalconvex foot with small out-turned vertical rim. H: -; Wr: 15.0; W: 17.0.

Pot Type 4Ad, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 181

121

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 5, Pot 182

4Ad

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical body with inturned rim. Broad concave foot with small out-turned vertical rim. H: 11.5; Wr: 19.0; W: 20.0.

Pot Type 4Ad, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 182 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 14, Pot 163

4B

Large footed bowl, relatively low but wide truncated conical body with very high upturned but also truncated conical rim. Complete. Foot broken off but one sherd of it found nearby points towards this foor having been only a stuck-on ridge. There are only two pots of this type in Khok Charoen; this one in a post-Discontinuity burial, and the other (Pot “W” below) found among the oldest burials of the site (KC III) but in an unknown location. Both pots look like having come from outside the excavated area, and their origin remains a mystery. Pot Type 4B, KC II, Burial 35B/C, Pot 163

H: 19.5; Wr: 25.3; W: 25.3 (without foot) .

Source: Khok Charoen III, Pot “W”

4B

Medium-sized footed bowl, low (3.5 cm) but wide truncated conical body with comparatively high (5 cm) upturned also truncated conical rim. Very slightly convex truncated conical foot, relatively high (5.5 cm) and wide (12 cm). The circumstances of this pot’s discovery or excavation remain unknown.

Pot Type 4B, KC III, Pot “W” Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 1, Find 2

4C

Large footed bowl Type 4C. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, conical truncated foot. Buff ware. plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Almost complete. Body broken into 10 medium and about 20 small pieces, concentrated at rim on one side: impact? Foot entire with central part of base of body attached to it. A few small pieces missing.

Pot Type 4C, KC III, Burial 1, Find 2

H: 14; Hf: 6; Wr: 22.8; Wm: 23; Wtf: 8.5; Wbf: 14; ThwB: 1.1-0.5; ThwBb: 0.7; ThwF:1.7-0.6; Wgt: 1,140.

122

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 4, Find 2

4C

Pot Type 4C, KC III, Burial 4, Find 2

Large footed bowl Type 4C. Slightly convex conical truncated body. Upturned rim. Foot conical/slightly bell-shaped. Buff ware. Plain but surface smoothed (burnished?) throughout except inside foot. Next to (beyond) skull, slightly to left, tilted towards skull with rim almost touching it. Must have stood originally upright. About 85% complete. Body broken into 7 large and a number of medium and small sherds. Four medium sherds missing. Foot complete, broken off bowl. Indications of impact on W-side of rim of bowl. H: 13.5; Hf: 4; Wr/m: 20; Wtf: 9; Wbf: 12; ThwB: 1.5-0.6; ThwBb: 1.2-1.1; ThwF: 0.9-0.7; Wgt: 950. Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 16 Large footed bowl Type 4C. Slightly concave conical truncated body. Straight upturned rim, rounded on top. Foot missing. Coarsely grained buff-orange ware. Plain but traces of having been burnished throughout. Only about 40% preserved; foot missing and only about half body preserved, broken in 4 medium and 2 smaller sherds.

4C

H(body only): 7.5; Wr: 21.5; Wm: 22; ThwB: up to 1. Pot Type 4C, KC III, Burial 6, Find 16 Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 22

4C

Pot Type 4C, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 22

Large footed bowl Type 4C. Body hemispherical inside, very slightly incurving rim outside. Flaring truncated conical foot. Ochre ware, darker in break, orange surface. Plain. Coated with orange slip and polished throughout except inside foot. Complete except for a 3x9 cm gap on one side. Body broken in 10 large and 20 small sherds, the latter being concentrated at the bottom of bowl (impact?). Foot broken off body in 6 medium sherds. The pot being slightly asymmetrical and lopsided, some of the following measurements are only approximative. H: 11.7; Hf: 2.3; Wr: 21.2; Wm: 22; Wtf: 8.6; Wbf: 10.9; ThwB: 0.4-0.8; ThwBb: 0.4-0.5; ThwF: 0.7; Wgt: 680. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Nab 4, Pot “B”

4C

E5 Pot "B": Large footed bowl Type 4C. Shallow truncated conical body with upturned direct rim. Large, slightly convex truncated conical foot. Ochre/orange ware, dark in break. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Complete. Body broken in one large sherd (about 1/4 of body) and about 30 medium and small sherds for the other 3/4. Foot broken off body in 6 medium and some small sherds. H: 17; Hf: 7; Wr: 23.5; Wc/m: 23.7; Wtf: 7.6; Wbf: 14; ThwB: 0.71.2; ThwBb: 1.3-1.5; ThwF: 0.7-1; Wgt: 1,370. Pot Type 4C, KC IV, NAB 4, “B”

123

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 10, Find 6, Pot 50

4C

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, conical truncated foot. H: 17.0; Wr: 26.0; W: 26.0. NB:TL dated in 19670 Oxford (91g2) Result obtained 1970 = 1080 ± 300 BC

Pot Type 4C, KC II, Burial 10, Pot 50 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 25, Find 4, Pot 100

4C

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, conical truncated foot. H: 17.5; Wr: 25.0; W: 25.0.

Pot Type 4C, KC II, Burial 25, Pot 100 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 32, Find 3, Pot 135

4C

Large footed bowl. Straight conical truncated body, upturned rounded rim, conical slightly convex truncated foot. H: 16.0; Wr: 25.8; W: 25.8.

Pot Type 4C, KC II, Burial 32, Pot 135

124

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Nab 14, Pot “A”

4Ca

Pot Type 4Ca, KC IV, NAB 14, “A”

E5 Pot "A" (in "S"-baulk): Large footed bowl Type 4Ca. Body shallow hemispherical inside with an additional dish-like depression in the centre of the bottom; outside carinated to mark the beginning of a slightly convex and slightly inverted rim. Wide convex foot with down-turned rounded base. Dark orange ware, darker in break. Plain but seemingly burnished throughout except for inside foot. Inside body uniformly darker, probably a slip. There are also some diffuse darker patches on outside body (but not foot) which could be the remnants of the same slip while much of it had been rubbed off through handling or exposure to weather etc., not affecting the inside of the body. H: 11.9; Hr/c: 3; Hf: 3.8; Wr: 16.2; Wc/m: 17.4; Wtf: 7; Wbf: 11; ThwB: 0.5-1; ThwBb: 0.6; ThwF: 0.6-1.2; Wgt: 700.

125

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.32, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 4D pots, Part 1

Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 1, Find 5

4D

Pot Type 4D, KC III, Burial 1, Find 5

Large footed bowl Type 4D. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. Buff ware, light grey inside. Large black patch on one side of upper body and rim and another one underneath, on lower part of foot. Burnished throughout. Incised decoration on outside rim and foot consisting of a stippled area (stipples in parallel lines) on rim limited on top by a wavy incised line (6 crests), three lines of stipples on cylindrical upper part of foot with an incised straight line on both sides, and another stippled area on lower part of foot limited on top by a straight and below by a wavy incised line of 4 crests; both wavy lines, i.e. on rim and on foot, seem to have been done in some haste as they do not join properly where their ends meet. H: 11.9; Hr: 2.5; Hf: 4.4; Wr: 16.5; Wm: 18; Wtf: 7.1; Wbf: 11.6; ThwB: 0.8-0.4; ThwF: 1-0.5; Wgt: 620. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 13, “Item 2”

4D

Pot Type 4D, KC III, NAB 13, G5, “Item 2”

Large footed bowl Type 4D. Shallow spherical segment body. Vertical incurving unrestricted rim, tapering off to a pointed edge. Foot missing. Buff ware. Burnished throughout. Incised decoration on outside rim consisting of a stippled area (triangular stipples in five parallel horizontal lines) from top of rim down, limited below by a wavy incised line (8 crests). One rim- and body-sherd to top of (missing) foot, being about 25% of bowl. H (of body): 5; Hr: 1.9; Wr: 15.9; Wc/m: 16.4; Wtf: 7; ThwB: 0.50.7; Wgt: 60. Source: Khok Charoen III, NAB 20, “Item 27”

4D

Pot Type 4D, KC III, NAB 20, G5, “Item 27”

Large footed bowl Type 4D. Shallow spherical segment body. Vertical incurving unrestricted rim, tapering off to a pointed edge. Bottom of body and foot missing. Buff ware. Body inside burnished. Incised decoration on outside rim consisting of a stippled area (oval stipples in several irregular horizontal lines, poked into the wet clay from the right side) from top of rim down, limited below by a wavy incised line; some stipples are on this line. Found against W-baulk, 1.5 m from N, at 60 cm b.s. in {5}. One medium sherd from rim to upper body. Hr: 2; Wr: 17; Wc/m: 18.5.

126

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 3, Find 4

4D

Pot Type 4D, KC IV, Burial 3, Find 4

Footed bowl Type 4D. Shallow hemispheric body. Upturned rim marked by a carination. Flaring foot. Buff ware. Incised wavy line with stippled fields (from top) on outside rim, two straight horizontal lines with stippled field in between at ankle and another wavy line with stippled fields (from bottom) at base of foot. Almost complete (only a large rim- sherd missing), broken in large and medium sherds. H: 11; Hf: 4.5; Wr: 15.6; Wm: 16.5; Wtf: 7.2; Wbf: 10.8; ThwB: c. 0.5-0.7; ThwBb: c. 1; ThwF: c. 0.5-1; Wgt: 660. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 14

4D

Pot Type 4D, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 14

Footed bowl Type 4D. Shallow body, hemispherical inside but with rounded carination outside, marking the beginning of a slightly concave rim with pointed lip. Flaring foot with concave walls. Light ochre ware. Smoothed throughout (except inside foot) and probably burnished. Incised-and-pricked decoration on rim and foot consisting of (on rim) an irregular wavy line with 9 crests above which there are up to 6 horizontal lines of incised/pricked elongated dots filling the space between the wavy line and the top of the rim. There are about 80 of these dots in the top line. The decoration on the lower foot mirrors that on the rim inasmuch as there is another irregular wavy line with only 4 crests below which there are the same lines of elongated dots filling out the space between this incised line and the base of the foot. H: 13.6; Hr: 2.5; Hf: 5; Wr: 17.8; Wm: 18.7; Wtf: 6; Wbf: 12; ThwB: 0.5-1.2; ThwBb: 1.3 ThwF: 0.5-1.8; Wgt: 850. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 24

4D

Pot Type 4D, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 24

Footed bowl Type 4D. Body inside hemispherical with short upturned rim; soft rounded carination outside, marking the beginning of the upturned and slightly convex rim and a somewhat S-shaped wall (i.e. concave-convex-concave). Rim flattened on top. Top part of foot cylindrical, lower part S-shaped, mirroring body wall. Base of foot rounded. Ochre ware, dark ochre in break. Incised-and-pricked decoration on rim and foot, consisting of (on rim) an irregular wavy line with 11 crests, the troughs being based on the imaginary line of the carination and the space between the wavy line and the top of rim being filled with up to six irregular horizontal lines of pricked oval dots of about 0.3 cm length. On the lower half of foot the rim-motif is repeated inasmuch as a crudely incised horizontal line at mid-foot acts as the equivalent of the top of rim, below which there is an irregular wavy line with 9 crests the troughs being based on a virtual line just above the base of foot. The space between the horizontal and the wavy line is filled with the same elongated dots which are here arranged in up to 6 diagonal lines (left side up). H: 12; Hr: 2; Hf: 5; Wr/m: 17.5; Wtf: 6; Wbf: 10.2; ThwB: 0.4-0.8; ThwBb: 0.7-0.9; ThwF 0.5-0.9; Wgt: 680.

127

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 8, Find 3, Pot 37

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. H: 12.7; Wr: 19.8; W: 20.8.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 8, Find 3, Pot 37

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 16, Find 1, Pot 53

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. H: 15.0; Wr: 20.5; W: 22.0.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 16, Pot 53

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 4, Pot 81

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. H: 11.5; Wr: 16.0; W: 17.5.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 81

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 5, Pot 82

4D

Medium-sized footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 82

128

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 17, Pot 94

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. H: 14.5; Wr: 19.4; W: 20.8.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 94

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 30, Find 3, Pot 122

4D

Medium-sized footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. Virtually reconstructed from a great number of sherds. H: -; Wr: -; W: -. Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 30, Pot 122

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 32, Find 5, Pot 137

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. H: 13.0; Wr: 20.0; W: 21.0.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 32, Pot 137

129

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.33, Khok Charoen II Type 4D pots, Part 2, Pot Nos. 149 to 233; Type 4Da pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35A, Find 4, Pot 149

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. Virtually reconstructed from a large number of sherds.

H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 35A, Pot 149 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 35B/C, Find 4, Pot 153

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. H: -; Wr: 17.0; W: -.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 35B/C, Pot 153 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 2, Pot 166

4D

Medium-sized footed bowl. In-turned slightly convex rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. H: 7.4; Wr: 11.5; W: 10.9. Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 166 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 11, Pot 175

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a few bumps in the lower part. H: 12.9; Wr: 20.0; W: 20.6.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 175

130

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 37, Find 6, Pot 183

4D

Medium-sized footed bowl. In-turned slightly concave rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical with concave upper part and a straight lower part. H: -; Wr: -; W: -.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 37, Pot 183 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 39, Find 2, Pot 203

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical slightly concave H: 10.0; Wr: 16.0; W: 17.0.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 39, Pot 203 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 5, Pot 209

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly convex rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical slightly concave. Reconstruction partly hypothetical. H: -; Wr: 15.5; W: 17.0. Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 209 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 8, Pot 212

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned slightly convex rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot conical slightly concave. Reconstruction partly hypothetical from a large number of sherds. H: -; Wr: 16.0; W: -. Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 212 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 40, Find 10, Pot 213

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot missing. H: -; Wr: 19.0; W: 20.0.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 40, Pot 213

131

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41, Find 12, Pot 229

4D

Large footed bowl. Upturned slightly convex rim. Shallow almost hemispherical body. Foot concave. H: 11.6; Wr: 17.5; W: 18.0.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 229 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41, Find 16, Pot 233

4D

Large footed bowl. In-turned rim. Lower part of body thickwalled and almost hemispherical, upper part truncated conical. Foot conical concave. H: 12.3; Wr: 17.4; W: 18.9.

Pot Type 4D, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 233 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 3, Find 2, Pot 8

4Da Large footed bowl. Hemispherical shallow body. Slightly inturned truncated conical rim decorated with 6 rectangular panels filled with impressed dots. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a truncated convex conical lower part. H: 14.6; Wr: 20.0; W: 21.0; Wgt: 820.

Pot Type 4Da, KC II, Burial 3, Pot 8 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 16, Find 2, Pot 54

4Da Large footed bowl. Hemispherical shallow body. Slightly inturned rim decorated with 6 rectangular panels filled with impressed dots. Foot truncated convex conical, lower part flaring slightly convex truncated conical. H: 15.0; Wr: 18.0; W: 20.5; Wgt: 1000.

Pot Type 4Da, KC II, Burial 16, Pot 54

132

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 29, Find 2, Pot 116

4Da

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical shallow body, with in-turned high rim decorated with 6 large rectangular panels filled with impressed dots. Foot conical with cylindrical upper part and a truncated conical lower part H: 13.0; Wr: 17.0; W: 17.8; Wgt: 800.

Pot Type 4Da, KC II, Burial 29 Pot 116

133

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.34, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 4E to 4Fb pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 8

4E

Footed bowl Type 4E. Almost hemispherical shallow bowl. Inverted, straight but slightly convex unrestricted rim, rounded lip. Truncated conical foot, slightly flaring at base, rounded base. Buff ware, dark buff in break. Burnished throughout except inside foot. Incised and pricked decoration on outside rim and foot consisting (on rim) of 16 triangles pointing upwards, delineated by incised lines on top while the baseline is the carination formed by the beginning of the rim, without incised line. These triangles are filled with 15-20 (but in most cases 16) impressed dots, probably made with a hollow bamboo stick or a reed of about 0.2 cm in diameter often leaving a tiny crescentshaped bulge on one side of the prick. On the lower part of the foot an irregular and somewhat wavy incised line delineates 7 more or less rounded triangles pointing upwards, with their baseline being the slight crease formed by the flaring of the base of the foot; these triangles are filled with 10-15 impressed dots each.

Pot Type 4E, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 8

H: 9; Hf: 3; Hr/c: 1.8; Wr: 15.4; Wm: 16.2; Wtf: 6.6; Wbf: 9.5; ThwB: 0.4-0.9; ThwBb: 0.6-0.8; ThwF: 0.4-0.6; Wgt: 450. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 16

4E

Footed bowl Type 4E. Truncated conical, slightly convex shallow body. Inturned rim with flattened lip. Truncated conical foot, slightly flaring at base, rounded base. Buff ware. Rim outside decorated with an incised-and-pricked decoration consisting of 15 isosceles triangles point up, the baseline being the slight carination marking the beginning of the rim, while the two sides are delimited by incised lines (drawn hastily as they rarely meet at the top). These triangles are filled with deeply poked holes of up to 0.2 cm diameter in an irregular manner varying in number from 9 to 15 per triangle; there are also several such dots outside the triangles. At the top end of the foot, just below the junction with the body, there are two incised somewhat wavy horizontal lines the interval of which is filled with a single row of c. 30 deeply incised larger dots than those on the rim, up to 0.3 cm diameter and irregularly spaced. Below this, between these horizontal lines and the imaginary line of the slightly everted base, is an irregular wavy line with 5 crests forming as many rounded triangles point up, filled with the same large dots as those between the horizontal lines above, in an irregular way and in numbers ranging from 15 to 19 per wave.

Pot Type 4E, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 16

H: 9.8; Hr: 1.6; Hf: 3.8; Wr: 14.5; Wm: 15.3; Wtf: 6.3; Wbf: 8.6; ThwB: 0.4-1.4; ThwBb: 1-1.6; ThwF: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 430.

134

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 31, Find 7, Pot 131

4E

Footed bowl. Shallow near-hemispheric body. Up- and incurving rim, marked by a rounded carination. Truncated conical slightly convex foot. H: -; Wr: 15.0; W: -.

Pot Type 4E, KC II, Burial 31, Pot 131 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 3, Pot 167

4E

Footed bowl. Shallow near-hemispheric body. Up- and incurving rim, marked by a rounded carination. Truncated conical slightly convex foot. H: -; Wr: 17.5; W: 18.0.

Pot Type 4E, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 167 Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 20

4Ea

Footed bowl Type 4Ea. Shallow dish-like hemispherical body. Upturned rim with bulbous lip. Truncated conical foot with slightly everted rounded base. Buff ware. Rim outside decorated by 12 isosceles triangles point up, the baseline of which is formed by the carination marking the beginning of the upturned rim (i.e. not incised), while the two sides are delimited by incised lines. These triangles are filled with deeply poked dots of up to 0.2 cm diameter in a not quite regular pattern, varying in number from 29 to 44 (at least in the 7 fully preserved triangles). This decoration is mirrored by that on the foot, consisting of 6 such triangles point down the upper baseline of which is the angle formed by the the junction of foot and body, while the two sidelines are incised. But this is done again in a seemingly hasty way shown by the awkward insertion of a 7th small triangle filled with only 7 pricked dots, as opposed to the 22 to 28 dots in the other six more or less regular triangles. Body between these two series of incised-and-pricked decorations on rim and foot faintly cord-marked (4.5-10), perhaps intentionally slightly smoothed. Complete except for small part of rim on one side. Broken in one large piece comprising the bottom of bowl and entire foot of which the body is broken off in a circular pattern in 15 medium/small sherds.

Pot Type 4Ea, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 20

H: 9; Hr: 2.4; Hf: 3.1; Wr: 16.3; Wm: 16.6; Wtf: 7; Wbf: 9.4; ThwB: 0.6-0.9; ThwBb: 0.9; ThwF: 0.5-1.1; Wgt: 460.

135

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 25, Find 1, Pot 97

4Ea

Large footed bowl. Shallow dish-like hemispherical body. Upturned rim with bulbous lip. Rim outside decorated with isosceles triangles (point up) reaching from rim to carination, filled with impressed dots. Truncated conical foot with slightly everted rounded base decorated with a row of upper half circles on top of vertical lozenges reaching to base of foot; both motifs also filled with impressed dots. Pot Type 4Ea, KC II, Burial 25, Pot 97

H: 10.5; Wr: 17.8; W: 18.5; Wgt: 890.

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 7, Find 2

4Eb

Footed bowl Type 4Eb. Truncated conical body. Upturned rim, rounded on top. Flaring truncated conical foot. Buff ware. Burnished throughout except inside foot. Outside rim covered with 5 irregular lines of pricked circular dots presumably made by a small hollow bamboo stick which seems to have been poked into the wet clay from a slightly different angle each time so that the impressions themselves are irregular. Complete (except for 2 small sherds). Body broken off foot (which remained in one piece) and broken in 8 medium and 4 smaller sherds; no signs of an impact.

Pot Type 4Eb, KC III Burial 7, Find 2

H: 8.5; Hf: 2.2; Wr: 16.5; Wm: 17; Wtf: 7; Wbf: 9.8; ThwB: 0.9-0.5; ThwBb: 0.9-0.8; Thw 0.5-0.4; Wgt: 450. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 4, Pot 27

4Ec

Medium-sized footed bowl. Shallow dish-like hemispherical body. Up- and in-turned relatively high rim decorated with 8 horizontal double convex lentil-shaped motifs filled with impressed dots linked by a straight line. Concave truncated conical foot with down-turned vertical rim. Foot decorated with a row of four upper half circles on a horizontal line and underneath a row of four semicircles made of a band round side and points of connection down to base of foot. All these motifs filled with impressed dots.

Pot Type 4Ec, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 27

H: 10.5; Wr: 14.5; W: 15.5; Wgt: 460. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 4, Pot 13

4Ed

Large footed bowl. Slightly shallow dishlike with conical body. Very high up- and in-turned concave rim creating a pointed carination, decorated with overlapping triangles points down reaching the carination and filled with impressed dots hanging down from a horizontal line c. 1 cm below rim. Foot cylindrical on flat almost horizontal rim as base. Cylindrical part of foot decorated with diagonal crisscrossed incised straight lines Pot Type 4Ed, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 13

H: 11.5; Wr: 14.0; W: 18.0; Wgt: 620.

136

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 3, Find 6

4Ee

Large footed bowl Type 4Ee. Shallow near-hemispheric body. Up- and incurving rim, marked by a rounded carination. Truncated conical slightly convex foot. Buff ware. Burnished throughout except inside foot. Incised curvilinear motifs filled with horizontal rows of stipples on outside rim (and foot?). Complete, broken uniformly in large/medium sherds; no sign of impact.

Pot Type 4Ee, KC IV, Burial 3, Find 6

H: 10.5; Hf: 3.5; Wr: 16.2; Wm: 17.3; Wtf: c. 6.8; Wbf: c. 7.8; ThwB: c. 0.5-0.7; ThwBb: c. 1; ThwF: c. 0.5-0.7; Wgt: c. 700. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 3, Find 7

4Ee

Large footed bowl Type 4Ee. Shallow hemispheric body. Slightly inverted direct rim. Truncated conical slightly convex low foot. Buff ware. Burnished throughout except inside foot. Horizontal row of incised intertwined wavy lines with stippled fields on outside rim (and similar decoration on foot?). H: 10.8; Hf: 3; Wr: 16.5; Wm: 16.5; Wtf: 6; Wbf: 9; ThwB: c. 0.5-0.7; ThwBb: c. 1; ThwF: c. 0.5-0.7; Wgt: c. 660.

Pot Type 4Ee, KC IV, Burial 3, Find 7

Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 9, Find 6

4F

Large footed bowl Type 4F. Almost hemispherical shallow body. Up- and slightly inturned rim, flattened on top. Foot truncated conical with out-turned base. Buff ware. Inside body and flattened top of rim covered with dark red slip. Outside body and foot coarsely (2.5:10) cord-marked, parallel-oblique on rim and foot, irregularly criss-cross on body in-between. Almost complete. Broken fairly uniformly in numerous medium sherds. H: 14.5; Hf: 4; Wr: 26; Wc/m: 27; Wtf: 10; Wbf: 15; ThwB: 0.8-0.5; ThwBb: 0.6-0.5; ThwF: 0.9-0.5; Wgt: 1,300.

Pot Type 4F, KC III, Burial 9, Find 6

Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 10, Pot “A”

4F

Large carinated footed bowl Type 4F. Shallow hemispherical body. Inverted concave rim, rounded on top. Short but wide S-curved foot (added to body). Granular ochre ware. Entire inside body and top of rim covered with dark red slip, darkest on top of rim. Rim, body and foot outside medium (4:10) cord-marked: rim to carination vertically, slightly leftleaning and very regularly; from carination down to 1 cm below it same but slightly right-leaning; from there on down to beginning of foot horizontally in wide shallow curves, ends crossing when they meet and thus forming a plaid-like pattern which is continued on the bottom in a circular way; and finally on the foot again very regularly vertically to 1 cm above its base. Inside foot plain and smoothed.

Pot Type 4F, KC IV, VCCB 10, “A”

H: 12; Hr/c (from top): 2.2; Hf: 3.8; Wr: 21.5; Wc/m: 23.5; Wtf: 10.5; Wbf: 14.5; ThwB: 0.5-1.3; ThwBb: 0.3; ThwF: 0.51; Wgt: 900.

137

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 4, Pot 18

4Fb

Large footed bowl with shallow body and vertical slightly incurving rim forming a distinct carination. Body cordmarked from carination down. Foot 1/3 of body height. H: 11.5; Wr: 18.0; W: 19.0; Wgt: 700. Pot Type 4Fb, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 18

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 8, Find 6, Pot 40

4Fb

Large footed bowl with shallow body and vertical slightly outcurving rim forming a rounded carination. Body cordmarked from carination down. Foot same height as body, almost cylindrical truncated cone. H: 10.5; Wr: 17.5; W: 18.2. Pot Type 4Fb, KC II, Burial 8, Pot 40

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 4, Pot 198

4Fb

Medium footed bowl with almost hemispherical body and vertical slightly concave rim forming a soft carination. Body cord-marked from 1 cm below carination down. Foot 1/4 of body height. Pot Type 4Fb, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 198

H: 8.5; Wr: 14.58; W: 14.9; Wgt: 350.

138

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.35, Khok Charoen III, IV and II Type 4G pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 10

4G

Large footed bowl Type 4G. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly convex and flaring. Buff-orange ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. About 60% complete. Only half of body left, broken in 5 large sherds. Foot in one piece but bottom of body inside it broken neatly in a circular shape and lost. Pot Type 4G, KC III, Burial 6, Find 10

H: 11.5; Hf: 3; Wr/m: 19; Wtf: 7.5; Wbf: 11; ThwB: 0.5; ThwBb: 0.4-0. Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 6, Find 12

4G

Large footed bowl Type 4G. Hemispherical body. Direct rim, slightly flattened on top. Foot almost straight conical. Buff-orange ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. About 90% complete. About two thirds of body in one piece, including the bottom; the remainder of the body broken into a number of sherds becoming smaller towards a missing part of the rim (now on the down side) which seems to have been the point of an impact. Foot broken off body in 4 parts. Pot Type 4G, KC III, Burial 6, Find 12

H: 12.5; Hf: 4; Wr/m: 17.8; Wtf: 7.8; Wbf: 10.5; ThwB: 0.7-0.6; ThwBb: 0.6-0.5; ThwF: 0.8-0.5; Wgt: 600. Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 9, Find 5

4G

Pot Type 4G, KC III, Burial 9, Find 5

Medium footed bowl Type 4G. Body egg-cup shaped, everted direct rim, rounded on top. Foot slightly convex truncated conical, base everted and rounded. Grey/buff ware. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Only about half of pot preserved in the form of one large, one small and 4 medium sherds from various parts of body and foot but without joining together. H: 8.3; Hf: 2.5; Wr/m: 13; Wtf: 6; Wbf: 9; ThwB: 0.4-0.7; ThwBb (est.): 0.4-0.6; ThwF 0.5-0.6; Wgt: 72. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 5

4G

Pot Type 4G, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 5

Large footed bowl Type 4G. Truncated conical, almost hemispherical body. Rounded inverted direct rim, rounded lip. Truncated conical, slightly everted foot, rounded base. Ochre ware, dark brown in break, orange surface. Pot seems to have been burnished inside and outside (surface somewhat eroded and lime-incrusted, outside of foot fully covered by lime-incrustations), inside foot only superficially smoothed. Complete except for one 6x7 cm piece of upper body and rim. Broken in one large piece (bottom of bowl and almost entire foot), 1 large, 12 medium and 10 small sherds, the latter mainly on the side of the pot towards the gap between it and the other 6 pots near head, suggesting an impact which may have something to do with the existence of this gap. H: 12.5; Hf: 3.4; Wr: 19.5; Wm: 20; Wtf: 7; Wbf: 10.5; ThwB: 0.6-0.9; ThwBb: 0.9-1; ThwF: 0.5-1; Wgt: 700.

139

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 8

4G

Pot Type 4G, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 8

Medium footed bowl Type 4G. Hemispherical body with slight carination (outside only), marking beginning of tapering of direct rim. Wide, slightly convex (outside only) truncated conical foot. Ochre ware, dark brown in break. Plain. Body inside and outside and foot outside smoothed without signs of having been burnished. About 5/6 complete: small part of one side of body missing. Broken in one large piece (bottom of bowl together with entire foot) and 22 small sherds all around body. H: 10; Hr: 2; Hf: 2.4; Wr: 14.4; Wm/c: 15; Wtf: 7.5; Wbf: 9.6; ThwB: 0.61.1; ThwBb: 0.9-1; ThwF: 0.4-0.9; Wgt: 475. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 9

4G

Pot Type 4G, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 9

Medium footed bowl Type 4G. Hemispherical body. Direct rim with flattened top. Steep, almost cylindrical, slightly convex (outside only) foot with rounded base. Ochre ware, dark brown in break, orange surface. Plain. Body inside and outside and foot outside coated with orange slip and probably polished. Complete except for bottom of body (being also the top of foot). Body broken in 5 medium sherds, making up about 4/5 of circumference, while the last fifth is broken in a great number of small sherds, denoting an impact from SE, i.e. the "outside" as seen from the block of six pots; foot broken in four sherds: 1/2, 1/4 and 2x1/8, the latter also on SE-side. H: 10.3; Hf: 3; Wr: 14.1; Wm: 14.2; Wtf: 6.8; Wbf: 8.4; ThwB: 0.7-1.2; ThwBb: 0.8-1.2; ThwF: 0.6-1; Wgt: 460. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 16

4G

Pot Type 4G, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 16

Foot of a footed bowl Type 4G. Inside straight truncated conical, outside slightly convex. Orange ware, dark brown in break. Plain. Outside smoothed or perhaps burnished. Situated under, slightly to SE of, footed bowl Find 14 but original position relative to it is difficult to assess because of root disturbance; possibly on "left lower arm", as opposed to "abdomen or pelvis" for Finds 14 and 15. Entire and in one piece; foot partly broken off bottom of bowl (of which a 2x4 cm part is preserved) and partly one with it. Hf: 3; Wtf: 8; Wbf: 10; ThwF: 0.7-0.8; Wgt: 150. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 9, Find 20

4G

Pot Type 4G, KC IV, Burial 9, Find 20

Large footed bowl Type 4G. Hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Truncated conical foot, rounded base. Ochre ware with orange tinge, dark brown in break. Plain. Smoothed and lightly polished (?) throughout, except inside foot. Almost complete; small part of body missing (not more than 1/10 of entire pot), foot complete. Body broken in 7 medium and some very small sherds, foot broken in one big piece consisting of half the foot and the bottom of bowl, other half broken in 6 small sherds. H: 10.5; Hf: 3; Wr/m: 15.5; Wtf: 6.2; Wbf: 8.4; ThwB: 0.5-0.8; ThwBb: 0.8; ThwF: 0.7; Wgt: 450.

140

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 2, F6

4G

(xPot "F") Large footed bowl Type 4G. Truncated conical body. Curved vertical direct rim, flattened on top; shallow horizontal groove inside rim at 3 mm below top. Convex flaring foot with outcurving base, rounded at end. Orange ware, dark brown in break, fine magnetite grains in paste. Plain but burnished throughout except inside foot. Pot Type 4G, KC IV, VCCB 2, F6

H: 11.5; Hf: 3; Wr: 16; Wm: 16.2; Wtf: 6.3; Wbf: 11.4; ThwB: 0.4-0.6; ThwBb: 0.6-1.1; ThwF: 0.4-0.7; Wgt: 200. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 1, Find 5, Pot 5

4G

Large footed bowl. Shallow truncated conical body. Direct upturned rim, rounded on top. Foot truncated conical. H: 11.3; Wr: 20.0; W: 20.0; Wgt: 525.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 1, Pot 5

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 10, Find 1, Pot 45

4G

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly concave and flaring. H: 9.5; Wr: 15.5; W: 15.5; Wgt: 340.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 10, Pot 45

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 10, Find 5, Pot 49

4G

Medium footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly concave and flaring H: 9.8; Wr: 15.4; W: 15.5.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 10, Pot 49

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 2, Pot 79

4G

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly convex and flaring, wide. H: 11.4; Wr: 18.0; W: 18.4.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 79

141

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 13, Pot 90

4G

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly convex and flaring, very wide. H: 11.5; Wr: 17.4; W: 18.0; Wgt: 950. NB: rice grain impression inside foot.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 90

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24 Find 15, Pot 92

4G

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical and flaring. H: 13.0; Wr: 18.9; W: 18.9; Wgt: 695.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 92

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 18, Pot 95

4G

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot widely conical, slightly convex and flaring; very wide and almost as high as body H: 13.7; Wr: 20.7; W: 21.5; Wgt: 1030.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 95

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 33, Find 6, Pot 145

4G

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly convex. H: 14; Wr: 19.5; W: 19.5; Wgt: 550.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 33, Pot 145

142

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 4, Pot 192

4G

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly convex and flaring. H: 12.0; Wr: 17.9; W: 18.2; Wgt: 785.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 192

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41, Find 3, Pot 220

4G

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body slightly everted. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly convex and flaring. H: 12.5; Wr: 20.0; W: 19.6.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 220

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41, Find 4, Pot 221

4G

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical slightly convex and flaring. H: 12.5; Wr: 18.8; W: 18.8; Wgt: 850.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 221

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41, Find 10, Pot 227

4G

Large footed bowl. Almost hemispherical body. Direct rim, rounded on top. Foot conical, slightly convex and flaring, small. H: 11.0; Wr: 15.4; W: 16.0; Wgt: 475.

Pot Type 4G, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 227

143

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.36, Khok Charoen IV and II Type 4Ga to 4Gd pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 25

4Ga

Pot Type 4Ga, KC IV, NAB 25

Shallow footed bowl (foot missing) Type 4Ga. Dish-like shallow body, inverted direct rim, rounded on top. Plain but outside covered with red slip and polished. Found in "W"-baulk, 1 m from "S"-rim, at 30 cm b.s. in {4}. Upright, under Pot "62", like a saucer. Possibly associated with Burial 1 (beyond head) but not proven. Bowl only, broken into 5 large sherds, 1 medium sherd missing. H (est.): 8; H (of body): 4.5; Hr: c. 2.5; Wr: 14.6; Wm: 15.9; Wtf: 6.2; ThwB: 0.5-0.8; Wgt: 610. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 11, Pot 88

4Gb

Medium footed bowl. Truncated conical body decorated outside with incised vertical lines.High two stage concave rim rounded at top. Low truncated conical foot slightly convex with narrow out-turned rim. H: 8.5; Wr: 13.0; W: 13.0; Wgt: 360.

Pot Type 4Gb, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 88

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 14, Pot 91

4Gb

Large footed bowl. Truncated conical body with two slight carinations, one to separate the body from a c. 3 cm. high band decorated with vertical cord-markings, and the other to separate this band from the c. 2 cm. high plain rim above it. Wide truncated conical foot slightly convex with narrow out-turned rim at base. H: 14.5; Wr: 20.5; W: 20.5; Wgt: 1400.

Pot Type 4Gb, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 91

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 26, Find 1, Pot 103

4Gb

Large footed bowl. Hemispherical body with direct rim rounded at top. Body from about 1/8 of the height down decorated outside with vertical cord-marking. Foot wide low and concave with flaring outturned rim as base. H: 8.5; Wr: 16.0; W: 16.0; Wgt: 570. Pot Type 4Gb, KC II, Burial 26, Pot 103

144

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 12, Pot 200

4Gb

Medium footed bowl. Hemispherical body with upright direct rim. Central part of body decorated outside with c. 3.5 cm. high vertically cord-marked band. Foot truncated concave conical. H: 12.5; Wr: 12.5; W: 12.5; Wgt: 450.

Pot Type 4Gb, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 200 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 8, Pot 17

4Gc

Small footed bowl. Body truncated conical with direct rounded rim. From below rim to top of foot body vertically cord-marked. Foot almost cylindrical with small rounded rim as base. Pot Type 4Gc, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 17

H: 5.0; Wr: 8.5; W: 8.6; Wgt: 320. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 9, Find 6, Pot 44

4Gc

Medium ring-footed bowl. Body truncated conical lower part slightly convex, upper part slightly concave with in-turned concave rim. Body from below rim to ring-foot vertically cord-marked. Ring-foot 1 cm high almost cylindrical. Pot Type 4Gc, KC II, Burial 9, Pot 44

H: 8.0; Wr: 12.5; W: 13.0.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 25, Find 5, Pot 101

4Gc

Medium footed bowl. Body truncated conical lower part with upturned concave rim. Body from below rim to foot decorated with criss-crossed impressions probably made by a paddle. Foot very wide truncated slightly concave conical. Pot Type 4Gc, KC II, Burial 25, Pot 101

H: 7.5; Wr: 14.5; W: 15.0; Wgt: 150.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 7, Pot 16

4Gd

Small ring-footed bowl. Body truncated slightly convex conical with direct rim. Body from 1 cm. below rim to top of ring-foot faintly vertically cord-marked. Ring-foot c. 0.5 cm high truncated conical. Pot Type 4Gd, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 16

H: 5.0; Wr: 9.7; W: 9.7; Wgt: 550. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 22, Find 2, Pot 77

4Gd

Small ring-footed bowl. Body hemispherical with direct rim. Body covered with criss-cross cord-markings. Ring-foot 1 cm high cylindrical. Pot Type 4Gd, KC II, Burial 22, Pot 77

H: 5.0; Wr: 10.0; W: 10.0.

145

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 26, Find 2, Pot 104

4Gd Pot Type 4Gd, KC II, Burial 26, Pot 104

Medium ring-footed dish. Body shallow hemispherical, direct rim. Body vertically cord-marked, smoothed near rim. Ring-foot 0.3 cm high, cylindrical. H: 3.5; Wr: 11.3; W: 11.3; Wgt: 175.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 26, Find 5, Pot 107

4Gd Pot Type 4Gd, KC II, Burial 26, Pot 107

Small ring-footed (?) dish. Body shallow hemispherical, direct rim. Body faintly vertically cord-marked, smoothed near rim. Ring-foot broken off at 0.2 cm. H: 3.0; Wr: 9.5; W: 9.5; Wgt: 100.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 31, Find 3, Pot 127

4Gd

Small ring-footed bowl. Body almost hemispherical, Rim up- and slightly in-turned. Body below rim vertically cord-marked. Ring-foot 0.3 cm high, cylindrical. Pot Type 4Gd, KC II, Burial 31, Pot 127

H: 4.5; Wr: 9.8; W: 10.4; Wgt: 180.

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 31, Find 4, Pot 128

4Gd

Medium ring-footed bowl. Body almost hemispherical, rounded carination outside marking the beginning of direct rim. Body below rim vertically cord-marked. Ring-foot 0.3 cm high, cylindrical. Pot Type 4Gd, KC II, Burial 31, Pot 128

H: 5.2; Wr: 11.5; W: 11.5.

146

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.37, Khok Charoen IV and II Type 4H and 4Ha pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 8, Find 21

4H

Footed bowl Type 4H. Shallow curved body. Rounded incurving rim, rounded lip. Rounded everted outcurving foot, rounded base. Ochre ware, orange on surface. Body and foot outside burnished (with a spatula-like tool 0.3 cm wide). Inside body smoothed but not burnished, inside foot only roughly smoothed. (The burnishing was clearly done with great care, contrasting with the obvious lack of care in the treatment of at least two of the footed bowls with incised-and-pricked decoration). Pot Type 4H, KC IV, Burial 8, Find 21

H: 9.8; Hf: 3.5; Wr: 16.4; Wm: 18.2; Wtf: 8.2; Wbf: 10.5; ThwB: 0.5-1; ThwBb: 0.8-0.9; ThwF: 0.6-1.5; Wgt: 450. Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 5, Pot 28

4H

Footed bowl. Shallow curved body. Rounded incurving rim, rounded lip. Rounded everted outcurving foot, rounded base. H: 10.5; Wr: 17.4; W: 19.4; Wgt: 1075.

Pot Type 4H, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 28 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 13, Find 1, Pot 51

4H

Footed bowl. Shallow curved body. Rounded incurving rim, rounded lip. Rounded everted outcurving foot, rounded base. Not restorable. H: -; Wr: -; W: -. Pot Type 4H, KC II, Burial 13, Pot 51 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 30, Find 2, Pot 121

4H

Footed bowl. Shallow curved body. Rounded incurving rim, rounded lip. Rounded everted foot, rounded base. Not restorable. H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 600.

Pot Type 4H, KC II, Burial 30, Pot 121 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 31, Find 8, Pot 132

4H

Footed bowl. Shallow curved body. Rounded incurving rim, rounded lip. Rounded everted foot, rounded base. Not restorable. H: -; Wr: -; W: -; Wgt: 500.

Pot Type 4H, KC II, Burial 31, Pot 132

147

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 36, Find 1, Pot 165

4H

Large footed bowl. Shallow curved body. Rounded incurving rim, rounded lip. Rounded everted outcurving foot. (Virtual only.) H: 12.9; Wr: 20.0; W: 20.6.

Pot Type 4H, KC II, Burial 36, Pot 165 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 39, Find 4, Pot 205

4H

Large footed bowl. Shallow curved body. upturned rim, rounded lip. Rounded everted outcurving foot, rounded base. H: 11.0; Wr: 20.2; W: 21.0.

Pot Type 4H, KC II, Burial 39, Pot 205 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 42, Find 3, Pot 237

4H

Large footed bowl. Shallow curved body. Rounded up-curving rim, rounded lip. Rounded everted foot, rounded base. H: 10.6; Wr: 22.5; W: 22.5; Wgt: “very heavy”.

Pot Type 4H, KC II, Burial 42, Pot 237 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 31, Find 5, Pot 129

4Ha

Medium footed bowl. Hemispherical body, direct rim. Rounded everted outcurving foot, rounded base. H: 11.3; Wr: 14.0; W: 14.0; Wgt: 505.

Pot Type 4H, KC II, Burial 31, Pot 129

148

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.38, Khok Charoen IV Type 4J and 4K pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 2, Find 2

4J

Large footed bowl Type 4J. Hemispherical body. Slightly inverted direct rim, pointed but with rounded edge. Large, slightly concave flaring assymetrical foot. Heavy dark brown ware. Polished or lacquered to a high sheen inside and outside except for inside foot. Coarsely but regularly cord-marked (2:10), vertically (slightly diagonally left up) from c. 1 cm below tip of rim to c. 2.5 cm above the narrowest part of foot, i.e. junction of foot and body. At or on right shoulder. Association with burial not secure. H: 21.5; Hf:11; Wr: 26.5; Wm: 27.5; Wtf:6; Wbf: 16; ThwB: 0.6-0.9; ThwBb: 1.4-1.5 Wgt: 1,420

Pot Type 4J, KC IV, Burial 2, Find 2

Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 2, Pot “C2”

4J

E4 Pot "C2": Large footed bowl Type 4J. Shallow hemispherical body with short vertical incurving rim. Buff-orange ware. Foot missing. Body coarsely (3:10) but regularly slightly left-leaning vertically cord-marked, from 1.5 cm below top of rim down to top of foot. Inside body and outside rim to beginning of cord-marking burnished. H (of body): 10; Hr: 0.8; Wr: 24; Wc/m: 25; Wtf: 4.8; ThwB: 0.6-0.9; Wgt: 670. [NB: as the bowl of this pot shows a great similarity with pots of Ban-Kao Type 2, var. A (Sørensen 1967: pl. 90) which all have a large foot of a greater height than the body, an overall height of the pot of 25 cm and an overall weight of about 2.5-3 kg may be assumed.]

Pot Type 4J, KC IV NAB 2, “C2”

Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 23, Pot “E2”

4J

F4 Pot "E2": Very large footed bowl Type 4J. Shallow hemispherical body with short incurving rim leaving a carination on the outside while the inside is gently curved. Heavy ochre ware, almost black in break. Body coarsely (3:10) but regularly cord-marked, vertically but slightly leftleaning. Body inside and outside to 0.8 cm below rim burnished or polished H: c. 24.6; Hr: 0.8; Hf: c. 10; Wr: 31.7; Wc/m: 33.8; Wtf: 8.2; Wbf: 23.1; ThwB: 0.4-0.9; ThwBb: 1.2-1.5; ThwF: 0.5-0.6; Wgt: 1,300. Pot Type 4J, KC IV, NAB 23, “E2”

149

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen IV, NAB 34, Pot “X”

4J

F6 Pot "X": Medium footed bowl Type 4J. Shallow hemispherical body with short incurving rim forming a carination. Foot missing. Dark buff ware. Body inside and rim inside and outside burnished. Four fine incised horizontal lines at base of rim (carination), body below rim coarsely (3:10) cord-marked to 1 cm above top of foot. Two sherds, together 8x9 cm, from rim to top of foot, with sharp breaks.

Pot Type 4J, KC IV, NAB 34, “X”

H (of body): 7.5; Hr: 0.8; Wr: 17; Wc/m: 18.8; Wtf: 5; ThwB: 0.5-0.9. Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 13, Find 1

4Ja

Large footed bowl Type 4Ja. Funnel-shaped body. Vertical incurving rim, top slightly inverted, rounded lip. Foot concave flaring. Ochre ware. Body inside, lip and outside rim to about 1 cm below lip coated with dark greyochre slip and burnished. Body below, for about 2 cm, smoothed by horizontal circular motion leaving fine horizontal striations. Below this, to about 1.5 cm above ankle, body is medium coarsely (4:10) but regularly cord-marked in a diagonal pattern (left side up) without any crosscording at all. Lower end of cord-marking shows some fine horizontal striations. Foot plain but smoothed, outside more carefully than inside.

Pot Type 4Ja, KC IV, Burial 13, Find 1

H: c. 14.5; Hf: c. 5.5; Wr: 19; Wm: 20; Wtf: 6.2; Wbf: 12.3; ThwB: 0.7-1.2; ThwBb: >1; ThwF: 0.61.1; Wgt: 600. Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 6, Pot “A”

4K

Very large footed bowl Type 4K. Shallow hemispherical body. Small inverted, slightly outcurving rim, rounded on top. Large concave truncated conical foot with direct base, rounded underneath. Ochre ware with orange tinge on outside, dark in break. Body, including rim, inside and outside smoothed. Inside body, top of rim and possibly also outside body covered in red slip, although this seems to have vanished on lower part of body. Foot outside smoothed and covered with decorative motifs consisting of bold incised lines/outlines filled with "walking shell" impressions. Bowl about 85% complete, foot complete. Body broken off foot like flower petals in large sherds leaving bottom of body and upper part of foot in one large piece; lower part of foot broken regularly into 8 large sherds and several small ones on SW-side.

Pot Type 4K, KC IV, VCCB 6, “A”

H: 25.7; Hr: 1; Hf: 14.6; Wr: 27; Wm/c: 29.2; Wtf: 9; Wbf: 23; ThwB: 0.5-0.9; ThwBb: 0.8-0.9; ThwF: 0.7-1.2; Wgt: 1,820.

150

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, VCCB 7, Pot “R1”

4K

Very large footed bowl Type 4K. Shallow hemispherical body. Rim unknown (only lower part of body preserved). Concave truncated conical foot with direct base, rounded underneath. Ochre ware, slight orange tinge on surfaces inside and outside, darker in break. Body plain outside, inside covered with dark red slip. From top of foot to a bold incised line 4 cm further down, there is one single row of vertical "walking shell" impressions with 8 points (most probably made with an Anadara granosa or nodifera shell of which none has been found in Khok Charoen). Below the incised line, some sherds indicate a plain but smoothed band of unknown width (at least 1 cm) after which there is a gap of 9 cm when another section of at least 3 cm of shell impressions appears, consisting of 2 rows made by a smaller shell, the top one vertical and the lower one left-leaning, supported by another bold incised horizontal line 2 cm above the base of the foot. This space is used to accommodate 10 (?) incised curved diagonal strokes going from the horizontal line up left, down right, to end in a fine point 4-5 mm above the base. Sherds of this pot were found mixed with sherds of Pot "R2" in W-corner of cutting, at 60-70 cm b.s. in a large pit dug from {4} into {5} and filled with a mixture of both. Only lower body including upper part of foot and lower part of foot found, broken into mainly medium sherds; about 15-20% of entire vessel.

Pot Type 4K, KC IV, VCCB 7, “R1”

H: c. 30; Hf: 19; Wr/m: c. 30; Wtf: 8.5; Wbf: 23.5; ThwB: 0.5-0.6?; ThwBb: 0.6-0.8; ThwF: 0.4-0.5; Wgt: 620.

151

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Table 2.39, Khok Charoen II Type 4Ka pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 1, Pot 10

4Ka

Large footed bowl, Body shallow, slightly concave truncated conical. Rim upturned with bulbous lip. Foot cylindrical with two triangular ridges. Lower part truncated concave flaring conical with bulbous base. Red slip inside rim and entire outside of pot. H: 12.5; Wr: 23.0; W: 23.0; Wgt: 1200. Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 10 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 2, Pot 11

4Ka

Large footed bowl, Body shallow hemispherical. Rim upturned concave with rounded lip. Foot truncated concave conical linked to body by one triangular ridge. There are signs this pot may have been wheel-made. H: 9.5; Wr: 19.8; W: 19.8; Wgt: 820. Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 11 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 5, Find 3, Pot 12

4Ka

Large footed bowl, Body truncated slightly concave conical. Rim concave and out- and upturned. Foot truncated concave conical with out-turned base linked to body by one triangular ridge. Red slip on flat top of rim and entire outside of pot. Entire pot, except inside of foot, burnished. H: 11.0; Wr: 20.0; W: 20.8. Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 5, Pot 12 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 7, Find 3, Pot 26

4Ka

Large footed bowl, Body deep almost hemispherical. Rim upturned concave. Foot truncated slightly convex conical linked to body by one narrow triangular ridge. Red slip on entire outside of pot. H: 10.7; Wr: 18.9; W: 18.9. Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 7, Pot 26 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 10, Find 2, Pot 46

4Ka

Medium footed bowl, Body shallow hemispherical. Rim upturned and slightly in-turned concave. Foot missing except for one triangular ridge (perhaps one of several) linking foot to body. H: -; Wr: 14.5; W: 15.0. Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 10, Pot 46

152

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 17, Find 6, Pot 68

4Ka

Large footed bowl, Body shallow hemispherical. Rim upturned concave with rounded lip. Foot broken off at second triangular ridge (perhaps two of more) which linked foot to body. H (of extant part of pot): 6.5; Wr: 21.0; W: -.

Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 17, Pot 68 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 24, Find 3, Pot 80

4Ka

Large footed bowl, Body shallow hemispherical. Rim upturned concave flattened on top. Foot flaring truncated concave conical linked to body by one triangular ridge. Red slip on flat top of rim and outside foot. H: 11.5; Wr: 19.6; W: 19.6; Wgt: 850.

Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 24, Pot 80 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 29, Find 3, Pot 117

4Ka

Large footed bowl, Body shallow almost hemispherical. Rim seemingly continuing the body’s curvature, its beginning only marked by a slight carination. Foot truncated concave conical linked to body by one triangular ridge. H: 10.5; Wr: 17.8; W: 17.8; Wgt: 630. Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 29, Pot 117 Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 38, Find 13, Pot 201

4Ka

Large footed bowl, Body truncated slightly convex conical. Rim upturned and very slightly in-turned flattened on top. Foot low flaring truncated conical linked to body by five superimposed triangular ridges. Red slip on flat top of rim, outside rim and on outside of entire pedestal. H: 15.0; Wr: 20.5; W: 20.8; Wgt: 900.

Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 38, Pot 201

153

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen II, Burial 41, Find 11, Pot 228

4Ka

Large footed bowl, Body shallow hemispherical inside including direct rim outside concave and marked by a slight carination. Foot flaring truncated conical linked to body by four superimposed triangular ridges. Red slip all over outside pot. H: 13.8; Wr: 23.2; W: 23.2; Wgt: 1400.

Pot Type 4Ka, KC II, Burial 41, Pot 228

154

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Table 2.40, Khok Charoen IV Type 4M and 4N pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 18, Pot “2047-2241”

4M

Large footed pot with shallow bowl, slightly incurving rim with "nail-shaped" lip and pedestal foot of unknown height. H: 15; W: 17.

Pot Type 4M, KC IV, “2047-2241” Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 19, Pot “2360”

4N

Large footed pot with very shallow bowl, direct rim, "nailshaped" lip with incised decoration on top; pedestal foot probably higher than half the height of the entire vessel. H: 22; W: 28.

Pot Type 4N, KC IV, “2360”

155

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

2.11 Table of Class 5 Pots Table 2.41, Khok Charoen III and IV Type 5B and 5C pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, D.O. 5, Pot “D1”

5B

F3: Pot "D1": Medium bowl with flat base Type 5B. Body truncated hemispherical with everted slightly outcurving direct rim, rounded on top. Base slightly concave. Coarse buff ware. Plain; roughly finished inside and outside, smoothed with 2 mm-wide spatula. Found together with sherds of Pot "D2" in the centre of "W"-side of F3 at 40-50 cm b.s., in {4}, in such a way that it may be assumed that it was upright and covered with Pot "D2" as lid which had slipped sideways down its "S"-side. About 75% complete, i.e. a large part of one side is missing while the rest, including the base, is complete but broken into 16 medium/small sherds. The base shows clear signs of having been broken by the impact of a pointed implement at its centre.

Pot Type 5B, KC IV, “D1”

H: 6.6; Wr: 11.6; Wm: 12.4; Wb (at base): 8; ThwB: 0.4-0.6; ThwBb: 0.6-0.8; Wgt: 270.

Source: Khok Charoen IV, D.O. 6, Pot “D2”

5C

F3: Pot "D2": Medium shallow bowl with flat base Type 5C. Dish-like body with everted direct rim, rounded on top. Base perfectly flat. Coarse buff ware. Plain; roughly finished inside and outside, smoothed with 2 mm-wide spatula. Found together with sherds of Pot "D1" in the centre of "W"-side of F3 at 40-50 cm b.s. in {4}, in such a way that it may be assumed that it was the lid of the upright standing Pot "D1" which had slipped sideways down its "S"-side, opening to "N". About 85% complete, broken into 10 medium/small sherds, base in one piece. The smallest sherds being concentrated on the side of the lid which, presumably, was on top of the missing part of the wall of Pot "D1", denoting an impact; Pots "D1" and "D2" had almost certainly been smashed from the top as well as from the bottom.

Pot Type 5C, KC IV, “D2”

H: 4.8; Wr/m: 13.5; Wb (at base); ThwB: 0.4-0.8; ThwBb: 0.70.8; Wgt: 250.

156

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

2.12 Table of Class 6 Pots Table 2.42, Khok Charoen III and IV Type 6D and 6Db pots

Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 23, Pot “1562”

6D

Type 6D: Large unrestricted deep vertically semi-elliptical bowl with pre-fired circular hole at bottom. Vertical direct rim. Body inside polished, outside cord-marked. W: c. 20. Pot Type 6D, KC III, “1562”

Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 24, Pot “1311”

6D

Type 6D: Large unrestricted deep vertically semi-elliptical bowl with pre-fired circular hole at bottom. Vertical direct rim. Body inside polished, outside cord-marked. W: c. 15.

Pot Type 6D, KC III, “1311”

Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 22, Pot “2403”

6D

Type 6D: Large unrestricted deep vertically semi-elliptical bowl with pre-fired circular hole in round bottom. Vertical direct rim. Body inside polished, outside cord-marked. W: c. 11.

Pot Type 6D, KC IV, SUP 22, “2403”

157

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 25, Pot “1038”

6Da

Type 6Da: Large unrestricted deep inverted conical bowl with pre-fired circular hole at bottom. Very slightly everted direct rim with small carination/shoulder underneath. Body inside polished, outside cord-marked from below shoulder down. W: c. 18

Pot Type 6Da, KC III, SUP 25, “1038”

Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 26, Pot “1260”

6Da

Type 6Da: Large unrestricted deep inverted conical bowl with pre-fired circular hole at bottom. Very slightly everted direct rim with small carination/shoulder underneath. Body inside polished, outside cord-marked from below shoulder down. W: c. 22

Pot Type 6Da, KC III, SUP 26, “1260”

Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 23, Pot “2135”

6Da

Type 6Da: Large unrestricted deep inverted conical bowl with pre-fired circular hole in round bottom. Slightly everted direct rim with small carination/shoulder. Body inside polished, outside cord-marked from shoulder down. W: c. 19.

Pot Type 6Da, KC IV, SUP 23, “2135”

158

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 25, Pot “2018”

6Db

Type 6Db: Large sightly restricted spherical bowl with prefired circular hole in round bottom. Direct upturned rim with diagonally flattened lip; red slip on lip. Body inside polished, outside coarsely cord-marked, petering out to a polished bottom at 8-5 cm from hole. W: c. 22.

Pot Type 6Db, KC IV, SUP 25, “2018”

159

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

2.13 Table of Class 7 Pots Table 2.43, Khok Charoen III and IV Type 7A to 7C pots Type

Image (25% Full Size)

Source and Description Source: Khok Charoen IV, SUP 26, Pot “2098”

7A

Type 7A: Large restricted carinated bowl with short everted straight rim; shoulder decorated with a continued incised zig-zag line on empty background. Shallow lower body plain. H: 10, W: 29. Pot Type 7A, KC IV, SUP 26, “2098”

Source: Khok Charoen III, SUP 27, Pot “1133”

7B

Five sherds of one single carinated bowl of Type 7B (Pot "1133"), constituting about 25% of the body, were found at depths of 10 to 50 cm b.s. (i.e. in post-Discontinuity layers) in H5 and G5. As this type of vessel has not been found at all in Khok Charoen whereas it was "rather common at neolithic Sai-Yok" (Van Heekeren and Knuth 1967: 42), we have here proof of trans-Central Plain relations in prehistoric times, the more so as Pot "1133" is identical in all aspects (ware, surface treatment and size) to the Sai-Yok vessel "SY. I/245" and cannot possibly be a local copy. What remains obscure, however, is when exactly, in what way and why this particular pot found its way from Kanchanaburi across the Central Plain to the Pasak Lowlands about 250 km to the NE.

Pot Type 7B, KC III, SUP 27, “1133”

Source: Khok Charoen IV, Burial 5, Find 2

7C

Footed bowl Type 7C (bowl only). Carinated deep bowl. Shallow dish-like body. High concave rim. Form of foot not known (presumably truncated conical with outcurve base). Plain but "burnished inside and out, and burned to a mottled red-brown on the outside, while the inside is black all over" (Watson and Loofs 1967: 253); there are also "broad parallel striations at mouth rim" (Ho 1984, I: 254). Bowl almost complete, broken in large sherds. Foot missing except for small parts of where it joined the bottom of the body from which it was broken off, together with the central part of it. The following dimensions are of bowl only (Ho 1984, I: 254; II: Fig. 3.1, 3d, excluding foot).

Pot Type 7C, KC IV, Burial 5, Find 2

H: 17.5; Hr: 13; Wr/m: 27; Wtf: c. 7; Thw: c. 0.6; Wgt: 1,650.

160

Complete Catalogue of Khok Charoen III, IV and II Pots

2.14 Table of Class 8 Pots Table 2.44, Khok Charoen III Type 8A pots Type

Image (25% Fulll Size), Source and Description

8A

Pot Type 8A, KC III, Burial 8, Find 2; Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 8, Find 2 Very large restricted composite tetrapod vessel Type 8A. Lower body hemispherical, above shoulder concave-inflected. Out-turned rounded rim. Four short (3 cm) solid horn-like feet grow out of the round bottom of the vessel in a quadrangular formation at about 14 cm distance from each other. Buff ware. Large grains of magnetite in clay. Inside plain but burnished throughout: finely inside rim and neck, less carefully towards bottom. Outside plain to 2 cm below rim; then follows a 3.5 cm wide band, delimited on either side by a 2 mm wide groove, of 2 rows of continuous walking-shell impressions. The next lower band, of 6 cm width, delimited on its lower side by the same groove, is divided by vertical grooves into 5 sections; in each section a field in the shape of a circle segment baseline-down is filled with walking-shell impressions while the remainder of the section is simply burnished. Another plain burnished 1 cm wide band, delimited by yet another groove, follows underneath and from there on (just above shoulder) downward the body is finely (7:10) vertically cord-marked, leaving only the four feet plain. Only about 40% complete. Broken in innumerable small and very small sherds. Rim 75% complete but body only about 33%; bottom part with feet remained intact. H (incl. feet): 27; H (body): 25; Hr: 1.5; Hf: 3; Hc: 15.5; Wr: 18.5; Wn: 14.5; Wm: 35; On: 12; Thw: 1-0.3; Wgt: 1,800.

161

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

8A

Pot Type 8A, KC III, Burial 9, Find 7; Source: Khok Charoen III, Burial 9, Find 7 Very large restricted composite tetrapod vessel Type 8A. Lower body hemispherical, above shoulder concave-inflected. Rim missing. Four short (5 cm) solid horn-like feet grow out of the round bottom of the vessel in a quadrangular formation at about 14 cm distance from each other. Buff ware. Large grains of magnetite in clay. inside plain but burnished throughout, finely inside neck, less so further down. Outside plain but burnished to 1.5 cm below neck, where there is a 3.5 cm band, delimited on its lower side by a 2 mm wide groove and filled with 2 rows of continuous walking-shell impressions. The next lower band of 8 cm width, delimited on its lower side by the same kind of groove, is divided by vertical lozenges, outlined by such grooves and filled with walking-shell impressions, into six sections. In five of them there are fields in the form of a circle segment baseline-down, filled with rows of walking-shell impressions, while in the sixth, only about half the width of the others, there are two vertical grooves in the middle, separated by 1 cm, on either side of which there is a triangle, curved on top, also filled with walking-shell impressions. The non-decorated surfaces in this band are finely burnished. Below this follows another narrow (1 cm) plain burnished band, delimited by a groove, below which (just above shoulder) outside body is coarsely (3.5:10) cord-marked, generally vertically but with some irregular crisscrossings, leaving only the feet plain but burnished. Apart from missing rim complete (i.e. about 95%). Broken in a great number of mainly medium/small sherds. H (incl. feet but without rim): 34.5 [total H probably 38]; H&Wf: 5x4 cm; Wn: 22; Wm: 45 Thw: 0.8-0.5; Wgt: 4,550.

162

Chapter 3 Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV 3.1 Introduction

Thus, these sherds must be considered as individuals only. Of the Reserved sherds, while many were found, most had no surface marking apart from cord-marking, and were thus anonymous and of little interest, 155 sherds had some specific deliberate surface decoration and these are illustrated in the following sections.

As stated in the Introduction in Chapter 1, this chapter is concerned with the 155 “Reserved” sherds, that is, sherds found as individual fragments and which could not be matched with any other such fragments found on the site. Only Reserved sherds from the Khok Charoen III and IV sites are considered here. Reserved single sherds found in the Khok Charoen II excavations were not recorded. The Khok Charoen III and IV Reserved sherds themselves were found in the position in which they have been left by the last flooding of the site, without any indication of their original position as complete vessels. These vessels were neither physically restorable, nor could they be measured, as even their sherds, apart from rim pieces, could not be precisely measured, because it was never known from what part of the round body the particular sherd originated, which transforming any measuring of radius or diameter into guesswork. Because of the disturbed nature of the sites, due to intermittent flooding, no definitive statement about these sherds, and their origins, is possible. Watson, quoted in Chapter 2 on the pottery technology of the Khok Charoen pots, notes the presence of grog in some of the thin sections analysed (Watson op cit: 369-370). Whether these Reserved sherds were from whole pots whose remnants are now dispersed and undiscoverable, or whether these sherds were from a midden or some other dump site cannot be known.

3.2 The Sherd Illustrations On the following pages, all 155 of the reserved sherds are illustrated. The illustrations are ordered by:  Site: Khok Charoen III (KC III) or Khok Charoen IV (KC IV); and  Type of marking: Round dots (DOT), Dots and strokes (DST), Square dots (SQD), Lines (LIN) etc. Note that uniquely occurring patterns are identified as “Singles” (SIN). Within each marking type, sherds are grouped by external colour so that any possible sherds from the same pot may be identified. For each sherd the following data are given: Identification eg DOT 1, description, soil level at which found, and cutting in which found. The scale of the images is always 50% full size. A pair of dots to the left of each image shows a separation of 2 cm in the original illustration. This appears here as a 1 cm separation between the dots.

163

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Illustration 3.1, Khok Charoen III, “Dotted” reserved sherds Group 1

164

Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

Illustration 3.2, Khok Charoen III, “Dotted” reserved sherds Group 2

165

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Illustration 3.3, Khok Charoen III, “Dot/stroke” reserved sherds Group 1

166

Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

Illustration 3.4, Khok Charoen III, “Dot/stroke” reserved sherds Group 2

167

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Illustration 3.5, Khok Charoen III, “Lines” reserved sherds Group 1

168

Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

Illustration 3.6, Khok Charoen III, “Lines” reserved sherds Group 2

169

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Illustration 3.7, Khok Charoen III, “Single” (unique) reserved sherds SIN 1 to SIN 4

170

Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

Illustration 3.8, Khok Charoen III, “Square dots” and “Walking shell” reserved sherds SQD and WSH

171

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Illustration 3.9, Khok Charoen III, “Wavy” reserved sherds WAV 1 to WAV 12

172

Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

Illustration 3.10, Khok Charoen IV, “Dot/stroke” reserved sherds DST 1 to DST 10

173

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Illustration 3.11, Khok Charoen IV, “Lines” reserved sherds Group 1

174

Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

Illustration 3.12, Khok Charoen IV, “Lines” reserved sherds Group 2

175

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Illustration 3.13, Khok Charoen IV, “Singles” (unique) reserved sherds SIN 1 to SIN 5

176

Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

Illustration 3.14, Khok Charoen IV, “Square dots” reserved sherds SQD 1 to SQD 7

177

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Illustration 3.15, Khok Charoen IV, “Wavy” reserved sherds Group 1

178

Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

Illustration 3.16, Khok Charoen IV, “Wavy” reserved sherds Group 2

179

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand

Illustration 3.17, Khok Charoen IV, “Walking shell” reserved sherds Group 1

180

Reserved Sherds Found at Khok Charoen Sites III and IV

Illustration 3.18, Khok Charoen IV, “Walking shell” reserved sherds Group 2

181

The Pottery of Khok Charoen, Thailand 3.3 Observations and Conclusions

known how large or small this part is. No single element in this far-flung survey has been exactly measured and is thus solid enough to serve as a basis for anything resembling the structure of an overarching scientific theory or discovery. However, in the context of the present work, this ensemble has to be taken as the known and documented entity to which the stray potsherds are opposed. As has been asked in the "Preface" to the main report (Loofs-Wissowa 2017: xxviii), what the alternative of not taking into account such "un-scientific" evidence would be? It would be a great loss for the understanding of the entire excavation. And yet, as insufficiently documented they may be, these 155 sherds contain vital information without which our knowledge not only of the site itself but also of its relations with the un-excavated surrounding which in turn may become the basis for wider promising research.

This Section, being an analysis of 155 decorated potsherds found as stray finds in stratified positions unrelated to any burial in KC III and IV is included in the hope that they may yield useful information concerning their relationship with pottery further afield. In no way does it pretend to be scientific in the classical sense of the word, implying that therefore it should not be taken seriously into account. To the contrary it complements it in a most important and indispensable way. To explain this, it has to be kept in mind that Science works with exact measurements, rather than with estimates. Looking at the background of the Khok Charoen excavations in general and the place of the stray potsherds therein, it becomes evident that the excavations of Khok Charoen are the result of a chain of accidental happenings and that KC III and IV are each only parts of a much larger cemetery, but it is not

182

Bibliography Bayard, D. T., 1969. “The chronology of prehistoric metallurgy in North-east Thailand: Silabhumi or Samraddhabhumi.” Early Southeast Asia, R. B. Smith and W. Watson ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ———, 1984. “Rank and wealth at Non Nok Tha: The mortuary evidence.” Southeast Asian archaeology at the XV Pacific Science Congress, Otago: University of Otago Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology. Childe, V. G., 1970. Man makes himself, London: Collins Fontana Library. Crocker, J. V., 2017. Personal communication. Department of Mineral Resources Thailand, 1969. Geological map of Thailand. Bangkok: Department of Mineral Resources. Ericson, J. E. and E. G. Stickel, 1973. “A proposed classification system for ceramics.” World Archaeology 4, 3 (Feb): 357-367. Ho Chui Wei W. (Wendy), 1984. The pottery of Kok Charoen and its further context (unpublished PhD thesis). London: University of London, External Studies. Loofs-Wissowa, H., 2017. Hill of Prosperity: Excavations at Khok Charoen, Thailand. Oxford: BAR Publishing, British Archaeological Reports International Series 2844. Moorman, F. R. and S. Rojanasoonthorn, 1968. Soils of Thailand. Bangkok: Division, Department of Land Development and Food and Agriculture Organisation.

Soil

Survey

Solheim, W. G., 1969. “New directions in Southeast-Asian prehistory.” Anthropologica 11, 1: 31-44. Vincent, B., 1988. Prehistoric ceramics of North-eastern Thailand. Oxford: BAR Publishing, British Archaeological Reports International Series 461. Watson, W., 306.

1968.

“The

Thai-British

Archaeological

Expedition.”

Antiquity

42,

168:

302-

Watson, W., I. C. Freestone et al., 1986. “Thin section analysis of pre-Iron-Age pottery in Southeast Asia.” Proceedings of the International conference on ancient Chinese pottery and porcelain 1982, Shanghai: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, 369 sq.

183