The Pathology of Dental Infections and Its Relation to General Diseases (Classic Reprint) by Dr Weston Price , author of Nutrition and Physical Degeneration 1528439740, 9781528439749

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The Pathology

of

Dental Infections and Its Relation to General Diseases WESTON

A. PRICE, D.D.S., CLEVELAND, OHIO

D.Sc.

Director ot the Research Institute of the National

Dental Association

Annual Meeting Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association

INDEX of the Association

Aims and Objects

The

.

.

2

Pathology of Dental Infections and Its

Relation to General Diseases

3

22

President's Address

Secretary-Treasurer's Report

TORONTO 1916

.

.

.

•

r

.24

Aims and Objects of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association the year

1

INcommunicate

905

a committee of dentists of Toronto

was formed

to

with the manufacturers of the tooth preparations then on

the market to ascertain the composition of each, because they believed that a dentist should not

know

recommend any preparation

of which he did not

the ingredients.

Finding there was no satisfaction

to

be obtained

the formulae of these preparations, arrangements

in this direction as to

were made

to

have them

chemically analyzed, thus ascertaining that in most of the samples were ingredients

which should not

The Canadian Oral

exist

in

an ideal mouth preparation.

Prophylactic Association was then organized

to

have manufactured preparations which should contain nothing which was not beneficial.

After much consideration and consultation a paste was manufactured under the registered name "Hutax"

powder was placed on These

the market,

(meaning mouth health).

and

Later a

a tooth brush.

last

articles are the result of frequent consultations

with

many of the Canada

leading practitioners, not only in Toronto, but of the Dominion of

and

the

The

United

States.

shareholders of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association origin-

ally subscribed

$5.00 each

for "the

good of

the cause,"

and

the charter of

incorporation provides that the profits are to be expended for educational

and philanthropic purposes, such

as

(a)

bringing prominently before the

public important information, which the dentist has, as to the influence of conditions of the the poor,

mouth on

the general health.

(b) Care of the teeth of

(c) Assisting the indigent in the profession of dentistry.

Thus

no director or shareholder receives directly or indirectly any dividends or other

remuneration.

Every

dentist

may recommend "Hutax"

consciousness that there will

is

preparations with a confident

nothing better on the market, and that the profits

be utilized for the good of the profession and of humanity.

The Pathology and

Its

Weston A.

Dental Infections Relation to General Diseases of

Price. D.D.S., D.Sc. Cleveland. Ohio.

Delivered before the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association and their guests, the Academy of Medicine, Toronto, February 14, 1916.

Mr. sense of

President,

my

—

I

want

you

to assure

inability to-night to

up

live

that

I

to the

come with

hope that has been thrown out by Dr. McDonagh.

man

unfair handicap to put upon a

which of It

men

all

certainly cannot live

I

think

I

mingled feeling of joy that

am

I

is

it

make such extravagant

to

up

a very

statements

to.

however, a very great pleasure to be here, and

is,

a very deep

standard and desire and

come back

privileged to

I

to

come with

a

Toronto and

be with you again, and feelings of helplessness akin almost to discourage-

ment when

to

meet

realize the responsibility that

I

and the

to-day,

profession

that

utter

and had

as

of

That splendid

surgeon reviewed to us

in detail

the

He

we had

evening

Institute of the

orator

profession

dental

the

this

one of our speakers Dr.

Rochester, Minnesota.

relates to the healing arts.

being thrust upon the dental

One week ago

responsibility.

Cleveland the opening of the Research Association,

is

inadequacy

Mayo,

Charles

development of modern science as

great scourges, the great besoms of death,

by medical

science,

and then

it

reminded us of the splendid contributions

decades and reminded us

to the present

of

and magnificent physician and

of the Chinese, of those great contributions of the Greeks, and finally

down

in

National Dental

how one

came

after another the

had been taken from

as his climax, said the great

the earth

mass of people

to-day would not die of one of those plagues, they would die of a simple infection, that

90

out of every

I

00 probably would

die because of

simple infection, the result of a focal infection, which focus give

them no

trouble.

He

then referred to the fact that

lesions, of the focal infections,

the collar

and

which would include

are above the collar,

and then accepted

some

would

per cent, of the

and of those above

the tonsils, the antrum, the nasal passages

sinuses, that for the largest part

fections,

90

itself

come from

dental infections, oral in-

the challenge of the dental profession that they

are going to take that responsibility.

Are you

going to do

it,

brothers?

universities

and

the dental colleges of the country, with the editors of our best journals,

and

Recently

I

have been corresponding with the deans of the

advertising in our dental journals to find

even one-half dozen,

men who

if

we

cannot get one dozen, or

are competent to go into the department of

Report

4

Canadian

the

of

Ural Prophylactic Association.

mouth

research to determine the relation of

How

tions.

you know.

we

infections

cannot pry them loose from where they are, but

men

haven't

mouth

month

last

that

demanded

is

now

right

now in order to own sakes, but for

Mayo

Dr.

vice versa.

moment we should have

that at this

look after the interests of humanity.

for their

the State's sake.

dear brothers

this

wheel.

We

in the profession,

also said to

we have

What

Not

does that mean?

only

Well,

means we must put our shoulders

it

mouth

to

me

infections to systemic infections.

on that occasion, as he did

in

Boston some weeks ago,

we

learned as a medical profession doing research as

problems cannot be solved by medical men

institution, that these

men with

be solved by

said

have a great responsibility as a dental profession, namely,

to help interpret the relation of these

He

we

four dentists to every one

that exists

my

is

even do one per

to

in interpreting the relation of

and

infections to systemic infections,

tragedy

alas, the

world to-day; we haven't enough

in the

work

cent, of the

systemic infec-

to

many do you suppose we could find? I am ashamed to let There are a few good men who are doing research work, but

Where

a dental vision.

are the

are in our ;

men with

they must the dental

vision ?

Unfortunately, is all

they have got.

men

that are

sees,

and

men we the

when we try to pick out the men with dental vision^ that Oh, the men with the medical and dental vision are the

wanted

need.

man who

the

many

me

"There

said:

place to store

to

store

joke

to a

We

hospital.

this

in

teeth

the

extracted in this hospital are tion that the

and helped, because

and then we came

room, and

have

got

to

As a matter of fact we are exteeth in this institution we have really got to get a new them." I said to him, "What proportion of the teeth that are

new room tracting so many

get a

and one of

since,

through one ward after another and

infections,

great

a

is

the physician

all

these seeing both at once are the

cases that were being treated

mouth

they had treated the

—

Chicago not long

visited a hospital in

I

big enough to see

is

the dentist sees

leading bacteriologists took

showed me he

the

;

what

also see

in

in.

your judgment related

to the other infec-

He

removal of the teeth did cure or did relieve?"

said, "I

many times, and I have thought that three The average number of teeth extracted in that

have thought of that

or four

out of a dozen."

hospital

under the direction of the medical men, he his

We

ever should have been extracted.

am I

said,

was about

twelve,

and

in

judgment as a bacteriologist not more than three or four of the twelve

glad

don't

it

so,

to

that every

Now,

practice

feelings of the medical

be removed, and that

is

if

are honored,

understand, and

I

have a number of the medical men with us

know what your

where the

demand

is

is

here, but

tooth that has a it

isn't

I

do know

men sometimes dead pulp

giving trouble

it

may

that

I

go

I

to-night. to cities

are so extreme as to even is

a

menace and should

give trouble.

almost as extreme as a physician as perhaps are 70 per

cent, of the dental profession,

who

rather

plume themselves and

say.

"Well.

Report of the

perhaps so and so

on that will be

Canadian

Oral

Prophylactic

Associatioi

not competent to save

is

all right."

I

this root, but I can put a bridge say the dental profession are taking the other

extreme and are saying, or thinking, and are allowing themselves, perhaps, to be misled or else they have not informed themselves of the danger

—

and they are going

much

as

know

I

I

am

lives

of patients.

some of the work

have put bridges on

I

of those patients.

lives

standing here, that a

helped to shorten the not done that

ahead and putting dental work on

right

already shortening the

that

I

I

lot

my

of

would

just as

dental operations have

give a great deal

have been doing.

if

had

I

believe absolutely

I

already had an infection, and that

to teeth that

were undermining the health of those

teeth that are

and know,

believe

I

and

patients,

did not suspect

I

it.

I

have had the privilege of undoing some of that work, and if God will spare me I hope to undo quite a lot more of it. To show you that I have not been a gold crown advocate I may say I have never put a gold crown in any person's mouth forward of the second bicuspid. So you see I have not been a slave to the gold crown habit. I have refrained from devitalizing pulps

where

have

I

felt

was

could accomplish the result

I

so skilful that

deep pyorrhea pockets beside them.

thought

I

patient ^vas wonderfully fortunate to be in

would have been

that they

unknown

to the

my

some other way, but

who

I

was

more frequently than

say, is

"That

is

just as far

when we can

what

^vith his

I

know

ness,

conservatism was satisfied to but would use the

Well, some medical people

which

distinguish the type is

Now, which

not.

of none that

is

the patient

The is,

is

will

That

a dangerous type of infection

the greatest tragedy

is

of research during

so significant

the abscess.

mouth of

very well

expected, and that tooth should be extracted."

I

in this entire field

as

would.

know

I

from the mark as the other statement, for the time has come

from one which veloped

I

so skilful that the

hands, but

practice a great deal less scientific dentistry perhaps

forceps

I

had

teeth that

to

hands of some man entirely

better off in the

community, but

in

could attach bridges

I

this last

which has de-

two or

three years?

and so appalling, because of

dental abscess that

its

causing trouble

is

subtlein

the

as a rule, not the one that will be causing arthritis

or myelitis, or a heart affection, not nearly so as that type of dental abscess that produces

that

we have

no local trouble.

Let

me

exception to the fact that the lesions which ing the patient's condition

were giving no

type of infection answers the question.

dozen cases

the last

we

relieved

local trouble.

What do

I

and treated impro\-

Why? The

mean by

Here we have a rapidly developing abscess with a

infection?

of inflammation

and pus formation.

we have

a

ancillary contaminations with

it.

tococcus

Of

repeat:

studied and treated for arthritis there has not been a single

infection;

We

stercoremia

great deal

have not got a simple infection,

But when we have

infection

of the type that produces lesions that

variably,

if

I

strep-

some of

with

very

the type of

the

a pure streptococcal

referred

to,

not invariably, they give the patient no trouble.

almost

Now,

in-

this

Report of the Canadian

6

seems

a contradiction, but

like

—

body

if

was worse

it

what does

in

build up a resistance,

Because

But when

our bodies.

irritated

it

our united body, drives

politic,

out.

it

Why?

and we destroy the organism.

say,

I

a chemical substance that reacts

created,

is

and the body

against that organism,

We

would be better. That seems like a strange mean? If an organism growing in your body the body and brings forward the resisting powers

it

body a new element

of the

w^ould be a great deal better for the

it

that

up some trouble

starts

produced a very much more

that organism

human body

severe reaction in the

thing, but

if

Oral Prophylactic Association.

grows within our bodies

it

without producing an irritation the body does not react, and therefore there is

no anti-body built up to destroy

and the body

is

it,

almost indifferent to

and consequently

its

the organism the

more subtle

like the arthrities.

dency to

it

produce those

to

go

down

and we

What would

a matter of fact

assume you are

be the difference

you would

would be

It

will

and an ant

I

found

my Now,

splendidly.

of horn.

You

Why?

You

would not take

The

theirs,

is

bill

have a digestive ap-

we had

this

evening,

He

that.

would

select

select a piece

could not digest the horn, and you could not digest the

point

I

am

life

would

that

select the

trying to emphasize

ence between you and every other form of for example,

into

As What would

and another of the organisms would

bark, so those various forms of

could digest.

human go

apparatus inside could dissolve that chicken

the porcupine

a nice piece of bark,

all

meal you would order?

order nearly the same thing.

all

largely protein.

digestive

—you

going to order from the

all

in the

it is

some reason

will see

several other species besides the

paratus that would digest a nice piece of chicken, like

and

less ten-

to-morrow morning, and

to a restaurant

us say a porcupine, a grasshopper

let

the restaurant,

be?

the virulence of

producing these grave lesions

Now, we

lesions like the arthrities.

we were

If

—

of fare.

in

lower the virulence of the organism the

you would take along with you

species

it

seems to be

has to produce a reaction on the body, and the more certain

for that. if

The

it

another strange

is

The lower

but rather important apparent contradiction.

on and on

lives

it

Here

presence.

life,

your digestive apparatus

and yours changes and

theirs

is

very thing that they that the only differ-

including those streptococci, just

is

a

little

They have

changes.

of living on certain tissues of your body, and your

body has

different to

the property the

power of

taking in food, and can select certain of those products for different organs

You

does that chicken become part of your muscle tissue? different kinds of digestion,

two kinds of

and

and the micro-organism has

also.

have two

You

have

digestive fluids, one in the stomach, another in the arteries

veins, in the

blood stream, a digestive circulation, and the protein you

take into your body, as, for example, the piece of chicken,

does not go into the body as a whole protein;

an axe and

How-

Let us assume you have taken your piece of chicken.

of the body.

split

up the wood

into fibres,

it

is

is split

up.

It

divided up as you take

and .afterwards

it

goes into that

Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.

Report of the

Then each

other circulation.

is

body and one

that

it

inside

its

body.

All

and

digestive fluid,

wants, just as your body, which

and each streptococcus has one

a multiple of cells,

its

body has

of your

cell

pabulum

these take the particular

7

digestive fluid outside

do

things must

liviiig

three things;

they must eat, they must assimilate, and they must excrete, and you and the 'pabulum are precisely alike, as

we go

When

you take

we

from

will see

different viewpoints

your body some protein which gets into your circulation, which has not been properly split up in your stomach, as

along.

Why,

what happens?

into

immediately the chemistry of your body

forward and you build up a new enzime, a new chemistry,

and the thing

digest that very thing;

ample, you have

we

got,

that happens

this:

is

is

called

to dissolve or

for ex-

If,

an overdose, you have overeaten,

will say,

in

other words, bananas or eggs or milk, or any kind of food, in so large

some of

quantities that

that protein gets from your stomach through into

the circulation without having been properly split up, the blood immedi-

up and

ately produces a chemistry that splits

gone through, and ever after that the thing

that has poisoned you, immediately that chemistry

is

up that

splits

poison,

and

that poison

that poison

but

making you

ready and

is

your blood

in

sick,

is

part

and you can't

get typhoid fever, for example, the organism

You

what happens.

precisely

is

You

sick.

in

not until your

is

it

up

react

up those organisms, part of which are poison, and

splits

makes you

with those organisms

mean?

you

is

split

your blood has called forth the new chemistry which

in

down and

tears

when

the thing that

is

When

that protein

your body, and that

in

organism

that

and

protein,

eat those things.

grows

digests that protein that has

you eat eggs or bananas, or whatever

if

down

are walking up and

the country

your body; they are incubating in your system,

body

reacts that

when

Simply the time comes

you are

this

What

sick.

chemistry

is

does that

so perfectly de-

veloped that immediately the new organisms come into the body the defensive forces rush to the rescue

and produce a large amount of

this

chemistry and

destroy that organism.

Now

then,

what happens when

ample, get into your blood system?

the bacteria of your mouth, for ex-

They do

body has not been

sequently a resistance of the

not stop there, and con-

stimulated, but pretty soon

your body builds up that chemistry, and immediately sensitized to to

which

of you If

it

it,

is

know

you were

circulation

would

and day

but for those

is

—

if

—

just

you

it

does you are

reacting to that very thing

I

will call

it

an egg and

to

Many

your attention.

inject

it

into

your

ordinary white of egg which your stomach

the

inject

is

the significance of this?

not

to take a little of the white of

to-day

digest

Now, what who do

so sensitive. this,

day your body

after

into

it

would not do you much harm

;

it

your blood system circulation to-day

would be

in

it

there as a foreign substance,

but your body immediately builds up the chemistry to destroy that protein,

and

in ten or

twelve days

if

you put

a

little

bit

more white of egg

C\uuidian

Report of the

S

in

it

will

Why?

you.

kill

and even

egg,

Oral Prophylactic Association.

\ ou have been

so small a fraction of

dram

millionth part of a

\\ill

sensitized to that white of

any of the proteins as sometimes the

be enough to

body

sensitize the

when

so that

most

the subsequent dose of that gets into the blood system the reaction

is

violent on the part of the whole body, because

up

You

protein.

have seen

all

this illustrated, for

ently the strongest that dies with typhoid. to tear

down

so

many

so rapidly splits

it

is

it

"Why

is

man

the

that

is

that

appar-

Because he had

that?

of those organisms immediately that his reaction has

men that die of this disease, because There are of the poison is set free. much nature reacts so vicriently and so down our streets suffering and going up scores and scores of people that are been stimulated.

So

from a poison that

is

bacteriological

it

the strong

going into their body by absorption of protein from the

infection

the dental operators

is

of

their

mouths,

and they are

sensitized

to

it;

know what I speak of so well. You know that if we many of the teeth the same day they are violently sick.

undertake to scale too

remember one woman where I simply took care of about one-quarter of the removing the debris from the teeth, because in that operation we open up the circulation slightly and let in more of these toxine poisons, and I I

teeth,

"This is all we had better do to-day; let us stop now and you me to-morrow and let me know if you have had a reaction, and although that woman had walked to the office and walked away apsaid to her,

'

telephone

parently in her normal health, which

was much below

par, the next day,

even with the telephone within arm's length of her bed,

she reached to

get it to telephone me, as she had promised she would tell me how she pillow and said, felt, and she was so sick she threw herself back on the She was simply anyway." sick would be me I "What is the use? he told

—

reacting to the toxine, to the protein that

Now,

poison.

that

is

was being absorbed from

going on in a large degree

in so

many

bodies,

that

and

there are probably hundreds and thousands of us that are beginning to die at

40 and 50

years of age because

we

are over sensitized to those

mouth

protein poisons.

Now, \vill

I

will

not have time to go very far into that discussion, and

take the slides at this time and discuss

and because of

lesions,

like to limit

first

some of the

ground

the impossibility of covering the

myself very largely to streptococcus infection.

I

typical kinds of

The

I

should

first

slide

on will be one showing the Research Institute of the National Dental Association, a building that has been purchased for the dental profession of the United States, a building which contains some-

which

we

will put

thing like thirty rooms,

and

I

am

glad to say that within six weeks after

the call went out to the dental profession for assistance to

one-third of the entire cost of the property or pledges.

on

now

It

-is

in

buy

that building

our hands, either

also significant that these researches that

in

cash

have been going

and which have entailed an expense of some$75,000. 90 per cent, of that amount has come from the dental

for about three years,

thing like

was

Rtport of the Canadian

Oral Prophylactic Association.

This building which you see has

profession as voluntary contributions.

something splendid

30 rooms, and has another auditorium, and we have facilities

amount of research work.

we have

In this picture

and

He

had symptoms of

occasions there

to

about

1

tion of the patient

pulp

in the

dead pulp

had

his chin,

was

it

It

Our

tions that Ave get consecutively

roots,

gained 25 pounds

the in

The

canals

opened

to

into the right lat-

and studied the

it,

produce

mean corresponding

in

animals

to the infec-

with that type and strain of streptococcus.

time the

last

till

and thoroughly

cleansing,

twelve weeks, and went back to

lived in another city,

we man

no doubt but vvhat

morning

was an that the

examination with the radio-

We

I

156

two

other treatment than obliterating the area of infection at the

opening up

He

typical

both

from

in all probability

organism with our various methods, and were able

With no

On

so uncertain that

was not recognized

eral and removed some of the infection and inoculated

By

hospitals.

to the time of the presenta-

which

in a tooth.

the presence of the abscess.

the typical liver infections.

and

fallen off in weight

was dead.

adjoining lateral

gram showed

is

stomach disturbance of

to the hospital for operation.

He

he had a boil on

external fistula to a

ulcer, or

TAventy years pre\ ious

20.

inter-

sanitariums

in

^v'as

not to operate, because

were gall-stones present.

pounds

anybody who

mail.

and peptic

was taken

was decided

it

a

large

This patient was out of business for four that time

gall-stone

various kinds, and twice

rear with

the

at

taking care of a

a typical infection of a streptococcus type, pro-

two years of

for

for

will be glad to furnish

I

more detailed description by

ducing no general disturbance. years,

building

like

ested with a

9

and

called on

his business.

me

his physician has written

did remove

me

that he has

man's trouble.

entire cause of this

\.hp

gentleman

this

he said he worked from seven

eleven at night, and looked as stout and well as could be.

the

in

The

next slide shows the typical lesions in the animal, and the section of the liver

shows a typical focal

streptococcal infection.

blocked.

The

kidney of

an abscess, that

this

who

Institute,

is

which we get with

to note that the

this

blood vessel

strain is

of

entirely

animal shows a cloudy swelling, but \vithout

very characteristic of

is

have the picture of a young zell,

abscess,

want you

I

man who was

this

type of infection.

Here we

treated in the clinic of Dr. Hart-

one of our directors of research supported by the Research

and working

in the University of

Minnesota and

in the hospitals.

This man had not been without pain for nine months, and could not walk, could not feed himself, could not put on

At

dress himself.

the time this picture

was

his

own

taken, as

collar

you can

put his hands behind his back and up over his head.

shows us the

The

see,

he could

next picture

This man had been in the hospital and the treatments given him were doing him no good, and

lesion that \\as found.

for nine months,

he was turned over to

and could not

satisfactorily

find

to

our department.

relief

The

for the infection.

medical

The

men were

not able

area of absorption

is

Report of the Canadi-aii Oral Prophylactic Association.

10

shown around

The

the molar.

making of a vaccine

entirely

was dismissed from

of stairway in the

where

five

weeks before he couldn't put

woman had

his foot to the floor in the hospital,

suffered for three years.

suffered very great pain,

and month

after

the dental infection at the apices of

other treatment than the removal

We

very

much emaciated.

is

many

The

next picture

roots,

and with no

She was dismissed from the

family of several small children

no recurrence

We

had watched

Here

this patient getting

to the conclusion that

making of

the

In a few weeks this

hospital

who needed

twelve months.

in

and

the

much.

woman

on those knees that had not been straightened for

to stand erect

months.

some old

not emphasize the vaccines

believe they are helpful in certain cases.

was able

Hartzell's

notice the ankles

month they were placing on

of these roots

We do

was removed.

vaccine the trouble

and the vaccine

You

record "present treatments doing patient no good."

shows us

five

foot above the other,

the removal of the infection

are swollen, and the knees and the hands, and she

She

could then run up

Here we have another case from Dr.

this culture.

This

He

Donaldson building, one

and no other treatment than

made from

trouble, or sufficiently so that he

the hospital in six weeks.

flights

clinic.

removal of the dental infection and the

removed the

is

and went back

a case

worse for

my own

from

to her

She has had

her very much.

practice.

we came The next picture With very little other

fifteen

years and

some dental trouble was the cause.

shows us the area of infection around the bicuspid.

treatment than the treating and removing of that infection and the imperfectly filled

which

root

I

had

filled

which has done splendid

now

away

has thrown

my

being carried to

elevate her hands,

This picture shows a patient that

The woman

could hardly move her head or

walking around by midsummer

woman was

that

and now she can turn her head from that

mouth.

move

the chair, so rigid

side to side

failed to bring the slides

I

There were

five

abscesses

vertibrae,

and look over her shoulder,

showing the infections all

had

a

fistula.

fillings.

fistula

gave us a mixed infection.

is

am

had had

Only one

teeth except the one

Now, what

I

woman's

in that

at the apices of teeth that

Every one of those

think

her head half

fistula gave us a pure culture of the strains of streptococcus,

with the

I

improving.

were her

dental treatment, some with gold crowns and some with

of the five

is

from the treatment that has taken place since November.

is

sorry that

in weight.

at the rate she

put in the chair she could only

an inch without moving her position on

and

that her

now swing through feet. The pain is

gone and she has gained a number of pounds

will be

When

up

those joints that were so tied

quite a large arc, and^ very soon she will be on her

she

is

could not be flexed one-eighth of an inch will

joint

entirely

and

the imperfection,

but with no other treatment than treating the dental

woman's mouth

abscesses in that

knee

showed

her crutches.

office.

The radiogram that woman

some twenty years before.

service

and

v^rith

the

the

one

the significance

Report of the Canadian

Oral Prophyluctk Association.

That woman's

of the fact that those teeth did not give trouble?

had been examined had been coming on

gram

said

I

there

one with

the

hospital

months, and

teeth

condition

this

and they pronounced her mouth

in

looked into her mouth without the radio-

I

one

only

is

the

nine

for

for nine years,

and when

perfect condition,

was

the

in

11

tooth

indicating

and the tragedy

fistula,

an

abscess,

is,

as

and that that

repeat,

I

the very conditions that will give these grievous troubles seem to be in-

variably

which

those

no

produce

own methods

not trust our

local

trouble.

have here the case of a young man twenty years of age. been

bed

in

for five years with

an

His mother has

and he has been

arthritis,

siderably with arthritic infection of increasing severity.

note the anterior buccal roots were not

Our method

infection. is

to get the culture

the

we can

get the infection

tracting the tooth than five in that

by

by

we were

area

"apparently."

we may

—

I

I

that

we

wax

with

I

use

root

doubt

young man

if

I

we

I

think

entirely

we

that

I

sterilized the area

have ever been able

greatly reduce the infection

remove the

infection.

This

has a long rubber tube to

it

instru-

and has

copper tubing slipped into a glass tube and aspirate the small copper tube into the root of the tooth

locate the organisms in the root

by

aspiration,

Dr.

itself.

interested he will be pleased to assist

We

find

it

you

in

making one

we can whether

McDonagh

leave one of these instruments with him and

often see.

his

danger of having that

in

is

have ever

or cement, preferably with cement, and almost invariably

we can me to

we

and out of

say that with the emphasis on

I

by any medication

for aspirating,

by sealing

quested

than

safely without ex-

in this case,

get a culture of the infection in the root of the tooth

or not

now

get a pure culture, be-

did that

doubt very much whether

either glass tubing or into the tube

these cases

able to get the pure streptococcal culture of three

say thoroughly sterilized.

at the apex, but

ment

We

extracting.

believe that that

I

beyond the apex of a to use

all

more perfectly and

apparently entirely relieved.

infection recur.

to

notice the areas of

There was no extraction done and yet he has had

aspiration.

infection

suffering con-

want you

I

apex of the root without the extraction of the

tooth, before the extraction, in order that lieving that

You

filled.

of getting cultures practically in

from

we canThen we

means

It

without having radiograms taken.

if

re-

you are

a great deal better

a most indispensable instrument in connection

with the treatment and diagnosis of these conditions.

A

great

many

of the infections of the

had not suspected a few months slides illustrating that.

ing in our public schools losing her voice.

mouth

or years ago,

The one I am and who had

and

presenting to give

we now show you a few woman who is teach-

select out tissues that I

is

will

of a

up her profession on account of

There was no apparent cause, but with no other treatment

than the removal of an infected and impacted cuspid, and infection not the impaction, that stored.

The

it

was due

young woman had her voice

next slide shows the case of a young

woman, now

to the

entirely re-

not a very

Report of the

12

young woman, nearly I

lost

Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.

for she has lost her voice for something

She called me up on

it.

Hke twenty years, or

the long distance telephone the

came away, telephoning from another

show me

city, to

day before

that she could talk

now with her voice, the first time she had talked long distance for many years, and her husband says her voice is better now than any Another

fection of this type

is

important characteristic of a streptococcal

that the alveolar

recognize this condition

shown on

in-

bone does not recover normally as

Many

appears with other types of infection.

and you

time in

She had no other treatment than the removal of the

nearly twenty years. dental infections.

a great

of our dental

men

Here we have

this slide.

present will

a

first

molar,

This gentleman had suf-

will see the area of infection at the apex.

fered from recurring inflammation of the throat and chronic bronchitis that

took him to the doctor almost every week.

After the infection was removed

he has not had a recurrence for two years except a grippe infection, which

we

could not assume was caused by the old infection.

I

want you

bone does not restore perfectly.

this,

that the result

We

found three months after the extraction of that tooth that

strains of that

is

that the

organism from the alveolar bone surrounding the socket by

drillmg into the bone.

feel

I

very strongly that practically every case of

streptococcal infection of this type

carry

that

to note

Now, why? we could get

infection

and every tooth

for

which

many months

that has such

of a very low virulence, will

is

in

the

bone around that socket,

an infection must have a very thorough

curettement to remove that infected bone, and not trust to simply the removal of the tooth for obliterating the infection. That is a thing that we as dentists

have not appreciated.

extensive.

Here

fection

the

in

is

mandible from the central

which was that a necrosis destroyed the all

lower,

incisors,

entire

the teeth from the third molar on one side

The

on the other.

streptococcal

a

flow with

this

come from

chin

was gone

infection.

type of infection.

the type

We As

result

and the second molar on

entirely,

do

the

mandible so that she

and the mandible from the third molar on one

other

not

may be very woman who got an in-

Sometimes the infection

the case of a rather beautiful

not

side

much

the

to the second,

That was

practically.

get

of lost

if

any

pus

a rule those extreme infections do not

of organism that will

produce these disturbances.

While we are at this I will ask you to note that the stretching pressure on the new forming bone was sufficient to make that chin grow out to almost its normal position. Here is a picture of the same woman as we see her on the street to-day,

stretched as

made

to

stumps.

it

and again she has got a

was growing about an

inch

chin.

By

having that bone

and a half of new bone has been

grow out of about half an inch of bone that attached those two She could only take a liquid diet \vhen we started that stretching

operation,

and now she can

practically.

eat as large a

meal as anybody of as coarse food

Canadian

Report of the

There are some types of

many

for a great

The

years.

giving no trouble at

Oral

Prophylactic

infection that will be carried in

next

the case of a

is

woman whose

but they were discolored.

all,

duty to remove the dead and putrescent pulp. tooth after demonstrating that

was dead, and

it

felt that

I

opened

I

13

Association.

dead

teeth

teeth

were

it

was my dead

into the

was

that tooth that

giving

her no trouble took on an active form of inflammation so severe and rapid '

by ten o'clock that night she had a fever of

that

ing

when

came

she

head was

to the office her

much

high fever and very

study of the organism to identify

When

which grows with two expressions. duces very

oxygen

in \ve get

dition of very grave irritation.

may

tooth

this

pneumonia and patient

We

asked

to take

it

woman

this

pro-

it

if

on a new con-

she had had any

had

its

remained there

it

lowered

vitality

al!

and

these years,

carry in the body an organism that

had some general

the time ^vhen they

!n«uiy dentists in this

They do

room

Now,

abscessing teeth.

at

of

a

at

and

that suggests

in at

what

find very

few physicians have sympathy with

had the experience of

seeing, perhaps,

men

What

going about,

some other form of

is

A streptococcal

the trouble?

of the

more absces-

two weeks of one period than they may have seen after.

for six

infection

culture

medium,

and immediately

that

is

and the organism goes

infection,

through the system and lodges at the apices of the teeth where there

good

so

have seen over and over again, an epidemic of

months before or or

a

moment's

which organism came

infection,

in

the

how

this illustrates

r^ady

is

time

the

not understand that, but as a matter of fact the

dental profession have sing teeth in

I

This

and

the organism of pneumonia,

notice to re-infect with a very grave infection,

that.

a

free baccillus

an entirely new expression from that same

commonly grows along with

probability

be

to

and she said seven years previously she had pneumonia.

severe illness,

all

a

does not get oxygen

it

organism, and the opening up of the tooth allows

bacillus very

was

It

it.

had

we had made

that time

inflammation locally, but by opening up the tooth and

slight

letting the air or

so that she almost

By

carried in and threw herself on the lounge. sufficient

up and she had a very

all tied

much

prostrated, so

03, and the next morn-

1

patient

troubled

is

is

a

with

abscessing teeth, the infection gets to the teeth through the blood stream and

causes that epidemic.

Value of Vaccines. The

next slide

is

particularly interesting because

it

shows where a

third

molar was extracted, and under normal conditions the alveolar bone has

more

restored

in

This

months.

six

is

irritation of the throat

removal of vaccines.

put

in

this

weeks than

some other location

it

would

was producing

in

six

a chronic

with bronchitis, which cleared up entirely after the

infected tooth.

Where

in

a streptococcal infection that

shall

wt

This

slide will suggest to us the use of

use vaccines, and

how much we use?

them, and what kind of vaccine will

of them shall

We

we

have the

Report of the Canadian

14

extremes of opinion

my

profession, but

Oral Prophylactic Association.

the dental profession

in

judgment would be and

hcially used in very carefully selected cases,

much

altogether too

confidence

twenty years of age

who had

This

them.

in

The pus had stopped were healing up. the seat

into

of

we

restoratives gave

weeks and then

lost

who

its

If

we had

to

No\v,

you have people with

it

willing to

we must

A vaccine was

of age.

for something like five

pay

to

like five years

of resistance

and

may

lots

of

bring out

were, by means of a vaccine and help them to

not expect

much from

The

vaccine.

next slide

mam

This

service.

for

and was trying

it,

he has been compelled

pay

to

for

it,

and yet

last

tor

deny himself practically

to

and

the privileges of public life because of irritation of the bladder,

during the

be-

^\'hat is the difference

lots

for the best dental service that could be got in the world,

pay

and he was able

all

young

the

temporarily overwhelming infection, but with people beyond

this

something

both the

at

again.

shows one of the tragedies of our modern splendid dental

was

get

are suddenly overwhelmed by infection you

years of age

fifty

him improvement

efficiency entirely.

nature's hidden strength, as

overcome

the condition.

was changed completely and

picture

this

made, and the

reserve

She was

treatment.

and even the second molar, and with

woman was restored in a very few days to health The next picture shows a gentlemcm fifty years

tween these cases?

woman

could inject a solution of medicine

necrotic area

this

to the third molar,

no other treatment

to local

shown completely changed

is

Before that time

and buccal

lingual

slide

are liable to place

shows a young

almost entirely in three or four days and the sinuses

focus

or

we

but

and the making of a vaccine from the

infection,

contents of this pocket ^\•hich

the medical

in

that vaccines can be benc-

a necrosis going on for something like four

months which did not subside or respond

o.erwhelmed with an

we have

as is

A

twenty years he has been suffering with that trouble.

bacteriological culture from the urine gave us a typical streptococcal infec-

The radiagram showed

tion.

hod been going on

for years.

area of infection where the absorption

this

We

got a very prolific streptococcal infec-

and with no further treatment than the treatment of

tion,

the dentist

had

no other treatment than bladder cleared up.

il

off,

it

Now,

onto some good

and

I

which with

it,

the extraction of that tooth the irritation of the

not a tragedy that

is It

onto a sick old tooth which nature would eliminate hitch

that tooth

very securely anchored to the next tooth back of

healthy tooth

have no hesitation

in

we if

as dentists will hitch

she could?

We

will

and prevent nature from throwing

saying that the Cliff Dwellers with their

healthy mouths without decay were infinitely better off than our civilization with our boasted dentistry,

because

we do

not

know

better than

to

hitch sick teeth onto well teeth.

This at

first

slide

shows the case of a whole

series of infections nearly, starting

with an acute inflammatory process

infection, then a liver disturbance, so

much

in

her joints,

then

a

so that they thought she

heart

would

Report of the Canadian

have to be operated on for

and then peptic

stones

gall

of pus,

when

such were possible, and then

if

had probably a hundred

think she

Then

ulcer.

saw her

I

bunco about mouth

he didn't think the bad teeth had anything to do with

want them out she didn't need

Now,

to.

me

that to

one time

at

Her

boils of various sizes.

said he did not take any stock in all this

men

15

a carbuncle from which her physician thought he took a teacup

finally full

Oral Prophylactic Association.

and

infection,

and

it,

if

I

physician

she didn't

a tragedy, that the

is

of our dental profession cannot have the united co-operation of the

medical profession, and one.

I

am

who Jo

use that as an illustration, and

I

sorry to say

is

it

I

hope

it

a rare

is

men

not a rare one in our city to find medical

not yet recognize the importance of mouth infection.

Now,

I

impacted

We

pressure.

between mouth infections and

wish to differentiate

produced by

teeth

and

were told by Dr.

the

Mayo

Monday

last

lesions

produced by pus under

lesions

evening that pus will

produce a typical type and successive chain of expressions of the nervous

when

system;

of expression

impacted is

under

not

;

third

entirely different,

that we we have

have

will

produces

pressure,

when under molar, we

pressure, get

a

an

entirely

on the nervous

re-action

system

people

these

the case of a

She had

that

and very often involves a mental disturbance so grave locked up

our sanitariums.

in

young woman who has been

all

sorts

With no

of hallucinations.

Here

an asylum for two

in

years, part of the time in a plaster of paris jacket because she violent.

type

different

coming not from pus but from an

was

so

other treatment

than the removal of the impacted upper third molars and the removal of the remains of the distal root of a second molar that

over she

was completely

from the asylum as cured, and has been grand opera

in

Boston, putting

apparently perfectly well again.

in

five I

was

entirely

grown

two weeks she was dismissed

relieved so that in

for the last nine

months studying

hours a day at her studies zmd

want

is

emphasize that the type of

to

expression that comes from an impacted tooth

is

quite different from the

expression that comes from a septic infection, and with no. other indicatior

but the deposit as shown in the next slide

we

will

have an acute inflamma-

tory process take place. I

presume one of the greatest contributions that has come from

entire field of research has

be

sufficient to

and blood produces is

vessels

this

just recently

even the amount of infection

shcv^ring that

will

been made

this

by Dr. Hartzel! by

we may have

in

these spaces

gain entrance directly through the open lymph channels

and

infect the apices of roots,

amount of inflammation.

This

slide

our graveyard of dentistry, the gold crown.

and a

little

shows what I

more deposit I

should say

do not know of any

we as a dental profession have made that has produced so much local and general disturbance as the gold crown, because wnth it we may cover up an infected pulp, and not only that but primarily we may operation that

y.eport

It)

produce an

Oral Prophylactic Association.

irritation at the gingival

may invohe

infection that

and

the apices

Canadian

the

of

and secondly,

periodental tissue,

all the

Very

of the body.

margin and by that

irritation start

an

not only the tissues around the tooth but involNe

frequently

have

I

all

the tissue parts

me

slides referred to

such as these,

ilthough these were taken from Dr. Black's book, where particularly the

Here we have

medical profession are not interpreting the slides correctly.

which

abscess for example,

dental

not a dental

is

a

but a nerve

abscess,

foramin.

This

slide

put

is

show you

in to

and shade.

to get the proper light

for example,

we

the rays at right angles to the long axis

and

root,

if

we make

have a shortening of the tooth.

rays

is

at right angles to a plane

and

we have

the angle of

will get a lengthening of the

him we

the angle of the ray at right angles to the

will

the tooth

X-ray tube

the proper position of the If,

The

which

proper position or angle of the

halfway between the long

is

shown

the plane of the film as

axis of

in the lo\ver picture,

which

always give you the shadow of the tooth the same length as the tooth

will

itself.

This

serious

systemic

these cases

slide

shows the type of dental

lesions that

without local disturbance,

infections

may produce for

very

practically

all

were not giving local disturbance, and yet they were giving

Here

serious systematic disturbance. fistula into the

types the blind abscess

is

by

\\e

have the typical abscess with a

Here we have

hard palate.

far the

a blind abscess, and of all the

most dangerous and serious because

it

produces a type of infection that does not make a local disturbance usually, but does produce serious systemic disturbance. If

we had

time

I

would

of organisms in a healthy

we

like to

emphasize the difference

mouth and an unhealthy mouth.

take the amount of debris from a decaying tooth that

in a

If for

number example

would be

repre-

sented by a milligram, an amount that you could carry on the head of a pin

and count the organisms

almost,

10,000.000

to

quantity, a thing

250.000,000

we have

not

in

or

you would have

it

all

the

way from

500.000,000 organisms in that small of, and when you realize that that*

dreamed

milligram of material would only be a fraction of the total amount

mouth we

get

with

Then

us.

an idea of the amount of infection if

we note the different we will readily see

of infection in each

we

in the

are carrying around

types of mouths and the amount

immune mouth with 0,000.000 and a dirty mouth with primary caries with 500.000,000 organisms we have the answer almost immediately for the decay, the numthat an

1

ber of organisms being almost in proportion to the decay, and

I

have here

time to go into study of the pathological aspects,

we would

a slide with the columns illustrating If

we had

find this gingival notch to

may have

so slight

which

I

this.

am

an infection that the

yet the blood vessels as

pointing on the outside of the tooth

gum

is

only slightly reddened, and

shown bv Dr. Hartzell

will

come

to within three

Canadian

Report of the

Oral Prophylactic Association.

and

or four or five microns of ihe surface,

ing in that area

and when you consider that when you realize they have directly into the veins

you

a micron to

go

to be.

it

microns of distance,

five

25,000th part of an

the

than

1

The human body

do you suppose we have?

Now, what

surgeon or physician would allow

moment with

that

much

and yet we pay no

to

have

co\ ered

it

abscessing area or pyorrhea pocket one-

how many

square

Four square

inches.

eighth of an inch deep around each tooth in the head inches of abscessing area

not to have

any one of us had an abscess area as large as

If

we have an

if

is

to get

a sealed envelope as

is

a penny on our hand our physician \vould be very careful or protected, but

it

and

inch,

,000th part of an inch

what importance

get an idea of

the seal broken at that point.

nature intends

is

less

do grow-

the germs have to

all

through that four or

to travel

is

17

patient to go for one

his

suppurating surface from which infection can come,

attention to

it

because

it

and the organisms pass through

Now,

mouth.

in the

is

by means of

part of infection seems to enter the system

the large

the blood stream,

these large blood vessels into the smaller

ones and finally overcome the capillaries, and the blood has the property of causing a coagulation so to speak,

and

bacteria,

end

little

that

arteries,

clumping makes

and you

We

to the later pictures.

of

the

presume no work of

of Dr. E. C.

He

when we come

have some very

interesting cases of this blocking

shown of stomach

and

infection

68

decade

when he has taken

and inocculated in

this

is

so valuable

and

Rosenow, formerly of Chicago, but now of

has shown

would

block up these

possible for

skin

and so on.)

infection I

clumping of the

or

them

will see that process taking place

(Pictures were

arteries.

groupmg

a

to

it

it

the

Mayo

germ from an appendix produced

into animals that the lesions

per cent, of the cases

significant as that

the

Institute.

for

example

that

animal

be the appendix of the animal.

That

in

The

means

that organisms

strain

taken from the appendix selected the appendix in the animals, where

if

the organism

have a

specific selective action for certain tissues.

was taken from

streptococcal cultures from other sources

than the appendix, only 5 per cent, had infections of the appendix.

same way with the stomach

when

was taken from

it

the

taken from miscellaneous infections, and the

and

same way. I

What

does that mean?

have an infection

in

seems

it

He

our mouth that

is

so definite

and aggravated a form

somebody

else takes

it

of

seems

this,

to

if

off that drinking

we

it

on through

means

this,

if

in

you

selecting out our liver or our ulcer, that

place

it

germ may have

on a drinking cup and

cup we may possibly transfer to

an infection of gall stones, an infection of peptic ulcer, or some

other infection of the body. ties

that

to follow

suggests

appendix or our stomach and producing stomach

that person

the

It is

65 per cent, had infection of the stomach stomach, and only 20 per cent, when it was

ulcer,

That seems almost

too far to take the possibili-

and yet who knows but that may be

be suggested to us

is

that

we must be

true.

The

thing that

exceedingly careful to keep

Report of the Canadian

18

Oral Prophylactic Associuiion.

cur mouths just as clean as possible and prevent the possibility of carrjring it

Dr. Rosenow has done probably the most important work that

to others.

has ever been done with respect to mutations of organisms, and in

we

slide

Some

see illustrations of his work.

lenged

his

change

it

and here we have an

Now,

unlikely to occur except in rare cases.

mouth

to see

whether or not he

is

Mutations are

men

the medical

suffering

to

That means

illustration.

they are simply expressions of the same organism.

patient's

and asked him

a strain of pneumococcus

work and gave him to streptococcus,

this

of the bacteriologists chal-

ver>'

look in the

from a lead poisoning

or mercury poisoning or phosphorus poisoning, simply because the most

body

susceptible tissue of the entire

and

teeth,

that

susceptibility

was put

is

shown

is

is

the tissue surrounding the

pyorrhea

That

so prevalent.

is

where some devitalizing paste

dog and with every precaution

in sealing

cement and amalgam over the cement, yet the

it

result

that passed through the apex or through the wall

amount of paste

and came back

of the root

why

so clearly in this case

into the tooth of this

into the tooth, using the

of the

to poisons

probably the reason

to the gingival

border was enough not only to

destroy the gingival border around those teeth in three days but to produce the tongue

necrotic area on each side of

this

show us some of

next slide will

so large a subject

we

is

we

men

of the medical profession

The

the lesions at the apices of the root, but

have time

will not

that

that

showing the

of the dog,

tissue to the Irritation of that drug.

tremendous susceptibility of that

dwell on

to

it

except to say

of the dental profession should hesitate to use these things as the

and

the surgeons hesitate to use bichlorid*

A

of mercury in the abdominal cavity.

few years before that he used

a

rather strong solution of carbolic acid, but he does not use the strong solution of bichloride to-day, for

the tissues,

kill

We

way.

nature's

kills

dental surgeons as a profession are

is

in the peridental tissue a

from the gingival border

to the

network of

apex of the

seems to be a very important factor

root,

in the

the germs will to

keep out of

putting things

tissues.

running

cells

and

is still

dozen times too strong for the health of those

into roots a

TTiere

he has found out that what

and he has found the thing he must do

all the

way

that chain or network

development of pyorrhea, for

pyorrhea does not develop from a point around the tooth but develops continuously

and progressively towards

never been solved, but

network of eplphelial network

is

related

it

the apex of the root.

Why

this is so

has been suggested partly by the finding of

cells

by Dr. Black, that

to pyorrhea.

We

have

has this

it

will

be sho^vn that that

in

the

mouth an organism

that has caused a great deal of speculation in the last year or two, the

ameba, but we do not believe

We food as

believe is

it

is

the breaking

I said,

that

it

is

important as being a factor in pyorrhea.

probably there because there

it is

down lymphocytes and

to

blame

for pyorrhea.

is

lots

of food for

leukocytes.

We

it,

do not

which

believe.

Oral Prophylactic Association.

19

young lady who has had a very sudden

loss of

Report of the Canadian

Here

the picture of a

is

her immunity.

were very put

The

Suddenly her teeth are decaying very rapidly.

We

sensitive.

teeth

and

have taken the debris from one of the cavities

and you

will note

it is

almost a pure culture.

on the microscopic slide, organisms then show a culture from that same patient's mouth showing

it

We

different from other parts of the mouth, and you W\\\ notice an entirely blamed been has that type and variety. On this slide we have an organism capable is that pyorrhea and of being able to carry bacteria into tissue

for

You

of infection.

will note

how

slowly

it

(Shows various kinds

moves.

of organisms.)

The

next picture will

these organisms

show you

which were taken from

We

inoccua blood system of a patient suffering from pyorrhea infection. produced in the blood lated a frog with a quantity of that organism, and it vessels of the frog the formations that

spoke

I

You

of.

will see,

first,

the

We

cut a hole through the frog's rhythmic motion of the lung of the frog. the anterior chest wall, through hole another then and speak, back, so to

and

let

and we got

hole in the front,

this

blood stream as

will notice the

and the

media carrying cause what

this

stirred

is

it

two minims of a

streptococci, or

our bodies

any other invasion of

arteries

the small

when we have an

The

infection.

and the formation of a

up

You

clot.

effect

is

to

end

invasion of

a blockmg of

will see the bacteria

block up and block up, and then the pressure behind will break it

was

the effect on the frog's blood

organism, and

in

first,

You

rushes through the veins and the arteries

injected into the circulation

happens to us

it

have,

with the heart beat.

you might call clumps of bacteria blocking

arteries, just as

end

We

capillaries.

it

We

view of the circulation.

the rhythmic motion of the lung as

the

and come out through the

the light go through the hole in the back

up and

it

rushes away.

There was a time when you and like

these organisms

some of

characteristics in to us.

Keep

servations

in

common, mind

we have

three things

by inference

:

How

teria differ,

and

in

what

;

sole organism, very

We

seen on the screen.

much

had many

a matter of fact, they are very close cousins

so, as

bacteria develop in an abscess

were one

I

now,

for

we

will

have

to

make

these ob-

new

strams of

do mutations occur by which second,

how do

respects are they

these various forms of bac-

like ourselves,

for. as

a matter

and at was a time when each of lookbeen have we that time we were very, very much like these organisms determine that conditions the ing at. as you will see. and, thirdly, what are The first of the pictures will show of those organisms > us was a

of fact, there

single

germ

cell,

the development

you the

fertilizing process of certain

in chemistry that

is

so rapid

know of no operation and when you realize that

forms of egg.

and so spectacular,

I

practically all those processes are purely mechanical,

a process of physical chemistry.

We

will

it

is

wonderful.

It is

see how these bacteria produce

Report of the

20

ihe lesions they

Oral Prophylaefie Association.

Cuiuidiaii

do and

select the tissues they

do

-

any conscious

\sithout

effort

and without any influence except purely a matter of chemistry and physics.

The

show

film will

first

deposit their

organisms

the fertilizing process of a form of sea

See

water, and they behave almost like bacteria.

male atoms rush that gets in cal action

to that

on

this

membrane which

This chemical process

As

of a second.

ently into four,

did not

is

and you

has had carried into

life

miners of resistance, and as

it

and rapidly modified,

that

are principally just

of development, and that

is

it

difficult to

Here

eight.

that process

has been carried into

Now,

the thing

may

I

an egg that

is

means

that this nucleus

has been subject to

it,

it

want

to

emphasize

suffering

there

the determiner of the resistance of the body.

when

the

membrane

may throw some

forming

is

in the early stages

on \vhy some people are

light

I said, in

first

germ

You

a few seconds and its

will notice

and

enters,

It is

not

the addition of very small

and very many people are susceptible

was under

that

a physical

is

rapidity.

to disease be-

cause at the time they were being fertilized as embryonic forms of

was

is,

take place, put there rapidly

modify that development process by

of the parents, or both,

pres-

mass of germs that have been attracted

hardly conceive of, because of

quantities of chemicals,

in.

the determiners of character and the deter-

chemical process takes place, as

we can

and

di\ides into two,

it

these eggs separate or part as soon as the

operation that

one

first

produces a chemi-

subject to typhoid or inflammatory rheumatism, and so on.

how

little

takes place in a very small fraction

one condition under which an influence

Those

does so

it

fertilized,

Now,

it

it

modification of environment. is

is

see the

purely by chemical attraction. of

as

the

in

quickly these

prevents any other germ from getting

so rapid that

soon as the egg

and

and then we have formations of

fertilize,

how

egg purely by a chemical process, and the

the only one that gets in,

is

These

life.

eggs into the water and they are fertilized

life

one

the influence of alcohol, or the mother

from the retention of some systemic poison

—

acid particularly,

probably, and you will see some pictures of what Avas caused by the addition of

a very small portion of alcohol, and

monstrosities, in

some

some with only one eye or with

cases, serious

beat in this embryonic form of

life.

on account of being treated when

that

Many

it

is

capable of making

head deformities and nervous deformities.

deformities are produced in guinea pigs.

of alcohol.

how

the eyes too close together, or,

it

Here

In this case is

you can

The same

see the heart

one showing a head deformity

was an egg with

a very small percentage

people have their resistance lowered because of influences

have come into

their lives at the time that the determiners

transferred through this

very sensitive stage.

were being

In contrast to that, you see

here a few cells of tissue taken from a frog's throat, which would be identical to those taken

mouths, and

if

from the human

we

throat.

Here

cut the head off entirely

is

a specimen

and cut

it

up

showing two

in sections,

they

Report of the

will

ing

you

Canadian

Oral Prophylactic Association.

respond tp food just exactly as it

is

if

will notice

it

has a sucking bottle.

Here we have

Here

fastened together.

is

Here we have

In conclusion,

I

want

wanted

When I

to,

the current

is

Academy

can see him drink-

we added

a

little

was developing.

couldn't go in any other direction

whichever direction the current

in

for

is

if

they

changed.

oscillate.

your most splendid attention.

the close of Dr. Price's address,

behalf of the

You

changed too quickly, they simply

much

show-

show you how mechanical they are when un-

They

and they turn

thank you very

At

to

it

there,

young squid, and

a pair of twins with their backs

a monstrosity simply because

alcohol to the sea water in which

der an electric current.

a

Nature gives some of these organ-

isms a quantity of food to sustain them for a time. ing out of his sucking bottle.

body were

the rest of the

an entirely mechanical process.

21

(Applause.)

H. B. Anderson, M.D., CM., on moved a vote of

of Medicine and the audience,

thanks to the speaker for his excellent address and extraordinary illustrations. F. Arnold Clarkson, motion.

M.B.,

in

a clever and witty speech, seconded the

Report

22

Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.

the

of

Address

President's A.

McDoNAGH,

J.

Read before Annual Meeting-

D.D.S., L.D.S., Toronto, Ont. Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association,

of

January,

Gentlemen, history of the

our

in

world; the events which have taken place effect

the year just

in

on every phase of human

society unfortunately

little

society,

have been hampered

and

have not escaped the far-reaching

from the world's greatest and most sanguinary

influences resulting

We

1916.

year has gone around, a momentous year in the

had a wonderful

past have

we

—Another

struggle.

more ways than one, and we have been

in

deprived of the active co-operation of several of our best members.

(now Capt.) Gow, Capt. Mallory and Capt.

Hume

Doctors

have taken up the

cause of their country, sacrificing themselves and their practice, and are

now

helping the poor soldiers

them

all

work of

ful participants in the

we have

In the last year J.

who

we were

also Dr. Minns,

The

loss of friends I

by death

who was

just recently a

member

of our Association.

at all.

;

in

fact,

for a time

we had

Committee, which would act

in

conjunction with the Executive.

formation necessary and the contracts

all

ready to

we were

lost

some of

Army their

That the in-

when we

fruits

of their

confronted with the unfortunate condition that

not get enough goods to supply the demand.

got contracts from the

all

but just

sign,

were on the point of signing the contracts and putting the labors to the test

doing

difficulty in

Last year you were good enough to elect an Adver-

committee formulated an excellent scheme of advertising, got

course,

Dr.

said in the beginning, business conditions in the last year have

any business

we could

—

was a and Dr. Doherty, whose

inception,

its

friends

of our College,

such as these can never be repaired.

been very much disturbed

tising

Dean

fortunate to have with us at our last annual meeting,

and

As

good

also lost three

from

of the Association

friend

wish

and be again happy, health-

this Society.

B. Willmott, the respected and worthy

presence

We

are fighting at Salonika.

success and hope they will soon return

Kent

&

Son, having

supply brushes to them, and having, of

to

employees, have not been able to supply us

with our brushes.

Lyman

Bros, reported to us that, although they

gross of tubes on order in the

put up

Hutax

Paste,

that time

more business was out of

we came

Greatrix,

who

who was

willing to promote the

is

had seven hundred

they could not get one to

and consequently we could not

that advertising to create

Just about

Old Country,

in

get

the

paste,

so

the question.

contact with

a

gentleman, Mr.

with us here to-night, whose services were available and

the business for us.

good of our

Through Mr.

enterprise

and

to

Greatrix' efforts principally,

manage

we have

Report of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.

been able

induce

to

Lyman

from the United States

we have

him, also,

Bros,

to

a sufficient quantity of tubes

get

supply the immediate demand,

to

23

and through

Dupont

given a supplementary order to the

people,

of France, for one hundred gross of brushes, to be delivered as soon as possible; however, that will take time; in fact,

will

it

be some time yet

before the supply of our goods will be normal.

Notwithstanding

drawbacks and

all these

the

many

which have

factors

militated against our progress during the past year, the sale of our brushes

has increased by the substantial total of one hundred and thirteen gross, that of our paste

and powder,

forty gross.

In our Financial Secretary's report you will find there

which could not be put

out,

straightened up

by

the time of the annual report,

we donated powder and

time,

tions in the city,

than that, as

Our Educational Committee working under

we

left

and

that

is,

at

Christmas

of last year

and year before Dr.

work and has been

able to do a good deal of the

$175.00

—

the cost

got them at wholesale prices.

but our Secretary,

difficulties,

one item

paste to about seventeen charitable institu-

of a retail value of something over

to us, of course, being less

is

because the account for that item was not

in

last

has been

Broughton, has been able to assist the

Edu-

The committee has been handicapped this year beDr. Hume, who was a member, had to go to the military camp,

cational Committee.

cause

and Dr. Grieve,

the Secretary of the

Dr. Hume's work

at the

the affliction of his wife dying,

burden

laid

upon

Committee, was forced

to take

up

College; besides, unfortunately. Dr. Grieve had

and through

also,

that,

an extraordinary

his shoulders.

This coming year your Executive hopes that the Educational Com-

which you

mittee

will

appoint will undertake and do a great deal of the

work which has devolved upon

we hope

fact,

mittee that they meet at the

money

a permanent

as

spectfully request that

up

to

made by

same time and with

has been suggested that

It

the Executive

to carry out the suggestion

the present time;

the Educational

the Executive.

Association provide a certain sum of

this

endowment

for research,

and your Executive

you express an opinion on that subject

The Educational Committee

will

in

Com-

report

the

re-

this evening.

work done throughout

the

Dominion. I

want

to

thank the members of the Society for their loyal support

who

want,

also,

thank the members of the other committees and the auditors for

their

and particularly

have, as usual, thought no to

in

the Executive Committee,

the past,

services to the Association.

the

members of

work of

the Society a burden.

I

Report of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.

24

Secretary-Treasurer s Report The annual

meeting of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association was

held JcUiuary 20th, 1916, at the

Walker House, Toronto.

programme arranged

fact that the

Owing

for our annual meeting

—

to the

a lecture by

Dr, Weston A. Price, on Blood Circulation, illustrated by Moving Pictures

—would be

of special interest to all the profession,

was decided

it

go on with the business part of the meeting, the reception of reports, adjourn the

Monday, February

to

members

14th, for the

programme and

Toronto and

of the Dental Profession of

to

etc.,

to invite all

vicinity to hear

Dr.

Price's lecture.

President's Report presented

by Dr. A.

J.

McDonagh.

Educational Committee's Report presented by Dr. Geo.

A.

Financial Report presented by Dr.

J.

W.

Grieve.

Broughton.

$2,699. 7

Receipts

1

Expenditures

Donations

—

Charity and Educational

646.29

$

to:

Canadian Dental Association

the

for

Army

Com-

Service

$ 06.28

mittee

1

50.00

Sick Children's Hospital

Army

Dental Fund of the

C.D.A

100.00

Sunnyside Orphanage

3.48

$36.06 25.38

Toronto University Hospital Corps

McGill Hospital Corps

Army

Service Corps

52.35

113.79 Lantern

slides

1

Exhibit at

O.D.A.

32.64

convention

Prinring

1

Expenditures of operating

1

Balance for 1916

56.30

,225.02

2,453.97 3,943.47

Assets

Total gain over preceding year

Total gain over preceding year

3.80

70.00

Oral hygiene charts

in revenue,

in tooth

Total gain over preceding year

in

$385.55.

brush

paste

sales,

1

and powder

1

3

gross.

sales,

40

gross.