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English Pages 30 [24] Year 2023
The Pathology
of
Dental Infections and Its Relation to General Diseases WESTON
A. PRICE, D.D.S., CLEVELAND, OHIO
D.Sc.
Director ot the Research Institute of the National
Dental Association
Annual Meeting Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association
INDEX of the Association
Aims and Objects
The
.
.
2
Pathology of Dental Infections and Its
Relation to General Diseases
3
22
President's Address
Secretary-Treasurer's Report
TORONTO 1916
.
.
.
•
r
.24
Aims and Objects of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association the year
1
INcommunicate
905
a committee of dentists of Toronto
was formed
to
with the manufacturers of the tooth preparations then on
the market to ascertain the composition of each, because they believed that a dentist should not
know
recommend any preparation
of which he did not
the ingredients.
Finding there was no satisfaction
to
be obtained
the formulae of these preparations, arrangements
in this direction as to
were made
to
have them
chemically analyzed, thus ascertaining that in most of the samples were ingredients
which should not
The Canadian Oral
exist
in
an ideal mouth preparation.
Prophylactic Association was then organized
to
have manufactured preparations which should contain nothing which was not beneficial.
After much consideration and consultation a paste was manufactured under the registered name "Hutax"
powder was placed on These
the market,
(meaning mouth health).
and
Later a
a tooth brush.
last
articles are the result of frequent consultations
with
many of the Canada
leading practitioners, not only in Toronto, but of the Dominion of
and
the
The
United
States.
shareholders of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association origin-
ally subscribed
$5.00 each
for "the
good of
the cause,"
and
the charter of
incorporation provides that the profits are to be expended for educational
and philanthropic purposes, such
as
(a)
bringing prominently before the
public important information, which the dentist has, as to the influence of conditions of the the poor,
mouth on
the general health.
(b) Care of the teeth of
(c) Assisting the indigent in the profession of dentistry.
Thus
no director or shareholder receives directly or indirectly any dividends or other
remuneration.
Every
dentist
may recommend "Hutax"
consciousness that there will
is
preparations with a confident
nothing better on the market, and that the profits
be utilized for the good of the profession and of humanity.
The Pathology and
Its
Weston A.
Dental Infections Relation to General Diseases of
Price. D.D.S., D.Sc. Cleveland. Ohio.
Delivered before the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association and their guests, the Academy of Medicine, Toronto, February 14, 1916.
Mr. sense of
President,
my
—
I
want
you
to assure
inability to-night to
up
live
that
I
to the
come with
hope that has been thrown out by Dr. McDonagh.
man
unfair handicap to put upon a
which of It
men
all
certainly cannot live
I
think
I
mingled feeling of joy that
am
I
is
it
make such extravagant
to
up
a very
statements
to.
however, a very great pleasure to be here, and
is,
a very deep
standard and desire and
come back
privileged to
I
to
come with
a
Toronto and
be with you again, and feelings of helplessness akin almost to discourage-
ment when
to
meet
realize the responsibility that
I
and the
to-day,
profession
that
utter
and had
as
of
That splendid
surgeon reviewed to us
in detail
the
He
we had
evening
Institute of the
orator
profession
dental
the
this
one of our speakers Dr.
Rochester, Minnesota.
relates to the healing arts.
being thrust upon the dental
One week ago
responsibility.
Cleveland the opening of the Research Association,
is
inadequacy
Mayo,
Charles
development of modern science as
great scourges, the great besoms of death,
by medical
science,
and then
it
reminded us of the splendid contributions
decades and reminded us
to the present
of
and magnificent physician and
of the Chinese, of those great contributions of the Greeks, and finally
down
in
National Dental
how one
came
after another the
had been taken from
as his climax, said the great
the earth
mass of people
to-day would not die of one of those plagues, they would die of a simple infection, that
90
out of every
I
00 probably would
die because of
simple infection, the result of a focal infection, which focus give
them no
trouble.
He
then referred to the fact that
lesions, of the focal infections,
the collar
and
which would include
are above the collar,
and then accepted
some
would
per cent, of the
and of those above
the tonsils, the antrum, the nasal passages
sinuses, that for the largest part
fections,
90
itself
come from
dental infections, oral in-
the challenge of the dental profession that they
are going to take that responsibility.
Are you
going to do
it,
brothers?
universities
and
the dental colleges of the country, with the editors of our best journals,
and
Recently
I
have been corresponding with the deans of the
advertising in our dental journals to find
even one-half dozen,
men who
if
we
cannot get one dozen, or
are competent to go into the department of
Report
4
Canadian
the
of
Ural Prophylactic Association.
mouth
research to determine the relation of
How
tions.
you know.
we
infections
cannot pry them loose from where they are, but
men
haven't
mouth
month
last
that
demanded
is
now
right
now in order to own sakes, but for
Mayo
Dr.
vice versa.
moment we should have
that at this
look after the interests of humanity.
for their
the State's sake.
dear brothers
this
wheel.
We
in the profession,
also said to
we have
What
Not
does that mean?
only
Well,
means we must put our shoulders
it
mouth
to
me
infections to systemic infections.
on that occasion, as he did
in
Boston some weeks ago,
we
learned as a medical profession doing research as
problems cannot be solved by medical men
institution, that these
men with
be solved by
said
have a great responsibility as a dental profession, namely,
to help interpret the relation of these
He
we
four dentists to every one
that exists
my
is
even do one per
to
in interpreting the relation of
and
infections to systemic infections,
tragedy
alas, the
world to-day; we haven't enough
in the
work
cent, of the
systemic infec-
to
many do you suppose we could find? I am ashamed to let There are a few good men who are doing research work, but
Where
a dental vision.
are the
are in our ;
men with
they must the dental
vision ?
Unfortunately, is all
they have got.
men
that are
sees,
and
men we the
when we try to pick out the men with dental vision^ that Oh, the men with the medical and dental vision are the
wanted
need.
man who
the
many
me
"There
said:
place to store
to
store
joke
to a
We
hospital.
this
in
teeth
the
extracted in this hospital are tion that the
and helped, because
and then we came
room, and
have
got
to
As a matter of fact we are exteeth in this institution we have really got to get a new them." I said to him, "What proportion of the teeth that are
new room tracting so many
get a
and one of
since,
through one ward after another and
infections,
great
a
is
the physician
all
these seeing both at once are the
cases that were being treated
mouth
they had treated the
—
Chicago not long
visited a hospital in
I
big enough to see
is
the dentist sees
leading bacteriologists took
showed me he
the
;
what
also see
in
in.
your judgment related
to the other infec-
He
removal of the teeth did cure or did relieve?"
said, "I
many times, and I have thought that three The average number of teeth extracted in that
have thought of that
or four
out of a dozen."
hospital
under the direction of the medical men, he his
We
ever should have been extracted.
am I
said,
was about
twelve,
and
in
judgment as a bacteriologist not more than three or four of the twelve
glad
don't
it
so,
to
that every
Now,
practice
feelings of the medical
be removed, and that
is
if
are honored,
understand, and
I
have a number of the medical men with us
know what your
where the
demand
is
is
here, but
tooth that has a it
isn't
I
do know
men sometimes dead pulp
giving trouble
it
may
that
I
go
I
to-night. to cities
are so extreme as to even is
a
menace and should
give trouble.
almost as extreme as a physician as perhaps are 70 per
cent, of the dental profession,
who
rather
plume themselves and
say.
"Well.
Report of the
perhaps so and so
on that will be
Canadian
Oral
Prophylactic
Associatioi
not competent to save
is
all right."
I
this root, but I can put a bridge say the dental profession are taking the other
extreme and are saying, or thinking, and are allowing themselves, perhaps, to be misled or else they have not informed themselves of the danger
—
and they are going
much
as
know
I
I
am
lives
of patients.
some of the work
have put bridges on
I
of those patients.
lives
standing here, that a
helped to shorten the not done that
ahead and putting dental work on
right
already shortening the
that
I
I
lot
my
of
would
just as
dental operations have
give a great deal
have been doing.
if
had
I
believe absolutely
I
already had an infection, and that
to teeth that
were undermining the health of those
teeth that are
and know,
believe
I
and
patients,
did not suspect
I
it.
I
have had the privilege of undoing some of that work, and if God will spare me I hope to undo quite a lot more of it. To show you that I have not been a gold crown advocate I may say I have never put a gold crown in any person's mouth forward of the second bicuspid. So you see I have not been a slave to the gold crown habit. I have refrained from devitalizing pulps
where
have
I
felt
was
could accomplish the result
I
so skilful that
deep pyorrhea pockets beside them.
thought
I
patient ^vas wonderfully fortunate to be in
would have been
that they
unknown
to the
my
some other way, but
who
I
was
more frequently than
say, is
"That
is
just as far
when we can
what
^vith his
I
know
ness,
conservatism was satisfied to but would use the
Well, some medical people
which
distinguish the type is
Now, which
not.
of none that
is
the patient
The is,
is
will
That
a dangerous type of infection
the greatest tragedy
is
of research during
so significant
the abscess.
mouth of
very well
expected, and that tooth should be extracted."
I
in this entire field
as
would.
know
I
from the mark as the other statement, for the time has come
from one which veloped
I
so skilful that the
hands, but
practice a great deal less scientific dentistry perhaps
forceps
I
had
teeth that
to
hands of some man entirely
better off in the
community, but
in
could attach bridges
I
this last
which has de-
two or
three years?
and so appalling, because of
dental abscess that
its
causing trouble
is
subtlein
the
as a rule, not the one that will be causing arthritis
or myelitis, or a heart affection, not nearly so as that type of dental abscess that produces
that
we have
no local trouble.
Let
me
exception to the fact that the lesions which ing the patient's condition
were giving no
type of infection answers the question.
dozen cases
the last
we
relieved
local trouble.
What do
I
and treated impro\-
Why? The
mean by
Here we have a rapidly developing abscess with a
infection?
of inflammation
and pus formation.
we have
a
ancillary contaminations with
it.
tococcus
Of
repeat:
studied and treated for arthritis there has not been a single
infection;
We
stercoremia
great deal
have not got a simple infection,
But when we have
infection
of the type that produces lesions that
variably,
if
I
strep-
some of
with
very
the type of
the
a pure streptococcal
referred
to,
not invariably, they give the patient no trouble.
almost
Now,
in-
this
Report of the Canadian
6
seems
a contradiction, but
like
—
body
if
was worse
it
what does
in
build up a resistance,
Because
But when
our bodies.
irritated
it
our united body, drives
politic,
out.
it
Why?
and we destroy the organism.
say,
I
a chemical substance that reacts
created,
is
and the body
against that organism,
We
would be better. That seems like a strange mean? If an organism growing in your body the body and brings forward the resisting powers
it
body a new element
of the
w^ould be a great deal better for the
it
that
up some trouble
starts
produced a very much more
that organism
human body
severe reaction in the
thing, but
if
Oral Prophylactic Association.
grows within our bodies
it
without producing an irritation the body does not react, and therefore there is
no anti-body built up to destroy
and the body
is
it,
almost indifferent to
and consequently
its
the organism the
more subtle
like the arthrities.
dency to
it
produce those
to
go
down
and we
What would
a matter of fact
assume you are
be the difference
you would
would be
It
will
and an ant
I
found
my Now,
splendidly.
of horn.
You
Why?
You
would not take
The
theirs,
is
bill
have a digestive ap-
we had
this
evening,
He
that.
would
select
select a piece
could not digest the horn, and you could not digest the
point
I
am
life
would
that
select the
trying to emphasize
ence between you and every other form of for example,
into
As What would
and another of the organisms would
bark, so those various forms of
could digest.
human go
apparatus inside could dissolve that chicken
the porcupine
a nice piece of bark,
all
meal you would order?
order nearly the same thing.
all
largely protein.
digestive
—you
going to order from the
all
in the
it is
some reason
will see
several other species besides the
paratus that would digest a nice piece of chicken, like
and
less ten-
to-morrow morning, and
to a restaurant
us say a porcupine, a grasshopper
let
the restaurant,
be?
the virulence of
producing these grave lesions
Now, we
lesions like the arthrities.
we were
If
—
of fare.
in
lower the virulence of the organism the
you would take along with you
species
it
seems to be
has to produce a reaction on the body, and the more certain
for that. if
The
it
another strange
is
The lower
but rather important apparent contradiction.
on and on
lives
it
Here
presence.
life,
your digestive apparatus
and yours changes and
theirs
is
very thing that they that the only differ-
including those streptococci, just
is
a
little
They have
changes.
of living on certain tissues of your body, and your
body has
different to
the property the
power of
taking in food, and can select certain of those products for different organs
You
does that chicken become part of your muscle tissue? different kinds of digestion,
two kinds of
and
and the micro-organism has
also.
have two
You
have
digestive fluids, one in the stomach, another in the arteries
veins, in the
blood stream, a digestive circulation, and the protein you
take into your body, as, for example, the piece of chicken,
does not go into the body as a whole protein;
an axe and
How-
Let us assume you have taken your piece of chicken.
of the body.
split
up the wood
into fibres,
it
is
is split
up.
It
divided up as you take
and .afterwards
it
goes into that
Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.
Report of the
Then each
other circulation.
is
body and one
that
it
inside
its
body.
All
and
digestive fluid,
wants, just as your body, which
and each streptococcus has one
a multiple of cells,
its
body has
of your
cell
pabulum
these take the particular
7
digestive fluid outside
do
things must
liviiig
three things;
they must eat, they must assimilate, and they must excrete, and you and the 'pabulum are precisely alike, as
we go
When
you take
we
from
will see
different viewpoints
your body some protein which gets into your circulation, which has not been properly split up in your stomach, as
along.
Why,
what happens?
into
immediately the chemistry of your body
forward and you build up a new enzime, a new chemistry,
and the thing
digest that very thing;
ample, you have
we
got,
that happens
this:
is
is
called
to dissolve or
for ex-
If,
an overdose, you have overeaten,
will say,
in
other words, bananas or eggs or milk, or any kind of food, in so large
some of
quantities that
that protein gets from your stomach through into
the circulation without having been properly split up, the blood immedi-
up and
ately produces a chemistry that splits
gone through, and ever after that the thing
that has poisoned you, immediately that chemistry
is
up that
splits
poison,
and
that poison
that poison
but
making you
ready and
is
your blood
in
sick,
is
part
and you can't
get typhoid fever, for example, the organism
You
what happens.
precisely
is
You
sick.
in
not until your
is
it
up
react
up those organisms, part of which are poison, and
splits
makes you
with those organisms
mean?
you
is
split
your blood has called forth the new chemistry which
in
down and
tears
when
the thing that
is
When
that protein
your body, and that
in
organism
that
and
protein,
eat those things.
grows
digests that protein that has
you eat eggs or bananas, or whatever
if
down
are walking up and
the country
your body; they are incubating in your system,
body
reacts that
when
Simply the time comes
you are
this
What
sick.
chemistry
is
does that
so perfectly de-
veloped that immediately the new organisms come into the body the defensive forces rush to the rescue
and produce a large amount of
this
chemistry and
destroy that organism.
Now
then,
what happens when
ample, get into your blood system?
the bacteria of your mouth, for ex-
They do
body has not been
sequently a resistance of the
not stop there, and con-
stimulated, but pretty soon
your body builds up that chemistry, and immediately sensitized to to
which
of you If
it
it,
is
know
you were
circulation
would
and day
but for those
is
—
if
—
just
you
it
does you are
reacting to that very thing
I
will call
it
an egg and
to
Many
your attention.
inject
it
into
your
ordinary white of egg which your stomach
the
inject
is
the significance of this?
not
to take a little of the white of
to-day
digest
Now, what who do
so sensitive. this,
day your body
after
into
it
would not do you much harm
;
it
your blood system circulation to-day
would be
in
it
there as a foreign substance,
but your body immediately builds up the chemistry to destroy that protein,
and
in ten or
twelve days
if
you put
a
little
bit
more white of egg
C\uuidian
Report of the
S
in
it
will
Why?
you.
kill
and even
egg,
Oral Prophylactic Association.
\ ou have been
so small a fraction of
dram
millionth part of a
\\ill
sensitized to that white of
any of the proteins as sometimes the
be enough to
body
sensitize the
when
so that
most
the subsequent dose of that gets into the blood system the reaction
is
violent on the part of the whole body, because
up
You
protein.
have seen
all
this illustrated, for
ently the strongest that dies with typhoid. to tear
down
so
many
so rapidly splits
it
is
it
"Why
is
man
the
that
is
that
appar-
Because he had
that?
of those organisms immediately that his reaction has
men that die of this disease, because There are of the poison is set free. much nature reacts so vicriently and so down our streets suffering and going up scores and scores of people that are been stimulated.
So
from a poison that
is
bacteriological
it
the strong
going into their body by absorption of protein from the
infection
the dental operators
is
of
their
mouths,
and they are
sensitized
to
it;
know what I speak of so well. You know that if we many of the teeth the same day they are violently sick.
undertake to scale too
remember one woman where I simply took care of about one-quarter of the removing the debris from the teeth, because in that operation we open up the circulation slightly and let in more of these toxine poisons, and I I
teeth,
"This is all we had better do to-day; let us stop now and you me to-morrow and let me know if you have had a reaction, and although that woman had walked to the office and walked away apsaid to her,
'
telephone
parently in her normal health, which
was much below
par, the next day,
even with the telephone within arm's length of her bed,
she reached to
get it to telephone me, as she had promised she would tell me how she pillow and said, felt, and she was so sick she threw herself back on the She was simply anyway." sick would be me I "What is the use? he told
—
reacting to the toxine, to the protein that
Now,
poison.
that
is
was being absorbed from
going on in a large degree
in so
many
bodies,
that
and
there are probably hundreds and thousands of us that are beginning to die at
40 and 50
years of age because
we
are over sensitized to those
mouth
protein poisons.
Now, \vill
I
will
not have time to go very far into that discussion, and
take the slides at this time and discuss
and because of
lesions,
like to limit
first
some of the
ground
the impossibility of covering the
myself very largely to streptococcus infection.
I
typical kinds of
The
I
should
first
slide
on will be one showing the Research Institute of the National Dental Association, a building that has been purchased for the dental profession of the United States, a building which contains some-
which
we
will put
thing like thirty rooms,
and
I
am
glad to say that within six weeks after
the call went out to the dental profession for assistance to
one-third of the entire cost of the property or pledges.
on
now
It
-is
in
buy
that building
our hands, either
also significant that these researches that
in
cash
have been going
and which have entailed an expense of some$75,000. 90 per cent, of that amount has come from the dental
for about three years,
thing like
was
Rtport of the Canadian
Oral Prophylactic Association.
This building which you see has
profession as voluntary contributions.
something splendid
30 rooms, and has another auditorium, and we have facilities
amount of research work.
we have
In this picture
and
He
had symptoms of
occasions there
to
about
1
tion of the patient
pulp
in the
dead pulp
had
his chin,
was
it
It
Our
tions that Ave get consecutively
roots,
gained 25 pounds
the in
The
canals
opened
to
into the right lat-
and studied the
it,
produce
mean corresponding
in
animals
to the infec-
with that type and strain of streptococcus.
time the
last
till
and thoroughly
cleansing,
twelve weeks, and went back to
lived in another city,
we man
no doubt but vvhat
morning
was an that the
examination with the radio-
We
I
156
two
other treatment than obliterating the area of infection at the
opening up
He
typical
both
from
in all probability
organism with our various methods, and were able
With no
On
so uncertain that
was not recognized
eral and removed some of the infection and inoculated
By
hospitals.
to the time of the presenta-
which
in a tooth.
the presence of the abscess.
the typical liver infections.
and
fallen off in weight
was dead.
adjoining lateral
gram showed
is
stomach disturbance of
to the hospital for operation.
He
he had a boil on
external fistula to a
ulcer, or
TAventy years pre\ ious
20.
inter-
sanitariums
in
^v'as
not to operate, because
were gall-stones present.
pounds
anybody who
mail.
and peptic
was taken
was decided
it
a
large
This patient was out of business for four that time
gall-stone
various kinds, and twice
rear with
the
at
taking care of a
a typical infection of a streptococcus type, pro-
two years of
for
for
will be glad to furnish
I
more detailed description by
ducing no general disturbance. years,
building
like
ested with a
9
and
called on
his business.
me
his physician has written
did remove
me
that he has
man's trouble.
entire cause of this
\.hp
gentleman
this
he said he worked from seven
eleven at night, and looked as stout and well as could be.
the
in
The
next slide shows the typical lesions in the animal, and the section of the liver
shows a typical focal
streptococcal infection.
blocked.
The
kidney of
an abscess, that
this
who
Institute,
is
which we get with
to note that the
this
blood vessel
strain is
of
entirely
animal shows a cloudy swelling, but \vithout
very characteristic of
is
have the picture of a young zell,
abscess,
want you
I
man who was
this
type of infection.
Here we
treated in the clinic of Dr. Hart-
one of our directors of research supported by the Research
and working
in the University of
Minnesota and
in the hospitals.
This man had not been without pain for nine months, and could not walk, could not feed himself, could not put on
At
dress himself.
the time this picture
was
his
own
taken, as
collar
you can
put his hands behind his back and up over his head.
shows us the
The
see,
he could
next picture
This man had been in the hospital and the treatments given him were doing him no good, and
lesion that \\as found.
for nine months,
he was turned over to
and could not
satisfactorily
find
to
our department.
relief
The
for the infection.
medical
The
men were
not able
area of absorption
is
Report of the Canadi-aii Oral Prophylactic Association.
10
shown around
The
the molar.
making of a vaccine
entirely
was dismissed from
of stairway in the
where
five
weeks before he couldn't put
woman had
his foot to the floor in the hospital,
suffered for three years.
suffered very great pain,
and month
after
the dental infection at the apices of
other treatment than the removal
We
very
much emaciated.
is
many
The
next picture
roots,
and with no
She was dismissed from the
family of several small children
no recurrence
We
had watched
Here
this patient getting
to the conclusion that
making of
the
In a few weeks this
hospital
who needed
twelve months.
in
and
the
much.
woman
on those knees that had not been straightened for
to stand erect
months.
some old
not emphasize the vaccines
believe they are helpful in certain cases.
was able
Hartzell's
notice the ankles
month they were placing on
of these roots
We do
was removed.
vaccine the trouble
and the vaccine
You
record "present treatments doing patient no good."
shows us
five
foot above the other,
the removal of the infection
are swollen, and the knees and the hands, and she
She
could then run up
Here we have another case from Dr.
this culture.
This
He
Donaldson building, one
and no other treatment than
made from
trouble, or sufficiently so that he
the hospital in six weeks.
flights
clinic.
removal of the dental infection and the
removed the
is
and went back
a case
worse for
my own
from
to her
She has had
her very much.
practice.
we came The next picture With very little other
fifteen
years and
some dental trouble was the cause.
shows us the area of infection around the bicuspid.
treatment than the treating and removing of that infection and the imperfectly filled
which
root
I
had
filled
which has done splendid
now
away
has thrown
my
being carried to
elevate her hands,
This picture shows a patient that
The woman
could hardly move her head or
walking around by midsummer
woman was
that
and now she can turn her head from that
mouth.
move
the chair, so rigid
side to side
failed to bring the slides
I
There were
five
abscesses
vertibrae,
and look over her shoulder,
showing the infections all
had
a
fistula.
fillings.
fistula
gave us a mixed infection.
is
am
had had
Only one
teeth except the one
Now, what
I
woman's
in that
at the apices of teeth that
Every one of those
think
her head half
fistula gave us a pure culture of the strains of streptococcus,
with the
I
improving.
were her
dental treatment, some with gold crowns and some with
of the five
is
from the treatment that has taken place since November.
is
sorry that
in weight.
at the rate she
put in the chair she could only
an inch without moving her position on
and
that her
now swing through feet. The pain is
gone and she has gained a number of pounds
will be
When
up
those joints that were so tied
quite a large arc, and^ very soon she will be on her
she
is
could not be flexed one-eighth of an inch will
joint
entirely
and
the imperfection,
but with no other treatment than treating the dental
woman's mouth
abscesses in that
knee
showed
her crutches.
office.
The radiogram that woman
some twenty years before.
service
and
v^rith
the
the
one
the significance
Report of the Canadian
Oral Prophyluctk Association.
That woman's
of the fact that those teeth did not give trouble?
had been examined had been coming on
gram
said
I
there
one with
the
hospital
months, and
teeth
condition
this
and they pronounced her mouth
in
looked into her mouth without the radio-
I
one
only
is
the
nine
for
for nine years,
and when
perfect condition,
was
the
in
11
tooth
indicating
and the tragedy
fistula,
an
abscess,
is,
as
and that that
repeat,
I
the very conditions that will give these grievous troubles seem to be in-
variably
which
those
no
produce
own methods
not trust our
local
trouble.
have here the case of a young man twenty years of age. been
bed
in
for five years with
an
His mother has
and he has been
arthritis,
siderably with arthritic infection of increasing severity.
note the anterior buccal roots were not
Our method
infection. is
to get the culture
the
we can
get the infection
tracting the tooth than five in that
by
by
we were
area
"apparently."
we may
—
I
I
that
we
wax
with
I
use
root
doubt
young man
if
I
we
I
think
entirely
we
that
I
sterilized the area
have ever been able
greatly reduce the infection
remove the
infection.
This
has a long rubber tube to
it
instru-
and has
copper tubing slipped into a glass tube and aspirate the small copper tube into the root of the tooth
locate the organisms in the root
by
aspiration,
Dr.
itself.
interested he will be pleased to assist
We
find
it
you
in
making one
we can whether
McDonagh
leave one of these instruments with him and
often see.
his
danger of having that
in
is
have ever
or cement, preferably with cement, and almost invariably
we can me to
we
and out of
say that with the emphasis on
I
by any medication
for aspirating,
by sealing
quested
than
safely without ex-
in this case,
get a culture of the infection in the root of the tooth
or not
now
get a pure culture, be-
did that
doubt very much whether
either glass tubing or into the tube
these cases
able to get the pure streptococcal culture of three
say thoroughly sterilized.
at the apex, but
ment
We
extracting.
believe that that
I
beyond the apex of a to use
all
more perfectly and
apparently entirely relieved.
infection recur.
to
notice the areas of
There was no extraction done and yet he has had
aspiration.
infection
suffering con-
want you
I
apex of the root without the extraction of the
tooth, before the extraction, in order that lieving that
You
filled.
of getting cultures practically in
from
we canThen we
means
It
without having radiograms taken.
if
re-
you are
a great deal better
a most indispensable instrument in connection
with the treatment and diagnosis of these conditions.
A
great
many
of the infections of the
had not suspected a few months slides illustrating that.
ing in our public schools losing her voice.
mouth
or years ago,
The one I am and who had
and
presenting to give
we now show you a few woman who is teach-
select out tissues that I
is
will
of a
up her profession on account of
There was no apparent cause, but with no other treatment
than the removal of an infected and impacted cuspid, and infection not the impaction, that stored.
The
it
was due
young woman had her voice
next slide shows the case of a young
woman, now
to the
entirely re-
not a very
Report of the
12
young woman, nearly I
lost
Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.
for she has lost her voice for something
She called me up on
it.
Hke twenty years, or
the long distance telephone the
came away, telephoning from another
show me
city, to
day before
that she could talk
now with her voice, the first time she had talked long distance for many years, and her husband says her voice is better now than any Another
fection of this type
is
important characteristic of a streptococcal
that the alveolar
recognize this condition
shown on
in-
bone does not recover normally as
Many
appears with other types of infection.
and you
time in
She had no other treatment than the removal of the
nearly twenty years. dental infections.
a great
of our dental
men
Here we have
this slide.
present will
a
first
molar,
This gentleman had suf-
will see the area of infection at the apex.
fered from recurring inflammation of the throat and chronic bronchitis that
took him to the doctor almost every week.
After the infection was removed
he has not had a recurrence for two years except a grippe infection, which
we
could not assume was caused by the old infection.
I
want you
bone does not restore perfectly.
this,
that the result
We
found three months after the extraction of that tooth that
strains of that
is
that the
organism from the alveolar bone surrounding the socket by
drillmg into the bone.
feel
I
very strongly that practically every case of
streptococcal infection of this type
carry
that
to note
Now, why? we could get
infection
and every tooth
for
which
many months
that has such
of a very low virulence, will
is
in
the
bone around that socket,
an infection must have a very thorough
curettement to remove that infected bone, and not trust to simply the removal of the tooth for obliterating the infection. That is a thing that we as dentists
have not appreciated.
extensive.
Here
fection
the
in
is
mandible from the central
which was that a necrosis destroyed the all
lower,
incisors,
entire
the teeth from the third molar on one side
The
on the other.
streptococcal
a
flow with
this
come from
chin
was gone
infection.
type of infection.
the type
We As
result
and the second molar on
entirely,
do
the
mandible so that she
and the mandible from the third molar on one
other
not
may be very woman who got an in-
Sometimes the infection
the case of a rather beautiful
not
side
much
the
to the second,
That was
practically.
get
of lost
if
any
pus
a rule those extreme infections do not
of organism that will
produce these disturbances.
While we are at this I will ask you to note that the stretching pressure on the new forming bone was sufficient to make that chin grow out to almost its normal position. Here is a picture of the same woman as we see her on the street to-day,
stretched as
made
to
stumps.
it
and again she has got a
was growing about an
inch
chin.
By
having that bone
and a half of new bone has been
grow out of about half an inch of bone that attached those two She could only take a liquid diet \vhen we started that stretching
operation,
and now she can
practically.
eat as large a
meal as anybody of as coarse food
Canadian
Report of the
There are some types of
many
for a great
The
years.
giving no trouble at
Oral
Prophylactic
infection that will be carried in
next
the case of a
is
woman whose
but they were discolored.
all,
duty to remove the dead and putrescent pulp. tooth after demonstrating that
was dead, and
it
felt that
I
opened
I
13
Association.
dead
teeth
teeth
were
it
was my dead
into the
was
that tooth that
giving
her no trouble took on an active form of inflammation so severe and rapid '
by ten o'clock that night she had a fever of
that
ing
when
came
she
head was
to the office her
much
high fever and very
study of the organism to identify
When
which grows with two expressions. duces very
oxygen
in \ve get
dition of very grave irritation.
may
tooth
this
pneumonia and patient
We
asked
to take
it
woman
this
pro-
it
if
on a new con-
she had had any
had
its
remained there
it
lowered
vitality
al!
and
these years,
carry in the body an organism that
had some general
the time ^vhen they
!n«uiy dentists in this
They do
room
Now,
abscessing teeth.
at
of
a
at
and
that suggests
in at
what
find very
few physicians have sympathy with
had the experience of
seeing, perhaps,
men
What
going about,
some other form of
is
A streptococcal
the trouble?
of the
more absces-
two weeks of one period than they may have seen after.
for six
infection
culture
medium,
and immediately
that
is
and the organism goes
infection,
through the system and lodges at the apices of the teeth where there
good
so
have seen over and over again, an epidemic of
months before or or
a
moment's
which organism came
infection,
in
the
how
this illustrates
r^ady
is
time
the
not understand that, but as a matter of fact the
dental profession have sing teeth in
I
This
and
the organism of pneumonia,
notice to re-infect with a very grave infection,
that.
a
free baccillus
an entirely new expression from that same
commonly grows along with
probability
be
to
and she said seven years previously she had pneumonia.
severe illness,
all
a
does not get oxygen
it
organism, and the opening up of the tooth allows
bacillus very
was
It
it.
had
we had made
that time
inflammation locally, but by opening up the tooth and
slight
letting the air or
so that she almost
By
carried in and threw herself on the lounge. sufficient
up and she had a very
all tied
much
prostrated, so
03, and the next morn-
1
patient
troubled
is
is
a
with
abscessing teeth, the infection gets to the teeth through the blood stream and
causes that epidemic.
Value of Vaccines. The
next slide
is
particularly interesting because
it
shows where a
third
molar was extracted, and under normal conditions the alveolar bone has
more
restored
in
This
months.
six
is
irritation of the throat
removal of vaccines.
put
in
this
weeks than
some other location
it
would
was producing
in
six
a chronic
with bronchitis, which cleared up entirely after the
infected tooth.
Where
in
a streptococcal infection that
shall
wt
This
slide will suggest to us the use of
use vaccines, and
how much we use?
them, and what kind of vaccine will
of them shall
We
we
have the
Report of the Canadian
14
extremes of opinion
my
profession, but
Oral Prophylactic Association.
the dental profession
in
judgment would be and
hcially used in very carefully selected cases,
much
altogether too
confidence
twenty years of age
who had
This
them.
in
The pus had stopped were healing up. the seat
into
of
we
restoratives gave
weeks and then
lost
who
its
If
we had
to
No\v,
you have people with
it
willing to
we must
A vaccine was
of age.
for something like five
pay
to
like five years
of resistance
and
may
lots
of
bring out
were, by means of a vaccine and help them to
not expect
much from
The
vaccine.
next slide
mam
This
service.
for
and was trying
it,
he has been compelled
pay
to
for
it,
and yet
last
tor
deny himself practically
to
and
the privileges of public life because of irritation of the bladder,
during the
be-
^\'hat is the difference
lots
for the best dental service that could be got in the world,
pay
and he was able
all
young
the
temporarily overwhelming infection, but with people beyond
this
something
both the
at
again.
shows one of the tragedies of our modern splendid dental
was
get
are suddenly overwhelmed by infection you
years of age
fifty
him improvement
efficiency entirely.
nature's hidden strength, as
overcome
the condition.
was changed completely and
picture
this
made, and the
reserve
She was
treatment.
and even the second molar, and with
woman was restored in a very few days to health The next picture shows a gentlemcm fifty years
tween these cases?
woman
could inject a solution of medicine
necrotic area
this
to the third molar,
no other treatment
to local
shown completely changed
is
Before that time
and buccal
lingual
slide
are liable to place
shows a young
almost entirely in three or four days and the sinuses
focus
or
we
but
and the making of a vaccine from the
infection,
contents of this pocket ^\•hich
the medical
in
that vaccines can be benc-
a necrosis going on for something like four
months which did not subside or respond
o.erwhelmed with an
we have
as is
A
twenty years he has been suffering with that trouble.
bacteriological culture from the urine gave us a typical streptococcal infec-
The radiagram showed
tion.
hod been going on
for years.
area of infection where the absorption
this
We
got a very prolific streptococcal infec-
and with no further treatment than the treatment of
tion,
the dentist
had
no other treatment than bladder cleared up.
il
off,
it
Now,
onto some good
and
I
which with
it,
the extraction of that tooth the irritation of the
not a tragedy that
is It
onto a sick old tooth which nature would eliminate hitch
that tooth
very securely anchored to the next tooth back of
healthy tooth
have no hesitation
in
we if
as dentists will hitch
she could?
We
will
and prevent nature from throwing
saying that the Cliff Dwellers with their
healthy mouths without decay were infinitely better off than our civilization with our boasted dentistry,
because
we do
not
know
better than
to
hitch sick teeth onto well teeth.
This at
first
slide
shows the case of a whole
series of infections nearly, starting
with an acute inflammatory process
infection, then a liver disturbance, so
much
in
her joints,
then
a
so that they thought she
heart
would
Report of the Canadian
have to be operated on for
and then peptic
stones
gall
of pus,
when
such were possible, and then
if
had probably a hundred
think she
Then
ulcer.
saw her
I
bunco about mouth
he didn't think the bad teeth had anything to do with
want them out she didn't need
Now,
to.
me
that to
one time
at
Her
boils of various sizes.
said he did not take any stock in all this
men
15
a carbuncle from which her physician thought he took a teacup
finally full
Oral Prophylactic Association.
and
infection,
and
it,
if
I
physician
she didn't
a tragedy, that the
is
of our dental profession cannot have the united co-operation of the
medical profession, and one.
I
am
who Jo
use that as an illustration, and
I
sorry to say
is
it
I
hope
it
a rare
is
men
not a rare one in our city to find medical
not yet recognize the importance of mouth infection.
Now,
I
impacted
We
pressure.
between mouth infections and
wish to differentiate
produced by
teeth
and
were told by Dr.
the
Mayo
Monday
last
lesions
produced by pus under
lesions
evening that pus will
produce a typical type and successive chain of expressions of the nervous
when
system;
of expression
impacted is
under
not
;
third
entirely different,
that we we have
have
will
produces
pressure,
when under molar, we
pressure, get
a
an
entirely
on the nervous
re-action
system
people
these
the case of a
She had
that
and very often involves a mental disturbance so grave locked up
our sanitariums.
in
young woman who has been
all
sorts
With no
of hallucinations.
Here
an asylum for two
in
years, part of the time in a plaster of paris jacket because she violent.
type
different
coming not from pus but from an
was
so
other treatment
than the removal of the impacted upper third molars and the removal of the remains of the distal root of a second molar that
over she
was completely
from the asylum as cured, and has been grand opera
in
Boston, putting
apparently perfectly well again.
in
five I
was
entirely
grown
two weeks she was dismissed
relieved so that in
for the last nine
months studying
hours a day at her studies zmd
want
is
emphasize that the type of
to
expression that comes from an impacted tooth
is
quite different from the
expression that comes from a septic infection, and with no. other indicatior
but the deposit as shown in the next slide
we
will
have an acute inflamma-
tory process take place. I
presume one of the greatest contributions that has come from
entire field of research has
be
sufficient to
and blood produces is
vessels
this
just recently
even the amount of infection
shcv^ring that
will
been made
this
by Dr. Hartzel! by
we may have
in
these spaces
gain entrance directly through the open lymph channels
and
infect the apices of roots,
amount of inflammation.
This
slide
our graveyard of dentistry, the gold crown.
and a
little
shows what I
more deposit I
should say
do not know of any
we as a dental profession have made that has produced so much local and general disturbance as the gold crown, because wnth it we may cover up an infected pulp, and not only that but primarily we may operation that
y.eport
It)
produce an
Oral Prophylactic Association.
irritation at the gingival
may invohe
infection that
and
the apices
Canadian
the
of
and secondly,
periodental tissue,
all the
Very
of the body.
margin and by that
irritation start
an
not only the tissues around the tooth but involNe
frequently
have
I
all
the tissue parts
me
slides referred to
such as these,
ilthough these were taken from Dr. Black's book, where particularly the
Here we have
medical profession are not interpreting the slides correctly.
which
abscess for example,
dental
not a dental
is
a
but a nerve
abscess,
foramin.
This
slide
put
is
show you
in to
and shade.
to get the proper light
for example,
we
the rays at right angles to the long axis
and
root,
if
we make
have a shortening of the tooth.
rays
is
at right angles to a plane
and
we have
the angle of
will get a lengthening of the
him we
the angle of the ray at right angles to the
will
the tooth
X-ray tube
the proper position of the If,
The
which
proper position or angle of the
halfway between the long
is
shown
the plane of the film as
axis of
in the lo\ver picture,
which
always give you the shadow of the tooth the same length as the tooth
will
itself.
This
serious
systemic
these cases
slide
shows the type of dental
lesions that
without local disturbance,
infections
may produce for
very
practically
all
were not giving local disturbance, and yet they were giving
Here
serious systematic disturbance. fistula into the
types the blind abscess
is
by
\\e
have the typical abscess with a
Here we have
hard palate.
far the
a blind abscess, and of all the
most dangerous and serious because
it
produces a type of infection that does not make a local disturbance usually, but does produce serious systemic disturbance. If
we had
time
I
would
of organisms in a healthy
we
like to
emphasize the difference
mouth and an unhealthy mouth.
take the amount of debris from a decaying tooth that
in a
If for
number example
would be
repre-
sented by a milligram, an amount that you could carry on the head of a pin
and count the organisms
almost,
10,000.000
to
quantity, a thing
250.000,000
we have
not
in
or
you would have
it
all
the
way from
500.000,000 organisms in that small of, and when you realize that that*
dreamed
milligram of material would only be a fraction of the total amount
mouth we
get
with
Then
us.
an idea of the amount of infection if
we note the different we will readily see
of infection in each
we
in the
are carrying around
types of mouths and the amount
immune mouth with 0,000.000 and a dirty mouth with primary caries with 500.000,000 organisms we have the answer almost immediately for the decay, the numthat an
1
ber of organisms being almost in proportion to the decay, and
I
have here
time to go into study of the pathological aspects,
we would
a slide with the columns illustrating If
we had
find this gingival notch to
may have
so slight
which
I
this.
am
an infection that the
yet the blood vessels as
pointing on the outside of the tooth
gum
is
only slightly reddened, and
shown bv Dr. Hartzell
will
come
to within three
Canadian
Report of the
Oral Prophylactic Association.
and
or four or five microns of ihe surface,
ing in that area
and when you consider that when you realize they have directly into the veins
you
a micron to
go
to be.
it
microns of distance,
five
25,000th part of an
the
than
1
The human body
do you suppose we have?
Now, what
surgeon or physician would allow
moment with
that
much
and yet we pay no
to
have
co\ ered
it
abscessing area or pyorrhea pocket one-
how many
square
Four square
inches.
eighth of an inch deep around each tooth in the head inches of abscessing area
not to have
any one of us had an abscess area as large as
If
we have an
if
is
to get
a sealed envelope as
is
a penny on our hand our physician \vould be very careful or protected, but
it
and
inch,
,000th part of an inch
what importance
get an idea of
the seal broken at that point.
nature intends
is
less
do grow-
the germs have to
all
through that four or
to travel
is
17
patient to go for one
his
suppurating surface from which infection can come,
attention to
it
because
it
and the organisms pass through
Now,
mouth.
in the
is
by means of
part of infection seems to enter the system
the large
the blood stream,
these large blood vessels into the smaller
ones and finally overcome the capillaries, and the blood has the property of causing a coagulation so to speak,
and
bacteria,
end
little
that
arteries,
clumping makes
and you
We
to the later pictures.
of
the
presume no work of
of Dr. E. C.
He
when we come
have some very
interesting cases of this blocking
shown of stomach
and
infection
68
decade
when he has taken
and inocculated in
this
is
so valuable
and
Rosenow, formerly of Chicago, but now of
has shown
would
block up these
possible for
skin
and so on.)
infection I
clumping of the
or
them
will see that process taking place
(Pictures were
arteries.
groupmg
a
to
it
it
the
Mayo
germ from an appendix produced
into animals that the lesions
per cent, of the cases
significant as that
the
Institute.
for
example
that
animal
be the appendix of the animal.
That
in
The
means
that organisms
strain
taken from the appendix selected the appendix in the animals, where
if
the organism
have a
specific selective action for certain tissues.
was taken from
streptococcal cultures from other sources
than the appendix, only 5 per cent, had infections of the appendix.
same way with the stomach
when
was taken from
it
the
taken from miscellaneous infections, and the
and
same way. I
What
does that mean?
have an infection
in
seems
it
He
our mouth that
is
so definite
and aggravated a form
somebody
else takes
it
of
seems
this,
to
if
off that drinking
we
it
on through
means
this,
if
in
you
selecting out our liver or our ulcer, that
place
it
germ may have
on a drinking cup and
cup we may possibly transfer to
an infection of gall stones, an infection of peptic ulcer, or some
other infection of the body. ties
that
to follow
suggests
appendix or our stomach and producing stomach
that person
the
It is
65 per cent, had infection of the stomach stomach, and only 20 per cent, when it was
ulcer,
That seems almost
too far to take the possibili-
and yet who knows but that may be
be suggested to us
is
that
we must be
true.
The
thing that
exceedingly careful to keep
Report of the Canadian
18
Oral Prophylactic Associuiion.
cur mouths just as clean as possible and prevent the possibility of carrjring it
Dr. Rosenow has done probably the most important work that
to others.
has ever been done with respect to mutations of organisms, and in
we
slide
Some
see illustrations of his work.
lenged
his
change
it
and here we have an
Now,
unlikely to occur except in rare cases.
mouth
to see
whether or not he
is
Mutations are
men
the medical
suffering
to
That means
illustration.
they are simply expressions of the same organism.
patient's
and asked him
a strain of pneumococcus
work and gave him to streptococcus,
this
of the bacteriologists chal-
ver>'
look in the
from a lead poisoning
or mercury poisoning or phosphorus poisoning, simply because the most
body
susceptible tissue of the entire
and
teeth,
that
susceptibility
was put
is
shown
is
is
the tissue surrounding the
pyorrhea
That
so prevalent.
is
where some devitalizing paste
dog and with every precaution
in sealing
cement and amalgam over the cement, yet the
it
result
that passed through the apex or through the wall
amount of paste
and came back
of the root
why
so clearly in this case
into the tooth of this
into the tooth, using the
of the
to poisons
probably the reason
to the gingival
border was enough not only to
destroy the gingival border around those teeth in three days but to produce the tongue
necrotic area on each side of
this
show us some of
next slide will
so large a subject
we
is
we
men
of the medical profession
The
the lesions at the apices of the root, but
have time
will not
that
that
showing the
of the dog,
tissue to the Irritation of that drug.
tremendous susceptibility of that
dwell on
to
it
except to say
of the dental profession should hesitate to use these things as the
and
the surgeons hesitate to use bichlorid*
A
of mercury in the abdominal cavity.
few years before that he used
a
rather strong solution of carbolic acid, but he does not use the strong solution of bichloride to-day, for
the tissues,
kill
We
way.
nature's
kills
dental surgeons as a profession are
is
in the peridental tissue a
from the gingival border
to the
network of
apex of the
seems to be a very important factor
root,
in the
the germs will to
keep out of
putting things
tissues.
running
cells
and
is still
dozen times too strong for the health of those
into roots a
TTiere
he has found out that what
and he has found the thing he must do
all the
way
that chain or network
development of pyorrhea, for
pyorrhea does not develop from a point around the tooth but develops continuously
and progressively towards
never been solved, but
network of eplphelial network
is
related
it
the apex of the root.
Why
this is so
has been suggested partly by the finding of
cells
by Dr. Black, that
to pyorrhea.
We
have
has this
it
will
be sho^vn that that
in
the
mouth an organism
that has caused a great deal of speculation in the last year or two, the
ameba, but we do not believe
We food as
believe is
it
is
the breaking
I said,
that
it
is
important as being a factor in pyorrhea.
probably there because there
it is
down lymphocytes and
to
blame
for pyorrhea.
is
lots
of food for
leukocytes.
We
it,
do not
which
believe.
Oral Prophylactic Association.
19
young lady who has had a very sudden
loss of
Report of the Canadian
Here
the picture of a
is
her immunity.
were very put
The
Suddenly her teeth are decaying very rapidly.
We
sensitive.
teeth
and
have taken the debris from one of the cavities
and you
will note
it is
almost a pure culture.
on the microscopic slide, organisms then show a culture from that same patient's mouth showing
it
We
different from other parts of the mouth, and you W\\\ notice an entirely blamed been has that type and variety. On this slide we have an organism capable is that pyorrhea and of being able to carry bacteria into tissue
for
You
of infection.
will note
how
slowly
it
(Shows various kinds
moves.
of organisms.)
The
next picture will
these organisms
show you
which were taken from
We
inoccua blood system of a patient suffering from pyorrhea infection. produced in the blood lated a frog with a quantity of that organism, and it vessels of the frog the formations that
spoke
I
You
of.
will see,
first,
the
We
cut a hole through the frog's rhythmic motion of the lung of the frog. the anterior chest wall, through hole another then and speak, back, so to
and
let
and we got
hole in the front,
this
blood stream as
will notice the
and the
media carrying cause what
this
stirred
is
it
two minims of a
streptococci, or
our bodies
any other invasion of
arteries
the small
when we have an
The
infection.
and the formation of a
up
You
clot.
effect
is
to
end
invasion of
a blockmg of
will see the bacteria
block up and block up, and then the pressure behind will break it
was
the effect on the frog's blood
organism, and
in
first,
You
rushes through the veins and the arteries
injected into the circulation
happens to us
it
have,
with the heart beat.
you might call clumps of bacteria blocking
arteries, just as
end
We
capillaries.
it
We
view of the circulation.
the rhythmic motion of the lung as
the
and come out through the
the light go through the hole in the back
up and
it
rushes away.
There was a time when you and like
these organisms
some of
characteristics in to us.
Keep
servations
in
common, mind
we have
three things
by inference
:
How
teria differ,
and
in
what
;
sole organism, very
We
seen on the screen.
much
had many
a matter of fact, they are very close cousins
so, as
bacteria develop in an abscess
were one
I
now,
for
we
will
have
to
make
these ob-
new
strams of
do mutations occur by which second,
how do
respects are they
these various forms of bac-
like ourselves,
for. as
a matter
and at was a time when each of lookbeen have we that time we were very, very much like these organisms determine that conditions the ing at. as you will see. and, thirdly, what are The first of the pictures will show of those organisms > us was a
of fact, there
single
germ
cell,
the development
you the
fertilizing process of certain
in chemistry that
is
so rapid
know of no operation and when you realize that
forms of egg.
and so spectacular,
I
practically all those processes are purely mechanical,
a process of physical chemistry.
We
will
it
is
wonderful.
It is
see how these bacteria produce
Report of the
20
ihe lesions they
Oral Prophylaefie Association.
Cuiuidiaii
do and
select the tissues they
do
-
any conscious
\sithout
effort
and without any influence except purely a matter of chemistry and physics.
The
show
film will
first
deposit their
organisms
the fertilizing process of a form of sea
See
water, and they behave almost like bacteria.
male atoms rush that gets in cal action
to that
on
this
membrane which
This chemical process
As
of a second.
ently into four,
did not
is
and you
has had carried into
life
miners of resistance, and as
it
and rapidly modified,
that
are principally just
of development, and that
is
it
difficult to
Here
eight.
that process
has been carried into
Now,
the thing
may
I
an egg that
is
means
that this nucleus
has been subject to
it,
it
want
to
emphasize
suffering
there
the determiner of the resistance of the body.
when
the
membrane
may throw some
forming
is
in the early stages
on \vhy some people are
light
I said, in
first
germ
You
a few seconds and its
will notice
and
enters,
It is
not
the addition of very small
and very many people are susceptible
was under
that
a physical
is
rapidity.
to disease be-
cause at the time they were being fertilized as embryonic forms of
was
is,
take place, put there rapidly
modify that development process by
of the parents, or both,
pres-
mass of germs that have been attracted
hardly conceive of, because of
quantities of chemicals,
in.
the determiners of character and the deter-
chemical process takes place, as
we can
and
di\ides into two,
it
these eggs separate or part as soon as the
operation that
one
first
produces a chemi-
subject to typhoid or inflammatory rheumatism, and so on.
how
little
takes place in a very small fraction
one condition under which an influence
Those
does so
it
fertilized,
Now,
it
it
modification of environment. is
is
see the
purely by chemical attraction. of
as
the
in
quickly these
prevents any other germ from getting
so rapid that
soon as the egg
and
and then we have formations of
fertilize,
how
egg purely by a chemical process, and the
the only one that gets in,
is
These
life.
eggs into the water and they are fertilized
life
one
the influence of alcohol, or the mother
from the retention of some systemic poison
—
acid particularly,
probably, and you will see some pictures of what Avas caused by the addition of
a very small portion of alcohol, and
monstrosities, in
some
some with only one eye or with
cases, serious
beat in this embryonic form of
life.
on account of being treated when
that
Many
it
is
capable of making
head deformities and nervous deformities.
deformities are produced in guinea pigs.
of alcohol.
how
the eyes too close together, or,
it
Here
In this case is
you can
The same
see the heart
one showing a head deformity
was an egg with
a very small percentage
people have their resistance lowered because of influences
have come into
their lives at the time that the determiners
transferred through this
very sensitive stage.
were being
In contrast to that, you see
here a few cells of tissue taken from a frog's throat, which would be identical to those taken
mouths, and
if
from the human
we
throat.
Here
cut the head off entirely
is
a specimen
and cut
it
up
showing two
in sections,
they
Report of the
will
ing
you
Canadian
Oral Prophylactic Association.
respond tp food just exactly as it
is
if
will notice
it
has a sucking bottle.
Here we have
Here
fastened together.
is
Here we have
In conclusion,
I
want
wanted
When I
to,
the current
is
Academy
can see him drink-
we added
a
little
was developing.
couldn't go in any other direction
whichever direction the current
in
for
is
if
they
changed.
oscillate.
your most splendid attention.
the close of Dr. Price's address,
behalf of the
You
changed too quickly, they simply
much
show-
show you how mechanical they are when un-
They
and they turn
thank you very
At
to
it
there,
young squid, and
a pair of twins with their backs
a monstrosity simply because
alcohol to the sea water in which
der an electric current.
a
Nature gives some of these organ-
isms a quantity of food to sustain them for a time. ing out of his sucking bottle.
body were
the rest of the
an entirely mechanical process.
21
(Applause.)
H. B. Anderson, M.D., CM., on moved a vote of
of Medicine and the audience,
thanks to the speaker for his excellent address and extraordinary illustrations. F. Arnold Clarkson, motion.
M.B.,
in
a clever and witty speech, seconded the
Report
22
Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.
the
of
Address
President's A.
McDoNAGH,
J.
Read before Annual Meeting-
D.D.S., L.D.S., Toronto, Ont. Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association,
of
January,
Gentlemen, history of the
our
in
world; the events which have taken place effect
the year just
in
on every phase of human
society unfortunately
little
society,
have been hampered
and
have not escaped the far-reaching
from the world's greatest and most sanguinary
influences resulting
We
1916.
year has gone around, a momentous year in the
had a wonderful
past have
we
—Another
struggle.
more ways than one, and we have been
in
deprived of the active co-operation of several of our best members.
(now Capt.) Gow, Capt. Mallory and Capt.
Hume
Doctors
have taken up the
cause of their country, sacrificing themselves and their practice, and are
now
helping the poor soldiers
them
all
work of
ful participants in the
we have
In the last year J.
who
we were
also Dr. Minns,
The
loss of friends I
by death
who was
just recently a
member
of our Association.
at all.
;
in
fact,
for a time
we had
Committee, which would act
in
conjunction with the Executive.
formation necessary and the contracts
all
ready to
we were
lost
some of
Army their
That the in-
when we
fruits
of their
confronted with the unfortunate condition that
not get enough goods to supply the demand.
got contracts from the
all
but just
sign,
were on the point of signing the contracts and putting the labors to the test
doing
difficulty in
Last year you were good enough to elect an Adver-
committee formulated an excellent scheme of advertising, got
course,
Dr.
said in the beginning, business conditions in the last year have
any business
we could
—
was a and Dr. Doherty, whose
inception,
its
friends
of our College,
such as these can never be repaired.
been very much disturbed
tising
Dean
fortunate to have with us at our last annual meeting,
and
As
good
also lost three
from
of the Association
friend
wish
and be again happy, health-
this Society.
B. Willmott, the respected and worthy
presence
We
are fighting at Salonika.
success and hope they will soon return
Kent
&
Son, having
supply brushes to them, and having, of
to
employees, have not been able to supply us
with our brushes.
Lyman
Bros, reported to us that, although they
gross of tubes on order in the
put up
Hutax
Paste,
that time
more business was out of
we came
Greatrix,
who
who was
willing to promote the
is
had seven hundred
they could not get one to
and consequently we could not
that advertising to create
Just about
Old Country,
in
get
the
paste,
so
the question.
contact with
a
gentleman, Mr.
with us here to-night, whose services were available and
the business for us.
good of our
Through Mr.
enterprise
and
to
Greatrix' efforts principally,
manage
we have
Report of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.
been able
induce
to
Lyman
from the United States
we have
him, also,
Bros,
to
a sufficient quantity of tubes
get
supply the immediate demand,
to
23
and through
Dupont
given a supplementary order to the
people,
of France, for one hundred gross of brushes, to be delivered as soon as possible; however, that will take time; in fact,
will
it
be some time yet
before the supply of our goods will be normal.
Notwithstanding
drawbacks and
all these
the
many
which have
factors
militated against our progress during the past year, the sale of our brushes
has increased by the substantial total of one hundred and thirteen gross, that of our paste
and powder,
forty gross.
In our Financial Secretary's report you will find there
which could not be put
out,
straightened up
by
the time of the annual report,
we donated powder and
time,
tions in the city,
than that, as
Our Educational Committee working under
we
left
and
that
is,
at
Christmas
of last year
and year before Dr.
work and has been
able to do a good deal of the
$175.00
—
the cost
got them at wholesale prices.
but our Secretary,
difficulties,
one item
paste to about seventeen charitable institu-
of a retail value of something over
to us, of course, being less
is
because the account for that item was not
in
last
has been
Broughton, has been able to assist the
Edu-
The committee has been handicapped this year beDr. Hume, who was a member, had to go to the military camp,
cational Committee.
cause
and Dr. Grieve,
the Secretary of the
Dr. Hume's work
at the
the affliction of his wife dying,
burden
laid
upon
Committee, was forced
to take
up
College; besides, unfortunately. Dr. Grieve had
and through
also,
that,
an extraordinary
his shoulders.
This coming year your Executive hopes that the Educational Com-
which you
mittee
will
appoint will undertake and do a great deal of the
work which has devolved upon
we hope
fact,
mittee that they meet at the
money
a permanent
as
spectfully request that
up
to
made by
same time and with
has been suggested that
It
the Executive
to carry out the suggestion
the present time;
the Educational
the Executive.
Association provide a certain sum of
this
endowment
for research,
and your Executive
you express an opinion on that subject
The Educational Committee
will
in
Com-
report
the
re-
this evening.
work done throughout
the
Dominion. I
want
to
thank the members of the Society for their loyal support
who
want,
also,
thank the members of the other committees and the auditors for
their
and particularly
have, as usual, thought no to
in
the Executive Committee,
the past,
services to the Association.
the
members of
work of
the Society a burden.
I
Report of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association.
24
Secretary-Treasurer s Report The annual
meeting of the Canadian Oral Prophylactic Association was
held JcUiuary 20th, 1916, at the
Walker House, Toronto.
programme arranged
fact that the
Owing
for our annual meeting
—
to the
a lecture by
Dr, Weston A. Price, on Blood Circulation, illustrated by Moving Pictures
—would be
of special interest to all the profession,
was decided
it
go on with the business part of the meeting, the reception of reports, adjourn the
Monday, February
to
members
14th, for the
programme and
Toronto and
of the Dental Profession of
to
etc.,
to invite all
vicinity to hear
Dr.
Price's lecture.
President's Report presented
by Dr. A.
J.
McDonagh.
Educational Committee's Report presented by Dr. Geo.
A.
Financial Report presented by Dr.
J.
W.
Grieve.
Broughton.
$2,699. 7
Receipts
1
Expenditures
Donations
—
Charity and Educational
646.29
$
to:
Canadian Dental Association
the
for
Army
Com-
Service
$ 06.28
mittee
1
50.00
Sick Children's Hospital
Army
Dental Fund of the
C.D.A
100.00
Sunnyside Orphanage
3.48
$36.06 25.38
Toronto University Hospital Corps
McGill Hospital Corps
Army
Service Corps
52.35
113.79 Lantern
slides
1
Exhibit at
O.D.A.
32.64
convention
Prinring
1
Expenditures of operating
1
Balance for 1916
56.30
,225.02
2,453.97 3,943.47
Assets
Total gain over preceding year
Total gain over preceding year
3.80
70.00
Oral hygiene charts
in revenue,
in tooth
Total gain over preceding year
in
$385.55.
brush
paste
sales,
1
and powder
1
3
gross.
sales,
40
gross.