The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors [Subsequent ed.] 0198662394, 9780198662396

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Digitized by the Internet Archive in

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https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780198662396

The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors

The

Oxford Dictionary for

Writers and Editors Second Edition Edited and compiled by R.

M. Ritter

OXTORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x 2 6dp It

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford NewYork Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dares Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw

with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford

is

a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York

© Oxford University Press

2000

Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First edition

1981

Second edition 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Data available ISBN 0-19-866239-4

13579

10

8642

Designed by Andrew Boag, Typographic problem solving, London Typeset in Swift and Arial by Latimer Trend and Company Ltd, Pl5miouth Printed by T. J. International, Padstow

Contents

vii Editor’s viii

How to use this dictionary

xi List xii

1

note

of abbreviations

Note on trade marks and proprietary status

The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors

399 Appendix

i:

Mathematical and logical symbols

401 Appendix

2:

Proofreading marks

403 Appendix

3:

Transliteration tables

404 Appendix 4:

Diacritics, accents,

and

special sorts

Tapdooei rovg dvOpcoTTOvs ov rd TrpdypLara, dXXd rd 7T€pl rd)v TTpaypidrcjov

SoypLara. Epictetus, Manual

(‘Not things, but opinions about things, trouble folk/)

Editor’s note This dictionary is a completely expanded, revised, and updated edition of the original Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors, first published in 1981. That work was itself successor to eleven editions of the Authors and Printers Dictionary, originally published under the editorship of F. Howard Collins in 1905— at which time it was considered to be the first style-book of its kind to have been produced in any country. This edition

is

designed to be used in conjunction with Hart’s Rules for

Compositors and Readers (thirty-ninth edition, 1983; to be revised

enlarged as The Oxford Guide

to Style, available in

with The New Fowler’s Modem

and

spring 2001), as well as

English Usage (revised third edition, 1998),

and the New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) or

Concise Oxford Dictionary

(tenth edition, 1999). text is derived from the archives, experience, and practical knowledge of Oxford University Press, especially the Oxford English Dictionary Department and the former Arts & Reference Desk-Editing

The

accumulated experience and wispeople throughout the many editions of this work’s precursors. As such my first debt of gratitude is to the generations of compositors, editors, academics, proofreaders, and authors whose labour established and moulded the material included in this book, and whose influence endures on every page. I should like also to thank the many people associated with the Press and University who have generously shared their considerable talents in many areas, in particular Bonnie Blackburn, Edwin and Jackie Pritchard, J. S. G. Simmons, Della Thompson, George Tulloch, Hilary Walford, and John Was. I am grateful to Barbara Horn for her editorial assistance in the unenviable task of thoroughly revising and streamlining the text at galley stage. Department.

It

also represents the

dom of countless

In creating this new edition I have been fortunate in being able to draw upon the extraordinary range and depth of knowledge of my

many of whom have taken considerable time over the years. In particular I thank Elizabeth Stratford, Milica Djuradjevic, Enid Barker, Cyril Cox, and Mick Belson, all of whom represent an irreplaceable source of editorial expertise. Here I must single out Leoffanc Holford-Strevens, whom it has been my great good fortune to count as both colleague and friend, and who has remained a patient and tireless fount of knowledge for this book in particular and OUP in general: in doing so he amply fulfils the role of a Laudian ‘Architypographus’.

colleagues at the Press,

and trouble

to help

me

—

—

and most importantly I thank my wife Elizabeth who, while book was in preparation, endured (with varying degrees of good humour) passive exposure to eight years of editorial ephemera; and my children Olivia, James, and Theodore.

Finally this

RMR Michaelmas Term 1999 Oxford

vii

How to use this dictionary Arrangement of the text and cross-references 1.

2.

Arrangement.

Entries are ordered alphabetically, letter

Cross-references. Cross-references are

set in

by letter.

normal boldface type

Semicolons are always used to separate references, so as to distinguish those with internal commas. So the cross reference

thus.

See also Mac-, Me-, M‘

one entry, and the cross-references

refers to only See also

are to ‘cf

’

Smith; Smythe

two

entries. In addition to these cross-references, the direction

may be

(meaning ‘compare’)

used in text to

cite

another entry or

entries. cf.

assurance; assure; ensure

cf.

de La; du; van, van den, van der

Conventions used in the text 1.

Bold. Boldface type is used for headwords, cross-references, and for all approved forms and spellings; a rejected form or spelling is printed in light face except when it stands as a headword cross-referring to the preferred form. Italic boldface is used for words to be printed in italics.

2.

Solidus. A solidus (/) is used to mark the end of that part of the headword to which boldface elements introduced with a dash (see 3) or a hyphen (see 4) later in the same entry should be attached. Thus the entry coUegij um

... pi.

-a

shows that the plural form should be

collegia,

and the

inflections given

as

gallop/

.

.

.

-ed, -er, -ing

are to be understood as galloped, galloper, and galloping. Only boldface elements follow this rule; note for example in the entry metal/, -led,

-ling, -lize

.

.

.

not -ise

join the headword, forming metalled, metalling, and metallize, but the rejected termination -ise is independently given. that -led,

3.

-ling,

and

-ling

Dash. An em-rule dash is used to stand for the repetition of a single headword already given, and the solidus again marks the end of a common element. Thus in the entry paddle/ boat, — steamer, — wheel (two words)

the three combinations are paddle boat, paddle steamer, and paddle wheel. In the entry Einstein,/ Albert (1879-1955) German physAlfred icist, naturalized US citizen 1940; (1880-1952) German musicologist, naturalized US citizen 1945

—

the

names

are Albert Einstein

and Alfred Einstein.

Use of more than one dash indicates the repetition of a corresponding

number of words. viii

How to use this dictionary

4.

Hyphen. In headwords the hyphen serves two purposes: to indicate compound is normally hyphenated whenever used, and to introduce a further second element to form a compound with a first element marked off earlier in the entry by means of a solidus. In the second case the intended form of that compound will be clear from scrutiny of the first compound given, and by recourse to the comment given in parenthat a

theses at the end of the sequence, word)’.

e.g. ‘(hyphen)’, ‘(hyphens)’, ‘(one

The entry

bird/cage, -seed (one word)

therefore indicates that birdcage and birdseed are both to be written as

one word, and the entry 'multi/-role, -stage, -storey, -user (hyphens,

one word in US) indicates that multi-role, multi-stage, multistorey,

and

multi-user are all to

be written with h}q)hens in British English (but as one word in US English— see 8). 5.

Parentheses. These are used

to supply information directly after the headword, portraying the discipline, context, or language the headword may be found in, or describing some special aspect of its spelling, formation, or use. Where a foreign word is not assimilated into the English language, its gender and case are given, as required. This information has been dispensed with as irrelevant where a foreign word has been assimilated into English and is no longer given in italic, unless the original and assimilated forms differ:

gateau/ cake,

pi. -s; (Fr.

m.) gateau/,

pi.

-x

In addition to their normal function, parentheses are used to formulate

a concise definition that will serve

two or more parts of speech, the part Thus the

in parentheses being included or omitted as appropriate.

definition

oxytone

(Gr. gram.) (a word) with an acute accent on the last syllable

covers both the noun (‘a word with an acute accent on the last syllable’) and the adjective (‘with an acute accent in the last syllable’). Similarly, the definition (of or relating to) (a member of) a Native American tribe, or the language of this people

Cherokee

encompasses the adjectival and noun forms, headword.

as well as the singular

and

collective forms, of the 6.

Full point. The full point or period is used in the normal way to mark an abbreviated form, where appropriate, or the end of a sentence. Entries are normally not in complete sentences, and do not end in full points: this enables the user to determine at a glance whether an abbreviation that occurs as the last word in an entiy— as is frequently the

case— ends

in a full point:

cosine (math., no hyphen)

abbr.

cos

cosmogony, cosmography abbr. cosmog. 7.

Restricted usages.

If the

use of a word

is

restricted in

any way, such

as limited to a specific geographical area (e.g. Austral., Can., NZ), register (e.g. colloq., derog., sL), or field

IX

of activity

(e.g.

gram., her., math.).

How to use this dictionary

this List

is indicated by any of various labels set within parentheses (see the of abbreviations, p. xi). These refer only to the definition immedi-

ately following, so that in

FA (statistics) factor analysis,

(Fr.) Federation Aeronautique, Fine Art, Football Association

the label ‘(statistics)’ refers only to factor analysis, and ‘(Fr.)’ refers only to Federation Aeronautique, not to Fine Art or Football Association. 8.

British and US English variants. ‘US’ indicates that the use is found chiefiy in US English (though often including e.g. Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand English) but not in British English except as a conscious Americanism. Other geographical designations restrict uses to the areas named. whole note (US) = semibreve

Where an exact British equivalent exists this is set (following an equals sign) in boldface

whether

it

forms a headword or not; where no exact

British equivalent exists, a short definition follows instead:

muffin/ a light flat round spongy cake, eaten toasted and buttered; (US) a round cake made = US from batter or dough; a British = British Amer (savoury), a US English ican (sweet)

—

—

—

—

Where the word and meaning are the same, but ment differs, this is indicated parenthetically:

the spelling or treat-

color use colour (except in US)

colourant not color- (US)

empanel/

enrol, not im-; -led, -ling (one

I

in US)

tender-hearted/, -ness (hyphen, one word in US) 9.

Dates.

All dates given in the dictionary are

specified.

X

ad

unless otherwise

List of abbreviations Abbreviations used regularly are listed below; others are given in the itself. Abbreviations of subjects (anthropology, botany, etc.) are also valid for their corresponding adjectival

forms (anthropological, botanical,

etc.).

abbr.

Du. Dutch

abbreviation

adj.

adjective

dyn.

dynamics

adv.

adverb

eccl.

ecclesiastical

Afr.

Africa(n)

Afrik. alt.

econ. economics

Afrikaans

elec.

alternative

Eng. English

Amer. American anat.

esp.

anatomy

Estonian f feminine

fig-

apostrophe approx. approximately Arab. Arabic apos.

arch. archit.

architecture

astr.

astronomy

attrib.

attributive

Austral.

Australian

AV b.

Fin. FI. fl-

archaic

archaeology

Fr.

Gael.

Brit.

Flemish floruit (flourished)

French Gaelic

geol.

geology

geom. geometry

Authorize Version

Ger.

born

Gr.

German Greek; Greater

gram. grammar Heb. Hebrew her. heraldry Hind. Hindi

botany Brazilian

hist.

British

hort.

historical

horticulture

Hung. Hungarian

c.

century

c.

circa

Icel.

Icelandic

Can. Canadian

Ind.

India(n)

cap. cc.

indep. independent

capital

centuries

intr.

Cent. Central

cf compare chem. chemistry Chin. China, Chinese Co. colloq.

contr.

cook. d.

intransitive

Ir.

Irish

It.

Italian

ital.

italic

County

Jap. Japan(ese) joc. jocular

colloquial

Lat.

comput. computing

^

Finnish

geog. geography

bibliography bind. binding biol. biology

Brazil.

figurative(ly)

gen. general

bibliog.

bot.

especially

Est.

anthrop. anthropology Apocr. Apocr}rpha

archaeol.

electrical

lit.

Latin literally; literary

m. masculine math. mathematics ME Middle English mech. mechanics med. medicine meteor. meteorology

contraction

cookery died

Dan. Danish dep. departement derog. derogatory

XI

List of Abbreviations

mil.

military

printing pron. pronounced propr. proprietary pseud. pseudonym psychol. psychology print.

mod. modern

MS manuscript mus. music myth. mythology n.

neuter

pt.

naut. nautical

q.v.

NEB New English Bible NODE New Oxford Dictionary

RC relig.

of English

rep.

Norw. Norwegian NT New Testament NZ New Zealand obs.

off.

offens.

Russ.

English

Sc.

Oxford English Dictionary

sci.

official

SI

offensive

orig.

original(ly)

ornithology

Sanskrit

Pakistan pari. parliamentary

spec.

slang

Spanish specifically

Swed. Swedish

participle

theat.

Persian philol. philology

theol.

Pers.

tr.

philos. philosophy photog. photography phys. physics, physical physiol. physiology

Pol.

Systeme International

Skt. si.

Pak.

poet.

Scottish

science

singular

Sp.

pi.

Russian

sing.

OT Old Testament

part.

republic rhetoric

d’Unites

opp. opposite, opposed ornith.

religion

Rom. Roman rom. roman

obsolete

OE Old OED

rhet.

point quod vide (which see) Roman Catholic

trad.

trans.

theatre

theology transitive traditional(ly)

translated

TS typescript Turk. Turkish

plural

typ.

typography

US United

poetical

Polish

var.

States (style)

variant

Port.

Portuguese

Vulg. Vulgate

prep.

preposition

zool.

zoology

Note on trade marks and proprietary status This guide includes some words that have, or are asserted to have, proprietary status as trade marks or otherwise. Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes a non-proprietary or

general significance, nor any other judgement concerning their legal status. In cases where some evidence exists that a word has proprietary status this is indicated by the word ‘propr.’, but no such judgement concerning the legal status of such words is made or implied thereby.

Xll

Aa A

Advanced

aasvogel

examination), ampere,

(level

avancer (on timepiece regulator); the

first

in

a series

A

austral (currency of Argentina)

calaureus (US Bachelor of Arts), a blood type

A. Academician, Academy, Acting (rank), amateur, answer, artillery. Associate

a are

alto,

(unit of area), atto-, year (no point)

a. accepted

Ger. acceptiert) (on bills

(Fr. accepte,

of exchange), acre, active (in grammar), adjective, anna, area, arrive, (Lat.) ante (before)

A, a in German, Swedish, etc. should not be replaced by Ae, ae (except in some proper names), or A, a, or x. Only the first of two vowels takes the umlaut, as du

A

angstrom

A, a the ‘Swedish a\ used in Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish

@

a’ used in calculating used in the domain name in

the ‘commercial

at,

from

prices;

email addresses

AO

(‘A

A1

first class

nought’ or ‘A zero’) a paper

size; see

DIN

Advertising Association, Alcoholics anti-aircraft. Architectural Association, Associate in Arts, Automobile Association; a film-censorship classification

Anonymous,

Adjustment Acts

(US) Agricultural

or

Administration; Amateur Athletic Association, American Automobile Association

AAC anno

ante Christum (in the year before Christ)

(small caps.)

AAG

cf.

Aix>la*Chapelle

Force; Auxiliary Air Force

1957) Assistant Adjutant General

AAIA

Associate of the Association of International Accountants

Aalborg Denmark,

in Dan. Alborg

Aalto, (Hugo) Alvar (Henrik) (1896-1976). Finnish architect and designer A.

&

M. agricultural and mechanical; (Hymns)

Ancient and Modern A. A.

& &

N.

Army and Navy

am

angefuhrten Orte (at the place

against

aba

a sleeveless outer

Association, American Bankers’ Association, American Bar Association, Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association, Association of British Archaeologists

not abaya,

ABAA

Associate of British Association of

abac/us

a counting frame, (archit.) a plate at the top of a column; pi. -uses

Abaddon

hell or the Devil; see also

Abailard, Peter

see

Apollyon

Abelard, Peter

abalone a shellfish a has (Fr.) down with abattoir a slaughterhouse (not (Ger.)

ital.)

Abbildung

abb. abbess, abbey, abbot

Abbasid

(of) a

member of a

dynasty of Baghdad

caliphs ruling 750-1258, not Abassid

abbe

(Fr.

m.) an ecclesiastical title (not

Abbevillian

ital.)

the culture of the earliest palaeolithic period in Europe

Abbildung/ pi. -en;

(of)

(Ger. typ.

abbr.

f.)

an illustration

(cap.),

Abb.

all risks

abbr. abbreviat/ed, -ion

abbreviat/e, -or not

-er

abbreviation in general do not use points in abbreviations with several full or small caps.: BBC, MA, QC; with numbers: 1st, 4to; of units of measurement: lb, yd (but in.), cc, mm, °C, °F. Use full points with initials of personal names (H. G. Wells) and in abbrs. with mixed upper- and lower-case letters: Sun., Jan.; and with lower-case initials; 1. 5, p. 7 (but p for pence): abbr. abbr.; see also individual entries;

ABC

the alphabet: Argentina, Brazil, and Chile; Associated British Cinemas, Audit Bureau of Circulations, Australian Broadcasting Corporation (formerly Commission)

Bureau of Current

aard/vark, -wolf different animals (one word)

ABC

abdicat/e, -ion, -or

Academiae Americanae Socius (Fellow of the

American Academy of Arts and

Affairs,

now

BCA

(insurance)

Aarhus Denmark

AAS

garment worn by Arabs;

abba

Accountants and Auditors

ABCA Army

quoted) (spaces in Ger.)

AAR

from Amateur Boxing

(Lat.)

acronym; contraction (Stores, Club)

R. artists and recording, artists and repertoire or repertory

a. a. O. (Ger.)

ABA

Abbotsinch Airport Glasgow

Aachen Germany; AAF (US) Army Air (till

ab

Abb.

(originally of ships)

AA

AAA

a vulture

AAU (US) Amateur Athletic Union AB able-bodied (seaman), Alberta, Artium Bac-

Sciences), Acta

Guide

(no points)

abecedarian

(adj.) arranged alphabetically, (noun) a person learning the alphabet

Apostolicae Sedis (Acts of the Apostolic See),

a Becket, Thomas

Agnostics’ Adoption Society

Abelard, Peter (1079-1142) French dialectician and theologian, in Fr. Pierre Abe-

A’asia Australasia

use

Thomas Becket

AC

Abendlied \

2

lard; learned spellings include Abailard and Abaelard (more authentically Abaelard);

may

editors

not impose

accept this spelling but should it

Abendlied (Ger.) an evening song (cap., ital.) Aberdeen/ Angus (two caps.), — terrier (one cap.)

and noun)

(adj.

(a

native or

cit-

izen) of Aberdeen

Abergavenny Gwent Abernethy biscuit (one Aberystwyth Dyfed, not he, she, or

(Lat.)

(Lat.)

abgekurzt

abracadabra a supposedly magic word, or charm abrege (Fr. m.) abridgement abreviation

(Fr.

abs. cap.)

Antiblockier-System (Ger.

absent;

it, is

society), abbr.

Abb.

f.

pi.

absunt

Abschnitt/

(Ger. typ. m.) section, part, chapter,

not

(cap.); pi. -e

absciss/a (math.)

Transactions (of a

pi.)

abide past tense abided

an antilocking

a swollen area accumulating pus within body tissue

-ith

abbreviated; abbr. abgk., abk.

(Ger.

n.),

absolute(ly), abstract

or division

Abhandlungen

abbreviation

f.)

abbr. abr.

abscess

from outside

(Ger.)

ABS

abode (except in

arch, usage)

pi.

-ae

abseil (noun and verb) (US)

absenter not absente reo

=

rappel

-or

the defendant being absent,

(Lat.)

abbr. abs. re.

absent-minded/ (hyphen);

-ly,

-ness

Abidjan Ivory Coast

absinth/ the plant, -e the liqueur

abigaii a lady’s maid

absit/

Abilene

what

abfme

(Fr. m.) abyss, in literary or heraldic sense use abyme', see also mise en abyme

ab incunabulis (Lat.) from the cradle Abingdon Oxon. and Va. Abington Cambs., Northants., Strathclyde, (Lat.)

from the beginning,

abjure renounce on oath; Abi.

abbr.

— intra from within

ab

ABTA

ablaut variation in the root vowel of a word

missile

four types

human aboul/ia

(A,

(hyphen, no point)

A.v.c.

in printing classical Latin texts), city (Rome),

753

Abu Simbel built by

the

site

Rameses

abusus non

tollit

take away use,

of Egyptian rock temples

II

usum

i.e. is

(Lat.)

abuse does not

no argument against

proper use

Officer, B,

— system a system of

and O) used

to classify

blood loss of will

power, not abulia;

-ic

above/-board, -mentioned, -named (hyphens)

from the egg) from the beginning, usque ad mala (Lat., from egg to apples) from (the) beginning to (the) end (Lat.,

abou-

use

abut/, -ment, -ted, -ter

about-face noun and verb (hyphen)

ab ovo/

)

BC (small caps.)

from the beginning

AB,

f division, abbr. Abt.

United Arab Emirates

from the foundation of the

cap. in Australia

Area Beat

(Ger.

—

(adj.)

(Lat.)

abest

Abu Dhabi

(but

indigenous (with initial cap., in technical sense in Australia); aborigin/es (pi. noun, for sing, use ~al) also with initial

ABO

see

ab/ uno disce omnes (Lat.) from one (sample) urbe condita, abbr. auc judge the rest;

able-bodied (hyphen)

ab origine

reo

abbr. abs.

Association of British Travel Agents

abulia

sang, sung)

Abo Swed. for Turku A-bomb atomic bomb

(not

adsorb

abt. about

adjure

abl. ablative

aboriginal

abs. re. absente

abstract

-able,

absorption, absorptive

-btion, -btive); cf.

Co.

Abteilung

ABM anti-ballistic missile ABMM anti-ballistic-missile

abbr. abs.

-ability, -ent but

(Sp.) dbril (April)

(e.g. sing,

is

absorb/ soak up, incorporate, consume;

absunt

cf.

(Lat.) let

absolutely)

Limerick; Mass.

init.\

—

him, her, or it, be absent; there be no (ill) omen, may threatened not become fact

(Lat.) let

omen

Kans., Tex.

abl initio

a spell

brake system

abett/er, in law -or

ab extra

abr. abridged, abridgement

abridgement

Aberdonian

abest

Abp. Archbishop

ABV

(law), -ting

alcohol by volume

abyme

(Fr.

m.,

lit.,

her.) not abfme; see also

en abyme abys/s a deep cavity, -mal abyssal at or of the ocean depths or (geol.) plutonic; cf abysmal

mise

floor,

Abyssinia now Ethiopia

AC

(hist.) Aircraftman, Alpine Club, Assistant Commissioner, Athletic Club, Companion of the Order of Australia

Acland

A/C

3

I

A/C account current,

in printing use acct.; air

AC anno

in the year of Christ, occa-

Christi,

Acco

based on non-standard Nativity dates from normal ad reckoning, but otherwise inadvisable because also used in the past for ante Christum (before Christ) (small caps.)

actinium (no point)

a.c.

rection

Academe

Athens sacHecademus),

originally a garden near

Academician abbr. A. Academic fran^aise (one

Academy

the Platonic school of philos-

(It.)

(mus.)

— de Juarez

Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration

Service

Catering Corps

acc. acceptance

Acca Israel, Accademia Accademia

use

(bill),

according

(to),

accusative

Acre

Academy Crusca an

(It.)

Achaemenid

(also

ing to the dynasty ruling in Persia from Cyrus 1 to Darius 111 (553-330 bc); a member of this dynasty; not Achai-

(mus.) accelerating; as noun,

abbr. accel.

accelerat/e, -or not

acceptance accessible

(1893-1971)

US

(of or concerning) the culture of the palaeolithic period following the Abbevillian and preceding the Mousterian; not -ean (Fr.)

on horseback

pi.

— tendon (no apos.)

Achin Sumatra, Indonesia; Achnashellach Highland, achy not -ey

AC Army

-er

I

ACIA

(bill)

not Atchnot

Auch-

Council Instruction

Associate of the Corporation of Insurance

Agents

abbr. acc.

and science

in law

m.) bloodthirsty fury, fero-

Acheson, Dean (Gooderham)

a cheval

a giving consent

accepo" acceptance

(Fr.

gusto

Achilles/ heel,

not -or

accelerando/

Homeric contexts) Greek Achaemenian) of or relat-

esp. in

Acheulian Italian literary

Akk-

use

accedence

AC IB

Associate of the Corporation of Insurance Brokers

-or

not -able

(Lat.)

he, she, or

it,

came

-erunt

accessory (noun and adj.) not -ary access time (comput.) acciaccatura (mus.) a grace note accidence inflections of words accidental (mus.) accidentally not

accidie

of or relating to Achaea in ancient (lit.,

diplomat

della

acced/e, -er

access! it

Institute

city;

academy

accept/er

Associate of the City and Guilds of Lon-

acharnement

ACC Army

Club of Great Britain and

Ireland

Greece, alia

accidie

Cadet Force

Arts Council of Great Britain

Achaean

unaccompanied, not

in full

use

ACGBI Automobile

don

Ar-

cappella

Acapulco/ Mexico,

acedia

ACGI

Academe

see also

Acadian of Nova Scotia (Fr. Acadie), not a capite ad calcem (Lat.) completely a cappella

(cap.)

(small

caps.); see also bce; ce

ACGB

cap.)

Acad,

(US)

not Akk-

accumulat/e, -or (two cs) accusative abbr. acc., accus. ACE after Common Era (in place of ad)

ACF Army

a learned body, abbr. A.,

Academy, the

-s;

abbr. A.-G.

acct. account, or account current

red to the hero Academus (or the site of Plato’s Academy; now refers to the academic community, world of university scholarship (cap.)

Accadian

Acre

accommodat/e, -ion (two cs, two ms) accompanist not -yist accouche/ ment, -ur, -use (ital.) account abbr. A/C, in printing use acct.

Accra Ghana,

Associate of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (or Ireland)

ACAS

CACTM)

accoutre/, -ment; not accouter

ACA

ophy;

Israel, use

Accountant-General

alternating current, author’s cor-

(elec.)

-ise

Advisory Council for the Church’s Min-

istry (formerly

sionally useful to distinguish chronologies

Ac

acclimat/e, -ize not

ACCM

conditioning (also a/c)

-tly

listlessness

acid rain (two words) near;

pi.

ACII Associate of the Chartered Insurance

Insti-

tute

ACIS

Associate of the Institute of Chartered

Secretaries

ack-ack

and Administrators

anti-aircraft gun, fire, etc. (hyphen)

ackee a tropical tree, fruit, not akacknowledgement not -ledgment (US) Acland, Sir Antony Arthur (b. 1930) British diplomat

ACLU

adjudicator

4

I

ACLU

American

ACMA

Associate of the Institute of Cost and

Union

Civil Liberties

a.d. ante diem (before the day)

Management Accountants acolyte

A9ores

not

adagio/ (mus.) slow;

Azores

acoustics (noun (noun

sing.)

the science of sound,

acoustic properties

pi.)

ACP

Associate of the College of Preceptors; Association of Clinical Pathologists; Association of Correctors of the Press, part of NGA

acquit/, -tal

-tance (settlement of

(verdict),

debt)

Acre

Israel; not

acre

abbr. a.

Acca, Acco

laser,

a

of

initials, as Anzac,

scuba, pron. as words; see also abbre-

Society, Association

Commonwealth Students and Administrators

Secretaries

act. active

ADD

actinomy/ces

(bot.) pi.

actionnaire

(Fr.

active abbr.

a.,

American Dialect Dictionary

acts of a play

pi. -a

(not

titles,

A

when

not -eable

cited, to

Scene

be in

when

ii,

a

italic;

number

but ‘in the

Association of Cinematograph, Teleand Allied Technicians

vision

ad eundem {gradum) at

(Fr.

(hist.)

(Lat.) to

the

same degree

another university

a deux/

(Fr.)

ad/ extra

— temps see

of (or between) two,

(Lat.)

f

f.)

present state

-le

present

ad/

hominem

Aircraftwoman

to fear

(small caps.); see also bc, ce

ad advertisement

(no point)

—

adios

to the (interests of the) person,

— idem to the same (point)

pi. -s

ad interim

misunderstanding

an outward direction;

— hunc locum on this passage, abbr. (not

ad infinitum

AD (anno Domini) precedes numerals, but follows numbers written as words: ‘ad 250’, ‘16 July AD 622’, ‘the first century ad’; use only when using BC dates as well, or where there is

some other reason

a.h.l.;

adieu/

darling

in

extremum to the last; — finem near the end, abbr. ad fin.’, — hanc vocem at this word ad hoc for this (purpose) (roman) personal;

(Ir.)

— pen-

valse

act’

(Fr.)

caps.),

63

for Act only I,

not ador-, -ossed

(her.)

(play)

Acts of Parliament (two caps.) Acts of Sederunt (Sc. law) Acts of the Apostles (NT) abbr. Acts

ACW

be added,

Adenauer, Konrad (1876-1967) German statesman. Chancellor of W. Germany 1949-

m.) shareholder

follows: Hamlet, Act

acushia

to

ital.)

Adelie/ Land Antarctica (two guin (one cap.)

-cetes

act.

in text use cap.

actuelj

Nobel Peace Prize 1931

writer,

Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge

adducible

actor (person) but one-acter

actualite

unsound argu-

Addams,/ Charles (Samuel) (1912-88) US cartoonist; — Jane (1860-1935) US social worker

addorsed

actinium symbol Ac

ACTT

to catch the

(Lat.,

tion

hormone

-ae

(zool.) pi.

second

aide-de-camp, analogue-digital converter

additive (something) in the nature of an addimyth.) a hunter

(Gr.

adrenocorticotrophic

actini/a

from date

(Lat.)

addio (It.) goodbye Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Australian Capital Territory

ACTH

not adaption (US)

a data

addend/um something

Associate of the Institute of Chartered

Actaeon

(person), -or (device)

adaptation

and

American Chemical

ACT

Lanka

Sri

adapt/able, -er

ments

word formed from

viation; contraction

ACSA

pi. -s

(1767-1848) his son. President 1825-9

Adam’s Peak

rabble) claptrap, applied to

acrylic (chem.)

ACS

noun,

as

ad captandum vulgus

(propr.)

acronym

programming

Adams,/ Ansel (Easton) (1902-84) US photographer; — John (1735-1826) US statesman, President 1797-1801; — John Quincy

ADC

acriflavine an antiseptic, not -vin

Acrilan

(propr. comput.) a real-time

language

-ite

(Port.)

Ada

(Sp.)

ital.);

(Lat.) to

(Lat.)

in

Fr.

adieu,

infinity (not

meanwhile, abbr. ad

goodbye (not

ital.,

State, part

adieux

int.

no accent)

Adirondack Mountains

New York

pi.

ital.)

a mountain range in of the Appalachians, not

-dac

Adj. Adjutant Adj. Gen. Adjutant General

ad. adapted, adapter (point)

adjectiv/e abbr.

a., adj.; -al, -ally

a.d. after date

adjudicator not

-er

aegis

adjure

5

|

adjure charge or request or earnestly;

adjutage

person) solemnly

(a

abjure

cf.

a nozzle, not

adscriptus glebae

(adj.)

— General

helpful, auxiliary; (noun)

an

Adler, Alfred (1870-1937) Austrian psy-

ad/

noun, and verb)

adj libitum

— litem appoin-

ted for a lawsuit

ad locum pi.

ad

or at the place, abbr. ad loc., locos, abbr. ad locc. (abbr. not ital.)

Adm. Admiral, Admiralty admin short for administration lateral

(no point)

evidence of the contents of a missing

abbr.

not -atable

Adm., in

Fr.

ad misericordiam

(Lat.)

not -able, but

-rix abbr.

amirjal see

pi.

admix.

-aux

(Lat.)

admonitor/

not

MOD

ad valorem adverb/,

adverse

adversus

-ize;

-or;

ad/ vitam aut

manner of

until fault,

ad voc. (not

land

American Depository Receipt for further con-

— rem to the point

adyt/um the innermost

to the right

Award

poet, playwright,

=

and journalist copper

(Lat. aes)

Atomic Energy Authority

Aeaea (Gr. myth.) an island inhabited by Circe AEC Army Educational Corps (now RAEC), (US) Atomic Energy Commission

(since

1975

ERDA) aedile not

e-

Aegean Sea

(Fr.)

part of an ancient

A.E. or AE (originally and properly /E) pseud, of George (William) Russell (1867-1935) Irish

adresse a droite

(ital.)

not adz (US)

Air Efficiency

AEF

Edirne

advocate

-s

pi. -a

adrenalin not -ine; in US, adrenaline is the hormone. Adrenalin (propr.) the synthetic drug address

(Lat.) devil’s

advt/., -s. advertisement,

AEA ital.)

lifetime or

use s.v.

JE (numismatics)

ad patres (Lat.) deceased (not ad personam (Lat.) personal

(Lat.) for

— vivum lifelike

advocatus diaboli

adze

processing

-ory

culpam

advocaat a liqueur advocate abbr. adv. Advocate General abbr. AG Advocates, Faculty of (law) the Bar of Scot-

temple,

adenosine diphosphate, automatic data

use

contrary or hurtcf. averse,

-ize

ADP

(Fr. f.)

to)

against, abbr. adv.

(Lat.)

advertise not

AE

Adrianople

by

‘adverse reaction to the drug’;

-able not -eable

not -eable

sideration,

word, verbatim

advis/er not

-y

(Lat.)

to a

(Lat.)

(often followed

admittable

not -or

ad/ referendum

ad

-ially abbr. adv.

ad verbum

Adorno, Theodor (Wiesengrund) (1903-69) German philosopher, sociologist, and musicologist; b. Theodor Wiesengrund adorsed, adossed (her.) use addorsed

ADR

according to value, abbr.

(Lat.)

abbr. ad, advt.; pi. ads, advts.

ado work, trouble (one word) adobe a form of sun-dried brick (not ital.) Adonai (Heb.) the Lord; see also Yahweh Adonais Keats, in P. B. Shelley’s elegy, 1821 Adonis (Rom. m3dih.) a youth beloved of Venus adorable

advocate

-ially;

adversus (against)

(Lat.)

advis/e not

admor. administrator ad nauseam (Lat.) to a sickening degree ital.), not -um

adopter

us.

advertisement

after the

-er,

— unum omnes — usum according to custom,

(Lat.) perfectly;

appealing to pity

admix, administratrix

ad modum

present

aversion

Admiralty, the abbr. Adm.;

admissible

adv.

ful:

administrat/or abbr. admor.,

Admiral

ad

abbr.

am

val.

a thing that helps, (Sc. law) col-

document administrable

1

man;

to a

adv. adverb,

(Lat.) to

adminicle

to the soil (of

not -er

unguem

all,

at pleasure,

(Lat.)

(Lat.)

adulator

chologist lib (adv.,

bound

adsor/b hold as condensation a gas, liquid, or solute on the surface of a solid; -bable, -pent, -ption; cf. absorb

adsum

adjuvant person or thing

ad

(Lat.)

serfs)

aj-

Adjutant/ abbr. Adj. (cap. as rank); (two words) abbr. AG, Adj. Gen.

adjuvant

A.d.S. Academie des Sciences

American or Australian) ExpedAmalgamated Union of Engineering and Foundry Workers Allied (or

itionary Force,

the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey

aegis

a shield, protection; not

e-

AFV

aegrotat \

6

aegrot/at he or she is ill examination candidate thus awarded),

AEI Associated

that an or the degree

(a certificate is ill,

-ant

pi.

Electrical Industries

AFAS

iElfric (C.955-C.1010) English writer, also called

in the 17th-18th cc.

^Elfthryth (c.945-c.l000) wife of King Edgar and mother of Ethelred the Unready

Aelia Laelia an insoluble riddle

Associate of the Faculty of Architects and Surveyors

AFC Air Force Cross, Association Football Club AFDCS (UK) Association of First Division Civil Servants

FDA)

(cf.

aff. affirmative, affirming

/Ella a tragic interlude by Chatterton, 1768-9

Aemilius

Faculty of Actuaries

Afars and Issas, French territory of the formerly French Somaliland, now Djibuti

/Elfred prefer Alfred

Grammaticus

AF audio frequency AFA Associate of the

a character in Shakespeare’s Titus

affaire affaire

busy (accent)

(Fr.)

d’amour

(Fr. f.)

love affair

Andronicus

affaire (de cceur) affair of the heart

Aeneas, Aeneid Aeolian, Aeolic

aeon

not

eon (except in

aepyornis

aequales (in

affaire d’honneur duel (caps.) not E-

affenpinscher a small breed of dog (not afferent (physiol.) conducting inwards or towards

(zool.) not epi-, epy-

equal (pi. adj.), (pi. noun) equals age or performance); abbr. aeq.

AERA

(Lat.)

Associate Engraver, Royal

aerate

Academy

AERI

Agricultural Economics Research Institute (Oxford)

-ize

-gramme,

-ical, -ics not ae-

aero/nomy, -phagy, -phone (one word) aeroplane (US airplane) superseded by aircraft in some contexts aerosol not air-

aerospace (one word) aeruginous of the nature or colour of verdigris Aeschylus (525-456 bc) Greek playwright Aesculapi/us Latin form of the Greek god Asclepius, -an of or relating to medicine or physicians; not E-

names of the gods

collective

in Scan-

dinavian mythology

aesthete,

c.

bc)

aet. or aetat. anno

e-

(US)

aetatis suae (of age,

meanings e-

(not

ital.)

Air Force Medal

a fond/

(Fr.)

in depth, in detail, thoroughly

au fond)\ — de train at full speed aforethought (one word) a fortiori with stronger reason, not

a (not

(cf.

ital.)

Afr. Africa, -n

A.F.R.Ae.S. Associate Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society

afreet a

demon

in

Muslim mythology;

not afrit,

efreet

African-American (adj. and noun) term preferred in most contexts to e.g. black (q.v.) or Afro-American

Africander a

S.

African breed of cattle or sheep;

not Afrikander, Afrikaner

S.

African Dutch language, abbr.

Afrik.

Afrikaner an Afrikaans-speaking white aged;

S.

African, formerly -cander; not -caner

after/birth, -care (one word)

use atheling

aetiology not

Afghan,

abbr.

aficionado/ an enthusiast for a sport or hobby,

Afrikaans a

etc. not e-

in ail

a blanket or

Afridi a people of Cent. Asia

Greek fable-writer

aestiv/al, -ation not

aetheling

Afghanistan

AFM

-elasticity, -foii,

-logy (one word)

(6th

(cap.),

cap.)

Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (hyphen)

use airfield

aero/dynamics,

Aesir the

shawl (not

AFL-CIO American

aer/ify, -obic not ae-

aeronaut/,

hound

a breed of

afield (one word)

aerie use eyrie

aerodrome

Afghan

pi. -s

aerial not ae-

use e-

(US)

Aetna use Etna Amalgamated Engineering Union

AEU AEU

affidavit abbr. afft.

affranchise not

Atomic Energy Research Establishment (Harwell), now UKAEA

aether

affettuoso (mus.) with feeling

etc. not ae-

AERE

Aesop

ital.)

scientific use)

(TASS) Technical, Administrative, and Supervisory Section of the AEU

after/-effect,

-image (hyphens, one word

US)

afternoon

abbr. aft., p.m.

after/shave, -taste, -thought (one word) after-wit

AFV

see

esprit

de

I’escalier

armoured fighting vehicle

in

AG

7

AG

AH anno

Adjutant General, Air Gunner, (Ger.) company). Attorney General (of

Colonies)

Aganippides

AHA

ahem

(two words)

agenda/

list

formally,

pi. -a

orated; see also

numerals

use

or

a huis clos

more

ital.) pi.

-s

for specific ages: ‘a girl of

literary contexts, ‘a

aggrandize aging

(It.)

man

of

bringing up to date

not -ise

AGM

the symbol g, or the sound represented

it

form

lit.

a.h.v.

(Lat.)

ad banc vocem

Ahvenanmaa

(Fin.)

(at this

word)

Aland Islands

Al American Institute, Anthropological tute, artificial insemination, artificial

Insti-

intel-

ligence

AIAA

Architect Member of the Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors

AIAC

Associate of the Institute of Company Accountants, Association internationale

AIAS

agnostic/, -Ism (not

a gogo

Surveyor Member of the Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors

cap.)

in abundance, e.g. ‘whisky a gogo’ (two

words, not

ital.) (in

agonize

not -ise

agouti a

S.

agreeable

in

Fr.

agriculturist not

agrimony

agronomy

US, a-go-go, no accent)

American rodent;

not

-y,

agu-

agreable

agric. agricultur/e,

-al, -ist

-alist

(hot.)

rural

economy

Associate of the Guildhall School of '

Music agt. agent

Agt®

in private

(Old Pers.) the Zoroastrian spirit

d’archeologie classique

agnail use hangnail

AGSM

Incorp-

lAHM

lysis

Meeting by

Ahmed-,

-er

Advisory Group Meeting, Annual General

agma

India; not

Institute of Aeronautics, American Institute of Architects, Associate of the Institute of Actuaries, automated image ana-

agitato (mus.) hurried agitator not

and

AIA American

ageing (except in US)

use

Jain-

of good; not the many variants, although Ormuzd (Middle Pers.) is a common later and

pro

forty’, ‘a three-year-old’

aggiornamento

(Fr.)

Ahura Mazda

‘a

forties’; in

and

in the Hindu, Buddhist,

Ahmadu Bello University Nigeria AHMI Association of Headmistresses,

of items for discussion, pi. -s; (things to be done) is

3-year-old girl’, not ‘a girl of 3 years old’; but write ‘in his fortieth year’, ‘in his 3’,

(Skt.)

Amed-

agent abbr. agt. Agent General abbr. A-G

ages

ha ha

a.h.l. (Lat.) ad hunc locum (on this passage)

agism, agist

agent/ provocateur (not vocateurs

see also

to attract attention,

tradition, respect for all living things

Ahmad/abad, -nagar

agend/um

preferred,

be!’

avoidance of violence towards others

not agi- (US) -ist not

of surprise;

an interjection used

ahimsa

to the left

age/ism,

cannot

gain time, or express disapproval a love-feast,

ist

age group

it

Historical Association

divine love (one word) (Fr.)

‘Ah, no,

American Heart Association, American

aha an exclamation

(the) (Gr. myth.) alternative

name for the Muses agape gaping, open-mouthed;

ageing

era; precedes the

!

end of the sentence:

Ag argentum (silver) (no point) Agadah use HaggaAga Khan the leader of Ismaili Muslims

a gauche

Muslim

number (small caps.); see also hegira ah when it stands alone, takes an exclamation mark (!); as part of a sentence usually followed by a comma, the being placed at the year

Aktiengesellschafi (public limited

A-G Accountant-General, Agent-General

Hegirae, the

aiguillette I

(Sp.) agosto

(August)

Aguascalientes a city and state, Mexico Agulhas, Cape S. Africa, not L’Aaguti use agou-

AIB

Associate of the Institute of Bankers

AlCC AlCS

All India

Congress Committee

Associate of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers

AID Army

Intelligence Department, insemination by donor

artificial

Aida an opera by Verdi, 1871 (no diaeresis) aide-de-camp abbr. ADC, pi. aides-de-camp (not

ital.)

aide-memoire

aid to memory, pi. aides-memoires or (properly) aide-memoires (not ital.); in Fr. m. aide-memoire, pi. same

Aids acquired immune deficiency syndrome (one cap.); AIDS (four caps.) in technical use aigrette a spray; not aiguiiiette

(Fr. f.)

ei-, -et;

see also

egret

a thin slice of meat, not an-

AIH

albino

8

I

AIH

Ailesbury,

Ajax pi. Ajaxes ajutage use adj-

insemination by husband

artificial

ailj (Fr. m.) garlic; -e (Fr.

Marquess

f.)

bird’s

wing

AK

of; see also Ayl-

Alaska (postal

aka

aimable

AKC

amiable

(Fr.)

A.I.Mech.E. Associate of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers A.I.Min.E. Associate of the Institution of Mining Engineers

AIMM

Associate of the Institution of Mining

Associate of the Institute of Municipal Treasurers and Accountants a dep. of France

(Fr.) f.

its

-te

f.

younger

bag,

Air

see also

Ayre

— bed, — bladder

(cap., propr.,

Commodore

an Arabic (hyphen)

al-

ALA

(two words)

a

one word)

air condition/, -ed, -er, -ing (two words)

(one word),

Air Force, Royal

not aircrafts- (one

terrier;

Baron

—

see

Navy, Army, and Air

abbr.

-mail (one word)

use aircraft or

aeroplane

an

(adj.,

table d’hote not Alladin

aircraft (one

russe

in the Russian style (not cap.)

(Fr.) it

abbr.

AK; baked

— (one cap.)

word)

albedo/

when

part of name)

Aachen Aix-les-Bains (hyphens)

Fr.

aubade

(not

ital.)

name

Alb.; -n (of or related people or language) of Albania

a fraction of radiation refiected, pi. -s

Albee, Edward (Franklin)

(b.

1928)

US

play-

wright

not H-, edge-

Aix-la-Chapelle (hyphens) the

for

Albania/ republic, abbr. to) (the

not eyot (cap.

use Alta,

alba Provencal

Alban, formerly the signature of the Bishop of St Albans (point), now St Albans: (colon)

a dep. of France

Ajaccio Corsica

Ahvenanmaa

—

la

Alba. Alberta,

h)^hens)

aitchbone (one word)

in Fin.

alarm/ not alarum except in ‘alarums and clock (two words) excursions’,

Alaska/ postal

Associate of the Incorporated Secretaries

islet,

AL

Alb. Albania, -n

Association

ait

abbr. Ala., postal

off.

carte (a meal) that may be ordered from a wide range of available dishes (not ital.); see

!

MOD

air/ship, -sick, -space, -tight (one word)

Aisne

(off. abbr.)

stands alone, takes an exclamation mark (!); as part of a sentence, usually followed by a comma, the being placed at the end of the sentence: ‘Alas, it is true!’

air raid (two words)

airworthy of

used in proper names

la

alas when

AG

airport (one word)

AISA

letter

a la maitre dhotel

Aladdin

a

Air Ministry now in

air-to-air

article,

Aland Islands Baltic Sea, a la page (Fr.) up to date

word)

airgun (one word)

airplane (US)

a

— carrier

Force

air/lift, -line,

autograph

Aianbrooke, Viscount (one word)

air/field, -flow (one

Gunner

describing a

(Fr., in the manner of); the la does not need to agree with the gender of the person or thing to which it refers: d la

also

-woman

Airedale/ W. Yorks.; a

Air

when

la short for d la mode

Alabama

aircraft/man, word)

Almaty

public limited

Associate of the Library Association

reine,

Com-

modore pi.

(postal abbr.),

Ala. Alabama

abbr. Air Cdre; see also

aircraft/ sing, and (two words)

f.)

aquavit except

AL Alabama

air/borne, -brick (one word)

Airbus

use

(Ger.

Ai aluminium (no point)

Associate of the Institute of Quantity Surveyors

air/

Acc-

use

cap. of Kazakhstan, formerly

Aktiengesellschaft company, abbr. AG

AIQS

Point of Clwyd;

alias)

specific (e.g. Scandinavian) variety

A.Inst.P. Associate of the Institute of Physics

Air,

an

in ancient Babylonia, or Semitic language; not Acc-

akvavit

-ee elder, senior; opp. to puine,

puinee or cadet/,

as (used before

akee use ackakimbo (one word) Akkadian of Akkad

^ain (Arab.) prefer ^ayn

ainje

Knight of the Order of

Associate of King’s College (London)

Akmoia

AIMTA Ain

known

also

Akkra Ghana,

and Metallurgy

abbr.),

Australia

A.I.Loco.E. Associate of the Institute of Locomotive Engineers

for

albeit though (one word, not

Albigens/es a 12th-13th albin/o

c.;

pi. -os,

S.

ital.)

French Manichaean

sect,

-Ian f.

-ess; -Ism not -oism; -otic

Alborg

9

Alkestis |

Alborg Dan.

for

alexandrine

Aalborg

album/en the

natural white of an egg, -in chief constituent: adj. -inous

Albuquerque Albury

its

Front

(b.

c.620 bc)

Greek

lyric

Alfa-Romeo an

alcahest

alcaic a form of verse metre in four-line stan-

alcalde

(in

Spain) a magistrate,

mayor

(Sp.)

palace, fortress, bazaar

not

ital.)

Alg. Algernon, Algiers

alg/a

-ae (not

(bot.) pi.

algebra

ALGOL

Alceste an opera by Gluck, 1767

ital.)

abbr. alg.

(comput.) Algorithmic Language

Alcestis not Alk-

algology

alcheringa (Aboriginal myth.) the ‘dream-

Algonkian

time’ or golden age

when

the

first

ancestors

were created

Alcibiades

Associate of the use

London College of Music

(geol.)

US term

for the Proterozoic

era large group of Native American Indian tribes or their languages: *n (of or concerning) one people in this group or their language, a dialect of Ojibwa; not -nki-

Koran

(Gr. myth.) daughter of Aeolus and wife of Ceyx, not Hal-; see also halcyon

Aldborough Norfolk, N. Yorks. Aldbrough Humberside Aldbury Herts. Aldeburgh Suffolk al dente cooked but not soft (not Alderbury Wilts.

Algonquin Round Table the name given

to

the informal meetings of a group of literary wits at the Algonquin Hotel (New York City),

mainly 1920-40 alguacil a mounted

official at a bullfight in Spain, a constable or officer of justice in Sp.-speaking countries: not -zil (not ital.)

ital.)

Alhambr/a

a Moorish palace at Granada;

-esque alia

Alderman abbr. Aid. Aldermaston Berks.

other things

(Lat. pi.)

alias/ (adv. and noun)

Alderney Channel Islands, in Fr. Aurigny AldEborontiphoscophornia character in

pi.

-es

alibi/ (noun) pi. -s

alienator not

-er

Aligarh Uttar Pradesh, India

Chrononhotonthologos (adj.)

(bot.)

Algonqui/an of a

not Alk-

Alcyone

Aldine

adv.) (one v/ord,

Algarve, (the) Portugal

Bay, Calif.

Alcoran

and

(adj.

Alfreton Derby.

governor, jailer

Alcatraz a former US prison, San Francisco

alcazar

Som.

abbr. A., Alf.

alfresco

zas (Sp. m.)

Lines.,

Alfred ‘the Great’ (849-99) King of Wessex;

use alka-

alcaide

make of car (hyphen)

Italian

Alford Grampian,

poet

ALCM

Liberation Front, Arab Liberation

(Iraq)

machine)

Surrey

Alcaeus of Mytilene

ALF Animal

Alf Automatic Letter Facer (Post Office sorting

N. Mex.

Herts., Oxon.,

a metrical line of verse having six

iambic feet

Albrighton Shropshire

printed by the Manutius family,

who introduced italic type Aldis lamp a hand lamp for

Alighieri the family align/,

signalling

-ment

alii (Lat. pi.)

name

of Dante

not aline

other people

Aldsworth Glos., W. Sussex Aldus Manutius printer, see Manutius Aldworth Berks.

A-line (of a garment) having a narrow waist or shoulders and flared skirt (cap., hyphen)

aleatoric depending on the throw of a die or

aline use -ign

on chance: not -ory except in music and the arts, where it describes stochasticism

Aiecto

(Gr.

m Ah.) 5

one of the three Furies

alef (Heb.) a smooth-breathing mark (’), t5q) 0 ' graphically largely equivalent to the Arab.

hamza vr

Gr. lenis

(ital.):

not -eph

alimentative/, -ness not alimentive, -ness

aiinea

Alipur India, Pakistan Alitalia the Italian national airline

aiijus

alehouse (one word) Alen9on lace (cedilla)

Aiiwal

Aleutian Islands Bering Sea

alkali/

A

level ‘advanced

hyphen)

level’

(Lat. E.

alkahest

examination (no

m.) paragraph

(Fr.

Alipore India

m.) another person,

Punjab, India;

S.

not alca-

pi. -s

alkalize not

pi. -/

Africa

-ise

Alkestis, Alkibiades use Ale-

Alkoran

Althing

10

|

Alkoran

Koran

use

alia

breve

alia

cappella (mus.)

all

(mus.) two or four

minims

in bar

alluvi/um

a cappella

use

Allahabad Uttar Pradesh, India Allah corruption of Arab. Id ilaha There is no god but God (Muslim prayer and war cry) II

Allan-a-Dale a companion of Robin Hood and minstrel hero *

allargando (mus.) broad, spread out allee

(Fr.

f

avenue

alley,

)

Pa.

Allegheny US mountains,

and

river,

airline

allegretto/ (mus.) fairly brisk; as noun, allegro/ (mus.) brisk, merry; as noun,

pi. -s

pi. -s

allele one of the alternative forms of a gene; not

-1,

allemande the name of several German dances Allen, (William) Hervey (1889-1949) US novHarvey

not

pi. -a

almanac but Oxford Almanack, Almanack Almanach de Gotha an annual

Whitaker’s

publication giving information about European royalty, nobility, and diplomats, published in Gotha 1763-1944; a smaller-scale version was revived in Paris in 1968 (ital.)

Alma-Tadema,

Sir

Lawrence

(1836-1912)

Dutch-born English painter

Almaty former

cap. of Kazakhstan

Almighty, the cap. except when used

attrib-

almighty bang’

Almondbury W. Yorks. Almondsbury Avon almucantar not almaAinmouth Northumb. Alnwick Northumb.

Allendale Northumb.

alodium

allerg/y a sensitivity to certain foods, pollens,

A.L.O.E. A Lady of England, pseud, of Charlotte M. Tucker (1821-93)

etc.; -ic

alleviator not

Alleynian All Fools’

(Ger.)

use allod-

a I’outrance

-er

member of Dulwich College Day (caps., no hyphen)

ALP

a

allgemein

general

(adj.);

use

a entrance

Australian Labor Party

Aipes-de-Haute-Provence

a dep. of France

(hyphens)

abbr. allg.,

Alpes-Maritimes

aligm.

All-Hallows hyphen)

a dep. of France

Alphaeus the father of Apostle James ‘the Less’ alphanumeric (comput.) of instructions con-

All Saints’ Day, 1 Nov. (caps.,

Allhallows Kent (one word)

taining alphabetic, numerical, and other

allineation alignment, not alin-

characters (one word)

Allingham, Margery (1904-66) English novelist

allodium an

estate held in absolute ownership,

allot/,

(Fr.) let

alpha/ the

—

-ment, -table, -ted, -ting

ottava (mus.) an octave higher than

ready completely or

writ-

(cap.)

already

(adv.)

(prep.,

two words)

-er

round the

(adj.,

hyphen)

Day

1

(‘an all-round

man’)

signed

le

Dale Derby,

(four words)

Alta. Alberta, Canada; not Alba,

ego

(not

alter

~

Souls’ Souls College Oxford (no apos.), Souls’ Eve 1 Nov. (caps., no Day 2 Nov.,

hyphens)

Alsop en

alter/

Nov.

all/seed, -spice (one word) All

letter

Alsace-Lorraine (hyphen)

alt. alternative, altitude (point)

noun

All Saints’

right

Alsirat (Arab.) the bridge to paradise (‘all

Wrekin’) all-round/

all

Associate of the Linnean Society, auto-

cf.

already

round

ALS

graph entirely prepared;

all right not alright, all-right all

{A, a);

knew

us go!, come!

ten, abbr. all’ ott. all

of the Gr. alphabet

— ray (two words)

Alpinist

alright use all’

first letter

particle,

before the time in question (I that already), as early or as soon as this (already at the age of 6); cf. all ready

not alo-

allons!

or

(in Fr.)

utively, e.g. ‘an

-lomorph

alleluia Lat. form (also liturgical) for Heb. and biblical hallelujah

elist,

body) but altogether

university

illa’llah,

Allegany Pittsburgh,

(in a

Alma-Ata former Russian name of Almaty almacantar use almuAlma Mater fostering mother, one’s school

Alladin use Aladdin

Allah

together

(entirely)

—

(Lat.)

one’s second

self, pi.

— egos

ital.)

idem another

Altesse

(Fr.

f.),

self

Altezza

(It.)

Highness

Althing the Icelandic Parliament, in Alpingi

Icel.

amok

Althorpe

11

|

Ameer

Althorpe Humberside

— Library, — Park

Althorp/ House, Northants.

Althusser, Louis (1918-90) French philosopher altitude abbr.

use only

amend

correct an error,

ments;

amende! honorabie

alt.

alto/ (mus.)

pi. -s,

abbr. A.

altogether

see all

together

alto-relievo/ high relief, sion of It. alto rilievo

pi. -s;

Anglicized ver-

Albert Medal, amplitude modulation, Artium Magister (US Master of Arts), Ave Maria (Hail, Mary!), Member of the Order of Australia (caps.)

the year of the world) (small

monii

fine or

punish

arbi-

-ement, -iable

trarily;

(of or relating to) a member of the aboriginal peoples of America or their descendants or languages; prefer Native American

American Indian

not -ise

American plan (US) = American Revolution

board

full

(US)

(of hotels)

= War of Amer-

ican Independence

caps.)

Am

americium (no point)

Am.

America, -n (Lat.)

America’s Cup, the

ante meridiem (before noon) (lower

American Management/Marketing/Med-

ical/Missionary Association: Assistant Masters’ Association, now

AMMA

amadavat

use

a child’s nurse, esp. in the Far East and India (not ital.)

a merveiiie

AMG(OT)

Government (Second World War)

the official language of Ethiopia friendly

and pleasant in temFr. aimable

amic/us curiae

peaceable; in

India, not Umbal(l)a

Fr.

or done amiable

ambassad/or f. -ress ambergris a waxy secretion from

amidships

the intestine of the sperm whale, used in perfumery

ambiance

Fr. spelling of ambience, used in English esp. of accessory details in a work of art (ital.)

-cy); see also

ambiance

curiae (not

ital.)

cap.

see also

when Ameer

Emir;

Kingsley (1922-97) English nov-

poet;

— Martin

1949) his son,

(b.

English novelist (of or relating to) a strict

US Mennonite

sect

amblyop/ia impaired

AMMA

vision, -ic

Amboina

Indonesia, properly (except in hist, contexts)

Ambon;

not -oyna

name

wood

(Ind.) a suffix

belongs to a

and

Mistresses’

AMA used to indicate that a

woman,

e.g.

Dr

E. K.

Ammal

ad majorem Dei gloriam

ameba use amoeba Amedabad, Amednagar (Fr.)

Assistant Masters’

Association, formerly

Ammal

of decorative

(for

the greater

India; use

Ahmad-

a ‘cat’s-paw’, a devoted

‘damned

Amman

Jordan

Ammergau Bavaria ammeter for measuring

glory of God)

(lit.

(Sir)

and

Amish

ambivalen/t, -ce

-i

forming part of the name; elist

the surroundings (not

pi.

not -ship (one word)

amigo (Sp.) friend (not ital.) amino acid (chem., two words) Amir (in Arab, ’amir) Arabic title, Amis,/

not -erous

in a friendly spirit,

a friend of the court, a dis-

interested adviser;

adherent

Occu-

amiable

Ambala

ame damnee

(of

Amharic

amicable showing

amboyna a type ambry use aum-

wonderfully

perfectly,

(Fr.)

Allied Military

amanuens/is pi. -es amateur abbr. A.

ambience

Indian;

-ic

perament, likeable: in

not -ech, -eck

ambidextrous

and

americium symbol Am Amerind/ (also Amerindian) American

pied Territory)

ava-

amah

Amalek

a yachting race

trophy

case, points)

AMDG

‘from board and bed’, cf. a vinculo matri-

Amer. American amerc/e (law) punish by

Americanize

A.-M. Alpes-Maritimes

AMA

(Lat.)

legal separation, not thoro;

istry,

a.m.

honourable repar-

(Fr. f.)

honorables

a mensa et tore

aluminium symbol Al (no point) not -num (US) alumn/us pi. -i; f -a, pi. -ae; abbr. alum. AM Academy of Management, air mail. Air Min-

(in

make minor improve-

emend

cf.

ation, pi. -s

AM anno mundi

with reference to British India; titles, Emir for Turkish

Amir for Arabic and Indian titles

use

soul’)

amoeb/a

pi.

a moitie

(Fr.)

amok

not

-as (not

electric current

ital.),

half

amuck, amock

not

ame-

Janaki

Amoor

and/or

12

|

Amoor

Amur

use

analects

amorett/o (It. m.) amortize not -ise

Amos

analog (comput.) the use of physical

(Fr.)

to represent

self-respect,

proper pride

-log (US): see also

analys/e,

physicist (accent)

and lexicographic work, in Acts of Parliament, and in business names. Since it may imply a closer relationship than and, the ampersand can be useful in grouping items: ‘cinnamon & raisin and onion’ are two,

erences,

not three, types of bagels. However, in general and. For &c. use etc., except when reproducing antique typography

prefer

(med.) a synthetic drug used

member

(zool.) a

a vehicle adapted for land

amphor/a a jar, pi. -ae ampoule a glass container

of the Amphibia:

and water

-er, -is pi. -es, abbr. anal.: not -lyze

(US)

analyst analytic/, -al abbr. anal.

Anam

use

anastase use anatanastomos/is communication by cross-connections,

anastrophe

for

hypodermic

anatomize anatta

amuck

(1872-1928) Norwegian

ANB ANC

use

Amur

not

with

-ana a

sayings, collective

pi.:

or sing,

denoting anecdotes or other pub-

lications concerning, as Shakespeariana, Vic-

toriana (gram.) a sentence or con-

struction that lacks grammatical sequence (e.g. ‘while in the garden the door banged shut’), pi. -a: -ic: not

-outhon, -kolouthon,

-koluthon c.

Greek poet, abbr. Anacr.

bc)

anacreontic (noun and after the

adj.) (a

manner of Anacreon,

amatory in tone: a

anaesthetist

poem

-c

thesiologist: in the

= (US) USA an

and

form

if a

admin-

anesanesthetist

may

be either a nurse or a doctor with a subordinate role

anaesthetize

not ane- (US), -ise

anal, analog/y, -ous: analys/e,

anct.

feminine form

is

required, use

anchor/ite hermit, not

-er, -is:

use

ancien regime

-et:

-etic

ank(Fr.

m.) the old order of things

(not caps.): of France before 1789 (caps.) abbr. anc., not anct.

Ancient Mariner, Rime of the

a

poem by

Coleridge, 1798

Ancient Order

of/

Druids

abbr.

Foresters abbr. AOF,

AOD,

Hibernians

AOH

Ancrene/ Wisse also called — Riwie, not Ancren Andalusia a region of Spain, in Sp. Andalucia andante (mus.) moving easily, steadily andantino/ (mus.) rather quicker {formerly but erroneously slower) than andante: as noun,

(US)

a doctor specializing in

istering anaesthetics

written)

convivial

classical verse

anaemi/a, -c not anemi/a, anaerob/e, -ic

-al

African National Congress, Army Nurse Corps, Australian Newspapers Council

abbr.

(6th

annatto

(bot.) use

ancient

anacoluth/on

Anacreon

dissect, not -ise

anchylosis

pi. -s

suffix

article),

-ress, not -rix

Anglo-Norman, autograph note

ana/ anecdotes or

an

American National Biography

ancest/or

-e

not anast-

(not used with

-ical, -ist abbr. anat.

anc. ancient, not

Siberia, not -oor

amygdalin

AN

Pole 1911

S.

-ical

pi. -s: -tize

amt. amount

explorer,

pi. -es: -ist

the inversion of the usual

(rhet.)

anat. anatom/y,

anatom/y,

amok Amundsen, Roald

syllables,

not -pest (US)

Umritsur

India, not

Annam

anamorphos/is pi. -es anapaest (prosody) a foot of three

anatase a mineral, anathema/ a curse

dose: not -pule (US), -pul

Amritsar

or parallel thing, not

analog

order of words or clauses

stimulant

esp. as a

variables

digital

cf.

-y abbr. anal,

(1775-1836) French

ampere an electric unit of current (no accent): abbr. A (sing, and pi.) or amp (no point) ampersand = &, used in some formulae, ref-

amphibian

analog/ous,

numbers:

analogue an analogous

amperage, ampere, amplifier

Ampere, Andre Marie

amphetamine

analecta) a collection of short

(also

literary extracts

-/

do not abbreviate

(OT)

amour-propre

amp

a cupid, pi.

analytic,

pi. -s

Andersen, Hans Christian (1805-75) Danish writer

Andhra Pradesh an Indian Andoni Basque for Anthony

state

and/or signifying either or both of the stated alternatives: useful in legal, official, and business contexts— ‘soldiers and/or sailors’— as

it

Andrea del Sarto

13

Angstrom/, Anders Jonas

compresses a lengthier clarification; avoid elsewhere

physicist, created the

Andrea del Sarto (1486-1531) Italian painter Androcles not -kies (except in specialist use) androgen/ic, -ous (adj.) capable of developing and maintaining male characteristics

androgynous

of ambiguous gender

(adj.)

anguillette

animalcule/

anion

anent

Ankara

aneurysm

(b.

Angeiman syndrome

not

Conan Angevin

a native or inhabitant of Anjou; a Plantagenet, esp. any of the English kings from Henry II to John; certain kings and queens of

Naples and Hungary -e English (not cap.); hut Ang-

English/man, -woman zl,

angle brackets

L,

angle between the two lines two right angles _L

(wide), (narrow)

Anglesey/ Gwynedd, not Mon; Marquess of — Angleterre

(Fr. f.)

-ea; in

Welsh Ynys

ital.,

no

accent); abbr.

meaning ‘English’, although to encompass ‘British’; can

commonly used

sometimes be replaced by

‘British’ to

avoid

offending non-English Britons

Anglo/-American; -French

abbr. AF;

-Norman

(hyphens)

Anglophile

anglophone (not cap.) Anglo-Saxon abbr. AS;

Angora Turkey, now Ankara Angostura now Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela; (in full

—

— bark) an aromatic bitter

bark used as a flavouring

from (Ger. f.) Angst: mately from (Dan.) Angest, now angst fear, anxiety;

angstrom

f.)

a note

(cap.), pi. -en;

(years), anno,

abbr.

annual

ulti-

a unit of length equal to 10 metre now largely replaced

pi.

annals, abbr. ann.

(Fr. pi. f.)

abbr. ann.

Annam/

not Anam; formerly a Idngdom within French Indo-China, now merged in Vietnam; -ite the formal name for the Vietnamese language

Annan Dumfries & Ann Arbor Mich. annatto

(bot.)

Galloway

an orange-red dye;

Anne,/ Queen (1702-14)

(b.

1665);

not an-, -a

— Saint

of Cleves (1515-57) fourth wife of Henry of England

verb,

‘annex’

is

a novel by Scott, 1829

annexe noun (except both noun and verb)

in US,

where

— aetatis — Domini (cap.

year, abbr. ann.: aet., aetat.:

A, D) abbr. ad (small caps);

— Hegirae (Muslim —

ah (small caps.); mundi in the year of the world, abbr. am (small caps.); all three abbrs. to be placed before the numerals era) abbr.

annonce

(Fr. f.)

ann/ us

advertisement not -er; abbr. annot.

abbr. ann. ringlike; -ate, -ated, -et, -oid

(Lat.) year, pi.

year; -us mirabiiis

anonymous anorexic

Bitters (propr., caps.) a kind of tonic

angostura/

angst

annales

annul/ar

Old Engusually preferred; avoid as a term as a language.

use has become entrenched

its

not

abbr. a.

annual

for ‘English-speaking’, except in disciplines

where

-s;

annotat/ed, -or

not -phil

now

pi. -es;

formerly one-sixteenth of a

anno/ (Lat.) in the suae aged, abbr.

Anglo-

is

(Ind., Pak.)

annex

-ise (cap.)

lish

anna/

VIII

angl.

AN

(Ger.

Anne of Geierstein

Anglicize not

abbr.

Turkey, formerly Angora

ann. annals, anni

Anne

England

anglice in English (not

prefix

a negative charge

an ion carrying

(elec.)

annals

A, right angle

mus.) animated

rupee, now replaced by decimal coinage;

Angelman’s

Angers, Marie-Louise-Felicite (1845-1924) French-Canadian novelist, pseud. Laure

angle the sign

(Fr.

ital.)

Anmerkung/ Anm.

1923) Spanish

Angelico, Fra (c.1400-55) Florentine painter and Dominican friar, born Guido di Pietro

(Fr.) f.

adj.)

not -ae

anch-

soprano

lais/, -e

pi. -s,

ankylos/is the fusion of bones,

not -ism

Angeles, Victoria de los

anglais/

eel, not ai-

animalcul/um pi. -a anime a W. Indian resin, (not

concerning; a legal term used in Scottish law courts

f.)

(1814-74) Swedish

— pyrheliometer

aniline a source of dyes (also

Andropov, Yuri (Vladimirovich) (1914-84) President of the USSR 1983-4 (prep.; arch.. Sc.)

(Fr.

ant. |

abbr.

-#;

-us horribiiis terrible

remarkable year

anon,

not -ectic

Anouilh, Jean (1910-88) French pla)rwright

anschluss m.), the

unification, esp.

Anschiuss

(Ger.

annexation of Austria in 1938 by

Germany

ANSI American National answer abbr. A., ans. answerphone (not cap.)

(no accents), abbr. A;

Ant. Anthony, Antigua

by the nanometre

ant. antonym

Standards Institute

Antaeus

Aotearoa

14

|

Antaeus

(Gr.

myth.) a giant with

whom

Her-

cules wrestled

antiqs. antiquities

antagonize not -ise Antananarivo Madagascar

Antigua (Ger. typ. f) roman type (cap.) antique paper a moderately bulky, opaque book paper with roughish surface

Antarctic/ -a

ante

a stake in card

ante/

(Lat.)

before,

ante-bellum

game

(not

antisabbatarian (one word)

ital.)

— bellum before the war hyphen, not

occurring or existing before a particular war, esp. the US Civil War (one word in US) (adj.,

antechamber not antiante diem (Lat.) before the

ital.)

day, abbr. a.d.

h)^hen)

antithes/is

(rhet.) a retort

(adj.,

one word)

-es

pi.

-ise

antitoxin (one word)

antitype that which is represented by a type or symbol, or a person or thing of the opposite type; not antePort.),

Antdnio

radio or television

(zool.) pi. -ae; (US)

antonym

word of opposite meaning,

a

Anvers

ante-post in racing (hyphen)

Fr.

Anwick

in US)

anthelmintic a drug or agent used parasitic worms, not -thic

to destroy

Anthony

abbr. Ant. Anglicized from Lat. Antonfrom which came the variant Antony

(NB Antony and Geopatra); also Antain(e) (Ir. Gael.), Antal (Hungarian), Antoine (Fr.), Andoni (Basque), Anton (Ger., Russ.), Antoni

for

Antwerp, in

any/body, -how (one word)

any more

Antonio (Castilian Sp., GaliAntonio (European Port.), Antdnio Port.), Antonin (Czech) -ical abbr. anthrop.

anthropomorphize not -ise anthropophag/us a cannibal, antichamber use anteAntichrist anticline

(cap.)

anyway one word

-i;

adj.

-ous

but antichristian

antifreeze (one word) abbr. Ant.

anti-hero a principal character noticeably lacking traditional heroic qualities (hyphen, one

word

in US)

(First

a covering put over furniture

like’

Anzus

(Ger.

an alliance

AO

f.)

Australia,

notice, advertisement; pi. -n

New

Zealand, and the USA, as

for the Pacific area (one cap.)

Accountant

Officer,

Army

Order, Officer of

the Order of Australia

AOB

any other business

AOD

Commanding in Chief Army Ordinance

Ancient Order of Druids,

Department

AOF

Ancient Order of Foresters

antimatter (one word)

AOH

Ancient Order of Hibernians

antimony symbol Sb antinomy conflict of authority

A-OK

for protection (not cap.)

antinovel a novel in which formal conventions are studiously avoided (one word)

(two words)

World War)

A.O.C.-in-C. Air Officer

antilogarithm (one word) abbr. antilog

antimacassar

in conventional sense, but

any way you

it

anywhere (one word) Anzac Australian and New Zealand Army Corps Anzeige/

(geol.)

anticlockwise (one word)

Antigua

(two words, one in US)

any/one, -place, -thing (one word) ‘you can do

pi.

Antwerpen

any- pronouns and adverbs beginning with any-, every-, and some- are single words (‘anyone you ask’, ‘everything I own’, ‘somebody to talk to’), but where each word retains its own meaning, the words are printed separately (‘any one item’, ‘every thing in its place’, ‘some body in motion’),

cian,

It.),

FI.

Lines.

(Catalan, Polish),

anthropolog/y

abbr.

ant.

ante-room (hyphen; one word

(Brazil.

(Brazil.

Port.)

aerial, pi. -s

ius,

antistrophon

Antonio (European

antenatal (one word)

antenn/a

-ic, -ism (hyphen, one cap.) antistrophe a stanza corresponding to the strophe in a Greek dramatic chorus

antithesize not

ante mediem (Lat.) before the middle, abbr. ante med. antemeridian (one word) ante meridiem (Lat.) before noon, abbr. a.m. (adj.,

anti-Semit/e,

antitetanus

antediluvian (one word)

ante-mortem

antiq. antiquar/y, -ian

AOR

(caps.,

hyphen)

adult-oriented rock, advance of rights,

album-oriented radio aorist abbr. aor.

anti-nuclear (hyphen)

aort/a

antiparticle (one word)

Aotearoa (Maori) a poetic name for New Zealand, meaning ‘land of the long white cloud’.

antipathize not

-ise

(anat.) pi.

-ae

aout

15

originally referring solely to the

aout (Fr. m.) August (not cap.) a outrance (Fr.) to the bitter end,

North Island

not d I’outrance

anti-personnel, a protester (Fr., on bills of exchange), armour-piercing. Associated Press

Ap. Apostle apud (quoted

(Lat.)

a Native

American people

(cap.),

a part

(Afrik.)

ital.)

a huge herbivorous dinosaur of the Jurassic period, formerly called brontosaurus

ap/e, -ed, -ing, -ish (4th

Apennines

c.

bc)

Greek painter

Italy (one p, three ns), in

It.

Appen-

nini

(not

ital.)

izer, pi. -s (not ital.,

and Computer

Staff

(often attrib.) a system of reduced fares,

abbr. of Advance Purchase Excursion (one cap.)

apex/

pi. -es, adj.

apical

aphaere/sis the omission of a sound from the beginning of a word as a morphological development, pi. -ses; -tic (astr.) pi. -a,

aphid/

pi. -s

aphi/s

pi.

APL

scruple: 3 drachm; 5 ounce; print quantities in lower-case letters close up behind symbol:

apnoea

Q

A Programming Language

apodictic

apog/ee

end of the world (not

cap.)

(cap.) abbr. Apoc. (for abbr. of under names), adj. apocryphal

clearly established, not -deictic

(astr.)

pi.

-es

abbr. apog.; -ean

Apollinaire, Guillaume born Wilhelm Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky (1880-1918) French poet and critic

Apollinaris (water) a mineral water from Ahr Valley,

1

(except in US)

-es ill

luck

appal/, -led, -ling E. North America: this mountain system includes the Adirondacks, Alleghenies, Catskills, and Great Smoky Mountains

appanage

apan-

use

apparatchik/ a member of

Germany

Apoliin/arius (sometimes -aris) (c.310-c.390) Christian heretic, -arianism

a (usually

Com-

pi. -es,

not -ati (but use

when

an

who

alter-

possible)

a collection of variants

a printed text, abbr. app. crit.

apparel/, -led, -ling officer of ecclesiastical court, not

-er

Apoc.

a grand or violent event; a rev-

apodos/is (gram.)

=

7, j

app. appendix

apparitor an

(NT) abbr.

=

App. Apostles

accompanying

the temporary cessation of breathing,

see

pi.

apparatus criticus

at pleasure

elation, esp, of the

books

vij

native, e.g. appliances,

not -nea (US)

Apocrypha

apotheos/is

as

apophthegm

use

apparatus/

(Fr.)

Apocalypse apocalypse

becomes j,

munist) party administration, esp. one executes policy; pi. -s, -i (not ital.)

-des

(comput.)

a plaisir

symbol

i

Appalachia/, -n Mountains, -n Trail

apfelstrudel a dish of baked apples in pastry (not cap., not ital.)

apheli/on

a priori

(caps.)

apotropaic averting

Association of Professional, Executive,

Clerical,

Apex

no accent)

effects to causes cf.

Apostrophj (Ger. m.) apostrophe, pi. -e (cap.) apostrophize not -ise apothecaries’ weight, signs n] minim; d

apothegm

aperitif/ an alcoholic drink taken as an appet-

APEX

Apostles’ Creed

final

aper9 u an outline

apothegm

not

not -ise

a posteriori (reasoning) from (not ital., hyphen in attrib.); Apostle abbr. Ap., pi. App.

apatosaurus

Apelles

maxim,

a pithy

not -cy

apostatize

segregation (not

Greek poet

Apollyon the Devil apologize not -ise

apostasy

apart

(Fr.)

St Paul (Acts 18: 24)

a-port (hyphen)

a

not app-

apartheid

(c.250 bc)

Apollos a follower of

(US)

Parisian ruffian (not cap.)

apanage

Apollonius Rhodius

apophthegm

in)

a.p. above proof, author’s proof

Apache

— Belvedere a

Apollo/ a Greek god, -nian; statue in the Vatican

AP

ap.

appreciator I

app.

apparatus criticus

crit.

appeal/, -ed, -ing

appeasement

not -sment

appell/ant, -ate, -ation, -ative

append/ix for the

apps.

pi. -ices for the supplement, -ixes anatomical organ, abbr. app., pi.

(in all senses)

appetiz/e not

applesauce

-ise; -er,

-ing

(one word)

applique/ (noun,

appoggiatura

adj.,

and

verb) -d

(mus.) a type of grace note, lean-

ing note

appraise estimate value appreciat/or not

-er; -ive,

-ory

Arc de Triomphe

apprentice

16

|

apprentice

AR

abbr. appr.

apprise inform apprize

appro

Ar argon

(on) approval (no point)

(no point)

appro, approbation

a/r all risks

approver one who turns Queen’s evidence: the

ARA

term is virtually obsolete in British law, but still used elsewhere (e.g. Pakistan)

approximat/e,

-ely, -ion abbr.

approx,

appurts. appurtenances

APR

annual percentage rate annual progress report

(Fr.)

Rome

(in

the year after

in 753 bc) (small caps.),

(= ad)

apres Jesus-Christ

—

—

apres-ski

(of)

—

the time after a day’s skiing

Day

from the the beginning

first,

— principio from

apriorism the doctrine of

(not

a-priori ideas (one

APS

Aborigines’ Protection Society, American Philosophical Society, American Physics Society, Associate of the Philosophical Society a semicircular recess, esp. in a church;

apsi/s in an

orbit, point of greatest or least distance from central body: pi. -des

advanced passenger

train,

advanced pro-

cess technology. Association of Polytechnic

Aragon

a region of Spain, not Arr-; in Sp. Ara-

(propr.)

Aramaic

abbr.

Aram,

a Semitic language, esp.

Hebrew

Aran, Island of Co. Donegal;

Aran Islands Galway

characters

see also

Arran

Bay, Ireland; see also

Arran Associate of the Royal Astronomical Soci-

ety

ARB

Air Registration Board, Air Research Bur-

eau

ARBA

Associate of the Royal Society of British

Artists

arbalest a crossbow, not arblast arbiter elegantiae

arbitrageur not

arbitrament

according abbr. ap.

to,

fortis,

c.

Italy,

— regia

ad)

in

It.

Roman

satirist

Puglia

(chem.) (two words, not

(Fr. mus.) for two performers four hands’)

aquavit an alcoholic drink;

see also

aqua vitae

ital.)

Aquinas, St

(two words, not

Thomas

official

word

for arbiter

axis

(bot.)

a tree garden, pi. -a

arbour

ARBS

a bower, not -or (US)

Associate of the Royal Society of British

Sculptors

Aeronautical Research Council, Agri-

cultural Research Council, Architects’ Regis-

pi. -s

a quatre mains ‘for

-ement

not

arboriculture abbr. arbor.

ARC

ital.)

aquarium/

a judge of taste

arbor vitae a conifer

Apuleius, Lucius (2nd

Apulia a region of

in the work, or works,

(Lat.)

-ger

arbitrator a legal or

arboret/um

satellites)

(Lat.)

logian

Academy of Music

Associate of the Royal

(from

(lit.

one

gon

arbor a spindle,

aqua/

hairs, (anat.)

Academy of Dan-

Associate of the Royal

Teachers, Association of Printing Technologists, automatic picture transmission

of;

of the Arachnidae

arbit/er, -rary, -ration abbr. arb.

pi. -s

apud

member

cing

ARAS

ital.)

apropos (adj. and adv.) (one word, no accent) a propos de bottes (Fr.) beside the mark

APT

(zool.) a

that of Syria; written in

a priori (reasoning) from causes to effects ital., hyphen in attrib.); cf. a posteriori

apse/

ARAD

ARAM

(one fool) not Fools’ (US)

(Lat.)

word, not

arachnid

Araldite

April abbr. Apr.

April Fool’s

3 (not cap.)

1, 2,

arach. arachnology

arachnoid (bot.) having long of meninges

coup after the event, apresi (Fr.) after, midi afternoon (hyphen), moi (or nous) le deiuge after me (or us) the deluge

primo

Arabian Nights’ Entertainments, The Arabic the Semitic language of the Arabs, now spoken in much of N. Africa and the Middle

ary computation, as

the building of but use Auc

London

arabic numerals the numerals used in ordin-

APRC anno post Romam conditam

aj

Associate of the Royal Academy,

Arabi/a, -an, -c abbr. Arab.

East

(of interest),

Apr. April

apr. J.-C.

abbr.)

regni (in the year of the reign) (small

caps.)

esteem highly

(arch.)

Arkansas (postal

AR anno

akvavit

(c.1225-74) Italian theo-

tration Council

Arc,

Jeanne

ARCA

d’

(Fr.)

Joan of Arc

(1412-31)

Associate of the Royal College of Art

Arcades ambo (Lat.) two with arcan/um pi. -a Arc de Triomphe Paris

like tastes

arced

17

|

arced

argumentum

not arck-

(elec.)

arc-en-ciel

m.) rainbow,

(Fr.

pi.

arcs-en-ciel

arch, archa/ic, -ism; archery, archipelago; architect, -ural, -ure

Archaean of or

relating to the earlier part of the Precambrian era, not -hean (US)

archaeolog/y,

-ical, -ist abbr. archaeol., not

arche- (US)

Archangel Russia, in Russ. Arkhangelsk archangel (one word, cap. when part of name) Archbishop abbr. Abp. Archd. Archdeacon, Archduke archetype not archiarchidiaconal of or relating

to

an archdeacon,

not archide-

Archimedean archipelago/

to

an archbishop

abbr. arch.

Archipielago de Colon pagos Islands

off. Sp.

name

for Gala-

posite use

(elec.)

archenot arck-

Argyle Minn. Highlanders, of

—

Argyllshire a former county of Scotland

Aarhus

(Dan.)

Arian (theol.) a follower of Arius, under Aries

ARICS

Professional Associate of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

Arius

Associate of the Royal College of Science

arctic (not cap.) cold

(zool.)

born

Associate of the Royal Institute of Brit-

a dep. of France

(C.250-C.336) Christian heretic

Arizona

ope, Asia, Africa,

(one)

ish Architects

Associate of the Royal College of Organ-

Arctogaea

— and Sutherland — and the Isles (Bishop of),

Argyll/ and Bute District,

Ariz. Arizona off.

(off.

abbr.)

abbr. Ariz., postal

AZ

Ark. Arkansas

(off. abbr.)

Arkansas

abbr. Ark., postal

off.

AR

Arlay dep. Jura, France

caps.)

Arctic regions (one

not argle-bargle

(hyphen)

Associate of the Royal College of Music

Arctic Circle (two

argu-

Aristotelian not -ean

ists

ARCS

argumentum e sUentio

silence

argy-bargy a dispute, wrangle;

Ariege

architype arcing

ment from

ARIBA

architect/, -ural, -ure abbr. arch., archit., archt.; orders of classical architecture Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Com-

ARCM ARCO

stick, club-law;

Arhus

not -ian pi. -s,

crumenam

(Lat.) argument hoc argument for this hominem argument to the (purpose); ignorantiam argument person’s interests; invi based on the adversary’s ignorance; diam argument to hatred or prejudice; vere rem argument to the purpose; cundiam appeal to modesty; argumentum baculum argument of the baculinum or

ad/

to the purse;

Duke

archiepiscopal of or relating

ARMS

Arle

cap.)

Glos.; not

-s

Arles dep. Bouches-du-Rhone, France

the land mass including Eurand N. America; cf. Neo-

gaea; Notogaea

ARM ArM

adjustable-rate

mortgage

Master of Architecture (from

Lat. Archi-

tecturae Magister)

Ardleigh Essex

Arm. Armenian, Armoric

Ardley Oxon.

armadillo/

ARE

Arab Republic of Egypt, Associate of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers

are a unit of square measure, 100 areol/a a small area,

-ae (not

pi.

sq.

m.

ital.);

not au-

Arequipa Peru (her.) silver, abbr.

Argentina the country, (in

ital.)

arg.

or

Argentine Republic

very formal discourse), not ‘the Argentine’

Argentin/e

(adj.) also

(noun) the inhabitant;

also -ian not -ean

argentum

silver,

symbol (chem.) Ag, (numis-

matics) /R

argon symbol Ar argot slang (not

arguable

Socialist Republic,

a former Soviet

now an independent

republic; -n (of or related to) (the people or

language) of Armenia

armes blanches

arete a sharp mountain ridge (not

argent

pi. -s

armchair (one word) Armenia/ an ancient country,

(Fr.)

side

arms (bayonet,

sabre, sword)

armful/

pi. -s

armhole (one word) Arminians followers of Arminius Arminius, Jacobus Latinized form of Jacob Harmen (1560-1609) Dutch theologian armory heraldry, (US) = armoury armoury a collection of arms armpit (one word)

ital.)

not -eable

ARMS

Associate of the Royal Society of Miniature Painters

ascendance

arm’s length

18

|

arm’s length (two words)

artefact not

Army/ Dental Corps now RADC; — Nursing Service abbr. ANS; — Order abbr. AO; — Ordnance Corps now RAOC; — Service Corps later RASC, now RCT; — Veterinary Department arnotto

use

AVD, now RAVC

abbr.

Italy

Aroostook War

arteriosclerosis hardening of the arteries (one word)

article abbr, art.

Arolla Switzerland

Arolo Lombardy,

articles of roup

air-raid

settled the border of

Maine

articles, titles of

Associate of the Royal Photographic Society, Association of Railway Preservation Societies

artiste a professional singer, dancer, or other performer of either sex; different from artist

art Reginae (in the year of

the King’s, or Queen’s, reign) (small caps.)

Aragon

mental art

see also

Aran

errant

for slowing

an

aircraft

during

landing, not -or

ARV

ish scientist (Fr.

rearguard;

f.)

—pensee

mental reservation, -pensees (hyphens) ulterior motive or

pi.

arrivisjme (Fr. m.) ambitious behaviour, -fe one who behaves thus

arrondissement departement (not

(Fr.

in Eng.)

arroyo/ a brook, stream, or

(1880), not

Associate of the Royal School of Church

Music

(Lat.)

the art

is

to conceal

in

ARSL

Associate of the Royal Society of erature

Lit-

Associate of the Royal School of Mines

Associate of the Royal Scottish Society of Painting in Water Colours

art. article, artillery, artist

deco

now

extinct Ver-

Associate of the Royal Society of Painters

Water Colours

Aryan Indo-European, not -ian AS Academy of Science, Admiral

Super-

intendent, Advanced Supplementary education), Angelman syndrome,

(level,

in

Anglo-Saxon (Lat. anno Seleuci) in the year of Seleucus (era beginning 312/11 bc); formerly also used for anno salutis, in the year of salvation, or anno Salvatoris, in the year of the Saviour, both

As

arsenic (no point) -n, -tic

ASA

Advertising Standards Authority, Amateur Swimiming Association, Associate Member of the Society of Actuaries, Associate of the Society of Actuaries (USA)

asafoetida (med.) an

art

cap.)

title

American (Standard) Revised

Co. Cavan, not Arvagh

As. Asia,

arsenic symbol As

art

(two caps.)

equivalent to ad (small caps.)

gully; pi. -s

Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy,

Associate of the Royal Society of Arts

ARSM ARSW

(Bible)

ARWS

AS

Chase

ars est ce/are artem

Arva

m.) a subdivision of a

ital.

arrowhead (one word) Arrows of the Chace by Ruskin

ARSCM

movement

sion

Arrhenius, Svante August (1859-1927) Swed-

ARSA

a high-quality coated paper used for

artwork (one word) abbr. a/w Arundel W. Sussex Arundell of Wardour, Baron

m.) decree

arriere/ -garde

paper

art. pf. artist’s proof

utter, notorious; cf.

(Fr.

a late 19th- to early 20th-c. orna-

art style (not cap.)

Arts and Crafts

Arran, Isle of Scotland;

arret

see artis-

nouveau

illustrations

Arran, Earl of

arrester a device

be

cited, to

artisan not -zan

arr. arranged; arriv/e, -ed, -es, -als

arrant

when

artillery abbr. A., art.

artizan

arquebus use harqARR anno regni Regis or

(typ.)

artifact (US) use arte-

precautions

ARPS

use

law) conditions of sale (by

roman, quoted

arpeggio/ (mus.) the striking of notes of chord in (usually upward) succession, pi. -s

Arragon

(Sc.

auction)

Italy

and New Brunswick, 1842

ARP

etc.

arthropod/ a member of Arthropoda, animals Vkdth jointed body and limbs; pi. -s

annatto

Arola Piedmont,

arti- (US)

artel an association of craftsmen, peasants, in the former USSR

a decorative art style of 1920s (not

ill-smelling

gum

resin;

not ass-, -fetida (US)

Asahi Shimbun a Japanese newspaper Asante the modern form of Ashanti asap as soon as possible (no points) Asbjornsen, Peter Christian (1812-85) Norwegian writer

ascendan/ce

not -ence; -cy,

-t;

cap.

when

ring to a specific period of Irish history

refer-

)

ascender

19

asst. |

ascender b, d,

the top part of letters such as

(typ.)

h, k,

f,

1

Ascension/ Day S.

— Island

two words),

(caps.,

Atlantic

ascetic austere

Ascham, Roger

(1515-68) English writer

ASCil (comput.) American Standard Code Information Interchange

(caps, or

for

small

caps.)

ascites

(sing,

and

abdominal dropsy

pi.)

not Asklepios (except in specialist contexts); see

Aesculapius

de

(Fr.)

aux soins

de,

= do

ASDIC

Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee, used for a form of hydrophone: Asdic, now officially sonar

later

ASE

a Paris suburb

Asola Lombardy, Italy Asolo Venetia, Italy asper (Gr.) a rough-breathing mark

(*), typographically largely equivalent to the Arab. ^ayn or Heb. ^ayin (not ital.)

aspergje

asparagus, -e

(Fr. f.)

American Stock Exchange, Associate of the Association of South East Asian Nations

as follows: (use colon only, not :— Asgard the heaven of Norse mythology ASH Action on Smoking and Health ash Old English letter ae also used in phonetic script,

asphalt

not -ee;

now

also

Asante

Ashby de la Zouch Leics. (no hyphens) Ashgabat the capital of Turkmenistan, formerly Poltoratsk in Russ.

not ash-,

Ashkhabad

-e

aspic

a savoury jelly

aspic

(Fr.

m.) an asp, a serpent

ASPR Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records ASR (comput.) answer send and receive a donkey, a stupid person; (US)

assafoetida

asa-

use

India, -ese (of or related to) a native

or the language of

assassin the

killer

properly Nizari Ismaili

a spear, not assa-

of Scotland) (cap.) properly (also in other Presbyterian Churches); see also Church Assembly

assent/er one who assents, -or one who subscribes to a nomination paper Asserbaijan,

ashtray (one word)

assess/able

—

day of Lent (two words)

air-speed indicator. Association sor-

optimiste internationale not Asiatic except

for e.g. ‘Asiatic cholera’

A-side the main side of asinin/e

like

an

a

askance a.s.l.

ass, not ass-; -ity

asserts, -or

Asciepiad; -os

see

an advocate

not -ible, -or not -er

Association of Supervisory Staffs, Execand Technicians

utives,

to

whom

assigned, -or one

who

Assisi

a right or property

is

assigns

not Assinn-

Italy

assistant abbr. ass., asst,

name

for Saudi

not askant use

ASSET

use Azer-

who

Assiniboine Canada,

gramophone record

Asir (‘the inaccessible’) former Arabia

Asklepi/ad

-i

assert/er one

assign/ee one

and noun) of Asia;

Assam

of a political or religious leader (not cap.); (hist.) any of a group of Muslim fanatics sent on murder missions in the time of the Crusades (sometimes cap.),

Ashton/-in-Makerfield, -under-Lyne Gr. Manchester (hyphens), not -Lyme; upon Mersey Gr. Manchester (no hyphens)

(adj.

attacks another phys-

ically or verbally, not -ent

General Assembly

Ashtar/oth, -eth in biblical and Semitic use, otherwise use Astarte

first

who

assaiiant a person

Assembiy (Church

Ashmolean Museum Oxford

arse

assai (mus.) very

ashlar

(archit.) not -er

=

ass. assistant

assegai

Ash Wednesday

sprinkling with

sing.) a

Ashkenazi/ a Jew of N. or E. European descent, pi. -m (cap.); cf. Sephardi

Asian

sprinkled

asphodel an immortal fiower in Elysium asphyxia an interruption of breathing

Assam/ NE

Danish, and Norwegian

Ashanti Ghana,

asperges (noun

ass

Society of Engineers

ASEAN

ASI

(Fr.)

blessed water

a verse metre, not Ask-

Asciepius the Greek hero and god of healing, also

air-to-surface missile

Asnieres

with (something)

Asciepiad

a/s

ASM

Asclepius

above sea level (points)

Aslef Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen (one cap.) Aslib Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux (one cap.)

assize (hist.) a court sitting at intervals in each county of England and Wales to administer civil and criminal law assizer an officer with oversight of weights and measures; not -ser, -sor, -zor

assoc,

ASSR

associat/e, -ion (hist.)

Autonomous

Republic

asst, assistant

Soviet Socialist

Assuan

attractor

20

{

Assuan

use

Aswan

assurance the insurance of life

(the technical

term); see also life insurance

assure convince or make

certain of; see also

ensure; insure

assymmetry

Atlantic Standard

Time

Athenaeum

Astarte a Syro-Phoenician goddess;

not Ash-

Iran

‘star’,

so a

(

*

);

in specialist linguistic

word

is

isked’; consequently, ‘a

‘starred’ not ‘aster-

*’

not ‘an

*’

—

Asti/ an Italian white wine; spumante a spariding form of this, from Asti in Piedmont (one cap., not ital.)

ASTMS

Association of Scientific, Technical, and Managerial Staffs; now part of the MSF

astr. astronom/y,

-er, -ical

(not cap.)

astrol. astrolog/y, -er

Astronomer Royal

(caps., no hyphen) astronomical unit a unit of length reckoned as 1.496 X 10^^ m; not an SI unit (though it may be used with SI units); has no inter-

nationally agreed symbol; abbr.

astrophysic/s (pi. noun, treated -ist (one word) (propr.) (one

AU as sing.)

-al,

ASVA

Associate of the Incorporated Society of Valuers and Auctioneers

Aswan

Egypt, not the many variants asymmetry not assasymptote a line approaching but not

meet-

Atl. Atlantic

Atlanta Ca.

ATM

automated

Asyut Egypt

AT

(Ger.) Altes Testament (the

At

astatine (no point)

(or

automatic) teller machine

atm. atmosphere, atmospheric the gaseous envelope around the Earth and other planets, the pressure exerted by it; abbr. atm.

at. no. atomic

number

atoll a ring-shaped coral reef surrounding a

lagoon

atomize not -ise atonabie not -eable

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

Atropos

(Gr.

thread of

myth.) the Fate that cuts the

life

Auxiliary Territorial Service (superseded by (Austral.) Amalgamated Television

Sendees

attar

(as

pi. -s

(not

ital.)

of roses) not

atar, ott-, otto

Attawapiskat a Canadian river Att. Gen. Attorney General

(usually a conjunction), -ic

Old Testament)

Attic salt delicate wit (one cap.) Attila (c.406-43) king of the

at. atomic

attitudinize not Inca

Attlee,

myth.) a great huntress

Clement (Richard)

ish politician.

(1883-1967) Brit-

Prime Minister 1945-51;

Ataturk, (Mustapha) Kemal (1881-1938) Turkish statesman. President 1923-38

attn. for the attention of

ATC

attorn

Air Traffic Control, Air Training Corps

Atchin Sumatra, Indonesia;

use

Ach-

Associate of Trinity College of Music, Lon-

don atelier a studio (not

Huns

-ise

cre-

ated earl 1955

use attar

ATCL

lit-

Atheneum publishers, not -aeAthol New Zealand; Mass. Atholl/, Duke of; — also forest. Sc. Athol vi lie New Brunswick, Can.

attache/

last

a British

WRAC),

asyndet/on the omission of a connecting word

(Gr.

(ital.)

Athene

ATS

ing a curve

Atahuaipa the

club;

court in a modern building, pi. -a; a cavity in the body, esp. one of two in the heart, pi. -urns

—

Asuncion Paraguay

atar

London

atri/um the hall of a Roman house or a central

word, two caps.)

Asturias Spain, not The

Atalanta

a

atmosphere

astrakhan lambskin from Astrakhan

AstroTurf

373) Greek patriarch, -an

(Gr. myth.) goddess of wisdom, war, and handicrafts, patron of Athens, in which contexts use Athena

astatine symbol At asterisk a s)mibol

Canada; not -ka

(d.

erary review, 1828-1921

taroth, -eth

use a

Sask.,

atheling a prince, lord, or member of a noble family in Anglo-Saxon England; not aeth-, although aeth- is acceptable

use asy-

a-starboard (hyphen)

Asterabad

Athabasca

Athanasi/us, St

Assyr. Ass 5n'ian

AST

a tempo (mus.) in time; it indicates that, after a change in time, the previous time must be resumed

ital.)

atto-

(as prefix) 10^®, abbr.

a

(law) to transfer

attorney-at-law (hyphens)

Attorney General (two words) Gen. attractor not

-er

abbr.

AG, Att.

ATV

21

Auschwitz I

ATV

all-terrain vehicle. Associated Television

(now ITV)

Atwood, Margaret Atwood’s machine at.

1939) Canadian writer

(b.

(phys.) not Att-

wt. atomic weight

AU

angstrom unit,

(US) Actors’ Union,

astro-

Au aurum (gold) (no point) aubade a dawn-piece Association of Universities of the British

(Fr. f.)

aubergine the

auger

f.)

innkeeper

fruit of the eggplant: in the

aubrietia a dwarf perennial, not

well

(63

14);

Augustine an Augustinian monk, St

inn, -iste (m. or

USA the fruit is called eggplant as Aubigne dep. Deux-Sevres, France Aubigny dep. Nord, France Auc

cf.

or an era compared to this, most usually the early to mid-18th c. in England

BC-AD

Commonwealth auberg/e

portend;

see,

August abbr. Aug. Augustan of the Roman Emperor Augustus

nomical unit

AUBC

auger a tool for boring; cf. augur aught an3dhing (cf. naught) au grand serieux (Fr.) in all seriousness au gratin browned with cheese etc. (not ital.) augur (noun) a Roman soothsayer, (verb) fore-

430) Bishop of Hippo, St bishop of Canterbury

Augustinian

a

monk

—

(d.

604)

— (354first

Arch-

of an order following

St

Augustine of Hippo

au jus (Fr.) in gravy auk a diving bird, not awk auid iang syne (caps., quotation marks

-retia

anno urbis conditae (in the year from the building of the city of Rome in 753 bc), also ah urbe condita (from the foundation of the city) (small caps.; no points except in Latin composition) (avc in classical transcriptions)

song

for

title)

Auid Reekie burgh

aumbry

Smoky’,

literally ‘Old

i.e.

Edin-

a closed recess in the wall of a church,

ambry Aumerie, Duke of not

Auchinleck, Field-Marshal Sir Claude (John Eyre) (1884-1981) British soldier

Auchnashellach Highland,

use

Richard

Ach-

auj contraire (Fr.) on the contrary, de fully acquainted with

— courant

audio/ frequency,

auditori/um

— typist

abbr.

pi. -urns,

(two words)

Aud.-Gen.

-a

Audubon, John (James) thologist

and

(1785-1851)

US

orni-

artist

AUEW/ Amalgamated

Union of Engineering Workers, (TASS) Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers (Technical and Super-

—

visory Section)

au

fait

(Fr.)

(Ger.

(Ger.

f.)

ital.)

enlightenment, esp. the

f.)

18th-c. intellectual

Auflage/

movement

edition, impression; pi. -n

(cap.); abbr. Aufl.;

note the

‘fl’

is

set as a

—

unveranderte reprint, ver besserte und vermehrte revised and

ligature in Ger.;

—

enlarged edition;

see also

Ausgabe

au fond (Fr.) at the bottom; used in Eng. to mean basically, in reality, in fact; cf. a fond\ dans

le

variants

pi.

of eyrir

aurea mediocritas aureola; not

auf Wiedersehen

climber

(Ger.) till

we meet

Aurignacian

goodbye

Aus.

pi.

aug. augmentative (Gr.

myth.) (stables) filthy

the

-ae australes, -a

symbol (chem.) Au (no point)

gold,

War, in (cap.)

(astr.) pi.

-ae boreales

Austria, -n

centration

Augean

again, goodbye

a flint culture of the palaeolithic

Aurigny Fr. for Alderney aurochs an extinct wild ox, ancestor of domestic cattle; not urus; cf. wisent

Auschwitz

Aug. August

mean

period in Europe, following the Mousterian and preceding the Solutrean

aurum again,

the golden

ar-

au reste (Fr.) besides au revoir till we meet

borealis (Ger. m.) social

(Lat.)

a saint’s halo, a circle of light; also

auror/a australis

fond

Aufsteiger

many aurar

aureoie

thoroughly conversant (not

Aufkiarung

Burmese nationalist Suu Kyi Burmese political leader, daughter of Aung San auntie not -y; a nickname for the BBC (cap.) au pair (Fr.) at par, on mutual terms au pair a person helping with childcare, housework (not ital.) au pied de ia iettre (Fr.) literally Aurangzeb (1618-1707) Mogul Emperor, not the (1914-47)

leader,

audio-visual (hyphen, one word in US)

Auditor-General

au mieux (Fr.) on excellent terms au nature! in its natural state, plainly cooked

Aung San/

Audenarde see Oudenarde Audi a German make of car

a character in Shakespeare’s

II

a

town and

camp

Pol.

a

German

in Poland in

Oswi^cim;

camp and the

con-

Second World

Poles use the Ger. for

Pol. for

the town

an secours

average

22

\

auj secours

a cry for help,

(Fr.)

— serieux

autobahn/

Ausgabe

(Ger. f.) edition (refers to the form, not to a revision), abbr. Ausg. (cap.); see also Auflage, and the compounds Buch-\ Pracht-,

Volks-

auspicious of good omen, favourable, prosperous; not a synonym for notable, significant,

Aussie

important

Australian; not

-y,

Ossie, Ozzie, or other

variants

Austen, Jane (1775-1817) English writer Austin/ an English form of the name August-

—

Alfred (1835-1913) Poet Laureate 1896-1913; , John Langshaw (1911-60) English philosopher; Tex. ine;

,

—

—

austral/ southern (not Australasia

(e.g.

cap.);

of Australia or

‘Austral English’) (cap.); a basic

unit of currency in Argentina;

pi.

-es (not

cap.)

Australasia

abbr. A’asia, a collective term,

New

Zealand, and the islands of Melanesia, or to (b) Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, and Western Samoa; Oceania includes Micronesia and Polynesia as well

referring either to

(a)

Australia,

Austral/ia, -ian abbr. Austral.

Australian Capital Territory abbr.

ACT

a Frankish

kingdom of 6th-8th

cc.

Austria-Hungary (but Austro-Hungarian), hyphen not en rule, 1867-1918, in Ger. Osterreich-Ungarn Austro-Hungarian) or Australian

(e.g.

(e.g.

Austro-Asiatic)

a family of c.600 languages

Association of University Teachers

autarchy absolute sovereignty autarky self-sufficiency Auteuil a Paris suburb

auth. authentic; author,

-ess, -ity, -ized

refer to oneself in writing as T, not ‘The

author’; avoid using author or co-author as a verb where write or co-write will serve a

form of referencing,

often called the Harvard system (en rule)

authorize not

-ise

Authorized Version

in Ger.

original inhabitant, pi.

-s;

autocracy absolute monarchy autocue (propr.) auto/-da-fe (Port.) pi. autos-da-fe, ‘act of the faith’, burning of heretic by Inquisition (not ital.); (Sp.) auto de fe (ital.)

autogiro an early form of helicopter, not -gyro autoiithography (typ.) printing by lithography from stones or plates prepared by the artist personally

automat/on

a piece of mechanism with concealed motive power, a person who acts like such a piece; pi. -a, -ons

autonomy self-government autonym a book published under an real name autopista a Spanish motorway (not

autore

(It.)

author’s

ital.)

author, abbr. aut.

autoroute a French motorway (not ital.) autostrad/a an Italian motorway, pi. -e (not ital.)

autres temps, autres maeurs times, other manners

(Fr.)

other

Association of University Teachers

autumn

(not cap.)

Auvergne (Fr.) not The — Auvers dep. Seine-et-Oise, France Auverse dep. Maine-et-Loire, France Auxiliary Forces Af (numismatics)

(caps.)

=

gold

(Lat.

aurum) (no point)

audio-visual. Authorized Version (of the

Bible)

alv ad valorem av. average

avadavat

not

ama-

avant/ -courier in Fr. m. -courrier f. -coureuse forerunner

or -coureur,

avant-gard/e the advanced guard, the innov-

auteurj (Fr. m.) author, also (esp. in cinema) used of a person who controls all aspects of the creative process, hence -isfe

author-date system

pi. -s,

ital.)

-ous

AV

spoken in the S. Pacific, also called Malayo-Polynesian

author

-en (not

auxiliary abbr. aux., auxil.

Austro- combining form of Austrian

Austronesian

pi.

(Scotland)

Austria abbr. Aus.

AUT

German motorway,

autochthon/ an

AUT(S)

Australian Labor Party not Labour

Austrasia

a

Autobahn/,

seriously

(of the Bible) (caps.) abbr.

AV autis/m a mental condition obstructing response to environment,

-tic

ators; -ism, -ist

avant-propos

(Fr.

m.) preface,

pi.

same

(hyphen)

avaunt av. C.

(arch.)

(It.)

begone

avanti Cristo (bc)

avdp. avoirdupois ave. avenue, average

ave atque vale (Lat.) hail and farewell Ave Maria (Hail, Mary!) abbr. AM Avenue abbr. Ave. Avenue of the Americas off. name of Sixth Avenue, New York City average abbr. av.

Aztec

Averroes

23

|

Averroes (1126-98) Spanish-Muslim astronomer, philosopher: less correct); also called

also

physician, -es (though

ibn-Rushd or the Com'

mentator

ax. axiom

axe

not ax (US)

axel a jumping movement in skating ax/is

averse, aversion opposed or disinclined: ‘he is not averse to grumbling’, ‘Mary-Jane’s aversion to rice pudding’; cf. adverse

(Fr.

m.) notice,

(Lat.)

marriage’, hall divorce

(cf.

Air Vice-Marshal

(1776-1856) Italian

— constant (symb.

L,

sci-

N^)

6.022 1367 X 10^3 mol- 1, not Avogadro number (no apos.); but Avogadro’s hypothesis

—

avoirdupois/ (in full weight) a system of weights based on a pound of 16 ounces or 7,000 grains, abbr. avdp.

a voionte (Fr.) at pleasure, at will Avon/ a county of England, and name of several English rivers: Earl

a votre sante! avril

a/w

(Fr.

(Fr.)

off

—

(here’s) to

artwork

Airborne Warning And Control System long-range radar system for detecting enemy

awing

AYH

Uluru

American Youth Hostels

See also Ail-

rough-breathing mark (‘ properly '), typographically largely equivalent to the Heb. ^ayin or Gr. asper (ital.); not ain

^ayn

(Arab.) a

Ayr Strathclyde Ayr. Ayrshire

Ayre, Point of loM

Ayub Khan, Muhammad soldier

AZ

and

(1907-74) Pakistani

1958-69

politician. President

Arizona (postal

abbr.)

Azerbaijan/ a province of

NW Iran and -I

(adj);

former

-ian or Azeri

the language, formerly written in the Arabic or (later) Cyrillic alphabet, now in the roman alphabet; not Asser-

Nigerian leader. President 1963-6

not aws-

(adv.) but for a

(part,

while; see also while

of awe) not aweing

use auk awk. awkward

absent without

Azilian a transitional period between the palaeolithic

and neolithic ages

in Port. A9ores, ‘Islands’

forms part of the

Azov, Sea

off

not

Europe no longer

in

name

-off,

-of

Azrael the Muslim angel of death

AZT

azidothymidine, a drug intended for use against the Aids virus

(official)

leave

Atomic Weapons Research Estab-

lishment

(apos.)

Ayers Rock Australian Western Desert (no

Azores

awk

AWOL AWRE

for aye’

Quebec, Canada

chil-

dren’s author, creator of the ‘Railway Series’ (Thomas the Tank Engine)

awhile

(cap.

Azikiwe, (Benjamin) Nnamdi (1904-96)

aircraft)

Awdry, Revd W(ilbert Vere) (1911-97)

awesome

Clifff

Soviet Socialist Republic,

AWACS (a

it’

az. azure

your health!

m., not cap.) April

(typ.)

and

ever: ‘For ever

Ayer’s

Aylesbury Bucks.

-set

Amedeo

entist, not Avro-;

have

^ayin (Heb.) a rough-breathing mark (' properly ^), typographically largely equivalent to the Arab, 'ayn or Gr. asper (ital.); also expressed as ay/n (no accent)

avant Jesus-Christ (bc)

avocad/o pi. -os avocet a bird, not Avogadro/,

yes: ‘Ay, ay, sir’; pi. -es: ‘The ayes

apos.), in Pitjantjatjara

of

case in private

AVM

ay/

aye

‘from the bond of a mensa et toro)

avis au lecteur (Fr.) notice to the reader avizandum (Sc. law) a judge’s consideration (Fr.)

alliance

Aycliffe Dur., ‘new town’, 1947

dep. Vaucluse, France

a vinculo matrimonii

av. J.-C.

German

ayatollah a Shi’ite religious leader in Iran when used as title)

warning

aviculture the rearing of birds

Avignon

the

ayah an Indian nursemaid

avertible not -able

avertissement

pi. -es; (cap., hist.)

formed in 1939

Aztec (a member) of, or concerning, a people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest: adj. same, not -ian; see also

Nahuatl

B

bel, (mus.) B flat in German system, (chess) bishop, (pencils) black (see also BB, BBB), boron, the second in a series

B. Bachelor, Baron, bass, basso. Bay, Blessed (Beat/us,

b

-a),

British

(phys.) barn,

(compass) by

Bacharach/

a small (wineproducing) Rhine-

—

Burt (b. 1929) US composer Bachelier es/ tettres (Fr.) Bachelor of Letters, abbr. B. es L.; sciences Bachelor of Science, abbr. B. es S. (no hyphens) Bachelor/ abbr. B. — of Agriculture, abbr. (US) land town,

book, born; (cricket) bowled, bye; (Arab.) ibn

BA

Bachelor of Arts, Booksellers Association, British Academy, British Airways, British America, British Association

Ba barium

BAA

(no point)

British Airports Authority, British Astro-

nomical Association

Baader-Meinhof Group

(en rule,

hyphen

in

Ger.)

BAO;

abbr.

BUJ;

Canon and Civil

esp. of

non-

Iraqi and Syrian political party, in Arab. Ba^t; a loose transliteration for non-technical contexts is Baath

Babbitt/ by Sinclair Lewis, 1922 (roman in allusive use, as character’s name); -ry

babel not

cap.,

except in

— Civil Law, abbr. BCL;

Dental Surgery, abbr. BDS, B.Ch.D.; Divinity, abbr. BD; Education, abbr. B.Ed.; Engineering, abbr. BE, B.Eng., (Dublin) B.A.I. Dub.; Law, abbr. BL; Laws, abbr. B LL (no point, thin space); Letters, abbr. B.Litt.,

Tower

of Babel

Medicine, abbr.

L.;

—

pi.

(typ.)

binding;

(not

see also

ital.)

margins

Backhuysen, Ludolf painter, not

garment

-i

the margin of a book nearest the

backbench(er) (Parliament) (one word)

in hist, use

Babygro

es

Metallurgy, abbr. B.Met.; Mining Engineering, abbr. BME; Music, abbr. B.Mus., Mus.B.; Obstetrics, abbr. BAO; Philosophy, abbr. B.Phil.; Science, abbr. B.Sc., (US) BS, in Fr. B. es S.; Surgery, abbr. BC, B.Ch., BS, Ch.B.; Technical Science, abbr, Theology, abbr. B.Th. B.Sc. Tech.;

back

of respect, not -boo except

title

(1631-1708) Dutch

Bakhuisen

babysitter (one word)

backing up (typ.) printing on the second backstreet (one word) back-up (noun, hyphen, one word in US)

BAG

backwoodsman

(propr.)

an

all-in-one

for

babies

British Aerospace Corporation

baccalaureate the university degree of bachelor (not ital., no accent); baccalaureat (Fr. m.) the

equivalent of A levels

Fr.

baccarat

a card

game; in

Bacchanalia/ the pi.

festival

but used in Eng. as

riotous or

drunken

Fr.

(ital.,

accent)

m. baccara

of Bacchus, strictly

sing.; -n (not cap.)

a male or female follower of Bacchus, -e female only

number

family,

more than

in seven generations, of

—

fifty

whom

Johann Sebastian (1685the greatest was 1750) (of the fifth generation) composer of orchestral, instrumental, and choral music;

—

were his father’s cousin, Johann Christoph (1642-1703) composer; and Wilhelm Frieof J.S.B.’s twenty children, Carl Philipp Emanuel, demann (1710-84); also important

—

(one word)

St

— Francis (1909-92) Irish painter; —

Roger

(c.1214-94) English philosopher, sci-

entist,

and Franciscan

friar

Baconian

bacchant/

in

side

baclava use baklava Bacon,/ Sir Francis (often incorrectly Lord) (1561-1626) Baron Verulam and Viscount Albans;

(revelry)

Bach,/ German musical

—

Commerce,

abbr. B.Com.;

bacill/us

a wild hog; not baby-, -russa

Indian

Law, abbr.

—

Ba’ath an

babiroussa

Civil

Engineering, abbr. BCE;

BM, MB;

whites by whites

babu an

— Arts, abbr. BA;

Litt.B.; in Fr. B.

Baalbek Syria baas (Afrik.) master, boss baaskap (Afrik.) domination,

—

Architecture, abbr. B.Arch.; Art of Obstetrics,

B.Agr.;

b. base, (Heb.) ben, billion, (meteor.) blue sky,

,

—

usually referred to as C. P. E. (1714-88), develJohann oper of sonata and symphony form; Johann Christoph Friedrich (1732-95); Christian (1735-82) ‘the English Bach’

—

—

pertaining to Roger Bacon, or to Sir Francis Bacon, or to the theory that Sir Francis Bacon wrote Shakespeare’s plays

bacshish use baksheesh bacteri/um a microscopic organism,

pi. -a;

•cide

bade see bid Baden-Baden Germany

(h)q)hen)

Baden-Poweli,/ Robert (Stephenson Smyth), Baron (1857-1941) founder of Boy Scouts, 1908, and, with his sister

— Agnes

(1858-1945), Girl Guides, 1910 (hyphen)

Baden-Wurttemberg (two

ts);

see also

a

German Land

(hyphen)

Wiirttemberg

badinage humorous

ridicule (not

ital.)

BAe

25

Balnibarbi I

BAe

British Aerospace

Baedeker, Karl (1801-59) guidebook publisher

Baffin/ Bay,

BAFU

— Island, NE America: not -ns, -n’s and Allied Workers’ Union

Bakers’, Food,

Bakewell/ tart properly — pudding baklava a Turkish pastry, not bac-

baksheesh (Arab., Turk.) a gratuity not the many variants (not ital.) bal. balance

bagarre (Fr. m.) scuffle, brawl Bagehot, Walter (1826-77) English economist and writer

balaclava

bagel

balanceable

not beigel

Baghdad

Bagd-

Iraq, not

Bagneres/ de Bigorre dep. Hautes-Pyrenees, France; — de Luchon dep. Haute-Garonne, France

or alms,

(in full

— helmet) not -klava (not

cap.)

balalaika a Russian stringed instrument not -cable

Balboa, Vasco Nunez de (1475-1519) Spanish explorer and discoverer of the Pacific Ocean

Balbriggan Co. Dublin,

also knitted cotton

goods

bagnio/ a bathing-house, oriental prison,

baldachin

brothel: pi. -s

not -quin

bale/ (noun) a package, abbr. bl., pi. bis.; (arch.) destruction, woe; (verb) make into a package; out escape from an aircraft by parachute;

Bagnoles dep. Orne, France Bagnols dep. Card, France

—

bail

cf.

bagpip/e(s), -er (one word)

B.Agr. (US) Bachelor of Agriculture

Bale

Baha’/i a religion initiated by Baha’u’llah (1817-92), -ism

Balearic Islands a group of Spanish islands in the Mediterranean

Baham/as W. Indies, indep. 1973; -ian Bahasa Indonesia the offlcial language

Balfour,/ Baron, of Burleigh; rye; Earl of three distinct

of

Baiae Naples B.A.I. Dub. Bachelor of Engineering, University of Dublin

Baikal,

(Fr. f.)

Lake

box

a theatre

at stalls level

Russia

prisoner, a cross-piece over

stumps in

cricket,

the outer line of fortifications; (verb) deliver goods in trust, secure release on bail, (hist.)

scoop water out

bailee (law) one for a purpose

to

of; cf.

whom

bale

goods are entrusted

bailey the outer wall of a castle; Old Bailey London’s Central Criminal Court of a

(Sc.)

an alderman;

-ry the jurisdiction

bailie, not -iary

bailiwick the Baillie,

Joanna

of a bailiff

(1762-1851) Scottish poet

Bailliere Tindall Ltd publishers (accent)

cf.

who

entrusts goods to a bailee;

Magazine,

— Directory

bain-marie a double

Bairam/

(apos.)

boiler, pi. bains-

either of two annual Muslim festivals; Greater falls at the end of the Islamic year. Lesser falls at the end of Ramadan

—

—

Baireuth Bavaria, Bairut Lebanon,

Bakelite

Balkan Mountains Bulgaria Balkhan Mountains Transcaspia Ball/aarat Victoria, Australia; use -arat ation (esp. in the 19th

Ballantine,/

James

imit-

its

c.)

(1808-77) Scottish artist

— William (1812-86) English

and poet;

serjeant-at-law

Ballantyne/,

James

(1774-1821), Sir

—

W.

(1772-1833) and Scott’s printers

—

,

John

and pub-

Press founded by them in 1796; R(obert) M(ichael) (1825-94) Scottish writer for boys

—

,

Ballarat Victoria, Australia: not -aarat ballet ball

dancer

game

(two words)

(two words)

College Oxford;

ballistic/

(adj.), -s (pL,

the science (two

balionj d’essai

how

a

new

see also Baliol

usually treated as sing.)

Is)

(Fr.

m.) an experiment to see

policy etc. will be received,

pi. -s

d’essai

bailer

Baity’s !

see also Baliiol

baulk (except in US)

use

Baliiol

office or jurisdiction

bailor (law) one

balk

lishers;

bailer (naut.) one who bails water out, a scoop used for bailing; cf. bailor; bale

bailie/

titles

ballade a medieval French poem, also

bail (noun) a security for the appearance of

(naut.)

— Baron, of Inch-

—

Baliol an Anglo-Norman family;

islands, Persian Gulf; not -ein

baignoire

Basle

for

Bali/ Indonesia, -nese

Indonesia

Bahrain

Fr.

(propr.)

use

Bay-

use Beirut

ballot/, -ed, -ing (one

t)

—

ballpark/ (one word), figure an approximately correct number

ballroom (one word) Ballsbridge Co. Dublin (one word)

ballyhoo commotion, sensational publicity Balnibarbi the country of the ‘projectors’ in Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels

baloney

bark

26

|

baloney humbug,

blather, drivel, not boloney;

bologna

a type of sausage, use

BALPA

and

British Air Line Pilots’ Association

Baluchi

a native of Baluchistan; not Be-, Bi-

baluster an upright supporting a rail, commonly of stone and outdoors, the whole structure being a balustrade;

cf.

banister

Balzac/, Honore (self-styled) de (1799-1850) French writer, -ian; Jean Louis Guez de (1596-1654) French writer

—

(It.

,

not -burg

m.) baby,

pi.

-#; f.

,

volume,

pi.

Bande:

abbr. Bd.,

bed and breakfast (Fr.

dessinees, abbr.

banderole bandolero

f.)

a

comic

strip, pi. -s

BD

Bangkok

barberry a shrub of genus

Barbour

India

(1899-1970) English con-

not barbital (US)

(propr.)

barcarole

a Venetian gondolier’s song, in Fr.

barcarolle

B.Arch. Bachelor of Architecture

Barclays Bank pic. (no

banister an upright supporting a rail, commonly of wood, used indoors on a staircase, the whole structure being banisters (pL); not cf.

John

ductor

barbiturate any derivate of barbituric acid

banyan

bannister;

(US)

Berberis, not ber-, -ery

a tropical bird

barbitone a sedative drug,

‘Land of the Bengalis’, formerly Pakistan (one word)

bank

barbecu/e not -que; -es, -ed, -ing barbed wire (two words), not barbwire

Barbirolli, Sir

belt for cartridges; not -oleer, -alier

Bangladesh

banjo/

-ise

N. Africa

a Spanish brigand

Thailand, not Bank-

use

Barbary

barrel

-ric;

not -oes; abbr. Barb., adj. -ian

barbette a gun platform

Bangalore Mysore,

E.

sphere (not cap.)

barbet

Bandung Indonesia, not Bandoeng bang an Indian hemp, use bh-

banian

abbr. bap.

not banderol

bandolier a

christening

-try

-ise,

barbarize not (b.

1916) Sinhalese stateswoman. Prime Minister Sri Lanka 1960-5, 1970-7, and since 1994

bande/ dessinee

cf,

Baptist abbr. Bapt.

Barbad/os

of

b.

religious rite symbolizing admis-

bar. barleycorn; baromet/er,

Bandaranaike, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias

&

baptism the

(law) called to the (cap.); a unit of pressure, 10^ newtons per sq. m., approx, one atmo-

bandanna a handkerchief, not -ana Banda Oriental (hist.) Uruguay

b.

BAO Bachelor of Art of Obstetrics BAOR British Army of the Rhine

Bar

Bde.

pi.

-ian

banzai a Japanese battle cry; a greeting used to the Japanese emperor (not ital.)

baptize not

Benares

for

(Ger. m.) a

banyan an Indian fig tree, not Banyoles Catalonia, Spain

baptistery not

banal commonplace

Banaras Hind,

a large group of Cent., E., African native peoples and languages

-a pi. -e

Bamburgh Northumb.

Band

S.

sion to the Christian Church;

Bamberg Germany, bambinjo

Bantu designating

baluster

Barclays de Zoete company, abbr.

bard

apos.)

Wedd

a British financial

BZW

a Celtic minstrel; the winner of a Welsh verse at an Eisteddfod; a poet cap.); the Bard (of Avon) Shakespeare

(hist.)

prize for (not

pi. -s

(cap.)

abbr. bk.

Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, India; not

banking abbr. bkg. banknote (one word)

Barenboim, Daniel

Bankok use Bangbank paper a thin,

Barents Sea

Israeli

strong paper

(b.

-eli

1942) Argentinian-born

musician N. of

Norway and

Russia; not

-’s,

-’z

banlieue

(Fr.

banneret/

f.)

precinct, suburb

(law) a

knight

commanding

his

own

troops in battle, or a knight made on the field of battle; -te a small banner

bannister

banns

not bans

banquet/, -ed, ey

Boheme boheme

(Fr. f.)

bona/ fide

America

S.

Bohemia (the territory) f.) bohemian person, (f.)

m.,

(Fr.

lective noun Bohemian/ (a

col-

bon-bon/

unclaimed goods

(law)

a kind of sweet (one

-niere a box for sweets (not

cap.)

bon chic bon genre

-ne Bohemian, Gypsy

(Fr.) f.

— tides good faith

ital.)

Bonaparte a Corsican family, not Buonaparte bona/ peritura (Lat.) perishable goods, — vacantia

for non-traditional artists

native) of Bohemia (cap.); socially

unconventional person, -ism (not

bohemienj

genuine(ly),

(Lat.)

(no accent, not

Bohr,/ Niels (Hendrik David) (1885-1962) and his son Aage (b. 1922) Danish physicists

—

(Fr.)

word

(of a person) well

dressed, well bred; abbr. B.C.B.G.

bon/-chretien a pear,

pi.

-s-chretiens

boilermaker (one word) suit (two words) boiler/ room,

bond abbr. bd. bondholder (one word) bond paper a hard, strong paper Bonduca use Boudicca

boiling point (two words) abbr. BP, b.p.

Bo’ness

Adrien (1775-1834)

Boi'eldieu, Fran9ois

French composer

—

Bokhara river, NSW, Australia; see also Bubokmal the literary language of Norway, formerly riksmal, which is now sometimes used to denote a more conservative form of it (not cap.)

Boldizsar, Ivan

(b.

this, abbr. b.f.

jacket; pi. -s

Boney

Anne (1507-36) second wife of Henry of England

bolivar a Venezuelan monetary unit

Simon

Bolivar,

(1783-1830)

S.

Bowness

a sobriquet of Napoleon;

bon/ gout (Fr. m.) good taste; whether one likes or not

pat-

riot

bonhomous bonjour

cf.

bony

— gre, mal gre,

Heinrich (Theodor) (1917-85) German Bononia;

in Lat.

but spaghetti

adj.

Bolognese,

bolognese

bologna

Bolshevik an advocate of proletarian tatorship by soviets; a

member of the

dic-

majority

group of the Russian Social Democratic

Communist

Party, opp. to

Party,

Menshevik

bolts

(bind.) the three outer edges of a folded sheet before trimming

Boltzmann constant

(phys.)

pill, soft

symbol k

ball of

chewed

food, pi.

-es

noun) a large sum of money or a resounding success in British slang, but a (colloq.

disastrous failure in

Bombardier

Bombay

cap. as

India, in

US slang

title,

abbr. Bdr.

Maratha and properly Mum-

bombazine

a fabric; not -basine, -bazeen,

ital.)

(Fr.)

a cheap shop, cheap (two

a witticism, pi. -s

mots

(two words,

ital.)

bonne

(Fr. f.) a maid bonne/ bouche (Fr.)

a dainty morsel, pi. -s

— foi good faith; — fortune suc-s fortunes', — grace gracefulness,

bouches', pi. -s

graces

bonnet/, -ed, -ing (one

t)

bonnet rouge (Fr. m.) a Republican’s cap Bononia (Lat.) Bologna, Italy bonsai

(Jap.) a

bonsoir

dwarfed tree or shrub

m.) good evening, goodnight (one

(Fr.

bontebok (Afrik.) a pied antelope, not -buck bon ton (Fr. m.) good style bon vivant/ one fond of luxurious food (no hyphen, not ital.), pi. -s; the feminine, bonne vivante,

is

bon viveur

not in French usage

a pseudo-Fr. substitute for

bon

(Fr.

cook,

f.)

a conical confection, often

viv-

ant (not in French usage)

bon voyage! pleasant journey! bony of or like bone, not -ey; cf. Boney boob tube (si.) a woman’s closefitting,

strap-

(US sL, usually preceded by the) television (two words)

Booerhave

-bycine

frozen

of bonhomie (not

less top;

bai

bombe

full

word)

bolshie uncooperative

bolus/ a large

a personification of the

m.) good day (one word)

(Fr.

cess, pi.

bolometer a radiation measurer boloney humbug, use bal-; a type of sausage,

later the

good nature

m.) pleasant fellow, friar

words) not

wi'iter Italy,

(Fr.

Bonhomme, Jacques

bon/ mot

Bologna

geniality,

bonhomme

bon marche

American

Bolivia/, -n abbr. Bol.

bomb

Borrowstounness) Cent-

(apos.); see also

French peasant

Boleyn,

use

(originally

Scotland

bonhomie

1912) Hungarian v^iter

bolero/ a Spanish dance, a woman’s short

Boll,

ral

Bonheur, Rosa (1822-99) French painter

boldface type heavy, as

VIII

in US),

ital.)

boogie/,

book

see

Boerhaave

-d, -ing, -s;

-woogie

abbr. bk., pi. bks.

(hyphen)

bookbinder

bouilli

38

|

bookbind/er, -ing (one word)

bookcase

a cabinet

with shelves for books (one

word)

book case

(print.)

an outer covering

for a

book

(two words)

bookend

(one word)

bookkeep/er, -ing (one word) bookmak/er, -ing (one word)

when

be in

cited, to

an institution for reformative now called detention centre, young offender institution, or youth custody centre, although borstal (not cap.) remains as a slang term to describe any of these

Booksellers Association, quoted; for abbrs.

(typ.)

see

abbr.

pi. -s

bosbok Affik. for bushbuck Boscan de Almogaver, Juan

italic;

but

(c.1487-1542)

Italian-born Spanish poet

Bosch, Hieronymus

book/seller, -shop, -stall (one word)

books of Scripture

(cap.);

borzoi/ a Russian wolfhound,

roman, no quote marks

series titles

not bortsch; in Russ.

(hist.)

training

book-rest (hyphen) titles of

boron symbol B borough abbr. bor. borscht a Russian soup, borshch Borstal

bookmark/, -er (one word) bookmobile (US) = mobile library Book-of-the-Month Club (US) (hyphens) bookplate (one word) books,

Borodin, Aleksandr (Porfirevich) (1834-87) Russian composer and chemist

(71450-1516) Dutch

painter

BA

approx.

bosun contr. of boatswain Bosnia-Hercegovina a republic of the former Yugoslavia, in Serbo-Croat Bosna Hercegovina

margins

Bosporus

not to be

bo’s’n,

italic,

nor

separate entries

i

book trim 3

(bind.)

mm off head,

standard trim foredge,

bookwork (one word) Boole/, George (1815-64)

and

is

tail

English logician and

mathematician, -an

Boone, Daniel (1735-1820) American explorer and colonizer

bootee Bootes

-ie

booze (to) drink; not -se, cf. bouse Bophuthatswana a former black homeland, Africa

Bordeaux/

dep. Gironde, France; a claret or

— mixture

any wine of Bordeaux; and copper sulphate, to

kill

of lime fungus and insect

botan/y, -ical,

wool, esp. from Australia

bordereau

and varieties to be ital., all other divisions roman; order, family, cultivar

m.) a

memorandum,

docket

a hut, not

Botswana

-tt-

-ie

sacred tree of India, not bodh S.

land Botticelli,

Sandro

(1445-1510) Florentine

a border

bank

(two words)

bottle/-brush, -feed, -fed, -green (hyphens)

Boucher de Perthes, Jacques

a region of Scotland

round the edge of a

(Gr.

myth.) the god of the north wind

Borehamwood

Herts.

Borges, Jorge Luis (1899-1986) Argentinian

(1788-1868)

French archaeologist

Boucicault, Dion (1822-90)

shield

Boreas

—

African rep. formerly Bechuana-

bottle/neck, -nose dolphin (one word)

borderland (one word)

(her.)

(Sc.)

bo tree the

bottle

an ornament

(Fr.

(cap.)

-ist abbr. bot.; genera, species,

painter

on plants

(typ.)

Borders bordure

not -ise

Botany merino

bothy

Borak, Al the winged horse on which Muhammad, in a vision, ascended to heaven

border

a laudatory biography (cap.)

botfly (one word), not

bor. borough

parasites

Boswellize write botanize

a northern constellation con-

taining Arcturus

S.

Bossuet, Jacques Benigne (1627-1704) French bishop and writer B.o.T. Board of Trade

a small (e.g. baby’s) boot, not (astr.)

separating European and

strait

Asian Turkey, not Bosph-

Boudicca name is

Irish playwright

queen of the Iceni; the reconstructed as Boudika in British, Boudicca in Tacitus’ Latin, and miscopied as Bonduca; see also Boadicea (d.

ad

61)

writer

boudoir

Borghese an Italian family Borgia,/ Cesare (1476-1507),

— Lucrezia (1480-1519), — Rodrigo (1431-1503)

born/ of child, with reference -e carried, also of birth

to birth, abbr. b.;

when

‘by’

of mother) follows

bornje

(Fr.) f.

-ee narrow-minded

(with

name

(not

ital.)

bouffant puffed out,

as a dress (not

ital.)

bougainvillea a tropical plant

Bouguereau, William Adolphe (1825-1905) French painter

bouillabaisse a thick bouilli

(Fr.

m.) stewed

fish

meat

soup (not (ital.)

ital.)

Brandt

bouillon

39

I

bouillon broth (not

BP

ital.)

Boule

an ancient Greek

a legislative council in

city state

boule

a

French game akin to bowls (not

boule, boulle

(inlay) use

boulevard/ abbr.

present (uncalibrated) (lower case)

Bp. Bishop

buhl

boul.; -ier a

‘man about town’

(Fr.) f.

Boulez, Pierre

Boulogne

(b.

b.p. below proof, bills payable, blood pressure, boiling point

BPC

British Pharmaceutical

1925) French composer

deps. Haute-Garonne, Pas-de-Calais,

b.p.i. (comput.) bits (see bit) per inch

BPIF

Bourn Cambs. bourn a stream, Bourne Lines.

-e

becquerel

BR

(hist.)

(Fr.

one of the middle

class (not

m.)

class,

Br. British, Brother (monastic

title)

bra formerly common colloquialism and now the usual term for brassiere (no point)

Bradford: the signature of the Bishop of Brad-

Braggadochio

lively

dance, the music for this

bourse a foreign money-market, esp. in Paris bouse (naut.) haul, not -wse; cf. booze; bowser boustrophedon written from left to right and on alternate

lines, esp. in Gr. or

Etruscan inscriptions

braggadocio empty boasting

boutonniere

a spray of flowers worn in a buttonhole (accent, not ital.)

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros diplomat and politician

(b.

1922) Egyptian

Brahma

the supreme Hindu god (not

Ocean

Brahman/

a

not

Brahmoism brail haul

after Christmas

abbr. b.o. (two words)

box/room, -wood (one word) boyar (hist.) a member of the old

boycott exclude from society or business (not cap.), from Capt. Charles C. Boycott (183297)

Boy Scout now Scout

through

Tibet,

oldest alphabets in the cf.

Kharoshthi

(US) a socially or intellectually super-

Brahman

reformed theistic Hinduism

a

up

Braille signs composed of raised dots replacing letters, for the blind (cap.)

John

Braine,

(1922-86) English novelist

braise

(cook.) not -ze; cf.

brake/

(for

break, aristocracy

in Russia

boyfriend (one word)

a river flowing

ior person; pi. -s; not

(caps.)

eli-

-s; adj. -ical (cap.);

and Bangladesh

bowled

etc.;

are traditionally

Brahmin

Brahmaputra

Brahmin/

Bowness Cumbria; see also Bo’ness bowser a tanker used for fuelling aircraft

(not

of the highest Hindu

gible for the priesthood; pi.

bowdlerize expurgate, from Dr Thomas Bowdler (1754-1825) (not cap.)

cf. booze; bouse Boxing Day the first weekday

member

whose members

Indian subcontinent;

(cricket) abbr. b.

ital.)

cap.)

Brahmi one of the two

(Norw.) Antarctic

ital.)

brahma/, -putra an Asian domestic fowl

India,

bouts-rimes rhymed endings

(not

Brahe, Tycho (1546-1601) Danish astronomer

caste,

— office

a character in Spenser’s Faerie

Queene

ital.)

box/ number;

Railways

bracket/, -ed, -ing

(arch.) a limit; not -ne

Dorset

bourree an old

Day

—

point)

‘Braban9onne, La’ the Belgian national anthem

ital.)

Bournville Birmingham

Bouvet Island

British Rail, formerly

ford (colon)

Bournemouth

right to left

Bq

Br bromine (no

bouquinist a second-hand bookseller, bouquiniste f.

British Printing Industries Federation

bpi. birthplace

bounceable not -cable bouncy not bouncey bound abbr. bd. bouquetin the ibex

bourgeois/ (Fr.) “ie the middle

Codex

B.Phil. Bachelor of Philosophy

France

(not

BP before present (calibrated) (small caps.), to 3e placed after the numerals; but note bp before

ital.)

-ee overturned, -ement (m.) a violent inversion

boulevers/e

boiling point, British Petroleum, British

Pharmacopoeia

boul. boulevard

Br.

Am.

—

braze

wheel, a large vehicle, etc.) not horsepower (two words)

British America(n)

Bramah/, Ernest (1867-1942) English writer, — Joseph (1749-1814) English inventor of ,

— lock etc.

brand

new

not

bran

Brandt, Willy (1913-92) German statesman. Chancellor of W. Germany 1969-74

Brandywine

Bridgnorth

40

{

Brandywine

American War of

a battle of the

Independence, 1777

brant goose

wright; not

use brent- (except in US)

Brantome, Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur de (1540-1614) French writer Brasenose Coiiege Oxford Brasilia new capital of Brazil, 1960 brass/, (binder’s)

(t5rp.)

—

a die for blocking

book

rule (typ.) for printing simple cases, pi. -es; borders or lines between columns of type

brassard

badge worn on the arm

a

a golf club

with a brass

sole, not -y

brassiere a woman’s undergarment supporting the breasts, a bra (no accent)

brassiere/ Can.

(Fr.

cf.

(Fr. f.) f.)

bra;

(baby’s) vest or undershirt,

— de sauvetage

jacket;

life

soutien-gorge

bratticing

(archit.)

(It.)

‘well done!’ (to a

woman);

-o! (to a

man) bravo/ a desperado,

pi. -es;

breeches for aprons in

breeches buoy

a cry of ‘well done!’,

-ian

Gen.

3:

Bible,

with

7

a life-saving apparatus (two

words)

Bren gun

a light

brent goose

Breslau

machine-gun (two words)

not bra- (US)

Ger. for

Bretagne/

Italy

Wroclaw

(Poland)

for Brittany,

Fr.

— Great

Grande

Britain

Breton

(an inhabitant) of Brittany, abbr. Bret.

Bretton

Woods NH (UN Monetary

Conference,

1944)

bretzel use pretzel

Breughel

open carved work,

(coal-mining) wooden shaft-lining or screen Brauneberger a white wine Braunschweig Ger. for Brunswick

brav/a!

-th-, -d; adj.

Brecon Powys breech birth (two words) Breeches Bible the 1560 Geneva

Brescia Lombardy,

brasserie a beer garden, licensed restaurant; brasserie (Fr. f.) also a brewery

brassie

Brecht/, Bertolt (1898-1956) German play-

use

Brueghel

or

Bruegel

brev. brevet, -ed a curved mark vowel or syllable

breve

brevet d’invention

(”)

to indicate a short

m.) a patent

(Fr.

brevete s.g.d.g. (Fr.) patented without government guarantee {sans garantie du gouvemement)

pi. -s

braze

to solder; not -ise, -ize;

cf.

breviary a book containing RC daily service

braise

brazier a worker in brass, a pan for holding lighted coal; not -sier

Brazzaville capital of Republic of Congo, Cent. Africa

BRCS British Red Cross Society BRD (Ger.) Bundesrepublik Deutschland,

break/

Federal

word)

(typ.)

breakdown

(noun) a collapse, analysis of stat(one word)

Breakspear, Nicholas Pope Adrian IV 1154-9, not -eare

Breathalyser (noun) a device

out

-yzer (US) (cap

test,

for testing

in the breath; not );

breathalyse

ating the presence (rough

brick/bat, -work (one word)

Bridge End Cumbria, Devon,

Bridgend

Corn.,

Donegal, Glos., clyde, Tayside

')

Lines.,

Shetland

Cumbria (near Patterdale), Co. Lothian, Mid Glam., Strath-

Bridge of Allan Central Bridge of San Luis Rey, The novel by Thorn-

or the absence

(smooth ’) of an aspirate breccia a rock composed of angular

Ala., Calif.,

Conn., Nebr.,

Pa.,

Tex.

Bridges, Robert (Seymour) (1844-1930) English poet. Poet Laureate 1913-30

Bridges Creek

Va.,

birthplace of George Wash-

ington

breathing/ (typ.) either of two signs in Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, and other languages indic-

Brechin Tayside

of

-iser,

(verb) carry

not -yze (US) (not cap.)

ments, not -cchia

like Briareus,

bribable not -eable

Bridgeport

breakup (noun, one word)

-izer,

bri/ar use -er in all senses, but (US) briar pipe. Sweet Briar Coiiege, Sweet Briar, Va.

ton Wilder, 1927

breakthrough (noun, one word)

amount of alcohol

General

bric-a-brac (hjq^hens, no accent) -fruit, -line (one

the division into a fresh paragraph, -line the last one of a paragraph (hyphen); see also brake

istics

(llich) (1906-82)

USSR Communist Party 1964-82; of the Supreme Soviet 1977-82

Briarean many-handed, Greek myth.; not -ian

Germany

bread/board, -crumb,

Secretary,

President

Brazil/, -ian abbr. Braz.

Republic of

Brezhnev, Leonid

Bridgeton Glasgow; NJ Corn., Som., Staffs., Co. Wexford, Barbados; NS, Canada; W. Australia

Bridgetown

Bridgewater/ NS, Canada; Duke of — (1736frag-

1803), projector of the

— Canal; Earl of — — Treatises

(1756-1829), founder of the

Bridgnorth Shropshire

,

Brownian motion

Bridgwater

41

|

Bridgwater Som., not Bridgebridle path (two words)

Broadoak

bridle-road (hyphen)

broadside (US

bridleway (one word)

Brobdingnag the land of giants

Corn., Dorset, Glos., Kent, Shrop-

shire

liver’s Travels,

brier/, -root (hyphen); not briar, brere

typ.) (adj.)

= landscape

broccoli a hardy cauliflower;

brier rose (two words) not briar, brere

in Swift’s Gul-

1726; not -digIt. pi.,

but Eng.

sing, or pi.

Brig, brigad/e,

-ier

Brillat-Savarin,

Anthelme

brochet/ (Fr. m.) freshwater (food cooked on) a skewer

(1755-1826)

French gastronome

Broderers

brimfull (one word)

bring up (typ.) to underlay or interlay a block to bring it to printing height

a livery

pike; -fe

(Fr.

f.)

company

broderie anglaise open embroidery on white linen or cambric (not ital.)

= grill Bromberg Ger. for Bydgoszcz bromine symbol Br

broil (US)

brio (mus.)

vigour

fire, life,

briquette a block of compressed coal dust, not -et

bronch/i

brisling a Norwegian sprat, not brist-

the

pi.

main

forks of the

(sing, -us), -ia, pi. ramifications

Bristol: the signature of the Bishop of Bristol

-ioles their

windpipe

of the above;

minute branches

(colon)

bronco/ Bristol-board a cardboard used by artists (hyphen; two words, not cap. in US) Britain more correctly Great Britain, the land mass of England, Scotland, and Wales, with some of its immediately surrounding islands. The United Kingdom adds Northern Ireland to these, though not the Isle of Man and

Channel

Islands; British Isles

is

the Republic of Ireland, the the Channel Islands

Isle

a geo-

and includes of Man, and

Briticism idiom current in Britain, not ishism British/ abbr. Brit.; ation abbr. BA;

—

— —

—

—

—

—

Britisher use Briton British Indian Ocean Territory a group of 2,300 islands in the Indian Ocean, governed as a British colony from Diego Garcia

britschka

Britannia Inferior

and

Britannia Super-

ior)

Brittany in

Fr.

Bro. Brother (monastic

bryczka

title)

bros.

Sussex

;

,

Rupert not

Brookline Mass.

Brooklyn a borough of New York City Brooks’s Club London, not -es’s broomstick (one word) Brother (monastic title) abbr. Bro. brother/ abbr.

b., bro.; pi. -s,

brethren, abbr.

— german having same parents; -in-law, brothers-in-law, — uterine having bros.;

pi.

brougham

(hist.) a horse-drawn closed carriage or motor car with an open driver’s seat (not cap.), pron. ‘broom’

—

—

)

,

1858) Scottish botanist Rl, abbr.

Browne,/ Charles Farrar Knight (1815-82) English illustrated Dickens;

—

BU

see

Ward;

— Hablot

pseud. Phiz, Sir Thomas (1605-82) artist,

English physician and author Dorset, Hereford,

—

Lancelot (called Capability (1716-83) English landscape gardener; Robert (1773-

Brown University

thorne, Berks.

E.

— —

Institute

,

Pol.

Broad-Churchman (caps., hyphen) Broad Haven Dyfed, Co. Mayo Broadmoor a psychiatric hospital, CrowBroad Oak Cumbria,

brooch not -ach Brooke/ Leics., Norfolk; Baron

a commotion, uproar (not ital.) Brown/, Ford Madox (1821-93) English painter, — John (1800-59) US abolitionist,

Baron

britzka a Polish open carriage, in

pi.

writers

brontosaurus former term for apatosaurus Bronx, the a borough of New York City bronzing (typ.) printing in yellow and then dusting with bronze powder to imitate gold

brouhaha

Bretagne

Britten, (Edward) Benjamin, (1913-76) British composer

bro. brother,

— —

same mother only

use britzka

Britt, (on coins) Britanniarum, ‘of the Britains’

(Roman

Bronte,/ Anne (1820-49) pseud. Acton Bell, Charlotte (1816-55) pseud. Currer Bell, Emily (1818-48) pseud. Ellis Bell, English

Brookings Institution Washington, DC;

America abbr. Br. Am.; Columbia abbr. BC; Guyana now Guyana; Honduras now Belize; Library abbr. BL; Museum abbr. BM; Rail abbr. BR; Standard abbr. BS (see BSI)

—

not -cho; pi.

(1887-1915), English poet

Brit-

— Academy, — Associ-

Mexican horse,

-s

Brit. Britain; Britann/ia, -icus, -ica; British

graphical, not a political, term,

a type of

Brownian motion of particles Robert Brown)

(observed by

Brownie

budget

42

|

Brownie

Guide

a junior

(cap.); a

b.s. balance sheet, bill of sale

Scottish

house-spirit (not cap.)

browse

BRS

BSA Birmingham

to read desultorily, eat; not -ze

BSC

Road Services

British

Bruckner, Anton (1824-96) Austrian composer Bruegel, Pieter (c.l 520-69) Flemish painter; Brueghel, Pieter (1564-1638) and Jan (15681625) his sons, also painters; not Breu-

Bruges Belgium,

Brummagem ham,

in

Brugge

(adj.)

bovine spongiform encephalopathy, a usually fatal disease of cattle; commonly

tawdry

(1778-1840)

,

BSI

Birmingham

and NZ)

made

Marc Isambard

(1769-1849) and his son, University Uxbridge

—

and sculptor

with dark brown hair or masculine form is brown, brunet being seldom used

Anglicized form most familiar from is Brunhilda, properly Briinnhilde

Wagner

Brunonian (noun) an alumnus of Brown

Uni-

Dr John Brown of Edinburgh (1736-88)

Brussels

Eng. for Braunschweig,

capital of Belgium; in

FI.

Germany

Brussel,

Bruxelles

(Pol.)

University, RI; Bucknell University

bu. bushel,

-s

not -ier

Buccleuch, Duke of Bucellas bon

Buch

a white

not -gh

wine from

book,

(Ger. n.)

Buckausgabe

for

Bucknail

Brussels

pi.

Bucellas, near Lis-

Bucher

in

Romanian Bucurefti;

(Ger.

f.)

edition of a

abbr.

book

Bucks.

Lines., Staffs.

Bucknell Oxon., Shropshire;

britzka

also a university

at Lewisburg, Pa. see

Brunhild

College Philadelphia abbr. bryol.

bryozoan

(of or relating to) any aquatic invertebrate animal of the phylum Bryozoa, prop-

erly not polyzoan

Brython Welsh

for Briton, a

buckram

a coarse fabric, (bind.) a

good quality

cloth

bryology the study of mosses,

S.

British Celt

(the language) of the Celts in Britain

or Brittany

Brzezinski, Zbigniew (b. 1928) Polish-born US academic and statesman

BS

Baptist Union; Boston University, Mass.;

not Buka-

Brynmawr Gwent

Brythonic

Unit(s)

-ise

Fr.

Mawr

BU

Buckinghamshire

Brynhild a Norse heroine,

Bryn

Thermal

apos.)

unsweetened

brutalize not

bryczka

no

cap.,

British

Fr.

Bruxelles

(Fr.)

BTU

B.th.Ui or B.t.u. or bty. battery

Bucharest Romania,

Brussels sprouts (one

Time (1968-71)

ahead of GMT)

British Tourist Authority

buccaneer

versity; (adj.) of the system of medicine of

Brunswick

1 hr.

Brown

the

Priinhilt);

1972), British Standard

B.Th. Bachelor of Theology

Brunhild (Ger. (orig. Burgundian) m)rth.) the queen won by Siegfried for Gunther; (Norse m5d;h.) spelt Brynhild, won by Sigurbr for Gunnar; variations include (Middle High Bavarian

from (both

BTA

this colour of hair; the

Ger.) Briinhilt (in

BSJA British Show Jumping Association BSR British School at Rome BST British Summer Time (before 1968 and

Bt. Baronet, not Bart.

woman

brunette a

in the BS Yearbook

record

Isambard Kingdom (1806-59)

architect

is

B-side the secondary side of a gramophone

NW Borneo

British engineers;

of British Standards

counterfeit, showy,

Brunelleschi, Filippo (1377-1446) Italian

brut

British Standards Institution; a complete

list

Brunei/, Sir

—

or relating to

(Austral,

or cheaply

disease’

b.s.g.d.g. see brevete s.g.d.g.

Brummie from

brummy

‘mad cow

called

Brummell, George Bryan, ‘Beau’

Brunei

British Steel Corporation

B.Sc. Bachelor of Science; B.Sc.(Econ.) Bachelor of Science in faculty of Economics; B.Sc. (Eng.) Bachelor of Science Engineering, Glas.; B.Sc.Tech. Bachelor of Technical Science

BSE

derogatory form of Birming-

Brum;

abbr.

FI.

Small Arms, British School

Athens

at

Bachelor of Surgery or (US) Science, Blessed Sacrament, British Standard (see also BSI)

Budapest Hungary, not -pesth (one word). Collective name for two towms, Buda and Pest, fused in the 19th

c.

(meaning ‘The Awakened One’) denoting the founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama (c.490 bc-c.410 bc); as this is a title rather than a personal name,

Buddha

it

(Skt.)

a title

should be preceded by the

Buddh/ism, abbr.

-ist if

necessary divide as shown,

Budd.

budgerigar

a parakeet

budget/, -ed, -ing

buenas noches

43

buenlas noches

(Sp.)

goodnight; -as tardes

good afternoon; -os d/as good

day,

good morn-

ing

ama,

use

cap. of Argentina; also in Pan-

— Ayres in

titles

of Argentinian

rail-

way companies buffalo/

pi.

a German official institution since 1945; see also Reichsanstalt

lower houses of the

bundle

-es

buffet/, -ed, -ing (one

buffo (noun) a comic

neighbouring Breed’s

at

actor, esp. in Italian

comic, burlesque (not

opera

ital.)

comte

not

Bunsen burner

Buonaparte

use

buoyan/t, -cy

f.)

a standard pro-

nunciation of German, free of dialectal vari-

dir-

ector

buhl (inlaid with) brass, tortoiseshell, etc.; Ger. form of houle, from Andre Charles Boule (1642-1732) cabinetmaker to Louis XIV (Ger.

(one cap.)

Buhuel, Luis (1900-83) Spanish-born film

buona sera

Buhnenaussprache

Hill; not -er’s

-combe

Bugatti a sports car manufacturer

(It.)

Bonagood evening, buon giorno

good day

BUPA bur

British United Provident Association

a clinging seed vessel or catkin;

cf.

burr

Burckhardt, Jacob Christoph (1818-97)

ations

building abbr. bldg.,

pi.

Swiss historian

bldgs.

{Baccalaureus utriusque juris) Bachelor of

Canon and

Civil

Law

Bukarest use BuchBukhara Uzbekistan;

buksheesh bulbul

the upper and

abbr. bdl., pi. bdls.

bunkum

t)

Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, de (1707-88) French naturalist

BU J

(Ger.)

German Parliament

Bunker Hill Mass., a battle of the American War of Independence, 1775, actually fought

buffer state (two words)

(ital.j; (adj.)

Oil Co.

Bundesanstalt

Bundesrat, Bundestag

Buenos/ Aires

Burmah \

use

(1814-1906) English phil-

bureau/ see also

a writing-desk with drawers, (US) a chest of drawers; pi. -x (not ital.); -cracy, -crat, adj. -cratic

Bo-

bak-

the Asian song-thrush, the literary counterpart of a nightingale; a singer or poet

Bulfinch’s Mythology not

Bureau Veritas

maritime underwriters’

a

association at Brussels (two caps.)

burette a graduated

glass tube used in

chem-

buret

ical analysis, not

Bull-

burg, burgess, burgomaster

Bulgaria/, -n abbr. Bulg.

bulgur a wholewheat cereal food; ital.)

Baroness anthropist

(Pers.)

bulletin (not

Burdett-Coutts, Angela Georgina,

not -gar, -ghur

burgamot

use ber-

Burgerbibliothek Berne, not Bu-

abbr. bull.

bullring (one word)

burgess abbr. burg. burgh (hist.) Scottish borough or chartered

bull’s-eye the centre of a target, a lantern, a peppermint sweet (apos. and hyphen)

burgomaster

bull terrier (two words)

burgrave

bullfight/, -er, -ing (one word)

bulrush not

bulwark

town; status abolished in 1975

Burggraf

bull-

burgundy

a defence; not bull-, -work

Bulwer-Lytton,/ Edward George Earle Lytton, first Lord Lytton (1803-73) English novelist; Edward Robert first Earl of Lytton (1831-91) his son, English poet and diplomat, pseud. Owen Meredith

burhel

bumbag

burl a

—

(one word)

bumblebee (one word), not humblebumf papers, not bumph bumkin (naut.) a projection from bows

bump to

out

fill

v^ne (not

a

cap.)

use bharal

burial/ ground, place,

burk

— service

(two words)

use be-

Burkina Faso W.

lump

Africa, formerly

Upper Volta

in cloth

burl, burlesque

Burleigh, William Cecil, Lord (1520-98) English

or stern

of ship

bumpkin

(one word) abbr. burg,

a governor, not burgg-; in Ger.

statesman, chief minister to Elizabeth

also spelt

I;

Burghley

House London, headquarters of the Royal Academy, British Association, and other artistic and learned bodies

Burlington a yokel (typ.)

increase

word or letterspacing

a line, or line spacing to

Bumppo, Natty

fill

a page

the hero of James Fenimore Cooper’s ‘Leather-Stocking Tales’

bun/combe

use

-kum

Burm/a

not -ah (in

Burmese and

strict official

use Myanmar); -ese a native, national, or the language of Burma; pi. same; not -an, -ans

Burmah

Oil

Co. not Burma

Burne-Jones

bzw.

44

|

Burne-Jones, Sir Edward Coley (1833-98) English painter (hyphen)

Burnett, Frances Eliza

buyer’s option abbr.

Hodgson

(1849-1924) US writer burnous an Arab or Moorish hooded -e,

cloak; not

bernouse, -noose; in Arab, burnus

Burntisland

Fife (one

buttonhole (one word)

Didericus (1817-90) Dutch meteorologist

word)

(no hyphen)

burnt sienna an orange-red pigment, not siena

BV

burr a rough edge, a rough sounding of the letter r; a kind of limestone; cf. bur

B.V. pseud, of

burrito a flour

tortilla rolled

round a savoury

filling

Burroughs,/ Edgar Rice (1875-1950) US novelist, John (1837-1921) US naturalist and

— — William (1914-97) US novelist

bursar the treasurer of a

bus/ not

British

Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, a prefix to enuS.

Bach’s compositions

by- (as prefix) tends to form one word with the following noun, but hyphen still sometimes found in the cases below

Bydgoszcz

Poland, in Ger.

Bromberg

bye-bye

a familiar

form of goodbye (hyphens)

by-election (hyphen)

’bus; pi. -es; as verb -ed, -ing

bushbuck

(S. Afr.)

an antelope, in

Byelorussia now Belarus

Afrik. bos-

bok abbr. bu. (sing,

and

by-form

(h5rphen)

bygone

(one word)

(since 1991)

pi.)

by-lane (hyphen)

Herts., not -hy

bushido the code of the samurai

or Japanese

by-law

(h)q>hen,

one word in

US), not bye-

byline in journalism and football (one word)

military caste

Bushire Iran

byname

Bushy Park London

by/pass, -path, -play (one word)

businesslike (one word)

by /-plot, -product

business/man, -people, -person, -woman

by/road, -stander (one word)

(arch, or

US

colloq.) a kiss, pi. -es; as

not busi-

the state of being busy, distinct from

business

Buthelezi, Chief 1928)

Butler,

S.

Mangosuthu (Gatshaj

(b.

African politician

Samuel/

(Hudibras),

not

bye (hyphens)

(1612-80) English poet (1835-1902) English writer

(Erewhon)

in

the Bye Street

byte (comput.) a group of eight

verb, -ed, -ing

busybody busyness

a sobriquet (one word)

by-street (hyphen) but Masefield’s The Widow

(one word)

buss/

Mary

West Indies now Wl

bye/, -s (cricket) abbr. b.

hyphen)

Bushey

BWI

James Thomson

Beata Virgo Maria, the Blessed Virgin

by and by, by and large (no hyphens) by-blow a side blow, bastard (h}q)hen)

college, not -er

Burton upon Trent (no hyphens) Burundi Cent. Africa Bury St Edmunds Suffolk (no apos., no

bushel

BVM

meration of J.

butter

(It.)

poet,

Beata Virgo (the Blessed Virgin)

BWV

burro a donkey

burro

b.o.

buyout the purchase of a controlling share in a company etc. (one word; two words as verb) Buys Ballot, Christoph Hendrik

bits (see bit)

by the by (three words) by /way, -word (one word) byzant use beByzantine cap. when referring

to Byzantium, Empire, or its architecture, painting, or people; not cap. when referring to something extremely com-

the Eastern

Roman

plicated, inflexible, or

underhand

Butte Mont.

BZW

Barclays de Zoete

butter/fingers, -milk (one word)

bzw.

(Ger.) beziehungsweise (respectively)

Wedd

Cc C

carbon, Celcius or centigrade, centum (a huncoulomb, (comput.) a programming language, the third in a series, dred), (elec.)

(mus.)

C

common

time

cedi (currency of Ghana), colon (currency of El Salvador)

(as prefix) centi-s;

centime, century,

chapter (esp. in legal works or where indicating caput, otherwise prefer ch.), city, (meteor.) cloudy, colt, conductor, constable, copeck, cubic (ital.

cap.)

symbol

up

from words and (inverted

CA

‘C’)

to figures,

spaced

use K-

Central Advisory Committee

Member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, Chief Accountant, chronological age. Civil Aviation, College of Arms, commercial agent. Consumers’ Association, Controller of Accounts, Court of Appeal capital account,

commercial account,

credit account, current account

cachinnate

cachou

caciqu/e

Authority

use ca’ing-

nautics Board

pi. -s

(not

ital.)

evil spirit or

malig-

—

caco/graphy bad handwriting

or spelling, -logy bad choice of words or pronunciation, -phony dissonance, discord

Central Advisory Council for the Min-

now

ACCM

(bot.) pi.

-i

computer-aided design (that

(Fr.) c’est-a-dire

caddie

is

to say)

a golf attendant

or

cabbala Hebrew tradition: not k-, cabala, -alia Cabell, James Branch (1879-1958) US novelist

a piece of furniture or a small

room

committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy (not cap.); the (usually cap.)

Cable, George Washington (1844-1925) US writer

of a sea mile

a

gem

polished but not faceted, en

cabochon

(of a

gem) treated in

this

way

a

-worm

box

for

not -ice (hyphens)

keeping tea

cadi a Muslim judge,

Cadiz

cabana (US) a hut or shelter at a beach swimming pool, from (Sp.) cabana

(naut.) one-tenth

chief,

ital.)

—

caddy

Caballero/ a Spanish gentleman,

American

S.

(Lat. from Gr.) an urge to do something inadvisable (not ital.); loquendi an itch for speaking, scribendi an itch for writing (ital.)

caddis/-fly,

a secret faction

cabochon

W. Indian and

cacoethesj

c.-a-d.

Citizens’ Advice Bureau, (US) Civil Aero-

cable

a Spanish dance a

cadastral of or showing the extent, value, and ownership of land for taxation

use K-

cabinet

laugh loudly

nant person (not

CAD

cabal

(lit.)

a lozenge to sweeten breath, not

cashew

istry,

circa use c.

CAB

con-

taining medicine

ca.

caaing-whale

output

to limit

also cocco, cocoa cache/mere, -mire use cashmere cachet a distinctive mark, a capsule

cact/us

Civil Aviation

carefully!; the practice of

work

a tropical tree from whose seeds cocoa and chocolate are made, -tree (hyphen); see

ca. (law) cases

Caaba

go

cacao/

CACTM

calcium (no point)

CAA

(Sc.)

‘going slow’ at

caco/demon, -daemon an

500

Central America,

Ca

CAC

political boss; -ism; not caz-

letters

California (postal abbr.). Central Africa,

C/A

Lodge

see

fern, -e a second-rate actor, a

strolling player

cachucha

for capacitance

c. circa (about), set close

O

(Fr.)

ca’canny

c. (cricket) caught, cent,

C

cabotinj

Cabul

C. Cape, Catholic, century, chairman, chief. Church, Command Paper (q.v.) (1870-99) with number following, congressional. Conservative, consul, contralto. Council, counter-tenor. Court, Gaius

c

Cabot Lodge

city

and

port,

etc.

not k-

SW Spain;

Cadmean/

in Sp. Cadiz

of Cadmus of Thebes, not victory a ruinous one

-ian;

—

cadmium

symbol Cd cadre a nucleus of personnel (not ital.) caduce/us the wand of Hermes or Mercury, pi.

-i

caducous (bot.) tending to fall Caedmon (d. 670) English poet, Caenozoic (geol.) use CenCaermarthen use Car-

not Ce-

Caernarfon Gwynedd; not Car-, -von Caerns. Carnarvonshire, former county Wales

in

Calmann-Levy

Caerphilly

46

|

Caerphilly Mid Glam., also the cheese: in

Welsh

calcium symbol Ca calcspar use calcite

Caerffili

caerulean

use ce-

calculator not

Caesar/, -ean not Cesarian

(US)

Caesarea name of several ancient cities caesium symbol Cs, not ce- (US) caesura a division of a metrical line, not

CAF

(US) cost

and freight

cafe

a coffee

house

cafe/

au

lait

(Fr.

-uses, adj. -ar ce-

caldron

etc. (not ital.)

— noir

strong coffee without milk use Kaffir or Kafir

caftan

use k-

cag/ey shrewd, not -gy; adv. -ily, noun -eyness cagoule a waterproof outer garment, not kacahier/

m.) a paper book, sheets of a MS,

(Fr.

an exercise book;

Calderon de

la

ish playwright

m.) coffee with milk,

Caffre

-er

calcul/us a stony concretion in the body, pi. -i, adj. -ous; a system of computation, pi.

— efe doleances a register

of grievances presented to the States-General in 1789 (cap.)

Barca, Pedro (1600-81) Spanand poet

use caul-

calecannon use colccalendae calends, use kcalendar an almanac, abbr. cal.; not -er; not kexcept in some church contexts calend/er make smooth (cloth, paper, etc.), a machine that does

this; -erer

one who does

this, not -ar, k-

calender (Pers., Turk.) a dervish, not kcalends/ the first day of a Roman month, the Greek — a time that never comes; not k-

— leather, — love (two words)

CAI computer-assisted (or -aided) instruction Caiaphas a Jewish high priest, Luke 3: 2

calf/ abbr. cf.;

caiman

use

Cainan

a grandson of Seth; see also

Caliban/ a character in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, upon Setebos’ a poem by R. Brown-

calfskin (one word)

cay-

‘

Caine, Sir

Manx

Thomas Henry

Canaan

—

ing, 1864

Hall (1853-1931)

calibre not

-er (US)

novelist

ca’ing-whale the round-headed porpoise,

not

Caliburn King Arthur’s sword; not also Excalibur

Gala-, Gale-;

caa-

Cainozoic

calico/

Ceno-

(geol.) use

caique

a

ira’

(‘It

song: lit. process

will be!’) a ‘It

will go!’,

i.e.

caliper

the revolutionary

use

Gaius but

‘keys’; abbr. Cai.,

abbr.

CC

noun

flattery,

-ry (one

from French-speaking Acadian immigrants their language; see also Creole

caky

1)

(common f,

-ph are

use calli-

religious ruler

more learned forms use callis- (except in US)

= caulk

(US)

British

Callander Central called abbr. cld.

Cal. (California) use Calif,

calligraphy not

cal calorie (no point)

Calliope

calamanco/ a woollen calamar/G (It.) a squid,

stuff, pi.

found on most English menus

ground (not

-es

the

pi.

pi.

form

is

is

sometimes used

muse of eloquence and

cap.)

Caiiirrhoe

(Gr.

m d;h.) the wife of Alcmaeon 5

callisthenics gymnastic exercises, not

volume and

rate diminished,

abbr. cal.

calcareous chalky, not calcedony use chal-

cali-

myth.) the

calliper a metal leg-support, (pi.) compasses for measuring diameters of objects; not cali- (US)

for sing, or

pL, often rom.; the older form, calamary,

(mus.)

(Gr.

epic poetry (cap.); a steam organ at a fair-

cal. (mus.) calando; calendar

calceolaria a

and

Callaghan, Leonard James (b. 1912) statesman. Prime Minister 1976-9

or

not -ey

calando

civil

spelling), in Arab, kalffa; -ate; kali/

cal/ix (physiol., bioL), a cuplike cavity or organ, pi. -ices

calk

a Lousianian descended

computer-assisted learning

still

CA

use calli- (except in US)

calisthenics

use -un

cajole/ persuade by

CAL

caligraphy

French revolutionary

— {properly Gonville and Caius) College,

Cajun

-s

abbr. Calif., postal

caliph/ a Muslim chief

Cambridge, pron.

Cajan

off.

californium symbol Cf

Caius/ a Roman praenomen, C.:

-es not

Bosporan skiff or Levantine sailing

ship, not caique

‘Qa

pi.

California

-ious

slipper-like flower, not calci-

(US)

callous unfeeling, insensitive; hardened or hard call/us thick skin,

Calmann-Levy

pi.

(of skin)

-uses, adj. -ous

publishers

cali-

candour

calmia

47

{

Calmuck

calmia,

Calor gas

use k>,

(propr.) (cap.,

Camorra

Kalmyk

calori/e a unit of heat or energy (not

now

in

-meter a measurer of voltaic battery (one word)

scientific use), abbr. cal;

-motor

heat:

a

calotte an RC skullcap

Caltech California caltrop

(mil.) a

Institute of

Technology

horse-maiming iron

calumet a Native American peace calumniator not -er

Emma

ball

with

campanile/

campbed

Calverley/ Kent, W. Yorks.;

—

,

Charles Stuart

pi.

(Gr. myth.) a sea nymph in the Odyssey, calypso/ a W. Indian song, usually about current affairs, pi. -s

-ces, not -xes

campsite

pi.

campo santo

-#;

(one word)

Martius the

field

of Mars in ancient

Campaign

can. canon, canto

Canaan

Giraldus Cam-

biblical

promised

Cainan abbr.

Canadian River Fr.

Ham; the

a son of

Canad/a, -ian

not Kam-, -oja; in

for Real Ale

Can. Canada, Canadian, Cantoris

land; see also

camaraderie good-fellowship Camargue, the S. France

see

open ground, cemetery

(It.)

CAMRA

-ces

Calypso

Cambrensis, Giraldus

Mexico, not

Rome

-f s, -ves’, -feet

cal/x the residue from burning,

canaille

(Fr. f.)

canaker

use

Can.

Okla.

the rabble, populace

kanaka

Canaletto,/ Giovanni Antonio real surname Canal (1697-1768) Italian painter; name also used by his nephew Bernardo Bellotto

—

brensis

cambric a fine white linen or cotton fabric Cambridge/ abbr. Camb., Cantab.; — University abbr. CU;

Press abbr.

CUP

Cambridgeshire

abbr. Cambs. Cambridge University Press abbr. CUP camel the two-humped Bactrian camel,

Camelus bactrianus:

cf.

camelopard

(arch.)

-leo-

anical; abbr. crc,

CRC

Cameroon/, United Republic of Cameroons;

-ian; in Fr.

(typ.)

k-; cf.

canister

dance (one

incorrect matter, a new-printed

leaf correcting this

(its

Cent. Africa;

du Cameroun

Cammaerts, imile (1878-1953) Belgian poet Camdes, Luis Vaz de (1524-80) Portuguese is

Camoens

a medicinal plant, not cha- (US)

signature

is

preceded

*)

(biol.)

-ler, -ling

(one

I

in US)

porous, marked with

cross-lines

cancelled

abbr. cld.

Candahar

use

candela

Republique

Camoens; the older Eng. form

ital.)

a high-kicking Parisian

cancellate

Stellata the Star Chamber

camomile

story (not

cancel/, -lation, -led,

— obscura not — oscura

(typ.) material ready for photographing for reproduction; (US) = mech-

Luiz Vas de

cancel by

camera-ready copy

poet, not

use K-

word)

a French cheese (cap.)

cameo/ pi. -s camera/ pi. -s;

pi. -s

cancan

(astr.) a northern conbetween Ursa Major and Cassiopeia

Camembert

not -ise

canape/

canasta a card game canaster a tobacco, not

Camelopardalis stellation

canalize

canard an absurd

not -elia

the giraffe, not

(1720-80) Italian painter

Canar/a, -ese

dromedary

camellia a fiowering shrub,

not the

(one word)

Sp.) a

Campus

(1831-84) English writer

Camera

Rome

a bell tower, pi. -s

campfire (one word) (It.,

Camb. Cambridge Cambodia Indo-China, Cambodge

Mafia

see also

the plain around

Sir Henry (1836-1908) British statesman. Prime Minister 1905-8 (hyphen)

campio

(bot.) pi.

and extortion;

Roma

-peachy

(1866-1942) French operatic sop-

calves-foot jelly not

di

Campbeltown Strathclyde Campeche/ Bay, — City, — State

pipe

Calverleigh Devon

caly/x

Campagna

Campbell-Bannerman,

spikes; not -throp, -trap

Calve, rano

a Neapolitan secret society, prac-

tising violence

two words)

K-

a standard unit of light intensity, abbr.

cd

candelabr/um

pi. -a;

also sing, -a, pi. -as

Candide, or Optimism by

Voltaire, 1759

candlelight (one word)

Candlemas Day

2 Feb.

candle/power, -stick, -wick (one word)

candour

not -or (US)

C.

&

cappuccino

W.

48

I

C. & W. country and western canephor/us (archit.) a sculptured youth or maiden with a basket on the head, pi. -i caneton (Fr. m.) a duckling

Cantor Lectures Royal College of Physicians,

canister a small metal box;

Cantuar: the signature of the Archbishop of

cannabis Indian hemp,

cf.

canaster

Cannes

ns,

two

Cantuarian of Canterbury

cantus firmus

Is)

—

canoe/,

canon

Eng. variant of Cnut, not to be used in serious hist, work; see also Knut

solicit votes; -ed, -er, -es

canyon a gorge, in Sp. canon Can You Forgive Her? a novel by Anthony Trollope, 1864-5

caoutchouc unvulcanized rubber

gorge, canyon

(Sp.) a

a coarse linen; -ed, -es

canvass/

-d, -ing, -ist

canonize

CAP Common Agricultural

not -ise

‘Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale’ by Chaucer

Cap

Canopic

cap. capital

Canosa

except in US)

(cap.

the scene of penance of Emperor Henry IV before Pope Gregory VII, ‘to eat humble pie’ 1077; hence to go to Emilia,

Italy,

—

Canova, Antonio (1757-1822) canst (no apos.)

Italian sculptor

not

Cap

(Lat.)

(Fr.

It.)

not -dgian

d’Ail dep. Alpes-Maritimes, France

cap.

when with name,

abbr. C.;

— Breton

FI.

(S.

Africa) abbr.

CP

'apek,/ Josef (1887-1945) and his brother Karel (1890-1938) Czech v^iters

of Cambridge (Uni-

a professional

hyphens,

NS, Canada, not Briton, Britton, Britun, abbr.

style

Cantab.

and

to foot (accent,

— Canaveral (called Cape Kennedy — Coloured Afr.) see coloured; — of Good Hope abbr. CGH; — Province (of

cantaloupe a musk melon, not cante-, -loup Cantate Psalm 98 (97 in Vulg.) as a canticle cantatrice

chapter, foolscap

ital.)

Cape/

S.

Cantabrigian of Cambridge, versity), abbr.

letter,

1963-73);

cantabile (mus.) in a singing, graceful

Policy (EC)

geog. m.) Cape

CB;

Cant. Canterbury, Canticles

Cantabhgiensis

(Fr.

cap-a-pie from head

Apulia, Italy

Canossa/

melody in councanto fermo,

It.

Canute

canvas/

men cannon ball (two words, one word in US) cannon-bone (h)^hen, two words in US) cannon fodder (two words)

firmi; in

canti fermi

pi.

not -ise

Canning,/ George (1770-1827) and his son Charles John, Earl (1812-62) English states-

(mus.) the basic

cantus

terpoint, pi.

dep. Alpes-Maritimes, France

cannibalize

Cantuarius, Cantuariensis (of Can-

terbury)

Canterbury (colon)

not cana- (not cap.

except for the bot. genus)

cannelioni (two

and Society of Arts Cantuar.

woman

capercaillie not

-Izie

Cape Town S. Africa (two words) Cape Verde/ Islands off W. Africa;

—

—

not

— Verd,

de Verd; -an

singer

cante Hondo Canterbury/

(Sp.)

a

Cap Haitian

mournful song

abbr. Cant.,

— bell a flower (one

capitalize not

canticle a hymn, abbr. cant.

Canticum Canticorum

‘The Song of Songs’, Canticles; abbr. Cant.; same as the Song

canta-, -liver

Cantire Strathclyde,

use

Kintyre

canto/ a division of a long poem, a song;

capital letter abbr. cap. capitals,/ large indicated in copy by three lines underneath the letter, abbr. cap.; small abbr. (typ.) s.c.; small cap., pi. small caps.; s. cap., pi. s. caps.; see also even small caps.

pi.

abbr. can.

Canton

the capital of Guangdong Province, China; in Pinyin Guangzhou, in Wade-Giles

Kuang-chou

Cantonese

of Canton or the Cantonese dialect of Chinese (also called Yue); (of) a native of Canton (pi. same)

cantonment

CGT

-ise

—

of Solomon

cantilever not

-s,

Haiti

(law) a writ of arrest

Capital Gains Tax abbr.

cap.)

also

capias

military quarters

cantoris of the precentor, i.e. on the north side of the choir; abbr. Can.

hill in ancient Rome, in Lat. Capitolium; the temple of Jupiter was the temple of Capitoline Jove; Congress building, Cap-

Capitol the

itol Hill,

Washington,

DC

capitulary a collection of ordinances, esp. of the Frankish kings

capitulum

(bot., anat.)

Cap’n slang

abbr. of

cappuccino

coffee

ital.)

a small head,

knob

Captain

made

frothy with milk (not

capriccio

49

Carliol: |

capriccio/ (mus.) a short fanciful work,

pi. -s;

adj. -so

caps, and smalls (typ.) with the initial letters caps,

(or c.)

Capsian and

S.

and

set in small capitals

in large capitals, abbr.

s.c.

Europe

Captain caption

noun

-ise,

(typ.) descriptive matter printed above or below an illustration; (also US) heading of a chapter, page, or section

Captivity, the of the Jews

(cap.)

1529, or a cloak a

rule of

and hood formerly worn by American monkey (not cap.)

S.

—

(Lat.) head, mortuum the worthless residue after distillation

caput!

Car. Carolus (Charles)

a soldier with a carbine; not Carabiniers & Greys

(hist.)

carb-, -ier; but

Carabineers, the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards carabinierje an Italian gendarme, pi. -# Caracci a family of painters, 1550-1619; not (fl.

ad

50)

King of Silures, ancient

Britain; in hist, writing use Carat-

caracul use karakul carafe a glass container -ff,

careen

(US)

wonderful!,

career (swerve about)

careme

(Fr.

m.) Lent

care of abbr. c/o caret an insertion mark lysis; cf.

(a. A),

the

mark

over

in musical (Schenkerian) ana-

(e.g. e)

carat; karat

caretaker (one word) Carew,/ Richard (1555-1620) English poet, Thomas (1595-71639) English poet and

—

courtier a sedge, pi. -ices

Carey/, Henry (71690-1743) English poet and composer; Henry Charles (1793-1879) US economist, son of Mathew (one t) (1760Street London, syn1839) US publicist; onymous with the Bankruptcy Court; see also

—

,

water or wine; not

— —

mark

how

strange!

before,

unturned

cargo/

-es

pi.

Carib an aboriginal inhabitant of the southern

after)

carat a unit of weight mg; not caract, caret, car.; cf. caret;

for precious stones,

200

carrat, karat; abbr. K.,

caravanserai an Eastern inn with courtyard used as halting-place for caravans; not -sery, -sera; see also

-sary,

khan

not carra-

not

(a

Carington

chime see

of) bells

Carrington

Carinthia Austria and Slovenia; in Ger. Karnten, in Slovenian Korosko

carioca

carbon copy abbr. c.c. carbon dating (two words)

a Brazilian dance, the

music

for this;

a native of Rio de Janeiro (not cap.)

cariole use carr-

carboniferous producing coal

(not cap.); the

period in the Palaeozoic era

(cap.)

not -ise

carburet/ted, -ting, -tor not

this people

Caribou Highway BC, Canada Caribou Mountain Ida. carillon

ship, not carvel

carbineer use carabcarbon symbol C

carbonize

Indies or the adjacent coasts, the lan-

guage of

-boo

(1569-1609) Italian painter

caravel a type of Spanish

W.

Caribbean Sea W. Indies, not CarrCariboo Mountains BC, Canada caribou a N. American reindeer, pi. same;

karat

caratch use kharaj Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da

Carisbrooke loW carita

(It.

art) a

representation of maternal love

Carleton, William (1794-1869) -ed, -ing, -or (US),

Irish novelist

Richard (1790-1843) English reformer and politician; — Revd Preb. William (1847-1942) founder of Church Army; see

Carlile,/

not -er

carcass/

=

carefree (one word)

Cary (Sp.)

(turned exclamation

fifth

Christian Action for Research and Education, computer-aided risk evaluation. Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (originally Cooperative for American Remit-

,

for

-ffe

icaramba!

caraway

Italian poet

CARE

car/ex

Carr-

Caractacus

(one word)

card-sharp (hyphen)

a letter

car. carat

carabineer

as

verb)

tances Europe)

new

a Franciscan friar of the

women (cap.);

-mum

card table (two words) Carducci, Giosue (1835-1907)

-al

abbr. Capt.

Capuchin

not -mon,

Cardigan Dyfed; see also Ceredigion card index (two words as noun, hyphen

cardphone culture of N. Africa

(of) a palaeolithic

capsiz/e not

cardamom

not -ase; pi. -es

Carcassonne carcinom/a a card, cardinal

dep. Aude, France cancer, pi. -ata

also Carlisle;

Carlyle

Carliol: the signature of the Bishop of Carlisle (colon)

Casa Grande

Carlisle |

50

Carlisle/ Cumbria, Earl of Carlyle

—

;

see also Carlile;

Carlist a supporter of the Spanish pretender Don Carlos (1788-1855)

Carlovingian

use Carolin-

«

Carmarthen

a

French revolutionary song

Dyfed, not Caer-; in Welsh

a source of

—

use

marble

Carrigtohill Co. Cork (one word)

Carrington, Baron family name Carington r)

Caer

Lewis pseud, of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832-98) English author

Carroll,

carrousel use caroCarrousel, place du

Carnarvon/ Gwynedd,

Caernarfon; but Earl

Paris,

from

Fr.

carrousel

(m.) a tilting-match

Carrutherstown Dumfries & Galloway (one

Carnatic Madras, Carnavall a

word)

India, not K-

carry/all, -cot (one word)

suite of piano pieces by Schu-

mann, 1834-5;

— des animaux, le a suite by Saint-Saens, 1886; —

for small orchestra

romain, le overture by Berlioz, 1844; Carnival

Andrew

Carnegie/,

carnelian

—

use cor-

carnivai in

Fr.

in Ger. n.

Carneval

Carnival an overture by Dvorak, 1891; Carnaval

see also

Carnoustie Tayside or

II,

also

carte-de-visite (not

Cartesian

see

see

D’Oyly Carte

full discretion (not ital.) ital.)

Descartes

carthorse (one word) (archit.) a scroll

ornament,

(archaeol.) a ring enclosing hieroglyphic

name;

royal

not -ch

Carver

and

seat,

and

vertical spindles;

named after John Carver, first Governor of Plymouth Colony in America (cap.) chair, with arms, in a set of dining chairs, intended for the person

in billiards

Hume

with arms, a rush

carver the principal

Lat. for Charles, abbr. Car.

= cannon

(US) a chair

a back having horizontal

(1896-1937)

US

who sci-

carves (not cap.)

— Phoebe (1824-71) — Henry Francis (17721844) English translator of Dante; — (Arthur) Joyce (Lunel) (1888-1957) English novelist; —

Cary,/ Alice (1820-71) and

entist

carous/e drink carousel

carte blanche

carvel-built (naut.) with smooth planking I

Carolingian of the Frankish dynasty of Charlemagne; not Carlovingian, Karl-

Carothers, Wallace

quarte

cart/wheel, -wright (one word)

Carol/ine of the time of Charles -ean

(US)

use

Carte, Richard D’Oyly

cartridge paper a firm, strong paper

carol/, -led, -ler, -ling

Carolus

carte (fencing)

cartouche

m. carnaval,

= take-away

carsick (one word)

(1835-1919) Scottish-born US millionaire and philanthropist; Institute Pittsburgh, Pa.; Institution Washington, DC

—

carry-on excitement, fuss (hyphen) carry-out (US)

see also

‘Carnaval de Venise, le’ (mus.) a popular type of air and variations, early 19th c.

carom

Italy,

carat

carriole a carriage, not cariole

Italy

fyrddin of

use

(one

not -eian, -ian

‘Carmagnole, La’ and dance

Carrantuohill Co. Kerry, the highest mountain

carraway use caracarriageway (one word) Caribbean use Cari-

(1795-1881) Scottish writer; also Carlile; Carlisle

Carmagnola Piedmont,

moss; not — moss, -gheen; from Carragheen, near Waterford

carrat

N. Mex.

Thomas

Carlylean

Cara-

Irish

Carrara N.

Carlton Club London see

use

in Ireland

Carlsbad use Czech Karlovy Vary Carlsbad Caverns National Park Carlskrona Sweden, use KCarlsruhe Germany, use KCarlyle,

Carracci

carrageen

US

heavily, -al

(US) merry-go-round,

tournament,

rotating conveyor system; not carr-;

see also

Carrousel, place du

CAS

Carpathian Mountains (Lat.)

E.

Europe, not K-

seize the day

carpet/, -ed, -ing

carport (one word)

carp/us the

wrist, pi.

Lucius Lord Falkland (1610-43);

see also

caryatid/ a female figure as a column,

car park (two words)

carpe diem

sisters, poets;

-i

Carey

pi. -s

Chief of the Air Staff

Casabianca, Louis de

(71755-98) French sea-

man Casablanca Morocco Casa Grande a prehistoric also Casas Grandes

ruin in Arizona;

see

‘Casa Guidi Windows’

51

‘Casa Guidi Windows’ by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 1851

Casals, Pau (1876-1973) Catalan Pablo

cellist, in Sp.

(1725-98) Italian adventurer

Mexican

a

village

with famous

casava casbah

,

Mr —

son, clergyman; Middlemarch

a character in G. Eliot’s

use k-

bookbinding consisting of two boards joined by a flexible spine, and usually (typ.) capcovered with cloth etc.; upper small letters (h)^hens when itals; lower

case/

Castlecary

Central, Co. Donegal

Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount

Castleton Borders,

Derby., Gr. Manchester,

Gwent, N. Yorks.

Castletown Cumbria, Dorset, Highland, loM, Staffs., Tyne & Wear cast off (typ.) to estimate amount of printed matter copy would make, cast-off the result

cass-

use

(adj.)

(1769-1822) British statesman

Casaubon/, Isaac (1559-1614) French scholar Meric (1599-1671) his and theologian;

—

cast iron (noun), cast-iron

to)

Castlerea Co. Roscommon

Casa Grande

ruins; see also

Castil/e Spain, not -ihe; -ian (of or related a native or the language of Castile

Castle Cary Som.

Casanova de Seingalt, Giovanni Jacopo Casas Grandes

catch-all |

(bind.)

—

—

of this estimate

castor

a beaver (hence castor oil) or its fur, a small wheel for furniture, a small pot with perforated lid (hence castor sugar); cf. caster

attrib.)

case-bound (bind.) bound case history (two words) casein milk

stars, twins in classical myth., also patrons of sailors

castrat/o (mus.) a castrated male soprano,

protein, not -ine

case law (two words) cases (law) abbr. ca. case study (two words) casework (one word) cash card (two words) Cashmer/, -e use Kashmir cashmere a soft wool fabric; mere,

Castor and Pollux

in a hard cover

-ire; cf.

cash register

casual

use

casino/

unprovided for by statute College of Advanced Technology, (typ.) computer-assisted typesetting, (med.) computerized axial (or computer-assisted) tomo-

not -meer, cache-

(not

words)

cat. catalogue, catechism

ter

is

cut-

prophet of disaster, esp. one who disregarded (from Kassandra (Gr. myth.)) a

Italian ice

cream (not

ital.)

Cassation, Cour de highest court of appeal in France

cassava

the manioc; not

Cassel Germany,

cas-, -ave

Cassiopeia

use

(astr.)

cast the

caste

cashmere

a constellation

(fl.

50 bc) British prince

actors in a play

Catalina

Sp. for

Cataiine

use Catiline

Sicily, Italy

Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Mario (1895-1968) composer casts

(cf.

person from) Cata-

catalogu/e

Catherine

abbr. cat.; -ed, -er, -ing; not -log

‘Cataloging in Publication Data’ is the correct spelling for Library of Congress data on the title verso of a work (US);

castor), (typ.) a cast-

cata-

ital.)

in Catalan Catalunya, Sp.

Cataluha

catal/yst, -yse not -yze (US); -ysis, -ytic

catamaran

a raft, a two-hulled boat

catarrh an inflammation of the mucous brane

catarrhine narrow-nosed

a hereditary class

caster one who ing machine

(of or relating to) (a

Catalonia see also

Castellammare Campagna and Italian

-al, -ic,

lonia or the language of Catalonia, abbr. Cat.

logue (not

kerseymere;

Cassivellaunus

Catalan

catalogue raisonne an explanatory

use K-

Cassell publishers

cassimere

k-

cataclasm a violent disruption cataclysm/ a deluge, a violent event;

ital.)

of Caslon type

cassata an

cataboli/c, -sm not

-sst not -atist

Caslon, William (1693-1766) typefounder,

Cassandra

graphy Cat. Catalan, Catullus

casein

pi. -s

— foederis — omissus a case

the cause of war,

CAT

Paul (1847-1907) French President 1894-5 (no accent)

casine

(Lat.)

a case stipulated by treaty,

= till (two Jean Pierre

(US)

incidental, not regular; see also causal

casus/ belli

kerseymere

Casimir-Perier,

pi.

-i

(of

mem-

monkeys), not

-arhine

Catawba

a Native American tribe, a US variety of grape or wine made from it

Catch, Jack

use

Ke-

catch/-all, -as-catch-can (hyphens)

CB

catchline |

52

catchline

(typ.) a short line of type containing catchword(s), signature letter, running head-

line, etc.

Mountains NY

Catskill

cat’s-paw

a person

used as a

tool, (naut.) a

light breeze; not catspaw, cats-paw

catchphrase (one word) catchpole a sheriffs officer, not -poll catch-22 an inescapable dilemma, after

catsuit (one word)

catsup a

novel by Joseph Heller, 1961 (not cap. except in title)

catchup use ketchup catchword (typ.) the first word of next page printed at bottom of preceding page, word(s) printed at head of dictionary page as guide to its contents

Cateau Cambresis, Peace of 1559 catechism teaching by question and -er, -ing not

catechumen

Kattegat, (Swed.) Katte-

Cattleya an orchid genus Catullus, Gaius Valerius (?84-?54 bc)

Cauchy, Augustin Louis (1789-1857) French mathematician a political clique, (US) a political meet-

answer,

Caudillo Sp. for ‘leader’, the title assumed by Gen. Franco after the Spanish Civil War -is-

caught

a convert under instruction

(cricket) abbr. c.

cauldron

not cal-

caulk make watertight,

classify, not -ise

not calk (US)

caten/a a connected series of patristic comments on Scripture, a series or chain, pi. -ae

caus. causa/tion,

-tive

causal having

do with a cause;

cater-cousin a good

causa/tion, -tive abbr. caus.

caters (campanology,

friend, not quapi.)

changes on nine

bells

cath. cathedral medieval sect seeking

a

great spiritual purity,

Catharine

pi. -s or

Catharine; Si Catherine

cathars/is purging,

Cathay

pi.

cap.

when with name,

cathemeral

(biol. adj.) applied to an organism equally active by day and by night

—

—

Catherine/ abbr. Cath.; St hence pear and wheel; and II empresses of Russia; of Aragon, Howard, Parr first, fifth, and sixth wives of Henry Vlll of England; de’ Medici (1519-89) Queen of France, in Fr. de Medicis; see also Katherine

—

— —

I

—

—

—

cathisma cathod/e abbr.

use ka-

CRT;

-ic,

-ograph; not k-

only when referring to the RC religion (the Catholic Church) C., Cath.; cap.

catholic/ism, -ize not

cavass caveat

not -ise

Gr. transcription

-ise

Catiline the Eng. form of (Lucius Sergius) Catilina (108-62 bc) Roman conspirator, not

use k-

a formal

caveatj actor

(elec.) an ion carrying positive charge of electricity, not k-

cation

let

caveat! venditor

(not

the buyer beware (not

(Lat.) let

cavil/

I

trifling objections; -led, -Ier, -ling

in US)

Cavour, Count Camillo (1810-61)

Cawnpore

Eng.

Caxton, William

hist,

form, now Kanpur

,(c.l422-91) the first English

printer

Cayenne Guiana

the capital of and district in French a type of hot pepper (not cap.)

(cap.),

a type of American alligator; not

cai-,

kai-; pi. -s

Islands W. Indies

cazique

use

cat’s/ cradle a children’s game; -eye a pre-

CB

hyphen)

Italian

statesman

Cayman

(cap., propr.,

ital.)

the seller beware,

-iare, -ier

make

cat-o’-nine-tails (h)q)hens) cious stone (hyphen), reflective stud in road

ital.)

the doer beware

— viator let the traveller beware

caviar not

cayman/

Cata-

warning

(Lat.) let

caveat emptor

(one

a negative electrode; -e ray tube

Catholic abbr.

article or talk, esp.

as Ely Cath-

edral; abbr. cath.

—

case, pi. -s cele-

Cavalleria rusticana (‘rustic gallantry’) an opera by Mascagni, 1890

poetical for China, not K-

cathedral

famous law

casual

Cavafy, Constantine (1863-1933) Greek poet, not K-, -is; Konstandinos Kavafis in a

Modern

-es

a

cf.

ital.)

causerie (Fr. f.) informal on a literary subject cauterize

-i

Kan., NY, Pa.; see also Catherine; St

to

cause/ celebre bres (not

Cath. Catherine, Catholic

Cathar/ a member of

Roman

poet, abbr. Cat.

ing

before baptism

categorize

use (Dan.)

gatt

caucus

abbr. cat.

catechiz/e,

ketchup

use

Cattegat

cacique

Cape Breton, Cavalry Brigade, Chief Baron, citizens’ band (radio). Coal Board, Common Bench, Companion (of the Order) of the Bath,

CBA

53

(naval) Confidential Book, confined to bar-

racks, cost-benefit.

County Borough, (mus.)

contrabasso (double bass)

CBA

cost benefit analysis. Council for British

Archaeology

CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CBE Commander (of the Order) of the British

CEGB

Central Electricity Generating Board

ceilidh

and and

(Ir.

Sc.)

gathering for music, dan-

stories

Chamber of Commerce, Chess

Celanese (propr.) an artificial silk ce/a/ va sans dire (Fr.) needless to say, — viendra that will come Celebes now Sulawesi Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, The sketch by Mark Twain 1865

Court; City Council,

celebrator not

CBEL (also

Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature rom. as abbr.)

CBI Confederation of British Cumulative Book Index

CC

Industry, (US)

200, Caius College, Central Committee,

Club, Circuit Court, Common of the Order of

-lor; Civil

Councilman, Companion Canada, Consular Corps, Countryside Commission, County Clerk, County Commissioner; County Council, -lor; County Court, Cricket Club, Cycling Club

CC

cubic centimetre (no points)

CC. capita (chapters)

CCC

300, Corpus Christi College, Oxford

and

Cambridge

CCF Combined

CCP

Christi College, Cambridge,

Cadet Force

Pleas, credit card

purchase

400, Civil Defence,

compact

a

disc

cembal/o

CEMS

Paper (1900-18) with

number

Cenozoic

dividend (with dividend)

CDC Commonwealth

Development Cor1963 Colonial Development Cor-

Cdr.

K-,

abbr. Celt,

a harpsichord, pi. -os; -ist the player

use

coe- (except in US)

(geol.)

the most recent era of geo-

logical time; not Caeno-, Caino-, Kaino- (cap.)

censer an incense vessel censor (noun) an official with power press (parts of) books

(naval)

(comput.) compact disc read-only

memory Chief Engineer, Church of England, Civil Engineer

Common

(or Christian) Era, used instead of in non-Christian contexts; follows the numerals: ‘250 ce’, ‘second century ce’ (small

AD

caps.)

etc.; (verb)

criticize harshly, reprove

coin (no point); abbr. c., ct., may be vertical or slanted) close up to the figure, e.g. 49q)hen, one word in US) concert hall (two words) concertina/,

pi.

-ion

name

the

tugal and Brazil

dep. Oise, France

that which makes complete completor/ium (Lat.) compline, complexion not -ction

con. conclusion, conics, conversation

con

a master of ceremonies

competit/or

Serj.

examine, swindle; not -un; -ning

mysterious East, the West End, Northern Ireland,

compound

Com.

con/

an accepted geographical designation;

be hyphenated:

not -or

Con. Consul

comp,

(typ.)

citing official title

otherwise use controller Comptroller-General of the National Debt Office, Comptroller-General of the Patent Office (caps., h5q)hen) that has

comte

comp,

abbr. cf. (confer) or cp.

comparison

compere

or

rendus

Comt/e, Auguste (1798-1857) French

abbr. Co., (mil.) Coy. (point): see also

compagnie comparative

to

all

not -ize

m.) an account;

(Fr.

computerize

the former name of a group of compositors working together under

the

that can be understood,

comprehensive

computer

Companies Act companionship

compare

to

English novelist (hyphen)

-ation:

a clicker

main word

Vice-President

comprehensible

compromise elec-

current

company

or titles each

cap., as Assistant Adjutant-General,

report, pi. -s

-er,

comp,

abbr.

compound ranks

nearly

communize make common, not -ise commutator an apparatus for reversing

comp,

comp. mind

in one’s right

(Lat.)

intelligible: not -able

(not cap.)

adj.

-ition, -itor abbr.

compound/, -ed be

communis/m

in a

(RC), not

-plin

communique an official report Communis/m the specific communistic form

tric

concertino |

-s,

-ed not

’d,

-ing

concertino/ (mus.) a group of concerto;

pi. -s

soloists, a short

concert master

conoscente

68

|

concert master (two words) Concert/ meister, -stuck (Ger. mus.) now Konzert-

confit/

(cap.)

concerto/ (mus.)

pi. -s

(but concert! gross!),

abbr. cto.

concessionaire grant (not

a holder of a concession or

ital.),

in

m. concessionnaire

Fr.

conch/ a shell, pi. -s conch, conchology conchie not -y; see conscientious objector concierg/e

(Fr.

a caretaker, -erie (no accent) a care-

taker’s flat

style (esp.

of literary

style)

abbr. con.

or phrases

used in a book or by an author

concordat an agreement (not ital.) Concorde a make of aircraft concours/ (Fr. m.) a competition, — gance parade of vehicles

d’ele-

conge/

(Fr.

of a State’s affairs by other States, (US) a building complex containing individually owned flats or houses (It.)

a captain of mercenaries, pi.

Congo/, Republic of the Cent.

conductor not -er, abbr. c. conduct/ us (medieval mus.)

pi.

-uses or -us,

-i

(mus.) with expression, not

con esp. cony

a black tea; not

conf. conference

confection/ery (noun), -ary (US

hist.)

states in the Civil

-o,

Cent.

Africa, formerly

kongo

congregation/, -al, -alist (cap. denomination) abbr. cong.

body

as religious

political party; US, the

(cap.); spell

out the number,

as ‘fifty-fourth Congress’, not ‘54th’

cong.

abbr. C.,

conjugation the

inflections of a verb, abbr.

conj.

conjunction connection, abbr. conj.; (astr.) apparent proximity of two heavenly bodies, symbol 6 conjunctiv/a the mucous membrane between eyelid and eyeball, pi. -ae (not ital.); -itis an inflammation of

this

a magician, not -er

con moto (mus.) with movement Conn. Connecticut (off. abbr.)

Conna Co. Cork Connacht a province

of Ireland containing the counties of Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Ros-

the league of seceding

War abbr.

confer/, -red, -ring, -rable, -rer but -ee, -ence, -ment

confer (Lat.) compare, abbr. cf. (not ital.) conference abbr. conf. conference (Fr. f.) lecture Confessio Amantis a poem by Gower, 1393 confetti bits of coloured paper

confidant/ a trusted friend,

f.

etc.

-e

-or that

which

connects

(adj.)

Confederation of Independent States CIS

its sec-

con.

common, and Sligo Connah’s Quay Clwyd connect/er one who connects,

coney use Coney Island NY

Confederacy

— d’elire leave

French Middle Congo, People’s Republic of the Congo; -lese

conjuror

-/

con espressione

— de lire

was Zaire 1971-97

tions, abbr.

condensed type a narrow typeface condominium (law) the joint control

condottier/e

congress,

conics the geometry of the cone and

II de Bourbon, Prince de, ‘The Great’ (1621-86) French general

ex-; abbr.

m.) leave, dismissal;

congress/, -ional

count, not -dee

(Sp., Port.) a

-al, -alist, -ist;

-ional

legislative

Conde, Louis

not

(mus.) with passion

cong. congregation,

Congresbury Avon Congress India, the

concur/, -red, -ring

conde

ital.)

Giles)

con fuoco

congou

Concord Calif., Mass., NC. NH concordance an index of words

preser\^es;

Confucius (551-479 bc) Chinese sage; latinized as Kongfuze (Pinyin), K’ung Fu-tzu (Wade-

Africa,

concinnity elegance or neatness of literary

concision conciseness

jam, or

Congo, Democratic Republic of

former Paris prison

a

(Fr. f.)

confrere a colleague (not

to elect, not

Conciergerie, La

conclusion

m.) a preserve or conserve, either

sweet or savoury; -ure cf. comfit

Connecticut off. abbr. Conn., postal CT connection not -xion except in use by Wesleyans and other related Methodist associations to describe the concept of ‘religious society’ or ‘denomination’; also for Lady Hun-

tingdon’s Connexion

connivance tacit assent, not -ence connoisseur a well-informed judge of taste (not

in matters

ital.)

connotation that which

is

phrase, etc. in addition to

mary denotation conoscente use cogno-

implied by a word, its literal or pri-

conquistador

69

contralto |

conquistador/ a conqueror, Peru;

pi.

-es (not

esp. of

Mexico and

ital.)

consummatum

est

(Lat.) it is

finished

cont. containing, contents, continent; con-

Conrad, Joseph pseud, of Teodor Jozef Konrad Korzeniowski (1857-1924) Polish-born English novelist, not K-

tinue,

-d;

not con’t (US)

contadin/o an

Italian peasant, pi.

Cons. Conservative

contagi/um contagious matter;

cons, consecrate(d), conservation, consonant,

containing

constable; constitution,

Conscience, Hendrik

-al

(1812-83) Belgian nov-

elist

contakion contang/o

conscience’ sake not -e’s conscientious objector abbr. CO, World War colloq.) conchie

conte (First

tale;

use k-

(Stock Exchange) a charge for car-

the British political Judaism; lower case for other meanings: conservative in dress; a conservative estimate; abbr. Cons, e.g.

music or other

arts,

not -tory (US)

conservatjoire (Fr. m.), -orio (It., Konservatorium (Ger. n., cap.)

Port., Sp.),

despic-

scornful

contents abbr. cont. conterminous coextensive; having a common boundary or border; cf. coterminous

Contes drolatiques by Balzac, 1832-7 contessa (It.) a countess Continent/, -al cap. when referring to mainland Europe as distinct from Britain, lower

when referring to countries that are also continents, such as Australia; continental USA

the key-desk of an

(archit.) a bracket;

m.) a count

case

consol, consolidated

console

(It.

contemptuous showing contempt, to specific

party, or to Conservative

a school of

-os

m.) a short story, a medieval narrative

able; not -able

consensus/ not -census, -pi. -es Conservative cap. when referring

conservatoire

pi.

(Fr.

contemptible deserving contempt,

general decay

groups so called,

pi. -a

abbr. cont.

r5dng over,

consenescence

-a, pi.

-#; f.

-e

is

the

USA

excluding Hawaii but including

Alaska; abbr. cont.

organ, a cabinet for radio etc.

Consolidated Annuities

consomme

abbr.

a clear soup (not

Consols

ital.)

continuance

consonant abbr. cons, consonantize make consonantal, not -ise con sordino (mus.) with a mute conspectus (Lat.) a general view (not ital.) con spirito (mus.) spiritedly constable

Constance (in Ger.

Bodensee) and town (337-50);

— myth-

king of Britain

Constant,/ Benjamin (in full Henri Benjamin Constant de Rebecque) (1767-1830)

—

French-Swiss political novelist, Benjamin Jean Joseph (1845-1902) French painter

Constantino/ple now Istanbul; -politan Constitution of

a

country

(cap.)

abbr. constr.

Consuelo a novel by George consuetude (law) a custom,

Sand, 1842 esp.

one having

legal force in Scotland

Consul diplomat, as

Roman

abbr. C., Con.; Lat. consul/, magistrate, abbr. cos.; pi. -es,

abbr. coss.

abbr. C.-G.

Consumers’ Association (adj.) perfect,

continuous unbroken, uninterrupted, connected throughout in space or time;

cf.

con-

continu/um

(philos., phys.) a

continuous

cont-line (naut.) a spiral space between rope strands, a space between stowed casks contr. contract,

contra

-ed, -ion,

-s;

contrary

against, in opposition to; abbr. con.

contrabasso

(It.

mus.) the double bass, abbr.

CB; in Eng. contrabass contract/, -ed, -ion, -s abbr. contr.

contraction a word shortened by elision; verbal forms use an apostrophe to mark omission (e.g. cannot = can’t); nouns usually are not punctuated (e.g. Mister abbreviation; acronym

contractor

=

Mr); see also

not -er

contrafagotto

(It.

mus.) the double bassoon

(one word)

Consul-General

consummat/e

continue/ (mus.) an improvised keyboard accompaniment, pi. -s

contracting-out (noun, hyphen)

constitution/, -al abbr. cons,

construction

= adjournment

quantity, pi. -a

Konstanz), Switzerland

Constans/ Roman Emperor ical

(US law)

continu/e, -ed abbr. cont.

tinual

abbr. c., cons.

a lake (in Ger.

continual constantly or frequently recurring; cf. continuous

contra jus gentium

abbr.

CA

(verb) to perfect or

complete;

noun

complete;

-ion

(Lat.)

against the law of

nations

contralto/ (mus.) the lowest female voice, -s;

abbr. C.

pi.

mundum

contra

coram

70

|

contra/

mundum

pacem

contrariwise

contrary

against the world,

(Lat.)

(law) against the

—

peace

copaiba

not -ry-

coparcen/ary

(mus.) a singing part, abbr. Ct (no

contretemps

mishap

a

(not

copeck

ital.)

f.

for heating

by con-

pi.)

the conventional

a caller of a -al abbr.

conventionalize

conversation

meeting conv.

Copt

convey/er

meeting

for learned con-

certain universities

cony/

a flower,

a river

bindweed:

pi.

-es

explorer,

James

(1728-79) British

a bun, (US) a sweet biscuit; not

-ey,

-y

coolie

(Ind.,

tree, not -ibah

Chin.) a native hired labourer, not

-y

Coomassie Ghana,

Kumasi Cooper, James Fenimore (1789-1851) US use

novelist, (one n)

co-operative society (hyphen), abbr. co-op British account-

ancy firm

-ely, -ion, -ive, -or (one

Cop. Copernican

copy

copy for print-

-ier (typ.)

a stand or clasp holding

word)

(one word)

Berne Convention

typist (two words)

copywriter (one word) coq/ (Fr. m.) cock, wine (not ital.),

coquet/

f.

-te a

(Fr.

— au vin chicken cooked in — de bruyere black game

flirt; -ry,

typ.

f.)

-ting, -tish

a misprint

Cor. Corinthians cor. corpus; (mus.) cornet, corno (horn); cor-

oner

coram/

co-opt (h3^hen) coordinat/e,

edits

copy of a publication claiming protection under the Universal Copyright Convention;

coquiUe

cooperat/e, -ion, -ive (one word); but

Coopers & Lybrand Deloitte

who

copyright notice the symbol ©, date of publication, and name of copyright owner must appear (usually on title-page verso) in every

see also

coolabah an Australian gum

a person

copyreader

-hee, -ie

— Thomas (1808-92) English travel

(Sc.)

t5rpe

sheets of copy, formerly a proofreader’s assistant: (hist.) a type of feudal tenant (one word)

agent

cookie

copy editor

cop/yer use copyholder

a rabbit, not coney, pi. conies

Cook,/ Captain

abbr. cop.

matter to be reproduced in

ing (two words, one word in US), but copy-edit/, -ing (verb, one word in US)

and town, Gwynedd

Conyngham, Marquess Cooch Behar India, not Kuch cooee (a) call (one word); not -ey,

mus.) that which

-ae

copy/book, -cat (one word)

assembly of

a legislative

(typ.)

logic, anat.,

pi. -as,

copulative

a provincial assembly of the

as

the liturgical language of Egyptian Christians: abbr. Copt.

copy

Church of England,

and

periods, a native Christian of the

connects;

(person), -or (thing) esp. in con-

convolvulus/

a native Egyptian in the Hellenistic

copul/a (gram.,

-able

veyor belt

Convocation

-ise

not k-

independent Egyptian Church

not -or

convertible not

impregnate with copper, not

Coptic the language of the Copts, now used

versation, pi. -s

converter

to

compounds) dung-,

(in

Roman

not -ise

a

not

copper abbr. cop., symbol Cu (cuprum) copperas ferrous sulphate, green vitriol copro-

abbr. con.

conversazione/

in Dan.

not copyer

copperize

proprieties

convention/,

Denmark,

Cope-

vection (Fr.

capital of

Copland, Aaron (1900-90) US composer,

a riddle, pi. -s

convector an apparatus

convener

not -ec, -ek,

Kebenhavn Copernican abbr. Cop. copier

CA

Controller of Accounts abbr.

convenances, les

Politics, Eco-

hundredth of a rouble;

Copenhagen

Controller-General but ComptrollerGeneral, National Debt Office, Patent Office

conundrum/

a

an undi-

ko-; abbr. c.

comptroller

see

American

-ery; -er a joint heir

Conference on Christian nomics, and Citizenship

control/, -led, -ling

controller

S.

(law) joint heirship to

vided property, not

COPEC

point)

Contrat social, Le by Rousseau, 1762

Conwy

(med.) a balsam from a

tree, not -va

abbr. contr.

contratenor

cop. copper, copulative

(Lat.)

in presence of,

—

—judice

—

(law)

paribus nobis before us, before a judge, populo before the before one’s equals,

—

people

Coran

71

Corsica |

Coran

Cornwall

K-

use

cor anglais (mus.) an instrument of the oboe

Fr.

f.

Kernow,

abbr. Corn., in Cornish

in

Cornouailles

corolla/

(bot.) pi. -s

coron/a

(archit., bot., anat., astr.) pi.

Corbiere, (Edouard Joachim) Tristan (1845-75) French poet

coroner

(cap. as title) abbr. cor.

Corbusier, Le

Corot, Jean Baptiste Camille (1796-1875) French painter

family

coranto

courante

use

coronis a mark of contraction

Le Corbusier

see

Corcoran Gallery of Art Washington, DC Corcyra the ancient name of Corfu Corday, Charlotte (1768-93) French

Corp.

lutionist

cordillera/ a mountain chain,

Cordoba

in Eng.

Cordova

Cordova

Cordoba

land); in Sp.,

pi. -s

(as in cordovan) (cf

(Spain, Argentina,

Colombia, Mexico) or Cordova

(Peru); in Lat.

Corduba; in Arab. Qurtuba

cordoba monetary unit of Nicaragua cordon bleu (cook.) pi. cordons bleus ital.,

(not

cordon sanitaire

pi.

(not

one

abbr. cor.

Corpus Christ! College Oxford and Cambridge, abbr.

pi.

-ves

and

castle

village

name Corcyra;

Kerkyra

(NT) abbr. 1 Cor.,

(law) the facts constituting

corp/us luteum

(physiol.)

an ovarian body,

Epistle to the

2 Cor.

correcteur

corncrake

correct/ion, -ive, -or abbr. corr.

word)

Corneille, Pierre (1606-84) French playwTight

cornelian not

car-, -ion

cornemuse French

Correggio, Antonio Allegri da (1494-1534) Italian painter

bagpipe

corregidor

(Sp.)

a magistrate

correlative abbr. correl.

cornett/o (mus.) an old form of woodwind

Corresponding Member

instrument,

pi.

correspond/, -ence, -ent, -ing abbr.

-flower (one word)

Cornish/ abbr. Corn.,

to

corrida a bullfight (not (Sp.)

— gillyflower a variety

of apple

anglais

cornu/

a bullfight

corrigend/um see also

(caps.) pi.

-i;

-o inglese

(It.)

ital.),

corrida de toros

a thing to be corrected; pi. -a;

erratum

cor

Mem. Corresponding Member, Corresponding Secretary

— Sec.

corroboree an Australian aboriginal dance;

(ital.)

(US)

(anat.) a

corr.

Corr.

(ital.)

Corr./

corn/o (mus.) a horn,

cornstarch

CM,

Correze dep. France

Corniche, La the coast road from Nice Genoa, in It. La Cornice

Corn Laws

abbr.

Mem.

-i

-flour,

-ora villa

typ. m.) corrector of the press

(Fr.

cornerstone (one word) cornet (mus.) abbr. cor.

corn/ field

pi.

corr. correct/ion, -ive, -or; correspond, -ence, -ent, -ing; corrupt, -ed

Corn. Cornish, Cornwall a bird (one

pi.

-ora lutea

corp/us vile worthless substance,

Second

an

alleged offence

giant in Spenser’s Faerie Queene

Corinthians, First,

CCC

corpus delicti

island, ancient

Gr.

pi. -ora,

Sunday

Corfe Castle Dorset,

Modern

corp/us body,

the festival of institution of the Eucharist, on the Thursday after Trinity

in divorce case (hyphen,

cor/f a lobster cage,

Corfu a Greek

central part of an army,

— d’etite a picked body, — des lettres typ.) the body of the type, — diplomatique

Corpus Christ!

use K-

Corflambo the

(not

ital.)

diplomatic body

cordons sanitaires

Congress of Racial Equality

(US)

co-respondent word in US)

in

pi.

two words)

Corea/, -n

not -ise

corposant St Elmo’s fire corps sing, and pi. corps/ d’armee (Fr. m.) army corps corps de ballet company of ballet dancers

(Fr.

(ornith.) an African waxbill, cordon-bleus (hj^hen)

CORE

corporealize materialize,

corps de bataille the

two words)

cordon-bleu

ital.,

abbr. CpI.

corpor/al of the human body; -ea! physical, as opposed to spiritual

Alabama, Arkansas, and Mary-

in

(crasis) in Gr.

(US) corporation

Corporal

revo-

-ae

—

not -bery, -borie, -bory

cornflour

hornlike process,

Cornubia (Lat.) Cornwall cornucopia/ horn of plenty,

pi. -a

corrupt/, -ed, -ion abbr. corr.

corrupter pi. -s, adj. -n

Corsica

not -or

abbr. Cors., in

Fr.

f.

Corse

count

corslet

72

I

corslet (armour) a cuirass, not

-elet

cotelette

corso (It.) (horse) race, a street Corstorphine Edinburgh

for

coterie an exclusive

it

a cutlet

(Fr. f.)

coterminous

‘set’

coincident boundaries;

cort. cortex

of persons (not

cf.

wine

cortege a (funeral) procession Cortes the legislative assembly of Spain

Cote-rdtie

Cortes, Hernando (or Cortez, Neman) (14851547) Spanish conqueror of Mexico

C6tes-du-Nord dep. France cotillion a dance, in

cort/ex bark,

cotoneaster

pi. -ices;

Corunna in Sp. La Coruna corvee feudal forced labour, drudgery

(not

ital.)

corvette a small naval escort Coryate,

Thomas

(71577-1617) English trav-

a Phrygian priest, pi. -es (not

ital.);

adj. -ic frenzied

coryphee

cottar a peasant, not

-er

cotter a pin, wedge,

etc.

Cottian Alps France and

The

a

poem by

Italy

cotton candy

=

(US)

candyfloss

in British Library, Ref-

erence Division not -eus; pi.

-i

a leading dancer in a corps de ballet

cotton/tail American rabbit (one word); wool raw cotton (two words)

—

ital.)

cottonize Chief of Staff

Cos Greek

island, use K-; but

couch coude

cos lettuce

(math.) cosine (no point)

Cosa Nostra

resembling and related to the Mafia

cosec (math.) cosecant (no point) cosh (math.) h5rperbolic cosine (no use

coule

no hyphen)

an

light

path

apos.)

molten or solidified lava; deep ravine or gulch (not ital., no

a stream of

(US) a

couleur/

cos

abbr.

coulis a

cosmog.

Committee on Space Research

(Fr. f.)

fruit

colour,

— de rose roseate

puree thin enough

to

(fig.)

pour (not

ital.)

coulisse/ a place of informal discussion or negotiation; -s (pi.) the wings in a theatre,

consules (consuls)

cosseted pampered,

cutch its

accent in US), not cooley

abbr.

cosmogony, cosmography

COSPAR

a telescope with

(mus.) a slur

coulee like that’)

co-signatory (hyphen, one word in US) (math.,

(astr.)

couldst (no point)

kosher

Cos# fan tutte (‘All women are opera by Mozart 1790

cosine

cotton-like, not -ise

Coueism psychotherapy by auto-suggestion, named after Emile Coue (1857-1926) cougar (US) a puma

(US) a criminal organization

cosh/ar, -er (Heb.)

make

to

a kind of grass; see also

bent at an angle

CO. sa. (mus.) come sopra, as above

coss.

m. cotillon

Fr.

a rosaceous shrub with berries

Cottonian Library

Corycian nymphs the Muses coryphae/us a chorus leader,

cos

of beef

cottier a cottager

corybant/

(not

ribs

(Fr. f.)

Cotter’s Saturday Night, Burns, 1786

vessel

eller

COS

a red

(Fr. f.)

cotes de bceuf

abbr. ?;ort.

ital.)

same or conterminous

coextensive; having the

‘behind the scenes’

not -etted

co-star (hyphen, one word in US)

couloir a gully

cost-benefit (analysis) (en

Coulomb, Charles Augustin de (1736-1806) French physicist; coulomb (elec.) a unit of charge, abbr. C

costumier

a person

rule)

who makes

or deals in

costumes, not -mer

cosy

coulter a plough blade, not

not -zy (US)

a small bed with high sides, esp. for a baby or small child; (US) a small folding bed

cot

cotangent (math., no hyphen) cote a shelter, esp. for animals or

cote

market quotation,

or birds; a shed

figure,

mark,

cote (Fr. f.) hillside, shore cote (Fr. m.) side Cote d’Azure the eastern Mediterranean Cote-d’Or dep. France

I

coast

-lor

col- (US)

member

of a council

in US), abbr. Cllr.

properties

share

of France

(one

—

—

flat, house (two words) owned by council or a place in which

council/ estate,

abbr. cot

stall (Fr. f.)

council/ assembly;

a council meets

Council of Europe an association of European states, independent of the European Union, founded in 1948 to safeguard the political and cultural heritage of Europe and promote economic and social cooperation counsel/ advice, a barrister; -led, -ling; -lor one

who

counsels (one

count/, -ess

I

in US)

(cap. as title) abbr. Ct.

countdown

73

c.p.m. |

countdown counter

of/ Appeal abbr. CA, Common Pleas abbr. CCP, Probate abbr. CP, St James’s (apos.), Session abbr.

Court

(noun, one word)

space wholly or mainly enclosed within a letter, e.g. the centre of ‘O’ (typ.)

counter/act, -balance, -charge, -claim (one word)

—

—

Courtrai Belgium, not

Courts of Justice

-ay; in FI.

CS

Kortrijk

(caps.)

^

counterclockwise

(US)

= anticlockwise

couscous

counter/-culture, -espionage, -intelligence, -intuitive (h}^hens, one word in US)

counter-quarte

(fencing) (hyphen) not -carte

counter/-reformation

(caps,

with

hist, ref-

erence); -revolution (hyphens)

counter-tenor (mus.) a cf. contratenor

(two words)

country/side, -wide (one word)

fist;

first

sudden or violent change in government (often not ital. in Eng.); de theatre sudden

— — d’ceii a glance, wink

a shallow dish car,

usually for two (not

ital.)

coupee couper

in dancing, a salute to the partner (Sc.)

coup manque

(Fr.

step, not

courier in

Court

family,

dance with a gliding

german

cost, not qui

‘coots’

Covenanter covenantor

(Sc. hist.)

(law)

entry (colon)

Addison and

Steele; a

dance

Coward,

Sir

Noel (Pierce) (1899-1973) Engand composer; also some-

lish actor, dramatist,

times Noel

Cowling Lancs., N. Yorks. Cowlinge Suffolk Cowper, William (1731-1800) English poet cowrie a shell, used as money in Africa and Asia; not -ry;

Cox

cf.

S.

kauri

a variety of eating apple, in full

Cox’s

orange pippin

coxcomb

a fop; see also

coxswain

(naut.) not cocks-, colloq.

Coy.

company

(mil.)

cocks-

cox

coyote a N. American prairie wolf coypu a S. American aquatic rodent, source of

cozen cheat, defraud, beguile cozy use cosy (except in US) Cape Province (of S. Africa); Central Provnow Madhya Pradesh (India); Chief Pat-

inces,

riarch, Civil Power, Civil Procedure,

coranto

Fr.

coute que coute (Fr.) at any Coutts & Co. bankers, pron.

CP

m.) a failure

for) a

Cour de Cassation

cuscus

nutria fur; not -ou

a dealer

Couperin the name of a French musical esp. Francois (1688-1733) composer

courante (music

see also

not -aine, -ane; pi. -s

(law) conspiracy to commit a crime etc. against a third party; (arch.) fraud, deception

lit.

motor

german

covin

— de fouet (fencing) a ‘beat’, a lash of the whip; — de grace a finishing stroke; — de main sudden attack to gain a position; — de maitre a master stroke; — de pied a kick; — — de soleil de poing blow with the sunstroke; — d’essai attempt; — d’etat

a covered

dish of granulated

cover-up (noun, hyphen)

coup a stroke, esp. a political revolution Coupar Angus Tayside (no hyphen) not Cucoup/ de foudre (Fr. m.) stroke of lightning;

coupe coupe

cousin/

in the Spectator by

county abbr. Co. (as part of name) County Council/, -lor abbr. CC County court (one cap.) abbr. CC

sensational act;

NW African

cover girl (two words) covering letter not cover letter (US) Coverley, Sir Roger de a character described

countrif/y, -ied not country-

— house

a

steamed over broth;

Coventry: the signature of the Bishop of CovLancs, (one cap.

only)

country/ dance,

flour

coutur/ier, -iere a dressmaker

singing-voice, abbr. C.;

Countesthorpe Leics. Counties palatine Ches. and

courtyard (one word)

Press, Clerk of the Peace, Code of Procedure, College of Preceptors, Common

Clarendon see

Cassation

m. courrier

Pleas,

Common

Prayer,

Communist

of Probate

Courtauid Institute of Art London court bouillon (Fr. cook, m.) a fish stock

cp. compare, prefer

Courtenay the family name of the

c.p. candlepower, carriage paid

Earl of

CPC

Devon

courthouse (one word), Courtmantle use Cu-

Party,

Congregatio Passionis (Passionist Fathers), Court

abbr. C., Ct.

abbr.

CH

court/ martial (noun, two words) court-martial (verb, hyphen)

cf.

Clerk of the Privy Council

c.p.i. characters per inch

CpI. Corporal pi. -s

martial;

c.p.i. characters per line

c.p.m. characters per minute

CPO

cricket

74

I

CPO

Chief Petty Order

Compulsory Purchase

Officer,

creese of Rural Eng-

land Gustos Privati

Sigilli

Crefeld Germany,

use K-

historian

(Keeper of the Privy

c.p.s. characters per second, cycles per second

CPSA Civil and Public Services Association CPU (comput.) central processing unit CR Carolina Regina (Queen Caroline), Carolus

crematori/um pi. -a creme/ anglaise, brulee, caramel, de cassis, de la creme the very best, de menthe, — fraiche (not ital.); not cre-

Rex

Cremona

Italy,

crenate

Rolls)

crenulate

Cr chromium (no Cr. credit, -or;

point)

Crown philologist

Crabbe, George (1754-1832) English poet Anglicized spelling of Krakow, Poland

Craigton Glasgow

—

crap/e a (usually black) gauzelike mourning; adj. -y; see also crepe a

crassa negligentia crawfish a

large

(law) criminal negligence

marine spiny

lobster, pi. pi.

same

same

cres., cresc.; (non-technical) gradually increasing noise; pi. -s

Cressy

use

Crecy

(her.) a

device above the shield and hel-

met of a coat of arms cretaceous chalky, not

-ious; (cap.) of or relating to the last period of the Mesozoic era

cretin

person affected by) a type of physical

(a

and mental handicap;

cretonne

in

Fr.

m.

cretin,

f.

cretine

a cotton cloth Saone-et-Loire, France; not

-zot

(hyphen)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (en

crevasse

rule)

a large fissure, esp. in the ice of a

glacier

abbr. cr.

Creation, the

crape

(mus.) growing in force; abbr.

Creusot, Le dep.

camera-ready copy

cream/-laid a writing paper with wire marks, -wove a writing paper without wire marks

created

— de Chine raw silk crepe; — crepe; — Suzette small pan-

smooth

Cretan of Crete

(two words)

crayfish a freshwater crustacean,

CRC

fabric, for

network of fine cracks in a paint-

— pad

notched

m.) crape fabric other than black,

pancake;

crest

varnish

crash/ helmet,

with bat-

not k-

(Fr.

cake; see also

person; adj. -y

its

crepe/

crescendo/

skull, pi. -a

by a particular theory; (US) a bad-tempered

ing or

(mil.) furnish(ed)

Creole-Negro speaking a Spanish or French dialect, a black person born in the USA, or a pidgin grown more sophisticated through use (not cap.); see also Cajun; pidgin

lisse

eccentric person, esp. one obsessed

craquelure

there (cap.)

(of leaves)

Indies, in loose use (cap.) a

(f )

cranesbill plant of the genus Geranium (one word)

crank an

made

—

in strict use, a

creosote

not -oon (US)

Crane,/ (Harold) Hart (1899-1932) US poet, Stephen (1871-1900) US novelist and poet

crani/um the

also a violin

notched

(bot.) finely

—

—

pureblooded descendant of French, Spanish, Portuguese settlers in W. Indies, Louisiana, Mauritius, Africa, and E.

Crabb, George (1778-1854) English

crampon

(bot.)

crenellateid) tlements

Creole

cr. created

Cracow

—

—

(King Charles), Civis Romanus (Roman citizen). Community of the Resurrection, credit rating, current rate. Gustos Rotulorum (Keeper of the

creche

pi. -s

use kris

Creighton, Mandell (1843-1901) bishop and

Seal)

crc,

as part of title, e.g.

Apostles’ or Nicene Credo;

CPR Canadian Pacific Railway CPRE Council for the Protection CPS

credo/ creed; capitalize

Crevecoeur, Michel Guillaume Jean

de

(cap.)

day nursery, (US) a Nativity scene a

a representation

of

(1735-1813) French-born

US

writer

(lig-

ature)

creve-caeur

(Fr.

m.) heartbreak,

pi.

same

prawn

Crecy, battle of 1346, not Cressy, Creci

crevette

credible believable, convincing

crevice

creditable bringing credit or honour

crib (US) a small bed with high sides, esp. for a baby or small child (UK = cot)

credit/, -or abbr. Cr.

fonder

(Fr.

personal estate

on loans on

m.) a society for loans

real estate, — mobiUer a society for

a small fissure

Criccieth Gwynedd

credit card (two words) credit!

(Fr. f.)

James, ‘the Admirable’ (156071585) Scottish scholar and soldier

Crichton/,

cricket/, -er, -ing^

cri

75

de ccBur

Cruikshank |

cri

de casur

crim. con.

crossbar (one word)

m.) a passionate appeal

(Fr.

(law) criminal conversation, adul-

tery

cross-bench(er)

(hyphen)

(pari.)

crossbill a passerine bird (one word)

crime passionnel

(Fr. m.) a crime caused by sexual passion (two ns)

crimplene

(propr.)

bulked Terylene

crossette

cring/e, -ing

crinkum-crankum

intricate, crooked; not

-cum -cum cris/is

-es

pi.

crispbread

a thin biscuit (one word)

criteri/on standard of judgement,

criticaster a petty

Crosshill

pi. -a

-ise ital.)

Reason by

Kant, 1781, in

Ger. Kritik der reinen Vernunft

CRMP

Hrvat; not Croatian (US); -ia a republic of the former Yugoslavia, in Serbo-Croat Hrv-

atska

crochet/ hooked-needle work;

-ed, -ing

in full Crockford’s Clerical Dir-

ectory, the ‘Who’s

(her.)

a small cross, not cros-

Who’ of the

(one word)

cross-reference

Croat/ a native of Croatia, in Serbo-Croat

Crockford

crosslet

crossmatch

Montenegro

for

etc.

Strathclyde

cross-link (hyphen)

Corps of Royal Military Police

Crna Gora Serbo-Croat

newspaper, journal,

Fife,

Cross Hill Derby., Shropshire Crosskeys Co. Antrim, Co. Cavan, Gwent Cross Keys Kent, Wilts,

critic

critique a review (not

Critique of Pure

(archit.) a ledge, not crose-

Crossgates Cumbria, Fife, Powys, N. Yorks. Cross Gates W. Yorks. cross-heading (typ.) a heading to a paragraph printed across a column in the body of an article in a

crit. critic/al, -ized

criticize not

cross-bill (law) a promissory note given in exchange, a bill brought by defendant against plaintiff in a Chancery suit (hyphen)

clergy

abbr. x-ref.

crossroad(s) (one word)

cross section (noun, two words)

crosswalk crossways crosswind crossword

(US)

= pedestrian

crossing

not -way, -wise (US)

(one word) (puzzle)

Crockford’s a London club

crotchet/ a musical note, a whim; -ed,

crocus/

Crouchback

pi.

Croesus

-es

(6th

bc) a rich

c.

king (and the

last)

of Lydia not croisant

Croix de Guerre

Cro-Magnon/

a

French military decoration

(anthrop.) of a prehistoric race,

from remains found

—

at

,

dep. Dordogne,

France

Cromartie, Earl of

cromesquis

(Fr.

Crome Yellow

cook, m.) see

kromesky

by Aldous Huxley, 1921

Cronos use KCrookback sobriquet

of Richard

111,

not

Croonian Lecture of the Royal

crore

(Ind.)

game

(not

ital.),

Society

as verb -ed, -ing

rissole (not ital.)

ten million, point thus:

1 , 00 , 00 , 000 ; see also

crosette

use

lakh

crossette

crosier a bishop’s or archbishop’s

staff, not

five shil-

former size of paper, 15 x 20 in.; crown 4to 10 x 7.5 in.; crown 8vo 7.5 x 5 in. (untrimmed); the basis for size of metric crown is 768 x 1008 lings (25p); a

mm

Crowner’s quest

dialectal for Coroner’s

Crown

Office abbr.

CO

crozier

use cros-

Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium (Calendar of the Patent Rolls)

CRR

Curia Regis Roll

CRT

cathode-ray tube

cru

(Fr. m.) a French vineyard or wineproducing region, the wine produced from it, a specific growth (no accent)

Crucifixion, the

(cap.)

crudites an hors d’oeuvre of mixed raw vege-

-zier

tables, in pi. (not ital.)

crosiet use crosslet

cross/

(typ.) a proof-correction sign for a battered sort; Greek -f Latin -L; Maltese tau of St Anthony J see also crux

—

m. crouton

CRP

physicist

croquette

Fr.

Crowther-Hunt, Baron (hyphen)

Crookes, Sir William (1832-1919) English

a

a bit of crust or toast, in

Crowland Lines., Suffolk, not CroyCrown, the (cap. C) abbr. Cr. crown a former British coin equal to

inquest (one cap. only)

Crouchback

croquet/

-ing, -y

Crook-

croupier a gaming table attendant

crouton

croissant

use

;

;

Cruft’s

Dog Show

not

-s’

Cruikshank, George (1792-1878) English caturist and illustrator

cari-

CUP

crumhorn

76

|

crumhorn cruse

Eng. spelling of

krummhorn

cubic

a jar, not cruise

— barrier

(two words)

Cruso NC Crusoe, Robinson by

Defoe, 1719

crush/ bar,

crux/ ansata cross with a handle,

missa tau cross, J — decussata Andrew or St Patrick, X ;

-f:

— com

cross of St

Crying of Lot 49, The novel by Thomas Pyn-

cryogenics the study of low-temperature

refri-

geration

5d;h.)

chamber,

pi. -a

warrior hero

to cuddle, given to cuddling;

cudgel/, -led, -ling (one

CUDS

I

in US)

Cambridge University Dramatic Society

cue/, -ing;

cf.

=

cuffs (US)

queue

(trouser) turn-ups

Cufic use K-

cui bono?

cuidado

who

(Lat.)

(Sp. m.)

gains by

it?

danger, care, worry; not

ciu-

cuirass/ body armour,

-ler a soldier

wearing

it

(bot.) any member of the Cryptogamia, flowerless plants; -ous

cryptogam/

crypto/gram anything written

in code;

crypton (chem.)

cryptonym

name -is-;

culs-de-sac pi.

-ices

use colan-

Seal)

cultivar

(bot.) a

pi.

same; not

cz-

Commission, Conspicuous

Secondary Education, replaced in 1988 by GCSE Certificate of

a gas used to control riots etc. (two

caps.)

Star of

India

cultivation,

Cambridge University Mission with (not

ital.)

of Cumae, near Naples

dividend with dividend,

abbr. c.d.

cumfrey use comcum grano salis (Lat.) with a grain of salt cumin a plant with aromatic seeds (one m)

cum

CSI Companion of the Order of the

made by

Cumbernauld Strathclyde Cumbria a county of England

cum

Service Cross (now DSC)

variety

Culzean Castle Strathclyde

cum (Lat.) Cumaean

c/s cycles per second

—

abbr. cv.

CUM

(no point)

Csar etc., use Tscsardas a Hungarian dance,

Culpeper/, Nicholas (1616-54) English herbalist; Va. from Thomas, Lord (15781662) former Governor

—

-ed, -ing

of Chemistry), Civil Service, Clerk to the Signet, College of Science, Common Serjeant, Court of Session, Gustos Sigilli (Keeper of the

Civil Service

pi.

Cullinan a famous diamond

Chemical Society (now part of Royal Society

Cs caesium

ital.)

oyster spawn, not cultch

cullender

crystal, crystallography crystaliiz/ation, -e not

culch

cui/ex a gnat,

use k-

a private

cuisine cookery (not

cul-de-sac

-grapher, -graphic, -graphy

CS gas

m

Cuillins mountains in Skye

chon, 1966

CSE

(Ir.

-lier, -liest

cruzeiro former monetary unit of Brazil, from 1986 one-thousandth of a cruzado

CSC

(archaeol.) burial

Cuchulainn

cuddl/y tempting

cru/x* (of an argument) the decisive point at issue, pi. -xes or -ces (not ital.)

CS

abbr. c., cu., cub.

cubicui/um

laude/

(Lat.)

with distinction,

— with high distinction, summa

magna

—

with

highest distinction

CSM Company Sergeant Major CSU Civil Service Union

cummerbund

CT

Cummings, E(dward) E(stiin) (1894-1962) US writer and poet who renounced use of capital letters; thus properly e. e. cummings cum multis aiiis (Lat.) with many others cum. pref. cumulative preference cumquat use k-

Connecticut (postal abbr.)

Ct. Count, Court ct. cent

CTC

Cyclists’

Ctesiphon

Touring Club

city

ctl. central,

of ancient Mesopotamia

cts. centimes, cents

Cambridge University

Cu cuprum

(copper) (no point)

cumul/us

(meteor.) a cloud form, pi.

(two words)

-i;

abbr.

k.

cuneiform wedge-shaped; not cunif-, cunefCunninghame Graham, Robert Bontine (1852-1936) British writer (no hyphen)

CU. cubic

cube root

loi-,

-s

cto. (mus.) concerto

CU

a waistbelt; not cumber-,

-band

CUP

Cambridge University Press

Cupar

77

Cymric I

Cupar/

Cup

— Angus Tayside, use Coupar

Fife:

Angus cupbearer

(one word)

Final but cup-tie

alloy of copper

and nickel (one

word)

cuprum

copper, symbol

curagao

Cu

named

a liqueur

curb

a drug; not

Caribbean

after the

-a,

-i,

for all

petit

ital.),

— French

(ital.)

CS cut and dried

(adj.,

curfuffle use ker-

k-; see also

(bot.) cultivar

Curie,/ Marie Sklodowska (1867-1934) and Pierre (1859-1906) French sciher husband

Cwith

curie a unit of radioactivity, abbr. Ci replaced by becquerel curio/ an object of

(cap.);

now

braces

(typ.)

{

CV, c.v. (not

symbol

-um vitae

I, #

(ital.)

fluently pi. -a

vitae, abbr.

cycloped/ia,

Cyclop/s

(astr.)

6,585^ days

-ic but use -paed- in

quoting

titles

a giant with

one

young swan,

not cig-

eye, pi. -es; adj.

-ean a

movable indicator on a

VDU

(theat.) in Fr.

/ever

c/e

rideau

Curtiss, Glenn Hammond (1878-1930) US pioneer aviator

Curtmantle sobriquet of Henry -sey, -ied, -ies,

11,

not Cou-

-ying

Curwen, John (1816-80) pioneer of tonic sol-fa cuscus/ a marsupial, — grass of India; see also couscous group of African languages of the Hamitic t)q)e

a

cyma

(archit.) a

moulding of the cornice

cf. cembalo cymbal/o a dulcimer, pi. -os cymbiform boat-shaped, not cymbaeCymmrodorion, Honourable Society

cymbalist

a cymbal-player;

of (two ms)

curvilinear (one word)

(of or pertaining to) a

cygnet

Cym. Cymric

screen, identifying the active position

Cushitic

-ic

using that form; abbr. eye.

ital.)

cursor (comput.)

curts/y not

and

in scientific

cyclo-cross cross-country bicycle racing

Sligo

curtain-raiser

Co-operative Wholesale Society

Cycle of the Saros

Currie Lothian

Curry Co.

(Australian)

Cwmbran Gwent Cwmcarn Gwent

as pi.)

(Lat.) easily,

pi. -a;

wine

of the Royal Victorian Order

Commonwealth

(no point)

eye. cycloped/ia,

abbr. cur.

currente catamo

dock

cybernetics the study of communication processes in animals and machines (sing, treated

)

Curragh, The Co. Kildare

abbr. cur.;

in dry

technical work)

a coracle, not -agh

curricul/um

sort of

cwt. hundredweight (no point

curly brackets

(elec.)

CVO Commander

CWS

Cm curl; not -eque, -ycue

current

now

c.w.o. cash with order

art, pi. -s (not ital.)

curlicue a decorative

-t

clipper,

cutty-stool a stool of repentance

curriculum vitae

entists

(hyphens)

cut-throat (hyphen)

CV

—

(adj.)

(typ.) illustrations

CV.

—

curren/cy,

plants, the

couch

advisare vult Curial the papal court (cap.); the court desires to consider, abbr. c.a.v.

currach

no h3q>hens)

cuvee a vatful, jugful, or Cuyp Dutch artists, not K-

cure-all a universal remedy (h5q)hen)

curium symbol

CH -odes

— —

Cutty Sark a famous at Greenwich

use kerb-

cure/ French priest (not curate

pi.

Custos/ Privati Sigilli Keeper of the Privy Seal, Rotulorum Keeper of the Rolls, abbr. CPS; abbr. CR; Sigilli Keeper of the Seal, abbr.

cuts

urari

senses in US); cf kerb

curbstone

m.) a custodian,

cut/-off, -out (nouns), -price

and part of a bridle (used

for verb,

(Lat.

in the custody of the law

tough paper sheets used by gold-beaters: not

-eable

island, not -oa (not cap.)

curare

(two words) abbr.

cutback (noun, one word) Cutch India, use Kcutch catechu, an extract of Indian

cur. currency, current

curable not

(Lat.)

oust/ os

cupful/ the amount held by a cup, esp. (US) a half-pint or 8-ounce measure in cookery (one word); pi. -s; but ‘cups full’ (two words)

cupronickel an

custodia legis

custom house

E.

Cymrae/g Welsh

(Welsh) the Welsh language, -s a

woman

Cymreig/ (Welsh,

women Cymric Welsh

adj.)

Welsh, -esau Welsh

Cymro

Czerny

78

|

Cymr/o

(Welsh) a Welshman; -u Wales; Welshmen, the Welsh nation; not K-

CYMS

Catholic

myth.) a dog-headed

creature

a sac,

-ic;

not

ci-

to Aphrodite, not -ian

Canal Zone (Panama) Czar etc., use Ts- (except czardas use cs-

use ci-

(law) as

(biol.)

Cythere^n pertaining

CZ

Cynthius an epithet of Apollo

cy pres

in US)

Czech near as possible to a testator’s

intentions

(of or relating to) (a native) of the Czech Republic, or Bohemia, or the language of

this people

—

Cyprian/ of C3rprus and C)^riot; Aphrodite Venus, in Lat. Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus (c.200-58) Christian writer and martyr

Czechoslovak

Cypriot an inhabitant or the language of Cyprus

Czech Republic formed 1993

—

school of

Is)

Cynthia the moon

cypher

its

allit-

cyst/ (classical

or

Cyrillic (pertaining to) the alphabet used by Slavonic peoples of the Eastern Church (two

cynganeddion

cynocephalus

Cyprus indep. rep. 1960 Cyrenaic pertaining to Cyrene philosophy

Young Men’s Society

Cynewulf (8th c.) Anglo-Saxon poet cynghanedd a form of Welsh poetic eration, pi.

-y

(hist.) (a person) belonging to the former Czechoslovakia; not -ian, now

Czech

or

Slovak

Czerny, Karl (1791-1857) Austrian composer

D

deuterium

500,

(

=

Dafydd Wales, Welsh

heavy hydrogen), the

works

d

d

Deutsch)

{see

(prefix) deci-

d. date, daughter, day, dead, degree, departs; desert/ed, -er; died, dime, dioptre, dose; (Fr.)

douane (customs),

droite (the right

hand);

(It.)

destra (right), (Lat.) decretum (a decree), denarii

(pence), denarius (penny); (meteor.) drizzling

an un-Anglicized proper name should, in accordance with Fr. practice, be lower case and not cap., as ‘d’Arsonval’, except at beginning of sentence; it is always cap. in

d’ as prefix to

It.,

as ‘D’Annunzio’. Signatures to be copied

Icelandic, Norse,

OF

phonetic letter, pron. see also eth

(lower case

like

the soft

S),

and

tk in ‘that’;

d (math.) sign of partial derivative 5 (typ.) delete

DA

Dagapur dagger/

Ethiopia (|),

double

(f)

(typ.) in

name

tians.

When

X

in Ger.

follows the

Dagonet, Sir King Arthur’s

fool

Mande

Daguerre, Louis Jacques

(1789-1851) French pioneer of photography

daguerreotype

(not cap.)

dahabeeyah

a Nile sailing boat

Dahomey W.

Africa,

now Benin

Dail Eireann the Lower House of the Irish Par-

liament

d’aUleurs

(Fr.)

besides,

however

daimio/ a Japanese noble,

make of motor

pi. -s

Daimler

a

daimon

Hellenistic transcription of

car

dais a small platform, not dais

dakoit

Dictionary of American Biography

— capo or —

capo al fine repeat from the beginning to the word fine, abbr. DC; — capo al segno repeat from the beginning to the sign

DAC

use

d’accord

dacha (not

house or cottage in Russia

a Nazi concentration

dacoit an Indian robber; not

camp, 1933-45

Dalard Sweden,

not

—

spiritual

Island, as the suffix

-d

Salvador (1904-89) Catalan painter see

Delilah

Dallapiccola, Luigi (1904-75) Italian com-

Dalmatian

a breed of spotted dog, of Dalmatia;

not -ion

segno (It. mus.) repeat from DS damageable not -gable dal

the sign

abbr.

-ic

Dada/ unconventional and film

art, literature,

music,

c.1920; -ism, -ist, -istic

daddy-long-legs the crane-fly (of the family Tipulidae) or the harvestman (of the family Opilionidae), not daddy longlegs (US) dado/ pi. -s

Daedalus

(Gr. m5dh.) the builder of the Cretan labyrinth and father of Icarus; cf. De-

daemon

Lama the Grand Lama of Tibet, head of Tibetan Buddhism

dak-, dec-

dactyl/ (prosody) a foot of three syllables (- “ -),

abbrs. N. Dak., S.

poser

ital.)

Dachau

off.

SD

Dalai

Dalila

agree

a country

Dak., postal ND,

Dali,

Dhaka

(Fr.) I

dac-

indicates ‘island’

digital-analogue converter

Dacca

use

Dakota (North, South)

abbr.

— capella or — chiesa in church style

DS;

daemon;

demon

daiquiri a rum-based cocktail (not cap.)

(prefix) deca-

style;

it

daggle-tail use draggle-

da

da/ ballo (mus.) a dance

name

normal double dagger should not be used for this symbol signifies ‘killed in battle’; the

Da. Danish

DAB

Eng. before

signifies ‘dead’

or ‘died’; this should be used only of Chris-

see also

deposit account, (US) District Attorney

—

person’s

(in Ger. after) a

a lower-case letter found in Old Saxon and (with quite different value) modern Serbo-Croat

0d

is

^

D. (US) Democrat, Deputy, Deus (God), Dominus (Lord), Duke, prefix to enumeration of Schubert’s

David (the saint

for

Dewi); not Daff-

fourth in series

demon

except for the sense in Greek mythology of a supernatural being or indwelling spirit, not dai- (except when using Hellenic transcription) use

daffadowndilly a daffy (one word)

daffodil; not daffi-, daffo-,

Damara/, -land

SW Africa,

now Namibia

damascen/e to)

(noun, verb, adj.) (of or relating ornament in metal; not -keen, -kin; -er

Dame

the title given to a woman with the rank of Knight Commander or holder of the Grand Cross in the Orders of Chivalry

Dame aux cameUas, La

a play by

Dumas fils,

1848

Damien de Veuster, Joseph, ‘Father Damien’ (1840-89) Belgian priest to a leper colony in the Hawaiian Islands

damnosa hereditas involving loss

(Lat.)

an inheritance

damnum absque

Davy

injuria

80

\

damnum absque

injuria

(Lat.)

damage with-

same about it; the traditional French wing holds the age in high esteem

out wrong

Damon and

Pythias

Dan. (Book

Dan/ae

myth.) model friends; Phintias

(Gr.

the correct spelling

is

of) Daniel

myth.) the mother of Perseus, also Danaea a fern genus; -aid a daughter of Danaus; -aus the son of Belus

an d.

(Gr.

c. dilatation (of the cervix)

Daniel,

not

Book

Danish

ist that

-law (one word)

dass

(elec.)

usually called a Dan-

danse macabre dans/eur

a

(Fr.

f.)

male dancer, -euse

a female dancer

fond

basically, in fact; cf.

au fond

Italian poet;

dhow

Daughters of the American Revolution

Mme

(1752-1840) the English nov-

Fanny Burney

Darby and Joan

fields,

noun taking singular verb;

datum (one word)

datable capable of being dated,

not -eable attrib.)

data-set (hyphen) (h3q>hen)

d., -line

dative the indirect

object, abbr. dat.

Datta, Michael Madhusudan (1824-73) Bengali poet and dramatist

datum daube

a thing

known

a braised

or granted,

pi.

data

meat stew

Daudet,/ Alphonse (1840-97) French novelist, Leon (1867-1942) French writer and poli-

—

tician

a devoted old married couple,

Derby

daughter/

abbr. d., dau.; -in-law, pi.

daughters-in-law (hyphens)

Jeanne

(Fr.) Joan of Arc, alphabetized Jeanne d’ Darcy de Knayth, Baroness

Dardanelles the .strait linking the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean, in antiquity called Hellespont

daredevil (one word)

Dar es Salaam the former

capital of Tanzania

(no hyphens)

Dar the modern

Daumier, Honore (1808-79) French painter Dauntsey’s School Devizes dauphin the eldest son of the King of France 1349-1830; Dauphine his traditional lands in SE France; dauphiness his wife, in Fr. dauphine Dav. David

dare say (two words)

Persian language of Afghan-

istan

Darjeeling not

computing and related

Datta, Sudhindranath (1901-60) Indian poet

Gdansk

Ger. for

d’Arblay,

d’Arc, Arc,

—

data bank (two words)

date/ abbr. (Fr.)

-ean, -esque, -ist (caps.)

not

to say, abbr. d. h.;

(spaces in Ger. abbrs.)

data processing (hyphen when

dance of death

Dant/e Alighieri (1265-1321)

elist

is

i.

audio tape

in

(pi.)

database Italian

ital.)

use

that

abbr. d.

that (conjunction)

(Ger.)

digital

see also

also

writer (cap. D)

daou

is,

treated as collective

an order of knighthood; not Dane-

Danzig

DAT data

abbr. Da.

D’Annunzio, Gabriele (1864-1938)

ie

(one word) (Ger.)

dat. dative

danke schon (Ger.) many thanks Dannebrog the Danish national standard,

(not

dass

das/ heiiit

cell

iell

hei/it;

Scott’s

of (OT) abbr. Dan.

Daniell’s battery

(1731-1802) Eng-

poet, grandfather of

the (n. sing, nominative and accusthat (demonstrative); see also das

(Ger.)

dashboard

-It;

Erasmus

,

ative), also

terrier,

scurf, not -riff

Dane/geld

—

and

lish physician

Charles; -ian, -Ism, -Ist

Guy Mannering

dandruff

Origin of Species;

das

Dandie Dinmont a breed of Scottish from Andrew Dinmont a farmer in

DAR

Darwin/, Charles Robert (1809-82) author of

and cur-

ettage (of the uterus)

dans

darkroom (one word) darshan (Hind.) seeing a revered person Darwen Lancs., not Over —

asteroid;

and

right

Davies,/ Sir Henry Walford (1869-1941) musiWilliam Henry (1871-1940) poet cian,

—

da

Darji-

Dark Ages, the the period of European

D’Avenant, Sir William (1606-68) English playwright and poet. Poet Laureate 1660-8; also spelt Davenant

history

preceding the Middle Ages, especially the 5th-10th cc. Beware of using the term too liberally, since not all European cultures underwent the same degree of unenlightenment during this period, or feel the

Vinci,

Leonardo

see

Leonardo da Vinci

Davis, Jefferson (1808-89) US senator and President of the Confederate States 1862-5

Davis/ apparatus for escape from a submarine, Cup a tennis trophy

—

Davy/, Sir

Humphry

not -ey (1778-1829) Eng-

lish chemist, inventor of the

— lamp

Davy Jones’s locker

81

Davy Jones’s locker the seabed Dawley Shropshire Day, John (1522-84) English printer,

D.d. Deo dedit (gave to God)

dd also spelt

Daye, Dale

day

week, and of

when

Welsh

in

fasts, feasts, festivals, holidays;

necessary, to Sun., Mon., Tue.,

Wed., Thur.,

Fri.,

Sat. In

Fr.,

no

caps., as

DDA

D-Day 6 June 1944 (hyphen)

DDD

dat, dicat, dedicat (gives, devotes,

DDR abbr. d.b.

DDS DDT

(propr.) (of) a

Doctor of Dental Surgery dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (an

insecticide)

make of fluorescent

paint or other colouring

Day-Lewis, Cecil (1904-72) Poet Laureate 1968-72 (hyphen), wrote under the name C. Day Lewis (no hyphen) daylight (one word)

Summer Time

(three words); abbr.

DST day/-long (hyphen)

— room

DE

Delaware

de

(as preflx to

(two words)

dayside (one word) day’s journey (Heb.) about 17 miles daytime (one word)

Anglicized (‘De Quincey’, ‘De Vinne’) or starting a sentence; where lower-case, alphabetize by surname (‘Mairan, Jean-Jacques de’, ‘Cha-

Anglicized

dead/beat,

deacon/al, -ate

decibel (no point)

d.b. daybook, double bed, double-breasted

of the Order of the

dbl. double direct-broadcast satellite, direct broad-

casting by satellite

DC

600, (mus.) da capo (from the beginning), deputy-consul, direct current (not d.c.). District of Columbia (USA)

of the Order of the

Bath

compact cassette

-bolt, -eye, -fall (one word)

dead-head (hyphen) dead heat (noun), dead-heat

(verb)

deadweight (one word, two in US), abbr. dw deaf-and-dumb alphabet use sign language unless this specific system

is

meant

dean not a s)mon3nii for doyen; see also dene Dean of Faculty (Sc.) (not of the) president of Dear/

Doctor of Civil Law

deasil

DCM Distinguished Conduct Medal DCMG Dame Commander of the Order

Madam, (Sc.)

deathbed of St

Michael and St George

DCVO Dame Commander

(naut.) calculating a ship’s position from the log, compass, etc. when observations are impossible; often inexact, and the term should not be used in contexts where precision is meant; abbr. DR

the Faculty of Advocates, abbr.

D.Ch. Doctor of Surgery

— Sir

DF

in printed letter full left

clockwise, opp. to widdershins

(one word)

— knell, — mask, — penalty, — rate, — rattle, — — row, — squad, — tax, — threat, — — trap, — war-

death/ blow,

roll,

of the Royal Vic-

torian Order

DD

use diac-

abbr. d.

dead reckoning

dbk. drawback

DCL

though

dead/line, -lock, -pan (one word)

Empire

digital

de’),

treated differently

Afrikaans varies; follow established convention or the bearer’s preference; cf. de La; du; van, van den, van der

dB

DCC

comte

names may be

by their bearers. In Sp. and Port, not cap. (‘Figueiredo, Adelpha Silva Rodrigues de’) and omitted in bare surname references, as for It. (‘Medici, Lorenzo de’ ’) unless of Lat. form (‘De Sanctis’). In Du. generally not cap. and not used in alphabetizing (‘Groot, Huijg de’); in Flemish the reverse is true (‘De Bruyne, Jan’);

dead

DCB Dame Commander

proper name) not cap. (‘de Canexcept when

dolle’, ‘de Talleyrand-Perigord’),

Dayton Ohio Daytona Beach Fla. DB Domesday Book

DBE Dame Commander

(postal abbr.)

zelles, Jean-Fran^ois,

Daylight Saving Time (US) one hour in advance of local US time, largely equivalent

day/ nursery,

Demokratische Republik (Ger-

Democratic Republic) East Germany, 1949-90

day-girl (h3^phen)

to British

(Ger.) Deutsche

man

day-boy (hyphen) day/break, -dream (one word)

DBS

and dedic-

dono dedit dedicavit (gave and consecrated

as a gift)

Dayak use Dyak daybed (one word) daybook (one word),

British

gift)

Dangerous Drugs Act

ates);

lundi

Day-Glo

a separate letter, not to be divided

dd. delivered d.d. dono dedit (gave as a

abbr. d. (typ.) initial caps for days of the

abbr.,

death-watch beetle |

direct debit, Divinitatis Doctor (Doctor of Divinity)

toll,

rant (two words)

death-watch beetle (hyphen, two words US)

in

death wish

de-emphasize

82

{

decimate

death wish (two words)

deb

debutante (no point, no accent)

(colloq.)

debat

specified

a downfall (no accents)

decimator one who decimates,

m.) discussion, debate; (poet.) a

(Fr.

poem

form of a debate between two chan opposed principles (ital.)

in the

acters representing

debatable

not -eable

debauchee

a libertine

debenture/ abbr. deb., -holder (hyphen, two words in US)

debonair

gaily elegant, not -aire; in Fr.

debon-

naire

debut/, -ant

f.

-ante (not

m. debris

Fr.

ital.,

no

accent); see

-er;

abbr.

dm

Dec. Decani, December,

in.;

not

paper, not

-el

declar/ation, -ed abbr. dec.

Independence USA, 4 July

of/

Indulgence a royal proclamation of religious liberties, esp. under Charles II in 1672 and James II in 1687 (caps.) (caps.);

f.

-ee

who

inferior status (not (archit.)

3.937

(no point)

decimo-octavo (typ.) 18mo (not ital.); see eighteenmo deckle edge the ragged edge of handmade

declass/e

deb

takes every

-er

decimetre one-tenth of a metre,

1776

(Peerage)

debris ruins (no accent), in also

tenth part or person; not

Declaration

Debrett

of;

ate totally’,

deb. debenture

debacle

or remove one in ten, kill a large do not use to mean ‘exterminor when any other proportion is

kill

proportion

(or that)

has fallen to an

ital.)

Decorated

declension dec. deceased, declaration, declared, declen-

(gram.) a system of case-endings,

abbr. dec.

sion, declination, decorative

declinable not dec. (mus.) decrescendo dec.

deced/e,

(Fr.)

cap.)

deca-

-ee

(deceased); decembre (not

(December)

(Fr. f.)

week

ten, abbr.

da

a period of ten days, substituted

in the French Republican calendar

litres, abbr. dl

(no point)

Decalogue the Ten Commandments DecameroHj The by Boccaccio, 1352 decametre 10 metres, abbr. dm (no point) India, use

Decc-

decani dean’s or south

Durham

side of a choir (north

Cathedral), abbr. Dec.; opp.

to ca..toris

decanter

(Fr.)

f.

Fr.

m. decembre,

decolorize not

-colour-, -ise

decolour render

colourless, not -or (US)

deconstruct/-ion, -ionist, -ing, -ive and lit. theory) (one word, not cap.)

decor

room

stage or

(philos.

furnishings and fittings

decibel a unit

for

decrescendo/

-id

(mus.) decreasing in loudness;

abbr. dec., decres.‘ as

decret/um a bar

noun,

pi. -s

a (papal) decree, pi. -a; abbr.

(Lat.)

d.

comparing intensity of

Dedalus, Stephen a character

noises, power, etc.; abbr. dB; see also bel

Decies, Baron decigram one-tenth of a gram,

trait of the Artist as

Ulysses,

not

-mme;

abbr.

1922;

cf.

in Joyce’s

A

litre,

not -ise

decimal point (two words)

abbr. dl (no point)

Por-

a Young Man, 1914-15, and

Dae-

Dedlock, Sir Leicester and Lady characters in Dickens’s Bleak House, not Dead-

point)

decilitre one-tenth of a

Memorial Day

decorum propriety of conduct decoupage (not ital.)

decrepit decayed, not

-ise

law) to judge; see also discern

decibar one-tenth of

(US) see

abbr. dec.

nisi (law) the first stage in the dissolution of a marriage (not ital.)

deci- a prefix meaning one-tenth, abbr. d

decimalize

John the

decree

X*’’’®

a decade, pi. -a

decentralize not

dg (no

St

decollet/age a low neckline on a woman’s dress etc.; -e having a low neckline (not ital.)

Decoration Day

abbr. dec. (not cap.), also

(Sc.

deco

decoilate behead; Decollation of

decorative

-ee deceased, abbr. dec.

abbr. Dec.; in

decenni/um decern

use art

dac-

decorat/e, -or

a bottle to hold decanted liquor

December

use

(no accent)

Deccan India, not Decan deceased abbr. dec. deced/e

decoit

Baptist, 29 Aug.

decalitre 10

side in

the angular distance from the celestial equator, abbr. dec.; (US) a formal

Deco, deco

1793-1805

Decan

-eable

(astr.)

refusal

meaning

prefix

decade for a

f.

declination

deducible able deductible able

to

be inferred, not -eable

to be subtracted, not -able

de-emphasize (hyphen)

deemster

83

Della Cruscan {

deemster

a judge in the Isle of

Man,

not

demp-

in actual fact (not

(Lat.)

dent of

essay by

—

—

no bills, de d’entrer no admit-

(Fr.)

stick

-cive; -ibie not -ceable, -sable

defensor fidei abbr. DF

(Lat.)

fide (Lat.) authentic, to be believed as part of the (Christian) faith

reverse

economic

Defoe, Daniel (1661-1731) English

writer, not

def.

degag/e f. -ee easy, unconstrained (not ital.) Degas, Hilaire (Germain Edgar) (1834-1917) French painter (no accent) Gaulle,

de for neut-

designer and manufacturer myth.) the wife of Hercules; also

an asteroid de-ic/e, -er (hyphens)

deictic (philoL, gram.) ing, demonstrative

Ramee, Marie Louise

la

De

poet,

critic

(1839-1908) Eng-

Ouida

Roche, Mazo (1885-1961) Canadian nov-

ia

elist

Delaroche, Paui (1797-1856) French painter

de La Tour see La Tour Delaware off. abbr. Del., postal DE De La Warr, Earl (three caps.) dele

(typ.)

deleatur delegate

delete

(Lat.) let it

be deleted

abbr. del.

delenda (Lat.) things to be deleted -ware glazed earthenware made

at

Delft (formerly Delf) in Holland

Delibes, Leo (1836-91) French composer delicatesse delicacy (not ital.), in Fr. f. delicatesse delicatessen a shop or department selling prepared foods Delilah (OT) but Dalila in Milton’s Samson Agonistes

delineable that can be delineated delineavit (Lat.) drew this; abbr. del. delirium/ a disordered state of mind, with hallucinations, pi. -s; tremens delirium with trembling induced by heavy drinking, abbr.

—

(a

word that

is)

point-

d.t., d.t.s

by the grace of God, abbr. DG; judicium the judgement of God; see also Deo (Lat.)

God

(‘de

Eugene

delft/,

degradable not -eable degree/ abbr. deg., symbol °, set close up to the scale (10 °C) or, where none, figure (35°) degringolade (Fr. f.) rapid deterioration de/ haut en bas (Fr.) contemptuously, — haute lutte with a high hand de Havilland, Sir Geoffrey (1882-1965) Eng-

Deity, the the one

and

lish novelist, pseud.

inflation

de Foe

degauss/, -ing a device or method ralizing magnetism

proper name) one cap.

de La Fontaine see La Fontaine de la Mare, Walter (1873-1956) English de

-ite, -ition; abbr. def.

defle/ct bend away, -ction this act or process

—

(as prefix to

La Condamine’), two if starting a sentence; de is dropped in the absence of a forename: alphabetized under La (‘La Fontaine, Jean de’). When Anglicized, the prefix may deviate from

novelist,

definable not-eable

see

abbr.)

Delacroix, Ferdinand Victor (1799-1863) French painter

de

de Gaulle, Charles

(off.

follow established convention or the bearer’s preference; cf. de; du

(shares) abbr. def.

air,

Del. Delaware

this practice (‘de la Mare’, ‘De La Warr’);

Defender of the Faith,

defer/, -ence, -rable, -red, -rer, -ring

Dei/ gratia

US

1904) Dutch-born

del. delineavit (drew this)

defens/ive not

(Gr.

(b.

del (math.) the symbol V

de La

tance

Dei'aneira

1936) Presi-

B. Shelley,

P.

abbr. def.

defense/ d’afficher fumer no smoking,

lish aircraft

(b.

Africa 1989-94

del. delegate, delete

1821

defunct abbr. deg. degree(s)

S.

The Defence ofPoesie

title

Defence of Poetry an

deflate remove

in legal

painter

1579-80: original

defin/ed,

ital.

(c.1570-1640) English play-

de Kooning, Willem

defence not -se (US), but defensive, defensible Defence of Poetry, A an essay by P. Sidney,

deferred

Thomas

de Klerk, F(rederik) W(illem)

ital.)

not -er

defendant

by right (often not

wright

defecat/e, -or not defae-

defector

(Lat.)

Dekker,

def. defective, defendant, deferred (shares), defined, definite, definition, defunct

de facto

de jure

contexts)

de-escalat/e, -tion (hyphens)

(cap.)

deja vu seen before (not

ital.)

—

dejeuner/ (Fr. m.) breakfast or lunch; petit coffee and rolls on rising; a la fourchette meat breakfast, early lunch

—

De

L’Isle,

Viscount

deiiverer not

-or

Della Cruscan (noun and adj.) (a member) of the Florentine Accademia della Crusca, concerned with the purity of the Italian language, 16th c.; or of an English poetical group in Florence, late 18th c.

denouement

Della Robbia

84

|

Della Robbia an enamelled terracotta invented by Luca della Robbia; see also Robbia Delph/i Greece, the site of an ancient oracle, in Gr. Delphoi; -ic, not -ian delta/ the fourth letter of the Gr. alphabet (d, wing (two words) rays, rhythm, S);

—

—

—

deltiology the collecting and study of postcards

de luxe word

dem

luxurious (not

ital.,

two words, one

(Ger.) to the, for

the (m. and n.

sing., dative)

ital.)

etc.

also called (esp. US)

f.

demi-tasse word)

demonstration,

pi. -s

(no point)

demobilize discharge from the army, colloq.

— 4to

in.;

not

-ise;

demob

17^ x 8vo 8^ x 5^ in. 11^ x 8^ in.; 564 basis for size of metric

—

—

(Ger.)

the (m. sing., accusative), to the

Den. Denmark denar use din(Lat.) an ancient Roman silver coin, often translated as a penny; pi. -ii; abbr. d.

denar/ius (ital.)

dene

wooded

a

-ise

valley, not

statesman, Vice-Premier 1973-6 and 197780, Vice-Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party 1977-80; even after retirement in 1989 was effective leader of China until death; in Wade-Giles Teng Hsiao-P’ing

social equality, adj. -ic

deniable

democratize Democrit/us

US

political party; abbr. D.;

c.

bc)

Greek philosopher,

adj.

-ean

demod/e

weight;

denim (Fr.) f.

see

deny

denier a unit of silk, rayon, or nylon yarn

not -ise

(5th

dean

D.Eng. Doctor of Engineering

Denholm Borders Denholme W. Yorks,

cap. for

(pi.,

dative)

lower case for a believer in a government of

Democrat/

on second

former size of paper,

dengue not — fever, denga, -gey Deng Xiaoping (1904-97) Chinese Communist

thirty-second note

-ic (one

College, Oxford;

(pron. ‘de-meye’, with stress

denationalize not

-ize

(of

(colloq.)

demy/

den

cham.pagne or other wines) moderately sweetened (hyphen)

demo/

Magdalen

mm

-pension accommodation with one main meal per day; -saison spring or autumn fabric (ital., hyphens)

demiurg/e,

deem-

(untrimmed); X 444

considered to be of doubtful social standing and morality, esp. those in 19th-c. France;

Fr.

(cf.

(law) -age, -er

a scholar at

-ise

a small coffee cup, in

use

demurr/able

22^

death, bequeath; not

ital.)

colloquial

cap.);

syllable) (typ.)

demij-mondaine (Fr. f.) a woman of the demi-monde', -monde a class of women

demitasse

(Lat.)

pi. -ies

not -ain

demisemiquaver

bene

language used in such texts (cf. hieratic); the normal spoken form of modern Greek katharevousa)

dem/y another

demi/god, -goddess, -John (one word)

demi-sec

or

form of a lanthe later form of Ancient Egyptian cursive writing, or the form of the

guage (not

dementi (Fr. m.) official denial of a rumour dementia mental enfeeblement (not ital.)

demise

bonum

the people (not

dempster

political step or initiative (not

demilitarize not

nii nisi

demotic the popular

modern Greek mayor

demean to lower in dignity demeanour bearing towards

demesne

de mortuis

demos (US); -y, -uery, -ic

the chief officer of an ancient Attic

a

— William Frend (1839-1917)

speak nothing but good of the dead

dem/ain use -esne de mal en pis (Fr.) from bad to worse demarcate mark the limits of, not -kate deme,

-ize not dae demonstrable not -atable demonstrator not -er demoralize not -ise De Morgan,/ Augustus (1806-71) English

demon/ic,

his son, English novelist

Dem. (US) Democrat dem. (typ.) demy demagog/ue not -gog

demarche

as currency, not

-ise

mathematician;

in US)

demarch

demon, demonstrative demonetize divest of value

-ee out of fashion

demoiselle a young lady (not ital.) Demoivre, Abraham (1667-1754) French mathematician (one word) demon an evil spirit or devil, or a cruel or destructive person; see also daemon; daimon

(hist.)

one-twelfth of a French sou

a twilled cotton fabric

Denmark

abbr. Den.

de nos jours

(Fr.)

of our time (placed after the

noun)

denouement

a final unravelling, as of a plot or complicated situation not the climax of a story etc. (no accent, not ital.)

denounce

85

denounce give notice to de nouveau (Fr.) afresh de novo (Lat.) afresh dent, dent/al,

dentelle

-ist,

terminate

(treaty)

-istry

de proprio motu

a hard, dense,

bony

a drink taken at parting,

(Sc.)

a stirrup cup; not the

h)q)hens, not

in

Ir.

many

variants (no in Gaelic deoch an doruis,

ital.);

deoch an dorais

deodand

personal chattel that has caused death, forfeited to the Crown for religious or charitable use

Indian cedar

E.

deodoriz/e not

Deo/ favente

-ise,

depute

-er

—

(Lat.)

—

dep. departs, deposed, deputy

departement (Fr. m.) shire, county; department abbr. dept., not dep’t

Department

Employment Department

DFEE

the (m. sing., nominative) of or to or sing., genitive and dative, or m., f, and neut. pL, genitive) (Ger.)

for the

der. deriv/ation,

derisive, scoffing

the true skin, also derm/a,

—

(no points)

—

-ee out of one’s habitual sur-

who

relies

Jacques

Derrid/a,

— Health abbr. DoH (no

(noun) a person

(b.

another, esp. for financial support; not -ent

dependen/t, -ce, -cy depending, conditional, or subordinate; or unable to do without (esp. a drug)

1930) French philo-

derriere the buttocks (not derriere

deposed

worse

(not cap.)

der Tag

abbr. dep.

whom

something

is

depositor

its

representation

not -er

depository a storehouse Fr.

depressible

m. depot not -able

Depression, the Great the depression of 1929-34

(Ger.)

(Fr.)

of the

(caps.)

the (great) day

des des

(Fr.)

(pL); as prefix to a

proper name,

de

since

(Ger.)

of the (m. and neut.

Descartes/,

deposition the act or an instance of deposing or (law) testimony under oath; cap. for the taking down of the body of Christ from the Cross, or

Londonderry

a fuel oil for diesel-engined road-vehicles

treat as

to

abbr. of

or county)

(not cap.)

entrusted

in

(city

des

-ise

depositary a person

ital.)

m.) the buttocks, behind (prep.)

(Fr.

derring-do daring action, not -doe

derv

depolarize not

—

sopher, -ean

Derry postally acceptable

to

-is

latest,

derringer a small large-bore pistol (three rs), invented by Henry Deringer [sic] (1786-1868)

on

(US)

de pis en pis (Fr.) from bad de piano (law) clearly

or custom

ital.)

dernier/ (Fr.) last, cri the very ressort a last resource

roundings

depot

-ative, -ed

de regie (Fr.) in order, proper de rigueur according to etiquette

derm

—

dependant

(f.

deriv/ation, -ative, -ed abbr. der.

the Environment abbr. DoE (no points); Social Security abbr. DSS; Trade and Industry abbr. DTI (Fr.) f.

(1785-1859) English

abbr. dep.

points);

depays/e

DL

abbr.

essayist, -an

not -ise

abbr.

of/

lower French Chamber

not -ise

derisory

Education and

for

own

derisible laughable, not -able

departement, depute (deputy)

departmentalize

member of the

De Quincey/, Thomas

(not (Fr.)

of his, or her,

derby (US) = bowler (hat) Derbyshire abbr. Derby.

with God’s favour; gratias (we give) thanks to God; volente God willing, abbr. DV; see also Dei

dep.

a

deputy abbr. dep. Deputy Lieutenant

der

(law, hist.) a

deodar an

(Lat.)

dept, department

deputize

-iai, -ier

deoch an doris

first

tissue in teeth; not

-tin (US)

den/y, -iable,

out of the depths; the

accord

dentil one of the toothlike blocks under the bed-moulding of a cornice; not -el, -ile

dentine

(Lat.)

words of Psalm 130, used as the title of the mass for the dead (one cap.); De Profundis a prose apologia by Wilde, 1905 (two caps.)

lacework

(Fr. f.)

De profundis

desert |

sing., genitive)

Rene

(1596-1650) French mathematician and philosopher, adj. Cartesian, possessive ’s

—

descend/ant (noun) cended, -ent

descender as g,

j,

(adj.)

(t}q).)

p, q, y,

a person or thing desdescending

the lower part of letters such

which extends below the

descendible that may descend or be

line

des-

cended, not -able

desert sert

a wilderness, to abandon; see also des-

Devon

deserted

86

|

desert/ed, -er abbr.

deshabille

Deusj

d.

m.) a state of being only partly

(Fr.

or carelessly clothed, undressed: not habille; see also dishabille

desiccate

desired, pi. -a (not

-s,

not

es Lettres

la.

Deuteronomy

vile, (morally)

a city

-es (not

pi.

contemptible;

ital.)

-ly

and

river.

111.

an overlord, e.g. ‘Despot of Morea’; cap. in such hist, contexts only

rulers subject to

act like a despot, not -ise

des Prez see Josquin des Prez des res a desirable residence (no D. es S. (Fr.) Docteur es Sciences, D.

es Sc. Pol.

(Fr.)

dessicate destra/

points) also D.

Docteur es Sciences

pi. -s

es Sc.

Pol-

(one word)

(mus.) the right hand, abbr.

— mano

d.:

DM not -er

as a geopoliti-

de Valera, Eamon

(1882-1975) US-born Prime Minister of Ireland 1932-48, 1951-4, 1957-9; President 1959-73

Devanagari the alphabet used for Indian languages; more properly transcribed as Devandevelop/, -able, -ment not -pe see

divest

detector (person or thing)

not -er

(Lat.)

of thee

is

the story

told

a catch (mechanical)

detente easing of strained

-er

devil not cap. unless referring to Satan

relations

devilled not -viled (US)

devilry not

(1848-1912) French painter (no accent)

de te tabula narratur

Germany

devilling working as a hack, not -iling (US)

Jean Baptiste Edouard

states (not

(Ger.)

deviling a young devil

a state of disuse

desunt/ cetera (Lat.) multa many things are wanting

detent

period)

deviat/e, -or not

the rest are missing, —

Detaille,

Deutschmark or D-Mark; abbr. DM (no point), up to following (also preceding) flgure; see also mark; Ostmark Deutsches Reich (Ger.) the official name of Germany 1871-1945 (including the Weimar

devest

-able

destructor a refuse-burning furnace,

desuetude

chief monetary unit of Germany: usually written and spoken in Eng.

agarf, also called Nagar!.

right-hand side, abbr.

destructible not

Deutsche Mark

and the shorthand term for the political entity (formally Bundesrepublik Deutschland)

desicc-

use

(It.)

— Otto

cal entity,

a dinner course: see also desert

dessertspoonful/

(OT) abbr. Deut.

Deutsch,/ Andre, Ltd publishers:

Deutschland

itiques

dessert

author of

set close

in Byzantine times used for territorial

despotize

later

Erich (1883-1967) compiler of a thematic catalogue of Schubert’s works, see D.

not dis-, -ize

Des Plaines

be merciful

Deutero-lsaiah the supposed Isaiah 40-55

-men

despatch use disdesperado/ a desperate man,

despot

Deus misereatur God

—

state

despise

— avertat! God for-

heavy water

desorb, desorption release from adsorbed

despicab/le

D.;

deuteragonist the person second in importance to the protagonist in a drama deuterium/ symbol D (no point), oxide

desirable not -eable

desman/ pi. Des Moines

God, abbr.

or event that saves a seemingly hopeless situation, esp. in a play or novel (not ital.)

ital.)

desktop (one word) D. es L. (Fr.) Docteur

(Lat.)

— det God grant

deus ex machine an unexpected power

des-

to dry, not dessicate

desiderat/um something

bid;

between

-try

advocate an

official at papal court appointed to challenge proposed canonization (officially the Promotor Fidei); a person who opposes a proposition to test it

devil’s

Devil’s Island a penal settlement, French Guiana; in Fr. lie du Diable

Devils/ Playground,

ital.)

— Postpile

Calif, (no

apos.)

detenu!

-e

(Fr.) f.

one detained in custody Devils

deterrent not

detestable

-ant

not -ible

a circuitous way, in Fr.

detract/or

f.

m. detour

-ress

detritus debris (not

-ize,

-er

(no apos.)

one who devises

devis/ee one who is bequeathed -or one who bequeaths it

detonat/e, -or

detour

Tower Wyo.

devis/e not

devitalize render

devoir an act of ital.)

de trop not wanted, superfluous

(not

ital.)

(non-legal)

real estate,

lifeless, not -ise

civility (not ital.)

Devon/ the official name of the county; of — but Duke of Devonshire

Earl

,

Devonian

87

Devonian of or ing

relating to Devon; (of or relatthe fourth period of the Palaeozoic

to)

era

De

abbr.

Hugo

Vries,

DEW

Devon.

Warning

use Diwali

the prime minister or finance minister of an Indian state

dewar a vacuum flask (not cap.) De Wet, Christian Rudolph (1854-1922)

Boer

Dewey/, George (1837-1917) US admiral: — John (1859-1952) US philosopher; — Melvil (1851-1931) US librarian, inventor of the — ,

a library classification

—

US

,

politician

Jan

(1625-72) Dutch statesman

(her.)

the shield-bearer’s right, the opp. of sinister

Witt,

dexter/

observer’s

separately, as in ‘naive’; not die-

pi.

-es

dial/, -led, -ling

dialect/, -al, -ic, -ical abbr. dial,

dialectic/

pi. -s

(usually treated as sing.);

Dean

of Faculty; direction-find/er, -ing

(rhet.) a figure of speech in which various arguments are brought to bear on one point; (mineralogy) a brown, grey, or green mineral similar to augite

diallage

code,

— tone

not dial tone (US) (two

diaiogue conversation in drama, novels, etc., not necessarily between two persons only: not -log (US)

DFC Distinguished Flying Cross DFEE Department for Education and

dialyse (chem.) separate by Employ-

ment

a

membrane:

dialys/is

Distinguished Flying Medal

pi.

filtration

-es

dft. draft

DG

diarchy rule by two authorities

Dei gratia (by the grace of God), Deo gratias

(thanks to God), Director General, Dragoon

Guards

diaspora is

to say) (space in Ger.

abbr.)

viour; the Buddhist truth;

Hindu

among

India

not -hea (US)

a dispersal, (cap.) that of the Jews the Gentiles mainly in the 8th-6th cc.

diatessaron (mus.) Greek and medieval name for the perfect fourth, hence metaphorically a

harmony of the four Gospels

-ee,

-es

dic/ey

dhow

a lateen-rigged ship used on the Arabian sea (accepted misspelling of dow), not daou,

etc.,

daw

two

Department of Health and

Social

Security

Dhuleep

use

use

classes, parts,

mean dilemma

or ambivalence; -ize divide into

parts, not -ise

Dichter/ (Ger. m.) an author, esp. one of superior merit (suggesting, but not confined to, a f.

-in; cf.

Schriftsteller;

Dickens/, Charles (1812-70) English fabric, not durrie

Dl Defence Intelligence (Ger.) das ist (that is) (space in Ger. abbr.)

dia. diameter

two

Ver

fasser

durra

dhurrie an Indian cotton

a division into

a sharp or paradoxical contrast: does not

writer of verse),

Du-

Gol-

risky, not -cy; -ier, -iest

dichotom/y

-ootie

(hist.)

(not cap.)

diathes/is (med.) a constitutional prepi.

dhoti a loincloth worn by male Hindus; not

i.

(esp. in

Die Diploma of Membership of Imperial lege, London

dhobi an Indian washerman dhooly use doolie

d.

diam.

disposition to a certain (esp. diseased) state,

social or

moral law

dhurra

ital.)

abbr. dia.,

BC

Dhaka Bangladesh dhal (a dish made with) a kind of split pulse, a common foodstuff in India; not dal dharma (Ind.) social custom, the right beha-

DHSS

(not

1921-37), not dy-

diarrhoea

decigram(s) (no point)

through

not -ize, -yze (US)

diamante diameter

d. h. (Ger.) das heift (that

-al,

words)

-erous; -ly

Defensor Fidei (Defender of the Faith),

DFM

nounced

Diaghilev, Sergei (Pavlovich) (1872-1929) Russian ballet impresario

dialling/

left,

dextrous/ not

of deacon, not de-

-ian

using three-figure numbers to cover the major Thomas Edmund branches of knowledge; (1902-71)

office

diaeresis (typ.) a sign (' over the second of two vowels, showing that it is to be pro-

diagnos/is

general and statesman

decimal system,

-ry (not ital.)

a plaster: not -um, -culum

)

dewan

DF

diachylon

diacritic a sign (e.g. accent, diaeresis, cedilla) used to indicate different sounds or values of a letter

(1848-1935) Dutch botanist

Distant Early

Dewalee

De

diablerie devilry, not

diaconate the

Devonshire

dg

dickey |

novelist,

-ian

Dickens House London, headquarters of the Dickens Fellowship (no apos.)

dickey

use -ky

diminuendo

Dicksee

88

|

Dicksee, Sir Frank (1853-1928), English painter,

dicky

diffuser not -or

FPRA 1924-8

digamma

a rear seat (usually a folding t)^e), a false

shirt-front, a

small bird; not -ey

the sixth letter

(f, p)

of the early

Greek alphabet; original name wau

diet, dictator, dictionary

Digest, the the compendium of Roman law compiled in the reign of Justinian (6th c. ad)

Dictaphone

digester a person or instrument, not

(propr.)

dictionnaire

(Fr.

m., two ns) dictionary

dict/um

a saying, pi. -a

dicy

-cey

use

didactyl two-fingered, not

-or

digestible not -able digital/ something giving a reading by means of displayed digits; (comput.) operating on data

represented as a series of binary digits or in similar discrete form, see also analog; audio tape a magnetic tape on which sound is recorded digitally, abbr. DAT

—

-le

didgeridoo an Australian Aboriginal musical wind instrument of long tubular shape, not -jeridoo

didicoi

(si.)

a gypsy,

an itinerant

digitiz/ation (comput.) electronic reduction of characters, by scanning, to a series of digital signals; -ed font font so prepared stored electronically in photosetter (also called ECM)

tinker; not

didakai, diddicoy

Didot (typ.) a European system for type measurement; 12 pt. Didot = 4.512 mm;

see also

body; cicero

didrachm

a coin

worth two drachmas

digniora sint priora precede

didst (no apos.)

die (Ger.) the (f. sing., and m., nominative and accusative)

diecious

f.,

and neut.

pi.,

dagger

d.; see also

diehard (one word)

things worthier

dignitary not -atory

use dy- in all senses (except in US for the sense of a long wall, embankment, etc.)

dike

dieresis use diae-

dies

(Lat.) let

Dijck, Christoffel Van (1601-71669) type founder; his work (now largely lost) served as the model for Caslon and for the Monotype ‘Van Dijck’ (1935)

use dioe-

died abbr.

diglot (a book containing text) using two languages, not -lott

(Lat.) day(s)

diesel a compression-ignition engine

—

infausti dies/ fausti (Lat.) auspicious days, inauspicious days, irae day of wrath (cap. D as Latin hymn sung in a mass for the dead)

—

dies/is (mus.) variously used for ‘quartertone’ and sharp sign, (typ.) a rare name for the double dagger (^); pi. -es

dies/ juridicus (Lat.) a day on which courts sit; nefasti blank days (properly days on which the Roman praetor did not hear lawsuits, non popularly (in Rome) unlucky days); (law) a day on which no business is done, or that does not count for legal purposes

—

—

die-stamping

(typ.)

an intaglio process leaving

a raised impression

-ence

dilapidat/e, -ed, -ion not de-

dilatable not -eable dilat/ation widening or expansion, not dilation; -or, -ator

dilemma/

a position involving a choice lines of argu-

between two unsatisfactory

ment

or action, not simply a ‘problem’; pi. -s

my

right (English

abbr. diff.

difference (Fr. m.) a term coined by philosopher Jacques Derrida to combine two senses of the French verb differer (to differ, and to defer or postpone) in a noun, to indicate simultaneously two senses in which language denies us the full presence or identity of any

meaning differenti/a a distinguishing mark, esp. between species within a genus; pi. -ae

synonym

for

dilettant/e (It.) a lover of the fine arts, an amateur dabbler in the fine arts; pi. -es or -i

‘Die Wacht am Rhein’ (Ger.) the Watch on the Rhine, a famous German patriotic song differ/,

dil. dilute

(not

ital.)

Dilhorne, Viscount family

dietitian not -cian

‘Dieu et mon droit’ God and royal motto)

diktat a categorical statement (not ital.); but Diktat (Ger. n.) the German view of the Treaty of Versailles, 1919 (cap., ital.)

name

Manningham-Buller diligence

(hist.)

France (not Dillon,

a public stagecoach, esp. in

ital.)

.

Viscount

diluvi/um

(geol.)

an aqueous deposit,

pi. -a; -al

of a flood, esp. of the Flood in Genesis or the Glacial Drift formation in geology (not ital.)

dim. dimidium (one

half),

diminutive

dim. diminuendo

DiMaggio, Joe (1914-99) US baseball player dime (US) ten cents, abbr. d. diminuendo (It. mus.) getting softer, abbr. dim.

dim sum

89

discomfit |

dim sum

diptych not

DIN (Deutsche Industrie-Norm)

Dirac constant (math.) Planck constant divided by 2tt, pron. ‘h bar’; symbol h

a meal or course of savoury Chinese-style snacks, not dim sim (hist.)

a series

of technical standards used internationally, esp. to designate electrical connections, film speeds, and paper sizes; now ISO (International Standards Organization)

Dinan dep. C6tes-du-Nord, France Dinant Belgium dinar

dinar)-, a unit of currency in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Macedonia, and various Middle East and N. African countries; not de-

Dinard dep. C6tes-du-Nord, France

dingo/ an Australian native dog,

-es

abbr.

dirham the

principal monetary unit of Morocco and the United Arab Emirates

Dirichlet series (math.)

dirt

track (two words, hyphen when

(typ.)

pi.

(two words)

distribute

dis aiiter visum otherwise

DJ

(Lat.)

the gods (have) thought

disappoint (one

dioecious

disassemble semble

take

disassociate

use disso-

(bot.) not die-

Diogenes (412-323 bc) Cynic philosopher Diogenes Laertius (c. ad 200) biographer of philosophers

Dionysia

Homo

sapiens

noun) the orgiastic and dramatic of Dionysus

(pi.

festival(s)

Dionysi/ac of Dionysus, -an of Dionysius

Dionysius (430-367

bc)

and

his

son

(fl.

Dionysus the Greek god of living growth, wine, lens’s refractive power, abbr.

d.; not -ter (US)

(Gr.

myth.) Castor and Pollux

of dual in-line package)

—

— —

discern/ to

-er;

discount

see; -ibie; see also

decern

discerption

diphtheria not dipth-

instance of) a pulling

disciplinary not -ery

disciple-like

pi. -s

discobol/us a discus thrower,

not -ulus; pi.

(not cap.); the ‘Discobolus’ (cap.)

diplomaed not -a’d, but prefer ‘with a diploma’ diplomat not now -matist, abbr. dipl. diplomate (esp. US) one holding a diploma, Diplomatic Lectureship

(arch.) (an

apart, severance; a severed piece

disco/

Dip. H.E. Diploma of Higher Education

dipl6m/e in, not

-c not d3^p-

f.

divis-

disc jockey abbr. DJ

Dip. Ed. Diploma in Education

-ee

Diplomatics

a

flat thin circular object, a mark of this shape, a layer of cartilage between vertebrae, a gramophone record; compact and optical brakes; see also disk ,

discipular

Dip. A.D. Diploma in Art and Design

esp. in medicine; in Fr.

dis-

discipline abbr. dis.

Dip. Diploma

dipsomania/,

cf.

ible; -ibility

—

(abbr.

ps)

machine) apart;

discerpt/ible able to be plucked apart,

DIP/ (comput.) a form of integrated circuit, switch an arrangement of switches on an electronic device for selecting an operating

mode

(a

disbound (of a pamphlet etc.) removed from bound volume disburden not -then disbursement not -sment

disc, discover/ed,

and ecstasy

Dioscuri, the

two

s,

disc/ a

350 bc)

tyrants of Syracuse

dioptre a unit of a

attrib.)

disaffirm (law) reverse (a previous decision); repudiate (a settlement)

dinghy

a binomial, as

full skirt

dis. discipline; discontinu/e, -ed; discount,

dioces/e, -an abbr. dioc.

dionym

State, -iste

ital.)

dirndl an Alpine peasant bodice and

in itself

dinner jacket

but prefer

directr/ix (geom.) a fixed line used in describing a curve or surface, pi. -ices

(not

Ding an sich (Ger. philos. n.) thing ding-dong (hyphen) dinghy a small boat; not -gey, -gy see also

-ice,

dirig/isme economic control by the

Dinesen, Isak pseud, of Baroness Karen Blixen (1885-1962) Danish writer

— room, — table

(cap.)

directress female director; not

dirigible capable of being guided; a dirigible balloon or airship

d’Indy, Paul Marie Theodore Vincent (1851-1931) French composer

dining/ car,

Directoire the French Directory of 1795-9; (adj.) of the dress or furniture of the period

director

a Byzantine gold coin (denarius, in Arab.

dingy grimy;

-tich

-i

the lost statue by Myron, of which discoboli are copies is

discoloration not discolourdiscolour/, -ed, -ment not discolor (US)

discombobulate

(US) disturb, disconcert

discomfit/, -ed, -ing disconcert, thwart; -ure

discomfort

Dives

90

|

discomfort lack of ease,

disconnection

discontinu/e, -ed abbr.

discotheque

make uneasy

to

(not

ital.,

in US)

—

—

(US)

= Columbus Day

(cap.)

dissertation abbr. diss.

dissociate

to separate, not disasso-

dissoluble able

to be disintegrated, loosened, or disconnected; not -uable

dissolvable not

discover/ed, -er abbr. disc.

Discovery Day

rise to dis-

Dissenter from Church of England

dis.

no accent

rate (US) the minimum dis., lending rate, store a shop that sells goods at less than the normal retail price

discount/ abbr.

dissension disagreement giving cord, not -tion

not -xion

-ible

dissyllable use disy-

discreet

tactful, judicious

dissymmetry

discrete

distinct, separate

dist. distance, distilled; distinguish, -ed; dis-

discus/

disect

trict

-uses

pi.

distension not

use diss-

disenfranchise

or disfranchise not -ize (US), -inthral(l); -led,

-ment (mil.) get off a train

diseu/r

m.)

f.

distinguish/, -ed abbr. dist.

-se artist entertaining with

monologues

distributor one

dishevel/led with hair or dress in disorder, not -eled (US); -ling not -eling (US)

dishonour/, -able not

membra

membra (US) = disc;

—

cf.

uninterested

scattered remains, but

(Lat.)

poetae’ (Horace)

‘disiecti

hard

ital.)

(comput.)

magnetic

—

— drive, floppy

or that which distributes

federal

—

Attorney (US) abbr. DA; Court of Columbia the seat of the US government, covering the same area

—

abbr. DC;

as the city of Washington, abbr.

DC;

— Regis-

DR

try abbr.

-ette; see also disc

who

district abbr. dist. District/

-orable (US)

-or,

disinterested impartial;

—

absent-minded (not

-e

f.

distributary one of the streams of a river delta

dishabille Eng. form of deshabille

disk/

distrait/

distraught extremely agitated or distracted

disguis/e, -er

disjecta

having a distinguished

-ee,

(Fr.) f.

air

disentrain (Fr.

pi. -s

abbr. dist.

distingu/e

dethrone

use

-tion

distich/ a pair of verse lines, a couplet;

distil/ not distill (US) but -lation, -led, -ling;

disenthral/ not -enthrall

disenthrone

not disy-

disulphide

not -sulfide (US)

diskette (comput.) a floppy disk

disyllab/le, -ic, -ize of two syllables, not in Fr. m. dissyllabe

dismissible not

disymmetry

,

,

;

-able

Disneyland Anaheim,

ditj

Calif.

Disney World Orlando,

(Fr.

m)

use diss-

used after a name better-known pseudonym etc., f.

ditty; (verb) called,

to indicate a

Fla.

diss-;

-e

disorganiz/e, -er not

-ise

disorient/ed, -ing prefer -ing; see also orientate

ditheism to

disorientat/ed,

belief in

dithyramb

two gods, not dy-

hymn

a wild

of Bacchic revellers,

not dythi-

dispatch/,

-er, -ing not des-

dispensable dispensary

ditto/ abbr. do., often represented by „ under the word or sum to be repeated; -graphy (an

not -ible

example

abbr. disp.

of a

Dispersion, the the Diaspora display/ (typ.) the setting and leading of titles, advertisements, etc., or a direction to set in type of a size or cut suited to this style;

—

this

div. divide, -d; dividend, divine, division, divisor, divorce,

(Fr.)

divers (diverse)

dive-bomber (hyphen) divers sundry

Benjamin

(1804-81) Earl of BeacIsaac (1766-1848) writer, father of onsfleld; the foregoing, originally spelt his surname

Disraeli,/

mistaken repetition word, or phrase

of) a copyist’s

letter,

—

d’Israeli

diverticul/um a byway,

esp. of the intestines;

pi. -a

light and entertaining composition, often in the form of a suite for

divertiment/o (mus.) a

dissect/, -ion, -or not dise-

disseis/e dispossess wrongfully, not -in, -or, -oress

dissemble conceal tions); cf.

diverse different

(one’s

thoughts or inten-

disassemble

disseminat/e

-ze; -ee,

scatter abroad, -or

chamber

orchestra;

divertissement a

pi.

-i,

not -os

diversion,

an enter-

tainment; a short ballet

Dives

a rich

of Luke 16

man, from the Vulgate translation n

doggie

divest

91

I

divest not de- (except in law, as

devest out of)

divi use divvy

divid/e, -ed, -end abbr. div.; sign for divide

=

divided highway (US) divide et impera

(Lat.)

^

dual carriageway

divide and rule

Divina Commediaj ia by Dante, 1300-18; not a

Come-

diving/ bell,

— board, — suit

Divis (Ger. typ.

(two words)

(noun)

do.

ditto,

pi.

dos, not do’s

doh in the the same

(mus.) use

DOA

dead on

doat

use

arrival

dote

Dobbs Ferry NY (no apos.) Dobermann pinscher a German

Docent

divisible not -able

doch-an-doris

divisim

(Lat.)

docket/, -ed, -ing

division

mark

separately

-er;

abbr. div.

divorc/e (Fr.) f -ee a divorced person: Eng. divorcee is common gender

divvy not

breed of

hound, not -man (US)

divisi (mus.) in several parts

divisor (math.) a factor, not

tonic sol-fa system

doc. document(s)

the hyphen

n.)

do do

divi

(Ger. m.) a university teacher,

use

docklands (not cap.) dockyard (one word) Docteur es/ Lettres abbr.

DesL;

abbr.

DesS

or

now

Doz-

deoch an doris but

(Fr.

Docklands

E.

London

m.) Doctor of Letters,

Sciences Doctor of Science, Sciences PolDesSc;

itiques Doctor of Political Science, abbr.

Diwali a Hindu

festival with illuminations, held between September and November; not

Dewalee dixi (Lat.) speech)

1

have spoken (marking the end of a

states it

yourself

DJ dinner jacket,

Djakarta Indonesia,

use

—

Jak-

ence also jel

djib/ba, -bah use Jibba

Djibouti not Jibuti

London, where marriage were formerly issued by the Bishop of London’s Registry (apos.) licences

political

ital.)

Deputy-Lieutenant

docudrama

D.Lit. Doctor of Literature, D.Litt. Doctor of Letters; see also Lit.D.; Litt.D.

Deputy Master,

(It.

mus.) destra mano (the

Mark

on

a dramatized television film based

real events (one

document/, -ation

documentary

(mus.) double long metre

right hand), Deutsche

(Ger. currency).

Doctor of Medicine (Oxford), (Fr.) Docteur en Medecine (Doctor of Medicine)

dm

DVS

Commons

extremist: theoretical and unpractical (not

dl decilitre(s) (no point)

DM

Surgery

or

Doctors’

doctrinaire an unpractical theorist or

djinn use jinnee

DLM

—

—

disc jockey

djellaba a hooded woollen Arab cloak; laba

DL

D. but ‘Dr’ before name (although not in combination with any of the following after the name); Doctor off/ Canon Law or Civil Law DCL; Dental Surgery DDS; Laws LLD; Letters Divinity DD; Literature Lit.D.; D.Litt., Lit(t).D.; Medicine MD, DM; Music D.Mus., Mus.D.; Philosophy Ph.D., D.Phil.; Science D.Sc., Sc.D.; Veterinary Sci-

—

US Southern

Dixie/ or -land (one word) the

DIY do

DesScPol Doctor abbr.

decimetre(s) (no point)

D-Mark

see Deutsche Mark D.Mus. Doctor of Music

DOD

(noun) a factual report or film

Department of Defense

(US)

dodecaphonic

dodgem

word)

abbr. doc.

(mus.) of the twelve-note scale

a funfair car

dodo/ an extinct flightless bird, pi. -s DoE Department of the Environment

doek (S. Afr.) a cloth, esp. a head-cloth dogana (It. f custom house dogaressa the wife of a doge (not ital.) )

DMZ DN

(US) Demilitarized

Dominus

DNA DNB

Zone

noster (our Lord)

dogate the

deoxyribonucleic acid

dog/ cart,

Dictionary of National Biography

Dnieper River Belarus-Ukraine, Dnepr Dniester River Ukraine,

in Russ.

in Russ.

Dnestr

for reasons of security

DNS

(typ.)

do not

set

hottest period of the year

(two words)

doge

the chief magistrate of Venice (not

dog/ffight,

D-notice a government notice to news editors not to publish items on specified subjects,

office of doge, not -eate (not ital.)

— days -ffish

ital.)

(one word)

doggerel unpoetic verse, not -grel Doggett’s Coat and Badge trophies of Thames Watermen’s championship dogg/ie a pet name for a (little) dog, -y of or like a dog; see also

dogie

doghouse

Doppelpunkt

92

|

doghouse dogie

Dominica one of the Windward

(one word)

Indies, the eastern portion of the island of Hispaniola

a junior officer, a general

drudge

dog-star (h3^hen)

DoH Department doh

of Health

Dohnanyi/, Erno (1877-1960) Hungarian composer (double acute on first name, not umlaut), formerly known as Ernst von

—

doiiy a napkin: not

doyley,

-ey,

-ly,

d’oyley, -ie

Dolby (propr.) an electronic noise-reduction system used to reduce tape hiss in recording dolce (mus.) sweetly do/ce/ far niente (It.) delightful idleness, —

— noster our

don/

and

a Sp.

House of Lords;

(law) the

Dom. Proc.

abbr. DP,

S.

American

title

prefixed to a

forename, and in It. used with a priest’s Christian name and with certain noble families (cap. as part of name, except in Peru); (Port, f.) dona, (Sp. f.) dona, (It. f.) donna; abbr. D. (m.

and

see also

f.);

dom;

— a university

teacher, by convention reserved for a senior

of a college, esp. at Oxford or Cam-

bridge

-11

Dolgellau Gwynedd, not

Donegai

-ey

Dr John the hero of

dren’s books by

Hugh

a series of chil-

Lofting (1886-1947)

dollar mark S or $, to be before, and close up to, the figures, as $50. Various dollars should be differentiated as $A (Australian), SCAN (Canada),

DN Domus Procerum

member

vita sweet life

Dolittle,

dominie (Sc.) headmaster dominion abbr. dom. Dominion Day Canada, 1 July domino/ pi. -es Dominusi (Lat.) Lord, abbr. D.; Lord,

(mus.) not do

doleful not

W.

Dominican Republic W.

dog Latin barbarous Latin (two words) dogma/ authoritative doctrine, pi. -s dogmatize not -ise dogsbody (naut. si.)

Islands,

Indies

(US) a motherless or neglected calf

$HK (Hong

Kong),

$US

Ireland

Marquess

Donegail/y

Street

of;

— Square, —

Belfast

dong

the chief monetary unit of Vietnam dongie (comput.) a security attachment required by a computer to enable protected software to be used

Gaetano

(1797-1848) Italian com-

Dollfuss, Engelbert (1892-1934) Austrian politician. Chancellor 1932-4

Donizetti, poser

house not -s’ house, dollhouse (US) Dolly Varden a character in Dickens’s Bamaby

donjon the great tower or innermost keep of a castle; cf. dungeon

doll’s

Rudge, 1841; a type of woman’s large hat; a brightly spotted char of western N. America

dolman

a Turkish robe, a hussar’s jacket, a

a prehistoric megalithic

dolorous

DOM

God the

best

and

Dominus omnium magister (God the Master, or Lord, of all) (Ger. m.) cathedral; (Russ.)

house (not

cap.)

of nobility, (Brazilian) a title of respect, as for priests = don); f. dona, not dona (cap. as part of name), abbr. D. (m. and f.); also a title prefixed to the names of some Roman Catholic dignitaries and Benedictine and Carthusian monks, e.g. Dom Gasquet, Dom Perignon; see also don (Port.) a title

(ital.),

the

title

of such a lady

ital.)

Donne, John (1573-1631) English poet a basic fact, the subject or

(Fr. f.)

theme

etc.

Donj Quixote

doleful, but dolour not -or (US)

Deo optimo maximo (To

a lady

not

of story

tomb

greatest),

Dom dom

(It.)

(cap.,

donnee

woman’s mantle

dolmen

donna

a novel in

by Cervantes; in Sp.

two parts

(1605, 1615)

— Quijote (in full El

ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha,

alphabetized under

and

‘Q,’)

donut use doughdoohickey (US) a small

(esp.

mechanical)

object

(

dom. domestic, dominion domaine a vineyard Domenichino real name Domenico Zampieri (1581-1641) Italian painter

Domesday Book domestic domicile

abbr. not

not Dooms-; abbr.

DB

dom.

-cil

(Ind.) a litter,

-lie, -ly,

palanquin; not dhooley,

dooly

Doolittle,/ Eliza the heroine of Shaw’s Pygmalion,

— Hilda (1886-1961) US poet

Doomsday Book doorkeeper

doormouse Doornik

dop

dirige nos (Lat.) O Lord, direct us (motto of the City of London)

Domine

doolie

FI.

(Afrik.)

use

Domes-

not the

(one word) use dor-

for

Tournai

cheap brandy, a

Doppelgangerl

(Ger. m.)

tot

an apparition or

double of a living person, pi. same; f. -in, pi. -innen', in Eng. not cap., not ital., and takes an s for the plural

Doppelpunkt

(Ger. typ. m.) the

colon

Dopper

93

I

Dopper

(S. Afr.)

member

a

double/

of the Ge-

doppio (movimento) (It.) double (speed) Doppler effect (phys.) apparent change of frequency when source of vibrations is approaching or receding, from Christian Johann Doppler (1803-53) Austrian physicist; not -6-pey

use

Dore, Paul Gustave (1833-83) French painter and engraver Dori/an of or relating to the Dorians in ancient Greece, or to Doris in Cent. Greece; -c (of) the dialect of the Dorians, (of) a rustic accent, (archit.) (of) the oldest Greek order

dormeuse

(Fr.

a settee, nightcap, travelling

f.)

double/ concerto,

— cream

(h}q)hens)

(two words)

double-cross, (h3q)hen)

double dagger

(typ.) the reference mark formerly called a diesis (two words)

J,

dor/mouse

not door-, pi.

many up

(golf) as

-mice as there are holes to

Bucks., a country

house used

as

the official residence by any minister designated by the Prime Minister

doronicum

double obelus

(bot.)

leopard’s bane

(Afrik.) village,

country town

a double dagger

(typ.)

(J)

double/-stopping, -talk (hyphens)

doublethink (one word)

double-tonguing (mus.)

(Fr.

(hj^phen)

a Spanish gold coin

(hist.)

typ.

f.)

ornamental inner lining book cover

(usually of leather) to a

Thomas

doubting

play, not -ie

Dorneywood

a word or phrase of two meanings, one of them usually indecent (obs. Fr., now Anglicized (hyphen in US); the modern Fr. is double entente, un mot a)

doubloon doublure

sleeping carriage

dorp

double/-book, -breasted, -check

double entendre

Defence of the Realm Act, 1914

dormy

(two

double/-dealer, -decker (hyphens)

Dor. Doric

DORA

— bluff, — boiler, — bond

bill,

words)

reformeerde Kerk

dopy

down time

person

(after

doucement

an incredulous or sceptical

John

20: 24-9) (one cap.)

mus.) sweetly

(Fr.

douceur (Fr. f.) a gratuity douche a jet of water directed

at the

body

(not

ital.)

d’Orsay, Alfred Guillaume Gabriel, Count (1801-52) ‘the last dandy’

doughboy

Dorset

doughnut

(US) a

esp. in the First

not -shire

dumpling; a US infantryman, World War (one word)

(one word) not donut

— pine, — spruce

dory

a fish, (US) a flat-bottomed boat; not -ey

Douglas/

DOS

(comput.) disk operating system

Doukhobors use DukhDounreay Highland, atomic research station douse drench with water, extinguish; cf. dowse

dos-a-dos

(Fr.)

back to back, a sofa made for kind of bookbinding

sitting so; also a

dosage

the size or the giving of a dose, not

-eage

douzaine

dos and don’ts not do’s and don’t’s dose an amount of medicine taken at one

time,

abbr. d.

do-se-do/

not do-si-do

novelist to

some matter

(not

ital.)

past part.)

=

dived

use dhow dowager a widow with

her

abbr.

title,

dowel/

dower

a

dower or retaining

dow.

(fasten with) a headless pin, usually of -led, -ling (one

I

in US)

a widow’s life-interest in her husband’s

property

Dostoevsky, Fyodor (Mikhailovich) (1821-81) Russian novelist (Fr. f.)

a

woman’s dowry

(. . .)

Down

see ellipsis

Douai/ dep. Nord, France; not

Douay Bible the RC a foreign

-y;

— School but

translations

custom house,

abbr. d.

double (typ.) a word etc. erroneously repeated double agent (two words) double-barrelled (hyphen) not

double bass

Dow-Jones New York

Stock Exchange index

(hyphen)

dot/e show great fondness, not doat; -age, -ard

douane

dozen, abbr. dzne.

dove (US past and dovecote not -cot

wood;

dossier papers referring

dots

(Fr. f.)

(one cap.)

dow pi. -s;

dosimeter not doseDos Passes, John (Roderigo) (1896-1970) US

dot

fir,

-eled (US)

(mus.) (two words)

a county of N. Ireland

down/beat, -cast (one word)

Downe, Viscount down/fall, -grade, -hearted,

-hill, -land, -load, -market, -pour, -right, -scale, -side, -stairs, -state, -stream (one word)

down-stroke (hyphen)

Down syndrome mongol,

not

s

-oid

down time

(two words)

—

(see

syndrome); not

downtown

droit

94

|

downtown

(US) the more central or business part of a town or city, = city centre (one word): cf. uptown

down/trodden, -turn (one word)

down wind

dowry money to

downwind

(noun),

and

(adj.

adv.)

or property brought by a bride

her husband

dowse

use a divining rod;

cf.

society (not

-ne

ital.), f.

theatrical impresario

dozen/, -s abbr. doz.

now

(Ger. m.) a university teacher, not

Doc- (cap.)

data processing, displaced person (refugee), Domus Procerum (the House of Lords)

(law)

DPAS Discharged Prisoners’ Aid DPH Diploma in Public Health

Society

D.Phil. Doctor of Philosophy; Ph.D.

usual

is

the more

title

DPP Director of Public Prosecutions DR (naut.) dead reckoning, dispatch rider.

in a

Scotch whisky liqueur (Ger.) desire for

expansion

eastwards

fish,

cf.

draft

draughtsman one who makes drawings, plans, etc.; a piece in the game of draughts; cf. drafts-

man Dravidian

(of or relating to) (a

Dis-

Reich

(German Empire)

of) a

meaning of excise duty

drawbridge (one word) drawer abbr. dr. drawing/ board,

name)

member

dark-skinned aboriginal people of S. India and Sri Lanka, including the Tamils and Kanarese; any of the languages spoken by this people in technical remitted, abbr. dbk.

Railway, District Registry, (Ger.) Deutsches

(before

act of drawing or drinking, a take 20 lb of eels, a dose, a vessel’s depth in water, a current of air, liquor ‘on draught’;

of

drawback

trict

Dr doctor

-ist abbr. dram, dramatis personae (a list of) characters play, abbr. dram. pers. (not ital.) dramatize not -ise

draught the

D’Oyly Carte, Richard (1844-1901) English

DP

dramat/ic,

Drapier’s Letters by Swift, 1724

d’oyl/ey, -ie use doily

Dozent

60 grains, one teaspoonful, 60 minims, small drink: see drachm; pi. -s, abbr. dr.

Drambuie (propr.) a Drang nach Osten

douse

doyen/ the senior member of a

dram

— paper, — pin, — room

(two words) dr.

drachm,

-s;

drachma (dram

-s;

or coin),

-s;

dram,

drawer, drive, debtor

drachm

a

weight or measure formerly used by

apothecaries, sign 5 abbr. senses use dram

dr.; for

,

drachma/

other

the chief monetary unit of Greece;

draconian very harsh or severe, esp. of laws and their application (not cap.); of or relating Athenian legislator

to Drako, 7th-c. bc

(cap.)

draft a deduction in weighing, a military party, a

money

rough sketch:

order, a

=

sketch (US)

or to

draught; abbr.

draw

dft.; cf.

draught drafts

documents;

cf.

Drdia, Franz (1868-1944) Czech composer

Dred Scott law

a sweetmeat enclosing a drug or nut or fruit slut, not daggle-

drag/line, -net (one word) Arabic, Turkish, or Persian

interpreter; pi.

-s,

-men

not

(19th

c.)

black slave, subject of US

1857

Theodore (1871-1945) US novelist Dresden china (one cap.) room, gown, dressing/ case, down, Dreiser,

— — station, — table

—

a squirrel’s nest, not dray

driblet a triclde, not dribb(adj.),

-est, -ly; hut dry/ish, -ness; cf.

drift/-ice, -net (hyphens)

driftwood (one word) drily not dryly (US)

drip/-dry, -proof (hyphens)

drivable not -eable

dragonfly (one word)

driveil/ed, -er, -ing (one

dragonnade

drive out

the French persecution of Protestants from 1681; not -onade, -oonade

Dragoon Guards

abbr.

DG; these are not

‘Guardsmen’

drag/ queen,

drainboard

— race

(US)

=

—

(two words)

dryer

dragee

dragoman/ an

case,

dri/er

= draughty

draggle-tail a

limp cover glued to

dreadnought (hist.) a type of battleship (from the name of the first, launched in 1906) (cap.);

drey

draftsman one who draughtsman drafty (US)

(bind.) a

the back of a book

not -naught

pi. -s, abbr. dr.

off,

draw-on cover

(typ.) to set

I

in US)

matter with wide word

spacing, such setting

driving licence (two words), not driver’s

—

(US)

drizzling (meteor.) abbr. d. (two words)

draining board

droit/ moral and legal right; (not

ital.)

— de seigneur

duke

droite

95

\

droite

(Fr.

the right hand, abbr. d.

f.)

dromedary

the one-humped Arabian camel,

Camelus dromedarius;

Drontheim drop initial

use

cf.

camel

Trond-

preference; cf de;

of a chapter descending one or more lines

(typ.)

opening etc., below the first

the

first letter

(typ.)

lower than

an opening first

title

line of text

of chapter on other

droshky open

(Russ. pi. drozhki) a

low four-wheeled

arid(ity), not

Deutsches Reichspatent, a

f.

-ess

German

patent

(cap.)

-fire,

-head (one word)

drum major/ an NCO commanding

regimental

drummers, a baton-twirling leader of marching band, f. -ette (US) = drum kit drumstick (one word) drunkenness (three ns) Druze a member of a political

a

drum set

Mount

or that which dries, not

drier; -est use dri- (except in US); see also

name) (Lat.)

subpoena

a

dri-

(1837-1904)

a duke’s wife or widow, or a woman holding the rank of duke in her own right (cap. as title); in Fr.

duchesse/

duchesse

(not cap.)

a soft heavy kind of satin, a dress-

— lace, —

ing table with a pivoting mirror; potatoes, set (two words)

—

duchy

dom

a dukedom, the Duchy the royal dukeof Cornwall or Lancaster (cap.)

dryly use drily (except in US)

duckboard

dry point an etching needle, the work produced by it (two words)

duck-rabbit

DS

ductus (Lat. med.) a duct, pi. same Dudevant see Sand, George

(mus.) dal segno (from the seminated sclerosis

sign), dis-

Ds. dominus, at Cambridge, a Bachelor of Arts

DSC

Distinguished Service Cross

D.Sc. Doctor of Science

DSIR Department

of Scientific and Industrial

Research

DSM

Distinguished Service Medal, (mus.) double short metre

DSO

(Companion of

the) Distinguished Service

Order d.s.p. decessit sine prole (died without issue)

DSS Department of Social Security DST (US) Daylight Saving Time d.t., dt’s

delirium tremens

Du. Dutch

du

‘you will

(lit.

bring with you’)

duckbill (one word), but duck-billed platypus (one hyphen)

drier

dry/ish, -ness not

as part of

duces tecum

duchess or religious sect

a dull pedant (character in prefaces

who

— Bay prawn (two caps.) Dubois-Raymond, Emil (1818-96) German physiologist, not du Bois Dubonnet (propr.) a sweet French aperitif due (Fr.) Duke, f duchesse (not cap., not ital. Dublin/ abbr. Dubl.,

French-American explorer in Africa

of Scott’s novels) (one word, cap.)

dry/er (noun) one

(1921-92) Czechoslovak

du Chaiilu, Paul Belloni

linked with Islam and living near Lebanon, not Drus, -e

Dryasdust

a grease for leather, not -ing

politician

drouth

drug/gist (US) a pharmacist, -store (US) a chemist’s shop (one word)

drum/beat,

dubbin

Dubcek, Alexander

carriage, not -sky

drought/, -y

Druid/

Du Barry, Marie Jeanne Becu, comtesse (1746-93) favourite of Louis XV of France

pages

DRP

de La

(caps.)

dub. dubitans (doubting), duhius (dubious)

drop-leaf, -out (hyphens) etc. set

Dual Monarchy

Duarte, Jose Napoleon (1925-90) President of El Salvador 1972, 1980-2, 1984-9

line

drop kick (two words)

dropped head

(except when starting a sentence), alphabetized by surname, even if formed from a title (‘Maine, Louise de Bourbon, duchesse du’); follow established convention or the bearer’s

(as prefix to proper name) where cap. (‘Du Deffand, Marie, marquise’, ‘Duchamp, Marcel’), used in alphabetizing; where not cap.

duckweed

dudgeon

(one word)

hare-duck

(philos.) see

(one word) (not

-i)

a feeling of offence, resentment; not

dunduel/ler, -ling, -list (one

I

in US)

duello the rules or practice of duelling

duende an

evil spirit,

inspiration (not

duenna

personal magnetism,

ital.)

a chaperon (not

ital.),

in Sp.

dueha

Dufay, Guillaume (c.1400-75) Franco-Flemish composer, also Du Fay duffel/ a coarse woollen cloth, not coat (two words)

-le;

—

Dufy, Raoul (1877-1953) French dugout (one word)

Duguesclin, Bertrand

duiker

duke

(Afrik.) a

see

— bag,

painter

Guesclin, du

small antelope, not duy-

cap. as title, abbr. D.; in

Fr.

due

\not cap.)

DV

Dukhobors |

96

Dukhobors a Russian sect, not DoukhDuleep Singh not Dhuleep, Dulip dulia (RC) the reverence accorded to saints and angels (not

French admiral; Fort

ital.)

renamed

dullness not dul-

Dulong and

Duma

law of

Petit,

dur

Dumas/, Davy de la Pailleterie, Alexandre (1762-1806) French general,

—

— Alexandre (1802-70) French

Alexandre (1824-95) his son, Jean Baptiste Andre French writer;

writer;

f#/s,

—

,

(1800-84) French chemist

du Maurier,/ George (Louis Palmella Busson) (1834-96) English artist and

—

author; Sir Gerald (1873-1934) his son, Dame Daphne (1907-89) actor-manager; his daughter, author

—

Dumbarton Strathclyde Dumbarton Oaks/ an estate DC, at which

dumb-bell

Conference was

bullet (no hyphen)

Dumfries

& Galloway

dummy

held, 1944

-ed, -er, -ing not dumf-

dumdum

(print.) a

prototype

of

Durham

University (no point,

a coarse calico material, -s overalls

made of this; not -eree(s) dungeon an underground not dud-; cf

durra

use

durab/le,

-ility

durchkomponiert music

for

(mus.) having different each stanza in a song

Albrecht (1471-1528) German painter; -esque

Diirer/,

duress

Durex

constraint, not (propr.) a

-e

condom

D’Urfey, Thomas (1653-1723) English playwright abbr. Dur.

Durkheim, Emile (1858-1917) French

soci-

ologist

durra a kind of sorghum, = jowar, not dhurra, dura wright, novelist, and critic

Dushanbe capital of Tajikistan Dussek, Jan Ladislav (1760-1812) Bohemian Diisseldorf Germany

dustbin (one word)

dust bowl an area denuded of vegetation by drought or erosion (two words, not cap.); the region along the western edge of the Great Plains,

USA

(caps.)

cell for prisoners,

parts of a dustjacket are usually divided into front, front flap, back, back flap, and spine

dust jacket (two words); the

dust/man, -pan (one word)

donjon

dunghill (one word)

dust sheet (two words)

duniwassal

dust-shot (hyphen, two words in US)

(Sc.)

a

Highland gentleman, not

dunni-

Dunkirk dep. Nord, France; now in Eng.) Dunkerque

in

Fr.

(and often

dust storm (two words) dust-trap (hyphen, two words

port and suburb of Dublin Dunnottar Castle Grampian Duns Scotus, Johannes (c.1266-1308) meta-

physician

of,

Dutchess County New York State Dutch Guiana now Suriname dutiable subject

duodecimo/

or

twelvemo/

(typ.) a

book based

leaves, twenty-four pages, to the

sheet; pi. -s; abbr.

12mo

duologue a (stage) conversation between two duotone (print.) a half-tone illustration in two colours from the same original with different screen angles a family of American industrialists

in US)

relating to, or associated with the Netherlands; (US arch.) German; abbr. Du.

Dutch

Dun Laoghaire

Du Pont

cap-

dustcart (one word)

no colon)

on twelve

its

composer

(and chaste)

dungaree/

1754,

on

durrie use dhurrie

Dunbarton a former Scottish county; see also Dumbarton Dunblane Central, not DumDuncan-Sandys, Baron (hyphen) Dunelm: the signature of the Bishop of Dur(colon);

fort,

Diirrenmatt, Friedrich (1921-90) Swiss play-

a region of Scotland

dump truck (US) = tipper lorry, dumper truck dum sola (ef casta) (law) while unmarried

ham

French

mus.) major

(Ger.

dura

Durham in Washington,

(h}/phen)

dumbfound/,

—

Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh, Pa.)

ture by the English in 1758

(phys.)

a Russian council of State

father of

duppy (W. Ind.) a malevolent spirit or ghost du Pre, Jacqueline (1945-87) English cellist Duquesne/, Abraham, marquis (1610-88)

to

duumvir/ one of a

duty

pair of

Roman

officials,

Eng.

pi. -s

dux

a top pupil at certain schools (not

dux/

(Lat.)

a leader, pi. duces',

of the flock

duyker

DV

use dui-

Deo volente (God willing)

ital.)

— gregis leader

Dvorak

97

D-Zug |

Dvorak, Antonin (1841-1904) Bohemian composer

DVS

Doctor of Veterinary Science

(or

Surgery)

dwarf/

use

belladonna

pi. -s,

not -ves (except in Tolkien

and

dwt deadweight

tonnage, pennyweight, troy grains; not pwt.

-s;

24

Dy dysprosium (no point) dyad a pair, a group of two, is

a

(math.) an operator combination of two vectors

Dyak

(an indigenous inhabitant) of Borneo or Sarawak, not Day-

dyarchy dybbuk/ pi.

a severe infection of the intestines

reading and spelling, adj.

malevolent

spirit in

Jewish folklore,

comfort

dysplasia (med.) the abnormal growth of

tis-

etc.

(print.) a

etc.; cf.

dying

diazo print (hyphen)

Welsh county

dying ceasing

to live;

(med.) difficult or laboured breath-

ing, not -nea (US); -eic

dysprosium symbol Dy

dyestuff (one word)

cf.

dyss/ a megalithic chambered tomb of a kind found in Denmark, pi. -er; in Dan. dysse

dytheism use didythiramb use dithydziggetai a Mongolian wild

dzne.

(Fr.)

dzo

cow-yak hybrid,

dyke

Dzonghka

not di- (US, for a long wall,

ass, not

the

many

variants

dyeing

Dyirbal (of or relating to) (a member of) an Aboriginal people of northern Queensland, Australia, or their language

embankment,

a

douzaine (dozen) pi.

same; not the

many

variants; in Tibetan tndso also

-gka a Tibetan dialect, also

called Bhutan!, the official language of Bhu-

etc.)

dynamics (sing.),

difficulty in

-ic

dyspep/sia chronic indigestion, not dis-; -tic dysphasia (med.) a lack of coordination in speech, owing to brain damage dysphoria a state of unease or mental dis-

dyspno/ea a

dyeing colouring cloth

a

dysentery

sues

Dyce Airport Aberdeen

Dyfed

use dith-

use di-

-im

dye-line

dyotheism

dyslex/ia a disorder marked by

other fantasy writing)

that

point); in SI

dys- a prefix meaning difficult or defective; distinguish it from dis-, meaning apart

deadweight, delivered weight

dwale

dyn (no

abbr.

units 10

Dvr. Driver

dw

dynamo/ pi. -s dyne a unit of force,

the science of matter and motion

abbr. dyn.

tan

D-Zug

(Ger. m.)

Durchgangszug (an express train)

Ee E Egyptian

(as

in £E), (prefix) exa-, the fifth in

East End London

(caps.)

E. Earl; east, -ern; English

East Ender (two words) but the television gramme is EastEnders (one word)

e

Easter Day the

a series

a symbol used on packaging (in conjunction with specification of weight, size, etc.) to indicate compliance with EC regulations

€ symbol

Port.)

and

e. (meteor.)

wet

e

(It.,

euro

for the

air

e, e, or e (math.)

(dyn.) coefficient of electromotive force of a cell

the base of natural or Napierian

logarithms

e e e

grave accent)

to be used in Eng. for the of past tenses and participles when that otherwise mute syllable is to be separately pronounced, as ‘Hence, loathed Melancholy!’ last syllable

abbr. ea.

eadem

(Lat.)

eidem; idem

EAEC

European Atomic Energy Community

E.

&

and water (not

Eaudyke

EB

Encyclopaedia Britannica

Ebbets Field

ebd.

Vale Gwent,

(colon)

ear/drum,

(one word)

title)

lished Church, European

Grey a type of tea flavoured with bergamot Earl Marshal the officer presiding over the Earl

College of Heralds

ecarte

ECB

in US)

Earl Palatinate (hist.) an earl having royal authority within his country or domain (caps.)

Earls Court London (no apos.) -ring,

-shot (one word)

a two-person

game of cards

©

(one word)

compass

or a position

ital.)

English Cricket Board

Ecce Homo

‘Behold the Man’ (John 19:

eccentric/, -ally, see excentric

-ity; for

points

East Chester, Eastchester two

(OT) abbr. Eccles.

—

the sign of the cross’, also before signatures of certain Church dignitaries; in service books use R7 response, ^ versicle, * words to be intoned; see also cross; crux

called

Notts.

different

birthplace

signs; Greek ecclesiastical/ abbr. eccles.; used in service books to notify ‘make Cross

Ecclesiasticus

(one word)

5)

mathematical sense

of Carlyle

Ecclesiastes

earth, the cap. only in astronomical, poetical, mythological, and anthropomorphic contexts; not cap. and not preceded by ‘the’ in

symbol

Community, Exec-

Committee

Ecclefechan Dumfries & Galloway,

ear/mark, -muff, -phone, -piece, -plug,

NY

utive

in classical ballet (not

ear lobe (two words, except

abbr. E.; see also

like ivory, not -ian

Engineer Captain, Episcopal Church, Estab-

abbr. E.

electrical contexts:

European Broadcasting Union

East-Gentral (postal district of London), Education(al) Committee, Electricity Council,

Earhart, Amelia (1898-1937) US aviator

towns in

Welsh Glynebwy

not -ise

EC

East Bridgford

in

m

ebonize

ear drops (two words)

eastbound

(no

Eblis the chief of the fallen angels in Muslim pron.) 5hhology, also I- (following Persian

eburnean

earthwork

New York

(Ger.) ebenda, ibid.

EBU

earl (cap. as

a baseball stadium.

apos.)

Ebor: the signature of the Archbishop of York

a tidal wave, not -er

O. E. errors and omissions excepted

-ful

ital.)

Lines.

ear/ache, -bash (one word)

east

words); -de-Nil,

Ebor. Eboracum (York)

(now Euratom)

eagre

in

East Kilbride Strathclyde

easy chair (two words) easygoing (one word) eau/ de Cologne (three

Ebbw

the same (female) author, abbr. ead., pi. eaedem, abbr. eaed. (not ital., not cap. except to begin a sentence or note): see also

abbr. E.; see also compass points easternmost (one word) East Indiaman (hist.) a large ship engaged

eastern

-de-vie (hyphens);

(It.) is

each

after the eccle-

on, or next after, 21 Mar.

— forte nitric acid, also an etching; — fortiste an etcher; — sucree sugar

(Port.) is

(e

Sunday

first

moon

trade with the East Indies

but no rain

e eccentricity of ellipse, elasticity, (elec.)

siastical full

pro-

(Apocr.) abbr. Ecclus.; also

Sirach, Sirah,

Ben Sirach

ECG electrocardiogram ECGD Export Credits Guarantee

Department

Echegaray

99

Eestimaa |

Echegaray, Jose (1833-1916) Spanish

poet,

playwright, economist, mathematician, and

statesman

echelon echo/

echt

(not

not -os

pi. -es,

Edgbaston Birmingham, not Edgeedge tool not edged edgeways not -way, -wise (except in

genuine

(Ger.)

eclair a small pastry

edaircissement

filled

with cream

m.) explanation

(Fr.

eclat a brilliant display, dazzling

Edgeworth,/ Maria (1767-1849)

eclectic borrowing freely from various sources

ECM

a short pastoral

poem

electronic character master; see also digit-

1932) Italian academic and

(b.

writer

ecology the study of organisms onment, not

oe-: abbr.

econometrics

(pi.

in their envir-

noun, usually treated as

(cap. T) the definite article is

ecossais/

ecossaise an energetic dance

Oe-

ecraseur

(not

f.

editeur

par

-ee; edite{e) (Fr.

US

invent-

published by

(Fr.)

m.) publisher, not editor; edite par

cf.

redacteur

edn. (not the state of a book

(print.) abbr.

ed.), pi.

(also

and

ecru an unbleached linen colour (no accent,

its

edns.

the copies, first pub-

each revision, enlargement, abridgement, or change of format (2nd, 3rd, etc.); not a reprint containing no substantial alteration; see also impression; reprint

lication,

after

edition de iuxe

crayfish

(Fr. f.)

(1847-1931)

or any one copy, so printed) at

ital.)

a surgical instrument (no accent)

ecrevisse

Thomas Alva

or

(not eds.)

-tic a

(lit.),

use

Edirne formerly Adrianople, Turkey

edition

description used as a device to halt a narrative so as to include ancillary information; in Gr. ekph-

editioj

(Fr.)

princeps

sumptuous edition

first

printed edition,

(ital.)

pi.

-nes

principes

ital.)

ECSC

European Coal and

Steel

Community

ecstas/y rapture, not ex-, -cy; (cap., si.) a powerful stimulant and hallucinatory drug, MDMA; -ize not -ise

electroconvulsive therapy (hist.) (Fr.

European currency unit

m.) a French coin;

escutcheon

Ecuador/

(Fr. her.)

(also

ECU)

a shield or

(ital.)

Ecua.

tian Church, not oec- except in specialist uses,

Oecumenical Council

e.g.

eczema

a skin inflammation

ed. edited, editor

a c-ollection of Icelandic legends, pi. -s;

The Elder

(or

poems, 11th Prose)

Poetic)

c.

and

pi.

pi.

eds. (preferred) or edd.

edns.

edn.

cit. the edition cited

Edo

a former

EDP EDS EDT

electronic data processing

name

for Tokyo; see also

Yeddo

English Dialect Society (US) Eastern Daylight

Time

— a collection of

earlier;

The Younger

(or

— 13th-c. stories, prosody, and com-

mentary Eddy, Mary Morse Baker (1821-1910) founder of Christian Science

-alist

educ/e, -ibie

Eduskunta the Parliament of Finland EE Early English ee (Sc.) eye, pi. een E.E. & M.P. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary

English Dialect Dictionaiy

Edda/

edn. edition,

educationist not

belonging to the entire Chris-

-al

editor abbr. ed.;

educ/ate, -able

not Eq-; abbr.

ecumenic/,

EDD

abbr. Edin., E’boro

Edipus

publisher’s editor;

econ.

-e Scottish (not cap.)

(Fr.) f.

ecphras/is

ecu ecu

Edinburgh

now used in Fr. also to describe the role of a volume editor, as distinct from e.g. a

not -ise -ical, -ics, -ist abbr.

for eth

edited this

is

traditionally included in references

econom/y,

dialect)

Irish novelist;

edile use aed-

edit/e

economize

ECT

(Lat.)

Edison,

ecol.

sing.)

Economist, The

not

Edgware/ London, — Road edh alternative (esp. US) spelling edidit

ization

Eco, Umberto

SW

educationist

(not

ital.)

eclogue

off

— Richard Lovell (1744-1817) her father, Irish

effect, or

renown

social distinction, universal

— Rocks

coast of Britain

edelweiss an Alpine plant edema/, -tous use oed-

no accent)

ital.,

Eddystone/ Lighthouse,

EEC European Economic Community (the Common Market); see also European Community; European Union

EEC

electroencephalogram

eerie weird, not

-y;

Eestimaa

Estonia, also

(Est.)

eerily

Meiemaa

EETPU

elan

100

I

EETPU

Amendment to the Constitution of the USA, 1920, introducing prohibition of intoxicating liquor; repealed by Twenty-First Amendment, 1933

Eighteenth

Electrical, Electronic, Tele-

communications, and Plumbing Union

EETS

Early English Text Society

effect/er one

who

(biol.)

response to a stimulus, -uate cause

effects a

to

having a definite an organ that

effects, -ive

or desired result, -or

happen

(prefer effect)

8vo

eikon

effendi/ a man of education or standing in eastern Mediterranean or Arab countries, (cap.) a former title of respect or courtesy in Turkey; not -dee; pi. -s Efficients a 19th-c. economic school

attacking James

pi. -a

Efta

(also

— — Newydd ;

letterspacing

einschUeRUch

(Lat.)

comma

exampli gratia (for example) (not

thinks, pi. -s egotistically, not -ise

lesser

Egypt/, -ian

see

white heron;

aigrette

see also

(cap.)

to be followed by exclamation mark when used as an exclamation, by question mark when used as a question

eh

(Ilya

Grigorevich) (1891-1967)

(Ger.)

(correctly Id)

Eire in Gaelic means ‘Ireland’; former off. name of the Republic of Ireland (or ‘the Irish Republic’); note the accent, as eire in Gaelic means ‘burden’ a peace proposal, not

ir-

Eisenhower, Dwight David (1890-1969) US general. Supreme Commander of Allied Expeditionary Force in the Second World War; US President 1953-61 Eisenstein, Sergei (Mikhailovich) (1898-1948) Russian film director

honorary, abbr. eh.

either of two

including, inclusive;

einsteinium symbol Es

Russian writer and poet

ehrenhaiber

(Ger.)

Einstein,/ Albert (1879-1955) German physicist, naturalized US citizen 1940; Alfred (1880-1952) German musicologist, naturalized US citizen 1945

eirenicon

United Arab Republic

Egyptolog/ist, -y abbr. Egyptol.

Ehrenburg,

considered old-fash-

—

eggplant (US) = aubergine (one word) eggshell (one word) ego/ (psychol.) the self that is conscious and

egret the

now

abbr. einschl.

before)

egotize act

n) is

ital.,

egg/cup> -head (one word)

EidI

(e i

ioned

EFTA) European Free Trade Associ-

ation e.g.

(Ger.) a,

ferentiate

English as a Foreign Language

Caer

II

an or one, a person, they; to difbetween indefinite article and pronoun in Ger., the latter is sometimes styled with an acute (ein); the use of cap. (Ein) or

ein

also

egret

Eileithyia the Greek goddess of birth

effluxion that which flows out, not -ction

Efrog (Welsh) York, New York

see also

use icon

Eikon BasiUke a pamphlet (1648/9) reputedly by Charles 1, more probably by John Gauden (1605-62), bishop and writer; another, written by Titus Oates, dedicated to William 111 and

(cap.)

effluvi/um the vapour from decaying matter,

EFL

octavo

eigret/, -te use aigrette;

Muslim

festivals;

eisteddfod/ a congress of Welsh bards, a national or local festival for musical competitions; pi. -s, -au (in Welsh); not cap. except

— ul-Fitr, marking the end of the fast of Ramadan, or (in full) — ul-Adha, mark(in full)

ing the culmination of the annual grimage to Mecca

eidem

(Lat.)

whom

is

the same authors

pil-

ital.,

ejusdem

one of not cap.

ejector not

see also

ejempio

eadem; idem

EKG

eidol/on a phantom,

pi. -a

eigen/frequency, -function, -value (math., phys.; one word)

Eigg Inner Hebrides, Scotland (typ.)

a

leaves, thirty-six pages, to the sheet; also

called

octodecimo, decimo-octavo;

18mo

pi. -s,

ej.

use

ecph-

God

el (Sp. m.) the (Sp.)

as

he

el is

(but el

que

(no accent) for ‘he who’,

the article)

Elagabalus (204-22) Emperor of Rome 218-22; not Elio-, though Helio- is found in late

Roman

book based on eighteen

example, abbr.

(US van, Ger.) electrocardio/gram, -graph

El (Heb.)

el

Eiffel

-er

(Sp.)

ekphrasis

Mountains Germany Eiffel/, Alexandre Gustave (1832-1923) French engineer; — Tower Paris, in Fr. Tour Eifel

eighteenmo/

—

(Lat.) of the same, abbr, eiusd.\ generis of the same land; also (esp. in law)

(at least

male), abbr. eid. (not

except to begin a sentence or note);

abbr.

as part of title

eiusdem/

sources

El Al Israel Airlines, Ltd El

Alamein

elan dash,

Egypt; battle, 1942

spirit (accent,

not

ital.)

,

.

elan vital

101

elan vital

force

life

Elias Gr. form of Elijah used in

E-layer a layer of the ionosphere able to

reflect

medium-frequency radio waves, not E-region Elbrus,

Mount

Caucasus; not -ruz, -urz

Elburz mountains,

Iran, not -bruz

elchee Anglicized version of

Eliogabalus

use Ela-

Eliot/ family

name

—

words, not

ital.); pi.

(hist.)

El

elision

elite (not

the

f.

no accent)

ital.,

It.

Ellice a river in

analogue of Oedipus

NW Canada name

Ellice Islands the former

name of the Earl of Minto; the family in Jane Austen’s Persuasion: see also Eliot; Elyot

Elliot in the family

-toress

electro/ electrot)q)e (no point),

electrocute not

pi. -s

-icute

ellips/is the omission of words,

electroencephalograph an instrument recording the electrical activity of the brain (one word), abbr. EEC

electrolyse break up by

electric

means, not

symbol

electromagnet/ic, -ism (pertaining tricity and magnetism (one word)

electro/meter an

to) elec-

electricity measurer,

-motive producing

electricity,

-motor an

motor (one word)

electron spin resonance (no hyphen) abbr.

ESR electronvolt a unit of energy (one word), abbr. (one cap.)

electrotype a duplicate printing plate made by copper electrolysis (one word), abbr. electro

former immigration centre in

eloge

(Fr. m.) an oration of eloge (no accent)

elogi/um

pi. -a,

elogy a (funeral) oration of eulogy

Elohim

(Heb.) the Deity

eloin (law) abscond, not -gn Elois/a, -e

see

Heloi'se

E. long, east longitude El

Paso

El

Salvador Cent. America,

Tex.; not

-ss-

Elsass-Lothringen

use

Elsinore singor

trad. Eng. (as in Hamlet) for

Elze-

for archaeological

Elyot, Sir

Elgin Marbles transported to British Museum from Athens. 1805-12, by the Earl of Elgin site

Thomas

(71499-1546) English

writer; see also Eliot; Elliot

Elysee palace, Paris Elysium (Gr. myth.) the abode of dead heroes not

ital.),

also Elysian Fields

elytr/on the hard wing-case of a beetle,

pi. -a

ital.)

Eizevier a Dutch family of booksellers and

-er

Giza Egypt,

clear, not -er

mentally or phys-

ically; cf. illusory

(not

yields

difficult to grasp,

elver a young eel

(cap.,

Elephantine Egypt, famed

Dan. Hel-

English language teaching

elusive

not -chtic

Sal-

Alsace-Lorraine

see

eleemosynary of or dependent on

elementary abbr. elem. elements (chem.) no point after symbols elench/us (logic) a refutation, pi. -i; elenctic

San

Elsevier

ELT

eleg/y a funeral song, a pensive poem; -iac; -ist the writer of an elegy, not -last; -ize write elegy, not -ise; see also elogy; eulogy

capital

vador

elucidator one who makes

alms; char-

praise, Anglicized

praise, also eloge; see also elegy;

electuary a sweetened medicine, abbr. elec, itable, gratuitous

pi. -es;

.

New York Bay as

electrolyte a solution able to conduct electric current

.

Ellis Island the

-yze (US)

El

of Tuvalu, W.

Pacific

electress not

elevator not

syl-

Eliz., in Fr. and Ger. Elisabeth, Elisabetta, in Sp. Isabel, in Scandinavian languages Elisabet

in

complex

electric

the suppression of letters or

Elizabeth abbr.

electuary

electoral college, a voter, not -er

complex

(typ.)

lables in contractions

Dorado (two

elector (hist.) a German prince electing an emperor (cap. as title); a member of a US Electra

—

(nat-

uralized British) poet; see also Elliot; Elyot

-s

electricity, electrical,

of the Earl of St Germans;

(1819-90) pseud, of Mary Ann Marian) Evans, English novelist;

George

T(homas) S(tearns) (1888-1965) US

(caps.)

eldorado/ any imaginary country or city abounding in gold, a place of great abund-

elec,

,

(later

Elder Brethren of Trinity House

(AV)

eligible not -able

Turkish

elgi, a

NT

Elien: the signature of the Bishop of Ely (colon)

ambassador

ance; in specialist use

Lamb

Elia pseud, of Charles

(ital.)

elasticated not -cized (US)

eV

Eizevier \

of the pyramids; use Giza

printers, in business 71583-1712, not

-vir,

found in some

bib-

although the form

is

liographical sources; the

modern publisher

is

name

Elsevier

of the

EM EM

emulator

102

I

Magis-

(Master of the Horse)

Em. Emmanuel,

em

Edward Medal, Equitum

Earl Marshal,

ter

Emily,

Emma

horizontal unit of space, the square of the body of any size of type, originally figured as the width of a capital M; also the standard unit of typographic measurement, equal to 12 pt., the ‘pica’ em; see also em rule,

en

’em them

EMA

European Monetary Agreement also

e-mail (hyphen), not

(Fr.

m.) enamel,

pi.

-aux, adj. -aille

email/ ink a type of ink used on

—

the preservation of a dead body

embalming is the more usual noun embargo/ a temporary ban on trade, pi. -es embarkation not -cation embarras/ (Fr. m.); — de richesseis) a superfluity of good things; — de voitures traffic jam; — du choix difficulty of choosing, not de embarrass/, -ment (three ms);

embassy embathe

not

am- (not

cap.)

embod/y,

Electrical

ital.)

entangle, confuse; not ima

door or window recess, widening

inwards; not -zure

embrocation

a liquid used for rubbing

to relieve

muscular pain

etc.; cf.

on the imbri-

cation

emigr/e (not

-ee an emigrant, esp. a political exile

f.

ital.)

eminence grise eminent cf.

Emir

in hostility; not im-

a master of ceremonies,

distinguished, notable, remarkable;

a Turkish title (cap.), not cap. in non-

Kings of

Italy, properly

Emmental

emmesh

Ameer, Amir

— (Mil)

Emanuele

a Swiss cheese, not -thal

use

enm(1778-1803) Irish patriot

a salary, fee, or profit

= em

rule

from employ-

or office

enrol, not im-; -led, -ling (one

empassion use imEmperor abbr. Emp. emphas/is pi. -es emphasize not -ise emplane not enempolder use imempori/um a centre of commerce,

not

I

in

com-

a large shop;

pi. -a

emprise (arch.) a chivalrous enterprise, emptor a purchaser empyre/an the highest heaven, -al

em

the ‘burnt’ smell of organic mat-

(typ.) a rule (— the width of an em, with no space either side in OUP style;

rule

EMS EMU emu

not -ize

not -ruma; pi. -ata )

em: en rule

European Monetary System European Monetary Union an Australian running

e.m.u. electromagnetic

pere (typ.)

power behind the

immanent; imminent

see also

use im-

MC)

f.)

Emmanuei/ College Cambridge;

set

embryo/ pi. -s embryoiogy abbr. embryol. (also

(Fr.

specific Eng. contexts; see also

ter,

use im-

em dash

leave one’s own country to settle in another, -nt one who does this; cf. immigrate

emigra/te

empyreum/a

embroglio use imembroil confuse, involve

embrue

(Ltd.)

-aemia (except in US)

US)

ital.)

shelter with trees, not im-

embrangie embrasure

and Musical Industries

(suffix) use

empanel/ (not

receive into one’s affections, not im-

mouthpiece (not

embue emcee

EMI

-estic

emboss raise in relief, not imembouchement a river mouth (not ital.) embouchure (mus.) the shaping of the mouth,

body

(bird) use emu emeute (Fr. f.) insurrection emf electromotive force

Emp. Emperor, Empress empaestic connected with embossing,

-iment not im-

embolden not imembonpoint plumpness

embower

poet,

emeu

ment

not im-

-ied, -ier,

embosom

US

(1803-82)

and philosopher

essa5dst,

emolument

not im-

not -Iment

embiaz/e, -onry

haemorrhoids

Emmet, Robert

not im-

embezziement

use

Emerson, Ralph Waldo

emollient softening or soothing the skin

embed/, -ded, -ding

a

emerods

title as

throne, confidential agent

Emanuel School Wandsworth

embalmment

text etc.; see

glass, por-

ombrant a process in which the impressions of the design appear as shadows (two words, not ital.) celain, etc.;

remove errors in a

emerit/us retired and retaining one’s an honour, pi -i, f. -a

-emia

E-mail

emjail

alter or

amend

also

(typ.) a

email electronic mail,

emend

emulator

rival, not -er

bird, not

unit(s)

emeu

en

103

en

enkephalin I

horizontal unit of space equal to half

(typ.) a

an em, originally the width of a capital N;

em; en

see also

enactor

rule

use in-

en/ arriere

(Fr.)

while,

—

en bloc

inspired with love

mass (not

in the

en brosse

— attendant mean-

behind, avant forward

enc. enclos/ed, -ure

Encaenia Commemoration

the Graeco-Latin kah; not -cenia (not ital.)

versity, also

name

use

energize cf.

not in-

en/ face

enk-

with

chilli

pi.

-ons,

ital.)

in ordinary language

(i.e.

in- (hut

not

in-,

this

Inclosure Acts)

ENG

usurpingly, not in-

(data) into code, esp.

hamper, burden; not

in-

abbr. EB, Ency.

Encyclopedia the French encyclopedia edited by Diderot, 1751-72; encyclopediste a writer (not cap.)

cf.

(typ.)

= en

rule

endent/, -ure

use inlast resource,

—

a curly-leaved plant, Cichorium endivia, used in salads; (US) = chicory

end leaves see endpapers endnote a note printed at the end of (a

section

book

not -eable, -ible

-ing

(no h5q>hen)

Engl/and, -ish abbr. Eng., not a synonym

for

Britain, British

English horn

use

cor anglais

in-

dye in the raw

to

state, not in; cf.

ingrain or

toilette

(Fr.)

in full

en grand seigneur magnificently engross not inengulf not

endive

endors/e write on the back

-er,

dress

en/ dernier ressort (Fr.) as a deshabiile in undress

of) a

engine room

en grande/ tenue

-ity use in-

engrav/ed,

engineer/, -ing abbr. eng.

engrain

epidemic

-ing;

Engadine Switzerland, in Cer. Engadin engag/e (Fr.) f. -ee morally committed en gargon (Fr.) as a bachelor Engels, Friedrich (1820-95) German socialist, associate of Karl Marx

engraft not

regularly found in a specified place;

endemn/ify,

-ize

electronic news-gathering

eng. engineer,

-ic, -ical, -ism -ist, -ize abbr. ency., hut use -paed- in quoting titles where that spelling was followed

endemic

in-

Eng. England, English

but incrustation

Brit.

en dash

word)

in-

enforce/, -able not

encycloped/ia,

it

feoffee

ital.)

Encyclopaedia Britannica

for

finally (one

(Fr.)

see also fee;

in festivity

ital.)

unauthorized access; conceal by

to

(Fr.)

enfold not

means

encumber

transfer land to possession of a

enfranchis/e, -able, -ement, -ing not

encrypt (comput.) convert to prevent

(hist.)

— prodigue, — terribie indiscreet person

m.) spoilt child,

not in

a eulogy; pi. -urns, -a (not

encore again (not encroach intrude encrust

— famille with one’s fam-

subordinate tenant;

enfin

enclos/e, -ure not

(Fr.

rthe prodigal son,

en fete

cipher)

encomi/um

facing,

enfant/ gate cook.) a tortilla

enfeoff

(Fr.)

(Fr.)

ily

enchiridi/on a handbook or manual;

en Clair

vitality, not in-;

inn-

in a setting, engrave; not in-

enchilada (Mexican sauce and a filling -a (not

not -ise

enervate deprive of vigour or

encage, encapsulate, encase

enchase put

Hanuk-

for

Satan only, not the

other side in a conflict

Oxford Uni-

at

of Selene; EndymDisraeli’s last novel

Energy Agency

enema/ pi. -s (not ital.) Enemy, the cap. to denote

bristly cut

encephalin

-er, -ing not in-

endways not -wise Endymion (Gr. myth.) lover ion, a poem by Keats; also

ENE east-north-east ENEA European Nuclear

ital.)

beginning

to invest, not in-

endur/e, -able, -ed,

-ler, -ling

enamorato enamoured

(bind.) the sheets at the

and end of a book, half of each pasted to the inside of the cover, half forming a flyleaf

endue

not -er

enamel/led,

endpapers

enigma/

in-,

-gulph

a riddle, pi. -s

enjambment

(prosody) the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza (not ital.); in Fr. (m.)

enjambem en t of,

not

in-;

-able

enkephalin

either of two morphine-like pep-

tides occurring naturally in the brain, not ence-

en masse

Env. Extr.

104

|

en masse in a body (not ital.) enmesh entangle; not emm-, imm-

entente/ meaning;

Enniskillen/ Co. Fermanagh, Earl of

—

,

see also

Inniskiliing

—

mots a double

ings, pi.

ennui boredom

ennuy/e

ENO

f.

(not

ital.)

-ee bored (not

ital.)

enoculate use inenology use oen- (except in US) enormity extreme wickedness or error; not immensity, of great size, for which use enormousness en pantoufle (Fr.) relaxed en/ passant by the way, in passing; a kind of pawn capture in chess, abbr. ep (no points); — pension as a boarder or resident (ital.) enplane use em-

— prince in — prise (chess) in a position

to be taken (Brit.)

ask, -y a question;

cf.

inquire

—

en/ rapport (Fr.) in sympathy; regie as it should be, in order; revanche in revenge

—

enrol/,

-ment

not enroll (US), but -led, -ler, -ling

en route on the way (not ital.) en rule (typ.) a rule (-) half the width of an em, in OUP

style set with no space either longer than a hyphen (-) and distinct in purpose; see also em rule; en

side; it is

from en/s

it

(Lat.)

En Saga

an

entity, pi. -tia

Zonen

(‘A Saga’), a

tone

poem by

Sibelius,

the Netherlands, but

a printing

house

at

Enschede en

Haarlem

ensconce not ins-, esen secondes noces (Fr.) by second marriage ensemble (not ital.) ensheath not -the ensilage the storage of green fodder

in pits or

silos in-

en somme (Fr.) in short ensuing not -eing en suite to match, forming (Fr.) after,

ensure make

enswathe

a unit (not

ital.)

safe or certain; see also assur-

wrap, not

in-

enthron/e, -ization not entitle not

in-; see also

-ment

in-

intitule

entomology the study of insects, entourage (not ital.)

abbr.

entom.

en-tout-cas (Fr.) an umbrella-cum-parasol, En-Tout-Cas (propr.) a type of hard tennis court

entozo/on an internal

parasite, pi. -a (not

performance between two acts, pi. -s

entr’acte/

(a

in)

en train

(Fr.)

ital.)

the interval

in-

group of

cordiale (not

ital.)

in progress

entrain go or put aboard a along

entrain

entangle; -led, -ling (one

entrap/, -ped, -ping not

entreat beseech, not

entrechat

(not

entrecdte

(cook.) a

sirloin (not

entree

train, carry or

drag

m.) heartiness

(Fr.

entrammel/

I

in US)

in-

in-

ital.)

boned steak cut

off the

ital.)

between the fish and meat main dish of the meal; the

a dish served

right of admission (not

ital.)

entremets side dishes (ital.) entrench not inentre nous (Fr.) confidentially entrepdt

a

market (not

ital.)

entrepreneur/ a person in control of a ness enterprise, a contractor (not

busi-

ital.); -iai

entresol a low storey between the ground and first fioor, mezzanine (not ital.)

fioor

in-

infiltration into a political organ-

States having

entryphone

its

policies or

an entente

(propr.)

an intercom device

at

an

entrance to a building

en/twine, -twist

not in-

the letter E followed by a code number, designating food additives according to

E-number EU

and throat

entablement a platform supporting a statue, above the dado and base a

double

objectives, not entrism; (noun) entrist

entablature the upper part of a classical building supported by columns or a colonnade

entail not

-11

ization to change or subvert

following (one word)

(med.) ear, nose,

entente

(US), -led, -ler, -ling,

entryism

ance; assure; insure; insurance

ENT

-ize

enthral/ not

entrust not

ensnare/, -ment not

ensuite

see also

enterprise not

courses, (US) the

1892

Enschede

;

in official position,

(Fr.)

princely style,

enquir/e

—

entendre

English National Opera

eu/ paste

—

cordiale cordial understanding, (caps., not ital.) that between Britain and France, 1904 onwards; un mot a double a word or phrase with two mean-

directives

enunciat/e, -or

enure

use in-

envelop/

(verb), -ed,

-ment

envelope (noun) Enver Pasha (1881-1922) Turkish military leader

Env. Extr. Envoy Extraordinary

political

and

|

en weave

Ephesians (NT) abbr. Eph. ephod a Jewish priestly vestment

use in-

enwrap/, -ped, -ping

enwreath

not in-

ephor/ a Spartan magistrate,

not in-

enzootic endemic in animals enzyme (chem.) a protein with

ephphatha catalytic prop-

erties

EO

Education Officer, Entertainments Officer, Equal Opportunities, (US) Executive Officer, Executive Order

EOC

Equal Opportunities Commission

Eocene

the second epoch of the Tertiary period (cap., not ital.) (geol.) (of

or relating

to)

e.o.h.p. except otherwise herein provided

eo ipso

EOJ EOL

(Lat.)

by the fact

itself

not -er (US)

Epicoene, or the Siient Ben Jonson, 1609

Woman

a play

a philosopher who identifies pleasure with virtue, following the Greek Epicurus (342-270 BC)

(a

aeo- (except in US)

eon use aeon (except in US and scientific use) Eothen (‘From the East’) an account of travels by Kinglake, 1844

-ktic

cf.

endemic

epidermis the outer skin or cuticle epigon/e one of a later (and less distinguished) generation;

epigram

pi. -es,

-i

a short, witty poem, or a pointed

Ep. Epistle

remark epigraph an inscription on a statue or at the head of a chapter, section, etc.

ep

epilogue the concluding part of a

(gramophone

record)

(chess) en passant

EPA

(US)

Environmental Protection Agency

epat/ant (Fr.) shocking, -erfes bourgeois shake up the hidebound

epaulette

a shoulder-piece, not -et (except in

Experimental Prototype Community of

Tomorrow,

EPDA

Fla.

work

epiphany the manifestation of a god;

(cap.)

6 Jan., the manifestation of Christ to the Magi; properly the Baptism of Christ with the rev-

a sharp-pointed duelling-sword, used (with blunted end) in fencing

epeirogenesis

the Magi being confined to the Western

churches

(geol.)

the regional uplift of

extensive areas of the Earth’s crust, not -geny

‘Epipsychidion’ a

epenthes/is the insertion of a letter or sound within a word (e.g. b in thimble), pi. -es a table

ornament no accent)

to hold fiowers or

Epernay a French white wine epexeges/is the addition of words to clarify meaning (e.g. to do in ‘difficult to do’), the words added;

pi.

a Hebrew measure, ephedrine not -in

ephemer/a same

title

as -on, pi. -as (not ital.) pi.

P.

B. Shelley,

1821

-te

to bishops, abbr. episc.;

of Anglican Churches in Scot-

land and USA; -ian epistem/e the accepted mode in a hist, period of acquiring and arranging knowledge, -ic, -oiogy; in Michel Foucault’s work it is spelt (Fr. f.) ep/steme; the original Gr. is epiSterne, with different technical uses in both

Plato

and

Aristotle

hymn by

Spenser, 1595

a nuptial song, pi. -a

epitheli/um surface

epha

ephemer/is an astronomical almanac,

tissue, pi. -a

epitomize not -ise epizo/on (zool.) an animal that surface of another,

lives

pi. -a; -otic

on the

epidemic in

animals

-ides

ephemer/on an

the

epithalami/um not

poem by

episcopal/ belonging

‘Epithalamion’ a

-es

Eph. Ephesians, Ephraim

ephah

on the surface of

Epirot an inhabitant of Epirus, not (cap.)

fruit (not ital.,

a plant that lives

another

epee

insect that lives for a day, pi.

-ons (not ital.); (bibliog.) a printed item intended for transient use (e.g. theatre programme, bottle label), pi. -a; -ist a collector of eph-

emera

literary

epiornis use aepy- (except in US)

epiphyte

Emergency Powers Defence Act

epergne

coin, or

elation in the heavens, the connection with

US)

EPCOT

and

disease) breaking out locally

lasting only for a time;

electroplate, extended play

by

epicure/ a person with refined tastes, esp. in food and drink; -an (noun and adj.) (one) devoted to (esp. sensual) enjoyment

epidemic

(comput.) end of line use

epicedi/um a funeral ode, pi. -a epicentre the point over centre of earthquake,

epideictic adapted for display, not

(comput.) end of job

eolian

pi. -s

(Aramaic) ‘Be opened’

Epicurean

e.o.d. entry on duty, every other day

EP

EPOS

enweave

105

e piuribus

unum

(Lat.)

out of many, one (motto

of the USA)

EPNS EPOS

electroplated nickel silver electronic point-of-sale (of retail outlets

recording information electronically)

eppur si muove

ESA

106

\

eppur si muove

and yet

(It.)

it

does move

an area of shifting sand dunes in the Sahara; pi. -s, areg; in Arab, ^irj

-s;

(ascribed to Galileo, after his recantation)

epreuve eprisj

(Fr.

epsilon the

f.)

typ.

-e

(Fr.) f.

ergo therefore

proof

enamoured

Erie one of the Great Lakes (USA and Canada)

of the Gr. alphabet

fifth letter

{E,

e)

Epstein, Sir

Jacob

(1880-1959) English

epuis/e

f -ee exhausted, out of print

(Fr.)

epyornis

pi. -a

easily disturbed; see also

Equador

use

equal/

(not with), -led, -ling (one

Ecu-

equaliz/e, -ation not

I

in US)

equanimity evenness of mind or temper equatable able to be regarded as equal; see

also

equable Equator/,

ERM

exchange-rate

erne

(poet.) a sea eagle, not

mechanism

‘Eroica’

Symphony

by Beethoven, 1804

Eq.

-iai abbr.

erpetolog/y,

equilibri/um balance,

equinoctial not pi.

equivalent

f.

-enne

pi. -a

-a (not

a user of misleading words, not

a quibble (not

ital.)

ER

Eastern Region, Edwardus Rex (King Edward), Elizabetha Regina (Queen Elizabeth)

Er erbium (no point)

eraser one who,

in writing or printing, pi.

ital.)

erroneous wrong,

-es

-er

equivoque

standard; (lit., arch.) travelling in search of adventure, ‘a knight errant’; cf. arrant

errat/um an error

-xial

abbr. equiv.

equivocator

-ist use h-

errant erring, deviating from an accepted

not -ery

equestri/an a horseman,

not -ious

errors (on proof) alterations to proofs are marked in different colours of ink, depending on who makes them and why. Normal convention is for printing errors marked by the printer to be in green, printing errors marked by the proofreader to be in red, and all other errors (or alterations or inclusions) to be in blue or black

or that which, rubs out; not

-or

ersatz

(Ger.) substitute (not ital.)

Erse of the Highland or

Erasmus, Desiderius (1466-1536) Dutch scholar

the lyric

muse

joint pseud, of two French writers collaborating from 1848 to 1870 (en rule)

the

Irish Gaelic

first

place,

language

erstgeboren

Tirtoff

Ertebelle (archaeol.) a in the

(Ger. myth.)

Erechtheum

an earth

spirit

a temple at Athens

erector one who,

or that which, erects; not -er

(med.) excitement, not ery-

late Mesolithic culture

Baltic

erup/t break out suddenly or dramatically; -tion

erven

cf.

see

irrupt

erf

a novel by Butler, 1872 pi.

erven

erg/ a unit of energy and work, now largely replaced by the joule (in SI units 10- VJ)- pl-

St

Anthony’s

fire,

not -us

erythism

use Yere-

erf (Afrik.) a plot of ground,

Westen

erysipelas a skin disease,

use E-layer

Erevan Armenia,

Erewhon

(Ger.) in

Erte (1892-1990) Russian-born French fashion designer and illustrator, born Remain de

erbium symbol Er Erckmann-Chatrian

E-region

erstens

first-born

(Gr.)

erethism

ern (US)

Ernie a device for selecting weekly and monthly winners in Premium Savings Bonds

Eros the Greek god of love

Equatorial Guinea W. Africa

equinox/

erl-king (Ger. myth.) a bearded giant who lures small children to the land of death, in Ger. Erikdnig (roman quoted as title of poem by Goethe and of songs by Loewe, Schubert, and others)

-ise

equal sign (typ.) = (normal interword space before and after, not set close up)

Erdgeist

Gael. Eireann

cap.)

equatable

Erato

Ir.

Ireland for ever

ning rather than at reaching the truth (not

use ae- (except in US)

equable uniform, not

equerry

(Ir.)

Eris/ the Greek goddess of discord; -tic of or characterized by disputation, aiming at win-

,

eq. equal

to

(arch., poet.) Ireland, in

go bragh

Eriny/s (Gr. myth.) any of the three Furies, Eumenides, or avenging deities; pi. -es

sculptor

epylli/on a miniature epic poem,

Erin

Erin

use ere-

Erzurum Turkish Armenia;

ES

not -oum,

(paper) engine-sized

Es einsteinium

ESA

(no point)

European Space Agency

-om

escalade

107

escalade mount and enter by escalat/e

and

rise, steadily

a ladder

inevitably, like

an

escalator: -ion

escallop

a shellfish, use scallop (except in her-

aldry)

escalope ital.)

meat

a thin slice of boneless

=

(US)

(not

I

ETA

Esquimalt Vancouver Island, Canada: not -ault Esquimau Fr. for Eskimo Esquire abbr. Esq. a title appended to a man’s surname only in the absence of any other form of address preceding or following a name, esp. in (usually Brit.) correspondence. Except ‘111’ (which it follows), ‘Jr.’ or placed immediately after the name; in the USA it is often used in writing to denote a lawyer of either sex

in the case of e.g.

scallop

it is

escargot an edible

snail

escarp/, -ment a steep slope, not -pe

Escaut

Fr.

eschalot

Schelde

for

ESR

eschatology (theol.) the doctrine of last things escheator an official who watches over forfeited property, not -er

essays

Essene sect

Essouan

escritoire not

EST

-oir (not ital.)

escudo/ the principal monetary unit of Portugal and Cape Verde; pi. -s

escutcheon

Ae-

a heraldic shield, a plate for key-

hole, etc.; not scut- except for 'Scutcheon

A

(Apocr.) abbr.

a long ridge of post-glacial gravel in river

Eskimo/

a native inhabitant of N. Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and E. Siberia; pi. same

Esquimau/, Yupik

or -s; in Fr.

ESN

pi. -x; prefer Inuit; see

educationally subnormal

esophag/us, -eal

(Fr.) f.

established

abbr.

EC

Establishment, the

(the values held by) the

estamin a woollen fabric, estaminet (Fr. m.) a small

not et-

cafe selling alcoholic

estanci/a

(Sp.-Amer.) a cattle farm, -ero

its

Estate/s of the Realm the Parliament of Scotland before union with England in 1707; the Three Estates Lords Spiritual (i.e. bishops, the Church of England), Lords Temporal (the House of Lords), Commons (the House of Commons); the Third French bourgeoisie the before the Revolution (cap.); the fourth

—

(OT) not to be abbr., but

for a french win-

esthet/e,

-ic use

estimator

espalier a latticework, a trained

fruit tree (not

aes-

not -er

estiv/al, -ate, -ation use aes- (except in US)

Estonia a

ital.)

Baltic republic

and former Soviet

Socialist Republic, not Esth-; in Est. Ees-

especially abbr. esp. universal language Zamenhof, 1887

artificial

L. L.

Rest of Esth.

(Apocr.)

dow

invented by

Standard Time

abbr. est.

Established Church the Church recognized by the State as the national Church (caps.),

Esther

-e Spanish

espagnolette the fastening

Esperanto an

Aswan

(US) Eastern

press (not cap.)

extrasensory perception

espagnol/

use

work

of an ancient Jewish ascetic

—

use oes- (except in US)

esp. especially

ESP

be roman quoted

keeper

valleys, not -ar

also Inuk;

esses

drinks

east-south-east

esker

pi.

established sector of society (cap.)

by Browning

Esdras, First, Second Book of 1, 2 Esd.

ESE

Blot on the

member

a

use ens-

use

s,

(typ.) cited titles to

Escorial, El Spain, not Escu-

Esculap/ius, -ian

letter

ess. essences unless published as a separate

eschscholtzia a yellow-flowered plant

esconce

electron spin resonance

ess the name of the

use shallot

timaa, or Meiemaa; Eestl, in Ger. Estland (formerly Ehstland, earlier Esthland), in Latvian

Igaunija

espieglerie roguishness (not

espionage espressivo

ital.)

estoppel spying, in

Fr.

espionnage

(mus.) with expression, not ex-

espresso an apparatus

for

making

ESU

use oe- (except in US)

English-Speaking Union

coffee

under pressure, the coffee thus produced; not exp- (not

not -pie, -pal

estr/ogen, -us

e.s.u. electrostatic unit(s)

Eszett

ital.)

esprit/ m.) genius, wit; — de corps members’ respect for a group; — de I’escalier tardy inspiration for an apt retort or clever remark; — fort a strong-minded or

(Ger.)

double

the character

IS,

representing a

s

(Fr.

free-thinking person,

pi. -s

forts

(ital.)

ET English translation ETA estimated time of arrival,

Basque sep-

movement (Euzkadi ta Azkatasuna, ‘Basque homeland and liberty’)

aratist

European Commission

eta

108

I

eta the seventh

letter

of the Gr. alphabet (H,

v)

et alibi et

and

aiii (Lat.)

etalon not

and elsewhere,

(Lat.)

abbr. ef al.

others; abbr. et

al.,

not et als.

an interference device (no accent,

(phys.)

use est-

etat-major

et cetera and other things (not ital.), abbr. etc.; comma before if more than one term precedes

etceteras

extras, sundries (one

(D,

edh OE,

case

Icel.,

and Norse

letter

also used in phonetic script; lower-

6),

OE form

properly 6; distinguish

wyn medium filling

from

thorn and

ether a

ethereal/,

a eulogy, pi. -s

also

space, not ae-

Eumenides

praise; see

myth.) the avenging Furies: and Megaera; (ital.) a play

(Gr.

Alecto, Tisiphone,

e.g.

(a not an) a plant

-ity, -iy not -ial

euphemize euphonize

wright as sing.)

Coptic Church

ethn/ic concerning races, or national or

cul-

-istic(ally); abbr.

euphem.

not -ise not -ise

(a not an) (bot.)

an agreeable sound

any plant of the genus Euphor-

including spurges

euphor/ia a feeling of well-being,

Euphues

Ethiopi/a the modern name of Abyssinia; -c the liturgical language of the Ethiopian

mild term for some-

(a not an) a

thing unpleasant,

bia,

play-

of genus Euonymus,

spindle tree

euphorbia

Etherege, Sir George (71635-91) English ethics the science of morals (treated

spoken or written

elegy; elogium

euphony all

-ise

(a not an)

euphem/ism

in the E. Mediterranean (cap.)

or (esp. US)

eulogy

euonymus

NW winds blowing each sum-

Etesian winds

mer

III (e)

by Aeschylus

word)

Eternal City, the Rome

eth

leon

eulogize not m.) a staff of military ofQcers

(Fr.

— of

Eugenie, Empress (1826-1920) wife of Napo-

eulogium/

ital.)

etamin

Euer (Ger. m.) your, abbr. Ew. Eugene/ a French given name (e); Prince Savoy (1663-1736) Austrian general

-ic

romance in affected style, 1579, by John Lyly; hence euphuism an affected a prose

or high-flown style of writing or speaking

Euratom European Atomic Energy Community Eure-et-Loir fused with

Fr. dep., Fr.

not Loire; not to be con-

dep. Eure

tural traditions; -ology, -ological abbr. ethnol.

et

hoc genus omne

(Lat.)

and

all this

kind of

eureka also

thing

ethology the study of character formation or

human etiology

or animal behaviour

etiquette (not

ital.)

Etna

Ae-

Sicily, not

(mus.) concert study

(ital.)

ital.)

etymolog/y the study of derivations; -ically, -ist, -ize; abbr.

-ical,

etym.

a root-word, pi. -a

Eu europium

(no point)

eucalypt/us

(bot.) pi.

a card

a

usually not cap.

abbr. Eur. geographically ends at the

and includes Scandinavia and the

Brit-

ish Isles

European (a not an) abbr. Eur. European Atomic Energy Community

abbr.

Euratom

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to assist formerly economies in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to make the transition to free-market economies

-uses

European Coal and Steel Community

game; not eucher, eucre

Euclid/ (c.300 bc) Athenian geometer, his treatise (cap.); -ean (cap.)

eudemon/

eurocredit, eurocurrency, euro-

deposit, euroequity, euronote) are

state-controlled

EU European Union

euchre

ital.); see

wallaroo (not cap.)

usage (eurobond,

Urals,

ital.)

etui a case for small articles such as needles,

etym/on

common

Europe

ital.)

not etwee (not

not heu- (not

(Eurocentric, Euro-sceptic, Eurotrash); terms in specialist financial or economic

ital.)

et sequen/s and the following; abbr. et seq., et sq. (not ital.); pi. -tes, n. -tia abbr. et sqq.

etude a study (not etude de concert

(it),

Euro- prefix denoting Europe(an); usually capitalized and occasionally h3^)henated

etrier a short rope ladder (not

(not

have found

eurhythmic not eury- (US) euro the single European currency, symbol €; the

use ae- (except in US)

I

heuristic

good angel;

-ic

conducive to hap-

piness, -ism a system of ethics that bases

moral obligation on the likelihood of actions producing happiness; not -dae-

established 1952 to regulate pricing, transport, etc. for the coal and steel industries of

the member countries; abbr. ECSC European Commission the initiator of European Community action and the guardian of its treaties; appointed by agreement among the governments of the European Community

European Commission

109

European Commission for Human Rights part of the Council of Europe, created under the European Convention on Human Rights to examine complaints of alleged breaches of

the Convention abbr. EC, formed from the ECSC, EEC, and Euratom; since 1993 called the European Union

European Conventions any of the

inter-

national agreements established by the Council of Europe

European Court of Human Rights

the Council of Europe, separate from the UN and EU, but working in conjunction with the European Commission for Human Rights

European Court of Justice an EU body dealing with disputes between member states European currency unit ecu European Economic Community formerly the

economic unity in Europe,

EMU

abbr.

European Organization for Nuclear Research see CERN European Parliament the Parliament of the European Community European Recovery Program the Marshall Plan to advan-

cing space research and technology; formed from the European Space Research Organization and the European Launcher Development Organization; abbr. ESA

European Union an

organization of Western European countries, formerly the European

Community europium symbol Eu Europoort

eurythmic

a

major European port

use

(Gr.

facility

near

eurhy- (except in US)

the eponymous character in a 15th-c. morality play, later applied generally to an ordinary or typical human being (cap., one word); ital. for title of the play, but Jonson’s

Every

Man

Man

out of his

in his Humour (1598) and Humour (1599)

evildoer (one word)

£w.

(Ger.)

ewe ewer

female sheep

not an) a jug

(a

Ewigkeit

ex

Euer etc. (your)

(a not an) a

(Ger.

out

(Lat.)

f.)

eternity

excluding (not

of,

ital.)

exa- prefix meaning

10^*,

exactor one who exacts, exaggeration (two gs)

exalt/ raise in rank, power, -er not -or; cf. exult

examination/ tions,

etc.;

exam,

colloq.

E

abbr.

not -er

— script the answers

praise highly;

— paper the ques-

exemplar use exemexample abbr. ex., pi. exx.; in Fr. m. exemple exanimate lifeless, depressed ex animo (Lat.) from the mind, earnestly ex ante (Lat.) as a result of something done before

exasperate

irritate, not -irate

Exc. Excellency exc.

-ed, -ion

excudit (engraved this)

Excalibur King Arthur’s sword; (not

ital.);

also

not -bar, -boor

Caiiburn

ex cathedra (Lat.) with excavator not -er

full

authority

excellence/

superiority; pi. -s, not -cies

Excellenc/y

pi. -ies (persons),

abbr. Exc.

excentric (math.) used instead of eccentric

to

myth.) the

except/, -ed, -ion abbr. exc.

-ian

exceptionable open

muse of music

electronvolt

Evans-Pritchard, Sir

Edward

not -ise

(Evan)

(1902-73) English anthropologist

evaporimeter an instrument oration, not -ometer abbr. evng.

to objection

exceptional out of the ordinary

exceptis excipiendis

evangelize inform about the gospel,

evening

word)

for ever, always (one

avoid the sense of ‘odd’

Euskar/a the Basque language,

eV

evermore Everyman

low swampy ground;

area like this in Fla.

excellent abbr. exc.

Rotterdam

Euterpe

(US) tracts of

exc. excellent; except,

European Space Agency devoted

or verso, pages set entirely in

ex. example, executed, executive

Market, now part of the EC;

abbr. EEC European Free Trade Association a trade association of countries not members of the EC, abbr. EFTA Europeanize not -ise (cap.) European Monetary/ System an EC programme designed to harmonize and stabilize member states’ currencies, as a prelude Union to monetary union, abbr. EMS; an EU programme intended to work towards full

|

small capitals

everglades

plays are Every

part of

exchangeable

Rights

even pages (typ.) the left-hand, even small caps, (typ.) word(s)

(cap.) a large

European Community

Common

Human

for

to

measure evap-

(Lat.)

with the neces-

sary exceptions

excerpt an

extract

exch. exchange, exchequer

exchange/

abbr. exch..

Stock

St. Ex.

exchangeable

not -gable

— (caps.) abbr.

exchequer

explicit

110

|

exchequer excisable

ex interest without next

abbr. exch. liable to excise duty,

removable by

existence

excision; not -eable

excise

Excise Office now Board of Customs and Excise -eable, -ability not -ibility

another; not -or

nerve stimulating part of the

(anat.) a

exclamat/ion, -ory abbrs.

excl.,

engraved

(Lat.)

ex curia

this, abbr.

out of court, not

(Lat.)

exc.

dividend; abbr. ex

div., x.d.

him

‘from the library of, a

abbr. ex-lib.

Exocet missile (propr., one cap.) exodi/um the conclusion of a drama, following

it;

a farce

Anglicized as exode;

pi. -a;

cf.

exordium a departure, esp. of a body of people; OT) the departure of Israelites from Egypt, a biblical book, abbr. Exod. (cap.,

ex dividend without next

depart’, a formal leave of tem-

porary absence;

pi.)

ital.);

exodus

not -eable

ex-directory (hyphen)

‘let

or outside the law

comes

-d

a detailed discussion of a special point in a book (usually in an appendix) or a digression in a narrative, pi. -es (not ital.)

exeat/

stage direction) he, or she, goes out,

exeunt they go out (ital.); see also exeat ex/ lege (Lat.) arising from law, — lex beyond

ex new without the right to new shares; abbr. ex n., x.n. ex nihilo nihil fit (Lat.) out of nothing, nothing

excursus/

excusable

(Lat.

pi.

bookplate (not

exclam,

exclamation mark not — point (US) excreta (pi.) excreted matter (not ital.) excudit

exit

cap.)

out, pi. -s

ex-libris (sing, and

body, not -er

int.,

not -ance

way

exit/ a

exciter one who, or that which, excites; (elec.) an auxiliary machine supplying current for

exciter

ex

existentialism the philosophy that individuals are free and responsible agents determining their own development (not

(verb) not -ize

excit/able not

interest; abbr.

x.i.

pi. -s

(not

ital.); see

also exit;

ex ex

officiis (Lat.)

by virtue of

official positions

officio by virtue of one’s official position

(not

ital.)

exon an

officer of the Yeomen of the Guard Exon: the signature of the Bishop of Exeter

exit

execut/ed, -ive

abbr. ex.

execut/or one who

carries out a plan etc.; (law)

a person appointed to execute a will, not abbr. exor.;

f.

-er;

abbr. exrx., pi. -rices

-rix,

exege/sis an explanation,

pi.

-ses (not

ital.);

-tic

exempiaire (Fr. n.) Exemplar

m.) a specimen, a copy; (Ger.

esp. a

mor-

-s (not ital.)

Exeter

ceremony

(not

ital.)

not -ize

in Lat. Exonia, abbr. Exon.; see also Exon:

exeunt/

see exit,

they

leave

all

— omnes (Lat. stage direction)

ex gratia voluntary exhibitor not

(not

ex hypothesi

ital.)

-er

(Lat.)

-ing, -ion

according to the hypothesis

proposed

exigen/cy urgency,

exiguous

exp. export,

urgent

small, scanty

(typ.)

a type with unusually

(law) in the interests of one side only or of an interested outside party

ex pede Herculem

(Lat.)

judge from the

sample

expedient advantageous, advisable on tical

prac-

rather than moral grounds; suitable

expeditious acting or done with speed and efficiency, suited for swift performance

expendable able to be expense not -ce experimenter not -or

sacrificed

expertise (noun) expert judgement expertize

(verb) give (Lat.)

skill,

knowledge, or

an expert opinion, not believe one

who

it

explicit

abbr. expl.

(Lat.) (here)

clusion (of a book)

-ise

has tried

expi/ate, -able

explanation -t

-ise

a dis-

-ation, -ed; express

experto crede

exhiiarat/e enliven;

from, not

ex parte abbr. e.g.

exequatur/ an official recognition by a foreign government of a consul or other agent, pi. a funeral

evil spirit

exordium/ the introductory part of course, pi. -s; cf. exodium

wide face

alizing or illustrative story; pi. -a

(pi.)

exorcize expel an

expanded type

exemplar a pattern, not exaexemple (Fr. m.) example exempli gratia (Lat.) for example, exempl/um an example or model,

exequies exercise

(colon)

exor. executor

ends; as noun, the con-

export

Ill

word); but Extra-Mural Studies (of

export/, -ation, -ed abbr. exp.

expose

an explanation, exposure (not

expositor one who expounds,

ex post facto

(Lat.) after

ex-president

ital.)

not -er

extremum/

use es-

see

extroversion

of a function,

by the absence of contrary

evidence -ly;

extinct,

extra, extract

extempore

extendible

exuviae vow,

preparation (not

extemporize extender not

triumphant;

cf.

(Lat.)

judge from the sample

cast coverings of animals

ex-voto/ an offering made in pursuance of a

use ecs-

(adj., adv.)

feel

exalt

ex ungue leonem

ext. extension, exterior; external,

extasy, extatic

or mini-

pi. -s

extrover/sion, -sive, -t, -ted not extra- (except in Jungian psychology)

exult be greatly joyful,

(Lat.)

maximum

(math.) the

mum value

exrx. executrix

ex sUentio

not -ious

extraterritorial not under local jurisdiction,

extraversion

not -able

expressive (mus.) expresso use es-

uni-

not exter-

(caps, as title)

abbr. exp.

expressible

Brit,

versities)

extraneous brought in from outside, extrasensory perception abbr. ESP

not -er

the fact

expostulator one who remonstrates,

express

Ezra I

pi. -s

unprepared, without

exx. examples

ital.)

Exxon Corporation formerly Standard Oil of New Jersey

not -ise

Esso, originally

-or

not -able, but in general use extens-

Exzellenz

(Ger.

f.)

Excellency, abbr. Exz.; not

Exc-

ibie not -able

extension abbr. ext. extensor a muscle, not -er extent (typ.) the amount of printed expressed in ens (see en) or pages, a given batch of copy

Eyck

space, filled

by

-ly abbr. ext.

externalize not

externe

Van Eyck

eyeing

not eying

— level

eye muscles

hyphen when

(two words)

eye/patch, -piece

day-pupil

exterritorial use extra-

destroys completely, not -er

(optics),

-shadow, -sight

(one word)

eye socket

extinct abbr. ext.

who

(two words,

attrib.)

eye/lid, -liner (one word)

-ise

a non-resident hospital physician, a

extirpator one

-fui,

eye/lash (one word) eye/ lens,

exterior abbr. ext. external/,

see

eye/ball, -bath, -bright, -brow, -glass (one word)

(two words)

eye/sore, -wash, -witness (one word)

extol/, -led, -ler, -ling

eyot an

extra, extract abbr. ext.

eyrie not aerie, eyry

extractable

eyrir a coin of Iceland, one-hundredth of a krona; pi. aurar

extractor

not -ible

not -er

extra/marital outside marriage, -mural outside the scope of ordinary teaching (one

islet, use ait

Ezekiel (OT) abbr. Ezek.

Ezra

(OT) not to be abbr.

F Fahrenheit,

factorize not

farad, (on timepiece regu-

fail,

factotum/

lator) fast, (pencils) fine, fiuorine, (photog.)

focal length, (math.) function, the sixth of a series

formul/a,

proper names with this beginning ff f femto-, (math.) f.

except those

initial

factum est

(Lat.) it is

done -ae;

pi.

not faefilly,

fado/ a Portuguese folk song,

f-number), (meteor.) fog, following, franc, fi'ee, from, furlong (cf.

space between abbr. and amount),

see also

faec/es faerie

f (mus.) forte (loud): (Du.) guilder(s) (no point,

(Lat.) fortasse

attends

an act or deed, a statement of

(law)

facul/a a bright solar spot or streak,

*

farthing, fathom, female, feminine,

FA

who

ital.)

the facts: pL -s

-ae; Friday, all

function

(photog.) focal length

f.

to everything, pi. -s (not

factum/

F. fair. Fellow, felon;

-ise

a servant or employee

excrement,

(pi.)

(arch.,

and

poet.) fairyland, the (realm

of) fairies, esp. as

fl.

(perhaps), (Ger.) fur (for)

pi. -s

not feces (US)

-al;

represented by Spenser in

The Faerie Queene, 1590-6; not faery, faerie, fairy

Federation Aeronautique, Fine Art, Football Association (statistics) factor analysis, (Fr.)

Faeroe/ Isles Danish, Faeroes,

adj.

in N. Atlantic; use the Faeroese; in Dan. Faeroerne,

Fa. Florida, use Fla.

in Faeroese Foroyar, in

fa (mus.) use fah

Ger. Farder, -se the language of the Faeroes

FAA Air

(US) Federal Aviation Administration, Fleet

Arm

Faber

&

fag end (two words) faggot/ a bundle of sticks

Fabian/ism,

name

ball; (Brit.) derog.

Faber publishers

derog.

-ist (cap.)

les lies Faroe, in

Fr.

name

for a

etc.,

a seasoned meat-

for a

woman,

(US)

male homosexual; not fagot

(US): -ted, -ting (one t in US), -y

fabliau/ a metrical tale in French poetry,

tabula in

Lat.

the

lit.

name

pi.

-x

for several types of

and fahula palliata; in Russ. Formalism, the ‘raw material’ of a play, e.g. fabula Atellana

see also

facet/ one side or aspect; -ed, -ing not

-tt-

facetiae pleasantries, witticisms; (in book-selling) pornography (not ital.)

facilis

easy

(Lat.) easily

is

(Fr.)

(ital.)

Averno)

(Lat.)

non verba

(Lat.)

pi. -s; abbr.

facs.; see

by, or inclined to, fac-

tion

factitious specially contrived,

artificial

factorial (math.) (of) the product of a number and all the whole numbers below it (factorial symbol (as in 4!) four =

4x3x2xl):

fair

and square

(no hyphens except

copy

abbr.

fair

f.

when

a transcript free

from corrections,

co.

game

(two words)

fairground (one word) Fair Isle Shetland, and knitting design fair/

name, — play, — rent, — sex

fairway

(two words)

not fare- (one word)

fairy/ story,

— tale

(two words, hyphen

!

when

attrib.)

accompli an accomplished accomplis (not ital.)

fait

deeds, not words

factional of or characterized by faction, belonging to a faction

factious characterized

fair abbr. F.

fairyland (one word)

mere form of words

facsimile/ an exact copy, also fax

fay-

fair-spoken (hyphen)

the descent to Avernus

fagon de parler

facta,

best

{not

fai-,

faint ruled (paper) use feint

fair

general aspect, features

descensus Averni

not

idle, idler (not ital.)

attrib.)

facia/ the instrument panel of a motor vehicle, or any similar panel or plate for operating machinery; the upper part of a shopfront with the proprietor’s name etc.; pi. -s; cf. fascia

facile princeps

system, not fa

FAIA Fellow of the Association of International

faineant

surface of type, the design of a particular font

geol.)

sol-fa

abbr. F

faience glazed pottery;

fax

fagade (not ital.) face (t3rp.) the printing

facies (med.,

Fahrenheit

Accountants

story’s events; cf. sjuzet,

fac. facsimile, use facs.;

fah (mus.) in the tonic

fact, pi. faits

faith heal/er, -ing (two words)

Faizabad Uttar Pradesh,

India; not Fyz-

fakir a Muslim or (rarely) Hindu religious mendicant or ascetic, not the many variants (Arab. fakir)

falafel use fela- (except in US)

Falang/e, -ism,

movement

-ist (a

in Spain;

member

cf.

of) the Fascist

Phalange

I

fold- (one

faldstool not

far. farriery, farthing

word)

Falernian wine of ancient Campania Falkland/ Islands vinas; Viscount

Falk

Laws

S.

—

1874-5,

farad/

Atlantic, in Sp. Islas Mal-

= autumn

fall (US)

anti-Catholic laws

(although both terms are

Manuel de

(1876-1946) Spanish com-

poser

—

—

—

farandole a

fareway

lively

joker,

Provencal dance or

fallallery

Far from the Madding Crowd

Fallodon, Edward, Viscount Grey of

Gray’s Elegy)

(1862-1933) English statesman, not -en

farinaceous

fallout (noun) (one word)

falsa lectio falsetto/

falucca

(Lat.)

a false reading, abbr.

f.l.

pi. -s

Faro

FAM

Free and Accepted Masons familiar, family

familiarize not

farouche

see also

botany; zoology

an attendant on a magician or

(hist.)

scholar, pi.

-es (not

its

music,

pi.

ital.)

Faneuil Hall a historic building, Boston, Mass,

fanfaronade arrogant

talk, not -nnade; in Fr.

fanfaronnade

fanny/

(Brit, coarse si.) the female genitals, (US the buttocks; usually considered a taboo word in Britain, but mild slang in the USA pack (US) = bumbag (two words) si.)

—

fantasia/ (mus.) a free composition (not

ital.),

pi. -s

-ise

fantasmagoria

use

-tee

painter

marionettes

First

wards of the

farthing abbr.

f.,

fakir

(esp.

far.

FAS

Fellow of the Anthropological Society, low of the Antiquarian Society

Fas Arab,

for

fasces (pi.) power

a

Fel-

Fez bundle of rods, the symbol of

(archit.) a

long

fiat

surface between classical

ends of

rafters; pi. -ae; cf.

facia

fascicle an instalment of a book, usually not complete in itself; a bunch or bundle; not -icule (anat.) a

bundle of

fibres, pi.

(of

-i

-ist (noun, adj.), -istic (adj.) cap.

referring to the principles

and organ-

movement when referring generally to any similar movement Fassbinder, (Rainer) Werner (1946-82) Gerization of the extreme nationalist

Aid Post -ir use

— Without

Farsi the modern Persian language of Iran

when

Food and Agriculture Organization

faqu/eer,

(1831-1903)

Giroux publishers (one

Farringdon/ Within, City of London

Fasc/ism,

use ph-

UN), for the attention of

FAR

&

Dean

farriery horse-shoeing, abbr. far.

fascicul/us (It.)

fara-; pi. -s

Farrar, Frederick William, English divine and writer

architecture, or a fiat surface covering the

Fantin-Latour, Henri (1836-1904) French

FAO

farrago/ a hotchpotch, not

ital.)

Irish dramatist

mouldings on the architrave in

Fanti (of or relating to) (a member of) a tribe native to Ghana, the language of this people;

fantoccini

Faeroe

Farquhar, George (1678-1707)

fasci/a

phantas-

fantas/t, -y not ph-

-te,

use

far-sighted having foresight, prudent; US, one word) = long-sighted

fanlight (one word)

fantasize not

dolce

comma)

(two words)

a Spanish dance or

see also

sullen from shyness (not

Farrar, Straus

-i

fan/ belt, — club, — dance

fandango/

—

—

—

famul/us

doing nothing;

Canada, Chad, Portugal

Faroe Denmark,

-ise

family abbr. fam.;

(It.)

Brazil,

Faro Sweden

famillel a Chinese enamelled porcelain with a jaune, noire, predominant colour, e.g. verte rose,

—

not Farr-

Islands N. Sea; not Farn, Fearne, Feme

far niente

high-falutin

see

from

farm/hand, -house, -stead, -yard (one word)

Fame

use fel-

a novel by

(orig. a line

starchy, not -ious

Faringdon Oxon.,

fam.

fantom

ital.)

far/-fetched, -flung (hyphens) Hardy, 1874; not Maddening

not

music

use fair-

fallible liable to err, not -able

falutin

its

wag, writer of farces (not

farewell (one word)

fal-lal a piece of finery, not fallol; collective

noun

Faraday/, Michael (1791-1867) English chemeffect constant, ist; cage,

farceur a

used in US) Falla,

a unit of capacitance, abbr. F (no

(elec.)

point); -ic current inductive, induced; not -aic

German

introduced by Adalbert Falk

f.

Fassbinder

faldstool

113

in Italy (1922-43); lower case

man

film actor, director,

and writer

Fastenseen

Federalist

114

|

Fastens/-een, -eve, -even

(Sc.)

Shrove Tues-

day, not Feastings-

Fastnacht

(Ger.

FBI Shrove Tuesday

f.)

FBCS FBIM

FBOA

Fates, the Three

FC

myth.) Atropos, Clotho,

and Lachesis Father/

(relig.)

father-in-law

abbr. Fr.; the pi.

— as Deity (cap.)

father of (the) chapel

fathom

abbr.

f.,

agement

land) •

Church

(of Scotland)

Fellow of the Institute of Chartered

Accountants in England and Wales

FCC

(or Ire-

(off.)

(US) Federal

Communications Com-

mission

chapel

see

Fellow of the British Optical Association

Football Club, Free

FCA

fathers-in-law (hyphens)

fatherland (one word)

Bureau of Investigation

Fellow of the British Institute of Man-

fata Morgana a mirage seen in the Straits of Messina (ital.) (Gr.

Fellow of the British Computer Society

(US) Federal

FCGI Fellow

fm.

of the City and Guilds of London

Institute

fatigu/able, -e, -ed, -ing

FCIA

Fatiha the short first sura of the Koran, used by Muslims as a prayer; not -hah

Fatimid

descendant of Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad; a member of a dynasty ruling in N. Africa in the 10th-12th cc.; not -mite

FCIB Fellow of the Corporation of Insurance

a

fatstock livestock fattened

for slaughter (one

word)

Fellow of the Corporation of Insurance

Agents Brokers

FCII Fellow of the Chartered Insurance

FCMA

Fellow of the Institute of Cost and Man-

agement Accountants

fatwa

(in Islamic countries) an authoritative ruling on a religious matter (not ital.)

FCO f.

faubourg

a generic (Parisian) suburb, cap.

(Fr.)

when with Faulkland

the

full

name

a character in Sheridan’s Tne Rivals

Faulkner/, William (1897-1962) US

novelist,

-ian

Foreign and

CO.

FCP

faun/ (Rom. myth.) a rural pi. -s

(not

Fellow of the College of Preceptors

fcp. foolscap

FCS see FRSC FCSA Fellow of the

animals of a region states-

(Fr.)

for

want of a

better alter-

native

armchair, membership of the

(Fr.)

French Academy;

Fauves, Les

a

pi. -s

group of painters led by Matisse;

fauv/ism, -ist (concerning) the style of painting associated with them (not cap.)

faux pas

a blunder, tactless mistake; (two words, not ital.) (Port.)

pi.

same

a Brazilian shack, slum, or shanty

(Defender of the Faith)

(UK) First Division (Civil Servants) Associ-

ation (cf AFDCS); (US) Food and Drugs

Administration (US) Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-

poration

Fe ferrum (iron) (no point) Fearne Islands use Fame feasible practicable, not -able

Feastings-

use

Fastens-

feather bed (noun, two words;

verb, hyphen)

feather-brain (hyphen)

feather edge (two words)

town favour/, -able,

Fawkes, Guy

-ite,

-itism not favor- (US)

(1570-1606) Catholic rebel and

young

fax (dispatch)

deer, its colour; (verb) grovel (a

copy produced by) facsimile

transmission via electronic scanning (not cap.); see also facs.

fayence

featherfew

use fever-

featherweight paper

a light but bulky

book

paper

conspirator a

Fellow of the College of Speech Ther-

fidei defensor

FDIC

fauteuil/

fawn

FD

FDA

Faure, Gabriel (1845-1924) French composer

favela

FCST

apists

man mieux

Institute of Chartered Sec-

and Administrators

Fellow of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy

ital.)

Faure, Fran9ois Felix (1841-99) French

faute de

Office

FCSP

deity, pi. -s

(collective sing.) the

or epoch,

Commonwealth

copy

fair

retaries

fauit-find/er, -ing (hyphen)

fauna/

Insti-

tute

use fai-

FBA Fellow of the British Academy, not FRBA FBAA Fellow of the British Association of Accountants and Auditors

February

abbr. Feb.

fecal, feces use fae- (except in US)

fecerunt

(Lat. pi.)

made

this, abbr.

ff.

fecial use fetfecit (Lat.) made this, abbr. fee. fedayeen Arab guerrillas (pi.), in fida'iyin

Federalist abbr. Fed.

colloq. Arab.

federalize

115

fete |

federalize not

-ise

— —

simple fee/ (law) an inherited estate of land, tail estate unlimited as to class of heir, estate so limited (two words); see also fief

feed/back, -stock (one word) feeoff/ use

-ee use feoffee

fief,

-ment

feff/ use fief,

Fehmgericht/

a medieval

pl.)

German

(Ger.

meaning

-ora (not

fencible able

to

10

abbr.

f

-oral

ital.);

be fenced,

(hist.,

noun) a

sol-

home service; not -able Fenelon, Fran9ois de Salignac de La Mothe (1651-1715) French ecclesiastic and dier liable only for

small hole in a bone

(anat.) a

-ae (not

pl.

etc.,

ital.)

feng shui

in Chinese thought, a system of influences in natural surroundings (not ital.)

-e

Feilding the family name of the Earl of Denbigh: see also Fiefeint (noun) a

sham

fenugreek

attack, (verb) pretend

feoff/ee (hist.) one enfeoffed, not feeo-; -ment act of enfeoffing; see also enfeoff; fee; fief

felafel not fala- (US), in Arab, falafil

feld/spar a rock-forming mineral, not

felspar;

member

of Felibrige, a school of

Provencal writers

Fell a general term used to describe the type-

and ornaments secured by John Fell Dean of Christ Church and Bishop

(1624-86)

of Oxford fellah/ an Egyptian peasant;

Fellini,

wild (of animals),

(law, adj.)

lit-

pl. -in, not

-s,

-een;

Fulahs

Federico

Ferd. Ferdinand

Ferdausi

Felixstowe Suffolk

see also

ferae naturae

erally ‘of a wild nature’

-spathic

Felibre a

leguminous plant, not foenu-

a

feoff use fief

feint ruled (paper) not faint

faces

pl.

fenestr/a

secret

Vehmgericht;

tribunal, Anglicized as

a prefix

fem/ur

writer, not Fene-

feoffment

use

femto-

(1920-93) Italian film

venomous snake

(Cent,

Ferghana Cent. Asia, not -gana Feringhee in the Orient, a European, Portuguese; not the many variants

Fermanagh fermata

(not Fr-)

use Fir-

fer de lance a Amer.)

and

S.

esp. a

county of N. Ireland, abbr. Ferm.

a

an unspecified prolongation of

(mus.)

a note or rest, a sign indicating this

director

Fermi, Enrico (1901-54) Italian-American phys-

fellmonger

a hide dealer

felloe a wheel rim, not

Fellow

abbr.

icist

felly

in Lat. socius, in the Royal Soci-

F.;

ety sodalis

— feeling, — men

fellow/ citizen, words)

Feme

(two

Ferrari,

felly use felloe

de se

(Anglo-Lat.) suicide, pl. fe/os

felon abbr.

Islands

Ferrara/ Italy; swordsmith

fellow-traveller (hyphen)

fe/o

Fermi-Dirac-Sommerfeld law fermium symbol Fm

de se

use

—

,

(en rules)

Fame

Andrea

Paolo (1822-89)

(16th

c.)

Italian

Italian dramatist

Ferrero, Guglielmo (1871-1942) Italian

his-

torian

F.

ferret/, -ed, -er, -ing

felspar use felds-

felucca not

a small

Ferris

Mediterranean sailing

vessel;

fal-, fil-

fem. feminine

female (bot., zool., sociology) abbr. f., sign $ feme/ (law) wife, not -mme; — covert a married woman; — sole a woman without a husband, widow, or

e.g. spinster,

words): see also

Femgericht feminine

f.,

lady’s

(not

maid;

pl. -s

also

femme/ galante

ferule a cane or rod for punishment (one

(Fr.

(her.)

a horizontal stripe across the fesse;

— point (two

not -ise f.)

chambermaid, see also

feme

woman

feme f.)

r);

words)

de chambre',

(Fr.

fertilize not -ise

middle of a shield, not

fatale a dangerously attractive

ital.); see

ferrum iron, symbol Fe ferryman (one word)

fess/

Fehm-

fern,

femme/ de chambre

(one cap.)

also ferrule

feminize make feminine,

femme

divorcee (two

femme

(Ger.) use

abbr.

(esp.)

wheel

ferrule a metal cap or band on the end of a stick or tube (two rs); not ferrel, ferule

— incom— savante

a prostitute,

prise an unappreciated woman, a learned woman; see also feme

festa

(It.)

festival

Festiniog Railway Wales, not FfestFestschrift/ (Ger. f.) a collection of writings published in honour of a scholar, pl. -en (cap., not ital.)

feta

cheese

not -tta

fet/e entertainment, -ed (not

ital.)

see

fetB

champetre

fiddle-de-dee

116

\

fete

champetre an outdoor

entertainment, a

FFPS

Fellow of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons

rural festival (not cap.); Fete-Dieu feast of

Corpus Christi, hyphen)

pi.

Fetes-Dieu

(ital.,

caps.,

fetid ill-smelling, not foe-ich, -iche; -eer,

fetor a bad smell, not fet/us

-uses;

pi.

-al,

-ism, -ist (not

ital.)

foe-

-ation, -icide, not foe-

FG Fine Gael FGS Fellow of the FH fire hydrant

deceased; note la feue reine

(Fr.) f. -e, late,

but feu la reine

(US) Federal Housing Administration, (UK) Fellow of the Institute of Health Service Administrators

novelist

-ise

feu/ d’artifice (Fr. m.) firework, pi. -x d’artifice\ de joie a salute by firing rifles etc., pi. -x de joie

—

feu-duty (hyphen) typ.

(Fr.

f.)

AC

Institute of Actuaries

Fellow of the Institute of

Company

Octave (Fr.

feuilletage

(1821-90) French novelist

fianc/e

f.

-ee one betrothed (not

ital.)

fianchetto/ (chess) placing the bishop on long pi.

-es (not

ital.)

fianna the militia of Finn and other legendary Irish kings; Fianna/ (pi.) the Fenians, Eireann the Fenians of Ireland, Fail an

—

—

typ. m.) leaf, (Fr.

FIAI Fellow of the Institute of Industrial and Commercial Accountants

diagonal,

sheet

and playwright feuillet/

FI

fiacre a four-wheeled cab

feudalize make feudal, not

Feuillet,

Fellow of the Heraldry Society

Accountants

feud, feudal

feuille

FHS

FIA Fellow of the

Feuchtwanger, Lion (1884-1958) German

Geological Society

FHA

feu/ (Sc.) a perpetual lease at a fixed rentytthe land so held; pi. -s feu/

Fellow of the Faculty of Radiologists

Ffrangcon-Davies, David (Thomas) (1855-1918) Welsh baritone, not ff-, -^on

fetial ambassadorial, not fee-

fetish/ not

FFR

— blanc blank leaf

cook, m.) puff pastry

Irish political party

F.I.Arb. Fellow of the Institute of Arbitrators

feuiileton fiction, criticism, light literature, etc. (not ital.); in Fr. m. the part of newspaper etc. devoted to this

FIAS Fellow Surveyor Member of the

Feulhs

fiasco/ a failure,

use

feverfew

Fulahs

(bot.)

a herb. Chrysanthemum par-

thenium: not feather-, fetter-, -foe

fevrier

(Fr.

m.) February, abbr. fev. (not cap.)

Fez Morocco; fez/ a cap,

FF

-zes (not

ital.);

Fr.

Fes

-zed

(Most Fortunate Brothers), French Franc

Fail,

cap. Ff in Welsh, a separate letter, not to be

divided, alphabetized after ‘f ff (typ.) as initial letters for a

folios;

following pages

proper name,

etc. (pi.)

formal authorization (not

fiat a

fiat/ Justitia (Lat.) let justice

preferred to

(Ital-

ital.)

be done,

— lux

there be light

FIB Fellow of the

Institute of Bankers

F.I.Biol. Fellow of the Institute of Biology

fibre/board, -glass (one word) not fibrin blood protein appearing as

follow the bearer’s preference in capitalization: ffolkes, Fforde, Ffowes, fffench ff.

pi. -s

Fiat Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torino ian motor car, company, and factory)

let

Felicissimi Fratres

Fianna ff,

pi.

in Arab. Fas, in

Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors

-er (US)

network of

fibres, not -ine

fibui/a a leg bone, a brooch;

pi.

-ae

FICE Fellow of the

Institute of Civil Engineers

fiche a microfiche,

pi.

same

et seqq.

fichu a woman’s small triangular neckerchief ff (mus.) fortissimo (very loud), to

special

be set as a

(not

ital.)

music sort in scores

FICS Fellow of the ff.

fecerunt

FFA

Fellow of the Faculty of Actuaries (Scot-

land)

FFAS

Fellow of the Faculty of Architects and Surveyors

Institute of Chartered Ship-

brokers, Fellow of the International College

of Surgeons fictile of pottery

fic/tion, -titious abbr. fict.

fictionalize not

-ise

Ffestiniog Wales, not Festfictive/ly,

loud as possible), to be set as a special music sort in scores

-ness

fff (mus.) fortississimo (as

F.F.Hom. Fellow of the Faculty of Homoeopathy

FID Fellow of the fidalgo

(Port.)

Institute of Directors

a noble

fiddle-de-dee nonsense (h5q)hens)

Fidei Defensor

117

Fidei Defensor (Lat.) Defender of the Faith; abbr. FD, Fid. Def.

Punica

fides

fidget/, -ed,

(Lat.)

-ily,

Punic

bad

faith,

-ing, -y (one

filagree use Fildes, Sir

faith

Achates

not filamort, filmot, phil-

follower

filibeg

many

a kilt, not the

(Sc.)

Institution of Electrical

filibuster not

Engineers feoff; see also enfeoff; fee;

field/-book, -cornet (hyphens) field/ day,

— glasses

filing

(two words)

hockey (US) =: hockey Fielding, Henry (1707-54) English

—

cabinet (two words)

Filipin/as Sp. for Philippine Islands; (m.) (f -a(s) native(s) of the islands; see also

field

)

novelist; see

caps, as title) abbr.

-o(s), Fili-

pino

de/ maid,

chambre

lady’s

pi. filles

a

fiiie

also Fei-

marshal (two words,

fill-

ornamental metallic lacework, -d; not letter (typ.) an initial with filifila-, file-; gree background

filigree/

land held by tenant of a superior, not feoffee

fief (hist.)

(Fr. f.) chambermaid, joie de chambre’,

prostitute

FM field officer (two words, caps, as title) abbr.

FO

m. filet;

fillet/ in Fr.

fillibeg use

fieldwork/, -er (one word)

-ed, -ing

fili-

Fiennes, Sir Ranulph (Twisleton-Wykeham)

filling

station (two words)

1944) English explorer (one hyphen);

fillip/

a stimulus; -ed, -ing

(b.

variants; in

Gaelic feileadh-beag

FIEE Fellow of the

field

of meat or fish

filfot use fy-

a trusty friend, devoted

(Lat.)

(1844-1927) English painter

filet (cook.) a fillet

to

enable aeroplanes to land fidus

fili-

Luke

filemot a yellowish-brown, ‘dead leaf colour;

t)

Fide Fog Intensive Dispersal Operation,

also

fieri

finesse \

see

TWisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes

facias

abbr.

fi.

(Lat.) ‘see

that

it is

fillipeen use philippina

done’, a writ;

fa.

FIFA International Football Federation

(Fr.

fillister a

kind of plane tool (two

filmot use

file-

filmsetting

Federation internationale de football asso-

(typ.)

typesetting

Is)

on photographic

film (one word)

ciation) filo a

FIFST Fellow of the

Institute of

Filofax (propr.)

and Technology

column, columnist (two words, not

fifth/

Fifth/

cap.)

Monarchy

the last of the five great kingpredicted in Dan. 2: 44 (two caps.);

doms monarchy-man

(hist.)

a 17th-c. zealot

expecting the immediate second coming of Christ (one cap., hyphens) fift/y,

(hist.)

filoselle fioss silk (not

now thirty-year rule

fils’;

see also

bolizing a fact etc.

figural figurative, relating to figures or shapes, (mus.) fiorid in style

figurant/ (Fr. m.) ballet dancer appearing only in a group, pi. -s; f. -e, pi. -es; in It. (m. or f.) -e, pi.

filucca use

figure/

(t}^.)

a numeral, esp. arable;

an

illus-

tration, abbr. fig., pi. figs,

figurehead (one word) figure skat/er, -ing (two words)

FINE Fellow of the

Institute of Health Edu-

fel-

Fin. Finland, Finnish

finable liable to a fine finale a conclusion (not

ital.)

-ise

de/ siecie (Fr. f.) (characteristic of) the end of the (19th) century, decadent; millenaire (characteristic of) the end of the mil-

fin

lennium fine (mus.) end of the piece

champagne

old liqueur brandy

F.I.Inst. Fellow of the Imperial Institute

FIJ use FJI

fine-paper edition abbr. FP

W.

Pacific; adj.

otherwise

Fiji

-an only of Polynesians,

Man-

and Brokers Association

Fine Gael an

Fiji/

-paper

philtre

F.I.Mech.E. Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers

fine

cation

cf.

(UK) Financial Intermediaries,

finalize not

-I

separating solid matter from

liquid, -able not filtrable; -bed,

agers,

figura a person or thing representing or s5on-

pere

filter/ a device for

FIMBRA

fig. figure; figurative, -ly

ital.)

m.) son, junior, added to a surname to distinguish a son from a father, as ‘Dumas

fiis (Fr.

(hyphens);

-ieth symbol L

fifty-year rule

thin pastry, not phyllo (US)

Food Science

fines

Irish political party

herbes mixed herbs used

finesse subtlety (not

ital.)

in cooking

comb

fine-tooth

comb

fine-tooth

fistula

118

|

(one hyphen)

fire

fingerboard (one word) finger

bowl

insurance (two words)

-man

fire/light,

Firenze

(two words)

(It.)

(one word)

Florence

finger/mark, -nail (one word)

fire-opal a girasol (hyphen, two words in US)

finger/-paint, -painting, -plate (hyphens, two words in US)

fireplace (one word)

finger/print, -tip (one word)

fire/proof, -side (one word)

finick/ing, -y over-particular, fastidious

fire

finis the

end (not

finis (Lat.) the

ital.)

end

(as

of a work), abbr.

fin.

—

Fin.

fire

Cape

Suomi

(one word)

into ice at the

snow not yet compressed head of a glacier (not ital.)

aid (two words)

first

first/-born, -class (adj.

and

(hyphens)

adv.)

variants

Finnegans Wake

first floor (two

words, hyphen as

adj.)

a novel by Joyce, 1939 (no first-fruit(s) (hyphen)

apos.)

first-hand words)

Finnish/ abbr. Fin.

Finno/-Karelia formerly the Karelian Soviet (belonging to) the group of Ural-Altaic languages including Finnish, Estonian, Sami,

(adj.,

proof

first

Socialist Republic; -Ugric (or -Ugrian)

First

firth

Sec. Financial Secretary

the

(typ.)

first

World War 1914-18

British style;

fino a light-coloured dry sherry

hyphen) but at

first

fir

impression taken

World War

an estuary, not

common common US style

(caps.) is I

is

fri-

tree (two words)

F.lnst.P. Fellow of the Institute of Physics

FIS Fellow of the Institute of

FlOB Flop

FISA Fellow of the Incorporated

Fellow of the Institute of Building

Fischer, Bobby (Robert chess grand master

fj-

melody

FI PA Fellow of the Institute of Practitioners in

Advertising

FIQS Fellow of the

Statisticians

Secretaries

Association

Fellow of the Institute of Printing

fioritura (mus.) decoration of

hand (two

first-rate (hyphen)

and Magyar

fiord use

fir.

edict, pi. -s

firn neve, granular

of Finnish descent

Fin.

-wood

firman/ an

finnan haddock smoked haddock (two words),

many

trap (two words, one word in US)

firkin/ a small cask for liquids, pi. -s; abbr.

a native or national of Finland, or a person

not the

FP

station (two words)

fire/water,

Finisterre/ a weather-forecast sea area. Spain

Finn

in US) abbr.

firestorm (one word)

Finistere a dep. of France

Finland in

word

fire-plug (hyphen, one

Institute of Quantity Sur-

James)

Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich

(b.

(b.

1925)

1943)

US

German

baritone fisgig use

fiz-

flsh/ pi. same, unless describing differing types

veyors

or species, in which case use -es fir.

firkin,

-s

Firat (Turk.) the Euphrates (undotted Frat, Furat

i);

not

Fer-,

-dousi, -dusi fire

(two words)

Andrew

(1862-1928) Australian states-

man, Prime Minister 1908-9, 1910-13, 191415; — Sir Ronald Aylmer (1890-1962) British statistician and geneticist fish finger (two words)

alarm (two words)

— rod

fishing/ line,

fire/arm(s), -back, -ball, -box, -brand (one

word) fire

cake

Fisher,/

Firbank, Ronald (1886-1926) English novelist Firdausi (7930-1020) Persian poet; not

fish

brigade (two words)

fissile able to

undergo

fire/cracker (US) an explosive firework, -dog (one word)

FIST Fellow of the

fire-drake a fire-breathing dragon in Teutonic myth. (h)^hen)

fist (typ.)

fire/ drill,

— engine, ~ escape

fire/fighter, -fighting, fire

hose

fire

hydrant

-fly,

(two words) abbr.

FH

(two words)

-guard (one word)

(two words)

(two words)

fish/monger, -net, -pot, word)

-tail,

-wife (one

fission, not fissionable

Institute of Science Tech-

nology the

or

used to draw attention

to a note

fisticuffs not

fisty-

fistul/a the opening of an internal organ to the exterior or to another organ; pi. -as, -ae (not

ital.)

n

119

I

fit

past fitted (except in US)

fit

(arch.) a section

flambeau/

name of the Duke of (1809-83) English poet and translator (one word); , George Francis (1851-1901) Irish physicist, devised the contraction, in full Lorenztheory of FitzGerald contraction (en rule); cap. G Leinster;

—

,

Edward

—

—

Fitzgerald,/ Ella (1918-96) poser;

US

US

singer and com-

— F(rancis) Scott (Key)

novelist,

lower-case

surname

(1896-1940)

Cambridge

mend, prepare

fixed star (astron.) sign fizgig a flirtatious

girl, a

^

(food or drink)

small firework, (Ausfis-,

arm of the

sea (not

FIJ

ital.),

(naval) Flag Lieutenant, Florida (postal abbr.)

and amount);

gulden (space between

(off.

abbr.) flaba-,

abbr.

Fl.;

in

Fl.

Vlaanderen, in

idling, idleness; -ei#r

(Fr. f.)

f.

-euse

lounger

idler, a

flannelette a cotton imitation of flannel, not

I

in US), -board (one

word)

flapjack a biscuit-like cake made from oats, golden syrup, etc.; (esp. US) a pancake flare a sudden outburst of flame, a bright light or signal, or a gradual widening; cf. flair

flash/back, -bulb (one word)

a day

— flood

(two words)

[,

(bind.) see

square back

-ware, -worm (one word)

Flaubert, Gustave (1821-80) French novelist use flanch

flautist not

(eccL, bot.) a fan, pi. -a

flut- (US)

flavour/, -ed, -ing, -less not -or (US) but

on which money

is

raised for a

F-layer the highest and most strongly ionized region of the ionosphere (one cap.)

charity by the sale of small paper flags (two words); (US, caps.) 14 June, the anniversary of

fleche

the Stars and Stripes in 1777

flection use flexion (except in US)

flageolet (mus.) a small flute, (bot.) a French kidney bean; not -elet (not ital.)

(Fr. f.)

an arrow,

Fleming

a slender spire

a native of medieval Flanders, or a

member

flag-officer (hyphen)

iting N.

of a Flemish-speaking people inhab-

and W. Belgium;

cf.

Walloon

Fleming,/ Sir Alexander (1881-1955) Scottish

flagpole (one word)

—

Ian (Lancaster) (1908-64) thriller writer and

bacteriologist, discovered penicillin;

flag-rank (hyphen) flag/ship, -staff, -stone (one word) flair instinct for selecting or

performing what

excellent, useful, etc.; a talent or ability; cf. flare

is

journalist

flense cut up,

flay (a

whale or

not -ck

(cook.) ser/ed in flames (not ital.)

seal); not -ch,

flinch

fleur-de-lis a heraldic fire,

(archit.)

fledgling not -geling

flagitious deeply criminal

flak anti-aircraft

fla-

vorous

flag-boat (hyphen)

flambe

Fr.

Flandre, in Ger. Flandern

flaunch

flack use flak

day

Flanders

flatback

flaber-

flag

negative

-ility;

flanch slope inwards, not -aunch

flat/fish,

flabbergast/, -ed dumbfound(ed), not

flabell/um

bird, pi. -s

Flamsteed, John (1646-1719) first English Astronomer Royal, 1675-1719; not -stead

flat (mus.) sign

Fellow of the Library Association

Fla. Florida

bril-

flash/gun, -light, -point (one word)

falsa lectio (a false reading)

FLA

in US)

any of various trees with

flammab/le inflammable,

flash/ burn,

see also f

flores (flowers), floruit (flourished)

f.l.

(bot.)

Flemish

florin, fluid, (Du. etc.)

fl.

ital.)

flame-thrower (hyphen, two words

flannel/led, -ling (one

fi-

abbr.

(not

-llette

fizz-

FJI Fellow of the Institute of Journalists, not fjord (Norw.) a deep

pi. -s

flameproof (one word)

an

fizz a sound, not fiz

fl.

a type of song or dance performed

by Spanish gypsies,

flan/erie

*

or

a police informer; not

FI. Flanders,

flamenco/

form = non-flammable

Five Towns, the in the novels of Arnold Bennett: Tunstall (Turnhill’), Burslem (‘Bursley’), Hanley (‘Hanbridge’), Stoke-on-Trent (‘Knype’), and Longton (‘Longshaw’); see also the Potteries

not

ital.)

liant red flowers (two words)

not Scott Fitzgerald;

— Museum

ital.)

with flame-like

flame/less, -like (one word)

flame tree

fivefold (one word)

tral. si.)

lines (not

(archit.)

flamingo/ a tropical

g

Fitzwilliam/ College,

fix (US verb)

a torch, pi. -s (not

flamboyant showy,

of a poem, not fytte

FitzGerald/ the family

FL

fleur-de-lis

fit

lily,

not fleur-de-lys,

flower-de-luce; pi. fleurs-de-lis (not

h5rphens

in

Fr.

ital.);

no

fleuret

fn.

120

|

fleuret an ornament like a small flower

flotation not

fleuron a flower-shaped ornament in a type-

flotsam and jetsam (naut.) floating wreckage and goods thrown overboard; rubbish

face, or

fleury

on

a building, coin, etc.

decorated with

(her.)

fleurs-de-lis, not -ory

float-.

flourished abbr.

fl.

(floruit)

flexible not -able

flow chart (two words, one word in US)

flexion not -ction (US)

flower-de-luce

flexitime the system of working variable hours,

FLS

not flext-

flexography

rotary letterpress tech-

(print.) a

use fleur-de-lis

Fellow of the Linnean Society not Linnae-

Flt. Lt. Flight

(off.

spelling),

Lieutenant

nique using rubber or plastic plates and

Fit.

synthetic inks or dyes for printing on fabrics, plastics, etc., as well as on paper

flu influenza (no apos.,

Sgt. Flight Sergeant

no

point)

fluffing (typ.) a release of paper fluff or dust

flibbertigibbet a gossiping or frivolous person

fliegende Hollander, Der (The Flying Dutchman) an opera by Wagner, 1843; but e.g. ‘Wagner’s Fliegender Hollander’ icle is omitted

when

the

art-

Johann Gottfried

flugelhorn (mus.) a kind of cornet

a small tuft,

(astr.)

a small

flummox

bellum;

flunkey/

-i

Flood, the in Genesis

-ise

fluky not -ey

solar cloud, (anat.) a small lobe in the cerepi.

use fuglefi.

fluidize not

floatage but flotation

confound; not

-ix,

-ux

not -ky

pi. -s,

fluoresce/, -nee, -nt be

(cap.)

(1788-1855) Ger-

lexicographer

fluid abbr.

flintlock (one word)

(Lat.)

man

flugelman

flier use flyer in all senses

floccul/us

during printing Fliigel,

made luminous

flood/gate, -light, -plain (one word)

fluoridate add fluoride to

flood tide (two words)

fiuorinate introduce fluorine into

floor in Brit, usage, the ground floor is the floor of a building at ground level, the floor above it being the first floor. In US usage, the ground floor is called the first floor, the floor above it being the second floor. Most Continental languages agree with British usage, Russian

fluorine not

with US

floor/

= standard lamp

(US)

manager,

show

-sie,

flophouse

— plan, — sample, —

(US)

-zy

may (Lat.)

it,

flourish (not

ital.)

off.

abbr. Fla., postal

floruit flor.

fl.,

(Lat.)

(not

pi.

-ae (not

ital.)

FL

(print.) a

two- or four-page tract (one

fly/weight, -wheel (one word)

FM

(Du.) f

when used

flyer not -ier

flyleaf (print.) a blank leaf at beginning or end of a book; the blank leaf of a circular (one

flysheet word)

pi. -a

field

magnet. Field Marshal, Foreign Mismodulation

sion, frequency

flourished; abbr.

ital.

Ger. Vlis-

New York

word)

-t

florilegi/um an anthology, florin abbr.

Flessingue; Queens,

flyover a bridge carrying one road or railway over another (one word)

fl.

floriat/e, -ed florally decorated, not -eate

Florida

Fr.

fluxions (math.) not -ctions

Firenze; -tine

flowers, abbr.

florescen/ce,

singen, in

fluty flutelike, not -ey

fl.

ital.)

he, she, or It.

—

flutist use flautist (except in US)

= dosshouse

(not

pi. -s

Floren/ce in flores

—

margin

City

flora/ (collective sing.) the plants of a region or

floreat

flush/ (typ.) set to the margin of columns or left, page; right text is aligned to left or

flustr/a a seaweed,

flor. floruit (flourished), prefer

epoch,

fluorspar (chem.) calcium fluoride as mineral

Flushing the Netherlands, in Du. and (one word)

(two words)

floozie not

exam-

for X-ray

ination, with fluorescent screen

right

floor/board, -cloth (one word)

floorlamp

-in, symbol F fluoroscope an instrument

fl.

(preferable),

as noun); use only to

precede approx, date of activity for a person

whose birth or death date

is

unknown:

‘Wil-

liam of Coventry (fl. 1360)’, ‘Edward Fisher (fl. 1627-56)’, ‘Ralph Acton (fl. 14th c.)’; see also circa

Fm

fermium (no

point)

fm. fathom

FMS

Fellow of the Medical Society

fn. footnote, but prefer n. (except in contexts

requiring a distinction between footnotes and other notes)

f-number

121

f-number

(photog.) the ratio of the focal length

to the effective

FO

forebode |

diameter of a lens

Field Officer, (naval) Flag Officer, (RAF) Fly-

ing Officer,

in UK) Foreign Office

(hist.,

FOC

on board

father of the chapel;

focalize not

see

a dish of melted cheese, eggs, choc-

fons et origo

source and origin

(Lat.)

font a receptacle in a church for baptismal water; (typ.) a set of type of one face or size; cf. fount

fo. folio

f.o.b. free

fondue

olate, etc.; not -du

(e.g. f5)

Fontainebleau dep. Seine-et-Marne, France

chapel

fontanelle not

-ise

-el

(US)

Foch, Ferdinand (1851-1929) French general

Fontarabia

fo’c’sie use forecastle

Fonteyn, Dame Margot (1919-91) English prima ballerina, born Margaret Hookham

focus/

foci

pi. -es, (sci.)

focus/ed, -es, -ing not

foehn use fohn foenugreek use

use Fuenterr-

foodstuff (one word) -uss-

foolproof (one word)

foolscap

fe-

Foerster, Friedrich Wilhelm (1869-1966) German philosopher and political writer

a former size of paper, 17 x 13

foot 30.48 cm;

now

abbr. (sing,

and

pi.) ft,

sign

^ ';

foot-and-mouth disease (hyphens)

foetus

foot/baii, -board, -brake, -bridge, -hills, -hold, -lights (one word)

fog (meteor.) abbr.

f.

Foggj Phileas the hero of J. Verne’s Around World

in Eighty

not

in scientific use

foet/id, -or use feuse fe-

in.

the

Days

footline, running (typ.) a running headline set at the foot of a page

foot/loose,

foggy obscured by fog fog/y one with antiquated notions; not

footnote -ey, -ie;

-man

(typ.)

(one word)

a note printed at the foot of a

page; see also reference

marks

pi. -ies

fohn

a

FOIA foie

warm

(US)

(Fr.

foot/pad, -path, -plate, -print, -rest (one word)

Alpine south wind, not foehn

Freedom of Information Act

Foots Cray London Footscray Victoria,

m.) liver

Fokine, Michel (1880-1942) Russian-born US ballet dancer and choreographer

Australia

foot/sore, -step, -stool, -way, -wear, -work (one word)

fol. folio (use fo.), following

for. foreign, forestry

one word (e.g. numerals (10-fold)

-fold as a suffix forms

except after

threefold), f.o.r. free

fold-out an oversize page in book, unfolded by the reader (hyphen)

forbade

ital.)

(t)q).) a sheet of MS or TS copy; a page number; a book based on two leaves, four

folio/

pages, to the sheet; pi.

foii/um

(Lat.)

folk/ art,

-s; as

verb, -ed not

-’d;

a leaf, pi. -a

— dance

(two words)

folk-like (hyphen, one

word

in US)

folkior/e, -ism, -ist, -istic (one word)

folk singer (two words, one word in US)

song

rail

(anat., bot.) (arch.,

(two words)

orifice, pi. -ina

raid, not forrsee

forbid

for/bear abstain, past -bore, past cf. forebear

part, -borne;

Forbes-Robertson, Sir Johnston for/bid past -bade, past part, -bidden, present part, -bidding

force majeure (Fr. f.) irresistible compulsion or coercion, an unforeseeable course of events excusing a person from the fulfilment of a contract

forcemeat meat and seasoned,

or vegetables finely chopped

not forced- (one word)

folk tale (two words, one word in US)

forceps

folkways (one word)

forcible not -eable

follic/le (bot., med.) a small sac, not -cule; but

Ford, Ford Madox,

-ular, -ulated

following abbr.

an

one word)

(1853-1937) Scottish actor

fol.

Folketing the Danish Parliament, not -thing

folk

on

of forum

foram/en foray a

leaflike, not -ious

Folies Bergere (not

abbr. fo., not

pi.

forasmuch

foldstool use fald-

foliaceous

fora

surgical pincers, pi.

b.

same

Ford Hermann Hueffer

(1873-1939) English writer f.,

fol.

fonda (Sp.) an inn fondant a soft sweet of flavoured sugar

forearm (noun and verb, one word) forebear an ancestor; cf. forbear forebod/e, -Ing not

forb-

forecast

Foster

122

|

forecast

predict, not forc-

forecastle not

foreclose not

fo’c’sle

(propr.) (cap.) pi.

-ae (in math., sci., and scholarly common usage, esp. in US) (not

uses), -as (in

forc-

foredge

(typ.) the margin of a book opposite the binding, not fore-edge; see also margins

fore-edge (hyphen

Formica formul/a

in non-technical uses)

abbr. F.

ital.);

forray use foray forrel use forel

fore-end not forend

forsaid use fore-

forefend

Fors Clavigera

use forf-

foregather fore/go

John

Forster,/

not forg-

go before, past -went, past part. -gone, present part, -going; cf. forgo to

part, -orn

forsythia an ornamental shrub for.

Foreign and Commonwealth Office formed 1968 from the two separate Offices, abbr. FCO Foreign/ Mission abbr. FM; abbr. FO, now FCO

— Office (caps.)

forel an early vellum-like covering for books, not forr-

fore/leg, -lock, -mast, -play (one word)

fore/run past -ran, past part, -run; -runner (one word) fore/said, -see, -shadow, -shore -shorten, -sight, -skin, -stall not for- (one word)

Forester, C(ecil) S(cott) (1899-1966) English novelist

when

Fort cap.

part of a name; abbr. Ft.

fort, fortification, fortified

forte/ person’s strong point (not ital.); (mus.) strong and loud, abbr. f; -piano loud, then

immediately soft (hyphen), abbr. fp; -piano an early form of pianoforte (one word) fortel I use fore-

FORTH

(comput.) a programming language even small caps.)

(caps, or

fortissimo/ (mus.) very loud; as noun,

fort-, fortel

pi. -s;

abbr. ff

fortississimo/ (mus.) as loud as possible; as noun, pi. -s; abbr.

W

fortiter in re (Lat.) bravely in action; Viter in mode

for ever for always (two words, one word in US); forever continually (one word)

forewarn foreword

—

1970) English novelist

forsw/ear, past -ore, past

fore/head, -hock (one word)

foretell not

by Ruskin,

(1812-76) English biographer Foster), E(dward) M(organ) (1879-

(see also

foreign abbr.

a series of letters

1871-84

fore/finger, -front (one word)

cf.

swa-

Fort-Lamy now N’Djamena, Chad Fortran (comput.) Formula Translation, a pro-

not for- (one word)

gramming language;

book) not forw-, -ward; an introduction to a book by someone other than the author or editor (of

also

FORTRAN

or even

small caps

fortuitous due to or characterized by chance; not fortunate or well-timed

forfeit/, -able, -ure

forty-eightmo

forfend (US) protect by precautions,

(arch.)

avert; not fore-

forgather

for/um

forget/, -ting, past forgot, past part, forgotten or (esp. US) forgot; -table

forget-me-not

for/go abstain from, past -went, past part. -gone, present part, -going; cf. forego forint the chief monetary unit of

formalin

cussion;

Hungary

a germicide or preservative, not -ine

format/

adv.

adv., and verb), meaning towards the

noun,

forwarn forzando

is

-s

com-

front, in

facing, or in the direction

use fore-

(mus.) forced, abbr. fz (no point); see

sforzando

-ise

fos. (abbr.)

the size (octavo, quarto, etc.) of a book, periodical, etc.; (loosely) its general typographic style and appearance; (comput.) a defined structure for holding data etc.; as verb, past -ted, past part, -ted, present part, -ting (one t in US)

forme

(adj.,

alt.

the direction one of motion

also

formalize not

pi. -urns, (in

-a

mon

forgivable not -eable

meeting for public disRom. or legal contexts)

a place of or

forward/

(bot.)

book based on

48mo

sheet; abbr.

use fore-

(typ.) a

forty-eight leaves, ninety-six pages, to the

pi.

of fo.

(folio)

(typ.)

(typ.) a

body of type secured in the frame form (US)

called a chase; not

former the

first

of two;

see also latter

foss/a

fosse

(anat.) a cavity, pi.

-ae

a ditch, not foss

fossilize not

-ise

—

Foster,/ Birket (1825-99) English painter, John (1770-1843) English essayist (see also Stephen Collins (1826-64) US Forster), Sir Harry Hylton- see songwriter, Hylton-Foster

—

—

Fotheringhay Castle

123

Fotheringhay Castle Northants., 1066-1604 Foucault,/ Jean Bernard Leon (1819-68)

—

Michel (Paul) (1926-84) French physicist, French philosopher and historian of ideas; Foucaldian

Foucquet

use

(ballet) a

foul/, -ly:

-up (hyphen

Foulahs

use Ful-

as

(typ.)

opposed

ceeds

movement of

foxy of or

like a fox, sly or cunning, reddish-brown; (of paper) damaged, esp. by mildew; (US si.) (of a woman) attractive

foyer an entrance hall (not

a proofreader’s

fire-plug, (Sc.)

ital.)

former

pupil(s)

point

fp (mus.) forte-piano

marked proof

FPA

proof that suc-

it

Family Planning Association, Foreign Press

Association

F.Ph.S. Fellow of the Philosophical Society of

—

fount a source of

ital.)

Fine Paper (the best edition of a work),

f.p. freezing

to the corrected

a desirable quality or

England

FPS

Fellow of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

com-

font

cf.

foxtrot (one word)

FP

proof a final proof from a foundry/ not -ery, forme that has been prepared for plating modity;

(h5^hen)

fox terrier (two words)

noun)

foulard a thin, soft material (not foul proof

fox/-hunt

Fouq-

quick whipping the raised leg (not ital.)

fouette

as

franc |

Fr francium (no point)

Fouque, Friedrich, Baron de

la

Motte

German poet and dramatist Fouquet,/ Jean (1416-80) French painter,

Fr. Father, France, French, Friar, Friday, (Ger.)

(1777-1843)

Frau (Mrs, wife),

— fr.

Nicolas (1615-80) French statesman; not

Fra

Foucq-

four-colour process (typ.) printing in yellow, magenta, cyan, and black to give a complete colour reproduction

(It.)

(It.)

fracas

(Brothers)

Fratelli

fragment, franc, from,

(Ger.) frei (free)

brother, friar (no point) a noisy quarrel, pi.

same

(not

ital.)

fourfold (one word)

fractal (math.) a curve having the property that any small part of it, enlarged, has the same statistical character as the whole

4GL

fractile fragile, of or relating to breakage;

(comput.) Fourth-Generation Language

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse Conquest, Slaughter, Famine, and Death, riding white, red, black, and pale horses respect-

—

French mathematician and physicist, hence

— series

-some (joc.)

(one word)

FRAD

fre-

F.R.Ae.S. Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society

Societies

the press, journalism;

see

Ill’s

(caps.)

birthday, a day of

celebration at Eton

(Fr. f.)

strawberry;

— de veau

strawberry,

— des bois wild (Fr.

cook.) calf s mes-

entery or caul

Fraktur

4to quarto

Insti-

tute

fraise/

Fourth of June George

Academy of Dancing

Fellow of the Royal

fraenu/lum, -m not

FRAI Fellow of the Royal Anthropological

Fourth of July US Independence Day

(typ.)

a

German

style

of black-letter

type, as

Fowler,/ F(rancis) G(eorge) (1870-1918) English lexicographer; H(enry) W(atson) (1858-1933) English lexicographer, author of Modern English Usage and joint author, with brother F. G., of The King's English

—

Fox,/ Charles politician;

-ise

irritable, peevish, unruly; cf. fac-

F.R.Ag.Ss. Fellow of the Royal Agricultural

four-stroke (hyphen) fourth estate also Estates

fractionalize not

fractious

(stat-

quantile

tious, factitious

ively (Rev. 6: 1-8)

Fourier/, Francois Marie Charles (1772-1837) French socialist, hence -ism, -ist, -ite; , Jean Baptiste Joseph (1768-1830)

four/score,

istics) use

James

(1749-1806) English

— George (1624-91) English

preacher, founder of Society of Friends (Quakers)

Foxe, John (1516-87) English clergyman and mart5n’ologist

foxed paper stained with brown spots fox/glove, -hole, -hound (one word)

FRAM

Fellow of the Royal

framable not -eable framboesia (med.) yaws,

framework

Academy of Music

not -besia (US)

(one word)

franc (Fr. m.) abbr. F, f., fr.; pi. same; the chief monetary unit of France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and several other coungeneral contexts to be put c., or 10.50 fr. In financial contexts, use Fr (pi. same) close up before numerals; may be clarified further by country, e.g. ‘BFrl5’ (Belgian franc), ‘FFr15’ (French franc), ‘SwFrl5’ (Swiss franc) tries (not ital.); in after

numerals, as 10 f 50

e frangaise, a la

Freightliner

124

\

frangaise, a la

in the French style (not

(Fr.)

cap.)

James George

(1854-1941) Eng-

lish anthropologist; see also

France

Franche-Comte franchise

a region of France

not -ize

Francic of or pertaining

to the ancient Francs

or their language

FRCGP

ancient Francs

FROM Fellow of the Royal College of Music FRCO Fellow of the Royal College of Organists FRCOG Fellow of the Royal College of Obstet-

Franco- of France, French (h)^hen)

cap. in e.g.

Tranco-Prussian’, ‘Francophile’, but ‘franco-

phone’

Frangois Premier designating the

styles

of

architecture, furniture, etc. or the characteristics of the reign of Francis

1

of France

F.R.C.Path. Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists

FRCS

(1515-47)

m.) guerrilla, partisan;

(fig.)

Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons,

England

FRCVS

Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, London

F.R.Econ.S. Fellow of the Royal Economic Fred. Frederic, Frederick; no point a full name, or a diminutive

Fredericton NB, Canada; not

and easy

m.) French regarded as including

too many borrowings from English Frankenstein (in Mary Shelley’s novel, 1818) the maker of the monster, not the monster itself Ind., Ky.

Frankfurt/

am

Main,

(no hyphens); not

— an der Oder

Free/fone (US free-for-all

-fort,

-on-Main, -on-Oder; in

Francfort

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung a German newspaper, not Frankfor-,

-fur-;

familiarly

FAZ Franz Josef Land an archipelago, Arctic Ocean (Russia) frappant (Fr.) striking, affecting frappe (Fr.) iced, an iced drink (ital.); (US) thick milk shake (not

-ck-

propr.) also

slave; cf.

freeman

-phone

(hyphens)

(adj.)

free/hand, -hold, -holder (one word) free

house an inn

or public house not conby a brewery (two words)

freelance/

Germany

it is

free/base, -board, -booter, -born (one word)

trolled

Frankfort

when

(three words)

freedman an emancipated

freelance; pi. francs-tireurs

Soci-

ety

free

(Fr.

and G3maecologists

Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians,

London

state 1939-75, titled el Caudillo

(Fr.

Fellow of the Royal College of General

Practitioners

FRCP

francium s)nnbol Fr Franck, Cesar Auguste (1822-90) Belgian-born French organist and composer Franco (y Bahamonde), Gen. Francisco (1892-1975) Spanish head of

franglais

Fellow of the Royal Botanic Society, Fellow of the Royal Society of British Sculptors

ricians

francisc a kind of battleaxe used by the

franc-tireur

Fraser

FRBS

abbr. Fr.

France, Anatole pseud, of Jacques-Anatole-Fran^ois Thibault (18441924) French novelist and critic

Fr.

Frazer, Sir

except in

(noun) one word sense of a medieval mercenary

(verb, adj., adv.), -r hist,

freeman one

to

whom

Freemantle use Freemason/, -ry Freepost (cap.) free-range

(adj.,

the freedom of a city

freedman Frem-

has been given;

cf.

(cap.,

one word)

hyphen)

freest the superlative of free (no hyphen) freethink/er, -ing (one word)

a

ital.)

free verse

vers libre

FRAS

freeway

Fraser the family name of Barons Lovat, Saltoun, and Strathalmond; see also Frazer Fraser River BC, Canada

free will the power of self-determination (two words), free-will (adj., hyphen)

Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society

frail

(It.)

in N.

It.

a friar, pi.

dialect these

fraternize not

Frau/

(Ger.

Fr.; pi.

-/;

f.)

-e/lo brother, pi. -elli;

meanings are reversed

-ise

woman;

not Frau; abbr.

used of any adult

Fraulein (Ger. n.) Miss, unmarried same; abbr. FrI.

woman

to ice;

freezing point abbr.

cf.

frieze

f.p.

Frege/, Gottlob (1848-1925) German mathfrei (Ger.) free, abbr.

fr.

Freiberg Saxony, Germany

girl; pi.

Freiburg/ im Breisgau Baden, Germany; Ger.

Fraunhofer/, Joseph von (1787-1826) German optician and physicist, discoverer of lines (no umlaut) diffraction,

—

—

freeze convert

ematician, logician, and philosopher; -an

Mrs, wife,

-en; in Ger.

an express highway, esp. toll-free or with controlled access (US)

abbr.

—

i.

B.

Freiburg Ger.

for Fribourg

Freightliner (propr.) (one word)

Froufrou

Freiherr

125

\

Freiherr Ger.

FRIGS

Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

abbr. Frhr.

title,

Der an opera by Weber,

Freischiitz,

1819

freize use frieze

Friday abbr.

Fremantle W. Australia, not FreeFrench abbr. Fr. cricket (cap.) French/ chalk,

fridge

Friedman, Milton

—

french fries

(US)

French groove

=

an extra space between

Frenchified

French/ kiss, — knickers, — leave, —

— polish

(noun, hyphen as

frippery tawdry finery

an area comprising the and adjacent islands), Fris-

Fris. Frisia (Friesland,

NW Netherlands frisbee

use frae- (except in US)

(propr.) (not cap.)

frisson an emotional

freon (propr.) any of a group of halogenated hydrocarbons (not cap.)

FRES

frit!

(Fr.

frith

-ative

ety

misto

(It.)

(not

damp

plaster,

f.

-e, pi.

ital.)

-es

use firth

mixed

grill

Friuli-Venezia Giulia a region of frivol/led, -ling (one

fresco/ a watercolour done on

shudder (not

thrill, a

cook.) fried, pi. -s;

an estuary,

fritto

m.) brother, friar

Fellow of the Royal Entomological Soci-

pi. -s

pian-

ian; see also Friesian

frenetic delirious, frantic; not ph-

-ly,

US

Fellow of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene

— polisher, — seam, — toast, — ver mouth, — windows (two words, cap.)

(Fr.

the part below the cor-

(archit.)

FRIPHH

cap.)

verb),

frere

=

and composer

ist

letter (two words, cap.)

Frenchlike (one word,

freq. frequent,

US)

cattle, not Fris-; (in

Friml, Rudolf (1879-1972) Czech-born

(cap.)

frenu/lum, -m

Friesian a breed of Holstein

US economist

-yer

nice; not frei-

(cap.)

French/ mustard,

1912)

(b.

fries, use

frieze a cloth,

the board and spine

French horn

one who

frier

(potato) chips (not cap.)

(bind.)

F., Fr., Fri.

(colloq.) a refrigerator, not frig

I

Italy

in US)

frizz curl, roughen; not friz

ital.)

Fri. (Ger.) Fraulein (Miss)

freshman

a first-year student of either sex at

university, college, polytechnic, or (N. Amer.)

fresh water (noun, two words; Fresnel/, Augustin

Sigmund

ologist

adj.

one word)

(1788-1827) French biprism, diffraction, lens (not cap.)

—

—

(1856-1939) Austrian neur-

and founder of psychoanalysis,

-ian

Federal Republic of Germany, 1949-90,

W.

Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society

F.R.Hist.S. Fellow of the Royal Historical Society

Frhr. (Ger.

FRHS

balsam

cf.

tincture of benzoin, not

-s’

Fellow of the Royal Institute of British

Architects, pi.

FFRIBA

FRIC Fellow of the Royal

(no point) tool, not

-ow

frolic/, -ked, -king

fromage/ (Fr. m.) cheese; — de pore brawn

— de tete pig’s head,

a French rebel party during minority

of Louis XIV a

member a

of Fronde, political rebel

muscat grape or wine (not

ital.)

frontispiece (print.) an illustration facing the title page of a book or of one of its divisions (one word) (print.)

pages preceding the text

proper (one word) frost/bite, -bitten (one word)

now FRSC fillet

of veal,

frosting (US)

Froude,

ital.)

fricassee/ a white stew, accent)

fro’

Friedrich Frdbel (1782-1852) German teacher and educationist, -ian

frontmatter

Institute of Chemistry,

fricandeau/ a braised and larded -X (not

and

‘to

Frontignan

fryable

Fribourg Switzerland, in Ger. Freiburg

pi.

fro as in

frondeur

Fri. Friday

FRIBA

Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society

Fellow of the Royal Numismatic Society

Fronde

title) Freiherr

Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society

friable easily crumbled; friar’s

FRMS FRNS

Froebel/ a kindergarten system developed by

Germany

FRGS

F.R.Met.S. Fellow of the Royal Meteorological

free (US) a cleaving

Freytag, Gustav (1816-95) German writer

FRG

Soci-

Society

Jean

optical physicist; — rhomb (one cap.), —

Freud/,

F.R.Med.Soc. Fellow of the Royal Medical ety

high school (one word)

pi. -s

(not

ital.,

no

=

icing (on food)

James Anthony

(1818-94) English

historian

Froufrou a comedy by Meilhac and Halevy, 1869

Furniss

frou-frou

126

|

frou-frou a rustling of a dress; (not

frills

or frippery

ital.)

Fiihrer leader, the title assumed by Hitler in Nazi Germany, 1934; not Fue-

frow use -oe frowsty musty, stuffy frowzy unkempt, slatternly

Fujiyama

FRPS Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society FRS Fellow of the Royal Society, in Lat. SRS

-ful a suffix

(Societatis

extinct Japanese volcano, not Mount Fujiyama; properly Fujisan or Fuki-no-Yama; not Fuzi-

Fulahs Sudanese;

Regiae Sodalis)

Foulahs, Fulbe;

frs. francs

FRS A FRSC FRSE FRSH FRSL

denoting amounts,

Fula a W. African language; not

Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts

•

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

see also

fellah

Fulbright/, (James) William (1905-95) US senator, responsible for the Act 1946, which provided the foundation for the

—

fulcr/um the point of leverage, fulfil/, -led, -ling,

-ment

Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine

fulgor splendour, not -gour

FRST

Fellow of the Royal Society of Teachers

full-bound

sugar, etc.;

full

capitals

fuller’s

Fellow of the Rating and Valuation Associ-

ation

cf.

fry/able able to be fried (cf friable),

-er; not

fri-

FSA Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries FSAA Fellow of the Society of Incorporated

KGB

FSE Fellow of the Society of Engineers FSIAD Fellow of the Society of Industrial Artists

ful-

column or

a petrel use full-

fulsome excessive and cloying; not fullfumatory a place for smoking or fumigation; fumitory

F.

not -er

(bot.)

any plant of the genus Fumaria, fumatory

officinalis; cf.

function (math.) abbr.

(no point except in US)

F, f;

symbol f

funfair (one word)

fung/us

pi.

-i,

adj.

-ous (not

Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin

funnel/led, -ling (one

Fellow of Trinity College (of Music), Lon-

funny bone (two words)

don

I

ital.)

in US), -like (hyphen)

funny-face (hyphen)

FTI Fellow of the Textile Institute

fur. furlong

(comput.) File Transfer Protocol

(b.

fulness

esp.

feint (paper), flat, fortified

II

fulmar

fumitory

Ft. fort

Fuad/

as range;

— right; see also full out

(t}q).)

fumigator

Valuers and Auctioneers

FTP

out

cf.

and Designers

FSS Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society FSVA Fellow of the Incorporated Society of

FTCD FTCL

left,

set to the margin of a page, not indented

‘Federal Service of Security’ (Federahnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti); successor to the KGB

ft.

align with

full/-length not shortened, -scale not reduced (hyphens)

full

FSB

ft foot or feet

ragged/

fullness not

Accountants and Auditors

in Russia, 1992-; see also

cap.) (typ.) set text to

margin of a page, same

respective

same

large capital letters

(typ.)

earth (not

— right

ital.)

-ment (US)

(bind.) completely cased in the material (h3q)hen)

full/ left,

FRVA

(not

pi. -a

not fulfill/,

FRSM

frust/um (geom.) the lower portion of intersected cone or pyramid, pi. -a; not -rum

—

scholarship

Fellow of the Royal Society of Health

boiled wheat with milk, not the many variants

Ful, Fulfulde

not Fellah, Fellani, Feulhs,

Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature

frumenty hulled

pi. -fuls

I

fur

(1868-1936) King of Egypt 1923-36; 1952) King of Egypt 1952-3

fuchsia

(bot.) not

fuc/us a seaweed,

Fuehrer

fuschia (not pi.

-i

(not

—

ital.)

ital.)

furmenty

flugel-, flugle-, fugal-, fugel-; in Ger.

gelmann

a flounce, not -flow scaly f.,

Furness,/ Christopher, Baron (1852-1912) Horace English shipping magnate, Howard (1833-1912) or his son (1865-1930) US Shakespearian scholars

m.

Fla-

Furniss, Harry (1854-1925) English psychol.) (not

ital.), -al

fur.

use fru-

~

not Fontarabia

a leader in military exercises; not

fug/ue (mus.,

furbelow

furlong one-eighth of mile; abbr.

fuelled not -eled

fugleman

f.

use Firat

furfuraceous

(Ger.) use Fiih-

Fuenterrabia Spain,

(Ger.) for, abbr.

Furat

caturist

and

illustrator

cari-

|

Furnivall, Frederick

James

(1825-1910) Eng-

lish philologist

furor

FZS

Furnivall

127

(Lat.)

rage

ital.);

not -or (US)

.

Fiirstj (Ger. m.) ruling or reigning prince (not

necessarily of the blood royal),

-innen

(cap.;

comma furth/er

not

ital.

preceding):

(adv., adj.,

as part

cf.

and

pi. -en;

of

title,

f.

-in pi.

no

verb), -est (adv.

and

Furtwangler,/ Adolf (1853-1907) German Wilhelm (1886-1954) his archaeologist; son, German conductor

—

-il

use fus-

Fuzhou (Pinyin) Foochow, China Fuziyama use Fujif.v. folio verso

FWA

(on the back of the page)

Family Welfare Association

fwd forward f.w.d. four-wheel drive, front-wheel drive fylfot (typ.) the swastika, esp.

when used

as a

decorative page-filler rather than a political or

use fusi-

fus/e, -ee, -elage not fuz-

religious

emblem:

not

fil-

fyrd the English local militia before 1066

fusible not -able fusil a musket, not

fuz/e, -ee, -elage,

Prinz

adj.)

fusable

see

futur/e, -ism (often cap. as a specific hist, movement), -ist, -istic, -ity

(ital.)

furore uproar (not

futhorc the Scandinavian runic alphabet; also rune

-zil

fytte use

fit

fusilier not -leer

Fyzabad

fusillade not -ilade

fz (mus.) forzando

fut. future

FZS

use Faiz-

Fellow of the Zoological Society

Gg G 0

gauss, the seventh in a series, (as prefix) giga-.

Gaikwar

Group

gaillardia

guarani (currency of Paraguay)

gairfish use gar-

G. Graduate, Grand, Gulf, (naval) gunnery

g

gairfowl

(dyn.) local gravitational acceleration; gram(s)

g. (meteor.) gale;

guinea,

GA

gauche

(left),

gras,

-se (big);

(Sc.

Church); Georgia,

gallium (no point); a language spoken in

gabbey gabbro/

USA

Georgia,

(off. abbr.)

a durable cotton cloth;

use

gaby an igneous

(geol.)

gaber-

see

esp.

use

8:

SW Spain

of Gad’s Hill Place, Charles Dickens’s residence 1860-70; character in Shakespeare’s 1 Henry IV (one word) site

of the prince of Baroda,

India; not Gaik-

Gaelic

(of or relating to) any of the Celtic languages spoken in Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man; abbr. Gael.

Gaeitacht any region of Ireland where the vernacular language

is

Irish

gaff a hooked or barbed fishing spear

gaffe a blunder, an indiscreet act or remark

gaga

senile, incapable (one

word)

Gagarin, Yuri (Alekseevich) (1934-68) Russian cosmonaut, first to orbit earth, 1961

gage

a,

or to, pledge;

cf.

gauge

Gaia/, Gaea, Ge (Gr. myth.) personification of the Earth; later, the Earth-goddess, daughter of Chaos; Ge is the classical Attic and commonest prose form; Gaia (Latinized as Gaea) the epic and poetic form normally preferred in general discussion of myth, or in (sci.) viewing the Earth as a vast living organism; hypothesis, -n

—

gai/ety,

-ly;

not gay-

-s

festive occasion, pi. -s (not ital.)

galaena

use -lena

use gali-

Galantuomo, head-

gadolinium symbol Gd

title

not Gains; abbr. C.

aspic, not

gall-

Goidel

the

(1906-63) Brit-

galantine white meat served cold in

Qaddafi

Gadshill Kent,

Todd Naylor

Gal. Galatians

galangale

1396

Gaekwar

Gare Loch

Roman praenomen,

a

gala/ a

a family of Florentine painters, 1259-

Gaditanian of Cadiz,

Gaius

gal. gallon, rock, pi. -s

long or suicidal rush or flight as in Matt. 28-32

Gadhel

use

(no point) cf.

Gaborone Botswana gaby a simpleton; not -ey, gabbey, gawby Gadarene (adj.) involving or engaged in

Gaddi

Gair Loch Strathclyde,

gal a unit of acceleration, with numbers Gal

gaberdine (hist.) a loose, long cloak worn by Jews and almsmen; cf gabarGabon/ W. Africa; -ese

Gaddafi

gare-fowl

use

gairish use gar-

Gaitskell, Hugh ish statesman

(postal abbr.)

Ghana Ga. Gallic; gabardine

a plant

(bot.)

Gairloch Highland, not Gare-

General Assembly

USA

Ga

(Fr.)

-s

Gaek-

use

Re

II

King Victor

Emmanuel

I

of

Italy

show

galanty

a

shadow pantomime;

not -tee,

gallantee, -ty

Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean, official Sp. name Archipielago de Colon Galatea, Acis or Pygmalion and (Gr. myth.) Galafi Romania; not

-acz, -atch, -atz

Galatia Asia Minor

Galatians (NT) abbr. Gal. galaxy (astr.) any of the many independent systems of

stars, gas, dust, etc.

held together

by gravitational attraction (not cap.); the galaxy of which the solar system is part, the Milky Way (cap.)

galena galera

lead ore, not -aena (Sp. typ.) a galley

gaiere/

(Fr.

f.)

dans cette

galley (ship), qu’allait-il faire

—? how

did he get into this scrape? (with the implication ‘by his own stupid fault’)

Galician

person from) language of Galicia

(of or relating to) (a

Galicia, or the

Galilean of

Galilee, of Galileo

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Italian astronomer and mathematician; Galileo is the given name, Galilei the surname; in Fr. Galilee, It.

and

Ger. Galilei

galingale not

gala-

galiot a vessel, use gall-

galipot a resin;

galivant

cf.

use galli-

gall. gallon,

-s

gallantine use gal-

gall-

gallanty

129

show

gamboge

use gala-

gamboi/

gallaway use gallogall bladder (two words) le

pays de Wales;

adj. gallois/

galley/ (typ.) oblong tray for set type, those supplied unpaginated

f.

-e

— proofs

game

Gallic/ism a French idiom; -ize make Gallic or -ise

Italian sop-

rano

— show, — — — theory, — warden (two words)

but Gallipoli for the paign gallipot a small jar;

for

First

cf.

modern

references,

World War cam-

Gand

a cured

ham,

gam-

having the flavour or scent of game

left

high, not -ey for Ghent,

Fr.

Belgium

Gandhi,/ Mohandas Karamchand (‘Mahatma Gandhi’) (1869-1948) Indian

— Mrs Indira (1917-84)

—

gala-, gali-

gallon/, >s abbr. gal., gall,

galloon a dress trimming

gangli/on a knot on

galloot use gal-

gangue

gallop/ a horse’s movement; -ed,

not

Prime Minister of India 1966-77, 1980-4, daughter of Pandit Nehru, not related to preceding; Rajiv (1944-91) Prime Minister of India 1984-9, her son

gallium symbol Ga gallivant gad about; not

—

gammon

nationalist leader;

gali-

ital.)

the third letter of the Gr. alphabet {F, y); unit of magnetic flux density, in SI units globulin a protein; ray (two words) 1 nT;

gamy

Turkey; in Turk. Gelibolu,

which should be used

-e a street urchin (not

f.

gamma/

till

S. Italy,

bird (two words)

—

Amelita (1889-1963)

galliot a Dutch cargo-boat

Gallipoli

in US)

game/book, -keeper (one word) point, game/ machine, plan, gamin/

gallice in French French, not

I

at Chesse, A an allegorical comic play by Middleton, 1624

Gallic of Gaul, French; abbr. Ga.

Galli-Curci,

yellow pigment, not -booze

to frisk; -led, -ling (one

Game

Lanka, formerly Point de Galle

Sri

G a lies,

-er, -ing; cf.

a nerve, pi. -a

rock or earth in which ore

gangway

is

found

(one word)

ganister a hard stone, not gann-

gal-

gallopade

a

Hungarian dance; not

galop-,

gallopp-

Galloway galloway gallows

SW

gantry platform

Scotland

a breed of cattle; not galla-

fourth

gallstone (one word) Gallup/, Dr George Horace (1901-84) founded the American Institute of Public Opinion, 1936; poll a measure of public opinion (two words, one cap.)

—

a dance;

cf.

fellow; not gall-, geel-

galosh/ an overshoe; not

galumph move

gol-, -oshe;

-ed

noisily or clumsily

galv. galvan/ic, -ism

Galway W.

navigator,

Garamond

hist,

(c.

1500-61) French and -founder

type-designer, -cutter, (US)

=

dustbin

Garcia Lorca, Federico (1898-1936) Spanish poet and playwright, often alphabetized under Lorca (b.

1928)

Colombian

novelist

Garcilaso de

la

Vega/ (1503-36) Spanish

poet,

Spanish

historian

round Africa

to India

a horse’s leap or bound, a fantastic

movement, an escapade;

except in

(‘the Inca’) (1540-1616)

Ireland

first

Jail/

a typeface

Garamont, Claude

-ise

Galwegian of Galloway Gama, Vasco da (1467-1524) Portuguese

gambade/

gaol/, -bird, -break, -er use contexts

Garcia Marquez, Gabriel

Galvani, Luigi (1737-98) discoverer of galvanism

galvanize not

myth.) cup-bearer to the gods, of Jupiter

(Gr.

moon

garbage can

gall-

to carry travelling crane etc.;

not gau-

Ganymede

treated as sing,

galoot an awkward

ganja marijuana gantlet (US) a stretch of railway track where two lines of track overlap; see also gauntlet

Gallovidian of Galloway

galop

garefish |

gallanty

Galle

show

not -do; pi. -s

Gambia, The W. Africa; no definite US Gambier Ohio gambier a gum; not -beer, -bir

article in

gargon (Fr. m.) waiter, boy, bachelor (ital.) Garda Slochana (Ir.) the police force of Ireland; gardaj a

member

of that force,

pi.

-#

(not cap.)

Garde nationale gardenia

Gardens gare

(bot.)

abbr.

(Fr. f.)

garefish

(Fr.)

(not

national guard (one cap.)

ital.)

Gdns.

railway station

use gar-

GCI

gare-fowl

130

|

gare-fowl the great auk; not

Gare Loch Strathclyde, Gareloch Highland, use

(hyphen)

Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri (1891-1915) French sculptor

gauge

a measure; not gua-; cf. gage Gauguin, (Eugene Henri) Paul (1848-1903)

(not cap.)

(archit.) not -ile, -oil

Garhwal

Uttar Pradesh, India

French painter

Gaul ancient

gari use gharry

f.

garish gaudy, not

tyrant (not

Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany -e furnished

garrott/e to throttle, or the apparatus used; not -ote (US), garo-; -er

garryowen

Rugby

Rugby Union,

an up-and-under (not

called

one word)

cap.,

garter belt (US) = suspender belt

Garter King of

Arms

Gollege of Arms), not

a chief herald (at the

ital.)

French cigarette

(propr.) a

gauntlet/ a long glove, not

gauntr/ee, -y

use

gant-; -ed

gantry

gaur an Indian ox, not gour Gauss, Karl Friedrich (1777-1855) German mathematician and physicist

gauss pi.

a unit of

magnetic induction, abbr. G;

same

Gautama Buddha (Fr. f.)

boast-

ing

see

Buddha

Gauthier-Villars publishers

Gautier, Theophile (1811-72) French writer

gaseous

not -ious

gauzy

Gaskell, Mrs Elizabeth (Cleghorn) (1810-65) English novelist

gasoline

US and

from petroleum,

esp.

gavotte and town, Que., Gana-

da

gas poisoning (two words) gas station (US) = filling station Gast/haus (Ger. n.) an inn, pi. -hauser (Ger. m.) a hotel, pi.

gastroenteri/c,

-tis (one

-hofe

mollusc class (not

gateau/

ital.);

(cap.)

(cap.)

-s; (Fr.

word) not -ster-

for

it

-ly use gal-

gaz. gazett/e,

-ed, -eer

a summer-house, belvedere; pi. -s

gazpacho

gazump after

m.) gateauj,

-leg, -post,

music

gaby

gazett/e, -ed, -eer abbr. gaz.

pi.

-x

gate/fold a folded oversize page (one word)

gate/house, -keeper,

a dance,

use

gazebo/

gatecrash/, -er (one word)

-way

(one

a cold vegetable soup

raise the price to a

would-be buyer

agreement but before completion

GB Great Britain GBE Knight, or Dame,

Grand Gross (of the Order) of the British Empire

GBH

grievous bodily

harm

(caps.)

G.B.S. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)

word)

gather

in US)

Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778-1850) French chemist and physicist

-ee spoiled

cake, pi.

gawby

gay/ety,

gastropod any member of the Gastropoda, (Fr.) f.

I

gavial use gharial

technical) petrol; not -ene

a peninsula, cape,

Gast/hof

not -ey

gavel/ a president’s or auctioneer’s hammer; -led, -ling (one

a volatile liquid

(chiefly

Gaspe

(bind.)

assemble the printed and folded

sections in sequence

Gatling gun a machine gun with clustered barrels (cap.)

GATT

gauloisj,

-at-

Gascogne Fr. for Gascony Gascon a native of Gascony gascon a braggart, gasconnade

gat/e

(Fr.)

Gaull/e, General Charles (Andre Joseph Marie) de (1890-1970) French President 1944-5, 1959-69; -ist

Gauloise

a type of high kick in

in League

France; adj. Gallic,

-e

gauleiter a regional party official governing a district under Nazi rule, a local or petty

gair-

garlic but -licky

(Fr.) f.

Cornet), Antonio (1853-1926) Gata-

(y

gair-, gare-

gargoyle

garni!

Gaudi

lan architect

Gair-

garfish similar to pike; not

gargantuan enormous

gair-, gar-

not Gair

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

gauch/e awkward,

-erie

awkwardness (not

ital.)

gauche gaucho/

(Fr.) left,

a

S.

Amer. pampas,

and

critic

Order) of the Bath

GCE General GCF or g.c.f.

GCHQ

abbr. g.

cowboy from the

not gua-; pi. -s

Irish-born British dramatist

GC George Cross, Golf Club GCA Ground Controlled Approach (radar) GCB Knight, or Dame, Grand Cross (of the Certificate of Education

(math.) greatest

common

factor

Government Communications Head-

quarters

GCI Ground Controlled

Interception (radar)

GCIE

131

genitive I

Knight, or Dame, Grand Commander (of the Order) of the Indian Empire

GCIE

GCLH

GCM

Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour general court martial, (math.) greatest

common measure g.c.m. (math.) greatest

gelatin/, -ize, -ous not

Geld

Gelderland

GCMG

Knight, or Dame, Grand Cross (of the Order) of St Michael and St George

-e, -ise

(cap.)

Netherlands, not Guel-

E.

gelder rose

gelee

common measure

money

(Ger. n.)

gue-

use

jelly

(Fr. f.) frost,

Gelee, Claude

see

Lorrain

Gelert a faithful dog of Welsh legend

cation

Gellert, Christian Fiirchtegott (1715-69) German poet

GCSI

Knight, or Dame, Grand Commander (of the Order) of the Star of India

Gelsemium (bot.) not -inum Gemara second part of the Talmud

GCVO

gemm/a

GCSE

General Certificate of Secondary Edu-

Knight, or Dame, Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order

GD

Grand Duchess, Grand Duchy, Grand Duke

Gd gadolinium (no point) Gdansk Poland, /ormerly Danzig

GemutUchkeit

German Democratic

(hist.)

(Ger.

Republic:

see

gendarme/

-e,

gene/ the unit of heredity,

gearbox (one word) gear lever (two words) gearwheel (one word)

genealog/y

(Ger.) born, -e = nee (e.g. ‘Jenny Marx, geb. von Westfalen’); abbr. geb.

bound, when used of a

stringed instrument the term

is

gee-up

generator

pi. -s

Genesis genet

use G-string

gefallen bol

X

classical literary

language of Ethi-

sym-

gestorben

of two main dialects of Albanian, not

see also

Gehenna

Task

geisha

not -er

(OT) abbr.

Gen.

mammal

white Rhine wine

a trained Japanese hostess, pi.

Geissler/, Heinrich (1814-79) icist, inventor of tube

—

pi.

-es (not cap.)

of genus Genetta, not

jennet

Geneva/

Switzerland, in Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ginevra; adj. Genevan; Genevese (sing, and pi.) native(s) of in Fr. genevois/, f.

genev/a

,

(lit.),

-er

Dutch (Hollands) gin

Geneva Convention an

international agree-

ment governing the status and treatment of captured and wounded military personnel in Genevieve, Saint

Geiger counter (in full Geiger-Miiller counter) an instrument for detecting radioactivity a

pi. -s

-ise

wartime, 1864, revised 1950, 1978

(NT) hell

Geisenheimer

general principles

—

(Ger.) killed in battle, abbr. gef.: cf.

GA

-e(s)

gefuffle use ker-

Gheg:

Church) abbr.

It.

an old man, not geyser

(follows the name);

Geg one

(Lat. pi.)

a catlike

-tte; cf.

a call to horses, notjee-

(si.)

(Sc.

(not caps.)

genes/is the origin of a thing,

opia, surviving as Ethiopic

geezer

General Assembly

generalize not

use gal-

Ge’ez the

a family’s pedigree, not -olog-; -ical

general election generalia

Company

gecko/ any of various house lizards, gee-ho a call to horses, not jeegeeloot

-ee constrained

generalissimo/ supreme commander,

General Electric

gee-string

f.

pi. -s

retained in

Eng.; abbr. geb.

GEC

soldiers used

genera see genus General abbr. Gen.

geboren/

(Ger.)

genitive,

ital.)

gender abbr. gen. gen/e (Fr. f.) constraint:

point)

-ly;

body of

pi. -s; -rie a

as police (not

g.e. (bind.) gilt edges

gebunden

com-

geniality, friendliness

f.)

gen. gender, genera: general, genus

gross domestic product

DDR Gdsm. Guardsman Ge germanium (no

(Ger.) leisurely; agreeab/le, -ly;

fortab/le, -ly

Gen. General, Genesis

Gdns. Gardens

GDP GDR

a bud, pi. -ae

gemutUch

same

German

phys-

gel (phys.) (form) a semi-solid colloidal suspension or jelly

(c.422-c.512)

patron saint of

Paris

Genghis Khan

(1162-1227) Mongol conqueror of N. China and Iran, not Jenghiz; in Mongolian Chingiz Khan or Ciqgiz Khan

genie/ (Muslim myth.) a

spirit, pi. -s see also

jinnee

genit

use

jennet

genitive abbr. gen., genit.

genius

gest.

132

|

geni/us since the Romantic

consummate

era, (a

(Roman myth.)

viously innate disposition or

personal

spirit, pi.

geni/us loci place, pi.

-i

use

loci not -eth

j-

in

Italy;

(not

Genes,

Fr.

It.

Genova; -ese

It.)

,

des French

see

Gent

Ger. for

and

society

Gutenberg

Gensfleisch

Ghent, Belgium

gentleman

(Fr.) f.

-le gentle,

person

(a

goy), not

who

Mormon;

ger. gerund,

kind

is)

(cap.); (gram.) a nationality (not cap.)

not Jewish

geranium/

word indicating

(Fr. m.) nobleman (by ancestry rather than creation), gentleman; pi. gen-

tilshommes

gentleman-at-arms (h)^hens)

Gentleman’s Magazine UK

periodical 1731-

periodical,

now

called GQ', not -man's

Gents, the men’s lavatory

(cap.,

no

apos.)

genuflection a bending of the knee, not -xion

measure-

(large-scale earth

-tic

Geoffrey-Lloyd, Baron

Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Etienne (1772-1844) French zoologist, not

geog. geograph/er,

-ffey (one

hyphen)

-ical, -y

geographical qualifiers forming everyday terms often have lower-case initials, as Chinese white, roman t)^pe, Venetian blinds; but Brussels sprouts, India ink,

geol. geolog/ical,

-ist,

geologize

London pride

-y

geological not geologic

(US)

geome/ter,

Geordie

ital.)

-arde

not jer-

gerfaicon

use gyr-

Gericault,

Jean Louis Andre Theodore

(1791-1824) French painter use

German german

ghe-

abbr. Ger.

(placed after brother or sister) having both parents the same; (placed after cousin) having both grandparents the same on one

germane relevant germanium symbol Ge Germanize not -ise German/ measles, — shepherd alsatian,

(esp.

US)

=

— silver (two words, one cap.)

Germany abbr. Ger. germon use albacore Gernika

(Basque) Guernica

Gerdme, Jean Leon

(1824-1904) French

painter

gerrymander manipulate an

Ges.

-trical, -try

a native of Tyneside

Georg Ger. for George George abbr. Geo.

(not

gerbil a mouselike desert rodent of the subfamily Gerbillinae, distinct from the jerboa;

gerund/,

not -ise

Old Red Sandstone

geom.

-ial

(bot.) pi. -s

electoral district

unfairly, notje-

geology the names of formations as

Uranus

side

genera, abbr. gen.

Geo. George ment),

for

Gerard, John (1545-1612) English botanist, not

gerkin

1914; not -men’s

Gentlemen’s Quarterly US

geod. geode/sy

an old name

(astr.)

(see also

gentiihomme

pi.

characteristic of the time of Kings George I-IV (1714-1830), esp. architecture; or of the time of Kings George V and VI (1910-52), esp. of the literature of 1910-20; of or relating to (the language of) Georgia in the Caucasus, or a native thereof; of or relating to Georgia in the USA, or a native thereof

Ger. German, Germany

or of or relating to a nation

or tribe

genus

off. abbr. Ga., postal GA; a Caucasian state, formerly a Soviet Socialist Repub-

-ly

Gentele’s green a colour Gentile

Aus-

Georgia USA,

Georgium sidus

genteel/ affectedly refined,

gentil/

George Town Bahamas, Ca3mian Islands, Malaysia, and many places in Australia, Canada, and USA Georgetown Guyana, and many places in tralia, Canada, and USA (one word)

lic

Lettres, Societe of authors

a

(also Medal) decorations for bravery awarded esp. to civilians, instituted by King George VI

Georgian of or

a clan, pi. -tes

FI.

—

George/ Cross

ital.)

Gens de

gent

genie

the pervading spirit of a

(Lat.)

not -ovese (except in

genre gen/s

see also

-I;

Gennesaret, Sea of

gennet Geno/a

person of)

intellectual power, pi. -uses; pre-

to have caps.,

-ial abbr. ger.

(Ger.)

Gesellschaft

gesammelte Werke

(cap.)

(Ger. pi.) collected

works

(one cap.)

Gesellschaft (cap.), abbr.

(Ger.

Ges.;

f.)

a

company

see also

gesso/ g3^sum used in gest. (Ger.) gestorben

or society

GmbH

art, pi.

-es

Gil Bias

gestalt

133

|

gestalt (psychol.) an organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts (not cap., not ital.)

Gestapo

German

the

under

secret police

Hit-

ler

Gesta Romanorum

a medieval col-

(Lat. pi.)

lection of anecdotes

Gesundheit

name):

expressing a wish of good health (said before drinking or to one who sneezes)

Jean

Getty,

ts)

John) Paul (1892-1976) US

oil

use

Pa.;

scene of battle and of Lincoln’s

sopher

GHQ

(Ger. n.)

Clothworkers’ Hall, a

concert hall in Leipzig (not

ital.

for its orches-

tra)

evil spirit; not -ool, -oule, -owl

Gurkhas

use

GI (US) Government

a

Issue, (colloq.)

serviceman

gaudy plaything (one word)

a hot spring, water heater (not

sculptor,

painter, poet (It.)

a rich yellow

Giant’s

Causeway

giaour

(derog.) Turk,

The

a

marble

Co. Antrim, not

name

for a

not ghiaour, giaur; in Turk,

Giaour,

gewgaw

Qom

General Headquarters

giallo antico

giga-electronvolt

geyser

pronunciation of

Ghonds use Gonds Ghoorkas use Gurkhas

Giacometti, Aiberto (1901-66) Swiss

Geulinex, Arnold (1625-69) Dutch philo-

Gewandhaus

(1449-94) Italian

Giza

Pers.

Ghurkas

address, 1863

GeV

Ghizeh

Ghom

ghoul an

businessman

Gettysburg

Domenico

—

escape (one word)

(not

gill-

ghost/-write (hyphen, one word in US), writer (two words, one word in US)

get-at-able accessible (hyphens)

gettable (two

Guib-

painter

(Ger.)

getaway an

-in, Gib-,

Ghiberti, Lorenzo (1378-1455) Italian sculptor, painter, goldsmith

Ghirlandaio,

deceased, abbr. gest.; symbol cf. gefalien

(Ger.)

t (follows the

use gi-

Ghibelline one of the Emperor’s faction in medieval Italian states, opposed to Guelf; not

ghillie use

gesticulator one who moves his hands and arms in talking, not -er

gestorben

ghiaour

poem by

-ts’

non-Muslim;

now gavur

Byron, 1813

Gib Gibraltar ital.);

gibber

to chatter, not

j-

not geezer

G5 Group of Five GFS Girls’ Friendly

GG

gibbet/, -ed, -ing

Gibbon, Edward (1737-94) English historian Society

Girl Guides, Governor-General,

Grenadier

Guards

Gg

g.gr. a great gross, or 144

gib/e to sneer;

dozen

GGSM

Graduate of the Guildhall School of Music

a vehicle

mountain

river; not ghat, ghat,

Ghazi

ghee Gheel

a

Muslim

Gideon

ghaut

non-Muslims

Indian clarified butter, not ghi a Belgian

commune

treatment of mentally Geel

its

people, in

FI.

use Geg Ghent Belgium; in Fr. Gand, FI. and Ger. Gent gherao (Ind., Pak.) a lock-in of employers

ghi use ghee

not ge-,

gi-,

member

of a

bibles

Gielgud, Sir (Arthur) John (b. 1904) English actor, director, and producer abbr.

(10"),

GIGO

gu-

G

(comput.) garbage

gigolo/

Gheg

gherkin a small cucumber: ghetto/ pi. -s (not ital.)

a biblical character, a

body distributing

giga- a prefix meaning one thousand million

long celebrated for ill

ital.)

Gide, Andre Paul Guillaume (1869-1951) French writer

pass, steps to a

fighter against

use Ghibell-

Gibraltar/ abbr. Gib; -ian

gibus an opera hat (not

used in India, not gari

(Anglo-Ind.) a

-sity

gybe

-ian

gharial a large Indian crocodile, not gavi-

ghat

Gibeline

-er, -ing; cf.

Gibran, Khalil (1883-1931) Lebanese-born US writer and artist, not Jubran

Libya

Ghana/ W. Africa; adj. and noun Ghandi use Gandhi gharry

—

gibbo/us humpbacked, convex;

gigagram

Ghadames

Gibbons,/ Grinling (1648-1720) English carver, Orlando (1583-1625) English composer

pi. -s

(not

in,

garbage out

ital.)

gigot/ (cook.) leg of mutton or lamb, (two words); not

gigue

a lively

— sleeve

j-

dance

Gilbert, Sir William English librettist

Schwenck

(1836-1911)

Gil Bias a picaresque satire by Le Sage, 1715

Glenalmond

gild

134

I

gild an association, use gui-

Guilia an Italian name, not Gui-

Giiead/ a mountainous district east of River Jordan, ‘balm in — (Jer. 8; 22)

Giulini, Carlo

’

quarter of a pint; a deep ravine, narrow torrent, not ghy-

gill a

mountain

(Arthur) Eric (Rowton) (1882-1940) artist, sculptor, and type designer

Gill,

Camp

King

Gillette/,

(1855-1932)

US inventor

— William (1857-1937) US

of safety razor, actor and writer

man

gillie (Sc.) a

hunting or

or boy attending a person

Highland chief’s

fishing, (hist.) a

James

(1757-1815) English cari-

caturist

gillyflower a clovescented flower, not

jilli-

gimcrack trumpery, tool, not

Ginevra

for

It.

gimb-

US),

the elbow,

not gui-, gy-

Geneva

— beer

ginkgo an ginn

see

such

as

chielli, 1876; a

Mona

Lisa; an opera by Pon-

play by D’Annunzio, 1898

Bondone

(1266-1337) Italian

painter and architect, -esque use

is

modern

It.

retained in

not Gui-

not El-Ghiz-, -eh

not gis-

cook,

(Fr.

glace glazed

f.)

(not

ice ital.)

(bot.) pi.

-i

(not

— cap

ital.)

(two words)

not -ean

Glagolitic of or relating to the alphabet ascribed to St Cyril, formerly used in writing some Slavonic languages

Glam. Glamorgan

Giorgione, Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco (1475-1510) Italian painter

gipsy

in

given name a name given in addition to a surname; prefer to ‘Christian name’, which implies that Christian baptism is the norm; and to ‘forename’, since it includes names that follow the surname (e.g. Hungarian, Chinese, and Japanese)

glamorize see

name,

chess opening,

(a is

glair the white of an egg, not glaire

-oid

oriental tree, not gingko

Gioconda, La

Italian

Gladstonian

jinnee

Giott/o di

Giuseppe an

Gladstone/ bag,

(anat.) a hingelike joint -i;

giuoco

gioco, but the older spelling Eng. refs.

gladiol/us

(two words)

— snap (two words, one word in

pi.

quiet play

Gk. Greek

— wine (two words)

ginglym/us

(c.1499-1546) Italian architect

(It.)

‘the Italian game’);

glace

gingerbread (one word) ginger/ nut,

Romano

giuoco piano

gizmo

not jim-

gimmick a contrivance, device gimp a trimming, a fishing line; ginger/ ale,

Giulio

Giza Egypt;

gilt abbr. gt.

gimlet a

1914) Italian conductor

(b.

giveable not givable

attendant; not ghiGillray,

Maria

Giulio an Italian name, not Gui-

not -ise

glamorous/,

glamour

-ly not -our-

not -or (even in US)

glandular fever = (infectious) mononucleosis (the usual US term)

glan/s the rounded part forming the end of the penis or

gyp-

clitoris, pi.

-des

Glas. Glasgow

Giraldus Cambrensis (de Barri) (c.ll46C.1220) Welsh churchman and historian

girandole

a firework (not

girasol a

fire opafi not -ole

ital.)

glaserian fissure

glasnost (not

(anat.) not glass-

ital.)

Giasse, Mrs Hannah wrote The Art

of Cookery

in 1747

Giraudoux, Jean (1882-1944) French and playwright

novelist

girkin use ghegirlfriend (one word)

glassful

pi.

glassfuls

glasshouse greenhouse, Glaswegian of Glasgow

(si.)

military prison

Glauber/, Johann Rudolf (1604-68) German

—

Guide now Guide giro a system of money transfer, Girobank (cap., one word)

not gy-

glaucoma an

Girond/e

French mod-

glaucous greyish green or blue; (bot.) covered with a bloom Glazunov, Aleksandr (Konstantinovich)

Girl

a dep. of France, -ist a

chemist;

erate republican 1791-3

Giscard d’Estaing, Valery

(b.

1926) President

of France 1974-81

gismo

use giz-

gitanj

(Fr.) f.

-a gypsy

gitan/o

(Sp.)

gite

m.) a rural holiday house in France

(Fr.

f.

salt a cathartic (apos.), not salts

eye condition

(1865-1936) Russian composer

GLC

(hist.)

Greater London Council

Glen written

-e Spanish gypsy

’s

separately

when

referring not to

a settlement but to the glen itself, as

Almond, Glen Coe

Glenalmond

Tayside

Glen

godmother

Glencoe

135

|

Glencoe Highland, but Glen Coe (pass) Glendower, Owen (c.l354-c.l416) Welsh chieftain; in Welsh Owain Glyn Dwr, also called Owain ap Gruffydd Wicklow

Glenealy

Co.

Gleneely

Co. Donegal

kies

Glenlivet/ a Speyside village: not -at, -it (one word): The Braes of whiskies

—

Glenmorangie Glenrothes glissade

a

down

a steep slope (not

glissand/o (mus.) slurred, in pi.

-os not

General and Municipal Workers’ Union

gn. guinea

gneiss

(geol.) a

a gliding

ital.)

manner;

-i

glisse a sliding step in dance (not

ital.)

gross national product

Gnr.

(mil.)

gunner

GO hymns

Gloria Tibi glory to Thee (two caps.) of grouse-shooting season

marginal note

abbr. Glos.

glovebox (one word) glove/ compartment, puppet (two words) glower gaze angrily, not -our

—

(not

ital.)

German composer,

not Glii-

glu/e, -ed, -ey, -ing

-in;

glutton one excessively greedy

glycerine not

GM

Dwr

see

-in (US)

genetically modified, George Medal,

use

Grand

g (no point)

(Ger.) Gesellschaft

(limited liability

GMC

a credulous person, pi. -s; pi.)

mit beschrdnkter Haftung

company)

General Medical Council

(Fr.

gobe-mouches

Gobi a desert in Mongolia and E. Turkistan gobsmack/, -ed, -ing (one word) goby a fish (not ital.) GOC General Officer Commanding use -kart

when referring to the monotheistic but lower case for pronouns referring to him; lower case for the gods of pol)d:heistic religions and for the idiom ‘make a god of something’ cap.

god/child,

gm2 properly g/m^ grams per square metre, use gsm G-man (US colloq.) a special agent of the FBI

GmbH

and

sing,

— his father

not -ins

God-awful (hyphen,

Glendower

Master

gm. gram,

jargon, not -dyg- (US)

a character in Shake-

deity,

(esp. for food):

a voracious animal, Gulo gulo, called wolverine in N. Amer.

Glyn

gobemouche/

God

but -inize, -inous

word)

speare’s The Merchant of Venice; Old

Gobelin tapestry

go-cart

glue/-pot, -sniffer (h5^hen)

glut/en not

gobbledegook pompous

m.

(bot.) pi. -s

fungus (hyphen)

(bird) (one

goatlike

(hyphen)

Gluck, Christoph Willibald Ritter von (171487)

a plant or

Gobbo/, Launcelot

cester (colon)

gloxinia/

a chin-tuft like a goat’s beard

goat/herd (one word)

goaty

Gloucestr: the signature of the Bishop of Glou-

glow-worm

grand) organ

(two words)

goat/skin, -sucker

ital.)

Gloucestershire

— line

goat’s-beard

gloss, glossary, a collection of glosses (not

(or

goai/mouth, -post, -tender (one word)

goatee

a superficial lustre, a

pi. -s

general order, great

goal/ kick, start

Glos. Gloucestershire

glosseme

gnu/ antelope,

goalkeeper (one word)

Glorious Twelfth, the (UK) 12 Aug., the

gloss

eclectic philosophy of the

GNP

Gloria/ (liturgy)

— Patri

ital.)

ital.)

redemption of the spirit from matter through knowledge; cap. when referring to the ancient world, but lower case for more modern systems

gns. guineas

Gloria/ in Excelsis,

(not

gnos/is the knowledge of spiritual mysteries, pi. -es; -tic having spiritual knowledge

glockenspiel/ an orchestral percussion instrument, pi. -s pi. -s

not n-

laminated rock (not

Gnosticism an

whisky

Fife

a slide

Greenwich Mean Time

GMWU

gnocchi small dumplings

glengarry a Scottish cap

,

GMT

gnamma (Austral.) a waterhole; GNC General Nursing Council

\>

Glenfarclas, Glenfiddich, Glenforres whis-

—

Gmelin, Leopold (1788-1853) German chemist

-dam

cap.)

(one word)

god-daughter (hyphen, one word

goddess

in US)

(not cap.)

godfather (one word)

godhead

divine nature, but the

Godhead

godless (one word) Godley, Arthur see Kilbracken godlike (one word)

god/mother, -parent (one word)

(cap.)

God’s acre

Gorgio

136

|

God’s acre

a burial

ground

(apos.,

one

cap.)

Godspeed (one word, cap.) Godthab use Nuuk Goebbels, Joseph (Paul) (1897-1945) German minister of propaganda 1933-45, not G6Goehr,/ Alexander (b. 1932) German-born Walter (1903-60) his father, Gercomposer: man conductor

—

Hermann (1893-1946) German marshal, not Go- (except in Ger.)

Goering,

field

Goeth/e, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832) German poet and playwright: not Go-, Got-: -ean

Goetheaner

(Ger. m.) a follower

gofer (US

a person

si.)

dogsbody:

cf.

who

of Goethe

runs errands, a

gopher

goffer,

goffer to crimp, emboss: not gau-: animal, wood, use goph-

Goffs

Oak

Goncharov, Ivan (Aleksandrovich)

Goncourt/, Edmond Louis Antoine (1822-96) and his brother Jules Alfred Huot (1830(named after 70) French novelists: Prix

—

-s (not ital.)

Gonds a people of Cent. India, not GhGongo a tributary of the Zaire Gongora y Argote, Luis de (1561-1627)

gongorism a Spanish form of euphuism gonorrhoea not -hea (US) Gonville and Caius College Cambridge, also

good afternoon (salutation) goodbye (one word), not -by good/ day,

— evening (caps.,

good morning

Goemot

(salutation) (two words)

Good-Natur’d Man, The

goitre not

Good/ Samaritan,

-er (US)

car, not -cart

(hyphen) a rich source of wealth (from a

ruined city near Hyderabad)

gold symbol Au gold-digger (hyphen, two words in US)

gold dust (two words) apos.)

University of

London (no

apos.)

golf/ bag,

— ball, — cart

Goliath a Philistine giant, a type of crane: not -iah

Gollancz,/ Sir Israel (1864-1930) English Sir Victor (1893-1967) British pubwriter,

—

golosh

GOM

and writer

Grand Old Man (OT):

(adj.)

— Templar

(caps.)

a business etc. (one word)

Goorkhas use Gurgooroo use guru goose pi. geese, (in tailoring) gooses gooseberry (one word) goose/ bumps (US) = gooseflesh, — egg a zero score in a game

(US)

(two words)

goose/-skin, -step (hyphens)

goosey a diminutive of goose: not -sie, -sy Goossens a 19th-20th-c. Anglo-Belgian family Grand Old Party (Republican Party in USA) a burrowing animal, a kind of wood:

gopher cf.

gofer: goffer

Gorbachev, Mikhail (Sergeevich) (b. 1931) General Secretary of Communist Party of the USSR 1985-91, President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 1988-91, President of the USSR 1990-1 Gordian knot tied by Gordius, cut by Alexander the Great

not golly-

use gal-

Gomorr/ah

goodwill of

GOP

association, — course, — links, — match, — player (two words)

golliwog

(salutation) (one word)

good-quality

of musicians (two words)

golf/ club the implement, the premises, or the

lisher

(h3^hen)

goose pimples attrib.)

gold mine (two words)

Goldsmiths College

comedy by Gold-

gooseflesh (one word)

goldfield (one word)

gold leaf (two words, h5q)hen when

a

(two words), good-natured

goodnight

NW London (no

good-humoured

(h)q)hen)

good nature

Golders Green

two words)

(two words),

Goidel a member of Goidelic peoples (Irish, Highland Scottish, Manx), a Gael: not Gadhel: Gaidheal in Sc. Gaelic

Golconda

(salutations) (two

smith, 1768

goi use goy

go-kart a miniature racing

(two words)

words)

under

myth.) a giant, named by Spenser in the Faerie Queene

see

Caius

good humour

(Br.

Span-

ish poet

(1853-90) Dutch painter: in Eng. sometimes alphabetized ‘Van’

,

—

Edmond) gondola/ pi.

Good Friday

Herts, (no apos.)

Gogh, Vincent (Willem) Van

Gogmagog

(1812-

91) Russian novelist

god/send, -sent -son (one word)

(esp.

W.

E.

Gladstone)

-ha (AV NT) hut -ah in

NEB

Gordonstoun School Elgin, Grampian Gordonstown Grampian Gorgio/ the Gypsy name for a non-Gypsy,

pi. -s

Gorgonzola

137

Gorgonzola a cheese (cap.) Gorky Russia, formerly, and once

Goutte d’or again, Nizhni

Novgorod

gormand

use gour-

gormandize gors/e

a

eat greedily; not gour-, -ise

meeting of Welsh bards and druids,

goy/

a cuckoo, a fool; not -uk

Jewish

(derog.)

name

for a Gentile, pi. -im

GP

(y

general practitioner. Graduate in Pharmacy, Prix, Gloria Patri (glory be to the

Grand

Father)

Gp. Group

Goshen

a land of plenty,

in the

USA and Canada

name

of several towns

cap. only when referring to the record of Christ’s life and teaching in the first four books of the NT, or the north side of the altar

gospel

(Gospel side)

gospodin

now

is

title; see also

—

-er, -ing, -y (one p)

Goteborg Sweden,

Gotham/

in Ger.

City, -ite a

New Yorker

architecture, writing, etc. (cap.); abbr.

Goth. (typ.)

a loose

serif faces, formerly

name for (esp. bold) sans OE black-letter faces

gotten past

part, of get; use got except in the expression ‘ill-gotten gain’, and in

common

Printing Office

Global Positioning System the Soviet ‘State political administration and counter-

US

William) Gr. Grand, Greater, Grecian, Greece, Greek gr. grain, -s;for

gram

Graaff, Robert Graaff

Jemison van de

last part

use g; gross, grey see

van de

use -ail

Grabar the classical Armenian language graben (Geol.) a depression of the Earth’s surface between faults, pi. same Gracchus,/ Gaius Sempronius (153-121 bc) and his brother — Tiberius Sempronius (163-133

(Twilight of the Gods) the

of Wagner’s Ring des Nibelungen, 1876

Bc),

grace note

the Gracchi,

Roman

reformers

(mus.) (two words)

Grecian, Baltasar (1601-58) Spanish moralist

gradatim gradine

Gotterdammerung

KGB

Georgius, or Gulielmus, Rex (King George, or

Graal its

inhabitants, sometimes applied to Newcastle; wise men of — i.e. fools; — City (US colloq.)

New York

points)

Graafian follicle in ovary

Gothenburg

a village proverbial for the folly of

ment

Group Captain (no

General Post Office, (US) Govern-

revolution’ (1922-3); see also

Edmund William (1849-1928) English writer; Philip Henry (1810-88) his father, English naturalist

gossip/, -ed,

(RAF)

(hist.)

GPS GPU

GR

grazhdanin

Goss, Sir John (1800-80) English organist and composer Gosse,/ Sir

GPO

for struggle against espionage

Mr; f. gospozha; Rusto use initials instead

(Russ.) Lord,

sian practice

g.p. great primer

Gp/Capt

go-slow (noun, hyphen)

Gothic

civil

Lucientes), Francisco Jose de (1746-1828) Spanish painter

accent)

Gothic

abbr.

Modern English Usage

Goya

(1752-1828) Gerpublisher (accent), grandfather of the Viscount Goschen (1831-1907) (no

of the

(cap.),

Governor General abbr. Gov. Gen., GG Gowers, Sir Ernest (1880-1966) English er’s

Goschen, Viscount Goschen, Georg Joachim first

the State

Govt.

gowk

-au

man

white burgundy wine

servant, author of Plain Words, reviser of Fowl-

furze, -y

Gorsedd/

a

gov. govern/or, -ment

Government meaning

Gorky, Maxim pseud, of Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov (1868-1936) Russian writer and playwright

pi.

graffito |

(Lat.)

step by step

a tier of

low steps or

the back of an altar; not

gradus ad Parnassum

seats, a ledge at

-in

(Lat.) step(s) to Par-

Gottingen University Germany

nassus, Lat. or Gr. poetical dictionary, any

Gouda gouge

series of

a

Dutch cheese

(not

a concave chisel

goujons

deep-fried strips of chicken or fish (not

graded exercises; in short gradus

ital.)

Graeae

(Gr. myth.) three sisters the abode of the Gorgons

who guarded

ital.)

gouk

use

Graec/ism

-wk

a

(US); -ize, -o

gour an Indian

gourmand/

tony; see also

gourmet gout

(Fr.

ox, use ga-

GrafI

a glutton; -ise indulgence in glut-

gormandize

a connoisseur of

m.) taste

-e/i,

of

good food

(Ger.) a f.

Greek characteristic, not Grec(combining form), -ophile

count (equivalent

to

Grafinj, pi. -nen (cap.; not

title,

no

comma

an

earl), pi.

ital.

as part

preceding)

graffit/o scribbling, usually sgraffito

on

a wall; pi.

-i;

cf.

Grahame

gravestone

138

|

Grahame, Kenneth

grandmother

(1859-1932) English

author

Graian Alps France and Italy Grail, the Holy not Graal, Graile

grandparent (one word) Grand/ Prix an international motor-racing

Grainger, Percy (Aldridge) (1882-1961) Australian-born US composer

event, pi. -s Prix (not

a unit of mass, abbr. g; in SI units 0.001

kg -arian, -atical

gramaphone

gramo-

use

graminivorous feeding on gramm/ar, -arian, -atical

gramen-

gram,

grammar school (two words) gramme use gram Grammont E. Flanders, Belgium Gramont, Philibert, comte de (1621-1707) French courtier, adventurer, and soldier; not not grama-,

El a region in Bolivia, Paraguay,

and Argentina

Grand abbr. G., Gr. grandad use -ddad

Elphinstone (1829-1906)

old

grand aunt (two words)

prefer

Grand Canyon

woman;

not

-dame

great-aunt

granter one who grants

gran turismo

scriptures, not

Grunth

one who makes a grant (It.)

touring car

Granville-Barker, Harley (1877-1946) English pi. same grapey not -py graphology the study of character from hand-

grapefruit

—

if

grasj

(Fr.) f.

-se, fat;

— double tripe;

cf.

gros

Grasmere Cumbria (b.

1927)

German

writer

Grand Coulee Dam Wash, granddad not grandad, grand-dad granddaughter (one word) Grand/ Duchess, — Duchy, Duke used as

grande dame (Fr.) a dignified grande/ passion violent love

— toilette full dress

title)

Grasse

dep. Alpes-Maritimes, France

grass/hopper, -land (one word) gratia Dei (two

abbr.

GD

lady affair, — tenue

grandeur (not ital.) grandeur naturelie (Fr. f.) life-size grandfather (one word) Grand Guignol a sensational or horrific drama

gratin

see

(Lat.)

by the grace of God

au gratin

gratis for nothing, free (not

ital.)

Grattan, Henry (1746-1820) and orator

Irish

Gratz

Pa.

Gratz

Austria, use

grandiloquence pompous or

infiated lan-

-elo-

grand jury (not caps.) grand mal a serious form of epilepsy (not ital.) grand master a chess player of highest class Grand Master (caps.) abbr. GM grand-messe (Fr. f.) high mass (hyphen), before

messe (apos.) Grand Monarque, le Louis XIV grand monde, le (Fr.) the court and

use

Hradec Kraiove

Gratz Poland,

use

Graubiinden

a Swiss canton; in Fr. Grisons, in

grauwacke gravam/en

Grodzisk in

Grigioni

It.

use grey-

the essence or most serious part of an argument, or a grievance; pi. -ens, properly

-ina

grave

(mus.) slow,

grave accent

solemn

(')

gravel/, -led, -ling (one

Graves

1932 grand*

statesman

Graz

Gratz Czech Republic,

Romansh Grisun,

ital.)

guage, not

(law)

Grass, Gunter (Wilhelm)

Ariz.

grandchild (one word)

words, both caps,

Scottish poli-

hyphen)

tician (no

writing, not graphio-

grandam grandmother,

(not

grandson (one word) abbr. g.s. grand uncle (two words) Grant Duff, Sir Mountstuart

playwright, producer, and actor

use gren-

Gran Chaco,

or

(not cap.), the Sultan of Turkey (caps.); in Fr. grand seigneur. It. gran signore, Sp. gran senor

grantor

grammo-

Gram’s stain (bacteriology) (cap.) Granada Spain, a British television network granadilla

or golden age, esp. the

in France

c.

Granth the Sikh

Gramm-

gramophone

GP

grand signior one of high rank

grass, not

abbr.

abbr.

ital.);

Grand Rapids Mich. grand siecle a classical 17th

gram, gramm/ar,

Party,

GOP

abbr.

grain apothecaries’, avoirdupois, or troy weight, all 0.0648 gram; abbr. gr.

gram

(one word)

grand/-nephew, -niece (hyphen) Grand Old Party (US) the Republican

a

I

in US)

Bordeaux wine

Graves’ disease exophthalmic goitre nobility

grave/stone, -yard (one word)

(apos.)

grey matter

gravitas

139

\

gravitas

(Lat.)

gravure

Green Cloth

solemn demeanour

the intaglio printing process (from photogravure) (typ.)

gravy/ boat, — train

(in full Board of Green Cloth) the Lord Steward’s department of the Royal

Household

Conyngham

Greene,/ Sir

(two words)

a colour, use

gray

a unit of absorbed radiation dose, abbr.

grey (except in US)

(1854-1934) British

— Graham (1904-91) English nov-

diplomat,

gray

— Harry Plunket (1865-1936) English — Nathanael (1742-86) vMnerican Revolutionary War general, — Robert (1560elist,

Gy

(no point): in SI units

J/kg

1

—

Louis HarGray,/ Asa (1810-88) US botanist, old (1905-65) English radiobiologist, Thomas (1716-71) English poet; see also Grey

grayling a

—

fish, not grey-

Gray’s Inn London

graywacke

term, often replaced by tovarishch

GRCM

pastures cattle, not -zer

Graduate of the Royal College of Music

greasy not

Huron, Michigan,

Erie,

use

— bend, — knot, — slippers:

abbr. Gr. -ize,

-ophile use Grae- (except in

US)

born in Crete, real name Domenico Theotocopuli or Kyriakos Theotokopoulos El (1541-1614) Spanish painter,

Greece

abbr. Gr.

greegree

Greek

abbr.

Gr„ Gk.

(to

— chant, —

Gregorian/ calendar, telescope (one cap.)

grenadine

a syrup

fruit, not

gran- (not

ital.)

made from pomegranates

or currants; a loosely woven silk fabric; (cook.) a dish of veal or poultry fillets, (Fr. m.)

grenadin

Grenadines, The chain of islands between Grenada and St Vincent, W. Indies

Law

‘bad

from Sir Thomas

money

drives out good’,

— (1519-79) English financier

Gretry, Andre Ernest French composer

Modeste

(1741-1813)

painter

never, in Lat. ad kalen-

grey

Greeley, Horace (1811-72) US journalist and politician

Greely, Adolphus Washington (1844-1935)

US general and Arctic explorer Green, John Richard (1837-83) English

his-

(1846-1901) English artist

illustrator of children’s

colour, not gray (US)

Grey, Lady Jane (1537-54) proclaimed Queen of England 1553, deposed, beheaded; see also Fallodon; Gray greybeard an old man,

large jug, clematis (one

word)

torian

(one word)

Indies

grenadilla a passion

Grevy, Francois Paul Jules (1807-91) French President 1879-87

das Graecas

green/back

grey, not

avoid confusion with

abbr. for ‘German’)

Greenaway, Kate

between beige and

Greuze, Jean Baptiste (1725-1805) French

use gris-gris

Greek calends, at the

and

a colour

Gresham/’s

Greco,

not -cale,

grigale (not cap.)

Grenada W.

Greek except as an adj. referring to architecture and facial outline, and as a noun for a boy in the top form at Christ’s Hospital, or a Greek-speaking Jew of the

Grec/ism,

not greeting (US)

gregale the Mediterranean NE wind;

Greifswald university town, Germany

Hum.

great-uncle (hyphen)

Dispersion; also

greetings card

grei-

Great Power (caps, only with hist, reference) Greats the Oxford BA final examination for Lit.

(caps.)

(US) = green fingers Greenwich Mean Time (caps.) abbr. GMT

grege

Ontario

great/-nephew, -niece (hyphen)

Grecian/

green room a room off stage for actors greensand/ a sandstone (not cap.). Lower — and Upper — two strata of the Cretaceous green thumb

Great Britain abbr. GB; see also Britain Greater Manchester a metropolitan county great gross 144 dozen, abbr. g.gr. Great Lakes between USA and Canada: Super-

honours in

-er, -ic

(UK) a consultative preliminary report of government proposals, for discussion (two caps.); cf. Blue Book; White Paper

system

-ey

great-aunt (hyphen)

ior,

Nunaat;

Green Paper

Graz the capital of Styria, Austria, not Gratz grazhdanjin (Russ.) citizen, f. -ka, pi. -e; formal

who

and pamphleteer

92) English dramatist

green fee (golf) not greens fee (US) green/gage, -grocer, -house (one word) Greenland/ in Dan. Gronland, in Inuit Kalaallit

use grey- (except in US)

grazier one

singer,

books

(US) a note of legal tender, -bottle

Greyfriars College Oxford

greyhen a female black grouse greyhound/ (one word), — racing greyling use gray-

grey matter (two words)

(two words)

greywacke

Gryphius

140

|

greywacke

sedimentary rock; not

(geol.) a

grau-, gray- (US) (not

Grieg, Edvard

(not

gros/

ital.)

Edward) Hagerup (1843-

1907) Norwegian composer

Grieve

grievous

man

MacDiarmid

see

-se big;

(Fr.) f.

grosbeak Groschen

not -ions

gros point gryphon

pi.

m.) cross-stitch embroidery

(Fr.

gross

Grosse Point Mich.

grill/e

-ee

f.

-ill

(except

cook.) broiled, grilled

Grimm,/ Jakob (1785-1863) and his brother Wilhelm (1786-1859) German philologists,

—

in

modo

grosso

grotesque

deals with consonantal changes

Germanic languages

grotto/

grimy begrimed, not -ey Grindelwald Switzerland, grindstone (one word)

ground/

parents, -land,

S.

(typ.)

Cape Dutch and Khoikhoi

pi.

-es

floor,

(not

(after Boccaccio

and

Chaucer), in Sc. Grizel

gris-gris/ an African or voodoo

girl

or fetish,

not greegree, gri-gri

grisly terrible, not grizz-

Cap

dep. Pas-de-Calais, France

(hyphen)

Grisons sun

Fr.

grissini

(pi.)

for

Graubiinden, in Romansh

Gri-

gristly having or like gristle, not -ey

Grizel

Sc.

form of Griselda

— bear (two words)

of/ (econ.) various combinations of

G3);

Five (abbr. G5);

G7);

Ten

(hist.)

a small

Three (abbr. Seven (abbr.

G10)

(abbr.

grovel/, -led, -ler, -ling (one

Academe

to consider eco-

I

in US)

(one cap., not

pi.)

from

to Plato’s

Academy;

see also

Academe

Grove’s Dictionary of Music and

Musicians the current edn. is The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, usually abbr. New Grove grown-up (adj. and noun) (hyphen) groyn/e a breakw'’ater, not -in (US); -ing; cf. groin Graduate of the Royal Schools of Music

(the Royal

GRT

Academy and the Royal

College)

gross registered tonnage

Grub Street haunt of literary hacks and poverished authors, later Milton Street,

im-

now

demolished

gro. gross

groat

(two words)

meet nomic and trade concerns;

GRSM long sticks of crispbread

grizzly/ grey-haired,

— rent

Milton’s Paradise Regained, refers specifically

— bag, — maker, — man (hyphen, two words);

Gris-Nez,

(two words, hyphen as

word)

Group

grove of

charm

— level

ground/sheet, -sman, -water, -work (one

ital.)

grisette a working-class French

ital.)

industrial nations that

Africa (one word)

Griselda a patient wife

a 19th-c. sans-serif typeface,

not -ery (not

ground/ plan,

method of decorative painting

grisaille a

approximately

adj.)

not Grindle-

gringo/ a foreigner, esp. a Brit, or N. Amer. in a Sp.-speaking country (derog.); pi. -s (not ital.) a child of

(It.)

Grotius, Hugo (1583-1645) Dutch jurist and statesman (Latinized form of De Groot)

Grimsetter Airport Orkney

Griqua/

abbr. gro.

abbr. grot.

grotesquerie

collectors of fairy tales

Grimm’s Law

pi.,

Grote, George (1794-1871) English historian of Greece

ital.) (Fr.

and

Lincoln

a grill etc.

grille a grating, a latticed screen, not

in US) (not

sing,

is

(144)

Grosseteste, Robert (1175-1253) Bishop of

Graubiinden

for

It.

cook under or on

on

canvas

grigale use greGrigioni

same

silk fabric

griffon a vulture, a breed of dog

grill

hawfinch

an Austrian and old Ger-

(Ger. m.)

small coin,

grosgrain a corded

griffin a fabulous creature; not -on,

gras

cf.

(ornith.) the

a silver coin

sum

worth four old pence,

(‘don’t care a groat’)

groats hulled or crushed

grain, esp. oats

gruelling (one

Gruffydd

grummet

see

I

in US)

Glendower

use gro-

Grodzisk Poland, not Gratz groin the fold between belly and thigh, (archit.) line of intersection of two vaults; cf. groyne

Grundy, Mrs

grommet

Grunth the Sikh scriptures, use GraGruyere a cheese (cap., not ital.) Gruyeres Switzerland Gryphius, Sebastien (1491-1556)

not gru-

Gromyko, Andrei (Andreevich)

(1909-89)

Soviet Foreign Minister 1957-85, President of the Supreme Soviet 1985-8

Gropius, Walter (1883-1969) German architect

in

Plough, 1798,

Thomas Morton’s

Speed the

an embodiment of conventional

propriety

German-born French

printer, not Gryptinus

gryphon

141

gryphon grysbok

guazzo

use griffin

General Secretary, General Service, General Staff, Grammar School

(mil.)

guineas

(hist.)

G7 Group

of Seven

British writer

use Geld-

ge

not

Guenevere, Defence of by W.

Guildhall School of Music

gsm

grams per square metre, metric method for measuring weight of paper and card (no

see also

Morris, 1858;

Guinevere

Guernica

Spain, in Basque Gernika; subject of

painting by Picasso, 1937

points)

GSO GSP

Guelderland guelder rose

Guelf one of the Pope’s faction in medieval Italian states, opposed to Ghibelline; also Guelph

g.s. grandson

GSM

= gouache

(It.)

Guedalla, Philip (1889-1944)

an antelope, not -buck

(Afrik.)

GS gs

Guillermo |

Guernsey guernsey

General Staff Officer

Good

(naval)

Service Pension

G/-string the garment, a string for a violin

etc.;

-suit (h)q)hens)

GT Good

the jersey

guerre

Channel

a

Island, in Fr.

Guernesey

a heavy knitted woollen pullover;

worn by Australian war

footballers

(Fr. f.)

—

guerrilla/ a person or body engaged in warfare irregular fighting by small bodies; not

Templar, gran turismo

gt. gilt, great, gutta

-eri-,

gor-

g.t. (bind.) gilt top

G10 Group

Guesclin, Bertrand du (1314-80) Constable of

of Ten

France

gtt. guttae

guesstimate

(colloq.) an estimate based on a mixture of guesswork and calculation, not

gu. gules

guacho

use

gau-

guest-

Guadalajara Mexico, Spain

Guadalupe/ Spain; — Hidalgo Mexico, formerly Gustavo A. Madero; — Mountains Texas and

New Mexico Guadeloupe W. guage use gaugualacum (bot.) resin obtained

Indies

a tropical

from

it;

American

tree,

the

not guaiac

also

from seabirds’ excrement

a member of a S. American Indian people, their language (cap.)

guarani the monetary unit of Paraguay (not cap.), symbol G or 0 (one word)

Guardia Civil (Sp.) national guard (two guard rail (two words)

caps.)

(one word)

guide/book,

Italian nov-

violin makers; not -nieri, -nerius

Cent. America

-line,

-post (one word)

a girls’ organization (cap.) (US)

Guido

(It.)

Guy

guild an association, not gild silver florin, the chief monetary unit of the Netherlands, abbr. f; in Du. gulden

guilder a

Guildford Surrey, not

Guilf-

Guildford: the signature of the Bishop of Guildguildhall not ),

York,

gi-;

but Guildhall,

and elsewhere

Guili/a, -o

guillemets Fr.,

It.

names,

(Fr.)

London

(not

the

(cap.)

use Giu-

William

(typ.)

quotation marks

Ger., Russ., Sp., etc. (not ital.)

guillemot a seabird

Guayra

Guillermo

La Guaira

Girl

Guilbert, Yvette (1869-1944) French diseuse

Guayaquil Ecuador use

=

Scouts

Guillaume

Guatemala

— Dutch now

Suriname

Guilford, Earl of

(one word)

elist

Guarneri

William

and composer

—

guard-ship (hyphen) Guareschi," Giovanni (1908-68)

(It.)

(for-

ford (colon)

are mounted, sentries are posted

guardsman

revolution, not ‘Che’

Guibelline use Ghinot

Guarani

guards

Cuban

Guiana/, British now Guyana,

Guides

guardroom

rebels 1565-6

Serna), Ernesto ‘Che’ (1928-

Gui, Vittorio (1885-1975) Italian conductor

Canton

guardhouse

la

Guggenheim/ Fellowship; — Museum merly Solomon R. — Museum) NYC Guglielmo

Marianas Islands; not Guaham, Guajam

fertilizer

Dutch

a league of

67) leader of the

guana a lizard, shortened from iguana Guangdong (Pin5dn) a Chinese province, Kwantung Guangzhou (Pinyin) a Chinese province,

guano

Gueux

Guevara (de

Gualra, La Venezuela, not Guay-

Guam

guesswork (one word) guest house (two words)

(Sp.)

William

(«

»)

used in

gynaecology

guilloche

142

j

guilloche an architectural ornament (not guillotine a beheading apparatus, a paper-cutting machine, a device for minating parliamentary debates

guimp

ital.)

ter-

gun-runner (hyphen) gun/ship, -shot (one word)

— Bissau W. Africa; New — E. Indies; Equatorial — W. Cent. Africa

guinea/

gun-shy (hyphen)

Africa, adj. -n;

(Brit, hist.)

21 shillings (21/-, £1.05),

used esp. in determining professional

fees; pi.

subject of an experiment (two words)

Guinevere the wife of King Arthur; see also Guenevere Guiranwala Pakistan Guisborough Cleveland Guiscard, Robert (11th c.) Norman leader Guiseppe an Italian name, use GiuGujarat/ an area in W. India, not Guze-; -i (of or relating Gujarat

to) (a

gun/slinger, -smith, -stock (one word)

Gunter’s chain a surveyor’s chain, 66

Gunther

ft

long

a character in the Nibelungenlied (no

umlaut)

abbrs. g., gn., gns., gs.

guinea fowl (two words) guinea pig a small S. American rodent; the

native or the language) of

Gujrat Pakistan

Gulag

(two words)

gun/point, -powder, -room (one word)

use gi-

Guinea/ W.

-s;

gun platform

gunwale not gunnel gurdwara a Sikh temple Gurkhas Nepali soldiers in gurkin

use gher-

Gurmukhi

the alphabet in which Punjabi

literated as GUlag gulden see guilder gules (her.) red (usually placed

after the noun),

abbr. gu.

is

written

gurnard guru

a fish, not -net

a religious teacher; not gooroo

Gutenberg

(or

Gensfleisch),

Johann

German

inventor (so generally assumed) of movable metal types

(c.1399-1468)

gutt/a a drop, abbr.

acronym) Chief Administration for Corrective Labour Camps, the Soviet network of these camps, or a camp or prison within it (cap., not ital.); originally trans(Russ,

Ind. or Brit, service;

not Ghoor-, Ghur-, Goor-

gutta-percha (hyphen, not

gt.; pi. -ae, abbr. gtt.

a hard rubber-like substance ital.)

the space between imposed pages of type allowing for two foredge margins; in a book, the inner space between two columns or pages

gutter

(typ.)

guttural connected with the throat

Gulf/ cap. when with name, as Gulf of Corinth, Persian Gulf; abbr. G.; Stream (no hyphen)

Guyan/a S. America, -ese; not GuiGuyot, Yves (1843-1928) French economist

Gulielmus

Guy’s Hospital London

—

(Lat.)

William

(apos.)

gullible easily cheated, not -able

Guzerat

India, use Gujarat

Gulliver’s Travels a novel by Swift, 1726

Gwalior

India

gully a channel, not -ey

Gwent

Welsh county

GUM

Moscow department

a

gum arable (two words) Gumbo a patois of blacks

store (caps.)

okra, a kind of soup thickened with

these; pi. -s (not cap.)

gum/boil, -boot, -shield (one word)

gum

tree (two words)

gun. gunnery

gun/ barrel,

gunboat

— battle

(two words)

(one word)

gun/ bore,

— carriage, — dog

gung-ho enthusiastic, eager (hyphen) Gungl, Josef (1810-89) Hungarian composer gun/lock, -man, -metal (one word) gunnel use gunwale gunnery (naval) abbr. G., gun. sacking

Nell (1650-87) (born Eleanor English actress, mistress of Charles -nne

Gwynedd

a

Gwynne) II;

not

Welsh county

Gwynn, Stephen (1864-1950) English writer Gy gray (no point) gybe (naut.) change course, not ji- (US); cf. gibe

gym (colloq.) gymnasium (no point) gymkhana an athletic display, a pony-club competition; not -kana (not

(two words)

gun/fight, -fire (one word)

gunny

Great Western Railway

Gwyn, and Creoles spoken

esp. in Louisiana (cap.)

gumbo/

GWR

a

ital.)

gymnasium/ pi. -s (not ital.), colloq. gym gymnot/us the electric eel, pi. -i (not ital.)

gymp

use gi-

gymslip (one word)

gynaeceum ments

in a

(Gr., Rom.) the women’s aparthouse

gynaecology

the study of women’s diseases,

not gyne- (US); abbr. gyn.

gynoecium

143

gyttja |

gynoeci/um

(bot.)

the female organ of a flower,

pi. -a

gypsum hydrated calcium sulphate Gypsy a member of a nomadic people

gyro money

ger-, jer-

transfer, use gi-

gyro/ short for gyroscope, -compass, of Eur-

ope and N. America speaking Romany (cap.); not Gip-; a person resembling or living like this people (not cap.)

gyrfalcon a large falcon; not

gyr/us pi.

pi. -s

a fold or convolution, esp. of the brain;

-i

gyttja (geol.) a lake deposit of a usually black organic sediment

Hh H henry

(unit of inductance), hydrogen, (pen-

hard

cils)

(see also

German

in

HH, HHH), (mus.) B natural

-s

and technical work),

(in scientific

(as

prefix) hecto-

(Ger.) Heft

(number, part)

Planck constant divided by

2tt,

also called the

term

for ‘taxi’

these terms

the abode or god of the dead

body of traditions relating

a

to

Muham-

in Arab, hadit use haj

-i

Hadramaut

S.

Arabia, not Hadhra-

the individual quality of a

(philos.)

thing that makes

Historical Association, Horse Artillery

Ha hahnium

Hadith mad,

haecceity

Dirac constant, pronounced ‘h bar’

HA

(noun) a horse

trite, -ed;

off.

(one word)

hac lege (Lat.) on Hades (Gr. myth.)

hadj/,

h Planck constant ft

make

(cap.)

h. hardness, height, husband, (meteor.) hail

H.

(verb)

— carriage

pi. -s;

hacksaw

system, the eighth in a series

H. harbour, hydrant

h hour,

hackney/

it

unique

Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich (1834-1919) German

(no point)

philosopher, not Ha-

ha. hectare(s) (no point) h.a. hoc anno (in this year), hujus anni (this year’s)

haem/,

-al, -atin, -atite not

heme, hem/al,

-atin, -atite (US)

Haag, Den informal Du.

for

The Hague;

cf.

’s-Gravenhage

Haakon

the

name

in Old Norse

of seven Norwegian kings; Hakon, in Modern Norw. Hakon

haar

a raw sea-mist Scotland)

Haarlem

coast of England

(E.

and

Hafiz

(OT) abbr.

Hab.

a person ital.)

1640 (amended 1679),

1816, 1862

habendum

(law) part of deed defining estate or interest granted

Haberdashers’ Aske’s School Elstree habet (Lat.) he is hit (lit. he has); see also hoc habet skilful, able; not -ille (not ital.)

habitat the normal abode of an animal or plant (not ital.), abbr. hab. f.

-ee, a frequenter (not

ital.)

family, not Hap-

Honourable Artillery Company

hacek to

hem-

not

welcome

(US)

(not

ital.)

who knows

the Koran by heart

1388) Persian poet, real

name Shams

Muhammad

Hag. Haggai hagberry

use

Haggad/ah

hack-

a legend etc.

used to

illustrate a

point of the Law in the Talmud; a book recited at the Seder; not Agadah, Hagada, -ah; -ic

Haggai (OT) abbr. Hag. haggard wild-looking; an untamed hawk haggis a Scottish dish; not -ess, -ies Hagiographa last part of the Hebrew Scriptures (cap.)

hagio/grapher, -graphy,

-latry,

-logy (not

cap.)

Habsburg, House of the Austrian Imperial

HAC

(Maori)

hafnium symbol Hf

before court, abbr. hab. corp. (not

Habeas Corpus Act

(d.

ud-din

Habana, la Sp. for Havana habeas corpus a writ to produce

habitu/e

haere mai

hafiz a Muslim

Harlem

cf.

hab. habitat

habile

haemorrh/age, -oids

blood, not

Haffner a serenade and symphony by Mozart

Netherlands;

Habakkuk

haema-, haemo- prefix meaning hema-, hemo- (US)

a diacritic

mark

modify the sound

('')

in

placed over letters Slavonic and

some

Baltic languages

Hachette publishers hachis (Fr. cook, m.) minced meat, hash hachisch use hashish hachure a line used in map hill-shading (usually in

seat of government.

The

ha ha laughter

(two words)

ha-ha

dug

aha,

a trench

as a

garden boundary; not

haw-haw (hyphen)

hahnium symbol Ha use

Hyder-

haik an outer covering cherry, not hag-

definite article in

‘The Hague’ is cap. in running text, unlike that in ‘the Netherlands’

Haidarabad

pi.)

hacienda (not ital.) hackberry the bird Hackluyt use Hak-

Hague, Cap de La NW France Hague, The in Du. ’s-Gravenhage or Den Haag, in Fr. La Haye (caps.) Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands; The Hague is its

for

head and body worn

by Arabs, not haick, -ek

haiku

a Jap. verse form, pi. same; not

hokku

Haile Selassie

145

halliard

I |

Haile/ Selassie I (1892-1975) Emperor of EthiSellassie opia 1930-74; also

half a dozen (hyphen)

Haileybury College

half-and-half (hyphens)

—

Herts,

(no h)^hens) but half-dozen

etc.

hail-fellow-well-met (adj.) friendly, often excessively (three hyphens)

half an hour (no hyphens) but half-hour (hyphen)

hail/stone, -storm (one word)

half/-binding (bind.)

when the spine and corners are bound in a different material from the sides (hyphen), -bound (hyphen)

Hainault London

Hainaut

a province,

Belgium

half-breed (hyphen)

hair/bell, -brain use hare-

hairbreadth (adj. one word), but (noun, two words)

hair’s

breadth

half-brother (hyphen, two words in US)

hair/brush, -cloth, -cut (one word)

half/-caste, -cut, -deck, -hardy, -hearted (hyphens)

hairdo/ a coiffure (one word),

half/ hitch,

pi. -s

— holiday

hairdress/er, -ing (one word)

half/-hour, -hourly,

hairdryer not

half/

-drier

mast,

(two words)

(hyphens)

-life, -light

— measures

(two words)

hair/grip, -like, -line (one word)

half-moon (hyphen)

hairlip use hare-

half nelson (two words, no caps.)

hair/net, -piece, -pin (one word) hair’s

breadth

see

hairbreadth

hair shirt (two words, hyphen

when

space

(typ.)

(esp.

half past,

— pay

(two words)

halfpenny (one word)

attrib.)

hairslide (one word) hair

US mus.) = minim

half note

halfpennyworth (one word)

a very thin space, thinner

than a thin space (hyphen); (US)

=

thin

half-sister (h)q)hen, two words in US)

space (two words) hair/-splitter, -splitting (h)q)hens,

colloq. ha’p’orth

half-price (hyphen)

one word

in US)

half/-term, -timber, -timbered, -time (hyphens)

on the two words

half-title (typ.) the short title printed

hair/spray, -spring, -style, -stylist (one word)

leaf before the full title (hyphen, in US); also called bastard title

hair-trigger (hyphen, one word in US) Haiti W. Indies, not Hay-; formerly the island of Hispaniola, now its western part haj/ the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, -i a Muslim who has been to Mecca as a pilgrim (cap. used as a title); not hadj, -i, hajj, -i

Hakenkreuz (Ger. n.) the swastika hakim (in Ind. and Muslim countries)

Hakluyt/, Richard (c.1552-1616) English

and geographer,

his-

— Society; not Hack-

Hakon, Hakon see Haakon Halach/a Jewish law and jurisprudence, based on the Talmud; halal/ (verb)

Muslim

kill

-ic;

meat thus prepared;

-led, -ling; in Arab, halal] not -Hal

halberd/

(hist.)

combined spear and

reproduction in which tones

black-and-white photograph; (esp. semitone (hyphen)

US mus.) =

half/-track, -truth (hyphens)

half/wit (one word), -witted (hyphen) half-year(ly) (occurring

at)

an interval of

six

months, biannual Haliburton, Thomas Chandler (1796-1865) Canadian-born British writer, pseud. Sam Slick haliotis a type of edible gastropod mollusc

halitosis bad breath

not -kah

(an animal) as prescribed by

law, (noun) the

(typ.)

are produced by var5dng sizes of dots, a

halfway (one word) a phys-

ician, in Arab, hakinr, also a judge, ruler, or governor, in Arab, hakinr, not -keem

torian

half-tone

battleaxe,

not -ert; -ier

hallabaloo

Halle/, Sir Charles (1819-95) German-born Mancunian pianist and conductor (born Karl Halle),

Halcyone (Gr. myth.) use AlHalevi, Judah (c.1085-1140) Spanish-Jewish

—

—

— Orchestra

founded

1857,

— Con-

certs

Halle an der Saale Germany, abbr. Halle a/S.

philosopher and poet

Halevy,/ Elie (1870-1937) French historian; Jacques Frangois Fromental Elie (17991862) his great-uncle, French composer; Joseph (1827-1917) French traveller; Ludovic (1834-1908) father of Elie, French playwright and novelist

use hulla-

hallal use halal

—

hallelujah see also alleluia; ‘Hallelujah Chorus’ in Handel’s Messiah Halles, Les Halley,

Paris,

Edmond

nomer, not -und halliard use haly-

former central market

(1656-1742) English astro-

hanky-panky

Halliwell-Phillipps

146

|

Halliwell-Phillipps, James (Orchard) (1820-89) English Shakespearian scholar

ham/string past and past

part, are correctly

-stringed, but -strung

favoured by usage

halio use he-

Hamtramck Mich. hamza (Arab.) a glottal-stop mark

halloo/

(a cry)

inciting dogs to the chase; -ed,

-s

Hallow/e’en 31 word)

Oct. (no apos. in US);

1 Nov., All Saints’

Hallstatt (of or relating in Europe, not -stadt hall/ux the great

halm

to)

toe, pi.

a stalk or stem, use

-mas (one

Day

etc.;

Hals, Frans (1582/3-1666) Dutch painter flour

and

Handels! blatt handful/ not

of half

(naut.) a

rope for raising

not halli-,

sail;

a

wood nymph,

a king cobra; pi.

-11,

hand grenade

journal

(cap.), pi.

pi. -s

(two words)

handicap/, -per, -ping

handiwork

-s

hamadryas

same

a large Arabian baboon, pi.

(S. Afr.)

go away, be off (not

-made, -maid(en) handout (noun, one word)

(no apos.)

Hamburg/ Germany;

a fowl, a grape (not cap.),

hand-pick/

of’ a

poem by

R.

ham/-fisted, -handed (hyphens) a group of peoples in Egypt and N. by tradition descended from Noah’s son Ham; -ic (of or relating to) a group of African languages

Hamit/es Africa,

a Turkish bath; not

hummum, -aum

Hammarskjdid, Dag (Hjalmar Agne

hammer/beam, -head (one Hammergafferstein, Hans

(adj.,

one word

Hammerklavier

(Ger.)

pseud, of Henry

name

of the

pianoforte, as opposed to harpsichord; Beet-

hoven labelled Op. 101 and Op. 106

‘fur

Hammerklavier’; Op. 106 is popularly as the Hammerklavier Sonata II,

Oscar

(1895-1960)

das

known

US

lyri-

(1894-1961)

US

writer of detective novels

Hampden, John

(1594-1643) English patriot

and statesman abbr. Hants.

Hampton Court London kham-

handset

a

I

in US); not hans-

combined mouthpiece and earpiece

(one v/ord)

hand-setting

(typ.)

manual composition

(hyphen)

hangar/

a large shed

(cf.

hanger), -age

hangdog shamefaced (one word) hanged past tense or past part., used punishment; other senses

hanger one who, a

and playwright

Hammett, (Samuel) Dashiell

handsel/, -led, -ling (one

-writing (one word)

word)

former

Handschrift/ (Ger. f.) MS, abbr. Hs.; pi. -en, abbr. Hss. (caps.); printer’s copy is usually Manuskript (Ger. n.)

handyman (one word) handywork use handi-

W. Longfellow

use

hyphen), -ed

in US)

hand/shake, -spike, -spring, -stand,

Carl)

(1905-61) Swedish statesman, Secretary-General of the UN 1953-61

Hampshire

(verb,

(one word)

handrail (one word)

-er (not cap.)

‘Hamelin, The Pied Piper Browning, 1842

Hammerstein

abbr. hdkf.

pi. -s,

hand/list,

Hambros Bank, Ltd

hammam

not handy-

handkerchief/

Handl, Jacob (1550-91) Slovenian composer, not Ha-; also known as Gallus; see also Handel

ital.)

Hambleden/ Bucks., Viscount — Hambledon Hants., Surrey Hambleton Lancs., Leics., N. Yorks.

hamsin

(Ger. n.) trade

hand/grip, -gun, -hold (one word)

hauly-

hamadryad/

cist

Handel, George Frederick (1685-1759) German composer resident in England, in Ger. Georg Friedrich Handel; see also Handl -blatter

honey, not -ah

hamba

(cap.), pi.

hand/clap, -cuffs (one word)

haulm

halva a sweet confection of sesame pi.

handbook

(Ger. n.) a

-biicher

,

-ed, -es

halyard

-book, -brake (one

-bell, -bill,

word)

Hand/buch -uces

halo/ a ring of light round moon, head,

halves

(’), typographically largely equivalent to the Gr. lenis or Heb. alef (ital.)

hand/bag,

the early Iron Age

is

wood;

cf.

hang-glid/e, US)

or that

use

of capital

hung

which, hangs; a sword,

hangar -er, -ing

(hyphen, two words in

—

indent (typ.) set hanging/ paragraph or with second and following lines indented under first line

hangnail not agnail

index Hong Kong Hang Seng/ Bank, hang-up (noun, h3rphen) hanky-panky (h3q>hen)

Hanover

147

Hanover/

in Ger.

Hannover, -ian of or relating from George I to

to the British sovereigns

Victoria (1714-1901)

Hans/

(Du., Ger.) Jack,

Hansa

— Niemand ‘Mr Nobody’

medieval guild of merchants, the entrance fee to a guild; not -se a

Hansard

the verbatim record of debates in Parliament (not ital.)

Hanseatic League

a medieval political

and

commercial league of Germanic towns

hansel

use

hansom

handtwo-wheeled horse-drawn cab

a

Hants. Hampshire,

Hanukkah

not Hants

Indian langur; (cap.) (Hindu myth.) the monkey-god; pi. -s not -men

haphazard ha’p’orth

happi

a

word found once only

-a

(one word)

(colloq.) a

halfpennyworth

Muslim sacred

hare-duck

place, forbidden to

— Krishnas

harem-scarem Hargreaves,

use

harum-scarum

James

haricot a variety of French bean

de mouton

Irish stew, -s

d’Espagne

rouges kidney beans,

hard/-a-lee, -a-port, -a-starboard, -a-weather (two hyphens each) in stiff covers

-s verts

member

of the caste of untouchables

in India (cap.)

hari-kari use hara-kiri

harim use -em Haringey Greater London borough, 1965;

Hardecanute accepted var. of Harthacnut (1019-42) King of Denmark and England hard hat (two words) hard hit severely affected (hyphen when Hardie,

James

Keir (1856-1915) British

attrib.)

social-

ist

hardi/hood, -ness not hardy-

Harding, Baron, of Petherton Hardinge/, Viscount; Baron

— of Penshurst

hard/line unyielding, -liner a person adheres rigidly to policy (one word)

who

not

Harringay

Harington, Sir John (1561-1612) English poet and pamphleteer; see also Harrihark/

(arch.) listen attentively,

harl a

fibre, not -le

hard-boiled (hyphen)

hard copy (comput.) printed material produced by computer (two words); cf. soft copy

French beans

harier use harr-

-ay; see also

hard/bail, -bitten, -board (one word)

blancs har-

scarlet runners, -s

use harr-

Harijan a

Harcourt Brace Jovanovich publishers (no commas) hard (pencils) abbr. H

liv-

(1720-78) English weaver, inventor of the spinning jenny

haridan

H., har.; not -or, -orage

book bound

illus-

rabbit-duck, duck-rabbit (hyphen)

icot beans, -s

(US)

(of) a

Wittgenstein’s

Harefoot the sobriquet of Harold 1 Hare/ Krishna (a member of) a sect devoted to the worship of the Hindu deity Krishna,

haricot/

harangu/e address like an orator, -ed Harare the capital of Zimbabwe harass not harr-

hardback

(philos.) in

tration of ambivalent diagrams; not

the women of a Muslim household ing in a separate part of the house; their quarters; not -am, -eem, -im (not ital.)

non-Muslims; not -em

harbour/, -age abbr.

(one word)

harem

(no hyphen)

hara-kiri (Jap.) ritual suicide by disembowelment with a sword; not hari-, -kari, hurrycurry; the more refined term is seppuku a

(bot.) not hair-

harelip not hair- (one word)

happy-go-lucky (hyphens)

haram

e.g.

soft sign

Hardt Mountains Bavarian Palatinate; cf. Harz Hardwicke, Earl of hard-wired (hyphen) hardwood (one word) but hard-wooded hard-working (hyphen)

pi.

a loose Japanese coat

happy hunting ground Hapsburg use Hab-

cf.

hare-brain/, -ed not hair- (hyphens)

hanuman/ an

ital.) pi.

transliterated Russ.;

see also

Chanukkah

(not

abbr. h.

hard rock (two words) hards coarse flax, not hurhardshell (attrib. one word) hard shoulder on motorway (two words) hard sign (typ.) a double prime ("), used in

harebell

the Jewish festival of lights;

hapax legomen/on

hardness (mineralogy)

Harley |

Harlech Gwynedd,

-en use hearken

not -ck

Harleian of Harley or

his

manuscript

col-

lection

Harlem New

York;

cf.

Haarlem

Harlequin/ a character in pantomime and in It. commedia dell’arte (cap.); -ade (not cap.); duck an Icelandic duck (not cap.)

—

Harlesden London Harleston Devon, Norfolk, Suffolk Harlestone Northants. Harley,/ Robert (1661-1724) first Earl of Oxford, statesman and bibliophile; — Edward (1689-1741), his son, the second Earl

Harlow

haute couture

148

|

Harlow (1911-37) US film actress harmattan a parching dusty land-wind of the W. African coast; in Fanti or Twi haramata

Harmen

harmonize

harvestman

not -ise

HarperCollins publishers (one word)

Harper’s Bazaar a US fashion magazine, founded 1867; Brit, version, founded 1929, now Harpers & Queen (H&Q)

Harpers Ferry W.

gun; not

an early type of portable

arque-; -ier

-ss,

Harraden, Beatrice (1864-1936) English writer

harrass

daddy-long-legs

-eyan

Harz Mountains Cent. Germany,

not Hartz;

a

haggard old woman, not

has-been/

a person or thing that is no longer of importance or use, pi. -s (h5q)hen)

Hasek, Jaroslav (1883-1923) Czech and satirist

novelist

Hashemites an Arab princely family hashish hemp smoked or chewed as a

drug;

Hasid/ a member of any of several mystical hari-

not har-

Harringay

N. London; see also

Harrington, Eari

Haringey

tweed

of, see also Hari-

sects; adj. -ic, pi. -im; not Hass-,

woven by hand

a kind of tweed

Harrogate Harrovian

a

harrumph

clear the throat or

composer

of Harrow School

make

Hans Leo

(1564-1612)

German com-

hatable

not -eable

hat/band, -box (one word)

hatch/back, -way (one word)

hatha yoga

N. Yorks., not Harrow-

member

a similar

a system of exercises in yoga

hatpin (one word)

Hatshepsut

(c.l500 bc)

Queen of Egypt

hatt short form of hatti humayun

sound, esp. ostentatiously (1840-1916) Printer to the Uni-

hartai the closing of Indian shops or offices as a mark of protest or sorrow

made

a Turkish edict tan’s

versity of Oxford 1883-1916

or hatti serif irrevocable by a Sul-

mark

hat-trick (hyphen)

hauberk

(hist.)

a coat of mail

Harte, (Francis) Bret (1836-1902) US novelist

hauler one who or that which hauls

and story-writer hartebeest a large African antelope, in Affik. hartebees

haulier not hartb-;

(Brit.)

transport, a

haulm

a firm or person engaged in road

miner who moves coal

(bot.) a stalk

or stem, not

Hartford Conn.

haulyard

Harthacnut a more correct form of the commonly spelt Hardecanute; Hgrdaknutr the

Hauptmann,/ Gerhart

technically correct Old Norse

Hart’s Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford 1st (pub.) edn. 1904, 39th edn. 1983 use Harz;

cf.

Hardt

Roman

(of or relating to) (a member of) a people of W. Africa and the Sudan, or the language of this people, widely used in W. Africa as a lingua franca; pi. same; not -ssa, Housa

religious official

hausfrau/ housewife (not

cap.); in Ger.

f.

HauS'

(1809-91) Paris architect

-sch-

a

German

Haussmann, Georges Eugene, baron

reckless (h)q)hen), not

Harun-al-Rashid (763-809) Caliph of Baghdad, hero of the Arabian Nights; (two h5q>hens) not -ar-,

(1862-1946)

— Moritz (1792-1868) Ger-

frau/ pi. -en

harem-scarem

harusp/ex

poet and dramatist,

Hausa

hartshorn (one word)

harum-scarum

halm

use hal-

man composer

form

Hartlepool Cleveland

Hartz Mountains

Ch-

poser

in Harris in the Outer Hebrides

Horace

Jewish

Hasiemere Surrey; see also HazHasse, Johann Adolph (1699-1783) German Hassler,

Harris Manchester College Oxford, formerly Manchester College

-oun,

cf.

use har-

harrier a hound for hunting hares, a hawk; (cap. as pi.) group of cross-country runners;

Hart,

see

Harv/ey, William (1578-1657) English physician, discovered blood circulation; -eian not

not hach-, hasch-, -eesh, -isch

harridan

Harris

Cambridge, Mass.;

•

1850 (hist.)

at

HU

Hardt

Va. (no apos.)

Harper’s Magazine a US magazine, founded

harquebus/

of referencing sources

Harvard University abbr. Harv. or

Arminius

see

Harvard references an author-date system

who

interpreted omens from the inspection of animals’ entrails, pi. -ices

haussmannize open out and

rebuild

mus.) use oboe in an orchestral or chamber context

haut/bois, -boy

(hist,

haute bourgeoisie (Fr. f.) upper middle class haute/ couture high fashion; — cuisine cooking of a high standard (not

ital.)

haute ecole

149

headrest \

haute ecole advanced horsemanship Haute/-Garonne a dep. of SW France, a dep. of Cent. France,

-Loire

hay/field, -maker, -rick, -seed, -stack -wire (one word)

hazel-hen (hyphen)

-Marne a dep. of E.

France (hyphens)

hazelnut (one word)

Hautes-Alpes

a dep. of SE France (hyphen)

Hazlemere

Haute/-Sadne Haute-Savoie

a dep. of E. France (hyphen)

Hazlitt,/ William (1778-1830) English essa5dst,

— William Carew (1834-1913) English bib-

a dep. of SE France (hyphen)

Hautes-Pyrenees

liographer

SW France

a dep. of

hazy

(hyphen)

hauteur haughty demeanour (not ital.) Haute-Vienne a dep. of Cent. France (hyphen); cf.

haut-gout

(Fr. f.)

(Fr.

haut monde Haut-Rhin a

(Fr.

E.

France (h)^hen)

a dep. of N. France (two

Rene Just

Havel, Vaclav

HCF

(1743-1822) French min-

in Sp. la

talk

(Sc.)

Habana

factor;

to the Forces

hd. head

H. Doc. (US) House of Representatives Docu-

ment hdqrs. headquarters

HE

His Eminence; His, or Her, Excellency; high

explosive

(1836-79) English

hymn-writer

He helium head

Havering-atte-Bower Essex not -sac

(no point)

the blank space margins

(typ.)

see also

haversack a bag for carrying food, havoc/ (noun); as verb, -ked, -king Havre France, use Le Havre (always Eng., lower case in

common

Honorary Chaplain

Hdt. Herodotus

{not vacillate)

Haverfordwest Dyfed Havergal, Frances Ridley

(Brit.)

hdkf. handkerchief

(b.

nonsense

or h.c.f. (math.) highest

HCF

1936) Czech playwright and politician. President of Czechoslovakia 1990-3, President of Czech Republic 1993-

haver

(no point, hyphen)

h.c. honoris causa

and crystallographer

Havana Cuba; not -ah, -annah; Havas a French news agency

(no point)

Her, or His, Britannic Majesty(’s)

habitual criminal. Heralds’ College, High Church, Holy Communion, Home Counties, (Fr.) hors concours (not competing). House of Commons, House of Correction

hyphens) eralogist

hard black

Hb haemoglobin

HC

m.) fashionable society

dep. of

indistinct, not -ey

(pencils)

H-bomb hydrogen bomb

the upper ten

m.) high flavour

Hauts-de-Seine Haiiy,

HB

HBM

Vienne

haute voice

Bucks.; see also Has-

at the top of a page;

headach/e (one word); -y not -ey headband a band worn round head,

cap. I in

Fr.)

(bind.)

strengthening band of multicoloured silk etc. sewn or stuck to head (and sometimes tail) of back of book

Hawaii/ one or all of the Hawaiian Islands, or the US state comprising most of them, properly Hawai’i; off. and postal abbr. HI; adj. -an

headbang/er, -ing (one word)

haw-haw use ha-ha Haw-Haw, Lord nickname

head/board, -count, -dress, -gear (one word)

of William Joyce, American-born German propagandist in the Second World War, executed 1946

hawk-eyed

(hyphen)

hawksbill a small

hawse/

(h)q)hen)

headhunt/,

-er, -ing

head/lamp, -land (one word) Headlesscross N. Lanarkshire (one word) headlight (one word)

turtle, not hawk’s-bill

(naut.) part of ship’s

head-butt

bows; -hole, -pipe

headline

see

running heads

head/lock, -long, -man a chief (one word)

(hyphens)

Hawthorne,/ Julian (1846-1934) US writer; Nathaniel (1804-64) his father, US novelist

—

head/master, -mistress as general term (one word, no caps.); off. title at certain schools (two words, caps.), abbr.

hay/ a country dance, not hey (but Shepherd’s Hey, by P. A. Grainger); -box, -cock (one word)

headnote

Haydn,/ Franz Joseph (1732-1809) and his brother Johann Michael (1737-1806) Austrian composers; Joseph (d. 1856) compiled

head-on (hyphen)

—

—

Dictionary of Dates

Haydon, Benjamin Robert (1786-1846) English painter

hay fever

(two words)

summary

HM

head of a chapter or page, (mus.) a tone produced in the head register (one word) a

at the

head/phone(s), -piece (one word)

headquarters used

as sing, of the place, pi. of the occupants (one word); abbr. HQ, hdqrs.

head/rest, -room,

-sail,

-scarf (one word)

head sea

Heitige Schrift

150

|

head sea waves from forward

direction (two

words)

heavy/-duty, -footed, -handed, -hearted (hjqjhens)

headship the

position of chief (one word)

headsman an headstock

— water, — weather

heavy/ metal,

the bearings in a machine (one

word)

heavyweight Heb. Hebrew,

(one word) Epistle to the

-s;

head/stone, -strong (one word)

hebdomad/

head teacher (two words) head voice the high register

Hebraize make Hebrew;

head/water, -way, -wind (one word)

Hebrew abbr. Heb. Hebrews (NT) abbr. Heb.

an emphasized word opening

(typ.)

a paragraph or entry etc. (one word)

headwork heal

see

—

Heap

see

— farm, —

a great public sacrifice, originally

(mus.) a bass oboe

Heckmondwike W. Yorks.

— service, — visitor

(two

Hecia

a mountain. Western Isles; not Hek-;

hectare 10,000 sq. m.; hecto- prefix meaning

abbr.

ha (no point)

100; abbr. h;

hectogram

-gramme; hectolitre (hi) not -liter hectometre (hm) not -meter (US)

fhg) not

here, here!

(US);

not hark-

Hearn, Lafcadio (1850-1904) US author heart/ache, -beat (one word) heartbreak/,

-er, -ing (one

word)

heartbroken (one word) pyrosis (one word)

heart/ disease,

— failure

Hedda Gab/er hedgehog/

hedgerow

(one word)

see

a character in Dickens’s David

Heap army (cap.)

Coppetfield, not

heartfelt (one word)

Hear

hearth/rug, -stone (one word)

Heft

heartland (one word)

Hegel/, Georg

heart/-rending, -searching (hyphens) or

heart’s-ease a pansy

heart/sick, -sore, -strings (one word) heart/-throb,

-warming (hyphen)

heartwood (one word) Heath Robinson (a contraption) having absurdly ingenious and impracticable machinery (no hyphen); (US) = Rube Gold'

berg

(Ger. n.)

(1770-1831)

hegemon/y

heaven/-born, -sent

(h}q)hens)

Heaviside/, Oliver (1850-1925) British eleC' layer (in full Heavisidetrical engineer; Kennelly layer (en rule)) the E-layer, a stratum of the atmosphere that reflects radio

—

waves; not Heavy-

German

part; abbr. H.

Wilhelm Friedrich philosopher, -ian

leadership, esp. political; -ic

Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976) German

philo-

sopher

Heifetz,

a university town, a

Germany

champagne

Jascha

(1901-87) Russian-born

US

violinist

heighday to the Deity;

-e)

a general exodus or departure; (cap.) denotes the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, 16 July ad 622, from which the Muslim era is reckoned; not hedgrah, heijira (not ital.), in Arab, hijra

heat-resistant (hyphen)

heave ho! (two words) Heaven cap. when equivalent lower case when a place

(not

hegira

Heidsieck

heat/stroke, -wave (one word)

number,

(Ger. n.)

Heidelberg

heatproof (one word)

bray, not he-

hele

Heep, Uriah

(two words)

a play by Ibsen, 1890

adj. -gy

hedgrah use hegira hee-haw (noun, verb) heel

heart-burn jealousy (hyphen)

heartsease

cf.

Hekla

Heep

heartburn

places,

of 100 oxen

heckelphone

-ull

hear, hear! an exclamation of agreement; not

hearken

(NT)

not -ise, -aicize

Hebridean not -ian Hecat/e the Greek goddess of dark

hecatomb

hele

health/ centre, certificate, food (two words)

health/ officer, words)

Hebrews

a week; not -ade;

-aean

(one word)

healthful not

group of seven,

a

-al

of the voice in speaking or singing (two words)

headword

(two

words)

executioner (one word)

use hey-

heigh-ho an audible

sigh, not hey-

heijira use heg-

heU

(Ger.) hail!

HeUand, der heiUg

(Ger.)

the Saviour

(cap.)

(Ger.) holy, abbr. HI.

Heitige Schrift abbr. HI. S.

(Ger.

f.)

Holy Scripture

(caps.),

|

Heimskringla

‘the

round world’, a history of

Norse kings by Snorri Sturluson

Heimweh

(Ger. n.)

Heine/, Heinrich

homesickness (but

Heinemann, William

when

in

poet, -sque

for

Heinz

Harry

Hellenistic denoting the Greek language and culture of the period after Alexander the Great

Hellenize make Greek, not

-hound (one word)

hell-like (hyphen)

hello not

hu-

ha-,

heir apparent a legal heir, whoever may subsequently be born (two words): abbr. heir app.

helmet/, -ed (one

heir presumptive the legal heir if no nearer relative should be born (two words), abbr. heir

helmsman one who

von

— uncertainty prin-

ciple

Hejaz

‘the boundary’, not Hi-; see also

Saudi

Arabia

a volcano, Iceland, not Hec-;

Hel (Norse myth.)

originally, the

cf.

Hecia

abode of the

the abode of the damned, as opposed to Valhalla: later still, the goddess of the dead (in Ger. and Lat. Hela) dead:

later,

a Polish holiday resort, in Polish Hel

HeLa

a strain of

human

cells

(one word, two

caps.)

Heldentenor

(Ger. m.) ‘hero-tenor’,

with robust

operatic voice

hele

to set (plants) in the

Helensburgh Helicon otia,

(Gr.

home

ground: not heal, heel

word)

Heloise (1101-64) beloved of Peter Abelard: but Pope’s

poem

is

1717

helpline (one word)

helpmate

not -meet (one word)

Helsingor

(Dan.) Elsinore

helter-skelter (h3q>hen)

Helvellyn a mountain, Cumbria Helvetia/

(Lat.)

Switzerland (used as a

lin-

guistically neutral term), -n a native of

Switzerland

Hely-Hutchinson/ an

Irish name, the family of the Earl of Donoughmore (hyphen): Victor (1901-47) British composer

name

—

,

hema- prefrx, use haema- (except in US) Hemel Hempstead Herts, (two words) hemidemisemiquaver (mus.) a sixty-fourth Hemingway, Ernest novelist

(Miller) (1899-1961)

hemo-

use Elag-

haemo-

prefix, use

line, not -itch

(except in US)

heliport a landing pad for helicopters (one word)

hemstitch (one word)

helium symbol He

hendiadys the expression of one

hel/ix a spiral curve like the thread of a screw, pi. -ices

hence/forth, -forward (one word) idea by two words connected with and, instead of one modifying the other, e.g. ‘nice and warm’ for ‘nicely

hell (not cap.)

henge

he// (Ger.) clear, bright

Helladic of or belonging to the Bronze Age culture of mainland Greece

US

and journalist

hemistich (prosody) half a

Aganippe and Hippocrene

warm’

a prehistoric

circle of

henna/ an

monument

consisting of a

massive stone or wood uprights oriental shrub,

its

leaves used for

dyeing hair: -ed

hell-bent (hyphen)

henpeck/, -ed (one word)

hellcat (one word)

Henry

(Gr. myth.) the sister of Phrixus, fell from the golden ram into the strait afterwards

Henri

Fr. for

Henry

abbr.

named Hellespont

Henry, O. pseud, of William Sydney Porter

Helle

Hellen

(the Dardanelles)

myth.) the son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, progenitor of the Greek people (Gr.

Hellen/e a (modern or ancient) Greek,

pi. -es:

-ic (cap.)

Hellenist one skilled in Greek: one who has adopted Greek ways, esp. a Jew of the Dispersion

not

‘Eloisa to Abelard’,

note: not semidemi-

Strathclyde, not -borough

myth.) a mountain range in Boeof the Muses, site of fountains

Heliogabalus

scientist

steers (one

Helsinki Finland, in Swed. Helsingfors

hejira use heg-

Hekla

German

(1821-94)

E1-, -sa,

Heisenberg/, Werner Karl (1901-76) German

t)

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand

Helmholtz,

pres.

physicist, discoverer of

-ise

Hellespont now the Dardanelles hell/fire, -hole,

publishers

Henry

Heinrich Ger. Ger. for

signed Henri

German

France) (1797-1856)

Hela

Henslow

Heimskringla

151

Hy

(1862-1910)

henr/y the

SI

US

short-story writer

unit of inductance,

pi. -ies:

abbr.

H Henschel, Sir George (1850-1934), German-born English musician

Henslow, John Stevens (1796-1861) English botanist and geologist

Henslowe

Hesperus

152

|

Henslowe, manager

Philip

English theatrical

(d. c.1616)

hero/

(a not an) pi. -es; -ic

Herodotus

heortology the study of (Church)

Hephaestus

festivals

(myth.) not -aistos, except in Greek

contexts

Herod.

heroi-comic combining the heroic with the comic, in Fr. heroi'-comique', not heroic-comic, -al

Hepplewhite/ an 18th-c. style of furniture, from George — (d. 1786); not Heppel-

heroin a drug, not

Heptateuch

heroine

the

first

seven books of the

OT

Greek historian;

(c.484-c.420 bc)

abbr. Hdt.,

-ine

woman,

a heroic

chief female char-

acter in story etc.

her. heraldry her. heres (heir)

heroize make

Herakles

heraldry abbr. her.

hero-worship/, -ped, -per, -ping (one p in US) herpes a skin disease; herpes zoster shingles

Heralds’ College the College of Arms, abbr.

herpetolog/y the study of

HC

use

Hercules

(apos.)

Herrl

a

hero

of, not -ise

Herault a dep. of France

Herr, der

Herausgeber (Ger. m.) herbaceous not -ious

herr (Norw., Swed.) Mr,

herbari/um

editor (of a text)

herre

a collection of dried plants, a book,

room, or building for these;

pi. -a

(not

ital.)

Herbart, Johann Friedrich (1776-1841) German philosopher and educationist

Hercegovina/

a region in the former Yugo-

Bosnia

slavia;

Herculaneum Vesuvius,

AD

—

a

(hyphen); not Herz-

Roman town overwhelmed by

79; not

-ium

Herculean strong, difficult Hercules not -akles, except in Greek contexts Hercynian (geol.) of a late Palaeozoic

reptiles, -ist; not er-

(Ger. m.) Mr, Sir; pi. -en (Ger.)

the Lord

(cap.)

abbr. hr.

(Dan.) Mr, abbr. hr.

Herrenvolk

(Ger. n.)

master race,

(in

Nazi ideo-

German people Herrgott (Ger.) Lord God logy) the

herringbone Herrnhuter sect (not

a stitch or pattern (one word)

member

a

ital.,

not

-ii-

Her Royal Highness hers (no

of a Christian Moravian even in Ger.)

(caps.) abbr.

HRH

apos.)

here/about(s), -after, -by, (one word)

Herschel,/ Caroline Lucretia (1750-1848) German-born English astronomer; Sir John Frederick William (1792-1871) English astronomer, son of Sir William, b. Friedrich Wilhelm (1738-1822) German-born English astronomer

Hereford: the signature of the Bishop of Here-

Herschell, Baron

mountain-forming time in the

E.

hemisphere

herd book (two words)

ford (colon)

—

—

Herstmonceux

Hereford and Worcester England (1974-98)

a

former county of

hersute

here, here! use hear, hear!

E.

Sussex, former site of the

Royal Observatory; not Hurstuse hir-

Hertfordshire abbr. Herts.

herein/, -after, -before (one word)

Herts. Hertfordshire

here/of, -on, -out (one word)

Hertz/, Heinrich Rudolf (1857-94) German physicist, discoverer of -Ian waves, used in

herejs

(Lat.) heir, pi.

-des; abbr. her.

here/to, -tofore, -under, -unto, -upon (one word) formal and antiquated terms meaning ‘to this

this’,

matter’, ‘before this time’, ‘below’, ‘to

and

prefer the

consequence of’) modern words

‘after (or ‘in

more

this’;

familiar

nov-

elist

Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh (Sc.

law) a person

heritrix an heiress; not

who

-tress,

esp.

of Scripture or literary texts; -s the science of interpretation (treated as sing.)

hermetic

pi. -s

heart use

(Ger. m.) pi.

(cap.)

Herceduke,

Herz6ge\

pi.

-innen; -turn

(n.)

-in

Hesperian

(poet.)

western,

(Gr.

a genus of plants

the evening

star,

dir-

m5Ah.) of or

concerning the Hesperides

Hesperus

(f.)

duchy, not

-thum (caps.) Herzog, Werner (b. 1942) German film ector, b. Werner Stipetic

Hesperis

not -ical

hernia/ a rupture,

same; abbr.

Herzog

Herz (Ger. n.) Herzegovina duchess,

here-

Her Majesty(’s) (caps.) abbr. HM hermeneutic/ concerning interpretation,

pi.

James Barry Munnik (1866-1942) African statesman. Prime Minister 1924-

Herzogl

inherits

unit of frequency,

Hertzog, 39; not

Hergesheimer, Joseph (1880-1954) US

SI

Hz S.

herewith (one word)

heritor

radiocommunication hertz an

Venus

Hesse

153 a German state, in Ger. Hessen; Hessian an inhabitant of Hesse, in Ger.

hiatus/

Hesse

Hess/e,

f.

-in

Swiss writer a strong coarse sacking

het (Du.

n.)

the; abbr.

’t,

van

as

’t

-ism; not

pi. -ae;

heterogeneous

-tair-, -tar-

dissimilar, not -nous

a Polish or Cossack military

mander,

pi.

com-

US Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare (verb) practise witchcraft, bewitch;

(noun)

witch

spell, a

Gr. prefix for six, in Lat.

Hungarian of an ennobled military Hung, hajdu, pi. hajduk

use heigh-

(pencils)

hier

(Ger.) here,

man

hier spricht

hard firm, high frequency.

Home

Home

hieroglyph/ a stylized figure representing a word; -ic(s), -ist, -ize, not -ise a sacred inscription or symbol, not

or esoteric principles

hi-fi

high

fidelity (no points), pi. hi-fis

higgledy-piggledy haphazard, in confusion highball (one word)

highboy

(US) a type of tallboy;

cf.

lowboy

(one word)

HC; High Churchman

(adj.,

hyphen)

high dudgeon

see

dudgeon

highfalutin bombast(ic); not tortion; colloq.

HGV (Brit.) heavy goods vehicle HH His, or Her, Highness; His Holiness Pope); (pencils) double-hard, also

high frequency (hyphen when (the

2H

highjacker

hhd. hogshead,

high jump (two words)

-s

(pencils) treble hard, also

Islands, hie iacet (here lies)

Highland

3H

abbr.),

Hawaiian

attrib.)

high hat a top hat, (mus.) a pair of foot-operated cymbals (also high-hat)

hh. hands (measure of horse’s height)

and postal

little dis-

hi-fi/ pi. -s

high/-flown, -flyer, -flying (hyphens)

(no point)

(official

-en, -n’, -ng, hifa-

high fidelity reproducing sound with

hydrargyrum (mercury) (no point) -s

abbr.

two words)

High Commission an embassy from one Commonwealth country to another

Guard, Horse Guards

hg hectogram,

High Church high-class

high frequency

HI Hawaii

Ger-

hieratic priestly; of the ancient Egyptian writing used by priests (cf. demotic); of Egyptian or Greek traditional styles of art

(caps.,

Forces

HFRA Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy HG His, or Her, Grace; High German, Home

HHH

man deutsch

spoken here

high chair (two words)

hf. half

Hg

HJS

pi. -s

a conjuror’s exclamation (two

Hf hafnium (no point)

h.f.

sepult/

lies;

hidalgo/ a Spanish gentleman by birth,

highbrow

words)

Fleet,

here

buried; abbr. HIS,

hifalutin use high-

(b. 1914) Norwegian ethnologist {Kon-Tiki expedition, 1947)

HF

lies

hierophant an interpreter of sacred mysteries pros-

a

hey presto

a here

hierology sacred literature or lore

Heyerdahl, Thor

hey-ho

(or jacet) (Lat.)

f.

-graph

perity, etc. (one word); not heigh-

class; in

us,

hierogram sex-

Hexateuch the first six books of the OT hey see hay heyday the flush or full bloom of youth,

heyduck

hie iaeet/

hieing not hy-

eka

magic

here and everywhere

a game (hyphens) hideaway (noun) hidebound narrow-minded (one word)

heuristic/ allowing or assisting to discover (an educational method), -s the science of heuristic procedure (treated as sing.); see also eur-

hex-

(Lat.)

hide-and-seek

-men

heu (Lat.) alas! heureka use eu-

hex

hie et ubique novelist

Hetton-ie-Hoie Tyne & Wear (h)q)hens)

HEW

here

not -cough, -kup; -ed, -ing (one p)

Hichens, Robert Smythe (1864-1950) English

heteroousian (theol.) (a person) believing the Father and Son to be of unlike substance, not heterou-; cf. homoiousian; homoousian

het/man

(Lat.) this,

hiccup/

hetaer/a a courtesan or mistress of ancient Greece,

hibernate (of some animals) spend the winter in a dormant state; not hyhic

Hoff

ital.)

the Native American hero of Long-

poem

fellow’s

hessian

-es (not

pi.

Hiawatha

Hesse, Herman (1877-1962) German-born

a

high-minded |

use hi-

a region of Scotland

highlight/, -er (one word)

high-minded

(h5q>hen)

HIV

high pressure

154

|

high pressure (hyphen when

attrib.); abbr.

HP,

h.p.

Hinkley Point Som., the

high priest abbr.

HP

(two words)

high-rise (a building) having (hyphen) high/-risk

(adj.,

hyphen),

high seas, the outside

many

storeys

of a nuclear power

Hinshelwood,

Norman

Sir Cyril

(1897-1967)

British chemist

— road (two words) (US, Sc.)

territorial waters (two

hinterland the (often deserted or uncharted) areas beyond a coastal district or a river’s banks, a remote or fringe area (one word) hip/ bath,

— bone, — flask, — joint

(two

words)

words)

— tea, — tech

(hyphen

when

mark (three words) abbr. highway/, -man (one word) HIH His, or Her, Imperial Highness

HWM

high/ table, attrib.),

site

station

high school (Eng.) a grammar school, a secondary school

— tide, — treason (two words)

high water

hijack/ seize control of aircraft

use -y in all senses

hippo/ hippopotamus,

pi. -s

hip pocket (two words)

Hippocrat/es

etc., steal

goods

(fl.

400

bc)

Greek ‘Father of Medi-

cine’, -ic

Hippocrene

in transit; -er, -ing

a fountain

to the Muses, a

term

on Mt. Helicon sacred

for poetic or literary

inspiration

heg-

hijira/, -h use

hip-length (hyphen)

hippie

Hijaz use Hej-

hippogriff a fabulous monster, not -gryph (not

Hil. Hilary

Hilary a session of the High Court of Justice, the university term beginning in January, esp. at Oxford and Dublin universities; from St Hilary of Poitiers (d. c.367), festival 13 Jan.

with name, Bunker Hill

as Boars Hill,

hill cap.

Edmund

Hillary, Sir

explorer and

Box

Hill,

1919) NZ mountaineer, climbed Everest

(Percival)

(b.

1953

ital.)

hippopotamus/

pi.

word)

-es

hipp/y a person of unconventional appearance, associated with a rejection of conventional values; also a person with broad hips; pi. -ies

hiragana the cursive form of Japanese wilting or kana; cf. katakana hirdy-girdy

(Sc.)

in disorder;

hireable obtainable

hillbilly (one hill

hing e, -ed, -ing

hurdy-gurdy

cf.

for hire, not -rable

hire car (two words)

fort (two words)

hire

purchase

(two words) abbr. HP, h.p.

Hillingdon W. London

hirly-birly use hurly-burly

Hillington Norfolk, Strathclyde

Hiroshima Japan Hirschhorn Museum Washington, DC

hillside (one word) hill

station (two words)

hill/top, -walker,

HIM

hirsute hairy, not her-

-walking (one word)

His, or Her, Imperial Majesty

Himachal Pradesh an Indian Himalaya/

or

the

Hinayana

Skt. for

hinc/

hence,

(Lat.)

-s India

and

Tibet; -n

Theravada

— illae lacrimae hence those

Leics., not

Hind. Hindu,

hie iacet sepult/us, -a (here lies buried)

His/

Eminence

abbr. HE,

— Majesty(’s)

abbr.

Hispanic of or relating

Hink-

ital.)

ital.)

and

USA

-ise

-icist

hindmost (one word) Hindoo use Hindu

hist, histor/ian,

(caps.) abbr.

HRH

-ic, -ical

Hitchens, Sydney Ivon (1893-1979) English

hindquarters (one word)

painter

hitch-hik/e, -er, -ing (hyphen, one word in US)

not -erance

hindsight (one word) not -doo, abbr. Hind, (not

not

Hispanist an expert in or student of the language, literature, and civilization of Spain; not His Royal Highness

Hindu/

(caps.,

to Iberia or Spain

other Spanish-speaking countries; a Spanish-speaking person, esp. one of Latin-American descent, living in the

hind leg (two words)

hindrance

— Excellency abbr. HM

Hispanicize render Spanish, not

-stan, -stani

Hindi not -dee (not

HIS

HE,

state

tears

Hinckley

syllabic

Hitchin ital.);

-ize

-ism,

Herts., not -en

hi-tech use high tech (hyphen

HIV human immunodeficiency

when

Hindu Kush mountains, Afghanistan

virus that causes Aids; ‘HIV virus’

Hindustani

tologous

abbr. Hind., not Indo-

attrib.)

virus, a retrois

tau-

HJ

155

H J hie jacet (here lies) HJS hie jacet sepult/us,

HK Hong

-a

equally unacceptable or unpleasant alternatives

(here lies buried)

Kong: House of Keys,

HL House

Isle

of

hoci age

Man

(Lat.)

attend!;

— anno in this year,

abbr. h.a.

of Lords

Hoccleve,

^

hi hectolitre(s) (no point)

Thomas

(71370-71450) English

poet, not O-

hi. (Ger.) heilig (holy)

HI. S. (Ger.) Heilige Schrift (Holy Scripture)

hoc/ genus omne all of this he has a hit (of gladiators)

HM

hochepot

Head Master, Head

Home

Majesty(’s);

hm

Hoffnung I

Mistress; Her, or His,

(in this

(this

Headmasters’ Conference; Her, or His,

Majesty’s Customs; Royal

HMI

Her, or His, Majesty’s

hock/

a joint of a quadruped’s hind leg; a Rhineland white wine (properly from Hochheim); (esp. US) (verb) pawn, pledge, in pawn or in debt

Government

monumentum

hoc

posuit (erected this

monu-

ment)

not the

—

HNC, HND Higher

National Certificate, Higher

National Diploma

HO Home

Office, (Ger.) Handelsorganisation (state

shop in GDR, taken over in 1990)

Ho holmium

term suggests

in the

—

his

— Silas Kitto (1850-1935) British nov-

Hwang-Ho money or

use

possessions, to save

horde

cf.

hoarhound hoarstone

h.t.;

abbr. h.t. to hoax, drug; -sed, -sing

hodgepodge

use

hotchpotch (except in US)

Hodgkin’s disease

a malignant disease of lymphatic tissues, named after Thomas Hodgkin (1798-1866) English physician

in US)

use hore(Brit.)

place; — mense in this — monumentum posuit erected this monument, abbr. HMP; — sensu in this sense, abbr. h.s.; — tempore at this — titulo in, or under, this time, abbr.

hoc/ loco (Lat.) in this month, abbr. h.m.;

hocus-pocus deception, trickery (hyphen) Hodder & Stoughton publishers

hoar frost (two words, one word

hodmandod

an ancient boundary stone,

not hore-

Hobbema, Meindert

(1638-1709) Dutch paint-

hodograph hodometer

a snail

(math.) a curve use od-

Hoe Plymouth

er

Hobbes,/ John Oliver pseud, of Pearle Mary Teresa Craigie (1867-1906) English writer,

—

Thomas

(1588-1679) English philosopher

hobbledehoy

a

raw youth,

not the

many

vari-

ants

—

Hoe,/ Robert (1784-1833), Richard March Robert (1839-1909) his (1812-86) his son,

—

grandson,

hoeing

not

all

US

printers

hoing

Andreas (1767-1810) T)n:olese patriot Jacobus Hendricus van ’t (1852-1911)

Hofer,

hobby horse (two words) hobnob (one word) hobo/

,

brother

hocus/

(no point)

a store of

these:

in Britain this general

USA it suggests ice Hocking,/ Joseph (1855-1937) and

title,

ho. house

Hoangho

—

elists

His Master’s Voice

hoard

hockey/ field

HMS Her, or His, Majesty’s Service, or Ship HMSO Her, or His, Majesty’s Stationery Office:

HMV

in

—

Her, or His, Majesty’s Inspector

HMP

Chi Minh/ adopted Chinese name of (1890-1969) Vietnamese politician. President of Vietnam 1945-54 and City Vietnam, North Vietnam 1954-69;

Nguyen That Thanh

formerly Saigon

Commission on

Historical Manuscripts

HMG

cook, m.) hotchpotch, stew, rag-

(Fr.

Ho

month), huius mensis

month’s)

HMC

— habet

out

Mission

hectometre(s) (no point)

h.m. hoc mense

’Kind,

(US) a

Hoboken NJ hoboy (mus.)

migrant worker or tramp,

Hoff,

pi.

-es

oboe Hobson-Jobson/ism (hyphen) the assimuse

adopted foreign words to the sound-pattern of the adopting language, e.g. Sir Roger Dowler for the 18th-c. Indian prince ilation of

Siraj-ud-DawIah

Hobson’s choice

Dutch physicist and chemist Hoffmann,/ August Heinrich (1798-1874) German writer (‘Hoffmann von Fallersleben’;

— Daniel (1576— Ernst Theodor

Deutschland iiberAlles, 1841); 1601) German theologian:

Amadeus

(originally Wilhelm) (1776-1822) writer and composer, source of Offenbach’s Tales of Hojfmann; Friedrich (1660-1742) German chemist; see also Hofmann

German

Hoffnung

between taking the thing offered or nothing, not between two a choice

—

(Ger. f.) hope (cap.) Hoffnung, Gerard (1925-59) English humorous artist and musician

Hofmann

hombre

156

|

Hofmann,/ August Wilhelm von (1818-92) German chemist, — Johann Christian Con rad von (1810-77) German theologian, —

Holman-Hunt, William

Holmes, Oliver Wendell

Josef Casimir (1876-1957) Polish pianist and see also Hoffmann Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (1874-1929) Austrian poet, librettist of some operas by Rich-

composer;

ard Strauss

hog a castrated pig hogan a Navajo Indian hut hoggin

etc.

Hogmanay

•

-s,

ial

hoing

dep. Manche, France

NJ (three words)

hoi polloi

(Gr.)

as hoi

hokey ficial;

(US

si.)

oi,

not the

sentimental, melodramatic,

,

a

holograph (a document) wholly written by hand by the person named as the author Holstein

cream, not hoky-poky

(hyphen)

hokum

1598

photograph of) a threedimensional image formed by the interference of light beams from a coherent

holus-bolus

use

hist, ref-

(a

limbs in turn

hokku

with

light source

communal dance performed

(hist.) ice

offering, wholesale

Holofernes an Assyrian general (-ph- in NEB); a pedantic and pretentious teacher in Rabelais’s Gargantua, 1534, and Shakespeare’s

in a circle with synchronized shaking of the

hokey-pokey

whole burnt

arti-

not -ky

hokey-cokey

a

love’s Labour’s Lost,

the masses; not the (not ital.)

=

holmium symbol Ho Holm Patrick, Baron

hologram

hoe-

Justice of the

Recent

use hoy-

use

pro-

son

(of or relating to) the most recent epoch of the Quaternary period; also called

family

hoiden

US jurist. Associate US Supreme Court 1902-32 (1841-1935)

US

his

Holocene

abbr. hhd.

Hohenzollern, House of the Prussian Imper-

Ho Ho Kus

and

erence to the mass murder of the Jews by the Nazis, 1939-45)

the last day of the year

(Sc.)

a large cask; pi.

(1809-94)

essayist;

sacrifice or destruction (cap.

a gravel mixture

hogshead/ Hogue, La

and

fessor, author,

holocaust of logs

(1827-1910) English

painter (hyphen)

Holy

(US)

=

Friesian

all at

Communion

Holy Cross Day

once (hyphen) (caps.), abbr.

HC

(three words, caps.). Holy

Rood

Day, feast of the Exaltation of the Cross, 14

haiku

stage business used for cheap effect

Holbein, Hans ‘the Elder’ (1465-1524), ‘the Younger’ (1497-1543) both German painters Holderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich (1770-1843) German poet

hold-up (noun) a

delay, a robbery (hj^hen)

holey having holes

Sept.

Holy/ Family,

— Ghost, — Land

(two words,

caps.)

Holyoake,/ George Jacob (1817-1906) EngRt. Hon. Sir Keith lish writer and agitator, Jacka (1904-83) Prime Minister of New Zea-

~

land 1960-72

holy of holies the inner chamber of the Jewish

Holi a Hindu religious

festival

tabernacle (not caps.)

Holiday, Billie born Eleanora Fagan (1915-59)

Holy

US jazz singer holidaymaker (one word) holily in holy manner Holinshed, Raphael (d. c.1580) English chron-

Holy Rood Day see Holy Cross Day Holyroodhouse, Palace of Edinburgh Holy Saturday the day before Easter Sunday

icler; not -ings-,

—

use

—

,

of Lines.)

hoUandais/

(Fr.)

cap.)

f -e Dutch (not cap.)

holiandaise a creamy sauce (not

Hollands Dutch gin (bind.) a

ital.)

paper reinforcement of the

hollowware hollow such

hollyhock

Hollywood

articles

HRE

as Deity (caps.) (naut.) (scour

decks with) soft sand-

stone (one word) in English

Church; but Thursday in Holy Week, or Maundy Thursday, in Roman Church

Holy

Week

the

week before

Easter (two words,

caps.)

(cap.)

back, and sometimes the spine, of a book

etc.

holystone

Holy Thursday Ascension Day

holland a linen (not

hollow

(caps.) abbr.

(caps.)

Holy Spirit

South the Netherlands; North (former division (provinces). Parts of

Holland/

—

-head

Roman Empire

of metal, china, word)

as pots, kettles, jugs, etc. (one

a plant

Los Angeles, Calif.

Holywood Co. Down Horn. Homer

homage

public acknowledgement of

giance, in

homard hombre

(Fr.

(Sp.

Fr.

hommage

alle-

(m.)

m.) lobster

and US

si.)

man

(not

ital.)

Homburg

157

Homburg a soft felt hat Home/ a surname, pron. sel,

homogenize ‘Hume’;

— of the Hir

home/ boy,

-girl someone from the same hometown, community, or neighbourhood home/-brew, -brewed, -brewing (h3q?hen,

(one word)

Home

Counties, the the counties closest to London, i.e. Essex, Herts., Kent, Surrey; sometimes includes Berks., Bucks., Sussex; abbr.

HC home/-grown (hyphen, one word in US) Home Guard (two words, caps.) (a member the British citizen army, 1940-57; abbr. (no points);

see also

HG

US) (hyphen,

of lost causes Oxford University (from Arnold’s Essays in Criticism) (not cap.)

homoeo-

(except in US)

Homer (c.9th c. bc) Greek poet, homeroom (US) (one word)

abbr. Horn,

Home

abbr.

Rule (two words, caps.), homesick/, -ness (one word)

HR

similarity

due

to

common

a word spelt like another but of meaning or origin homoiothermic warm-blooded homoiousian (theol.) (a person) believing the Father and Son to be of like substance (not ital.); cf. heteroousian; homoousian homolog/ue a homologous thing, not -log

homonym

—

pliments, not editor’s {but

—

—

see

editeur)

d’affaires (Fr.) businessman, not des; de bien a respectable man; de cour a courtier; de lettres author; de paille man of straw; d’epee a military man; de robe lawyer; d’esprit man of wit; d’Etat statesman; de fete man of resource; du monde man of fashion

— — —

homograph

or

homophone;

ital.); cf.

not

heteroousian;

homophone

a word having the same sound as another but of different meaning or origin pear)

Homo sapiens humans homosexual

(zool.)

(a

the species

modern

person of either sex) feeling only to persons

(or involving) sexual attraction

of the same sex

Homs homy

Syria use

homey (son or daughter

Honble. Honourable (former Indian

d’auteur, de Vauteur (Fr.) with the author’s compliments; d’editeur, de i’editeur with the publisher’s com-

homme/

a

— —

title)

honch/o (US si.) the person in charge, an admirable man; pi. -os; in Jap. han’cho Hondura/s Cent. America, -n Honegger, Arthur (1892-1955) French-born

in US)

not -eing

Hommage/

be or make homologous, not

-ise

Hon. Honorary, Honourable

homin/id a member of the family Hominidae, -oid a humanlike animal

— —

Homo

(zool.) genus of humans hom/o (Lat.) human being, pi. -ines homoeopath/y the treatment of diseases by

minute doses of drugs that excite similar symptoms; -ic, -ist; not homeo- (US) of the same kind, consistent, uniform; (math.) containing terms all of the -ity

common

of a peer, MP)

homespun (one word) home town (two words, one word homework (one word) homey homelike

same degree;

having a

homograph

(e.g. pair,

home

homogene/ous

(biol.)

homou- (not homoiousian

ment

—

(biol.)

descent

not

Office the British government depart-

—

-etic

(theol.) (a person) believing the Father and Son to be of the same substance,

one word in US)

—

not

homoousian

-like (one word)

home-made (h3^hen, one word in home/maker (one word), -making

homing

homogeneous,

-me

LDV

suggesting home, cosy; (US) unattractively plain, ugly

-y use

homogeny

(US); -ize

of)

homely

homeopath/,

(milk)

different

two words in US)

homecoming

make

descent or origin

(one word)

home/land,

to

-ise

homogen/ous,

Baron

homebody

Home

honorarium |

Swiss composer honey/ badger,

— bee, — buzzard

(two

words)

honey/comb, -dew (one word) honeyed sweet, not -ied honey/moon, -suckle (one word)

Hong Kong S. China (no hyphen), abbr. HK HongKongBank Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (one word)

Honi soit qui mal y pense shamed be he who thinks evil of

it

(motto of the Order of the

Garter)

honnete

homme

(Fr.

m.) a decent, cultivated

man honor/, -able use honour- (except in US)

Honorable

(US) abbr. title for a

congressman

or judge, abbr. Hon.

honorand one honorarium/

to

be honoured

a voluntary fee for professional

services, pi. -s (not

ital.)

honorary

hotchpot

158

|

honorary/

(of office etc.)

our, unpaid;

bestowed as an hon-

— secretary abbr. Hon. Sec.

honorific (utterance) expressing honour or

— gratia

(Lat.)

for the sake

of honour

Honourable

title for the son or daughter of a peer (used with name) or for an MP (used

with constituency,

—

e.g. ‘the

Hon. Member for

abbr. Hon.; for Indian title abbr. Honble.;

’),

Honorable

see also

hoodwink

secretary

Hooghly India, not Hugh Hook, Theodore Edward (1788-1841) English humorist; see also Hooke hookah an oriental pipe, not the many variants hook and eye (no hyphens) Hooke/, Robert (1635-1703) English physicist, —’s law; see also Hook Hooker,/ Sir William Jackson (1785-1865) and — Sir Joseph Dalton (1817-1911) his

hoopoe

S.

use

use hurr/ah, -ay

Hooray/ Henry a rich but ineffectual young man, esp. one who is fashionable, extroverted, and conventional; f — Henrietta Hoover/ (propr.) a vacuum cleaner (cap.); (not cap.) to

not

addict, (Austral,

and

Hopkins/, Gerard Manley (1844-89) English

—

to

mention

Horse

HA

Artillery (caps.) abbr.

in

Fr.

m.

horse/back, -box (one word)

horse brass (two words) horse chestnut

not chesnut (two words)

horse/flesh (one word),

Horse Guards

abbr.

HG

-fly

(hyphen)

(two words, caps.)

horse/hair, -play (one word)

horsepower

a unit of

power (746

watts), abbr.

horse/radish, -shoe (one word) but horse-shoeing (hyphen)

Horseshoe Falls Niagara Shoe Fails Guyana

horst

river, Ont.;

-woman

Horse

(one word)

horselike, not -sy (US)

(geol.)

a raised elongated block of land

bounded by faults on both sides ‘Horst Wessel Song’ the song of the German Nazi Sturm-Abteilung, after the writer of the

words

-qui

-ki,

pi. -s;

horsey

Hopi/ (of or relating to) (a member of) a Native American tribe, or the language of this people; pi. -s;

hors d’oeuvre an appetizer, hors d’aauvre, pi. same

horse/tail, -whip,

vacuum-clean, -ed, -ing

hooves use hoofs hophead (US si.) a drug NZ si.) a drunkard

shudder

I

horse rac/e, -Ing (two words), hut Horserace (one word) Betting Levy Board and Horserace Totalisator Board

wh-

European bird

hoor/ah, -ay

(Lat.)

it

hp

son, English botanists

hooping cough

horresco referens

de pair without an equal

not -ves

pi. -s,

hornblende a mineral, not -d hornpipe a dance, music for it (one word) horology abbr. horol.

of; — concours not for — de combat out of the fight, disabled; -de-ia-ioi outlaw (hyphens); —

(one word)

hoof/ usual

horn,/ English a woodwind instrument, use cor anglais; French a brass instrument

horsj (Fr.) beyond, out competition (not de);

•

Hons. Honours Hon. Sec. honorary

a plant; not hoar-

horizon/, -tal abbr. hor.

—

respect

honoris! causa or

horehound

hort. horticulture

Johns (not John) (1795-1873) US financier; Johns — University Medical Cen

hortus siccus an arranged collection of dried

ter Baltimore, Md. (no apos.)

Hos. Hosea

poet;

,

hop-o’-my-thumb

a

dwarf (hyphens)

plants

hosanna

hop-picker (hyphen)

-ah (not

we pray’; not Hosanna Sunday Palm Sunday

a shout of praise, ‘save, ital.);

Hoppner, John (1758-1810) English painter hopscotch a children’s game (one word)

Hosea

hor. horizon,

hospitaller one of a charitable brotherhood

horja

(Lat.)

Horace

-tal

hour,

(in Lat.

(65-8 BC)

pi.

(one

-ae

Quintus Horatius Flaccus)

Roman

poet, abbr. Hor.

horaej canonicae hours secivae leisure hours

Horatius

Codes

(Rom.

for prayer,

hist.)

who

— sub-

kept the

Sublician Bridge

horde cf.

a troop of

hoard

nomads,

a

crowd of people;

(OT) abbr. Hos.

hospital/ abbr. hosp., -ize not

I

-ise

in US)

hostell/er, -ing (one

I

in US)

hostler a stableman at an inn, use ostler (except in US); (US) a person who services machines, esp. railway engines

hotbed (one word) hotchpot (law) the reunion and blending of properties for the purpose of securing equal division (one word); not hodgepodge (US)

hotchpotch

159

I

hotchpotch dish of

podge

jumble; a

a confused mixture, a

many mixed

ingredients; not hodge-

(US)

hotdog perform

ostentatious stunts,

while

e.g.

skiing or surfing; a person who does this (one word); a frankfurter sandwiched in a soft roll (two words)

hote

m.) innkeeper, host; also guest

(Fr.

hotel preceded by a, not an; name is roman, quoted only where necessary to avoid ambiguity: ‘The Farmhouse’

Hdtei des Invalides hospital for

founded 1670 as a disabled soldiers; contains NapoParis,

tomb (caps.) de ville (Fr. m.) town

leon’s

hotel/

town (one

hospital of a

hall; -Dieu,

cap.);

!’

chief

— garni, —

meuble furnished lodgings hotelier a hotel-keeper (not

ital.,

no accent)

hot/foot, ’head, -house (one word)

hot metal

(typ.)

hot/plate, -pot

Hottentot

houdah Houdan

use

use

type

House

of Keys in the Isle of Man, the elected chamber of T)mwald House of Representatives (US) the lower house of the US Congress and other legislatures

(cf.

Senate), abbr.

HR

house party (two words) house physician abbr. HP (two words) house style (typ.) a printer’s or publisher’s preferred way of presenting text house surgeon abbr. HS (two words) house-to-house performed

at or carried to

each house in turn (hyphens)

house/wife, -work (one word)

Housman,/

A(lfred) E(dward) (1859-1936) English scholar and poet; Laurence (18651959) his brother, English writer and artist

—

Houssaye,/ Arsene (1815-96) French novelist and poet; Henri (1848-1911) his son,

—

French historian

made from molten metal

(cook.),

HRE

Houyhnhnm

in Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels,

a race of horses

-shot (one word)

with noble

acteristics, pron.

Khoikhoi

human

one of

char-

‘hwinnim’; contrasted with

Yahoo

how-

hovercraft (not a breed of fowls

HdvsgdI

Houdin, Jean Eugene Robert (1805-71)

lake,

Howards End

French conjuror

same

cap.) pi.

Mongolia a novel by E. M. Forster, 1910

(no apos.)

Houdini, Harry

b.

Erik Welsz (1874-1926)

US

escapologist

Houdon, Jean Antoine

(1741-1828) French

sculptor

Houghton-le-Spring Tyne

hoummous

see

hour/, -s abbr. in

pi.)

8i

Wear (hyphens)

hummus hr., hrs.,

in scientific

same

and technical work; -glass

(one word)

Muslim

woman,

esp. in the

Paradise; pi. -s

or

-a,

houda,

-ar

how-d’ye-do awkward

situ-

ation (hyphens)

howitzer

a short cannon for high-angle firing of shells at low velocities not howsoe’er (except in poet, con-

texts)

Hoxha, Enver

(1908-85) Prime Minister of

Albania 1944-54, First Secretary of the Labour Party in Albania 1954-85

Hoxnian

(designating or pertaining to) state of the Pleistocene in Britain, identified with the Holsteinian of

Housa use Hauhouse the number of, in a street, has no comma after, as ‘6 Fleet Street’; abbr. ho.

(geol.)

an interglacial

northern Europe

House, the Christ Church (Oxford), the House of Commons, the Stock Exchange house/ agent, — arrest (two words)

houseboat housebote

elephant-seat; not

how-do-you-do

howsoever

but h (no point,

houri/ a beautiful young

howdah an

hoyden tomboy,

not hoi-

Hoyle/, Edmond (1672-1769) English writer on card games; according to correctly,

—

exactly

(one word)

(law) a tenant’s right to repair house (one word)

wood

HP to

housebreak/er, -ing (one word) housecarl (hist.) a member of the bodyguard of a Danish or English Idng or noble, not

housecoat (one word) house flag the distinguishing ping company (two words)

-e

high pressure (also h.p.), high priest, hire purchase (also h.p.), house physician. Houses of Parliament

h.p. horsepower

(also

HQ Headquarters HR Home Rule, (US)

HP, hp)

House of Representatives

hr. (Norw., Swed.) herr (Mr); (Dan.) herre (Mr); flag

of a ship-

house/fly, -holder, -keeper, -keeping, -maid (one word)

house martin (two words) house-mother (hyphen, one word

hour,

pi.

hrs. (non-technical use)

Hradec Kralove Czech

Republic, not Konig-

gratz

Hrdlicka, Ales (1869-1943) Bohemian-born US anthropologist

in US)

HRE

Holy

Roman Empire

H. Rep.

hundred-and-first

160

I

H. Rep. (US) House of Representatives Report (space)

huissier huitres

(Fr. (Fr.

m.) bailiff, doorkeeper oysters

pi.)

f.

—

H. Res. (US) House of Representatives Resolution (space)

huius/ anni

HRH

huilabaioo uproar, not the many variants

Her, or His, Royal Highness

HRIP

pace (here rests in

(Lat.) hie requiescit in

peace)

hrsg.

(Ger.) herausgegeben (edited)

symbol

Humanae

for sesterce, a

Roman

house surgeon; coin equivalent

to a quarter of a denarius

Hs.

(Ger.) Handschrift

h.s.

(Lat.)

(manuscript)

h.t. hoc tempore (at this time), hoc titulo (in, or

fer)

HU

title), (elec.)

(comput.) Hypertext Mark-up Language

wkt.

(cricket) hit

(or

Trans-

— classification, — constant, — Space Telescope, but — law nomer,

’s

rudimentary hookah; con(1882-1947) Polish

hiibnerite a form of manganese tungstate, not hue(Gr.

drama) presumptuous pride that

invites disaster, not hy- (not

huckaback

ital.);

-tic

a rough-surfaced linen fabric, not

hugga-

Hucknall

Notts.,

Hudibras

a satiric

where Byron

poem by

is

buried

Butler,

S.

1663-80

hudibrastic in the style of Hudibras, in octosyllabic couplets with comic rhymes, mockheroic (not cap.)

Hudson Bay Company Hueffer

see

N. America, but

Ford

Hudson’s Bay

Madox Ford

huggaback use huckhugger-mugger secret(ly) (hyphen) Hughenden Bucks., not -don Hugh use Hooghly Hugo, Victor (Marie) novelist,

Huguenot

(1802-85) French poet,

and playwright (hist.)

a 16th-17th-c. French Prot-

estant, not -onot

name

of

the humanities, abbr. Hum.;

(Lat.)

Hum.

Humboldt,/ Friedrich Heinrich Alexander, (1769-1859)

German

naturalist;

— Karl Wilhelm, Baron von (1767-1835) his brother,

German

philologist, statesman,

and

and philosopher, not -ian humer/us the upper-arm bone, pi.

his-

torian

hummingbird

a Turkish bath, use

hummus

a puree of chickpeas

often

-i

(not

ital.)

(one word)

hummum

houmous;

not

hammam and sesame oil, in Turk, humus

hoummos;

use -our (except in US)

humoral (hist.)

violinist

hubris/

life,

1968

humor

fused talk (hyphen)

Huberman, Bronislaw

human

humdrum commonplace (one word) Humean of David Hume (1711-76) Scottish

wicket

Huanghe see Hwang-Ho huarache a leather-thonged sandal, not guaHubble/, Edwin Powell (1889-1953) US astro-

a

of

poet

Harvard University

hubble-bubble

VI,

Baron von

high tension

(comput.) Hypertext Transport Protocol

(Lat.)

humanize not -ise humankind (one word) Humberside a county of England humbie-bee use bumblebee humble pie (to eat), not umble (two words)

hoc sensu (in this sense)

under, this

vitae

see also Lit.

ht. height

ht.

(1812-84) English musician

an encyclical on contraception, by Pope Paul

Humaniora

HSE hie sepult/us, -a est (here lies buried) HSH His, or Her, Serene Highness HT high tension

HTTP

John Pyke

Huiiah,

Hulsean Lectures Cambridge

(Croat) Croatia

hie sepult/us, -a (here buried),

HTML

h.a.;

mens/s of this month,

hullo use he-

Hrvatska

HS

of this year, abbr. abbr. h.m.

(Lat.)

(med.) relating to

body

fluids, esp.

of the four bodily humours

humoresque

a musical caprice, not

humor/ist, -ize not

humorous/,

-ly,

humour-

-ise

-ness

humoursome capricious humous see humus humpback(ed) (one word) Humperdinck, Engelbert/

man

(Gerry)

Dorsey

(1854-1921) Gername of Arnold 1935) British popular singer

adopted

composer; (b.

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester

(1391-1447)

son of Henry IV of England, Protector during minority of Henry VI; but Duke Humfrey’s Library in the Bodleian

Humphrey’s Clock, Master by

Humphry (not -ey) Humpty-Dumpty hum/us

Dickens, 1840

Clinker by Smollett, 1771 (hyphen)

the organic constituent of

-ous

hunchback(ed) (one word) hundert (Ger.) hundred hundred symbol C hundred-and-first

etc.

(hyphens)

soil, adj.

hyperbaton

hundred-per-cent

161

|

hundred-per-cent

hundredweight

(adj.)

‘Hwang-Ho’ or ‘the River Hwang’, but not ‘the

entire

(one word),

pi.

Hwang-Ho

same, abbr.

HWM

cwt.

Hy Henry

Hundred Years War between England and France, 1337-1453 (caps.,

hung see hanged Hung. Hungar/y, -ian Hungary abbr. Hung.; Magyarorszag; in

in

no

(man’s name) (no point) Hyacinthe, Pere born Charles Jean Marie Loyson (1827-1912), French priest

apos.)

Hyades hyaena

Hung. (Magyar)

Hongrie, in Ger. Ungarn

Fr.

Hunstanton Norfolk

Quay

Hunter’s

Strathclyde (apos.)

Calif.

Glos., Staffs.

hurdy-gurdy (mus.)

not

;

not -ey

hurrah or hurray Henry

Hooray

E.

a shrub, not

(colloq.)

hydroelectric plant (no point);

word)

hydrogen symbol H hydro/lysis decomposition by water, -lyse not

hydrophobia rabies, aversion to water hydroplane a kind of motor boat (one word) abbr. hyd.

hyena not hyaeHyeres dep. Var, France

-sk-

Hurstpierpoint W. Sussex (one word)

Hy/gieia

(1913-91) Czechoslovak poli-

of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia 1969-87, President 1975-89 tician, leader

husband abbr. h. Husbands Bosworth Leics. (no apos.) Huss/, John (1369-1455) Bohemian religious Johann Hus;

pi. -s

hydrotherapy (one word)

Sussex, use Herst-

and nationalist reformer,

-ia

hydropathic establishment,

hydro/carbon, -dynamics, -electric (one

hydrostatics

use hara-kiri

in

Czech Jan Hus,

-ite

(Gr.) goddess of health, -geia or -gia the later Rom. spelling; not -gea, -giea

hygien/e the science of health, hying

c.,

in

hussy impudent or immoral woman, not -zzy Huxley,/ Aldous (Leonard) (1894-1963) Eng-

— Sir Juiian Soreil (1887-1975)

and scientific administrator; Thomas Henry (1825-95) their grandfather, biologist and essayist

-ic

use hie-

Hyksos

rulers of Egypt, 17th-16th cc. bc

Hylton-Foster, Sir Harry (1905-65) Speaker of the House of Commons 1959-65

Hymen riage,

a soldier of a light cavalry regiment; a

Hungarian light horseman of the 15th Magyar huszar

lish novelist;

India; Sind, Pakistan; not

-lyze (US) hi-, bi-

not hoo-, except in

hurry-scurry pell-mell, not

hussar

Hyderabad Deccan,

hydro/

hi-, gi-

huriy-burly a commotion; not

in Cer.

not -ise

hyd. hydrostatics

hydrangea

—

Hunyadi Janos a Hungarian mineral water Hunyadi, Janos (1387-1456) Hungarian general of Romanian descent, not -ady; in Hung, the order is Hunyadi Janos hurds use ha-

Husak, Gustav

symbol x

etc.,

Haidar-, Hydar-

Huntly/ Grampian; Marquess of

Hurstmonceux

Taurus

hybris use hu-

—

hurry-curry

stars in

use hi-

(bot.)

hybridize

Huntington/ Cheshire, Hereford, E. Lothian, Staffs., N. Yorks., W. Virginia; Library San

Huntiey

group of

a

use hye-

hybernate hybrid

Huntingdon Cambs.

Marino,

River’

high water mark

hymen/

(Gr. and Rom. myth.) the god of marhymeneal

(anat.) virginal

membrane

(not

ital.),

-al

hymn book

(two words, one word in US)

hyp. hypothesis, hypothetical

hypaesthesia diminished capacity

for sen-

sation, not hypes- (US)

his brother, biologist

—

Huygens, Christiaan

(1629-95) Dutch math-

ematician and astronomer, not -ghens

Huysmans, Joris Karl

(1848-1907) French

h.w.

the transposition of the nat-

(rhet.)

ural relations of (e.g.

two elements in a pro-

‘Theo shook his angry curls’)

hyperaem/ia an hyperaesthesia

wicket

h/w herewith

Hwang-Ho

hypallage

excess of blood, -rhaemia, -remia (US)

use -ssy

(cricket) hit

to the sky, roofiess; not hype-

(US)

position

novelist

huzzy

hypaethral open

the Yellow River, China, not Hoangho; in Pinyin Huanghe; either

-ic;

not

excessive physical sensibility,

not hyperes- (US)

hyperbaton (rhet.) the separation or rearrangement of the normal order of words, esp. for the sake of emphasis (e.g. ‘This 1 must see’)

Hz

hyperbola

162

|

hyperbol/a a curve,

-ic

hyperbol/e exaggeration,

-icai

hypercritical excessively

critical

hypermarket

(Brit.)

a very large supermarket,

usually outside a town (one word)

hyphen

(typ.)

sign

word breaks

(-)

used to join words, indi-

end of a line, or indicate a missing implied element (e.g. hardand paperback) cate

hypnotize

at the

not -ise

hypochondria

a

morbid anxiety about health,

not -condria

hypothecate to mortgage hypothermia abnormally low body temperature

hypothes/is

a provisional explanation, pi. -es;

abbr. hyp.

hypothesize form

hysterectomy

womb

hysteron proteron (rhet.) a figure of speech in which what should come last is put first (e.g.

‘1

die!

I

hysterotomy

hypota/xis (gram.) the explicit subordination of one clause to another, -ctic; cf. parataxis

Hz

(geom.) not hypoth-

-ise, -tize

hysteresis (phys.) a lagging of variation in effect behind variation in cause

hypocri/sy, -te, -tical

hypotenuse

a hypothesis; not

(med.) the removal of the

faint!

1

fail!’)

(not

ital.)

(med.) cutting into the

womb hertz,

point)

an

SI

unit of frequency (no

I

ninth in a

(meaning

nom. I.

pi.

Island,

point), the Elizabethan spelling of ay

series, ‘yes’),

(Dan.) familiar or

solemn

of ‘you’ imperator (emperor), imper-

-s; Isle, -s;

i.

(med. prescriptions) one, (math.) square root of minus one

I,

symbol

I

Ibo

(of or relating to) (a of SE Nigeria, or their

I

IBRD

undotted

i,

i/c in

lA Indian Army, infected area, Iowa (postal

Iowa

(off.

charge, in

Institute of

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

Institute of

iamb/us (US); pi.

classical

two

syllables

(“ -),

intercontinental ballistic missile

Institution of Civil Engineers,

internal-combustion engine Ice. Iceland,

Advanced Motorists

a foot of

ICBM ICE

Incorporated Association of Headmasters; see also AH Ml

not

iamb

-uses not -bi (except in context of Greek poetry); adj. -ic; -ics iambic

age ice axe ice

(two words)

ice/berg, -block, -box (one word) ice/ bucket,

lATA International Air Transport Association

IBA Independent Broadcasting Authority Ibanez, Vicente Blasco (1867-1928) Spanish novelist

Gomez, Dolores

Ibarruri

communist leader,

as

and Republican La Pasionaria an I-shaped section (use approximate actual shape)

a girder with

a serif typeface to

Iberian pertaining to the Spanish peninsula (including Portugal)

ibex/ a wild mountain-goat, (Lat.)

ferred), ib.

in the

(not

sentence or note);

wading

same

ital.,

pi.

-es

place, abbr. ibid, {pre-

not cap. except to begin

see also

Ibiza Balearic Islands, not

Iv-;

(two words)

—

—

cream, cube, hockey (two words) house (two words, one word in US) Icelandic/ (t}^).) roman alphabet now used.

ice/

ice

Old

— called Old Norse in

its lit.

form

ice lolly (two words) Iceni an ancient people of ice/

pack,

— pick, — rink

E.

England

(two words)

ice-skate(r) (hyphen, two words in US)

ice station (two words)

ICFTU

International Confederation of Free

Trade Unions

ich

(Ger.)

I

(cap.

only at the beginning of a

sentence)

idem

Ich dien

bird, pi. -es

— cap

ice-cold (h)q)hen)

(1895-1989) Spanish

politician

known

-ic

a glacial period (not cap.)

verse

laf i Romania, in Ger. Jassy

ibis/ a

command Contemporary Arts

Icarian of Icarus, not -ean

lAHM

ibidem

as the

(UN)

Athletic Fed-

International Atomic Energy Agency

I-beam

known

International Commission for Air Navigation

eration

lAM

ICA

abbr.)

lAA indoleacetic acid lAAF International Amateur

IAEA

for Reconstruction

(UN), also

ICAN

abbr.) la.

Bank

and Development World Bank

IC (comput.) integrated circuit

a sort used in Turk.

(no dot)

(Gr.) iota

International

member of) a people Kwa language: not Ig-

Ibsen, Henrik (1828-1906) Norwegian writer and playwright

for electric current

the (metaphysics) the ego (typ.)

1923) King of Saudi Arabia

ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz (1880-1953) King of Saudi Arabia 1932-53

id (that)

I or i (ital.)

(b.

1982-

atrix (empress) i

Fahd

82;

(roman numeral) one (no

iodine,

(Ger.)

I

serve (motto of the Princes of

Wales) in Catalan Eivissa

I.Chem.E. Institution of Chemical Engineers

Iblis use E-

IBM

I

International Business Machines

ibn also bin (Arab.) son of (used in personal names), abbr. b.

ibn Abdul Aziz,/ Saud (1902-69) son of Abdul Aziz ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia 1953-64, succeeded by his three brothers: Feisal (1904-75) King of Saudi Arabia 1964-75; Khalid (1913-82) King of Saudi Arabia 1975-

—

Ching an ancient Chinese manual of divinations (caps.)

ichneumon ichor

a wasp, a N. African

mongoose

myth.) a fluid flowing like blood in the veins of the gods (Gr.

ichthyology the study of Ashes,

abbr. ichth.

ichthyosaur/us an extinct marine animal,

pi.

Ichthys

i.h.p.

164

I

Ichthys

Christian S5mibol) iniof lesous Qiristos Theou Uios Soter (Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour) (Gr. ‘fish’, early

idiolect the linguistic system of one person,

tial letters

not ideo-

idiosyncra/sy a peculiarity of temperament,

ICI Imperial Chemical Industries

id

not -cy; -tic

— on parle frangais French

here,

(Fr.)

spoken here (no Icknield/ Street,

caps.)

— Way,

IDN etc.

ICN

nomine

in Christi

pi. -s; -ic;

not

icon, iconograph/y,

ICS Indian

(in Christ’s

idolater not

name)

idolize not

eik- (not ital.)

ik-,

nomine

in Dei

idol/um

-ic

ictus (prosody) rhythmical or metrical pi.

God’s name)

stress,

idyll a

same

-or

-ise

a false

Idumaea

Civil Service

(med.) a stroke or seizure;

(in

Ido an artificial universal language based on Esperanto

icky not ikky

icon/

idl/ing, -y not -eing, -ey

not

mental image,

pi. -a

-mea

work of art depicting innocence or

ticity;

a blissful period, not

rus-

-yl

ICU

Intensive Care Unit

IE (Order of the) Indian Empire, Indo-European

ICV

International Code Use (signals)

i.e. id est (that is)

lEA International Energy Agency

ID (US) identification, identity, (mil.) Intelligence Department, (postal abbr.) Idaho

lEE Institution of Electrical Engineers

id (psychol.) not cap.

IEEE

i.d.

id

leper

inner diameter

(Lat.)

that, abbr.

I

i.

International Development Association (UN)

IDB

off.

diamond

-ise

idealogical

etc., use

(Fr.

f.)

IG Indo-Germanic,

ideo-

fixed idea,

— regue accepted

and only

if

if

I.

Gas

(mil.)

Inspector-General

E. Institution of Gas Engineers

Igaunija Latvian for Estonia

the same (man), as mentioned before; abbr. id. (not ital., not cap. except to begin sentence or note); id. generally used to avoid repetition of male author’s name in bibliographic matter when citing more than one work in uninterrupted succession; use ead. (for eadem) for a female author, pi. eaed. (for eaedem), and eid. (for eidem) for two or more authors of whom at least one is male quod the and one female; see also ibidem;

—

as, abbr. i.q.

Igbo

use Ibo

igloo/ an Inuit

snow

ideo/gram, -graph a character s)mibolizing the idea of a thing without expressing its

name

igneous

ideolog/y the study of ideas, a way of thinking;

pi. -s

of, or like, or

produced

by, fire; not

-ious

ignis fatuus a will-o’-the-wisp, (not

pi.

ignes fatui

ital.)

ignitable not

-ible

ignoramus/ an ignorant person, differing

(Lat.)

pi.

-es

refuting a proposition

from that one professes

to be refut-

ing

ignotum per ignotius (Lat.) the unknown by means of the more unknown, not ignotus ignotus

a visionary

hut,

ign. ignotus (unknown)

ignoratio eienchi

identikit (propr.) a system for producing a composite drawing of a face; cf. photofit

ideologue

Jesus (vocative)

(Lat.)

(conjunction, logic and math.)

iff

(Lat.)

same

lesu

(no points)

idealize not

idem/

and Radio Engin-

eers

IFC International Finance Corporation (UN)

buy/er, -ing

idea’d having ideas, not -aed

ideej fixe opinion

Institution of Electronic

IF intermediate frequency

abbr. Ida., postal ID

(S. Aff.) illicit

Ypres

(FI.)

ERE

IDA

Idaho

and Electronics

(US) Institute of Electrical

Engineers

idem

id.

(Lat.)

unknown,

abbr. ign.

IGO intergovernmental organization IGY International Geophysical Year

-ical, -ist; not ideal(pi.) in Roman calendar the fifteenth day of March, May, July, October, the thirteenth of other months

ides

id est case,

id

(Lat.)

that is, abbr. before)

i.e.

(not

ital.,

comma

genus omne

(Lat.) all

lower

i.h. iacet hie (here lies)

IHC same

ihm

(Ger.) to

Ihnen of that kind

as IHS,

C being a form of the

Gr. cap.

S

him

(Ger.) to

i.h.p. indicated

you

(cap.);

(not cap.) to

horsepower

them

I

(Ger.) your (cap.); you (not cap.)

Ihr

IHS

to her, her, their, (familiar)

abbr. of Gr. lesous (H being Gr. cap. long

Men’s Saviour);

tor (Jesus

In

Hominum

Hoc Signo

£);

Salva-

Institution of Heating

cf.

fame

(two words)

ill/-fated,

-favoured not -favored

and Ventilation

feeling (hyphen

when

attrib.)

(roman numeral) two (no point)

ill/-founded, -gotten (hyphens)

(roman numeral) three (no point) (roman numeral)

ill/

use IV (except in classical

or medieval texts)

(one-piece) capital letter; not

Illinois off. abbr.

Y

Ij,

ill/-judged,

^ (one-piece) lower-case letter in Du. used instead of y but alphabetized as y (lyP-)

ij

(med.) two

ill

i.

J. (Ger.) im Jahre (in the year) (spaces in Ger.)

i.

J. d.

im Jahre der Welt

(Ger.)

(in

the year of

the world) (spaces in Ger.)

IJ/muiden town,

SE Nigeria, or their use icky

ikon

use ic-

he,

f.)

(hyphens)

nature (two words)

temper

(not

member of) a people Kwa language; not -aw

of

-omened, -starred (hyphens)

(two words)

ital.)

use

(two words)

ill-used (hyphen)

illusory of more apparent than real value, not -ive; cf. elusive illustrat/ed, -ion abbr. iilus.

m.

it; (It.,

sing.)

illustrator not -er

the

ill

ilang-iiang use ylang-ylang #/e (Fr.

postal IL

ill/-tempered, -timed, -treat, -treatment (hyphens)

ill

IL Illinois (postal abbr.) i7 (Fr.)

III.,

Y-

IJ-,

Ijo (of or relating to) (a

ikky

(US) (hyphen)

Illuminati (pi.) enlightened people, cap. with reference to particular historical movements

-ssel river, -sselmeer/or-

merly Zuider Zee, -stein a town, the Netherlands; not

(two words)

-mannered

ill/-natured, ill

W.

— humour

health,

ill-humoured not -humored illimitable limitless

IJ a water area (in the Netherlands); (typ.) a

U

#7

island

Ile-de-France a French region, province, Paris

will (two words)

nV a pas de

quoi

(Fr.)

don’t mention

ILP Independent Labour Party

square

Penseroso’

poem by

Milton, 1632

‘II

fle-Jesus a county in Quebec

ILR Independent Local Radio

(anat.) a part

Ilium

of the intestine,

holm oak, pi. of Homer (ital.)

ilex/ the

(Lat.)

pi. -a

Troy pi. -a

(Sc.)

III.

Illinois (off. abbr.)

ill.

illustrissimus

ill/-advised, -advisedly, -affected, -assorted (h)q)hens) ill

at

eas^ (hyphens when

attrib.)

ill/-behaved, -bred (hyphens) ill

mental picture,

imam

breeding (two words)

ill/-considered, -defined, -disposed (hyphens)

pi. -s

mosque; a

title

of various Muslim leaders; not -am, -aum I.Mar.E. Institute of Marine Engineers use

em-

imbrication an overlapping of tiles, feathers, etc.; cf. embrocation imbroglio/ a tangle,

imbrue

imbue

pi. -s;

to stain, dye; not

not

scales,

em- (not

ital.)

em-

to saturate, inspire; not

em-

IMCO

Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (UN), now IMO

I.Mech.E. Institution of Mechanical Engineers

Ille-et-Vilaine a dep. of France

IMF

illegalize not

imfe

-ise

insect, pi. -ines; idealized

a leader of prayers in a

imbed

(most distinguished)

see

tennis

IM intramuscular imag/o a winged

of the same place, name, or estate; (colloq.) of family, class, or set, often considered derogatory

of that

ILTF International Lawn Tennis Federation; also

-es

ili/um (anat.) a part of the pelvis, ilk,

a

ILS instrument landing system

lle-St-Louis a Paris square

Iliad

it

ILO International Labour Organization

lle-de-Montreal a county in Quebec

ile/um

(US)

(hyphens) ill

III!

not clear

-atize, -ise

Engineers

III

etc.)

unreadable

ill-equipped (hyphen) ill

(Cruce) Salus, in this (cross) is salvation

to read;

illegitimize not

(vinces)

in this sign (thou shalt conquer); In Hac

IHVE

illegible (of handwriting, print,

enough

later interpreted as Lat. lesus

II

imfe

Ihr

165

International Monetary use

-phee

Fund (UN)

I.Min.E.

in-

166

I

I.Min.E. Institution of Mining Engineers

im Jahre

IMM

the year, abbr.

(Ger.) in

i.

impi

Mining and Metallurgy

Institution of

immanent

indwelling, inherent, the antonym of transcendent: cf. imminent; eminent

Immelmann

(S. Afr.)

an armed band,

(hist.)

a kind of looping aircraft turn

imping/e make an impact, encroach, implacable not -ible

impolder reclaim from the

sea; not

-ing

em-

import/ed, -er abbr. imp.

impose

(cap.)

immesh

(typ.) arrange pages so that they will read consecutively when the printed sheet is folded

use en-

immigra/te come

permanent resident

as a

to

a country other than one’s native land, -nt

impost/or

one who does

impracticable that cannot be

immobiliz/e not

immortalize

emigrate

this; cf.

imminent impending; -ise;

cf.

see also

-ability,

(not

practical, unpractical; see also

impregn/able that cannot be taken by

and

-atable that can be impregnated

impresa

an undertaking

(It.)

impresario/ a manager of operatic or other cultural undertakings (one

(law) property);

not -ise

International Maritime Organization

same

Impressionis/m,

(printer); (Lat.) imperator

impasse

not -ible

movement

em-

imprimatur an

that cannot be traversed

a deadlock (not

cycle

-t, -tic a specific artistic or style of music or writing (cap.); a general tendency or style (not cap.)

(emperor), imperatrix (empress) use

-s

type, plates, etc.; abbr. imp.; see also edi-

impressionable

impassable

ital.); pi.

tion; imprint; reprint

imp.

impanel

not

of a printing machine; all the copies of a book etc. printed at one press-run from the

imp. imperative, imperfect, imperial, impersonal; import/ed, -er; impression, imprimatur imprimeur

s,

impressa (It.) an imprint (obs.) impression (print.) the product from one

movable

immunize render immune, immutable unchangeable

force,

ital.)

-ableness, -ably not

-eab- (except for feasts

(Fr.)

effected or

practical

practical

Immortels, Les the members of the French

see also

-orous not -rous

-er,

Impractical not

-ation

not -ise

Academy immov/able,

not

accomplished;

eminent; immanent

immortelle an everlasting flower

IMO

a Zulu regi-

ment

J.

official licence to print, sanc-

tion; abbr. imp. (not ital. except in a

RC

ital.)

context)

impassible that cannot

impassion/

stir

feel,

passive

imprimatura

emotionally, -ed; not em-

impasto/ the thick lajdng-on of colour,

impayable (Fr.) invaluable, impeccable not -ible

impedance

(elec.)

imprim/er

pi. -s

priceless

(pi.)

atur

encumbrances, baggage

impel/, -led, -ler not

-lor,

imperatjor

(Lat.)

f.

-r/x absolute ruler,

emperor;

imp.

imperf. imperfect, (stamps) imperforate

imperfect

a formula

in the

(Lat.)

gmng

imprim-

first

place, not in primis

name and address of the printer; publisher’s the name of the publisher or publishing division, place of publication, and date

imprint/ the

pi. -s

improvable

not -eable, -ible

I

who

in US)

absolute power (not

imperio

(Lat.)

ital.)

an empire within

an empire

impersonal

that cannot be passed through

abbr. imp.

impetus/ momentum,

ital.)

improvises (It.)

visator, pi. -ori;

f.

improvisation: -ore impro-rice, pi. -rid

I.Mun.E. Institution of Municipal Engineers IN Indiana (postal

abbr.)

indium (no point)

In

impermeable

(not

improvis/e not -ize; -ator one who speaks or plays music extempore: -er in general, one

improwisat/a

imperil/, -led, -ling (one

in

—

impromptu

abbr. imp., imperf.

imperial abbr. imp.

imphee

(Lat.)

(ital.)

imprimis

-ling

imperative (gram.) mood expressing command, abbr. imp.

imperium imperium

printing office,

(ital.)

impedimenta

I.,

(f.)

-eur (m.) printer

current

abbr.

to print, -er/e

imprimi potest

hindrance to alternating

coloured transparent glaze

(It.)

(Fr.)

in. inch, -es

in (Ger.) in, into incentive; pi. -es

a sugar cane; not

-fe,

-phie

in-

(Fr.)

prefix in stating

octavo

^

book

sizes, as in-8°,

in/

\

absentia

in (one’s) absence,

(Lat.)

—

abstracto in the abstract

inadmissible not

-able

(of people) negligent, (of actions) unintentional; -ce

inadvisable

(of thing or course of action)

recommended:

aeternum

##i

(not

-i

ital.);

in

It.

articuio mortis death

at the

(Lat.)

moment

of

inartistic not following the principles of art, lacking artistic skill or talent; cf. unartistic

inasmuch

(of the

banco

inbegriff

(Lat.)

US

President) 20 Jan.;

epitome, embodiment

(cap.)

in/board, -born, -bred, -built (one word)

INC

in

nomine

use en-

not in

open court

in/capsulate, -case

cathedra (Lat.) in the chair of office, cautelam for a warning

—

mm (not now in

inch/ in metric system 25.4

scientific use), pi. -es; abbr. in. (sing,

sign

and

Rock, North Sea (two

in curia

(Lat.)

in

(anat.) a

IND

nomine Dei

in

open court

bone

incu/s

(in

Ind. India,

-n;

in the ear, pi. -des

God’s name)

Indiana

ind. independen/ce,

(off.

-t;

abbr.)

index, indication, indus-

trial

Ind

Coope an

English brewer

not en-

tireless, -y

indefeasible that cannot be initial stage; not

insi-

inflections,

abbr. indecl.

indefatigabl/e -tly

incipient beginning, in an

forfeited, not -able

indefensible that cannot be defended, not -cible, -able

incipit the

first

words

(of

book

incise cut into, engrave: not

etc.)

-ize

use en-

indemni/fy protect against harm or indent

a former annual papal bull

against heretics

name or identity concealed or disguised, the pretended identity; pi. -s; abbr. incog, (not ital.)

— tax (Lat.)

(two words)

temporarily holding a

vacant benefice

independen/ce,

line,

or lines, with a blank

hanging

ital.),

esp.

one bind-

in Sp.

of com-

incomunicado

in material form, definite

-t

abbr. ind., indep.

Independence, Declaration of USA, 4 1776

July

(caps.)

Independence Day

a day celebrating national independence, esp. (US) 4 July

independency

incommunicado without means concrete

begin a

ing apprentice to master; not en-

incognito/ with one’s

munication (not

(typ.)

space; not en-; see also

indenture a sealed agreement,

Incogniti a cricket club

commendam

loss; -ty;

not en-

inclu/ding, -sive abbr. incl.

Coena Domini’

-able,

-eble

includible not -able

income/ group,

indefinite abbr. indef.

indelible that cannot be rubbed out; not

inci. including, inclusive

in

en-

= incunabuium

(Fr.)

indeclinable (gram.) having no or Bell

words)

in/

etc., use

(of

-i

incunabui/a (sing, -um) the earliest examples of any art, (bibliog.) books printed before

indebted

incidentally not

‘In

succubus

"

inchase use enInchcape Rock

inclose

extended meaning),

cf.

Ind poetical for India (no point)

use en-

in/

pi.):

incumber

(in

incurable that cannot be cured

Peru, -n

camera

incub/us a person or thing that oppresses like a nightmare, esp. a male demon believed to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women;

incur/, -red, -ring, -rable

Inca/ (one of) the pre-Columbian people of

in

(bot.) having the upper leaf-margin overlapping the leaf above

1501

name)

Christi (in Christ’s

Inc. (US) Incorporated

incage

use en-

incunabie

as a full court of judges

(Ger. m.)

incr.

use en-, hut incrustation

-uses demons);

before 1937, 4 Mar. in

incrust

pi.

(one word)

Inauguration Day

increas/ed, -ing abbr.

incubous

not en-

-a;

incorrigible not -eable

incroach

-a a lover, pi.

innamorat/o,

unknown

incredible not -able

for ever

inamorat/o f

not -ible

-e

(Fr.) f.

not

unadvisable

cf.

incondensable inconnu/

incontrovertible not -able

inadverten/t

in

Independent

absentia

in

167

a country that has attained

independence

Independent pendent,

a person

(hist.)

who

is

politically inde-

Congregational

(cap.)

Independent Order of Odd Fellows

infected area

168

|

Independent Order of Odd Fellows Oddfellows, abbr. lOOF in deposito (Lat.) in deposit indescribable ind/ex

pi.

Indo-European

(of or relating to) the family of languages spoken over the greater part of Europe and Asia as far as N. India, the hypothetical parent language of this family; abbr. IE, Indo-Eur.

not

not -eable, -ible

-exes, abbr. ind.;

(sci.,

math.)

pi.

Indo-Germanic

-ices; (print.) see fist

‘Index/ Expurgatorius’ (Lat.) an index of the passages to be expunged; Librorum Expurgandorum’ (RC) a list of books that might be read only in expurgated editions; Librorum Prohibitorum’ (RC) a list of books that the Church forbade to be read

nominum

index/

(Lat.)

index of names;

Indo-European

use

Indo-lranian (of or relating to) the subfamily of Indo-European languages spoken chiefly

and Iran

in N. India

Indonesia indep. 1950; formerly Dutch East Indies, with W. New Guinea added 1962 and E. Timor annexed 1974; abbr. indon.; see also

— loco'

Bahasa Indonesia

rum index of places, — rerum subject index, — verborum index of words; pi. indices —

indoor/, -s (one word)

(not

Indostan

ital.)

India/, -n abbr. Ind. trade, pi.

summer

late

autumn,

a

drawing

indubitabl/e not

in, not -aft (US)

-ible; -y

(often followed by

to)

an

attrac-

induction not -xion

—

a period of

Hindu-

tion that leads one on, a thing that induces

ink (two Indian/ clubs, corn, file, words, one cap.), not India ink (US)

Indian

use

inducement

Indianapolis Ind.

—

en-

etc., use

indraught

India/man a large ship in the Indian -men Indiana off. abbr. Ind., postal IN

—

indorse

warm weather

indu/e, -re use enin

a tranquil late period of life

India paper/ a thin book paper, not -ian (no very thin, strong bible hyphen); Oxford paper made only for OUP

Indulgence, Declaration of proclamation of religious liberties, esp. under Charles II in 1672 and James II in 1687 (caps.) industrial abbr. ind.

Industrial Revolution (two caps.)

unpublished, not unedited

India rubber (two words, no cap. in US)

inedit/

Indie (of) the group of Indo-European languages comprising Sanskrit and its modern descendants

inedita

indication abbr. ind.

ineducable incapable of being educated;

(pi.)

signs, identifying

-e

(Fr.)

(Lat.)

unpublished compositions

inedited not published, or published without editorial alterations or additions

marks

(not

indict/ accuse formally by legal process,

ital.)

cf.

indite; -er not -or

ineffaceable that cannot be effaced inefficacious ineffective ineligible not -able

indiction (later Rom. Empire and Middle Ages) a cycle of fifteen years, used for administrative and dating purposes; ‘first [etc.] indiction’ = the first (etc.) year of the cycle, not the first

inequable not

fairly distributed,

not uniform

inequitable unfair, unjust inertia (not

esse

ital.)

but vis inertiae

actually existing

cycle

in

indie

(colloq.) an independent record or film company, not -dy

inessential (something) not necessary, pensable

indigestible not -able

ini

in

—

extenso exceisis in the highest (degree); extremis at the point

—

f.

in fine (finally)

not -ible

indite put into written words;

cf.

inf. infantry, inferior, infinitive

indict

inf. (Lat.) infra (below)

In

individualize not

indMdujum

dis-

of death, in great difficulties

indiscrete not divided into distinct parts

indium symbol

(Lat.)

in full, at length;

indiscreet injudicious

indispensable

not

-atable, -ible

indicative (gram.) abbr. indie, indicia

f.

infallib/le not -able;

-ilist

Pope’s infallibility, not (Lat.)

a believer in the

-ise

the indivisible,

pi. -a

Indo-Aryan (of or relating to) a member of any of the Aryan peoples of India, the Indie group

infant/a daughter of the King and Queen of Spain; -e a younger son of the same (not ital., cap. as title); cf. principe

of languages

Indo-Chin/a an unofficial

collective

name

the countries of the SE peninsula of Asia (hyphen; one word, one cap. in US), -ese

-blist

infantry abbr.

inf.

for

infantryman (one word) infected area abbr. lA

Innes

infer

169

|

ingrain/

infer/, -red, -ring

infer/able not

dyed in the yarn; -ed deeply rooted, inveterate;

(adj.)

specific)

-ence

-rr-;

(adj., less cf.

engrain inferior abbr.

inf.

small character set below the baseline, usually to the side of ordinary charcalled subscript; cf. acters, e.g. 1 2 a b» superior

inferior

(typ.) a

inferno/ a raging fire, a scene of horror, pi. -s; (cap. and ital.) the first part of Dante’s Divina in course of completion

(Lat.)

infighting boxing at close quarters, internal conflict (one word) infill/

fill

infinitive abbr.

f.

(not

ital.)

easily set on fire, flammable; not non-flammable; -tory not flammatory; see

flammable

hac parte

in hoc/

(Lat.)

-or

inflexible not -able

this part

salus safety

and

adv.,

hyphen)

name

of Jesus)

the beginning), initium

(beginning) initial/, -led, -ling (one

I

in US)

initial letter (typ.) a large letter

used at begin-

Teaching Alphabet

etc., use

a

t

(Lat.)

beginning

(as

of a work), abbr.

injuri/a (law) a wrong,

pi.

-ae

not -ann

ink-jet printer (hyphen)

en-

forma pauperis

i

init.

Inkerman Crimea,

en-

etc., use

(caps.) abbr.

(spaced lower case, no points)

ink-blot test (one hyphen; inkblot one word in US)

inflexion use -ction

(Lat.) as

a

pauper

—

below, abbr. inf.; dignitatem undignified, abbr. infra dig., (colloq.) infra dig (Lat.)

infra/red, -sonic, -sound, -structure (one

word)

inkling a slight Icnowledge or suspicion Inklings, the an Oxford group, 1930s-1960s, composed of C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, C. Williams, and others

ink/pot, -stand, -well (one word)

in-laws relatives by marriage (hyphen)

inful/a each of the ribbons of a bishop’s mitre,

—

limine (Lat.) at the outset, abbr. in lim.; loco in place of; loco citato in the place cited, abbr. loc. cit.; loco parentis in the position of parent; mediae res into the midst of affairs; medio in the middle; medio tutissimus ibis the middle course is

in/

—

-ae

infuser one who, or that which, steeps something in a liquid; not -or infusible that cannot be melted in future

(adj.

init. (Lat.) initio (in

initium

inflection modulation of voice, grammatical termination; not -xion

infra/

on

INI in nomine lesu (in the

Initial

inflater one who, or that which, inflates, not

infold

(Lat.)

in this respect,

ning of chapter

inflatable not -eable

pi.

inhabitant abbr. inhab. in

Inishfail poetical for Ireland, not Inn-

symbol

inflamma/ble

in

(hyphen)

in infinitum for ever

inf., infin.

flagrante delicto in the very act of committing an offence (not ital.)

inforce

use en-

in-group a small exclusive group of people

in-house

infin. infinitive

in

ingross

d’—

in this

in, -ing

in fine finally, abbr. in

infinity

(1780-

1867) French painter (no accent), violon an additional skill

ingulf use en-

Commedia in fieri

Jean Auguste Dominique

Ingres/,

(Lat.) in,

or for, the future

Inge, William Ralph,

Dean

(1860-1954) Eng-

—

safest;

inn,

— —

—

— memoriam to the memory (of)

name

of

see

hotel

lish divine

Ingelow, Jean (1820-97) English poet in

genere

(Lat.)

in kind

ingenious inventive

ingenue an

free

from

f.

-a see

inam-

inner (typ.) the side of a sheet containing the second page

innervate supply (an organ

artless girl (not ital.)

ingenuity inventiveness

ingenuous/

innamorat/o

guile,

cf.

Cosmo

Innes,/

-ness

inglenook

a chimney corner (one word) Ingoldsby Legends by R. H. Barham, 1840

ingraft, ingrain (verb) use en-

etc.)

with nerves;

ener(1798-1874) Scottish historian,

— James Dickson (1887-1914) British painter, — Michael pseud, of John Innes Mackintosh Stewart (1906-94) elist,

British nov-

— Thomas (1662-1744) Scottish his-

torian

Inness

insure

170

|

Inness, George (1825-94) US painter

innings a portion of a game played by one pi. same: not inning (except in US)

side,

inshallah

Dragoon Guards,

— Fusiliers;

innkeeper (one word) Innocents’ Day 28 Dec.

innoculate

nomine

in

(caps.)

in the

badges of

sing.);

insisten/ce,

-t

in situ

in position

(Lat.)

name

in

(of a person)

office (not

form

-e (rare) sing,

ital.);

insnare

use ino(Lat.)

and

(pi.

insipient unwise, foolish; not

Enniskillen

see also

(Arab.) if Allah wills

insign/ia

Innisfail use Inishfail

Inniskiiling/

inset (t5q>.) a small map etc. printed within the borders of a larger one

inci-

not -ance, -ant

use en-

so far

(three words,

one word in US)

Innsbruck Austria

insomuch

Inns of Court, the Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln’s Inn, Gray’s Inn

insoucian/ce lack of concern,

such an extent; inasmuch (one

to

word)

inj-

nubibus

(Lat.)

in the clouds,

— nuce in a

nutshell

innuendo/ an oblique, disparaging, or gestive remark; pi. -es; not inu- (not

sug-

inject

an immunizing serum

Bishop

— —

— — principio in the beginning, abbr. in — propria persona in his, or her, own person; — puris naturalibus use imprimis', pr.',

naked

inquir/e undertake a formal or intellectual investigation: -y such

an investigation:

cf.

enquire

—

re (Lat.) in the matter of, rem (law) relating to a matter, rerum nature in the nature of things

—

Nazarenus Rex ludaeorum (Jesus of Naz-

instant of this month, abbr.

at

once

quo

lage,

I

except in

inst.

(Joe.)

same

(not

(Lat.)

instantly

ital.)

in a condition of pupil-

(ante, prius; nunc) in the

now)

state (as formerly; as

instauration (formal) restoration, renewal Inst./D. Institute of Directors,

—

F. Institute

of

Fuel I

except in US);

-led, -ling

de France the association of five French academies: Academie des beaux-arts,

Institut

Academie

fran^aise,

Academie des inscripAcademie des sciences,

INS Immigration and Naturalization

Service

ins. insurance

(Lat.)

(Lat.)

for ever

and ever

use en-

in

Institut francais

du Royaume-Uni the

Institute,

London

separate entries beginning I. (Institution of), FI (Fellow of the Institution of), Rl (Royal Institution of) see

institutionalize not

saecula saecuiorum

insconce

see

Institution

in/road, -rush (one word)

itself,

Institutor not

-ise,

-ionize

-er

Inst./P. Institute of Physics,

— R. Institute of

Refrigeration

in themselves

instruct/or not

(zool.) (Lat. pi.) insects, not -ae

inselberg an isolated hill or mountain rising abruptly from its surroundings (not cap.) insert (bind.) a bookmark, advertisement,

et politiques

separate entries beginning I. or Inst. (Institute of), FI (Fellow of the Institute of), Rl (Royal Institute of)

Institute

French

areth, King of the Jews) (John 19: 19)

Insecta

-ment (one

Academie des sciences morales

inquorate lacking a quorum

se

Is),

tions et belles-lettres,

in/

in

name

-ion

instil/ inculcate gradually (one

input/ (verb) -ting, past and past part, -ted or input

lesus

the

US)

in statu/ pupiUari

secretly

pontificalibus in pontifical vestments; posse potentially; potentia potentially:

in

install/, -lation (two

instanter

ini

INRI

-es,

instantaneous occurring or done

in-patient (hyphen, one word in US)

prim is

Trinitatis (in

inst. instant: institut/e,

—

—

(It.)

abbr. IG, Insp.-Gen.

nomine Sanctae

into;

pace (Lat.) in peace; pari materia in an analogous case; partibus infidelium in the regions of unbelievers, abbr. i.p.i., in partibus,

petto

in

Inst. Act. Institute of Actuaries

inl

in

abbr. Insp.

of the Holy Trinity)

not en-, inn-

cf.

Inspector

INST

ital.)

unconcerned

-t

ital.)

Inspector-General

Innuit use Inuit

inoculate

(not

etc.,

slipped loose inside bound pages; a folded section of book printed separately but bound in with the book, formerly inset

instrument/,

-er;

f.

-ress

-al abbr. instr.

insurance when effected against assurance of life

a risk, but

insur/e provide for a possible contingency, -er (spelling in all insurance senses); abbr. ins.; cf assurance; assure; ensure

inswathe

171

intrigant |

inswathe

Comintern;

also called the

use en-

1938-

skyist

int. interest, interior, interjection, internal,

— the fourth (Trot-

)

‘Internationale, The’ French

international, interpreter

internationally as a socialist

poem adopted hymn,

until 1944

intaglio/ an incised design, pi. -s (not ital.); (typ.) a printing process based on an etched or incised plate

internationalize not

intailed use en-

Internet (comput.)

intangible not -able

internist (med.) a specialist in internal diseases, (US) a general practitioner

intarsia mosaic

woodwork

anthem

the Soviet

nos

-ise

one word)

(cap.,

between ourselves

integration, sign of (math.) f

inter

intelligentsia (collective noun) the intellectual part of a population, not -zia

internuncio/ a papal ambassador,

Intelpost International Electronic Post

interoceanic (one word)

Intelsat International Telecommunications

interpellate (pari.) interrupt to explanation

Satellite

Consortium

in tenebris

(Lat.)

in darkness, in

doubt

(Lat.)

between

among

other things,

— alios among

interpret/, -ed, -er abbr.

inter/collegiate, -colonial, -continental (one word)

-com

(no point),

interregnum/ another,

in

int.,

m. interet

between one ruler and in classical contexts)

— in Germany (1254-73), in

England (1649-60)

(cap.)

terrorem

(Lat.) as

inter se

-or

among,

(Lat.)

-ative, -atively

warning

a

or between, themselves

ital.)

inter-war in the period between two wars, esp. the two world wars (hyphen, one word in

int.

interjection abbr.

int., inter],

US)

interlea/f an extra leaf inserted between the regular leaves of a book; pi. -ves; -ve insert

such a leaf interlinear matter (typ.) small type between lines of larger type

intermedi/ate

intermezz/o

a short piece of entertainment,

an opera by Richard Strauss,

1924

intermission a pause or cessation: interval between parts of a play, film, etc. intermit/ stop for a time; -ted, -tent, -ting internal/ abbr.

int.;

testimonium

(Lat.)

in witness

inthral use en-

inthrone intitule

use en-

etc.,

not en-; but entitle

(It.)

a plaster surface for fresco paint-

ing, not -ico

abbr. inter,

(cap., ital.)

in

intonaco

intermarr/iage, -y (one word)

-combustion engine (one

hyphen) Internal

in toto

intraj

(Lat.)

(Lat.)

entirely

within,

— muros privately

intramuscular within abbr. IM

a

muscle (one word),

intrans. intransitive

intransigent (adj.) uncompromising, in Fr. intransigeant (m. and adj.) (no accent) intrap use en-

Revenue Service

(US)

=

Inland

Revenue Service international abbr.

intrauterine within the

intravenous within int.,

internet., (US) inter-

intra vires

(Lat.)

womb

(one word)

a vein (one word), abbr. IV

within one’s powers

nat’l, int’l

in-tray (hyphen)

International,/ the first an association of working classes of all countries (Marxist 1862-73): the second (‘Socialist’ 1889- ); the third (Russian Communist 1919-43)

—

(adj.)

inter vivos from one living person to another

interior abbr.

-i;

-ative

interrelat/ed, -ionship (one word)

interrupter not

interface (comput.) a boundary or link between two computer units (one word)

pi.

the

-a (not cap.);

in Fr.

a period

pi. -s or (esp.

interrog. interrog/ation,

interdict/, -ion, -ory

int., -ing;

not -pretive; -atively (adv.)

inter-class (hA^^hen, one word in US)

interim (not

demand

interplanetary (one word)

other persons intercity {but ‘Intercity’ (propr.), a type of train) (one word)

interest abbr.

(not

interpolate make insertions

inter intermediate inter/ alia

pi. -s

ital.)

Interpol International Criminal Police Commission

inter/ bury; -red, -ring

inter

(Lat.)

—

intreat use en-

intrench intrigant/

use enf.

-e

an intriguer (not

ital.)

introduction

Irawadi

172

|

introduction abbr. introd.

IOC

introvert not intra-

iodine s)mibol

intrust use en-

lOF Independent Order of Foresters

International Olympic Committee

lOGT

intubate not en-

intussusception

the taking in of foreign matter by living organism, withdrawal of one portion of a tube into another (double s) (physiol.)

intwine, intwist use en(a member of) a Canadian Native American people, or the language of this people (properly Inupiaq); not

Inuit (of or relating to)

loM

I

Good Templars

International Order of

Isle

of

Man

(also

lOM, IM)

Ion. Ionic

lon/ian (hist.) of Ionia, (mus.) the mode; -ic the dialect and architectural order (cap.)

(of)

ioni/c of, relating to, or using, ions; -ze to convert into ions, not -ise

OOF Independent Order of Odd Fellows lOP Institute of Painters in Oil Colours lOR Independent Order of Rechabites I

Eskimo; Inuk; Yupik

Inn-; see also

Inuk/ (of or relating to) (a member of) a Canadian or Greenland Native American people, or the language of this people (properly -titut); not Inn-

Inupiat (of or relating to) (a member of) an Alaskan Native American people, or the language of this people; not Inn-

inure accustom, f#i/

usu

(law) take effect; not en-

— utero in the womb, —

in use,

(Lat.)

iota/ the ninth letter of the Gr. alphabet (I, adscript printed after lower-case alpha,

—

—

eta, and omega: at, yi, an\ subscript printed beneath alpha, eta, and omega: a, y,