The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; New Series [12, 1 ed.]

Citation preview

TIIE

JOURNAL OP THE

ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OP

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

FEW

SEEIES.

VOLUME THE TWELFTH.

LONDON: TRUBNER AND

CO., 57

&

59,

MDCCCLXXX.

LUDGATE HILL.

STKP1IKN AUSTIN AND SONS,

PRINTERS, HERTFORD.

CONTENTS OF YOL. [new

XII.

SERIES.]

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. PAG K c-o

Art.

— On “ The Most Comely Names,”

I.

i.e.

The Laudatory

Praise,

Epithets,

^

^ or

The

Titles of

bestowed on God in the Qur’an or by

Muslim Writers. By J. W. Redhouse, M.R.A.S., Hon. Mem. R.S.L., etc Art. II.

—Notes

1

on a newly-discovered Clay Cylinder of

Cyrus the Great. By Major-General Sir H. C. Rawlinson, K.C.B., President and Director of the Royal Asiatic Society

Art. III.

70

—Note

By

on Hiouen-Thsang’s Dhanakacheka. Robert Sewell, M.C.S., M.R.A.S

98

Remarks by Mr. Fergusson on Mr. Sewell’s Paper

Art. IY.

105

—A Treatise on Weights Archbishop of Nisibin.

and Measures, by Eliya,

By H.

Sauvaire.

(Sup-

plement to Yol. IX. pp. 291-313.)

Art. Y.

— On

the

Age

of the Ajanta Caves.

110

By RIjexdra-

lIla Mitba Rai Bahadur, C.I.E., LL.D., and

Hon. Member

of the

Royal Asiatic Society ....

126

Notes on Babu Rajendralala Mitra’s Paper

on the Age of the Caves at Ajanta.

By

James Fergusson, Y.P., D.C.L., F.R.S.

.

.

139

CONTEXTS.

VI

Art. VI.

—On Sanskrit Texts Discovered in Japan.

Art. VII.

By

Pro-

Max Muller

fessor F.

153

—Extracts from Report on the Islands and Antiquities of

By

Bahrein.

Captain Durand

189

Notes on Captain Durand’s Report upon the Islands of Bahrein. Sir

H.

C.

By Major-General

Rawlinson,

F.R.S.,

K.C.B.,

President and Director of the Royal Asiatic

201

Society

Art. VIII.

—Notes

on the Locality and Population of the

Tribes dwelling between the Brahmaputra and

By

Ningthi Rivers.

Art. IX.

Officer,

Naga

— On the Saka, Samvat, and Gupta Eras. ment

his

to

Damant,

the late G. H.

M.A., M.R.A.S., Political

Hills

—The Megha-Sutra.

By

.

By .

.

—Historical

286

and Archaeological Notes on a Journey

South-Western Houtum- Schindler in

Art. XII.

259

Cecil Bendall, Fellow of

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge

Art. XI.

228

A Supple-

Paper on Indian Chronology.

James Fergusson, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.P.R.A.S.

Art. X.

.

— Identification

of

Persia,

By

1877-1878.

A.

312

the “ False

Dawn

”

tho

of

Muslims with the “Zodiacal Light” of EuroBy J. W. Redhouse, M.R.A.S., Hon. peans.

Member R.S.L Art. XIII.

— The Gaurian compared with the Romance guages.

Art.

Art.

327

XIV.— On XV. — On By

the

Part II.

By Mr.

Uzbeg Epos.

Lan-

Brandreth

.

.

335

By Arminius Vambery.

.

365

E. L.

the separate Edicts at Dhauli and Jaugada. Professor H.

Kern

379

CONTEXTS. Art. XVI.

—Grammatical Sketch Uy the Rev.

J.

of the

— Notes

Kakhycn Language.

N. Cushing, of the American

Baptist Mission, Rangoon,

Art. XVII.

vii PAGE

Burma

395

on the Libyan Languages, in a Lotter

addressed to Robert N. Oust, Esq., Hon. Secretary lt.A.S.,

Art. XVIII.

—The

Sources.

by Professor F. W. Newma.v, M.R.A.S.

Early History of Tibet.

By

S.

W.

From Chinese

Bushell, M.D., Physician to

H.B.M. Legation, Peking

Art.

XIX.

435

— Notes on some Inedited Coins, from a Collection made in Persia during the Years 1877-1879. Gut Le Strange, M.R.A.S

Art.

XX. — Buddhist Nirvana, and the Noble By Oscar Frankeurter, Ph.D

Index

417

By 542

Eightfold Path.

548

575

LIST OF

THE MEMBERS OF THE

ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND:

FOUNDED,

March, 1823.

COERECTED TO JULY, M.DCCC.LXXX.

22,

ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON, W.

ROYAL ASIATIC

SOCIETY,

PATRON

HER MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY THE QUEEN. VICE-PATRONS:

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES. THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA. PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR:

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR

H. C.

RAWLINSON,

VICE-PRESIDENTS

SIR SIR SIR

E.

CLIVE BAYLEY.

K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S.

:

K.C.S.I., C.I.E.

THOMAS EDWARD COLEBROOKE,

RICHARD TEMPLE, COLONEL YULE, C.B.

Bart., M.P. Bart., G.C.S.I., C.I.E.

COUNCIL

BRANDRETH, E. L., Esq. DALTON, MAJOR-GENERAL E. T„ ELLIS, SIR BARROW, K.C.S.I.

C.S.I.

FERGUSSON, JAMES, Esq., D.C.L., F.R.S. GOLDSMID, MAJOR-GENERAL SIR F., C.B., K.C.S.I. GROTE, A., Esq. KEATINGE, LIEUT.-COLONEL, V.C. KEMBALL, LIEUT. -GENERAL SIR ARNOLD, K.C.B. LEWIN, LIEUT.-COLONEL, T. H. MACLAGAN, GENERAL.

MEREWETHER, COLONEL

SIR W., K.C.S.I.

MOCKLER, MAJOR. MUIR, SIR

W., K.C.S.I.

NORMAN, LIEUT. -GENERAL

SIR HENRY, K.C.B., C.I.E. PHAYRE, LIEUT. -GENERAL SIR ARTHUR, C.B., K.C.S.I. THUILLIER, LIEUT. -GENERAL SIR H. E. L., F.R.S., C.S.I.

treasurer:

EDWARD THOMAS,

Esq., F.R.S.

SECRETARIES

W.

S.

H.

:

W. VAUX, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F. W. HOLT, Esq., F.R.G.S. HONORARY SECRETARY: N. CUST, Esq.

ROBERT

—

LIST OF

MEMBERS.

3

Pentbcrs.

RESIDENT AND NON-RESIDENT.

N.B.— The marks

prefixed to the names signify Member. * Non-resident Members. t Members who have compounded for their Subscriptions. ${ Members who, having compounded, have again renewed Original

l

their Subscriptions, or given

Donations.

His Royal Highness the Prince of "Wales. fHis Highness Hassan Pasha, Egypt. Abbott, Major-Gen. James, C.B Ellasg, Swan more, Hyde. Abrahams, I., Esq., 56, Russell Square, W.C. ,

*Acquarone, Luigi 31., Constantinople. *Adamson, J., Esq., British Burma. *Addis,

W.

J.,

Esq.

*|Akamatz, S., Esq., Japan. * Alabaster, Harry, Esq., Siam. Alexander, Lieut.-Gen. Service Club

# |Ali

;

Sir

Edward, K.C.L.S., N.B.

Jas.

United

Westerton, Bridge of Allan,

Mahomed Khan.

*Ameer

Alt, Moulvi Syed, M.A., LL.B., India. Ameunet, Professor A., 87, Seymour-street, Hyde-park. Amherst, W. A. Tyssen, Esq., M.P., 88, Brook Street, Grosvenor

Square.

W. W., 18, Eaton W. J., LL.D., Roy.

Anderson, Gen. *Ansorge, Prof.

Rise, Ealing. Coll,

of Mauritius, Port Louis.

Arbib, Dr. Enrico, 33, Lime-street, E.C.

*f Ardaseer,

Cursetji, Esq.,

Bombay.

Ardaseer, Hormanji, Esq., Bombay.

Arnold, Edwin Esq., C.S.I., 69, Harcourt Terrace, Square,

Arthur, Rev. W., M.A., # Aston,

W.

Redcliffe

W. Battersea-rise,

Clapham-common.

G., Esq., Japan.

* Austen, Lieut.-Col. H.H. Godwin-, 17, Bessborough Gardens, S.W. Austin, Stephen, Esq., Bay ley Lodge, Hertford.

*Baba, Tatui, Esq., Japan.

LIST OF

4

H.

Babbage, Major-General

MEMBERS. Park Road,

Dainton House,

P.,

Bromley, Kent. Baillie, X. B. E., Esq., 93, Gloucester -terrace, Hyde-park.

‘^Barkley, D. G., Esq., Lahore.

Batten,

H., Esq., F.B.G.S.,

J.

5,

Manston-terrace, Heavitree,

Exeter.

*Bayley, Sir E. Beal, Rev.

C., K.C.S.I., C.I.E.,

Y.P.B.A.S., Athenaeum Club.

Prof, of Chinese, University College,

S.,

Gower

Street.

*Beahes, John, Esq., Bengal C.S. *Beighton, T. Durant, Esq. *Bell, Major Evans, 110 Holland Park-road, Notting-hill. ,

*Bellew, Walter, H., Esq.,

C.S.I., Lahore.

Benson, Colonel, Whitby, Yorkshire. Berthieb, M. Yictor, Cambodia. Best, J. W., Bangalore, Madras.

Birch,

Esq.

J. K.,

Birdwood, George, Esq., C.S. I., M.D., India *Blair, Major H. F., R.E., India Place,

*Blunt, Bond,

Hyde Park

Office.

P.W. Department,

1,

Clarendon

Gardens.

J. E., Esq., 11. M. Consul, Salonica. I.

Swinburne, Esq.

Boulger, D.

C., Esq., 46,

Edwards Square, Kensington.

Bowring, L., Esq., C.S. I., Lavrockbere, Torquay.

|Brandreth, E.

L., Esq., 32, Elvaston Place, Kensington.

Brown, Chas. P., Esq., 22, Kildare-gardens, Westbourne-grove, W. ^Browne, J. F., Esq., Bengal C.S., Cuttuck. Browne, Captain W. H. St. Barbe, Bengal Staff Corps, Forest Hill, Bideford, Devon.

* Bruce, Charles, Esq. Mauritius.

*Buchan,

St.

John, Esq., Calcutta.

Budge, E. A., Esq., Christ's College, Cambridge. *fBuRGESS, James, Esq., Archaeological Surveyor and Reporter, Bombay 22, Seton Place, Edinburgh. ;

^Burnell, A. C., Esq., Ph.D., Madras C.S., Tanjore. Burrell, Alexander, Esq., *j-BuRNS, David Laing, Esq., Allahabad.

* Burton, Captain R.

F.,

JIM.

Consul, Trieste.

*Butts, Henry H., Esq., Assistant Commissioner, Oudh.

Cababe, Paul, Esq., The Grove

,

Walton-on- Thames.

Cadell, Mrs., 62, Richmond Road * |Cama, K. Rustomji, Esq., Bombay.

W.

s,

LIST OF

5

MEMBERS.

Campbell, Sir George, K.C.S.I., M.l\,

Cornwall Gardens

13,

South Kensington.

W.C.

Cabletti, Signor P. V., 53, Gt. Ormond- street, Queen-street ,

•Carmichael, David

S.,

Esq., Sec. Rev. Department, Madras.

•Center, Prof. D., Analyst, Panjub. •Chamberlain, Basil Hall, Esq., Imp. Kaval

Coll.,

Yedo.

Charnock, Dr. R. S., F.S.A., Junior Garrick Club. Chenery, Thomas, Esq., M.A., 3, Norfolk-square. 11. P., Esq., Madras. •Churchill, H. A., Esq., C.B., II M. Consul-General, Resht.

•Chetti,

fCLARK, Gordon, W., Esq., 72, Great Tower-street.

Clendinning, Miss, 29, Dorset-square,

N.W.

•Cochran, W., Esq. •Codrington, Oliver

E., Esq.,

M.D., Bombay.

•Cole, Major Robert A., Madras Staff Corps, Coorg.

[[Colebrooke, Sir T. E., Bart, M.P., V.P.R.A.S., 14, South-street, Park-lane; Abington House, Abington, Js.B. Couperie, Terrien de

la,

Esq., 326, Kennington Road.

Cowell, Edward B., Esq., Professor of Sanskrit, Cambridge. *Craig, W., Queensland, Australia.

Cranbrook, The Viscount, 17, Grosvenor Crescent, S.W. [Crawford, R. W., Esq., M.P., 71, Old Broad-street. [Crawshat, G. Esq., Haughton Castle, Humshaugh-on-Tgne. •[Cf.uttenden, Captain C.

•Cunha, Gerson

da, Esq.,

J.,

R.N., 16, Talbot-road, Bayswater.

Bombay.

*Cunntngham, Major-General A., R.E., C.S.I., C.I.E., Bengal Army Archeeological Surveyor to the Government of India Simla. Hon. Cust, Robert H., Esq., 64, St. George' s-square, S.W. ,

;

Secretary,

R.A.S.

# |Dajdabhai Pestonji, Esq., Bombay.

Dalton, Major-Gen. E. T., C.S.I., E.I.U.S. Club; Queen Anne' Mansions, St. James's Park.

*Dalyell, Sir Robert A. 0., H.M. Consul, Rustchuk.

Dashwood, H. W., Esq. Davies, the Rev. John, M.A., 16, Belsize-square. [Davis,

Sir

John

Francis,

Bart.,

K.C.B.,

Athenaeum

Club;

Hollywood, Bristol.

*Dennys, 17. B., Esq., Phil.D., Hongkong. [Derby, the Right Hon. the Earl of, 23, St. James' s-square. *Dickson, Sir

J.

R. L., M.D.,

H.M.

Legation, Teheran, Persia.

*Dickson, W., Esq., 26, Queensborough Terrace,

W.

6

LIST OF

Douglas,

ft.

MEMBERS.

K., Esq., Professor of Chinese, King’s College, British

Museum. Dowson, Professor

J., 47, Boundary-road St. John's Wood. *fDoYLE, Patrick, Esq., C.E., Superintendent Public Works, Perak. Drew, The Rev. J. W. W., St. Edward's, Romford. Drummond, the Hon. Edmund, 72, Eccleston Square. ,

|Duff, Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant-, Esq., M.P., York Mouse, Twickenham.

j-

Duff, Smyttan G., Esq., 58, Queen's Gate, S.W. Eastwick, Captain ¥m. J., 12, Leinster-gardens, Myde-park. fEAsxwrcK, E.

E.,

Esq.,

F.R.S.,

C.B.,

Athenceum

Club;

54,

Mogarth-road, Cromwell-road.

|-Edgeworth, M. P., Esq., Athenceum Club.

^Edwards, D. Eggeling,

J.,

J.,

Esq., Singapore.

Esq., Professor of Sanskrit, Edinburgh.

Elliot, Sir Walter, K.C.S.I., F.R.S., Wolfelee, Matvick. Ellis, Sir Barrow, K.C.S.I., India Office; 69, Cromwell-road,

S.W.

IErskine, Claude, Esq., 87, Marley-street.

^Fallon, F. W., Esq., Phil.D. *'Fardunjie, Jamshedji, Esq., Calcutta.

Faulkner, Alexander, Esq., ^Faulkner, A. S. Fergusson,

James,

10, Coverdale

D.C.L.,

Esq.,

Road, Shepherd's Bush.

F.R.S.,

V.P.R.A.S.,

20,

Langham-place. -(•Ferguson, A. M., Abbotsford, Colombo, Ceylon.

-(Ferguson, D. W., Abbotsford, Colombo, Ceylon.

Finlay, Colonel

J.,

449, Strand.

Fitzgerald, G. Yesey

*Fleet,

J. F., Esq.,

S., Esq., 92,

Forlong, Major-General Forster,

Queen' s-gate,

S.W.

Bombay.

the Right

J.

G. R., 11, Douglas Crescent, Edinburgh.

Hon.

W.

E.,

M.P., Reform

Club;

80,

Eccleston- square.

Forsyth,

Sir

Douglas,

C.B.,

K.C.S.I.,

76,

Onslow-gardens,

Kensington.

*Foulkes, the Rev. T., Madras.

Franks, A. W., Esq., M.A., F.R.S., British Museum. Freeland, H. W., Esq., Athenceum Club. Frere, The Right Hon.

Sir

H. Bartlc E., Bart., G.C.S.I., Mope ; Athenceum Club.

G.C.B., Governor of the Cape of Good

Frere,

W.

E., Esq.

Frost, the Rev. George, M.A., 28, Kensing ton-square.

LIST OF

7

MEMBERS.

Fryer, Major George, Madras Staff Corps, Rangoon. Gallenga, Mrs., The Falls, Llandogo, Colford. *Giiose,

Ramchundra, Esq., Calcutta. W. Lockwood, Esq., Gartish, Glasgow.

fGiHB, E. J. Gibbs,

The Honble. James, C.S.I., Calcutta. It., Esq., 39, Amersham Road, New

Gill, T.

Cross, S.E.

Gillett, William Stedman, Esq., ITarefield, Southampton.

*Glasfurd, Lieut.-Col. C. L.

It.,

|Goldsmid, Major-Gen. Sir F.

Bengal Staff Corps.

J.,

C.B., K.C.S.I.,

3,

Observatory

Avenue, Kensington.

*Gordon, The Honble. Sir Arthur, G.C.M.G., Governor of Fiji Islands

*Gordon, Major

Graham, Cyril

Grant,

32, Clarges-street.

It.,

C., Esq., Colonial Office,

S.W.

Charles, Esq., Bengal C.S., Jabbulpore.

Gray, Albert, Esq.,

5,

Langham Chambers.

Gregory, Sir William H., K.C.M.G., Athenaeum Club. *'Griisble, James D. B., Esq., Madras Civil Service, Cuddapah. *Griffin, Lepel H., Esq., Bengal C.S., Lahore.

^Griffith,

It.

T. H., Esq., M.A., Principal Benares College. ,

Grote, Arthur, Esq., 20, Cork-street. fGcEST,

F.R.S.,

Esq.,

E.,

LL.D.,

Master

of

Caius

College,

Cambridge.

Haig, Col. M.

Harrison,

J.

It., 9,

Fox- Grove Road, Beckenham, Kent.

Park, Esq., Alexandra House, Sheerness.

IHeming, Captain Dempster, Madras Town Police. *Hervey, D. T. A., Esq., Great Chesterford, Essex. j-Hi-vwooD, James, Esq., F.R.S., 26, Kensington Palace Gardens.

|Hodgson,

Brian

Houghton, Esq.,

F.R.S.,

Alderley

Grange,

Wotton-under-Edge.

fHoLROYD, Thomas, Esq., Elland Lodge, Wimbledon. * jTIoLRO yd, Major

W.

R. M., Director of Public Instruction, Lahore.

*Holt, H. F. W., Esq., Sec. R.A.S., Byrne Road, Balham. -^Hooper, Walter

F., Esq.,

Hughes, Captain Sir

F.,

Negapatam, India.

K.C.B., Pole, Hove, Wexford.

^Hughes, T. P., Rev., Peshawar. Hunter, W. W., Esq., B.A., LL.D., C.I.E., Director General of Government of India, 9, Gazetteers and Statistics to the Douglas Crescent, Edinburgh.

Hutt, Benjamin, Esq., E.I.U.S. Club, St. James's Square. Imadad Alt, Moulvi Syud, Judge of the S. C. Court, Mozuffurpoor.

8

LIST OF

MEMBERS.

Iounge, S. Takatsgu, Count, Japan. *Irvine, W., Esq., Ghazipur. Jacob, Major-Gen. Sir G.

*f James,

S.

Le Grand,

C.B., K.C.S.I., 12, Queens-

Kens ing ton-gar dens.

borough-terrace,

Harvey, Esq., Bengal Civil

Service, Allahabad.

*Jardine, John, Esq., British Birma.

Johnstone, Major-Gen. H.

C.,

Hutton Lodge, Aldridge Road,

Westbourne Park. Jones, Eev. Henry, 12, Sheffield Gardens, Kensington.

^Joyner,

B., Esq., Bijapur,

It.

Keatinge,

Bombay.

Col. It. H., C.S.I., Y.C., 147,

Cromwell Road S.W.

*Keene, H. G., Esq., District Judge, Meerut. *Keer, the Bev. W. B., Westbury, Dorset. *Kelsall, John, Esq., Madras C.S., Ganjam. * IKembali, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Arnold, C.B., K.C.S.I., 79, Queen's Gate, S.W. # Kielhorn, Dr. E., Principal, Deccan College, Poona. *King, Robert Moss, Esq., Bengal C.S., Oudh.

Knighton, W. Esq., LL.D., Mortimer House, Sydenham, Surrey. *Knox, Sir Thomas George, H.M. Consul-General, Siam. Laidlat, J. W., Esq., Seacliff House, North Berwick, N.B. Lanmann, C., Esq., Professor of Sanskrit, Yale College. fLAw, J. S., Esq., Oriental Club, Hanover Square.

fLAWFOBD, Henry S., Esq., M.A., Lawrence, E. W., Esq., Oakleigh, Beckenham. *Lees, Colonel

W.

Nassau, LL.D., 115, Piccadilly.

Legge, Rev. Dr., Professor of Chinese, Oxford. *fLEiTNER, Gottlieb W., Esq.,

*Le Hesciuer, Hy.

Offg.

Dir. of Public Instruction, Lahore.

P. Esq., C.S.I., Trustee of Bombay Port.

^ILeppeh, C. H., Esq.

fLE Strange, Guy,

Esq., 46, Charles Street, Berkeley Square.

^Lethbridge, Frank, Esq., C.I.E., Press Commissioner, Calcutta.

Lewin, Lieut.-Col., Garden Corner House, The Embankment, Old Chelsea, S.W. *Linbsay, C.

It.,

Esq., Lahore, Panjab.

Loch, Henry B., Esq., C.B., Douglas, *Locke, H. Hover, Esq., Principal of

^Lockhart, James, H.

S.,

Isle

of Man.

the School of

Esq., Colonial

Art, Calcutta.

Office.

Loewe, Dr. L., 1 & 2, Oscar Villas, Broadstairs, Kent. Low, Hugh B., Esq., 2, Warwick Road, Upper Clapton, E. Low, Malcolm, Esq., 22, Roland Gardens, Brompton Road, S.W.

M

e

;

LIST OF

9

MEMBERS.

Ludlow, Major-General J., Oriental Club Hanover Square. *Lumsden, Major-General Sir 1*. S., C.B., C.S.I., 52, Onslow ,

Gardens, S.W. *Lutc ii m epathy, Xaidu Garoo, Barrister-at-Law, Madras. *Lyall, A. C., Esq., C.B., Secretary to Governor-General, Calcutta. Lynch, T. K., Esq., 31, Cleveland-square, Hyde Park. Macartney, Dr., Secretary to the Chinese Embassy ; Richmond

House, 49, Portland Place.

|MacDouall,

Esq., M.A., Professor of

C.,

Oriental Languages,

Queen's College, Belfast.

Mackinnon, Gordon, Esq., Peterhead, N.B. Macleod, Bight Hon. Sir J. MacPh., K.C.S.L, street,

1,

Stanhope-

Hyde-park.

Maclagan, Major-Gen.

( late

Roorkee

Principal

College ),

37,

Lexham Gardens, South Kensington. Macrae, A. C., Esq., M.D., 119, JPestbourne Terrace, W. Madden, F. W., Esq., Hilton Lodge Sudeley Terrace, Brighton. *Madden, Col. S. A., C.B., Army and Navy Club. ,

§*|M‘1seill, Sir

J.,

G.C.B., F.R.S., Granton House, Edinburgh.

Malcolm, General G. A., 67, Sloane-street. *|Mandlik, Rao Sahib Yishvanath Xarayan,

Manning, Miss, *f

35, Blomfield Road,

C.S.I.,

Bombay.

W.

anockjee Cursetjee, Esq., Bombay.

Markham, Clements,

Esq., C.B., F.R.S., 21, Eccleston-square.

|Martin, A. Wollaston, Esq., India

W. E., Esq., 2, Argyle ^Maxwell, W. E., Esq., Belmont *Massey,

Office.

Villas,

Darnley Road, Gravesend.

Place, King's Road, Guernsey.

Mayer, Joseph, Esq., F.S.A., Pennant House, Bebington, Cheshire. Mayne, J. D., Esq., Goodrest, Reading 1, Crown Office Row, Temple.

Melvlll, Philip, Esq., Ethy House, Lostwithiel. Melyill, Major-Gen. Sir P. H., K.C.B., 27, Palmeira-square, Brighton.

Merewether, Colonel

Sir

W., K.C.S.L,

31,

Linden Gardens,

Kensington.

# Merk,

W. R. H., Esq., Bengal C.S., Umritsir. # Mlles, Major-General Joseph, Oriental Club. *Miles, Colonel S. B., Bengal Staff Corps

LHixchin, Lieut.-Col., Bengal Staff Corps walpur, Panjab.

^Mitchell, H., British Burma.

; ;

Polit. Agent, Muscat.

Polit.

Agent of Baha-

LIST OF MEMBERS.

10 Mitforb, A.

B., Esq., 100,

|Mocatta, F. D., Esq.,

Cheyne Walk, Chelsea.

Connaught Place, Hyde Park.

9,

*Mockler, Major E., Bombay Staff Corps, Guadar. Montefiore, Sir Moses, Bart., 7, Grosvenor-gate, Park-lane; Past Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. Morris, Henry, Esq., East cote House, St. John's Park, Blackheath. Muir, John, Esq., D.C.L., LL.D., C.I.E.,

10, Merchiston Avenue,

Edinburgh.

Muir, Sir

AY., K.C.S.I., India

Office;

1,

Wetherby Gardens, S.

Kensington.

*f

unmohundass Dayidass, Esq., Bombay. Murray, The Hon. Sir C. A., K.C.B. ^Narasimmiyengar, Y. N., Esq., Assistant Commissioner, Mysore. *Naville, Edouard, M., Malaguy, near Geneva.

*|Nelson, James Henry, Esq., M.A., Cuddapah, Madras.

Newman,

Prof. E. AY., 15,

Arundel

Crescent,

Weston-Super-Mare.

*'Niemann, Professor G. K., Delft, Holland. *'Nisbet, AY., Esq., British

Noailles,

La Comtesse

*Noer, Count

de,

Burma.

de, Eastbourne.

Noer, Gettorf, Kiel.

*Norgate, Lieut. -Colonel

J. T., Sealkot,

Punjab.

Norman, Lieut. -General Sir Henry, K.C.B., K.C.S.I., 27, Lexham Gardens, South Kensington. Northbrook, The Bight Hon. the Earl of, G.C.S.I., Stratton, Mitclieldever Station, Hants; 4, Hamilton Place, Piccadilly. Northcote, the Bight Hon. Sir Stafford H., M.P., Athenaeum Club; Pines, Exeter.

Ormiston, the Bev. James, The Vicarage, Old Hill, Dudley. *-|Osborne, Lieut.-Colonel J. AY. AVilloughby, C.B., Bengal Staff

Corps Bhopal, India. ,

*Overbury, E. N., Esq., Madras C.S. *Palgrave, AY. G., Esq.

Palmer, Edward H., Esq., Professor of Arabic, Cambridge. Esq. 1 Parker, John F., Pearse, Major-Gen. G. C., R.A., Bangalore. *Peat,

S. E., Esq., Sibsagar.

fPELLY, Lieut.-Col. Sir Lewis, K.C.B., K.C.S.I., Athenaeum Club.

Perry, Sir T. Erskine, K.C.B., India

Phayre, Major-Gen.

Sir

Arthur

Office;

P., C.B.,

30,

^Phillips, Bev. Maurice, Salem, South India.

*fPniurrs, AY. Bees,

3,

Eaton Place.

K.C.S.I ., Athenaeum Club.

Berkeley Place, Cheltenham.

MEMBERS.

LIST OF

11

Pfoundes, C., Esq., 1, Cleveland Row, St. James's. * f Phya Rajaxattayaxthar, His Excellency, Private Secretary the

to

King of Siam.

PiLKiXGXOX, C. James, Esq., Reform Club. Pixcott, Frederic, Esq., 77, Sumner-road, Peckham.

Pisaxi, Count Alexander, Constantinople.

Pitmax, Charles

E., Esq., C.I.E., Hillside , Guildford.

f Platt, William, Esq., Conservative Club

115, Piccadilly.

,

Platts, John T., Esq., 40, Windsor-road, Ealing. Plowdex, Trevor C., Capt., If. J/. Resident, Baghdad. Poole, Stanley Lane, Esq., Queen Anne's

Mansions, St. James's

Park.

Pope, Rev.

Dr. G. U., Bangalore, Madras.

Powis, The Right Hon. the Earl

of,

45, Berkeley-square.

Powell, Baden, Esq., Bengal C.S., Lahore. Priaelx, Osmond de Beauvoir, Esq., 8, Cavendish-square. Pritchard,

J. C., Esq.,

Barrister-at-Law, Madras.

Pcset, S. E. B., Esq., Pusey House, Farringdon.

Rahmax, Abu Fazl Abd-ur-,

f Rajah

Jaeeishax

Dass

Esq., Culcutta.

Bahadoor,

Raees

of

Moradabad,

Rohilkhund.

RiiiAsviiii, Iyengar B.. Esq., Bangalore, Madras. j-RAXsoM, Edwin, Esq., Bedford.

fRAwlix sox, Major-General India

Office;

21,

Sir

H.

K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S.,

C.,

Charles-street,

Berkeley-square ; President

and Director R.A.S. Redhoese,

J.

W., Esq., Hon. M.R.S.L.,

16,

Kilburn Priory.

-(•Reed, Prof. R. T., LL.D., Barrister-at-Law, Hotel Victoria, Rome.

Rice, Lewis,

Esq., Dir. Pub. Instruction, Mysore.

Riceetts, G. H. M., Esq., C.B., E.I.U.S.C.

Riddell, H. B., Esq., Whitefield House, Rothbury, Morpeth. Repox, The Most Hon. the Marquess of, Governor- General of India. Rivett-Carxac, J. H., Esq., C.I.E., Bengal Civil Service, Berar.

Robexsox, Vincent J., Esq., 34, Weymouth Street, W. Rogers, Lieut.-Col. H. T., R.E., Madras. Rogers, E. T., Esq., Minister of Public Instruction, Cairo.

Rollaxd,

S. E., Esq.,

Dibden Lodge, Hythe, Southampton.

Rollo, the Right Hon. Lord, Duncrub Castle, Perthshire.

Ross,

Lieut. -Colonel E. C., Bengal C.S.

fRcssELL, The Lord Arthur, M.P.,

Rcstohjee,

C., Esq., Calcutta.

2,

Audley-square.

12

MEMBERS.

LIST OF

W.

Rylands,

H.,Esq., See. Bib. Arch. Soc., 11, Hart Street,

W.C.

|Rylands, T. Glazebrooke, Esq., Highfields, Thelwall, Warrington. Sabunjie, Rev. Louis, 6, Leamington Road Villas, Westbourne Bark. Salisbury, The Most Hon. the Marquess Sassoon, Sir Albert D., C.S.I., Sassoon,

Reuben

I).,

Esq.,

1,

1,

of,

K.G., Hatfield.

Eastern-terrace

,

Brighton.

Belgrave Square, S.W.

ASatow, Ernest, Esq., Secretary, H. M. Legation, Yedo. *Sauvaire, M., 46, Rue ILontgrand, Marseille. |Sayce, Rev. A. H., M.A., Deputy Professor of Comparative Philology, Oxford.

Scarth, the Rev. John, Milton next Gravesend.

^Schindler, A. H., Esq., Teheran, Persia. '^Schuyler, Eugene, Esq., Liverpool. AScott,

Matthew Henry,

Esq.,

Madras C.S., Kalddgi.

ASenart, Emile, M., 45, Rue Barbet de Jouy, Paris. ASfs tta gtrt Siiastri, B.A., Tripatore. ‘^Sewell, R., Esq., Madras C.S., Bonchurch, Isle of Wight. •"Shirt, Rev. George, Hyderabad.

*Shortt, Dr. John, Madras. ^Sinclair,

W.

F., Esq.,

Bombay.

*Sircar, Mahendra Lai, M.D., Calcutta.

Slade, Sir Alfred, Bart., Somerset House.

*Sladen, Lieut.-Col. E. B., Mad. Staff Corps, Commissr. Arrakan. Smith, Mrs. M. A., 34, Gt. Cumberland-place, Hyde-park. j-

|Sfottiswoode,

Wm.,

Esq., D.C.L., P.R.S., 41, Grosvenor -place.

H. L., Esq., Bhamo, British Burma. Major 0. B. C., Principal, Mayo College, Ajmir. John, •'•St. Stanley of Alderley, The Right Hon. The Lord, 15, GrosvenorASt. Barbe,

gardens,

S.W.

Stent, George Carter, Esq., Shanghai, China.

^Stephen, Carr, Esq., Ludiuna. Strachey, William, Esq., Oriental Club, Hanover Square. AStubbs, Major-General E. W., R.A., Bengal Staff Corps.

*Stulpnagel, Dr., C. R. M.A., Ph.D., Prov. Govern. Coll., Lahore. Suyematsu, Kencliio, Attache a la Legation du Japon, 11, Colville Square,

Hyde Park.

*|Tagore Sourendro MonuN, Rajah Bahadur, Mus.

D., M.ll.S.L.,

Calcutta.

*Temple, Sir Richard, Bart., G.C.S.I., C.I.E., V.P.R.A.S., Athenccum Club.

Temple, Lieut.

ll.E., Ferozeporc.

LIST OF

MEMBERS.

13

* fTiiAKun, Gorparshad, Talookdar of Baiswan, Alligurh. fTnoiiAs, Edward, Esq., E.R.S., Treasurer R.A.S. ; Athenceum Club

;

47,

Victoria-road, Kensington.

Edward

*Tiiomas,

Croft Greenway, Esq.,

Madras C.S.,

Civil

and

Sessions Judge, Vizagapatam.

Thuillier, Lieut.-Gen. Sir H. E. L., R.A., F.R.S., C.S.I., 32,

Cambridge Terrace, Hyde Park. *|Tien Bet, the Bev. A., K.C.M.

*Tolbort, T. AV. H., Esq., Bengal C.S. Trotter, Coutts, Esq., Athenceum Club;

3,

Richmond Gardens,

Bournemouth. Trotter, AY., Esq.,

*T rotter, Major,

11, Jlertford-sireet,

Mayfair.

ll.E., II. M. Consul, Diarbelcr.

Trub.xer, N., Esq., 29, Upper Uamilton-terrace, St. John's Wood.

*Yaughan, The Bev. James, Krishnagar, Bengal. IVernet, Major Sir Harry, Bart., M.P., 38, Upper

Grosvenor-street.

*Vyse, Griffin AVm., B.A., Exec. Engineer, P.W.D., Alison Grove, Dulwich. fVrvYA.x,

Iv.

H.

S., Esq.,

Irewan, St. Colomb, Cornwall.

*AYade, Sir Thomas F., K.C.B., Athenceum Club. ATalhouse, M. J., Esq., 9, Randolph-crescent, Maida Vale. *AYalsh, Major T. P. B., Conservative Club. AVatsox,

J.

Forbes, M.D., 5, Versailles Road, Anerley, S.E. Esq., B.A., Noacolly, Bengal Presidency,

^estmacott, E. Yesey, India.

AVestwood, John, Esq., 24, Coleman-street, E.C.

*Wheler, P. C. Esq., Ghazipur. *Wheeler, J. Talboys, Esq., fAVniTE, James, Esq.,

8,

Thurloe Square.

AYhittingham, AY. B., Esq., 91, Gracechurch-street. fAViLKXN'SON, Robert, Esq., 22,

fAYiiLiAMS,

Monier,

Esq.,

Cumberland-terrace, Regent' s-park.

M.A., D.C.L., C.I.E., Professor of

Sanskrit, Oxford.

*|AYilliams, the Bev. Thomas, Bombay. t Wills,

Howel, Esq., Belgrave Mansions, S.AY.

^fAYcLiioT, Charles Webster, Esq., Deoghur

Bengal. *AYise, James, M.D., Rostellan Castle, Cork.

*Youxg, Title,

AY., Esq.,

Colonel

,

Bengal C.S.

Henry,

C.B., Y.P.R.A.S., Pen-y-wern Road, Earl's Court.

India

Office;

3,

14

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Imtoitmin Iftnnb^s,

HIS HIGHNESS NAWAB IKBAL UD-DAULAH BAHADUR. HIS EXCELLENCY THE MARQUIS TSENG (Chinese Ambassador to the Court of

St. James).

Professor Amari, Florence.

Professor T. Aufrecht, Bonn.

The Rev.

Prof.

K. M. Banerjea, Calcutta.

Pandita Bapu Deva Sastrin, Benares. Professor Theodor Benfey, Gottingen. Professor

Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, Bombay. D.C.L., LL.D., British Museum.

S. Birch, Esq.,

Professor Otto von Bdhtlingk, Jena.

The Right Rev. Robert

Caldwell,

D.D., LL.D., Bishop of

Tinnevelly.

The Rev.

J.

Edkins, Peking.

Professor H. L. Eleischer, Leipzig.

Don

Pascual de Gayangos, Athenceum Club.

Signor Gaspar Gorresio, Turin. Professor Wassili Grigorieff, St. Petersburg.

Pandita Isvarachandra Vidyasagara, Calcutta. Professor Kern, Leiden. Professor Richard Lepsius, Berlin. Professor Barbier de Meynard, Paris.

Babu Rajcndralala Professor F.

Max

Mittra, C.I.E., Calcutta.

Muller, Ph.D., M.A., All Souls'

College,

Oxford.

Dr. J. Olshausen, Berlin. Professor J ules Oppert, Paris. Professor Ernest Renan, Paris. Professor

Rudolph Roth, Tubingen.

Dr. Aloys Sprenger, Wabern, Switzerland. Professor A. F. Stenzler, Breslau. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, K.C.S.I., Alligurh. Ahmed Vdfyq Effendi, Constantinople.

Professor A. Weber, Berlin. Professor

W.

D. Whitney, Yale

College,

Newhaven, U.S.

1,

1ST

OF MEMBERS.

15

^foreign IRemtyrs. By

the regulations of the Society, as amended in 1850, no further additions can he made to the list of the Corresponding or Foreign Members ; the Elections being restricted to Resident, Non-Resident, and Honorary Members.

M. Alexander de Chodzko,

Paris.

Professor Bernhard Dorn, St. Petersburg.

William B. Hodgson, Esq.,

New

York.

Professor Gustavus Seyffarth, United States.

LIST OF

1G

MEMBERS.

(Jm^spondm-g lumbers, [See Note p. 15.]

Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.C.B., late II.B.M.

Plen. at Peking

Envoy Extr. and Min.

14, Great Queen-street, Westminster.

Lieut.-General Sir George Balfour, K.C.B.,

M.P.,

6,

Cleveland-

gardens , Westbourne-terrace.

Maharaja Kali Krishna Bahadur,

Calcutta.

Colonel James Mackenzie, Bengal

Army.

Sir

W.

H. Medhurst, K.C.B., H.B.M. Consul, Hankow.

Professor F. Neve, University of Louvain.

P. Parker, Esq., M.D., Washington.

Harry P. Parkes, K.C.B., H.B.M. Min. Plen. in Japan. The Chevalier Etienne Pisani, Constantinople. The Rev. W. M. Thompson, Beyrut. Richard Wood, Esq., C.B., H.B.M. Consul-General, Tunis. Sir

STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, PRINTERS, HERTFORD,

'

/paincsTon journal:'

\

n I?

THSOliOGx^ ^ #

IT vyv't ftpu - A '

”

'

it*'

i

THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. Art.

I.

— On

i.e.

The Laudatory Epithets, or The

God in the Quran ByJ. W. Redhouse, M.R.A.S.,

Titles

/

*U-AM, of Praise,

Mem.

lion.

R.S.L., etc.

students of the facts and doctrines of Islam, that

promising and purely monotheistic

Muhammad men,

pagan Arabians,

to the

*r/

I {

or by Muslim Writers.

bestowed on

All

/o

“ The Most Comely Names,"

uncom-

promulgated by

faith

kinsmen or country-

his

Jews and Christians who

as also to the Arabic-speaking

dwelt in and about Madina, or the three Arabias, thirteen

have met with some mention of what European writers generally know as “ The ninety-nine names

hundred years ago,

will

of God," but which are denominated in chap. vii. v. 179, as also in chap. xx. v. 7, of the Qur’an itself, “ The Most Comely y O JmT

ijy'—o

Names" said

:

y

P

L,

; call

M

ye, then,

there

is

9

1

* U.AJ

the second:

whom

r/

\

y yP

of these passages

first

aJJ j

l$j

most comely names

save

In the

.

and unto God belong

Him

upon sP

y

i

aJ|

- j jz. aJJ “ Unto God, may He be glorified and Some of the Sufi sect have asserted magnified, (belong) a thousand names.” One line further on there occurs “Wy ^ J^ S y / ^jy S S 9 S S G-O Blit as to the names

it

:

of God,

may He

respect of them.

language.

remain

But

and magnified, well, this number is insignificant in course, the Divine Titles are, in reality, co-extensive with to be feared that “the ninety -nine names of God ” will long

be glorified

Of it is

in the public

mind

as a relic of past belief.

THE MOST COMELY NAMES.

4

which he has copied them, admissibly

occur in the Qur’an with the definite article

used indefinitely

;

others are

made

Some

so.

definite

;

of them

some are there

by a

definite

com-

plement; some remain indefinite with indefinite complements;

and some are found another.

assume

in one

definite

When made

definite,

passage, indefinite in

as in the amulet, the

a special sense, attributing to

words

God, par excellence the ,

quality of which they are themselves, for the most part, the adjectives, epithets, or titles. call

them the “names”

of God, though a few are, in effect,

But even

nouns substantive.

hardly correct for us to

It is

considered nouns adjective

;

these, as all the rest,

consist of several words forming a phrase ; as

a study of the

On

may

be

even

may

be seen by

list.

referring to the Qur’an for the words and

given, I have ascertained that

which do not occur

in that

some are found

phrases so in the lists

volume, even inferentially

;

and

I

have also collected many, mentioned there, which are not included in any one of the

hundred and

fifty,

or

implies a selection.

I

Ninety-nine out of two

lists.

more than

five

hundred, necessarily

have no doubt that

my

below, in alphabetical order, has omitted some of the Divine Titles (as

thorough search would

However through

that

may

I

list,

as given

— nay, many

prefer to style them), that a

more

find or infer in the Scripture of Islam.

be,

one thing becomes abundantly clear

this collation of the various lists with

one another,

and with the sacred book namely It is quite erroneous to use the phrase “ The ninety-nine names of God.” Each list :

;

of ninety-nine of them

is

a selection, varying according to

the religious fancy or preference of

perhaps

took

those

which

occur

some eminent man, who most frequently, or

in

passages more generally read, or more usually recited in the celebration of the prescribed duty of divine worship, or in the

mystical rites of the numerous orders of Dervishes. list should, therefore, be entitled, as the

Such

Muslims sometimes,

THE MOST COMELY NAMES. if

not always, do style

so*

Titles,

,

The reason

it

more

or,

:

A

5

Chaplet of ( ninety-nine) Divine o' * o 9 VT -r* o> c -f s

^

fully :

for the selection of the

number

•

ninety-nine, in

relation to these Divine Titles, is that the chaplet or rosary

used by Muslims in their daily devotions, contains ninetynine beads, divided into three sections of thirty-three each.

The

Dervish orders contain nine

chaplets of the

greater

hundred and ninety-nine.

Possibly, nine hundred and ninety

number— ten

times that of the ordinary chaplet.

is

the true

They

spoken of as containing a thousand

are

;

a

even,

thousand and one.

Why

and thirty-three, were

these numbers, ninety-nine

originally chosen, I cannot say .

But, after the completion

1

of a performance of the prescribed, obligatory divine worship,

a kind of voluntary doxology the

of these, the ejaculation

first

L-«o

God,

s

ejaculation

:

Great,

be counted

insuring accuracy.

But

In

doxology of

recite the

repeated thirty-three times;

be told on the fingers

made up

I

Gloiy belongeth unto God, aJJ

God is Most

not, strictly,

:

in three parts.

'Op

^IsA-.-.is

JJl

i,

that of:

is recited,

;

^

\

at all

ajJl ;

.

'

;

then the

and

finally,

These ejaculations should

but they may, permissively,

and the beads are more convenient, as

Thus

it is

that the chaplet, the rosary, is

of ninety-nine beads, in their three equal divisions.

the three ejaculations, though together recited ninety-

do not, by their nine, or other

“

names of God'' They very nature, enter into any list of ninety-

nine times, do not form ninety-nine

number, of such names or Divine

Titles.

However, the chaplet of beads, the rosary, having been introduced to use at the celebration of the divine service of Islam,

it

is

not to be wondered at that religious fervour,

stimulated in

many

ways, in endless climes,

among

various

1 The thirty-three perhaps originated in counting three each on the joints of the ten fingers, and one triplet added, to make sure. The ninety-nine is simply a multiple of this basis.

THE MOST COMELY NAMES.

6

by

nations,

the stirring events of

have adapted it

it

new forms

to

its

pristine days, should

of pious use.

was a frequent practice with the very

among

the hermits and

monks

Especially, since

earliest

Muslims, as

of the various Christian sects

then abounding in Syria, Egypt, and Ethiopia, to indulge in protracted services of voluntary, supererogatory praise, both in private

and

occasions,

by

God

man’s 9

knows what

duty ^

s

God on common

first

discountenanced

by Muhammad, under the very

best

first

to

Prayer

was from the

individuals,

or forbidden that

in public worship.

^

to

is

is

good

know and

for

rational pleas

His creatures, and that

confess his “

One Lord God,"

y 1,-0

c-ZpM

bowing

,

in cheerful, loving, grateful sub-

mission to the just, merciful, and benevolent decrees of Ilis divine will.

It is,

therefore, quite

erroneous to style the

divine worship of Islam the 'performance of prayers. it

is

not.

scribed, It

It

praise, worship, service alone, in the pre-

is

incumbent divine

ritual of Islam.

furthermore, eminently erroneous

is,

Prayers

and unjust, as

well as equally inconsequent and inconsistent, for professing Christians, writers and speakers, to cast

upon Muslims,

their

scriptures, and their prophet, the unfounded accusation of

That

fatalism.

more

in

is

common

a pagan idea, with which Islam has no

than Christianity has.

What Muhammad

taught, what the Qur’an so eloquently and so persistently sets forth,

and what real

with what

is

Christians,

faithful

Muslims

believe,

conformably

contained in the Gospels and accepted by devout is,

that

God’s Providence pre-ordains,

Omniscience foreknows,

all events,

as

of men, to the sure fulfilment of His all-wise purposes. is,

in fact,

no

difference

His

and overrules the designs There

whatever in the fundamental ethics of

Christianity and Islam, however irreconcilcably divergent

they

may

be on a few, very few, but very important, vital

points of detail, dogmatic belief, and religious polity.

hammad

Mu-

did not profess to preach a new religion, but to

l

,

TIIE

MOST COMELY NAMES.

state to its original simplicity

to

own

be the

a future

and purity, as delivered

whom

patriarchs and prophets in succession, of

The

7

God and

restore the one and only possible old faith in

was

:

\

to the

he himself

last.

Muhammad’s own

early Muslims, in

accord, were used to assemble in the

Madina,— it w as then a mere dyopd, a

time, of their

mosque

first

at

place of assembly, for

r

public deliberation, as well as for worship,

— and there to con-

tinue in the assiduous performance, not only of the stated

When

services, but also of voluntary worship.

the sacred

month of fasting by day, RamaDHSn (Ramazan), came round, more

these assemblies became night-service,

protracted,

and the special long

Mu-

termed Tarawl^, was by them invented.

hammad, hearing

of this novelty, went on three successive

nights to these meetings, or remained after the prescribed

After that, he refrained from attending them

night-service. fearing, as he

is

reported to have said

“

:

lest the

;

perform-

ance thereof be revealed in scripture as incumbent on you.”

He

could not, however, object to them

if

f ' 1

0

*

*

- ' '

J &yj

•

' 77? 4-)-

J

ye who have

for the Qur’an, xxxii.

;

which they are based

41, gives the injunction on

\

•>»

.

w

I

\

.

tf-O.

^

-it*"

.

s'

"WUt

A-

\

commemorate ye God with an

believed,

abundant mention, and doxologize ye

Him morning and

evening.

The custom has continued

Muslim

The Tarawl/i services of

usual

life

(Teravl/Q,

RamaDHan,

of Islam in

is

all

name

of these

The

long,

known

supererogatory

to all acquainted

.

is

a plural noun, of which the

This means

:

an act of taking

application of the plural

special

night-

with the

parts of the world.

f

Tarwl^a,

breath and rest.

the

are

The word Tarawl^, singular

as the universal practice of the

world, orthodox, heretical, or schismatic, to this day.

long

night-services of

word

as the

RamaDHan,

THE MOST COMELY NAMES.

8

arose from the circumstance that rest

were taken

at stated intervals

The whole t'xSj

TarawiA consists of twenty Rak’a,

service of the

performed in

and breathing-time

during the celebration.

five acts or parts of

four Rak’a each, with

an interval, for rest and breathing, between each two as long a duration as the performance of the

acts, of

“act”

itself

requires.

A

may

Rak’a

be considered as a single scene, in the

Rak’a means, lexically

theatrical sense of this last word.

a single act of homing one's self down,

— of

bending the head,

neck, back, and hip-joints, until the back acquires a horizontal Technically,

position.

it is

means

a term of ritual, and

:

a

single section, sub-act, or scene of worship, including various

postures of standing, bowing, sitting, kneeling, and prostration,

with

the recitations uttered, aloud or in a subdued

all

tone, during the performance of those various evolutions

and

their concomitant gestures.

An “act” Turkish jUj scenes,

of worship, a “service,” ),

is

“ services,”

— are

.

and

sometimes made up of two such sections or

sometimes of

three,

Five

prescribed.

all

(in Persian

if

sometimes of four

such

acts

of

;

all

obligatory,

worship, —

such

five

incumbent daily on every Muslim, male or

female, of legal age and right mind,

by

their performance

certain accidents.

Customary “ scenes which are obligatory

when not prevented from

in

”

of worship are appended

some “acts”; and

to

those

customary acts are

performed by the devout between the obligatory “acts,” in imitation of what

Muhammad

was in the habit of doing.

Those which are obligatory are called fsf acts, of worship,

practice

no

and the customary

Besides these, voluntary scenes, and voluntary

ones

termed

liilj

by the devout, of

are of frequent or habitual

,

their

own

free will, with

next to

limit.

The long Tarawi/i “ customary

night-service of

” kind, not being

Ramannan

“ obligatory.”

is

The

of the interval

THE MOST COMELY NAMES. of rest that follows each of

its five

“ sections

up, at the option of each worshipper,

and

sitting still

silent,

worship,

voluntary act of writ,

by

or

—really

resting,

or

9

by a

”

either

may

recitation

public worship this last

is

the one

collects ,

In

.

more generally

a

from holy

prayers from the approved

offering

filled

— or by performing

XIcjVI, or by reciting doxologics,

Ull

practised

A

or rather a combination of the last two or three. or a

be

by actually

;

collect,

portion of scripture, a lesson, or both, forms a sort of

preface, in succession, to each of the three ejaculations of the

which

doxology,

is

repeated

by

times

thirty-three

each

worshipper, in a sort of chorus, the precentor (there are no p

priests in Islam), the “

From

Imam,”

practice he has no real occasion to count

He

times he repeats each. fully

leading and guiding.

modulated measure, into which the thirty-three

tions accurately

have recourse

fit.

The

The chaplet of ninety-nine have been next put

repeti-

less carefully trained devotee

to his finger-joints for the tale;

the rosary, insures against mistakes, and

to

how many

chants the holy words in a beauti-

is

in general use.

beads, the rosary,

to a use that,

may

but the chaplet,

would appear

though forming no part

of the ritual of divine worship, brought those beads into

still

greater veneration.

That text of the Quran, before quoted, which commands

Muslims

“commemorate God with an abundant mention,”

to

was combined, enjoins

their

A

names.”

in

some

calling

one’s mind, with that other

upon

Him by

series of ninety-nine of these

drawn up, perhaps

for private devotion at

memory

in

as a list

recited, in

that order,

was consequently

first,

a certain established as

a

which

“ most comely

His

committed

order,

to

and then

special meritorious exercise

of

voluntary praise, the tale being checked by the beads of the chaplet.

Other devotees would observe that

many

of the “ most

THE MOST COMELY NAMES.

10

comely names ” found

in the

Qur’an were wanting in this

or the original compiler

first list;

may

have prepared various

use on different occasions, but always consisting of

lists for

When two complete lists “ of that number of simple most comely names ” had thus

the same number, nine and ninety.

been compiled, and a

desire, or a need,

third or a fourth, etc.,

was

a

would be found that there were not

it

Recourse would then be had to the compounds so

enough.

Meanwhile, poets

frequent throughout the sacred volume.

and other writers had been divine

make up

felt to

inferable

at

work, and had invented

many

a

not actually found in the Qur’an, but legitimately

title

These

from verbs or nouns contained therein.

would be adopted

into the multiplying lists arranged for the

special service of this or that

body of devotees, and the use of

the chaplet gained ground ever

The greater

more and more.

dervish chaplet was also introduced. It will

have been remarked

in the passage of the

that,

Qur’an above quoted, where the Muslims are commanded to

commemorate God abundantly, they are doxologize Him morning and evening. rendered by the coined term

also

enjoined to

The word here

“doxologize,”

\ys.L>,

imperative verb plural of which the verbal noun This literally signifies an act of doxologizing reciting as a

hymn

,

i.e.

is

is

the .

an act of

of praise, either a single ascription of

glory often repeated, or a string of ascriptions once proffered each.

thus indicating the “ act of doxologizing,” the

From

word

was next applied

used twice

Ox

There

is

/xGx

s

O

not anything

0

x

.

,

itself.

but that

it

[-.

cr* cr? uj

doxologizes with Ilis

glory ; ye, however, understand not their doxologizing xvii. 46. 1

Sale says

:

It is

once in the former sense, and once

in the Qur’an,

in the latter. tP'

doxology

to the

“ their celebration thereof.”

Qur.

;

MOST COMELY NAMES.

TIIE

'I " c if tO lLa l*Lc Aj

" «3

Aac/i

/ j>

voce ;

,

on the head of a rosary Persian X

O d

V.

;

-V>U

^

V ^;

/0

where the stems are

by C/

87. j^Ls^

Not *88.

Not

by

Lane.

the Judge.

'

(See Nos. 3, 88, 96, 123.)

in Q. in the singular.

the Absolute Judge.

any of the

in Q. or

invented

the school of the philosophers, and very frequently used.

89.

R. 57.

the Protector.

90.

the Beloved One.

'

i -o

Not

in Q.

V. 26.

s

9

of God

the Beloved

all!

'

Friend of God

is

that of Noah,

1

Moses, and

-*o

9

Saved of God of God

is

x, ,

+AS the Addressed of God

that of

is

.

of God

the Spirit

^C,

Sami,

9

9

all!

the

i«o ^

u and

to

directly

land by

In V., however, the word

other peoples.

it

of

aivfulness.

V. 42.

(See

Nos. 81, 139, 142.) 139.

'

conferring honour.

Rs. 99.

_j«i

the Possessor

Q. lv. 27, 78

;

II.

of anfulness and of 81

;

Ht. 84

;

R. 87

(See No. 138.)

140. ‘CvAAA

.

a the Possessor of Compassion.

(See Nos. 141, 161, 217, 328.)

Q.

xviii.

57.

MOST COMELY NAMES.

TIIE

the Possessor

141. £JLj Q.

of an ample Compassion.

/See No. 140.)

148.

vi.

29

t

Possessor of authority and

the

142. Jisi j '

jjyfji

143.

(See Nos. 81, 138, 139.)

V. 43.

anfulness.

the Possessor

of longanimity.

Q. xl. 3;

II.

(See No. 144.)

74.

144. jb

rvhom

lyt2

44;

u

xl.

,

G

'\\

(See Nos. 25, 143, 439.)

xl. 3.

Q.

of the empyrean.

.3 the Possessor

\

Q. xvii.

(See Nos. 29, 146, 173, 175.)

15; lxxxi. 20. 9

j the Possessor of longanimity save

.

no God.

thei'e is

145.

J

'J

C-o

?%

J,j*l IjJ the Possessor of the empyrean, the

146.

(See Nos. 26, 145, 175,

Q. lxxxv. 15.

One.

All-glorious

422.)

147. Q.

xli.

j the Possessor of the sore castigation.

(See Nos. 241, 258.)

43.

^

i x c-o

148.

i

p,

six]

149.

C-O

P,

the Possessor

1

bounty.

Q.

of an assurance given, the

(See Nos. 521, 525.) ^y

X G-O

the Possessor

jj

1

V. 44.

Fulfller.

4.

.

I

99

ii.

67, 168

iii.

;

;

viii.

of the most supreme

29, 57

;

xxi.

29

;

lxii.

(See Nos. 150, 151, 152, 153, 156.) 150.

J,Ji .j the Possessor of a bounty torvards

I

all the rvorlds.

Q.

(See Nos. 149,

252.

ii.

151.

.3 the Possessor

the believers.

Q.

of a bounty torvards

(See Nos. 149, 150, 153, 156.)

146.

iii.

151—3, 156.)

jJ’i ,3 the Possessor of a bounty torvards

152.

mankind.

Q.

244

ii.

x.

;

61

;

xxvii.

75

;

xl. 63.

(See Nos.

36, 205, 470.) y O

^

~~a

(

153. cence.

y

t^,y

C-G

j J-saJ

\

p% jj)my Lord.

Occurs a great

many

Q.

ii.

times in

120, 262, etc.; Q.,

H. 2; R.2.

and preserved as a

venerable peculiarity copied from the original manuscript.

(Compare

JbojT

for

No. 412

*166. ifjj the Lord (of so-and-so).

;

and see No. 213.)

Q.

Used hundreds of times with a complement,

as a divine

(See the next following forty-seven articles, etc.)

title.

1

MOST COMELY NAMES.

TIIE

*167.

tto Lord.

Occurs not in Q., nor

any one of the

in

i x

The

this definite form.

R.,

ejaculation

for l-jj C, q.v. above,

is

31

lists,

alone, and in

/

No. 161.

M. and

given by

l>,

(See also

next

the

following numbers.) 168.

Not

>lT,y

t

in Q., but

*169.

Lord of lords. M.

the

!

much


j)!\ j

the earth.

seven heavens.

the

j

1

the seven heavens, xxiii.

Lord of

the

(See also Nos. 24, 171, 173, 174.)

88.^

Q. xxiii.

Lord of the shy and of the earth,

(See Nos. 24, 117, 174, etc.)

23^ 172.

172. w«mJ1

Q.

Most Compassionate One.

Lord of

the

the

Lord of

empyrean.

Q.

the

xliii.

(See also Nos. 29, 145, 146, 173, 174.)

176. U$11j

and of

U j fifl

the earth,

\

eul

s

and of

l-j

j

that which

the is

Lord of the heavens

between them both.

Q. xxxvii. 5; xxxviii. 66; xliv. 6; lxxviii. 37.

(See Nos. 174,

177-180.)

Uj

1/7. the heavens

and of the

earth,

the Compassionate One.

s

i—jj

j

and of what

Q. lxxviii. 37.

is

the

Lord of

between them both,

(See Nos. 176, 214.)

THE MOST COMELY NAMES.

32 178.

Lord of them

.

u

J

and

the

the

and of the earth and of what is between Lord of the places of sunrise. Q. xxxvii. 5.

the heavens

both,

X V -o

X

VI J u°J ,

(See Nos. 176, 197.)

jUUJIT

179.

c

i" '

.'n

'.

.

* "

Vrf '

the

L-rJ

J

} u°J*' J

1

Lord

of the heavens and of the earth, and of what is between them both; the Most Mighty, the Everforgiving One. Q. xxxviii. (See Nos. 176, 288.)

66.

180. the heavens,

L-r>j

*

the

JaxJ

Most Supreme One.

the Lord, the

!

(See

Nos. 192, 294.) 99 , L-c 188. jJjtl 14.

•£ «o l-Jj.I' the

\

Lord, the All-forgiving One.

Q. xxxiv.

(See Nos. 166, 326.)

Q. has the expression indefinite //

c-o

189.

I

i ^