The Journal of Socho 9780804780247

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            ¯   ¯

The Journal of Sōchō Translated and Annotated by

 .          ` Stanford University Press Stanford, California

Stanford University Press Stanford, California ©  by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University The Journal of Sōchō was published with the assistance of the Center for Japanese Studies, University of California, Berkeley. Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper. Cover: Portrait of Sōchō Collection of Saiokuji temple, site of Sōchō’s Brushwood Cottage. The work is signed Kanō Ryūsetsu, a name used by several different members of the Kanō School, the earliest of whom was Kanō Hidenobu 狩野秀信 (c. –) (Dai Nihon shoga meika taikan). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sōchō, –. [Socho shuki. English] The journal of Sōchō / translated and annotated by H. Mack Horton. p. cm.  --- (cloth : alk. paper)  --- (paper : alk. paper) . Sōchō, –—Diaries. . Poets, Japanese— –—Diaries. I. Horton, H. Mack. II. Title. .   .'—dc [] - Original printing  Last figure below indicates year of this printing:           Designed by Eleanor Mennick Typeset by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. in Bembo type

To Professors William H. McCullough Helen Craig McCullough and Kaneko Kinjirō

in affectionate memory migaku to mo hitori wa kokoro nani naramu

Contents

List of Abbreviations Eras and Reigns During Sōchō’s Lifetime (–) A Note to the Translation

ix xi xiii

Book One Second Year of Daiei () Third Year of Daiei () Fourth Year of Daiei () Fifth Year of Daiei () Sixth Year of Daiei ()

    

Book Two Sixth Year of Daiei () Seventh Year of Daiei ()

 

Appendixes A: The Imagawa House B: The Historical Context of the ‘‘Asahina Battle Chronicle’’ C: Chronology of The Journal of Sōchō

  

Notes Bibliography Index of First Lines General Index

   

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations have been used in the text and footnotes of the text. Full publication information is given in the Bibliography, under author or editor where indicated. Gunsho ruijū JS Journal of Sōchō (English translation) KB Koten bunko KNS Katsuranomiyabon sōsho KSSMR Kokusho sōmokuroku KT Kokka taikan NKBT Nihon koten bungaku taikei NKBZ Nihon koten bungaku zenshū NKT Nihon kagaku taikei NKZ Nihon koten zensho RJGPS Renju gappekishū (under Ichijō Kaneyoshi) RSR Rengashi ronkō (under Kidō Saizō) SI Suruga no Imagawashi SKGSRJ Shinkō gunsho ruijū SN Sōchō nikki (under Sōchō) SNKBT Shin Nihon koten bungaku taikei SNKS Shinchō Nihon koten shūsei ST Shikashū taisei ZGSRJ Zoku gunsho ruijū ZZGSRJ Zoku zoku gunsho ruijū GSRJ

Eras and Reigns During Sōchō’s Lifetime (-)

Era Bun’an 文安 

Emperor

Shogun

Gohanazono 後花園 – (r. –)

Hōtoku 宝徳 

Ashikaga Yoshimasa 足利義政 – (r. –)

Kyōtoku 享徳  Kōshō 康正  Chōroku 長録  Kanshō 寛正 

Gotsuchimikado 後土御門 – (r. –)

Bunshō 文正  Ōnin 応仁  Bunmei 文明 

Ashikaga Yoshihisa 足利義尚 – (r. –)

Chōkyō 長享 

Ashikaga Yoshitane 足利義植 – (r. –?)

Entoku 延徳  Meiō 明応  Bunki 文亀 

Ashikaga Yoshizumi 足利義澄 – (r. –) Gokashiwabara 後柏原 – (r. –)

Eishō 永正 

Ashikaga Yoshitane 義植 (r. –)

Daiei 大永 

Ashikaga Yoshiharu 足利義晴 – (r. –)

Kyōroku 享録 

Gonara 後奈良 – (r. –)

Tenbun 天文  Sources: Dokushi biyō, Kuwata , Inagaki 

A Note to the Translation

The Journal of Sōchō (Sōchō shuki) was compiled from  to  by Saiokuken Sōchō (–), the preeminent linked-verse (renga) poet in Japan at the time. It depicts four major journeys between the Kyoto area and Suruga, where Sōchō served as the poet laureate of the Imagawa daimyo house, as well as several shorter excursions and long periods of stasis at various hermitages. Much of Sōchō’s time in and around the capital was spent at Daitokuji or other temples related to his spiritual master, the Zen prelate Ikkyū; in the east, he generally divided his time between lodgings in the Suruga capital and in his Brushwood Cottage (Saioku), in Mariko not far away. The historical and literary context of the work is introduced in the companion volume to the translation, entitled Song in an Age of Discord: The Journal of Sōchō and Poetic Life in Late Medieval Japan. As described in that study, Sōchō’s journal was written during the Age of the Country at War (Sengoku jidai), a century of unprecedented collision between social groups and artistic genres. It was perhaps for that reason that linked verse was the most popular and widely practiced literary form during that era, for its practitioners linked not only verses but cultures as well. Renga masters traveled between the capital, still Japan’s cultural center, and the periphery, facilitating interaction and cultural borrowing as they linked verses into long renga sequences. Sōchō’s journal reflects the interaction of the period and the diverse upbringing of its author, a companion of daimyo and warlords, a disciple of Sōgi, the renga master who sought to preserve orthodox poetic neoclassicism, and a devotee of Ikkyū, the iconoclastic Zen priest. It provides one of the most personal literary self-portraits in the medieval literary corpus. The work is notable for its breadth and freshness of observation, not only of the activities of linkedverse poets and the affairs of great courtiers and daimyo, but also of the lives of local warriors and commoners. This richness of cultural detail is matched by the

A Note to the Translation variety of genres included in the journal; the diarist was a master not only of formal ‘‘high’’ (ushin) renga but also of the unorthodox or comic (haikai) verse that was becoming increasingly important at the time. Sōchō was rare among diarists of the period in the degree of attention he paid to both strains of contemporary poetry. His journal is an introduction in microcosm to many of the important types of contemporary literary composition; while it begins as travel diary, it also includes eremitic passages, historical chronicles, conversations, letters, and more than six hundred poems of nearly every type: renga, waka, haikai, chōka, and linked poetry in Japanese and Chinese. Such variety makes The Journal of Sōchō particularly evocative of the literary and cultural character of Japan during the century of transition from the medieval to the early modern era. But it also results in a work that is at times ill-organized and unbalanced. Modern readers may be inclined to skip, for example, the ‘‘Asahina Battle Chronicle,’’ a lengthy account of now-forgotten provincial warfare that Sōchō inserts immediately after he begins his narrative. The author’s warrior patrons, however, were doubtless particularly engaged by such passages. (For the background to the ‘‘Asahina Battle Chronicle,’’ see Appendixes A and B, and for a summary of the contents of the journal, see Appendix C.) The translation of The Journal of Sōchō is based on the Shōkōkan manuscript, reproduced in Shimazu Tadao, ed., Sōchō nikki (Iwanami Shoten, ), –. In preparing the translation and annotation, I collated Shimazu’s recension with the Saiokuji manuscript, which I photographed at Saiokuji temple (site of Sōchō’s Brushwood Cottage), and four alternative texts: Sōchō michi no ki (an abridged version of Sōchō shuki ). Yūtoku Inari Jinja ms. In Shigematsu : –. Sōchō shuki. In GSRJ : –. Sōchō shuki. In SKGSRJ : – (the GSRJ ms. collated with the Naikaku Bunko ms.). Sōchō Suruga nikki (Naikaku Bunko ms.). Ed. Uzawa Satoru. Vol.  of KB. Page numbers in the translation are referred to as ‘‘JS’’; poems are referred to as ‘‘JS no.’’ The numbers of those poems not by Sōchō have been italicized for the sake of clarity. Poems in the original manuscripts are not numbered or indented, and subtitles do not subsect those manuscripts as they do here (those subtitles are taken by and large from the Shimazu edition). The two maps were prepared with the assistance of cartographer Jennifer xiv

A Note to the Translation Freeman on the basis of Shimazu : –, Takahashi : between  and , and Sawa et al. : . In the translation, toponyms are occasionally abbreviated for euphony in poetic contexts. This translation is indebted to the generous help of the many individuals and organizations named in the preface to the companion volume. But responsibility for the errors that remain is my own.

xv

            ¯   ¯

WAKASA

Lake Biwa

OMI

HIDA

OWARI

MINO

SHINANO

r.

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)

'

\ w a r.

SURUGA

Mt. Fuji

KAI

KOZUKE

Kamakura

SAGAMI

MUSASHI

ek

Main Journeys in The Journal of Socho

aw

KAWACH I

Sakamoto

Yashima Eight Tsushima Hakone Mts. Yumoto (Shorin’an Peaks Kiyosu temple) Pass TANBA Mt. Hiei Moriyama TOTOMI Mishima Shrine Moruyama Atsuta Kiyomi Okitsu Kyoto Shrine MIKAWA a Gate Mirror Mt. Kuwana Miho no Otsu Osaka Gate matsubara Suzuka Fushimi Mariko Eight Bridges Kariya Sunpu Pass Ogura Pond ? Hikuma JA PA N Ujigawa r. Ono Fukozu Honsaka (Hamamatsu) SETTSU Utsunoyama mtn. IZU Pass Tokoname a Kameyama Takigi Kotsugaw r. Kakegawa (Shuon’an IGA Sayo no nakayama mtn. Anonotsu temple) Imahashi Nara Area of Hasedera temple detail Mitsuke Hirao Take Lake Tonomine mtn. Hamana Yamada (Ise Shrine) IZUMI ISE City/town Shinto shrine 1522-24 YAMATO Mountain SHIMA Buddhist temple 1526-27 Provincial boundary Gate Mountain pass KII

Mt. Hira

50 kms

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YAMASHIRO

0

ECHIZEN

Ichijodani

a r. gaw yu

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