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English Pages 664 Year 1832
THE
HISTORY or THE
^
STATE OF MAINE; FROM
ITS FIRST DISC OVER Y5 A. D. 1602,
TO
THE SEPARATION,
By
WILLIAM
IN
A. D. 1820,
D.
TWO
INCLUSIVE.
WILLIAMSON.
VOLUMES.
VOL.
I.
Utaliotocll:
GLAZIER, MASTERS & CO. 1832.
Entebed
according to Act of Congress, in the year
William D. Williamson,
1
832, by
in the Clerk's Office of the District
Court of Maine.
THIS PRINTING IS A FACSIMILE OF THE 1832 EDITION
This edition published by
The Cumberland Press, Inc. Freeport, Maine 04032 Library of Congress Catalog Card
Number:
66-22134
Printed in the United States of America By KJ Printing, Augusta, Maine
1622209
PREFACE. much
authentic History of this State has been long and
An
Maine
sired.
ritory equals
is
a corner-pillar in the
American Republic.
—
its
its
population
one half of New-England,
great and various
ably exceeds
—
its
climate
400,000,
— and
good
is
—
natural resources are
its
now
Several settlements
more than two centuries
limits,
which period, as plantations have spread and multiplied, generations to struggle
the destiny of successive difficulties reiterated
and uncommon, and
The
ings deep and indescribable. since the
consider-
two individual States have a
only
greater extent of seaboard or more shipping.
have existed within
de-
Its ter-
last
to
age,
;
it
through has been
wars and
with
wade through
suffer-
however, particularly
American Revolution, has been a period of remarkable and numbers of
prosperity, apparent in the improvements, wealth
the people.
To
present, in a general historic view of such a State, the cir-
cumstantial details of facts and events, so as to meet with universal
acceptance, cannot be anticipated.
Approbation, or censure, often
springs from the motive of perusal
nay, what affords entertainment
to one,
may be more than
;
another.
to
toil
pleased with the same repast, for
men
opinion, as in feature and character. it is
— As
differ
to parts
in taste
that of culture
and
reflection
Wars
and review, be
interspersed,
fully
than
it is
to the
believed, he must,
convinced, that any considerable
abridgement of them would occasion
much have
for their
less entertaining
Should any one raise objections
society.
long Narratives of Indian
little
and
and arrangement,
presumed the Introductory Sections need no apology
length, as they give a history of nature,
on
are never equally
All
as often
an unsatisfying void
the fortune and fate of the country, depended
amity or hostilities of the natives,
;
— so
upon the
Nor by any means could
the
early history of this State possess the attribute of perspicuity, with-
out frequent litical affairs
allusions to the
annals of
and current events
Nova
Scotia
in that Province,
;
and
as the in the
poeast-
ern parts of Sagadahock, were for a century, blended too entirely
and perpetually, to be kept separate and distinct. cal notes
upon Towns contain
be incorporated with the
text,
facts
The
topographi-
which could not with propriety
and yet were thought too valuable to
PREFACE. be
lost
;
descriptions of these municipalities are not only
for
inhabitants,
teresting to their respective
—they
in-
are collectively the
local chronicles of the State itself.
This production, though unremitting labor, great diffidence
is
For he
;
it
many
has cost the Compiler
years'
presented to an enlightened community, with sufficiently aware, that the
is
arrangement,
many incommend
the style and the correctness, are to pass in review before vidious bystanders, disposed
to
censure rather than
to
while the more alloyed parts are to be severely tested in the crucible
of the
Nor perhaps ought any one in the present age to exwho relates facts for the public eye, designed
critic.
—
pect a better destiny, perusal of
for the
The
all
classes,
Historian, in short,
annals are his stories
is
the devoted recorder of truth
and
;
under the responsibility of his name.
monumental
facts
materials allowed in his employment.
and an imposition upon tion
and freedom
flowers and
The
to his
phantoms
his readers,
pen
It is
to
as
;
authentic
marble are the only
a departure from duty
give reins to his imagina-
—permitting them
to play
with figures,
in the fields of fancy.
Compiler's research for materials has been thorough, in the
Libraries of the Capitol at Washington, the Boston Athenaeum, the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Massachusetts' Historical Society. He has also made extracts from more than twenty volumes of the Massachusetts' Public Records, and from
The works sulted
of
all
let-
150 correspondents, residing in different parts of the State.
ters of
;
—a
of the oldest and best Authors have been carefully conlist
of whose
these and
names
will
be submitted.
— Availing himself
some other sources of information, he has
written,
with great care and assiduity, a General History of the State
:
and
the Public will determine, whether any expression appears, inconsistent with
what
or whether
is
chaste and correct in religion, sentiment or fact,
amount and
such an
variety
of
matter,
distributed
through a period of 200 years, could have been judiciously compressed within a narrower compass.
The
been the best
settlers in all
;
for like surveyors
he has been obliged footsteps of
traced.
to traverse
no predecessor
to
and
may not have new Countries,
plan chosen
an unexplored region, where the any considerable extent could be
Should the work possess the humble merit of being a useful for man subserves when he does what is a real
compilation, he will not have labored in vain the purposes of his moral existence, benefit to his Country.
Bangor, March 1832,
;
OF AUTHORS CITED IN THIS HISTORY.
LIST
A. Allen (William) Biographical and Historical Dictionary, ed. 1809.
American and
British Chronicle of
Annual Register from A. D. 1776
War
and
Politics,
from A. D. 1773 to 1783.
to 1782.
B.
Barton (Benj.
S.)
New
Views, &c. of the Tribes in America.
Belknap (Jeremy) History of New-Hampshire, 3
American Biography, 2
vols.
vols. ed.
Bigelow (Jacob) American Medical Botany, 3
1694-8.
vols. ed. 1817.
Bouchette (Joseph) Topographical Description, &c. of Canada, ed. 1815.
Bradford (Alden) History of Massachusetts, 2 British
Dominions
in
British
Empire
America, 3
in
vols. ed. 1822.
North America, from A. D. 1497 vols.
[J.
to 1763, ed. 1773.
Oldmixon.] C.
Chalmers (George) Political Annals of the United Colonies Charlevoix fPere de) Historie
1504
Gen. de
et Disc.
1731. 6 vols. 12mo. Paris ed.
to
"
vol. 5
Champlain, J. de Laet, M. Denys and Baron " Travels in North America, ed. 1763.
Champlain (Sieur
de) Voyages, &c. de la
la
Canada, [from 1603
Church (Benjamin,) 5 Expeditions Eastward,
A. D. 1686,
ed. 1780, 4to.
France, &c. from A. D. [In 4th vol. plates
1744.
See remark in
description of 98 plants.
to
la Neuville
and
upon M. L'Escarbot,
S,
Hontan, as authors.] to 1629,] Paris ed. 1632.
second Indian War.
in
Cleaveland (Parker) Treatiss on Mineralogy and Geology. Collections of Mass. Historical Society, 10 vols.
— 2d series, 5 vols. — 3d series, 3 vols.
Farmer & Moore, New-Hampshire, 2 vols. New-Hampshire Historical Society, 2 vols, [for 1824-6.]
Messrs.
Maine
Historical Society, ed. 1832.
D. Denys (M.) Geog. and
Hist. Description of North
America, and Natural History of the-
country, 2 vols.
Delaplaine (Joseph) Repository
—Biograph. of American Characters, with plates.
Douglass (William) Summary, of British Settlements in North America, 2
vols. ed. 1749.
E.
Edwards
(Dr. Jonathan) Observations,
&c. on the Muhhekaneew Indians, ed. 1786.
Eliot (Jchn) Biographical Dictionary, ed. 1809.
European Settlements (Account of)
in
America,
ed. 1760.
F.
Folsom (George) History of Saco and Biddeford,
ed. 1830.
G.
Gordon (William) History of the United
States, 3 vols. ed. 1789.
Greenleaf (Moses) Survey of the State of Maine,
Statistics,
&c.
ed. 1829.
(Jonathan) Sketches of the Ecclesiastical History of Maine, ed. 1821.
Gorges (Ferdinando) Description of New-England,
ed. 1659.
H.
Nova Scotia, 2 vols. Hazard (Ebenezer) Historical Collections, 2 vols.
Halliburton's History of
Heckewelder(John) Writings as
Holmes
(Abiel)
to the Indians,
American Annals, 2
vols.
4to. ed. 1792-4.
&r. A. Phil. Soc. Philadel. ed. 1819.
LIST OF AUTHORS, Hubbard (William) General History of New-England, ed. 1815. Narrative of the Indian Wars, 4 c. A. D. 1607—77, Worces. Hutchinson (Thomas) History of Massachusetts, 2
ed. 1801
vols. ed. 1795.
Collection of State Papers, ed. 1769. J.
Jeffreys
(Thomas) History of the French Dominions
Joscelyn (John) Account of two Voyages
to
in N.
S.
New-England,
Amer.
ed. 1760, folio.
ed. 1674.
L.
Laet (John de) Novus Orbis, seu Des.
La Hontan (Baron) New Voyages Letters,
Laws
to
in.
Occ. ed. 1633.
America, 2d ed. 1705, 3d ed. 1735.
from 1683
2
to 1696,
of Massachusetts, Colonial, Provincial,
vols.
— State,
General and Special, and Char-
10 vols.
ters,
L'Escarbot (Mark) History, 8vo. A. D. 1609.
M. Mather (Cotton) Magnalia,
Memoirs of
the
Minot (George
New-England, 2
or History of
War, &c. from A. D. 1744
to
1
vols.
Hartford ed. 1820.
748, Treaty of Aix la Chapelle, ed. 1758,
R.) Continuation of the History of Massachusetts, 2 vols.
Moll (Herman) Geography, 3d.
ed. 1709.
Morse (Jedidiah) American Universal Geography.
Morton {Nathaniel) New-England Memorial,
ed. 1772.
N,
Neal (Daniel) History of New-England, ed. 1742. O. Ogilby (John) America
;
or Description of the
New
World, London
ed. 1671, folio.
P. Palairet (John) Description of the English and French Possessions in N. A. ed. 1755.
Penhallow (Samuel) History of the Indian Wars, A. D. 1703
to 1713.
Prince (Thomas) Chronological History of New-England, ed. 1736.
Purchas (Samuel) Pilgrimage. R. Records, Resolves, and Journals of iVIassachu setts Government, 30
Remembrancer, from 1775 Reynal (Abbe) Historic
vols.
to 1784.
Phil, et Pol. SfC. 5
and 6 Tome,
ed.
Hague, 1774.
Translated
ed. 1782.
Rouchefoucault Liancourt (Duke de
la) in
United States and Canada, 1795-7.
Rogers (Robert) concise account of North America,
1 vol.
S.
Sketches of
New
Brunswick.
[Chubb and Sears]
ed. 1825.
Smith {John) History of North and South Virginia. (Thomas) Journal of Falmouth,
Island, uninhabited,
land, with a rocky, dangerous shore
40
Island, of
acres,
is
upon
;
N. W. of Bang's
half a mile long,
On
Island and a near neighbour.
its
westerly end, which
Scammell, erected A. D. brave Colonel
in
the
1
807
—
and so named
8,
American Revolution.
is
owned by
with the preceding, fortification
is
fort
The
Fort Preble,
built
at
garrisoned by 50 soldiers.
a
is
strong
the walls, which are constructed of stone laid
;
is
same time
the It
Scam " Jneii.
west-
the National Government, and the other
inhabited by one family.
House Is,land -
a battery, a
blockhouse and a small body of United States troops. is
is
honour of a
in
Here
east
is
of fort Preble on the main,f distant more than half a mile,
erly half
a
inhabited by one family.
is
Ram
is
Bangs',
environed by a rocky
pond and pasturage.
a
is
is
N. E. of Portland Light, bears
a mile
good pasture, and
trees, yields
taining
exhibits on the
" White-head," and
in
lime-mortar, are 12 feet in height, of a curving form, and enclose the barracks
without the
One
;
but the hospital and habitations for the officers are
fort.
league eastwardly of Portland
acres and good
width
soil.
Its
length
is
Peahens Island, of 500 p e ^ e s by one mile in lsland '
and has on the S. E. side a rocky shore.
;
by 10 or 12
families
who
only
at
highwater.
300
acres, and
They form
harbour.
Upon
and a
growth of wood
fine
It is
inhabited
are owners of the Island in severalty.
Northwestwardly and near, are Great and Little containing together
-
half a league
is
the
the former, which ;
is
Islands Two Hog
easterly
side
The
of Portland
good land, are two houses
the northeasterly shore
the south and west sides sandy.
Hog
separated by a bar covered
other
is
is
rocky, and
sandy pasture land,
without inhabitants. *
The acres mentioned, are generally by
estimation, in most of the
Islands. j-
In the town of
Island,
is
Cape Elizabeth, across
fort Preble.
the channel and west from
House
THE WATERS AND COAST
36 Mackay's Island,
Casco bay.
Ed?'
8
from a point of that name*
Presumpscot river-mouth, and N. E. of Portland Observatory, 2 miles, containing 70 acres, exhibits a handsome shape, east of
an
Two
situate 1-2 a mile
[InTRODUC.
inviting
sandy shore, one dwellinghouse and a beautiful surface.
Northeast, near Falmouth shore, are " the Brothers." which
Broth-
crs.
are two small uninhabited Islands, connected by a bar, and are of value.
little
Cow
Near
island.
the
N. E.
Hog
part of Great
25 acres of good
contains
Island
Cow Island, which
is
by a rocky
land, secured
shore,
and
adorned with a handsome dwellinghouse and verdant summer fields,
Fs3
kin
Crow
South, more than one mile and close to
without any trees.
N. E. end of Peak's
the
Island,
Pumpkin
uninhabited, called
is
a very small one of
sm all,
acres,
Crow Island
growth, and bounded by a bold rocky shore.
verv
2
Island, covered with a thick spruce is
also
Cow Island, at the mouth of Diamond
directly south of
Cove, an indent on the N. E. side of Great
Hog
of great resort by the people of Portland in
summer
Island,
—
for
a place
pastime
and recreation. -^ ut
Iffd
one °^
t^ie
most beautiful
in these
waters
is
Long
Island,
separated from Peak's Island, on the east, by Huzzy's sound.
about 2 and 1-2 miles long by 3-4ths of a mile
is
mean
It
width,
and contains 600 acres, inhabited by 10 or 12 families of well informed people. the
soil is
Marsh Islands.
Oveiset and its
connected to
islands.
Island.
Marsh
Islands
:
^
l
Jewel
1
s
Long
the former of which, so
is
is
is
Island are
named from
uninhabited, rocky and
full
low, rocky and barren,
not far from Jewel's Island.
in height,
Island, of 163 acres,
northerly moiety of which
is
is
more than a mile ;
a curious and very excellent harbour.
one dwellinghouse well is
in length, the
and on the northeast
The
soil is
good, and
cheered, by the appearance of
with inhabitants.
— where Mr. Mackworth —3 claimed 4 or 5 miles farther north.
*JWackay''s point
1652
filled
is
Each
and without inhabitants.
very narrow
the face of this beautiful Island
setts,
scattering trees.
ea g ue an d a half eastward of Portland Light, are the three
small, about twenty feet
part
somewhat rocky,
is
extremities of
The other is also small, Long Island by a bar.
Green Islands, one of which is
Jewel's
the southwestern
form, contains 6 or 8 acres, and
of spruces.
3 Green
the western end
loamy and productive, adorned with
Very near Overset and
Though
dwelt;
and Massachu-
— Sect,
37
of maine.
ii.]
Still larger is Crotch Island, at the north, which contains 350 ° Its shape acres of good land, and is inhabited by 6 or 7 families. .
m
is
much
capital
like a
a
T
is
others in this
the
all
The
good harbour.
easterly side
and
Crotch island,
shores are rocky, though on the
its
;
Cnsro bay.
westerly half of this Island
bay, previously mentioned, belong to
Portland.
About
half
way between the preceding one and the is Hope Island, which exhibits good
south end
of great Gebeag houses,
and a bold ledgy shore
;
—
land,
northeast of which
two Hope '
is
Sand island.
The
Great and Little Gebeag* are very famous Islands.
for- „ Great and if Utile Ge.
.
.
the largest Island in
is
Casco bay,
6
we
except, perhaps, Sebascodegan.
miles long half of
43
into
by 3-4ths of a mile
it is
yet covered with a
harbours, viz., in
is
Gebeag, of 60 acres, and
a
;
An
good
This Island
supports one family.
The
and
half mile southwest
soil, is
Island;
and
Little
which being well cultivated
connected with Great Gebeag
sandy
by
belongs to Portland.
it is
is
only rocky on the southwest
side, the residue is
;
4
mean breadth and more than soft wood growth. It has two
they have a good school-house
;
in-
a high Island,
in
are a part of North-Yarmouth. f
It
It
northeast and southwest parts.
its
ers are fishers or farmers
a sand bar.
and supports 325
soil,
families.
S
situated about six miles
It is
from the main land, possesses a good habitants, distributed
80
s
Island, of 2 or 3 acres, low and barren.
mer, containing 1,800 acres,
isi-
Sand ™r C o1
Clapboard Island, lying 2 miles N.
W.
of Little Gebeag, and
1
ard
mile from the shore of Falmouth,
is
a mile long and only a few
rods wide, low, though of pretty good trees. J
It
contains 65 acres, and
is
soil,
uninhabited and rough
Not
dangerous ledges. full
of spruces and
;
still
farther
N. N. E. |
a tolerably
Basket Island, of 15 acres, good
The
About A. D, 1652
—
4,
vant 's
1
JJjjJj
the main, are Cousin's and Little SjJJf'of former, which is the nearer of the two to 500 acres *
* Anciently " Chebeag-ue." |
,
soil.
Between Great Gebeag and John's Islands.
^
, l
and between these two Islands are
far distant is
firs, in
bearing a growth of
uninhabited.
Sturtevanfs Island, of 80 acres, lying is
Lia»d?
fThey now have
a meeting-house.
Massachusetts extended her Charter to
this Island.
[INTRODUC.
THE WATERS AND COAST
38 Cascobay.
the land,
is
two miles long and £ a mile wide.
Little John's
good
soil,
some
a sandy shore, and
Isl-
mere mud bank
residue a
John has 200
Little
flats.
acres of good land, and two or three houses
rocky, and the
an high
It is
good advantage 6 or 8 dwellinghouses, a
and, and exhibits to
;
E. shore
S.
its
extending
;
at
is
low
water even to Cousin's Island.
Great and Little Moges'* Islands
G.&L.Mo£es -
The
raseeket river.
and the
latter
20
mud bank
and from both a
;
near the mouth of Har-
lie
former contains 100 acres of good
soil,
extends to the
main shore.
On B. Sound.
Broad sound, and south of the north-
the westerly side of
ern extremity of Great Gebeag, are these several Islands to be
seen as
which
we proceed
are,
to the
Two
1,
mouth of the sound,
ed with spruces, near Great Moges
island,
Goose Nest.
ren
^
;
—
Island.
L. Bangs
Nest, a bar-
a mile long
island.
ing
Slave
Lower Bangs' b
Wand.
rocks and reefs.
and rugged shore
20
Island, f a mile west of
—and 4 and
5,
south of Goose
is
;
having Stockman's Island northeast, contain-
rocky and
acres, as
Island
is
as the others.
sterile
....
.
yet
contributes
it
Between Lower Bangs Island and Stave Island
usual route from Portland to Kennebec.
7,
Next
ledgy and forbidding, and between 8,
Pates'
Min-
is
half a mile long, low, nar-
row, and unproductive, though cheered by one house.
gerous rocks.
support
1
isterial Island, containing 1 1 acres,
is
South of
6,
Stave Island, of 50 acres, surrounded by
Its soil is indifferent,
to one family. is the
;
Lower Bangs' Island, of 60 acres, 3-4ths of from N. E. to S. W., very narrow, with a poor soil,
Nest, 1-2 a mile,
island.
RSinisterial
The Goose
2,
.
.
,
—
Crow
3,
Goose Nest, small and barren
the
,
:
d an g er ous ledge, small and without a tree, lying 3-4ths of a
mile south of Great Gebeag
£™ w
the head of
at
Green Islands, very small and poor, cover-
it
shore
Its
and Stave Island are dan-
Bates' Island, close aboard, and connected by
.
Island.
a bar to Ministerial Island, has 15 acres of low, indifferent land,
Broken
It is
and a dangerous projection of rocks from distinguished
by a house and
Cow, or Broken Cave, one mile and brown backs crested Mand
is
*
Formerly " Mosiers."
|
Between Crow
in
southern extremity.
upon
it.
9,
S. of Bates' Island,
and
and l-4th N. E. of Jewel's Island,
Northeast, one mile,
its
large barn
is
1
mile
formed of sunken rocks
summer by
a
Eagle Island, of 5
Island and great Gebeag-
Brown
is
little
herbage.
acres,
lying
10, at
a small good harbour.
the
8
Sect,
of maine.
ii.]
mouth of Broad sound
;
39
a high Island,
it is
of
full
These
more than
Islands do not probably contain in aggregate
Between Broad sound and
the northwesterly
we
ands, of which
Whale Rock.
Mark
Little
Island, of only 6 or 8 acres,
remarkable
base and 50 feet
its
acres, a mile long,
is
and narrow, bearing 4 or 5
;
and Great
;
is
Mark
rocky.
Island
It is
island.
1
is
en-
the
1
who
'
20 "^J^
11
2*
live
N. E. end
the
is
Haddock-rock, on the S. E.
is
side of Haskell's Island, of 6 or 8 acres, admitting
passage between them.
at
families,
At
soil.
the rest of the shore
close aboard west
which
is
HaskelVs Island, of
is
well by fishing and cultivating a good
a small harbour
This
J-edS es.
monu-
stone
States,
in height.
North
trance of Harpswell sound.
Ledge and
E. of Eagle
S.
the
for
ment or pyramid erected there by the United feet square at
twenty-five Isl-
Island
Island one mile is
acres.
proceeding north-
in
Mark
Drunkers' Ledge,
from
eastwardly
view
will take a passing
70
1
bay.
ten
and south
side,
end of Merryconeag-peninsula, [Harpswell,] are
spruces, Casco
tall
surrounded by dangerous rocks, and uninhabited.
Mark 2te£5.
only a boat
low, ledgy and unproductive.
Sl? ^ 1
Upper Flagg
Island, having
1
5 acres of good land, one house
and a rocky shore ; Horse Island, of 6 acres, a mere sheep-pasture ; and Little Birch Island, of 1 0 acres ; all lie not far from each other
which
is
at the
island, irCh
hland?
south end of Harpswell-peninsula, neither of
inhabited.
Great and Little Whale Boat Islands
n
lie
two miles east of °- &
The
former, a mile and
1-2 long and a few rods wide, contains 100 acres and exhibits bold rocky shore
;
kittle
Whale Boat
n
the northeast end of Great Gebeag.
northwest of which, 1-2 mile,
is
islands.
a
the latter, of
15 acres, with a dangerous shore.
Northwest of these
French's Island, rocky and ragged, con{^"jj taining 30 acres, and having at its N. E. end an extensive reef
of rocks.
Still
is
further north, near
Flying-point,
1-2 east of the mouth of Harraseeket
river,
is
1
mile and
'
1
1
3'* point.
Bibber's Island* 1^7'* Island. '
The
of 80 acres.
of
it ;
waters are met by rocks on the southerly side
but the margin of the residue
main shore.
It
has for
its
is
a
Silver Islands of 6 acres each, environed
From is
Flying-point to Mare-point
2 and l-4th
one of
1
miles,
mere mud-bank
to
near eastern neighbours the two
in
the little
by ooze.
Brunswick, the distance
Wands. Mare-point,
between which there are two small Islands, T he
5 and the other of 6 acres, whose names are unknown.
lwo
THE WATERS AND COAST
40 The four Goose
Cascobay Islauds*
acres each, and
island.
within a league
lie
W.
S.
of Mare-
one contains 75, another 60, and the third and fourth 10
point,
Midway
shelter
Islands
[IntKODUC.
which
all
of them are surrounded by sand banks,
entrance into Middle bay
of the
Shelter
is
Island,
Goose Islands and Harpswell neck,
equidistant from the
is
containing 6 acres
Birch Island, island.
5
others.
contains
still
further northeast and opposite to Mare-point,
50 acres of excellent land
of which are 5
northeast
;
towards the head of Middle bay, the largest contains 40
ot h erS)
and the three others from 3
acres,
On
1
6 acres each.
to
the easterly side of Harpswell-peninsula are several large
Islands of very irregular and various shapes.
^e k
Baiiy's
bia»d.
ity
m w^
Baitys Island, a mile from the S. E. extremof the peninsula; which is 2 miles and 1-2 long and 1-2 mile
wide.
e§
It
has a good harbour, called Mackerel cove, on the west-
The
erly side, near the south end.
adorned by some trees;
and the shore
quality
is
face of the Island
though the
There
rocky.
soil
is
are upon
is fair
and
the
first
of
not
ten dwelling-
it
houses. Jaquish
On ty
a ^ew roc^ s
soum
is
Jaquish Island,
full
of trees, embrac-
Istand.
ing 12 acres of poor land, surrounded with rocks and uninhab-
IsianT
ited.
Turnip Island
is
very small and very near.
Orr's Island, or Little Sebascodegan, separated from Baily's Orr's Island.
Island
by a narrow
stretches
strait,
with which long.
it
Upon
is
Sebascodegan,
connected by a commodious bridge, 100 feet
this Island,
families are settled.
a rocky, and
up N. E. 3 miles and 1-2, a few rods of
parallel with the peninsula, within
which has a tolerably good
The
eastern end
is full
of trees
N. W. a sandy ascent from the water
;
soil, ;
thirty
the S.
and
E.
this Isl-
and makes the S. E. side of Harpswell harbour. Sebasccdegan.
Of
all
the Islands in
Casco bay, Great Sebascodegan,*
the largest and most irregular,
its
forms the west bank or shores of than a mile
it is
shape being a curiosity.
New Meadows
river,
is
It
and more
separated from the peninsula by a narrow
strait
6 and 1-2 miles,
Though the length of this Island is only and 3 miles, mean width yet such is its irreg-
ularity, that the
circuit of
of a few rods in width.
miles.
The
* Spelt on
;
northern end
it
is
at the
water's edge,
exceeds 50
within 7 rods of the main land in
Mr. Moody's Chart, « Jebaskadiggin."
:
nj
Sbct.
Brunswick
OF MA1NF. ;
and here a commodious bridge
which has a good
Island,
41
and 450 inhabitants,
soil
This Caw>
erected.
is
is
bay.
a principal
constituent of the town of HarpswelL.
Between
east, are several small Islands southerly
These
are,
1.
Pond Island
of Baily's Island
ledges
—
;
—
2.
Island,
mile
1
N. E.
rocky and barren
small,
3.
Cedar Island,
east, a
mere reef of rocks
Islands, farther
N. E.
little
of 50 acres and poor is
soil, is
and poor;
high and
are small indeed. feet
The White
—
4.
and
two
5.
Ragged
s J,
and
80 yards
is
last,
1
Ragged
N. E. and
is
island,
are the
Bold Did?'
l££ "£3^
.
of the latter
in
diameter and
gjjjjjjj'
Islaud< -
the
is
of trees.
full
Between Mark Island
the usual passage into
the Phipsburg shore
1 1
all
and 1-4 miles,
Southerly of which are dangerous ledges.
New Meadows
Gooseberry, two
river.
Wood,
Gooseberry
Burnt- Coat, Horse, Malaga and Bear Islands, neither of which is
large,
the
though some of them are of considerable extent
first is
£f ,d -
Elands.
Island
of trees, has a ragged
Island, of 6 or 8 acres, high, round and
and the White Bull
Near
;
6.
the Sisters, Island,
Bull
East of the
above water.
Mark
full
—
S,and '
£!daJ
;
Westward of it are dangerous Bold Dick and Brown Cow are
Snake Island, are north of Ragged 12
pondlsland.
without inhabitants.
ledges:— 7. White Bull ;—-8. south;— 9. Little Bull, east;—10.
noted
E.
of 10 acres, 3-4ths of a mile S.
northerly and southerly of which are extensive
;
Ram
of Sebascodegan.
Elm
shore and
and Phipsburg
Baily's and Orr's Islands on the west
on the
low and rocky, of 2 or 3 acres, having
The Wood
rugged, projecting rocks.
at its
2* Wood
Island4 *
viz.
:
south end
Islands at the entrance of
Small-point harbour, l-4th of a mile from the main, are connect-
ed by a rocky bar, on either side of which vessels
may contain 40
both
and barren.
Horse
acres.
many
lying
30
acres,
is
and
is full
of trees.
Island, of
shore by a sand bar and also
Burnt- Coat, of 7
flats,
may
acres,
is
pass
rocky
connected to the main
Burnt Coat, {jjJJJJ
has M a,a
Malaga
f* trees
and
is
rocky
;
embracing about
between the main land and Bear Island.
the entrance of
New Meadows
river,
1
0 acres, and
This
3-4ths of a mile
last
long,
is
at Bear Island,
and
contains 50 acres. It is full of trees and exhibits a few houses. N. W. on the shore of the Sebascodegan, 3-4ths of a mile distant, is
Condy's well-known harbour.
Condy'a harbour.
At the entrance of Quaheag [Cohawk] bay, in the mouth of Sebascodegan, is Yarmouth Island, which, though irregular, is about 3-4ths of a mile Voi,.
I.
in
diameter.
4
It
has one resident family
JjjJJf™*
THE WATERS AND COAST
42 Casco bay.
and a good
Pole island,
north
is
and
soil,
Above
this, in
Islands,
and though uninhabited,
;
bosom of
the
Farther
E. of Yarmouth
a beautiful Island.
it is
But we may mention four Rogue's
Island, viz. Jennetfs,
Long Ledge,
and Flagg Islands, and
cov-
It is
are a dozen small poor
the bay,
whose names are unknown.
Islands, S.
little
favoured with a safe harbour.
is
Pole Island, of 8 acres, with a rocky shore.
ered with spruces 12 islands.
[INTRODUC.
all
of which are ledgy.*
THE MIDDLE COAST. Middle
Heron Pond*'
Wood' island.
Between Cape Small-point and Seguin, which apart, are
Heron Island and Jacknife Ledge
g mn near tw0 miles,
Pond
Wood
Pond
is
J
house.
:
are four miles
and north of Se-
Island, on which there
Island, above the
a Light-
is
mouth of the Sagadahock, has
Island west, Salter Island east, Stage Island 1-2 mile
Salter
-
island.
N. E., and
island,
Above Pond
the
Sugar Loaves north
;
each of which
is
smalL
;
one a
on the western shore, are two Forts
Island,
mile and l-4th, and the other 2 miles distant. Seouin island.
Seguin Island,^
25
tant
miles, lies
E. N. E. from Cape-Elizabeth,
situate at the
mouth of Sagadahock
dis-
about two
river,
miles from the southeast corner of Phipsburg and 3-4ths of a
mile further from the United States' said to contain,
by admeasurement
though estimated much more. jurisdiction of this Island to the
200
Lighthouse feet
at the
$300
Sagadahock Chops, where *
its
1794, the
was ceded
$6,300, with a lanin
1797 became the
Lighthouse was rebuilt
$2,248
;
1819,
in
and the United States have
annually to the keeper, besides the fruits of his
upon the land of the Sagada-
expense of
The
Island.
at the additional charge of
hock.
Feb.
territory
the 19th of
and ten acres of
above the level of the sea, and
owner of the whole given
Island is
low water mark, 42 acres,
United States, and the next year the National Government
erected a tern
On
The
fortification.
to
loses its
The survey and
toil
Island. its
name twenty
constituents, the
miles from
its
mouth,
at
the
Androscoggin^ and Kennebec
bearings of these Islands are retained in the ancient
records of North-Yarmouth, but unfortunately more than half of them hare since changed their names. far
Gen. Russell.
—There are Green
Islands, not
from the southwesterly entrance into Portland harbour; and
still
others
northeast of Matin icus. j
Anciently " Salquin"
\
Anciently " Aumoughcaiogtn"
Sect.
of Maine.
ii/J
rivers in their junction,
43
form Merry-Meeting bay, and are now
to
be considered.
The Androscoggin
northwest section of the State,
rises in the
Androscogb
only about an hundred miles from the Chops, in direct course,
though
actually runs, in
it
flexuous meanders,
its
more than 160
miles.
The in
rise
of
its
eastern and (considered
principal branch
its)
is
the vicinity of Sunday mountain, about ten miles east of the
Maine and New-Hampshire, and on the
dividing line between
south margin of the highlands, which form the boundary between
for
its
This source of the Androscoggin has
and Canada.
this State
immediate neighbours a head-pond of Dead
which
river,
empties into the Kennebec, and the southernmost spring of '
stream, which runs northerly and contributes
This branch of the
Chaudiere.
miles south and discharges
by a
which
On
lies
strait
;
ami
it
Androscoggin runs about 25
empties
all
it,
waters into the
New-Hampshire,
in
Umbagog
connected with its
on both sides of the western boundary
the western side of
coggin,
a
waters to the
waters into lake Mooseetocmagun-
its
a most singular body of water,
tick,
lake,
its
40 miles south from the upper end of
Andros-
issues the
the
latter,
of Maine.
line
which
line
di-
vides that State from Maine.
Three miles westward of the Magalloway, which er's
head
is
12 rods
is
outlet, the
width
in
main
about as far north as that of the
a southerly course
from three to
in
river receives the
This
mouth.
at its
from the
line,
which
a
a,Iowa
^v e^
Androscoggin, runs
Maine, more than 30 miles, and
five miles
riv-
it
distant
is
120 miles
crosses
north of the Piscataqua mouth.
The
Androscoggin, shortly
after
it
receives the waters
Ma-
of
galloway river, and another river from the northwest, runs southerly in
and
New-Hampshire 25
five or six miles
from
runs the remainder of State
it
its
miles,
it ;
course in Maine.
line,
it,
and
In reentering the
runs through the town of Gilead, and forms a fine inter-
vale on both sides, overlooked is
almost parallel with the
and then turning, crosses
fed in that town
by rugged lands on the
by Wild river*
The main
north, and
river runs four- Wild
teen miles in the next town, Bethel, forming an elbow in
its
ern quarter, and flowing northerly in a gentle glide, towards *
MS. Letter of
A.
Burbank, Esq.
west-
New-
river,
THE WATERS AND COAST
44 The An-
ry
then eastwardly, over a smooth bottom
:
[IntRODUC.
of rounded pebbles,
droscoggin. t
embosoming
town a number of
the
in
The
and delightful
fertile
ands of various extent, the largest of which
contains
00
1
Isl-
acres.
alluvion skirting the banks of the Androscoggin, from ten to
an hundred rods rising in
many
Of
forming two or more bottoms. feet perpendicular
formed by
and beautiful land
in width, is highly productive
;
places by regular banks, one above another, and
above low water
the efflux of the river
these, the highest
is
about 25
and they are
all
evidently
;
—changing
its
bed and banks
more elevated
so that the people feel safe in building on those
bottoms, some of which were not covered in the time of the great freshet, October 22, 1785,
when
the water rose twenty-five
feet.
Along northward of the and nearly
it,
river, three or four miles
parallel with
banks
its
" nucleus of the mountains" which, from the west
line
in
and then into
falls,
in the east line
In these parts
it
is
to
distant
places,
rising in ridges,
some measure, these extensive
northwest winds. hills rise
many
of the State towards the
northernmost bend of the river shelter,
in
from
are the
stretch along
just above the
of Rumford, and
from the
intervales
be remarked, that the
with a gradual ascent from the northwest to their summits, fall
off abruptly on their southeast sides,
deep precipices.
So
inviting is this
the Northern natives resolved to hold
it ;
and frequently
section of country, that
and therefore committed
depredations on the scattered settlers thereabouts in the
last
years
of the Revolutionary war.* After the river receives several small streams and a able one through the mountains from East-Andover, Great
falls,
it
consider-
rushes
down
the Great falls [of Pennacook] at Rumford, 50 feet perpendicular
and 300
From
feet within a mile.
these
falls
the river runs in a southerly direction through
Dixfield into Jay, where
town
in a southern
it
forms various windings
course,
;
Turner on the west, and Leeds and Green on the Lftwiston
scends Lewist on falls, 60 miles below the Great
Twenty
it
receives
Twenty mile
«i e nver.
an(j Hartford,
and leaving the
passes through Livermore, between
river,
which
rises
principally
In Turner in
Sumner
and runs through Buckfield and Turner, forming
almost eveiy accommodation for mills and machinery. *
and de-
east,
falls.
MS. Letter of
J.
Over
Grover, Esq.— MS. Letter of Luk« Riely, Esq.
this
Sect,
of maine.
ii.]
45 town of Buckfield, and The An-
river there are four large bridges in the
This part of the country has been exceed-
several in Turner. ingly injured
and raged
by
when
particularly in 1816,
fires,
Upper
Pejepscot
falls of
;
cataract
called
is
where the water tumbles over
massy rocks, and rushes through narrow passes, about 100
Here are
an in-
and one
mills,
below the
is
The
supplied with water through a channel sunk in solid rock.
50 or 60 rods wide, and seldom so shoal
falls is
by a man and horse, even
as to be fordable
feet
These
a mill-dam, but descend on
are not abrupt as over
clined plane, broken with ledges.
river
*
the flames spread
perpendicular, from the surface above to the bed below. falls
M
very alarming degree.
to a
At Lewiston, 20 miles above Brunswick, the the
6roscvs&
drought of sum-
in the
mer.
As you
stand on an elevation, one mile below these
see the rapid river, called the the westward, shooting
across the bed of
current
its
you
falls,
Androscoggin, flow
little
from d^ro-gEn
in
main
the
Androscoggin, forming a channel on the eastern shore, and adding a fourth to the main river.
Woodstock and Norway
It rises in
and receives waters from Moose and Gleason ponds it
Paris,
in
passes between the swells of that town, and also those of
5071
pond on the southerly
Minot and some
in
side, turning
many
Poland, which two towns
Thomp-
s
source9,
especially in
mills,
separates.
it
;
as
It
has
generally high banks, though lined with intervales or strong land.
On
the east side of the great Androscoggin, there
tary river above Lewiston for
its
peculiarity.
This
falls,
is
which deserves
the Thirty mile or
to
is
one tribu-
be mentioned
Dead
river,
which
Little
mer
*
is
the natural and only outlet of great Androscoggin pond, 3
Wayne and of Dead river, from
1-2 miles long and 3 broad, between Leeds and small ponds 15 miles in extent northwardly.* the outlet in
8 or 10 rods
Leeds in
to
Androscoggin
width and deep
;
actly horizontal, that the rise of the will invert the current of
freshets, *
much water
Other ponds
Dead
river,
and
river
its
is
bed
;
six miles is
great river its
and
so
in
level
length,
and ex-
eighteen inches,
whole length.
In great
is
forced into the pond, which becomes a
are, little
Androscoggin pond, Muddy pond, Wilson's pond,
and Hutcbinson't pond.
Dead
THE WATERS AND COAST reservoir
;
[IntrODUC.
greatly soaking, however, and hurting the lands on
its
borders.*
Below ripples
mouth of
the
and the upper
:
be the northwestern
The
Lewiston,] were formerly said to
Pejepscot purchase.
limit of the
Brunswick
cataracts of Pejepscot, or
from a quarter of a mile
barred or checked
in
some
Here
thirty rods, in width.
On
Androscoggin, the water rapidly
little
falls [at
the water pours over
the lower grade the
dam
of
falls
fifty feet,
embattled near the
semicircular,
is
are contracted
and possibly to
by three grades of dams.
different parts
in
falls,
places, to forty
centre with an Island which thrusts off the waters on each of sides,
its
though mostly on the west, under arches of the winding
bridge in two parts, which rests
Below
Island.
its
approximating ends on the
the bridge the river expands to the width of an
hundred rods, and the
tide at high-water, rises four feet.
the head of the
the river
falls,
is
spacious and glassy
Above ;
and
to
secure floating logs, and stop flood-wood, piers are sunk at great
expense, and large timbers
in joints so fastened to
them with
irons
as to form an impassable boom.
On
these
falls
are
25 saw
mills,
each of which
300 men. factories
;
Here
also
will
on an aver-
They employ
age, annually cut 500,000 feet of boards.
were carding machines,
fulling
about
mills,
and
1,488 cotton and woollen spindles, and 24 looms whose
warping and sizing machines were moved by water power.
20 done the was by uncommon damage and in 1814, immense which brought down mills, barns, masts, logs and trees,
The feet
:
flood,
water
over the
At
in the freshets
falls, in
the
falls,
lost itself in
not unfrequently rises in the river,
undistinguished ruin.
the river formerly had the
Merry-Meeting bay.
name
Pejepscot,
till
it
In the middle of this bay are
sand-beds bearing a species of reed, upon whose roots feed wild geese and other seafowl.
These
greatly injure the navigation
Merry-Meeting bay, from the miles in
falls
falls.
to
its
outlet,
length, winding round towards the north,
*MS. Letter of Thomas is
sands, often changing their drifts,
toward the
Francis,
an Indian burying-ground." 1C25, by f Destroyed in
Esq.—" On
— MS.
fire.
may be 10
till it
meets and
Norris' Island, in the pond,
Letter of A. G. Chandler, Esq.
47
of MAINE.
Sect. «u]
embraces the Kennebec waters, receiving on the northwesterly 1st. Muddy river, which is a long side, as it glides forward, the sea, collateral to the bay
arm of mostly a landing at
;
Cathance, which
2.
3 miles
and navigable
mouth
is
the
is
Cathance
to
near Kennebec,
a point of that name, where was once a small
is
and where
fort,
residence, about 1665.
Sachem Abagadusset had his
the southerly side of Merry-Meeting bay, near the extreme
of the Chops, into the land
ens'
river,
and, 3d. Abagadusset, whose
;
which
On
water
salt
Tbe^A^
two miles the neck
river,
Mr. Peterson, deep to
ciently
WisJceag or Wisgig Creek, which extends south
is
from the head of which to that of Stev-
;
only
is
one mile
1800, cut a canal eight feet
in
float logs at
which
across
in width,
breadth,
in
suffi-
Stevens, the ancient Indian
highwater.
on the northerly side of where the canal now is, two miles above the turnpike bridge, which leads from Brunswick trader, lived
to
Bath, and which
at the
is
head of navigation over Stevens'
the Indian carrying place between
Here was
river.
Casco and
Merry-Meeting bays.
The
next river to be described
and
longer, larger, less rapid, gin.
Its
course, is
length from
may be 130
the Kennebec, which
Dead
said
by
miles,
and
its
actual run
Norridgewock
:
where they meet,
river, called,
travellers to
body of
some
Kenneboe
mer
"
40 miles more. It the North Branch and are
the forks,
be 48 and 1-2 miles above the south bend
village.
The North Branch issues from Moosehead largest
is
than the Androscog-
sources to Merry-Meeting bay, in direct
its
formed by two principal branches, viz
and
at
is
less serpentine
fresh water in the State, or in
lake,
which
is
New-England.
the Branch, ehead
It
k°£* is
twelve leagues in length, from north to south
rills
and
head within twenty rods of the Penobscot.
Moose
river
from the west, which
this lake there
from
;
1
rises
are four kinds of fish
:
its
It
upper
receives
among the highlands. In One kind, which is 1
—
.
and 1-2 to 3 and 1-2 feet in length, has teeth,
fins,
and a head larger than that of a salmon, weighs from 5 to
16 pounds, and trouts,
is
good
one has a white
ceedingly good for food so large and hardly
fit
head, weighing from
for the table.
2.
There
are two sorts of
belly, a beautifully spotted back, ;
the other, which
and
is
ex-
without scales, not
brown colour with a black 2 and 1-2 pounds. 3. Another kind
to eat, is of a
1 to
is
THE WATERS AND COAST
48 Kennebec
of f sh which
—
very palateable.
cusk, very
2
When
"white fish"
called
to 7lbs.
much
—
in shoals,
[InTROBUC.
f-xm 12 to 18 inches
s
in length,
shape somewhat resembling a mackerel, and
scaled, and in
it is
found
is
:
also found the fresh
is
resembling that of the
There
5.
In the lake
4.
is
taken (though seldom with a hook,)
are also lobsters, not
water
water, weighing from
salt
much
form
unlike in
those taken in the salt water, though smaller, as these are only fro n
to
>
The where
5 inches in length.
Branch from the
length of the North it
meets Dead
this place to
Canada,
passable for wheels
finds the road ;
forks, thence at intervals of 7, 8,
Dead
Dead river.
river rises
among
run north direction
miles
five
the
boundary highlands, three leagues
It
constitutes the river its
;
descends
in a
and
rise
southeasterly
has passed Mount Bigelow on the south, where
till it
north,
and then
North Branch, yielding more than a
rapid
further,
before mentioned, on the heights.*
Chaudiere.
turns towards the
it
and
and 10 miles, he passes over
from the northwest corner of Maine, near those which into the
forks,
28 miles from the
river
Penobscot, and
Mile Tree"
the
The traveller from
well cleared, bridged,
Moose
crosses
the three branches of the
reaches the "
outlet to
about 20 miles.
river, is
mouth
is
to the
below the crotch or
Dead
forks.
60 rods wide, though
about
and joins the
east,
third part of the water
its
which
river
is
water there
is
usually, quite shoal.
The It
course of the Kennebec, below the forks,
runs through a fine country of wild land
is
then passes the " carrying place rips," half a mile alUDk
£*l7
^ miles below
the forks,
it
have Solon on the east and
which
is
30 rods wide,
over the rocks
in
is
*
is
;
Embden on
about
is
fifty
ia
Here
it
the river,
it
Quebec
is
chases
Moose
though
down
of the the
falls
by are
current 50
Anciently
to the mouth of Chaudiere Quebec, 30 miles. Holderf*
94 miles, viz
situated one mile north of
feet,
rods, to be prevented
The appearances
while the eye as
to
;
;
and
contracted to 40 feet only and pitches
29, thence to St. Marie's 35, and thence to
house
the west.
relieved in view of spacious smooth waters.
From Mile Tree
length
descends the Carratunk falls, which
a canal on the eastern side.
commanding
in
a beautiful sheet of water 35 or 40
the carrying place by them
rods,
nearly south.
12 or 15 miles
:
riv«r bridge.
Sect, these
of maine.
ii.]
falls
49
were a place of great resort by the Indians
fishing Kennebec
in
time, where they took salmon in abundance.*
From Carratunk
falls to
Norridgewock
which are
falls,
.
.
above the mouth of Sandy
Here
the water does not descend in a cataract
its
;
whole
the length of near half a mile would not exceed probably In dry times the river
Sandy River,
after
justly celebrated for
No
by
fertility
State
the Indians'
annual overflowings, f
its
river, at
its
bank opposite
east
Norridgewock
to the ll
point,
is
the
site
of the
The
ancient village of the Canibas Indians, so famous in history. land
a level and
is
beautiful.
The
lately
intervale,
fertile
area contains
250
chapel stood.
the old catholic
is
than the lands
Here were
town.
In the bend of the Kennebec, on
mouth of Sandy
part of the
deep intervales which spread wide from the
cornfields, in the
river enriched
at
Norridgewock, pro-
little
beauty and
its
this river, particularly in that
old
also
watering several townships, runs circuitous- *»wjy
ceeds northeasterly to the Kennebec.
more
in
below.
ly through Farmington, and taking the
on
fall
fifty feet.
and sometimes
fordable here,
is
village, six miles
Norridgewock
just Norridgework tails.
14 miles.
river, the distance is called
and
Its
bell,
Norridg»-
WOR
is
the spot
where
weighing 641bs., was
found and presented to Bowdoin College.
From Norridgewock
point,
runs southeast to the village,
Kennebec takes a
the
6 miles,
turn and
and then northeast,
and down
miles, descending through narrows,
Scouhegan
five falls,
^
° uhes an
I
12 or 15
and the rapids below,
feet,
in all half
receives, through Cornville from the north, the
a mile.
Here
river
Wesserun-
a large and most pleasant stream. J At Scouhegan falls are about ten mills and machines, and also villages on both sides of
the river connected
by a bridge.
Plymouth patent runs
east
The
north or upper line of
and west a couple of miles above
the mouth of the Wesserunsett river, though the proprietors claim-
ed
six miles at least further north.§
* MS. Letters of E. Coolidge,
Esq.— Hon. Obed Wilson,— Wm. Butter-
field,— O. Baker. |
MS. Letter
of Hon.
Nathan Cutler, of Farmington.
MS. Letter of A.Morse, Esq. and a plan. "At Scouhegan fall* is Scouhegan Island the waters on the west side form gome of the beat mill |
:
sites in the State. \
Letter of G. Bixfey, Esq.
'
s
it
sett,
the
'
natural situation
its
acres, and
«
a fter a minister
settled in his
and whoever
;
plantation,
and
Thomas Gorges" and Edward Godfrey,
" the worshipful
after
i.
Deputy-Governor and senior Councillor of the Province.
" should enjoin upon him the duty
he was compellable, on
being summoned, to appear and answer for his contempt at the
next Court.
But
nevertheless, the
Piscataqua
new
administration in
its
t
settlements
ures gave satisfaction to the Province in general
combine.
:
enereetie meas° though the set-
,
tlements upon the northern banks of Piscataqua were not partakers
the
in
Disinclined
contentment.
to
acknowledge the
of Gorges' charter, yet complaining of
authority
jurisdictional
the great evils they had suffered through want of
ment, they entered into a social compact, Oct. 22d cles to
and by
arti-
which Richard and William Waldron, Thomas Larkham
and 38 others were subscribers, combined themselves the free
politic, for
rights.
govern-
civil ;
They
and preservation of
exercise
in a
body
their political
professed to be the king's loyal subjects, and said,
they should observe his laws, in connexion with those of their
own making,
till
But
he should give them further orders.*
as
insubordination and anarchy are the fruits of political changes
these pure democracies, ties so
tent Civil war jn England.
;
it
was found, were holden together by
slender, as to be easily burst
— and such was
by the
first
popular discon-
the fate of this compact.
Exhilarated, as Gorges had been, in the prospect of soon
^p
roy j nce
wt
j jj
inhabitants, prosperity,
and happiness
filling
he sub-
;
The voice of the now at a high pitch, both against his party The Commons had already commenced at-
mitted to reverses with vexation and grief.
people at home, was
and
their politics.
tacks upon the ministry, the prelacy, and even the prerogatives of the crown
;
in
consequence of which, religious persecutions had
ceased, and emigration in a great degree also.
For such
is
the
love of country and the satisfaction flowing from the enjoyment
of liberty, in matters of conscience and worship,
that
persecuting sword was wrested from the destroyer, *
1
Haz.
Coll. p.
482
Hubbard's
JV.
E.
p.
when the many who
222.—The southerly part of
Piscataqua plantation was called Champernoon's, probably from the of one of the Council. in Dover, in N.
It
seems Waldron and Larkham, after
H.— 1 Belk. JV. H.
p. 48,
60.— 3
Coll. Mast.
name
Hist
this, lived
Sot. p. 7.
Chap,
of maine.
vi.]
were preparing
to emigrate,
changed
287
their minds,
and some al-A.D.
1641.
ready here, broke up their connexions and returned to England.
The
multiplication of removals hither, in preceding years, had Changes of
articles
of English fabric.
purchased
one
£25
made
money
with them,
a head, could be
of that
half, or a third part
grain were considered a good tender
sum
;
corn and
and provision by law,
;
it is
extending executions on real estate.
said,
was
The
domestic manufacture of wearing apparel and bed-clothes,
first
for
having become more necessary than farmers found
A
clothing.
any former
period, the
into needful
was opened between several places
trade
England and the West for the
at
indispensably necessary to raise flax and breed
it
and raw materials were wrought by females
sheep ;f
Indies, in
products of those Islands;
age to
this eastern
country.
Sir
Ferdinando
in
in
New-
which lumber was exchanged
—
a trade ever of great advant-
Agamenticus r gave A?ament&-
his special patronage of
a charter of incorporation, April 10, 1641, J by which he erect- Boroughed it into a town or " borough." It embraced the territory three
it
miles every plantation ;"
to
make
to
and invested the burgesses, or inhabitants, with pow-
mayor and
eight aldermen j§ and to hold
The mayor and
any amount.
board were authorized
by-laws, to erect fortifications, and to hold courts
"Town and
the church-chapel," or " oratory of the
way " from
ers to elect annually a
estate
Hall," once in three weeks, for the
all civil
The
causes.
clusive privileges, and elections
was convened
inhabitants
when
the
June,
in
at
now
trial
in
the
of misdemeanors
thought they had ex-
General Assembly or Court of Saco, and opened by the Dep-
uty-Governor, and the councillors, Vines, Bonython, Joscelyn and * Hubbard's JV.
E.
p. 385,
393— 238-9— 246.— The New-England
colo-
by returns home, more than they gained by accessions from the mother country. 1 JsTeaVs N. E. p. 218. f At this time there were in New-England about 12,000 neat cattle and rye 5s. and wheat 3000 sheep. 1 Hutchinson's Hist. p. 91. Corn 4s. nies, the
next twenty years,
lost
—
—
—
6s.
|
per bushel.
See also Chalmers,
Charter entire.— 1 Haz.
;
p. 165-6\
Coll. p. 470-4.
Thomas Gorges was mayor, and the aldermen were Edward Godfrey, Roger Gard, George Puddington, Bartholomew Barnett, Ed. Johnson, Arthur Bragdon, Henry Simpson and John Rogers. \
'
But when emigration decreased,*
great cattle, which had been selling at for
c Uuies
price of domestic
Passengers brought
animals and of provisions.
and
1
demand and
a direct tendency to enhance the
—
A.D.
[Vol.
THE history
288 1641.
i.
Godfrey, three of the aldermen, and a delegate from the burges-
appeared and presented a special memorial
ses or inhabitants,
They
declaratory both of their corporate rights and duties.
under the Lord Proprietor, and cheerfully rendered sion to
requirements and the government under
its
they were lawfully
bound
protesting at the
;
neither their present appearance at court,
full
submis-
so far as
it,
same time,
nor any other
that
act of
be deemed prejudicial to their borough-privileges
theirs should
and subjoining a request, that their protest might be ticated by a " Notary," and recorded. manifest, that the corporate
It is
ac-
authority of the provincial charter
said, the
knowledged, they
privileges, granted
menticus were peculiar, and might create other parts of the Province
;
authen-
to
Aga-
some uneasiness
in
yet the court were willing to give
;
contentment, and ordered the immunities and powers possessed
by the borough
to
be duly respected,
till
the farther pleasure of
Lord Proprietor should be known.*
the
Without doubt wishes
'assistance
am
anxious by
ment
£
mote the best interests of
and
I
still
For
:
I
Province
settled in the
'
;
were wholly beneficent, and his
his motives
unison with theirs
in
all
all
have, (said he,)
'
by divine
hopeful form of govern-
a
practicable means, to pro-
the inhabitants. *f
Actuated by these generous designs, he determined now to the borough into a " City :" and accordingly executed
Gorges makes Ag- erect amenlicus a city.
° another and more perfect charter,
°
March
1,
J
1642, by which he
incorporated a territory of 21 square miles, and the inhabitants
upon Georgeaua. t0
into
it,
body
a
ms own name
J
politic,
called "
which he, evidently
in
compliment
The whole
Georgeana."{
lay in the
form of a parallelogram, on the northern side of the river Agamenticus, extending up seven miles from
its
mouth, and a league
upon the seashore.
The *
police consisted of a mayor,
12 aldermen, 24 common
Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. p. 101.
1
—
\
Gorges' Nar.
p. 58.
—
6. 1 Haz. Coll. p. 480 Edward Godfrey affirmed that he had been a promoter of this Colony of N. England from A. D. « 1609, and above 32 years, an adventurer in that design, an inhabitant of 1629—30, and the first that built there; that in 1634, < Agamenticus in
| Charter entire. '
Samuel Maverick, William Hook and
4
he
«
ed of the P. Council, a grant of 12,000 acres on the easterly side of Aga-
for himself,
menticus
;
associates, obtain-
and Gorges' grandson Ferdinando, 12000, on the other
side.'
— Chap,
of Maine.
vi.]
council-men and a Recorder,
—
289
annually elective in March, by the A.D.
1642.
The Mayor and Aldermen were ex officio
citizens or freeholders.
and had the appointment of four sargents, whose badge
Justices,
was " a white rod," and whose duty
The
precepts.
it
was, to serve
all
judicial
officers took, besides the oath of allegiance,
an-
other for the faithful performance of their trust.
The
courts were
two
:
—one
Mayor, Aldermen and Recorder, extending to
life,
concerning the
and
title
for the trial of all offences
not
not exceeding £10, and not
The
town-clerk was the register
to lands.
be according
to
the
all civil suits
and keeper of the records
were
Monday by
holden every
;
and the proceedings of the court
those
to
Court*.
appeals to the
Lord Proprietor
being allowed
in all cases.
chancery
in
Westminster
at
Deputy-Governor
or his
The
in
$
person
mere " Court-
other was a
holden twice a year by the Recorder, for preserving the
leet,"
rights of the corporation
itself,
and
for punishing
such as were
abusers of the public trust. All the lands within the limits of the city not previously con-
veyed, were granted to the
corporation
in
fee-simple,
to
be
holden of the Lord Proprietor, as he held the Province of the crown, by paying yearly a quarter of wheat.
The Mayor,* Aldermen, Common Council, and Commonalty, to make any by-laws they might think fit and ^Tc" P or-
were empowered wholesome,
for the better
order and government of the corpora-
tion, not
repugnant to the laws of England, nor those
Province
;
and
to erect
any
fortifications,
of the
which might be approv-
ed by the Provincial Governor and Council
were
atIon *
;
—and
generally, they
enjoy the liberties and privileges chartered to the city of
to
Bristol in England.
In conclusion '
Governor, *
The
first
all
—
my
Sir
Ferdinando adds,
'
I
command my Deputy-
Council and freeholders of the Province, to
City-mayor was Edward
Godfrey
;— the aldermen were
probably those under the former charter. Winthrop's Jour. A. D. 1643, p. 276,— says, they have " lately made Agamenticus, a poor village, a Corporation—and a tailor [R. Garde] their Mayor." They have also "entertained one
—
Mr. Hull, an excommunicated person, for their minister." The this time, was probably between 250 and Mr. Hull was also a preacher on the Isles of Shoals. Mr. Thomp-
population of Georgeana, at
300
souls.
son was before Rurdet, and a good preacher
Mount Walliston.— Winthrop's Jour.
Vol.
I.
24
p. 195,
;
—
afterward he was settled at 7.
conclusion
— [Vol.
THE history
290 a. D. 1642.
Mayor and
take notice of this charter* and to aid and assist the
« 1
Commonalty,
4
its
their successors
ten years the city of
rate capacity,
As
Georgeana acted
making some grants of
manner most
land, and
was
a
corpoaffairs
state,
the Prov-
for loyalists
and epis-
in a revolutionary
Maine might have been an asylum
copalians
in
managing
beneficial to the interests of the people.
the mother country
ince of
touching
assigns, in all things
and authority.'
rights
More than in a
and
i.
and some such without doubt emigrated, from the
;
flames of
war enkindling
civil
in the
realm.
government, however, was not sufficiently
But the
settled,
provincial
energetic, and
methodical, to ensure confidence to a great extent.
miltesw'ih aCllU "
seust
New-England had
All parts of
New-
ty in the
hitherto, since the rage of par-
kingdom, happily experienced a gradual increase of
By judicious management
wealth and numbers. f
getic administration, Massachusetts in particular^
and an ener-
had acquired
to
herself an acknowledged ascendency or elevation, in her political
Indeed, New-Hampshire, taught, since Mason's death
character.
by
bitter
security,
experience, the
was admitted Pejepseot resigned to
Massachu-
jn
lne
futility
of self-formed combinations for
had sought a coalescence with that colony to a political
m ean
time
original settler at
;
and
in 1
642,
connexion which lasted 38 years.
the transactions of
Thomas Purchas,
Pejepseot, partook of the same wisdom.
the
He
setts.
had heard of the Pequot war dian character
;
;
he was acquainted with the In-
he knew what was the exposure of
and the emulous aspirations of Massachusetts. establish a conjunction
his situation,
To
effect
and
with her, he assigned to her Governor,
John Winthrop, by a conveyance executed August 22, 1639,
New-England.'
by one author,f
stated
ary" or proprietary governors
that the grantees
and yet
;
were " heredit-
certain that on the
it is
18th and 20th of September, the same year, (1656,) Cromwell
commander
directed Capt. Leverett, the
up the country
river St. John, to deliver
Penobscot and the
at
Temple only
Col.
to
adding, that he had received a commission to govern
Merliquash on the In this
west. J
east, to St.
way
a large part of
However, before
diction.
Sir
he and Crown purchased of father or himself to
Nova
la
from
it,
Georges, near Muscongus, on the
Maine
fell
within his juris-
Thomas embarked Tour
all
for
the right and
America,
title
of his
Scotia, or Acadia, and took from
him
a regular legal assignment.^ Sir
ing
Thomas
upon the
his province,^"
first
came
New-England
to
duties of his office,
in 1657.||
he opened a
In enter-
lucrative trade in
and continued Proprietary Governor ten years.
was a gentleman of humane and generous
disposition,
He
remarka-
bly free from the bigotry and religious prejudices of the times.
To
cite
an instance of his disinterestedness,
he went and
660 ; own declaration, 1
'
told
at his
said he, *
'
them, that
they,
crime, in
according to their
he would carry them away and provide
own expense.
I will again
The charter runs
the charter in French, I Palairet, p. 14.
if
the courts of
capital
desired the Quakers' lives absent, rather than
their deaths present,'
them
—when
Quakerism, as a
Massachusetts were trying
*
remove them.'**
to Claude, the father,
—
1
Haz.
for
Yes, and should any of them return,'
Coll. p. 616
Two
and enures
— 19.
J
to the son.
Chalmers,
— Or the charter might have
father's death.
years afterwards, he See
p. 187.
been drafted before the
Mass. Letter Book,
p. 104.
Palairet, p. 10—15. 1 Hutch. Hist. p. 190. % Sullivan, p. 158. ** He did not succeed to his mind, and the quakers, at least some of them, ||
5
were executed
—
Massachusetts.
1
Hutch. Hist.
Jb. p. 194.
p.
184 (Note
f.)
— He was a great friend to
Col.
Temh
acter\
"
A.D.
1657.
was recommissioned
by
^
thei&art
r0m *
*
s
same
to the
his restored sovereign
been considered the
wei?
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
364
and
;
at
office of Provincial
fusion,
have
to
sole proprietor of the country,
wortfly °^ P ar ^ cu ^ ar notice in
and severe
Governor,
some period he seems
to
phrase-
this place, that the
ology and terms of Cromwell's patent
Crown, have proved
I,
to la
Tour, Temple and
be the grounds or causes of endless con-
Both Acadia and Nova Scotia are
conflicts.
mentioned, yet the limits and extent of them, as expressed, have long perplexed the ablest statesmen
or in other words, the lan-
;
guage of Cromwell's charter has been urged by opponents to shew, that
Nova
region, than what
Scotia must have embraced another and greater is
contained in the charter to Sir William Alex-
ander.
was beyond doubt the design of Cromwell
It
to confirm the
soil and freehold to the patentees, as vested rights, and for that
purpose
French claims might be forever barred
cifically, that all
For,
again to be revived with success. charter, he granted '
country called
the
Nova
'
territory
eluding the port and cape la Heve,
i
or l'Esmeron,
*
ry's,
'
bay and St.
in the
called Acadia, a part of the
Cape Fourcha,
Cape
Sable,
port la
Tour
the cape, river or bay of St.
Ma-
Port-Royal, the region about the bay of Fundy, and the fort
of St. John's, the region of Pentagoet and the river
George, near Muscongus,
'England:'
—
In
this,
it
situate
about the confines of
which were
countries,
in truth
had any other southern mentioned
in
New~
was a great mistake and misfortune
have called Acadia a part of Nova Scotia, extending river St. George ; or to have considered them " as two
gree,
—never
language of the
extending from Merliquash and in-
Scotia,
'
4
broadly and spe-
to express himself in the charter, so
limit,
it
to
to the
different
For Acadia never
the same."*
than that of latitude in the 40th de-
king Henry's charter to de Monts, A.
1603; whereas the southern extent of Nova
D.
was well
Scotia,
understood to be limited and bounded by the river St. Croix, as described, A. D. 1621, in the charter of king
der
;
and both extended over the same
James
to
Alexan-
territory eastwardly, to the
shores below the gulf of St. Lawrence.
A
afterwards, without limitation, laid open
the difficulties.
*
1
Chalmers,
p.
all
188.— 1 Holmes' A. Ann.
general
p. 368,
recession
Note 4
Chap,
365
OF MAINE.
xi.]
CHAPTER
XI.
The New-Plymouth patent of Kennebeck meeting of the people called
—A
adopted
leased several years
ulation
The
— The
— The
trade declines
— The period and value
trade and interests of the
—A
and regulations
trade of the patent
and becomes
extinct
— The
New-Plymouth colony
a state of decline.
period, in at this r
there
Difficulties
rides
of the trade
—Remarks.
nebeck, were
—
code of
Court established
local
The patent sold
—A
at
—
pop-
.
and
rigid rules
and regulations
of the
the natives,
of
game and
furs
;
strictly
avaricious disposition manifested,
The
number of
by temporary
traders
There was another right
and
title
vicinity,
to
;
and the local
The
of some importance.
fact
of the colony,
territorial
especially her claim from
Merry-
Therefore, about
in question.
Jeremisquam, Sebascodegan, and other islands
1
Indian Deeds'
became
;
when
The
in
the
the practice of
fashionable,
whole patent was covered by them. proved before the
ac-
was a mere conservation of the peace.
were purchased of the natives
obtaining
till
nearly
the
execution of one was
Governor of Massachusetts
5*
—
a
circum-
stance connected with others, which served to recognize the natives' rights to
some
extent, without regard to
Beset by discouragements on in
all
sides, the
prohibitory laws.
Plymouth colony,
consideration of £50-)- yearly rent, leased the trade three
years, ending June 8, 1652, to a committee of five distinguished * In A. D. 1648, a
Sagamore conveyed
to
Governor Bradford,
lands on both sides of the river to Wessarunset.
were purchased f Sullivan, p.
Sqnam
in 1649.
144
— 5—296
,
parent colony was too remote to
meeting-bay to the sea, was called this time,
,
patent,
and an
;
residents,
enforce her laws with uncompromising energy administration of justice
rr
Kennebeck
There was a diminution
observed.
an increasing
quire gains in any event.
J^J
and honorable intercourse with
scribed, for cultivating an honest
were not
government pre-
colonial
649
Ken-
The Jjudicious
;
and Book of Claims.
all
the
Island and others
Difficulties
;
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
366 A. D. 1C52. colonists,*
Gov. Bradford, and Messrs. Winslow, Prince,
viz.
and Paddy.
Millet
not diminished
;
To
Parliament.
Still
the difficulties and embarrassments
were
and the colony spread her complaints before prevent encroachments and promote tranquil-
the Council of State " granted letters under the great seal,
lity,
confirming and enlarging her trade within the patent
and required
;
the English residents upon the river Kennebeck, to render im-
all
plicit
submission to the colonial government, in
An
social concerns."
and New-Plymouth, it
I.
at the expiration
three years longer
made
attempt was then
of the
all
their civil
first
;
extended
lease,
some
requiring the lessees themselves, or
;
and
to revive the trade
of them, to reside continually within the patent, under a penalty
of forfeiting the trade. A, D.
1^653.
A convention called there.
The
next year, March 7,
1653, the General Court of that
colony, appointed Thomas Prince, who was one of the Council, a commissioner to summon the inhabitants together at some con,
.
.
.
T
,
,
.
venient place upon the river, for these purposes, viz.
1
to take
,
New-
oath of fidelity to the governments of England and
the
Plymouth, or otherwise leave the patent
territory
:
made
2, to be
acquainted with the colony laws, applicable to them, and establish suitable rules civil
affairs
and regulations
and
:
commissioner,
in
3, to
to
choose
guide and govern them in their
assistants,
who were
to
aid
the
framing and executing the orders to be adopt-
ed and settled. A. D.
1654.
In pursuance of a warrant issued by the commissioner to the
marshal of New-Plymouth, the river
May
the house of
Thomas
1654 ? the
15th,
Kennebeck were summoned
to
inhabitants
of that immediate neighborhood^ to lished his commission, he
the following words
at
Ashly, near the margin of Merrymeeting-
Accordingly Prince, the commissioner, was met by 16
bay.
upon
convene on the 23d,
whom,
after
men
he had pub-
administered the oath, prescribed in
:
* Morton's Memorial,
p.
135—147.
Thomas Ashley ; Thomas Atkins John Woolwich ;] James Cole William Davis Emanuel Heyes William James Thomas Parker John Parker, [of Parker's Island Tho* mas Purchas, Gentleman, of Pegypscot John Richards of Jeremisquam James Smith John Stone; Alexander Thawyt Thomas Webber, and John White. It is supposed Atkins lived on a bay above Small Point, since called by his name. |
Their names were these
Brown,
;
;
[of
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
— Chap, " "
is
xi.]
You now
367
of maine.
shall
be true and
established
;
the State of England
it
A. D. 1654.
and, whereas, you choose to reside within
Regulations
faithful to
as
" the government of New-Plymouth, you shall not do, nor cause
"
to
(i
any act or
be done,
" water, that
shall, or
by land or
directly or indirectly,
acts,
may
tend to the destruction or overthrow
of the whole or part of this government, orderly erected or es-
" tablished
;
but shall contrariwise hinder, and oppose such in-
" tents and purposes as tend thereunto, and discover them to " those who are in place, for the time being ; that the government "
may be informed
"
also
thereof with
submit to and observe
all
all
convenient speed
:
—You
shall
such good and wholesome laws,
" ordinances and officers, as are or shall be established, within " the several limits thereof. So help you God, who is the God
—
" of truth and punisher of falsehood."* This
little
elected
and John Ashly, Constable
;
Thomas Purchas,
classed
in
capital crimes, such as
treason
against
;
wilful
murder
;
manner.
this
;
sodomy
General Court
solemn converse or compact with the
Secondly
rape
;
Firstly
the
;
and adultery, were
;
—
All
England or these colo-
by way of conjuration or witchcraft houses
Assistant,
and established a code of succinct
orders, or ordinances,
nies
Commis-
convention of sworn freemen, under the
sioner, as presiding officer,
to
devil,
burning
wilful
of
be tried by the
New-Plymouth.
at
—The
trials
of other crimes were within the juris-
diction of the Commissioner's
and Assistants' Court.
Theft was
punishable by restitution of three or four fold, according to the nature of the offence and the discretion
convicted drunkard was finable the second
—and
faning wilfully assistants'
much
As
—
the Indians
when
it
was ordered,
any strong liquor, should
that
If the
*See the Records of Plymouth Colony, in
murder of
offence forfeit
and
:
for
privilege of trading
wrongdoer were a stranger,
General Court, and deposited
the
every inhabitant
for the first
the third, he should forever be debarred the
Proto
intoxicated were
double, and for the second, four fold, the value sold
with them.
10s. for
to set in the stocks.
horrid wickedness," even " the
nearest relations
selling them
he was
offence
Lord's day was punishable according
discretion.
often guilty of " their
for the third,
the
The
of the local Court.
55. for the first
his
fine
for
the
legibty copied by order of the
the office of Secretary of State
— Boston.
—
;
THE HISTORY
368 a
d. 1G51 first transgression
Thirdly
—
£20; one
In the prudential regulations established
were expressly continued
ing and fowling
If " beaver or
ant.
river, a trade
to
:
—
All fish-
any one,
between party and party were
twelve
men
ble in
the
;
but no
—The next term of
appointed to be holden
20th of the ensuing
£20
was
sterling
tria-
same
place, * the
New-Ply-
Tuesday
and probably from year
;
at
the commissioner's or local Court
at the
May
ac-
without the consent of both parties
such belonging to the jurisdiction of the Courts
mouth.
All
be tried before a jury of
to
cause above
civil
Courts,
local
bar-
for
with them was to be
provided no prohibited article was sold to them.
tions
half
every inhabit-
free to
moose" were presented
by the Indians upon the
free,
the second
for
I.
informer and the other half to public uses.
Regulations to the
ter
was £10, and
[Vol.
was
after the
to year in that
month.
An
Trade,
exclusive right to the fur and peltry trade,
ries
within the patent, had exalted the
ple
at
New-Plymouth,
They would
to
a
and the
fishe-
expectations of the peo-
height
unreasonable.
altogether
not believe those interests and enterprizes were un-
dergoing a decline, which must assuredly disappoint their
The
public
mind was
full
question the wisdom,
called in
though they were the
first
men
till
;
hopes.
a strange jealousy
and carefulness of the
lessees,
in the colony.
the towns the government were re.... opinions upon the course which had been
In February, 1655,
Seven hears' lease.
of conjecture
in
all
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
quired to express their
pursued, or ought to be adopted, and especially upon the expedi-
ency of leasing the patent any longer. though temperate
lease for seven years, at in
This educed a
discussion,
legislative
£35
at
the
improve the trade
to
country as themselves
town should be
in ;
a
upon the subject 1
to resign
at the
a committee of four, to confer with
*
the
beneficial as well
the lease,
if
any
the effect to abate the popular discontent and
and the General Court,
;
manner most
and
By
and Willet, the lessees,
dissatisfied with the terms.
But nothing had jealousy
spirited
a further
current prices.
leasehold-indenture, Bradford, Prince,
to the
in
annual rent, to be paid half-yearly,
money, moose or beaver
engaged
resulting
Haz.
;
July session, appointed
the Council, or magistrates
to inquire into all the affairs of
Col. p. 586.
the patent,
— New-Plymouth Colony records.
Chap,
369
of Maine.
xt.]
the regulations and government within
—and
Paddy
it
—
the agency of Mr.
the accounts of the treasurer
;
and
A. D. 1655.
meas-
to take
ures for securing the public powder and property, and repairing, particularly, Jones' river bridge.
This investigation had a beneficial influence upon public opinion. in
was
It
discouragements were
at length perceived, that the
consequence of events and incidents, which
The
to control
facilities in
it
was impossible
taking game, gradually
diminished.
deeds of the Indians conveyed rights, which they could
The
understand.
For
claimed by English hunters or sportsmen.
it
was necessary, though they
that the lessees should often underlet to applicants,
The
were equivocal characters. ing,
was
ill-natured
the value of commodities
;
The
for furs being better understood.
and jealous,
missionaries,
catholic
business of hunting and trad-
than formerly
less profitable
exchanged
not
Their hunting grounds were sometimes occupied or
—
the proselytes,
who were
Indians were
not the dupes, of the
if
among
without intermission
the
tribes.*
Amidst these increasing
same annual
at the
rent of
£35
was therefore
let,
1656-7-8,
in
sum which, though
a
;
lessees found they could not afford to ifesto
was
the trade
evils,
A.
DM656
small, the
A man-
pay a fourth year.
by the New-Plymouth
issued, July 7, 1659,
which publicly stated, that there were unhappily " troubles among the Indians'' themselves upon the river, some
executive,
having been killed or carried away, and
all
of them too
discouraged to pursue their hunting with any ambition
;
much
that seri-
ous losses were already apprehended from the cessation of trade
and
that the towns
uties,
were
in
duty
bound
what measures should be adopted
to
to instruct
prevent
their
its
;
dep-
becoming
utterly extinct.
At
the October session, the trade
paltry pittance of
was leased a year
only £10, free of
for
the The
embarrassments and out-
standing dues, upon condition of permitting the Indians never to
owe
at
one time, more than 500
* Father Gabriel Dreuilletts, the
commenced
bas Indians, 1646.
—
priests
1
Charlevoix,
had a
trading-
year, 1646.' ot, father
JSC.
skins.
first
F.
p.
435
This author also says,
Kennebeck, «
in
the Capuchin
house and religious hospital at Pentagoet, in the same
Dreuilletts
I.
last.
catholic missionary, to the Cani-
a residence in the wilderness of
was succeeded by James Bigot and Vincent Big*
and son, and by Father Ralle.
Vol.
This lease was the
34
trade ly e*
U nct
—
f
A. D. 1660.
The
estates
A The 80,d
parent
'
their agents,
and the General Court granted
;
to sell the
1661.
home
next year, the lessees took
upon the
liberty of trade
A.D.
[Vol.
THE history
370
whole patent
laborers and
any volunteers the
to
without lease or price, proposing
river,
£500.
for
was negotiated by a Committee of
sale at last
ed for the purpose
r.
three, appoint-
and on the 27th of October, 1661,* the
;
P atent was conveyed to Artepas Bois, Edward Tyng, Thomas John Winslow, for £400 sterling ; the deed of as-
Brattle and
signment being executed by eleven gentlemen
who call themselves
a committee.
New-England, had the people devoted
In no other part of
Remarks.
themselves so entirely to the peltry and fur trade, as they had within the precincts of this
Thirty-four years,
patent.
been well improved by the parent colony
;
it
had
within which period,
her emoluments and net gains must have exceeded considerably in the
aggregate,
£1,600
price
of
There was no
sale.
sterling
:J
which
to
The government
plantation upon the river.
is
to
be added, the
nor intent to establish a
effort
here was of a non-
descript character, under which neither the laws nor the rulers
were respected and hunters.
;
and many of the residents were transient people
The
colony
at
New-Plymouth had no
population to transplant into these parts
of the patent embraced ft
300
ft is
Surely
deavors,
made more
;
miles, there
surplus territory
were
at
this
of white people, not more, probably than
period found within souls.
700 square
and though the
to
be lamented, that the laudable en-
than half a century before, to plant a colony
within the limits of this territory, should never have been effectually revived
;
and that the patent
itself, after
the sale,
was
in fact
permitted to sink so deep in oblivion, as to exhibit only a few settlements, fewer surveys,^ and a small
names, *
1
for the greater part of
Mass. Rep.
recorded f
in the
—
Prop, of Kennebeck p. 484 county of York, A. D. 1719.
Sullivan, p. 117, 304.
quequoite."
The
number of the owners*
an hundred years. v. Call.
— This Indenture was
assignees erected a fort in 1662, at "
Mus-
— [JVlaquoit.]
Bane, says, he was taken captive by the Indians, A. D. 1692, I Joseph was with them 8 years; learned their language; they called the mouth of the Kennebeck-river, " Sunkadarunk ;" and the Plymouth trading house was at " Cushenock." Kennebeck Claims. and by Jones in 1731. § Some surveys by Heath in 1719 ;
— Chap,
OF MAINE.
xii.]
CHAPTER
371
XII.
The statute-law and government of Massachusetts transfered Maine Elections of public officers Courts County officers
—
—
—
to
—
and powers — The Militia system — General —Particular laws—Marriage—Sabbath— Ecclesiastical — Cambridge platform—Support ministry — Heresy, — and Quakers — Crimes of the Baptists, and punishments — Employments Humane laws Education — — — — Debtors Taverns Torture Taxation and Towns,
their
duties
liberties
of the
affairs
especially
Jesuits
assessments.
The
adoption or subjugation of the western parts of Maine, A was followed by a train of events, as well as attended by a mul- to
of circumstances, unusually important to the Province. Maine
tiplicity
A a
v
•
i
political
•
lasted about an
i
i
•
•
i
•
i
•
The
hundred and sixty-seven years.
though
till it
;
i>
connexion was lormed, which, with some interruption
jurisdiction,
tended
at first limited,
was from time
to
The
laws, regulations and politics of
were immediately received by the adopted people
became partakers
The code
of
to
Massa-
chusetts
in the administration
;
and
civil affairs.
of statute-law in that government, formed since the
settlement of the colony and of late considerably improved,
was,
in a
itself,
and
wants.*
few subsequent years, thought to be quite complete in its adaptation to
To become
legal regulations,
ruled,
the people's interests, habits
in
and
acquainted with this system of political and
by which the new subjects of them were
was indispensable.
For according
endamaged under
to
to
be
an adage of the
color of law or coun-
i
times, no one might be
£
tenance of authority, unless in virtue of some legislative enact-
'
ment
and when the law was defective,
sufficiently published
resort was directed " to the word of God."f
the *
more consideration and Between 1640 and
particularity,
They
also deserve
because, to them are
1660, the General Court completed a s}'stem of
laws and government, which had become quite perfect. Hist. p. 10, 11.
f
con-
necledwith Massachu-
ex-
time,
they
all
1640
territorial
embraced the whole seaboard eastward, even
Passamaquoddy.
first
D
1660,
Colony Laws, A. D. 1641,
Hutchinson's p.
44.
Statute-
f
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
372 A. D. 1640
traced the origin and foundation of successive laws and measures,
IP 1C60.
.
even
»
«
to the present period.
At
May
the
session of the General Court, in 1654, next after
the submission of the western parts of Maine
was appointed
three
examine and arrange
to
laws and ordinances, both written and printed
—
a
the Legislative
all ;
committee of
and prepare "
A vol-
ume was afterwards published ;* and the General Court new laws enacted, should, within ten days after
ordered,
ready recourse
for
to
the ses-
that all
sion closed, be printed,
According
System of
government, ter, the
Freesuffra-
of
all
magis^
every
to
to the articles
and provisions of the colony char^
government was administered by a Governor, Deputy^
Governor
—
and a copy distributed
and town, within the colony.
trate, court,
—
council of eighteen assistants, and house of deputies
whom were
Freemen freemen
that
j
and as early as
May
1631,
office civil or military.
after
Yet the
1636, might be elected to any of the law was
severity
gated towards the eastern people upon their submission
church-membership was never and
man
a
entitle
to
a prerequisite in
the privilege
annual Court of Elections their
men,
in the registry
^he
miti-* $
and
qualify
to
All
who
allegiance, either at the
Boston, or in the County Courts,
in
names were recorded by the
to the Secretary of the colony
Maine,
of free suffrage.
were admitted freemen took the oath of
where
it
none other than church-members should be
and that they only,
;
;
who
clerk,
kept
lists
and transmitted of
all
the free-
of the General Court.J
Governor, Deputy-Governor, Major-General of
all
the
Country -Treasurer, the Secretary, Admiral, and two Commissioners of the United Colonies^ were called " General militia, the
Officers," and
the last
On *
1
were annually elected by the freemen
Wednesday
p.
at large,
Deputy-Governor and Assist
209.
till A. D. 1641; when the Council and House and each had afterwards a negatiye upon the other. Winth.
f The}' all sat together
separated
Jour.
on
of May.||
election days, the Governor,
Mass. Rec.
p. 828,.
— Chalmfrs,
—
p. 166,
Jin May, 1666, the names of the freemen were by law sent
to
the
clerks of the shires, and the County Courts authorized to admit freemen,
3— Mass. 5
Rec.
j
chosen by a free suffrage of the people.
only were voters
was ordained,
'
fit
any particular."
and tables
titles
Public Offipers
I,
p. 224.
These were chosen by the General Court,
till
A. D.
16-16.
[|
Pattrpt„
Chap, tants
of Maine.
xii.]
373
chosen the preceding year, and the Deputies newly elect-
a. n. iG40
ed, held a session together, usually in a meeting-house of Boston,
where they received from each freeman of the colony present, a written ballot for the candidates, only one being voted for
same
In the exercise of this franchise, the voters advanced
time.
through one
aisle or
avenue, and laid their ballots upon the table,
Such freemen
departing through another.* to attend,
were permitted
as
were transmitted
name voted
to the election-table,
who had
freemen's names
for him, and
ballot
when
list
of the
sometimes, however, a candi-
;
marked was counted
a ballot
a blank ballot against him.
In the choice of Assistants,
The freemen
which, being
;
with a
Generally, the person's
so voted. f
was upon the
for
date was put in nomination,
did not choose
votes in their respective
to give their
towns, to their deputy in the constable's presence sealed,
Election,
the
at
were some
there
peculiarities.
of every town were convened, the
every April, by the constable
;
when they voted
week
first
for
Assistants.
in
any num-.
ber of Assistants, they chose to have, never exceeding eighteen,
The whole were examined by the Governor and Council early and those who had the greatest number of in May and published ;
votes were declared to be in nomination.
On
the day of election,
name of each candidate on the list was severally announced, and the freemen voted by way of corns and beans ; the former the
being counted for him and the
who
manner
against him.
The freemen
for Assistants, transmitting their votes, sealed
to the election-table. ally
latter
exercised the right of suffrage at home, voted in the same
chosen
;
the
For
and
thirty years, only fourteen
labelled,
were annu-
number was then increased to eighteen ;{ and were collectively de-r
they, the Governor, and Deputy-Governor,
nominated " Magistrates."
The elected
or Representatives Deputies 1 1
by towns.
contained not above than ten,
it
No
to the
General Court were „ Represcnt-
town could send more than two.
20 freemen,
it
could elect one only
was allowed none, though
it
might join
Deputies with the freemen of the next town. given in the selection of candidates
freeman within the colony, * Ogilby, p. 163. |
After August,
its
for a
;
it
if less
voting for
Great latitude was
town might
representative
f 166-1,
;
in
If
;
elect
any
and these choices
Col. Laws, A. D. 1636, p. 42.
eighteen were annually chosen.
atives -
A.I). 1640 to
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
374
of non-residents were frequent.
16G0.
.
.
who was »*
11
unsound
as held forth
.
But no one could be a Deputy • 1, r oi the christian religion,
.
,
in the
I.
•
•
i
main points
and acknowledged by the generality of the pro-
" testant orthodox writers."*
Under
the colonial charter, the whole
number of deputies
any one year, never exceeded 52, nor were
Maine
at
no time
after the
in
than 25 ;+ and
less
connexion, returned more than four,
number of towns were
at
Judiciary power was vested in three tribunals,
1.
or possibly five 3 though a greater
dif-
ferent times represented.
The
Judici-
The
\
the
ary
Court of Magistrates, or Assistants
*
2. the
;
County Courts
;
3.
the single magistrate's or three Commissioners' Court.
The Court of
Magistrates, constituted of the Governor, Dep-
r
Court!°
uty-Governor and Assistants, was the highest judicial tribunal the colony
having jurisdiction of
;
divorce, and appeals from inferior
semi-annual,
A jury
in the spring
was empanneled
capital crimes,
all
courts.
Their sessions were
and autumn, and always
as early as
in
cases of
May, 1631
;
and
in
Boston.
after
1634,
the freemen in their respective towns and plantations chose their
jurymen, J as they did County Court.
their municipal officers.
The County Court was
holden by the resident magistrate
within the shire, or such other, as the General Court might designate
;
assisted
by four such freemen of worth and
intelligence
within the several counties, as the towns in their annual meetings
might select or nominate, and the legislature approve and put commission, called "Associates."
the
into
formed a quorum, provided one sessions of this court in Maine,
appointed their quest and of
causes
civil
own
trials,
at least
Of
the
five,
three
was a magistrate.
The They
were twice every year.
clerks or recorders,
summoned
juries of in-
and had jurisdiction of probate matters, of
above 40s,
all
criminal cases not capital,
all
and others
not reserved to the Court of " Assistants. "§
The
third
and lowest judicial court
in the colony,
tion of all civil controversies within the county,
had jurisdic-
wherein the sum
—
* Col. Laws, p. 42-92-98-117.— 2 Mass. Rec. p. 238. A day's absence of a deputy, was fined 20s. In 1666-7-3, there were i In 1654, there were 40 in 16G2, only 27. In the next none from Maine, though in 1668, there were 50 members. 10 years there were never so many as 50, except A. D. 1671-2, there ;
were \
51.
Col.
\ 1
Laws,
p. 67-8(5.
Mass. Rec.
p. 76.
— Chap,
demanded
375
of Maine.
xii.]
did not exceed
40
and
shillings,
might
it
cnm-
fine in
A.
D
1640
to 1660.
amount.
inal cases to that
was holden by a
It
without a jury, in the town where he resided. sioners also, if Assistants, or
was
County Court,
interested, a
in
if
any Commissioner
Appeals lay from
tive officer
of the county;
and
;
County Court.
w hom were
elected annually by the
who was by an ordinance
634,
freemen
;
1642, made ex
of
we ought
of almost
for the original
movements, might
all
3.
officio
the
were voted
for
;
and the various
The town
and guarded.
in
town and assessed the taxes; ensign was " a black
town meetings,
interests
Here
staff,"
trust,
the prudentials
was
it
smaller
hue and cry," and take inquests on
who kept
whose
and whose business
collect taxes, serve the
promoted were,
early times,
constables,
2.
the public
of society
these
officers in
who had
selectmen,
the
measures and
of trust and honor
officers
;
mention those Towns and
to
political
assemblies in these municipal corporations.
legal
of the official
to
warn
processes,
dead bodies
;
3.
the town records,
signed legal pre-
cepts, returnable before single magistrates or
town commission-
clerk of the writs,
and recorded births and deaths
ers,
sealers of weights
5.
;
4.
surveyors of highways
and measures ; J and
6,
chosen by their townsmen.
Among
towns, they were required to
make and amend
and bridges * This
;
and
after
was repealed
tything-men
except as
to
;
all
enjoined upon
the duties
their
1659, to support their poor
in 1657,
—
:
highways
also to
Boston and Yorkshire.
per-
— 2 Mass,
Rec. p. 332. As to the choice of Associates lb p. 32. They were put into the " Commission." 4 Mass. Rec. p. 2-3.-2 Hutch. Hist. p. 32.
—
|
His records Avere made by law, 1650, conclusive evidence.
Rec. \
—2
Mass.
p. 25.
In 1674, F. Littlefield was indicted at York, for want of scales and
weights
ficers *
be traced to the primary
at this early period,
monies were raised and collected
raise "
and
towns,
in
both of
appointed by the County
to the regulations of counties,
of towns
.
—
town books.
in
Next
1
the execu- Counly Qf.
of deeds, which had previously been recorded since
register 1
who was
County-treasurer,
2. the
the clerk, or recorder of the shire,f
Court,
trate's
selectman took his place.
County-officers were, 1. a marshal,
T
commis-
towns where no magistrate resid-
decisions in these petty tribunals, to the
The
—Three
were required, were appointed* by the Court of
it
determine those small causes
ed, to
single magistrate
in his mill as
the law directs.
cer*.
—
—
f
a. D. 1640 to
1660.
[Vol.
THE history
376 ambulate the town
1631-5
The
once
in
three years
military
was a very important department
All able bodied freemen and others,
ment.
formed a company
Militia.
and
;
if their
Those,
the
town,
in a
number were 64, they were enand non-commissioned
a captain, subalterns
to
the govern-
in
who had taken "
oath of residents," belonged to the trainbands.
titled
and as early as
;
procure a standard of weights and measures.*
to
f
lines
i.
officers
;
otherwise they were exercised by sergeants, or perhaps by a sub-
by the freemen by
and ensign, were elected
Till 1 658, the captain, lieutenant
altern.
town meeting; afterwards, they were elected
in
companies
their respective
was presented or rejected
to the
and
;
and ordered another
it
both cases, the choice
in
County Court, which
either confirmed
it,
election.
The soldiery commanded by
of each county formed a regiment,J which was
same county
town meetings.
once
in
a sergeant-major, chosen by the freemen of the
years
in three
:
and
Each regiment was mustered head of
at the
the militia in the
all
colony, was a Major-General,§ elected, as previously stated, like the Governor, by the freemen at large. officers,
were
Ensigns and
superior
all
subsequent period, commissioned by the Gen-
at a
eral Court.
The a year
militia ;
and
were required
at least
two
to train
thirds of
by companies, the
soldiers
six times in
were required
have muskets, and be furnished with bandoleers
to
due might serve with pikes,
||
;
the resi-
provided they had "corselets and
headpieces."
But
more prominent
these were only the
all
features of the
system, devised and embraced by the early colonists. emigrants, *
felt
They were
land
;
and
no veneration,
—
sealed by those of the Governor's, brought from Engeach town was required to have a bushel, peck, and the
first
in 1635,
aliquot-weights from
1 lb. to
14; also a " mete yard,"
—
standard in Boston, kept by James Pen, the marshal.— 103. I
t
In 1639, there
Winth. Jour.
They, as
they cherished no love for the
Col.
were
p. 176.
in
Laws,
p.
42-128
—2
to be sealed
1
Mass. Rec.
Mass. Rec.
p. 371.
Massachusetts, 2 Regiments, and
— In 1671, there were 6
Regiments
by the p. 46-
1,000 men.
including-
one in
Yorkshire. \ The military, till 1635-6, were under the Governor, Deputy Governor, and nine Commissioners, who could try offenders by Court-martial and put to death.— 1 .Mass. Rec. p. 93-142. |[
There were no pikemen
iu
King
Philip's war.
Hutch. Coll.
p.
435.
— Chap,
of Maine.
xii.]
establishments
the
in
377
country they had
upon almost every
legislated
concern the people
when
of the legislature, lawful age of
all
general sweep, all
all
by deed, Equal
rights
civil
and
of property
common
in
England, were wholly
given for the conveyance of estates,
upon the convic-
fowl in either
and
;
No
and the great
remove with
Slavery and bondage were prohibited
was holden by purchase, he was
to
;
forests,
his family
go out of his
to
do military duty, nor out of the jurisdiction
to
service.
the
ponds, and to
interior
was obliged
soldier
arteries of their
free to hunt in
also at his pleasure to
any other place.
county
were the
rational liberty
Every one was
system.
to fish in the tide-waters
to
and with one
:
alienation
or otherwise, without forfeiture
will,
sanction
21 years should be the
that
impediments to the
full liberty
1641,
any crime, or offence whatever.*
tion of
whole
and
;
In
life.
persons for transacting business
feudal or servile burdens, so
disallowed
which could anywise
liberal provisions received the
was ordained,
it
and
be treated with
in
all
actual
any one
if
the kind-
ness prescribed in the Divine law.
Our
ancestors, for the sake of freedom in matters of religion,
are well
known
to
have emigrated to
surprising, therefore, that such
sabbath, faith,
—
the
this
country
institutions as
;
and
and orthodox
those differing from the laws and usages of the to
be drawn from the scriptures.
All christian fugitives from famine and persecution were
be succored, and have the charities extended
ed
not
should have engaged their early and perpetual attention.
mother country, were intended
to
it is
marriage and the
subjects of church-establishments,
New provisions, and
in the
Gospel,
—
also strangers
were
to
to
by law
them, as enjoin-
have the same measure
of justice as freemen.
Marriage,f every where a divine and sacred ordinance, was never to be contracted by maidens, without the parents' or guardians' approbation.
Till that
was obtained,
all
the arts of ad-
dress employed in a secret manner, to win a female's
were declared by the
legislature
to
affection,
be subversive of parental
* Colony Laws, p. 44. f Before there was any Colony law, marriage was solemnized by the Governor and a minister of the gospel. Winthrop's Jour. p. 20.
—
Vol.
I.
35
a. d. 1640
.to
.
subject,
various conditions of
in the
many sound and
so
Their General
left.
.
Court
1660.
^ regulations,
THE HISTORY
378
[VOL.
and the divine honor, and were actually made a
A. D. 1640 authority
I.
fina-
to 1660.
The
ble offence.
be committed
to
regulations,
disposal of children in marriage
to the
was declared
God
care and discretion of parents by
Magistrates, and none other, were authorized to solemn-*
himself.
ize marriages,
1656, when the power was
till
town commissioners, where no magistrate resided
given
also to
was
yet there
;
a law as early as 1639, forbidding parties to marry, before their
had been published
intentions
in three public
meetings, or posted
fourteen days.
The
Sabbath,
were made
ions
limited
likewise
instituted
esteemed a day of holy for
rest
;
Divine authority, was
by
and several
strict legislative
the sacred observance of
was from midnight preceding,
that following the
to
attendance upon public worship was enjoined ble
;
and
^ne
piuffaS!
and
servile labor, recreation
Church
deemed by
relations,
proviso
The
it.
time
day
j
absences punisha-
;
travelling strictly forbidden.
the primary colonists so high*
ly important, were evidently intended to be formed and established
upon
free
legislature,
church, or
For
and scriptural principles. that
f
y*
setts— The General Court complain of them
gonia displeased with
i,
Commissioners — Their -
memorial
to
the
— Commissioners proceed Province — They open — a Court Sheepscot— Establish a county and appoint Their other measures — Their report — Indian Treaty — York — Their account Sheepscot records — Commissioners return Duke's Province — War with France — Unhappy condition of of Maine and Sagadahock — Treaty of Breda — Nova Scotia France — Disagreement of Acadians and Puritans signed — Temple's of Nova Scotia. to the /Juke's
Icing
r
at
officers
official
to
the
re*
the
to
Col.
664
loss
Charles
june'il.
having resolved to put Gorges into possession of
Maine, addressed
to
the
the 11th of
provincials a letter, dated
June, 1664, which was communicated, probably through the me^
dium of The
4
king's letter to the
Keopieof laine.
To
his
Commissioners.
our trusty and well beloved subjects and inhabitants /.-»/.
* ,
*
Province of Maine, and
you
nr
We
in the
it
—
Ferdinando Gorges, the grand-
may
concern,
«'
greet;
5 i
well.
'As we 1
•
whom
father
are informed,
-Sir
of the present proprietor, and a generous promoter of
*
foreign plantations, obtained a royal charter of Maine, and ex-
*
pended
'
prevented from reaping the
*
by the unhappy
*
bravely engaged in his master's service
4
opponents, intoxicated with success as
in settling
it,
civil
more than £20,000 fruits
;
and yet was wholly
of his expenditures and labors,
wars, wherein he though advanced in age,
we
-In the
mean
measures by
*
the voice of justice, have given countenance to
*
which the provincials have been brought within
'
Massachusetts-Bay, and the proprietary deprived of
4
sues and profits of his property
*
t
;
time, his
understand, and deaf to
the- jurisdiction
though according
all
the
of is-
to the decision
of our " counsel, learned in the law," his right to the charter is
fully established
;
the
Province was in possession of the orig-
Chap, xv.]
of Maine.
and under
413
government several years ;
the A. D. 1664.
*
inal proprietor
'
large sums mentioned had been by him expended in settling and
*
managing
i
'
his
he has in the late civil wars, been plundered and.
it ;
imprisoned several times
and being exhausted by
;
and
losses,
ill-treated by the " pretended committees offoreign plantations,"
and
of trouble, had
his agents in those times
1
he
1
itants to the
i
restoration, he,
1
sess himself of his Province,
temporary government oj their
by
his commissioners, has
his
i
of allegiance
Since the
endeavored
and two years
Majesty king, established courts, and gave
*
the inhab-
left
choice.
many
to
to repos-
proclaimed
since,
the oaths
but the government of Massachusetts prohibited
;
further proceedings of those commissioners,
they had or-
*
all
'
ders from the supreme authority of the kingdom
i
therefore taken the whole matter into our princely consideration,
*
(concludes the king) and have thought
1
in behalf of
4
require
you
i
to
make
restitution of the
:
—and
When
have
our pleasure
to signify
so
we
him or
to
his
show us reasons
to the
con-
you— farewell'*
bid
the General Court were
made acquainted
undertook
tents of this letter, they
royal commissioners,
Province
him or them peaceable possession
thereof, or otherwise without delay
trary
We
:
Ferdinando Gorges, the present proprietor, and do
'commissioners, and deliver '
fit
till
by
to justify their
with the con- Remarks
conduct, to the
recapitulating the grounds
and reasons,
which induced them to receive the provincials under the governHis Majesty, as the court believed, was
ment of the colony.
greatly misinformed as to the Sir Ferdinando.
It
amount of disbursements made by
might be true as the inhabitants say, that Mr.
Thomas Gorges and Mr. Vmes, after deducting their own expenses, did lay out £500 of the proprietor's money for the public good, or possibly £1,000 may have been expended in the whole, through mismanagement in building a house
setts
however, was not the
first
to
claim
Maine, against the rights of Gorges.
in
York,
Massachu-
breaking up lands, and a few unskilful enterprizes.
a considerable part of
For, Baron Rigby, twenty
years ago, entered upon a large portion of the territory, obtained a decision in his favor, death. f
—Nay,
did not
don the Province, Hutch. Coll.
p.
to
and exercised government there all
the
till
his
agents of Sir Ferdinando aban-
self-formed combinations and revolutionists,
305-388.
f3 Mast. Rec.
p.
178—180.
Court,
of
[VOL.
THE HISTORY
414 A. D. 1664. long before
Massachusetts asserted any right to
was the nature or character of her claim soil
—by
sales of
profits or
which she expected
No
avails.
and
protection
—but
on the contrary
They had bound
and
—Yet what
was not
to the
derive any pecuniary
to
was exclusively
it
themselves by their oaths, their
agreement, and other voluntary acts to
tion to the laws
it ? it
government, such as the inhabitants them-
civil
selves requested* articles of
:
surely
;
I,
subjec-
live in
of Massachusetts,
authorities
till
their
alle-
giance might be expressly countermanded by the supreme gov-
How
ernment of England, their
ed
to act without
right,
The pule
who presum-
to another's control,
any evidence of such authority, or paramount
and without .process of law
To the
dis-
then could they consistently with
solemn obligations, submit
letter in
?
behalf of Gorges, addressed by Henry Joscelyn,
John Archdale, Robert Jordan and Edward Rishworth, as before
'
mentioned, unto the Governor and Council, requesting them to resign Nov. 30.
and
of Maine,
surrender the jurisdiction
General
the
Court, Nov. 30, replied, that they had determined to yield none
of their rights
it
Province, until their duties
in
this particu-
plain and palpable. If the king's will
were known,
in the
were made
lar
was only through
his
address to the inhabitants, not by any
mandate or express communication
Nor were
chusetts.
government of Massa-
to the
the king's commissioners with
they possessed, authorized
in a
more
special
all
manner
the
power
to take
pos*
session of Maine, than of any other Province,
Thus, the features of the troublesome controversy are exhibit-
ires. pai •iesTn
Mame
'
"
ed to us, vincials
opening of the year 1665.
at the
were devoted
to the anticipated
to the
visit
king's will,
A
party of the pro-
and of course friendly
of his commissioners.
Many,
especially
such as were land or office-holders under the Gorges' family,
were the advocates of the present proprietary, and some of them claimed to
exercise
official
Massachusetts was inexorable ple
were strongly attached
authority ;
under his appointment.
and numbers of the eastern peo-
to her
government.
Therefore when
John Archdale,* the proprietor's agent, came forward with an order under the royal " sign manual," requiring her to restore unto
him Gorges' province, which he
said she
croached upon
civil
in the
* Fvlsom,
p.
time of the
91-2.
Archdale was
" had shamefully en-
wars," the General Court
in the
Province a year.
Chap. xv.J
of Maine.
415
told him, that " the distracted condition
of the people in York- a. D.
1665.
shire" required rather their protection and assistance, and that
a government of their choice should never be hastily withdrawn
from them.
By
the orders of that
Body,*
early in
May, we
A
with a positiveness not to be misunderstood.
be holden
will
at
civil officers will
York
Edward Rishworth
If
County-Recorder, Peter incumbent
present
Since there
pers.
Wyer
will
will act as
all
such
in
in
pa-
county,
that
every particular,
till
Messrs Simonds and Dan-
transgressors of the law,
measured
The
him
to
hold the usual term of the Courts in York, the current
and
;
alties
and
the record-books and
deliver
no resident magistrate
is
Ezekiel Knight of Wells,
forth will
County regulations,
neglect his duty
will take his place,
the further order of the Legislature.
year
All
show, as formerly, due obedience to the
will
colony administration.
the
County Court
the present as in previous years.
in
continue to exercise and perform their duties,
and the inhabitants
as
speak May.
find they
to
them with
all
any, will have
if
its
pen-
retributive justice.
king's commissioners, having visited the towns and
plan- j une
tations between Boston and Piscataqua, made a short tarry
.
in
J^Jj^j
New-Hampshire and passed the river, about the middle of June, doners in Here they summoned the people together and de- York/ into Battery. scribed to *
them
their inevitable ruin, if they continued
Bay-government.'
— ty,
their
contempts and crimes
—and The
Its rulers, said they,
their
position
doom can
soon be laid before his Majes-
will
easily
under the
are rebels and traitors,
be foreseen.
and authority assumed by the Commissioners
were not only despotic and unwarrantable, but extremely discreet. telling the
They
inhabitants,
and exclusive, ever ty's
virtually it
assailed
the
charter
of
granted privileges altogether too great
be possessed and exercised by
to
in-
Gorges,
most favored subjects,
—Mr> Gorges being
they manifested a forwardness to
assist
them
his
truly one.
Majes-
Hence
in obtaining security
from the claims, both of him and the rulers of Massachusetts.
Next they
exhibited
praying for
king,
among
those
men
also
;
a
a petition for signature, addressed to the
new colony
charter.
This found signers,
who were the friends or dupes of these arbitrary among the licentious, who are ever impatient of »re*3 Mass. Rec.
p.
116—17.
*
THE HISTORY
416
[VoL.
and bankrupts, who were anxious of
A. D. 1665. straint,
Such
from their debts.
relief or
I.
respite
were unyielding, they loaded with re-
as
proaches, the volatile they flattered, and the timid they threat-
ened.
All
who
him
were
did not comply,
would be returned
and
to his Majesty,
So
in its true colours.
told,
and amazed were several
affrighted
know what
of them, that they afterwards declared they did not
Many
they had done.
of the better and more sensible people
looked upon themselves
began
a condition to be
in
to entertain thoughts
estates, to
some
names
that their
their disloyalty painted to
utterly ruined
;
and
of removing with their families and
plantation or place of
more
and greater
quiet
security.
At York, the Commissioners passed to
form and establish a superstructure
out the Province.
ter of
own
have acted according
to
without regard either to the char-
will,
Gorges or the claim of Massachusetts.
Their
By
"
seem
In this, they
to the dictates of their
several days, undertaking of civil authority, through-
official
order was essentially in these words
:
—
the King's Commissioners for settling the affairs of
New-
England." c
l. s.
We
having seen the several charters granted to Sir
1
Ferdinando Gorges and
*
chusetts Bay, and duly
now
Corporation of Massa-
the
to
weighed the matters
in contro-
Majesty's good subjects,
*
versy, do
*
within the Province of Maine, under his immediate protection
1
man me region was at that
Piscataqua and
Nova
The
Scotia.
the incur-
to
time,
between and
inhabitants, scattered
defenceless, were without fortifications, without arms or military
and without even any
stores,
settlements upon a seacoast,
common bond
200
of union.
All the
miles in extent, were situated
near the best harbors, tempting in every thing except poverty, to the visits of invaders. this
The enemy on
who had by among the jeal-
their rear,
time acquired a singular missionary influence
ous savages, hated the puritan planters, and especially coveted this eastern country.
Nor was
dissensions, the eastern people
though
it
this
Distracted with political
all.
had none
to
help or protect them
were well known how many claimed
rule them.
In three or four years,
all
to
;
control and
com-
traces of the king's
missioners were obliterated, a few monumental evils excepted
;
and
Massachusetts was evidently the only power, to which the inhabitants
could look with any prospect of assistance,^ either
in
war
or peace. * "
M. de
Courcelles, appointed Governor of New-France,
" the regiment of Carignan Salueres to Canada."
— And with
it
came Baron de
fThe French
3 Mass. Rec.
}
Massachusetts at
horse."
—
p.
transported
1
1
Holmes' A. Jinn.
p.
396.
Castine.
established a peace with the
1
—
Mohawks, A. D.
1667.
268. this
I Holme*'' Jl
t
time had a militia, consisting " of 4,000 foot and 400
Ann.
p. 394.
Chap, xv.] Happily
of Maine.
for
them the war was
formed a lamentable
427 though
short,
A
train of evils.
cessation
its
consequences
of
the spring
was followed by two
eluded
Breda, July 31, 1667, one with France and the other
at
Nova
French
Scotia to the
England, the Dutch colony
The
at the
and Holland resigned
;
recession or return of the Acadian
Thomas was
Governor,
was
it
.
among
a great question
Indeed,
as well as
statesmen, and
if
the
perhaps
the crown could cede
For
right than that of sovereignty or the government.
the cession was not in the treaty
to
Province to France,
proprietor,
the territorial
the English envoy himself doubted,
any other
'
3i
Hudson.
was generally lamented throughout New-England.* since Sir
Treaty of r eda July
In these negotiations, the English agreed to sur-
with Holland.
render
which the English con-
treaties,
A. D. 1667.
in
hostilities
but through the pressure
itself,
and influence of the French embassy, was subsequently made an appendant
article.
Except under the administration of Governor Temple, the The p rench l,sh Acadian French had been always disagreeable to their New-
^^ 0
For
England neighbors. life
and thought,
their motives of action, their
and plans
their pursuits
in business,
habits of
and
in
fact,
the qualities and shades of their character, differed as
widely
from those of the English, as the two people were unlike
in their
all
language, their religious tenets and their political sentiments. short, they
agreed
in nothing,
Let a bigoted
nature.
except
catholic,
Jesuit priests, a slavish subject,
in
the
forms and
In
gifts
of
ever servile to the dictates of believing in the divine right of
kings, a
Frenchman devoted
wigwam
or an Indian wife, be contrasted with puritan piety, poli-
tics, intelligence it
difficult to
and
to
savage society, the chase, the
taste for refinements
;
and one
understand the causes of mutual
will not
dislike,
find
nor to de-
termine on which side were enmity and the avenger.
Among
were esteemed
heretics,
the disciples of papacy,
whose
was no
The
liberty,
all
wealth and
protestants
life
itself,
according to their creed,
it
sin to sacrifice.
Indians schooled by the same spiritual teachers, imbibed r
a similar disposition, and were easily bloated with the same opinions.
The
and western
original estrangement tribes
and malignity of the eastern
towards each other, were observed to be gradHotch. Coll.
p. 488.
dian».
*
A.
[V OL.
THE HISTORY
428 D
16C7 ually
1«
Their natural
yielding to the vibrations of intercourse.
cunning, sharpened by necessity, prompted them to trespass and
from home.
pilfer at a distance
Hence, the people were
1 667, among the domesmeadows of Hadley upon
autumn of
mischiefs, committed in the
animals, and in the cornfields and
tic
Connecticut river
Sagamore him and
and the sufferers sent
;
Robinhood, a chief
to
Kennebeck, demanding redress and
at
utmost
his tribe with the
To
repeated,.
satis-
Eastern Indians were the perpetrators of certain
fied, that the
promote amity with them,
given to the traders
and
in fur
threatening
were
severities, if the offences
license
was
at length
unto Indian friends,
in peltries, to sell
guns and ammunition.*
The
rights of
proprietary
Temple
to
determination of the French to obtain
English to surrender
the
it,
upon the
his master's ministry
Nova
the territory of
But perceiving
Scotia, no one in justice could deny.
it
was the
it,
and the agreement of
he entered
into a negotiation with
subject.
In consideration of a re-
linquishment, he exacted a reimbursement of the purchase money,
and the expenses bestowed upon other
£16,200, A D a
Frauce.
—
sum which
a
the
Immediately afterwards,
1668
fortifications,
crown agreed in
to
a
and incurred
was found
estimate
total
all
La Heve, Cape
article
Acadia,
of
J
with-*
by name, "
out anv specification as to boundaries, including John's, Port-Royal,
in
be
to
pay him.f
February 1668, the
cession was tacked to the treaty of Breda, and
to 1669.
resig ned°to
The
improvements.
St.
Sable, and Pentagoet," or
Penobscot, as being parts of the Province, was ordered into the
Not being paid
possession of the French.
ed the surrender,
he was forced
till
by
to submit,
made as
it
;
Walker, the
at last a formal
Fontaine.
It
was
and Capt. Wibourne proprietary's
felt
nephew William Nelson and
his heirs.
\
Chalmers, Brit.
p.
Emp.
p.
in
at
Penobscot,
p.
Grand ;
and
1674, he devis-
in
But being unable
to avail
f Palairet, p. IS.
See the article
America,
le
the Province, to his
2S0— 272.
393.
1669,§
by Sir Thomas
occurred just before his death which was his interest in
X
in
Lieutenant-Governor,
surrender of the whole, to Mons.
a hardship sensibly
ed ihe money, or otherwise
* 3 Mass. Rcc.
money, he delay-
command,
without the consideration promised him,
which he never received and Richard
the
his Majesty's special
in
appendix, p,$U
22.— 1 Hutch. Hist.
p. 237.
Chap, xv.]
of Maine.
429
himself of any advantage from the bequest, Nelson transferred
Waldo of Boston, who
[A. D. 1730] to Samuel
it
pay him the money, award him the Province, or
crown
either to
grant
him an equivalent
other American lands.*
in
however was allowed him, and It
said, the
is
and
after
dia,
who
Nothing
sank into oblivion.
his claim
French Governor was M. de Bourg
first
him Mons. Denys was appointed Lt. Governor resided in the country thirty years
lished a short history of
;
and
in
at the latter place, at
Port-Royal and
at the river St.
we
forts
Johns.§
by
Province previ-
find that within the
Ken-
ously bisected into two divisions, by a partition line through
eral
river, the courts, established consisted
Assembly, Courts of
Common
and single Justice Courts
Sessions,
May
in
or June at Saco
four times
in
first
of causes under
had sessions annually
the second three times, and the third
;
a year in
Pleas, Courts of Quarter
The
40s. by a jury of seven men.
of four, the Gen-
for the trial
each
division, at
York and
at
Falmouth.
Offences were presented by grand juries, and facts determined
by juries of division,
in
At
trials.
July
Francis Hooke,
a court holden at
Casco
for the eastern
1666, by Henry Joscelyn, William
Phillips,
Edward Rishworth, and Samuel Wheelwright,
styled the " Justices of the peace appointed by special
commission
from the Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Carr, Lt. Col. George Cartwright
and Samuel Maverick Esq."
it
was ordered,
that the selectmen of
Falmouth should have the oversight of children and servants and correct such as were disobedient
power
weights and measures standard at Winchester. prohibited
and
I
:
The
—non-attendance
profanity,
George Mountjoy have
Brit.
Dom.
according
and see
if
to the
king's
sale of liquors to the Indians
at public
f
in
p. 104.
Am. p
246.
was
Hutch. Coll.
p.
peace.-
489-543.
After him Manival was Governor. 1
the
worship, sabbath-breaking,
were made punishable by a justice of the
Mass. Letter Book, 1
that
town were
in
* Palairet, p. 19.
J
;
to administer oaths, join parties in marriage,
Holmes' A. Ann.
p.
ru .
the
In returning to the administration of government, instituted the king's Commissioners,
],
1672, pub-
The French occupied
at Paris. J
it
;f p renc
Aca-y^°^ Nova
in
country from Cape Breton to Penobscot; and built stockaded
nebunk
A. D. 1668,
applied to the
399,404.
a.
D
1666, 8 '
Affairs of
Maine *
THE HISTORY
430 A
courts
1 '
W^ en
G67 1668
[Vol.
holding their terms in York, were evidently-
guided by the laws previously received from Massachusetts the last General Assembly under the at
Saco,
in
May
1
I.
688
;
after
;
and
new government, was holden
which the people sought
to
be un-
der the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.* * 1 Maine Hist. Soc. Coll. p. 117-126. — George Cleaves died about 1666, much embarrassed in his pecuniar}- affairs. Henry Joscelyn, being- greatly in debt to Joshua Scottow of Boston, made a conveyance to him, in 1666, of the
Cammock
adjoining tract 1
;
patent at Black-point, except his homestead, and an
— upon which purchase the grantee afterwards resided.
f
Chap,
xvi.]
OF MAINE.
CHAPTER
431
XVI.
—Appointment of Commissioners by — Governor Nichols' opposition — The Commissioners York— Altercations between Justices — Massachusetts resumes government of them and and courts of justice — John and Maine — Appoin tment of eastern Province — Re-survey and Henry Joscelyn — State of 3Iassachus£tts' patent, eastward— The county of of and regulations — Peace with Devonshire established— Duke of York— Courts in Dutch — A new patent and population — Taxes — Happy Maine — The provincial union of Massachusetts and Maine — Claim of Gorges and Mason— of Edward Randolph — His representations — The court of England— Their agents of Massachusetts at — Decision by a committee of Privy Council— Blaine purMaine
Political confusion in
Massachusetts
to
settle
the affairs there visit
the
the
officers
the
extent
the
'Its
officers
to
the
the
militiq
Visit
the
instruc-
tions
chased by Massachusetts.
At
the end of three or four years,
sioners were
,
into lamentable confusion.*
affection
for
himself give
this it
new
the king's
after
Commis-
the affairs of Gorges' Province relapsed
recalled,
tt
•
•
His partisans entertained no great
non-descript administration
The
any special support.
;
a. t>. 1667
me,
Maine
in
'
a
confused
nor did he appointed
Justices
were not the most popular men. In their attempts to discharge for numbers called their duties, the experiment was unavailing ;
—
in question the validity of their authority,
the
and the lawfulness of
power, which they were endeavoring
hearts beat high for
a return
to
exercise.
Many
of the prosperous days, enjoyed
while connected with Massachusetts
and the principal
;
men
be-
sought her government, to reassume the jurisdiction of the Province.
The
General Court,
at their session
in
the present to be the third year since any
from Maine, and rinding a restoration of
May
1668, observing
member had appeared political
order,
and a
—
"
* 1 Hutch. Hist. p. 238. The General Court said, they were in a state of anarchy."— Mass. Rec.—Hub.N.E. p. 593. f The last General Court holden under authority of the king's Commis-
sioner*,
sat at
Saco,
May
29,
1663.
—
I
Coll.
Maine
Hist.
Soc.
p. 126.
AD
-
16(58-
lonsid'ere'd™
York c^J[;
— A
D. 1668. settled administration of justice, to
people, thought
owed both
was a
it
to the
inhabitants
*
charter, they
*
thrown
1
as
they
duty,
political
king and to the Province, to enter immediately 4
subject.
interesting
were choosing,
'
i.
be anxiously desired by that
religious as well
into a consideration of the
For while the
the Court said, to be under our
as
were deprived of
their invaluable privileges,
into the depths of disorder,
and
by Commissioners who were
rather destroyers than promoters of his Majesty's interest, and
—men
who have
*
the peoples' good
*
upon our government, and have been the authors of transactions,
4
Four
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
432
Com
;
which they had
for
cast malignant
aspersions
no lawful authority.'
in fact
Hence, the General Court appointed four distinguished men,
missioners.
Commissioners,
Court
to hold a
in
York, on the
first
Tuesday of
the ensuing July, according to legal and former usage
manded
;
the people of the Province, in his Majesty's
yield again
due obedience
all
to the
whom
to
conformity to a legislative
grand and
These precepts were
Nathaniel Masterson,
in
the provincial towns, directing
all
to elect Associates, constables, officers.
name
laws and government of the
Also the colonial Secretary
colony.*
order, issued warrants to
and com-
petit jurors,
distributed
them
and other
by
the constables
to
the legislature appointed marshal of
the county.
The lows Their ap-
*
substance of the Commissioners' appointment was as
fol-
:
To Major
General John Leverett, Mr. Edward Tyng, Capt.
|»ointment. 1
Richard Waldron and Capt. Richard Pike.f *
1
You
are hereby required to repair to York, in the
Yorkshire, and there
all
or any two of you,
County
of
whereof General
'
Leverett shall be one, are required to keep a County Court
*
as the law directs.
*
to possess other authority, or
c
obedience they owe
*
charter, to
*
allegiance
And
in
case you meet with any, pretending
presuming
to this jurisdiction
to
swerve lrom the due
under
his Majesty's royal
which they have submitted and solemnly pledged ;
—you
* Hubbard's N. E.
will bring
p.
them
to trial before
you, and pass
595.
the colony militia; Tyng was Waldron was deputy from Dover N. H. a speaker of the House; and Pike lived in Salisbury, and was afterwards an assistant. j-
Leverett was
assistant this
commander
year for the
first
in chief of
time
;
;
Chap.
of mainil
xvi.J
433
1
sentence upon the guilty, according to the aggravation of their
4
offences.
Furthermore, you are authorized
4
to
confirm
and military, as you
all
and
officers
judge meet and
1
Commissioners,
*
proper, for the security
1
the Courts of the Shire
4
accomplish these duties, you are hereby empowered from the
4
date of these presents, to take such measures preparatory for
civil
shall
and preservation of order or peace
in
enabling you
to
Also, for the
;
better
'holding a Court, and settling the peace of the county, as you 4
your discretion
and
*
civil
4
ants, are
military, within this jurisdiction
hereby directed to
4
shall require
4
ceedings to
and you are
;
this
the
Colony
to
you
assist
—And
and as
all
the
other inhabit-
matter pending
render an account of your pro-
to
all
which,
this
May
be affixed,
Court hath caused the
Besides their Commission, they had a
which they were directed a guaranty of the
Governor.'*
of instructions, by
letter
privileges
enjoyed
in
to prevent or check, as far as possible, all disputes
about grants of landf
made by
their local "
individual rights, or claims to real estate, to suppress disturbances
discretion as sary, in the
When
questions
General Assemblies,* to
J
leave
unaltered and untouch-
and otherwise,
;
much power and
Their instrucl,OH *'
other places
and
during the interruptions of the three preceding years
;
of
unto the provincial inhabitants,
to give
common
seal
20, 1668/
'RICHARD BELLINGHAM,
ed
in
officers,
all
Court, at the next session in October.
In testimony of
4
4
judge to be expedient;
shall
A. D. 1668.
to exercise in their
authority as they might find neces-
performance of the
trust
delegated to them, J
Governor Nichols heard of these proceedings, he wrote Governor
a letter from
New- York, June
12th, to the Governor
'
and Assis-
'
iNicil ° 1
lct "
^ tertoMas-
#
tants of Massachusetts; in
which he inveighed severely against sachuseus,
the course they were pursuing.
4
1
am, said he, not a
little
sur-
4
prized to find, that you are preparing to usurp again the govern-
4
ment of Maine
4
have been submitted to the king by different claimants, are
*
;
3 Mass. Rec. p.
|By
at a
time too,
when
the rights of ownership, which
277.— Hubbard's N. E.
still
p. 596.
would seem that the inhabitants of Maine, during: the three years interruption had General Assemblies,' whieh made graiit* this expression, it
'
of lands.
}3 Mass. Rec.
Vol.
I.
p. 278.
42
—
f
A. D. 1668.
[VoL.
THE HISTORY
434 «
Nor can
determination.
awaiting his royal
Commissioners might do or
*
his
*
farther
direct,
was
be unknown
it
'you, that according to his letter of April 10,
I.
to
1666, whatsoever
be conclusive,
to
You
commands were received from him.
possess
till
power
compel a submission of your weaker neigh-
4
enough,
*
bors
'
courts of law, in answer to the petition of a few unquiet spirits,
it is
true, to
you may
and
;
feel
in
duty bound to reestablish your
*
and under a plausible pretence of restoring order and peace
1
But
ought not
I
to
'contrary to the '
be
Do
letter.
you to
never stretch forth an arm of power to defend
suppose he
will
4
his subjects
from usurpation
*
fore I leave these parts, I
6
prehensions, that " in
:
directly
forbearance and clemency, as
his
1
"
of his Majesty's
injunctions
presume so much upon
view of measures so
in
silent,
?
—Unable myself
must express
you compel an
if
to
you
to
alteration
you, be-
visit
my
fearful ap-
of government
the Province of Maine, by subverting the present establish-
" ments," you may, and probably will be the cause of bitter c
quarrels, and even bloodshed.
*
it is
Nichois sue-
*
cious invaders.'*
Lovdace.
ernor Nichols.
nature's law, for
He
men
to
For
This was one of the
New-York and Sagadahock
The
Commissionersar-
letter
thorities
rive at
of
a dictate of reason, all offi-
of Gov-
last official acts
soon embarked for England, and was suc-
ceeded by Col. Lovelace, who was of the
it is
defend their rights against
five years,
of Gov. Nichols had no
Massachusetts.
upon the 1
effect
The Commissioners,
,
,
Deputy-Governor
Provinces. civil
.
,
York,
Mr. Pike,) " accompanied by a military escort" arrived
July 6.
Monday
at
York,
the 6th of July, J intending the next day, to take
They
Bench.
appointed Peter
au-
(excepting
the
Wyer, clerk of the Court
;§
and finding Nathaniel Masterson the county marshal, imprisoned by the dominant party, they appointed another pro tempore^
whose
duties however,
release. Met by the Justices,
ently
met
j us ti ces
were soon suspended by the incumbent's
Without much ceremony, or formality, they were presat their lodgings,
by Henry Joscelyn and the other
appointed by the King's Commissioners,
when
they
agreed upon a free conference the next morning.
all *
At
the hour,' as the Court's Commissioners say in their state-
* Hutch. Coll. p.
427— S.
f
Smith's
J
Chalmers,
$
Rishworth, former clerk, took sides with the Justices.
p.
484.
New
York.
— Chap,
—
xvi.]
ment of
of maine.
the particulars,
we had
'
435
a discourse with them, in which a.d.
they produced their Commission, a transcript of the late ad- The aiterca-
*
dress from Gov. Nichols, and a packet of papers, and requested
make
4
us to
4
that they
'
4
4
4
ourselves acquainted with their contents
had a right
preside over
to
;
declaring
the Province,
not
that
more than four or jive in a town of any character, would be
found
in our favor
the duties enjoined
and
to their orders 4
and
;
that they, as justices, should execute
upon them by his
Commission, according
their
Majesty's special
command?
and powers, said the Commissioners, our
All your papers
4
General Court have too thoroughly considered, to require any
4
reperusal by us.
4
lawfully possessed the authority, which they
assumed to
Those under whom you
aspire
to act,
*
His Majesty directed Massachusetts either
4
vince to Mr. Gorges, or assign to him our objections
*
well known,
4
under
is still
we have chosen
common
required by our
4
tration of justice to
4
shall presently ascertain
4
cording to our
4
to us.
If
which
will not
ed
;
it is
surrender ?
—By
the public
adminis-
the
the returns,
sentiment
we
and ac-
;
discharge the trust committed
shall
we
advise upon
shall
measures,
then repairing to the meeting-house, open-
by reading publicly
plaining the purposes of their
sociates
;
Pro-
and
inefficient.'*
The Commissioners ed a Court,
shal to
is
are opposed,
be
;
sovereign, to
what
we
resign the
The cause and when have we been
your Commissioners
ability,
we
never
to exercise.
the latter alternative.
his royal consideration
4
4
1668.
'
visit.
Commission, and ex-
their
Next, they ordered the mar-
make proclamation for returns of votes forwarded for asand jurymen when those of five towns were present-
and
;
it
was
said, another
town had been interrupted while
voting, and the meeting of a second, wholly prevented by the justices.
In the midst of the canvass, the latter
came
to the
door-steps,
with a written paper and exclaimed, " Let all here listen
tend to his Majesty's commands
order replied,
t(
it,
and he
and
at'
marshal by the Court's
whoever has a command from
him come forward and show justices then
/"—The
his
Majesty,
shall be heard.
entered the house, and exhibited
1
'
let
The
the documents
* Randolph and others state that the Commissioners " entered the Prov-
ince in a hostile
manner with horse and
foot."
Hutch.
Coll. p. 488.
lhe
Courts!
— [VOL.
THE HISTORY
436 a.d.
-
1668. 110 " 3
er the* Courts,
shown
Commissioners,
to the
m ight
ea*> tnat tne y
Being
formed
upon
;
gratified, if
and the Court
they would wait
of the associates and constables, placed the jurors
lists
their pannels,
viously,
towns
and adjourned
to a future hour.
had summoned an assembly of the deputies from the and that they and the justices had taken possession of the
;
meeting-house.
A
message was dispatched by the Commission" It will be granted" said the jus-
requesting an interview.
tices,
" at this place ;" and immediately their marshal, Nathaniel
Phillips,* traversed the streets, proclaiming in
places, unto
whom
commands of have any,
for
We
W
shall not
his Majesty's
Show
commands and
these
" e p r oclaim" they P eace given us in the king's name, -
Whence,
his Majesty's justices ," ?
But
show them. power."
—-These
ive
inquired one and
us your warrant
you
the charge
to
orders are our protection
:
—
say to all opposers, beware of
being palpable contempts of the
Commissioners' authority, they ordered the county marshal the offenders into custody,
if
of the public
distractions
" according
said,
Our
more public
the
all
Observe ye and obey the
might concern
it
another, have you this authority
6 JootroversJ
till
examination,
finished the
appeared, in the interim, that the justices, at some time pre-
It
ers,
audience of the assembly.
the
in
might be
told their wishes
afternoon, they retired
private conference, and request-
in
be read
I.
to take
and they were consequently put under
a temporary arrest.
The Commissioners where they found the
proceeded
;"—-who,
meeting-house,
to the
and the house
" Give place ," exclaimed the marshal, "
ple.
ers
then
seats occupied,
to the
as they approached towards the justices,
to this effect-— "You are the authors of an affront ed, but
your course will avail you nothing
led your meeting elsewhere,
and
;
trust, to
began
to speak.
*
He was
to clear the
their Major of the
expect-
—Depend
house. f
Regiment, and
As v.n
cal-
upon
the del-
— A scene of con-
rose from their seats, and
The Commissioners commanded
ordered the marshal
remarked
little
any part of
which we are commissioned."
fusion instantly ensued, several
we
of peo-
you might have
at another time.
this-^-we shall not be deterred from executing
egated
full
Commission-
some
silence,
and
the justices were
agent of Gorges.
Randolph says, the Commissioners turned out his Majesty's justices by "an armed force," in opposition to his authority, and declaration of April f
10,
1666— Hutch.
Coll. p. 526.
— Chap,
Mr. Joscelyn, one of them, prudently advis-
leaving their places,
ed
437
of maine.
xvi.]
his partisans near
him
The
door and departed.
The
to retire. justices,
assembly pressed
however, being reseated, en-
tered into a conference with the Commissioners, then
bench
;
to read
in the forenoon,
who, when again requested as the king's
mandamus
to peruse
NichoFs
letter, as
it
upon the consented
of April 10th, before men-
letter,
tioned,* and likewise the commission of the
ed
A. D. 1668.
to the
justices, yet declin-
was only a part of a private cor-
respondence.
To
c
these papers, the Commissioners replied
missioned to hold a court and
1
'
Province.
(
We
What we have
begun,
God
We
com-
are
peace and order of the
settle the
willing,
we
shall
finish.
are fully aware of the irregularities occasioned throughout
k
these eastern towns and plantations, in 1665,
£
missioners
;
who were
by the
Com-
king's
so bold as to charge Massachusetts
oommis-
with J'Sh™
pre "
treachery and rebellion, and to threaten her before the year's
4
*
end, with the dreadful retributions of our sovereign's severity.
4
But through
*
yet possesses authority,
'
government
e
clemency, with the words of those,
1
the divine assistance and his Majesty's power,
;
by royal
and we fear not
charter, to assert her
compare her
to
she
rights
acts of justice
who can make words
of
and only
their boast.'
The
Roger o
Justices retiring, o»
enquired of the Commissioners, as he *
'
townsmen,
in
what way they resumed
the people's submission etition
was required
of private statements, that
all
?
—The answer
in the
was a rep-
the civil power claimed and
exercised was by virtue of the charter
would be secured
Mann ? r a Jjuror from Kittery, J '
of resuming ' overn the s said, at the request of his * monl of the government ; and how Maine,
Plaisted,
;
and that the inhabitants
enjoyment of the same privileges with
the freemen of other counties.
The memorial
requesting an enlargement of immunities was
of Scarborough,
discussed, and re-
ferred to the Legislature,
In completing the organization and arrangement of affairs in
the
county,
as connected
with the
administration of justice
;
they gave to the constables present and the jurymen their oaths,
and approved and proclaimed Pendleton of Saco
;
five
Associates elected, viz.
Francis Raynes of York
* See Nlchol's letter, ante.
;
Bryan
Francis JVeale
0fficcrs
—
1;
TIIE
438 a. D.
1668.
Ezekiel Knight of Wells, and Roger
of Falmouth
;
of Kittery.
Few
and therefore patched. *
The
Militia or-
gamzed.
July
8, 9.
branch of their
this
were formed
military of Yorkshire
were these
:
—
:
—
Kittery,
In
united
trust
into
into
trial
was soon
six
dis-
train-bands
The
a regiment.
Bryan Pendleton, who was major and commanded the soldiery at Black-
In Saco,
°f the regiment by brevet, point
official
i.
Plaisted
or no parties to law-suits were ready for
Qr companies duly officered, and officers
[Vol.
history
Charles
Captain, Roger
Frost,
Plaisted,
— York, Job Alcock, John and Arthur Bragdon, Ensign — and Francis Ensign — ScarLieutenant — Falmouth, borough, Andrew George Lieutenant, and John Gattery, Ensign
In
:
Lieutenant,
Lit-
In
:
In
:
Town
Lieutenant.
Wells,
Littlefield jr.,
Algier,
gersol,
In
:
Lieutenant,
tlefield,
In-
commissioners, as heretofore were
also appointed.
^°
Local or special com.nussioners.
con
fi
rm ana "
strengthen the authority of the County Court
appointed next to be holden r1
at
#
September
the
;
York, on the 15th of the ensuing ° Waldron, m
Commissioners designated Messrs
Pike and Pendleton,
to set with the
for the trial
Associates,
of
causes and the dispatch of business.
A Sassacilusetts
com-
missioners
^ u ty
written
communication was presented
9, just before they left the Province,
tercation
between them and the justices.
to the
al-
All that remains
be
mentioned of the Commissioners' transactions the Legislature,
Commissioners,
and concluded the
made Oct. 23d. which was
is
to
their report to
followed by a vote
of public thanks for their services, and by an ample remuneration.!
This overture and change enkindled resentments, among the defeated party, which they were their complaints
ill
disposed to suppress.
and invectives, they were extravagant
continued obstinate, and a few
John Joscelyn,
after his
left
second
;
In
—some
the Province. visit to this
country in 1663,
* Francis Neale, Anthony Bracket, Arthur Anger, Mr. Foxwell and Robert Corbin, were town commissioners for Falmouth and Scarborough. G. Ingersoll and George Felt, were jurymen lrom Falmouth.
—
•|-See
the Commissioners' report in HubbardCs JV. E. p. 596-600.
Hutch. Hist.
p.
240-5.
Sullivan,
p.
376-382— 3 Mm*. Rec.
—
—
p.
—
295-7.—
Nicholas Shapleigh was major, in 1665 N. Phillips in 1666 who, as Randolph says, only wanted an opportunity to express his duty to his Majesty.
—Hutch.
Coll. p. 500.
— Chap,
xvi.]
of maine.
In the "account of his
of his brother Henry.
New-England" he
439
time in Scarborough, at the house
passed a large portion of his
A.I>. 1668.
two voyages to Joyagwu"
9
wrote under the influence of strong prejudices
towards Massachusetts, and has given a very incorrect relation of
He
the preceding transactions. sioners
were sent over
to put
states, that
Mr. Gorges
the
into
Commis-
king's
possession of his
But
Province, and to keep Massachusetts within due bounds.
" the Province u
foot,
in
a hostile
manner with
and turned the judge and
a troop of horse
his assistants
4
threatened the Judge and
Henry
*
and highly
'
the pro-
to
faithful
The Judge mentioned by him was eviThis man, who was one of Henry
prietary's interest.'f
dently
such as were
all
and
from the bench, im-
" prisoned the major or commander of the militia,"* *
as
" entered
soon as they returned to England, Joscelyn says she
Joscelyn, his brother.
.
Joscelyn's re-
.
Sir Ferdinando's provincial councillors,
both in Maine and Sagadahock.
and
ince, probably in disgust,
several years, he
had been placed by the
movai.
before stated at the head of the bench
king's commission as
But
settled
after this,
assumed and continued
he
Pemaquid
at
left
the Prov-
where, for
;
to act, in his official
capa-
city.!
At the General Court of
elections in
Charles Frost, from Kittery
;
MayJ
Maine and took
three deputies appeared from
Peter
Wyer
from York
ard Colicott from Falmouth and Scarborough. istrate
was delegated
this spring to
at Boston a. d. 1669. ' May. their seats; viz, Three depVLmt
1669,
;
and Rich- Mea^™ m
A presiding mag-
Yorkshire as usual
;
and for
the accommodation of suitors, a legislative order was passed,
in
October, appointing the County Court to be holden alternately
at
York and Wells.§
The
resubjection of the Province to Massachusetts
appeared rr Nichols had returned to Eng.
this year, to
land,
be generally
settled.
and we hear no more of him or
mission,
among her
irresolute, or too
much
any great exertions
for
recovery of his inheritance.
him
to
fill
* N. Phillips. I
SmaWs
Com. Rep. b
deposition taken p.
99.
3 Mass. Rec. 321.
make
discouraged by repeated defeats, to
for the
was always convenient
Com-
his colleagues in the
Gorges was too necessitous, too
accusers.
Yet
the king's ear with
| Joscelyn's voyages, p. 199.
Nov
11, 1737,
Small then being- 73 years
it
com-
old.
State of the Province.
J
A. D. 1669. plaints
and he could
;
who were
setts,
find in
England
U
[VoL.
THE HISTORY
440
foes
enough
Massachu-
to
ever ready to encourage him in the pursuit of a
right so manifestly just.
The
Eastern planters, being generally of republican and puritan
Numbers upon
sentiments, were contented.
the
seaboard were
occupying lands under Indian deeds and possessory passion
odious
for
fee-simple
estates
The
titles.
rendered the idea of quit-rents
and the dreams of finding mines of precious metals, no
;
longer inflated the hopes of the settler or the cupidity of the
Wars
ho-
Mohawks
speculator.
The
natives
were
During the bloody and
quiet.
exterminating war, which had been raging six or seven years be-
tween the New-England Indians, and the Mohawks, the colo-
Tribes
nists
had not been much troubled by Indian depredations.
decisive battle at last
who had been
was fought
1669;
in
were followed
to the
Mohawks, who
Maine
their
other diseases, which
villages,
To
damage.
natives, especially in
l 'ed.
we may
believe
war
the
the
and
;
banks of the Penobscot, by the victorious
set fire to
tribe considerable
A. D. 1670.
If
of tradition, the Tarratines took part in
tales
The
which the former,
the besiegers, were worsted, and pursued by their
fierce enemies with relentless fury.*
and
in
this,
carried
and otherwise did the
succeeded the small pox
numbers of the
great
off
Canada, and greatly impaired the
fur trade.
In 1670,f the interior regulations of Yorkshire were perfected. ^omas Danforth, an experienced Assistant of ten years, was
set
designated to preside
Court
;
the
in
Court of Associates or County
and Elias Stileman, of Great Island, John Cutts and
Richard Cutts, of Kittery, and three or four others towns, were
the authority of magistrates to try small riages, administer oaths
The
Legislature, in fact,
same
and
now
when they were
first
causes,
solemnize mar-
solemnly enacted, that the several
privileges,
political
different
and take the acknowledgment of deeds.
towns and inhabitants, should be secure civil
in
Commissioners as usual, invested with
appointed
in the
enjoyment of the
which were granted
brought under the charter
;
to
them
and hence
this
system of administration was pursued several years, without any considerable alterations. *
1 Coll.
Mass. Hist. Soc.
p.
166-7.— 1 Holmes' A. Ann.
p.
403-407.
f See in Hubbard's N. E. p. 646, a remarkable account of an excavation,. A. D. 1670, in Wells, by a mineral vapor, rising- over the highest oaks. I
3 Mass. Rec. p. 364.
—
1
Brit.
Dom.
in
Amer.
p. 214.
;
Chap,
of maine.
xvi.]
As soon
French were
as the
in full
country westwardly of
and the
ern patent, even to
Kennebeck
its affairs
was
they ^JJJJJ
residue of the Duke's east-
river.
still
Nova
Scotia, A. D. 1670.
including Penobscot,
it,
boldly claimed jurisdiction over the
ministration of
441 possession of
It
in the
was observed
af-
fairs *
that the ad-
hands of Henry Josce-
lyn and other justices, appointed by the king's Commissioners
was
that there
of feeling between
existing a great contrariety
them and the inhabitants, towards Massachusetts ; that a close alliance was established between England and France ; and that Lovelace, the Duke's Governor ducal territory
at
at
Sagadahock with
New-York, was
French Governor, was a bigoted politician, in ferent from
Temple,
his excellent predecessor
;
treating the
De
utter neglect.
Bourg, the
way difDuke was
every
and the
suspected of undue attachment to the French court, besides beIn this aspect of
ing himself at heart a catholic.
Massa-
affairs,
chusetts and the Duke's colonists might with great reason inquire, whether
any event were more probable, than the
sale
or
resignation of his entire eastern patent to the French.
To patent
much apprehended,
contravene a measure so
Court,
May, 1671, looked anew
in ;
and
the General A. D.
into the eastern extent of their
A f
t
came
to a determination to
pose, they appointed
Thomas
Clark, their agent,
firm of Clark and Lake,
the
—
was a
skilful
to
this
pur-
who was one of
landholders of large tracts be-
tween Sagadahock and the Sheepscot
Mountjoy of Falmouth,
For
have another made.
make
;
and he employed George
the observations.
and celebrated surveyor of
This
man
an adherent
his time,
probably to the interests of the Lygonian proprietary, and not otherwise a foe to Massachusetts.*
Though be
lost
in
all
new
subjects require deliberation, no time
the accomplishment of this
pains were spared
by Massachusetts
the highest degree popular,
The most Isles
acceptable
all
was
business, as
measures
to render her
among
men were
critical
the eastern
appointed to office
;
to
no in
inhabitants.
and
in the
of Shoals, or Appledore, belonging partly to Gorges and
partly to
Mason, Commissioners, appointed * Sullivan.
Vol.
I.
43
at the
people's re-
y
Ma&™
h u * etls
of the former survey,
suspecting the correctness
1671.
ent
pa "
THE HISTORY
442 were empowered
a. D. 1672. quest,
to try
year they were annexed
£10:
causes of
all
A
le g islatLire >
the
-
D. 1672.
—The
*•
next
County of Dover.*
to the
Mountjoy completed the survey and made
Extent of
eastward!
[Vo*-
his report
to the
In his search he found, as he believed,
Merrimack
northernmost source of the
to
be about two
leagues farther north, than had been determined by preceding surveyors. f
To
49' 12/'
A
this,
add three miles, according
line
from
the Sagadahock, near
Head
to the stipulation
and the parallel of latitude found, would be 43°
in the patent,
due east would cross
point, stretched
this
where Bath now
is,
and terminate
By
Island in the bay of Penobscot.
this
survey,
at
if
White
accept-
ed and established, there would be brought within the charter an extensive seaboard, also Arrowsick, Parker's and Georges'
ands,! Monhegan, Metinicus and
the other Islands
all
coast, likewise the principal settlement at
the
Duke
be in
this
manner
bereft of
Pemaquid.
all
his
Yet should more commodious
water-privileges and a great part of his provincials
a
fit
Isl-
upon the
;
he might
in
of ill-humor resist this encroachment, though he being of the
cabinet had passively consented, that the French by the treaty of
Breda should have though
patent eastward of Penobscot
his
all
;
and
he held the particular territory lying between Sag-
in fact
adahock and Pemaquid,
—below
the line extending from the head
of the latter to the former, only by a possessory right, not by charter right.§
ed by
this
It
was happy
new
too, for
survey, while
it
Massachusetts, that the claim rais-
was of
so doubtful a character, did
not embrace Dartmouth, the seat of the Duke's goverment. if this
Dutch war. ances,
and some other incidents were merely plausible one event of the war,
A. D. 1673.
But
appear-
declared by England against
lately
Holland, encouraged Massachusetts claim.
in
in
This was the recapture of the
prosecution
the
fort at
of her
New- York, July
30,
1673, by a Dutch armament under Binkes, Evertzen and Clove,
from the West Indies. colonial
||
For
* 7 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. p.
243.-3 Mass. Rec.
f Ante, A. D. 1652— Lat. 43°, J Sullivan,
"
as soon as the
capitulation of that
government was concluded, Governor Lovelace returned
p
p.
380— 40S.
43', 12".
291— 272— 390.— (< The
seacoast being well inhabited and
the fishing- in a flourishing' state."— 1 Hutch. Hist. p. 292. $
See ante, A. D. 1664.
jj
Hubbard's N. E.
p. 611. -Smith's
N.
Y—
p. 29.
Chap,
xvi.]
England
to
of MAINE.
443
mere shadow of the Duke's
;* leaving only a
Sagadahock, and abandoning the planters
ty at
of their fortune and
...
si
1673.
fate.
Encouraged by these eventful Court gave
authori- A. D.
to the destinies
circumstances*
» jf
General Commis-
the .
.
Mountjoy
their sanction to
survey
s
;
,
and proceeded,
sioners appoinied to 1'
during their session in October, to erect the easternmost section
new county.
of the patent, beyond Sagadahock into a
For
6
couTuy.
this
Thomas Thomas Richard and Callicot, GarHumphrey Davy, Clark, to meet at Pemaquid, Cape Newagwho directed f were diner, four commissioners,
purpose, the legislature appointed
or
en,
some other convenient place eastward of Sagadahock
—
and organize a county, in legislative language, " according to the wholesome laws of this jurisdiction, that so " the ways of Godliness may be encouraged, and vice arrested."
river, hold a court
Invested with powers, direct and to the trust, they
opened
discretionary, fully adequate
their court, in
May, 1674,
at
Pemaquid,
which was attended by a considerable number of people. cording to their express desire, the court
first
erected
May, 1674.
Ac-
this section
of the Massachusetts jurisdiction, from Sagadahock to Georges' river
inclusive,
county by the name of " Devonshire ,"
into a
remembrance of one
in
in
Plymouth was the chief town. of allegiance to 84
—
England, having that name, of which
Devonshire establlslied -
Next, they administered the oath
inhabitants present
;
and proceeded
to
make
appointments among them, though none were legally freemen, according to the colony laws.
They
appointed
Thomas Gardiner, county
treasurer,
Richard
Oliver of Monhegan, clerk of the court and recorder, and Thorn'
Humphrey
as
of Sagadahock, marshal,
who
as executive
of the county, was directed to take charge of the prison. constables, ert
of
Edward
Cape Newagen.
to
marry
plantation or local commissioners, and
parties
knowledgment of deeds, *
Mr. Gardiner, Mr. Gammon, Mr. John Palmer of
Patteshall of Sagadahock,
Monhegan, were appointed
empowered
The
were Thomas Humphrey of Sagadahock, and Rob-
Gammon
Capt.
officer
to
legally published, to take the ac-
hold " a commissioners' court," for
Hutch. Hist. p. 292. had been the agent, and was then an assistant. Davy was six Callicot had been a deputy to the General years afterwards an assistant. Court from Falmouth and Scarborough, in 1669, and for Saco in 1672. Gardiner was a worthy landholder, and lived at Pemaquid. 1
f Clark
officers.
THE HISTORY
444 A. D. 1674. trying
inal
I«
without a jury, small causes of £10, and to fine for crim-
misdemeanors 10s, or award ten
or any
IT 01 "
according to law,
stripes,
There were
General Court.
special order of the
the plantations last mentioned, four intelligent clerks of the writs, and eight grand
whom, and
to
men
also, in
appointed
jurymen* designated
the civil officers, were administered the
all
;
—
to
quali-
fying oaths.
In organizing the militia, the court formed five trainbands, viz.
Militia.
Sagadahock, Pemaquid, Damariscove, Cape Newagen, and
at
Monhegan
;
but appointed over them no officers of higher grade
than sergeants and corporals
Sagadahock, which seems of Capt. Patteshall
to
except two companies, the one at
;
at
Pemaquid, which was placed
under Capt. Gardiner, who was likewise "
" and regulation of
all
command
have been put under the
and the one
;
to
have the command
the military forces and
throughout
affairs
" the county."
A reportf
Commis-^ "
pon.
tive
of these regulations and appointments, the legisla-
commissioners
certified
which being presented
was confirmed
;
County Court
some place
of the at
1674,"
27,
General Court the same month,
they receiving a return of thanks, and suitable
remuneration for their services. j^. Term
May
"at Pemaquid,
to the
to be
The
Legislature then ordered a
holden annually, on the 3d Tuesday of July,
in the county,
probably at Pemaquid
Humphrey Davy, Thomas Lake,
Richard
appointed
;
Callicot,
Thomas
Gardiner, and George Mountjoy, special commissioners, to hold the ensuing term
"
at
;
and directed the constables
and plantations, and Taxes.
to call together,
convenient times," the inhabitants of their respective towns 4
At tne ^ u ty term
read to them the colony laws.'J
>
tne
County Court, holden by the
special
commissioners, levied and apportioned a tax of £20, to defray court charges," and to pay for " law books, constables' staves,"
and other public expenses.
adahock
£4, 10s;
to
It
was apportioned thus
Monhegan £5, 10s;
to
—
to
Sag-
Cape Newagen
* The jurors were Robert Edmunds and Ambrose Hantcell of Sagadahock; John TViford, Elias Tricky and John Prior, of Damariscove George Bickford and Reynold Keller/ of Monhegan and John Cole of ;
;
Pemaquid. | 4 Mass. Rec. I
4
Mass. Rec.
p.
3-12-13.
p. 16.
—This brought Henry Joscelyn
(like
Wheelwright,
at another time and place) within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.
Chap,
of maine.
xvi.]
£3, 10s
;
to
£5
Damariscove and Hippocrass*
The
aquidf £2.
each place were required
money, and pay
nally, the court licensed
and the constables directed
;"
some
Pern-
to
A. D. 1674.
grand jurors of
same, " on the persons
to assess the
it
and
;
and
commissioners,
local
and estates of the inhabitants collect the
445
over to the county treasurer.
each of the
suitable persons in
to
Fifive
places just mentioned "to keep a house of public entertainment,"
be provided with necessary lodgings, and
ing
;
" wine, beer and
year ensuing according to law."J
liquors, for the
To
retail
mention one probate case as a specimen of legal proceed-
—
was granted by the Court,
administration
George Bar-
to
net of Monhegan, upon the estate of John Waller, a seaman, resi-
dent alternately
dead
at that
The
five years.
place and Damariscove,
who had been sum
administrator gave bond in the penal
of £50, with Richard Oliver as surety, obliging him to present an inventory at the next term, and to dispose of the property to
whom
" by law and the clearest testimony,"
But
these transactions,
belonged.
it
which exhibit somewhat minutely the
Penre w tll L utth ;
interesting
closed,
when news
arrived of a treaty of peace between
By
and Holland, signed Feb. 9th. that the province of
To
New-York was
its
sixth article,
it
some might
York took from
call the
the king a
new
*
-
England
fully restored to the
English.
present surrender, the
patent, dated
tllc
appeared
avoid henceforward the effects of a constructive cession
the crown, which
of
were scarcely
policy and prudentials of early times,
to
Duke
June 22d, 1674,
"^ s new ^a '
t
comprising diately,
all
the territories
embraced
Governor of both provinces,
Imme-
of 1664.§
Edmund Andros, New-York and Sagadahock, who
assumed the reins of government
At
in that
James, the Duke, commissioned Sir
this period, the
in
Andros,
£ overnor
-
October. ||
country upon the seaboard between Piscat-
aqua and Penobscot, was in a flourishing
M. Denys
state. IT
his history published ten years before, says,
'
the
in
M
t
Denvs
>
J
French have a
r e«" 1
fort
on the east side of the Penobscot bay
* Originally, « Hypocrite." X II
1
4 Mass. Rec. Smith's N. Y. 1
p. 15-16. p.
Hutch. Hist.
32.—-Chalmers,
p. 292.
;
and on the other
f §
Now
Bristol.
Trumbull's Conn.
p. 531..— 39 Uo. Hist.
p.
349.
p. 326..
marks.
446 A.D.
THE HISTORY 1G74.
[VoL.
'hand the English are settled in great numbers, and have' " large country cleared and under improvement."* Joscelyn, remarking upon the eastern plantations, in bis
"a
Voy~
observes, that " Black-point contains
ages, published this year,
" about 50
I.
and
dwellinghouses,
" have a great number of
"
a magazine."
The
people
neat cattle and horses, 7 or 800
" sheep, a corn-mill, much arable land, and large marshes both "
Falmouth, a town on Casco bay, he says,
and fresh."
salt
il
stored with cattle and
is
" stages for fishermen." 4
is >
'
sheep, has a corn
Sagadahock
houses and stages along shore, or cabins
'
in the fisheries'
" Scotia
is
—And
the country " from
Duke of
called the
York's Province.
Metinicus,
Monhegan,
" Smith
fished
whales, and Muscongus,
" dwellinghouses and stages
"
cattle, arable
those
for
for
employed
Sagadahock
" quid,
for
and
and corn-lands, and has many scattered
stored with cattle
*
:
mill or two,
further eastward,' he adds,
Nova
to
Here Pema-
Cape Newagen, where Capt. fishermen,
are
all
filled
with
and have plenty of
lands and marshes. "f
Massachusetts, highly gratified with these appearances, con*
Courts.
tinued a regular and tranquil administration of justice shire in
and Devonshire, holding from year
to year,
one by an Assistant and the Associates, and
remote, by
five resident
commissioners. J
the country, especially the
Dordering French, In the
first
Gorges
filled
Duke and
place, therefore, to put the
for^
York-
County Courts,
in the other,
more
the claimants of
Gorges, and no less the
her with extreme and perpetual anxiety.
clamors and complaints of
to silence, she instructed her agent
him £500,
Still
in
in
England, to offer
an acquittance of his Province.
But the
late
peace had probably enhanced its value, for the agent stated to the General Court that " Gorges and others were in the clouds,
" and ^expected as much by the year,
Added
A. D. 1675.
King jp's
Phil-
war.
Vvar,7
to these perplexities,
which broke out
* Mass. Letter Book, p.
in
p.
in interest."
were the calamities of an Indian
1675, between King; Philip of Narra-
101.— 2
Vols, of
Dcnys'.— 6 Charlevoix, N. F.
407-9. 200-5. \ Joscelyn $ Voyages, p. | 4
JJass. Rec. p. 23-28.
— His account ends
— Because Devonshire was
in 1673.
remote^ the business
small and the travelling precarious, the General Court ordered that " the
County Court he holden by such men of worth as might be commissioned,, though neither be an Assistant."
——
— Chap.
447
of Maine.
xvi.J
This caused
ganset and the United Colonies.
official
report was favorable
by returns of the
for
;
an enquiry into
means of defence.
the strength of the country, and the efficient
The
Yorkshire regiment, and the estimation
in the
—
soldiery in Devonshire,
we have
these results
A» D. 1675. Eastern goU
militia diery.
of the effective
:
180
Kittery contained
soldiers,
80
York,
80
Wells* and Cape Porpoise,
Saco and Winter Harbor,
100
Black-point and Blue-point,
100
Casco-bay, or Falmouth,
80
Sagadahock westward,
80
Devonshire,
700f 150
Residue of the Duke's patent,
150{ 1,000
From
these data,
ulation
it
may be
safely estimated, that the white pop- Pepuiation.
between Piscataqua and Penobscot, must,
have been 5 or 6,000
The war
at this
period,
souls.
soon involved Massachusetts
in
heavy expenses
for,
;
according to the terms upon which New-Hampshire, and the two
Eastern Counties submitted to her jurisdiction, neither was obliged bear any part of the public charges, nor pay any other taxes
to
than those of their
emergency
—
own
Nevertheless, in the present
counties.
in the extremities
of a general defence, the delega-
from Yorkshire, influenced by motives of public policy and
tion
justice,
were content
to
have the inhabitants of their county as-
* Before 1G33, there were in Wells, 100 families. f
Chalmers,
and 16,000 able 1
Trumbull,
507.— In
p.
to
bear arms.
—The
were
militia
Oldmixon,
New- England,
p.
6L
120,000 souls
;
of Connecticut, 2,070 men.
—
dahock, in 1676, 150,000.-1 Hutch. Hist.
There were as many as 156 families between that river and St. Georges' owned" by the people there. Sylvanus t
sistants, 1675.
in
But the preceding- estimate of population, is quite were in Massachusetts, New-Hampshire, Maine, and Saga-
p. 340.
too low, for there
1673, there
p.
484.
east of
Sagadahock, in 1675
river,
'
near
;
and
100 fishing vessels
Davis'' statement to the
Mass. As-
—John Joscelyn says, there were at Black-point, in 1671, " 50
dwellinghouses," and Mr. Willis calculates there might be, in 1675, 400 inhabitants in Falmouth.
Taxalion
f
THE HISTORY
448
The whole sum was
large,
and hence, the General Court
directed the selectmen of the several towns,
the treasurer,
money
country rates ;" and cause the
raised in Yorkshire,
Happy
This was the
first
It
be collected and paid
to
general tax which the inhabitants of Maine
.
setts.
interests
To
protect them, and their
respected
;
was now
favor their wishes, Massachusetts
under a fourfold obligation, namely, allegiance,
other ever
more
Nor was
justly
implicit
unshaken confidence
and worthily reposed.
;
and
it
always as ready A. D. 1676.
Duke
of
Monmouth.
But
must be acknowledged, to aid
Among
an-
effect, in
was prac-
it
that Massachusetts
was
and govern.
to tax
country caused Massachusetts
this eastern
anxieties.
and protect, as
in
Their rights were
both the counties of York and Devonshire, so long as ticable
laid
fidelity, friendship
was administered with constancy and
justice
total,
was £157, 10s.*
ever paid into the colonial treasury.
and public taxes.
sum
understood, that the
is
Maine and
and
by warrants from
immediately, according to law " nine
assess
to
into the public treasury.
union of
I.
proportion of the expenses, incurred by the
A, D. 1675. sessed with a fair
war.
[VoL.
many and
great
her foes were malevolent accusers as well as
A year
_
avaricious complainants.
or too
was a pro-
since, there
ject started to aliene unto the crown, the whole country from the
Merrimack
to the
Penobscot
royal Province for the
Duke
in
;
of
prospect of erecting
from
infatuated with the probabilities of deriving
into a
it
So much was he
Monmouth.
this
source an
annual revenue of £5,000, that the most positive facts to the contrary, fully adduced, were hardly sufficient to dissuade
him
from pursuing the deceptive phantom. Claims of r
S
i
Ma s?n re Vlved>
"d
Gorges and Mason,
in
the
of their
prosecution
complaints
against Massachusetts, had at length so far succeeded as to pur-
suade his Majesty to send copies of the charges to her, and to
The
require the appearance of agents in her defence. * 4 Jlass. Rec. p. 42.
Maine £17,
10
;
—A
single tax in Massachusetts
of which each taxable poll paid
12d.
overlayings in Massachusetts was apportioned thus
bearer
was £l,500, in
—The
tax with the
:
£ 613,
paid
Suffolk,
16 towns,
Essex,
17
«
"
474, 10, 11
Middlesex,
16
«
"
465,
f Hutch. Coll.
p.
451—472.
8,
6
£l, 553, 6, 4 j£ 13 > 979 > 17 > 0
Total,
Nine country rates would amount to In Maine £17, 10, multiplied by 9=£l57,
6s. lid.
10s. total,
Chap,
of maine.
xvi.]
449
was Edward Randolph, a kinsman of Mason, and a man of address, activity
and information
—noted
friends and foes
were
unvarnished preju-
for his
and severe animadversions, on
dices
make
to
enqui-
of the country, and report to them a
the condition
into
his
Another part of the errand
at variance.
which he received from the Lords of trade, was, ries
where
occasions,
all
a. D. 1676.
statement of facts. After his arrival, June 10, he passed six weeks in .
,
.
.
,
England, delayed not
to
make
cept Massachusetts,
I
.
In this he observes,
"•desirous of submitting to a general Governor."
1
if
we
ex-
'Several of
the principal inhabitants, particularly in the latter Province,
'
to
1
their
with bitter complaints,
me
and entreated
condition to his Majesty
in
Some
1665.
came
to represent
expecting relief as
-ardently
'promised by the Commissioners, 4
por t.
" found the colonies including Maine very
'
me
Randolph's and re*
visit
.
and returning to
;
a detailed report to his employers,
especially to the board of trade. 1
and
visits
,
.
.
enquiries at Boston, and in tins eastern region
said they
had
had been quite ruined, by the In-
greatly suffered and others
only because they had in those days expressed their duty
1
dietns,
'
to
1
and the Duke's Province, were holding/ he
'
respondence with their French neighbors
4
ment of Massachusetts was
«
them."*
The
Majesty.
his
inhabitants
of New-Hampshire, said, ;
'
Maine
a friendly cor-
while the govern-
entertaining a perfect hatred towards
In a memorial to his Majesty, sent by their
agents, William Memorial
Stoughton, Lieutenant Governor, and Peter Bulkley, speaker of duetts*© the House,
who embarked
Court represented a year in
all
—
for
England, Oct. 30, the General
that the colony
had been involved more than
the privations and calamities of an Indian
though the heathen were beaten
in the
vicinity,
and
war
leader slain, they had sprung up in the eastern country, lignant
and desperate
in
consequence of defeat
ony government was unhappily required, to maintain
who were
a
title
to the
at
;
;
that
their great
more ma-
and that the col-
one and the same time,
Provinces, to defend the inhabitants,
constantly praying for succour, and to
dispute, with a
bloody and barbarous enemy, the possession of these dismal deserts. '
we
1
We may
be highly charged, said the General Court, but
appeal to the great Searcher of hearts, that no wrong to *
Vol.
I.
Hutch. Coll.
44
p.
508.
the king
*
[Vol-
THE history
450 A- D. 1676.
profit to ourselves is sought.
other motives actuate us
is
*
charter rights, and a strong sense of justice, duty and compassion towards the inhabitants, so distracted with dissensions
which have moved us
By
to receive
events was to be passed
and Mason
in
charter, in
;
in
;
by Neal, agent
1634,
which scarcely outlived General Court,
'
their departure
;
yet' " if a
;
in
—and
may
though the country
value or advantage to us
" and release "
all
to conclude, said the
never be of any great
sum of money
their interest in these
to a final close,
sub-
eastern parts,
you may do as
discretion
deter
will will
resign
and bring shall
die-
tate."
^
decision
Gorges
government
the
" the claimants from further persecution, and they " the matter
the abanto
1665, when
quiet, in
changes
effected
all
under the Massachusetts'
and
their prosperity
commissioners
—
favor.'*
whole chain of
agents, the
review before his Majesty
their cheerful submission
1652; and
the king's
bosom of
to the
the melancholy condition of the inhabitants in
;
sequent years
i
them
the instructions given to the
donment of the Provinces,
A
Quite
a sacred regard to our
these are
:
1
Herinstrucagents!
—no —
proprietors
*
'
ier
intended,
«
i.
byibekjng to
near ^ n § s00n
them and
tne arrival of the
a ft er
their antagonists, before
in council.
agents
was granted
committee of the privy
a .
council, consisting of
bench and tions.
Common
the
Lords Chief Justices of the King's
Pleas, and the
—Having examined
all
the
Lords of trade and planta-
charters,
and other evidences
adduced, they decided, " that they could give no opinion, as to
" the right of soil in the provinces of New-Hampshire and Maine, " not having the proper parties before them ; it appearing that " not the Massachusetts colony, but probably the ter-tenants, had " the right of soil and whole benefit thereof, yet they were not " summoned to defend their cision or report
Though
all
titles
the claims of
rightful
to soil
it
did not determine
"to the
heirs of Sir
and government."!
It
left
p. 286.
f
1
|
Hubbard's N. E.
p.
—
1
613.
Belknap's N. H.
who
the future dis-
Ferdinando Gorges,
however evidently gave
* 4 Mass. Kec.
Hutch. Hist.
equivocal de-
Massachusetts to Maine, were ap-
owner of the Province, but
cussion of that question
" both as
this
was confirmed by the crown.
parently extinguished by this decision,
was the
— —and
:"f
p. 137.
—
— Chap,
xvi.]
—
—
of Maine.
45 \
much broader and
the ter-tenants or possessors, a
of the fee, than his grandson, the
stronger hold A, D.
present claimant,
1676.
could have
anticipated or apprehended.
To
avoid further controversy and trouble, Massachusetts
resolved to purchase of Gorges,
then
in
England,
awaiting the result of any ship
negotiate
to
the
;
May
1677,{
6th,
The
sterling.
for
owner-
Gorges
treaty with
soon effected a purchase and took
it,
the Province,
£1,250
in
an assignment of
which he gave the proprietor
was of great
instrument, which
length,
described the parties, expressed the consideration, and gave the
and boundaries, as
limits
Ferdinando. "
It in fact
set forth in
the
original charter to
transferred the territories with
"
all
Sir
roy-
admiral and military
alties, jurisdictions, ecclesiastical, civil,
;
" the privileges, governments and liberties, granted to Sir Ferdi" nando Gorges by charter, the 3d day of April, in the 15th year
"of
Charles I." A. D. 1639.
Gorges the grantor covenanted,
" that the said Usher should stand seized of an absolute, per-
"
feet,
" tine
and independent
;"
—
'
excepting
1
by the
one is villa o e pact collections of wigwams upon the river§ St. John ;
—
|
«
the village at Meductic-point, just above the confluence of the
main
and Eel stream,
river
Here
monument. usual
residence
called
6
six
leagues eastward of the eastern
40 wigwams, a chapel, and
are 35 or
of an officiating
Indian Village ,'
catholic
on the east side of the
is
higher, near the "
Little Falls," and
Madawaska.
wholly within
eral leagues
It is
westwardly of the
British Provinces.
There
ern
bank
had
a slight fortification,
priest.
is
river,
opposite to the
this State,
line,
The
—being
the
other,
100 miles
mouth of
situated
sev-
which divides Maine from the
an occasional lodgment on the east-
fronting Fredericton
;
and
it
said,
is
the tribe have
50 or 60 miles above the mouth of the
river. ||
The
who have been
natives,
preceding pages, are the only
Maine
has
Nova
Scotia,
an
the subject of observation in the
tribes,
with which our History of
But
immediate concern.
necessarily interspersed
;
it
in
may
the
sketches
Morse Marechites, Pinkerton's Geog. French name. \ 1 Holmes' A. Ann. p. 140. to Fredericton, the distance 0 From the mouth of the river St. John 62 miles ;— to Meductic-point 125 miles ;— to the Great Falls 188 miles, * Melecites, Jeffreys,
of
be expected that
;
f The
||
Brit,
Dom.
p.
256,
is
—
—
A. d.
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
478
I.
of the natives in that ancient ProviGi5,some account will be given °
to 1675.
.
ince.
These, according
Mickmaks.
Hontan, Sargeant, Pinkerton, and other
to la
Mickmaks ;* but Purchas, d'Laet^
writers, are collectively called
Palairet,
Oldmixon, Moll and Barton, have given them the name
They
of Souriquois.f the bay of
inhabited the great peninsula, south of
Fundy, and the neighboring
perhaps the eastern shores to Gaspe.
numerous people, divided tive
The
Sagamores.
islands, the
isthmus, and
Originally they were a very
into several tribes, with their respec-
country, however, between Gaspe, and the
some have supposed, was once inhabby a nation called the " Mountaineers ."J The Mickmaks were a people quite distinct and different from
region of the Marechites, ited
the Etechemin tribes in disposition,
more
less intelligent
;
free *
—
in
stature larger, with coarser features ;
in
mind,
less valiant
Mickmak it,
agating
When
dialect '
;
and
speaking a language so dissimilar, as to render
conversation with each other impracticable.
ed with '
;
cruel and brutish
was known
in
4
Yet,
if
the
Europe,' said one well acquaint-
seminaries would be erected for the purpose of prop-
it.'§
the Europeans
first
Newfoundland, they found
visited
the natives extremely barbarous, unacquainted with cookery, and
bread made of Indian corn, and
maks, were a
single grade higher
summer, only
clad in
Those on the main,
habiliments of primitive Eden.|| ;
who,
if
ers
j
a scourge of
the
uncommon dread
Provincial rulers found
it
—
in the
Mick-
not concerned in the
three Indian wars, were extremely hostile and savage
whom
the
in
first
the oth-
the merciless destroyers
;
of the greatest importance
by presents and by treaty. Wild and wander from place to place in all the abject-
to tranquillize or restrain
indolent, " they
still
'Every exertion
"ness of deplorable stupidity." «
to
their condition, has diminished their remains of energy, * " Mickmacks.'' f Souriquois
is
the
improve
and
dis-
Manach.
French name.
— 5 Charlevoix,
p.
291.
on the northerly side of the gulf of \ There were certainly Mountaineers the St. Lawrence whose language had an affinity to the Skoffie in the same region. Many, since the arrival of the Europeans, have gone to " the less ;
frequented wilds of Labrador and Canada."—3 Coll.
M.
Hist. Soc. p.
15-33. $
10 Coll.
M.
Hist. Soc. p. 115-16.
|)
Oldmixon,
p.
15.— Moll,
p. 256.
Chap,
of maine.
xviii.]
479
1
posed them to expect by alms and begging, what they ought
'
obtain
by common
some degree, checked wise
and
1760, 3,000
in
;
in
other-
than benefit.*
evil rather
They
souls. f
hate the Etechemins
or no intercourse with them.
little
They have
noted villages, perhaps Sagamores,
La Heve, Cape
Isle St. Johns,
Sable, Minas,
at
Cape Breton,
Mickmak
Chignectou, Poic-
They, or the Mountaineers, have several
and Jediack.
vil-
upon the bank and branches of the Merimachi, which empbay of
ties into the
which
is
that
40 miles from
a chapel
40
One, called " Burnt
name.
its
settlers
Church"
mouth, exhibits several wigwams, and walls of which
feet square, the
Here
rocks, laid in lime mortar.
are constructed
the natives and the
of
French
convene and worship, under the pastoral care of a cathoIndian
lic priest.
Town
is
upon the north-west branch
situated
of the same river, sixty miles higher.
of a considerable tribe
numerous,
as
drunkenness
to
to A. D^16I5,
Mickmaks have been numerous. It is had fifteen chiefs, as many tribes, as many
they originally
and have
split
have,
priests
race of
entire
villages,
lages
their propensity
have been productive of
The
tbu,
catholic
endeavors, to bring them into a civilized state and regular
all
habits,
said,
The
industry.'
northward
at
in these
It is
the present time,
as the Tarratines.
a small village at " Indian
is
the principal village
eastern parts, represented to
of Restigouche bay, where there
is
framed house, the residence of the
priest.
Point" above in
and a
the midst of
surrounded with a productive
a Scotch settlement,
the head
a chapel with a bell, It is
soil,
some
They have
patches of which are cultivated by the natives.
be
Farther
a
Sagamore and receive supplies from an Indian trader among them,
who
procures his goods from Quebec.
Before
we
close this chapter,
view of the native population ficiency of materials, to perspicuity
pected, than *
which
in
of
is
and correctness:
some analogous
Summ.
important to take a general ;
—
difficult
a subject,
through a de-
management, both as
Nor can any calculations
Lockwood's New-Brunswick, Douglass, in
it is
Maine
thing
more be ex-
and probable
results.
p. 7.
Mickmaks in 1747, « had not But Mr. Manach, a French missionary, well acquainted with them, says there were 3,000 souls in 1760. 10 Coll. \
more than 350
1
fighting
p. 183,
thought the
men."
—
Mass. Hist. Soc.
p.
115
:— And
2 Pinlcertori's
there were 3C0 fighters east of Halifax.
Geog.
p.
623, says, in 1800
Population 8 na " Jj^Jj
9
THE HISTORY
80 .
D. 1615,
The
period to which our statements
[Vol.
'
I.
commences im-
will relate,
mediately prior to the war of the tribes, A. D. 1615
—
17, which
was succeeded by the sweeping epidemic, previously mentioned.
Except the
Maine,
tribes in
the
all
New-England
others in
before described, have been classed into six clans or nations, their allies,
branches and dependencies
and the number of accounts
the
to
men
they could bring into
—
Their names
included.
according
battle,
Gookin,* Prince, f Hubbard, J and otber
of
early and correct annalists, are thus transmitted to us
—
in
in ConPequod warriors were 4,000, and the Mohegan, Plymouth colony, those of the Pawkunnawkutts, were
in
Rhode
:
necticut,, the
3,000
;
3,000
;
Island, those of the Narragansetts,
Massachusetts, the
in
bowmen
the " Massachuses," were 3,000
called
shire, those of the
were 5,000
;
and
New-Hamp-
in
Penacooks and Pentuckets, were 3,000
the whole 21,000 warriors. §
If
we
them
allow three of
souls, agreeably to the fact ascertained in the
exclusive
;
—
in
ten
Powhatan Confed-
the Indian population
of Maine, would have been
;
to
eracy by actual enumeration, as stated by Mr. Jefferson, other Virginian writers
j
belonging to the ancient people
of
70,000
||
and
New-England
Some
souls.
* Daniel Gookin removed from Virginia to Massachusetts, about 1644, was an Assistant and Major-General, under the colony charter, and a superintendant " of all the Indians," and knew more about them than all the other magistrates. He died in 1687.— Eliot's Biog. Die. p. 220.
Thomas Prince of Middleborough, was a graduate of Harv. Col. 1707, an ordained minister of Old South Church, Boston, 1718, and annalist of -\
New-England Chronology \
to
A. D. 1633.
William Hubbard was a graduate of Harv. Col. 1642, minister of
Ips--
wich, and historian of New-England, A. D. 1682. \
GooJcin.—l
N. E.
p.
20,000,in
Coll.
449-50.
Mass. Hist. Soc.
— Trumbull,
p.
40,
p.
Connecticut.— Hoi. A. An.
H This may be thought
to
141-229.— Prince^
— He thinks p. 418.
A. D. 1820
/
US. —Hubbard'
Jefferson's Notes,
more than Query xu
be a disproportionate estimate. For the number
of able-bodied effective men, between 18 militia,
||
p.
there were not
when compared with
and
45,
the census,
in
New-England
1
the
was only
as one to ten.
Yet many can bear arms before 18 and after 45 years old and numbersare exempt who could do militar}' duty. Not half who might bear arms, are in the train bands. So, in dooming taxes [upon towns, the number of ratable polls between 16 and 70, has been estimated as one to five of all the souls in a town at the preceding census: one to four would be more ;
y
correct.
— Chap,
J 2
of Maine.
xviii.]
suppose
it
481
might originally have been nearly equal to that of the A.D^
1615
t0lG 5 '
'
English, in 1675.* .
involved
|
many
It
was covered with
conjecture.
in
0f the tribes in
-r
.
It
is
true, Maine
square miles, as the residue of
good,
Its soil is
climate healthful.
.
deeper
still
that this State contains as
New-England.
j
iii
j
.
is
natives originally in Maine, A view
number of
In estimating the whole the calculator
waste grounds few, and
its
has also long rivers
a heavy forest
;
—
a
wide
its
and
amplest means
the
affording
seacoast,
when
of savage livelihood and support, and exhibiting
first
dis-
covered and visited by Europeans, a people overspreading the Nevertheless, the rivers, upon which the tribes were set-
land.
were too widely separated from each
tled,
tive of a
dense population
nor were the
;
other,
genial to the propagation of the Aborigines, as in the erly parts of
The few
more south-
New-England. which history contributes,
facts,
may
Maine,
tribes in
be promo-
to
and climate so con-
soil
some
reflect
in
relation
upon the
light
to
the
No
subject.
people ever defended their native country with more valor and obstinacy, than the Sokokis did theirs, especially in Lovwell's war. sokokis.
A
number of them,
relinquishing the
English
for the ranks of the
guished themselves
among
at
the
French
interest,
the bravest soldiers.
distin-
Afterwards, they
men
could muster only about a dozen fighting
1744,
in
seige of Louisbourg,
;
and before the
capture of Quebec, the tribe was extinct.f
The the
Jlnasagunticooks,
war of the
1744, had 160
in
revolution
c
made
*
gin their principal home.'
commenced,
the shores, the ponds, and the
of Louisbourg
;
the chief of this tribe.
and
many
at
:
and when
young Indian of Cape the
age of 14,
1
in
the
and abiding among the natives, became
He
was an Indian of some education,
p. 31.
— Yet in
were
in
New-England about
Mass. Letter
Book
100,000 whites.
—
1676 there were estimated to be in Massachusetts,
New-Hampshire and Maine, 150,000.— Hutch. f
enters
years instrumental in preventing their utter extinction.
* la A. D. 1696, there
Holmes,
fi
about 40 of the tribe
Islands of the Androscog-
Philip Will, a
Cod, was taken captive by the French siege
4
p.
114— 15.— 1
Coll. p.
484.— Quere?
Doug-, p. 185.
p. 266.— Sull. p. 263.— Philip Will was brought up in Mr. Crocker, where he was taught to read and write the English language and to cypher. He was in height 6 feet 3 inches and
J2 Hutch. Hist.
the family of
well proportioned.
Vol.
I.
MS.
Letter of A.
*°
G. Chandler, Esq.
.
,ic » oks -
— THE HISTORY
482 None
A. D. 1^15, Canibas
;
the Indian wars
all
in
;
bold
which they
numbers than any other
sustained probably a greater loss of
tribe.
of their decline, they deeply lamented their cruel fate
30 warriors; and,
having, in 1764, only
The Wawenocks
Wawen*
They were
than the Canibas.
soil,
and brave fighters through
ocks.
I.
of the Abenaques tribes, however, were more strongly
attacne d to their native
Aware
[V OL.
made any
never
1795,
in
or seven
six
figure after their ruinous
Their force was then broken, and more
war with the Tarratines.
than fifteen years, before the French war, in 1753
—
4, they were drawn away by the French, to the river Perante in Canada, where they settled a village which they called by their own name ;
and so considerably united was to bring into
war about 40
their tribe, as to
fighting
men.f
be able,
1749,
in
Charlevoix says,
1
the
Indians of the St. Franpois, uniting the Anasagunticooks and
*
Wawenocks 3 were
4
the
*
neighborhood.'
The Etechemins,
Etechemins.
a colony of the Abenaques,
New-England,
eastern parts of
'
never having been so
still
much wasted by war,
decline
their
well acquainted with
them
in
and ultimate
maining population
former years, affirm that
820, amounted only to
in 1
390 Tarratines
;J
Persons
destiny.
they could collectively turn out 1,500 fighting men.
to say,
how-
inhabitants of their native country, humbled,
ever, in view of
is
of French
and always larger than the Abenaques
disease and dissipation,
people, are
removed from
sake
the
for
1
in
1756,
Their re-
,235 souls, that
379 Openangos;§ and 466 Mare-
chites.||
All the preceding circumstances,
wars
in
combined with the wasting
which the Abenaques were repeatedly engaged
;
the
forces of the Etechemins, whereby they were originally able
keep the western and
their enduring existence
conduce
ly
to
Abergineans
tribes of the
by
at least
the
p. 399.— 1 Doug. p. 185. among them were 86 hunters 91 under
That
§
5 Coll. JWass. Hist. Soc. p. 21
is,
;
only 30, in 1764. IT
The
ancient
one half of that
* 17 Mass. Rec. J
small-pox spread
and awe
f
population
in the
1
except one or two who had
of
residue of
Douglass,
p. 101.
ten years, and 36 camps.
1.— Fighters incorrectly supposed to be Pinkerton's Geog. p. 627. Piscataqua, A. D. 1633, « when all the Indians ||
to
to ;1T
tribes, to the present time, united-
the inference, that
Maine must have been
fear
in
it,
died."
Winthrop's Journal,
p. 69.
f
Chap,
of Maine.
xviii.]
New-England.
For
the
numbers of the Abenaques warriors
were probably equal or superior viz.
5,000
—
in
*
the
in
population of Maine, A.
—an
By
11,000.*
all
to ten souls, as
allowing, then, three
Powhatan confederacy, the
D. 1615, must have been 36
Sokokis
... ...
Anasagunticooks Canibas
Wawenocks
-
-
or
37,000
;
900 warrior* "
1,500 1,500
-
-
-
1,100
6,000
Etechemins thus—
Tarratines
Openangos Marechites
-
2,400
-
-
-
1,400
2,200
-
6,000
Total 11,000.
But one account, (9 from Massachusetts
Coll. Mass. Hist. p. 234,) supposes the eastern Indians to
Canso, in 1690, only 4,310 souls
;— an
estimate
ifestly too low.
f Also there
were Indians
DM615,
at Agamenticus, Casco,
and Machias.
,
amount of Indian pop-
of«Jj*jj«
original
estimation probably not very wide of the truth.
The Abenaques estimated thus—
A.
of the Narragansetts, Who
to those
and the Etechemin warriors, must now have been
;
about 6,000;
them
483
man-
'»
*
THE HISTORY
484
CHAPTER
ITql.
I.
XIX.
— Their dress— Character— — — — Habits Wigwams Food- — Society — Females — Dispositions — Marriages Religion and Superstition — Christianity among them — Their Government — The Bashaba — Sagamores and Sachems—
The persons of the natives— Their
senses
— Coalesand Punishments— Susup's Case— The Employments Indians — Hunting — Fishing — Their Canoes — Weapons — Wars — Pris— Their Wampam — Their Feasts — An Entertainment— Their Amusements-^- Manners and Customs — Arts — Music — MedCeremonies of inducting the Tarratine Chiefs into cence of the tribes
— Six Indian
Wars and
office
Treaties
— Crimes
of the
oners
ical
A D
^N
1615
to 1675.
Knowledge
— Dishes of Food— Language.
the subsequent consideration of the natives, their appear-
ance, character, regulations, habits, language, and other peculiar-
our observations
ities,
be confined,
will
in general, to
ques and the Etechemins, with occasional allusions
maks.
The
.
Persons of the Indians,
Indian
is
body
But
jo
easily
every other country.
is
above a middling
size,
his
strong and straight, and his features regular and prominent.
his
broad face, black sparkling eyes, bright olive complex-
ion, ivory-white teeth, black hair, long
countenance an appearance, wild, cross-eyed person, or dwarf,
any of the men corpulent.
is
and lank, often give
fierce
and morose.
not found
discipline
to his
A deformed,
among them
In walking, both sexes
by means of a
feet inwards,
;
nor are
incline their
during infancy, enabling
By
reason of an
unction, with which they anoint their bodies, to avoid
the trouble
them more conveniently of
flies
to traverse the
and vermin, or owing
on the men
in
to
woods.
some other cause, the beards up-
general have no considerable growth.
With senses acute and perceptions quick and
Their senses.
Mick-
from the inhabitant of
distinguishable
His stature
Abena-
the
to the
jg
a j| e y eS)
notice.
a ]}
None
earSj
an(j
a j|
observation
are blind, deaf, or
* Smith,in his History,
p. 17,
dumb
;
j
clear, the Indian
—nothing escapes
and
says they had no beards
the Tarratines have told me, lhe*y pull out their beards
his
impressions of
his
:
— But
when
several of young".
f
Chap,
men
;
xix.]
of Maine.
or places, are coeval with
485
He
life.
will travel
unfrequented 4
'^1615
'
j
forests without
The Mickmaks,
compass or mistake.
wars with the Esquimaux, have been known slender canoes, the gulf of St. Lawrence,
The
cross,
to
in
their
in
their
40 leagues over.*
savage state promotes bodily exercise, inures to hardships,
and preserves from the maladies incident to civilized
Many
live
energies and faculties to the
last.
are sickly or feeble.
ratines,
who
years
and
;
died,
A. D. 1801,
j^JJjJJ
Few
life.
age, possessing their
to a great
Orono, Sagamore of the Tar-
lived to the
advanced age of 113
his wife at the time of her death, the
preceding year,
was aged 100.
The
dress and ornaments of the males and
With
riosity.
females are a cu-
a taste for bright or lively colors, their clothes are
When
gay, often changed in kind, never in fashion.
were
first
visited
were clad
natives
without the fur in
in skins,
Some wore
in winter.
;
the
summer and with
it
mantles of deer-skins, embroidered with
chains of beads, and variously painted
and those of others were
;
woven with threads and
curiously inwrought and
manner
our shores
by de Monts, Gosnold, Smith, and others
The
exhibiting only the plumage.
feathers,
in
a
poorer sort appeared
with nothing more than hard skins about their loins and shoulders
and a few,
in the
warm
seasons,
wore
little
else than the
robe of
nature.
In their present fashions, or forms, they wear a woollen cap, or bonnet, cut diagonally and
made of
a conic
the ears and, terminating behind upon skin, both sexes
down
wear a cotton or a
the third of an
ell
coats of the
over
in front
men, sewed
—
to the
under-shirt, extending
severally begirt about the loins.
at the
folds,
and kept together by a
and reach below the knee is
Next
the neck.
linen
over the short drawers of the one, and
the narrow petticoat of the other
The
shape, enclosing
;
and the
or sides,
belt,
are
lapped
without any buttons,
tunic, or vest
of the
women
pinned before, also their petticoat, though very narrow,
some
lower.
usually sides,
made
The
falls
stockings they both wear, are never knit, but
of blue cloth, sewed with selvedges on the outer
and extend over the knee.
Though
shoes can be con-
* Jeffreys, p. 94. | Oldmixon, p. 15, Wars, (anon.) p. 229.
23, 24.
—H. Trumbull's Indian
Wars,
p.
'91.— Indian
Their dress atldfaslll0nSi
THE HISTORY
486 A.D.
1615,
veniently obtained, they prefer moccasins, and usually
None
I.
wear them.
of the females ever cut a hair from their heads, but club or
cue the whole
whereas the males shave off
;
lock about the crown,*
'
that
it
own language, by the growth The natives are excessively oma'
Their
[Vol.
finery; as
may
of the rest.'f
fond of ornaments, plumes, and
gaudy brightness and beauty could
if
with genuine taste and refinement.
Whatever
Both sexes,
especially the females, adorn
rings
necks with
their
;
with clasps with jewels the men,
women
their
;
—
all
wampam
of the brightest silver.
when appearing
in
their
;
the
arms
their ears
more wealthy,
wear long sashes and the
broad scarfs over their shoulders, covered with brooches
—For
and some have
;
of both sexes
of the ancient caps.
The maidens
colors,
collars
Among
their best,
palm
their fingers with gold
or silver
many
bands
vie for the
glitters, captivates.
bosoms with brooches, or pendants;
of the same precious metal :
except a single
all,
not be starved,' to use their
and
tinsel
or silver hat-
now wear men's in their
hats instead
fondness for brilliant
and plumes which are gay, discover a wild
for ribbons
unripe taste; though by some, the English daughters of fashion
* •f
2 Belk. Biog. p. 102.
Present State of
Nova
Scotia, p. 50.
—John de Laet says,
1
four leagues
north from Kennebeck, following the direction of the coast, there
is a bay bosom a large number of Islands, and near its entrance, one of them is called by the French navigators, the Island of Bacchus, from the great abundance of vines found growing there. The barbarians that inhabit here, are in some respects unlike the other aborigines of NewFrance differing somewhat from them both in language and manners. They shave their heads from the forehead to the crown but suffer their hair to grow on the back side, confining it in knots and interweaving feath-
containing in
its
—
;
ers of various plumage.
formed for
;
want of
signoc.
They
paint their faces red or black
;
are well
and arm themselves with spears, clubs, bows and arrows, which, iron, they point with the tail of a crustaceous creature called
They
cultivate the soil in a different
manner from
that live east of them; planting maize [Indian corn] so that the stalks of the former, to run upon.
Their
fields
answer the purpose of poles
are enclosed.
They
the savages,
and beans together;
plant in
for the vines
May, and harvest
Walnut trees grow here, but inferior to ours. Vines are said by the French, that the grapes gathered in July, make good wine. The natives, also, raise pumpkins and tobacco. They have permanent places of abode their cabins are covered with oak bark, and are defended by palisadoes.' 2 Lib. de Laet, chap, 19. Novus Oain September.
abundant; and
it is
;
—
BIft
—
— Chap,
;
of maine*
xix.]
487
When A tteon
are the enviable patterns of their imitation.*
Neptune were inaugurated
The
—seldom,
silver
;
silks, tinsel
men
wear
their breasts, they
and
their
all
both singular and war-
is
glittering
and sometimes
in their ears
fillets
ever appearing better dressed.
military appearance of the
On
like.
if
medals of copper or
pigment, they paint their faces,
in a variety
make
terrific.
Among Their
All our Indians have a peculiar cast of character.
themselves, every right and possession
is
No
safe.
no
locks,
In trade they are fair and
bars are necessary to guard them.
honest ;f astonished at the crimes which white men commit, to Their lips utter no falsehoods to each accumulate property.
Such
is
If cold,
it.
he
is
hungry, fed with the best the
and ardent
in friendship,
obliterated
from
their
if
an
he
is
an Indian's hospitality, that
unarmed stranger comes among them and asks sure to find
common
done an individual, they make a
cause of resentment.
protection,
warmed if naked, camp affords. They ;
and grateful
memories.
for favors,
Ordinarily
clothed
if
;
are faithful
which are never possessing
men bear
patience and equanimity of mind, the
great
misfortunes with
perfect composure, giving proofs of cheerfulness amidst the most
With a glow of ardor
untoward incidents. fare,
and the good of their country
to the public all
;
all
all
;
for
each other's wel-
offer voluntary
point of honor
their hearts
taunt, or
is
is
every thing
a spark which
even a neglect,
will
in
arouse
is
* "
all
kindles.
the
I'll
shape like theirs
And " And "
He
a being, grave and taciturn.
"
A
my
their
their view,
instantly
and
;
ancestors.
Sensibility
An
in
injury,
a
resentments of their
untutored minds, and urge them on to acts of Indian
services
burn with the sacred flame of patriotism
most heartily celebrate the heroic deeds of
The
fatal
An
revenge.
seldom laughs
;
he
simple dress,
bind like them each jetty tress, for
my dusky brow
will braid
bonnet like an English maid.
—
English Mary.
But they are bad paymasters; being- regardless of their promises. Many who have trusted them, hare sustained total losses of their debts. f
-
With red
of ways, which
their appearance, according to design, truly
Military a P -
P earance
pendant jewels
their noses,
and about their heads, turbans of waving feathers.
other, and the injuries
A. D. 1615,
the Tarratine females were
chiefs,
wearing rich
in their best,
attired
ornaments
and
;
acUT
'
char-
THE HISTORY
488
and when he speaks,
than to talk;
A. D. 1615, rather prefers to hear,
{Vol.
I.
is
it
to 1675.
always
But
to the purpose.
and
;
in
and
when the
agitations subside,
animals of the woods, unused to
like the
and trained
parental restraints,
motives of his
office are not
war or revenge the
Bred,
crisis is past.
always
is
In peace he has no' great stimulus
to exertion, for wealth, learning
ambition
He
darker shades of character are many.
his
strongly inclined to be idle.
to privations
from
their childhood,
they affect never to dread suffering, never exquisitely to feel anguish Their
—never
have sympathies
to
for the
Jealousy, revenge and cruelty, are
dis-
meekest tortured enemy.
attributes of
mind, which
remember
a favor, they
positions.
truly belong
them.
to
If they always
To
never forget an injury. for
evil—to
enemy
suspect the worst
a fallen captive
torture
—and never
to forgive,
seem
—
retaliate
to
evil
—
to
to
be maxims, the correctness
keep no
with an
faith
To
of which, according to their ethics, admits of no question.
them, so sweet
revenge
end of
;
in thought,
that they will
life,
for the
To
hate.
cite
in
fact,
is
successful
go through danger and hardships
sake of effecting their purpose.
no means, are
plans,
and so glorious
left
unessayed
No
to beat or kill the object
two or three instances.
A
butcher,
the
to
arts,
no
they
accidentally
meeting a Tarratine Indian was beat by him unmercifully, because
some previous
at
period, he
had, as the savage said, sold him
John Neptune,
tainted meat.
jury done some
town from day
of his tribe, to day,
in
consequence of a supposed
in-
threatened the wrong-doer at Old-
with certain death.
Another man durst
not be alone long in one place, through fear of being murdered
by
several Tarratines,
who haunted and pursued him
to
avenge
a suspected injury.* ln
Wrongs done
to the
natives.
agreement with the defenders of the natives, however,
it
must be acknowledged, that Weymouth, Harlow, Smith, the master of
Popham's
ship,
and perhaps othersf were aggressors,
kidnapping several of them from their shores
;
that
in
they were
deprived of their lands and privileges by the encroaching settlers
and that many impositions were practised upon them *
The
natives hated Negroes, and generally would kill
them
in
;
barter
as soon as
they were taken captive. f
Ante,
A
D. 1605— 11— 14.— Hubbard's Indian Wars,
18-20.— Prince,
p. 3:J, 40.
p.
2S6.— Smith, p.
— Chap,
But,
and bargains. uals
most or
;
489
of Maine.
xix.]
all
was exclusively
this
attributable
to individ- a. d. 1615,
of the lands occupied by the planters, being
claimed under purchases of the Sagamores, the natives being universally censured, and
kidnapping of
all
the prisoners
gener-
Nor could the ravages^ of the smallof ardent spirits among them, be sins laid to
returned or set free.
ally
pox,* nor yet those
the charge of the English as
made any
On
natives.
a
community
never having
exterminate the
to
when ready
the contrary, they have,
thousand times, received of the
—they
mankind
use of these scourges of
a
perish,
to
settlers, provisions, clothing, fire-
arms, edgetools and other articles of necessity and convenience.
Passions inflamed by revenge, and
women and
become
settled
malice and
render their wars bloody and cruel.
Old men,
often
trifles,
feeble to use a weapon,
children, though too
sometimes barbarously dispatched
were
If a child cried, or an adult
burden, instant death was commonly their portion.
sunk under
his
How many
houses of the unoffending inhabitants have been re-
to ashes
slavery
?
Nay,
?
fearful degree,
how many hundreds if
why
did he
when
the
wreak
why
?
thirst for
or sold into
Canadian
vengeance on slender
his
fe-
revengefully hunt for the precious
war had ceased
Their inordinate
slain,
malignity was not satanical to a
the Indian's
males or sickly infants life,
elties "
and the Indians generally
;
abused or neglected their captives.
duced
Their cru
?
ardent spirits has been attributed to r
_,.
.
Their
... . thirst
#
traverse of the their Lperpetual 1 fresh water
mixed,
till
and unsalted meat.
woods, and
they can swallow no more.
must then be taken from them, Their manner of
wigwams from 20 to 40
best
The The
living
°
and
They
are then to a fright-
to prevent
murder.
The
The „,
meagre and uncomfortable. one story
roofs,
and two thirds the same
by crotched posts
width,
in
thrust into the ground.
;
;
—now
They
are
the entrance into
natives considered the smallpox the greatest evil that ever befell
Vol.
Pres. State of I.
Nova Scotia^ 49
p. 45, 60.
.
Their manin height, ner of living,
were formerly thatched with bark
without glass windows, and without doors
*
un-
3 nd
feet in length,
rdent
Their firearms and knives,
sometimes covered with rough boards and battened.
mankind.
?
m
will take strong liquor
in their villages, are constructed,
plates are supported
sides
is
constant use of for
spirits.
They
degree, violent and mischievous.
ful
their
wig-
warns.
THE HISTORY
490 A. D. 1615,
[Vol.
them being through a narrow opening, which hanging rug,
is
keep out cold and
like a curtain, to
I.
closed by a
Within,
rain.
are platforms on each side next to the walls, or layers of boughs
Here men, women and
upon the ground. ner not unlike a
on his shopboard
tailor
victuals in their fingers
than
;
chimney or hearth
Four
the
all
;
man-
furniture
The movable wigwams converging to a point
fifty
The
inside
cept in the evening
flesh
ground
—they
is
in
;
corn,
maize, and vegetables. their
maize
bread,
into
They smoke and
groundnuts boiled to
in the
ashes
;
is
a circular
boughs
spread with
to
and the
regular meals, ex-
when they have an
changing with the sea-
unfit for food.
In the winter
it
summer and autumn, green But they did not know how to till the Europeans came among
broil their
meats;
and made the water
are far from
their persons or their huts. it is
;
the
by means of stones heated
never know what
area
chimney
are without floor,
they roast their
They pounded
molasses, they sweeten their cakes.
Indians
cabins,
and with the sap of the sugar maple,
their corn in stone mortars,
troughs,
and inclosing
indifferent,
make them.*
to
or sixty degrees at the ground,
They have no
creature they take
in the spring, fish
;
these miserable
take their repast
Their victuals are
No
sons.
;
in
They
thatched with bark.
appetite.
smoke
for the
iron vessels, knives and baskets.
at the vertex,
of 12 or 15 feet in diameter.
is
open
are of a conic form, constructed with
slender poles, making angles of
outside
left
In
without fire-place,
families are frequently tenants of
wooden and
consisting of a few
boil in
wooden
in the fire.
any thing
like cleanliness, either in
Their faces, hands, clothes, vessels,
be washed
abodes are equally offensive Social life
a
with the
Yet, they have nothing like a chair, a mova-
stool, or table
Qr window.
fire is built,
an aperture being
;
a single wigwam.
The
sit in
eat,
here they sleep, with no other bedding
escape through the roof.
is
children,
here they
bear skin underneath, and a few blankets over them.
a
the area between the platforms, the
ble
;
to the
;
and
their
dark and dirty
eye and the nose.
commenced with the primitive human nature. This savage life. All the members of a family,
Society, which
pair,
is
one of
even mani-
the strongest propensities of
is
fest in
are united by
*01dmixon,
p.
15, 23.
— H. Trumbull's Indian
Wars,
p.
91.
;
Chap,
of MAINE.
xix.]
491 hoi- A. D. 1615, 10 1675 *
the strongest attachments, and the individuals of a tribe are i
•
*i
*
i
den together by similar
ties.
women were
If the
in truth
some of them might be are modest and retiring their baskets
The
glish.
and other
as cleanly, as
and
;
all
articles,
seldom violated
is
stitutional foes, as teristic is that
view,
they are to contention
of peacemakers.
mean drudgery,
is
it is
the mother and daughters,
They
culture.
is
repast
is
acter than the
Among thers
labor, in an Indian's
To
assigned the whole business of agri;
The
secure the harvest
much
;
take
But when the the husband or
till
female savage seldom
in fact, she sustains a
if
ever
better general char-
man.
the Etechemins, marriages are negotiated by the fa-
and solemnized,
Capt. Francis says,
'
modern
in
tells his
parents, and they talk with her's
ed, he
sends her a string of
and presents her with a wedding
*
of her parents
4
and the guests then
the young couple feast
and
;
suit. sit
and dance
1
,000 beads,
All meet at the
together all
are pleas-
if all
wampam, perhaps
4
till
that night
purpose of finding a later times,
of matrimonial union,
fit
priest, traverse the
polygamyf
is
not
woods
known among them
to ;
wigwam
married
;
they
and the next
and then the married pair retire.'—Early wedlock
aged, and a couple, in a
priest.
charmed with a squaw, he
is
*
;
by a catholic
times,
an Indian
if
'
*
is,
Con-
performed by the other sex.
plant and hoe the corn
and
;
command
their peculiar charac-
;
As manual
prepared, the wife and children wait
intoxicates
En-
conver-
all
reserved.
care of the fish and game, and do the cookery.
father has finished his meal.
—
presence of her u san-
in
—an usage which renders females
me
talk to
;
quickly chided by him, whose
is
The maids
the better sort prefer to barter
with the females only, of the
continency of wives
op," or husband,
by nature comely,
called secondary beauties.
between one and an Englishman,
sation
4
*
is
encourfor
the
Canada.
In
will,
and divorces,
which are never very frequent, are by mutual consent.
A
sanup has unlimited
known *
to take
1 Coll.
M.
the Indians,
her
life
Hist. Soc. p.
were unwilling
control
over his wife, having been
with impunity.
A
case of the kind oc-
254.— Some of the English who have lived with to leave them.
f Capt. Francis says, before the white people diana have four wives."
came
here, sometimes " In-
THE HISTORY
492 A. D. 1615, l
°
°'
curred in 1775,
when one
in a
and hid her body under the
[VoL.
paroxysm of
I.
squaw
rage, slew his
ice of the Penobscot, without being,
according to report, so, much as questioned for his conduct.
who
Children,
are strangers to the restraints and instructions
of parents, leave them when able to procure a living for them-
The
selves.
^ ne
Religion.
character of a community, formed of such materi-
readily anticipated
als, is
religious
:
—
It
cannot be otherwise than bad. natives are rude and
notions of the
of su-
full
They believe in a Great Spirit, whom the Abenaques Tanto or Tantum, and the Etechemins Sazoos also
perstition.
called
;
immortality of the soul,
the
in
He
dwells, and
west,
where
die.
To
at the
heavenly gates,
shall
live
—and
where
the wicked they suppose
go wander
'
For
here.'
in
the
good men go when they
all
He
—
paradise far
a
in
when they knock
will say,
in endless
misery,
—you never
plenty, victory, or any other great good,
they celebrated feasts with songs and dances, to His praise.
They had
strong faith in an evil
they called " Mojahondo ;" in general
ed
ows*
whose
satanic Majesty
— supposing he possessed
the attributes,
They
revealed of that being, in the Scriptures.
also in tutelar spirits, or
Manniton
spirit,
;
good angels,
whom
and they entertained great veneration
These, uniting
in
one person the two
believ-
they denominated for their
Pow~
offices of priest
and
physician, were supposed to possess almost miraculous powers.
By
m
invocations uttered
charms —by
leaping
strange orisons
;
an unknown tongue
and
dancing through
—they pretended
to
—by the
preternatural fire
—and
by
have converse with occult
oracles and demons, and to receive ambiguous responses like
the
Greeks of Delphos.f
The
Indians told a traditional story, that the Great Spirit creat-
ed one man and one woman
;
and from them proceeded
no knowledge of the Sabbath, nor had they any ings.
'
All days,' Capt. Francis says,
They them by
believed feasts.^
it
dreams,
in
No
garded an old tree loaded
in
Nova
with offerings.
Purcbas,
p.
933—939.
and
1
were
man-
religious
sometimes
commemorated
They
re-
Scotia with pious veneration, and
They p.
meet-
alike to them.'
people are more superstitious.
* Indian Wars, (anonymous) I
all
But, before the arrival of the Europeans, the natives had
kind. J
299.
thought
f
it
the residence of
Oldmixon,
p. 15. $
some
— H. Moll, p. 256.
Jeffreys, p.
81—94.
Chap,
xix.]
of maine.
great or good
After
spirit.
they continued to venerate
its
roots
open by the
laid
sea, a. D; 1615,
so long as a branch remained.
it
Their dead were generally buried Pittston,
493
were
a sitting
in
posture.
In
Burials.
upon the Kennebeck, are two old burying grounds, where
skeletons are found in a posture half erect, the head bending over
human
Relics of
the feet.
bodies have been
discovered in a
tumulus near Ossipee pond, which were originally buried with the face downward.
In these two places, and
others
in
upon the
Kenduskeag, and elsewhere, there have been discovered and ornaments interred,
ments, paints the
departed
manner of enclosed
to
spirits
burials
is
rough
in a
placed
requisites
catholics.
and when interred, a
little
head of the grave, which
at the
he must,
common
buried in the
The
help
The modern The corpse, wooden
if
cruci-
sprinkled with
is
consecrated water, and perfumed with flowers or herbs. ratine dies abroad,
instruto
followed by an irregular procession
coffin, is ;
the
the " country of souls."
borrowed from the
to the burying ground fix is
—
possible, be borne to
If a
Tar-
Old-town and
grave-yard.
female lamentations for the dead are great and sometimes
The
excessive.
arms of
death of a young child, swept away from the
mother, as the two lay sleeping
its
in
a summer's day,
between high and low water mark upon the Penobscot beach,
She
affords a striking instance of savage grief.
and excessive lamentations late
jabber
;
—an hour
burst into loud
and mingled her cries with inarticu-
;
scarcely closing this scene of shrieking and
tears.
was early introduced and subsequently taught,
Christianity
among
the
Abenaques and Etechemin
tribes
by the catholic
missionaries, such as Biard, Masse,* Dreuillettes,f the two Bigots,
Ralle,| and others.
They
and practices of the
natives.
and came
to
an utter end.
ed with endeavors
effected great
to inculcate
* A. D. 1603, at
Mount Desert.
jThe Capuchin
priests
—
\
—
A. B. 1689,
7 Coll.
1
influence
and deepen the moral sense, and
becoming established, are
still
had a trading house and religious chapel at Pen1
ISorridgewock.— See Jeffreys, 103.— 1 Hoi. A. Ann. 344. Soc. p. 245-50. 2d series. Vincent Bigot, was at Peand Jaques Bigot, was at Kennebeck In 1699.
at
;
the views
Charlevoix, p. 435.
Mass. Hist.
nobscot in 1688
in
lost their
Superstitious rites and rituals, blend-
to encourage religious worship,
tagoet in 1646.
changes
The Powows
—
Christianity*
—
[Vol.
THE history
494 a.p
—
1615,
among
extant
to 1675.
remnants of the
the
•
,
•
•
i
But
tribes. .
.
neither
i.
their
•
i
morals, manners, principles or virtues^ nor yet their customs, sen-
any very extensive or
timents or taste, have undergone
provements.
In
these, the Indians are natives
all
real im-
without any
still,
essential change.
meia™*
Among
these eastern tribes, there was a great similarity of
government.
powers of
It
was of the simplest form, which possesses the and coercion. Such were their exalted
restraint
word by which
ideas of liberty, that they had no
meaning of
subject
some
their view,
;
is
Here was
civil
demon.
attribute of a
unknown,
obedience
express our
to
and the character of a master formed In
in
filial
can never be great.
political subordination
freedom and an equality of
where
society,
rights,
though not of
rank.
The greatest aboriginal monarch of the east was entitled the BashabaJ previously mentioned, whose residence was with the '
Wawenoek
tribe.
probably from
St.
Besides his immediate dominions, extending
Georges
Agamenticus, and even
paramount
lord.
to
Kennebeck, the
westward
tribes
acknowledged him
farther,
His overthrow,
in
1615
to
be their
to
or 16, terminated the
royal line and rank.* Sagamore.
Sachem.
At
tne neaa °f ever y "
trate,
whose
—
modern
in
and
felt
peace
;
tr i° e
was a Sagamore,^ or chief magis-
councillors, or wise men,
He
times, captains.
their
were denominated Sachems,
and they knew their influence
In council they directed war and
importance.
they had the oversight of the public dominions
very few established rules, they; according
The government was
ed the punishments of offenders. chal.
The Sagamore,
and next to him, was a sachem of
;
On
secondary grade and influence.
men
great occasions,
ducted with the greatest order
Belk. Biog. p. 351—855.
;
the old
men spake
I
as-
first
and were
wisdom and experi-
— He had many under
him.
the westernmost river of the dominions of Bashebez."
10 Book, chap.
the prin-
These
were uniformly excluded, were con-
especially regarded and venerated, for their 1
all
of the tribe were convened and consulted.
semblies, from which females
*
patriar-
possessing superiority of rank and power,
always presided when present
cipal
and with
;
to discretion, appoint-
The Saco
"
is
Purchas* Pilgrims,
6.
Sounded by the Indians, " Sunk-a-muh,"
— See Statement of Kennebeck Claims,
p. 21.
k'
Sagamore" and " Sachem."
Chap, xix.] ence
and
;
and discussions were managed with the ^'j^1615
their debates
all
decorum and secrecy
greatest
495
of Maine.
when
also,
the occasion required
it.
The
of a Sagamore continues during
office
life.
When
he
near relation, succeed him. party
runs high
spirit often
exhibiting
dies,
some
the tribe manifest a strong predilection to have his son, or
In these designations, or selections, aspirants
the
;
and their supporters
the violence of the competition, manifested in civilize
all
ed communities.
The
three Etechemin tribes have, severally and immemorially,
Sachems, or subordinate
selected their Sagamores and
form of
in is
the candidate,
officers,
when chosen,
not inducted into office, without the presence and assistance of
from each of the other
a delegation
when Francis Joseph Neptune, teon, at Penobscot, were made and the most is
But
a general election.*
among
all
the Marechites,
agree
respective tribes; in saying, that
such
and has always been the
The ceremonies
three of the tribes.
induction, whereof the writer
This was the case
chiefs of their
intelligent credible Indians
the practice
usage among
tribes.
Passamaquoddy, and John Ait-
at
of a single
was an eyewitness, are worthy of
a particular statement.
The
chief, that they could
agree upon a successor.
and deeply concerned
rival candidates,
;
leave the
wife.
the 19th of September, 1816, at Old-town village,
two captains were inducted
To
monies.
men from each
ing dresses,
Early
all in
of the tribes at
They
St.
Saga-
grade and command, and
into office, with
the customary cere-
and 15 or 20 other princiJohn's river and at Passa-
arrived, appearing in neat
and becom-
the Indian fashion.
in the forenoon, the
ing in the great
Captains,
in
assist in these, the chiefs
maquoddy, had previously
*
to
and select John Aitteon, a reputed descendant of
more Aitteon, John Neptune, next
wigwam,
men
of the Tarratine tribe, conven-
called the
camp, seated themselves on
are in modern times called Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and
— names borrowed from the English.
Tarratine
many months j".^^'^
an union, the catholic priesc
when they were induced
Baron de Castine, by an Indian
pal
not for
Perplexed with the long controversy
in effecting
interposed his influence
On
were so sanguine and violent
parties in the Tarratine tribe
after they lost their
office -
'
— THE HISTORY
496 A. T
D -
1615, '
.
Indian
office.
into
being ° clad
door
the former two
;
7
coats of scarlet broadcloth and decorated with silver
in
Upon
brooches, collars, arm-clasps, jewels, and other ornaments. a spread before them, of blue cloth, an four silver medals
;
ell
square, were exhibited
three of which were circular and twice the
size of a dollar, the other
was
larger, in the
form of a crescent.
were emblematically inscribed with curious devices,
All these
and suspended by parti-colored ribbons, a yard ends
I.
Aitteon, Neptune, and
seniority,
the select, captains at the head, near the *
chiefs in-
ducted
the side platform according to
[Vol.
tied.
Aware of gentlemen's wishes
to
in
length, with
be spectators of the
ceremonials, they directed the Indian, acting the part of marshal,
them
to invite
was
itants
1
chiefs,
The
into the
The
camp.
also requested
;
admission of the female vis-
but he replied, as directed by the
never our squaws, nor yours, set with us in council. 9
spectators being seated below the tribe, ;
preceded by their
camp
sat
chief, entered the
down, according
caps and hats,
Four
belts
their
file,
the ceremonies
of
wampam, brought
broadcloth, which enclosed them
heads and
and
Tarra-
laid aside their
were closed.
till
Marechite, were unfolded and placed ;
took and held one of them
rising,
delegation,
Indian
in true
to individual rank, directly before the
These now uncovered
tines.
upon the platform,
the Marechite
or benches, covered with blankets
into in
when in
the
camp by
the area his
a stately
upon a piece of
Sagamore, presently
hands, and addressed
his
Aitteon, from five to ten minutes, in a courtly speech of pure ver-
Three
nacular, laying the belt at his feet.
next
rank, of the
in
same
tribe,
others in rotation, and
addressed, in a similar manner,
the Tarratine candidates of comparative grade
;
—
all
which were
tokens of unchanging friendship and sanctions of perpetual union.
The Sagamore,
then taking the medal nearest Aitteon, addressed
him and
his tribe in
former
in the
;
another speech of the same length as the
course of which he
came
momentary pauses, when the Tarratines guttural sounds, like " aye." their
collectively uttered
deep
These were evident expressions
assent to have Aitteon, Neptune,
their first
three or four times to
of
Francis, and the other,
and second Sagamores, and two senior captains.
The
speaker, closing his remarks, advanced and placed the suspended
medal, as the badge of investiture, about Aitteon's neck,
by which he was formally inducted
into
office
—
the act
and constituted
— Chap.
of maine.
xix.'J
Sagamore
for
by
after beins; shortly addressed
_
.
captains, in their turns, A. D.
the other Marechite actors,
were
.
.
invested by
497
Neptune and the two
life.
them with the ensigns of 7
.
,
office in the _
.
'
..
around a standard, twenty
feet in height, to
tine
was
inducted into office
and from the top of
firing salutes
;
each Tarra-
flag, as
from a well-loaded swivel, near the same place.
Mr. Romaigne, the catholic
priest, attired in a
among
long scarf, having seated himself the ceremonies were
commenced, now
passages from the Scriptures Indian dialect
;
in Latin,
white robe and
the Tarratines, before
rising,
read
appropriate
and expounded them
in the
and next a psalm, which he and the Marechites
chaunted with considerable harmony.
In the midst of the sa-
cred song, the whole of them moved slowly out of the camp,
preceded by the
leaving the Tarratines seated
priest,
'Quoddy
ing a circle in union with the
Indians,
devoutly several minutes, and closed with a "
The
priest then departed to his
ing the camp,
took their seats
house
—
the
place, abreast the sitting spectators, tangible salutations.
;
;
and form*
stood
and sang
Te Deum."
and the Indians enter-
'Quoddy Indians
in
In this form of
civility,
new-made
officers,
their
each of the two
delegations rising in turn, literally embraced, cheek and four
a lower
when they commenced
the
lips,
and shook heartily by the hand,
all
the
others of the tribe.
The
gentlemen,
at the marshal's
be spectators only about the Tarratine females, clad
mented, joined for the
whole formed an they
file
request,
in their best
now withdrew when
apertures
;
;
—
to
the
dresses and fancifully orna-
time, the Indian assemblage, and the
first
elliptical
moved forward
and
doors
circle
in
for
dances.
In close Indian
successive order,
with a
kind of
lormer places, animated by the music of
double
shuffle, to their
a
beat upon a drum, in the midst of the circus, with the ac-
light
The
companiment of a vocal tune.* ed
;
the Indians took their seats
;
female dancers then
retir-
and the spectators were re-ad-
mitted.
men
of the Marechites
* Formerly their chief instruments were rattles,
made of small gourds
To
close the ceremonies, four chief
and pumpkin
Vol.
shells.
I
Smithy
p. 32.
50
Indian in-
ducted into
same time and afterwards,
at the
1615,
..
^efs
same way. J
During these ceremonies, the Quoddy Indians without, stood which, they alternately hoisted and lowered a
,
office,
;
[Vol.
THE history
498
and sang short songs, somewhat en-
a. D. 1615, severally rose in succession
tertaining, Indian chiefs in*
ducted into office.
made
i.
which were duly responded by others from the new-
throughout which, the whole assemblage uttered,7 ° ° at almost every breath, a low-toned emphatic guttural sound, not officers
:
7
.
unlike a hickup
—
way by which they expressed
the singular
their
and pleasures.
plaudits
than three hours were consumed in these ceremonies
More
which were succeeded by a
already preparing.
feast
Two
oxen, slaughtered and severed into pieces, were roasting
fat
rice,
;
beans, and garden vegetables were boiling; and bread-loaves and
crackers were abundant.
cookery, neatness and order,
If the
were unworthy of modern imitation; the defects were counterbalanced by the hearty invitations and welcomes, with which the visitants equally with the natives, were urged to takers, both of the repast larities
and of the
all
become par-
The
festive scenes.
of the day relaxed to rude dances and wild sports
reguin
the
evening, which, were by no means free from extravagance and excess. Confederahe nativcs!
These circumstances political
are evincive of the cordial fraternity and
union of these three
known on any emergency,
Never have they been
tribes.
have we any accounts, that either of the Abenaques took arms against the others.
It is certain,
tachment were uniformly strong
Among
was great unanimity. at
and
;
the
likewise, an ardent coalescence
of their making war
Nor
to act otherwise than in concert.
tribes ever
of their at-
the ties
every movement, there
in
Mickmak Sagamores we
any time upon each other.
federacy or union existed between
But no con-
any two of the three great
Aberginean, Abenaques, and Etechemin people mentioned, Philip's war,
when
common
a
find,
there being no traditional report
;
interest
until
softened their asperities
towards one another, and urged them into a general warfare against the colonists. Intercourse of thecoionistn
and
natives.
during
fifty
years,
the planters and traders in Maine, had
great intercourse with the natives, undisturbed by any open rupJ 1 1 *
ture.
When
they
commenced
venge and greedy of
spoils.
hostilities,
No
they were
expedient could, for any length of time, bind them of peace.
full
of re-
presents, no treaties, no other in
the bonds
Their jealousies and antipathies towards the English
were habitual
;
and when
it
was too
of ultimate exile or utter extinction.
late,
they had a fearful vision
Within a period of eighty-
—— Chap.
— of maine.
xix.J
499
between the war of Philip, A. D. 1675, and the cap- A.DM615,
five years,
Quebec, the inhabitants of Maine have been extreme
ture of
wars
sufferers in six Indian
The
of them bloody.
a half; the 3d, ten
and the greater
»
:* 7
—some of which were years
1st, lasted three
the 4th, three and
;
The number
6th, Jive years.
and
the
a half;
tribes,
all
° the 2d, nine and
till
Six India n .
wars and treaties,
5th, Jour,
of treaties have been
our political relations with the
;
;
Ions;
much
they became
extinct or peaceable, being always of considerable importance.
proceedings of the natives are regulated by a Laws and
All aces and
They have no
present sense of fitness, and immediate benefit.
written constitution, no code of laws, no judicial process, no per-
The
manent documents.
of
fires
and ambition,
avarice
—
the
passions for riches and influence, which are the great disturbers
of the civilized world,
The
breast.
by the
are holden
tribe in
gers to an extended
comparatively dormant in the savage
common
Their
territories
individuals are willing stran-
;
commerce and
to
accumulated wealth
;
and
no regulations are needed among them, except what
therefore,
made
are
lie
Indians are a very peculiar race.
for the
purpose of preventing and punishing personal
injuries.
Their
and
laws
;
1.
Nov.
King
6,
JSTeaVs
Philip's war, from
1678.— Mass.
JV.
H.
2.
Dec. 5.
of natural
to the
malignant
p.
eastern tribes
:
—Mugg's
403-5.
24, 1675, to the treaty of Casco, April
of Portsmouth, Sept.
8,
1685.
Belknap*
p. 348.
King
William's war, from August 13, 1688, to the treaty of Mare-
Brunswick, January
7,
1699
—
2
1722, to
Secretary's Office, Boston,
The Spanish,
p.
p.
556-7.
—Treaty
542-3, entire.
1703, to the treaty of Portsmouth,
Wars.— I
Penhallow's Indian
Lovwell's war, from June 13, 15, 1725.
Math. Magnal.
— 2 Math. Mag.
Queen Anne's war, from August,
July 11, 1713. 4.
E.
JV*.
June
Rec— Treaty
of Pemaquid, August 11, 1693. 3.
dictates
must be given
principal treaties with the
1676.— 2
12,
point,
restraints
mere
the
otherwise no ligaments are strong enough to bind firmly
The wars and
*
treaty,
few immemorial usages
consist of a
—manifestly
Checks and
Teason. passions
of course
maxims,
plain
H. Hist. Soc. p. 83-6. Dummer's celebrated treaty,
Coll. JV.
— entire.
or Jive years' Indian war, from July 19, 1745, to the trea-
ty of Falmouth, Oct. 16,
of Halifax, August 15,
1749.— 9
Coll.
Mass. Hist.
1749.— Secretary's
Office,
Soc. p.
220-3.— Treaty
Boston.
6. French and Indian war, from April, 1755, to the conquest of Quebec, and treaty of Halifax. Feb. 22, 1760, and PownaFs treaty, April 29.— S*e*
Office.
Treaty with the Mickmaks and Marechites, July
19, 1778.
THE history
500 a. D. 1615, a
community
The
together.
[Vol.
principal crimes
i.
which occur among
the Indians are homicides, violent assaults, and drunkenness;-—
sometimes treachery,
But they
and adulterous intercourse.
theft
are strangers to arson, robbery, burglary, perjury, forgery, frauds,
ravishment and
many
much
other offences, which so
disturb
and
blacken civilized society.
Crimes and aggravated misdemeanors are summarily examin-
Offences
and
^
redress.
g(j
^e
Sagamore and chief men, who prescribe and
what punishment
shall
be
upon the
inflicted
A
guilty.
according to the statement of Neptune and Francis,
and there shot
tree,
his
life is
to death
by one of the
is
tied to a
Sometimes
captains.
spared upon his engagement to support the wife, the chil-
dren, or helpless relations of the slain
an outcast from the
—"
seldom
Indians
doomed
yet
;
death.
steal
If
we may
from Indians
should be guilty of theft, Neptune says, he
and whipped
till
be forever
to
This and treason are the only crimes
tribe.
among them, punishable with Francis,
dictate
murderer,
is
believe Capt. if
one
tied fast to a
tree
yet
;"
he confesses, and brings forth what he has
stolen.
Quarrels among them and batteries are not uncommon.
They
tagonists never strike. to
clinch,
throw each other upon the ground
An-
and then struggle furiously ;
when
the victor seizes the
hair of his fallen adversary, wrenches and twists his neck violently
;
and sometimes with
his heel, gives repeated
blows
in his face.
oftentimes done even in the view, and with the approba-
This
is
tion,
of the chief men,
when they
are convinced of the sufferer's
villainy,
If female continency lated, there
ed with since, est,
fearful evils.
happened
between
fess
it,
An
chastity,
his wife
each other's
life,
in
Revenge
men were
;
at the
who
is fully justified, ;
when
in the for-
the husband was-
Once they met and
a combat
into dire parties,
ot offences
or vio-
made her con-
determining to wreak his venge-
without great difficulty separated. while the two
chief,
native, suspecting the crime,
and then forgave her
it
solicited
camp, or hunting wigwam
and an under
ance only on the adulterer.
divided
be seldom
of this character, a few years
affair
at a chief's
The shrewd
absent.
and
have been instances of lascivious intercourse, attend-
with knives
These
;
strove to
were
nor
take
they
transactions occurring,
head of the Tarratine
tribe,
have
are not yet reconciled.
as the Indians believe,
in
and should the blood of the criminal be
this class
spilt
by the
— ;
Chap, xix.]
of Maine.
501 d. 1615, A a. 1675. .to
its voice could never reach the ear of avenger, & birth without a marriage was never known to occur, except in a
the tribe.
'
very few instances, where the putative father
is
a white
man
;
and
offences
and redress,
then the mother's former female associates subsequently avoid
Some, however, suppose
her society.
ment than
A
disgrace.
Frenchman,
company of de Monts, used
the
an Openango Sagamore, ifest
marry the
fair native,
but her father objected, in taking
skill
Among
game
are told, belonging to
a freedom with the daughter of
1603; which eventuated
in
The
appearances of her unchastity.
willing to
causes more resent-
this
we
as
man-
and she was enamored with him
the foreigner had evinced superior
till
or salmon.
the natives, the law of retaliation
always
tate of nature,
in the
ardent stranger was
The
justifiable.
is
considered a dic-
they think, are de-
vile,
tered from the commission of crimes through the perpetual fear
of the avenger,
An
they transgress.
if
to seek redress through the
medium
any injury done him by one of his stance,
quite lately,
till
Indian was never
of our laws .and
for
Nor was there an inman ever sued an Indian
tribe.
where a white
But prosecutions have frequently been
in a civil action.
known
courts,
instituted
law upon complaints, both of the Englishman and the Indian,
at
crimes committed by either against the other.
for
The
much
and story of Peol Susup, so
trial
in point,
may be
Susup's e
About
related.
and
sunset,
June 28, 1816,
noise, in the tavern of
intolerable
;
endeavored
Indian's turbulence
this
William Knight,
at
and the inn-keeper thrust him out to drive
The
him away.
a great rage, pursued him to the
Bangor, became at the
door, and
Indian, instantly turning in
steps, with
a drawn knife, and
gave him a deep wound, just below his shoulderblade, of which
he presently died.
On
his
Susup frankly
arrest,
ought to die ;-^but I was
*
and
*
or I never had done
I
till
dicial Court, at Castine, the
*
Many
of his
attended the
own
trial.
—Neptune gave
for
—
'
have killed Knight
I ;
and he abused
me
;
it.'
After an imprisonment
on an indictment
said,
in liquor
the June term of the
subsequent year
;
Supreme Ju-
he was arraigned
murder, to which he pleaded not guilty*
tribe,
and several from
Among-
his counsel
St.
others, Susup's wife
30 half
dollars,
Johns and Passamaquoddy,
and four or
five children
;
S.
&m*
— DM615,
Susup's trial.
[ Vol.
THE HISTORY
502 A.
—
——
——
A
day was consumed
the
in
crowded the meeting-bouse by n
{
amidst a concourse, which
and, according to the position urged
;
counsel,* the verdict was " manslaughter."
s
The Court
then said to him
for yourself ?
to say '
trial,
me :'—That
1
Susup, have you any thing
John Neptune,'
said he,
English, yet every word
was
distinctly
He
spake
solemn
;
broken
;
manner
his
and a breathless silence pervaded the whole assembly.
You know, your people do my Indians great
began
wrong.
in
and easily under-
heard
His gestures were frequent and forcible
stood.
now
speak for
and deliberately addressed them
an impressive speech of several minutes.
He
will
'
Indian then stepped forward from the midst of his
associates, towards the Judges, in
I.
— They abuse
then they walk right
them very much off-
—nobody touches
deal of murder them ;
they
yes,
;
This makes
them.
my
my Indians say, we'll go kill your very bad and wicked men. No, I tell ''em, never do that thing ; we are brothers. Sometime ago a very bad man\ about Boston, heart burn.
Well, then
—
shot an Indian dead
was not
your people said, surely he should die
;
—In
but
it
this
day ; certain he never
so.
say, let that bloody
—hope
Jills the
Indians, love
it
the
man go
well
:
free
;
Peol Susup
too.
—Peace
is
they smile under
its
shade.
be always friends
;
the
—/ speak what I
Susup was sentenced
My
for killing Indian.
dies
hearts of us
men and red men must our Father ;
great prison-house he eats and
all.
good.
—
;
lives to
brothers
So we wish These,
my
The white
Great Spirit
is
feel.
to another year's
imprisonment
;
and re-
quired to find sureties for keeping the peace two years, in the
sum of $500 when John Neptune, and 'Squire Jo Merryhis own tribe, Capt. Solmond, from Passamaquoddy, and Capt. Jo Tomer, from the river St. John, became his sure-
penal
;
Neptune, of
ties in the "^"
Idle habits
810 "
ec*
n
recognizance.
I ncuan
^ rones
dianl
dignity
;
m
nas ^ew inducements to industry. civilized society,
and with him, time
is
necessity or inclination urges
Like the wretch-
he considers labor beneath esteemed of small value.
him
to
undertake
* Mellen and Williamson for the prisoner.
— For
in
his
What
seasons
the government,
of D.
Davis, Solicitor General. |
He
killing-
prison.
who had received sentence of death for which was commuted to hard labor for life in the State'*
alluded to one Livermore,
an Indian
;
f
Chap, xix.] peace,
is
done
leisurely
;
though he
for
his estimation the
life is in
503
of Maine. is
never quiet, an inert
A.
DM615,
boon of earthly happiness.
Hunting of the men are hunting; employments principal o and fishing. r j r r ° and fishing. On the In the former, they discover great skill and dexterity.
The
^
arrival of the
Europeans, the natives used wooden
an expert bowman, at the distance
it is
and
;
Sometimes the young hunter
of forty yards.*
would shroud himself
traps
do execution
said, could, with his arrows,
of a moose
in the skin
or'
other animal, and
creep towards the herd, imitating their looks and motions,
moment
a favorable
game, and dropping the
men
the purpose of taking a herd of deer, two or three hundred
have been known
to
form an' association
animals with
ing the
to kill great
numbers.
rise
and
wherein by surround-
themselves
by hideous
yells,
well-chosen
at
they were enabled
amidst an ambush, that
into
a river,
The
time for duck hunting was
them.
kill
;
Oftentimes, one party would drive them to
narrow points of land, or would
posting
fires,
raising an alarm
passes, and
till
when he would shoot the decoyed disguise, run it down and secure it. For
offered,
in
the
month of August, when the flocks had shed their quills and Acfeathers, and their young were fledged insufficiently to fly. cording to the account given of an instance by Mr. Penhallow,
A. D. 1717, the Indians drove them
in
such numbers into creeks
as to be able with their paddles and billets of
4,600
at
one time
;
wood
disposing of hundreds to the
only, to
kill
English at a
penny by the dozen.
The
Birds were taken with snares, or shot with arrows.
fish
were. c*pght either by hook and line, by entangling them in wears,
by dipping with scoop-nets,
or
by
striking
them with
The
spears.
fish lines
and nets were constructed of deer's sinews, the bark of
trees, or
tough grass, spun into threads between the hands and
teeth
The
the hooks were bones grated to a point and bearded.
;
remains of Indian wears, constructed with large stones, are
still
extant in great Ossipee river.
The
lazy habits of the natives incline J
them
to
travel as
craft or boats are of
two kinds.
t
as possible is
by water. Their
formed out of a large log excavated, 40
inside being
other
is
feet
in
length
burned and then smoothed by a stone gouge.
,
—
the
The
bark, so light, that an Indian
constructed of birchen
* Smith's Hist. p. 32.
much Their r man* One pal ingenu-
f
1
Coll.
N. Hamp.
Hist. Soc. p. 90.
,
.
[Vol.
THE history
504 a. d. 1G15, turning
it
upside down, can travel with
to '
head
yet
:
some miles upon
axe was formerly made
and used by means
of a fine grained stone,
The
of a helve, fastened to the pole by a withe.
gouge were made of the same curved of
;
and
of a two
like the point
the former from two to three, and the latter from
A
four to ten inches in length. pendant,, shaped
most curious
In length,
like a pear.
and four and a half around the bulb.
much wrought
article is
It
too heavy
is
for
bosom ornament, and
any minor use.
for
the stone
three inches and a
it is
the ears, too clumsy and ill-shapen for a
yet too
chisel
one straight and the other
or the hardest stone, and shaped
edged sword
half,
stone, the
Their arrow heads and spears, were made
edge.
at the
flint,
his
carry six men, and the other about forty. Their
will
it
it
i.
has been
It
many
times shown to the Indians of different tribes for an exposition of its
any satisfactory information.
use, without obtaining
Their ancient weapons of war were only four or
Their weapons.
cj u k }
t
he
The
sta ff?
t j ie i
bow and arrows and
ance? the
war-club, was
made
five,
the war-
the target.
of the root or branch of a tree, with
a knot at the end, for the purpose of fatal batteries in close en-
gagement.
The
elastic pole,
8 or 10 feet
and designed
A
to
staff or stake,
resembling an espontoon, was an
in length,
hardened by
parry the enemy, or strike him
much more bloody and
fire at
weapon, was the lance.
fatal
one end,
at short distances. It
re-
sembled the pickaxe, and was formed by inserting near one end of a short hand-staff, at right angles, a deer's horn, or a long stone sharpened at each end
pointed with
flint
;
or
By
or bone.*
it
was a kind of pike sharply
this,
the fighter could fatally at-
The bow and The bow was
tack his foe, or shield himself from return-blows.
arrow were of great use both
made
in
war and hunting.
of the toughest elastic wood, 8 or 10 feet in length.
was only bent when used of Ulysses,
it
to
twang the arrows
required no feeble arm to bend
hunter assures me, he has seen a
bowman
;
much
knife,
horror,
which
strike the
An old
English
it.
a shield, or breastplate, not extensively used.
and scalping
like that
shoot at short distan-
ces with the precision and effect of a rifle-man.
so
It
and then,
The target was The tomahawk
minds of the English with
are sharp-edged weapons, of iron and steel,
* Smith's History, p. 31.
— Indian Wars, (anon.)
p. 272.
Chap,
of maine.
xix.]
which have come
among
into use
505
the Indians, since their acquaint- A. D.
1615,
to 1675.
ance with the Europeans.
They
enter upon
amore meets dled
Becoming acquainted with
In war, a largess of services, tines, is
fully
fire is kin-
great
upon the important he takes
their determination,
endeavoring
;
their patriotic ardor to the greatest height.
and kindle
to arouse
a
;
march, while he sings a war song
a circuitous
The Sag- Their war-
deliberation.
council
in
and he addresses the assemblage
;
subject.
up
war with the utmost
his Indian warriors
among
Sagamores
tendered to their
Abenaques and Tarra-
the ;
but
among
the
Mickmaks, upon
the Sagamore being more absolute, levied a kind of tribute his people, at pleasure."*
asylums merely,
open
field
where they
bastions, It
was not
way under
wind
their
foe,
when
faint
hollow shout
They choose by
of war.
arts
usual yell, ho
by a
signal,
and the whole body instantly raising a most
;
war-whoop, and rushing upon ho
stealth to
the covert of darkness, within shot of their
leader, at break of day, gives the
their
!
when the enemy
tarried
their policy to face the
but in skulking, stratagem and ambush, they dis-
;
played their superior
frightful
were
men, women and children, surrounded
old
for
by palisadoes without warriors were absent. in the
—The
fortifications of the natives
!
ho
!
—
scalp and
enemies with the
their
kill after all
resistance ceases.
In victory or success, they exult extravagantly, in dances, feasts
and shouts of triumph. remuneration
;
—
They
fight for the public
scalps, booty, trophies,
good, without
and a return without
loss,
constituting the glory of the expedition.
But wealth with them present use. their
of inconsiderable value, except for
is
1 hey are no misers
most valued ornaments.
and nothing more.
.
,
Their wigwams are mere
grounds
ture, and, since the arrival of the
;
shelters,
worth to
some small patches
for cul-
Europeans, the timber of the
and other spontaneous productions of nature.
The
trade
with them has consisted in a barter of furs and peltries, at " truck
houses" and
forts,
established
and regulated by laws.
They
never had any other domestic animals than dogs ;f no several * Jeffreys, p. 66,
80.— Indian Wars,
(anon.) p. 269.
—
Wolf-dogs are said to be the offspring of the fox and the wolf. 2 Belk. Biog. p. 130 1. The Indians had no domestic fowls. 1 Coll. Mass, Hist. t
—
—
Soc. p. 213.
Vol.
I.
51
Their wealth and
metals are Wampam.
All in their estimation, which give
their lands, are their hunting
forests
—though precious ,
rr,,
—
:
[Vol.
THE history
506
i.
which was not portable in every situation and movement; and no money except wampam * This was an article wrought out of shells, found upon the coasts of New-England
a. D. 1615, prdperty,
—
and Virginia, and formed into beads, all of a vivid color reEach " eye," or bead, was of a cylindrical form,
sembling pearls.
about one 4th of an inch
in length, smaller
fluted through the centre, large
They were
was double
farthing -apiece,
—now
made
at a cent
a tender,
and both,
;
in all
black or violet
the latter, and
value ol
in
debts under
single belt, four inches in width,
Wampam
length.
40
at
and from two to three
with Indians, the
is
feet
pearl of great price. ;
is
it
a in It
their
used as an interchange or token of the highest re-
it is
;
a
Ten
shillings.
interwoven into every part of their better dress
money
rated
1643, were by a
in
of these beads are not unfrequently wrought into
thousand
is
than a pipe-stem, and
to receive a strong thread.
of two varieties, the white and the
the former
colony law
enough
spect.
The
*>ast&
natives have their songs of war, of sociality, and of wor-
usages are more general, than
ship.
But none of
feasts
and dances on special occasions, such
their
peace, marriage, and social meetings. believed,
in
that of victory,
peace, never take a part
the
In the war-dance, and
D. 1603, attended by
mins, and Mountaineers ;f
—
who made
dicular poles,
taken
in
war
walls of the
;
all
The Algonquin Sagamore, Ama-
*
guests were seated around
the
great cabin, the
armed with company,
the
back,
to the
and retook
Wampampeag.
t Purchas, p. 933
p.
place.
next the
hard-wood spear, his
dog,
kettles of venison, seven or
to
another of the attendants,
Sagamore, he gave the dog a
his
Prince,
a kind of
young Indian took
a
boiling
number, danced from one
and when coming his
give a fair
on which were suspended their enemies' heads
and
and, nourishing around eight in
true
the feast, took his seat between two perpen-
To amuse
or dirk.
in
Eteche-
the Algonquins,
the particulars of which
specimen of similar scenes. dabison,
it is
are as fond of this
amusement and exercise, as the other sex. Samuel Champlain was present at an entertainment, native style, A.
their
war, victory,
females being the devotees of
otherwise they
:
as
He was
173.
— 936.—The men only shout.
twirl
followed by
upon
others
Chap,
xix.]
of Maine.
equally expert in the
of the repast
;
same
507
All with festive mirth partook A. D. 1615
feats.
and afterwards some told
stories, others sang,
several danced, with their enemies' heads
in
and
The
their hands.
Amadabison then arranged and seated before him,
Indians of
" their the
women and maids, in ranks ;" who suddenly sprang up, as men stood singing behind them, and casting off their man-
tles
of fur and other articles of dress, except their beads,
and danced shouted, he
!
exhausted
quite
till
he
he
!
!
;
— when,
— and resumed
After a short respite, the
their mantles
and
social
;
— every
mantle, or outer garment, joined close, seizing
at the
something
other article, and presenting
ment was closed with were competitors
The races
and
;
to partake
it
one, in
in
the
at
himself of his
divesting
the general dance
;
the guests,
hand, such as beads,
The
to the AJgonquins.
flesh,
which two of each nation
foot-races, in
the victors being rewarded with presents.
;
In summer,
when
the weather
and warm, both
fair
is
At chequers, the older Indians are
sexes bathe daily.
as boldly to challenge the is
most
;* foot- Amuse-
and among the boys, bat
wrestling; quoits; chequers;
Smoking tobacco
or
entertain-
amusements of the natives are dancing
principal
ball.
their seats.
joy; when suddenly the whole company repeated
same shout
loudly the
and
Sagamore arose and addressed the
Etechemins and Mountaineers, urging them festal
sang
the whole in concert
white
skilful
men
to
so expert,
the game.
another habit and amusement, to which both
sexes are strongly attached.
Among
familiar friends, the lighted
pipe sometimes passes around, from one to another, like a cup of drink
;
each taking a few whifs,
calumetf
is
the pipe of peace.
reddish stone
;
and
its
in
usually
proverbial of mutual friendship and peace.
to a contract, or the sanction of a promise
of faith and
fidelity
The manners
;
— and ever considered
—
it is
of a soft is
of the
To smoke
from
Like the
seal
used as a pledge
sacred.
of the Indians are such as might be expected
being the untutored
—
the unpolished
children of nature.
always enter a house without knocking,
and take seats without being requested. * Oldmixon,
made
stem, about two feet in length,
hardest wood, oftentimes curiously ornamented. it is
The
general conviviality.
Its boll is
p. 15.
if
;
They
the door be unfastened,
Nay,
it
was not unusual,
— He says the females are particularly fond of dancing,
f 5 Charlevoix, p. 311, 397, 426, 437.
Their man" er!>*
THE HISTORY
508 A D
when they wished
in earlier times,
[Vol.
warm,
to
I.
or be sheltered from
to 1675.
the storm, to burst in the bolted door of the white
hour
On
and tarry
in the night,
until
was
it
to
be saluted with the endearing appellations, or names,
of brother or sister.*
The
uncover
remove
their heads, or
commonly
the haste they
observation of
Both sexes, so
tribe.
communicate any
Hebrews, are
or assumed
significant of
The
object in nature.
does a
woman change
titles
man
;
they
far as
fall
to females or children
among them, some
child inherits
among
no name of
when she
hers
as
event, incident,
are sel-
the ancient
or interesting parents, nor
its
They
marries.
are fond like
Ro-
by new or appendant names, expressive of
their
and Indian warriors are sometimes rewarded,
heroes,
facts
under the
English, are truly the patterns of modesty;
the
and instances of violence, offered
dom known. Names given
is
and they are, with a few excep-
;
tions,! never very frank to converse, or to
concerning their
times
in
irksome,
less
visits
manifest; though they have no particular
be readily understood
to
except
their hats or caps,
renders their
Not many of them can speak English well
object of pursuit.
enough
Indians seldom, in token of respect,
What
of religious worship.
of
any
at
meeting, they nod the head, are very fond of shaking hands,
and prefer
Names.
man,
pleasure to depart.
their
achievements.
Past events are celebrated
Improvements.
in
song
;
memory
the tablets of
are
.
their only records
ject of Indian
more
;
and
solicitude.
destitute of
deem necessary
improvement
intellectual
One can
is
never an ob-
hardly conceive of a people
what the enlightened parts of the world would
to society
and the comforts of
ple implements of daily use, a few
A
life.
few sim-
weapons of war, a few
articles
of apparel, are the principal specimens of their ingenuity. * That
is,
'
qua nccchcer^ how do you do,
f Aitteon, the chief,
my
brother
cannot speak English with
They
?
facility
;
but John JVep-
tune and Capt. Francis can pronounce the language pretty freely
both are communicative and intelligent.
Neptune has
bones, the copper color, the large muscular frame, indeed,
and appearance of the true Indian race.
But Francis
descendant of Castine or some other Frenchman.
more
talkative,
and more smiling than most others.
is
He
the high all
the features
supposed to be a is
less of stature,
English
Mary was
called because of her beauty, her correct language, and her amiable ners. to
The awkwardness
of her sister6 has been
be a great mortification
to her.
known
— and
cheek
id
so
man-
some instancei
— Chap,
—
xix.]
;
of Maine.
599
are entire strangers to the education, which imbues the
mind A l
with moral and religious principles, and
—which
and
refines the sentiments
fills
with knowledge,
it
°
d. 1615, 1675
'
and polishes the
affections,
manners.
Their genius
principally mechanical
is
A
taste for the fine arts.*
little
in stone
and wood, are and
beasts, birds pestle, the
and they have some
;
few specimens of
their sculpture
niusic *
miniature-resemblances of men,
striking
In Wells, has been found a long stone
fish.
end of which has the form of a " serpent's head,"
They
well imitated.
their vessels
sketch, with considerable ingenuity, the pic-
upon
tures of animals,
and the
—sometimes
upon
As an emblem
of the
substances,
different
bolls of their pipes. f
devices in heraldry, the Indian's signature always resembles
have good voices and an ear for
natives, especially the females,
According
to
some
The
animal, which he selects, and adopts, and never changes.
music.
Arts and
an account
in
Pring's Voyage, A. D. 1603,
they danced excessively, around a youth of the crew, playing
upon a and
guitar.
in
Some
Indians will play tolerably upon a the time
their great dances,
kept by
is
a
upon a drum, usually accompanied by a vocal tune. songs are solos, with tones carols are
more musical
of voice rough
and
;
their
violin
light
beat
Their war
and harsh
church chantings,
in
their
;
modern
times, are imitative of the catholic forms of praise. J
The
natives have ascertained the true qualities of
plants, barks
and roots
;
and prescribe remedies
dy with which the human body by sweating the ter, raised
by means of heated
bound upon the
and diarrhoea by
;
by
;
•
Smith's Hist. p.
arts,
240.— He
says,
among
A
specimen of
pany
in
grand chorus
Mickmak
music.
arts,
by sudo-
we have been
the
these Eastern Tribes, " their
differ little
f They paint their faces, though without Hist. Sec. p. 61. |
pleurisies,
astringents.
games, music, attire and burials,"
vem, hau, hau, he, he;
warm medicaments;
spasms and
In these practices, and in some useful
"
certain kinds of bark,
Sores are cured by
agues, by hot vegetable steam rifics
and then plunging him
stones,
Blisters are raised
skin.
herbs, Medical
every mala-
wigwam, with the steam of wa-
patient in a close
a cold bath.
into
many
Fevers are cured
attacked.
is
for
much
from those in Virginia.
taste or skill.— 1 Coll.
Tamija, alle-luya, tamija
Jft.
dore-
— the two last notes were repeated by the whole comOldmixon,
p. 23-4.
knowed ff°v
——
—
;
THE HISTORY
510
We
A. p. 1615, copyists of the Indians.
[Vol. I.
have learned from them,
form
to
to 1675i
F
Msh im
tim'l'idiaiis
.
and use the scoop net; the cylindrical baskets, anc snow snoes or rackets, ^
them
in the
ing
in
it
the
sand
winter travelling
in
>
by torchlight
fish
to preserve vegetables
;
meat from
;
smoke
and
;
mals, so as to give
to lure
;
from
by putting
taint
to dress
into
it
The
a very palatable dish.
Their
boiled.
impregna-
little
the milk, and green beans
in
broth of a boiled bass-head, thick-
They
ened with homony, was called upaquontop.
repose with the feet to the
heathfully
sure in the open air
by manuring the white oak
Their
softness.
Their nokehike was corn parched and pounded.
lie.
Suckatash was composed of corn
we might
snow, or dry-
leather with the brains of ani-
homony consisted of corn broken in a mortar and samp was whole corn hulled by scalding water, a ted with
and catch
by burying
frost
a peculiar pliancy and
it
eel-fishery;
for
and how
;
soil
with
planting
when
it
" big as a mouse's ear," and hoing
is
how
expo-
maize, or Indian corn,*
to raise
fish,
taught us
fire, after
the leaf of the in
it
To
hills.
subdue a tree they bruised the bark
at
and scorched
would grow no more. They
roots with fire,
its
till
it
the surface of the earth,
beat up and mellowed the ground with a stone or
and planted lour kernels of corn, and two beans scattered
Indians have no schools; nor
c-dacalion.
among
a
hill
;
and
squashes.
...
The
.
among them pumpkins and
wooden hoe
in
Europeans came
the
till
them, had they any idea of reading, writing, or arithmetic.
Attempts have been often made
to
teach them letters
the present age there are found
among
who can
their
read a
luctance.
little
and write
home, submit
disciplined at
To
Pleasant-point
mention
to
an
;
and
in
the eastern Indians several,
But children un-
names.
school-government with great re-
instance
;
—
English
the
teacher at
me, that because he gave an Indian scholar
tells
a blow over the shoulder with a bush, he leaped out at the window,
and
in a
minute, there was not one remaining
cept the lnstructer forthwith rushed aces.
in,
when
— and of
E.
p.
fish,
Indian Wars,
569.
Maize" was
to
them
men-
have their children schoollive
in
English families.f
called by the natives, "
Weachin."
D.
—The Indians ate the » entrails of Moose, Deer, Bears,
and snakes they were particularly fond."
p. 91.
ex-
the house,
brandishing a drawn knife with violent
are unwilling to have
* Indian Corn, or " JVea/'s, JV.
in
a sturdy brother of the Indian boy,
Parents have no ambition
ed, and
"
:
t
Rev
"«
H. TrumbulVs
Elijah Kellogg.
— Chap,
The
xix.]
of maine.
511
thoughts of labor, restraint and discipline,
treme uneasiness and
anxiety
fill
them with ex- a.d.
1615,
and they are always perplexed
;
with fears, that the power of custom and fashion, might change
them from the
the manners of their children and alienate
ern natives compare with their
dialects,
They have
beings.
entered their hearts
;
was an ingenious thought, which never
and nothing mortal can be the subject of language never written
a
Abenaques and Etechemins
shewn,* possessed such an
affinity
those of different tribes to converse
and
similarity,
as previousas enabled
together without difficuity.f
Vocabularies as well as facts and circumstances confirm
—One
of these
Jesuit,
who
693
1
the
fort,
lived
third,
among
from
his
charge
by Rev. Daniel
are
all
said to
at
use.
years, posterior
North-Yarmouth, A. D.
Little, minister
after the
be preserved
French orthography,
in
26
the Canibas Indians
missionary to the Etechemins,
These
this truth.
word-books, was compiled by Ralle, the French
by the Rev. Ammi R. Cutter, commander of ;J another and keeper of the trading house at Saco. subsequent to
his dismissal
and a
—never
to letters.
All the dialects of the
to
To
though no one tribe ever had an alphabet.
more perpetual change, than
ly
human
other
all
invent the signs of words,
reduced
tribe.
of language, or arbitrary signs of ideas, the east-
In the use
is
;
and
war of the revolution.
though that of Ralle, being
;§
rather
1735
of Kennebunk,
a
book of
curiosity than
of
||
So
far
as
the language of
these
natives has
submitted to
grammatical parts of speech, and the etymologies, inflexions, and combinations of words are known, ties.
It
has no article
;
it
has
many
one; and
for the, this or that.
by which
to distinguish the
Nor have
they
Romans, use
any single word,
gender of nouns or pronouns.
Tarratines say, JYeah, I; Keah, thou or you
she; JVeonah, we;
evident peculiari-
for a or an, they, like the
Acoumah,
they.
;
The
Heckomah, he or
Their modes and tenses
*See Ante, Chap. xvii. | It was from the natives, that the extensive region of Maine, received Purchas, p. 939. 2 Belk. Biog. the name, Jlavooshen, or Jlawooshen.
—
p. 149.
—The
Indians say,
'
samaquoddy, speak the same \ (I
—
the tribes, at the river St. John, and at Pasdialects.'
7 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. p. 254
New
Ralle's Vocabulary, in Library of
Series.
\
Harr. University.
Sullivan, p. 265.
Indian lan= ua " e
*
J
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
612
Their inflexions of verbs
A. 1X^1615, are quite defective. Indian languagcs.
—
;
^
P ren>xes 5
to the persons are
Nemanche* 1 walk;
and changes, thus:
suffixes,
t.
Keamounche, you walk ; Heckomah-mounches, he walks ; JVeounah-n'muchepowneak, we walk
They
walk.f son
;
Aroumah-mauts-cheteck,
;
never use adjectives
— an Indian
prefix, equivalent to very, being their
they
compari-
the degrees of
in
qualifying
Land they call keag ; to which they prefix other words, and form the names of their rivers. Penops-Keag, means rock-
term.
land
;
Cunds-keag, leg-land
Medawam--keag,
;
ripples
or peb-
bles-land. * Ch has its proper sound always when used never like k. fin Mobegan, JVpumseh, I walk ; k'pumseh, thou or you walk ; premisDr. Edwards. In Openango. Jloonseh, I walk; soo, he or she walks. L'mooseh, thou, he or she walks ; JTuncheneh, we or you walk; M'sa^-tech, ;
—
—
they walk. \
These might be
orthography,
is
Passamaquoddy, in Indian
indefinitely multiplied.
Pascodum
[pollock']
oquon
[catcli'em great
many] keag-
[land].
The manner
of counting, and a few important words and expressions
show us the English. One, will
affinity
and repugnance of different dialects.
TARRATINE.
MOHEGAN.
Pez-a-qun,
N'quet,
Virginian. Necut,
Two,
Neice,
Neese,
Ningh,
Three,
Noss,
Nish,
Nuff,
Four,
Yeaou,
Yob,
Yowgh,
Five,
Polenes-q,
Napanna,
Paranske,
Six,
Nequitence,
Quutta,
Comotinch,
Seven,
Tombowence,
Edana,
Toppawoss,
Eight,
Sonsuck,
Shwosuck,
Nusswash,
Nine,
Nour-lee\
Paskugit,
Kehatawgh,
Ten,
Medaira,
Pruck.
Kaskeke."
Eleven,
Nogudouncow,
Twelve, Twenty,
Nes-ins-ca,
Neice-uncow,
One hundred One thousand.
Virginian.
Nogudatequa,
Necuttoughtysinough,
Nog udunqua.
Necuttweunquaough.
Tar ratine — The
Mohegan ; SpemenkaWuin, Algonquin. God, Chenee-wusque Same among all the Etechemin tribes. Father, Meetungus, Tarratine. Nosh, my father, Heaven,
Spumkeag,
heavens, Keesuck, ;
—
Nooch, my father; Gooch, thy father, Del.; Boy, Skeenooses, Tarratine ; Wuskeene, Mohe-
Cosh, thy father, Mohegan.
and Nousce, Algonquin.
gan
;
Pilawetschitsch, Delaware.
A
man
(a)
Sanumhee, Tarratine; N*nin,
(a) Mickmak, Kessona Virginian, Nemarough, [a man], " One white man," is expressed in the Tarratine language by "Ouanooch; — White man's shoes, by « Ou-a-nooch-wank-seh-nah ;" and how do you do ? by ;
—
— Chap.
'
of MAINE.
xix.~|
In their
first
613
endeavors to pronounce the world English, they a.d.
whence
uttered the sound, " Yengees,"
the term
is
Yankees*
Indian \la««
,
The
similarity apparent in the dialects of
though great,
tribes,
stance,
among
among
the Openangos,
and scaud,
To
for
resolve,
many
not without
is
the Tarratines, chii-ee
yes
is
our three Etechemin 6 ua«e
For
discrepancies.
is
used
in-
But
auri"tah, no.
;
and Marechites, choh,
for yes ;
no or not.\ or analyze a language,
an exercise, requiring
is
long and deep reflection, critical knowledge, and profound logic
;
of which the natives have not, in regard to either, the most distant
Their
notions.
were the
dialects
grammar, composition and
Their language,
which admit of no improvement.
when
dictates of nature.
were subjects
style,
Letters,
among them, appearance
in
Many
written, resembles short hand, or laconic phrases.J
of their words are long
The
tongue.
Mohegan;
one answering
;
sounds of some vowels
Alisinape, Algonquin
Tarratine
;
Nisahick, Algonquin
Tarratine
;
Keesis, Algonquin
ratine
;
raline
;
;
for several in the in the alphabet,
Leno, Delaware.
English
are often
Brother, Neecheon,
Skkietch, Mickmak.
Sun, Keezoose, Keesough, Mohegan. Fire, Squitta, TarScoute, Algonquin ; Pockatawer, Virginian. Hair, Peersoo, TarLissis, or Lissy, Algonquin ; Milach, Delaware. ;
;
* Heckewelder. f The Lord's prayer, in the Tarratine dialect follows, which Capt. Francis, and Capt. Jo Delislos and others, agree in saying-, is very much so expressed by the Indians at St. John's and Passamaquoddy. Metunk senahj our Father; Ouwa^ne, who is there; spunfkeag-aio, up in heaven; kee nuck, adored be ; tle-we-seh thy name; keah -dabel -dock, thy kingdom now-do -seh, come ; keah -olet-haut ta-mon-a, thy will ; num-ah-zee\ let it be x
v
v
x
v
,
,
x
v
v
done; m'se-tah -mah, over the whole earth
x
x
spum keag-aio, up v
in heaven
;
t'hah-lah-wee -keunah, like as;
me-lea -neh, give x
;
neo nah, us v
;
;
ne-quem-
pe-bem-geesVcoque, to-day; maje me, every; gees -cool, day ; ar -bon, bread; mus-see-a'tos sec, pardon ; neo nah, us; com-moontt en-esk-sock our trespasses; 't-hah-lah-wee'-keunah, like as; num-e-se-comele ent, we x
x
v
x
succeeded
in
having a parley with the disaffected Sagamores
which purpose they were persuaded
to
meet him
In this interview, he said to them,
lage. *
committee of war
*
harm
*
to see all the
to
or even threaten a peaceable
wrongs you have
discussion resulted in a truce,
*
Hubbard's Indian Wars,
Indian;
his
p. 341,
if possible,
352.— Sullivan,
determined
redressed.'
by which they engaged
to prevent,
for vil-
every body to
—being
suffered, fully
;
own
have urged our
I
orders, forbidding
issue
peace with the English, and
{
at
to
the
—The live
in
Anasa-
p. 31, 169, 173.
Chap, xx.]
527
OF MAINE.
gunticooks from committing any more depredations, either upon A.D.
1675.
the settlers or traders.
An
uniform perseverance
in these conciliatory
believed, might revive and secure the amity
of the natives
and circumstances, ordered monies
ed from the public treasury, would become
it
^®
s
r
r„
°f *J n t
and
;
be disburs-
to
who
the relief of those Indians
for
was
acquainted with their
therefore, in October, the General Court, dispositions
measures,
the subjects or allies of the colony
and appointed
;
Major Richard Waldron of Dover, and Capt. Nicholas Shapleigh of Kittery, to negotiate a treaty with the friendly
The Court
terms congenial to their wishes.
eastern trading houses to be discontinued
—
for an expedition into
Maine,
ance of Maj. Clark.
A vessel
to
and made provision
;
be prepared under the purvey-
;
she sailed from Boston, a force of It
upon
directed the
was therefore procured, and laden
with military stores and provisions
Lieut. Scottow.*
tribes,
also
when commanded by
having also on board, fifty soldiers,
was a gloomy autumn
;
and on account of
a day of fasting and prayer, Oct. 7,
the public calamities,
was
observed throughout Massachusetts and Maine.
On
that
day a man was shot from
nock, and soon died the same
From
fate.
Indeed,
ments.f
;
his horse, in
and two youngsters, a mile
Newichawan-
off,
experienced
these were taken their guns and upper gar-
this
ill-fated
seemed
settlement
be more
to
than any other, the object of savage vengeance and utter destruc16, about a
Saturday, Oct.
tion.
hundred Indians
assailed the
house of Richard Tozier, killed him and carried his son into captivity.
Lieut.
who was
v
Roger
Plaisted, the
commander of
an officer of true courage, and a
man
the garrison,
of public
spirit,
having a partial view of the massacre, about 150 rods distant,
despatched nine of his best
enemy, who
the
falling into
and the others with
A
men
to reconnoiter the
movements of
an ambush, three were shot down,
difficulty effected their
escape
alive.
J addressed unto two gentlemen at Cocheco, communicates the distresses of the place. letter
[Dover]
" Salmon Falls, Oct. 16, 1675. "
"
To
Mr. Richard Waldron and Lieut. Coffin
to inform you, that the Indians are just * 4 Mass. |
Rec.
p. 49, 66.
Sullivan, p. 249.
f
These are
now engaging
us with at
Hubbard's Indian Wars,
p.
318.
ivewichaagain°af-
,acked *
:
THE HISTORY
528 A. D. 1675.
" "
—Richard
" son «'
one hundred men, and have
feast
{ Vol. of our
slain four
already,
Tozier, James Barrey, Isaac Bottes, and Tozier's
and burnt Benoni Hodsdon's house.
;
men
1*
have any love
Sirs, if ever
you
and the country, now shew yourselves with
for us
men to help us, or else we are all in great danger to be slain, " unless our God wonderfully appears for our deliverance. They " that cannot fight, let them pray. Nothing else, but rest yours
c
took their seats
;
and the
arrival of a
12, 1686, only
36 Deputies
commission from the king to
Joseph Dudley, put an end to the General Court, on the third day °f tne session.^ Mr. Dudley was a native of Massachusetts, son t0 t h e £ rst Deputy-Governor of the colony, a graduate of Harv. college, in 1665, and an Assistant as early as
Kancamagus, [John Hagkins or Hawkins]
*
Kennebeck f 1
;
Natambomet
Belk. N. H. App.
:
—He
Wahowah,
possess-
or Hopehood,
of Saco, and others,
p. 348.
— Bill of nomination.
\
Hntch.
\
Mr. Danforth was now removed from the
Colt. p. 543.
;
1676
office
of President in
Maine and
a Court substituted, which was composed of Hon. William Stough ton, Judge John Usher and Edward Tyng, Esqrs. Assistants or Councillors and a Jus;
tice
was appointed
in
each town.
The Court
sat at
York
in October.
— Chap,
xxi.]
ed eminent
J
,
577
of Maine.
talents,
and his aspiring ambition seldom met with
Its A.f>. 1686.
equal.
He
was commissioned President
Hampshire, Maine and Rhode-Island administration of government, fifteen
for
to
him
assist
Newin
the
Councillors were
and the
;
Maine were Edward Tyng, and Bartholomew
Though
Gedney.*
and
;
mandamus
Edward Randolph was one
appointed by the crown.
two designated
of Massachusetts,
the latter lived in
Salem, he had property
frequent agencies, and occasional residence in Maine.
To
were committed the power of
the President and Council
managing and directing
the political and judiciary affairs of
all
these several colonies, without any house of deputies, or other
A majority of the Council con-
co-ordinate branch of government.
which was
stituted the Superior Court,
year, probably
in
member
Courts were to be holden by a
by
times in the
to set three
The County
Boston, for the whole country.
associate justices,
commissioned
of the Council, assisted
for the
purpose
;
from whose
The
decisions appeals were allowable to the Council.
courts of
probate were to be holden for Massachusetts at Boston,
President himself as Province,
now
ordinary
;
and
considered a county, by a surrogate or substitute.
Juries were to be "pricked"
in
each county, by the marshal
and one justice of the peace, from a
men
by the
each other Colony or
in
list
given them by the select-
of the towns.f
In general, ministration It lasted
by Sir
all
was
legal usages short,
only four months and
Edmund
Andros.
But Dudley's ad-
were observed.
and though unpopular,
26 days
;
it
was not
when he was superseded at Boston, Dec, 20 j
This man arrived
and on the same day published his commission. a despotic disposition, and
was strongly attached
He
possessed
to the interests
of
Between 1674, and 1682, a period of eight years, he had been ducal Governor of New-York and Sagadahock
the crown.
—
an
office
*
wherein his temper, imperious manners, and arbitrary
The other members
of the Council were, William Stoughton, Simon
Bradstreet, John Pynchon, Peter Bulkier, Nathaniel Saltonstall,
John
Wait Winthrop, John Usher, Jonathan Tyng-, Robert Mason, Richard Wharton, Dudley Bradstreet and John Hinckes.— When
Fitz Winthrop, the board f
I
| 1
Was
full,
twenty eight
-Eliot, p. 31.
Hutch. Hist. 316—1 Belk. N. H.
Doug. p. 430 Vol. I.
— He
gays
««
p. 186.
seven years.'*
60
J^Sedbj
grievous. Gov. An-
A.
i>. 1686.
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
578 politics,
had rendered
Province
;
and
his
his
name
odious to
character unpopular,
Massachusetts and Maine.
had now greatly enlarged
his
many among
mouth or Connecticut.
all
the
former
classes
Nevertheless, his master, James political
sphere,
commission of Captain-General and Governor his colonial dominions in
in
I.
in II*
by giving him a in Chief,
over
all
New-England, without excepting Ply-
;
Chap,
OF MAINE.
xxii.]
CHAPTER
579
XXII,
—Dutch — Urn* —Dutch upon Penobscot —Expelled—Andros succeeded by Dungan—He appoints ComSagadahock— Their measures—Andros commissioned missioners Governor of New-England— His administration —He plunders PemaIndians Castine 'Biguyduce— Has a parley with — repaired—His treatment of quid Orders fort — Garrisons Maine Indians — His —Andros and adherents thrown prison— Council of Safety — Government under Colony Charter resumed—James abthrone — William and Mary proclaimed— Government of Maine reorganized— War between France and England— Canadians — Nova Scotia subdued by Phips — His Policy of expedition Canada—First paper money — Charter of William
The French
in
Nova
Scotia and at Penobscot
there
brage taken by theFrench Governor
seize
to
at
at
the
the
there to be
the
established in
eastern expedition
into
his
II.
the
dicates the
the to
and Mary.
To
preserve the country of
Nova
Scotia, or Acadia, against k> D.
the incursions of adventitious invaders, the
French
session,* established forts at Port-Royal, Chedabucto, St. John's,
La Heve and Governor
French
;
Penobscot.
was pursued
and
in furs, peltry
and traders were multiplied
sionaries labored
Scot,a '
Mons. Mourillon de Bourg, acted as
a profitable trade
visitors
1670,
after a repos- Nova
;
fish
and the Jesuit mis-
with renewed zeal to christianize the natives.
In other respects the country, for several years,
was
treated with
great inattention ;f Canada appearing to afford the principal attractions to the enterprize of the French. Meanwhile, the whole coast between Penobscot and St. Croix remained untouched
by
the arts of culture and improvement, and almost without inhabitants.
The Dutch had
manifested early and great desires to share the The Dutch
North American coast with the English and French. cial in
they
their pursuits,
upon water * Ante, A.
privileges
;
and
knew how
to set
Commer-
an adequate value
after their treaty with
England, A. D.
D. 1668-9-1670, in Chap, xv.—Hutch. Coll. p. 489. Hut. p. 9 -Population only 900 whites in Nora
f 40 Univertal
—
Scotia,
;
[VoL.
THE HISTORY
580 A. D. 1674.
1674, being
at
still
I,
war with France, they despatched an armed
ship to seize upon the fort at Penobscot,
In the capture, there
The
success was not pursue
was a ed,
—
men on
loss of
both sides,*
the enterprize offered no considerable
The country was open and The Indian trade, masting and enterprize
was
New-England.
free
s
inviting to
various adventurers,
offered
fishing,
encouragements
and several small vessels were employed
;
The
in
a
between the Acadians, and the peo*
friendly intercourse and trade
pie of
—-and the pos-
was not long retained,
session acquired
to
gains,
cod-fishery upon the Acadian coast
and nothing interrupted the subsisting harmony and
mutual correspondence, enjoyed by de Bourg, and the inhabitants of
the A. P. 1675.
New-Hampshire, Maine and
the Duke's Province, until
commencement of king Philip's war.f enquiries how the Indians could be so
By
and supplied with arms and means
was
sufficiently ascertained that they
Acadian
tion of the
bation
;
generally equipped
assailing the
for
English
;
it
procured guns and ammuni-
traders, probably with the Governor's appro-
and the English
from
colonists,
this
circumstance, ven-
tured to accuse, or at least suspect him of instigating the Indians
De Bourg feci
De
t0 hostilities,
KCS Sjr
Bourg, affecting ^
be highly incensed towards
to
the authors of these surmises and invectives, strictly inhibited his
front-
people from having any trade or intercourse with the English
and ordered an impost of 400 codfish
to
be demanded and taken
of every vessel, found fishing upon the coast: and
number exacted,
to render the
their fish
if
they refused
and provisions should be
seized and taken from them.| Dutch again Penobscot,
Such was the
the peculiar antipathy generally entertained toward*
and manners of the French, that any seizure of
principles
their dominions,
might be well supposed, would excite gratitude
it
as well as pleasure
ed by
A D
1676
this
motive
among
—
the English colonists. Possibly influenc-
certainly
by a perpetual desire of possessing a
^ ne un0CCL1 pi e d region, the Dutch, again
in the
spring of 1676,
sent a man-of-war to Penobscot, and captured the cation there try.
;
But, as
determining this
Duke's Province turning,
;
now
to
fortifi-
was a part of New-England, and within the and as anticipations were entertained of
amid some future events,
* Hjjteh, Coll,
French
keep possession of the coun-
p, 464.
t
1
to the
Hutch, Hist.
p.
its
re-
English or their colonists, 280,
J
Hutch. Qoll
p,
489,
Chap, either sels
xxii.]
of MAINE.
581
by purchase, recession, or reconquest
were despatched
thither
To
from the peninsula.*
;
two or
three ves- A. D. 1670.
from Boston, which drove the Dutch
French
the
this
must have afforded
the greater satisfaction, because the English captors did not tarry,
but immediately abandoned the place,
These events and circumstances drew the nexion with other reasons induced him, possession of the country a.
a
man
rendered his conduct a subject of
He was
succeeded
and
in
con-
to take formal
1677,
1677.
°^ Jfr
^^
^ell
gada "
c
likewise, as previously stated,f to erect
whole administration, his aim
his
;
—
He was
Pemaquid.
fort at
in
Gov-a.d.
attention of
ernor Andres to his master's Sagadahock Province
in
the
at
of activity
monopoly
common
;
through
yet,
and usurpation,
animadversion.
government of
New-York and ^ ^
Sagadahock, August, 1683, by Col. Thomas Dungan
whose
;
^"JrS'suc-
Duke of York, was on the 30th of the pre- ed(^ g ceding September. Though a papist, inflexible as his master, he is reputed to have been " a man of integrity, moderation and appointment, by the
genteel
manners."!
liberty,
and was the
Assembly
He first
entertained
Governor,
correct
good sense and judgment.
When
notions of civil
who convoked
Province of New-York,
in the
b?
a Legislative
He was
a
man
of
a rupture of the eastern In-
dians was apprehended, in the government of
1684, his opinion was consulted by New-Hampshire, upon the wisdom and ex-
pediency of inviting the
Mohawks
into the public service.^
'
*
'
For,
though the French could neither subdue that brave people, nor them, he secured their friendship to the
treat with
English
this
year by treaty— which was succeeded, thirteen months and a A half afterwards, by another with the
a
16854
Abenaques before described.
Receiving his commission from the
Duke
of York, he was
unaffected by the demise of the crown, as before mentioned, Death of
Feb. 16, 1685
—
;
emoluments of the
exercising
still
office, until
same royal person, now James
the power and enjoying the
reappointed the next year, by the A D> II. In the confirmation of his
* 1 Hutch. Hist, p. 280,
9
truce 5
months.
the
—" We
—
are ready to meet your head-men, at any time
an ^ pl (ice y QU aPpoint, and enter into a treaty" On the 29th of November, at Sagadahock, a truce was signed & ° '
.
by commissioners from Massachusetts,
—
.
viz.
'
.
Majors Hutchinson
and Pike, two of the Assistants, and Capt. Townsend, Master of the Province sloop
;
and by six Sagamores, f
in
behalf of
* But Church says Converse went with him to Boston. 123.«-It was only a trip, |
p.
all
the
Expedition,
p.
129.
Warumbee, of These were NetonSomet, (or Nsitumbuit,) of Saco John Hag-kins, alias Kankamagus, of Penacpok Edgcre-
Androscoggin
;
;
;
—
— Chap,
of Maine.
xxiii.]
Abenaques
by
canoes
nor was
;
no
a conference of
it
beyond the
to continue
May. Still, they stipulated and agreed mean time to the English, to deliver up and on the first day of May, surrender Wells,
the others,
all
promised
—
to give the
first
in
do no injury
to
1690.
and was their
of the ensuing the
in
the prisoners present,
all
Storer's
at
garrison, in
They
and there make a lasting peace.
also
English timely notice, should the French plot
Ten
any mischief against them. leased, with one of
was, how-A.D*
it
less than six days,
Sagamores while they were
subscribed by the
finally
But
the Penacooks.
tribes, including
ever, preceded
627
whom, Mrs.
English captives w ere then reT
Rail, they parted very reluctantly,
because she w rote well and served them as a secretary. T
This was almost the only good fortune of the autumn, which could counteract the
fate of the
Canada expedition and
Never had Maine witnessed
discomfiture of the public.
Only four towns remained,
season.
and Appledore or the evidently
marked out
There were
in
Shoals
Isles of for utter
—
darker
Wells, York, Kittery,
viz.
and these, the enemy had
;
and speedy destruction.
and on each a watchtower
—
all
hewn
Wells' ear-
.
.
timber, with flankers,
rison.
of which were fortified, and might
One
be occupied and used as garrisons.
was Mr.
a
Four (owng reriiai,J -
Wells, between the present highway and the
beach, several houses, constructed of
strongest
the great
of the
and
largest
Storer's, situated near the old meeting-house,
—considered
and about 100 rods from the present one,
at
this
period a public fortification.
At
May
the time appointed,
1691, President Danforth,
1st,
by several gentlemen, besides some of
attended
and guarded by a troop of horse,
A
;
—being
But not one of them
evidently deterred, through
few of them, however, who were
brought
in
{
We
to enter
no remember the
'
we now give up two
*
the rest in ten
influence.
days?
captives
—To
;
upon a
time,'
—
treaty, according
said they.
and we promise,
try their
faith
c
But
to
still
certain, to bring
and honor, they were
Moxus, Toqualmot, and Watombamet, probably of Kennebeck. p. 358, where some of the names are differently spelt. Mather's JUagnalia, p. 529, 543.— 1 Coll Mas*. Hist. Soc. p. 104-5, 3d
met,
alias,
— See —2
French
neighborhood, were
by order of Capt. Converse, and asked, why the Sag-
amores were not present promise.
in the
ttrits.
1
Hutch. Hist.
— Sullivan,
p. 147.
D
Council, Ma>'
visited Wells, in anticipation of
meeting the Indians and forming a treaty.
appeared
his
THE HISTORY
628 then dismissed
A. D. 1692-
[Vol.
yet nothing more was seen of the Indians.
;
Hence, President Danforth and
his associates, thus disappoint-
ed, and despairing of a negotiation, soon returned to ising
as
he
consisting of June
I.
departed, to
35
send a reenforcement
York to
from the county of Essex.
soldiers,
prom-
;
Converse,
They
ar-
«ved June 9th; and in one half hour afterwards, the garrison was furiously heset by Moxus and two hundred Indians. Being
9.
repulsed, they presently withdrew and proceeded to Cape Ned- dock, in mt0 tne eastern service,
proceeded
to Pejepscot-falls.
who landed
Returning
to
at
their
Maquoit and
had a sharp skirmish with a large body of Indians,
—
which ex-
this
only deterred the Indians from their premeditated at-
it
tack upon the Isles of Shoals.
they diverted themselves the autumn,
in
Nothing was effected by
Capt. Sherburne was killed. pedition
they
vessels,
—
in
Unassisted
now by
the French,
roving through the country,
when
shooting individuals
alone,*
—and
during
robbing
or burning solitary houses. York
Their attempts upon the
assail-
village of
York,
in
the last and the
Spread along the
present war, had been remarkably delayed.
eastern side of Agamenticus river, near the margin of the salt
water,
it
frontier
was
in
some degree
settlements.
provincial
seats
of
It
sheltered from the
had been,
for
government and
many
enemy, by the
years,
justice,
one of the
and since A. D.
1673, had been favored with the able and pious ministry of Rev. Shubael Dummer.
Several houses were strongly
heart of winter.
by the enemy, Early
in
Unfortunately
to be
this
most favorable
the morning of
in
the
was the season, ascertained
for effecting
Monday, Feb.
5,
1
its
destruction
692, at the signal
* Dr. Mather, (2 Magnalia, p. 530,) says, " on Sept. 28th, seven persons ;" engaged, probably, in tak-
were murdered or captured at Berwick ing some of the remains from that place.
«'
and
fortified,
the people kept a constant and vigilant watch, excepting
—
— Chap,
xxiii.]
of Maine.
629
of a gun fired, the town was furiously assaulted
by
body of two or three hundred
a
ened by
Canadian Frenchmen
several
—
;
at different places, A. 0^1692.
led on
Indians,
The
taken up their inarch thither upon snow-shoes. the town
and embold-
of them
all
having
surprise of
was altogether unexpected and amazing, and conse-
more
quently the
A
fatal.
capture instantly ensued
scene of most horrid carnage and
and
;
in
one half hour, more than an
hundred and sixty of the inhabitants were expiring victims or
The
trembling suppliants, at the feet of their enraged enemies.
had the good fortune
rest
to
escape with their
lives into Preble's,
Harman's, Alcock's and Norton's garrisoned houses, the best
Though
town.
tifications in
for-
well secured within the walls, and
bravely defending themselves against their assailants, they were
summoned
several times till
we have shed
were
killed
dictive
the last
surrender
to
JYever, said they, never,
:
About 75 of the people
drop of blood.
yet despairing of conquest or capitulation, the vin-
;
destroyers set
fire to
nearly
the unfortified houses on
all
the north-east side of the river, which with a large amount of property
left,
besides the plunder taken, were laid
in
ashes.
—Appre-
hensive of being overtaken by avenging pursuers, they hasten-
ed
their retreat
into
the
woods
taking with
;
them
much
as
booty as they could carry away, and, as Doct. Mather says,* 44
near an hundred of that unhappy people," prisoners.
was now
hard destiny,
their
to enter
Nay,
it
upon a long journey, f amidst
a thousand hardships and sufferings, aggravated by severe weather,
snow, famine, abuse, and every species of wretchedness.
About one either
slain
by some of his
to his
or carried
away
it
has been supposed, were
Mr.
captive.
his surviving neighbors, fallen
Dummer was
dead upon
found
his face, near
own door being shot, as he was about starting on horseback make a pastoral visit. He was a well educated divine, now in ;
60th year
man
;
greatly beloved
by
his
charge; and so eminent a
of God, that Doct. Mather supposes, an appropriate
in his
emblem
coat of arms would have been, a lamb in a flaming bush.\
* 2 Magnal. \
half of the inhabitants,
p.
530-1.
f It is
supposed they were carried to Sagadahock.
His house was by the seashore, not far from the " Roaring- Rock."
He was year.
a graduate of
He
well educated,"
whose
Harvard College, A. D.
1656,
and married the same
was, one says, " not only well descended, well tempered and
—but
faithful ministry
settled
amoDg a people
strongly attached to him;
had been greatly blessed among them.
By
reason
Rpv. Mr. kilifd.
—
;
THE HISTORY
630 A. D. 1692.
[Vol.
t*
His wife, the daughter of Edward Rishworth, Esq. was among the captives,
soon sunk
mention
who
being heart-broken, and exhausted with fatigue,
But
in death.
and
truth
require the writer to
fidelity
place, an instance of Indian
in this
among
gratefulness,
several of a kindred character, occurring at other times in our
To
wars with the natives.
recompense the English
sparing
for
the lives of 4 or 5 Indian females, and a brood of their children at
some
Pejepscot, they dismissed
them
confirms the
also
went
effect a rescue
in
of
A
attack.
this
party
in-
of the
in pursuit
enemy
too late, however, to
;
of the prisoners, or to give the savages battle.
whom
In derision of the puritan ministers, towards full
circumstance
a
Portsmouth, as soon as the news reached the
stantly rallied at
place, and
—
Penacooks and the
opinion, that the
Anasagunticooks were concerned
several chil-
seven years, and returned
one of the garrison-houses
safely to
which
women, and
elderly
dren between the ages of three and
Romish
prejudices,
entertained
one of them, on a Suuday of dressed himself
their
the
march through
the ministerial attire of Mr.
in
the Indians,
greatest
antipathy
the wilderness,
Dummer, and
in
mock dignity, stalked among the prisoners, several of whom were members of his church a demon,' according to Mr. Mather's ;
view of him, The
mclan0"
SiSonof
York
^ ne
4
—
'
transformed into an angel of
m
raassacre
York and burning of
light.'
the town, were the
more
deeply anc extensively lamented, because of the antiquity and pre*
eminence of the place, and especially the excellent character of " were the "
" Many," says an eminent
people.
the
this
tears, that
occasion."
It
cotemporary writer,
were dropped throughout New-England on had experienced so
fatal
a blow, that the
remaining inhabitants entertained, afterwards, serious thoughts of
abandoning
it
altogether, while the
chusetts, in her
But Massa-
war continued.
administered to the people, by the
generosity,
hands of Captains Converse and Greenleaf, immediate of their distresses,
When
settled, he
" spent
lie
much
of his patrimony" in his
own
preached the ordination discourse from Psal. 80
relief,
support. c.
14 v.
was succeeded, A. D. 1700, by Rev. Samuel Moody— who continued in the ministry 48 years and whose fame equalled that of any gentleman of
He
;
the clergy in that age.
Hon,
— Greenleaf
p.
*
One
1765
1
s
Ecc. Hist.
JD.
Sewall.
—3
Coll. Jlass.
Hist. Soc. p. 10.
9.
of them was the famous Col. Jeremiah Moulton,
Coll Maine Hist. Soc.
p.
104.— See
ante,
who
A. D. 1690.
died, A.
D.
Chap,
of MAINE.
xxiii.]
with such
full
631
encouragements of protection, as determined them
Major
abide and risque future events.
to
was
appointed
Commander-in-Chief of the provincial
and of the three companies
in the eastern service,
Converse, Floyd, and Thaxter
A. D,
if>92.
Elisha Hutchinson militia,
under Captains
by whose united and prudent
;
conduct, the frontiers were so well guarded, and the posts so read-
corresponded with each other, through the
ily
parties, that
it
way by
usual
became impossible
the course of the spring,
in
medium
enemy
of ranging
to attack, in the
Several of the captives taken at York,
surprise.
were recovered
for the
by
a vessel sent for
the purpose to Sagadahock.
The
Wells was next the object of attack by the Indians.
among
habitants were dispersed ;
were
men
the fensible
affrighted, ran bleeding into the settlement,
commands
in
in
to the
be on their guard
way
to
vessels,
rnet
;
and
to the
command
a passen-
.
was seized by Indian
An army
Diamond,
spies
and dragged away
of about 500 French and Indians pres-
at the
capture of Falmouth
who was
— Labrocree, —and
Frenchmen of rank
;
a
examined Diamond, who
by mistake, or design, he
an-
lew
attended by Madockawando, Egere-
* Moxus, Warumbee, and several other Sagamores.
closely
for-
;
Captain
other French General, of some military reputation other
said
told
them what he knew;
They only,
there were in the garrison with
Capt. Converse, thirty brave men, well armed.
Flushed with
the certainty of conquest, they apportioned the soldiers, the inhabitants,
June5
much
and the whole night
ently appeared, under Burneffe, their superior officer,
chief in
9th, hav-
Mr. Wheelwright by name, the women and the children * Eg-eremet
j
]Q
the garrison, distant from the A * sajJ ed .
his hair.
;
before break of day, John
the shallop, on his 1
sloop a gunshot,
by
,lienj
anxious and trembling watchfulness.
Next morning, ger v
sloops,
from the woods
Converse
was passed
supply
two
cattle,
of an approaching enemy.
instantly issued
To
June
About the same hour, the
in all quarters, to
in- Wells de-
neces- ci^wi^
James Gouge, attended by a
Storer and
tunately giving the alarm
people
in
fifteen soldiers and 15
provisions,
shallop, well laden, arrived in the harbor, Friday,
ing on board 14 men.
—
then in Storer's garrison.
them and the people with ammunition and
commanded by Samuel
houses,
Converse and
while Capt.
sitous circumstances all
the fortified
was from Machias or Passainaquodd}-.
h
J
500 b rer.ch and Indians,
— THE HISTORY
632 A.D,
1G92.
[Vol.
of the town, the sailors, and the plunder,
made
the officers, the
when one
habited like a gentleman,
a speech in English to them, in
which he exhorted them
Sagamores, and
their host
be active and fearless
to
among
I.
tacked
;
;
assuring them,
English fortresses,
the
all
they courageously at-
if
would be
theirs
—
the heretics
must surrender. June
10.
Instantly raising a
hideous shout, they assailed the garrison
with great fury, and continued the assault during the day.
A
party constructed, in the meantime, a breastwork of plank, hay, posts and rails, over which they fired
upon the
only by a high bank, too far distant for
Being only
them on
a
fire
men
secured
vessels,
spring on board.
to
dozen rods from the sloops, they were able several times with fire-arrows
ing the flames, by wet
mops upon
to
set
the crews extinguish-
;
the ends of poles, and firing also
with an aim and briskness, which at length compelled them to with-
One
draw.
of the Indians, more daring than his fellows, then
approached with a plank
for a shield,
shot brought to the ground.
whom
a
marksman by
Next, a kind of
cart,
a single
and
rigged
trimmed, with a platform and breastwork shot-proof, was rolled forward from the woods,
when one of
till
within fifteen yards of the sloops;
the wheels sinking into the oozy earth, a
stepped to heave
it
and another taking
Frenchman
forward with his shoulder, and was shot dead, his place, shared the
same
The
fate.
firing
was continued upon the sloops with the repeated demand, surrender
!
surrender
!
—which was only
by loud laughter.
retorted
—
commander? "We have, You lie, cried an (said they,) a great many commanders." You have none but Converse, and we'll have him before Indian, At
night they called out, who's your
—
morning. June
11
scout of six men, sent by Capt. Converse, towards
-A-
awannock,
a
ing about the
few hours before the enemy
first
dawn of day, being Sabbath-morning
warily exposed, on their arrival, to
certain
great presence of mind, the corporal loudly
Converse, as these
was
if
few dogs
;
death.
at their heels, hastily fled,
The enemy
were un-
But with Captain
bespoke
near him, wheel your men around the are ours.
Newich-
appeared, return-
supposing
hill
and
Converse
and the scout entered the gates
unhurt.
The French gan
to
move
and Indians, now embodied themselves, and be-
with great regularity towards the garrison
;
when
'
Chap, one
xxiii.]
of Maine.
again, said he, and c
"
not a gun,
you are
...
'
fire
sighed a surrender
Captain's soldiers
of the
word
till it
they
English, fire
and fall
A
once.
blaze of
—"
:
*
utter the a. d. 169$.
close
all lie
three ranks,
on, brave boys;
discharged
—
Attern
—and
garrison,
—one
the whole
guns
their
ts
.?r .. u P° n Wells
the besiegers with
gave three hideous shouts
approached,
into
:'
As
do execution."
will
a firm step
body opening
dead man
a
crying out
in
633
—
at
all
was returned, both from the small arms
fire
and the cannon, some two or three of which were 12 pounders
women
the
;
handing ammunition, and. several
in the garrison
times touching off the pieces at the enemy. life
or death, and the repulse
It
was so complete,
was a
crisis
that the
of
attack
was not renewed.
One were
lying lashed together in the best
The enemy now
defence.
square, and
towed
filling
it
constructed a
vessels,
which
posture possible
for
18 or 20
feet
fire-float,
with combustibles, and setting them on fire 9
was
as far as
it
towards the sloops, in the
directly
safe,
current of the tide, and
To
was made upon the
farther attempt, however,
still
left
it
to
fleet
in
flames against them.
avoid or to extinguish this burning magazine, appeared im-
and
possible,
their
fate
But by the
inevitable.
interposition of
Divine Providence, as the anxious mariners viewed counter breeze was breathed upon them, which drove
on the opposite shore, where Completely worsted
in
it
every
split
and
effort
filled
it,
a fresh
it
aground
with water.
made, and unable by rea-
son of the levelness of the ground to undermine the garrison, the
enemy despaired of killed
none
in
the fort, and no
Some
mariners.
forcing or inducing a capitulation; having
more than a
of the enemy, however, after this proceeded
over the river and
made havock among
the cattle
leaders sent a flag of truce, and began a parley
Converse the most seducing terms, 1 want nothing oj
said he, *
The
one of the
single
you.''
dialogue was of this purport.
if
;
;
while
he would surrender.
A short
the
offering Captain 6
No,
1
dialogue ensued,* after
— Converse told them,
'
I
want noth-
Then if you, Converse* are so stout* why don't yot* come out* and fight in the field like a man* and not stay in a garrison* like a squaw?-— What fools are you! Think you, (said he,) my thirty are a 4 match for your five hundred? Come upon the plain with only thirty, and JVb, no* we think English fashion* (cried a grim In1 am ready for you.' dian), all onefool: you kill me me Wl you ; Not *o*—better lie
ing-
but
men
to fight'
1
—
1
Vol.
I.
—
67
—
Repulse of ibe"**
caemy
'
f
THE HISTORY
634 A,D.
which the Indian bearing the
1692.
A
fled.
and about ten
in the
enemy
I.
upon the ground, and
it
discharged
at intervals
evening, the
The good management
Incidents of 6 s (ge
threw
flag,
few scattering guns were
[Vol.
dusk,
till
withdrew.
all
and great bravery of Capt. Converse
'
*
and
his
men, and of the shipmasters and
A siege
exceeded during the war.
by a host against
had about liques,
the sequel no less a disgrace
in
animating and glorious to
to the one, than
enemy
Several of the
the other.
was
a handful,
and discouragement
fell
—one was
and
They
between the
suming Gov. Phips' admimstra-
It
;
fingers
and toes
;
|
leaving
him
die
to
t
which convened June
wounds
board of -
s
full
of lighted
of con-
in the agonies
Mary
Sir William
;
To
the
first
Sir
William,
subjects must be raised
French and Indians ought
to
;
Phips,
legislature,
representatives were
of Maine.
the two branches, stated that monies necessary
Majesties' eastern
war
eight
8,
Province
late
against the
A
hands
which the new administration commenced
this spring, in
^ e c h arter 0 f William and
from the to
his
cut deep gashes in the
by piecemeal
being commissioned the royal Governor. Junes.
slit
;
to the
fire.*
was
unc er
who
avenge his
Diamond,
stripped, scalped and maimed him
fleshy parts of his body, and then stuck the
torches
To
manual of indulgences.
and a printed
feet
Labrocree,
neck when found, a satchel inclosing Romish re-
his
death, the savages put their only captive, John torture.
were not
their crews,
of forty-eight hours, prosecuted
returned
in his
speech
defend their
to
and that the war
be prosecuted with more
A
board of war was established, y stem ' an d w tn renewed vigor. of three military men, for whom a stipend or salary *
consisting
was provided of £100 by
The Governor was
the year.
author-
ized by the charter, and advised by the legislature, to march the militia, '
The
if it
were necessary, against the common enemy.
eastern coast at this time
rovers and freebooters, fearful boldness. it is
was
infested
who were committing
Nor was
this the
wheres and shoot
e'rn
depredations with
only trouble.
well known, were eager to attain
tensive territory between
with piratical sea-
The French,
a repossession of the ex-
Sagadahcck and Nova Scotia, now em-
Englishman, when he no
see, that's the
—
best
Another exclaimed. J) n you, we'll cut you small as tobacco, 1 Haste then,' retorted Converse, ing. I want business.* '
*2 Math. Mag. t
p. 532-6.-2 Hutch. Hist. p. 67. Prov. Laws, p. 734. 5 Mass, Rec. p. 232
—
soldier.
before
—
morn-
Chap,
of MAINE.
xxiii.]
braced
in the
new
635
charter and overrun by the triumphant sav-
a» d. 1691.
ages.
To
enemy, and keep possession of the eastern coun- gj^jjj/'
fight the
Governor detached several companies from the
try, the
some enlistments, and commissioned Benjamin Major-commandant of the forces who himself July
issued orders for
Church, July
militia, "on,
5,
;
S.
company of volunteers and a party of friendly or prayThere was another enterprize, which the GoverIndians.
enlisted a
ing
nor had
and
in view,
special instructions
men, embarked at
"i
,
built
i
«.
.
Church and 450
i
determined upon a
the ground, he fort,
person, attended by Major
in
earlv in August, at Boston, for that place
^ Falmonth and taking off the great guns.* ,
mg
was the erection and establishment of a
Pemaquid.
strong public fortress at
The Governor
accomplishing which, he had the king's
for this
;
site
;
touch-
t
.
.
years before, by the Indians.
from highwater mark,f on the east side of the
above Pemaquid in
compass 747
wall
The form adopted was
point.
feet,
river, a
league
quadrangular,{
measuring around the exterior contemplated
the inner square, including the citadel,
;
being
108
feet
across.
The
building of the garrison
was committed
to the superin-
tendance and direction of Captains Wing and Bancroft, and was finished under Captain
March
;
two companies being retained to
Major Church was despatched, August 11, with
do the work.
the rest of the troops, on a cruise to Penobscot and other places quest of the
in
enemy
and the Governor himself returned to
;
Boston.
The
walls
were constructed of stone,§ cemented
in
lime-mor-
Their height on the south side fronting the sea, was 22
tar.
feet,
on the west 18, on the north 10 and on the east 12 feet;
and the great flanker, or round tower, at the south-western corner,
was
in height
29
feet.
[|
Eight feet from the ground, where
the walls were 6 feet in thickness, there * Church's 3d Expedition, t
Here the tide
\ Brit. |
Dom.
It is said to
\ 2 Neal's
was a
p. 133.
from 14
to 16 feet. in Am.tr. says, p. 166 M triangular." rise*
have taken 2,000 cart-loads of stone.
N. E.
p.
489.-3 Math. Maf.
p.
6S6-7.
,iam H«nry built at
In examining Femaquid.
near the old stockade-
Edmund Andros, and destroyed three The plat selected was twenty rods
by order of
pjj™*'.,
tier
of 28 port-
;
THE history
536 The
a. D. 1692. holes.
was
garrison
which
cost of
is
18 guns were mounted,
manned
The
finished
few months
in a
have been £20,000.
said to
six of
this
fortification
much
the people.
was thought by many, not
It
liable to
be captured, and might
the enemy.
in
and keeping
to
be
a
it
garri-
convenient post
Remotely
harbor, and
situated,
it
was
war, become a strong hold of
keep nominal possession
country, the expenses were altogether disproportionate.
was
was
answered no other purpose than
If the establishment
to protect a single
it
and even complaints among
dissatisfaction,
times of rupture.
in
the whole
nor a well chosen asylum for the retreat of
parties,
frontier settlers,
—
Fort William Henry.
soned, caused
for ranging
;
Between 14 and
which were 18 pounders;
with 60 men, and called
charge of building
u
[Vol.
entirely designed for the public good,
of the
But, as
it
many, on the other hand,
thought the objections arose from a reprehensible parsimony and shortsighted policy. Excursions
cfhurchat
The
expedition was immediately
Major Church, on landing with a party of
«nd°K€n°ue- Islands in beck *
known by his
the Indians
men on one
;
for
of the
Penobscot bay, now called " seven hundred acre
Isl-
and," was informed by two or three French residents, who were living with Indian wives and had families that a " great company" ;
of Indians, were on a neighboring Island [evidently Long
and] and, having descried the
had hastened away
Unable, without whale-boats,
their canoes.
yond
vessels,
the vicinity
to
of the peninsula; he took five Indians, also a
Afterwards,
in
men
in
fled
away
As soon
Teconnet.
in
their
away, burying themselves
in the
already on
fire, particularly
some
the flames
;
and returning
whom
he drove to the
canoes, up the river to
as they discovered
pursuit, they set fire to their
ern Expedition
Pema-
ascending the Kennebeck waters, he had a
skirmish with a party of Indians, some of
woods, while others their fort at
in
pursue them be-
quantity of corn, beaver and moose-skins, and returned to quid.
Isl-
huts in the
thickets.
his
and ran
Whatever was not
cribs of corn,
to Boston,
him and
fort,
he committed to
concluded
his third
£
East-
rendered memorable by no exploit of any
great moment.
The Sagamores were and
at the
same time,
highly exasperated by these enterprizes
greatly dissatisfied with the
* Church's 3d Expedition,
p.
131-137.
meagre
aid
Chap.
of maine.
xxiii/J
637 Madock- A
and recompense, they were receiving from the French. awando,
made
August,
in
a journey to
Quebec.
with Count Frontenac, he presented him with
D. iG92i
In an interview F renc h an d, English pris- J^Jre
five
oners, and received in return the reward expected. 1
also ?? a." isl
was
It
Maine.
*
agreed between them, that the Governor should send two ships of
war and 200 Canadians
to
Penobscot, and there be reenforced
by 2 or 300 Indians under Madockawando force,
of
when
;
and that the whole
conjoined, should proceed to destroy Wells, the Isles
of
Shoals, the plantations
Piscataqua,
likewise the town of York, and
including Kittery,
Fort William
then demolish
Henry. This enterprize was a topic of too much conversation kept a secret.
Nova
John Nelson,* appointed
Scotia by Phips, the Governor or
after the
commander of
vince, but being taken prisoner on, or after
now
from Boston, was tunity to talk with
in
To
1
Quebec.
communicate
that a
intelligence,
them
French
to
Nelson bribed two Frenchmen and
Boston,
frigate of
tured ship of 38 guns, to
Kendus-
up the Penobscot,' and drew from him some information.
sent a letter by
ment
the Pro-
passage thither,
his
all
which he informed the govern-
were about to be
le Poli,
Port-Royal and Penobscot,
eastern waters of
in
34 guns, l'Envieux, and for
a
Dutch cap-
under
sent,
Iberville,
the purpose of sweeping the
the vessels they could find
;
and that he ex-
pected, in his undertaking and movements, to have the cooperation
and assistance of the Chevalier Villebon, the French Gov-
Nova
ernor of
return, being
and the to
Scotia.
The two French
messengers, on
detected, were for their perfidy
patriotic
Nelson, for sending the
France and imprisoned
their
afterwards shot;
was transported
letter,
in the Bastile five years.
of the war, and not before, he returned home,
At
after
the close
ten years'
absence. *
He was
the son of William Nelson, and devisee of Sir
—
Thomas Temple,
3d series. John Nelson was one of the high republicans, who required Edmund Andros to surrender his administration. His letter to the Court of Massaformer proprietor of Nova Scotia.
chusetts,
was dated August 26th,
1
Coll.
1692.
Mass. Hist.
He
Soc. p. 136,
was made an eyewitness
to the
execution of his two French messengers, and expected the same
fate.
After he was transported, he was released from the Bastile, through the influence of Sir
Purbec Temple, [Eng.)— Eliot's Biog.
p. 332,
Nelson
ofjjjjj]*
Having opporMadockawando, he amused him with the prodetained
ject of settling a trading house at " Negas," [possibly
keag]
be
to
conquest
to
Uoslo »-
;
A.D.
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
638 Late
1692.
Fort Wii*
ed
autumn,
in the
Iberville, arriving at
Villebon and
by
Penobscot, was join-
body of Indians
great
a
;
and
with
its
pro-
all
ceeded to attempt the reduction of Fort William Henry.
ry.
1.
Struck
apparent strength, and finding an English vessel riding at
anchor under the guns of the
abandon the enterprize
the
fort,
commanders concluded
to
the Indians stamping the ground in dis-
;
appointment. A.D.
The
1693.
r
Jlrse hinds
SacoFon.
Major t
next spring, the intrepid Converse was commissioned a °d
Commander-in-Chief of the eastern
h e garrison soldiers and 350 new
in quest
at
enemy
of the
Pemaquid,
near the
falls,
at
was
;
he, with the
They
Piscataqua, at Wells,
at
:
the
;
French had
several of their principal
of Major
aid
August
11.
Sheepscot,
The
Hook and
Capt. Hill,
Indians were in distress
them
men were
to
feed on empty promises
detained
among
rom Passamaquoddy
tr jk es f
garrison, at
to
j
the English,
impatient to be released
on the 11th of August, thirteen Sagamoresf representing
a treai>.
Mo-
they feared an attack from the left
who were extremely
as prisoners,
at
themselves hunted to the mountains by
felt
the terrifying Converse
hawks
forces, including
ranged the country
Teconnet, and on the west side of the Saco,
erected a very strong stone-fort.*
and despair.
He
levies.
;
and
all
the
Saco, inclusive, came into the
new
Pemaquid, and negotiated a
treaty with the
commissfoners John Wing, Nicholas Manning, and
English
Benjamin
Jackson. The
In this the Sagamores conceded
termi
They
of England to
more than
in
former
make
;
and said they had been instigated by the French
war, whose interest they had determined to abandon
They agreed
forever.
to release
all
to resign unto the English inhabitants
captives without ransom all
their possessions
provements, and leave them unmolested and free of claims *
treaties.
declared their hearty subjection and obedience to the crown
;
to traffic with the English at the
The remains
which several
are
slill visible.
were
soldiers
It
and im-
all
Indian
trading houses, which
was a fortress of great strength in under Capt. George Turfrey and ;
stationed,
Lieut, P. Fletcher. f
Among
those
signed the treaty were Egeremet of Machias
who
;
Ma-
dockawando and Abenquid of Penobscot Wassambomet and Ketterramogis of Norridgewock Bomaseen, WenobBon " of Teconnet, in behalf of Moxus;" Nitamemet or Nitombomet, and Robin Doney of Saco; and ;
;
others.
;
Chap,
of maine.
xxiii.]
should be established
639
by government and regulated by law
and
;
A. D. 1G (J3.
have every controversy between the English and Indians decided in
due course of
justice.
parties, in faith of
treaty of perpetual peace
which the Sagamores delivered
who were
hostages,*
five
was a
It
and
by the most solemn asseverations of the
friendship, sanctioned
be exchanged
to
to the
English
any time, on re-
at
quest, for others of equal rank.f
A respite
from war and returns from captivity without ransom
must be themes and causes of uncommon joy, worn, bleeding, scattered and sinking the Indians been
and
This peace, had
themselves, might have been permanent
left to
For constant
lasting.
war-
to a people
in ruins.
as they
were
nothing but change,
in
they were soon tired with uniformity and perseverance, especially, if
anxious
attended with
toils
Prisoners had not
or dangers.
been taken by them of late without great difficulty, and plunder could not be easily obtained.
Count Frontenac, now engaged successful
a most bloody, though un- The
in
war with the Mohawks, or
home
the necessity of calling able to bear arms.
He
on board the royal
sickness
English
To
Francis Wheeler, prevented an attack.
ques and Tarratine tribes
would
in effect, as the
en the English
he employed
in
to
be
at
projects against
were Ze;J
M.
—
all
four or five
Sir
Abena-
their neighbors,
Quebec
;
and therefore from restoring
as the Indians
had
in
captives.
Fit instruments to effect his purpose
The
not the
under
Hostages, he told them,
their prisoners or fulfilling the treaty.
number of
and must
suffer the
his emissaries to dissuade the Indians
their custody a greater
were the French mis-
who were preeminent
in.
his
whom were
ardent
and
enthusiasts, always
bold
—
ready, with tearful eye, to preach from a text
in their
"
Thury and Vincent
it
*
is
no
sin to
One was
break
faith
Sheepscot John
;
with heretics."
f
See
X
There was one
this treaty entire.
at
creed,
that
another was the cousin of Madockawando
and a third the brother of Egeremet.
—2 Math. Mag. 512-3. — 2 Math. Mag.
Androscoggin.
p.
p. 557,
j esu ;t mis-
service, among* he
Thury, Vincent and Jaques Bigot and Sebastian Ralof
th*
greatly serve to embold-
were no great security or pledge, so long
sionaries.
fleet,
peace with
Count perceived,
their
side,
season, had
this
French-
peace?
Frenchman
every
to his assistance
was troubled on every
even have stood the siege of Quebec, mortal
Five Nations,' was under
4
lr,diaus-
[Vol
THE HISTORY
640 A. D. 1693
i.
Bigot had been a fong time among the Tarratines, and were well acquainted with their dispositions, language and habits. sent from France into the uits,
passed about four years
Canada
and
;
among
the tribes in the vicinity of
1693 chose Norridgewock
in
he dwelt 26 years.
Ralle,*
French colonies by the society of Jes-
His entire devotion
abode, where
for his
to the religious
interests
of the Indians, gave him an unlimited ascendancy over them. Villieu at
Another
select agent of Frontenac,
was Sieur de
was now appointed resident commander
who had
an officer
attacked by Phips his post, Indians destroy Dover,
He was
Penobscot.
acquired some merit at Quebec, when ;
it
was
and, what was an additional qualification for
he cherished an inveterate hatred of the puritans.
Determined
body
at
who
Villieu,
Penobscot.
open anew the
to
250
of
Indians,
sluices of war,
under Madockawando,
he collected a
Bomaseen, and
Toxus, who, on the 18th of July, again destroyed Dover,
New-Hampshire August 20. Other at-
returned to Piscataqua, August
them crossed over
tacks.
24.
York
when a
large
party of
into Kittery, with intent, manifestly, to
complete
20th,
At Spruce-creek they
the ruin of Maine. August
visit,
made
they
a bold attack
persons, and scalped in a barbarous
though
left
and
three,
killed
On
one, where they also took a lad prisoner.
of their
in
and, after plundering places further westward,
;
the
fifth
at
day
upon Kittery, slew eight
manner a
little girl
;
who,
bleeding and apparently dying, was found alive the
next morning, and ultimately recovered, notwithstanding her skull
was badly Seven
In-
dians seized.
fractured.
This sudden outrageous
violation of the treaty
ciple of plighted faith, rendered in the opinion
be.
When,
of an abused people, however severe such act might
therefore,
sauntered into the
new
Robin Doney and three of fort at
Nov.
19.
In the
his
companions
Saco, pretending great regret for
known
the late rupture, they being
custody.
and every prin-
any retaliatory act warrantable,
criminals,
were detained
in
same manner, Bomaseen and two other Indians,
November 19th, visited the command of Capt. March,
garrison at
Pemaquid, then under the
feigning themselves to be travellers
immediately from Canada, and strangers to the recent massacre.
But
they, being
to Boston.
serious
known, were
These
acts
seized,
and Bomaseen was soon sent
were not censured by government, though
minds have animadverted upon them with some * 8 Coll.
Mass. Hist. Soc. p, 250-2, 2d. series.
severity.
Chap,
of maine.
xxtii.]
To show French
what
641
and deceptions were practised by the
arts
upon the ignorance and
fanatics,
superstition of
the
A. D. 1694. Jesuit priestcraft *
natives; a few facts
may be
allowed here to be stated.
Bomaseen
versing with a clergyman of Boston,
Mary was
understand the Virgin
In con-
said, the
Indians
a French lady, and her son,
Jesus Christ, the blessed, was murdered by the English; but has
and gone
since risen
must avenge
to heaven,
his blood.
and
—The
who would gain
all
favor
his
taking a tankard, said to
divine,
him, Jesus Christ gives us good religion, like the good wine in this cup
drink
;
dians
;
God's book
;
—Englishmen give
the holy
Book
to you, in
hear you confess sell
said
pardons
God
them pure
it to
;
—
that
your own language.
this
is,
the best
Bomaseen and
good
to the
it
In-
we present
French priests
and take beaver for it. Englishmen never are free and come from God only. Then,
Bomaseen, Indians
glishmen's
and then give
it,
sins,
they
;
which holds
the Bible,
is
French put poison in
the
will spit
up
all
— —En-
French poison;
God.
accomplices were continued
confinement,
A. D. 1695.
and the hostages remained with the English, through the winter,
the Indians.
his
Being persons of
distinction, their
liberation
in
would have com-
manded almost any ransom, had the Indians any thing to pay. But such were their uncommon miseries, that humanity weeps Besides famine,
over them.
were the most wretched
among them.
in
sharers,
which
—
prisoners
was raging
Pushed forward by hunger and revenge, some of
them were able occasionally
to take
March, one of the
was
Saco
their English
a mortal sickness
soldiers
life,
or a
little
other acts of mischief were also committed,
fort
which were the height
of folly
:
For,
if
—
for
own
them
interest,
to cease
with extreme anxiety
itself
To ages,
filling relations ;
was
sent to the
—and then they might hope
eastern tribes
;
of our men, belonging to Fort William
Vol.
I.
May
Henry,
from the garrison.
68
for relief.
one of the host- a truce,
through whose influence a
in a flotilla of fifty canoes,
Island, situated a league
as
and even the community
mediate an exchange, Sheepscot John,
body of Indians
it
depre-
dations and to restore their captives according to the treaty, the return of them was
March.
acts
they would turn a deaf
ear to the deceptive French, and consult their
must be the wisest measure practicable,
In
plunder.
and another taken near
killed
20, met some at
Rutherford's
Here the Saga-
M ay 20.
—5
:
;
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
642 A. D. 1695.
mores confessed
I.
wrongs, released eight captives, and en-
their
tered into a truce for thirty days
;
promising to meet commis-
end of a month, and
sioners in the garrison at the
ratify the
treaty. June
A
A
19.
conference was subsequently had according to appointment
^^
parley.
;
to treat,
ruptly, departed.
The
after this, the forts
and
— We'll
frontiers
seized, July 6, near
t
was shot
killed at
Kit-
to
;
killed or taken captive,
Among
them, a soldier
and
wounded,'
Saco,' and four were killed
at
for
;
and carried to Canada
Saco-fort,
northern parts of New-England.
in the
9|
Soldiers
ab-
rising
were infested by prowling savages
and within three months, about 40 were ge
more; and
talk no
parley was thus fraught with danger
Major Hammond, who belonged
through the summer.
was
the English prisoners were
you have not brought Bomaseen, Robin
for, said they,
Doney, and our friends
tery
till
This pre-requisite was thought by the Sagamores
produced. unfair
Hawthorn and
e Commissioners, Col. Phillips, Lieut. Col.
Major Converse, refused
six
at
m
Pemaquid, Sept.
Pemaquid.
9,
they were rowing a gondola around a
as
high rocky point, above the barbacan opposite to the garrison.
A
^ive montns a fter tms
D. 1696. 6
chu'bb
kiiis
>
Egeremet, Toxus, Abenquid, and a
°f tne * r associates, came into the same garrison, Feb.
P arty
[1696], for the purpose, as they
Indiana?
Pemaqmd
The commander
of prisoners. '
whose men were not yet
fully
said, at
this
time was Capt.
Chubb,
healed of the wounds, they had late-
Their resentments were also inflamed by the recol-
ly received.
lection of those,
who were
actually slain
in the midst of the parley, they
suddenly
same time
at the fell
;
and
upon the Indians,
Egeremet, Abenquid, and two others, and took some of
killed
them prisoners
;*
Toxus and
a few of his
more
effecting their escape, to tell the awful story, to the flames of war.
nowise
had
16,
of effecting an exchange
justifiable
comrades
was a shameful breach of good
It
by the perfidy
previously violated
athletic
and add new
the
treaty
fuel
faith
of the Indians, though they
they had signed.
To
kill
emissaries in the midst of negotiations, for their fellows' crimes, is
an act unknown even to the worst of savages
;
for they
never
murder during a parley. If the conduct of Captain March, 1 months before, was blameworthy ; Chubb richly deserved all the * Charlevoix
complains of
[
3
vol. JV*.
this act.
F.
p.
233.] says, three
were sent
to
Boston.— He
.
Chap,
xxiii.]
of MAINE.
643
censure, a sensitive public was disposed so liberally to reflect A. D.
1696.
upon him.
There was nothing of Major
Hammond
cheer
to
and about
except the
this spring,
thirty captives
return
late
from Canada.
G gp®jves
In returned—
June, upwards of twenty people were slain or taken about Ports-
houses were — wives who were —Thomas Cole and
mouth
—
5
men and
three
also
York
passing from
sisters, in
sailed
burned
several
to
two of the
his wife,
their
Wells were assix,
being shot
down, the others barely escaping a second discharge.
now become
Fort William Henry had
a noted public garrison. The French c^gsi^ii
The French
conceived
and resolved
adia,
it
controlled
reduce
to
despatched from Quebec, with two panies of soldiers,
—
this
purpose, Iberville was
men
of war and two com-
directed to form
and a company of 50 Mickmaks,
Ac-
upon
Fort WiF-
ham HcHry
For
it.
the western parts of
all
a junction with Villebon
at St.
John or Port Royal,
also
with Castine and his Indians at Penobscot, and drive the English
from the garrison. that about the
It
was
unfortunate as
as
same time, two
stores
from Boston
supposed
to
the bay of
for
was
accidental,
British ships, the Sorlings, Captain
Eames, and the Newport, Captain Paxen, der, sailed
it
also the
Fundy,
be on their passage from
Province ten-
to intercept
Quebec
the
to Villebon.
For, as the two squadrons met and encountered each other in the bay, the Newport, in the engagement, lost her topmast and sur-
rendered and
the other two were, under the cover of
a fog,
only able to effect their escape.
Reenforced by
which
this prize,
he and Villebon, with
his
taking on board at Penobscot,
lowed by 200 Indians*
Iberville repaired at St. John,
Mickmaks, proceeded
in
to
Pemaquid
Baron de Castine, who was
canoes.
The whole
;
fol-
force invested
when Iberville sent Capt. Chubb a sumBut as he had 15 guns well mounted, 95
the garrison, July 14th,
mons
men
to surrender.
double armed, and abundance of ammunition and provisions,
and was able soldiers
;
—he
to stand a long
siege
against treble his
number of
promptly replied, 1 shall not give up the fort,
though the sea be covered with French
vessels,
and
the
land with
* Charlevoix, (3 vol. JV. F. p. 260-2,) says Castine was with 200 savages and Iberville distributed presents to them. In the assault the French lost two men, killed by pistols and two others, whose lives cost the English ;
" tens of two."
July 14.
*
T1,E
(544
a
.
d. 1696.
July
wild Indians,
Hence
closed the
day.
first
[Vol.
history
few discharges of musquetry and cannon
a
Before the next morning, the French landed
15.
rendersThe
garmou.
mortars
and by three
;
batteries, as to
be able
throw
to
cannon and
their
afternoon, had so far raised their
in the
or
five
bombs
six
into the fort.
means
Amidst the consternation these occasioned 3 Castine found convey a
to
letter to
i.
Capt. Chubb,
him
telling
'
he delayed a
if
an assault was made, he would have to
*
surrender
*
Savages, and must expect no quarter, for Iberville, according
c
to the king's order,
effected
till
that
all
was
;
the
terms of capitulation stipulated, by
were
be conveyed
to
dians returned
from
;
and
chamade was
w hich r
till
all
their removal, they
The
gates
beat,
and the
within the
garrison
many French and
Boston, and as
to
injury and insult.
all
This menacing address
to give none.'
was desired
deal with
were
to
In-
be protected
were then opened, when
the Indians, finding one of their people in irons, were so ex-
asperated by the story of his sufferings and of Chubb's baseness the
to
cred
others
of
companions,
his
that they
massa-
actually
once, several of the English soldiery.
at
To
preserve
the rest of the prisoners from falling victims to wild, ungoverna-
removed them
ble resentments, Iberville
to
an Island and placed
around them a strong guard. Chubb Cashiered.
The French supposed that the garrison, through cowardice, luD b to capitulate against his will. But he was himcom p e n e(
Q
j
self
censured with great severity,
rest, tried
achievement.
—The
fortification,
immense sum of money, and garrison
it
—and afterwards put under
The French
and cashiered.*
ar-
great
—
of that day
to build
it
4 years, was now plundered by the captors, and
They
Penobscot, where they continued
for
a
this
which had cost Massachusetts an
in the estimation
then for the most part demolished.
July 18.
thought
till
set
sail
on the 18th,
September 3d
inciting
;
the Indians to a renewal of hostilities.
When
Major ith
the
SomeiT
P rener, ded,
proeeedg
ward way.
news of
me French
arrived
To
resist or
The revenge
by killing
-
at
Boston,
it
and Indians might proceed as
as Piscataqua, and take or destroy
all
that
might
was apwest-
far
fall in
their
encounter them, therefore, Massachusetts im-
mediately raised 500 *
this disaster
men
;
and Lieut. Gov. Stoughton,
Com-
of the Indians was satiated upon Chubb, in Feb. 1693,
hiin at his residence in
Andover.
f
Chap,
J
;
of Maine.
xxiii.]
645
mander-in-Chief, since the reca] and subsequent death of Gov. a.d. Phips, gave Benjamin Church, August 3d, a commission
by
1696.
August
3.
which he was appointed Major-commandant of the expedition.*
At Piscataqua, forces
;
and Larkin,
their
he concentrated his
place of rendezvous,
his
Graham, Brackett, Hunnewell,
assigning to his Captains,
rank and duty, and despatched to Col. Ged-
ney, at York, a reenforcement of his Indian soldiers, for the de-
Several days elapsed ere
fence of that town and the vicinity.
Major Church heard a
enemy
of the
lisp
and consequently
;
concluded he had gone eastward.
A
men
squadron of three British
of war, the Arundel, the a
Orford, and the Sorlings, furnished with militia marines, and attended by a merchant ship of ship, proceeding to sea,
enemy
to see the
set
was only able
sail.
The
to
20
squadron the
to
serve as enemy!
guns, and a fire-
reach Penobscot
was pressed
pursuit
and the next morning the squadron
men
in
time
dark
till
a thick fog, lost sight of
in
the Frenchmen, and returned, bringing to Boston a shallop taken,
which had on board Villeau and 23 French
French
ships
visited
St.
peninsula, also
great
The
soldiers.
John and the southerly ports of the
Cape Breton, and
finally
New-
reduced
foundland to the dominion of the crown.
Major Church, the
qua
;
and
Island
after
From
Monhegan.
when
scot bay, and
heights], he took in
and up the
last
week
in
August, embarked
came
ranging the eastern coast,
abreast " Mathebestuck Hills" [or
John York,
to pilot
that
when he was
little
Island
50 or 60 miles up the
which was a place of general or Old
Town]
;||
and
resort,
in the vicinity
Camden
him through these waters
oner with the Indians, four years before, they had a
upon a
at Piscata- Church^s-
anchor at the
place he proceeded into Penob-
this
York informed him,
river.
to
a pris-
fort
built
river at the
falls,
[probably the Island Lett,§ they " planted a great quan-
of corn." Church and his men ascended the river to the " Bend, "IT then leaving their boats travelled on the western side
tity
two or three miles, passing places where the Indians had dwelt. * Church's 4th Eastern Expedition, |
Church's 4th Eastern Expedition,
p.
138-157.
p. 141-2.
Hutch. Hist. p. 06-90. § Penhallow's Indian Wars. For the pilot told Church " there was no getting- to it, but in canoes, *< or on ice in the winter time ;" and " there was no getting- further with « large boats." T At Eddington. I 2 I)
Penobscot.
THE HISTORY
646 a.d.
1696.
excursion, they killed and
In this
[Vol.
wounded
four or five Indians,
and took another, who told Major Church, the
had gone
to
men
Canada, and the French were about
selves, at the
mouth of
I.
the river St. John.
of the tribe
them-
fortifying
On
he
his return,
found, in different places, abandoned habitations, fields of corn,
and patches of turnips and pumpkins, particularly on the
Penobscot [now Orphan Island]
and
r"
and took considerable plunder;
homeward, he was met
«eded?
sa ^
Sept. 28
Sept. 28, gins, the
by
in the
waters of the Passamaquoddy,
a squadron from Boston, the Arundel,
Capt. Hig-
to Col.
though superseded,
submissive
lebon from the garrison at St. John. attended with no success, and the
|
A.D.
1697.
A suffering
drive Vil-
was
enterprize
At Saco,
Maine, they
in
made
constantly liable to lose their lives, or be
the hands of lurking savages.
winter.
But the
and
orders,
to
fleet returned.
Wherever there were any remaining people
W ere
the
Hawthorn, one of the Council.
was
joined the squadron, which proceeded with intent to
killed at
;
of the whole expedition, including the forces under
Major Church, being given
October 13
made under
yet, while
Province galley, Capt. Southwick, and a transport
command Church,
;
the settlements on the north shore of that bay, he
a
Fundy, and great destruction
of
bay of Fundy.
sailed for the
Among
Church
Isle
below which he reembarked
five
captives
by
of the soldiers,
October 13th, were killed;* and the winter of 1696-7 was a
most trying one, as well
to savages as
to their
unransomed
pris-
oners ;f it never having been more intensely cold in New-England, nor the scarcity and price of provisions greater, since the arrival of the first colonists. July
The
4.
Indians having entertained a great antipathy towards Maj.
ant/wife™* Frost of Kittery, ever since the 400 were arrested at Cocheiciiied. CQ . anc determined to imbrue their hands in his blood ; a party j
secreted themselves on the
way
side, five miles
large log, in
green boughs.
was the Lord's day, July
It
from
his
house,
which they had stuck a row of
by hiding under a
4, 1 697.
They
mitted his two sons, returning from meeting, to pass unhurt
aiming their guns
at
and
him, his wife and an attending footman, they
* 2 Mather's Magnalia, |
;
per-
p.
550.
— 2 Hutchinson's History,
p. 95.
In the winter of 1697-8, likewise, " many, both Indians and English
prisoners
were starved
hunting-,
ate their dogs and cats,
«
to death."
—2 Math. Mag.
—
" Nine Indians,'* p. 556 and then' " died horribly famished."
Chap,
of Maine.
xxiii.]
three at the
killed
all
public
spirit.
He
;
and
the fourth time,
Yorkshire regi-
of the
Two young
preceding his death, he was,
at the election
chosen into the Council of Massachusetts
and Maine, united under the
late charter.
men, going with the
tidings to
waylaid and killed on their return
;
also
a
Four men, who were mowing
York.
tive in
A. D. 1G97.
was one of the Provincial Council under Danforth's
administration for
was a man of piety and
Several years, he had represented his town in the
and been Major-commandant
legislature,
ment.
He
shot.
first
647
Wells garrison, were
man was in
Mischief at
taken cap- York/Ber-
Nevvichawannock
saco'.
meadows, were next attacked with the tomahawk, three were cut down,
slew him.
hay
ting
carried
much
and the fourth,
A man
in the
away
personal encounter with a savage,
in a
standing sentry, while his neighbors were get-
marshes of Wells, was shot down, and another,
half a league,
was roasted
the object of savage vengeance,
petually under the eye of lurking spies.
small party went upon
Cow
to death.
seemed
Saco-fort, so
to lie
Lieut.
almost per-
Fletcher and a
Island to procure fuel,
where three
of his men, while cutting wood, were killed, and he and his two sons, acting as sentinels,
were seized and carried down the river Discovered by Lieut. Larrabee
one of the Indians' canoes.
in
and a few
soldiers,
on a scout, three of the Indians
most canoe, were shot and
in
the fore-
into the water, others being killed
fell
or wounded, and one prisoner rescued.* It
was now rumored,
French were determined
that the
prove their good fortune of the
last year,
to
im-
aquid, the Island of Newfoundland, and the repossession of
Scotia
;
and therefore, were about
make
to
send a large
fleet to
Nova Amer-
sweep upon the waters and employ 1500 French and Indians in the work of universal destruction upon the New-England frontiers. These were prodigious enterprizes, and excited fearica,
with orders to
coasts as far as
ful
Boston;
apprehensions.
a general
and
ened and supplied
to
Massachusetts adopted the earliest and best
possible measures for defence. ;
the militia
All fortifications were strength-
were put upon the
rolls
of minute
men and a force of 500 soldiers was placed under the command of Major March, a popular and prudent officer, who was ;
* tive
Humphrey Scammon,
Projects of
which gave them Pem- aSSS?*
his wife and two sons were carried away capfrom Saco into Canada, where they were detained till the next year.
[Vol.
THE HISTORY
648
A. D. 1697. directed to protect the eastern forts
fleet
did arrive at Newfoundland, July 24th, but
and every part of the enterprize
March ranged
Sept. 9. at-
men
his
tacked at
Damaris-
body of
But
Indians,
It is true,
a
French
proceeded no
it
failed.
September
the eastern coast, and,
Damariscotta.
at
by ranging par-
frontiers,
and by every other possible expedient.
further,
March
and
ties,
ere they
were
9th, landed
fully ashore,
a
unawares, from their covert, with the
rising
cotta.
usual war-whoop, poured in a
full
volley
upon the troops
;
—
in-
stantly receiving a repulsive charge, as well aimed, which drove
them
woods
either to the
Our
behind them.
loss
or to their canoes, leaving their dead
was about 12 or 13
killed
and as many
—
wounded ;* a bloody skirmish, which closed this year's predatory war in Maine. The glad news of a peace, concluded at Ryswick, September
Peace of Ryswick,
11th, between England, France, and the nations engaged with
Sept. 11.
them
It
was an event much more
belief entertained, that
it
open part
in hostilities,
war
m
were
would close the avenues of blood
in
take any
1
heretic puritans' worried or destroyed
Several acts of their barbarity and homicide,
committed
^act ?
could no longer
in
the succeeding spring at different
places ;f but the last and only instances of Indian ferocity in Maine, during the year, 1698, occurred at Spruce-creek (Kit-
*
Ms)-
by the savages.
because of the devout
though they might take some malignant
satisfaction, in seeing the
he 2d°indian
joyful,
The Canadian French
America.
A. D. i:98.
Decem-
war, was proclaimed in Boston, on the 10th of
in
ber.
Here an
tery).
9.
his
life
His two sons, giant,
old
man was
was taken by a
who
is
also,
were hurried away
murdered,
into
own
and was endeavoring
May
9
;
for
had surrendered
in
:
But the
captivity.
reputed to have been seven feet
a few hours, shot dead by his rel reversed,
literally
gigantic savage, after he
height,
was, in
gun, as he grasped the barto pull his
canoe towards him
at the shore. October
14.
The
Indians gave intimations, at our outposts, in the
wiMafpe- months, of their desire for peace. nobscot.
A
summer
conference was holden at
Penobscot, Oct. 14, between Commissioners from Massachusetts, viz.
* 2 j-
Major Converse and Capt. Alden, and Mather's Magnalia,
six
p. 553.
See the story of Hannah Dustan.—2 Jlalh. Mag.
Hist. p. 101.
Sagamores, at-
p.
550-2.
—2
Hutch.
Chap,
of maine*
xxiii.]
number of
tended by a great songs of peace
though then
;
in
649
These sang the mourning for Madockawando
their
Indians.
and " several other Sachems of the east"
—who had
A. D. 1693.
lately fallen
victims to " the grievous
unknown disease, which," according They said, to Doct. Mather, " consumed them wonderfully." Frontenac told them, there was to be war no longer, and all prisoners must be released
;
and they had resolved
to
fight
no more.
In the parley, the Commissioners insisted upon a return of all the prisoners, and a removal of the resident missionaries
nobscot,
and Androscoggin
Norridgewock,
made, would be violated as heretofore through
They
replied, the white prisoners will
with their Indian friends
a
lest
;
at
Pe-
treaty,
if
their instigation.
be free to go home, or stay
but the good Missionaries must not be
;
driven away.
The Commissioners from galley,
and A
Massachusetts, Col. Phillips
Major Converse, taking passage from Boston
in
the Province
treaty
Mare-point,
met the Sagamores of Penobscot,* Kennebeck, Androsat Mare-point [now in Brunswick] ; and on
coggin and Saco,
Au- A D They cast many reflectheir own follies and offen-
the 7th of January, 1699, signed and ratified the treaty of
16gg
gust 11, 1693, with additional articles.
upon the French, and confessed
tions
ces to be great
;
saying,
1
we do most humbly throw
*
upon the king's Majesty and mercy, and ask
*
protection.
*
fulfil
We
renew our allegiance
every article
in
to
him, and promise to
the recited treaty.' ;
the rest were to be restored
in the spring.f
had been, from time
—
All the prisoners
among whom was Bomaseen, and
present were then exchanged
scalps
ourselves
pardon and
his
Great numbers of
to time, carried to
Canada,
for
In this long and bloody war, which lasted ten years, tribes
all
the
eastward of the river Merrimack, inclusive, without excepting
even the Mickmaks, were partakers, either of the influence
of
the
French.
The
Canibas, the most reluctant, to
make
self-will or
through
Sokokis and Anasagunti-
cooks were the most forward to commence peace.
* Those of Penobscot not expressed but included.
hostilities,
War
—2
is
NeaVs
and the always a E.
p.
Bomaseen and two others were on board the galley, who were not till the English captives were delivered.— 5 Mass. Eec.
p.
559— 561.— 2 Math. |
which
French government gave considerable premiums.
the
JMag.
p.
be restored 582.
Vol.
I.
JV.
556-7.
69
to
Ineidenti of the war*
J
THE HISTORY OF MAINE.
650 A. D.
1699.
(ToL.
heavy tax upon the population of the Indians.
Fights,
1.
fatigue,
famine and sickness, occasion wastes which the natural increase
among them
For
seasons of tranquillity never repair.
in
scalps
and plunder they chiefly received arms and ammunition from the
French
—
not unfrequently provisions and wages, and always en-
Yet the Indians, on the whole, gain nothing by
couragement.
war, and the English lose everything but their character. the
If Losses.
people in Maine had some public garrisons, several
stockaded
and a great number of
forts,
ed of timber, shot proof site angles,
and
to
fortified
exterior entrenchments
also
houses construct-
musquetry, with flankers at oppo;
—
these could not
withstand a long siege, a few of them only remaining undemolished.
They
afforded tolerable asylums
uncomfortable
possessions
their
no more.
of
Shoals,
number of domestic
animals,
Kittery
untold
were, however,
mer war were
i
;
returned
departing,
were overrun
;*
and an a rapa-
dwellinghouses, in proportion to other losses,
now
murdered,
tottering
in
standing, than in
some of whom perished of famine, hardships
few however, who were captured
in
wounds
into
;f
captivi-
or disease.
A
becoming
their childhood,
attached to the society of the savages,
them, and never would leave the
the for-
About 450 people
ruins.
killed in battle or died of their
and as many as 250, were, during the war, carried ty
were
was destroyed by
unconsumed and
left
—though
either
Isles
More
cious enemy.
walls.
and
destroyers,
but
;
much were Many resigned
so
;
towns and settlements, except Wells, York,
All the
and the
the
to
inhabitants
families
for
crowded when within the
people
the
dwelling-places
for the
chose to remain with
tribes.
* Assacombuit, himself a bloody warrior,
it is
said,
had «
killed
aud tak-
war 150 men, women and chidren." 558.— But he and JWaZ, [2 vol. JV. E. 544-562] f 2 Mather's MagnaHa, are too low. By enumeration our loss was more than 700. Several Indian women, suffering- with hunger in the late | An Anecdote. " en in this
—
war, and seeing- horses upon the peninsula of Casco, requested their for we, said they, want some roast husbands, to shoot a few of them, One, driven into a corner, was caught, which a young Indian meat.' '
wished to have the pleasure of riding.
The mane and
twisted into a halter, and the savage mounted.
tail
were dipt and
Fearful of being thrown,
he had his feet tied fast together under the body of the horse when the unbroken animal being let go, galloped off with such furious speed, that both were presently out of sight, and nothing was ever found of cither, except ;
one of the
rider's limbs,
which the Indians buried
in
Capt. Drackett's cellar.
—
APPENDIX. No.
1.
LETTERS PATENT TO SIEUR DE
JV10NTS,
November
Lieutenant General of Acadia and the circumjacent country,
King of France and Navarre
the Grace of God,
Henry, by
To
:
our dear and well beloved the Sieur de Monts, Gentleman in
ordinary of our Bed-Chamber, Greeting. labor, since to
1603.
8,
from UEscarboVs History of New- France.]
[Translated
maintain and preserve
splendor
;
to
it
in
—moved hereunto above
all
assistance of God, the
Kingdoms and
States
being long informed of the
Acadia;
territory of
we have taken with
the aid and
Author, Distributor and Protector of
all
be converted, brought over and
to cause to
;
may be done,
by a peculiar zeal, and a de-
things
vout and firm resolution, which
and
dignity, greatness
and condition of the country and
situation
care and
and always has been, lawfully
far as
We,
;
is,
ancient
its
extend and enlarge, as
the boundaries and limits thereof
—As our greatest
Crown
our accession to this
instructed in Christianity, and in the belief and profession of our
Faith and Religion,
—the people who inhabit that
ent a barbarous race, atheists, without
draw them from the ignorance and Having
infidelity
trafficked
who
and
with the people
profitable,
for the great
who
are found there, long
convenient and useful
may be
mer-
to us, to
will
accrue from the great
frequentation and connection with the people there
and commerce which may by
—We,
understood
our States and
and occupancy of those places,
and apparent benefit which
and negotiated.
to
a long time ago have visited, frequented and
subjects, the possession, residence
fick
;
wherein they now are.
also from the reports of Captains of vessels, pilots,
chants and others,
how
country, at pres-
Faith or Religion
this
means be
for these causes, fully
,
and the
traf-
safely carried
on
confiding in your great
prudence, and in the knowledge you possess of the quality, condition,
vers
and situation of the said country of Acadia
voyages, travels and
visits
and others, neighboring and circumjacent, this
you
our
resolution
;
from the
di-
you have made into those parts,
— assuring
ourself that
and intention being made known unto you,
will be able attentively, diligently,
and not
less
valorously to execute, and bring to the perfection
have expressly appointed and established,
— and
courageously and
we
desire
;
we
by these presents
;
652
APPENDIX.
own hand, we do
signed with our
country,
in the
—and within
may be
thereof, as far inland as
to represent our person
and confines of Acadia, from
coasts
territory,
the 40th, to the 46th degree,
make, constitute
appoint, ordain,
and establish you, our Lieutenant General,
extent, or any part
this
practicable,
to establish,
and make known our name, power and authority, subject, cause to submit
and obey,
and circumjacent country edge of God, and it
to the
the people of the said land,
all
move and
in
stir
them up
the exercise and
and
;
other
knowl-
possession of
maintain, keep and preserve the said people, and iting said places
all
to the
of the christian faith and religion
light
and
there,
extend
thereunto
and by virtue hereof, and by
;
lawful ways, to call, instruct,
to establish
— and
and
in peace, quiet
there, as well by sea as by land
be executed every thing which you
it,
to
others inhab-
tranquillity
to
command
determine and cause to
to order,
;
all
judge can and ought to be
shall
keep and preserve the said places under our power and authority, by the forms, ways and means prescribed by
done
to maintain,
And
our ordinances. point, establish
your assistance in the premises, to
for
and constitute
all
of war, as in justice and policy, in the thence in future tion
;
and
to
to give
ap-
necessary officers, as well in affairs first
nominate and present them
such commissions,
titles
instance, to us for
and from
our approba-
and grants as
shall
be
necessary.
And
as circumstances shall require, yourself, with
the advice of
prudent and capable persons, to prescribe under our good pleasure, laws, statutes and ordinances,
(conformable to ours as far as
may
be) especially in such matters and things as are not provided for by these presents
to treat,
;
and effectually contract peace, alliance and
confederation, good friendship, correspondence and communication
with the said people, and their princes, or others having power and
command treaties
on
their
over them
;
part
faithfully
make open war
keep and carefully observe the
to maintain,
and alliances you
shall
stipulate
observe them
;
against them, to compel
such reason as you
shall
judge
in
default thereof to
and bring them back the honor,
for
fit
with them, provided they
and
to
obedience and
service of God, and the establishing, upholding and preserving our said authority
yourself and
among them
all
and communication peaceably
;
to grant
;
them
favors
and frequent them by
security, liberty,
all
to negotiate,
employments and honors. will,
at least to visit
;
our subjects, in
and
traffick
frequentation
there, amicably
and
and privileges, and bestow on them
Which
entire
and ordain, that you have over
all
power above-said, we
also
our said subjects, and others
APPENDIX.
who
shall
remove and inhabit there,
in the said places
what you
self fit
for
to traffick,
to hold, take, reserve
;
and
shall wish,
shall see
—
and
to give
your-
them such
to
fit,
titles,
according
and merits of the people of the country or
to the rank, condition
especially to people, cultivate,
;
to
parcel out such parts and
attribute
honors, rights, powers and faculties as you shall see
others
and reside
trade,
be most convenient and
to
To
your rank, condition and use.
portions of said lands,
and
and appropriate
and cause the said lands
to
be settled the most speedily, carefully and skilfully that time, places
and conveniences
made
will
permit
to this end, to
;
make, or cause
to
be
and examination, of them, along the extent of the seacoasts, and other countries of the main land, that you shall the discovery
order and prescribe, within the said limit of the 40th degree to the
46th or otherwise, as
and all
to dig for
;
along the said seacoasts,
carefully to search after
:
mines of gold and
sorts of
minerals
may be done
far as
main land
into the
and
and
to distinguish
copper and other metals and
silver,
and purify and
collect them,
refine
them
we have directed in the edicts and regu* lations that we have made in this kingdom, the profit and emolument thereof, by yourself, or by those you may appoint for that puruse
for
pose,
;
to dispose of, as
—reserving unto us only the tenth part of the produce of the — appropriating yourself our portion of the
gold, silver and copper,
to
other metals and minerals, to aid and relieve you in the great expen* ses,
which the said charge may bring upon you.
your safety and comfort, and
go
to those parts,
generally
all
and protection, forts, places,
and
others,
for that
shall dwell
who
and
—we authorize you
Meantime,
our subjects,
traffick in the
who
for
shall
said lands,
as
to build
and construct one or more
other houses, dwellings and habita*
all
tions, ports, havens, retreats
all
place themselves under our power
shall
towns, and
of
and lodgements that you may consider
proper, useful and necessary to the execution of the said enterprize
;
them and to employ, the aforesaid purposes, vagabonds, idje and dissolute per-
to establish garrisons, for aid in
and soldiers
to protect
;
sons, as well from the towns as from the country,
condemned
to perpetual
—
yond our realms
banishment or
— and
for three years
also those
at least,
be-
provided this be done by the advice and consent,
and by the authority of our
officers.
Besides the preceding (and that which
is
elswhere appointed,
directed and ordained to you by the commissioners and authorities
given you by our very dear cousin the Sieur de Danville/ Admiral * AnvilU
is
an error
in
—
Hazard's copy
for
it
appears from history, that Charles Moot*
moreaei, Due de Danville, was at (hat time Admiral of France.
Vol.
L
70
APPENDIX. of France
for that
which expressly concerns the admirality
achievement, expedition and execution of the said things)
in the
—
to
do
generally for the conquest, peopling, settlement and preservation of the said land of Acadia, and of the coasts, circumjacent territories,
and of
their appurtenances
we
authority, all
ourselves
were there present direction, than
tents of
if
we
even in cases requiring more special
in person,
we have
which we
and dependences, under our name and could do, or cause to be done,
provided
direct, ordain,
for
by these presents
,*
and expressly enjoin
to the
con-
our jus-
all
and subjects to conform themselves, and obey you, and
tices, officers
1
give attention to you in
all
and
the said things, their circumstances
dependencies.
To
give you also in the execution of them
main strength and assistance of which you shall
be by you required,
And
obedience.
ance
aid
and comfort,
have need, and
under the pains of rebellion and dis-
all
no one may pretend cause of ignor-
in order that
of this our intention, and be disposed to intermeddle
whole or in
part, with the charge, dignity
you by these presents
power and royal of no
—
all
shall
effect,
;
we
and authority, that we
have, of our certain knowledge,
authority, revoked, suppressed,
and declared
henceforth and from the present time,
and commissions,
letters
all
null
in
giver full
and
other powers
and despatches given and delivered
to
any
person whomsoever, to discover, people and inhabit said lands, in the said extent contained within the said 40th degree, to the 46th
degree, whatsoever they
And
furthermore,
we
may direct
be.
and command
of whatever rank or condition they or a certification thereof duly
may
all
our said officers,
be, that these presents,
compared herewith, by some one
of our beloved and faithful counsellors, notaries and secretaries, or other royal notary, they the said officers cause, at your request, application
and
suit, or at
the suit of our attornies, to be read, publish-
ed and registered in the registers of their several jurisdictions, authorities all
and
districts,
preventing as
much
as shall belong to them,
troubles and hindrances contrary hereunto.
sure.
Given
at
For such
is
our plea-
Fontainbleau the eighth day of November, in the
year of Grace, one thousand six hundred and three, and of our reignt the fifteenth.
Signed,
[And lower down
HENRY.
—by the king, Potier. —And sealed upon a sim-
ple label, with yellow
Wax.]
APPENDIX.
No. SIR WILLIAM ALEXANDER'S [From John
2.
PATENT OF NOVA SCOTIA,
Palairet's Description
of
the
SEPT.
10, 1621.
English and French possessions in North
America.]
James, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France
and
Ireland, Defender of the Faith, dec.
Laity of his Dominions
Be
it
known,
—Greeting.
we have
that
—To
all
the Clergy and
ever been careful to embrace every
opportunity, that offered, for the honor and advantage of our king-
dom
of Scotland, and that
we
think there
ing
new
colonies into foreign and uncultivated countries,
the necessaries of ited or
no acquisition more
is
may be made by
easy and more innocent, than those which
life
especially if such lands are either uninhab-
;
occupied by unbelievers,
faith, is a
carry-
where are
whom
to
convert to the Christian
duty of groat importance to the glory of God, dec.
For these causes, and acceptable
as well as in consideration of the good, faithful,
favors,
which have been already and hereafter
to
be performed to us by our trusty and well beloved Councillor, Sir
William Alexander, Kt. who
is
the
first
of our subjects of Scot-
land, that undertook to carry over this foreign colony at his
own
expense, and has desired leave to cultivate lands and countries
included within the limits undermentioned
:
—We
therefore, from
our royal intention to extend the Christian religion, and to promote the wealth, prosperity and peace of the natural subjects of our said
kingdom of Scotland, have, by
the
advice and consent
of our
cousin and councillor, John, Earl of Mar, &c. and of the other
Lords-Commissioners of the said kingdom of Scotland, given, grant-
ed and
We
transferred, and by virtue of this present, issuing from us,-—
do give, grant and transfer to the said William Alexander, his
heirs, or all claimants
by right of inheritance from him,
all
and
sin-
gular the lands of the Continent and Islands situate and lying in
America, reckoning from the cape or promentory called Cape Sable, at
43° or thereabouts, from the equator towards the north, that
to say, from the said
is
promontory along the seashore that runs from
the west, as far as St. Mary's bay, and stretching from thence to the north, in a straight line, to the entrance or
bay which washes the eastern
coast,
mouth of
that great
between the countries of the
Souriquois and of the Etechemins, as far as to the river of St. Croix,
and
to
the farthest source or spring, which
west to mingle
its
first
waters with those of that river
straight imaginary line,
;
comes from the from thence by a
crossing the lands or running towards the
;
APPENDIX
656 north, as far as the river of
first
bay, river or spring which runs into the great
Canada; and from thence continuing eastward to the sea along
the shores of the river of Canada, to the river, bay, port or latitude,
commonly known by
the
name of Gachepe or Gaspie ; and
from the south-east side as
far as the Isles called
afterwards,
Bacalaos or Cape
Breton, leaving the said Isles on the right, and the gulf of the said
Canada
great river of
Newfound-
or the great bay and the lands of
land or Terra Nova, with the Isles thereto appertaining, on the
and thence passing
to the said
left
cape or promontory of Cape Breton,
turning to the south and west as far as the above mentioned Cape Sable, where begins the tract that
is
to
be included and compre-
hended, between the said seacoasts and their circumferences from the sea, to
all
the lands of the continent, with the rivers, bays, tori
rents, roads, isles or lakes situate about six leagues from
any of the
parts both of the said coasts and their circumferences either to the
west, north or south, and from the south-east (in which situation
Cape Breton,) and from all
the southern part, where lies
is
Cape Sable,
the seas and Islands to 40 leagues of said coasts, therein includ-
ing the great Island commonly called the Island of Sable or Sab»
Carban, or south south-east,
Ions, situate towards
about thirty
to
leagues from the said Cape Breton in the ocean and at the 44th
degree of latitude, or thereabouts. the future bear the ibe
also divided into
names
name
of
All
which
said
lands shall for
Scotland, [Nova Scotia,] and
such parts and portions, and be called by such
William Alexander
as Sir
—
New
shall think fit; together
with
all
the mines, as well the royal ones of gold and silver, as the other
mines of
iron, lead, copper, pewter, brass,
And
&c.
if
any doubts
or questions shall hereafter arise upon the interpretation or con* struction of any clause, in the present letters patent contained, they shall all
be taken and interpreted in the most extensive sense, and
jn favor of the said said.
William Alexander,
his heirs
and assigns afore*
Furthermore, we of our certain knowledge, our
notion, regal authority and royal power, have
we
do, by these our let-
unite, annex, erect, create
and incorporate, the
ed, erected, created and incorporated, and ters patent,
make,
own mere
made, united, annex*
whole and entire Province and lands of Nova Scotia, [New Scotland] aforesaid, with jurisdictions,
and
all
all
the limits thereof, seas,
other things
&c.
officers
and
generally and specially above
mentioned, into one entire and free dominion and barony, to be called at
all
times hereafter, by the aforesaid
name of Nova
Scotia.
In witness whereof, we have to these our patents affixed our great jseaj,
in the presence of our said cousins
and councillors, Sir James,
657
APPENDIX. Marquis of Hamilton, George, Earl of Keith, Alexander, Earl of Dumformling, our Councillor, Thomas, Earl of Melros, &c. Secreour beloved and privy councillors, Mr. Richard Cockburn the
tary,
keeper of the privy
Given
seal,
&c.
our castle at Windsor, the tenth day of September in
at
the year of our Lord, 1621, and of our reign the 55th and 19th.
No.
3.
NARRATIVE OF MRS. HANNAH SWARTON'S CAPTIVITY, May 1690— Nov. [Compiled from 2d
A
vol. J)oct.
1695.
Mather's Magnalia.]
narrative of Mrs. Hannah Swarton's*
idea of savage
when
enemy
the
The
fort.
were dwelling
at a short distance
Indians, on entering the house, killed
her husband before her eyes
and three sons
In May, 1690,
beset Falmouth, her husband, herself and their
family, consisting of four children,
northerly of the
into captivity.
;
and carried her, and her daughter
— My master (says she)
was a Canada
among
Indian, whose wife was an eastern native, partly bred up
English
at
Blackrpoint, but
The
off eastward.
bors' houses
some
captivity, will give
and the sufferings of captives.
life
now turned
own and our
provisions taken from our
were soon consumed
direful afflictions deprived
me
of
and even while they
;
all
appetite.
My
neigh-*
lasted, our
children were
soon separated from me, and distributed among the captors
though we were sometimes permitted allowed to converse
much
to see
the
We presently moved
papist.
and
;
each other, we were not
together or mingle our tears
for the
;
sym-
pathies of natural affection unrepressed, are always so affronting to
Indians, that they would threaten us with instant death,
Though sunk
with fatigue,
we
were, after a
week
if
we
wept.
or ten days, long
destitute of any food, except ground-nuts, acorns, roots, wild weeds,
and a
little
dogs' flesh
;
— a sustenance which, though
miserable in-
deed, was yet quite insufficient to satisfy the cravings of hunger.
At one time they some
fish
killed a
—of which
I
bear— afterwards
was allowed
a piece of moose's liver was given to
my hungry
appetite.
to
they took a turtle and
be in part a partaker.
me
—a
Once,
refreshing morsel truly,
In our travels about the shores of Casco-
bay, and through the country to Kennebeck, I was compelled to
carry heavy burdens, and to go at their pace or be killed at once. *
Though Dr. Mather, [2 Magnalia, if it were not Swarnton?
yet query,
p.
306
— 12] calls her by
that
name
;
APPENDIX.
658 After
my
my
shoes and clothes became worn and tattered,
and
feet
wounded and bleeding and by reason of toil and faintness, my pace was so checked, that I was often threatened with an uplifted tomahawk over my head. One John York, a fellow-suflimbs were often
;
being entirely exhausted, was taken aside and despatched
ferer,
outright.
Once,
my
mistress and myself were
left
loathsome to
eat,
we
boiled
smoke
in hopes by the
Espying a canoe,
me
and gave
it
fire
on a remote point of the shore,
to invite, fortuitously, a visit of the Indians.
beckoned
I
a
without food,
At length she
and drank the broth.
make
directed me, to go and
days
six
This being too tough and
except the tainted bladder of a moose.
a roasted eel
;
when
ashore,
it
— and never had
the squaws in
I tasted
it
came,
meat more
pal-
Through the whole summer and autumn, I was hurried up and down the wilderness for wherever an Indian happens to be, he is on the point of going somewhere else, never contented, nor at
atable.
;
They
rest.
are no economists
;
they eat excessively, whenever
possessed of enough, and then have nothing. fruit, I lived
grew on bushes
being obliged
;
an Indian dress
giving
;
stockings, and moccasins
Even
frozen. ine,
made
:
me
my
gather them for
also, to
When
so long as any remained.
me
In the season of
on wortleberries, and a kind of wild cherries, which mistress,
winter commenced, they put upon
a slight blanket, a pair of leathern
—Yet many times,
my
limbs were nearly
smoke and stench, cold and fammore extreme, and slavery more dreadful. A
in their huts, the
suffering
rush of recollections often
filled
my
soul with
Woman-like,
tongue nor pen can describe.
self with tears, that I ever left the privileges of
the smiles of kindreds,
—
anguish, which no reflected
I
my
upon myand
birth-place,
public worship and the divine ordinances.
But
my
as
was, through over-emulous desires, of adding to worldly substance
it
that
was only sweet
native Beverly,
we had exchanged
it,
for a
new
and the gospel ministry,
privileges
I
in
name and
in
memory and ;
settlement destitute of church
thought
I
upon myself the judgments of a frowning God.
had directly brought
Now bereaved of hus-
band, children, home, and every thing but a miserable
ed upon
my
life
;
I
was
Languor, melancholy, famine and suffering, prey-
half-distracted.
and
spirits
my
life.
Yet in
my
distress
I
cried often
unto the Lord, (in the language of another,) how long wilt thou hide
thy face from me
To at
aggravate,
!
how long
if possible,
shall mine
my
enemy be exalted over me !
grief and distress,
when we
arrived
Norridgewock, every English prisoner was removed from our
company
;
and
I
was
told
my
oldest son
was
killed
—a
fate,
I
659
APPENDIX. feared, destined to
consolation, to
From
my
all
weep
children, while
was obliged
that place, I
had only Rachel's
I
them.
for
up a long and wretched
to take
journey, in the heart of winter, through the wilderness to Canada.
deep snow, over steep hideous mountains, through
I travelled in
swamps and to log,
my
and among
thickets,
near a thousand in a day,
windfalls
—
stepping from
;
log
same time, carrying on did my feet and frequently So
shoulders a heavy burden.
at the
my tracks in the snow might be readily traced by Without tasting of domestic meat or bread, or having a
limbs bleed, that the blood.
comfortable night on the way, I arrived
about the middle of
at last,
February, 1691, in the vicinity of Quebec
where
;
my
master pitch-
ed his wigwam, in sight of a few French habitations.
beg food
to
for
him and
They
and generous. second
fed
by
I tarried,
visit,
his
squaw,
Sent thither
found the inhabitants kind
I
me with refreshing my master's consent,
food
me me into The Lady
a prisoner to the French, ventured to attend
and
generously introduced
Chief Justiciary of the Province. late
Indian master a satisfactory ransom
and
;
in the
The who though
next morning I was called upon by an Englishman,
Quebec,
and
;
over night.
about four miles to the family of the
Intendant, paid
my
became her waiting
I
servant.
Kind and attached
to
and strongly urged
me
This, to me, was a
new
self transferred
and
for
harder usage.
;
worthy mistress to betray
and
I presently
afflictions to another.
my
;
More than once,
human
:
—A
I
sometimes attended
daily,
religion pure
merit and catholic
and simple Col.
take the flames.
to
an English bible, I searched
which yielded
rites.
me
the priests threatened to send
length, being able to procure
life
was hear-
while I was in conscience
Lord, but contend earnestly
France, where heretics, they said, have
At
found myI
but at last withdrawing, I was treated with
;
and read the scriptures of
disciple of the catholic religion.
trial
the faith, once delivered to the saints,
the papal worship
to
my
bound not
in duty
become a
species of
from one furnace of
disposed to please
tily
me, she soon joined with the priests and nuns,
to
—
at
me
the refreshing waters
an
infinite
Tyng
remove from
of Falmouth, and Mr.
Alden, fellow captives, were permitted to converse with me, and appeared to be firm in the protestant doctrines the faith of them. years,
my
Still,
religious
;
strengthening
me
in
during this long period of more than four
belief
was
assailed
severely tried, by the superstitious friars.
again and
again,
and
But an acquaintance,
formed about that time with Margaret Stilson, a pious captive, prov-
—/ APPENDIX.
660 cd a balm ten,
to
my
when we
Oh
afflicted soul.
the seasons, never to be forgot-
together perused the sacred volume, and in social
prayer reciprocated the devout sentiments of the holy Psalmist shall not die but live,
and
declare the works of the
Lord
:
;
—
Truly
he has chastened us sore t but he has not given us over to death.
To my son,
my my
was admitted
to a passage,
only daughter, other
morning
when Capt. Gary arrived in a vessel to home from Quebec, I, with my youngest
inexpressible joy,
carry the English captives
now about
two sons, after
beloved country
if living,
we were taken
November, 1695,
after
— and
leaving, however, three children
20, supposed to be at Montreal, and
whom
I
captive.
an absence of
five
had never seen since the
We
arrived at Boston in
years and a half, from
my
the rapturous joys of friends, meeting on a
return from Indian captivity, can be more easily imagined than told.