The Geography of Multinationals (RLE International Business): Studies in the Spatial Development and Economic Consequences of Multinational Corporations 9781135124564, 9780415658041

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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

THE GEOGRAPHY OF MULTINATIONALS

THE GEOGRAPHY OF MULTINATIONALS Studies in the Spatial Development and Economic Consequences of Multinational Corporations

Edited by MICHAEL TAYLOR AND NIGEL THRIFT

Volume 37

First published in 1982 This edition first published in 2013 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 1982 M. J. Taylor and N. J. Thrift All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-415-63009-2 (Set) eISBN: 978-0-203-07716-0 (Set) ISBN: 978-0-415-65804-1 (Volume 37) eISBN: 978-0-203-07629-3 (Volume 37) Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

The Geography of Multinationals Studies in the Spatial Development and Economic Consequences of Multinational Corporations

Edited by Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift

CROOM HELM London

& Sydney

©1982 M.J. Taylor and N.J. Thrift Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 IAT Croom Helm Australia Pty Ltd, Suite 4, 6th Floor, 64-76 Kippax Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia Reprinted 1983 & 1986 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data The Geography of the multinationals - (Croom Helm series in geography and environment) I. International business enterprises I. Taylor, Michael II. Thrift, Nigel 338.8'8 HD2755.5 ISBN 0-7099-2403-8

Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham

CONTENTS

list of Figures List of Tables Preface Part One: the Spatial Development Sequences of Multinational Corporations 1 Introctuction M.J. Taylor and N.J. Thrift 2. Models of Corporate Development and the Multinational Corporation M.J. Taylor and N.J. Thrift 3. Testing Dependency Theory: a Case Study of Brazil's Electrical Industry R.S. Newfanner and S. Topik 4. The Inter-regional Distribution of West German Multinationals in The United Kingdom H. D. Watts 5. The Changing International Division of Labour Within ICI I.M. Qarke 6. The Geographical Pattern of the Australian Trading Banks' Overseas Representation J. Hirst, M.J. Taylor and N.J. Thrift Part Two: the Geograp11ical Ramifications of Multinational Corporations 7, Introduction M.J. Taylor and N.J. Thrift 8. fhe Impact of Multinational Corporations on the Spatial Organisation of Developed Nations: a Review A. Blackboum 9. Multinationals and Industrialisation in a Developing Economy: the Case of Nigeria S./. Abumere 10. Multinational Corporations in Southern Africa: a Spatial Perspective C.M. Rogerson 11. The Role of Acquisition in the Spatial Distribution of the Foreign Manufacturing Sector in the United Kingdom I.J. Smith 12. International Tourism and Multinational Corporations in the Pacific: the Case of Fiji S.G. Britton 13. International Capital, International Culture J.R. Peet References Notes on Contributors Subject Index Company Index Author Index

14 33 61

90 117

139 147 158 179

221 252 275 303 328 330 334 336

FIGURES

1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 3.1

4.1 4.2 4.3

4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 9.1 9.2 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4

Employment in Coats Patons World-wide, 1979 The Growth ofCRA Ltd in Cross-section for the Years 1962, 1970 and 1978 Corporate Growth Paths in a Historical Context Four Models of Stages of Corporate Development The Territorial Division of the World according to the International Notification and Compensation Agreement {INCA) of 1930 Inter-regional Variations in Foreign Ownership, 1975 Inter-regional Variations in Nationality of Foreign-owned Operations, 1975 (a) Factories Established in the Republic of Ireland by West German Firms, 1955-69 {b) Factories Established in the Netherlands by West German Firms, 1945-63 West-German-owned Plants with Over 100 Employees, 1978 Newly Acquired or Established West-German-ownea Plants, mid-1970s Hoechst in the United Kingdom: Corporate Structure Employment at Manufacturing Sites Owned by Hoechst AG, End 1979 Hoechst UK: Employment Growth The World-wide Distribution of ICI's Factories and Offices, 1980 The Divisional Breakdown of Employment in ICI The Geographical Diversification of Production within ICI Divisional Trading Profits, 1970-80 The Subdivision of Nigeria into 19 States in 197 5 Geographical Subdivisions of Bendel State, Nigeria Southern Africa: Location Map Multinational Corporations in South Africa's Militaryindustrial Complex Major Resource Developments in Southern Africa by Multinational Corporations The Organisation of the Anglo-American Group in Central and Southern Africa

8 9 24· 27

40 64 67

72 76 80 83 85 87 95 100 102 103 169 170 181 192 195 196

10.5 The Activities of the Anglo-American Group in Central and Southern Africa 10.6 The Location of Employment in Foreign-