The Countryside Of Hospitaller Rhodes 1306-1423: Original Texts And English Summaries [1° ed.] 1138732621, 9781138732629

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THE COUNTRYSIDE OF HOSPITALLER RHODES 1306–1423

The Countryside of Hospitaller Rhodes 1306–1423 explores the main themes of settlement, population and defence of the countryside of Rhodes from 1306 to 1423, approximately halfway through the period of Hospitaller rule. Based largely on the Hospital’s Rhodian archive, this book is the scientific presentation of 208 documents brought together with detailed English summaries to help readers understand the documents and their technical features. While the majority of research into this subject has previously been focused on the town of Rhodes, this book concentrates instead on the late-­ medieval countryside, providing a new angle from which to view this complex period. Through a corpus of Hospitaller texts, it presents many aspects of the Hospitaller Order’s history as well as exploring other crucial developments in the period, including both a discussion of Cristoforo Buondelmonti’s description of Rhodes, and a section dedicated to the sources used within this work. The Countryside of Hospitaller Rhodes provides an ideal for academics and postgraduates of the crusades. Anthony Luttrell was educated at Oxford and has held teaching or research posts in many universities. He is currently an honorary research associate at the Hellenic Institute, Royal Holloway College. His sixty-five years of study have resulted in over 250 publications, many gathered in the six volumes of his collected studies published in Routledge’s Variorum series, the most recent being Studies on the Hospitallers after 1306: Rhodes and the West (2007). His other publications include The Town of Rhodes 1306–1356 (2003); Hospitaller Women in the Middle Ages, with Helen J. Nicholson (2006); Sources for Turkish History in the Hospitallers’ Rhodian Archive 1389–1422 (2008), with Elizabeth Zachariadou; and, with Karl Borchardt and Ekhard Schöffler, Documents Concerning Cyprus from the Hospitallers’ Rhodian Archives: 1409–1459 (2011). Gregory O’Malley is an independent scholar. He was educated in London and Cambridge. He has published The Knights Hospitaller of the English Langue, 1460–1565 (2005) and a number of articles on the Hospitallers born in the British Isles on their links with the Mediterranean and on the Hospitallers’ activities during the later Rhodian period.

THE MILITARY RELIGIOUS ORDERS: HISTORY, SOURCES, AND MEMORY Edited by Jochen Burgtorf and Nicholas Morton

The military religious orders were initially established in the twelfth century to care for and protect western pilgrims in the Holy Land. They later helped to defend the crusader states, participated in the Iberian Reconquista, and eventually played a significant role in warfare, charity, commerce, colonization, and cross-cultural encounters in Europe, the Mediterranean World, and even the New World. The Military Religious Orders: History, Sources, and Memory stimulates research on this fascinating phenomenon.

General Editors •• ••

Jochen Burgtorf (California State University, Fullerton, USA): jburgtorf@ fullerton.edu Nicholas Morton (Nottingham Trent University, England, UK): nicholas. [email protected]

Editorial board •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• ••

Adrian Boas (University of Haifa, Israel) Emanuel Buttigieg (University of Malta, Malta) Paul Crawford (California University of Pennsylvania, USA) Daniel Gullo (Hill Museum & Manuscript Library, Collegeville, Minnesota, USA) Philippe Josserand (Université de Nantes, France) Juhan Kreem (Tallinna Linnarchiiv, Tallinn, Estonia) Helen Nicholson (Cardiff University, Wales, UK) Jürgen Sarnowsky (Universität Hamburg, Germany) Kristjan Toomaspoeg (Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy)

THE COUNTRYSIDE OF HOSPITALLER RHODES 1306-1423 Original Texts and English Summaries

Anthony Luttrell and Gregory O’Malley

First published 2019 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Anthony Luttrell and Gregory O’Malley The right of Anthony Luttrell and Gregory O’Malley to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Luttrell, Anthony, 1932- author. | O’Malley, Greg, author. Title: The countryside of Hospitaller Rhodes 1306-1423: original texts and English summaries/Anthony Luttrell and Greg O’Malley. Description: First edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, [2018] | Series: The military religious orders: history, sources, and memory | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017020939 | ISBN 9781138732629 (hardback: alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315181790 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Hospitalers–Greece–Rhodes (Island)–History–To 1500. | Rhodes (Greece: Island)–History. Classification: LCC CR4731.G82 L87 2018 | DDC 949.5/87–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017020939 ISBN: 978-1-138-73262-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-18179-0 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India

IN MEMORIAM JULIAN CHRYSOSTOMIDES MARGARET LUTTRELL

CONTENTS

List of figures Preface

viii ix

Introduction1 Monies, measures, dates 7 Glossary9

Countryside13 1

Byzantine background

15

2

Administration and defence

20

3

Settlement, economy, society

33

4

Religious and cultural life

50

Appendix: Cristoforo Buondelmonti’s description of Rhodes

73

Documents 81 Sources 289

Unpublished 290 Publications 290 Index

299

vii

FIGURES

1 2 3 4

Medieval Rhodes 64 The Island of Rhodes from a fifteenth-century manuscript of Cristoforo Buondelmonti’s Liber Insularum Archipelagi 65 A parchment of 1338 [7]: Malta 16 no. 28 66 A folio from the Master’s register of 1411 [191]: Malta 339, f. 212v (246v) 67

viii

PREFACE

The present study of the Rhodian countryside has experienced a lengthy gestation. The project originated in 1958 when Anthony Luttrell spent several months on Rhodes. Luttrell had already begun work on Malta in the Hospitallers’ Rhodian archives and had noted much material for a study of the late-medieval countryside on Rhodes, but an extensive field-walking survey was impractical and the idea lapsed. The project was placed on a formal footing in 1988 in collaboration with Julian Chrysostomides who, starting with the references and photocopies gathered by Luttrell in the Malta archive across the previous thirty years, began transcribing the documents. At the same time, Kara Hattersley-Smith conducted preliminary field work on Rhodes and published two useful articles on the subject. Julian Chrysostomides made initial transcriptions of roughly half of the documents published below, and following her death in 2008, Gregory O’Malley continued work on the texts and summaries. The two authors are jointly responsible for this publication, but three others have made notable contributions to it. Michael Heslop has conducted extensive topographical investigations on Rhodes, studied the island’s defences and identified a significant number of place names; some of his researches have already been published. Margaret Luttrell took part in the initial explorations on Rhodes in 1958 and laboured on the project until her death in 2016. Karl Borchardt provided extensive and indispensable assistance in reading and interpreting the documents. The authors are extremely grateful to Maroma Camilleri and the ever ­helpful staff in the National Library of Malta in Valletta as also to Anna-Maria Kasdagli and other members of the Archaeological Service on Rhodes for their invaluable assistance. Jean-Bernard de Vaivre, Michail Konstantinou-Rizos and Prodromos Papanikolaou are to be thanked for much help on various ­particular matters. Laura Pilsworth, Morwenna Scott and Sarah Adams of Taylor & Francis and Michelle van Kampen and Lisa Keating of Deanta are to be thanked for their efficient and flexible assistance in the preparation and typesetting of the manuscript. A.T.L., G.O’M., Bath/Hugglescote, 2017

ix

INTRODUCTION 1

This work is an attempt to study the settlement, population and defences of the island of Rhodes during the period of Hospitaller rule after 1306. While attention has hitherto largely been concentrated on the town of Rhodes,2 this book is concerned with the late-medieval countryside. The period chosen closes in 1423, leaving a mass of archive material for the period from 1423 to 1522 to await examination. The terminal point is in some ways disadvantageous, but it is useful to be able to measure progress down to a fixed point, in this case roughly halfway through the period of Hospitaller rule. After 1423, there is, in any case, a gap in the surviving Magistral registers which, with the exception of two volumes for 1427 and 1428, are missing from 1423 to 1432. In 1995 Zacharias Tsirpanlis published 342 documents from the Malta archive for the years between 1421 and 1453 but his volume devotes special attention to the Hospital’s other islands, which are not treated in this book; that work and his earlier volume of collected studies contain much important material. The four narrative sections in this study are far from exhaustive, and are intended as a preliminary introduction rather than a comprehensive exploitation of the documents published, while some generalizations in the introductory sections are, unavoidably, based on only a few documented examples. A fuller discussion would require extensive archive work on the post-1423 period during which conditions changed significantly. No attempt has been made to propose possibly misleading comparisons with other Greek territories which were under Latin rule, but where there were different meanings for similar terms, or where there were different institutional developments, as indeed there were on the Hospital’s own lesser islands in the Dodecanese. Much has already been written on some of these occupied Greek territories but many standard surveys simply ignore Rhodian affairs, a partial exception being the study by Sharon Gerstel, which takes some account of Rhodian churches, frescoes and inscriptions. Her book contains an extensive recent bibliography. Numerous questions cannot be addressed for lack of sources, and it seems better to seek to establish the situation on Rhodes before advancing comparisons with other regimes. 1 Works here mentioned are listed infra, 290–297. 2  E.g. Gabriel (1921–1923); Luttrell (2003).

INTRODUCTION

Only a small part of the Hospital’s Rhodian archive, on which this work is based, reached Malta in 1530. Much of what survived was known to the Order’s historian Giacomo Bosio; the second expanded and much improved edition of whose second volume, covering the period on Rhodes, was published in 1629. The materials on Malta have serious limitations. The main series of registers, the so-called ‘Libri Bullarum’, commences only in 1346 and for the years between 1348 and 1381 no more than five registers are extant; there are only nine relevant texts for the years 1306 to 1346, and 49 of the 208 documents published below date to the five years between 1347 and 1352. From 1381 to 1423 only a few volumes are missing but since much of what survives for those years was written in the West those registers may contain rather less information concerning the Rhodian countryside. The fact that almost all the Hospital’s Rhodian archive from before 1346 did not survive strongly discourages any statistical use of the surviving texts. Most of the entries in the registers were copies of documents originally sealed with the Magistral or with the Conventual bull, though there was not necessarily always an ‘original’; some texts, however, are merely in note form. Most material concerning the island was normally entered in sections grouped at the end of each register, notably in the section headed Partes Cismarine or a similar title. Some miscellaneous survivals now on Malta include a few relevant documents. An original Magistral bull now in Madrid [2] and a text surviving through its confirmation in a papal register [102] are also included since they originated in the Rhodian chancery, and there is a document from a Rhodian chancery formulary now in the archive of the Hospital’s Priory of Catalunya [74]. Many of the texts are land grants or confirmations which provide information on affairs across the island. Preliminary studies of the Hospital’s chancery and its practice have been made by Anthony Luttrell, Jürgen Sarnowsky and Karl Borchardt.3 In the absence of any monastic archive or of any surviving notarial register kept on Rhodes, the Hospitaller documents provide a valuable and, given their character, a unique picture of an agrarian society there. Limited use is made of fragments taken from the Hospital’s legislation, its statutes, some of which were passed or confirmed on Rhodes and which were certainly available there. The majority of the statutes have not been published in their original French version. Most of those which the Master Foulques de Villaret promulgated in 1311 and 1314 were quashed in 1332 but survive in some manuscripts; the original register of chapters general from 1330 to 1344, which included their statutes, is in the Malta archives as Codex 280. For present purposes, other statutes are here taken from contemporary versions in the langue d’oc published by Marie Rose Bonnet and Riccardo Cierbide in 2006.4

3  Idem (1978), XV; Sarnowsky (2001), 301–28; Borchardt – Luttrell – Schöffler, xiii–xxxvii. 4  Cited below as Estatutos; the texts of various Catalan translations are published in Cierbide (2002), but the editorial comment in these two editions is essentially philological and should be treated with caution.

2

INTRODUCTION

During the period of Ottoman rule from 1523 to 1912, a number of Europeans travelled in the Rhodian countryside, publishing descriptions, engravings and other illustrations. Especially useful is the unpublished compilation dated 1854 made by Johannes Hedenburg; some of his materials and drawings have been reproduced by Alexandra Stefanidou. Also relevant from late-Ottoman times are the findings of the Danish archaeological expedition to Lindos which were edited much later by Løne Sørensen and Peter Pentz. The most valuable and scholarly pre-1912 work on the countryside was that published in 1900 by Guy Sommi Picenardi. Italian rule opened with an important preliminary survey of medieval remains across the island published in 1914 by Giuseppe Gerola, but otherwise Italian research activity was largely concentrated on the main town and, outside it, on classical sites. The Italians created an invaluable institute containing an excellent library and many photographs.5 Relevant work based on the archives has been published by Zacharias Tsirpanlis, Anthony Luttrell and others; some of the documents below have already been published elsewhere. Research in the Malta archive has been sporadic and the study of post-1423 materials on the Rhodian countryside has not been extensive or systematic. The information so far provided by non-written sources is unsatisfactory. There have been late-medieval investigations and restorations at Lindos and at Filerimos where there were studies by Hermes Balducci. Peter Lock published preliminary research on some free-standing towers. Gregory O’Malley has written on mills; Elias Kollias and Maria Michaelidou presented their partial excavation of the medieval sugar factory at Zacharomylos and there have recently been other investigations. Sites and remains around the Rhodian islands have received some study by Jean-Christian Poutiers whose work was innovatory but often undocumented or unreliable, by Stephen Spiteri, by Michael Losse and by Michael Heslop, but much of their findings relates to undated or post-1423 buildings and developments. An imprecisely located rural coin hoard, datable to the 1420s, was discussed by Anna-Maria Kasdagli in 2013. There is some study of later-medieval pottery, particularly by Maria Michaelidou, but the materials are largely imported and were found in the town; there is little pottery datable between 1306 and 1423.6 There has been no systematic study of surface remains. Excavation information has often to be left unpublished and recorded archaeological data cannot easily be accessed. However much may be expected from the future exploitation of a whole range of new archaeological techniques such as the use of geographical information systems.7 There is a preliminary study of building materials and techniques.8 Some information derives from researches on churches in which 5  Livadiotti – Rocco (1996) surveys Italian activities after 1912. 6 Kasdagli et al., 46–50;Yangaki (2013). 7  E.g. Zarifis – Brokou (2002). 8  Papatheodorou (2003).

3

INTRODUCTION

building styles, inscriptions or frescoes are dated or datable and which are precisely located. No exhaustive treatment of churches and frescoes is attempted but much detail is provided in Theodoros Archontopoulos’ work of 2010. The combination of archaeological data with interpretations of rural frescoes and their inscriptions can produce striking insights, as demonstrated in Sharon Gerstel’s discussions of various Rhodian examples. The information on the island’s defences published by Michael Heslop is useful, especially for the study of some of the places mentioned in the documents. Such researches relate to a number of subjects which should hopefully benefit from the availability of the Rhodian documents published below. The documents contain numerous place-names and microtoponyms, many of them deserving further study not attempted here. Rhodian place-names were frequently distorted by the Hospital’s scribes who copied documents into the Magistral registers, since they were Latins who probably knew little or nothing of the Rhodian countryside and who evidently had difficulties with Greek names; in any case all but six of the 24 registers available for the period from 1382 to 1420 were produced, or in a few cases largely produced, in the West. Many places are well known, while others are identifiable by churches, rivers and other features, though the modern names of churches may not be those used in the fourteenth century. Other names can be located, approximately at least, by their description as being within a castellany or casale. Properties defined by their boundaries provide many microtoponyms, but it may not be clear whether reference to a personal name was to the current owner or to some earlier personage; nor can the documents by themselves indicate whether a saintly place-name in a boundary description might suggest a chapel or even an abandoned settlement. Places described by natural features may be studied in the very detailed satellite pictures available on the internet. The many sheets of the Italian military map of 1935 at 1:25,000 recorded numerous microtoponyms.9 The detailed work of Christodoulos Papachristodolou depends largely on a philological approach and on sometimes debatable suggestions derived from the meanings of place-names; in some cases his work provides two or more locations with similar names. Some toponyms are discussed in the course of this book, but much remains to be done. Those searching for identifications may consult the index below in which many places not yet located are listed in italics. This study faced other difficulties. Rather little is known about thirteenthcentury Rhodes. Contemporary travellers, pilgrims and others provided a minimum of information on the countryside before 1423, while the texts and maps of the Florentine humanist Cristoforo Buondelmonti, who was frequently on the island between about 1414 and about 1431, are difficult to interpret but useful, even though he was largely concerned with classical authors and remains. Personal names in the documents are often difficult to identify; Greeks and 9  Available in London, British Library, Maps, Rhodes DR 47.

4

INTRODUCTION

others cannot always be distinguished from Latins, or urban household slaves from agricultural slaves. Various castles and towers may be pre-1306 in origin rather than Hospitaller constructions, or have been built or rebuilt after 1423. It is extremely hard to date medieval Rhodian buildings or their ruins from their appearance or construction techniques. Hospitaller Rhodes had no land frontier to protect and it is often difficult to distinguish between villages, refuge castles, defensive towers and watchtowers, or to see how far agricultural centres were walled or fortified or settlement was dispersed. The topic under study presents various conundrums. Numerous questions cannot be raised in the absence of any evidence, and the imbalance of the surviving documentation militates against any statistical approach. Technical terms such as aquis pendentibus are difficult to interpret. The boundaries of the castellanies which were defined in the surviving documents seem to have varied across time. Many important questions cannot be approached for lack of information in the pre-1423 texts below, though some may eventually be solved by work in the still largely unexplored archives for the years from 1423 to 1522. Such further research would allow the revision of various general remarks here unavoidably based on only a few documents. Fully professed Hospitaller brethren, indicated by the title ‘Fr.’ for frater, and their Western commanderies are mostly identified without annotation. Western persons and places are, when identifiable, given in the language of the person or place involved. Words such as Master, Hospital and Convent are capitalized to avoid confusions, and many technical terms are defined in a glossary in order to prevent misunderstandings. The documents published below are cited throughout by their number enclosed in square brackets.

5

MONIES, MEASURES AND DATES

Roughly between 1332 and 1336 the monies and measures used on Rhodes were described in considerable detail by the well-informed Florentine Francesco Balducci Pegolotti. The documents frequently failed to distinguish between florins and ducats from Florence, Venice or elsewhere and the less valuable florins and ducats of Rhodes. Pegolotti gave the following equivalents for Rhodes: 2 deniers = 1 carat 8 carats = 1 asper 24 carats = 1 bezant 2 aspers = 1 gigliato 10 gigliati = 1 gold florin.10 Ten gigliati were still worth one florin in 1365 [75]. The Hospital struck its own silver aspers and gigliati, and it produced other coins,11 including copper and alloy deniers used as small change for local transactions.12 The Order minted gold ducats which imitated Venetian ducats and are known for the period from 1346 to 1355 and again between 1421 and 1427. Which monies were used as monies of account and when is a confusing question.13 The equivalences of the various types of florin and ducat to the Rhodian florin varied considerably; from 1409 onwards at least, the Rhodian ducat was worth 32 Rhodian aspers or 1.6 Rhodian florins so that the florin of Rhodes was then worth 20 aspers. In 1382 600 florins of Rhodes could be repaid with 570 florins of Naples [117].14 A different system was that of the livre or libbra worth 20 solidi and the solidus worth 12 denarii or deniers.Weights and exchange rates varied so that attempts to establish equivalences produce conundrums. In 1313 a Rhodian bezant was allegedly worth two gros tournois [2]; by 1317 a gros and a half gros were being minted on 10  Luttrell (2003), 54–7, 206; Borchardt – Luttrell – Schöffler, pp. xxxv–xxxix. Kasdagli (2002) and idem (2008) study the actual coins. 11  John J. Slocum, 101–5; Kasdagli (2002). 12  Idem (2013). 13  Mazarakis (2010) discusses the monies of account with numerous hypotheses. 14  Luttrell (2003), 56, 206; Borchardt – Luttrell – Schöffler, xxxv–xxxix.

7

INTRODUCTION

Rhodes itself.15 According to Pegolotti’s scheme, one florin was the equivalent of 6 2/3 bezants, yet a text of 1322 equated a gold florin to roughly 3.6 bezants.16 The monies most frequently appearing in the documents were florins, whether of Florence [19, 60, 206], Naples [117], Avignon [141] or, from 1379, of Rhodes [101, 117, 164, 171, 180, 205, 208], or in 27 texts of unspecified provenance, and aspers, which from 1347 onwards were usually aspers of Rhodes [26, 53–4, 57–8, 80, 82, 90–1, 96]. Aspers, however, were mentioned only rarely after 1366 [129, 134, 173]. Bezants of Rhodes appeared in the documents between 1313 and 1358 [2, 37, 45, 51, 59], various deniers between 1347 and 1366 [34, 56, 75, 91], gigliati between 1359 and 1409 [67, 75, 127, 187], silver ducats in 1347 and 1358 [25, 61] and gold ducats, not described as ducats of Rhodes, in 1382 [113]. The extent of the Rhodian modiata or modiate, the standard measure of land, seems incalculable; very technically it was the area needed to produce a moggio or modium of grain and that must have varied. The Byzantine modiate apparently measured between about 850 and 1,000 square metres.17 A caffiziata seems, in 1352 at least, to have been an eighth of a modiate [57]. That would confirm Pegolotti’s remark that one moggio was the equivalent of eight caffizi.18 The rotulus or ruotolo was a measure of weight used especially for wax. Pegolotti gave 100 Rhodian ruotoli to a cantara or one ruotolo as 12 occhie or 6 libbre and 8 once.19 Rhodian chancery practice, as shown in the Magistral registers from 1346 onwards and in their formulae and seals, was reasonably consistent. It was largely followed in registers kept by Masters when they were in the West, but the register of Lieutenant Masters kept on Rhodes from 1409 to 1416 contained interesting variations. Where the dating system was specified, most documents published here were dated annus ab incarnatione Domini or annus ab Incarnatione which commenced, as did the registers themselves, on 25 March; thus texts dated between 1 January and 24 March 1350 belonged in modern style to 1351.20 The form annus Domini, evidently covering the same period, was also used in some early documents.21 Some six documents or portions of documents were dated from the Nativity, four of them occurring in one register and being dated between 1410 and 1414 though these were notarial acts or acts of individual Hospitallers.22 Other systems, some employing an indiction, were occasionally used, especially by notaries drawing up acts on Rhodes.23 A Magistral bull of August 1390 mentioned a Rhodian cursus according to which the year 1391 began on 1 September 1390 [138] and many other texts used such a year.24 15  John J. Slocum, 101. 16  Luttrell (2003), 55, 199–202 [but for ‘2231’ read ‘1231’]. 17  Schilbach, 76–81. 18  Luttrell (2003), 206. 19  Ibid., 204–6. 20  Borchardt – Luttrell – Schöffler, pp. xx–xxi. 21  [1–3, 5, 59]. 22  [142, 171, 188, 190, 193–4]. 23  E.g. [1, 3–5, 142, 171]. 24  E.g. [64, 70, 75, 79, 84, 93, 117, 180].

8

GLOSSARY 25

apoteca: shop, store appaltum: lease, farm, rental or monopoly of a tax or other income; hence appaltator Bailiff of Commerce: Hospitaller officer administering the Commerchium office [qv] Bailiff of Rhodes: Hospitaller officer administering the island of Rhodes bailli, baylivus, bailiff etc.: any officer baiulia: (1) any office; (2) the economic aspect of a ­commandery [qv] or other office capable of being rented out as a separate unit; ­(3) ­sometimes a commandery [qv] itself borgo: the southern, predominantly commercial, sector of Rhodes town inhabited by Greeks, Latins and others cappellania: chantry or endowment for singing masses held by one or more priests casale: village or rural domain castellan: Hospitaller administering a castellany [qv] castellany: administrative district centred on a castle and grouping casali [qv] and lesser circumscriptions Castellan of Rhodes: Hospitaller officer heading the Rhodian legal hierarchy and governing the Castellany of Rhodes which included Rhodes town commander, preceptor: Hospitaller officer in charge of a commandery [qv] commandery, preceptory: (1) unit of administration for Hospitaller properties, mostly in the West; (2) the residence of Hospitaller brethren in each commandery

25 These definitions are unavoidably approximative; further detail on these and other terms may be traced through the index below.

9

INTRODUCTION

commerchium: (1) the Greek kommerklion, a tax on sales or on imports and exports; (2) on Rhodes, the office controlling such taxes, hence Bailiff of Commerce [qv] contrata: indeterminate minor district Convent: (1) the body of Hospitaller brethren resident on Rhodes, on the Hospital’s other islands or at Bodrum; (2) the place in which the Hospital’s headquarters were established Conventual bull: (1) the leaden seal of the Master and Convent used to authenticate acts issued by the Master with the counsel and consent of the Convent; (2) an act of Master and Convent decatia, decimum: (1) annual tax of a tenth, on Rhodes largely restricted to animals; (2) an ecclesiastical tithe emphyteusis: form of lease in Roman Law francomatus: free man frater: fully professed Hospitaller gabella: tax or monopoly hospicium, hostel: house Hospital: the military-religious Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem iardinum: market garden or other plot of land iuspatronatus: the patronage, with rights and obligations, over a private church, monastery or other ecclesiastical foundation ius prelationis: the grantor’s right of repurchase in the case of a lease in emphyteusis langue, tongue: corporation of Hospitaller brethren from a ­particular Western province resident in the Convent [qv] on Rhodes laudimium: the grantor’s right in Roman Law to one-fifth of the value of an emphyteutic property in the case of alienation mandria: animal enclosure, especially sheepfold Magistral bull: (1) the Master’s leaden seal; (2) Magistral act sealed with the Master’s bull marasio: meadow or marshland, often for use as grazing marinarius, marinaria: male or female inhabitant of Rhodes town ­subject to galley service as a hereditary obligation Master: the ruler of the Hospital

10

INTRODUCTION

monasterium: (1) a monastery with monks or nuns or both; (2) a private ecclesiastical foundation, often without monks or nuns, usually in iuspatronatus and often with secular residents Orthodox: member of the Eastern Church whose liturgy was Greek and who recognized the supremacy of the Patriarch of Constantinople papas: priest of the Greek rite pilier: the Hospitaller head of a langue [qv] in the Convent [qv] platea: in the countryside a field or agrarian area preceptor, preceptory: commander, commandery [qv] procer, prud’homme: senior Hospitaller, not necessarily holding an office protos: headman, often of a village responsions: annual dues owed by a Hospitaller to a superior or ultimately to the Hospital’s Treasury prior: (1) Hospitaller ruler of a Western priory or ­administrative area; (2) the senior Hospitaller priest in a Hospitaller house or church sergeant: (1) fully professed, non-knightly Hospitaller ­usually of lower social origin; (2) mercenary normally ­serving in the town; (3) officer performing some service in the countryside serviens: (1) Hospitaller sergeant [q.v.]; (2) servant; (3) ­mercenary; (4) local constable in the Rhodian ­countryside, sometimes attached to a castle and ­holding ­hereditable lands servus: serf spolia: the goods or other assets of a deceased person status, status baiulie: that permanent part of a commandery [qv] or other office, or of goods and animals which belonged to it, which its commander [qv] or other official was not was not to usurp or alienate statute, stabilimentum: legislative decree promulgated or confirmed in ­chapter general as part of the Hospital’s cumulative legislative corpus tricopleria: office held by a turcopole [qv] turcopole, turcopulus: (1) in general a mounted soldier, sometimes a ­mercenary; (2) a soldier serving in the town and keeping watch there; (3) a local officer, apparently mounted, attached to a casale

11

INTRODUCTION

Turcopolier: senior Hospitaller officer in charge of those ­turcopoles [qv] serving outside the city and of the defences of the island of Rhodes Uniate: member of a church in communion with Rome whose canon law, liturgical language and practice were Greek but who recognized the primacy of the Roman pope

12

COUNTRYSIDE

1 BYZANTINE BACKGROUND

The Greek inhabitants of the fourteenth-century Rhodian countryside lived under the rule of a Latin military-religious order, the Hospital of Saint John, but all around them were the ruins and other vestiges of their distant past as well as churches, monasteries, castles, towers and other survivals from the Byzantine centuries before 1306. Thereafter, there was much that changed, especially in the main harbour town, but Rhodian country people retained their Greek speech, their Byzantine forms of worship, their agrarian activities and much else. The Rhodians did not live in a constricted space but on a medium sized Mediterranean island at the southern extremity of the Aegean. At 36 degrees north, it covered 1,400 square kilometres, being some 80 kilometres long and 38 kilometres at its very widest, with its major town at its most northern tip, lying just 18 kilometres from the Anatolian coast and its massive, threatening mountains. Contemporaries had a fair idea of its shape [Figure 2]. Along the spine of the island, its hills rose to the peak of Mount Atavyros at 1,215 metres above sea level. The average annual rainfall was over 700 millimetres with some 60 days of rain, but June, July and August were dry months. Variable seasonal winds, currents and storms could cause complicated navigational problems but Rhodes town had a fine harbour; there was a small port at Lindos in the south-east, some sort of harbour at the modern Kameiros Skala on the west coast and other possible landing places, but otherwise disembarkation was difficult. The summer heat was relieved by sea breezes and there were forests and much vegetation. Where the moderate hills did not reach the shore, there were potentially fertile, alluvial coastal plains. The climate was largely sunny and agreeable while the island was strikingly beautiful. One site at least was sufficiently warm to grow excellent sugar, and elsewhere the island produced the standard Eastern Mediterranean crops, including olives and, above all, vines. Hilly ridges stretched down from the uplands to the coast and between ravines were streams, often powering mills, which flowed down to the sea; there was agriculture near the coasts, grazing and vineyards higher up, and

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BYZANTINE BACKGROUND

wood in the uplands. Some villages were sited for safety on high ground away from the coasts.1 Rhodes had been a major Hellenistic state and the ruins of its great city-port extended far beyond the walled, but shrunken, Byzantine kastron of 1306;2 its naval power apart, the island had once exported enormous quantities of wine.3 The island was raided and occupied by the Arabs in the seventh and eighth centuries, and as the empire of Byzantium shrank the island became an increasingly peripheral outpost, though its harbour remained in continual use both on the north-south routes from Constantinople to Egypt and also for Latin traders, crusaders and pilgrims en route to and from Cyprus and Syria; on occasions, the island exported food to Constantinople and Syria.4 A chronicler described how in 1191 the island was rich and fertile but that the city had many ruined dwellings and towers with a few inhabitants who sold provisions to Richard of England’s passing troops, and how some of the many monasteries survived even if most were deserted.5 In 1202/1203 Leo Gabalas, who had the advantage of a fleet and an army, established an independent rule on Rhodes.6 Following the Latin conquest of Constantinople in 1204, Rhodes was excluded from the formal partitio of the empire and remained comparatively free of Latin influence. Gabalas largely maintained his independence despite difficulties with the surviving Byzantine state in Anatolia which was ruled from Nicaea by Theodore Laskaris and then by John Vatatzes. Gabalas survived an attack by the Nicaeans in 1233, and then in 1234 he made a treaty with Venice by which he became its vassal, granting the Venetians the right to a church, a warehouse, dwellings, a prison and tax exemptions on their trade. At some point Leo was succeeded by his brother John, but while John was absent from Rhodes in 1248, the town was seized in an unexpected attack by a passing Genoese force. John Kantakuzenos was sent to dislodge them; he occupied the castles at Lindos and Filerimos and attacked the town without being able to take it; Latin troops under Guillaume de Villehardouin arrived in 1249 and forced Kantakuzenos to defend himself in the castle at Filerimos. The Latins pillaged and massacred in the countryside but Nicaean reinforcements finally compelled the Genoese in the main town to surrender on terms in 1249 or 1250; John Gabalas disappeared. Rhodes then returned to Byzantine rule exercized from Nicaea and, after 1261, from Constantinople. Probably from 1256, the island was held by the emperor’s brother, John Komnenos Palaiologos,

1  Bousquet (2010); description and photos from 1902 to 1914 in Sørensen – Pentz (1992); rural photos in Kasseris (2005). 2  Recent studies, with much bibliography, in Faucherre – Pimouguet-Pédarros (2010). 3  Rauh (2003). 4  In general Malamut, i. 242–4, 281–3; ii. 395–6, 443–6 et passim. 5  Itinerarium Peregrinorum, 180. 6  The sources are limited and there is no satisfactory study of the years 1203 to 1306; the starting points, detailed but sometimes debatable, are Savvides (1988); ibid. (1990).

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BYZANTINE BACKGROUND

until in about 1272 the Emperor Michael VIII confiscated his estates there.7 Emperors, their local representatives or others may also have appropriated monastic properties on Rhodes, as they did elsewhere.8 For many centuries Rhodes had suffered incursions from Arabs, Greeks, Latins and others which must have devastated country areas; in 1233, for example, Greek forces destroyed the inland monastery at the foot of Mount Artamitis.9 The main town retained a degree of economic activity,10 but the island’s government fell into the hands of corsairs and pirates who were active with their fleets across the Aegean and some of whom were actually in imperial service; some were granted islands they had captured to be held as imperial fiefs. These corsairs included, from about 1275 to about 1278, the Greek Theodoros Kryvitziotes, a ‘man of the emperor’ who was capitaneus of Rhodes; from about 1273 until about 1282, Giovanni de Cavo, who had a Greek mother and was dominus of Rhodes; Bulgarino of Pisa, an ‘inhabitant’ of Rhodes; and various others. When the Venetians brought legal action against these men in 1277, there were 339 claims involving no less than 257 incidents.11 As imperial power declined, and especially after the Byzantine fleet was dismantled after 1283, interference from Genoese, Venetians and eventually Catalans increased, while the collapse of Seljuk rule in Anatolia led to the emergence on the Aegean coastlands of local Turkish lords who acquired shipping and attacked the offshore islands. The knowledgeable Marin Sanudo wrote in a general way, but without giving dates, that the Turks destroyed such islands with great cruelty so that their lands ‘remained consumed’; he claimed that the Turks planned to create a deserted zone off their coastlines.12 There were possibly Turkish attacks, though no sign of Turkish settlement, on Rhodes during the late-thirteenth century;13 there was apparently a Turkish incursion probably in 1303.14 Years later, in about 1340, Ludolf of Sudheim visited Rhodes and wrote that before 1306 Rhodes, Kos and other Christian places paid tribute to the Turks;15 some inhabitants were enslaved.16 Others may have fled. Johannes de Calovarda,   7  Angold, 114–5, 197, 249, 255; George Akropolites, 100–1, 185–8, 246–8, 350; Bartusis, 289–92.  8 Smyrlis (2009).  9 Blemmydes, 104–6. 10  Luttrell (2003), 63–7. 11 Tafel – Thomas, iii. 161–2, 167, 170, 173, 196–7, 208, 256, 258, 262–3, 268–9; Morgan, 412, 423; Luttrell (1999), I 739. 12  Zachariadou, 6 n. 17. 13 The confused chronology and provenance of such incursions has provoked much hypothetical speculation: cf. Luttrell (1999), I 737–44. It suited the Hospital to claim it had taken Rhodes from the Turks and the notion persisted, for example in the English pilgrim’s account of 1345 in ibid. (2003), 223.  The alleged evidence for Turkish assaults or even occupation before 1302/1303 remains debatable. 14  Zachariadou, 6. Ramon Muntaner, 850, 981–982, wrote of raids in about 1302/1303 on ‘all these islands’ without mentioning precisely which. 15  Luttrell (2003), 218. 16  Idem (1982), V   I 81–2.

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BYZANTINE BACKGROUND

habitator in Roddo, was in Crete in 1300, as in 1304, for example, were other Rhodians such as Johannes Andronichiti, but they were apparently there on business rather than as emigrés.17 At the same time, some Rhodians themselves were carrying wood, iron and slaves to Egypt.18 Whoever governed in the town needed to manage and administer the rest of the island, probably through various provincial continuations of standard Byzantine practices. There were presumably captains at the castles of Lindos and Filerimos who were perhaps similar to the kastrophylakes of Pelion and Pardovounon on thirteenth-century Kos.19 In 1263 there was an apographeus, a financial official, for Rhodes and the other islands who would have been responsible for fiscal surveys, tax lists and the recognition of landholding rights.20 There was no real sign of any indigenous aristocracy or class of archontes, though there may have been local property holders, possibly appointed by the island’s governors, and there may have been absentee aristocratic landlords. The imperial grant, which in 1256 circa gave the whole of Rhodes to John Komnenos Palaiologos, also awarded him Lesbos and various mainland estates, these lands apparently being intended for his maintenance.21 Rhodes thus remained part of the empire while John may have governed it either through local landholders or through officials whom he named, and that might have resulted in a real or apparent absence of local archontes. Shortly before 1306, the emperor granted various islands to one of his piratical admirals, the Genoese Andrea Moresco; these islands allegedly included Rhodes, and it was also claimed that the emperor had granted a Rhodian casale to Andrea’s uncle, Vignolo de Vignoli. When Vignolo and the Hospitallers attacked Rhodes in 1306 the island was still part of the imperial domains and the emperor took steps to defend it.22 Vital to the protection of the countryside were the fortifications of the main town. These were kept in repair; for example, in about 1278 Venetian captives were forced to work for seven months or more on the town walls and ditch.23 The town had resisted a siege in 1248/124924 and held out against the Hospitallers for three years after mid-1306. The other main castles were at Lindos, at Filerimos, which proved defensible in 1248/1249,25 and at Feraklos; all three were taken in 1306, though Feraklos was in ruins and was not defended while Filerimos was strongly garrisoned and fell only through treachery.26 17  Pietro Pizolo, i. 44, 166, 315; ii. 45, 117. 18  Cronaca del Templare, 326. 19  Angold, 266 n. 109. 20  Idem, 249. 21  Bartusis, 289–92. 22  Luttrell (1999), I 742–56; ibid. (2003), 171–2. Vignolo had earlier used Rhodes as a base for his piratical activities: Chroniques d’Amadi, 255. 23 Tafel – Thomas, iii. 196–7, 208–9, 258. 24  Supra, 16. 25  George Akropolites, 246–8. 26  Luttrell (2003), 76–7, 171, 195; Chroniques d’Amadi, 257–8.

18

BYZANTINE BACKGROUND

In late-Byzantine times part of the country population must have lived inland away from the coastal regions; the island was protected by a number of other castles, including those at Palaiokastro near Kattavia, at Erimokastro near Arnitha and at Kitala, near Embonas. Some villages and churches were fortified, while watch towers gave warning of approaching threats.27 A serious earthquake in 1303 probably damaged some Rhodian defences, but Filerimos certainly survived and in 1306 reportedly had a garrison of Turks numbering 300.28 Rhodes had been an Orthodox metropolitan bishopric29 and, despite repeated devastations, there were numerous churches and some monasteries in the countryside. Books were being copied, at least in the town, during the thirteenth century,30 but the ‘great collection of fine books’ in the monastery at Artamitis, where the surrounding country had previously been peaceful and well protected, was destroyed in 1233 when the countryside was ravaged and the monks dispersed.31 A monastery possibly survived at Filerimos in 1249.32 Some of the churches spread across much of the island were private foundations; a number were built or rebuilt, painted or repainted between 1203 and 1306.33 The frescoes in the monastery of the Archangel Michael at Thari, on a mountain above Laerma, demonstrated artistic contact with a wide Byzantine world.34 Saint George Vardas, near Apolakia in the south-west of the island, was rebuilt from its foundations in 1289/1290, probably by a local patron; the mention of the Emperor Andronikos II in its foundation inscription reflected some recognition of his sovereignty.35 The disturbed situation on Rhodes changed profoundly with its acquisition by the Latin military-religious Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem. This body, composed mainly of lay religious devoted to a perpetual holy war against the infidel, had been compelled in 1291 to leave Syria for Cyprus but there it found itself unable to function effectively. In 1306 the Hospitallers invaded Rhodes and occupied the castles at Lindos, Feraklos and Filerimos. They must have controlled the countryside thereafter, but the emperor sustained the garrison in the city which held out for over three years before surrendering on relatively favourable terms in 1309.36

27  Heslop (2007–8); given the difficulty of dating the various remains, the situation in the thirteenth century remains uncertain. 28  Luttrell (2003), 195; idem (2007), X 145–6. 29  Malamut, i. 282, 342, 349–50, 356, 359, 365. 30  Luttrell (1999), III 215. 31  Nikephoros Blemmydes, 105–6. 32  In 1249 (not 1269) a French crusader acquired an arm of Saint Philip in an abbey of moins noirs conquered from the Greeks on a mountain on Rhodes: Documents, 177–80. 33  Infra, 52–69. 34  Acheimastou-Potamianou (2006). 35  Christoforaki (1992), 98–102; idem (2000), 458. 36  Luttrell (1999), I 744–54; idem (2003), 68–78.

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2 ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE

The rhythm of country life on Byzantine Rhodes must, to some extent, have been affected by the Hospitaller forces, which occupied the island and besieged the main town between 1306 and 1309. The Hospital of Saint John, which had emerged as an order in Jerusalem following the Latin conquest of 1099, was originally concerned with the sick and the poor but during the following century it acquired a predominantly military function, becoming a powerful force in Latin Syria. All Hospitaller brethren, whether knights, priests or sergeants, were fully professed religious who took vows of poverty, chastity and obedience; unlike crusaders, who fought for a limited period and against Christians as well as against the infidel, the Order was expected to wage a permanent war directed only against non-Christians. Unsatisfactory restrictions on the Hospitallers’ activities on Cyprus led them to the acquisition of Rhodes, a base from which they could prosecute that holy warfare which had become their major raison d’être, and which justified both their Order’s continuing existence and its enjoyment of its extensive lands and privileges in the West. The maintenance of the Hospitallers’ Rhodian Ordensstaat as a virtually independent island order state depended on their Western manpower and on the incomes of their European properties; it required the fortification of the harbour-city, the upkeep of a small fleet, the organization of a class of marinarii to row their galleys, and the care and protection of their Greek subjects on whose cooperation they depended. It also necessitated the settlement of the countryside and the development of an agrarian population which would support and help to supply the Order’s central establishment in Rhodes town. Having taken the three main castles outside the town in 1306, the Hospitallers must have gained control of the countryside at least in the northern and eastern parts of the island, but in the following three years, during which they were besieging the city, part of the rural population possibly sought refuge in the town while their fields may well have been ravaged, depopulated and left partly uncultivated. As a Latin religious order, the Hospital was subject to the pope who in 1307 recognized its right to hold the island of Rhodes in virtual independence.1 1  Luttrell (2003), 171, 180.

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ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE

On Cyprus in 1306, the Master and Hospital had made a pact with Vignolo de Vignoli for the conquest of various unnamed Aegean islands; a separate ­agreement, reached near Limassol, declared that on Rhodes Vignolo was to have the casale which he claimed that he held there by imperial grant together with another casale of his choice [1].2 However, Vignolo was soon dead, apparently by 1314, and the agreement lapsed, though his heirs were eventually able to secure the casale of Lardos which they then held in fief from the Hospital.3 The Hospitaller Order was governed by a Master who was elected for life but who had in many matters to act with the counsel and assent of the senior brethren in the Convent, or headquarters, on Rhodes. In, or soon after 1309, the Convent was established in Rhodes where chapters-general held in 1311 and 1314 began to adapt the Order’s legislation to its new circumstances. As the head of a corporation, established both in the West and the East, the Master was constrained to act constitutionally in agreement with the Order’s oligarchy and in accordance with its statutory legislation, but in his role as ruler on Rhodes he had much greater freedom. There he could appoint to administrative offices, grant lands and issue or confirm written contracts to secular Latins and Greeks. His general powers over the island and its rural incomes, established in a statute of 1314, confirmed in 1332, gave the Master special personal interests on Rhodes itself: Estabblit es que lo Maestre rete a ssa ma l’ila de Rodas e las autras illas de la mayso de poder las tenir a ssa ma o a ordenarlo on be li semblara per lo cosselh dels prodeshomes, e lo priorat d’Ongria e la baylia del Ducame,4 e poder de coffermar a las gens seculieyras las letras de so que teno de la mayso de Rodas, e que cestas causas aio tan de fermetat coma se fosso fachas en capitol general.5 The territorial units established outside the town were the castellania or castellany, an administrative area which was often, or perhaps always, attached to a castle or to its castellan; the casale, roughly equivalent to a village, hamlet or some kind of nucleated group of dwellings, and to the estates around it; and the contrata which was an undefined district smaller than a casale. These divisions were already recognized in a statute of 1314 allotting rural incomes, supposedly worth 30,000 bezants or about 4,500 florins, to the Order’s Conventual hospital in Rhodes town; if the rents of those places

2 That there were two separate pacts has not been recognized and was maybe linked to a visit to the Hospitaller Master at Kolossi, near Limassol, by Bonifazio di Grimaldi of Genoa whom the Master had summoned to his presence: Cronaca del Templare, 326. 3  Infra, 3–5, 85, 123, 144, 156, 175–7. 4  Hungary and the Duchy of Athens. 5  Estatutos, 171.

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ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE

designated did not suffice, they were to be supplemented from those of the Castellany of Filerimos: Item establi est que pour les xxx.m bezans que doit avoir l’ospitalier soit obliges le casal dou Salarco et le casal de Polleune avoec ses apertenances Damaillee Solus et Plataine et Laureus et Calopetra jusques as confines de Damatrie et Diascore, le casal que fu de sire Vignol, et se toutes cestes choses non sofizalent au conplement dou devant dit .xxx.m bezans que de la restante a conplir fussent tenues le rendes de la chastelenie de Filerme.6 This statute may have been implemented only briefly; the Vignoli casale of Lardos had already been granted out as a fief before 1326 [3] and the statute was quashed in 1332.7 Statutes concerning country landholding were periodically passed in chapter-general. In 1311 it was decreed that any Hospitaller might, with superior licence, buy a house or land on Rhodes and might build on such land, and he could hold such property for life or lease it to another Hospitaller; on his death the property was to be given to another Hospitaller of the same langue.8 A Hospitaller could give, sell or bequeath property to another Hospitaller [108, 168, 186] or rent it to a secular person [129]. Another statute of 1311 declared that the ‘high and low’ justice of the whole island, together with the comerc or customs dues and the lands and jurisdictions within or outside the town, were all to be under the command of the Grand Preceptor, except for lands given to Hospitallers and to seculars by the Master; if these last lands produced any income it was to go to the Treasury, while if any brethren with such lands died their animals and their slaves were to remain in place to maintain the property, except however that the Marshal was to retain his rights in these possessions.9 It was decided in 1332 that on the death of brethren holding a casale on Rhodes, its animals and slaves were to remain on the casale and be recorded in writing by the Treasury; deceased brethren’s gardens, vines and animals, whether belonging to a casale or to some other holding, were to pass to the Treasury.10 An ordinance of 1337 empowered the Master, with counsel from the proceres or senior brethren, to grant lands on Rhodes and Kos supra anneam, a phrase   6  Paris, Ms. français, 1978, f. 120v–121. These places were Salakos, Apollona, Dimilia, Solus (Soloros?: unlocated), Platania, Laureus (Lavros? unlocated), Kalopetra ( just west of Psinthos), Damatria, Dyaskoros and Filerimos;Vignolo’s casale was probably Lardos [3, 5].The text seems to mean that the five apertenances lay within the areas of Salakos and Apollona (as did Dimilia, Kalopetra and Platania) and that those areas stretched as far as the borders of Damatria and Dyaskoros (to their north). The Byzantine term chorion is not known before 1423, except in the place-names Neocorio and Dyaskoros; it was also used for Lindos in a Magistral bull in Greek in 1440: Luttrell (1992), 325–6.  7 Estatutos, 166–71.   8  Paris, Ms. français, 1978, f. 115–115v; Estatutos, 169 (wrongly as of 1307).   9  Paris, Ms. français, 1978, f. 116v–117; français 13,531, f. 38. 10  Malta 280, f. 24v, the second mention of ‘animals’ seems contradictory and may have been a scribal error.

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ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE

meaning that such grants made between chapters-general were to have the same validity as if they had been issued by chapter-general; the point regarding the Master’s own possessions and all ‘other causes’ on Rhodes and the islands was reaffirmed in 1344.11 A statute of 1354 declared that on the death of a Hospitaller, any wine in his possession which was for sale should go, together with his grain and other items, to the Treasury, as was already the custom, but wine which had been held for a deceased Hospitaller’s own consumption was to pass to the Marshal. In 1367 a statute stated that the Master might, using his Magistral bull, grant lands and vineyards to seculars at cens, census or rent, as was already the custom.12 The Order’s documents did not define the term casale, which was in common use in many Mediterranean lands, except that the boundaries of the casale of Kalamonas were given in 1358 [60], those of Myrtonas in 1401 [171] and those of the much enlarged casale of Salakos, which was a very extensive estate, were described in great detail in a grant of 1422 [207]. The Hospitallers employed the term with regard to Rhodes in 1306, even before its conquest [1]. A casale might include several villages or dispersed settlements [207]; granted with it were its population, its lands, its slaves and its animals [39]. Its holder received part of its produce. He had some jurisdiction in his casale and presumably held a court of some kind. He might imprison, shave or beat his subjects but could not inflict the pena sanguinis involving bloodshed.13 His serfs were not to leave the casale and were to be returned if they did so [130, 179]; furthermore, they were not to marry outside it without his permission [207]. A casale could belong to a Hospitaller or to some other Latin, but not to a Greek. Technically a Hospitaller did not hold a casale in fief. In 1382 the casale of Apollona was granted to Fr. Domenico de Alamania for life [112]. In 1401 Fr. Domenico donated the casale of Myrtonas to the Italian langue [171]. Normally the fiefholder paid an annual census seu servicium due on 24 June [3–4, 207]; in 1329 Folco de Vignoli was to owe four rotoli of wax each year as well as the military service of one Latin man and his horse, conditions still applying in 1391 and 1402 [5, 144, 177]. The text of 1329 apparently showed that the census included a money payment since the amount due was to be fixed after a consideration of the value of the casale, of the Hospital’s interest and of what Folco could afford [4]. The service demanded from the few other secular fief-holders was minimal; in 1374 Giovanni Corsini owed for Dyaskoros the service of one armed man [99] and in 1422 Antonio Cattaneo’s contract for Salakos made no mention of any military service [207]. In 1358 a Hospitaller was to pay 40 ­florins of Florence a year for the casale of Kalamonas [60]. Both through their family background in the West and through their past administration of subject populations on their extensive Syrian and Cypriot 11  Malta 280, f. 37v, 52. 12  Estatutos, 196, 206. The question of the brethren’s wine reappeared in 1392 and later: Delaville (1913), 381–3; Sarnowsky (2011), XVII 50. 13  E.g. [5, 85, 112, 125, 144, 177, 207].

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ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE

possessions, many Hospitallers would have had experience in the management of country estates.14 Especially during their years on Cyprus after 1291, some brethren would have become familiar with a Greek peasantry and its rural institutions. The administration of the countryside, involving notaries, tax collectors and others, was overseen by a group of Hospitaller officers: by the Bailiff of the island of Rhodes, by the Castellan of Rhodes, by the castellans of individual castellanies and, to some extent, by the Master’s seneschal or his procurators. In 1314 it was decreed that there should be a chamberlain de Rodes who was to be a senior bailiff named in chapter general15 but no such official was again mentioned as a senior Conventual bailiff; his position may have been similar to that held by the Bailiff of Rhodes at latest by 1347, when a statute established that the possessions of these various officials were on their holder’s death to pass not to the Treasury but to the Master, except for their incomes which were to go to the Treasury; in 1356 the Master was, with counsel and assent, to appoint the Castellan of Rhodes; in 1367 the Master was to ‘retain’ in his service, among others, the Castellan of Rhodes, the Bailiff of Rhodes and his own seneschal.16 Appointments and grants often benefited a Master’s familiares or other dependents, ensuring him of a useful element of patronage. The Bailiff of Rhodes was often instructed to induct persons into their landed properties [140, 147–8, 161]; he might lease out lands [96], deal with serfs [130], receive rents and produce [37, 39, 60], permit the construction of a mill on conditions which he established [82] or investigate crimes [182]. In 1351, for example, he was involved in the collection of monies due [51], and he may have had an overall responsibility for agrarian matters; in 1390 he was to be consulted about the number of plough oxen to be imported [139]. In 1365 the Master issued a quittance for various incomes on the island for which they were responsible to his seneschal, to the castellan of two castellanies and to a Hospitaller without office [81, 83–4]. The Castellan of Rhodes headed the legal hierarchy and its various judges.17 He was responsible for a limited area of the countryside outside the town walls, including Asgourou [30] and many minor places, but the Castellanies of Trianda [59], Filerimos [5, 83], Villanova [100, 165] and Afandou [161] were presumably outside the Castellany of Rhodes; and above all he had jurisdiction within the town where he had a court in the castellania building.18 He might grant out lands of the Order [25]. At the local level a Greek protos was head of a protaria, a position of some authority [10, 15, 206] functioning with the local omotes or elders in community affairs.19 Only Lindos with its port was large enough to have some sort of comunis or council 14  Riley-Smith, 171–80; Carraz (2017). 15  Paris, Ms. français, 1978, f. 120. 16  Estatutos, 187, 203–4, 211–2. 17  The description of the administrative and judicial system in Sarnowsky (2011), XII, is useful though based on a text of 1509 which largely concerns the town. 18  Idem (2011), XII 4–5; Manoussou-Della (2013), 94–6, locates the castellania building just inside the castello. 19 Tsirpanlis (1995), 43–5, 236; infra, 55.

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ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE

for the men of the castle and suburbium in 1314;20 it was described as a borgum of the castle [38] and it had a considerable number of churches.21 The seneschal too was concerned with the Master’s interests, expenditures and incomes; in 1365, for example, he was dealing with the accounts which reported the Master’s profits from the countryside, and which included incomes from his gardens and his expenditures on an aqueduct. In that year those accounts were audited by the Prior of Pisa on behalf of the Master and Treasury, were approved by the Master and Convent and were then copied into the Treasury’s ‘cartularies’ [75]. Years later in 1415, at a moment of deep and widespread corruption on Rhodes, the Castellan of Rhodes and the Bailiff of Rhodes were among those called upon to implement reforms [196]. The chapter-general of 1379, seeking to restrict the powers of the Master, Fr. Juan Fernández de Heredia, admitted that the revenues of the island belonged to the Master but provided for two visitors to control his officers’ activities; these officers were to be paid by the Master and not by the Treasury. That chapter declared that all of a deceased Master’s grants of Rhodian casali were to be quashed on his death, and it declared that his officials were normally to be Hospitaller brethren or donats rather than seculars and that the Council was to choose them, but then a statute of 1383 passed by the Master Fernández de Heredia stated that the Master could choose his various Rhodian officials.22 In fact, from 1382 to 1415 Dragonetto Clavelli, the domineering procurator of two successive Masters and their major agent on Rhodes, was not a Hospitaller.23 When in 1382 a turcopole in the casale of Lardos was under accusation, it was the fief-holder of the casale who was to investigate and possibly replace him [123] and in fact those who held fiefs did have some jurisdiction over lesser crimes [5, 85, 144, 207]. The Master himself may have visited fortifications and casali; in January 1421 he was in the far south at Kattavia and then at Villanova [198–200]. Some years later a proposed statute of 1446 declared that the Master should visit the whole island every April and October to hear local complaints and see to the repair of castles.24 Those Hospitallers responsible would have had a system of account keeping based on their experience in the West where many brethren carried out sophisticated administrative duties in the countryside and were well a­ ccustomed to managing incomes and expenditures.25 The Convent had scribes who produced permanent records, though Magistral documents, grants or pardons for example, might be written or copied as far away as Avignon or elsewhere in the West. The scribes, being Latins, would not always have been familiar with Greek or with Rhodian personal names and toponyms, and they seem 20  Luttrell (1992),VII 331–2. 21  Infra, 57–8; Gallas, 209, 212, 215–22. 22  Delaville (1913), 208, 216–7; Estatutos, 220; Edició crítica, 383. 23  Delaville (1913), 224 n. 1. 24  Malta 1698, f. 31v (–). 25  Borchardt – Carraz – Venturini (2015); Carraz (2017).

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sometimes to have scrawled their words in illegible despair. Areas of land were often calculated in modiates, larger holdings being expressed in round figures while small plots might be given more precisely; thus a text of 1347 contained a grant of 25 modiates, of which two and a half modiates were classed as vines [28]; a grant of 1358 concerned 50 modiates of cultivated lands, 50 modiates of uncultivated land and four modiates of vines and gardens [63]. There was no indication that actual measurements were made with ropes, chains or poles. Estates were frequently described as being within a casale or a castellany, and they were often defined in terms of their neighbours, of adjacent roads and of physical features such as churches, hills or rivers. In the Roman and Byzantine system, property boundaries were systematically recorded according to a fixed order, often beginning with the eastern limit,26 but no such regular approach was followed on Hospitaller Rhodes. Words such as territorium, contrata and locum were, purposely perhaps, left vague. The term castellan had a wide range of meanings throughout the Latin world. Before 1291 Hospitaller castellans in Syria were major military and administrative figures controlling wide areas from powerful castles.27 On Rhodes that was not the case. Filerimos had a castellany by 131428 and a castellan in 1329 [4], Lindos had a castellan by 1326 [3] and Feraklos a castellan by 1325 when, however, its castellan was at Aix-en-Provence.29 A castellan was not necessarily resident in his castellany and the office, which must have brought some status and profit, could be delegated to a lieutenant [131, 149]. In 1365 Fr. Bertrin de Gagnac held two castellanies, Feraklos and Filerimos, and paid dues in money and kind for them to the Master [83]. There was a Castellany of Trianda in 1358 [59] and a Castellany of Afandou in 1392 [149]. In 1326 the Castellan of Lindos was required to assent to the granting as a fief of the casale of Lardos [3]. Castellans might have other duties, such as for example that of guarding Hospitaller brethren imprisoned in their castle [121, 191, 193]. There were already Byzantine castles at Lindos, Feraklos, Filerimos and elsewhere in 1306, and there was an ‘old castle’ in the area of Artamitis in 1359 [69]. The Hospitallers seem largely to have built upon the existing system. There was a castello, perhaps a fortified palace, at the Master’s place of villeggiatura at Villanova by 1338,30 a casale at Trianda in 1382 [118] and a castle at Kattavia by 1410 [189];31 Armia may have had a fortalicium in 1404 [180]. In addition to the castles at Feraklos,32 at Filerimos33 and at Lindos, the last with a castellan in 1326 [3], later castellans included those at Siana in 1381 26  Metcalfe (2012). 27  Pringle (2013). 28  Supra, 22. 29  Reg.Vat. 82, f. 209. 30  Luttrell (2003), 213; Stefanidou (2004), 96–9, pls. 18–21. 31  Idem (2002), 208. 32  Idem (2004), 85–6, pls. 7–8. 33  Ibid., 106–10 pls. 28–30.

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[104], Apolakkia in 1393 [157], Kattavia in 1413 [193] and Katagros in 1422 [206]. By 1422 Afandou was an oppidum and Chalki had a castle. Seven years later, the Buondelmonti map of 1429 showed as fortifications Lindos, Feraklos, Afandou, Filerimos, Villanova, Kremasti, Soroni, Lachania, Siana and possibly Trianda, together with towers at Salakos, Kattavia and Vasilika.34 Most, or perhaps all, castellanies contained a castle;35 their boundaries seem not to have been defined in writing. Their number increased with time and many decades later, in 1475, the Order listed 12 castles, including the main town, to which the inhabitants of 33 named casali were to retreat in the case of serious danger.36 There was a general obligation on the population to serve in defence of the island in times of necessity.37 It was important to build and maintain the island’s castles, and countrymen had an obligation to construct bridges, roads and fortifications [85, 166]. The English pilgrim of 1345 stated that Rhodes had ‘many casali and castles’.38 The safety of the island depended above all on the defence of the main city but the other fortresses had their roles: to resist coastal landings and razzias; to function as administrative centres and as places of retreat for the population [166]; and in some cases to be used as lookout and signalling stations. Castles might also serve to police the road systems and to control the inhabitants, though the islanders seem to have been reasonably content with the Hospitaller regime39 and there was no sign of large rural garrisons.40 There were at least three categories of military men who were not Hospitaller brethren: sergentes, servientes and turcopoli. The Order’s various documents did not distinguish clearly between their functions and status, and many served in the town rather than outside it. Non-Hospitaller sergentes seem to have been of different types, and some were evidently foot soldiers as opposed to the mounted turcopoli. Reform proposals, made in France in about 1340, called for 50 secular men-at-arms each with a horse to be stationed in the Convent and, somewhat unrealistically, for 1,000 servientes to defend the Rhodian castles and islands.41 Other proposals, datable between 1334 and 1342, suggested that 100 Hospitaller sergeants, each with a horse, should replace the mercenaries in the Convent who were described as tricoples sive soldadarii.42 In 1391 the Commander of Kos was to maintain 100 paid men: homines centum inter tricoplos et sergentes ad stipendia solita.43 There were at least a few sergenti in the 34  Hassall, plate 138 A; infra, 72. 35  Castellanies are documented earlier than castles at Trianda, Apolakkia, Siana, Kattavia, Katagros and Afandou. 36  Sarnowsky (2001), 642–3; it is not always clear that a castellany had a castle or which castle had a castellan. 37  E.g. Luttrell (1992),VII 318–9; Tsirpanlis (1995), 250–1. 38  Luttrell (2003), 222. Study of the castles and their dates is hindered by the lack of excavation and by difficulties in dating their material remains. 39  E.g. ibid., 167–70. 40  Information on garrisons is lacking. 41  Paris, Ms. latin, 4191, f. 135, 137v. 42 Toulouse, H Malte 237, para. 11.

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countryside where they may have served to defend castles. Some time before 1346 the Master Villeneuve ordered the Latin Richardon Boeuf, a francus homo from Provence with a Greek wife, to reside in the casale of Villanova as a sergentus and to perform there an undefined servitium sargenti [88]. Thomasius Astra was appointed to the office of the sergentaria of Feraklos and its incomes in 1393 [158].44 Feraklos and Lindos were major castles and presumably had at least a small garrison. In 1399 a vineyard in the Castellany of Villanova was given to a magister sergentus mortatorum [165] but, since there was no hint that cannon or mortars were employed in the countryside at any time before 1423, he presumably served in Rhodes town. There was, in addition, a class of servientes who were somehow attached to a castle and held lands close to it. In 1347 Georgius de Crato, serviens of the castle at Filerimos, and his heirs and successors were granted lands nearby and so, together with his heirs, was Raphael de Aurenga, serviens of the same castle, while one of his neighbours was Guillermus Martini who was also a serviens of Filerimos castle [13–14]. In 1347 Georgius Saliba, presumably of Syrian origin, was a serviens of the castle at Feraklos and was granted land there [17]; in 1348 Libity de Zipro, possibly a Syrian from Cyprus, was a serviens of the castle at Lindos where he and his heirs were granted a gardinus in the borgo there [38]. These men may have guarded castles but they were not mercenaries since they held lands near their castle. They may have been trusted because they were not Greeks but Syrians, of whatever language, liturgy or sect, who had come from Syria or Cyprus with the Hospitallers and who depended on them.45 In fact, Nompar de Caumont noted in 1419 that the Hospital’s castles were well guarded by men who were not Greeks.46 In 1395 there was an office of the magisteria sergentarie surianorum,47 though that perhaps involved Syrians in the town where, in 1440, there was a church of Saint George of the Syrians.48 In 1400 Niquita de Assiza claimed that his father and family were hommes francs surians, that his uncle was from Jerusalem and that his ancestors had fought for the Hospital on Kos, on Imbros and at Smyrna; two of the witnesses to his case had the Arabic name of Sayt.49 Several Syrians held land near each other in 1402 [173]. In a different category were the turcopoles who were apparently mounted men. In Syria and elsewhere the term was applied, irrespective of their racial origins, to light cavalry and the military orders employed such troops to protect their possessions.50 On Rhodes, an island with little need to maintain a major 43  Malta 325, f. 186–187 (180–181). 44  The text spoke of the magisteria sergenterie, the officium sergenterie, the sergenteria and a magnum sergenterium. 45  Cf. Luttrell (1978), IV 57–8; idem (1992), XIX 137; [35–7, 105, 170, 199]; Coureas (2007); Vatin (1994), 32. 46  Le voyatge, 51. 47  Paris, Ms. français 1978, f. 121v–122. 48 Tsirpanlis (1995), 383–4. 49  Luttrell (1978), IV 57–9. 50  Savvides (1993).

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cavalry force, the term acquired various meanings. In 1314 the Marshal was personally allotted three turcopoles, the Drapier two, the Turcopolier one, and so on.51 In 1347 Janni the turcopole, perhaps stationed in the city, held a vineyard which was probably outside the town [22]. Presumably, the turcopoles in the city could be employed as a cavalry force outside the town.52 In 1395 there was an officer who held the officium bannerie tricopleriorum terre nostre Rodi, the standard bearer of the turcopoles for the town of Rhodes, an office held by Ludovicus d’Andrea who was apparently a Latin.53 In 1351 Peyrolus de Negroponte was granted for life the office of tricopleria of Dyaskoros at the standard monthly wage for a holder of that office consisting of eight bezants and of three modia of wheat and five modia of barley, at least part of the barley possibly being for his horse [45]. A turcopulos named Bussottus held an office in the casale of Lardos in 1382 [123]. Such turcopoles continued to serve in the countryside; thus in 1440 the Turcopolier was instructed that while on his visitations of the turcopoles he was not to demand food from them on more than two days a year.54 The Turcopolier, who commanded the turcopoles in the countryside, was a Conventual bailiff who, from 1330 onwards, belonged to the langue of England.55 From 1445 at least he was largely to be exempted from interference by local castellans in carrying out his duties of visiting, and sometimes punishing, the viglocomites who manned the watch towers.56 A statute of 1410 had already decreed that the Turcopolier could not and should not ‘change’, which presumably meant dismiss, the turcopoles without showing due cause.57 Some fortifications had an enceinte with a tower or donjon which might be built into the perimeter walls, sometimes in one corner of the site.58 Of the major castles, that at Lindos in the south-east was taken, perhaps without resistance, very probably in 1306, and was then apparently used as a Hospitaller base; the deposed Master Fr. Foulques de Villaret took refuge and resisted siege 51  Paris, Ms. français 1978, f. 121v–122. 52  However, the sending of light cavalry out of the town against Turkish incursions is only known from 1475 onwards: Bosio, ii. 353, 366, 397, 572, 584; Luttrell (2011), 213. The situation differed on Kos where in 1472 certain inhabitants had long owed an equestrian service and were excused other obligations: ibid., 214. 53  Malta 329, f. 130–131 (130–131). 54  Stabilimenta, 190–1, 348. 55  Luttrell (2003), 19. It is not clear whether the Turcopolier had any responsibilities in relation to turcopoles in the town. 56  Post-1423 detail in O’Malley (2005), 304–12, showing that, after 1423 at least, the countryside turcopoles were rustici who had their own animals and that they were horsed. 57  … qu’el turcopler no puxe ni deie cambiar ni metre los turcoples dela yillia si el no mostre justa scusacio davant lo mestre e’l conseyll per la voluntat del mestre e del conseyll puxe ffer dir sa scusacio, e altrement no: Toulouse, H Malte 13, f. 74v. 58  Many are roughly described and illustrated in Gerola (1914–16) but without useful dates. Poutiers, 251–94, gives rudimentary plans and descriptions, but with little use of written sources. The clearest, if somewhat outdated, general survey is in Spiteri, 126–53, with plans, photos and hypothetical reconstructions; further illustrations in Stefanidou (2002). Heslop (2008) is mostly devoted to post1423 fortifications, but pre-1423 developments are discussed infra, 72–7. No study of the castles themselves is attempted here.

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there in 1317.59 The castle occupied part of a large ancient akropolis some 8,380 metres square, situated on a sloping plateau, high above the sea and overlooking a small port and a borgo [51]. It was approached up steep steps, leading to an inner bailey with houses for the garrison and maybe for others; a watch tower and a pre-existent Byzantine chapel; some of the extensive Hospitaller rebuilding, including a house for the castellan, was quite probably carried out before 1423;60 the castle had a fossa or prison by 1366.61 Feraklos castle, already in ruins by 1306, was not unlike that at Lindos to which it was quite close. It too was an ancient walled akropolis built on a flat plateau and subsequently used as a Byzantine castle; covering some 1700 square metres with a perimeter of 680 metres, it too was approached up steps to an outer gate and within its perimeter walls were houses, cisterns and other buildings. The Hospitallers had defensible buildings and a chapel there from some point during the decades after 1309.62 The third major castle, at Filerimos some 11 kilometres south-west of Rhodes town, was situated on the ancient akropolis of Ialysos. It resisted a considerable siege in 1249 and did so again in 1306 until captured, but only through treachery, late in that year.63 In 1396 Ogier d’Anglure visited Filerimos where he heard of a man lately deceased who had been at its siege in 1306 and who had reported that, because the castle had been so difficult to take, the Hospitallers had, in revenge, expelled its inhabitants who had fled into churches there;64 the Order apparently dismantled the extensive Byzantine fortifications but maintained the fortified inner castle at one end of the site. The hilltop was rather long and narrow; perimeter walls 700 metres in length enclosed some 2,000 square metres. Parts of the ancient and Byzantine castle survived in ruins, the dirupum of 1347 [13–14]. There had been well over six Byzantine flanking towers, Byzantine churches and possibly a Byzantine monastery.65 A Hospitaller castellan was in residence at Filerimos in 1396.66 There were other surviving Byzantine castles, for example at Paliokastro near Kattavia, at Erimokastro near Arnitha, at Kitala near Embonas and possibly at Monolithos and Lardos, as well as towers and fortified churches spread across the island.67 After 1309, there were a number of castles or sometimes a 59  Luttrell (2003), 172, 189. 60  Sørensen – Pentz, 159–235; Spiteri, 130–1. 61  Delaville (1913), 172 n. 3. 62  Spiteri, 126–9; Stefanidou (2002), 192–3; idem (2004), pls. 28–30; supra, 18–9, 26. Feraklos awaits study. 63  Supra, 18–9; Luttrell (2003), 193, 195. Chroniques d’Amadi, 257–8, gave the date as 11 November. A Templar writing from Cyprus on 30 April 1307 reported the fall of Jueus or Yueus (Ialysos ?): Luttrell (2003), 171. 64  Le saint voyage, 92–3. 65  Balducci (1931); Livadotti – Rocco, 266–70; Gallas, 229–34; Spiteri, 132–3; Luttrell (forthcoming a); infra, 63. The various modern accounts are confusing and require proper study. Chroniques d’Amadi, 257–8, refers to churches in the plural. 66  Le saint voyage, 193 n. 1. 67  Heslop (2007–2008).

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tower or fortified house surrounded by or adjoining ordinary village houses.68 Many castles were reportedly destroyed or damaged in a great earthquake in 1366 circa.69 The castle at Villanova, also known as Paradissi, only 16 kilometres from the town, was built like a fortified palace and served as the Master’s country retreat. The main building was rectangular, about 50 metres long and constructed with squared stones and rectangular courses; it had low vaulted chambers with pointed Gothic arches and a round tower.70 When in 1422 Salakos was granted in fief to Antonio Cattaneo, he was forbidden to build any fortification there [207] but quite probably it already had a tower.71 The offshore isle of Chalki had a castle above its main harbour72 but the whole island was so exposed that by 1450 it had only 20 inhabitants.73 Probably there were walled villages.74 The standard Mediterranean watch towers, known in Greek as vigles, were situated around the coasts or on relatively high ground inland primarily as look-out and signalling points; often roughly constructed, some were large and some small, some round and some square.75 Warnings reached the main town by way of the nearby summit on Mount Saint Stephen.76 These lookouts could send very crude messages by fire, smoke or mirror, using simple codes to warn of shipping movements and approaching danger.77 In case of attack, the villagers were to take refuge in a nominated safe castle [85, 166]. The Buondelmonti map of 1429 showed a large coastal tower with the name Vasilika written by it.78 The inhabitants of the casali were obliged to keep watch, presumably in these towers, under pain of punishment.79 In 1366 an agreement was made with Borrello Assanti for the construction, on a site to be chosen by Hospitaller representatives, of a stone

68  Poutiers, 253–94; Stefanidou (2002), 197–217; idem (2004), pls. 1–35; Spiteri, 134–50. Many fortifications cannot be dated before 1423. 69  Luttrell (2007), X 146–8. 70  Sommi Picenardi, 208–10; Spiteri, 149; Stefanidou (2002), 209; idem (2004), plates 18–20. 71  A tower (on the Buondelmonti map of 1429) was drawn in 1854: Stefanidou (2002), 200. See also Fig. 2. 72  Gerola (1914–1916), ii. 6–9; Spiteri, 158–9; Stefanidou (2002), 221–2; Heslop (2011), 140–2; infra, 69. 73 Tsirpanlis (1995), 563–6. 74  The Caoursin manuscript of circa 1481 showed a group of houses surrounded by a wall: De Vaivre – Vissière, pl. 20. The Breydenbach engraving of 1483 showed several walled properties with entrance gates just outside the town: Gabriel, i, fig. 2. 75 Such towers, often rebuilt, cannot at present be dated: considerable detail, sometimes contradictory, in Spiteri, 151–3; Stefanidou (2002), 215–7, figs. 213–6; Lock (2006); Heslop (2008), 191, 195–8; Losse (2009). Spiteri, 151, claims that the Hospitallers built no such towers before 1400; most did apparently date to the more threatening post-1423 period. Lock (2006) requires considerable amendment, especially to his repeated references to Greek archontes and their possible buildings or ‘archontic towers’ for which there is no evidence. 76  De Vaivre – Vissière, 123, 193. 77  Luttrell (2012). 78  Hassall, pl. 138A. 79  E.g. [6–7, 85]; Luttrell (2012), 128.

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tower with a cistern on the small island of Alimnia. The tower was to measure three by two canne and be at least four canne in height; Borrello was to maintain in it a guard of three men and the Hospital would contribute another three [95].80 That was not a typical lookout arrangement because it was on a small island and so required permanent defenders. From the time when the Ottoman Bayezid began his submission of Western Anatolia in 1389, there was apparently an increase in Turkish raids on the Hospital’s lesser islands lying north-west of Rhodes.81 There was an abortive proposal to build a castle at Archangelos on Rhodes itself in 1400 [166], and in about 1419 Cristoforo Buondelmonti reported that the inhabitants of the Hospital’s island of Nisyros, which had five inhabited oppida, withdrew into the main town every night,82 but down to 1423 the Rhodian defences proved broadly sufficient for their purpose, partly because the island suffered no serious invasion until the Mamluk assaults launched from Egypt in 1440 and 1444.

80 When the existing tower on Alimnia was built is uncertain: Stefanidou (2002), 221–2; Spiteri, 158–60; Heslop (2011), 140–3. An ‘old tower’ on Alimnia needed repair in 1476: Gabriel, i. 147. 81  E.g. Luttrell – Zachariadou, 43, 56, 80, 99. 82  Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), f. 46v; Gerola (1914), 470–1.

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3 SETTLEMENT, ECONOMY AND SOCIETY

In order to help sustain and defend their island, it was important for the Hospitallers on Rhodes to increase its rural population and its agrarian production. In 1309 the Order acquired a countryside which must have been partly depopulated1 and partly uncultivated, and which lacked a landed Greek nobility or local leadership. The Hospital secured lands on Rhodes which passed to the Order or to individual brethren, or which it granted out to others, but many indigenous Greeks and their ecclesiastical institutions retained their properties. In 1309 the Hospitallers explicitly guaranteed their possessions to the Rhodians who were to become subjects of the Order in the same way as they had previously been of the emperor at Constantinople, and the Hospital was soon encouraging immigrants in order to strengthen its position on its islands.2 Lands which did for some reason revert or pass to the Order could be leased out or farmed directly either by the Master’s agents or by individual brethren who acquired estates. Not unnaturally many written grants involved lands in the areas close to the main town where population was denser. The more fertile regions were along valleys and rivers and in the plains in the north-west and south-east of the island. However, there were settlements across many of the habitable areas of the countryside with development often based on the expansion of existing villages and smaller settlements rather than on the foundation of new ones. The Hospitallers had extensive experience of settlement and repopulation in Europe and especially in South-West France and the Hispanic peninsula. They attempted to attract settlers to Rhodes by offering lands to Westerners to be held in fief, by leasing lands for rent through emphyteusis and other forms of contract, and by importing slaves who could gradually be absorbed into the agrarian population. In May 1306 the Hospitallers agreed that Vignolo de Vignoli, whose family came from Chiavari some way south-east of Genoa,3 1  The figure of 10,000 persons in town and country in 1306, repeated in Luttrell (1978), III 755 n. 8, is an unsubstantiated guess; the total may have been quite different. 2  Cronaca del Templare, 330; Luttrell (2003), 77, 172, 187. 3  Pavoni, 69–71.

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should hold two casali on Rhodes; this pact was not a contract involving a fief with homage or service [1]. An initial policy sought to implant Latin feudal arrangements in the countryside. In 1313 the Order offered lands on Rhodes or on the Turkish mainland to be held in feudum perpetuum to any Western Latin, knight or otherwise, who would come, with or without wife and family, and would maintain a war horse and other animals together with two men, of whom one was to be ‘apt in arms’. A noble who was not a knight would be bound to keep a horse and either a crossbowman or an undefined ‘lance’. Any serviens pedes or any agricultor who would come to settle and serve on foot was offered land and feudal possessions on Rhodes or on the Anatolian mainland. Those who came would be maintained for a year at the Hospital’s expense and horses and other animals would be provided. All such settlers and their heirs and successors were to owe military service on Rhodes itself or on the mainland nearby, with service of more than one day outside the Hospital’s lands at the Order’s expense. Similarly offered to those who would provide a galley or other vessel or serve at sea as a galley captain, as a naucherius or probably steersman, or as an oarsman [2]. A fief was created through an arrangement between its lord and his vassal; only a free man could enter into such a contract as a vassal. Thereafter, the lord owed the vassal protection in the form of a fief which usually consisted of land and its rights; the vassal took an oath of loyalty and owed service, usually military service, to his lord. In practice the service might be replaced by a cash payment or a symbolic contribution in wax or capons. A status as fief-holders was established in 1316 for Giovanni and Bonavita Assanti of Ischia who held the nearby island of Nisyros, though unusually it required naval rather than land-based military service. The fief was held jointly by the Assanti brothers in feudum pro indiviso as convassalli, and in 1347 the fief’s galley service was commuted for an annual payment of 200 florins.4 Apart from the special case of the Vignoli family, who benefited from a claim derived from the pact of 1306, there seems to have been no further fief on Rhodes itself before that of Dyaskoros in 1374 [99]. Hospitaller brethren were granted casali but not as fiefs, presumably because technically they could not hold property outright and had already taken an oath of obedience to the Order. In 1326 Vignolo’s brother, Folco de Vignoli, secured the casale of Lardos in feudum nobile in perpetuity with powers to exercize the merum et mixtum imperium and to inflict the pena sanguinis or blood punishments; he was to serve at his own expense with a Latin man and a horse on Rhodes and in mainland Turquia or elsewhere as required, but at the Hospital’s expense if he served outside the island [3–5].5 In 1365/1366 there was a dispute over service and jurisdictions at Lardos; it was judged that the fief-holder was to provide the armed service of a Latin man in addition to his own service and to guard the casale of Lardos ‘as contained in 4  Delaville (1913), 361–9, 370–3; Luttrell (1978), III 759–63. 5  Exactly what the term feudum nobile meant on Rhodes is not clear; it may have involved a special oath.

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the privilege’ [85]. Subsequently, one third of the fief of Lardos was held by Ferrando de Vignoli bastardus, and on his death his third of the fief escheated to the Order and was in 1391 enfeoffed to Nicolino de Lippo pro tercio indiviso, with the provision that it was to pass only to legitimate male descendants; in 1393 Stefano de Vignoli, who already held the other two parts, contested the grant to Nicolino on the grounds that he Stefano was Ferrando’s nephew and closest relative [144, 156]. In 1402 Stefano’s son Simone was licensed to sell two parts of the casale to the financier Dragonetto Clavelli who was then enfeoffed with the whole casale, the other third having been declared vacant through the death of Ferrando [175–7]. On Clavelli’s death in 1415, he left his possessions to his widow Agnese Crispo but the Master prevented her from securing them in order to protect Clavelli’s creditors;6 probably therefore Lardos passed to the Hospital. Hospitaller Rhodes had no indigenous class of hereditary Latin fief-holders who could exploit the bulk of the population in the dynastic interests of their own family. When the Florentine Giovanni Corsini, who already held the casale of Fanes, was enfeoffed with the casale of Dyaskoros in 1374 he was obliged to provide the service of one armed man at his own expense [99]; when the Genoese Antonio Cattaneo was granted the casale and domus of Salakos in feudum nobile in 1422, he was forbidden to construct any tower or fortification there and the grant made no mention of military service [207].7 When Corsini received Dyaskoros, it was to pass to his descendants by his wife Nicoletta de Leone [99]. By about 1408, Nicoletta had been widowed, had married and had then become the widow of Bernat de Sant Saturnin, who was apparently a Catalan and who had, in 1403, been granted the casale of Dyaskoros for life [179]. Nicoletta was also the heiress of Giovanni Corsini, and by 1408 her heiress Alamana had married the Catalan Bartolomeu Sunyer, a burgensis of Rhodes. In about 1408 complicated disputes over Corsini’s inheritance enabled the Master Philibert de Naillac to secure, at a blatantly low price, the Corsini casale of Fanes which Alamana claimed; apparently the Master would then have been able to sell it at great profit; the Aragonese king intervened in Alamana’s favour with a threat of reprisals [188]. Some grants of fiefs were probably connected to monies advanced to the Order; Giovanni Corsini made loans to the Hospital8 and in 1380 he advanced a considerable sum for the casale of Apollona [103], but on the other hand when Antonio Cattaneo was enfeoffed with Salakos on 26 October 1422 [207], he was on the very same day quit, without explanation, for 3,000 florins of Rhodes and other obligations he 6  Malta 338, f. 191–191v (190–190v); cf. Tsirpanlis (1995), 236–7. 7 The ruins of the tower at Salakos, shown in 1854 in Stefanidou (2002), 200, are not datable before 1423 though there may well have been a tower by then; a tower was shown on the Buondelmonti maps of 1429 onwards: infra, 91. Poutiers, 33, mentions escutcheons with the Cattaneo arms somewhere there, but Gerola (1914–1916), i. 328, spoke more plausibly of the arms of the Master Amboise, elected in 1503. 8  Luttrell (1999), XVII 128.

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owed the Order.9 The Order’s brethren also speculated in rural property; the wealthy Fr. Domenico de Alamania invested in country estates for which he often owed little or no rent [108, 112, 125, 130, 142, 171]. A different response to the island’s manpower shortage lay in the importation of slaves for both domestic and agricultural labour. Before 1306 Rhodians were being taken away from their island as slaves. Thereafter, Rhodes became a centre for a traffic in slaves, though many of them passed through but did not remain on the island. The Venetians in particular were taking slaves to Rhodes during the decade after 1309, many of them from the Greek mainland where the conquests of the Catalan company helped to create a large pool of captives.10 In 1319 the survivors of allegedly 1,900 rebel Greek islanders from Leros were deported to Rhodes.11 As early as 1311, the chapter general ruled that the slaves of deceased Hospitallers were to remain on the estates on which they were settled. Slaves might belong to the Order, to individual Hospitallers or to others. Once established on the land, slaves could subsequently be freed to become francomati as ‘Roman citizens’ who might then form part of a free peasantry; they did not become serfs. In 1347 Margarita of Negroponte freed some 14 presumably rural slaves and their children, many of them seemingly from Greek lands; one was apparently a mill keeper and another a female shop or tavern keeper [36]. A slave might be freed in return for a payment [55]. Before about 1365 many manumitted slaves had Greek names reflecting their probable origin on an Aegean island or on the Greek mainland, but thereafter slaves were more often Russians, Armenians, Bulgars or others.12 The principal method of settlement employed by the Order was that of granting lands to both Greeks and Latins for rent under a variety of forms of emphyteusis, a standard type of lease under Roman and Byzantine law. Well before 1306 the Hospitallers, for example in Provence where many brethren on Rhodes came from, were preferring emphyteutic leases to enfeoffments.13 An ordinance of 1335 had specifically empowered the Master to make grants in emphyteusis on Rhodes and Kos.14 On occasion, as for example in 1348 and 1352, servile tenure was transformed into an emphyteutic lease [41, 57]. The three main conditions of such leases were the reservation of the grantor’s superior lordship or dominium; the ius prelationis, the grantor’s right to repurchase the property before it could be alienated to anyone else; and the laudimium, the one fiftieth of a property’s value due to the grantor in the case of an alienation or sale. Such emphyteutic leases were typically for 27 years, or occasionally for three times that period, or in perpetuity to the grantee and to his or her heirs or   9 Tsirpanlis (1995), 231–2. 10  Luttrell (1982),VI 82–3. 11  Delaville (1913), 365–7. 12  Luttrell (1982),VI 92–100; Coureas (2017); in many cases it is not clear whether slaves were in town or country, only documents apparently concerning the latter being published below. Except for Caloguero and Anastasius, the slaves freed in 1366 do not seem Greek [92]. 13  Carraz (2017), 59–60, 66. 14  Malta 280, f. 37v (–).

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successors. The written grant sometimes defined the amount of rent due. On Rhodes the property leased might be as large as a whole casale. Such a lease was in no way involved a fief; it might reward past service or be said to do so but it involved no oath of fealty or any military service, though it might include the obligation to plant vines or make other improvements. In a grant of 1347 the Master promised to compensate the grantee for all improvements in the event of the Hospital taking back the land being granted [19]. There were numerous other, usually minor, grants which leased land without emphyteutic clauses but which involved an annual rent. A common alternative arrangement was that of tenure in iuspatronatus by which the possession of property devoted to an ecclesiastical foundation was granted or confirmed to an individual or a family, apparently in most cases to Greeks.15 Country properties on Rhodes were held by Latins as well as by Greeks and quite often by Latins or Greeks who dwelt in the town, so that lands were frequently leased to individual Hospitallers or to town dwellers who did not necessarily reside on them. Thus in 1391 the nobiles of Vignoli held town houses,16 as in 1415 and 1421 did Nicholas Savari, lord of Fanes [197, 202]. A burgensis and habitator of Rhodes held the casale of Myrtonas in 1347 [19] and in 1403 the noble miles Bernat de Sant Saturnin was granted the casale of Dyaskoros for life though not in fief [179]. Country property was held by other urban Latins such as the family of Jacobus Bermundi miles who was a consiliarius of the Master in 1331 [76, 91]; the Leone family;17 Nicolino de Lippo [144, 156, 164]; and Petrus de Jacob.18 In 1422 Nicholaus Belloch, burgensis of Rhodes and almost certainly a Catalan who was therefore able to take advantage of the recent election of a Catalan Master, was granted a mandria for sheep and goats [204]. Genoese and other Italians, southern French and, later, Catalans invested in country property; there was a place known as O Venetos, ‘the Venetian’ [16] and Pietro Gradenigo held land in 1366 [97], but otherwise Venetians seldom if ever held rural estates. Though investment in country properties was evidently attractive to some townspeople, there was no sign that they controlled the rural economy. The Order itself may initially have confiscated lands; it received property through deaths or other vacancies; and it may simply have appropriated deserted properties. Monastic lands on Rhodes may, as elsewhere, have been confiscated by the emperor before 1306.19 The Master had a country retreat at Rhodini some three kilometres south of the main town in 1317, and by 1338 there was a castle at Villanova where the agents of the Florentine banks of the Peruzzi, Bardi and Acciaiuoli combined to build a house with terraces, a well and a garden close to the Master’s residence there.20 15  Infra, 52–6; Luttrell (forthcoming b). 16  Malta 326, f. 129–131 (137–139). 17  Luttrell (2003), 242–4; [7, 202]. 18  E.g. [7, 19, 57, 171]. 19  Smyrlis (2009). 20  Luttrell (2003), 189–90, 213.

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A statute of 1311 permitted Hospitallers who purchased lands or houses or built them on Rhodes to hold them for life and also to give or lease them to another Hospitaller.21 Before 1348 soror Margarita of Negroponte, who was probably a donat of the Hospital, held the casale of Kalamonas [39]. In 1348 a Hospitaller was confirmed for 10 years in his tenure both of the casale of Kalamonas with its slaves and animals and also of the village of Archangelos at the low annual rent for both of 36 aspers or less than two gold florins [39]. Yet, in 1358 and 1366 Kalamonas was in the hands of a Hospitaller owing 40 florins a year [60, 79, 93]. In 1359 a large vineyard, which included ‘hospices’ and ‘houses’, was to pay 150 florins a year [67]. In 1365 the Master received 30 florins, for reasons not clarified, from the casale of Theologos, 25 florins from the casale of Pendia and 155 florins from the casale of Laerma [81]. A casale might be held by a Hospitaller, as at Kalamonas in 1348 and 1358 [39, 60], Apollona in 1382 [112, 117], Lelos and Neocorio in 1383 and 1385 [125, 130], and Armia in 1404 [180]. In 1366 a Hospitaller received a loan on the security of goods he held at Damatria [89], and in 1379 a Hospitaller purchased lands and vines from another Hospitaller who had bought them from a Greek layman [101]. Another Hospitaller was permitted to pass vines and a iardinum to his nephew or nephews or to use them to found chaplaincies [168]. Brethren in fact used country properties to endow chapels and chantries which could support Hospitaller priests.22 Individual Hospitallers presumably managed their holdings through a steward or representative. A Hospitaller might lease out land on a casale he held to a layman who owed a rent and might alienate the land paying a laudimium [129]. In 1404 Fr. Pierre de Bauffremont leased the casale of Armia to Dragonetto Clavelli for five years at 450 florins a year [180]. Rents continued to vary considerably. A burgensis of Rhodes owed 40 florins of Florence a year for the casale of Myrtonas in 1347 [19]. The casale of Afidi paid responsions of 5 florins in 1365 [72]; three other casali owed 300 gold florins in the same year [73]; another three casali owed 200 gold florins in 1366 [98]; Fr. Domenico de Alamania was to give six pairs of capons and a barrel of wine for Lelos, Neocorio and some other property in 1383 [125]. In 1422 the extensive fief centred on Salakos was granted at 150 gold florins of Florence a year [207]. In 1392 a Hospitaller had purchased a vineyard from the Treasury to which he then mortgaged it [152]. The Latin archbishop held certain country possessions.23 Greek deacons also held country possessions [86]. A detailed papal arbitration of 1322 of a dispute 21  Supra, 22. 22  E.g. [127, 142, 168, 171, 189, 195, 202]. 23  The archbishop held a casale in 1382: infra, 51 n. 225. Otherwise his lands are documented only from 1433; in 1515 he held the casali of Katholiki (south of Afandou), Platania, Loros (possibly Lavros), Dimilia and Asklepio: Sarnowsky (2001), 459–60; idem (2011), XIII 195, 204 (map), 215 nn. 16, 25. An inscription and carving at Asklepio dated 1473 showed the papal arms and seven kneeling cathedral canons who had provided a building or foundation there: Gerola (1914–1916), i. 352; Rhodes from the 4th c. A.D., 79; fig. 92.

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between the Order and the archbishop concerned the rights, goods and incomes of the Latin church on Rhodes and of abbeys, monasteries and pious places there. The archbishop was to have 8,000 bezants of Rhodes, the equivalent of 1,231 florins, annually in respect of his own churches, possessions, rights, serfs, villani and rustici; of the tenths and first fruits owing to the archbishop by the Master, by Hospitaller brethren and by other inhabitants; and of dues owed to him by the Master and by others from their goods, rights, serfs, villani and rustici. The archbishop was also supposed to receive the unexplained medietas or half, possibly of incomes derived from their patronage, of all the island’s churches; the canonical portion, usually a quarter, of fees for burials in the Hospital’s churches; and jurisdiction over all Greeks, clerical and lay, with powers to conduct visitations and impose procuration payments when so doing. In 1376 certain Greek schismatics on Rhodes were refusing to pay the tenths owed to the Latin archbishop on the grounds that by custom they had never done so.24 A large number of the grants registered were made to a Master’s familiares or to other members of his household or servants. Estates were naturally granted or leased to Latins who were not Hospitallers. Not all such Latins were based in Rhodes town. Thus in 1347 Raphael de Aurenga, a serviens in the castle at Filerimos, and his heirs received a iardinum and some six modiates of land there which were bounded by the land of Guillermus Martini, another serviens of that castle [14]. In the same year Ser Petrus de Jacob received the casale of Myrtonas and other lands at 40 florins a year [19]. Rents fluctuated considerably, with some vineyards and small holdings owing very small sums. In 1359 Jacques Guitard, who was a doctor and presumably resident in the town, purchased for 150 florins half a vineyard and all the houses within it in the contrata of Alepos;25 that property, previously held jointly pro indiviso by a Hospitaller and an interpreter in the Order’s curia, had six adjacent neighbours, five of whom had Greek names [67]. Estates could be large; thus a grant made in 1338 was for 80 modiates, of which 55 modiates were uncultivated [7], while in 1358 a tenant, probably Latin, received at 10 florins a year in the Castellany of Feraklos a total of 104 modiates consisting of four modiates of vines and gardens, 50 modiates of cultivated land and 50 modiates of uncultivated land which he was to cultivate [63]. In 1359 Antonio Cantarelli was granted the monasterium of Artamitis, in a document which referred to numerous places and features; the grant may have covered 31 square kilometres [69].26 The casale of Fanes was allegedly worth 6,000 ducats in about 1409 [188] and in 1422 the so-termed casale of Salakos was a large estate extending from the area around Salakos to the coast [207]. Individual Hospitallers only occasionally set up foundations some way from the town, for example, a chapel at Kattavia in 1410 [189] and,

24  Luttrell (2003), 199–202; idem (1999), III 213. How far the archbishop actually profitted from any rural incomes is not known. 25 Possibly Alupos, a vineyard in the contrata of Rhodini in 1436 [201 n.1]. 26  Hattersley–Smith, 87, fig. 9.1.

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in about 1413, a hospice at Afandou on the road to Lindos, which was to be managed by the Prior of the Convent and by the pilier of the langue of Saint Gilles [195]. Other lands in the countryside became the property of individual langues which were corporations of Hospitaller brethren [142, 169, 171]. Fiefs, held exclusively by Latins, were few while other grants went to Hospitallers, to other Latins and to Greeks. The Hospital naturally sought to increase its work force and to bring land under cultivation. In 1336 the casale of Embonas was declared to be uninhabited and six Greek serfs were to be settled there on advantageous terms [6]. In 1338 some land near the sea below Salakos was leased because, for some unstated reason, most of it could not easily be cultivated by the Order [7] and, for example, at least eleven grants in which the properties were described as lands, which the Order itself could not easily cultivate, were made between July and December 1347.27 These grants may in part have been made before the arrival of the great plague in the second half of 134728 and thus not a consequence of it. The plague returned at some time before February 135829 and again, for example, in 136130 and 1410,31 and these pestilences must have caused deaths or disruptions which resulted in lands passing out of cultivation. There was a ruined casale with some francomati within the possessions of Artamitis in 1359 [69] and waste land in the area around Salakos in 1365 [76]. In 1363 the pope licensed the importation of foodstuffs and animals into Rhodes from infidel lands for ten years on the grounds that plague and frequent Turkish incursions had left Rhodes empty of peasants and other inhabitants, and similar papal licences referring to plague, Turkish raids and depopulation were issued in 1377 and 1379.32 ‘Several’ Hospitallers died of plague on Rhodes in 1392.33 Along with a major earthquake, which apparently destroyed many small castles – multae castelulae – on 30 April 1366, these difficulties probably contributed to the major crisis proclaimed by the Master on 30 May 1366.34 After 1306 wealthy Greek landholders were scarce or non-existent, though in the town there gradually emerged a group of relatively prosperous Greeks, some of whom were immigrants from other Greek lands.35 Some members of this new bourgeoisie invested in land but in cases in which a casale was granted out in its entirety, the grantee was not Greek.36 However, there were many small plots of 27  [13–16, 26–29, 32–34]; these grants may not have been typical since they all survive in a single Magistral register. 28 The plague arrived at some indeterminate time in 1347/8: Luttrell (2003), 184. Most probably it arrived in autumn 1347: Benedictow, 69. 29  Malta 69, f. 20v (–); Estatutos, 197 (incorrectly dated 1363). 30  Luttrell (2003), 184. 31  Malta 336, f. 13v (13v), 244 (241). 32  Urbain V, ii, no. 6420; Luttrell – Zachariadou, 95–6. 33  Ibid., 95. 34  Luttrell (2007), X 146–8. 35  Matschke (2007); Luttrell (2015), 383. 36  E.g. [3, 5, 19, 39, 60, 72–3, 93, 99, 112, 125, 175–7, 179–80, 207].

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lands or vineyards, sometimes with isolated buildings, some of whose holders had some wealth with which to found private churches or build mills. The concession in 1347 of a vineyard at Agia Marina in the contrata of Salakos to Georgios Cosina was made conditional upon his planting and sowing, and he was to owe a fifth of the produce; this grant was for seven modiates of cultivated land and for eight modiates of uncultivated land together with some ‘wild’ vines [16]. In the same year there was a concession of uncultivated land which was to be brought into cultivation as a vineyard [23] and Michali Patriquiro, Alexios Bartolomei and their heirs received two modiates of land at Agros in the casale of Vati with a site for the construction of a water mill to be held pro indiviso in emphyteusis [26]. A Syrian was permitted to build a mill in 1348 [37], and in 1365 Theodoros Pelicano of Lindos was granted, at 60 aspers a year, a mill called Mirtia in the casale of Kalathos which he had built with a licence from the Bailiff of Rhodes [82]. In the following year Jani Gripioti received in emphyteusis at 30 aspers a year a iardinum he had already made in the course of improving three modiates of land in the Castellany of Feraklos [96]. There were no references to a Rhodian catastro or land register and the proportion of Latins to Greeks was probably incalculable. Many grants listed continguous Greek neighbours, while Latins tended to hold properties near the town in the north and were probably more likely to have their lands recorded in the Master’s registers. Those working the land were mostly slaves, or unfree serfs known as servi or parichi, or francomati who were free. Slaves would have provided agricultural labour; some were freed [36, 55, 92].37 The typical Byzantine peasant, the paroikos, though legally and apparently free, was in practice dependent either on the state or on a lord, and to these he had fiscal and other obligations which included the payment in cash or kind of a portion of his produce. On Rhodes this dependence was exemplified in the standard form for the manumission of a serf which was included in the chancery’s formulary of about 1365 [74]. The serf’s status was hereditary and he possessed his land and goods, but he could not leave his holdings without permission. A serf’s property passed to his or her heirs, but if he or she died without heirs of his or her body it reverted to the lord. On Rhodes, as elsewhere, the Latins transformed the indigenous peasantry, still often called parichi, into serfs. Rhodian serfs were not free unless formally emancipated [74]. Such freedom might be effected as an act of piety or as a reward for service [36]. While Rhodian serfs could transmit their property to their heirs [6], they could not legally leave their holdings or marry outside their territory without their lord’s permission [130, 179, 207]. Whatever their status before 1306, thereafter Rhodian serfs, whether belonging directly to the Order or to some other lord, may have been much more numerous than the free francomati. Except in cases, such as that in 1336 when a group of serfs were to be settled at Embonas [6], it was normally the francomati, and not the serfs, who might be granted lands or confirmed in possession of them. 37  Other examples in idem (1982),VI.

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The francomati paid a yearly cens or census, possibly a fourth or a fifth of their produce, to the Order; in a case of 1347 it was 65 aspers and a fifth of all produce [16]. The serfs’ obligations were listed in 1336, the occasion when the Master permitted six of them to move to Embonas which lacked population. There they were to be free for five years from the angarie and perangarie or corvées; from the payment of a testagium tax they owed personally; from the encennium, presumably an obligation to provide food; from the decadia or an undefined tenth on their flocks; and from the morti, a tithe on their p­ roduce. After five years they were to owe one third of their annual produce plus the encennium and the testagium, probably a yearly poll tax, and from a tax on bees which other serfs owed to the Order; they were to perform the gayta or watch duty but were to be perpetually free of any angarie or perangarie [6]. The chancery formulary of about 1365/1366 showed that the standard practice when the Master manumitted a servus or ascriptus of the Hospital was that he became a franchus and was freed from the testagium, the angarie and perangarie, and from all other services; he was still, in the same way as the Order’s servi, to owe dues from the cultivation of his lands and vines, together with the decadia, which was defined as a tenth of his large and small animals. These dues were described as the iura de cultura terrarum et vinearum quam facies et decatiam tui bestiaris grossi et minuti sicut servi nostri alii nobis et eidem nostre domui solvere tenearis [74]. However, in 1422 the decata was again defined differently as an annual tenth of the kids and lambs born from the flock [204]. Serfs had to carry out the gayta or watch duty38 and local inhabitants could be obliged to build or repair fortifications which they themselves used, and to work on roads and bridges [85, 166]. A further imposition on serfs was the tax known as the morti which was due to their lord or to the state; like the decadia, it was apparently an annual tithe [6].39 Serfs were not to be alienated by their lord [177] and emigrant serfs were, in one case at least, supposed to be returned to their casale of origin [130]. In 1422 the new fief-holder of the casale of Salakos was not to alienate its serfs or to import serfs from casali of the Order, and the serfs of his casale were not to marry serfs from outside it without the fief-holder’s permission [207]. Certain serfs owed a servicium calamelle or sugar corvée, which was probably seasonal [130]. An obligation known as the xili involved free men or franchi carting timber to the coast for building galleys; the men of Lindos were exempted from the xili by a Magistral privilege of 1314, as by ‘ancient custom’ were the francomati of Kattavia.40 During the Mamluk 38  Cf. idem (2012), 128; supra, 31. 39 Angold, 133–7; Luttrell (1992), Addenda, 2; Tsirpanlis (1995), 286–7, 691, 754–6, 766–8; Laiou (1977), 46–7, 216–22. The issue is unclear. There were references to a peciam unam terre servam and to the servitutem dicte pecie terre held at annual census, the papas who held the land being due to pay the annual census [41]; and to a responsio servatagiorum [52]. Those who held lands worked by serfs evidently paid a special tax; in 1352 a Greek was granted land which was terre serve [57]. Tsirpanlis (1995), 32, states that the Rhodian parichus had his own property but paid the morti on it. 40  Luttrell (1992), V   II 330–2.

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attacks of 1440 and 1444, the men of Lindos were compelled to crew a galley, but that was an exceptional demand which explicitly declared that the obligation was not to become permanent.41 The fourteenth-century Capitula Rodi originally laid down that children of either sex born of a Latin father and Greek mother would be considered as franchi or free, though subsequently it was decided that they were to be hereditary marinarii owing galley service; however, those rules applied only in the town.42 In 1381 Nicola Stratico, a marinarius living outside the town at Parambolino, was exempted from marine servitude though his children were to remain marinarii [107]; Parambolino was close to the town and Nicola, who had perhaps moved from town to country, may have been able rapidly to answer a muster call to man a galley. Possibly living in the country was a Greek serva named Maria Maistrisse, the daughter of a papas or priest and of a serva of the Hospital. In 1352 she was manumitted, together with her legitimate children, after her father had given the Hospital a female slave in her place; Maria was then licensed ‘to make a will, to stand in justice, and to do those other things permitted to a mulier franca et libera’ while she would be able to manage and dispose of her own property.43 Women held property and could make ecclesiastical foundations.44 In 1366 the four sons and two daughters of a free Latin, a francus homo from Provence named Richardon Boeuf, who had wandered across the world but settled on Rhodes, sought from the Master their freedom from serfdom; the father had been settled to serve as a sargentus in the Rhodian casale of Villanova and he had, with the Master’s licence, married a Greek serva of the Hospital from that casale and had baptized his children as Roman Christians with Romance names. Richardon had been promised, but not in writing, that his children and their descendants would be free in perpetuity more franchorum and technically as ‘Roman citizens’ even though their mother was a serf. Christening according to the Roman rite had not made the children free; the marriage of a Latin to a Greek serf and the free status of their children required Magistral consent [88]. Most produce was not exported. Agriculture contributed to the Rhodian economy by reducing, if only marginally, the serious demand for foreign grain but it could not suffice. Famines apart there were recurring needs to import grain.45 For example, in September 1347 the Order was planning to purchase 20,000 modia of grain de partibus Romanie.46 A prohibition of 1332 forbade the export of animals.47 Some dues from the countryside were paid in 41  Ibid.,VII 320–1. 42  Ibid.,VI 206 n. 8, 210; idem (2003), 150, 236. 43  Malta 318, f. 221 (229). 44  Supra, 35-8; Infra, 47, 57, 61–2. 45  E.g. Luttrell (1978), VI 171; Luttrell – Zachariadou (2008), 134–40; cf. Vatin (1994), 40–5. Grain imports were repeatedly documented in the Malta registers. 46  Malta 317, f. 225 (237); 318, f. 209–209v (217–217v). 47  Estatutos, 169. Much later a visitor of 1493 claimed that the island produced only sufficient wine and grain to cover two months a year: De Vaivre – Vissière (2014), 801.

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kind [16, 83, 124], but most leases involved rents due in cash and the Order ensured a supply of small change, as shown for example by the many copper deniers concealed in about 1410 somewhere near Kameiros. Of 35 texts issued in the years from 1347 to 1351, some 25 assessed rents in aspers, four in florins or gold florins [19, 50, 63, 69], two in silver ducats [25, 61], one in deniers [34] and four in bezants [21–2, 37, 51]. Aspers were rarely mentioned after 1366 [129, 134, 173]. However dues were actually paid, there were presumably transactions in kind and by barter, and there was a degree of monetarization of the rural economy; coins showing the Hospital’s cross and sometimes the Master’s name functioned as instruments of propaganda.48 Agrarian products included grain [31, 83, 124, 136], figs [20, 31, 34, 57, 109], much fruit, olives whose oil had many uses [16, 19, 171], honey [6, 10], melons [182], carobs [7] and considerable quantities of wine, with numerous grants of lands and of vineyards which presumably produced a cash crop. In 1474 a visitor found on the Master’s estate at Malpasso some 2,000 fruit trees with oranges, lemons, other citrus fruit, melons, pomegranates, plums, cherries, peaches, apricots, pears, apples, grapes and figs, together with carrots and other vegetables.49 Small quantities of fine honey were being exported from Rhodes to Egypt early in the fifteenth century.50 Among the animals were sheep [204] guarded by shepherds [73] and sometimes kept in a sheepfold or mandria [73, 195, 204], goats [10, 69, 189, 195, 204], donkeys [39, 69, 205], mules [2, 108, 205] and oxen [139, 205]. Wheat, oil, wine, sheep and goats ensured the peasant a subsistence diet; they might also serve, in kind or in cash, to pay taxes or acquire goods. Pork, marketed in the borgo,51 presumably came from the island. In 1359 the great estate at Artamitis possessed 120 goats and four donkeys but only one plough [69]. There were certainly chickens [75, 114, 125–6]. The falcons of Rhodes and Chalki were especially valued [59, 95]52 and the Master had a falconer in 1382.53 There were many deer54 and in 1367, for example, King Pierre of Cyprus was hunting on Rhodes.55 Fish, sold in the town market [68, 75], were caught at sea.56 Country produce, meat, fish, wood and so forth, marketed in the town had to be weighed by officials and to pay taxes [132].57 Some Asiatic horses may have been bred on the island, but light Turcoman horses were mainly imported from Anatolia, while heavy cavalry mounts had 48  Kasdagli (2013). 49  Alessandro di Filippo Rinuccini, 130. 50  Traité, 156. 51  Luttrell (2003), 232. 52  Cf. Sommi Picenardi, 192–3. 53  Malta 322, f. 281 (291); cf. [59]. 54  Luttrell (2003), 216. 55  Makhairas, i. 186. 56  Luttrell (2003), 175, 184, 206, 232. 57  Cf. Sarnowsky (2011), XII 10.

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to be shipped at considerable expense from the West. Horses were pastured in meadows and marshland valuable for grazing in various parts of the island, some of them close to the town; in 1374 the prata or maresia of the casale of Dyaskoros were reserved to the Order for grazing or the production of hay for its horses [99].58 In 1446 the Convent had a salaried secular officer, the guardianus de almarasio who was evidently in charge of the marasio, the grazing outside the town.59 There were roads or tracks and many iardina or gardens which were vegetable plots or orchards. These gardens were important to the rural economy since they produced food for both domestic and market consumption, and could provide incomes in small denominations of cash which could be used to pay taxes. A factory at Zacharomylos below the castle at Feraklos, and presumably another at Massari nearby, produced very high quality sugar, which was possibly introduced to Rhodes by the Hospitallers who produced sugar on Cyprus. The Master himself benefited from sugar grown on Rhodes [83, 130]. The refinery at Zacharomylos was relatively primitive compared to those on Cyprus; it had a barrel-vaulted chamber 6.8 by 2.8 metres, a millstone 3 metres in diameter and a large vertical wheel driven by water supplied by an aqueduct.60 In 1437 there were saltings near the castrum of Parambolino61 and apparently elsewhere [68]. Another product was wood, some of which was reserved to the Hospital; for example, in 1422 the Order asserted its right to cut timber when needed in the casale of Salakos [207].62 For the financial years 1356/1357 and 1357/1358, the Master received 1,600 florins from the apauta, laudimia and vendiciones, and from the census of the Castellany of Rhodes; these incomes, which had been collected over an unspecified period, presumably came in part from the countryside [70]. The accounts of the Master’s seneschal, quit on 20 June 1365, showed him receiving monies from a variety of sources which included the iardinum of Villanova and that of Malpasso just south of Mount Saint Stephen, and incurring expenses for the aqueduct of the iardinum at Malpasso [75]. On occasion the Order sought actively to foster agrarian production, as in 1390 when the Master instructed his procurator Dragonetto Clavelli that, since many Rhodian serfs and farmers lacked plough oxen, he was to summon the Bailiff of Rhodes to ascertain how many were required, and then to purchase them at the Master’s expense and to arrange their transport to Rhodes [139]. When 50 Armenian f­amilies were proposing to settle on Kos in 1366 they were offered 25 pairs of oxen, a pair for two families.63 Many decades later, an unconfirmed statute of 1446 proposed 58  Luttrell (2011). 59  Malta 1698, f. 102 (–). 60 Luttrell (2003), 136, 209 n. 668; Kollias – Michaelidou; Borchardt – Luttrell – Schöffler, lxxiv; Solimidou – Ieronimidou (2015); [81, 138]. 61 Tsirpanlis (1995), 282–3; Roger (2010), 112 n. 302. 62  Luttrell (1999),VII 323–4, 331–2. 63  Malta 319, f. 270v (274v).

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that, given the desertion of cultivated lands, the Order itself should maintain 200 plough oxen, 200 cows to produce further plough oxen, 1,000 sheep, 1,000 goats, 100 female horses and 200 pigs, and if the inhabitants wished they could farm these animals in mezzadria or sharecropping; the Master’s animals were to be distinguished by being branded with his mark.64 Across the island were a number of wind and water mills which utilized contemporary technologies.65 Just outside the main town visitors noticed arrangements with buckets which lifted water to be conserved in cisterns from which gardens and plots could be irrigated.66 In 1347 a former monastery in the contrata of Apolakkia had a mill for pressing oil [10]. Another monasterium, at Vervori south of Salakos, possessed a water mill in 1359 [69]. There was another water mill at Myrtonas close to Kalavarda in 1347 [19, 171]; also in 1347 a water mill at Agros in the casale of Vati owing an annual rent of 55 aspers [26]; a windmill at Diopassadas in 1350 [42]; a recently constructed mill called Mirtia in the casale of Kalathos paying a rent of 60 aspers a year in 1365 [82]; and a mill in the contrata of Passimade in 1381 [108]. There were certainly irrigation channels [75–6]67 and country people had rights of access to water [21, 82].68 The regulations, codified in the fourteenth-century Capitula Rodi, were valid only in the town. For the rest of the island there was some local justice, with holders of fiefs and casali enjoying minor powers of punishment. For more complicated matters, there seem to have been no lawyers or judges active in the castellanies or elsewhere outside Rhodes town though in 1382 and 1403 for example, there was a Greek scribania or notarial office defined as covering both the city and the island. This was the office of the condilus grecorum held by a Greek appointed by the Master to act as notary for the Greeks both of the town and of the island.69 In 1358 a Greek notary recorded a gift by one Greek priest to another of a church just outside the town [62]. The rural populace may sometimes have taken more complicated legal business to officials in the Greek metropolitan court in the town where the civil code in use was presumably some form of Roman-Byzantine law.70 The Master had powers to grant pardons for crimes, especially where murder or death were involved [77–8, 187]. In 1329 the Latin fief-holder at Lardos enjoyed the merum et mixtum imperium and powers to impose sentences of death or loss of limb, the pena sanguinis, but in 1365/1366 three judges limited his successor to jurisdiction only in civil and pecuniary actions involving verbal quarrels and minor violences punishable with a fine; other cases were to be reserved to the Order [85, 144]. In 1382 and 64  Malta 1698, f. 31–31v (–). 65  Dellas (2002) and O’Malley (2013) study the mills in detail. 66  Io notaio, 24, 26. 67  Luttrell (2003), 213, 279. 68 Tsirpanlis (1995), 376–7. 69  Luttrell (1999), III 206–7, 218, 223; Tsirpanlis (1995), 242. 70  Luttrell (2003), 126; Barz (1990) is often deficient and contains little concerning legal matters in the countryside.

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1383 Fr. Domenico de Alamania was empowered to imprison, beat or shave his subjects in his casale of Apollona and elsewhere but not to inflict on them the pena sanguinis [112, 125]. Matters sometimes became confused. Thus the brothers Nicholaos and Nikephoros Crossocopolo initially won a lawsuit over a vineyard presumably in the countryside, brought before a Latin judge ordinary, but then another judge ordinary in the Rhodian curia found against them and in favour of their opponent Anna Stratigissa and that judgement was confirmed by a judge of appeals. Nicholaos Crossocopolo appealed to the Master who was then at Avignon, and there the acts were handed to various professores in civil and canon law who in 1391 found in favour of Nicholaos. Nicholaos had also taken his appeal to the Latin archbishop on Rhodes but the papers relevant to the archbishop’s decision were not sent to Avignon [143]. That was probably an exceptional case. There were exceptions to the general picture of modest casali and minor fortifications. There were a number of offshore islands. On Alimnia, off the west coast, a tower was supposed to be built in 1366 [95].71 Off the east coast was the small island of Saint Nicholas and its monastery.72 A considerably larger island off the west coast was Chalki which had a castle, churches and chapels, numerous stone huts, threshing floors, storage pits and cisterns. The inhabitants were spread across the island, some in small groups of houses and some in caves. The terrain was arid and living standards poor, with products including wheat and barley, honey, fish, and figs which were sent for sale to Rhodes town.73 Lindos, with its castle above its borgo [38, 51], a small port74 and several churches,75 was something more than a mere village. The rich widow soror Margarita of Negroponte, who was probably a Hospitaller donat and who performed charitable works in the town, held country estates.76 The country tavern named ‘Soror Margarita’ in 1350 was presumably on her former lands [42], and in 1347 she freed 14 slaves and five of their children [36]. She made an unusual arrangement when, among her country properties which included a iardinum, a mill and two vineyards, there was a vineyard which had been planted at the joint expense of Margarita and the Grand Commander, Fr. Pierre de Corneillan, to whom in 1347 these properties passed [24]. In 1359 Antonio Cantarelli received the estates of the former monastery of Artamitis then held by the Hospital; that large grant included the casale of Vervori with two houses for serfs; the ruined casale called Guienara in which, however, there were francomati, various other lands and 120 goats, 71  Supra, 31–2; Gerola (1914–1916), ii. 11; figs. 10–11; Spiteri, 159–60. 72  Papavassiliou (2014); Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), f. 35v; Tsirpanlis (1995), 322–3; infra, 57, 69. 73  Sigala (2014); Gerola (1914–1916), i. 467; Spiteri, 158–9; supra, 31–2; infra,69. 74  Luttrell (1992),VII; idem (2003), 172. 75  Gerola (1914–16), i. 341–3. 76  Luttrell (2003), 115, 151, 241–3.

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for all of which he owed 55 florins a year [69]. When, in 1380, the casale of Apollona was renounced by the Grand Commander, Fr. Bertrand Flote, he was awarded in its place 570 florins of Naples a year for six years and a considerable income from a casale [103]. It was in 1422 that Antonio Cattaneo of Genoa received in fief the very extensive ‘casale’ of Salakos with properties around that village and a wide swathe of lands leading north-westwards down to the sea some eight kilometres away [207]. An untypical area was that lying extra suburbiis immediately outside the city walls, a zone in which ancient materials re-used for the fortifications were collected, as mentioned in 1429.77 Some walls apparently enclosed at least a limited section of the borgo in 1309, and expansion into the surrounding countryside, part of it containing the ruins of the classical city, continued thereafter.78 Already by 1314 on the shore to the east of the town were the church and cemetery of Saint Anthony where many Hospitaller brethren were buried. Around the city walls stood a string of churches: the Greek churches of Saint George of Cappadocia, Saint Firisi possibly Saint Floros, Saint Mary Calisteni, Saint Maura, Saint Soulas, Saint John the Baptist de Fonte and, probably Greek, Saint Kalinikos, together with the Latin church of Saint Onofrius; to the east of the borgo was the leprosy of Saint John.79 Surrounding the town was a greenish belt three or four kilometres in length with many beautiful gardens containing orange, lemon and other fruit trees, and with irrigation channels; each garden had a windmill turning a wheel with buckets which lifted water from a well into cisterns; some gardens had a hut or house, some being fine buildings with rooms and other chambers.80 In 1336 and 1338 the Florentines of the Peruzzi bank were paying for gardeners, a house, a well for irrigation and pilasters for a pergola in their garden somewhere outside the borgo, though their vats to store oil were inside the borgo.81 Some of the fine rooms and dwellings were used by Hospitaller notables to entertain visitors. In 1391 Fr. Domenico de Alamania had a vineyard with a logieta situated in his vineyard which was outside the collachium and presumably outside the city walls [171]. It was in another garden that in 1413 the magnate Dragonetto Clavelli, who was described as ‘almost lord’ of Rhodes, fed and wined the visiting Niccolò d’Este, who even slept there.82 Beyond the gardens immediately outside the town walls was a landscape of isolated houses, churches, mills and roads.83 Other estates, often held by Hospitaller brethren, were a little further from the town, especially

77  Luttrell (2003), 263. 78  Ibid., 66–8, 82, 120–2. 79  Infra, 59–60. 80  Io notaio, 24–6; Le saint voyage, 8–9; Luchino dal Campo, 146. 81  Luttrell (2003), 211–13. 82  Luchino dal Campo, 146–7. 83  Shown in illuminations of 1482 circa: De Vaivre – Vissière, colour plates 8–20, 31–3, 35, 42–3, 54–5, 57.

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towards Villanova. Around Parambolino were various houses and a garden with a ‘principal house’ once held by, among others, Fr. Robert de Juilly, Master from 1374 to 1377; these passed in 1381 to Fr. Domenico de Alamania at 5 florins a year [108]. Such extra-mural retreats might facilitate immoralities; thus in 1412 after the Admiral had been condemned for adultery he was ordered not to sleep in his vineyard.84 Rhodian country people stood to profit from an expanding urban market, though they could not satisfy its demands for grain and other foodstuffs. They must have enjoyed a rudimentary everyday existence, and in many ways their daily life would have been similar to that of peasants on Cyprus, Crete, Chios and other Greek islands. Only after 1378 did the papal schism, the prolonged absences of two successive Masters and severe financial difficulties lead to harder times, with the Master Philibert de Naillac and his procurator Dragonetto Clavelli presiding over damaging corruption and extorsions in both town and country.85 On the whole, however, while the Rhodians lost a certain measure of the independence which they had enjoyed before 1306, the Hospital not only provided them with a reasonable experience of justice with a relatively mild scale of punishments,86 it developed the population87 and its agriculture, it fed and defended the island, and it promoted a practical religious compromise which allowed the Rhodians both to retain their priests and to follow their own liturgy in their own language and in the churches they continued to build and decorate across the countryside. Town and country were interconnected and, to some extent, interdependent. Developments in the countryside, which concentrated on the extension and repopulation of existing or abandoned settlements rather than on the creation of new villages, formed part of a state-controlled operation directed by the Order, and they played an important role in the creation of the unique island order state which permitted the Hospital to continue its warrior mission and thus to survive.

84  Malta, 339, f. 229v (263v). 85  E.g. [188]; Luttrell – Zachariadou, 83, 135 n. 318. 86  Barz, 173 et passim. 87 The population, virtually incalculable, may have been 15,000 or 20,000 by 1423. In 1431 Mariano da Siena, 77–8, was told, surprisingly, that 8,000 Christians had died on Rhodes in less than six months. De Vaivre – Vissière, 58, guess ‘a little’ less than 30,000 on Rhodes in 1500. The conquest of 1522 led to deaths and considerable emigration, but an Ottoman defter of 1523/1535 listed 1121 Muslim and 5,191 Christian households on Rhodes: Luttrell (1999), III 196 n. 16. Very hypothetically, if the Muslims were mostly in the town, the country population might then have been about 25,000. A sixteenth-­century source reported 38 villages plus a town population of about 4,200, while a defter datable to 1523/1566 showed 2,549 hearths or roughly 13,000 persons, a figure which by 1574/1595 had risen to 5,495 hearths or maybe some 28,000 persons: Erdoğru, 30, 34–5. The rural population may have been four or more times that of the town. The figure for 1523/1566 may have reflected a fall in numbers following the Ottoman ­occupation.

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The material culture and the household goods of the Rhodian countryman, whose exposed life was very different from that of the protected town dweller, would mostly have been rather simple.1 Close to the main town there were several two-storeyed buildings described as hospitia alta et bassa [90, 145, 178], and, in one case at least, there was a jardinum with baths and houses [56], but many people outside the town may have lived in humble one-storey houses, possibly of rough stone or mud brick, which they themselves or their ancestors had built. Such dwellings were probably rudimentary in plan, maybe with a central arch which supported a flat roof and which divided the living space.2 Country houses were frequently grouped together in a village but other buildings, stood among vines or gardens;3 a walled vineyard sometimes included houses and a windmill [42–4, 67, 161]. Some houses were surrounded by a wall;4 a whole iardinum at Sanctus Theodorus near Archangelos was completely enclosed by a wall [15]. In one place, a number of serfs apparently lived together in two hospitia servorum [69]. Some peasants evidently dwelt in scattered holdings outside a village, and presumably there were shepherds’ huts and other seasonal shelters. In fact late-fifteenth century views of the countryside outside Rhodes town, though probably idealized, consistently depicted a dispersed habitat with walled enclosures, roads, mills and churches.5 Such dispersals suggest a degree of security across the island. Agriculture, especially in vineyards, and animal raising constituted the countryman’s main activities and required the usual implements and beasts. There was a system of public roads and tracks which were frequently mentioned as 1  Gerstel (2015) provides an excellent and essential general introduction and bibliography. Rhodes from the 4th Century (2005) illustrates many items mostly without date or provenance; little identifiable indigenous pottery datable 1306–1423 has been excavated outside the town. Smith (1962) contains many examples of comparable material culture on Chios, most of them undated. 2  Datable evidence is entirely post-1423: e.g. Sommi Picenardi, 194; Orlandos (1947). 3  E.g. [56–7, 67, 69, 105, 118, 149, 170, 174, 183–4, 187, 189]. 4  The Caoursin illuminations of circa 1483 showed a walled village: De Vaivre – Vissière, plates 8, 15, 17, 20. An engraving of 1486 showed walled and gated estates and houses: Gabriel, i, fig. 2. 5  De Vaivre – Vissière, plates 8–12, 14–15, 17, 20–21; Barsanti (2008), fig. 21.

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boundaries in land grants,6 and there was at least one example of a countryside taberna or shop [42]. There were shepherds [73], millers [36], falconers [59] and specialized workers and artisans.7 The indigenous Rhodian country population was augmented by imported slaves many of whom were also Greeks, a few Latins and some Syrians;8 a Johannes maroniti was a country slave in 1347 and possibly there were also Muslim slaves [36]. There were occasional mixed marriages, as in the case of Richardon Boeuf from Provence who married a Greek serf and settled at Villanova [88], and in 1409 there was a brawl leading to two murders following the country wedding of a converted Jew, presumably to a Greek woman, at Asgourou; one of those involved shouted ‘a l’aide’, apparently in French [187]. The death of a man who fell into an animal trap while stealing melons was perhaps an accident [182] and so was that of a woman knocked down by a man on a horse [78]. A curious relationship with the countryside was that of Guglielmo di Procida, a canon of Rhodes and the Latin parish priest of Saint Mary of the Borgo who, it was alleged in 1382, seduced two women, one in his sacristy and one in a country casale belonging to the Archbishop of Rhodes, and who later married a Greek woman in the distant Diocese of Negroponte ‘according to the rite of the Greeks’; however, Guglielmo was declared innocent.9 The defining characteristic of indigenous Rhodian country people, and of other countryside Greeks who were immigrants, was surely their deep attachment to their language and their religion. By the fundamental agreement reached when the town surrendered in 1309, the Rhodians acknowledged the supremacy of the Roman pope while retaining their Greek rite and Greek ecclesiastical practice. Technically, they became Uniates rather than Orthodox though, as the pope complained in 1376, there were ‘schismatic’ Greeks on Rhodes who maintained an allegiance to Constantinople and refused to pay the ecclesiastical decime or tenths they owed to the Roman church on the grounds that by custom they had never done so; the pope declared that they were to be compelled to pay. There were rare contacts with the Patriarch of Constantinople whose nominees to the Rhodian see were s­ystematically excluded from the island. The ordination of priests and consecration of churches did present problems in the absence of a Greek rite bishop. In 1357 the Orthodox patriarch wrote to the clergy and faithful on Rhodes appointing a new metropolitan and empowering him to ordain priests and consecrate churches; he threatened to excommunicate any pretenders to the bishopric. In reality, however, it was a dichaios, or vicar, who ruled the Rhodian Greek church while its overall governor was the Master of the Hospital who, on the whole benevolently, controlled nominations to Greek churches and 6 The road map in Hattersley-Smith, fig. 9.1, is partly hypothetical. 7  It is often uncertain whether terms such as tavernaria [35] indicated a trade or a family name. 8  Supra, 36. 9 Tăutu, 43–6, 56–7.

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monasteries, appointed abbots, permitted monks to bequeath goods by will, suspended a priest from celebrating mass, named minor Greek clerics and notaries, and so forth.10 For example, in 1381 the Master granted a Greek church at Villanova to a Greek priest who was to officiate in it [110]; in 1382 he confirmed a licence for the son of a deceased Greek priest to enter the priesthood; and in 1383 he licensed the son of a papas to be promoted from subdeacon to deacon and priest.11 In the countryside the Order, which had only a rather limited need to interfere with the Greek population or its churches and monasteries, demanded little from them in religious matters. Many changes and much uprooting, both before and after 1306, must have unsettled the rural inhabitants, while immigrations and mixed marriages doubtless impinged on some ethnic identities, yet the average countryman probably saw few Latins and faced little change in his own religious life. In about 1330 Marin Sanudo explicitly included Rhodes among those Greek lands and islands where ‘although the said places are subject to Frankish rule and obedient to the Roman Church, nonetheless almost all the people are Greek and inclined to that sect, and their heart is turned toward Greek things, and when they may freely show this they do so’.12 A rare example of such Orthodox sentiment occurred in an inscription recording the foundation of Saint George Pachymachiotes at Lindos by a priest and his wife in 1394/1395; the inscription somewhat surprisingly mentioned the Patriarch of ‘Constantinople and New Rome’.13 For the average peasant his local churches and their protective saint must have represented a familiar, traditional reality. The Hospitallers established a broadly acceptable religious situation which largely continued until awkward readjustments were provoked by the union of the Greek and Roman churches reached at the Council of Florence in 1439.14 As on Cyprus, where the Hospital’s Convent had been established in 1291, the Greeks were numerous and the Latins few, especially outside the town. Religious life in the Rhodian countryside naturally involved the local priest. As elsewhere in the Greek world, priests could hold land and their children could inherit their church or their possessions, sometimes creating a priestly dynasty.15 A priest might sell or give away his land or his private church [40–1, 62]. A visitor reported that they had beards and wore large broad hats without hoods, and that they married local women.16 Local priests might be villagers who worked the soil and they might be serfs. Many had been born in the village they served and were respected members of the community who were sometimes entitled kyr [22]; they might act as mediators and witness local 10  Luttrell (1999), III 207, 211–4; idem (2003), 124–6. 11  Malta 321, f. 217v (225v); 322, f. 330 (340). 12  Marino Sanudo, 143. 13  Christoforaki (1992), 108; idem (2000), 460. 14 Tsirpanlis (1991) 254–330; Sarnowsky (2011), XIII. 15  E.g. [10, 18, 134]. 16  Luttrell (2003), 279.

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transactions.17 Papas Costa Chirmeli or quir Meli of the casale of Archangelos was a servus of the Hospital, and he and his descendants were manumitted in about 1375 in return for a male slave and 25 florins, which he reckoned to be the price of a female slave; that was apparently a case of a freed serf even acquiring the title kyr.18 Some priests played a leading role in village affairs, as in 1347 when papas Janni Macrigeni was protos or headman at Apolakkia [10]; however Michael Culichi, protos of Archangelos in the same year, was not a priest [15], nor was another protos, Leonardus Vitico of the Castellany of Katagros, in 1422 [206]. There might be a number of churches and priests in a village or its outskirts and a number of priests in a village, with a main church for Sunday services. Local religious activity must have centred on such a church in which worshippers would have been familiar with the religious scenes which covered its walls. At least some burials were within or just outside a church.19 The church of Saint Stephen in the borgo at Lindos was surrounded by graves, some of them tombs built with limestone blocks and containing glass bottles which were apparently of the thirteenth or fourteenth century.20 A grave in a church of the two Saints Theodore at Archangelos contained a glass unguentarium, arguably for perfume; datable to about 1400, it came from Egypt or Syria and would have belonged to someone of a certain standing.21 Especially important were private churches held through a form of ­iuspatronatus as foundations which had been built and endowed by a family or by an individual, who was sometimes a priest, and which might be inherited by successive generations. Though private churches were not ostensibly intended for public worship, non-family members may have used them and that would have provided some income to their patrons or their priests. Such foundations may have been inspired by religious motives such as the expression of devotion, often to a particular saint, or the possibility of burial in a private funerary chapel and of posthumous commemoration in prayer. The iuspatronatus provided the founding families with secure tenure of their church and, significantly, of the properties with which it was endowed, since they might obtain a Magistral bull ensuring them a written and sealed confirmation of their tenure. The system remained firmly in operation. In 1474 it was agreed that when a church or a monasterium in which the Order held the iuspatronatus became vacant the grant of the office belonged exclusively to the Hospital, but that the Latin archbishop and the Greek metropolitan were to confirm the appointment; the agreement added that this was not to prejudice the rights of iuspatronatus held by private persons to make their own presentation.22 In 1522 it was still clearly understood that the holder of a Rhodian church in iuspatronatus could ‘according to the 17  Laiou (2009). 18 Tsirpanlis (1995), 238–9. 19  E.g. Luttrell (2003), 134; Christoforaki (1992), 126; Sigala (2004); Gerstel, 166–7. 20  Sørensen – Pentz, 232–5, figs. 87–94. 21  Sigala (2004), 202–4, fig. 9, showing the grave and bones within it. 22 Tsirpanlis (1991), 318–22.

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use of the Greeks’ appoint or remove its priest; it could be held by a woman and it could pass with its possessions to others as part of a woman’s dowry.23 Such endowments remained the property of the patron and not of the church, but the patron was bound to pay the priest. The Greeks mostly retained their churches but the Hospital was able, through its development of a Byzantine institution, to exercise ultimate administrative control over them, to redistribute ecclesiastical properties and to profit by appropriating them. A private church could be alienated, as in 1358 when, with the consent of the Hospitaller Convent, the Master confirmed the donation by one Greek papas to another of the vacant ecclesia patrimonialis of Saint Mary Calisteni, a church just outside the town walls [62]. A Magistral bull of 1389 granted the same church of Saint Mary, together with another of Saint John the Baptist, to papas Ligotetos carthofilax and to one of his sons, while it removed a papas Pizolla from his possession of these two churches, ordering him to hand over their vestments, books, chalices and other liturgical items; quarrels over foundations in iuspatronatus were sometimes between rival Greek parties [134].24 In 1347 the Master granted his cook a iardinum which had once been held by the Order’s Admiral Fr. Ruggiero de Parma and which had a church within it [21]. In 1348 the Master made a grant to Nayme suriano, presumably a Syrian, of a iardenum in the casale of Artona together with a ‘church in the said iardenum’ [37]. Some of the island’s isolated country churches and chapels would have been private foundations on family land while others possibly belonged to abandoned settlements.25 In the case of monasteries, the Byzantine charistikion generally involved the gift of monastic property to a private lay person or institution for a limited period, usually a lifetime or three generations; the hereditary rights of the founder, whether church person or lay person, could pass to a descendant. The founder was to be mentioned in prayers, to receive the institution’s incomes and to name the priest or abbot; he or she was bound to maintain the buildings and property. Byzantine canonical legislation on private monasteries was confused and often ambiguous.26 On Rhodes, where the institutions involved were rather small, Magistral grants did not after 1309 follow standard Orthodox practice but they did emphasize the importance of correct administration in both material and spiritual matters. Churches might be founded by relatively humble people. On the Hospital’s island of Nisyros the local community acting as a whole secured the iuspatronatus, the rights and incomes, of a church 23  Idem (1981), 107–16. 24  When originally constructed the two churches were to the south of the borgo near the Gate of Saint John: Christoforaki (1992), 56–9; idem (2000), 459–60; Luttrell (2003), 131–2 [as revised in idem (forthcoming b)]. 25  Gerstel, 25, suggests that the sherds around Saint George’s outside Asklepio may indicate an abandoned settlement. 26 Thomas (1987).

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it had founded,27 and the same occurred on Rhodes in 1434/1435 when the church of Saint Nicholas at Maritza was erected and decorated at the expense of the people of the village; the inscription recording this contained many errors in spelling.28 Under Hospitaller rule, the arrangements for monasteria developed in an unusual way. The Greek term monasterion originally implied a space in which to dwell alone, and on Rhodes there were monkless ‘monasteries’ which were simply houses for priests or secular persons; in various cases there were no monks or nuns but simply men and women who might be of the founder’s family.29 Thus, in 1347 papas Janni Macrigeni, the protos or head man of Apolakkia, was granted a monasterium in the contrata of Apolakkia with the iardinum surrounding it on all sides, seven beehives and an oil mill, all of which he and his heirs were to hold in perpetual emphyteusis at an annual rent of 60 aspers; he was also granted the property’s 20 goats in return for an annual decimum, apparently of their kids [10]. In 1359 the Latin Antonio Cantarelli received a lease for his lifetime of the Hospital’s monasterium of Artamitis with its possessions which included 120 goats, a plough and four donkeys; among its estates was the casale of Vervori with its hospitia housing serfs [69]. Artamitis had apparently become a property rather than a house occupied by monks, the ancient monastery with its fine library having been destroyed in 1233.30 In 1365 Artamitis and its appurtenances were leased to a Hospitaller, again at 55 florins a year [84]. In 1366 the Master and Convent confirmed to Vestiariti Mirodi, burgensis of Rhodes, and to his heirs their possession of the monasterium of Saint Maura which, out of devotion to that saint, Vestiariti had founded and constructed in the contrata of Quiparissi in the Castellany of Rhodes just outside the walls of the borgo, together with the church of Saint Solas or maybe Silas, with two curtes, probably courtyards, situated between the monasterium and the church, both of them possessing hospicia alta et bassa and various cells adjoining them. Vestiariti had endowed the monasterium with a garden in the contrata of Saint John of Quiporia somewhere in the Castellany of Rhodes; with a vineyard in the contrata of Sotira in the same castellany; and with a hospicium altum et bassum within the borgo in the square of Saint Mary of the Borgo. The annual rent for all these endowments was set at 10 aspers. In this case, the Master and Convent promised not to alienate all or part of these properties, notwithstanding the provision in the sacramentale made at the time of the surrender of Rhodes in 1309 establishing that they could grant out vacant monasteries and churches 27 Tsirpanlis (1991), 206–21. 28  Christoforaki (1992), 102–7; idem (2000), 461. 29  Luttrell (forthcoming b). 30  Nikephoros Blemmydes, 104–6. From 1419 circa onwards Boundelmonti’s maps, e.g. in Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), f. 35v, showed Artamitis only as a mons with a drawing of a church, his texts making no mention of a monastery there.

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in the town and island. Vestiariti and his heirs were to hold their properties in perpetuity with the obligation to maintain them and to appoint a chaplain and another minister whom they would choose. The bull did not state that Vestiariti had built the church or other buildings, though he may have done so, but that he had founded, constructed and endowed the monasterium, a term which in this case may or may not have been understood to include the other buildings. As usual, the bull of the Master and Convent which confirmed these arrangements gave no indication as to whether or not any representative of the Uniate Church was in any way involved [90].31 Outside the city, there were various monasteries which did house communities of monks. Reports originating in 1191 stated that some monasteries, of which there had once been so many, remained on Rhodes but that the greater part were deserted.32 The important house of the Archangel Michael at Thari in a mountain setting above Laerma survived; it had frescoes painted in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and others probably datable to the late-fourteenth century.33 In 1422 the Master permitted the protos or head man of the Castellany of Katagros, to retain in the monastery of Saint Michael of Camberidi, the modern Moni Kameiri which he was said to have founded, the moveable goods, but not the monies, jewels or plate belonging to monks who were living there and who might die there, notwithstanding the custom by which the personal property of monks normally passed to the Order on their death; the deceased monks were to be buried in the monastery and its rector was on the same day to inform the castellan, the elders and the protos of Katagros of that fact [206]. Some years later, in 1438 and again in 1443 and 1451, the Master intervened to appoint the abbot or igumenus of the monasterium of Saint Nicholas de Insula on a small island off the north-east coast of Rhodes.34 There was apparently no female monastery on Rhodes during the period from 1306 to 1423 but nuns might have lived alongside monks. Some Rhodian nuns apparently moved to Crete.35 In 1440 Johannes Jeraqui, civis of Rhodes, was empowered to place priests and monks in his church of the Holy Apostles in the borgo, and he might, just once, install in the church or in the monasterium there two nuns, one of whom could be his wife; the monks and nuns might be buried in the monasterium. A further privilege of 1445 allowed Johannes to support there as many nuns as he wished, repeating that one of them might 31  Saint Maura was demolished in 1480 because it was outside the city walls: Malta 76, f. 62–62v (–). 32  Itinerarium, 180. 33  Acheimaestou-Potamianou, 122–6; possibly it retained a monastic community. 34  Papavassiliou (2014); Tsirpanlis (1991), 269–70; idem (1995), 322–3, 422–3, 538–9; Christoforaki (1992), 38, citing unpublished excavations, discusses the church, buildings and frescoes. In 1451 the abbot and monks of Saint Nicholas had sworn obedience, fealty and homage to the Master; in 1452 the monastery was granted in iuspatronatus to Johannes Josephi, burgensis of Rhodes and probably a Latin: Tsirpanlis (1991), 269–70, 277–8. 35  Luttrell (forthcoming b).

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be his own wife; furthermore, and contrary to custom, the monks and nuns were to be permitted to dispose of their possessions on their death.36 The nun Kataphyge Allexaina together with her children erected the small chapel of the Holy Trinity at Iamatikon south-east of Psinthos in 1407/1408, and in it she was portrayed dressed as a nun and offering a model of her simple church to the Saviour; she was apparently buried outside the chapel, which may have been built after her death.37 There were, therefore, independent women, often widows, who became nuns; they might own property and found rural churches, portraits of their donors and of the church itself, serving to emphasize the donors’ legal rights. The painting of 1367 in the church of the Virgin Hodegetria Enniameritissa on Chalki was done at the expense of Michael the Deacon, of kyr Nicetas, of Manole and of two ‘nuns’, Agnese and Magdalena.38 In about 1419 Cristoforo Buondelmonti noted that there were a number of monasteries and monks on Rhodes, and he mentioned the monastery of Saint Nicholas on its island; he was referring explicitly to communities with monks.39 People may also have made donations or sold land to monasteries in ways not involving a written confirmation by the Master or an entry in his registers. Innumerable churches were spread across the landscape. The thirty or more Palaeochristian basilicas of Rhodes, a number of them close to the sea, may largely have been destroyed or abandoned as populations retreated inland from the coasts, or they may have been replaced by later buildings, some Byzantine churches being constructed on the remains of an earlier basilica.40 Most of the many churches which existed in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries were presumably still there between 1306 and 1423, even if some were damaged or partly destroyed. From the twelfth century, or in some cases earlier, there were, for example, Saint George Chostos, Saint Stephen and Saint Menas, all three at Lindos; Saint Agathi just north of Feraklos; the small chapel dedicated to the Baptist outside Kritinia; the monastery church at Thari; and many others.41 In 36 Tsirpanlis (1995), 386–9, 447–9. 37  Christoforaki (1992), 131–4; idem (2000), 460–1; Gerstel, 70–2, fig. 51. In 1386 the goods of the deceased Martha calogera, presumably a nun but not necessarily living in the countryside, devolved to the Hospital: Malta 323, f. 213–213v (223–233v). 38  Sigala (2000); Gerstel, 147–9. 39  Infra, 75, 77; Buondelmonti’s ‘shorter’ text spoke of monasteries of monks (monasteria caloerum): Gerola (1914), 463. In 1452 the papas who held the monasterium at Amartos was removed and it was granted to a Hospitaller who was, however, to maintain a Greek papas in residence to hold services there: Tsirpanlis (1991), 274–6. Apparently there was no longer a monastic community at Moni Amartos. 40  Orlandos (1948), 3–54; Papavassiliou – Archontopoulos, 318–22 and map (fig. 1); Malamut, i. 242–3. No attempt is made here to list all known churches or monasteries either before or after 1306. Gerola (1914–16) notes numerous churches, mostly without precise dates; a number of churches were mentioned in the documents below. The stylistic dating of architecture and wall paintings may be highly approximate; in some cases the accepted name or contemporary dedication of a church is merely a guess. A complete topographical survey would need to list all churches and monasteries known to have existed between 1306 and 1423. 41  Malamut, 242–4; Gallas, 216–7, 221, 237, 242, 246–8, 278–9; Papavassiliou – Archonto­poulos, 323; Archontopoulos (2010).

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the thirteenth century, or in some cases earlier, there were the churches of Saint George at Charaki below Feraklos castle; the church of the Dormition of the Virgin at Asklepio; churches at Filerimos; Saint Niketas on Mount Paradissi above Damatria; at the monastery of Skiadhi; Saint John the Theologian at Koufa, Paradissi; Saint George Vardas near Apolakkia; a church at Messenagros; a church of the Dormition at Afandou; another Dormition church at Messenagros; and Saint George Kounaras at Asklepio.42 The Byzantine church within the castle at Lindos was of the thirteenth century43 and there was a monastery at Filerimos before 1306.44 Saint Niketas at Amali on the island of Chalki had thirteenthcentury frescoes.45 On Rhodes, as elsewhere, the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries constituted the great period of church building. The intensity of construction may have decreased in the decades immediately following the conquest of 1309, but the Rhodians continued to construct and decorate country churches. The church of the Virgin Enniameritissa on Chalki was painted in 1367.46 The frescoes in the church of the two Saints Theodore, two kilometres south-west of Archangelos, were done in 1372.47 Saint Habakkuk, south-west of Paradissi, possibly existed by the end of the fourteenth century48 and so did Saint Zacharias at Phoiniki on Chalki.49 Saint George Pachymachiotes at Lindos dated to 1394/1395.50 A church of the Virgin Hodegetria at Archangelos was held in iuspatronatus by 1400.51 The Holy Trinity at Iamatikon south-east of Psinthos was founded in 1407/1408.52 Some paintings at Thari were probably executed late in the fourteenth century or a little later.53 Probably painted in the fourteenth or early-fifteenth century were frescoes in Saint John the Baptist in the village of Archangelos, Saint Nicholas at Kremasti, Saint Zacharias and Saint Panormitis both at Chalki, Saint Niketas at Arnitha, the Baptist church at Asklepio, Saint Nicholas at Afandou and many other country churches. Datable to the early-fifteenth century were paintings in Saint George south of Massari and others across the island.54 There were paintings probably of the fourteenth or fifteenth century at Moni Kameiri.55 Other churches were 42 Gallas, 238, 246, 248, 291, 297, 300; Papavassiliou – Archontopoulos, 323; Katsioti (1996–1997), 282–3, 292; Archontopoulos, 95. 43  Kappas, 341–2. 44  Livadiotti – Rocco, 269–70, figs. 127–9; Gallas, 230–1; infra, 63–4. 45  Katsioti, 279. 46  Gerstel, 147–8. 47  Christoforaki (1992), 127–8; idem (2000), 458; Archontopoulos, 130. 48  Christoforaki (1992), 86–7; idem (2000), 454; Archontopoulos, 189. The dating seems uncertain. 49  Idem, 209. 50  Christoforaki (1992), 108; idem (2000), 460; Archontopoulos, 130–1. 51 Tsirpanlis (1995), 424–5. 52  Christoforaki (1992), 131; ibid. (2000), 460–1; Archontopoulos, 131. 53  Acheimastou-Potamianou, 166. 54  Lists, details and references in Papavassiliou-Archontopoulos, 322–9; Archontopoulos, 92, 95, 106, 210–1. Prodromos Papanikolaou kindly advised on various churches. 55  Gallas, 291; Archontopoulos, 95.

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known to the Hospital’s chancery as it recorded grants and listed property boundaries,56 but the Order did not disturb the practice of Byzantine church construction and decoration in the countryside. Some Greek rite churches were situated immediately outside the city walls.57 The ecclesia or church of Saint George of Cappadocia was outside a town gate in 1347 and 1348 [25, 40] but inside the borgo by 1382.58 In 1366 Vestiariti Mirodi held the so-called monasterium of Saint Maura, the church of Saint Soulas or perhaps Silas and their buildings, all just outside the town [90].59 A church of Saint Firisi, possibly Saint Floros, was apparently outside the walls in 1382 [116]; it may have been the church with frescoes datable to the first quarter of the fourteenth century which was incorporated into later fortifications to the south-west of Saint George’s church.60 Just south of the borgo, the private church of Saint Mary Calisteni existed by 1358 [62], and in 1382 [122] it was granted out together with the church of John the Baptist; both churches had houses, cells and, in 1389, a garden [134]; in the fifteenth century the Baptist church was enveloped in the Gate of Saint John.61 In about 1419 Cristoforo Buondelmonti mentioned the church of Saint Kalinikos, possibly a Greek church, outside the walls to the north-west of the town somewhere between the churches of Saint Anthony and Saint Stephen.62 Some time before 1390 Nicholaus Belloch, a Latin habitator of Rhodes, constructed, endowed and instituted a chaplain for Saint Onofrius, apparently a Latin church, which stood just outside the borgo in the contrata of Helemonitra [137].63 A possibly pre-1306 church with an octagonal dome, which possibly became a Latin church with pointed arches, was the church of Saint Stephen which, from some unknown time, stood at the foot of Mount Saint Stephen, just west of

56  E.g. Saint George Paraialiti near Villanova, 1381 [110] and Saint Erini in the casale of Parambolino, 1413 [191]. Quite often there were places indicated by the name of a saint, implying the possible existence at some point of a church there. The documents below mentioned other churches, some unidentified: index, especially at ‘Saint’. Curiously, the churches documented below seem scarcely to overlap with those listed here or with others which survive. 57  At least nineteen churches and five mills outside the walls were razed to the ground in 1480: Malta 76, f. 47–47v (62–62v). 58  Luttrell (2003), 130–1, 244–6; it is not clear that it became a monastery. 59  Supra, 55–6. 60  Luttrell (2003), 131. 61  Ibid., 131–2, where for ‘1328’ read ‘1358’. 62  Infra, 76 n. 20. Gerola (1914), 460; stated that the name Kalinikos was preserved as that of a mound of earth – in tumolo as Buondelmonti wrote – in a Turkish cemetery near the small church of Saint Nicholas in the modern suburb of Neomaras to the north-west of the town.There was a chapel with an inscription dated to 1510 (not 1410) in Roger (2010), 71–4, but it is not clear that it was Saint Kalinikos. Saint Kalinikos is first documented by Buondelmonti circa 1419, but whether it was of the Greek or Latin rite seems uncertain. 63 The founder’s family was Latin: Luttrell (2003), 47. Ayos Noffre (Onofrios) was on a small hill 700 or 800 paces south-west of the Athanasius Gate: De Vaivre – Vissière, 180, 274. It was demolished in 1480 because it stood just outside the walls, as did the Helemonitra church: Malta 76, f. 62–62v. An unidentified church of Saint Onofrius existed in the contrata of Helemonitra before 1351 [47].

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the main town; it was apparently there by 1352.64 There was a gate of Saint Stephen by 1382 [120], and Cristoforo Buondelmonti mentioned the church in about 1419; some of his maps showed it with a dome.65 The church of John the Baptist de Fonte, presumably near a fountain or spring, lay outside the walls some 360 metres south-south-east of the Tower of Italy.66 Late in the fifteenth century its collation belonged to the Order and two Hospitallers were to make inventories of the estate and its moveables.67 The church belonged to the Hospital, yet in 1419 Nompar de Caumont, who described it as the place with a spring or fountain where Saint John’s head was said to have been found and where visitors could earn ‘great pardons’ or indulgences, mentioned that it was held by Greeks.68 In 1427 the Master and Convent confirmed its possession, with its houses and gardens, for his lifetime to papas Georgios Chiona who claimed that the church had once belonged to his family; he was to pay 12 florins a year to the Hospitaller Prior of the Convent and to support a Hospitaller chaplain who was to be named by that prior to celebrate mass in the church three times a week; the Conventual Prior was to arrange such matters as he saw fit.69 In that case the Hospitallers acquired control of a Greek church, probably because it had a cult of their patron saint. Also outside the town walls were two other Latin rite foundations; to the north was the Hospitallers’ own cemetery church of Saint Anthony70 and to the south-east the leper house of Saint John.71 These Latin foundations were situated just outside the main town. In the countryside ecclesiastical architecture and its decoration between 1306 and 1423 largely continued existing practice and normally followed standard Byzantine models. There were many small churches, some constructed on a cross plan and some with apses and a cylindrical dome, but the common type had a single-nave and barrel vaults; they were usually built of rubble masonry, often with much use of tile, and many Rhodian country churches maintained their Byzantine tradition more strongly than did others elsewhere in 64  Christoforaki (1992), 37; Luttrell (2003), 45–6. Rottiers, 340–1, and pls. 50–2, and Berg, 70, showed the exterior, interior and dome of a Latin–type church with paintings; the latter may have been post-1423. 65  Infra, 75–7; Sommi Picenardi, 157–60; De Vaivre – Vissière, 163, 267. 66  Ibid., 232. Belabre, 80, fig. 63, placed it down 16 stone steps, with a single aisle 30 by 20 ‘feet’, a ‘bull’s-eye’ window in its south side, a vaulted roof and a fresco of Saint John bearing a banner with a Latin inscription. 67 Tsirpanlis (1995), 106; Luttrell (forthcoming b). 68  Le voyatge, 51–2. A register of Hospitaller foundations datable to about 1497 listed this church as having been founded, according at least to an unnamed Hospitaller, by Dragonetto Clavelli who died in 1415; however, the register noted that the act of endowment was not to be found: Malta, 53, f. 32v (11v). Clavelli’s intervention seems dubious. 69 Tsirpanlis (1995), 106, 239–41; Stabilimenta, 129–30. 70  Luttrell (2003), 182–3, 281. 71  Infra, 75–6; De Vaivre – Vissière, 163. Gerola (1914), 460 n. 1, regarded this church, together presumably with the leper house, as the subterranean church of Saint John (de Fonte).

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Latin Romania.72 The churches and smaller country chapels varied considerably, some being extremely simple.73 During the thirteenth century, there were flourishing schools of painting in the Dodecanese,74 and after 1306 artists on Rhodes continued to paint frescoes in country as well as in town; the quality was uneven but occasionally of a high standard.75 Some ikons probably came from Constantinople, but from about 1380 to 1415 rich individuals, notably Dragonetto Clavelli and Fr. Domenico de Alamania, may have patronized a hypothetical workshop on Rhodes which possibly produced paintings connected to Saint Nicholas in Rhodes town. Clavelli founded the chapel of Saint Nicholas in the Augustinian convent in the borgo, and he was linked to Nisyros and to Lardos. Fr. Domenico had connections with Nisyros, with Apollona, which he was granted for life in 1382 [112] and where there was, later at least, a much revered ikon, and with his own commandery of Santo Stefano di Monopoli in Puglia to which apparently he sent a magnificent Byzantinesque polyptych.76 Many church interiors were covered with frescoes some of which presented wide and colourful iconographic programmes displaying a wide variety of saints. Unlike Cyprus, Rhodes had no Latin landed class in the countryside in which before 1423 there was little, if any, sign of Latin cultural interference, except in special cases of Western or ‘eclectic’ elements such as the underground frescoes at Filerimos and the paintings at Saint Habbakuk near Paradissi.77 A number of churches with a family or funerary character had portraits of priests or lay people who were the donors. In Saint George Vardas an inscription of 1290 referred to the contemporary Byzantine emperor Andronikos Palaiologos and to the rebuilding of the church. Two prosperous donors who employed a talented artist were shown in Saints Theodore near Archangelos where kyr Konstantinos Maydis and his wife Irini, who was curiously described as the atoumissa, held between them a model of the church. He had a short beard, a dark green tunic and cloak, and a white kerchief on his head; she wore a long white cloak, covered hair, earrings and an emerald green cape buttoned at the neck. Their children were mentioned but not depicted. The purpose of the foundation, which was erected and decorated in 1372, was declared to be the salvation of the donors’ souls.78 72 There is no detailed general study but Gallas (1990), Christoforaki (1992) and (2000), and Archontopoulos (2010), give plans, photos and other detail. 73  E.g. Gallas, colour plates 41, 45–50. 74  Katsioti (1996–1997) with many plates. 75  E.g. Christoforaki (1992), 151–3. Filerimos apart (infra, 63–70) nothing can be said about moveable ikons outside the town before 1423: Kasdagli et al. (2007), 53–6.Two ikons may have reached Rhodes town from Constantinople during the 1390’s: Luttrell (2016a), 138, 142 n. 75. 76  Idem (2009); Katsioti (1996–1997); cf. Tsirpanlis (1995), 248–9; Luttrell (2007), XIV 99–100; idem (2014), 58–60. 77  Infra, 63–8. 78  Christoforaki (1992), 98–102, 126–31; idem (2000), 458–9. The grave at Saint Theodore with the unguentarium of circa 1400 (supra, 53) was perhaps connected to the founders.

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In 1394/1395 Saint George Pachymachiotes at Lindos was founded, as so often for the salvation of their souls, by papas Katasamba, his wife Kale and their children; Kale was termed kyra and also as magistrissa.79 In about 1400 the Baptist church at Archangelos showed the donors as a bearded husband Nikolaos Kamanos, his wife Irini, in white with kerchief and long earrings, and a child dressed in red and holding a purse. In the Holy Trinity at Iamatikon near Psinthos the female donor of 1407/1408, Kataphyge Allexaina, was dressed as a nun; she was accompanied by her children and held a model of the church showing the original state of the building. The clothes in which donors had themselves portrayed on church walls were presumably not their everyday wear; their smart dress maintained the Byzantine tradition with the women in loose gowns and ample sleeves. Donors appeared in stylized poses and sometimes held models of the churches they had built.80 Church frescoes could also reflect agricultural life. In 1434/1435 Saint Mamas, a shepherd, was painted in Saint Nicholas at Maritza holding a crook and a lamb and in Saint George Vardas near Apolakkia he held an animal bell. Saint George Vardas also depicted Saint Tryphon, protector of vineyards.81 Country churches almost all followed the Greek rite and, except immediately outside the town, pre-1423 Latin foundations were few. Hospitallers presumably worshipped in the chapel at Villanova castle where a priest of the Order was chaplain in the Master’s chapel in 1381 and in which in 1382 Fr. Guillermus de Villariis was to reside and to pray for the souls of the Masters [106, 119]. The pre-1306 Byzantine church adjoining the castellan’s house in the akropolis at Lindos was probably in use by the Hospitallers during the period from 1306 to 1423.82 Small Latin communities in castles elsewhere may have used an interior altar or chapel, in which other Latins may also have been able to attend services or secure baptism, marriage and other sacraments. It may have been at Villanova that the Provençal, Richardon Boeuf, who settled there was able to secure Latin rite baptisms for his six children in the years before 1346 [88]. Throughout the Levant, there were numerous examples of intermarriage between Latins and Greeks, of joint communion, of the sharing of churches or altars and so forth.83 Hospitallers and other Latins on Rhodes possibly participated in Greek services, as they may have on Cyprus,84 or they may have used 79  Idem (1992), 107–11; Bitha (2009), 165, but stating that the name Katasamba was unknown in the Dodecanese. In fact a Nicholaus Catasambas was at Lindos in 1502: idem (1992),VII 329. Maistrissa may have been a family name on Rhodes: supra, 43; Tsirpanlis (1995), 623–4. 80  Detail and plates in Christoforaki (1992), 122–6, 131–9; idem (2000), 459–61; Gerstel, 70–2, fig. 51; Bitha (2000) illustrates the dress. 81  Gerstel, 113, 123, fig. 82. 82  Sørensen – Pentz, 209–16, with plans, elevations and photos; Barsanti (2008), 364, figs. 9a–b. There is no known reference to any Hospitaller chaplain at Lindos. 83  Mersch (2015), but ignoring the Rhodian evidence and neglecting distinctions between Orthodox and Uniate. 84  Borchardt – Luttrell – Schöffler, lxxi.

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the same church, as in the Hospitallers’ castle at Bodrum in the fifteenth century.85 On Rhodes such sharing seems not to have involved a Latin priest, except at Filerimos and at the church of Saint John de Fonte outside the borgo.86 In an area frequented by some Hospitallers there was an undated wall painting in a fresco apparently datable before 1495 at Saint Habakkuk south-west of Paradissi, which was a Greek church with Western elements in the style and iconography of its frescoes; these showed a kneeling figure at the foot of John the Baptist which was apparently that of a Hospitaller, who was not necessarily a priest, in the Order’s standard black dress with a white cross on his left shoulder.87 There were a few Latin institutions in the countryside such as the chapel at Kattavia founded and endowed outside, rather than within, the castle by Fr. Juan de Mur the Bailiff of Rhodes in 1410 [189] and the hospice founded in 1414 by Fr. Pierre de Pausedieu at Afandou on the road leading southwards from the city [195].88 The developments on Mount Filerimos were exceptional.89 The settlement and the extensive Byzantine defensive system of walls and towers on the ancient akropolis of Ialysos were deliberately destroyed by the Hospitallers in or after 1306, except that at its eastern extremity the Byzantine kastron or inner fortress survived and was adapted as the Hospitaller castle at some point before 1347 when a castrum was mentioned there [13–14]. Outside that castle to its west was an early Christian basilica on the site of which at some point after 1309, possibly as late as the fifteenth century, the Hospitallers built a simple single-nave Latin type church.90 A little west of that church was a small barrelvaulted, single-nave church of unknown dedication which was below ground level; to the west of that was a former Byzantine monastery, perhaps reduced to 85  Luttrell (2013), 159. 86  Supra, 60; infra, 68–9; idem (forthcoming a). 87  Christoforaki (1992), 84–8, plates 34b–36; idem (2000), 454 n. 51; Takoumi, 96; however, the dress did not necessarily indicate the figure of a priest. According to Archontopoulos, 250, the patron was a ‘Frankish knight’. 88 The hospice may well have been built since its foundation text was transcribed in or before 1497: Malta 53, f. 41–42v (20–21v). 89  Bibliography, much illustration, plans (sometimes confusing) and restorations of the below-ground church in Balducci (1931); Ferraris (1988); Gallas, 229–34; Christoforaki (1992), 88–94; ibid. (2000), 455; Spiteri, 132–3; Takoumi (2017); Luttrell (forthcoming a) partially covering the discussion here. The topic has provoked extensive speculation and fantasy. 90  Balducci, 45, fig. 61 et passim, dated the church to the first half of the fourteenth century on the basis of comparisons with features in Rhodes town which could well have been much later in date. Liviadiotti – Rocco, 261, dated the church to the second half of the same century but without explanation; that date may derive from unpublished reports now in the Scuola Italiana di Atene to which access is refused. Dellas (2000), 358–68, fig. 4, publishes Balducci’s plan with much added detail of unexplained origin and he accepts Balducci’s dating. It could be fifteenth century. In fact, on 24 April 1439 Fr. Antonio Morosini, later bishop of Santorini, was licensed to erect a chapel in summo cacuminis promontorii and to create a chaplaincy at Filerimos, endowing it with 25 florins a year: Malta, 354, f. 248 (249).There is nothing to show that it was built. In 1474 the apparently reliable Alessandro di Filippo Rinuccini, 76–7, 129–30, 189, reported an uninhabited site with only Saint Mary’s church with an arched side chapel containing the icon, an osteria for pilgrims and others, and a habitatione for the prior of the church. Malta 354, f. 248 (249).

63

Rhodes Town

Kremasti

Aegean Sea

Trianda Filerimos

nova

Villa

Soroni

Theologos

Maritza

Moni Eleussa

Bastida

Kalavarda Kameiros

Psinthos Afandou

Salakos

Kameiros Skala

Alimnia

Kalamonas

Dimilia Kritinia

Kolymbia

Archipolis Platania

Apollona

Tsambika Archangelos

Embonas

Siana

Feraklos Charaki

Laerma

Kalathos

Monolithos

Lardos Asklepio Apolakkia Arnitha

Vati

Messenagros

Lachania Kattavia

Figure 1  Medieval Rhodes.

Lindos

Cape Vodi

Koskinou

Damatria

Fanes

Asgourou

Figure 2 The Island of Rhodes from a fifteenth-century manuscript of Cristoforo Buondelmonti’s Liber Insularum Archipelagi: Athens, Gennadius Library, Ms. 71, f. 15 (courtesy of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Gennadius Library).

Figure 3 A parchment of 1338 [7]: Malta 16 no. 28 (courtesy of the National Library of Malta).

Figure 4 A folio from the Master’s register of 1411 [191]: Malta 339, f. 212v (246v) (courtesy of the National Library of Malta).

RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL LIFE

ruins in 1306. The subterranean church or chapel was the crypt of a Byzantine church of uncertain date built above it; below it was a cistern. Some of the very varied frescoes in the church below ground included a scene with a row of four Western knights, or in some cases maybe squires, each kneeling in prayer and each with a saint standing protectively behind him. All four wore contemporary armour and displayed the arms of the French family of Nantouillet; they were in no way dressed as Hospitallers. Regnault de Nantouillet participated in the Cypriot expedition to Cilician Armenia in 136791 and may well have spent time on Rhodes; possibly, he took part in the crusading expedition which sailed from Rhodes to Alexandria in 1365. The four figures presumably included Regnault; the other three may not have visited Rhodes in person.92 All sorts of scenes on other walls reflected a varied patronage with a rich blend of details including numerous Western features; apparently both Greek and Latin artists worked there. There was a crucifixion with the faithful kneeling in prayer; a saint covering praying people with a cloak; a husband with a wife in a hat and three children; and other persons dicing or playing pipes. There was an enthroned Christ to whom a saint presented a bearded Hospitaller dressed in black with the Order’s white cross on his left shoulder. The ceiling was covered with episodes of the life of the Virgin to whom the subterranean church may have been dedicated.93 In the later-fourteenth century Filerimos, some ten kilometres from the town, became the main attraction outside the city for visitors and pilgrims. There must always have been a route from the town; there was a road to Filerimos passing by Malpasso which was just south of the town [183]. The settlement had a church and a kastron in the tenth century94 and there was still a monastery, adjacent buildings, and a population there in the thirteenth century.95 The monastery was possibly the one on a mountain somewhere on the island occupied by ‘black monks’ in 1249; the castle was still strong in 1306 when the town had two or more churches there, but the Hospitallers reportedly removed its population thereafter96 and in 1342 Manuel Angelos found there only remnants of ancient Ialysos.97 There was very possibly already a devotion to the Virgin before about 1367 when the Nantouillet frescoes in the underground church were painted, a cult of some sort having presumably attracted their French patron.98 By 1396 there was somewhere at Filerimos a 91  Guillaume de Machaut, 140. 92  De Vaivre (2004), completely revising much earlier interpretation and chronology. 93 Ferraris (1988), 96–152; Takoumi (2017), 94–7. The accepted modern attribution to Saint George Chostos seems unlikely. 94 Malamut (1988), i. 242, 283. 95  Livadiotti – Rocco, 269–70, figs. 127–8; Gallas, 229–34. 96  Supra, 22 n. 57, 38. 97  Luttrell (2003), 220–1. 98 In the apse were paintings which await scientific dating but are earlier than those of 1367 circa: Ferraris (1988), 100; Christoforaki (1992), 88.

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miraculous ikon of unknown origin which might conceivably have been there long before 1306.99 Alternatively, it could have been taken to Rhodes in 1390 when the Emperor Manuel II received aid from the Hospitallers after reaching the island with many relics100 or when Giovanni Corsini, an important personage on Rhodes who was in Constantinople in 1390 and 1391, returned to Rhodes with various relics;101 or it might have reached Rhodes in 1390 or a little later when Fr. Domenico de Alamania brought many relics from Constantinople,102 or there may have been ikon painters from Constantinople on Rhodes itself.103 There could even have been an earlier ikon replaced or repainted at some unknown time. By 1419 pilgrims were being encouraged with indulgences to visit places in the town or just outside it at Saint Anthony and Saint John de Fonte.104 In 1389 Fr. Domenico endowed a chaplaincy in the Conventual church at Rhodes [133], and in or shortly before 1391 he founded the hospice of Saint Katherine in the borgo [142]. In 1402 a proposed treaty with the Mamluks, which soon proved abortive, involved an ambitious project to secure the Order virtual control of the lucrative pilgrim traffick to Syria.105 From the 1390s the Hospital was evidently extending its pilgrimage programme to the countryside at Filerimos, intruding itself into a Greek institution in so doing. In 1396 Ogier d’Anglure visited the miraculous ‘image of Our Lady’ in a small church at Filerimos where he said that the ikon was revered by all the island’s inhabitants, Greeks and Latins, Hospitallers and ‘merchants’. Ogier made no mention of Hospitaller priests and stated that there were no inhabitants there except for two ‘hermits’, probably Greeks; there was one ‘small’ church, which was not identified or described but was possibly either the subterranean church or, if it survived, the Greek church originally above it; the castle apart, there were no other buildings but only the ruins of a once fine city.106 By 1404 a Hospitaller priest held the prioratus or cappellania of Saint Mary at Filerimos [181, 192], but he did not necessarily reside there. A text of 1409 mentioned the ecclesia or church of Saint Mary at Filerimos [188] and in 1421 the Master Naillac founded five cappellanie, some in Saint Anthony’s church just outside the town   99 The Madonna, possibly very ancient, may have been retouched; it may show Italian influences from about 1300; it might have come from Cyprus, all according to Piatnitskij, 196–201. Beneath the ikon on canvas now in Montenegro is a wooden tavola bearing traces of painting: Ferraris (2007), 78–80, plates XIV, XVI. In 1474 Alessandro di Filippo Rinuccini, 77, 129–30, saw an ikon on a tavola dipinta which he described as antiquissima. 100  Reinert,VI 315–7. 101  Luttrell (1999), XVII 127–8. 102  Io notaio, 126. 103  Luttrell (2016a), 138, 142 n. 75. 104  Le voyatge, 51–2. 105  Luttrell (1992), X. 106  Le saint voyage, 91–3. Developments remain obscure since no visitor clearly referred to the chapel below ground.

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and others in a church of Saint Mary at Filerimos [202]; this church may have been the church built by the Hospital. In 1419 Nompar de Caumont heard mass in a chapel at Filerimos. He stated that there was nothing on the rest of the hill except for the chapel about which he said only that it contained a miraculous Virgin.107 In 1410 a Hospitaller was licensed to construct a chapel outside the castle at Kattavia [189], and at Filerimos it may have been necessary to cater for Greek and non-Hospitaller visitors who would not have been acceptable within the castle. At that time Cristoforo Buondelmonti stated that the ‘Lady of All Graces’ at Filerimos was much visited;108 in a revised text of 1420 he wrote of ‘Our Lady’ in a certain church at Filerimos, and referred to an ikon apparently with uplifted arms – paratis brachiis.109 Elsewhere, there was in about 1419 a church in which the Virgin performed miracles at Apollona;110 the much revered ikon of the Madonna there may well have been in that church by about 1419, as it certainly was by about 1480.111 By 1419 circa there was also a church, an ecclesia nobilissima and a cult of Saint Nicholas on Chalki mentioned by Cristoforo Buondelmonti who considered that Saint Nicholas had stayed on that island.112 Country dwellers would have been familiar with the sometimes quite sophisticated religious programmes on the walls of their churches, and they must have been aware of the ancient and post-classical remains strewn across the island, but probably there was little cultural activity outside churches and monasteries. In 1342 Manuel Angelos, a scholarly visitor from Constantinople, mentioned the ancient ruined cities of Lindos, Ialysos and Kameiros which local people showed him; on Kameiros he cited Homer.113 After about 1380, there was a measure of antiquarian speculation about the Hellenistic town, especially concerning the Colossos, while the Master Fernández de Heredia was interested in the history of Greece and sponsored translations from ancient Greek histories; his initial translation of Plutarch’s Lives from ancient to demotic Greek 107  Le voyatge, 51–2. Some of the Buondelmonti maps showed a church a little way from the castle: infra, 94. Whether the chaplaincy dedicated to Saint Mary implied a church is not certain. If it did, it could have been the church built by the Hospital, if it had been built by 1404; or the subterranean church, possibly dedicated to Mary; or, if it still existed, the Greek church above it. In 1471 the Itinéraire d’Anselme Adorno, 366, wrote: Juxta quem locum super uno parvo cavo stat ecclesia parva, in qua ymago Nostre Domine multa miracula fecit. Adorno, who may not have visited the site, was possibly confused. The ‘small church’ with the ikon was ‘above a small cavum’, possibly meaning a cave which may have been the subterranean church, unless there was still a church, with the ikon within it, above the subterranean church. 108  … domina omnium gratiarum sepe visitata adoratur a multis: Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), f. 35–35v. 109 … Domina nostra in ecclesia quadam, paratis brachiis, visitantes adiuvat: Gerola (1914), 464. If the painting of circa 1420 had ‘uplifted arms’ it may not have been the one which survives, though a copy of the ikon made in 1634 did show a Virgin with arms partly raised: Ferraris (1988), fig. 14. Alternatively the surviving ikon may have been cut down; the ikon awaits proper study. 110  Infra, 73, 75. 111  Phillips, 16; fig. 1.1, coloured plate 1. 112  Gerola (1914), 467–8; Bacci, 231, 243. 113  Luttrell (2003), 219–21.

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was made for him on Rhodes by a notary from Thessaloniki.114 It was the Hospitaller Fr. Domenico de Alamania who retailed to the pilgrim Nicola de Martoni a lengthy tale about a woman and a serpent on Kos.115 Only with the arrival of Cristoforo Buondelmonti did any serious humanistic interest from Italy or elsewhere in the West finally reach Rhodes. A Florentine priest with some classical preparation, Buondelmonti spent a considerable time on Rhodes between 1414 and his death in about 1431. He consulted ancient works in Greek, travelled around the island and, in about 1419, wrote a description of it in his Liber Insularum Archipelagi which he illustrated with a map of Rhodes. He discussed the ancient settlements and their fragmentary remains and he described the beauty and fertility of the landscape, mentioning castles, villages, churches and monasteries. Buondelmonti wrote of finds of statues and funerary urns; across Rhodes he claimed were over 1,000 colossi on columns, which must have been the very common votive altars; he also made the fantastic claim that a wall of squared stones had divided the whole island in two.116 His Latin text would not have given the inhabitants direct access to his views but it did bring the Rhodian countryside to the attention of a wider world. A slightly later visitor to the island’s countryside and its ancient monuments was the famous epigraphist Ciriaco of Ancona who in 1429 purchased three fragments of classical sculpture from a Rhodian priest.117 Rural life was tough and death often came early, especially for young children and women in childbirth, yet the Hospitallers were effective in securing the defence, the food supply and the development of the rural population. Except occasionally, as at Filerimos, they found no reason to impose Western religion, language or architectural styles in the Rhodian countryside.

114  Idem (2014), 57–60. 115  Io notaio, 128–30. 116  Barsanti (2008), 370–1, 375, fig. 24. 117  Cyriac of Ancona, 66–9.

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APPENDIX Cristoforo Buondelmonti’s description of Rhodes

Cristoforo Buondelmonti, author of the immensely popular Liber Insularum Archipelagi, was a Florentine priest who, following a humanistic preparation in Florence, spent much time on Rhodes between about 1414 and about 1431.1 He became dean of the Latin cathedral chapter there in 1430 and died soon after.2 He pursued his classical interests on Crete, at Constantinople and throughout the Aegean islands, all of which he described and depicted with numerous maps. Some curiosity about the Colossos apart, rather little interest in the Rhodian past had previously been shown on the island.3 Buondelmonti’s description of Rhodes4 demonstrated his preoccupation with its classical history and he cited various authors he had consulted, in some cases through books found on Rhodes itself. Buondelmonti’s Latin was not always clear and, sometimes confusingly, he mingled observations on ancient and contemporary matters. His description of Rhodes town included the novel and accurate remark that the Hospitallers’ inner castrum or collachium was divided into two separate areas.5 The original manuscript of the Liber in its ‘shorter’ version, completed probably in about 1419 but possibly in 1418, is lost. The Liber also survived in a ‘longer’ version of 1420 which exists in at least three manuscripts, one of which may be datable paleographically to circa 1440/1445;6 the Rhodian section of the ‘longer’ version was published in 1914 by Giuseppe Gerola from a 1 This summary uses only a few of the many manuscript versions and is limited to matters relevant to the present appendix which is far from exhaustive and requires much refinement through detailed analysis, text by text and map by map. The major recent works, which survey the older and often confused and controversial literature, are Barsanti (2001), Ragone (2002) and Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), 13–20. Giuseppe Ragone, who is conducting a major study of Buondelmonti, most generously provided invaluable advice. 2 Roger (2012). 3 Luttrell (2014). 4 In general: Barsanti (2001) and Ragone (2002). Both Barsanti (2007) and idem (2008) study and illustrate the Rhodian sections, reproducing a number of maps. 5 Manoussou-Della (2013), 88–9, fig. 8.3. 6 Barsanti (2001), 160–1 and n. 277.

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manuscript in Ravenna datable only to the fifteenth century. The ‘shorter’ version was edited in 1824, with dubious punctuation, by Gabriel von Sinner who made use of three manuscripts in Paris copied between 1464 and 1518.7 The ‘shorter’ text has subsequently been reproduced in facsimile8 and transcription9 from the similar but apparently more accurate Düsseldorf manuscript datable roughly between 1475 and 1500.10 There is an unpublished version with variations in the earliest surviving dated manuscript which was copied at Chios during Buondelmonti’s lifetime in 1429,11 and a variant manuscript of the ‘shorter’ version copied on Rhodes between 1421 and 1435, possibly datable to about 1430.12 There survive at least 75 often varying manuscripts and probably more, almost all containing the ‘shorter’ version and many copied after about 1460.13 Some manuscripts of the Liber were illustrated with maps of individual islands but they are extremely difficult to date and are to be interpreted with considerable caution. The original maps may well have been the work of Buondelmonti himself, since in 1421 and 1422 he ‘wrote’ and ‘painted’ other works.14 The various maps differed very considerably in their presentation and frequently they were altered, in some cases perhaps to take account of ongoing building or other development. Most of the maps were evidently out of date at the time they were drawn, and many were apparently copied by persons who did not know the island concerned; for example some maps of Rhodes had Catania for Kattavia. Maps in other manuscripts distinguished villages, castles, churches and rivers with some accuracy. Some maps gave a reasonable impression of the shape and geography of Rhodes by using varied colours to distinguish high and low ground, but the information they contained sometimes differed from that in the texts they illustrated. Buondelmonti’s written descriptions were frequently unclear and he repeatedly left it uncertain whether he was referring to classical sites or to buildings or ruins as they existed in 1419 circa. He knew Rhodes well, describing its landscape and presenting his own observations on the situation in his own time. Some of the maps, many of them copied well after 1420, depicted a tower or castle which in other manuscripts was shown as a church or an ordinary building, while the buildings and their labelling varied   7 Paris, Ms, latin 4823–4825.  8 Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005); ignore the date of 1437 given in Luttrell (1986), 193.  9 Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2007), 19–20, for the Rhodian section. 10 Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), 15. 11 Holkham Hall Ms. 475; cf. Hassall, pl. 138A. Barsanti (2008), 365 n. 6, suggests that the manuscript was possibly copied a little after 1429. 12 Biblioteca Vaticana, Ms. Chigi F. IV. 74; cf. idem (2001), 162. 13 List in Luttrell (1986), 189–94, with some errors and omissions; additions in Barsanti (2001); idem (2008); Ragone (2002). 14 In his only known autograph manuscript, the Vaticina Pontificum done in 1421, Buondelmonti wrote scripsi hunc librum et dipinsi in civitate Rodi mccccxxi: Barsanti (2008), 380. In 1422 Buondelmonti wrote in his description of Crete scripsi hunc librum figuramque insule: Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), 16. The library of Cardinal Giordano Orsini, to whom the Liber was dedicated, contained two mss. of the Liber, one copy being figuratus: Barsanti (2001), 161 n. 274.

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considerably. Sometimes the sketches of castles, towers and churches were simplified but other drawings were embellished, and many were too schematic and stylized to have been real representations.15 Buondelmonti praised Rhodes as the most agreeable of all Mediterranean islands. His ‘longer’ version discussed the city, quoting ancient authors and etymologies. Outside the town were the churches of Saint Anthony, Saint Stephen and Saint Kalinikos, this last on a mound – in tumulo; there was also the leprosy of Saint John. He wrote of the plains and settlements to the south-west of the town in which region lay Villanova and other amenissima opida which stretched southwards along the coast past innumerable rura. In the west was Vasilika, which was once a ‘great and magnificent urbs’ but had by about 1419 been ‘reduced to nothing’. In the south were ‘infinite’ flocks and pastures and high mountains. To the east was Lindos, opidum vetustissimum atque munitum; Buondelmonti wrote of ancient rites once practised there. Near Lindos were the remains of many ancient contrate or settlements where a number of ancient and ruined oppida had by 1419 been reduced ‘to nothing’; they included Feraklos and Archangelos, the latter with many ancient burials and much ancient pottery.16 There were monasteries and monks in the mountains and valleys. Near the main city Buondelmonti remarked on the many shady trees and gardens. On the east coast, three ‘miles’ from Rhodes town, was the villa or rus of Parambolino,17 and to the west lay Paradissi which Buondelmonti stated had been built by the Florentines, as indeed some buildings there had been.18 Five ‘miles’ from the city was the former oppidum of Filerimos where in a certain church a miraculous ikon of the Virgin was much visited.19 In the centre of the island was its highest point, Mount Atavyros, which Buondelmonti called Artamitis, and the Gaduras river which flowed towards the rus or village of Asklepio. At Apollona was a church of the Virgin where many marvels occurred. The small island of Chalki was infertile but sent many figs to nearby Rhodes; its oppidum, named after Saint Nicholas whom Buondelmonti believed had been on the island, was on a mountain and had few inhabitants; and the island possessed a magnificent church. Buondelmonti’s ‘shorter’ version introduced various additions and changes with respect to the earlier ‘longer’ version. Outside the city walls were the churches of Saint Anthony, Saint Stephen and Saint Kalinikos, this last lying to the east, while also to the east was the leprosy of Saint John. Buondelmonti described, somewhat confusingly, a ‘shield’ of walls and the churches outside them which extended for six miliaria and stretched from the church of Saint 15  Luttrell (1986), 189–93, 210–1; idem (2003), 48; Barsanti (2001), 164–6. 16  Gerola (1914), 463. 17  Parambolino was a casale in 1414 [194]; it was mentioned as a contrata in 1433 and had a castrum in 1437: Tsirpanlis (1995), 261–2, 282–3. 18  Luttrell (2003), 137, 188, 190, 210–3. 19  Supra, 63–9.

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Stephen to the leprosy of Saint John, to the seashore, to Saint Anthony’s and back to Saint Stephen’s by way of Saint Kalinikos.20 This ‘shorter’ version mentioned a recent find of 500 sculptures in a vineyard near Saint Anthony’s.21 The plain south-west of the town had many oppida and rura. To the east was Lindos munitissimum. Feraklos, which was desolatum, and Afandou, which was not mentioned in the ‘longer’ version, were oppida; both were ruined oppida of which vestiges could be seen.22 The ‘shorter’ version described Archangelos as a rus.23 The reference to monasteries and monks was omitted, as was any mention of Parambolino. Vasilika became a former civitas rather than an urbs while Apollona became a rus with its church of Saint Mary. In the south of the island were several ruined prosternata oppida and many rura; the ruined southern oppida were, apparently, Apolakkia, Kattavia and Lachania which, though they were inhabited, Buondelmonti must have considered to be ancient sites.24 In the south were numerous cattle, extensive pastures and mountains. Saint Nicholas, a small offshore island with a monastery, was shown as a church on some Buondelmonti maps and as a castle on others. Buondelmonti seems to have 20 … que ad modum scuti meniis circuiebatur, videlicet a sancto Stephano usque sanctum Iohannem leprosorum, deinde iuxta littus maris veniendo ad sanctum Antonium et ultra redire ad sanctum Stephanum per viam sancti Galinici: Gerola (1914), 459–60. Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), f. 35, wrote Sanctum Antoniumque Salvatorem but the term Salvator is unknown in connection with Saint Anthony. 21  Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2007), 19, wrongly gives 50 sculptures. 22 The ‘shorter’ manuscript in Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), f. 35, gives cumque non pauca sed magnaque magnifica per circuitum desolata videmus lineamenta Faraclum Fandum oppidum petimus cum Archangelo rure. Cristoph. Buondelmonti (1824), 73, has Farandum [sic], Fandum oppida petimus. If the singular oppidum were correct, Feraklos was not intended as an oppidum; if the plural oppida were correct (maybe with et after Farandum), both may have been intended as oppida. 23 Archangelos was a settlement with no castle in 1400 [166] and a casale in 1427, 1442 and 1448: Tsirpanlis (1995), 238–9, 424–5, 470. The ‘longer’ version left it obscure whether or not it intended to class Archangelos as an oppidum, but there was a village there in and after 1400 and the ‘shorter’ version called it a rus, so its description as a ruined oppidum must have referred to an ancient site. 24 This somewhat ambiguous passage had not been included in the ‘longer’ version. The ‘shorter’ version read Ad austrum vero prosternata oppida duo et rura plura videntur ubi Polachia Catania [sic] et Aghanea eminent fulcita rusticorum et culturata nimis cum armentorum multitudine: Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), f. 35. However the versions used in Cristoph. Buondelmonti (1824), 73, had diu rather than duo. If Buondelmonti was referring to three oppida in ruins, duo (two) would not make sense; diu would mean that the three places had long been in ruins. Heslop (2008), 191, states that Buondelmonti wrote that the three places ‘were all fortified towns’; they were indeed shown, but somewhat later, as fortified in the maps. However, if the implication is that the Hospitallers fortified the three places before 1419 (for which where there is no other evidence, except that – confusingly – Kattavia had a castrum in 1410 [189]), but that by 1419 the three places were prosternata, in ruins (for which there is no other evidence), that implication seems dubious. Heslop (2008), 192, also suggests that two of the ruined oppida prosternata might have been Monolithos and Lardos; but, the grammar and the argument against duo apart, there is no evidence for any pre-1423 fortification in either place while neither was mentioned in Buondelmonti’s texts or shown on the 1429 map. Papal letters of 1377 and 1379 referred to frequent Turkish incursions on Rhodes and the other islands (Luttrell – Zachariadou, 96) but there is little other evidence for attacks on Rhodes itself before 1423 to explain ruined castles: supra, 32. Heslop (2014), 45–6, refers to a Turkish attack on Kos in 1392 but his source, Bosio, ii. 147, mentioned only a threat of attack.

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considered that in his own time Asklepio, Apollona and Archangelos were rura or villages, and Parambolino was a rus or villa and without fortification; he qualified Afandou, Filerimos, Lindos and possibly Feraklos as oppida, and all four did have castles in 1420.25 The Virgin at Apollona saw ‘many miracles’; at Filerimos the ‘Lady of All Graces’ was in a ‘certain church’ where it was frequently visited and was adored by many people.26 Some of the maps of Rhodes did not show the offshore island of Chalki or the smaller islands nearby, but Chalki was described in a separate entry with its own map. The ‘shorter’ version wrote of an ancient oppidum on Chalki and showed a fortification next to a harbour.27 Given the lack of a date for many manuscripts of the Liber and the difficulty of knowing which of the earlier maps were later being copied, deductions from any of them remain largely hypothetical. The main places on the maps were well known. The map of 1429,28 though not necessarily the surviving map closest to the originals, showed as castles Soroni, Kremasti, Lachania, Lindos, Feraklos which was drawn inland way out of place, Filerimos with a church outside it, Afandou and Siana. Depicted as towers were Villanova though it had a castle, Kattavia, Salakos and Vasilika. Apollona, Saint Ilias, Apolakkia and possibly Trianda were shown as churches. The map misplaced the island church or monastery of Saint Nicholas on the mainland. It showed a church on the mountain near Salakos as Sanctus Elia or Profitis Ilias and another church marked mons artimiti; it also showed the church of Saint Stephen behind the main town with a dome or some kind of tower but without a name. It depicted a number of rivers. Though not mentioned in Buondelmonti’s written texts, Trianda appeared in the 1429 map as a church or maybe as a castle or a village with a tower; however, it had a castellany in 1358 [59] and a castle in 1382 [118]. Kremasti was a castellany by 1434.29 Siana was shown as a castle on the 1429 map, though it was not included in the written descriptions of circa 1419 and of 1420; it had a castellan in 1381 [104] and was mentioned as a castellany in 1450.30 The map in the Ravenna manuscript containing the ‘longer’ version varied somewhat. It showed Saint Anthony and Saint Stephen outside the town, Parambolino as a villa and Asklepio as a rus.31 Maps in other manuscripts contained additions and variations but did not necessarily illustrate the situation in 1420 circa. Later maps recopied much of what was shown on the 1429 map of Rhodes; much of what they copied was probably taken from the original maps, so that some indications they contained may have reflected the situation 25 E.g. Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), f. 35; Gerola (1914), 463–4. 26  Supra, 70. 27 E.g. Cristoforo Boundelmonti (2005), f. 36; Gerola (1914), 467–8. 28  Hassall, fig. 138 A. 29 Tsirpanlis (1995), 563–6. 30  Ibid., 541–2. 31  Gerola (1914), 465/6 n. 4.

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in about 1420. Asklepio and Archangelos later appeared on some maps as large villages, both sometimes marked as a rus magnum. Some maps showed a bridge over the River Gaduras.32 In circa 1419 and in 1420 Buondelmonti used both civitas and urbs to describe Rhodes town, and he employed the same two terms for the completely destroyed settlement of Vasilika, presumably the Hellenistic site southwest of Glyfada. The texts of circa 1419 and 1420 described Vasilika, clearly in an exposed location, as a ruined urbs, presumably the ancient settlement, but the map of 1429 showed it merely as an unnamed tower; in 1450 it was a totally deserted casale which had once possessed a watch tower and needed a new one.33 Archangelos, which had no castle but was thought in 1400 to need one [166], was for Buondelmonti a rus in about 1419 and 1420; Hospitaller documents mentioned it as a casale in 1427, 1442 and 1448.34 Apolakkia had a castellan in 1393 [157] and in 1410 Kattavia had a castrum [189]. Precisely what Buondelmonti meant by oppidum, a term he frequently used, was not clear.35 He did not employ the Hospitaller terminology of castellany and casale. His rus was evidently a village. His oppidum was not necessarily a civitas, a castrum or a castellum. Buondelmonti wrote of an oppidum sine moeniis on the island of Agiostrati as if to imply that an oppidum was normally walled.36 Perhaps he used oppidum to mean a fortified or walled town or village as well as on occasion a castle, but to what extent he was able correctly to distinguish an ancient oppidum from a late-Byzantine or Hospitaller oppidum was unclear. Buondelmonti’s description of a site as an oppidum, or even as a rus, did not however necessarily exclude the possibility that the site in question had some Hospitaller fortification by about 1419. In Florence Buondelmonti had been in contact with some of the leading humanist scholars of his time and his studies and observations were devoted especially to ancient monuments and remains. His interests were primarily, though far from exclusively, classical and he repeatedly referred to ancient sites which had been abandoned or destroyed. On Rhodes Buondelmonti reported remains, coins, burials with human ashes, marble tombs and potsherds which he realized were ancient, and he wrote of Hercules and ancient rites at Lindos. Fancifully he also thought that there had been a wall of enormous square stones dividing the island. The ‘great and magnificent urbs of Vasilika’ must have been Hellenistic and not Hospitaller; Buondelmonti’s maps regularly showed only a tower there. Lindos was ‘very old’; the oppidum there belonged to the past and was already in ruins in the fourteenth century; Afandou had a castellan, and possibly therefore a castle, in 1394 and 1414 [161, 195]; Buondelmonti’s 32  Sommi Picenardi, 193; Barsanti (2008), plates 9 a–b. 33 Tsirpanlis (1995), 563–6; cf. Lock, 381–2, fig. 19. 2. 34  Supra, 76 n. 23, 77. 35  Gerola (1914), 455 n. 1, wrongly claims that Buondelmonti always used oppidum to mean ‘village’. 36  Cristoforo Buondelmonti (2005), f. 56.

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‘shorter’ text described it as an oppidum but his ‘longer’ version made no mention of it while the map of 1429 showed Afandou rather indistinctly as fortified, as did later maps; it was mentioned as a casale in 1443.37 Many places had ancient or Byzantine origins or remains whether or not they had Hospitaller fortifications when Buondelmonti visited them.38 It is possible that before 1423 other Hospitaller sites had fortifications which cannot be dated. The Buondelmonti map of 1429 did indicate castles not explicitly documented as such in the written sources before 1423; there were castles at Soroni, Kremasti and Lachania, though Lachania was apparently characterized as a ruined and ancient oppidum in the ‘shorter’ text. Despite possible damage or destruction by earthquakes and some evidence of Turkish threats, Buondelmonti’s texts and maps seem not to have conveyed any information indicating that there were fortifications which had been built by the Hospital between 1306 and 1423 but which were in ruins by about 1419.

37 Tsirpanlis (1995), 271–2. 38  Heslop (2007–2008).

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DOCUMENTS Punctuation and capitalization are kept to a minimum; ‘i’ is preferred to ‘j’, and ‘v’ to ‘u’ in, for example, vendere. In the texts supplied material is placed in square brackets, doubtful material in round brackets. In general only significant textual variations or difficulties, such as some incorrect grammar, are noted. In the summaries supplied or doubtful materials are placed in square brackets, and where possible proper names are identified and modernized; italics are employed for technical terms and for unidentified places and persons. Most of the texts are contemporary registered copies rather than originals. In some cases they are almost or partly illegible. Their abbreviations are often heavy with frequent use of etc. Contracted forms often make it difficult to distinguish a Magistral from a Conventual bull. Modern pencil foliations in the registers are added in round brackets where they exist. The summaries involve inescapable assumptions and simplifications. It may be difficult to decide where a person is Greek or Latin; Georgius might be Giorgio or Georghios. Iohannes carpentarius might be a carpenter or have Carpenter as his name. Sanctus rather than Agios was sometimes used for a Greek church. Aquis pendentibus might be flowing water, that is a stream or, less likely, a waterfall. Montanea must usually have meant hill rather than a high mountain. A boundary given as, for example, confrontatum cum Nicholao Sarandino presumably indicated a property bordered by the lands of Nicholaos Sarandino. Whether such estates, often vineyards, included buildings is often uncertain. When a property was bounded by a casale, any buildings in that casale may have been some way from the boundary. Where a place was described by a personal name, that person was not necessarily still alive; his or her name may have become a toponym. Well known place-names are given in their modern form. Unlocated place-names are italicized in the summaries. Some toponyms may be located approximately from identifiable boundaries or through the relevant castellany or casale as mentioned in the documents; others have not been located. Guillermus is arbitrarily preferred to Guillelmus and Avignonis to Avignonensis; dat. is given as data. Identifications of persons and places, and especially of Hospitallers and their priories and commanderies, are not normally documented but may often be traced in Delaville (1913), Luttrell (1978; 1982; 1992; 1999; 2003; 2007), Bonneaud (2003) and other works cited. The names of the Masters, not repeated in the summaries to the documents, were as follows: Foulques de Villaret (1305–1319), Hélion de Villeneuve (1319–1346), Déodat de Gozon (1346–1353), Pierre Corneillan (1353–1355), Roger des Pins (1355– 1365), Raymond Bérenger (1365–1374), Robert de Juilly (1374–1377), Juan Fernández de Heredia (1377–1396), Philibert de Naillac (1396–1421), and Antoni de Fluvià (1421–1437).

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[1] near Limassol, 27 May 1306. The Master and the Hospital conclude with Vignolo de Vignoli, civis of Genoa, a paragium or societas for the acquisition of unnamed islands in Romania; the Master is to receive two-thirds of the conquered islands’ incomes and Vignolo one-third, all to be collected jointly; Vignolo has already given the Hospital by a notarial act the islands of Kos (Lango) and Leros which are excluded from the paragium, as is Rhodes if it should be acquired; he is, however, to have the casale on Rhodes which the emperor at Constantinople has granted him in writing and another Rhodian casale of his choice with all their rights; Vignolo is to be vicar and justiciar on all the islands he has given and on those to be acquired, with powers to impose death and mutilation, to appoint officials and to create notaries; there are to be rights of appeal to the Master who is to have jurisdiction over his own famuli and those of the Order. Present in the church of Saint George of the Greeks close to Limassol are Fr. Guillaume de Vadallone; Fr. Albrecht von Schwarzburg, Marshal; Fr. Walter of England, Drapier; Fr. Sancho de Aragón, Admiral; Fr. Eudes de Montaigu; Fr. Salvo Goga; Jachetus, the Master’s chamberlain; and Bencivenni di Folco of Florence of the Peruzzi bank.1 [Malta 326, f. 187v –188v (195v –196v), copy of 1392/1393: ed. Delaville (1903), 274 –6 n. 1; Luttrell (1997), 210 –13. These two and others have somewhat misrepresented this text]. In nomine Domini amen. Noverint universi presens publicum instrumentum inspecturi et audituri quod cum nos frater Fulcho de Villareto Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos nomine nostro et successorum nostrorum ac domus nostre predicte necnon omnium et singulorum fratrum nostrorum presentium et futurorum ex una parte et ego Vignolus de Vignolo civis Ianue ex altera paragium seu societatem habuerimus et fecerimus, videlicet ad acquirendum aliquas de insulis Romanie, si nobis Dominus ministraverit, promictimus nobis adinvicem bona fide et firma et solenni stipulatione convenimus tenere, complere et observare inviolabiliter infrascripta. Sciendum est igitur quod nos magister predictus nomine quo supra debemus habere et percipere pacifice et quiete et absque contradictione aliqua duas partes omnium reddituum, fructuum et proventuum [e]t2 exituum omnium et singularum insularum quas Dominus dabit nobis3 acquirere adinvicem in Romania quicunque sint et quibuscunque consistant et undecunque proveniant. Et ego Vignolus predictus debeo habere et percipere terciam partem predictorum reddituum, fructuum, proventuum et exituum contradictione aliqua quiescente. Et est eciam deductum in pactum quod ad colligendum, levandum et percipiendum redditus, fructus, proventus et exitus huiusmodi nos insimul debemus, in quantum quemlibet nostrum tangit, personas quot 1 Identifications in Luttrell (1997), 210–213, but Vadallone was apparently a Frenchman, formerly Prior of Barletta and Messina: Tommasi (2008), 103–4. 2 Ms: ut. 3 Delaville: vobis.

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et quas voluerimus4 deputare et deputatas deponere et muctare quociens et quando noverimus expedire. Sciendum est aut[em] quod insule de Lango et de Lerro quas ego Vignolus predictus dedi dicte sacre domui, extracto inde publico instrumento manu mei notarii infrascripti confecto, et insula de Rodo si Deus eam5 nobis acquirere dederit, non intelligantur in hoc paragio ymo ab eo sint excluse totaliter et exe[m]pte. Verumtamen ego Vignolus predictus habeo et habere debeo quoddam casale in insula Rodi quod michi dedit serenissimus imperator Constantinopol[itanus] extantibus inde suis litteris. Quod casale cum omnibus suis iuribus et pertinentiis ac appendenciis universis ego Vignolus predictus integre habere et tenere debeo et pacifice possidere. Conscriptum est pactum inter nos quod ego Vignolus predictus habeam et habere debeam in predicta insula Rodi unum aliud casale quod eligere voluero cum Dominus dictam insulam6 Rodi nobis acquirere dederit. De quibus duobus casalibus cum suis pertinenciis et appendenciis universis ac tercia parte predictorum reddituum aliarum insularum quas,7 volente Domino, acquiremus adinvicem ordinare et facere valeam ut michi placuerit voluntati. Preterea sciendum est quod ego Vignolus prefatus pro predicta sacra domo et eodem domino magistro ac successoribus suis et pro me eciam debeo esse vicarius seu iusticiarius predictarum insularum quas ego predicte sacre domui dedi [et] tradidi, et aliarum insularum quas inter nos, volente Domino, acquiremus. Ita quod ego in hoc officio nostro constitutus per me vel alium seu alios audiam querimonias et causas habitancium in predictis insulis per me datis et aliis acquirendis et ipsarum qualibet ac eciam stipendiariorum nostrorum omnium et singulorum, cuilibet secundum quod Deus michi ministrabit, reddam et faciam quod racio et iusticia ortabuntur. Puniam et[iam] delinquentes per mortem et mutilacionem membrorum videlicet secundum qualitatem et exigentiam delictorum. Verum si contingeret quod essem negligens vel remissus in faciendo iusticiam vel metas transgrederer iusticie seu racionis, volo et concedo quod idem dominus magister et successores sui per se vel per alios possint in predictis adhibere remedium et conscilium et ea, ut expedire noverint, moderare. Ceterum est conventum quod, si quis vel que in eisdem insulis aut ipsa cum altera sentiret se per me Vignolum seu officiales meos seu ministros gravatum sive gravatam a sentencia per me vel per alium seu alios nomine meo lata seu alia de causa, liceat tali gravato sive gravate ad ipsius domini magistri et successorum suorum vel eorum locumtenentis audienciam8 appellare. Preterea ego Vignolus sepedictus debeo ponere, ordinare et instituere baylivos, servientes et alios officiales et creare notarios in predictis insulis de antedicti domini magistri  4 Ms: noluerimus.  5 Ms: eam; Delaville: eas.  6 Ms: dictam insulam; Delaville: dictas insulas.  7 Ms: quam.  8 Ms: audianciam.

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et successorum suorum aut locum suum9 tenentium voluntate,10 conscilio et assensu. Nos autem magister predictus correctionem pene et punicionem famulorum ad nostrum et fratrum nostrorum sepedictorum servicium deputatorum nobis et nostris successoribus aut locum nostrum tenentibus reservamus, nisi taliter delinquerent, quod deberent vitam perdere sive membra, nam ego dictus Vignolus illud quod alias debeo exercere. Nos ergo magister predictus nominibus quibus supra et ego Vignolus nomine meo volentes omnem ambiguitatem, discordie et dissencionis materiam de medio tollere ad hoc ut nos et gentes nostre tranquille vivere valeamus et pacifice, omnia et singula predicta et predictorum quolibet promictimus nobis adinvicem tenere et observare, attendere et complere. Actum in campis Nimoarassis prope ecclesiam Sancti Georgii Grecorum, presentibus testibus dominis fratre Guillermo de Vadallone et fratre Alberto Alamanno mariscallo, fratre Galterio Anglico draperio,11 fratre Sancio de Aragonia admirato, fratre Odone de Monte Acuto ordinis sacre domus predicte et Bencevegna Fulci de Florentia mercatore de societate Perruciorum, Ba[r]tholomeo Astesano, fratre Salvo Goga eiusdem Hospitalis et Iacheto camerario12 eiusdem domini magistri. Anno Domini mo ccco vio, indictione quarta, die xxvii mensis Madii. Ego Nicholaus Pauleti de Gardia clericus imperiali publicus auctoritate notarius predictus omnibus et singulis presens interfui et ea rogatus scripsi et publicavi meoque consueto13 signo signavi. [2] Rhodes, 14 May 1313. The Master and Convent, given that the Hospital holds ‘castles, towns and fortresses and fertile lands’ on the islands and the mainland taken by force from schismatic Greeks and impious Turks, need Christian inhabitants, noble or otherwise, from the West who will settle and defend these territories; they offer lands in perpetual fief. A miles with a wife and familia would receive lands worth 65 livres tournois annually or, without a wife and familia, 50 livres; he and his successors would maintain a good horse and either a good packhorse or a mule, plus two men, one of them fit to bear arms. The fief of a noble who was not a miles would be worth 40 livres or 30 if he was without wife and familia; he would be bound to maintain a horse and either a crossbowman or a lancer. A noble who became a knight or a noble or knight who married in the East would have his fief augmented. A noble or non-noble who maintained a good packhorse worth 200 silver gros would have a fief worth 20 livres a year. Any serviens pedes or foot man or any agricultor would receive lands and feudal possessions worth 15 and 13 livres respectively. All settlers would be maintained at the Hospital’s expense for one year, and horses and other animals would be provided. Settlers would be bound to serve in defence of the Hospital’s lands as often  9 Ms: sim’l. 10 Ms: voluntatem. 11 Ms: dnnperio. 12 Ms: Iachetus camerarius. 13 Ms: consuetu.

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as needed and at their own expense, and to serve outside these lands at the Hospital’s expense if such service lasted more than one day. Any settler providing a galley of from 112 to 120 oars would receive lands worth 2,000 gros tournois or 1,000 bezants of Rhodes; for any other armed vessel a settler would receive feudal possessions according to its size; such lands would be free of all burdens except ecclesiastical obligations and naval service. Sailors were offered a non-feudal stipend; a galley captain or comes 20 Rhodian bezants a month for life while he remained on Rhodes, raised to 30 bezants while at sea; a naucherius, maybe a steersman, 10 bezants, 15 while at sea; an oarsman the normal wage of an oarsman while at sea and his victuals while ashore. [Madrid, Carp. 859 no. 4 (olim legajo 718), original, on parchment, slightly damaged, seal missing: ed. Luttrell (1978), III 771–3]. Universis Christi fidelibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint, frater Fulco de Vilareto Dei gratia sancte domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierusolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos salutem in eo qui est omnium vera salus. Universitati vestre tenore presentium patefiat nos et domum nostram divina disponente clemencia acquisivisse per vim armorum in partibus cismarinis a Grecis cismaticis et Turchis de Saracenis inpiis inimicis orthodoxe fidei tam in insulis quam in terra firma castra, villas et fortellicia ac terras fertiles et in cunctis fructibus copiosas, que cultu et solacio indigent populi christiani ad ipsorum Turchorum destructionem et exterminium et ad exaltacionem fidei orthodoxe. Nos itaque ferventi cupientes desiderio et vias ac modos indagantes quibus ipsas villas, castra et terras bonis gentibus ac hominibus nobilibus et aliis de ultramarinis partibus oriundis stabilire et populare possimus, qui ipsa loca et terras contra predictos Turchos et Grecos defendant ac eis cum vexillo sancte crucis viriliter resistant et in societate nostra ac procerum domus nostre ipsos dampnificent, destruant radicitus et evellant, de consilio, voluntate et expresso assensu fratrum et procerum domus nostre nobis assistencium duximus ordinandum ut quibuscumque personis citra mare venire volentibus cause habitandi in locis et terris predictis ipsa loca et terris in feudum perpetuum concedamus et de ipsis terris et locis cuique iuxta statum suum et condicionem talem partem conferamus quod honorifice possint vivere prout qualitas et condicio ipsorum cuiuslibet postulabit. Quocirca universitatem vestram et vestrum quemlibet requirimus et rogamus et vos in Domino sollicite exortamur quatinus pro acquirendo honore et vestrarum animarum salute ac dictorum inimicorum fidei confusione et catholice fidei exaltatione ad nos citra mare ex causa predicta cicius quam1 poteritis veniatis, et nos ac conventus noster cismarinus de locis et terris predictis cuilibet vestrum talem partem tribuamus quod de ea et nobis ac domo predicta merito poteritis contentari sub modis, formis et condicionibus infrascriptis. Promittimus siquidem et convenimus bona fide dare et concedere in feudum perpetuum cuilibet militi et suis heredibus qui citra mare venire voluerit cum uxore et familia sua causa habitandi in locis et terris que nostre tam in insulis 1 Ms: quem.

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quam in terra firma subiacent dicioni, terras et possessiones que valebunt comuni extimacione in reditibus annuis sexaginta quinque libras turonenses bone monete vel valorem earundem ad monetam curribilem in insula nostra Rodi. Et si solus venerit sine uxore et familia, habebit in redditibus annuis tam in terris quam in possessionibus feudalibus quinquaginta libras turonenses bone monete vel valorem earundem in moneta predicta. Et si contingerit ipsum in partibus cismarinis uxorari habebit feudum militis uxorati. Ita tamen quod idem miles et successores sui debeant et teneantur tenere secum continue duo animalia, videlicet unum bonum et sufficientem equm et unum ronsinum vel unam mulatiam ac duos homines pro suo servicio quorum unus sit homo aptus ad arma. Et cuilibet nobili qui non sit miles qui citra mare venire voluerit cum uxore et familia sua causa habitandi in terris et locis predictis, et suis heredibus, promittimus et convenimus dare et concedere in feudum perpetuum terras et possessiones valentes communi extimacione in redditibus annuis quadraginta libras turonenses bone monete vel valorem earundem in moneta supradicta. Et si contingerit ipsum militem fieri, habebit feudum militis quod superius est expressum. Et si solus venerit sine uxore et familia, habebit in redditibus annuis tam in terris quam in possessionibus feudalibus triginta libras monete predicte. Et si in partibus cismarinis uxorem acciperet, habebit pheudum nobilis uxorati vel militis, si miles extiterit tempore matrimonii contrahendi, ita2 tamen quod idem nobilis et successores sui teneantur et debeant tenere secum continue unum bonum et sufficientem equm et unum servientem peditem arbalestarium vel lancearium. Promittimus etiam et convenimus dare et concedere cuilibet nobili et innobili et suis heredibus qui citra mare venire voluerit causa habitationis predicte et secum tenere voluerit continue unum bonum ronsinum de valore ducentorum turonensium grossorum argenti super terras et possessiones in feudum perpetuum valentes comuni extimacione viginta libras turonenses monete antedicte. Et quilibet serviens pedes qui occasione predicta citra mare venerit habebit pro se et suis successoribus in reditibus annuis tam in terris quam in possessionibus feudalibus quindecim libras dicte monete. Et etiam quilibet agricultor qui eadem occasione venerit citra mare, habebit in reditibus annuis et eius successores tam in terris quam possessionibus pheodalibus tresdecim libras monete eiusdem. Promittimus etiam insuper et convenimus bona fide prefatis militibus et nobilibus ac eorum uxoribus, familiis et animalibus ac predictis nobilibus aut innobilibus qui ronsinum predictum tenebunt, et servientibus peditibus et agricultoribus predictis conpetenter et decenter providere aut provideri facere in victu suo ad expensas nostras et domus per totum unum annum continuum et completum, conputandum a die qua pactum et convenciones nobiscum fecerint de remanendo et habitando in locis et terris nostris predictis, et dare seu dari facere puro dono infra dictum annum cuilibet dictorum militum et nobilium qui equos, ut supra dictum est, tenere debent unum bonum et sufficientem equm et alia animalia que ratione dictorum feudorum tenere debebunt et habere. 2 Ms: item.

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Volumus tamen quod inter nos et personas predictas per pactum expressum ­conveniatur et inhiatur convencio quod ipsi milites et nobiles et alie gentes supra expressate et eorum successores debeant et teneantur sequi nos et proceres dicte domus, quotiens opus fuerit, in facto armorum per totam terram Hospitalis in qua ipsi habitabunt, et per unam dietam extra dictam terram nostram suis propriis sumptibus et expensis. Et si nos aut proceres dicte domus vellemus procedere ad eundum longius, nos et domus predicta tenebuntur facere [… … …] sumptibus et earum [… …] necessariis conpetenter providere ad expensas nostras et domus, et ipsis militibus et nobilibus aliisque gentibus stipendia nostra tribuere iuxta qualitatem et conditionem cuiuslibet ipsorum quamdiu in servicio nostro et domus [nostre …] et unam dietam predictam morabunt eundo, stando et etiam tradando. Preterea promittimus et convenimus quod cuilibet qui in locis et terris predictis habitare voluerit et tenere continue pro servicio nostro et domus unam galeam de centum duodecim usque ad centum viginti remos paratam et furnitam omnibus suis ychariis ac apparatibus iuxta usus et consuetudines regni Ierusalem et Cipri, dabimus et concedamus in pheudum perpetuum terras ac possessiones valentes annuatim duo milia turonenses grossos argenti vel mille bisancios de Rodo de quibus se et dictam galeam valent subsceptare. Et quilibet qui tenere voluerit in servicio nostro et domus aliud lignum armatum, habebit in reditibus annuis tam in terris quam in possessionibus feodalibus pro eodem modo et foro quo recipiet dicta galea iuxta ipsius ligni magnitudinem et eius remorum quantitatem. Quas terras et possessiones promittimus et convenimus dare et concedere prenominatis personis francas, quietas et liberas ab omni prestacioni iuris et servitutis, excepto quocumque iure ecclesiastico et omnibus aliis [serviciis debitis] nobis et domui facere tenebuntur racione dictorum pheudorum prout superius est prepactum. Ceterum promittimus et convenimus dare cuilibet comito galee ad vitam suam qui in insula nostra Rodi vel in alio loco terrarum dicte domus habitare voluerit et esse in servicio nostro et domus pro stipendiis suis quolibet mense viginti bisancios de Rodo et quando navigabit triginta bisancios. Et cuilibet naucherio3 decem bisancios quolibet mense pro stipendiis suis ad vitam suam, et quando navigabit pro servicio dicte domus, quindecim bisancios. Item quilibet galiotus qui ad insulam nostram Rodi veniet ab instanti mense Augusti inantea causa habitandi in eadem habebit et recipiat quolibet mense quando navigabit in servicio nostro et domus stipendia que dabimus aliis galiotis, et quando non navigabit habebit continue et recipiet a nobis et domo suam panaticam pro substentacione sue vite. In quorum omnium testimonium et certitudinem bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Datum Rodi die quartadecima mensis Madii anno Domini mo. ccco. terciodecimo.

3 The naucherius is clearly inferior to a comes galee and may be a steersman.

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[3] Avignon, 3 January 1326. The Master, with the assent of Fr. Pierre d’Ongle Prior of Toulouse, Fr. Leonardo de Tibertis Prior of Venice, Fr. Artal de Echavano Prior of Navarre, Fr. Giovanni de Rivara Prior of Pisa, Fr. Sancho de Aragón the Master’s lieutenant in the Castellany of Amposta, Fr. Pietro da Imola, Fr. Geoffroi Rostagne, Fr. Pierre Corneillan, Fr. Jean Rat and other socii of the Master, grants in feudum nobile in return for a census seu servicium1 to Folco de Vignoli, physician and civis of Genoa, who is intending to reside on Rhodes, and to his heirs the casale of Lardos in the Castellany of Lindos, provided that the Marshal Fr. Géraud des Pins, Castellan of Lindos, concurs; Folco and his brother, the late Vignolo de Vignoli, had served in the acquisition of Rhodes and elsewhere. [Copy of 1392/1393 in [5] infra]. Noverint universi et singuli presentes litteras inspecturi quod nos frater Elyonus de Vilanova Dei gratia sacre [domus] Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos actendentes obsequiose placiditatis exercitium necnon impensa servicia que et quod discretus et providus vir magister Fulcho de Vinholo phisicus civis Ianue et quondam Vinholus frater eius in domo nostra retroactis temporibus nobis et domus nostre proceribus et ipsi domini exhibuisse probantur presertim in acquisitione insule nostre Rodi, circa quam personaliter et visibiliter exibuerunt ac solicite et fideliter laboraverunt necnon cotidie ad honorem et comodum dicte domus se idem magister Fulcho exhibet labores varios et sudores tam ultra quam citra mare cotidie tolerando, advertantes2 eciam quod ipse magister Fulcho intendit sibi domicilium et habitacionem constituere in insula nostra prefata ubi cum Dei auxilio propter industriam et magnam experienciam ipsius nobis et domui nostre esse poterit multipliciter fructuosus, dignum reputamus et rationi comsonum ut dictum magistrum Fulchonem tanquam providum3 et utilem servitorem domus nostre, prosequentes retributione condigna eidem sicut digno et bene merito faciamus gratiam specialem, de consilio igitur [et] assensu religiosorum in Christo dominorum fratrum Petri de Ungula Tholos[e], Leonardi de Tibertis Venetorum, Artaldi de Chanavono4 Navare, Iohannis de Riparia5 Pisarum prioratuum domus eiusdem priorum, Sancii de Aragonia locum nostrum tenentis in castelania Emposte, Petri de Imola, Caufredi Rostagni, Petri Cornilhani et Iohannis Rati sociorum nostrorum et nonnullorum aliorum preceptorum et fratrum procerum domus nostre nobis assistencium in hac parte, casale nostrum de Lardo seu vocatum Lardo situm in insula nostra Rodi cum omnibus iuribus et pertinentiis suis ad dictum casale pertinentibus et pertinere debentibus sibi et suis heredibus in feudum nobile habendum et tenendum, possidendum, utifruendum et quicquid sibi et dictis suis heredibus deinceps placuerit faciendum

1 The nature of this obligation was later disputed [5, 85]. 2  Sic. 3 Ms: provitum. 4 Ms: Chananono. 5 Ms: Rapparia.

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damus, donamus et confirmamus6 per presentes, ita tamen quod dictus magister Fulcho et sui heredes pro dicto casali anno quolibet in festo Nativitatis Beati Iohannis Babtiste illum censum seu servicium solvant et faciant et solvere ac facere teneantur, quem nos et conventus noster Rodi duxerimus eidem imponendum et statuendum, quodque predictum casale vendere seu alienare non pos[s]it absque nostri seu successorum nostrorum concenssu et licencia speciali. Concessionem huius(modi) ita effectum volumus7 obtinere si ad eam religiosi in Christo nobis karissimi fratris Giraudi de Pinibus domus eiusdem marescalli conventus nostri Rodi ac castellani castellanie nostre de Lindico, ad quam castellaniam casale predictum noscitur pertinere, intervenerint beneplacitum et voluntas. Quapropter districte in virtute sancte obediencie firmiter iniungimus et mandamus fratri locum nostrum tenenti in conventu nostro Rodi8 [et] ceteris fratribus domus eiusdem presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status vel condicionis existant, ne contra predicta vel aliqua predictorum venire presumant sed pocius omnia predicta et singula studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium et certitudinem pleniorem bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Avinione per me fratrem Petrum de Imola die iii mensis Ianuarii anno Domini mo ccco vicesimo quinto none indictionis. [4] Avignon, 18 May 1329. The Master orders Fr. Guillaume de Reillanne, his Lieutenant in the East, and Fr. Bérenger d’Auros, Castellan of Filerimos, to execute the Magistral letter of 3 January 1326 [text in 3] granting Folco de Vignoli, physician and civis of Genoa, the casale of Lardos in feudum nobile at an annual census seu servicium, which census was to take account of the value of the casale, of the Hospital’s interest and of what Folco could afford; he may not alienate the casale without licence. [Copy of 1392/1393 in [5] infra]. Frater Elionus de Vilanova Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos religiosis in Christo karissimis fratri Guillermo de Relanea domus eiusdem locum nostrum tenenti in partibus transmarinis et fratri Berengario de Aurosio dicte domus castellano de Filermo salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Ab olim per alias nostras litteras datas Avinione die tercio mensis Ianuarii discreto viro magistro Fulconi de Vinholis phisico civi Ianue propter eius merita et servicia per eum domui nostre impensa et propter diversa alia in ipsis aliis litteris nostris comprehensa de consilio et assensu nonnullorum fratrum, priorum et procerum domus eiusdem nobis in [h]ac parte tunc assistencium casale nostrum de Lardo seu vocatum Lardo cum hominibus suis, iuribus et pertinentiis ad dictum casale pertinentibus et pertinere debentibus et suis heredibus in feudum nobile duxerimus conferendum, ita tamen quod dictus Fulco et sui heredes pro dicto casali anno quolibet in 6 Ms: confirmemus. 7 Ms: vidimus. 8 The identity of the Master’s Lieutenant is uncertain: Luttrell (2003), 13–14.

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festo Nativitatis Sancti Iohannis Babtiste illum censum seu servicium solva[n]t et solvere tenea[n]tur, quem nos et conventus Rodi duxerimus eidem impendendum et statuendum quod ipsum casale vendere seu alienare non possint absque nostri seu successorum nostrorum licentia speciali prout in dictis litteris hec alia latius continentur. Verum cum ex causa adventus noster rationabili fuerit retardatus et census non fuerit dicto casali impositus supradictus, indempnitati ordinis nostri et securitati dicti magistri Fulconis et suorum providere volentes vobis, de cuius fide et industria plenam in Domino gerimus fiduciam ab experto, tenore presencium committimus [et] mandamus quatenus habita informatione valoris dicti casalis talem censum seu servicium pro dicto magistro Fulcone imponere cum consilio fratrum dicti conventus auctoritate nostra debeatis quod domus nostre1 indempnitati provideat et illum magister Fulco predictus et sui valeant comode2 supportare, comictentes vobis in predictis tenore presentium vices nostras. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plombea presentibus est appensa. Data Avinione per virum nobilem dominum Franciscum Caisii iurisperitum, consiliarium et familiarem nostrum dilectum die decima octava [mensis] Maii anno Incarnationis Domini mo ccco vicesimo nono duodecime indictionis. [5] Rhodes, 12 November 1329. Fr. Guillaume de Reillanne, the Master’s Lieutenant in the East, and the Convent execute the grant in perpetuity in feudum nobile made by the Master at Avignon on 3 January 1326 to Folco de Vignoli, phisicus and citizen of Genoa, and to his heirs, of the casale of Lardos in the Castellany of Lindos which his brother the late Vignolo de Vignoli has given him; this grant received the assent of Fr. Géraud des Pins, then Castellan of Lindos, and the Master empowered Fr. Guillaume to execute the act of 3 January 1326, imposing the annual census [3]; the Lieutenant and Fr. Bérenger d’Auros, Castellan of Filerimos, having ascertained the value of the casale, declare that Folco, who has come with his wife and children to live on Rhodes and has quit the Hospital for all that his brother Vignolo could claim under the pact of 1306 [1], is granted the casale as a feudum nobile, but he and his heirs may not alienate it without licence, nor exercize the pena sanguinis; for this Folco did homage and fidelity, binding himself to give four rotoli of wax a year and when required to provide the service at his own expense of an armed Latin man and his horse in defence of Rhodes, or in Turquia or elsewhere, the Hospital providing their expenses outside the island. [Copy of 1392/1393 in Malta 326, f. 186–187v (194–195v)]. Universis et singulis presentes nostras litteras inspecturis ac etiam audituris, nos frater Guillermus de Reliana sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani generalis locumtenens in cunctis cismarinis partibus reverendi in Christo patris et domini domini fratris Elioni de Vilanoua Dei gratia domus eiusdem magistri dignissimi ac universi et singuli fratres eiusdem domus in conventu cismarino Rodi commorantes necnon et totus conventus facimus 1 Ms: nostra. 2 Ms: comodo.

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tenore presentium manifestum quod cum dudum prefatus dominus magister de consilio, voluntate et expresso assensu nonnullorum priorum, preceptorum et fratrum domus nostre tunc sibi assistancium1 dederit, concesserit et donaverit per suas patentes litteras eius bulla plumbea inpendenti roboratas2 circumspecto et provido viro magistro Fulconi de Vinholo phisico civi Ianue et suis heredibus imperpetuum propter eius bona merita et grata servicia in feudum nobile quoddam casale dicte domus vocatum lo Lardo situm in insula nostra Rodi sub castelania de Lindo cum suis iuribus, pertinentiis et appendentiis quibuscunque sub certis tamen formis et conditionibus in dictis litteris cumprehensis,3 quarum litterarum tenor de verbo ad verbum noscitur esse talis: [text in 3] Et predicte donationi et concessioni intervenerint voluntas, beneplacitum et concensus prenominati fratris Giraudi de Pinibus tunc castellani dicte castellanie Lindi, prout contineri vidimus in quodam publico instrumento scripto et signato ut prima facie apparebat per manum Hugolini de Verona publici auctoritate imperiali et curie nostre Rodi notarii. Verum cum per retardationem adventus dicti domini magistri ad has4 partes aliquod servicium sive sensus dicto casali nondum fuerit appositus, idemque magister Fulcho vel eius procurator dictum casale tenuerit et possederit usque nunc ipsumque adhuc tenet et possidet, et propter hoc dictus dominus magister, volens indempnitati nostri ordinis et securitati dicti magistri Fulconis et suorum consulte providere, precepit et comiserit per suas patentes litteras nobis dicto locum suum tenenti et fratri Berengario de Aurosio castellano Filermi impositionem dicti servicii sive sensus per nos consilio fratrum et procerum dicti conventus eiusdem casali faciendum, prout in litteris dicte comisionis plenius continetur, quarum litterarum tenor sequitur sub hiis verbis: [text in 4] Nos itaque prenominatus locumtenens unacum dicto fratre Berengario, habita prius plena informatione valoris dicti casalis habitaque diligenti et matura examinatione et deliberatione super hoc cum fratribus et proceribus dicti conventus, ex auctoritate predicte comissionis nobis facte per dictum dominum magistrum et de ipsorum fratrum et procerum dicti conventus consilio, voluntate et assensu expressis, quod nos iidem fratres serie presentium fatemur esse verum, infrascriptum censum et servicium, prout nobis visum fuit pro domo nostra et dicto magistro Fulcone convenienter expedire, dicto casali imponendum duximus ac eciam statuendum. Unde nos memoratus locum tenens et totus conventus attendentes et considerentes5 multiplicis probitatis merita et ceterarum virtutum dona dicti magistri Fulconis, qui cum uxore et liberis suis ac familia venit in Rodum ubi habitationem et domicilium sibi constituit, ex quo nobis et insule Rodi fructuosus et utilis maxime reputatur, nam de eius industria et magna experientia ac utili, laudabili consilio, patrocinio cotidie 1  Sic. 2 Ms: roboratu. 3 Ms: cumprehensiis. 4 Ms: his. 5  Sic.

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diversimode nos iuvare pensantes, eciam quod ipse magister Fulco occasione presentis donationis facte nobis et domui cum publico instrumento inde hodie recepto per dictum Hugolinum notarium absolutionem, refutationem, liberationem et quictationem generalem ac particularem de ulterius non petendo de omni eo, et quicquid petere possit, nobis et domui ratione eiusdem cessionis seu donationis insolutum eidem magistro Fulconi dudum facte per Vineolum de Vinholo quondam fratrem suum de iuribus, rationibus, casalibus et iurisdictionibus que et quas dictus Vineolus quondam habebat seu habere debebat in dicta Rodi insula et aliis insulis nostris occasione pactorum et conventionum factarum et inhitarum in Cypro inter dominum Fulconem de Vilareto quondam magistrum Hospitalis ex una parte et dictum Vineolum ex altera super acquisitione dicte insule Rodi et aliarum insularum, extantibus inde publicis instrumentis, prescriptam donationem per dictum dominum magistrum prefato magistro Fulconi et suis factam de casali predicto gratam, ratam et acceptam habentes eidem magistro Fulconi tanquam digno et benemerito presenti et recipienti pro se et suis heredibus per imperpetuum dictum casale de Lardo cum terris cultis et incultis, pascuis, fontibus, aquis, molendinis, nemoribus, valibus, montibus et quibuscunque aliis possessionibus, hominibus, servis, villanis, iuribus, rationibus, pertinentiis et appendentiis universis ad ipsum casale pertinentibus quoquomodo donamus, affeudamus, tradimus, laudamus, concedimus et conferimus in feudum nobile per presentes ad habendum, tenendum, utifruendum et pacifice possidendum et quicquid deinceps sibi et suis heredibus perpetuo placuerit faciendum, salvo tamen quod idem magister Fulco et heredes sui non possint dictum casale vendere seu alienare absque nostri seu successorum nostrorum concensu, voluntate et licentia speciali, salvis eciam et nobis retentis in dicto casali et eius pertinentiis mero et mixto imperio et quacunque pena sanguinis per nos et domum nostram, si casus eveniret, ibidem inferenda et deinde exequenda. Pro quoquidem casali ipse magister Fulco, qui sacramentum fidelitatis et homagium nobis et domui nostre in manibus nostris prestitit prout iura volunt, et heredes sui post ipsum teneant et debeant dare et solvere domui nostre censu quolibet anno in festo Nativitatis Beati Iohannis Babtiste quatuor rotulos cere in tortitis et ad defencionem et custodiam dicte insule Rodi servire ad expensas suas de uno homine latino et uno roncino armorum armatis, bonis et sufficientibus infra ipsam insulam et extra in Turquiam vel alibi quo ibit exercitus Hospitalis quando et quotiens opus fuerit et per nos fuerint super hoc requisiti. Nos vero et domus nostra teneamur providere in expensis homini et equo predictis quamdiu servient extra insulam predictam. In quorum omnium testimonium et certitudinem pleniorem bullam nostram conventualem plumbeam presentibus duxerimus appendendum. Ad maiorem vero securitatem et cautelam dicti magistri Fulconis et suorum volumus quod Hugolinus de Verena notarius infrascriptus, qui premissis omnibus unacum infrascriptis testibus presens fuerit, presentibus litteris se subscribat et signum suum apponat in eisdem. Actum et datum Rodi die duodecima mensis Novembris anno Domini mo ccco vicessimo nono indictione tercia decima. 92

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Et ego Hugolinus de Verena publicus auctoritate imperiali et curie Rodi notarius6 in fidem pleniorem et verum testimonium rei geste interfui anno, die, loco et presentibus premissis omnibus, presentibus ibidem magistro Guillermo Corundeli de Narbona iudice maleficiorum curie Rodi, Bonifacio Quarteri Ianue, Vianesio de Panparatis de Bononia notario, Guidono Cacelli et Lanfranco de Placencia habitatoribus Rodi testibus ad hoc vocatis specialiter et rogatis, et de mandato7 dictorum domini locumtenentis et conventus ad requisitumque dicti magistri Fulconis hiis presentibus litteris me8 subscripsi et signum meum consuetum apposui rogatus. [6] Rhodes, 1 December 1336. The Master, given that the casale of Embonas is uninhabited, permits the four brothers Johannes, Nicola, Georgius and Manoli Zenede, and Michalis Mandeos and Ioannis Perpinias, to settle and farm there; for five years they are to be free of angaria, perangaria, testagium and encennium and from the decatia of their animals, but for each of the five years they will owe a mortirum of their produce; thereafter they are to owe a third of their annual produce, the testagium and the encennium or present, and a tax on their bees in the same way as other serfs, and to perform the gayta or watch duty; they are to be free in perpetuity from the angaria and perangaria. [The 1336 text was confirmed by the Master on 1 October 1364 but, given that the parchments of 1336 and 1364 had become illegible, both texts were reissued in May 1515 using the registers of those two years: Malta 404, f. 211–12 (221–222)]. Universis et singulis presentes nostras litteras valituras perpetuo inspecturis frater Elionus de Villanova Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Hierosolymitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos salutem et fidem indubiam presentibus adhibere. Censuit ab evo humane provident[ie] iudicium sub iuris regula homines et familias unitos in unum que compactas fortiores fieri urbes et for[talicias] condi per que fortiores fierent et mutuis suffr[agiis] et consiliis suffulti et hostium vires et iniurias pro[pelli]. Hoc etenim spiritu prophetico cecinit Psalmista dicens fratres habitare in unum bonum existere et iocundum.1 Quapropter considerantes casale nostrum de Lembona depopulatum et inhabitatum fore quodque illud habitare et ad eum sua transferre domicilia Ioannes, Nicola, Georgius et Manoli Zenede fratres et Michalis Mandeos et Iannis Perpinias perpetuo desiderent et affectant, nos autem volentes eos favoribus prosequi gratiosis ut ad habitandum dictum casale animantiores ­reddantur dictis Ioanni, Nicole, Georgio, Manoli Zenede fratribus et Michali Mandeos et Ianny Perpinas eorum et cuilibet eorum heredibus et successoribus tenore presentium licentiam et potestatem concedimus habitandi casale memoratum ac laborandi et colendi terras illius sub pactis et condictionibus

6 Ms: notarium. 7 Ms: mandatato. 8  Sic. 1  Psalm 133.

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infrascriptis, videlicet quod homines supradicti per spacium quinque annorum computandorum a data presentium ina[n]tea a prestatione angarie [et] perangarie personarum suarum, testagio et encennio seu presente liberi sint et franchi. Item quod anno quolibet dictorum quinque annorum omnium fructuum teneantur dicte domui nostre mortirum2 solvere et suorum averiorum decatiam,3 et finito quinquennio supradicto premissi et nominati homines eorumque heredes et successores4 tenentur et debent ex pacto expresso omnium fructuum suorum nostre domui tertium anno quolibet exhibere prestareque, et dare testagium suarum personarum et encennium sive presentem et de apibus illud ius quod nostre domui solvunt et exhibent alii servi nostre insule Rhodi. Item tenentur et debent facere gaytam a qua eos nolumus excusari. Item debent esse perpetuo a prestatione angarie et perangarie liberi et immunes. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rhodo sub signo nostro die prima Decembris anno incarnationis Domini millesimo trecentesimo tricesimo sexto. [7] Rhodes, 6 September 1338. The Master and Convent, seeing that the Hospital has lands it cannot easily cultivate, grant in perpetual emphyteusis at 120 aspers a year to Domenico de Leone and Manoli Cosma, habitatores of Rhodes, and their heirs, 80 modiates of land, 25 cultivated and the rest uncultivated, in the contrata of Cape Saint Martin bordered to the east by Ser Petrus de Jacob, and rising to and bordering the land of Bartolomeo de Petra Rossa and continuing up the hill aquis pendentibus as far as the place called Vathiuriana, descending westwards from stream to stream as far as the place where there are dogs and then descending to the sea. In the same contrata in the place called Yclimaquides and Yacladopi they grant 30 modiates, of which 15 are cultivated, bordered by the said stream and then proceeding to the south by the hills aquis pendentibus to where there is a stone with a cross, and turning northwards and descending to the hill on which watch is kept (in qua fiunt scubie sive gayte), and going ad lentisclos, and descending by the crest of the hill and passing beneath the aera or high place of the place where the serfs of Salakos perform their angaria and below the spring, the aera and spring being outside the boundaries, and thence directly to a place with carobs, then to a stream, then northwards to the sea, then to the church of Saint Martin, then to the sea and then to the place where the description begins. [Malta 16 no. 28, original on parchment, with holes for seal but no seal: ed. Luttrell (1978), III 773–4, with variations and errors]. Noverint universi et singuli quod nos frater Elionus de Villanova Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos et nos conventus domus eiusdem attendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram 2 Ms: mortinum? 3 Ms: deratiam? 4 Ms: successorum.

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habiliter excoli non possunt, que, si sub certo censu annuo in e­ mphiteosim perpetuam donarentur, esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte.1 Eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus conditionem domus nostre facere meliorem Dominico de Leone et Manoli Cosma habitatoribus Rodi modiatas terre octuaginta, quarum viginti quinque sunt culte, relique vero hereme et inculte, sitas in dicta insula nostra Rodi in contrata seu territorio capitis Sancti Martini,2 confrontatas a levante cum Ser Petro de Iacob, et ascendit et confinat cum Bartholomeo de Petra Rossa, et ascendit montaneam aquis pendentibus, et vadit usque ad locum vocatum Vathiurianam,3 et descendit versus ponentem flumen flumen4 usque in locum ubi sunt canes,5 et descendit usque ad mare; item in contrata predicta in loco dicto Yclimaquides et Yacladopi modiatas terre triginta, quarum quindecim sunt culte, alie quindecim hereme et inculte, confrontatas incipiendo a dicto flumine, et vadit versus meridiem per montaneas aquis pendentibus ubi positus est lapis signo crucis signatus, et revolvitur versus transmontanam, et venit descendendo usque ad montaneam in qua fiunt scubie6 sive gayte,7 et ferit ad lentisclos,8 et descendit per crestam montanee, et vadit subtus aeram angarie servorum9 del Salaco et subtus fontem et reinam,10 dicta aera et fons extra dictos confines, et deinde vadit recte ad quandam11 carroblerium, et ferit recte usque ad flumen, et deinde vadit versus transmontaneam usque ad mare, et vadit usque ecclesiam Sancti Martini, et deinde vadit ad mare, et ferit ubi incepimus dictos confines, eorumque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam auctoritate presentium concedimus et donamus sub canone seu annuo censu centum viginti asperorum per eos et eorum heredes et successores nobis et nostre domui in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet solvendorum. Dantes et concedentes harum serie vobis et vestris heredibus et successoribus licentiam, auctoritatem et potestatem faciendi inantea de dictis terris quicquid vobis et eis placuerit, perpetuo faciendum dicto canone sive censu asperorum centum viginti ac laudimio, iure prelationis et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui semper salvis et specialiter reservatis. Mandantes insuper presentium tenore universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris quacunque auctoritate,

 1 Ms: supradicti.   2 Below Salakos on the sea shore [207], possibly the modern Agios Minas which had a ruined circular tower and ‘medieval’ buildings: Guerin, 275–6.  3 Or Vathiuriaram.  4 Sic; cf. [68].  5 Or conceivably caves, guards.  6 Scubie: excubie, castle guard, watch.  7 gaita: watch, guard duty.  8 lentisclus: shrub of the mastic family.   9 The meaning of aeram angarie servorum is not clear; this angaria may have been the watch duty. 10  reina: perhaps riago or riale (brook). 11  Sic.

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dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, ne contra presentis nostre littere continentiam et tenorem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra comunis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi sub signo nostri magistri die sexto Septembris anno Incarnationis Domini mo ccco tricesimo octavo. [8] Rhodes, 2 April 1339. Fr. Déodat de Gozon, the Grand Commander, grants Niquita Commeno and his heirs three modiates of land including a vineyard at Politi in the contrata of the casale of Kattavia in perpetual emphyteusis at 13 aspers a year; the grant is conditional on the assent of the Master and Convent. [Copy in a confirmation made with the Convent’s assent by Fr. Déodat de Gozon on 2 May 1347 in Malta 317, f. 235 (247): ed. Luttrell (1992), V 277]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono sancte domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani humilis magnus preceptor conventus Rodi dilecto nostro Niquite Commeno salutem in Domino. Interna meditacione pensantes grata acceptaque servicia per te nobis et nostre domui impensa dignum arbitramur et consonum racioni ut te prosequamur favoribus graciosis. Igitur modiatas terre tres, in eis inclusa quadam vinea, sitas seu positas in insula Rodi in contrata casalis nostri Cathavie in loco vocato Politi cum suis confinibus et pertinentiis tibi tuisque heredibus in emphyteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium concedimus et donamus sub canone seu annuo censu asperorum tresdecim per te tuosque heredes et successores nobis et nostre domui in festo Marie mensis Septembris anno quolibet solvendorum, laudimio, iure prelationis et maiori dominio dicte nostre domui semper salvis, et cum hoc dicti nostri magistri et conventus super concessione huiusmodi semper beneplacito reservato. In cuius rey testimonium presentes literas sigillo nostro fecimus sigillari. Data Rodi die secundo Aprilis anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo ccco trecesimo nono. [9] Rhodes, 1 May 1347. The Master and Convent grant the chaplain Fr. Bertrand Hilaire a vineyard at the place called Sanctus Johannes de Limona in the contrata of Abouratorii in the Castellany of Rhodes and a iardinum in the territorium of Ayos Pandiris in the same castellany. The vineyard, once belonging to the late Fr. Bérenger d’Auros Prior of Barletta, is bounded to the east by the public road, to the north by the garden once belonging to Caussembr[en], to the west by the vineyard of Georgius Corderii and to the south by the vineyard of Georgius Cathalani. The iardinum, once held by the late Fr. Robertus de Brinonia, Castellan of Rhodes and Bailiff of the Curia and of Commerce, is bounded to the east by the iardinum of papas Sagondi, to the south by the iardinum of Michali Danili, to the west by the iardinum of papas Meligalo, and to the north by the public road. The late Master Fr. Hélion de Villeneuve allotted the vineyard and iardinum to support two chaplaincies in the chapel of Saint Mary which he built in the [Conventual] church of Saint John in Rhodes but, since the incomes are not sufficient for two chaplaincies, they are to be used to support a single perpetual chaplaincy. [Malta 317, f. 225–226 (237–238)]. 96

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Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Bertrando Illarii domus nostre capellano salutem etc. Attendentes quod vinea que fuit condam fratris Berengarii de Aurosio prioris Baroli sita in castellania Rodi in contrata de Abouratorii in loco vocato Sanctus Iohannes de Limona, confrontata a levante cum via publica, a tramontana cum iardino quod fuit de Caussembr[en], ab occidente cum vinea Georgii Corderii, a meridie cum vinea Georgii Cathalani, et iardinum quod fuit condam fratris Roberti de Brinonia castellani et bailivi curie et comercii Rodi situm in dicta castellania in territorio vocato Ayos Pandiris, confrontatum ab oriente cum iardino pape Sagondi, a meridie cum iardino Michali Danili, ab occidente cum iardino pape Meligalo, a tramuntana cum via publica, per dictorum condam prioris, castellani et bailivi obitum ad disposicionem et ordinationem bone memorie fratris Elyoni de Villanova predecessoris dicti nostri magistri devoluta et devolutum, et per ipsum predecessorem nostrum dicta vinea et i­ardinum ­fuisse pro duabus capellaniis in capellania Sancte Marie Sancti Iohannis Colocensis quam hedifficari fecit et construi dum ageret in humanis,1 deputata et deputatum capellanis duobus ibidem divina celebrare debentibus in ipsius anime salutare remedium comode sufficere nequeunt, quodque erit comodius ut ex dictis vinea et iardino una capellania ordinetur et statuatur continuo perpetuo duratura quam, si in ea divinum mercedatur obsequium contra piam institutionem predecessoris nostri dicti magistri memorati, idcirco invicem deliberato consilio et tractatu dictam vineam et iardinum premisse capelle de certa sciencia tenore presencium perpetuo dedicantes vobis, de cuius vite mundicia et moribus testimonium accepimus comendandum, in dicta capella capellanum harum serie usque ad nostrum beneplacitum ordinantes vineam ipsam et iardinum prefatum vobis auctoritate presencium quamdiu dicte capellanie servicium exercebitis donamus et concedimus in hunc modum, videlicet quod teneamini dicte capelle servire et per vos vel alium capellanum in illa die qualibet celebrare vel celebrari facere missam unam in dicti predecessoris nostri iamdicti magistri remissione pecaminum et anime remedium salutare. Item quod in capella ipsa teneatis lampadem unam cum oleo ardentem continuo die ac nocte et ultra eam illuminare debeatis de duabus candellis cere unius unque2 qualibet in diebus videlicet duplicibus festivitatum et de una candella cere unius unque in diebus feriatis. Item quod teneamini sequi servicium eiusdem ecclesie Sancti Iohannis sicud ceteri fratres capellani ad ipsius servicium deputati et esse ad obedienciam prioris conventus nostri Rodi presentis et successive futurorum. Item volumus quod si in predictis deffeceretis aut fueritis tepidus seu remissus, magnus preceptor et prior conventus Rodi presentes et futuri possint et valeant vos destituere abinde et alium capellanum, qui predicta omnia et singula exequatur diligenter, vos subrogare; qui magnus preceptor et prior decetero in dicta capella instituendi, ordinandi ac 1 The chapel of Saint Mary: Luttrell (2003), 182–3. 2 The Italian occhia or Latin onquia, a weight: Borchardt – Luttrell – Schöffler, p. xxxix.

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destituendi, si opporteat, capellanum, quociens expediet, forma et condictionibus supradictis per presentes perpetuo plenam habeant potestatem. Item quod vosve vestri successores a thesauro conventus nostri Rodi non habeatis nec habeant tantummodo nisi victum fratribus aliis solitum exiberi. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die prima Maii anno septimo. [10] Rhodes, 20 May 1347.The Master and Convent, seeing that the Order has certain lands and ‘monasteries’ on Rhodes which bring little or no profit, grant in perpetual emphyteusis at 60 aspers a year to papas Janni Macrigeni, protos of Apolakkia, and to his heirs and successors a monasterium in the contrata of Apolakkia together with a iardinum surrounding it on all sides, with seven beehives and an oil mill; he is to keep the monastery’s 20 goats and owe an annual decimum of them. [Malta 317, f. 235 (247)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem, attendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas et monasteria in insula nostra Rodi de quibus nullum seu quasi assequitur comodum vel profectum, quodque esset magis utille nobis et nostre domui supradicte si sub certo annuo censu in emphyteosim perpetuam donarentur, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condictionem domus nostre facere meliorem pape Ianni Macrigeni proto Polaquie eiusque heredibus et successoribus monasterium unum situm et positum in contrata Polaquie cum uno iardino ab omni parte dicto monasterio contiguo, et septem abeyleriis, et uno molendino in quo fit oleum sub annuo canone sive sensu asperorum sexsaginta per eum dictosque eius heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septembris nobis et nostre domui anno quolibet solvendorum in emphyteosim perpetuam tenore presencium de certa nostra sciencia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate de dictis monasterio, iardino, abeyleriis et molendino ordinandi et disponendi decetero pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelationis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Ceterum viginti animalia caprina de statu dicti monasterii vobis sub hoc pacto data et concessa per nos quod ea teneamini vos et successores vestros tenere perpetuo in ipso monasterio et nobis de eis dare decimum annuatim teneamini perpetuo in ipso tenere monasterio ac nobis de ipsis dare decimum anno quolibet ut prefertur. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus presentibus et futuris sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donationem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Maii anno septimo. [11] Rhodes, 14 June 1347. The Master, in view of the universal shortage of victuals, has prohibited the inhabitants of the city of Rhodes who are trading outside the island from carrying grain to any place except Rhodes town; he instructs Fr. Bertrand de Cantesio, Commander of Kos, that the inhabitants of Kos are not to take grain to any place except Kos. [Malta 317, f. 222 (234)]. 98

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Frater Deodatus etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Bertrando de Cantesio domus eiusdem preceptori Lengoni[s] salutem etc. Ad qualem et quantum casum perdicionis plerumque et g(ran)dis periculis necessitatem interdum plurima loca et provincie ex necessariorum deffectu devenerint, satis diffuse rememorant antiquarum volumina scripturarum et, plus quam expediret, sumus experti hic in Rodo non longe preteritis hiis diebus. Per universos igitur Rodum declinantes et nobis destinatas undique litteras informati quod ubique terrarum generaliter victualium maxima viget caristia, malicia, sicud credimus, hominum promerente, ex passo discrimine volentes futuro periculo providere, consulta deliberatione prehabita et matura cum baylivis et proceribus conventus nostri Rodi, universis et singulis burgensibus et habitatoribus civitatis nostre Rodi extra ipsius litora navigantibus sub pena personarum et rerum omnium duximus presentialiter districtius inhibendum ne bladum, cuiuscunque fuerit speciei, ad alia loca quam ad dictam civitatem defferant donec ipsa et tota insula Rodi bladis omnibus indeficienti copia sit munita. Volentes omnes1 nostras terras et insulas ubertate consimili affluere vobis tenore presentium sub virtute sancte obediencie districte precipimus et mandamus quatenus universis et singulis habitatoribus nostre insule Lengonensis extra illam navigantibus sub pena prescripta personarum et rerum pro[h]ibeatis expresse ne presumant vel audeant ad loca alia quam ad dictam insulam Lengonensem quomodolibet blada ferre donec cunctis bladis habunde ipsa insula sit suffulta. Ad quod vos tanto decet et convenit prebere animum plus intentum et adhibere solicitudinem studiosam quanto, quod absit, ex contrario graviori redargutioni subiaceatis2 et pene. Data Rodi die quartadecima mensis Iunii anno septimo.3 [12] Rhodes, 18 June [1347]. The Master instructs the Commander of Kos that neither he nor any inhabitant of Kos should export grain from Kos except to Rhodes. [Malta 317, f. 222 (234), following [11] supra]. Frater Deodatus etc. preceptori Lengonensi salutem etc. ut in prescripta inmediate usque1 volentes itaque provisionem nostram salubrem huiusmodi per omnes universaliter nostre obedientie submissos tenaciter observare, vobis tenore presentium sub virtute sancte obedientie districte precipimus et mandamus quatenus [nec] vos nec quisquam alius habitator Lengoni aut extraneus ab ipsa Lengoni insula blada aliqua extrahatis seu extrahant alibi quam ad nostram Rodi insulam defferenda, donec cunctis fuerit bladis habunde suffulta. Et insuper universis et singulis habitatoribus nostre insule Lengonensis sub pena personarum et rerum prescripta id prohibeatis expresse. Data Rodi die decima octava mensis Iunii. 1 Ms: vac- above the line. 2 Ms: subiacentis. 3  Ms: adds -cat above the line, probably intending that the text from omnes nostras terras evidently meant to prohibit exports except to Rhodes rather to Kos, as corrected in [12 infra] be cancelled. 1  usque repeated.

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[13] Rhodes, 26 July 1347. The Master and Convent, seeing that certain lands on Rhodes cannot easily be farmed, grant in perpetual emphyteusis at 80 aspers a year to Georgius de Crato, serviens of the castle of Filerimos, and to his heirs and successors, a iardinum on the castle’s lands, with some trees and six modiates of land, bordered to the east by lands of the Hospital, to the north by the ruins of the castrum and aquis pendentibus, to the west by a road and to the south by lands of the Hospital as far as Mistago. [Malta 317, f. 235v (247v)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem, attendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excolli non possunt et si sub certo annuo sensu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condicionem domus nostre facere meliorem Georgio de Crato servienti castri Filermi eiusque heredibus et successoribus iardinum unum situm et positum in pertinenciis dicti castri cum aliquibus arboribus et modiatis terre sex cuius confines sunt hec: ab oriente terre Hospitalis, a tramuntana dirupum castri Filermi1 aquis pendentibus, ab occidente via, a meridie terre Hospitalis usque ad Mistago,2 sub annuo canone sive sensu asperorum octuaginta per eum dictosque eius heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septembris nobis et dicte nostre domui anno quolibet infalibiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate de dictis iardino et terris faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelationis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continentiam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra comunis plumbea presentibus est appenssa. Data Rodi die vicesima sexta Iulii anno septimo. [14] Rhodes, 26 July 1347. The Master and Convent, seeing that certain lands on Rhodes cannot easily be farmed, grant in perpetual emphyteusis at 40 aspers a year to Raphael de Aurenga, serviens of the castle of Filerimos, and to his heirs and successors, a iardinum in the ‘sides’ of the castle with some trees and six modiates of land, bordered to the east by Guillermus Martini serviens of the castle, to the north by a ruin and land of the Hospital as far as Monopiguado, to the west by land of the Hospital as far as a tower of the castle, and to the south by a wall of the castle. [Malta 317, f. 235v –236 (247v –248)].

1 The iardinum was possibly to the south-west of the ruins of the pre-1306 castle: Spiteri, 132–3: supra, p. 30. 2  Mistago: probably a place-name.

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Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem, attendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excolli non possunt et si sub certo annuo sensu et in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condictionem domus nostre facere meliorem Raphaelli de Aurenga servienti castri Filermi eiusque heredibus et successoribus iardinum situm et positum in costis Filermi cum aliquibus arboribus et modiatis terre sex, cuius confines sunt hec: ab oriente confinat cum Gulliermo Martini serviente dicti castri, a tramontana est dirupus et terre Hospitalis et vadit viam1 usque ad Monopiguado,2 ab occidente terre Ospitalis et asscendit recte usque ad quandam turrem dicti castri, a meridie murus dicti castri,3 sub annuo canone sive sensu asperorum quadraginta per eum dictosque eius eredes et sucessores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septembris nobis et dicte nostre domui anno quolibet infalibiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate de dicti[s] iardino et terris faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelationis et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant inviolabiliter perpetuo observare. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima sexta mensis Iulii anno septimo. [15] Rhodes, 26 July 1347. The Master and Convent, seeing that certain lands on Rhodes cannot easily be farmed, grant in perpetual emphyteusis at 105 aspers a year to Michael Culichi, protos of Archangelos, and to Georgios Philipi, his son-in-law, and their heirs, a iardinum at Sanctus Theodorus in the casale of Archangelos, with some trees, two springs and seven modiates of land, closed and walled on all sides; it is bordered to east and west by lands of the Hospital and to south and north by hills. [Malta 317, f. 236 (248)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem, attendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excolli non possunt et si sub certo annuo sensu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre

1 Ms: viam viam. 2  Monopiguado: single well or spring. 3 How this property was situated on the ‘sides’ or maybe slope of the castle (presumably the large akropolis), with a ruin to its north, a tower of the castle to its west and a wall of the castle to its south is not clear; the iardinum may have been somewhere in the west of the large akropolis, as shown in Spiteri, 132.

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domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condictionem domus nostre facere meliorem Michaelli Culichi proto de Arcangello et Georgio Philipi eius genero et heredibus et successoribus eorum iardinum unum situm et positum in contrata seu pertinentiis cazalis Arcangelli in loco vocato Sanctus Theodorus1 cum aliquibus arboribus et duabus fontibus ac modiatis terre septem cuius confines sunt hec: ab omnibus partibus est clausa et murata circumcirca, ab oriente et occidente terre Ospitalis, a meridie et a tramontana montanee, sub annuo canone sive sensu asperorum centum et quinque per eos dictosque eorum heredes et sucessores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septembris nobis et dicte nostre domui anno quolibet infalibiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate de dictis iardino et terris faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant inviolabiliter perpetuo observare. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima sexta mensis Iulii anno septimo. [16] Rhodes, 1 August 1347. The Master and Convent, seeing that certain lands on Rhodes cannot easily be farmed, grant in perpetual emphyteusis to Georgius Cosina and his heirs a platea of 15 modiates at Agia Marina in the contrata or territorium of Salakos, of which seven are cultivated and eight uncultivated, with some wild vines, bordered to the east by the vineyard of Caviano Castrofilaca, to the north by the iardinum of the Hospital called O Venetos, to the south by the land of the Hospital and of papas Sitaras, and to the west by land of the Hospital in a place called Tu Monomacu and by a public way; excepted are some olives. Within two years Georgius is to plant vines on the land; for the wild vines he will owe 65 aspers for five years plus a fifth of all he will plant; thereafter he will owe a fifth of all wine and of other products and fruits. [Malta 16 no. 12, original parchment, badly damaged, with holes for seal: ed. Luttrell (1992), V 278. This text was registered in Malta 317, f. 236–236v (248–248v), where it was abbreviated and contracted with varying capitals and punctuation, omitting a few words but not drastically reduced in length; the hand of the parchment was apparently the same as that in the register].

1 The place named Sanctus Theodorus may not be the same site as the church of Saint Theodore of Tiro and Saint Theodore Stratelates two kilometres south-west of Archangelos, founded only later in 1372: Christoforaki (1992), 126–31; idem (2000), 458–9; Hattersley-Smith (1994), 84–6; Sigala (2004), 202–4, fig. 9. An inscription dates the erection and decoration of the church there to 1372, but possibly an earlier church existed there in 1347.

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Frater Deodatus de Gosono Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos et nos conventus domus eiusdem, attendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excoli non possunt et si sub certo annuo censu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus conditionem domus nostre facere meliorem Georgio Cosina1 eiusque heredibus et successoribus quandam plateam sitam et positam in contrata seu territorio de Salaco in loco vocato Agia Marina modiatarum quindecim, quarum septem sunt cultivate et octo modiate incultivate, cum aliquibus vitibus silvaticis, cuius tales sunt confines hec: ab oriente vinea Caviano Castrofilaca, a trasmontana iardinum Hospitalis vocatum Ovenetos,2 a meridie terre Hospitalis et papas Sitaras, et ab occidente terre Hospitalis in loco vocato Tumonomacu et via publica, cum omnibus iuribus et pertinenciis suis, exceptis tamen quibusdam olivariis que sunt in dicta pecia terre, in emphiteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus sub hoc pacto et conditione quod dictus Georgius hinc ad duos annos proximos teneatur plantare vineam dictam peciam terre, ac etiam quod pro apalto dictarum vitium ­silvaticum3 teneatur dictus Georgius dare nobis et nostre domui per annos quinque continuos et completos anno quolibet in festo Nativitatis Sancte Marie mensis Septembris asperos sexaginta et quintum de omnibus rebus que4 [plantaverit] vel seminaverit in dicta platea,5 et elapsis dictis quinque annis teneatur solvere dictus Georgius tantum quintum de vino et omnibus aliis rebus et fructibus que fient in platea supradicta, ita quod ipse Georgius et heredes et successores deinceps de dicta pecia terre agere, facere, disponere et ordinare possint pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelationis et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram concessionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra comunis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die prima mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo trecentesimo quadragesimo septimo.6 [in fold of recto] Georgio Cosina in Salaco in loco dicto Agia Marina mod[iate] xv. [on fold of dorso] Cor[rec]ta

R[egistra]ta

1  Malta 317: Cossina. 2  Possibly ‘the Venetian’ or ‘the blue’. 3  Sic. 4  Malta 317 omits que. 5 Ms: plantea. 6  Malta 317 concludes Augusti anno septimo.

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[17] [Rhodes], 4 September [1347]. The Master and Convent grant at 12 aspers a year to Georgius Saliba, serviens of the castle of Feraklos, and his heirs, two modiates of land at Occa in the contrata of Feraklos; the land is bordered to the west and east by lands of the Hospital, to the north by a river and to the south by a spring. [Malta 317, f. 236v (248v)]. Die quarta mensis Septembris data fuit Georgio Saliba servienti castri de Ferraclo eiusque heredibus et successoribus pecia una terre modiatarum duarum sita et posita in loco vocato Occa in contrata de Ferraclo, confrontata ab occidente cum terris Hospitalis, a transmuntana cum flumine, a levante cum terris Hospitalis et a meridie cum fontana, sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum duodecim in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septembris etc. Sub bulla domini magistri et conventus. [18] [Rhodes, 4 September 1347]. [The Master and Convent] grant papas Nichola Pangalo of the casale of Zinodotu and his heirs at 100 aspers a year both a water mill in the casale of Kalathos, bordered to the east by the iardinum of Johannes Bartolini, to the north by the road to the said casale, and to the west and south by Johannes Coti, and also one modiate of land in the casale of Kalathos, bordered to the east by the river and by the spring called Psitu, to the north by a stream and to the south and west by land of the Hospital. [Malta 317, f. 237 (249)]. Dicta die datum fuit pape Nichola Pangalo de casali Zinodotu eiusque heredibus et successoribus molendinum unum ad aquam dirivatum in casali de Calato1 cuius confines sunt hec: ab oriente confinat cum iardino Iohannis Bartholini, a transmuntana via que vadit usque dictum casale, ab occidente et meridie cum Iohanne Coti, necnon et modiata terre una sita et posita in dicto casali de Calato cuius confines sunt hec: ab oriente confinat cum flumine et fontanea que vocatur Psitu,2 a transmuntana riaqui,3 et ab aliis partibus cum terra Hospitalis, sub annuo canone asperorum centum in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris solvendorum. [19] Rhodes, 8 October 1347. The Master grants Ser Petrus de Jacob, burgensis and habitator of Rhodes town, at 40 florins of Florence a year, the casale of Myrtonas, bounded to the east by the hills of the Hospital aquis pendentibus, to the north by Ser Petrus’ land in the casale of Neocorio, and its boundaries begin in a certain xeroriaco or dry stream and descend to the conduit of the mill of Myrtonas, and to the south by lands of the Hospital; he is also granted five modiates of land said to contain olives, bordered on one side by lands of Ser Petrus, on another side by the river, and on the other two sides by lands of the Hospital. He is further granted 60 modiates in the contrata of Salakos,

1  Presumably not Kalathos north-west of Lindos [82] but Kalathies north of Afandou in the Castellany of Rhodes: cf. Sarnowsky (2001), 642–3. 2  Psinthos was not a spring, but a place on or near the sources of various rivers and nine kilometres south-west of Kalathies. Psinthos was described as Psito in 1475: ibid, 642–3. 3 Ms: riaqui repeated.

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bordered to the east by the river and following the river to the south as far as a place called Tatriodia and then as far as a large meadow, to the north by the river, and to the west by the hills of the Hospital aquis pendentibus, and continuing to a strictum or narrow valley, then to a hill and then directly to the horse stables at Salakos; if the Hospital takes back these properties it will compensate the grantee for all improvements. [Malta 317, f. 228v –229 (240v –241)]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono etc. provido et sapienti viri Ser Petro de Iacob burgensi et habitatori civitatis nostre Rodi fideli et dilecto nostro salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem.1 Fidelia et accepta servicia per vos nobis et nostre religioni prestita et que prestitis acceptiora prestare continuo non cessatis, ad impartiendum vobis favoris graciam ex[c]itant mentem nostram. Igitur casale nostrum et domus nostre Mutona vulgariter appellatum situm in insula nostra Rodi, confrontatum ab oriente cum montaneis Hospitalis aquis pendentibus, a tramuntana cum dicto Ser Petro Iacob in casali vocato Neocorio,2 et incipit in quodam xeroriaco, et descendit usque flumen quod descendit de Salaco, ab occidente cum dicto flumine et ascendit usque ad conductum molendini de Mutona, a meridie cum terris Hospitalis, pariter cum pecia una terre modiatarum quinque sita3 in dicta insula in qua oliverea esse dicuntur, confrontata ab una parte cum dicto Ser Petro de Iacob, ab alia parte cum flumine, et a duabus aliis partibus cum terris Hospitalis, ac eciam cum sexaginta modiatis terre sitis in dicta insula nostra Rodi in contrata de Salaco cumfrontatis a levante cum flumine, et vadit flumen versus meridiem usque ad quendam locum vocatum Tatriodia4 usque ad magnum pratum, a tramuntana cum flumine, ab occidente cum muntaneis Hospitalis aquis pendentibus, et vadit usque ad strictum, et usque ad quandam muntaneam que respondit recte versus stabulum equorum del Salaco, cum eius et earum iuribus et pertinenciis ac ingressibus et egressibus universis et singulis habendum, tenendum, regendum, [… … … …]dum5 usque ad nostrum beneplacitum, de voluntate, consilio et auctoritate [… fratrum et]6 procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte auctoritate presentium concedimus et donamus sub anuo canone sive censu florenorum auri ponderis et florentini cunei quadraginta nobis anno quolibet in festo Nativitatis Sancti Iohannis Baptiste solvendorum.Volumus tamen quod quando nos vel successores nostri aut dicta domus nostra recuperare et habere voluerimus casale et pecias terre supradictas, omnia melioramenta per vos facta in illis vobis refficere et restituere teneamur ex pacto. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte

1 Ms: caritatis. 2  Modern Kalavarda. 3 Ms: sitam. 4 Possibly ta Triada, three paths. 5  Some four words missing, possibly gubernandum, augmentandum et possidendum. 6  Some three words illegible.

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obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et graciam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant inconcus[s]e et inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die octava [mensis] Octobris anno ­septimo etc. [20] Rhodes, 20 October 1347. Given that the Hospital has lands which c­annot easily be cultivated, the Master and Convent grant Fr. Bartolomeo de Vensseriis, at 25 aspers a year, 25 modiates of land at the place called Oxia in the casale of Canea in the Castellany of Lindos, bordered to the south by Dadima, descending in the direction of Vensinplia to the casale of Capous, reaching the iardinum above the spring of Sancta Ancona, and turning to the south-west from the fig or figs of Caloftati and continuing to the land of Gueramides, to the west joining the road from Rhodes town and going to Sancta Ancona, to the north by the church of Sancta Maria de Funassa, to a wood, and continuing to a large rock, to the east near land of Nichola de Castrofilata and going to Edimavounia.1 [Malta 317, f. 237 (249)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Bartolomeo de Vensseriis domus eiusdem salutem etc. Atendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excoli non possunt et si sub certo annuo censu seu responsione donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condicionem domus nostre facere meliorem vobis fratri Bartolomeo modiatas terre viginti quinque sitas et positas intra castellaniam nostram Lindi in casali de Canea in loco dicto Oxia, confrontatas a meridie cum Dadima, descendendo versus Vensinplia ad casale dictum de Capous, veniendo ad iardinum supra fontem Santi2 Ancone, et revertuntur ex parte garbini ex parte ficus de Caloftati, et venit versus terram de Gueramides, a ponente iunguntur cum itinere venienti de Rodo, et vadunt ad Sanctam Anconam, a trasmuntana cum ecclesia Sancte Marie de Funassa, et est unum nemus in medio, et veniunt ad unam petram grossam, ab oriente prope terram Nichole de Castro Filata, et vadunt ad Edimavounia,3 sub annuo censu sive responsione asperorum viginti quinque per eum4 in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris nobis et dicte nostre domui anno quolibet infallibiliter solvendorum auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia ad vitam vestram invicem comunicato consilio et tractatu de speciali gratia concedimus et donamus. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte ne 1  In margin littera fratris, perhaps meaning that Hospitaller brethren did not pay for the registration of letters. 2  Sic. 3 Or Dedimavounia, twin hills. 4 Ms: enim.

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contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem ac gratiam huiusmodi aliquatenus venire presumant, quinimo illam iuxta eius continentiam et tenore[m] studeant inviolabiliter perpetuo observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est apensa. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Octobris anno septimo. [21] Rhodes, 20 October 1347. The Master and Convent grant in emphyteusis at three bezants a year to Vassili, the Master’s cook and familiaris, and to his heirs, a iardinum held by the late Fr. Ruggiero de Parma at Santi Michaelis de Levadi, with a church within the iardinum, bordered to the south by the land of Niquita Picholo, to the east by that of Maria to Quiriaco, to the north by that of papas Octiriati Evoduquia, and to the west by the public way; Octiriati and his heirs are to share the water from a well on his land with Vassili, as in the time of Fr. Ruggiero. [Malta 317, f. 239v –240 (251v –252)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Vassili coquo et familiari dilecto nostri dicti magistri salutem in Domino. Promerentur grata acceptaque fidelia obsequia per te nobis et nostre domui prestita et que prestare fidelitate solita non desistis ut tibi reddamur ad gratiam liberales. Eapropter iardinum unum situm et positum in castellania nostra Rodi in loco vocato Santi Michaelis de Levadi cum quadam ecclesia intra dictum iardinum situata, quiquidem iardinus fuit condam religiosi in Christo nobis carissimi fratris Rogerii de Parma1 dicte domus, et affrontatur a meridie cum possessione Niquite Picholo, a levante cum possessione Marie to Quiriaco, a transmuntana cum possessione pape Octiriati Evoduquia, et ab occidente cum via publica, cum omnibus iuribus et pertinenciis suis ac introytibus et exitibus ad dictum iardinum actenus consuetis et sibi debentibus rationabiliter pertinere, adinvicem comunicato consilio et tractatu tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam sub annuo canone sive censu bisanciorum trium per te dictosque tuos heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris nobis et nostre domui anno quolibet inffalabiliter2 solvendorum tenore presencium de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dicto iardino pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Ceterum quia in possessione dicti pape Octiriati Evodoquia puteus esse aque dicitur, cuius usus comunis fuisse et esse dicitur iardini condam fratris Rogerii memorati et possessionis pape Octiriati antedicti, idcirco presencium serie declaramus et volumus quod dictus Vassilius eiusque heredes et successores habeant et habere debeant sine prepedio quocunque usum aque dicti putei per dominum condam fratrem Rogerium haberi dum vivent consuetum. De quoquidem usu ipsi Vassilio 1  Admiral of the Order, 1340: Luttrell (2003), 18. 2  Sic.

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suisque heredibus et sucessoribus ad cautelam tenore presencium plenam et validam de certa scientia perpetuam facimus donacionem. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra comunis plumbea presentibus est appenssa. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Octobris anno septimo. [22] Rhodes, 20 October 1347. The Master and Convent grant in perpetual emphyteusis to their interpreter Johannes and his heirs, at one bezant a year, a half modiate of vineyard within the Castellany of Rhodes near the church of Sancta Maria Hyctiriatisa, bordered to the west by the vineyard of Janni the turcopole, to the north by the land of the daughter of Dayotus, to the east by the said church, and to the south by the public way; they are also granted, at three bezants a year, three modiates of vineyard within the same castellany in the territorium of Sulurus, bordered to the west by the public way, to the east by the land of Passerotus, to the south by the land of papas Quiriati and to the north by that of papas Quirmiquiri. [Malta 317, f. 240v –241 (252v –253)]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono etc. et nos conventus etc., attendentes1 quod nos et domus nostra habemus mediam modiatam vinee sitam intra castellaniam nostram Rodi prope ecclesiam Sancte Marie Hyctiriatisa2 confrontatam a ponente cum vinea Ianni tricopoli, a tramuntana cum possessione filie Dayoti, a levante cum ecclesia supradicta, et a meridie cum via publica, necnon et modiatas terre tres vineatas intra dictam castellaniam situatas et in territorio dicto de Sulurus positas, confrontatas a parte ponentis cum via publica, a parte levantis cum possessione Passeroti, a parte meridiey cum possessione pape Quiriati, et a parte transmontane cum possessione pape Quirmiquiri, que si sub certo ann[u]o canone sive censu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset acomodum nostre domui supradicte. Igitur domus nostre conditionem volentes facere meliorem Iohanni interpreti seu iuriamanno nostro et domus nostre suisque heredibus et successoribus mediam modiatam vinee supradictam sub annuo canone sive censu unius bisancii et predictas tres modiatas terre vineatas sub annuo canone sive censu bisanciorum trium dictique Iohannis heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam de nostra certa scientia auctoritate presencium concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, disponendi et ordinandi decetero de dictis media modiata vinee et modiatis terre tribus vineatis ad ipsius Iohannis et successorum suorum ac heredum libitum voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelationis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis.

1 Ms: accedentes. 2  Oikteiriatisa: merciful?

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Dictum autem censum3 annuum quatuor bisanciorum per dictum Iohannem et heredes ac successores eius solvi ordinamus et volumus nobis et dicte nostre domui infallibiliter in festo Sancte Marie Septenbris annuatim. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra comunis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Octobris anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo trecentesimo quadragesimo septimo. [23] [Rhodes], 5 November [1347]. The Master and Convent grant at six aspers a year to Theodoros Chioty and his heirs two modiates of uncultivated land at Malpasso, bordered to the east by a place called Liveri, to the north and west by a public way, and to the south by Antonio de Portovenere; he is to cultivate a vineyard. [Malta 317, f. 237 (249)]. Die quinta mensis Novembris data fuit Theodoro Chioty eiusque heredibus et successoribus platea una modiatarum duarum inculta et herema sita et posita in loco vocato Mallipassi,1 confrontata ab oriente cum quodam loco vocato Liveri, a transmuntana et occidente cum via publica, et a meridie cum Anthonio de Portuveneris, sub annuo censu asperorum sex in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septembris solvendorum anno2 quolibet. Ita tamen quod in ­dictis duabus modiatis terre fovere, plantare et nutrire vineam teneatur etc. Cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi etc. Mandantes etc. Et sub bulla domini magistri et conventus. [24] Rhodes, 7 November 1347. The Master confirms to Fr. Pierre de Corneillan, Grand Commander, the gift made to him, with licence of Master Villeneuve, by soror Margarita de Negroponte of the iardinum called Anargyros, a mill, an old vineyard and a new one next to Saint George de Ycossi, and a charruata of land there, one vineyard having been planted at the joint expense of Fr. Pierre and soror Margarita; the original gift was not written down. [Malta 317, f. 230v –231 (242v –243)]. Frater Deodatus etc. fratri Petro Cornelhani domus eiusdem magno preceptori salutem etc. Propter eminentis1 proceritatis vestre notam vestris desideriis grato concurentes asensu, peticioni vestre continenti quod cum dudum soror Margarita de Nigroponte de licencia bone memorie fratris Elyoni de Villanova

3 Ms: censuum. 1  Malpasso, just south of Rhodes town: Sommi Picenardi, 219; Barsanti (2007), fig. 258b. 2 Ms: annuo. 1 Ms: eminentes.

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pre[de]cessoris nostri de iardino uno dicto iardinum de Energuiros,2 de molendino uno, vinea una nova ac vinea allia sita iuxta Santum Gorgium de Ycossi3 necnon charruata4 una terre ibidem situata, presentibus pluribus [fratribus] et proceribus nostre domus, fecisset vobis donacionem, quamquam de donacione huiusmodi scriptura nulla facta fuerit publica vel privata, donacionem hanc de iardino, molendino, vineis et charruata terre predictis per dictam sororem Margaritam, ut premititur, vobis facta[m] vobis confirmare et de novo ad uberiorem cautelam concedere pariter dignaremur, tam graciose quam favorabiliter anuentes, presertim cum in dicta vestra peticione contenta, sicut pro parte nominate sororis Margarite nobis significatum extitit et ex parte alia per plures fratres proceres domus nostre fuit relatum, continent veritatem et ultra quia, sicut dicta soror Margarita fecit nobis dicere, plura ipsa a vobis habuit quam possessiones valeant supradicte et per plus quod dicta vinea tam per vos quam [per] ipsam ad utriusque comunes expensas fuit plantata,5 donacionem prefatam de iardino, molendino, vineis et charruata terre prelibatis per dictam sororem Margaritam vobis factam placidam, ratam et firmam habentes et gratam de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis asistencium in hac parte, [quod] de dicta donacione nulla scriptura facta fuerit, in aliquo non obstante, vobis de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia auctoritate presencium confirmantes iardinum, vineas et charruatam terre prenotatos de dictorum fratrum et procerum nominati nostri conventus consilio, voluntate et assensu harum serie de certa scientia et speciali gratia ad uberiorem cautelam de novo vobis conferimus, concedimus et donamus. Mandantes presentium serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram confirmacionem et graciosam concessionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenore[m] studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bula nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die septima mensis Novembris anno septimo. [25] Rhodes, 8 November 1347. The Master confirms to Gorgios Cosotopoulos of Rhodes a donation made by Fr. Robertus de Brinonia, Castellan of Rhodes, with the licence of Fr. Déodat de Gozon [the present Master] while Lieutenant of the former Master Fr. Hélion de Villeneuve, at one silver ducat a year, of a piece of land for building a house in the borgo of Rhodes which is next to the gate in the wall of the borgo which leads to the church of Saint George of Cappadocia; it is bordered to the south by that wall, to the east by the land of Antonio son of Ser Nicholai de Leone and on two

2  Anargyros: poor or incorruptible saints, usually Saints Cosmas and Damian. 3  Eikosi: twenty; a contrata in 1351 [49]. 4  A measure of land. 5 Ms: plantato.

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sides by the public way; he also confirms a perpetual donation to Gorgios and his heirs at eight aspers a year made with Magistral licence by Fr. Aymeric de Buganno, Castellan of Rhodes, of two and a half modiates of workable land and a house in the contrata of the church of the Cross in the place called Giropotamos, bordered on one side by the land of Vigianos, on another side by the river, on another side by the land of Boana de Botro and on another side by that of Calebros. [Malta 317, f. 231–231v (243–243v); ed. Luttrell (2003), 244–5]. Frater Deodatus etc. dillecto nobis in Christo Gorgio Cosotopulo de Rodo salutem in Domino. Quia iuste petentibus non est denegandus assensus, porecte tue nobis supplicacioni favorabiliter anuentes donacionem irrevocabilem inter vivos de nostra licencia, dum bone memorie fratris Elyoni de Villanova predecessoris nostri locumtenentis officio fungebamur,1 per condam fratrem Robertum de Brinonia castellanum Rodi dudum2 tibi et tuis per imperpetuum factam de uno pecio terre ad erigendum hospicium et construendum in illo sito in burgo nostro Rodi iuxta3 portam muri burgi ipsius per quam exitur et itur versus ecclesiam Sancti Gorgii Capadoca, confrontato a parte meridiey cum dicto muro, ab oriente cum possesione Anthonii condam ser Nicholai de Leone, et ab duabus partibus cum via publica, sub annuo canone sive censu unius ducatus argenti, necnon et donacionem aliam irrevocabilem inter vivos per religiosum in Christo nobis carissimum fratrem Aymericum de Buganno castellanum nostrum Rodi de nostra potestate et licencia4 per nos sibi datis tibi et tuis per imperpetuum factam de duabus modiatis terre et dimidia laboratoriis nostris et domus nostre prefate sitis in contrata ecclesie Crucis in loco vocato Giropotamos,5 confro[n]tatis ab una parte cum possessione de Vigianos, a parte alia cum flumine, a parte alia cum possessione Boane de Botro, et ab alia parte cum possessione de Calebros, sub pensione sive censu asperorum octo gratas, ratas et firmas habentes eas et earum [quamlibet tibi] et tuis heredibus et successoribus eis modis, censibus, formis et condicionibus quibus per dictum fratrem Robertum condam et nominatum fratrem Aymericum facte fuerint de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis asistencium in hac parte de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia confirmantes de dicto pecio terre et duabus modiatis terre et dimidia tibi et tuis heredibus et successoribus de dictorum fratrum et procerum dicti nostri conventus voluntate [et assensu de nostra certa scientia et]6 speciali gratia sub censibus annuis antedictis de novo ad tui et tuorum uberiorem cautelam auctoritate presencium emph[y]teoticam facimus perpetuam donacionem, iure prelacionis, laudimio et 1 Ms: fungebatur. Fr. Déodat de Gozon was Grand Preceptor from 1335 to 1346: Luttrell (2003), 16. Gozon apparently acted as Villeneuve’s lieutenant; amend ibid., 244. 2  Ibid., 244, suggests, apparently incorrectly, dictioni. 3 Ms: iuxtam. 4 Ms: potestatem et licenciam. 5  Ieropotami, some two kilometres due north of Dimilia. 6  Ms torn: seven words supplied.

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maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram confirmacionem et novam concessionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illas iuxta presentis7 littere continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter o[b]servare. In cuius rey testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die octava mensis Novembris anno septimo. [26] Rhodes, 9 November 1347. The Master and Convent, given that the Hospital has lands it cannot easily cultivate, grant in emphyteusis pro indiviso at 55 aspers a year to Michali Patriquiro and Alexios Bartolomei and their heirs a site for the construction of a watermill with two modiates of lands adjoining it at Agros in the casale of Vati, bordered on all sides by land of the Hospital. [Malta 317, f. 239 (251)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem, actendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excoli non possunt et si sub certo annuo censu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum1 nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condicionem domus nostre facere meliorem Michali Patriquiro et Alexio Bartolomei eorumque heredibus et successoribus quandam plateam pro indiviso ad construendum molendinum unum ad aquam cum duabus modiatis terre eidem platee circumvicinis sitis et positis in casali del Vatyn in loco vocato Agros, confrontatas ab omnibus partibus cum terris dicte nostre domus, sub annuo quanone sive censu asperorum quincaginta quinque per eos dictosque heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet nobis et nostre domui infalabiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dictis platea et terre modiatis duobus pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea comunis presentibus est apensa. Data Rodi die nona mensis Novenbris anno septimo.

7 Ms: presentibus. 1 Ms: accomomodum.

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[27] Rhodes, 9 November 1347. The Master and Convent, given that the Hospital has lands it cannot easily cultivate, grant in emphyteusis at six aspers a year to Manuel Veregichi, serviens of the Master’s curia, and to his heirs, one and a half modiates of land at Otra in the territorium of Villanova, bordered to the east by Benedictus Ribe, to the north by a public way, to the west by Nicolaos Lugnos and to the south by Thoma Cotis. [Malta 317, f. 239v (251v)]. Ffrater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus etc., attendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excoli non possunt et si sub certo annuo censu in effiteosim perpetuam donarentur1 esset adcomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condicionem domus nostre facere meliorem Manueli Veregichi servienti curie nostre Rodi dicti nostri magistri eiusque eredibus et sucessoribus quandam plateam unius modiate et dimidie sitam et positam in territorio2 Villanove in loco vocato Otra, confrontatam ab oriente cum B[e]n[edict]o Ribe, a transmontana cum via publica, ab occidente cum Nicolao Lugnos, et a meridie cum Thoma Cotis, sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum sex de Rodo per eum dictosque eius heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie Septenbris anno quolibet nobis et nostre domui infalibiliter3 solvendorum in efiteosim perpetuam auctoritate4 presencium de certa nostra scientia et de speciali gratia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dicta platea pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes [h] arum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie ffirmiter et districte universis et singulis ffratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate,5 dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, [presentibus] et ffuturis, ne contra presentem nostram concessionem6 et donacionem aliquatinus venire presuma[n]t, quinimo illam iusta eius continentiam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra comunis plumbea7 presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die nona8 mensis Novenbris anno septimo. [28] Rhodes, 15 November 1347. The Master and Convent, given that the Order holds lands it cannot easily cultivate, grant at 55 aspers a year in perpetual emphyteusis to Jorgius de Volero and his heirs 25 modiates of land in the contrata described as

1 Ms: donararentur. 2 Ms: terrotario. 3 Ms: infabiliter. 4 Ms: accuritate. 5 Ms: accuritate. 6 Ms: confessionem. 7 Ms: plulbea. 8 Ms: nonus?

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Sancti Anarguiros, two and a half modiates being vineyard and another modiate being under water; the land is bordered to the east by land of Nicolaos Sarandino and by the hillside, to the south by land of Carceron and the hill called Melessovonos, to the west by land of Anna Domenchonis, and to the north by a marsh or water meadow. [Malta 317, f. 240–240v (252–252v)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus etc., atendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excoli non possunt que si sub certo annuo censu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condicionem1 facere meliorem Iorgio de Volero eiusque heredibus et successoribus modiatas terre vigintiquinque sitas et positas in contrata Sancti Anarguiros,2 confrontatas a levante cum Nicolao Sarandino et costeria montanee, a meridie cum terris de Carceron et montanea vocata Melessovonos,3 a ponente cum Anna Domenchonis, et a trasmuntana cum marayssio, quarum modiatarum vigintiquinque supradictarum terre sunt due et media modiate vinehate, et una alia modiata terre adaquata ad aquam sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum quincaginta quinque per eum dictosque eius heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie Septenbris nobis et nostre domui anno quolibet infalabiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam attoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dictis modiatis terre vigintiquinque pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et gratiam ac donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla comunis plumbea presentibus est apenssa. Data Rodi die quintadecima mensis Novenbris anno septimo. [29] Rhodes, 20 November 1347. The Master and Convent, given that the Hospital has lands it cannot easily cultivate, grant in perpetual emphyteusis at 30 aspers a year to Ricardus de Sancto Mauricio and his heirs 25 modiates at Gadoraespillo in the contrata of Sanctus Elia, bounded to the west by Ranadinus de Parambolino, to the south by the mountain of Sanctus Liancius, to the east by Canquinus Corafi, and to the north by Grivas Mondredena. [Malta 317, f. 238–238v (250–250v)].

1  domus nostre cancelled. 2  Sancti Anargyros, usually Saints Cosmas and Damian, possibly in or near the Castellany of Trianda in 1400 [167]. 3  Mount Mesovouno lies south-east of Archipolis.

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Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem, atendentes quod nos et domus nostra1 habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excoli non pos[s]unt que si sub certo annuo censu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condicionem domus nostre facere meliorem Ricardo de Sancto Mauricio suisque eredibus et successoribus modiatas terre vigintiquinque vocate Gadoraespillo sitas in contrata Sancti Elie,2 confrontatas a ponente cum Ranadino de Parabolino, a meridie cum montanea Sancti Liancii, a levante cum Canquino Corafi, et a transmuntana cum Griva Mondredena, sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum triginta per eum dictosque eius heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet nobis et nostre domui infalabiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate3 faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dictis vigintiquinque modiatis terre pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui supradicte specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est apenssa. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Novenbris anno septimo. [30] Rhodes, 28 November 1347. The Master and Convent grant in perpetual emphyteusis at 10 aspers a year to Duquena daughter of Matito and her heirs a vineyard of three modiates formerly belonging to Gorgios de Salania in the contrata of Asgourou in the Castellany of Rhodes, bordered to the west by the possessions of Petrolifus, to the east by those of Gorgios Marino and Gorgios Alexi, to the south by Angelos o procathomenos and to the north by a river. [Malta 317, f. 237v (249v)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem, attendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus modiatas1 vinee tres que condam fuerunt Iorgii de Salania, sitas et positas in contrata de Sgoro intra castellaniam nostram Rodi, confrontatas a ponente cum posessione Petrolifi, a levante cum possessione Iorgii Marino et Gorgii Alexi, a meridie cum possessione Angeli o procathomenos,2 et a trasmuntana cum fluvio, si sub certo annuo censu in 1 Ms: nostre. 2  Gadoraespillo: donkey cave. The monastery of Saint Ilias (modern Moni Eleussa) lay just north of Kalathies: Sommi Picenardi, 172, 179; Gerola (1914–16), i. 320. Sanctus Liancius nearby was conceivably Saint Ilias. 3 Ms: potestatem. 1 Ms: modiatis. 2  procathomenos: an official.

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emphyteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum3 nostre domui supradicte. Igitur domus nostre condicionem volentes facere4 meliorem Duquene filie de Matito suisque heredibus et successoribus modiatas tres5 vinee supradictas6 sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum decem per ipsam7 dictosque eius heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet nobis et nostre domui infallibiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam de certa nostra sciencia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dictis tres modiatis vinee ad ipsius Duquene et successorum suorum ac heredum libitum voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, qui[n]ymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima8 octava mensis Novenbris anno septimo. [31] Rhodes, 28 November 1347. The Master and Convent grant Fr. Petrus Johanni at 15 florins a year a mill in the contrata of Feraklos with an adjacent vineyard and iardinum; they grant him four modiates with figs and other trees on the same land bordered on all sides by lands of the Hospital at 20 aspers a year; and, at 40 modii of grain a year, another mill called Plaroto with another iardinum, together with a vineyard adjacent to that mill and bordered on all sides by lands of the Hospital. [Malta 317, f. 237v –238 (249v –250)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus etc. fratri Petro Iohanni domus eiusdem salutem etc. Propter probitatis vestre merita volentes in peticionibus vestris vos favorabiliter exaudire molendinum unum situm et positum in contrata de Ferroclano cum vinea et iardino eidem molendino contiguis sub annuo censu sive responssione florenorum quindecim, item in dicta contrata de Ferroclano terram modiatarum quatuor cum ficubus et aliis arboribus que sunt intra dictam terram, confrontatam ab omnibus partibus cum terris dicti Hospitalis sub annuo censu sive responsione asperorum viginti, item in dicta contrata de Ferroclano molendinum unum alium vocatum Plaroto cum quodam iardino alio uno, et vinea alia una eidem molendino contiguis confrontata ab omnibus partibus cum terris dicti Hospitalis sub annuo censu sive responsione frumenti modiorum quadraginta per vos cum omnibus aliis censibus sive responsionibus supradictis in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris nobis et dicte nostre domui anno quolibet 3 Ms: accomodam. 4 Ms: fatere. 5 Ms: teres. 6 Ms: supradictis. 7 Ms: ipsum. 8 Ms: vicesimo.

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infallibiliter solvendi, auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia ad vitam vestram invicem comunicato consilio et tractatu concedimus et donamus. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem ac gratiam huiusmodi aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continentiam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bula nostra plunbea presentibus est apensa. Data Rodi die vicesima octava [Nov]enbris1 anno septimo. [32] Rhodes, 28 November 1347. The Master and Convent, given that the Hospital has lands it cannot easily cultivate, grant in perpetual emphyteusis at 80 aspers a year to Anthonius Audiberti and his heirs 50 modiates of land called lo camp de Laze vogadoro, bordered to the south by a road, to the west by another road and land of the Hospital, and on another side with roads, a ruined wall and lands of the Hospital, and to the north by a campus called lo Vastagno. [Malta 317, f. 238 (250)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem, atendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas intra insulam nostram Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excoli non possunt que si sub certo annuo censu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur ess[e]t accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condicionem domus nostre facere meliorem Anthonio Audiberti eiusque heredibus et successoribus terras dictas vulgariter lo camp de Laze vogadoro1 campo2 modiatarum quinquaginta sitas intra insulam nostram Rodi memoratam, confrontatas a meridie cum quodam itinere, ab alia parte a ponente cum quodam alio itinere et terra alia eiusdem domus Hospitalis, ab alia parte cum viis, vallato destructo et terris dicte domus Hospitalis, et a trasmuntana cum campo vocato vulgariter lo Vastagno,3 sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum octuaginta per eum dictosque eius heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie S[e]ptenbris anno quolibet nobis et nostre domui infalibiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dictis terris pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et

1  -enbris with abbreviation at the beginning, registered between two other documents of 28 November [30, 32]. 1  vogador: oarsman (Italian). 2  Sic. 3  vastagno: waste land.

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donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continentiam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima octava Novenbris anno septimo. [33] Rhodes, 20 December 1347. The Master, given that the Hospital has lands it cannot easily cultivate, grants in perpetual emphyteusis at two aspers a year to Johannes Changari and his heirs three cafizate of land with figs at Selloros, bordered to the east by Janna Caludina, to the south by the same Johannes Changari and to the north by a public way. [Malta 317, f. 238v (250v)]. Frater Deodatus etc., atendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excoli non possunt que si sub certo annuo censu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte,1 eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condicione[m] domus nostre facere meliorem Iohanni Changari eiusque heredibus et successoribus cafi[zi]atas terre tres cum ficubus, que intra dictam terram sunt, sitas et positas in loco vocato Selloros,2 confrontata[s] a levante cum Ianna Caludina, a meridie cum dicto Iohanne Changari, a transmuntana cum via publica, sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum duorum per eum dictosque eius heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet nobis et nostre domui infallibiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam de voluntate, consilio et asensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dicta terra pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima3 Decenbris anno septimo. [34] Rhodes, 20 December 1347. The Master, given that the Hospital has lands it cannot easily cultivate, grants Michali Omorfinos and his heirs in perpetual emphyteusis at eight denarii a year two cafiziate of land with figs in the contrata of Sollorus, bordered to the west by lands of Anthonius, to the east by those of Vayanus, to the north by those of Athanasios and to the south by those of Michali Omorfinos. [Malta 317, f. 238v –239 (250v –251)].

1 Ms: supradicte repeated. 2 Possibly Sullorus in the Castellany of Rhodes [22]. 3 Ms: prima [?] before correction.

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Frater Deodatus etc., atendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus terras aliquas in insula nostra Rodi que per domum nostram habiliter excoli non possunt que si sub certo annuo censu in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes quantum decenter possumus condicionem domus nostre facere1 meliorem Michali Omorfinos eiusque heredibus et successoribus cafi[zi]atas terre duas sitas et positas in contrata2 de Sollorus3 cum fiquibus positis intra dictam terram, confrontatas a ponente cum terra Anthonii, a levante cum terra sive possessione Vayani, a transmuntana cum possessione Athanasi et a meridie cum terra dicti Michaelis Omorfinos,4 sub annuo canone sive censu denariorum octo per eum dictosque eius heredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet nobis et nostre domui infalabiliter solvendorum in emphiteosim perpetuam de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis asistencium in hac parte auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dicta terra pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam5 iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem6 studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius re[i] etc. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Decenbris anno septimo. [35] Rhodes, 23 December 1347. The Master, in view of the great shortage on Rhodes, charges Fr. Alamanus de Molari to order every burgensis and habitator of Rhodes who is away from Rhodes and has grain to take it to Rhodes and nowhere else. [Malta 317, f. 232 (244)]. Frater Deodatus etc. fratri Alamano de Molari domus eiusdem salutem etc. Quia in quanta nos ac civitas nostra Rodi sumus victualium necesitate bladi potissime constituti vobis incognitum non existit et velimus, quantum in vobis est, nobis et nostro populo bladi subsidia procurare, vobis tenore presencium sub virtute sancte obedientie districte precipiendo mandamus quatenus ex parte nostra sub pena personarum et rerum iniungatis et precipiatis omnibus et singulis burgentibus et habitatoribus insule nostre Rodi q[u]os in mari vel in terra inveneretis bladum quodcunque in navigiis aut in terra habentibus ad civitatem

1 Ms: fatere. 2 Ms: contrantata. 3 Possibly Sullorus or Sellorus in the Castellany of Rhodes [22, 33]. 4  O Morfinos? 5 Ms: illa. 6 Ms: tenerem.

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nostram Rodi et nulum locum alium illud portent. Nos autem omnibus et singulis mercatoribus et aliis nostre insule prelibate sub pena personarum et rerum damus hiis presentibus firmiter in mandatis ut vobis in predictis omnibus reverenter obediant tanquam nobis et precepta que eis ea ratione feceritis, sic prompte exequantur pariter et devote ac si nos ipsi ea illis ore proprio fecissimus. Data Rodi die vicesima tertia mensis Decembris anno septimo. [36] Rhodes, 26 December 1347. The Master, at the request of soror Margarita de Negroponte, manumits a number of slaves, including one from Athens, one from Thessaloniki, one from Thebes, a mill keeper and a tavern keeper; they are freed since they have served Margarita for so long. [Malta 317, f. 229v (241v): ed. Luttrell (1982), VI 93, with incorrect date of September]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono et cetera dilecte nobis in Christo sorori Margarite de Nigropont[e] domus eiusdem salutem etc. Illa vobis libenter annuimus que satisfactionem vestri desiderii ac anime vestre consolacionem et salutem pariter concernere dignoscuntur. Igitur manumitendi, liberandi, francosque et liberos faciendi Cali de Squiro, Micali de Athina cum eius tribus liberis, Erini de Saloniqui et Vallaco eius viro, Georgium Mandachi et Mariam eius consortem cum duobus suis liberis, Costam Saoti, Iohanni Maroniti, Costam Cescrant, Micali custodem molendini et eius filium, Nicolaum (Cav)ulla de Stives, Erini Saronissa, Cali tavernaria et Mariam Spanuda, sclavos vestros,1 in anime vestre salutare remedium vobis tenore presentium concedimus et donamus licenciam et plenariam potestatem dicta consideratione moti potissime quia, sicut vestra nobis exhibita supplicacio continuit, vobis tanto serviverant tempore quod dictam manumissionem merito meruerunt. Data Rodi die vicesima sexta mensis Dece[m]bris anno Incarnationis Domini mo ccco quadragesimo septimo. [37] Rhodes, 1 January 1348. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at seven bezants of Rhodes a year to magister Nayme the Syrian and his heirs a iardinum of three modiates with trees already planted and others to be planted, and along with it a spring and a church within the iardinum which is in the casale of Artona in the Castellany of Feraklos and is bordered on all sides by lands of the Hospital; if they construct a mill in the iardinum, they should pay a reasonable rent to the Bailiff of Rhodes or another Hospitaller. [Malta 317, 241v (253v)]. Noverint universi et singuli quod nos frater Deodatus etc., attendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus in insula nostra Rodi iardinum unum modiatarum1 terre trium situm in casali de Artona castellanie Feraclovi cum terris domus nostre ab omnibus partibus confrontatum quod si sub certo anuo censu in 1  Margarita had country properties including a taberna [24, 39, 42] and it is doubtful whether so many household slaves would have been needed in the town, although she possessed a mill in the borgo: Luttrell (2003), 241–2. 1 Ms: mediatarum.

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emphiteosim perpetuam donaretur esset accomodum2 nostre domui supradicte. Igitur domus nostre condicionem volentes facere meliorem iardinum predictum3 modiatarum terre trium cum arboribus iam plantatis in eo inposterumque plantandis in ipso unacum fonte aque et ecclesia in dicto iardino existentibus, magistro Nayme suriano eiusque heredibus et successoribus sub annuo canone sive censu bisanciorum septem de Rodo in festo Assumpcionis Sante Marie Virginis Gloriose nobis et nostre domui infallibiliter exolvendo annuatim in emphiteosim perpetua[m] tenore presencium de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate et licencia disponendi et ordinandi decetero de dicto iardino prout dicto magistro Nayme eiusque heredibus et successoribus placuerit, annuo censu prefato ac laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Ceterum si dictum magistrum Nayme aut ipsius heredes et successores contingat forsitan4 molendinum construere et facere in iardino prefato retinemus ac volumus et presencium serie ordinamus quod [per] baylivum dicte insule aut alium domus nostre fratrem cui pertinebit dicto molendino racionabilis census annuus imponatur. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sante obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel oficio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et donacionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius continenciam et tenore[m] studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die prima mensis Ianuarii anno septimo. [38] [Rhodes], 8 January [1348]. The Master grants Libity de Zipro, serviens of Lindos castle, and his heirs at three aspers a year a gardinus of three cafizate situated in the borgo of the castle, bordered to the east by the possessions of Leone Salapi, to the north and east by the possessions of Guillermus Clareti, and to the south by a public way. [Malta 317, f. 240 (252): ed. Luttrell (1992), VII 325]. Die viiia mensis Ianuarii fuit datus gardinus unus trium cafizatarum Libity de Zipro servienti castri de Lindo citus et positus in burgo castri predicti de Linde, confrontatus a levante cum possesione Leonis Salapi, et a trasmuntana et levante cum possesione Guillermi Clareti et a parte austri cum via publica, sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum trium per eum dictosque suos heredes solvendorum in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet etc. in forma ut in aliis.

2 Ms: accomodam. 3 Ms: predictam. 4 Ms: forsitam.

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[39] Rhodes, 4 March 1348. The Master and Convent grant for 10 years to Fr. Raymond de Lescure the casale of Kalamonas in the Castellany of Feraklos once belonging to the late soror Margarita of Negroponte and given by her to Fr. Raymond, along with slaves, animals and other possessions; the casale is bordered to the east by the casale of Afandou, to the south by the possessions of Johannes Aspermeni, to the west by Abscito, and to the north by the possessions of Adda Aurioli; Fr. Raymond is also granted Archangelos, apparently also given by Margarita to Fr. Raymond, annual responsions of 36 aspers, as paid by soror Margarita, being due for Kalamonas and Archangelos. [Malta 317, f. 241–241v (253–253v)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Raymundo de Escura domus eiusdem salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Propter probitatis vestre merita vestris supplicacionibus tam graciose quam favorabiliter annuentes casale dictum de Calamona situm et positum intra castellaniam nostram Feracloni quod fuit sororis nostre condam Margarite de Nigropunte, confrontatum a parte levantis cum terris et pertinenciis casalis de Fando, a parte meridiei cum possessionibus Iohannis Aspermeni, a parte ponentis cum Abscito,1 et a parte transmontane cum possessionibus Adde Aurioli, cum omnibus et singulis suis iuribus et pertinenciis ad ipsum spectantibus et spectare debentibus quoquomodo et cum iardinis, vineis, terris cultis et incultis, molendinis, pascuis, aquis, nemoribus intra suprascriptos confines contentis, necnon et cum sclavis sexus utriusque, averibus grosis et minutis, equabus, asinis, vladis, vinis ac utensilibus, ac aliis quibuscunque in casali existentibus memorato per dictam condam sororem nostram Margaritam vobis concessum dum viveret, de licencia nostri dicti magistri prout certitudinaliter nobis constat, habendum, tenendum, regendum, gubernandum et explectandum et meliorandum ad annos decem a die date presencium computandos unacum Arcangeli et eius iuribus et pertinenciis vobis tanquam digno et benemerito auctoritate presencium de nostra [certa] sciencia et speciali gracia conferimus, concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive responsione asperorum xxxvi solito et solita per dictam condam sororem Margaritam exolvi, solvendo per vos annis singulis in festo Sante Marie mensis Septenbris, disponendi insuper pro vestre voluntatis libito de rebus mobilibus supradictis casalis prelibati plena vobis et libera facultate concessa. Quocirca religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri … domus eiusdem baylivo insule Rodi nostre sub virtute sante obediencie et districte precipimus et mandamus ut vos in possessionem pacificam et quietam dicti casalis cum Arcangeli et aliorum omnium predictorum inducat et conservet inductum omni penitus obiectione cessante. Necnon universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, 1  Kalamonas (modern Epano Kalamonas) in the Castellany of Feraklos is 13 kilometres north-west of Afandou; yet its casale bordered that of Afandou. Kalamonas is 23 kilometres north-west of Feraklos. Abscito or Absito was roughly east of the casale of Kalamonas: cf. [60]. Apsito was in the Castellany of Feraklos [73]. Abscito, Absito or Apsito might conceivably be Psinthos.

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gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra presentem nostram graciam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant inviolabiliter observare, damus firmiter sub predicta virtute sante obediencie in mandatis. In cuius etc. Data Rodi die quarta mensis Marcii anno septimo. [40] Rhodes, 20 March 1348. The Master empowers frater Athanasios de Saloniqui to make a will and bequeath his possessions as he wishes, except for 10 florins he has promised to the church of Saint George of Cappadocia situated outside the walls of the borgo of Rhodes. [Malta 317, f. 234 (246): ed. Luttrell (2003), 245–6]. Frater Deodatus etc. religioso et honesto viro fratri Athanasio de Saloniqui1 salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Prestita per vos nobis et nostre religioni grata et accepta servicia racionabiliter nos inducunt ut vestris peticionibus favorabiliter annuamus. Igitur ut de bonis vestris quibuslibet, qualiacunque sint et in quibuscunque consistant, testari possitis et de ipsis absque contradictione cuiusquam pro vestre voluntatis libito ordinare, preterquam de florenis decem quos ecclesie Santi Georgii Capadocii site extra muros burgi civitatis nostre Rodi dare et relinquere voluntate spontanea promisistis, quosquidem decem florenos per vos relinqui dicte ecclesie Santi Georgii iuxta dictam nostram ordinacionem volumus et de bonis vestris dari, vobis tenore presencium de certa sciencia et speciali gratia de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis asistencium in hac parte plena et libera potestate concessa2 concedimus. Mandamus harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiusvis status, gradus aut condicionis existant, ne contra presentem nostram gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant tenaciter observare. In cuius rei testimonium presentes nostras litteras vobis inde fieri iussimus sigilli nostri impressione munitas. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Marcii anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo trecentesimo quadragesimo septimo. [41] Rhodes, 20 March 1348. The Master and Convent confirm the sale in perpetuity by papas Costa Meligalo of five cafizate of land to Constancius de Sugis, converting the servile service owed to the Hospital to a census of two aspers a year and reserving the laudimium, ius prelationis and maior dominium; the land is bordered to the east and north by the possessions of Constancius and of his brother-in-law, to the south by Manuel Philipi, and to the west by a public way. [Malta 317, f. 241 (253)]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem dilecto nobis in Christo Constancio de Sugis salutem in Domino. Supplicacioni tue continenti ut peciam unam terre servam caficiatarum quinque que fuit pape Coste

1  Presumably a monk since he was a both religiosus and frater and required a licence to make a will. 2 Ms: concessa repeated.

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Meligalo ab ipso per te emptam, confrontatam ab oriente et transmontana cum possessionibus tui dicti Constancii et sororio seu cognato tuo, a meridie cum possesione Manuelis Philipi et ab occidente cum via publica, servitutem dicte pecie terre ad certum censum annuum tibi reducere de speciali gratia dignaremur, favorabiliter inclinati, vendicionem et empcionem dicte pecie terre aprobantes ac placidam habentes et gratam, eamque tibi et tuis heredibus et successoribus perpetuo tenore presencium confirmantes, servitutem dicte pecie terre ad annuum sensum asperorum duorum per te tuosque heredes et successores nobis et nostre domui annis singulis in festo Beate Marie mensis Septenbris annis singulis solvendorum auctoritate presencium reducimus de nostra certa sciencia et gracia speciali, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condictionis extiterint, sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram1 confirmacionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant inviolabiliter perpetuo observare. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Marcii anno septimo. [42] Rhodes, 10 August 1350. The Master licenses Fr. Bartolomeo Benini, Prior of Rome and Pisa, to sell to whom he wishes a walled vineyard with a windmill and houses including a taberna called Soror Margarita in the contrata of Diopassadas, bordered to the east by the road from Rhodes town to Afandou which runs between the vineyard and the mill and the houses, and on other sides by lands of the Hospital; Fr. Bartolomeo purchased the vineyard with his own money. [Copied in [44] infra]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono Dei gratia etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Bartholomeo Benini domus eiusdem priori Vrbis et Pissarum salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Vestrorum intuitu comendabilium meritorum vestras graciose peticiones exaudire volentes, quod vineam vestram clausam circumcirca de parietibus cum quodam molendino venti et hospiciis quibusdam in quibus fit taberna vocata Sororis Margarite, cum omnibus suis iuribus et pertinenciis universis quam habetis in contrata de Diopassadas,1 confrontatam a levante cum quadam carreria publica que est inter dictam vineam et molendinum ac hospicia predicta per quam itur de Rodo ad Alfando, et ab aliis partibus cum terris Hospitalis, per vos pridem de vestra propria peccunia emptam dare, vendere, permutare seu alias transportare quibuscunque personis volueritis et eo modo et forma quibus vobis placuerit possitis et valeatis tenore presencium vobis licenciam concedimus et donamus. Data Rodi die decima mensis Augusti anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo trecentesimo quinquagesimo. 1 Ms: gratiam erroneously added. 1  Diopassadas, meaning two passes, was near the road to Asgourou and presumably therefore near the town [125]; it was a contrata in 1351 [53] and it was a iardinum in 1439, while in 1453 it was in the contrata of Koskinou: Tsirpanlis (1995), 376–7, 684–5.

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[43] [Rhodes], 15 August 1350. Fr. Bartolomeo Benini, Prior of Rome and Pisa, acting with the Master’s licence, gives Fr. Raymond de Lescure, Commander of La Selve, a walled vineyard and other properties (as described in [42]) in return for the accustomed payment. [Copied in [44] infra]. In Christi nomine amen. Anno eiusdem Incarnacionis millesimo trecentesimo quinquagesimo et die quintadecima mensis Augusti. Noverint universi et singuli presentes pariter et futuri quod, in presencia mei notarii publici et testium infrascriptorum ad hec vocatorum specialiter et rogatorum, venerabilis et religiosus vir dominus frater Bartholomeus Benini sacre domus Hospitalis Santi Iohannis Ierosolimitani honorabilis prior Vrbis et Pissarum, de licencia et voluntate reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini domini fratris Deodati de Gosono Dei gratia sacre domus predicte magistri dignissimi per ipsius patentes litteras in papiro scriptas non viciatas, non abrasas, non abolitas nec in aliqua sui parte suspectas, in dorso earum cera nigra eius vera et nota bulla bullatas ei datas quarum tenor inferius est insertus, dedit, donavit et penitus et perpetuo dereliquit donacione pura, simplici et irrevocabili que dicitur inter vivos venerabili et religioso viro domino fratri Raymundo de Scura sacre domus predicte preceptori de Silva presenti, stipulanti et recipienti pro se et suis et ad omnes eius voluntates inde plenarie faciendas, videlicet totam quandam vineam suam clausam circumcirca de parietibus cum quodam molendino venti et hospiciis quibusdam in quibus fit taberna vocata Sororis Margarite, carreria in medio inter vineam et molendinum ac hospicia, sitam in contrata de Diopassadas cum omnibus suis iuribus et pertinenciis universis, confrontatam ab una parte, videlicet a levante cum carreria predicta que est inter vineam et molendinum ac hospicia per quam itur de Rodo ad Alfando, et ab aliis partibus cum terris Hospitalis, sub directo tamen dominio, consilio1 et laudimio sacre domus predicte et usatico consueto annuatim eidem domui exsolvendo in festo Beate Marie mensis Septenbris, de quibus iuribus et actionibus ac vinea, molendino et hospiciis predictis, iuribusque et pertinenciis suis universis idem dominus prior se exsuens2 et denudans, ipsumque dominum fratrem Raymundum investiens eundem in predictis fecit et constituit verum dominum, actorem et procuratorem ut in rem suam propriam et per eundem dominum priorem eidem legitime donatam, asserens et conficens idem dominus prior se donationem presentem eidem domino fratri Raymundo de predictis facere propter grata, diversa et utilia servicia per dictum dominum fratrem Raymundum eidem domino priori facta et inpensa, et que facere non desistit incessanter, et in remuneracionem eorundem et ad omnem bonum et sanum intellectum ipsius domini fratris Raymundi pariter et cautelam, et prout melius et utilius dici, intelligi et dictari poterit ab aliquo sapiente, ad ipsius domini fratris Raymundi securitatem et comodum. Tenor vero litterarum licencie, de quibus superius facta est mencio, sequitur sub hiis verbis: [42 supra]

1  Sic; the confirmation [44] spoke instead of the ius prelationis. 2  se exsuens: divesting himself.

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[44] Rhodes, 25 August [1350]. The Master and Convent confirm to Fr. Raymond de Lescure, Commander of La Selve, his purchase of a walled vineyard and other properties as in [42–43]. [Malta 318, f. 203–204 (211–212)]. Frater Deodatus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Raymundo de Scura domus eiusdem preceptori de Silva salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Propter1 eminentis proceritatis vestre notam vestris desideriis grato concurrentes affectu supplicacioni vestre nobis exhibite continenti ut donationem puram que dicitur inter vivos de quadam vinea clausa circumcirca de parietibus cum quodam molendino venti et hospiciis quibusdam in quibus fit taberna vocata Sororis Margarite, carreria in medio inter vineam et molendinum ac hospicia, cum omnibus suis iuribus et pertinenciis universis sita in contrata de Diopassadas, confrontata a levante cum carreria predicta per quam itur de Rodo ad Alfando et ab aliis partibus cum terris Hospitalis, per religiosum in Christo nobis carissimum fratrem Bartholomeum Benini domus eiusdem priorem Vrbis et Pissarum de nostri dicti magistri licencia vobis factam, ratam, gratam et firmam habentes eandem ratifficare et confirmare ac eciam de novo ad cautelam predictam vineam cum molendino et hospiciis predictis de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia vobis concedere dignaremur, tam graciose quam favorabiliter annuentes donacionem prefatam de vinea cum molendino et hospiciis predictis cum suis iuribus et pertinenciis universis per dictum priorem vobis factam, quam in quodam publico instrumento plenius vidimus contineri, cuius instrumenti tenor inferius est insertus, placidam, firmam habentes et gratam, eandem invicem deliberato consilio de nostra2 certa sciencia et speciali gracia laudamus, aprobamus, ratificamus et eciam confirmamus ac de novo ad uberiorem cautelam predictam vineam cum molendino et hospiciis predictis cum suis iuribus et pertinenciis universis vobis conferimus, concedimus et donamus sub illo annuo canone sive censu per dictum priorem domui nostre de predictis dari et solvi consueto per vos eidem nostre domui annis singulis exsolvendo in festo Beate Marie mensis Septenbris, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus aut condicionis extiterint, sub virtute sancte obediencie nichilominus firmiter iniungentes ne contra presentem nostram confirmacionem, concessionem et gratiam aliquathenus venire presumant, quinymo eas et earum quamlibet studeant inviolabiliter observare. Tenor vero instrumenti predicti, de quo superius facta est mencio, sequitur sub hac forma: [43 supra] Tenor vero litterarum licencie, de quibus superius facta est mencio, sequitur sub hiis verbis: [42 supra]

1 Ms: Propter repeated. 2 Ms: de nostra repeated.

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Acta fuerunt hec in Rodo presentibus testibus religiosis et honestis viris fratribus Gaufrido Rostagni [et] Georgio Simonis sacre domus predicte et Guillermo Vernhas clerico de Salvaterra testibus ad premissa vocatis specialiter et rogatis, et me Iohanne de Furno publico imperiali auctoritate notario, qui requisitus et rogatus predicta in notam recipi et hoc publicum instrumentum scripsi et signo meo consueto signavi in testimonium premissorum. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die vicesima quinta mensis Augusti. [45] Rhodes, 1 May [1351]. The Master grants Peyrolus de Negroponte for life the tricopleria of Dyaskoros at the accustomed wage paid to other holders of a tricopleria, being eight bezants of Rhodes and three modia of wheat and five of barley a month. [Malta 318, f. 202 (210)]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono Dei gracia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos dilecto nobis in Christo Peyroli de Nigroponte salutem in Domino. Propter grata, fidelia et accepta servicia per te nobis et religioni nostre fideliter et actente prestita et impensa et que impendere non desistis incessanter, volentes te favore nostro prossequi graciose, tricopleriam de Dyascoros1 insule nostre Rodi per te habendam, tenendam, regendam et pos[s]idendam de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia ad vitam tuam tibi damus, dum tamen bene fideliter te gesseris et habueris in eadem, ad vadiam videlicet aliis tricopleriis dari consueta[m], scilicet bizancios de Rodo octo, modia frumenti tria, modia ordei quinque mense quolibet quamdiu vixeris tibi exsolvendi. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus aut condicionis extiterint, sub virtute sancte obediencie districte precepimus et mandamus ne contra presentem nostram gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illa[m] iuxta eius continenciam et tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die prima mensis Madii. [46] Rhodes, 20 September 1351. The Master, acting with the Convent, grants Anna de Chemeno and her heirs in perpetual emphyteusis at 10 aspers of Rhodes a year vines of two and a half modiates which she held without just title in the contrata of Megalaco; the vines are bordered by the vines of Fr. Raymundus de Sancto Martino, by the vineyard of Capsiquina de Cardami and on two other sides by public ways. [Malta 318, f. 221v (229v)]. Frater Deodatus etc. dilecte nobis in Christo Anne de Chemeno salutem in Domino. Supplicationi tue continenti ut cum vineam quandam modiatas duas

1  Dyaskoros or ‘two villages’ was a casale in 1374; it lay west of the river called Potamos, east of Fanes, north of Salakos and south of the sea, presumably near Soroni and Fanes [99, 207].

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et dimidia continentem sitam in contrata de Megalaco,1 confrontatam ab una parte cum vineis fratris Raymundi de Sancto Martino, et ab alia parte cum vinea Capsiquine de Cardami et ab aliis duabus partibus cum viis publicis, in nostrum et domus nostre preiudicium sine aliquo iusto titulo possedistis et possides de presenti, hac noxa tibi indulta benigniter tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus dictam vineam in emphiteosim perpetuam sub certo censu annuo dignaremur concedere, annuentes, volentes tecum uti pocius in hac parte misericordia quam rigore, noxa predicta tibi indulta misericorditer dictam vineam tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia cum libera potestate et plena licencia ipsam vineam dandi, donandi, vendendi seu alias de ipsa disponendi pro tuo tuorumque heredum et successorum libito voluntatis concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive sensu asperorum decem de Rodo nobis et nostre domui in festo Sante Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet exolvendo, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et eidem nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Quocirca etc. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Septenbris anno primo. [47] Rhodes, 25 September 1351. The Master grants Guillermus Vernhas, cleric of his chapel and his domestic familiaris, and his heirs in perpetual emphyteusis at two aspers a year the vineyard with the adjacent church of Saint Onofrius, which once belonged to the late Petrus Archbishop of Ephesus; the vineyard was bordered on two sides by public roads, and on another by the vineyard of Sancta Maria la Piatosa and by the land of Mabromatus. [Malta 318, f. 205 (213)]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Guillermo Vernhas capelle nostre clerico ac familiari nostro domestico salutem in Domino. Promerentur grata acceptaque fidelia obsequia per te nobis et domui nostre prestita et inpenssa et que prestare fidelitate solita non desistis ut tibi reddamur ad gratiam liberalem. Igitur vineam unam cum quadam ecclesia eidem contigua Sanctus Eonoffrius1 nominata que condam fuit reverendi patris domini fratris Petri ordinis fratrum minorum condam archiepiscopi Emphsini,2 confrontata a duabus partibus cum viis publicis, et ab alia parte cum vinea Sancte Marie

1 Possibly Megaliqui in the territorium of Mangavli [205]; in 1428 a vineyard at Megaliqui in the Castellany of Trianda was in confinibus Sancti Zacharie and bounded by a river; in 1456 the vineyard of Megaligny was in the Castellany of Kremasti: Malta 348, f. 161–161v (163–163v); 366, f. 176 (183). 1  A church of Saint Onofrius was built before 1390 by Nicholaus Belloch extra suburbia terre nostre Rodi in contracta de Helemonitra (i.e. la Piatosa) [137]. Saint Onofrius outside the walls was demolished in 1480: supra, 59. 2  Following Petrus’ death Gugielmus, an Augustinian, was named Archbishop of Ephesus on 16 June 1349: Fedalto, 120.

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Lapiatosa, et ab alia parte cum possessione Mabromati, et si qui si[n]t alii confines, cum omnibus suis iuribus et pertinentiis et infra se sitis et positis, de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam sub annuo canone sive sensu asperorum duorum per te dictosque tuos eredes et successores in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris nobis et dicte nostre domui anno quolibet infallebiliter exsolvendo tenore presencium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus cum libera potestate faciendi, ordinandi et disponendi decetero de dicta vinea cum ecclesia pro libito voluntatis, alieno preiudicio semper salvo, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie etc. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima quinta mensis Septenbris anno primo. [48] Rhodes, 1 October 1351. The Master grants Fr. Egidius Raymundi for his lifetime at four aspers a year four modiates of vineyard in the contrata of Tsambika, bordered to the west by the road from Aptidi to Archangelos, to the south by the vineyard of Michali Francolini, to the east by the vineyard of Georgios Amprearequi and to the north by the casale of Tsambika. [Malta 318, f. 206 (214)]. Frater Deodatus etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Egidio Raymundi domus eiusdem salutem etc. In quibus decenter possumus vestrorum gratia meritorum graciose prossequi, nos volentes vineam unam sitam in contrata Chambica1 quatuor modiatas terre continentem, confrontatam a ponente cum via que vadis de Aptidi2 ad Archangel[um], et a meridie cum vinea Michali Francolini, a levante cum vinea Georgii Amp(re)arequi et a transmontanea cum cazali de Chambica, ad donacionem et disposicionem nostram rationabiliter pertinentem vobis tanquam digno et benemerito de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia ad vitam vestram conferimus, concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive sensu asperorum quatuor per vos nobis et nostre domui in festo Beate Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet solvendorum. Mandantes etc. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die prima mensis Octobris anno primo. [49] Rhodes, 1 October 1351. The Master grants to the brothers Manolus and Leonus Manglaviti, and to Maria Mangafadena and to their heirs in perpetual emphyteusis at 12 aspers a year three modiates of vines in the contrata of Sanctus Georgius Ycossi which they have hitherto held without just title; this land is bordered to the west, north and south by the brothers’ lands and to the east by a river. [Malta 318, f. 222–222v (230–230v)].

1 Tsambika, north-east of Archangelos. 2  Conceivably Psinthos.

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Frater Deodatus de Gosono Dei gracia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos dilectis nobis in Christo Manoli Manglaviti et Leono Manglaviti fratribus et Marie Mangafadena salutem in Domino. Supplicationi vestre continenti ut cum peciam quandam vinee tres modiatas1 terre continentem, sitam in contrada Sancti Georgii Ycossi, confrontata[m] a ponente, transmontanea et meridie cum prenominatis fratribus, de levante cum fluvio, in nostrum et domus nostre preiudicium sine aliquo iusto titulo possedistis et possidetis de presenti, hac noxa vobis indulta benigniter vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus dictam vineam in emphiteosim perpetuam sub certo censu annuo dignaremur concedere annuentes, volentes vobiscum uti pocius in hac parte misericordia quam rigore noxa predicta vobis indulta misericorditer dictam peciam vinee vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia cum libera potestate et plena licencia dictam vineam dandi, donandi, vendendi seu alias de ipsa disponendi pro vestro vestrorumque heredum et successorum libito voluntatis concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum de Rodo duodecim nobis et dicte nostre domui in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet exsolvendo, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et eidem domui nostre specialiter reservatis. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis extiterint, sub virtute sancte obediencie districte precipiendo mandamus quatenus contra predictas nostras indulgenciam, concessionem et donacionem nullatenus venire presumant, quinymo eas studeant perpetuo inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die prima mensis Octobris anno Incarnationis Domini mo ccco quinquagesimo primo. [50] Rhodes, 1 October 1351. The Master grants Manolus, Marinus and Leonus Manglaviti, brothers, and their heirs in perpetual emphyteusis at 10 gold florins a year 50 modiates of land with vines and with cultivatable and waste land in the contrata of Asgourou, land they held without just title; the land is bordered to the west by land of Cartofilaca, to the north by the public way, to the south by land of the heirs of Guillermus Vernhas, and to the east by that of Michali lo Cuce and Nicola Desgiras. [Malta 318, f. 222v (230v)]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono Dei gracia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos dilectis nobis in Christo Manoli Manglaviti, Marino Manglaviti et Leono Manglaviti fratribus salutem in Domino. Supplicationi vestre continenti ut cum petiam quandam

1 Ms: medietates.

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terre, vineam, terram laborativam et heremam continentem quinquaginta modiatas terre, sita[m] in contrada de Sgorro, confrontatam a ponente cum Cartofilaca, a transmontanea cum via publica, a meridie cum heredibus Guillermi Lalvernhas,1 a levante cum Michali lo Cuce et Nicola Desgiras, in nostrum et domus nostre preiudicium sine aliquo iusto titulo possedistis et possidetis de presenti, hac noxa vobis indulta benigniter vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus dictam terre peciam, vineam, terram laborativam et heremam in emphiteosim2 perpetuam sub certo censu annuo dignaremur concedere annuentes, volentes vobiscum uti potius in hac parte misericordia quam rigore, noxa predicta vobis indulta misericorditer dictam peciam terre vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim3 perpetuam de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia cum libera potestate et plena licencia dictam peciam terre dandi, donandi, vendendi seu alias de ipsa disponendi pro vestro vestrorumque heredum et successorum libito voluntatis concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive censu florenorum auri decem nobis et nostre domui in festo Sante Marie ­mensis Septembris anno quolibet exsolvendo, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et eidem nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, sub virtute sancte obediencie districte precipiendo mandamus quatenus contra predictas nostras4 indulgenciam, concessionem et donacionem nullatenus venire presumant, quinymo eas studeant perpetuo inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die prima mensis Octobris anno Incarnationis Domini mo ccco quinquagesimo primo. [51] Rhodes, 12 October 1351. The Master grants Guillermus lo Clerc, inhabitant of Lindos, and his heirs in perpetual emphyteusis at two bezants of Rhodes a year two modiates of land which he holds without just title in the burgum beneath Lindos castle, Fr. Rostagnus de Serveria Bailiff of Rhodes having previously sequestrated the two modiates; the Master also remits monies owing from the time of their occupation; Guillermus legitimately holds another four modiates in the same place. [Malta 318, f. 222 (230)]. Frater Deodatus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Guillermo lo Clerc habitatori de Linde salutem in Domino. Suplicationi tue facte nobis noviter continenti quod cum in burgo subtus castrum de Linde modiatas terre quatuor iusto titulo teneas et possideas, et ultra has modiatas terre quatuor teneas et tenueris diucius occupatas sine aliquo iusto titulo modiatas terre duas sitas in loco predicto, cumque religiosus in Christo nobis carissimus frater Rostangnus de Serveria baylivus

1  Sic; in [47] as Guillermus Vernhas. 2 Ms: emphiteosum. 3 Ms: empiteosum. 4 Ms: nostram.

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insule Rodi dictas duas modiatas terre ad manus nostras de mandato nostro iuris ordinem observato sequest[r]avit ratione pretacta, hac noxa tua tibi indulta benignius et iuris rigore condimento misericordie temperato, fructus per te habitos et receptos de dictis modiatis terre duabus de tempore occupacionis earum tibi remitere ex misericordia1 et de speciali gracia illos tibi concedere et donare dignaremur, necnon easdem modiatas terre duas tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus ad certum censum annuum in emphytheosim perpetuam concedere eciam dignaremur, favorabiliter annuentes tuis compassi necessitatibus et in remuneracionem2 et satisfacionem fidelium et acceptorum serviciorum per te nobis et nostre domui fluxis3 temporibus prompta sollicitudine prestitorum de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte fructus dictarum modiatarum terre duarum de toto tempore occupacionis earum de nostra certa scientia et speciali gracia tibi remittimus et ad habundanciorem cautelam de eis tibi facimus puram, validam et irrevocabilem donacionem, et insuper nominatas modiatas terre duas tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive sensu bizanciorum duorum de Rodo in festo Beate Marie mensis Septenbris nobis et nostre domui anno quolibet solvendorum, iure prelacionis, laudimio et maiori dominio nobis et eidem nostre domui insuper specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie etc. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die duodecima mensis Octobris anno primo. [52] Rhodes, 20 October [1351]. The Master quits Fr. Raymond de Lescure, Commander of La Selve and seneschal of the Master’s household, for 200 gold florins from the incomes from the servatagium and other dues for the present year which he has received in the Castellany of Rhodes. [Malta 318, f. 211v (219v)]. Noverint universi et singuli presentes visuri ac eciam audituri quod nos frater Deodatus etc. tenore presentis recognicionis fatemur et in verbo veritatis publice recognoscimus quod religiosus in Christo nobis carissimus frater Raymundus de Scura domus eiusdem preceptor Silve ac nostri hospicii senescallus nobis solvit et tradidit florenos auri ducentos, quos nobis pro responsione servatagiorum1 et aliorum que tenet in castellania nostra Rodi nobis dare et solvere tenebatur pro anno presenti subscripto. De quibus ducentis florenis per nos ut premititur habitis et receptis contenti plenarie dictum fratrem Raymundum et eius bona et arnesia liberamus hac serie perpetuo et quitamus. In cuius rei testimonium presentem recognicionem eidem fratri Raymundo fieri fecimus sigilli nostri quo utimur impressione munitam. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Octobris. 1 Ms: misericordie. 2 Ms: renumeracionem. 3 Ms: fluxit. 1  servantagium: dues from land worked by serfs.

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[53] Rhodes, 1 November 1351. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at six aspers of Rhodes a year to Petrus de Eldiza and his heirs one and a half modiates of vines in the contrata of Dyapassadas, which he holds without just title; these vines are bordered to the west by land of Leo Manglaviti and to the east by land of the Hospital. [Malta 318, f. 222v –223 (230v –231)]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono Dei gratia etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Petro de Eldiza salutem in Domino. Supplicationi tue continenti ut cum vineam quandam modiatam et mediam terre continentem sitam in contrada de Dyapassadas,1 confrontata[m] a ponente cum terra Leonis Mangladiti, a levante cum terra Hospitalis, in nostrum et domus nostre preiudicium sine aliquo iusto titulo possedisti et possides de presenti, hac noxa tibi indulta benigniter tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus dictam vineam in emphitheosim perpetuam sub certo censu annuo concedere dignaremur favorabiliter annuentes, volentes tecum uti pocius in hac parte misericordia quam rigore, noxa predicta tibi indulta misericorditer dictam peciam vinee tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia cum libera potestate et plena licencia dictam vineam dandi, vendendi, donandi seu alias de ipsa disponendi pro tuo tuorumque heredum et successorum libito voluntatis concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum de Rodo sex nobis et dicte nostre domui in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septenbris anno quolibet exsolvendo, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et eidem nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis extiterint, sub virtute sancte obediencie districte precipiendo mandamus quatenus contra predictas nostras indulgenciam et concessionem et donacionem nullatenus venire presumant, quinymo eas studeant perpetuo inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die prima mensis Novenbris anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo ccco ­quinquagesimo primo. [54] [Rhodes], 16 December [1351]. The Master grants to his interpreter Johannes Roclandi [and his heirs] in perpetual accapitum at six aspers a year a vineyard of one and a half modiates in the contrata of Campanos, bordered to the east by Costa Coquari, to the west by Manoli Paramolino, to the north by Nichola Xomia and to the south by a public way. [Malta 318, f. 223 (231)]. Die xvi Decenbris anno suprascripto concessa fuit in accapitum perpetuum in modum in littera precedenti1 contentum Iohanni Roclandi iuriamanno nostro

1  Cf. [42 n. 1]. 1  The immediately preceding document in the register [57] is a grant in perpetual emphyteusis subject to an annual payment, so the accapitum perpetuum was presumably an annual census or rent.

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et suis [heredibus et successoribus] quandam vineam modia[ta]m et mediam continentem sitam in contrata de Campanos, confrontatam a levante cum Costa Coquari, a ponente cum Manoli Paramolino, a transmontanea cum Nichola Xomia, a meridie cum via publica, sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum de Rodo sex solvendorum in festo Beate Marie mensis Septenbris. [55] Rhodes, 29 December 1351. The Master frees Johanni Apocogano, a slave of the Hospital living in the casale of Apidi; he had been freed by Fr. Rostagnus de Serveria, the late Bailiff of Rhodes, in return for 28 florins; Apocogano paid 24 florins before Fr. Rostagnus died and has since paid the remaining four. [Malta 318, f. 208v (216v)]. Frater Deodatus de Gosono etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Iohanni Apocogano domus nostre sclavo commoranti in cazali nostro de Apidi salutem in Domino. Continuit supplicationis series pro parte tua nobis facta in effectum quod cum religiosus in Christo nobis carissimus frater Rostangnus de Serveria condam balivus insule nostre Rodi olim dum vitam ducebat in humanis tecum concordaverit et promiserit ac disposuerit te liberum et francum facere, nostra interveniente licencia, solvendo per te eidem pro tua redemptione florenos auri viginti octo de quibus eidem fratri Rostangno florenos auri xxiiii exsolvisti, cumque disposicionem ac promissionem eius effectu[m] frustraverit ill[i]us humane sortis eventus, te dignaremur restituere libertati, solvendo per te ­iiiior florenos restantes. Nos vero certifficati fidedignorum relatione contenta in supplicatione pretacta veritatem continere, et quia residuos exsolvisti iiiior florenos, casum mortis nominati condam fratris Rostagni volentes te efficere libertati, te tenore presencium de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte liberum facimus atque francum civem efficimusque Romanum, omnemque tibi servitutis peculium relaxantes. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die xxviiii mensis Decembris anno Incarnacionis Domini mo ccco lio. [56] Rhodes, 12 January 1352. The Master, due to the property’s need of repair, remits the rent of one gross and six denarii of Tours owed by magister Jacobus Guitardi de Garendo, doctor and familiarius of the Master, and by heirs and successors belonging to his family only, for a iardinum with baths and houses in the contrata of Quiparissi, bordered by the hospicium of Mosculus, by the iardinum called Sanacenas, by the iardinum called Granadenas, and by three public ways; Jacobus purchased the ­iardinum, formerly belonging to the late Fr. Dragonet de Joyeuse Prior of Navarre, from Fr. Jacobus Johannis. [Malta 318, f. 209v –210 (217v –218), crossed out with the marginal note non processit]. Frater Deodatus de Gossono etc. dilecto nobis in Christo magistro Iacobo Guitardi de Garendo medico1 et familiari nostro domestico salutem. 1 Ms: modico.

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Supplicationi vestre nobis exibite continenti quod, cum pridem iardinum quoddam cum balneis et domibus situm in contrada de Quipparisi2 quod fuit condam fratris Dragoneti de Gaudiosa prioris Navarre, confrontatum ab una parte cum hospicio Mosculi, et ab alia parte cum iardino Sanacenas,3 et ab alia parte cum iardino Granadenas4 et cum tribus viis publicis, a religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratre Iacobo Iohannis domus eiusdem certo precio emeritis sub annuo canone sive censu unius turonensis grossi argentei et sex denariorum dicte nostre domui per vos vestrosque heredes et successores annuatim certo termino exsolvendo, cumque iardinum ipsum cum balneis et domibus maxima indigent reparatione et melioratione et ex hoc magnas vos oportebit facere expensas, adeo ut utilius et comodius dictum iardinum cum balneis et domibus reparare possitis et meliorare dictam censivam annuam vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus de speciali gratia remittere et relaxare dignaremur, favorabiliter annuentes propter grata, fidelia et accepta servicia per vos nobis et domui nostre inpensa et que prestare non desistitis incessanter, censivam predictam annuam unius turonensis grossi argentei et sex denariorum de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus de vestra tamen parentela existentibus remittimus de speciali gratia et donamus quamdiu videlicet vos et vestri successores de affinitate vestra dictum iardinum cum balneis et domibus tenebitis et possidebitis et non amplius. Mandantes harum serie etc. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die duodecima mensis Ianuarii anno Incarnacionis mo ccco quinquagesimo primo. [57] Rhodes, 20 March [1352]. The Master grants Zeno Calopsiqui a vineyard in the area of Mesta amounting to 10 caffiziate, bordered to the south by the river Deno, and to the east by the vineyard of Picholino; another three caffiziate with fig trees in the same contrata, bordered to the west by a public way and to the north by the house of Spanapallena; three caffiziate in the same contrata, bordered to the east by the vineyard of Petrus Jac[ob]o and to the west by Magnafa Arguiragapo; four caffiziate of vineyard in the same contrata, bordered to the west by Manoli Philippo, to the north by Picholino, and to the east by a public way; 10 caffiziate of vineyard in the same contrata bordered to the east by Stephanos Savati, and to the north by Nichola Zuli and Nichola Castani and by a public way; and 10 caffiziate of vineyard, bordered to the west and north by Dimitrius Sicara, to the east by Manoli Todropolo, and elsewhere by the said Zeno Calopsiqui. These lands, which are terre serve and subject to the Order, are granted to Zeno and his heirs in perpetual emphyteusis at 30 aspers a year, that is six aspers per modiate. [Malta 318, f. 223 (231)]. 2 The contrata of Quiparissi in the Castellany of Rhodes contained the church of Saint Solas and the adjacent monastery of Santa Maura [90]. Santa Maura was demolished in 1480 because it was immediately outside the town walls: Malta 76, f. 62–62v. 3 Or Savacenas. 4 Or Gravadenas.

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Frater Deodatus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Zeno Calopsiqui salutem etc. Propter tua grata, fidelia et accepta obsequia per te nobis et domui nostre prestita et impensa ad gratiam tibi redditi liberales peciam unam vinee cum casali de Mesta,1 caffisiatas x continentem, confrontatam a meridie cum potamo2 Deno et a levante cum vinea de Picholino; item peciam aliam terre in quibus sunt figuerie sitam in dicta contrata iii caff[ic]iatas terre continentem, confrontatam a duabus partibus, videlicet a ponente cum camino pu[bli]co, a transmontanea cum hospicio de Spanapallena; item aliam peciam terre sitam in dicta contrada, confrontatam a levante cum vinea Petri Iac[ob]o et a ponente cum Magnafa Arguiragapo, iii cafficiatas terre continentem; item peciam aliam vinee sitam in dicta contrata iiii cafficiatas terre continentem, confrontatam a ponente cum Manoli Philippo, a transmontanea cum Picholino, a levante cum via publica; item aliam peciam terre vineate sitam in dicta contrata x cafficiatas terre continentem, confrontatam a levante cum Stephano Savati, a transmontanea cum Nichola Zuli et cum Nichola Castani et cum via publica; item peciam aliam vinee x cafficiatas terre continentem, confrontatam a ponente et a transmontanea cum Dimitrio Sicara, a levante cum Manoli Todropolo, et ex alia parte cum dicto Zeno Calopsiqui. Que pecie dicte terre superius confrontate serve sunt domus nostre ac ad manus et disposicionem nostram pertinen(tes), sicut continet tua supplicacio facta nobis, si sit3 ita, cum omnibus et singulis eorum introitibus et exitibus universis tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum de Rodo xxx, videlicet per modiata[m] quamlibet sex asperos, in festo Beate Marie mensis Septenbris nobis et nostre domui per te tuosque heredes et successores anno quolibet infallibiliter exsolvendos, de nostra certa scientia et speciali gracia cum libera potestate [et plena licencia] faciendi et ordinandi de dictis peciis terre cum dicto cazali deinceps perpetuo pro tuo tuorumque heredum et successorum libito voluntatis in emphiteosim perpetuam conferimus, concedimus et donamus, et servitutem earundem ad annuum canonem suprascriptum reducimus de gracia speciali, iure prelacionis, laudimio et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes harum serie etc. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Marcii anno etc. [58] Rhodes, 1 April 1358. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at two aspers a year to Johannes Beg alias Alamaricus de Cypro of the Hospital’s casale of Akoursos [in Cyprus] and to his successors a iardinum of the Hospital in the Castellany of 1  A vineyard ‘with a casale’ seems strange, though the phrase cum dicto cazali is repeated and further references are otherwise to an unnamed contrata; maybe the text should have read peciam unam vinee in contrata de Mesta. However, there was a casale of Mesta in 1468: Malta 384, 9–9v (–). Mesta is a hill near Lelos with the river Phonias (Deno?) to its south; the area is east of Embonas: Sørensen-Pentz, 145. 2 Ms: patamo. 3 Ms: sic.

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Rhodes, bordered to the east by the iardinum of papas Triandaphilo and a road, to the north by the wall of the borgo and to the south and west by public ways. [Malta 316, f. 316 (312)]. Frater Rogerius etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Iohanni Beg alias dicto Alamarico de Cipro casalis nostri de Curso salutem in Domino. Propter grata et accepta servicia per te nobis et nostre domui fideliter diucius prestita tibi volentes1 graciam facere specialem in dictorum serviciorum tuorum remuneracionem iardinum unum nostrum et dicte domus nostre situm et positum intra castellaniam nostram Rodi, confrontantum ab oriente cum iardino pape Triandaphilo et cum via, a trasmontana cum muro burgi nostri Rodi,2 a meridie et occidente cum viis publicis, de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus3 in emphiteosum perpetuam auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali4 gracia conferimus, concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive censu5 asperorum duorum de Rodo nobis et nostre domui in festo Assumpcionis Beate Marie annis singulis exolvendo, laudimioque insuper, iure6 prelacionis7 et maiori dominio [nobis] et eidem nostre domui eciam specialiter reservatis. Dantes et concedentes tibi dictisque tuis heredibus [et] successoribus potestatem et licensiam plenariam8 de dicto iardino deinceps disponendi et ordina[n]di sub censu9 predicto pro tua et eorum et cui[u]sque eorum libera voluntate. Pariterque mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacu[n]que auctoritate, dignitate vel officio10 fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram donacionem et graciam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo eam studeant sub virtute sante obendiencie inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est apensa. Data Rodi die prima Aprilis11 anno lviii. [59] Rhodes, 1 May 1358. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at nine bezants of Rhodes a year to Mitercassus, a falconer, and his heirs a vineyard and nine modiates of land known as Sancta Horini in the Castellany of Trianda and in the contrata of Palamida where there is an oak tree, from which one goes de flumine in fluminem to

 1 Ms: volentis.   2 Since the walls of the borgo were to its north, the iardinum was presumably outside the walls and thus in the Castellany of Rhodes.  3 Ms: suseoribus.  4 Ms: sapalis.  5 Ms: censum.  6 Ms: iurie.  7 Ms: perlacionis.  8 Ms: plenariem.  9 Ms: censum. 10 Ms: offesio. 11 Ms: Anprilis.

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the possession called Sanctus Georgius Appanomeriti, bounded to the north by the lands of Leoninus son of quir Loze, to the south by the land and vineyard of Petrus son of master Liazuch and to the west by lands of the Hospital. [Malta 316, f. 304 (300)]. Frater Rogerius etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Mitercasso1 falconerio salutem in Domino. Attendentes quod si vinea una et terre modiatarum nove[m] cite in castellania de Trianda [in] contrata Palamide2 dicte Sancte Horini ubi est quercus una ex qua itur de flumine in fluminem3 usque ad pocessionem4 Sanctum Georgium Appanomeriti, conf[r]ontate a parte transmontane cum terra Leonini filii quire Loze,5 a meridie cum terra et vinea Petri6 filii magistri Liazuch, et a parte ponentis cum terris nostre domus, in emphyteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum7 nobis et nostre domui supradicte, eapropter volentes domus nostre condicionem facere meliorem pocessionem predictam vinee et terrarum modiatarum novem tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus sub annuo canone sive censu bisanciorum novem de Rodo in emphiteosim perpetuam de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte conferimus tenore presencium ac concedimus et donamus de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia cum licencia et potestate plenaria de pocessione predicta disponendi et ordinandi decetero pro tua dictorumque tuorum heredum [et] successorum predictorum beneplacita voluntate, laudimio, iure prelationis et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui specialiter reservatis, declarantes quod premissum canone[m] sive censum bisanciorum novem in festo Beate Marie mensis Augusti tu tuique heredes et successores teneamini solvere annuatim. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra nostram presentem donationem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo8 illam iuxta eius mentem et seriem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi prima mensis Maii anno Domini m iiic lviii.vo [60] Rhodes, 1 June 1358. The Master grants to Fr. Petrus Raterii for 10 years, at 40 florins of Florence a year, the casale of Kalamonas in the Castellany of Feraklos, bordered to the east by the casale of Afandou, to the south by lands of Johannes Aspermeni, to the west by Absito and to the north by lands of Adda Aurioli; the grant includes Archangelos. [Malta 316, f. 303–303v (299–299v)].

1 Or Micercasso. 2 Or Palanude. 3 Ms: fluminie. 4 Ms: Leonini filii quire Loze, a meridie cum terra et vinea Petri before correction. 5  Loze crossed out. 6  Ms: adding supradicti before correction. 7 Ms: accomodam. 8 Ms: quinyno.

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Frater Rogerius de Pinibus etc. religioso etc. fratri Petro Raterii domus eiusdem salutem etc. Propter probitatis vestre merita vestris supplicacionibus tam graciose quam1 favorabiliter annuentes2 casale dictum de Calamona3 scitum et positum intra castelaniam nostram Ferracloni,4 confrontatum [a]5 parte levantis cum terris et pertinenciis casalis de Fando, a parte merediei cum possessionibus Iohannis Aspermeni, a parte ponendis6 cum Absito,7 et a parte transmontane cum possessionibus Adde Aurioli, cum omnibus et singulis suis iuribus et pertinenciis ad ipsum spectantibus et spectare debentibus quoquomodo et cum iardinis, vineis, terris cultis et incultis, molendinis, pascuis, aquis, nemoribus intra suprascriptos8 confines contentis abendum, tenendum,9 regendum,10 gubernandum, expletandum et meliorandum cum Argangeli et eius iuribus et pertinenciis hinc ad instans festum Nativitatis Sancti Iohannis Baptiste et ab eodem festo inantea ad anno[s] decem continuos et completos invicem deliberato consilio auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia vobis tanquam digno et benemerito conferimus, concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive responsione florenorum auri de Florencia quadraginta solvendo per vos annis singulis in festo Sancte Marie mensis Septembris. Quocirca religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri … domus eiusdem bailivo insule Rodi nostre sub virtute sancte obediencie districte precipimus et mandamus ut vos in possessionem pacificam et quietam dicti casalis cum Archangeli et aliorum omnium predictorum inducat et conservet inductum omni penitus obiectione cessante, necnon universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra nostram presentem gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius etc. Data Rodi die prima mensis Iunii anno lviii. [61] Rhodes, 8 July 1358. The Master confirms to his cook Tefilatus Rostolli and to his heirs in emphyteusis at one silver ducat a year the iardinum in the contrata of Rhodini formerly belonging to the late Fr. Albrecht de Montemagno. [Malta 316, f. 301v –302 (297v –298)].

 1 Ms: ca(m).  2 Ms: amuentes.   3  Cf. [39 n. 1].  4 Ms: Ferracloui.  5 Ms: et.  6 Sic.   7  Cf. [39 n. 1].  8 Ms: subprisciptos.  9 Ms: abendam, tenendam. 10 Ms: regendam before correction.

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Frater Rogerius etc. dilecto sibi in Christo magistro Tefilato Rostolli1 coco nostro salutem in Domino. Vestris acceptis et fidelibus serviciis nobis diucius2 prestitis gratitudine respondere volentes, gratiam per nos dudum vobis factam vestrisque heredibus et successoribus de iardino condam fratris Betini de Montemagno3 scito in contrata Rodini placidam habentes4 et gratam eam vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistentium in hac parte sub an[nu]o canone sive censu unius ducati argenti nobis et nostre domui in festo Sancte Marie mensis Agusti annis singulis exolvendo auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia confirmamus et ad uberiorem cautelam de novo conferimus, concedimus et donamus cum licencia, potestate et auctoritate vos dictosque vestri heredes et successores de dicto iardino disponendi et ordinandi deinceps pro libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et eidem nostre domui reservatis tamen specialiter et retentis. Mandantes hac serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus seu condicionis existant, sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram confirmationem et gratiam aliquathenus veniant, [quinymo] inconcussam teneaciter5 illa[m] ­servent. In cuius etc. Data Rodi etc. die viii Iulii anno lviii. [62] Rhodes, 18 July 1358. The Master confirms to papas Dimitrios of Thebes, ­habitator of Rhodes, the private church of the Virgin Mary Calisteni given him by papas Yeromanacus Galactien on 10 June 1358. [Malta 316, f. 301–301v (297–297v)]. Frater Rogerius etc. dilecto nobis in Christo pape Dimitrio Thebarum habitatori Rodi salutem etc. Tue devotionis zelus et fidei puritas quibus nobis et nostre religioni1 allicere comprobaris ad te prosequendum2 in tuis supplicacionibus favorabiliter nos placide inducentes,3 donacionem de ecclesia patrimoniali per papam Yeromancum Galactien4 vocata Virgo Maria Calisteni5 per ipsum papam Yeromanacum prout de donacione6 ipsa nobis co[n]stitit publico instrumento facto in Rodo per Georgium Calopurey notarium publicum die decima mensis Iunii anno millesimo ccco qui[n]quagesimo octavo7 subscripto, 1 Or Roscolli. 2 Ms: diuicius. 3  Fr. Albrecht (possibly von Hohenberg) belonged to the langue of Alamania: Luttrell (2003), 239. 4 Ms: habentes repeated. 5  Sic. 1 Ms: religionis. 2 Ms: prosenquendum. 3 Ms: inducendes. 4  Possibly from Galata opposite Constantinople. 5 In 1382 this church was outside the walls of Rhodes town on the site of the later gate of Saint John: Luttrell (2003), 131–2. 6 Ms: donationem. 7 Ms: octava.

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placidam habentes et gratam, donacionem ipsam, si et prout et eo modo et forma quibus per nominatum papam Yeromonacum tibi facta est, de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac8 parte tibi de nostra certa scientia et speciali9 gratia auctoritate presencium approbamus, emologamus et confirmationis nostre patrocinia comunimus.10 Mandantes sub virtute sante obendiencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis aliis nobis subdictis districte mandantes11 precipimus ne contra presentem nostram ratificacionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo preservant12 inconcussam et inviolabiliter illam servent. In cuius etc. Data Rodi die decima octava mensis Iulii anno lviii. [63] Rhodes, 1 September 1358. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at 10 gold florins a year to Mormo de Sindria and his heirs the place called Trufem in the Castellany of Feraklos in which there are said to be 104 modiates of land, four of them being vineyard and gardens, 50 being cultivated and 50 cultivable, along with other waste lands; the place is bordered by the podium or hill of Quilidonia and the border runs from the ingressus of Micaladena to lo Liothiari, thence to Exipetro, thence to Eschunides, aquis pendentibus, and thence to the river and along the river to Micaladena. [Malta 316. f. 316–316v (312–312v)]. Frater Rogerius etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Mormo de Sindria salutem in Domino. Propter fidelia et accepta servicia per te nostre prestita religioni volentes tibi graciam facere ut propterea ad eiusdem religionis nostre servicia ferventiori1 studio iugiter animeris, locum dictum vulgariter de Trufem2 situm in castellania nostra de Ferraclono in quo esse dicuntur modiate terre centum et quatuor, inter quas sunt modiate terre quatuor vineate et iardinate et modiate quinquaginta laborative et modiate quinquaginta que excoli possunt, confrontatum cum podio de Quilidonia in quo incipit de ingressu de Micaladena et vadit a lo Liothiari et deinde vadit ad Exipetro3 et deinde vadit ad Eschunides aquis pendentibus omni die et intrat ad potamum et vadit potamo4 usque ad Micaladena cum terris aliis gastis et heremis omnibus intra dictos confines contentis tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte sub an[n]uo canone sive censu florenorum auri decem nobis et nostre domui in festo Sante Marie mensis Augusti annis singulis  8 Ms: in a hac parte.  9 Ms: specialis. 10 Ms: pro atrocinia communis. 11  Mandantes repeated. 12 Ms: presuman.  1 Ms: ferventioris.  2 Possibly for Crucem.  3 Possibly Exipecio.  4 potamo repeated.

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exsolvendis de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia conferimus, concedimus et donamus cum licencia et potestate plenaria de dictis loco et terris disponendi et ordinandi decetero pro tua tuorumque heredum et successorum beneplacita voluntate, laudimio tamen, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et dicte nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque5 status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra presentem nostram donacionem et graciam aliquatenus contraveniant, quinymo tenaciter illam servent. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est apenssa. Data Rodi die prima mensis Septembris anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo trecentesimo quinquagesimo octavo. [64] Rhodes, 1 October 1358. The Master quits his familiaris Jacques Gros of Narbonne for all the cloth, sugar or sugar powder he has received in Cyprus and Rhodes and for their sale and shipment, as also for grain and monies he received in Cyprus and Rhodes or elsewhere from the Bailiff of Rhodes, or from other persons, or from the various other operations and incomes he managed until 31 August 1358. [Malta 316, f. 307–307v (303–303v)]. Noverint1 universi et singuli presentem recognicionem et quitanciam visuri et pariter audituri quod nos frater Rogerius de Pinibus Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos tenore presencium confitemur et in verbo veritatis publice recognoscimus quod Iachobus Grosi de Narbona familiaris noster de omnibus et singulis pannorum quantitatibus per eum receptis et habitis nostro nomine et pro nobis tam in Cipro quam in Rodo, ac de omnibus et singulis quantitatibus zucari seu pulverum zucari per ipsum Iacobum habitis et receptis diversis et multis vicibus sive in Cipro sive in Rodo nostro nomine, et de il[l]arum vendicionibus et preciis aut de tra[n]smissione earum ad partes alias de nostro mandato, ac eciam de omnibus et singulis bladorum quantitatibus et peccuniarum summis per dictum Iacobum quo supra nomine receptis et habitis tam in Cipro quam in Rodo sive alibi ubicunque tam de apautis possessionum nostrarum quam aliorum iurium et redituum nostrorum insularum Cipri et Rodi tam per manus baylivi dicte insule Rodi qualitercunque aliter aut a personis aliis quibuscunque, necnon de omnibus et singulis rerum nostrarum vendicionibus seu cambiis pectuniarum et rerum aliarum per ipsum Iacobum de mandato nostro factis et de omnibus et singulis aliis receptis, datis, solutis, expensis et missis et quomodolibet aliis2 gestis et administratis per eum tam in insula Cipri quam in Rodo et in nostro hospicio de toto3 quo nobis servivit te[m]pore usque per totam diem ultimam 5 Ms: huiuscunque. 1 Ms: Noverit. 2 Ms: alias. 3 Ms: dototo.

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inclusive primo preteriti mensis Agusti anni Incarnacionis Domini millesimi trecentesimi qui[n]quagesi[m]i octavi subscripti nobis posuit verum et legale computum et debitam racionem nobisque restituit integre et ad plenum omnia et singula que per dictum computum nobis restituere debere fuit copertus, de quibus computo et racione contenti et bene pacati plenarie de omnibus et singulis supradictis usque per totam diem prescriptam dictum Iacobum, eius heredes et sucessores et bona eorum et cuiusque eorum presencia et futura liberamus perpetuo et quitamus ac insuper omnes scripturas seu apodixas publicas vel privatas per quas usque ad diem prescriptam nobis in aliquo reperiretur debitor dictus Iacobus, quia de omnibus nobis per eum debitis integre satisfecit,4 casamus, anullamus ac decernimus ir[r]itas et inanes nulliusque penitus existere efficacie et valoris, promitentes bona fide contra predicta vel eorum aliquo per nos vel alium seu alios publice vel occulte non contrafacere vel venire sub ypotheca et obligatione omnium bonorum nostrorum et domus nostre presentium et pariter5 futurorum. In cuius etc. Data Rodi die prima mensis Octobris anno lviiio. [65] Rhodes, 12 December 1358. The Master licenses Fr. Raymundus de Orte to sell and the Drapier Fr. Mendarias de Valbuena to buy a vineyard in the contrata of Acristatigus, bordered to the north by a public way, by the property of Johannes Marini and by the vineyard of Stratigissa, to the east by a public way, to the south by the properties of Nichola Zonariti, of Cabissiquina de Camano and of Macriduca child of Asca, and to the west by those of Nichola Quesala, of Costas Screpio and of Mimodena de Jacuti. [Malta 316, f. 305v (301v): manuscript of poor quality]. Frater Rogerius de Pinibus etc. religiosis in Christo nobis1 carissimis fratribus Mendarie de Vallebona draperio conventus nostri Rodi et Raymundo de Orte domus eiusdem salutem etc. Vendendi atque quandam vineam sitam et positam in contrata de Acristatigus,2 confrontatam a trasmontana pro parte cum via publica et pro parte cum possessione Iohannis Marini et cum vinea Stratigissa, a levante cum via publica, a meridie pro parte cum possessione Nichole3 Zonariti, et pro parte cum possessione Cabissiquina de Camano et pro parte cum possessione Macriduca filie4 Asca, et a ponente pro parte cum possessione Nichole Quesala, et pro parte cum possessione Coste Screpio et pro parte cum possessione Mimodene de Iacuti, vobis dicto fratri Mendarie draperio et vineam ipsam, prout supra designata est, emendi et recipiendi vobis dicto fratri Raymundo tenore presencium licenciam inpertimur. Data Rodi die duo decima mensis Decembris anno lviii. 4 Ms: satisficit. 5 Ms: parite. 1  nobis repeated. 2  Probably Archistratigos just south-west of Mount Filerimos. 3  Nichole repeated. 4 Or fil[ii].

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[66] Rhodes, 17 December 1358. The Master licenses his squire and familiaris Bernard de Nogaret to sell a vineyard in the casale of Guardaradis, bordered to the west by the road leading from Guardaradis ad aeras, to the south by the hill of Villanova, to the east by the vineyard of Siriori and to the north by that of papas Michali. [Malta 316, f. 305v (301v)]. Frater Rogerius etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Bernardo de Nogareto scutifero et familiari salutem etc. in Domino. Vendendi vineam unam tuam sitam et positam in casali de Guararadis, confrontatam a parte pone[n]tis cum via per quam itur de dicto casali ad aeras,1 a meridie cum montanea Ville Nove, a levante cum vinea de Siriori, et eciam a trasmontana cum vinea pape Michali, tibi tenore presencium licenciam inpertimur. Data Rodi die decima septima mensis Decenbris anno lviii. [67] Rhodes, 15 January 1359. The Master and Convent sell in perpetuity to ­magister Jacobus Guitardi medicus and his heirs for 150 florins half of a vineyard and half of all houses within it in the contrata of Alepos, bordered by Vassili Canberlani, by Micali Zangra, by the vineyards of Nichola Massani, Theodoros Vaysani and Nichola Balistarii and on two other sides by the public way; this property was held pro indiviso by the late Fr. Raymundus de Admirato and Domenico de Aquar, interpreter in the curia of Rhodes, but devolved to the Treasury through the death of Fr. Raymundus; since the properties are worth more than 150 florins, Jacobus will owe an annual census of one gigliato for the excess value. [Malta 316, f. 309v –310 (305v –306)]. Universis et singulis presentem vendicionem visuris nos frater Rogerius de Pinibus Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohanis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos et nos conventus domus eiusdem tenore presencium facimus manifestum quod cum medietatem unius vinee cum medietate omnium hospiciorum et domorum sitorum et sitarum in illa site et posite in contrata de Alepos,1 confrontate ab una parte cum possessione Vassili Canberlani, ab alia parte cum Micali Zangra, ab alia parte cum vinea Nichole Massani et cum vinea Theodori Vaysani et cum vinea Nicole Balistarii, et ab aliis duabus partibus cum via publica et si qui alii sint confines veriores, quam et quas condam frater Raymundus de Admirato pro indiviso habebat cum Dominico de Aquar interprete curie Rodi et per ipsius condam fratris Raymundi obitum ad thesaurum nostrum racionabiliter devolute et devolutarum,2 vendimus, censimus et tradimus iure proprio per imperpetuum circumspecto et provido viro magistro Iacobo Guitardi medico suisque heredibus et successoribus presenti ementi, stipulanti et emptionem huiusmodi recipienti 1 Either aeras is a place roughly south-west of the hill of Villanova (modern Paradissi) or it means high places (cf. [7]); all other place-names in this document were capitalized while aeras was not. 1  A vineyard of Alopus was in the contrata of Rhodini in 1436: Malta 352, f. 140–140v (139–139v). 2 Ms: de voluntarum.

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nomine suo proprio ac vice et nomine omnium et singulorum heredum et successorum suorum presencium et futurorum ad habendum, tenendum3 et possidendum, et quicquid eidem magistro Iacobo suisque heredibus et successoribus placuerit decetero faciendum cum omnibus infra dictos confines contentis vel alios, si qui forent, et cum accessibus et egressibus suis usque in viam publicam et cum omni accione, usu et requisicione4 pro precio videlicet centum quinquaginta florenorum quod ab ipso magistro Iacobo emptore predicto confitemur dictum tesaurum et eius ministros habuis[s]e et integraliter numeracione reali et continua recepisse nostro nomine atque vice, renunciantes exceptioni dicti precii per dictum tesaurum seu ministros eius quo supra nomine non habiti et non recepti et sibi integre non soluti et non numerati et iuri omni alio5 cuicunque. Quamquidem medietatem vinee et domorum predictarum tenere et possidere nos constituimus precario decetero pro ­magistro Iacobo emptore prefato et eius nomine quousque ipsarum corporalem aprehenderit possessionem, quam aprehendendi et retinendi deinceps eidem emptori auctoritate sua propria plenam licenciam concedimus et conferimus potestatem. Promitentes insuper emptori prefato suisque heredibus et successoribus presentibus et futuris super dicta medietate vinee et domorum nullam inferre molestiam seu controversiam nec inferenti consentire, quinymo eam sibi dictisque heredibus et succesoribus tam in proprietate quam in possessione legitime deffensare, auctorizare et disbrigare a quacunque persona nostris et domus nostre sumptibus et expensis et presentem vendicionem et omnia et singula contenta in presentibus perpetuo rata et firma habere et tenere et non contrafacere vel -venire aliqua racione vel causa de iure vel de facto sub reffeccione6 dampnorum, expensarum et interesse litis et extra et sub ypotheca et obligacione omnium bonorum nostrorum et domus nostre presencium et futurorum. Ceterum, quia prelibata medietas vinee et domorum plus valet precio centum qui[n]quaginta florenorum supradicto, totum id quod plus valet ultra dictos florenos centum qui[n]quaginta, nominato magistro Iacobo eiusque heredibus et successoribus propter fidelia et utilia servicia per ipsum magistrum Iacobum nobis prestita et que prestare utiliora et necessariora fideli diligencia non tepescit, invicem deliberato consilio auctoritate presencium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia conferimus perpetuo et donamus donacione7 irrevocabili inter vivos sub annuo canone sive censu unius giliati Rodi nobis et nostre domui in festo Assumptionis Beate Marie an[n]is singulis exolvendo, ac eciam laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et eidem nostre domui insuper specialiter reservatis. In cuius etc. Data Rodi die quintadecima mensis Ianuarii anno lviiio.

3 Ms: rendum or tendum. 4 Ms: requisicionem. 5 Ms: alii. 6 Ms: reffectionem. 7 Ms: donacionem.

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[68] Rhodes, 15 February 1359. The Master and Convent confirm to Lodovico Moresco, burgensis and habitator of Rhodes, the place of Pitharion, bounded to the west by Scala with boundaries descending westwards as far as the sulinaria, possibly the saltings, of Scala, aquis pendentibus; to the north the boundary runs from stream to stream, descending to the platea of Tomasinus; to the east is a cresta or ridge; the boundary goes to Hardaqui, thence to Quaraqum and thence to a ridge, turning back to a fossatum and leading, aquis pendentibus, to Colimbus; to the south of Pitharion the boundary follows a torrent or stream called Quipparasovunom and then turns back, aquis pendentibus, to the platea called Ahonia. Pitharion was granted to Lodovico’s father Pietro Moresco by the Master Hélion de Villeneuve in return for a butchery; that bocheria consisted of two adjoining hospicia by the sea in the borgo of Rhodes, and was granted in perpetuity in emphyteusis without a written document by Master Foulques de Villaret and the Convent to Lodovico’s grandfather Arnaudus de Fonsarie and his heirs, Arnaudus having built it and sold meat and fish there. [Malta 316, f. 311v –312v (307v –308v)]. Frater Rogerius de Pinibus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem dilecto nobis in Christo Lodovico Moresqui burgensi et habitatori nostro Rodi salutem in Domino. Sicut vestra continuit exposicio nobis facta bone memorie frater Fulco de Villareto nostri dicti magistri predecessor et conventus Arnaudo de Fonsarie condam avo vestro suisque heredibus et sucsesoribus per inperpetuum duo hospicia sese tenencia sita in burgo nostro Rodi iuxta mare que ipse condam Arnaudus hedificari et construi fecerat suis propriis sumptibus et expensis ut in illis carnes venderentur et pisces cum tabulis et banquis intra dicta hospicia existentibus et logueriis earum et eorum concesserunt graciose et eciam donaverunt, quodque bone memorie frater Elionus de Villanova nostri dicti magistri eciam antecesor prelibata hospicia nunc dicta bocheria tempore condam Petri Moresqui patris vestri1 ad se et nostre domus manus revocari fecit et recepi locum dictum de Pitharion situm intra insulam nostram Rodi, confrontatum a parte ponentis cum Scala,2 descendente a ponente usque ad sulinariam3 de Scalo, aquis pendentibus, a parte transmontane de flumine in fluminem descendendo ad plateam Tomasini, a parte levantis cum cresta,4 et vadit Hardaqui et venit a Quaraqum5 et vadit ad crestam retrahendo ad fossatum6 usque ad Colimbus7 cum aquis pendentibus, et a parte meridiei cum toreneto dicto Quipparosovunom,8 et se retrachi9 et vadit ad plateam dictam 1 Ms: vestras. 2 Possibly Skala or port near the saltings of Skala. 3  Possibly for salinariam, salting. 4 Ms: cresta repeated. 5 If Skala was a port, Qaraqum was presumably not the inland Charaki some ten kilometres northnorth-west of Laerma [69]; Sørensen-Pentz, 12, 141–4. 6  fossatum repeated. 7  Possibly Kolymbia, north-east of Archangelos with a river, a port and maybe saltings. 8  Maybe a small toron or hill called Cypress Hill. 9  Sic.

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Ahonia10 aquis pendentibus, in excambium et loco dicte bocherie, mandans et ordina[n]s sibi et suis dari de quolibet11 ipsum quamdiu vixerit dictus12 condam vester pater tenuerit et vos postea successive. Quia de illo non fuit litera dicto condam patri nec vobis facta, subiuncxistis humiliter ut de loco predicto vobis et vestris heredibus et successoribus oportunas fieri facere literas dignaremur, nosque de concessione et gracia dicte bocherie premisso condam Arnaudo per dictos predecessore[m] et conventum facta, ut in premissa13 vestra exposicione continetur, per literas eorundem predecessoris et conventus eorum comuni plu[m]bea bulla comunitas et per vos nobis restit[ut]as certi facti, extra parte alia per quamplures domus nostre fratres fidedignos certitudinaliter informati, ut exposuistis superius, per nominatum condam fratrem Elionum magistrum ordinatum fuisse et mandatum, in excanbium dicte boccherie locum predictum de Pitharion cum terris14 intra dictos confines contentis vobis et vestris [heredibus et successoribus], dari perpetuo. Eapropter locum premissum de Pitharion cum terris omnibus intra prescriptos confines contentis vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus in permutacionem et excanbium predicte bocherie15 ad habendum, tenendum, utifruendum et posidendum et amodo,16 quicquid vobis vestrisque heredibus et sucessoribus deinceps placuerit, perpetuo faciendum invicem deliberato consilio auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia conferimus, concedimus et donamus, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et eidem17 nostre domui specialiter r­ eservatis. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis exista[n]t, sub virtute sante obediencie districte precipimus et mandamus ne contra predicta aliquatenus venire presumant, quinimo tenaciter et efficaciter [illa servent]. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die quintadecima mensis Februarii anno lviii. [69] Rhodes, 6 March 1359. The Master and Convent grant Antonio Cantarelli for his lifetime at 55 gold florins a year the Hospital’s monasterium of Artamitis and its lands and appurtenances, bounded towards the mountain of Artamitis by the comba or valley of Angathona leading to the large river flowing from Embonas and rising to the hill of Golari and keeping to lo Malanguy and ‘divided’ by a riale or stream facing Kitala and Lelos, and rising to the hill of Plinanovova and thence rising to the mountain of Profitis Ilias, and then to the hill of Coclaconovo, and from there to the well of Risfata, and then to the hill of Caraqui, ‘divided’ by the boli of Apollona, and from there descending to the stream of Spagos, and continuing to an old castle, and from there 10 Or Ahoma? 11 Ms: quolicet. 12  dictus repeated 13 Ms: permissa. 14 Ms: teruis. 15 Ms: Lochorie 16 Ms: amidi? 17 Ms: eumdem.

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to the hill of Prodomata and to the hill of Sclapia, and reaching the river from the direction of Laerma, crossing to the hill of Pordalectora and ascending the river to the hill of Asquioti, and proceeding towards Scandalha, and then directly to Losa, following the mountain of Artamitis, all these hills facing the monasterium; within these boundaries are the casale of Vervori with two houses for serfs and a water mill and the remains of the casale of Guienara in which casale are francomati, and also a modiate of land with a fig tree which is in (the territory of ) Laerma and is called Agretha and belongs to the monasterium; in addition there is a iardinum called Masto or Masco in the territory of Siana;1 the monasterium possesses 120 goats, a plough and four donkeys. [Malta 316, f. 311–311v (307–307v)]. Frater Rogerius de Pinibus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Anthonio Cantarelli salutem in Domino. Tuis fidelibus et acceptis serviciis tam nostro predecessori quam nobis et nostre domui per te prestitis et que non desistis prestitis2 acceptiora prestare gratitudine respondere volentes, monasterium nostrum et domus nostre de Lattrimiti cum eius terris, iuribus et pertinenciis et cum omnibus et singulis infrascriptis, confrontatum a parte montanee de Artrimity cum comba una de Angathona feriens in flumaria magna veniente de Ambona, et ascendente in montanea de Golari, et se tenet cum lo Malanguy, et se dividit per unum riale confrontatum cum la Quitala et cum Lelo, et ascendit super podium3 de Plinanovova, et abinde ascendit ad montaneam de Sancto Elya, et deinde vadit ad podium de Coclaconovo, et dehinc vadit ad puteum de Risfata, et dehinc vadit ad podium dictum Caraqui ton Pangous4 dividens cum bolis5 de Polona, et abhinc descendit ad flumariam de Spagos,6 et vadit ad castrum anticum, et dehinc vadit ad podium de Prodomata, et vadit ad podium de Sclapia, et intrat potamum ex partibus la Drame, transiens ad podium de Pordalectora, et ascendit per dictum potamum ad podium de Asquioti, et vadit ad Scandalha, et vadit de dricto ad Losam, tenendo cum montanea de Lartimity, podiis supradictis omnibus aquis7 vertentibus versus monasterium supradictum; intra quos confines est casale unum dictum Vervori in quo sunt hospicia servorum duo et molendinum aque unum et casale relicum dictum Guienara in quo sunt persone francomate, ac etiam modiata una terre in qua est ficus una que est in Ladrema dicta8 Agretha que est dicti monasterii, necnon et iardinum unum quod est in territorio de Siana

1  Laerma and Masto or Masco were apparently outside the confines of the grant. 2  Sic. 3  podium: hill. Cf. Haute Montaigne … que l’en appelle le puy de Philermo: Le voyatge, 51. 4 Charaki hill lies some ten kilometres north-north-west of Laerma with ‘Stus Pagus’ at its foot: Sørensen-Pentz, 12, 141. 5  Conceivably from Latin bolus or Greek bolos, lumps or perhaps mounds. 6 Ms: Despagos. 7  aquis is possibly an erroneous insertion, or there should be an et before aquis. 8  dicta repeated.

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dictum Masto,9 et sunt in dicto monasterio de statu capre centum viginti, charrua una et asinorum capita quatuor, tibi de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte ad vitam tuam de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia conferimus, concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive censu florenorum auri quinquaginta quinque nobis seu nostre domui in festo Beate Marie mensis Agusti annis singulis exolvendo, sic tamen quod in fine vite tue premissum monasterium in statu et cum statu in quo ipsum receperis dimitere nostre domui tenearis. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris sub virtute sante obediencie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram concessionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo tenaciter illam servent. In cuius etc. Data Rodi die sexta mensis Marcii anno lviiio. [70] Rhodes, 15 March 1359. The Master quits Fr. Jean de Rocablava, Commander of Vaor, Aiguetinte and Gienbrède, seneschal of his household, for 1,600 florins for the appaltum of the Castellany of Rhodes for the laudimia, venditiones and census for the two years from 1 September 1356 until 1 September 1358; Fr. Jean had farmed these incomes to Bartolomeo Villanocio, a Genoese notary, and to Thoma condam Domenico de Manzolino, a notary from Bologna, who are also quit with the promise that the Master will make no further claim from them beyond the 1,600 florins. [Malta 316, f. 310v –311 (306v –307), with a note Hec littera fuit duplicata]. Noverint universi et singuli presentem recognicionem et quitanciam visuri et pariter audituri quod nos frater Rogerius de Pinibus Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Santi Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos tenore presencium confitemur de nostra certa scientia et in verbo recognoscimus veritatis nos habuisse et integre recepisse numeracione continua et decenti per manus religiosi in Christo nobis carissimi fratris Iohannis de Rocablava domus eiusdem preceptoris de Vaor et de Aquatincta et de Gimbreda nostrique hospicii senescalli a Bartolomeo Villanocio Ianuensi notario et a Thoma condam Dominici de Manzolino de Bononia notario florenos mille sexcentos, in quibus iidem Bartholomeus et Thomas nobis tenebantur et erant debitores pro apauto et racione apauti laudimiorum, vendicionum et censuum omnium totius castellanie nostre Rodi annorum duorum receptorum die prima mensis Septenbris anni Domini millesimi trecentesimi quinquagesimi sexti et finitorum die prima mensis Septenbris an[n]i Domini millesimi tresentesimi qui[n]quagesimi octavi, videlicet anno quolibet dictorum duorum annorum in florenis octingentis, qui duo1 anni summam faciunt supradictam mille sexcentorum florenorum. De quibusquidem mille sexcentis florenis per nos, ut premititur, integre habitis et receptis contenti plenarie de[nari]is 9 Or Masco. 1 The passage et finitorum to qui duo is an insertion.

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eosdem Bartholomeum et Thomam eorumque et cuiusque eorum heredes et successores presentes et futuros et eorum et cuiusque eorum bona presencia et futura hac serie liberamus perpetuo et quitamus, renunciantes exceptioni dictorum mille sexcentorum florenorum pro apauto dictorum duorum annorum in modum premissum per nos integre non habitorum et non receptorum et spei future numeracionis et tradicionis, et nichilominus promitimus bona fide per nos et nostros imposterum successores sub reffectione dampnorum et expensarum litis et extra contra predicta per nos vel alium seu alios publice vel occulte non facere2 vel venire de iure vel de facto sub ypotheca et obligacione omnium bonorum nostrorum et domus nostre presencium et futurorum. In cuius rey testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die qui[n]tadecima mensis Marci[i] anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo trecentesimo quinquagesimo octavo. [71] Rhodes, 1 October 1364. The Master, at the request of the Marshal Fr. Gui de la Tour, grants Lose de Leone and her heirs at one asper a year in perpetual emphyteusis 16 modiates of land in the casale of Myrtonas belonging to the Marshal, bordered to the west and north by lands of Lose, to the south by lands of the Marshal and to the east by lands of the Hospital. [Malta 16 no. 40: original parchment with holes for seal but no seal; ed. Luttrell (1992), V 279]. Frater Rogerius de Pinibus Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Santi Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos dilecte nobis in Christo Lose de Leone salutem in Domino Ihesu Christo. Ad supplicationem et instanciam religiosi in Christo nobis carissimi fratris Guidonis de Turri domus eiusdem marescalli modiatas terre sexdecim sitas et positas in territorio et termino casalis de Mortona dicti marescalli, confrontatas a ponente et transmontana cum terris vestris, a meridie cum terris dicti marescalli et a levante cum terris dicte nostre domus, vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam sub annuo canone sive censu unius asperi tenenti et habenti casale prefatum in festo Beate Marie mensis Augusti anno quolibet exsolvendo auctoritate presencium de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte de nostra certa scientia conferimus, concedimus et donamus cum licencia, potestate et auctoritate predictis modiatas terre sexdecim dandi, donandi, permutandi, vendendi et alienandi ac de illis decetero pro vestra dictorumque vestrorum heredum et successorum voluntate beneplacita disponendi cum onere supradicto, insuper laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et eidem nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra predictam nostram donationem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter 2 Ms: fracere.

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illam servent. In cuius rey testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die prima mensis Octobris anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo trecentesimo sexagesimo quarto. [in fold] Cor[rec]ta R[egistra]ta [72] Rhodes, 1 May 1365. The Master and Convent grant for life at five gold florins a year to Fr. Raymond Bérenger, Grand Commander and Commander of Cyprus, the casale of Afidi in the Castellany of Feraklos following its resignation by Fr. Dragonet de Mondragon, Commander of Puysubran and Lieutenant both of the Master and of the Marshal. [Malta 319, f. 264 (268)]. Frater Rogerius etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Raymundo Berengarii domus eiusdem magno preceptori ac preceptori Cipri salutem etc. Meritorum prospicuitate vestrorum velut dignum et benemeritum vos graciosis favoribus prosequentes casale de Afidi situm intra insulam nostram Rodi in castellania de Feraclono per religiosum etc. fratrem Dragonetum de Montedracone domus eiusdem preceptorem Podiisoyrani ac locum tenentem nostri dicti magistri et marescalli in conventu prefato in manibus nostri dicti magistri vobis conferendum voluntate spontanea presencialiter resignatum cum omnibus et singulis suis membris, pertinenciis et iuribus ad casale ipsum spectantibus et pertinentibus ac spectare et pertinere debentibus quoquomodo, et cum quibus illud dictus frater Dragonetus habuit, tenuit et possedit sub annua responsione quinque florenorum auri et boni ponderis nobis dicto magistro aut cui mandabimus per totum mensem Augusti annis singulis exolvenda invicem deliberato consilio a die prima mensis Septembris et extunc inantea ad vitam vestram auctoritate presencium de certa nostra sciencia et speciali gracia vobis conferimus, concedimus et donamus benefaciendo in eodem. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, sub virtute sancte obediencie districte mandantes precipimus quatenus contra presentem nostram graciam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra comunis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die prima mensis Maii anno quinto. [73] Rhodes, 1 May 1365. The Master and Convent grant for life to Fr. Dragonet de Mondragon, Commander of Puysubran and Lieutenant both of the Master and of the Marshal, the casalia of Apsito, Parmeni, Levalani and Archipolis, all in the Castellany of Feraklos, which casalia Fr. Raymond Bérenger, Grand Commander and Commander of Cyprus, has resigned; Fr. Dragonet is to owe the Master 300 gold florins a year; if he receives a benefice more valuable than the casalia he must resign them to the Master. Fr. Raymond may retain ad manus suas Georgius Cursarii together with those things which Georgius owes him, and he may also retain six shepherds whom Fr. Raymond has in his sheepfolds, paying Fr. Dragonet what is due for them; the six shepherds are to be men who do not have ploughs. [Malta 319, f. 264–264v (268–268v)]. 151

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Frater Rogerius etc. et nos conventus etc. religioso etc. fratri Dragonato de Montedracone domus eiusdem preceptori Podiisoyrani ac locum tenenti nostri dicti magistri et marescalli in conventu prefato salutem etc. Meritorum prospicuitate1 vestrorum velut dignum et benemeritum vos graciosis favoribus prosequentes casalia de Apsito,2 de Parmeni3 et de Levalani4 et Archapoli,5 sita intra insulam nostram Rodi in castellania de Feraclono per religiosum in Christo nobis carissimum fratrem Raymundum Berengarii domus eiusdem magnum preceptorem ac preceptorem Cipri in manibus nostri dicti magistri voluntate spontanea vobis conferenda presencialiter resignata cum omnibus et singulis suis membris, iuribus et pertinenciis ad illa et eorum quodlibet spectantibus et pertinentibus ac spectare et pertinere debentibus quoquomodo, et cum quibus illa dictus magnus preceptor tenuit, habuit et possedit sub responsione annuo trecentorum florenorum auri et boni ponderis nobis dicto magistro aut cui mandabimus per totum mensem Augusti annis singulis exolvenda, invicem deliberato consilio a die prima instantis mensis Septembris et extunc inantea ad vitam vestram auctoritate presencium de certa nostra sciencia et speciali gracia vobis conferimus, concedimus et donamus benefaciendo in eisdem cum condicione ista tamen quod si exnunc vobis contingat6 de aliquo provideri valoris maioris quam sint casalia supradicta,7 casalia ipsa ad nos dictum magistrum sine aliqua resistencia redeant et ex pacto redire debeant per nos tenenda aut per nos de illis disponenda8 pro nostro beneplacito voluntatis. Etiam reservato et retento quod dictus magnus preceptor sibi et ad manus suas retinere valeat Georgium Cursarii cum hiis que ei debet ex parte una et ex parte alia illos sex bergerios quos ad presens idem magnus preceptor in mandris suis tenebat, posset9 eciam ad manus suas retinere, solvendo vobis tamen pro huiusmodi sex bergeriis idem magnus preceptor [iuria] sua. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus10 vel condicionis existant,11 sub virtute sancte obediencie districte mandantes precipimus quatenus contra presentem nostram graciam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rei etc. Rursum volumus quod predictus Georgius retineatur per dictum magnum preceptorem donec ei solverit qu[e] ei12 debet, solvendo annuatim iuria sua prefato fratri Dragoneto,  1 Ms: prospicuitatem.   2  Possibly Psinthos [18].   3 The church of the Virgin Parmeniotissa is south-west of Psinthos: Cristoforaki (1992), 111–16.   4  Possibly Valanidi some three kilometres north-east of Archipolis.  5 Or Archaboli.  6 Ms: condingat.  7 Ms: supradictum.  8 Ms: disponendum.  9 Ms: posset possit. 10 Ms: gratus. 11 Ms: existunt. 12 Ms: quei for qu[e] ei.

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et rursum quod dicti sex bergerii sint de non habentibus iarruas.13 Data Rodi die prima mensis Maii anno quinto. [74] [Rhodes, before 28 May 1365].1 The Master, with the consent of the Convent, frees a serf of the Hospital on Rhodes from the testagium, angaria, perangaria and all other services he owes, making him a francus or free man; he continues to owe the iura or dues arising from the cultivation of lands and vines and the decatia or tenth on his animals in the same way as the Hospital’s other serfs. [Barcelona, Gran Priorat, Armari 24, vol. 13, f. 3–3v; in margin fac and forma alia manumissionis servorum insule Rhodi].2 Frater Rogerius etcetera dilecto nobis in Christo .. salutem in Domino. Redemptoris nostri et domini domini Ihesu Christi exemplo inducti qui de superna arce celorum ad yma huius seculi descendere misericorditer fuit dignatus ut nos a servitute qua suberamus diabolo liberaret, erga servili nexu nobis astrictos libenter pie clemencie viscera aperimus, illis potissime quorum nobis et nostre domui prestita accepta servicia preter divine retributionis meritum favoris nostri gratia dignos reddunt. Te igitur .. predictum nostrum et dicte nostre domus ascripticium sive servum personam tuam tantum videlicet ob Dei reverentiam et tuorum acceptorum servitiorum nobis et eidem nostre domui fideliter prestitorum respectum de voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte de omnibus et singulis servitutibus et persone, videlicet testagio, angaria et perangaria et aliis omnibus servitutibus et servili nexu quibus nobis et eidem nostre religioni teneris auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia liberamus et liberum penitus facimus atque francum. Sic tamen quod iura de cultura terrarum et vinearum quam facies et decatiam tui bestiaris grossi et minuti sicut servi nostri alii nobis et eidem nostre domui solvere tenearis. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscumque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra presentis libertatis nostre gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo irrefragabiliter perpetuo illam servent. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. [75] Rhodes, 20 June 1365. The Master and Convent quit Fr. Bertrand de Orsanis, Commander of Anoyira and Phinikas [in Cyprus] and of Gienbrède, Sallebruneau and Rocabrun, for 717 florins, 7 gigliati and 8 denarii paid to the Treasury in satisfaction of his accounts as seneschal of the household of the late Master Fr. Roger des Pins from 1 December 1364 to 31 May 1365,1 as presented to Fr. Bartolomeo Benini, Prior 13  iarruas: ploughs?   1  Fr. Roger des Pins died apparently on 28 May 1365: [75 n.1].   2 Text from a formulary used in the Rhodian chancery now in the archives of the Priory of Catalunya.   1 Confirming that the Master Roger des Pins apparently died on 28 May 1365: Luttrell (2003), 13. Fr. Raymond Bérenger was Master by 31 May: Malta 319, f. 1–1v (10–10v).

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of Rome and of Pisa, and auditor for the Master and Treasury. Fr. Bertrand received 3,958 florins, 2 gigliati and 17 denarii from: the appaltus, incomes, rights and monies owing for the island of Rhodes down to 31 August 1365; from the commerchium, rents, laudimia and the tax on weights; from the iardina of Malpasso and Villanova; from the macelum tax; from the incomes of the island of Simi; from the debt owed by Nicoletto Pisani; from the tax on measures; from the sums owed by Borrello Assanti for the islands of Episkopi [Tilos] and Chalki; from Domenico de Gualterio speciarius for 33 boxes of sugar; and other monies. In the six months Fr. Bertrand spent 3,240 florins, 5 gigliati and 9 denarii on the Master’s household and other expenses for meat, fish, eggs and cheese; for the ships sent to fetch wood for the Master’s hospice; for sugar; for works on the Master’s hospice; for work on the aqueduct of the iardinum of Malpasso; for wood for the Master’s hospice; for wax; for the upkeep of grooms and slaves; for charcoal; for a cauldron for making soap costing 255 florins; for wages for household members and Hospitaller brethren; and for the burial of the late Master which cost 658 florins. [Malta 319, f. 265 (269)]. Universis et singulis visuris et audituris presentes nos frater Raymundus Berengarii etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem facimus tenore presencium manifestum quod religiosus in Christo nobis carissimus frater Bertrandus de Orsanis domus eiusdem preceptor de Nogera et de Finica ac de Guimbreda et Salabruneu et de Rocabruna de receptis et expensis2 per eum in administratione hospitii bone memorie fratris Rogerii de Pinibus dicte domus magistri antecessoris nostri prelibati magistri ipsius tunc temporis senescallus a die prima mensis Decembris anni Domini mi ccci lxiiii3 usque per totum mensem Maii anni Domini mi ccci lxv posuit computum infrascriptum religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Bartholomeo Benini domus eiusdem prioris Vrbis et Pisarum ad audiendum dictum conputum nostro et thesauri nostri nomine per nos deputato, videlicet quod diversis vicibus et temporibus et a diversis personis nomine et vice antecessoris4 prefati habuit et recepit usque ad sumam florenorum trium milium nongentorum quinquaginta octo gilatorum duorum et denariorum decem et septem, videlicet de apautis, reditibus, iuribus et rationibus ac debitis insule Rodi de anno finiendo per totum mensem Augusti anni Domini mi ccci lxv, comerci[i] Rodi, censuum, laudimiorum,5 ponderis, iardinorum Malipassi et Villenove, maceli, iurium Simearum, de debito quod debebitur per Nicoletum Pisani, mensurarum, a Borrello Assanti pro insulis Episcopie et Carqui, a Dominico de Gualterio speciario pro triginta tribus caxiis zucari et pro pecunia alia. Ex alia vero parte idem frater Bertrandus 2 Ms: expensas. 3  lxv ante correctionem. The quittance of 20 June 1365 covered the period to 31 August 1365, perhaps because the payments of the various yearly appaltus were made before rather than at the end of the financial year. The accounts were said to be for six months from 1 December 1364, with the scribe correcting 1365 to 1364; the Annus Domini was not a financial year commencing on 1 September. 4 Ms: atencessoris. 5 Ms: lausimiorum.

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assignat et ponit se expendidisse in dictis sex mensibus in administratione et necessariis hospicii dicti condam magistri et aliis supscriptis, scilicet in carnibus, piscibus, ovis, caseis, in apparatu thaforesarum mis[s]arum pro lignis ad usum dicti hospicii, in zucaro, in recuperatione hospicii, in opere conducti aque6 iardini Malipassi, in lignamine pro hospitio, in cera, in pitanciis datis garcionibus et sclavis, in carbone, cum florenis ducentis quinquaginta quinque quos constitit calderia una pro saboneria, et soldea familie hospicii et fratrum, et cum florenis sexcentis quinquaginta octo positis et conversis in sepultura condam prelibati magistri florenos tria milia ducentos quadraginta gilatos quinque denarios novem. Et sic restabat de conputo supradicto in manibus dicti fratris Bertrandi floreni septingenti decem et septem gilati7 septem et denarii octo. Clare patet in carthulariis thesauri in quibus dictum conputum positum est et scriptum. Quam idem florenorum restam confitemur presencium serie predictum fratrem Bertrandum integre solvisse et dedisse prelibato thesauro. De quibusquidem conputo solutione florenorum reste prefate contenti plenarie dictumque conputum bonum et legalem reputantes et pro tali habentes de predictis omnibus et singulis nominatum fratrem Bertrandum eiusve bona et arnesia harum serie de nostra certa scientia liberamus, absolvimus perpetuo et quitamus. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die xx mensis Iunii anno quinto. [76] Rhodes, 1 August 1365. The Master and Convent grant in perpetual emphyteusis at 60 solidi parve monete current on Rhodes to Petrus Bermundi and his heirs 30 modiates of uncultivated land in the contrata of Saint Ilias which he is to improve; its borders begin at a cross on a stone at the foot of Mount Saint Ilias and descend to the wall of Micalis Barberii and continue to the land of Mondaro and to a stream where there is a cross on a plaque which faces north, and eastwards across waste lands next to lands of the Hospital as far as the hill with a cross on a rock, and to the south the borders go to another mountain sign with omnibus aquis pendentibus; if the area amounts to more than 30 modiates Petrus and his heirs need pay no extra census. [Malta 319, f. 293v –294 (296v –297)]. Frater Raymundus Berengarii Dei gratia etc. et nos conventus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Petro Bermundi salutem etc., atendentes quod nos et nostra dicta domus habemus in contrata Santi Elye terras aliquas eremas et incultas a quibus domus nostra nullum assequitur utile vel profectum, que si sub annuo canone sive censu in emphyteosim perpetua[m] donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui supradicte, nosque eiusdem nostre domus volentes condicionem in hac parte facere meliorem terras quasdam sitas in contrata predicta, incipientes ubi est crux supra rupem1 unam ad pedem montanee Santi Elye,2 6  aque repeated. 7  gilati repeated. 1 Ms: rubem. 2  Possibly the Profitis Ilias south of Archangelos [91 n. 1].

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et abhinc descendit et vadit usque ad morallam seu parietem Micalis Barberii, et dirigit3 usque ad terras de Mondaro et riacum ubi est crux una super unam placam,4 que espivat versus transmontana, et per levantum vadit de vastago ad vastaga totum vastagum iuxta terras nostre domus usque ad montaneam ubi est crux una supra rupem unam sive rocam, et per meridiem vadit usque ad aliud signum montanee omnibus aquis pendentibus, et si qui alii sint confines, tibi tuisque heredibus et sucessoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam conferimus, concedimus et donamus invicem deliberato consilio tenore presencium et donamus cum licencia, potestate et auctoritate dandi, donandi, vendendi, alienandi,5 permutandi6 terras predictas et decetero de illis pro tua tuorumque herredum et successorum voluntate libera disponendi sub annuo censu subscripto, laudimioque, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui insuper specialiter reservatis. Predictas autem terras pro7 modiatis triginta tibi dictisque tuis heredibus et successoribus perpetuo in dictam emphiteosim perpetuam concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive censu solidorum parve monete cur[r]ibilis in Rodo sexaginta nobis et nostre dicte domui per te seu tuos heredes et successores in festo Sante Marie mensis Augusti annis singulis exolvendo. Si vero in te[r]ris predictis sint8 terre ultra dictas modiatas triginta, totum illud et terras omnes intra dictos confines contentas ultra modiatas triginta propter grata et accepta servicia per te domui nostre prestita tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus per inperpetuum invicem deliberato consilio de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia conferimus, concedimus et donamus sic quod pro dictis modiatis terre triginta et pro terris illis omnibus que intra dictos sunt confines ultra modiatas terre triginta, tu et tui [heredes et successores] et alii ad quos dicte terre pervenerint non teneamini solvere nisi censum predictum solidorum sexaginta. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra predicta aut eorum aliquo[d] aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die prima mensis Augusti anno quinto. [77] Rhodes, 23 August 1365. The Master pardons Anthonius Raynerii alias Bartaquina who with a sword killed Cali, widow of Nicola Gripiati who was an inhabitant of  Diopassadas in the Castellany of Rhodes; Anthonius was captured by our curia and exiled to Kos for a period not yet complete; his sentence is remitted at the request of Fr. Nicolas Soulier, Prior of the Convent, and he may return to live in Rhodes. [Malta 319, f. 266v (270v)]. 3 Ms: dirat. 4  Sic, possibly for plancam, a board or slab. 5 Ms: alienendi. 6 Ms: permutendi. 7 Ms: pno. 8 Ms: sine.

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Frater Raymundus Berengarii etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Anthonio Raynerii alias dicto Bartaquina salutem in Domino. Exhibita nobis pro1 parte tua supplicatio continuit quod tu maligno spiritu ductus Cali relictam2 condam Nicole Gripiati habitat(oris)3 in Diopassadas4 castellanie nostre Rodi cum gladio aliquibus ictibus vulnerasti, unde ei subsecuta fuit mors, quodque tu5 propterea per curiam nostram captus, quia iuxta dictum medicorum et cirurgicorum propter negligenciam et malam suam custodiam non aquiescens eorundem medicorum et cirurgicorum consilio ipsa Cali mortua fuit, per iudicem dicte nostre curie sententialiter in exilium fuisti missus ad certum tempus quod nondum est completum ad nostram insulam Lengonensem, subiuncto suppliciter ut tibi tuisque uxori et filiis benigne compatientes dictam noxam indulgere et tempus exilii predictum tibi remitere misericorditer dignaremur. Nos vero tue humili supplicacioni predicte pia compassione deflexi quia sanctius est nocentem salvare6 quam insontem dampnare, et ad supplicationis instanciam religiosi in Christo carissimi fratris Nicolai de Solerio domus eiusdem prioris ecclesie conventus nostri Rodi noxam predictam de consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri nobis assistencium in hac parte tibi misericorditer indulgemus, remitentes tibi hac serie de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia tempus exilii premissum ac omnem accionem quam dicta nostra curia propter mortem predictam adversus te habet seu imposterum posset habere, unde decetero quando volueris ad Rodum venias, ut consuevisti, moraturus securus in illo. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra presentes nostras indulgenciam et remissionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illas studeant inviolabiliter observare. Data Rodi die xxiii Augusti anno quinto. [78] Rhodes, 28 August 1365. The Master pardons Georgius Stelee who, while riding a horse in the casale of Sinodocto at the place called Pollicastro, killed Cali, an inhabitant of that casale; he may reside in the city and island of Rhodes. [Malta 319, f. 266v –267 (270v –271)]. Frater Raymundus Berengarii Dei gratia etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Georgio Stelee salutem in Domino. Humilis supplicatio pro parte tua nobis facta continuit quod excitatore scandalorum procurante tu cum quodam equo quem equitabas per casale de Sinodocto insule nostre Rodi in loco vocato Pollicastro currens1 in Cali habitatricem eiusdem casalis invite irruisti, ex quo eidem mors 1 Ms: per. 2 Ms: relictat. 3 Or habitat(ricem)? 4  Cf. [42 n. 1]. 5 Ms: tua. 6 Ms: salviare. 1 Ms: curreas.

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extitit subsecuta, subiuncto suppliciter ut de hac noxa tibi indulgere misericorditer dignaremur. Nos vero tue humili supplicacioni in hac parte deflexi, quia sancius est nocentem salvare2 quam insontem dampnare et maxime quia dictus casus contra voluntatem tuam accidentaliter tibi contingit, idcirco de consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte noxam premissam tibi perpetuo misericorditer indulgemus, remitentes tibi de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia omnem actionem quam adversus te habet propterea seu imposterum posset habere curia nostri Rodi. Quamobrem ad civitatem [et] insulam nostram Rodi sine formidine venias habitaturus decetero securus in illis. [Mandantes] sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentes nostras indulgenciam et remissionem aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illas studeant inviolabiliter observare. Data Rodi die xxviii mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini mo ccco lxv. [79] Rhodes, 26 September 1365. The Master quits Fr. Hugo Raymundi for 40 gold florins owed as responsions for the casale of Kalamonas for the year ending 31 August 1365. [Malta 319, f. 267v (271v)]. Noverint universi et singuli presentem apodixiam visuri et pariter audituri quod nos frater Raymondus Berengarii etc. confitemur hac serie et in verbo veritatis recognocimus nos habuisse et realiter recepisse a religioso etc. fratre Hugone Raymundi domus eiusdem quadraginta florenos auri quos ipse nobis dare tenebatur pro responsione tali casalis nostri de Calamona pro anno Incarnacionis Domini mo ccco sexagesimo quinto finito per totum mensem Augusti proximo preteritum. De quibusquidem quadraginta florenis prefatum fratrem Hugonem eiusque bona et arnesia hac serie quitamus. Data Rodi die xxvi mensis Septenbris anno quinto. [80] Rhodes, 8 November 1365. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at six aspers of Rhodes a year to Manoli de Botrono and his heirs three modiates of land in the contrata of Gematico, bordered on one side by a stream, and on another by papas Ianni Scardena, and around it runs the road to Saint Ilias, and it is bordered on another side by a road to the church called Gematico. [Malta 319, f. 293 (296)]. Frater Raymundus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Manoli de Botrono1 salutem in Domino. Atendentes quod nos et domus nostra habemus modiatas terre tres sitas et positas in contrata de Gematico,2 confrontatas ab una parte cum 2 Ms: salvave. 1 Or Botrotio. 2  Probably the Gematico near Koskinou on the coast near the monastery of Saint Ilias on Cape Vodi: Sommi Picenardi, 172–3. Presumably not the Holy Trinity church at Iamatikon south-east of Psinthos which was founded later in 1407/1408: Christoforaki (1992), 131.

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flumine, ab alia parte cum papa Ianni Scardena, et circumquaque3 est via publica Sante Elye, et ab alia parte cum quadam via publica protensa seu eunte versus ecclesiam Gematico nominata[m], et si qui alii sint confines, que si in emphiteosim perpetuam donarentur esset utille nobis et nostre domui antedicte. Inde est quod eiusdem nostre domus condicionem volentes facere meliorem dictas modiatas terre tres tibi tuisque eredibus et successoribus de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte in emphyteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium de nostra certa scientia sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum de Rodo sex in festo Sante Marie mensis Augusti nobis et eidem nostre domui annis singulis exolvendo conferimus, concedimus et donamus cum potestate et licencia dictas modiatas terre tres cum onere supradicto dandi, donandi, permutandi,4 vendendi et obligandi et de eis disponendi decetero pro5 tua tuorumque heredum et successorum libera et beneplacita voluntate, laudimio tamen, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et ipsi nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes sub virtute sante obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra predictam nostram donationem6 aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo tenaciter illam servent. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die viii mensis Novembris anno lxv. [81] Rhodes, 8 November 1365. The Master quits Fr. Guinet Arnaudi, the seneschal of his household, for 210 florins for the responsions for the year ending 31 August 1365 of the casalia of Theologos at 30 florins, of  Pendia at 25, and of Laerma at 155. [Malta 319, f. 268 (272)]. Noverint universi et singuli presentem recognitionem et quitanciam visuri et audituri quod nos frater Raymundus Berengarii etc. tenore presentium confitemur et in verbo recognocimus veritatis nos habuisse et in numerata1 pecunia realiter2 recepisse a religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratre Guineto Arnaudi domus eiusdem nostri hospicii senescallo florenos ducentos et decem pro responsionibus casalium de Altoloco,3 de Pendia, de Ladremaque, videlicet pro responsione dicti casalis de Altoloco florenos triginta, et pro responsione predicti casalis de Pendia florenos viginti quinque et pro responsione prelibati casalis de Ladrema florenos centum quinquaginta quinque, quequidem parcelle sumam constituunt ducentorum et decem florenorum supradictam anni videlicet finiti die ultima mensis Augusti anni Domini mi ccci lxv subscripti. De quibus 3 Ms: circumcaque. 4 Ms: permutendi. 5 Ms: per. 6 Ms: dociatonem. 1 Ms: munera. 2 Ms: realriter. 3  Altoloco, modern Theologos.

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responsionibus seu ducentis et decem florenis contenti plenarie tanquam per nos, ut premititur, habitis et receptis eundem fratrem Guinetum eiusve bona et arnesia de nostra certa scientia liberamus tenore presentium perpetuo et quitamus. In cuius rey testimonium presentem recognitionem et quitanciam dicto fratri Guineto inde fieri fecimus sigilli nostri quo utimur inpressione munitam.4 Data Rodi die octava mensis Novembris anno sexagesimo quinto. [82] Rhodes, 15 November 1365. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at 60 aspers of Rhodes a year to Theodoros Pelicano of Lindos and his heirs the mill called Mirtia he built in the casale of Kalathos with the licence of Fr. Guinet Arnaudi, then Bailiff of Rhodes and now the Master’s seneschal, and of the late Fr. Guiraud Deynie; if they were to buy two modiates of land next to the mill they would owe no census for them; the people of the casale are to retain their customary right to take the water of the casale when they need it. [Malta 319, f. 293v (296v)]. Frater Raymundus Berengarii Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Theodoro Pelicano de Lindi salutem in Domino. Defflexi tue supplicationi continenti ut molendinum unum dictum Mirtia per te factum in casali1 de Calato de licencia et voluntate fratris Guinet Arnaudi tunc baylivii insule nostre Rodi nunc vero nostri hospicii seneschalli et condam fratris Guiraudi Deynie tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus cum modiatis2 terre duabus francis si illas te aut dictos tuos heredes et successores contingat emere prope dictum molendinum de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia per imperpetuum concedere dignaremur molendinum predictum sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum sexaginta in festo Sante Marie mensis Augusti per te dictosque tuos heredes et successores nobis et eidem nostre domui annis singulis solvendorum et dictas duas modiatas terre francas et liberas, cum eas emeris aut iidem tui dicti emerint successores, de et cum voluntate, consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus per imperpetuum auctoritate presencium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia conferimus, concedimus et donamus cum licencia, potestate et auctoritate dictum molendinum et duas terre modiatas predictas dandi, donandi, vendendi, permutandi et alienandi et de illis alias disponendi pro tua tuorumque dictorum heredum et successorum libera voluntate, tamen cum onere supradicto, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et ipsi nostre domui insuper specialiter reservatis. Retentoque in gratia huiusmodi quod habitatores et gentes casalis predicti aquam casalis ipsius possint recipere, cum opus eis erit, ut eam recipere consueverunt. Mandantes sub virtute sante obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis 4 The Master is using his wax seal. 1 Ms: casalia. 2 Ms: modiatas.

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existant, ne contra predictam nostram concessionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo perpetuis temporibus efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die xv mensis Novenbris anno quinto. [83] Rhodes, 31 December 1365. The Master quits Fr. Bertrin de Gagnac, Commander of Noarrieu and of Pécorade and Castellan of the Castellanies of Filerimos and Feraklos, for monies, grain, wine, beasts and sugar, and also for other incomes from those castellanies which were due to the Master and which Fr. Bertrin had, on the Master’s orders, assigned to Fr. Guillermus Martini and Fr. Guillermus de Vilanis. [Malta 319, f. 39v –40 (45v –46)]. Noverint universi et singuli quod nos frater Raymundus Berengarii Dei gratia etc. tenore presentis quitancie confitemur et in verbo recognoscimus veritatis quod religiosus in Christo nobis carissimus frater Bertrinus de Ganiaco domus eiusdem preceptor de Norrino et de Pera Pecorada ac castellanus castellaniarum Filhermi et Feracloni de pecuniis, bladis, vinis, bestiariis, çucaro et de omnibus et singulis aliis rebus, iuribus et redditibus, obvencionibus et proventibus castellaniarum predictarum nobis quomodocunque et qualitercunque spectantibus et pertinentibus pervenire per eum aut alium vel alios pro eodem in dictis castellaniis et racione earum necnon de restis omnibus et singulis castellaniarum earundem per dictum fratrem Bertrinum de mandato nostro fratribus Guillermo Martini et Guillermo1 de Vilanis assignatis a die qua prefuit administracioni et regimini castellaniarum prefatarum usque in diem presentem subscriptum nobis posuit bonum et legale computum et veram racionem et nobis restituit integre et ad plenum omnia et singula que per eum restituenda de predictis nobis erant. De quoquidem computo contenti plenarie ipsumque bonum et legalem reputantes premissum fratrem Bertrinum et eius arnesia presencia et futura liberamus tenore presencium perpetuo et quitamus de omnibus et singulis supradictis. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die ultima mensis Decembris anno lxv. [84] Rhodes, 31 December 1365. The Master quits Fr. Raymundus de Maniliis for 55 florins for the responsions of Artamitis and its appurtenances for the year ending 31 August 1365. [Malta 319, f. 270 (274)]. Nos frater Raymundus Berengarii etc. tenore presentis apodixe recognocimus et fatemur nos habuisse et recepisse a fratre Raymundo de Maniliis florenos quinquaginta quinque pro responsione del Artimite1 et pertinenciarum eius anni Domini finiti per totum mensem Augusti anni Domini millesimi trecentesimi sexagesimi quinti proximo preteriti. De quibusquidem florenis contenti plenarie et bene pacati eundem fratrem Raymundum et eius arnesia liberamus

1 Ms: Martino before correction. 1 The former monastery of Artamitis [69].

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presencium serie perpetuo et quitamus. In cuius rey testimonium presentem recognitionem et quitanciam predicto fratri Raymundo inde fieri fecimus sigilli nostri inpressione munitam. Data Rodi ultima die Decembris anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo trecentesimo sexagesimo quinto. [85] [Rhodes, 1365/1366]. The Master has consulted Cazaguerra de Rossi, doctor of laws, Gugliemo de Formagariis of Pavia, judge ordinary in the Rhodian curia, and Bartolomeo de Montecatino, judge criminal, concerning doubts over the grant of the fief of the casale of Lardos to the late Folco de Vignoli and his heirs by Master Hélion de Villeneuve, which prevented the sale of the casale, which reserved the merum et mixtum imperium and the imposition of the pena sanguinis or blood punishment and which imposed the service at Folco’s own expense of an armed Latin man and an ‘armed’ packhorse both within the island and in Turquia or elsewhere [5]. Firstly, what were the obligations of Folco’s heirs and what jurisdiction they had over the men of Lardos; secondly, what obligations did the men of Lardos have to the Hospital and what powers did the Hospital have over them; thirdly, were Folco and his heirs bound to serve with an armed Latin man and ‘armed’ packhorse in addition to their own personal service? They declare firstly that Folco’s heirs had jurisdiction only in civil and pecuniary actions involving inhabitants of the casale or in cases in which someone outside the casale brought accusations against one or more inhabitants of the casale; in criminal cases, they have jurisdiction only over verbal or physical altercations not involving bodily injury which were punishable by light fines; they have no powers of corporal punishment or imprisonment; other crimes incurring the pena sanguinis or heavy fines are reserved to the Hospital. Secondly, the men of the casale owed no service outside the casale except in constructing bridges, roads in daily use and fortifications of the castle in which in case of necessity and for the defence of the island they were accustomed to take refuge. They were to owe these duties together with the men of nearby places; the villani of the castle who failed in their guard duty were to be punished by the Hospital. Thirdly, Folco’s heirs were to maintain an armed Latin man and an ‘armed’ horse and to ‘guard’ the casale of Lardos and, when required, the armed man was to serve the Hospital where instructed ‘as contained in the privilege’. [Malta 319, f. 326–326v (328–328v)]. Cum reverendissimus in Christo pater et dominus dominus frater Raymundus Berengarii Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Santi Iohannis Ierosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos nobis Caçaguerre de Rubeis de Prima,1 legum doctori, Guillermo de Formagariis de Papia, iudici ordinario curie Rodi, et Bartholomeo de Monte Catino, iudici maleficiorum, aliqua dubia que oriri poterant ex quibusdam verbis insertis cuidam privilegio2 certi feudi concessi condam magistro Fulconi de Vignolo et heredibus per reverendum tunc dominum magistrum et conventum sante religionis predicte, 1  Sic for Parma? 2 The text that follows is not identical to [3] or [5].

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comiserit3 declaranda, quorumquidem verborum privilegii prefati ex quibus dubitatio oriri potest, series talis est: Frater Elyonus de Villanova etc. eidem magistro Fulconi tanquam digno et benemerito presenti et recipienti pro se et suis heredibus per imperpetuum dictum casale de Lardo cum terris cultis et incul[t]is, pascuis, fontibus, aquis, molendinis, nemoribus,4 vallibus,5 montibus6 et quibuscunque aliis possessionibus, hominibus, servis, villanis, iuribus, rationibus, pertinenciis et appendentiis universis ad ipsum casale pertinentibus donamus, affeudamus et tradimus in feudum nobilem etc., salvo quod idem magister7 Fulco et heredes sui non possint dictum casale vendere etc., salvis eciam et nobis retentis in dicto casali et eius pertinenciis mero et mixto imperio et quacunque pena sanguinis etc. Pro quoquidem casali ipse magister Fulco et heredes sui post ipsum teneantur et debeant dare et solvere etc. et ad deffensionem et custodiam dicte insule Rodi servire ad expensas suas de uno homine latino et uno roncino armorum armatis bonis et sufficientibus infra ipsam insulam et extra in Turquia vel alibi quo ibit exercitus Hospitalis quando et quociens opus fuerit et per nos super hoc fuerint requisiti etc. Ex quibusquidem verbis plura in dubium vertebantur: Primo, in quibus se habeant intromitere heredes condam dicti magistri Fulconis et quam et qualem iurisdictionem habere debeant in hominibus c­ asalis de Lardo feudi predicti. Secundo, ad que onera teneantur homines dicti casalis sante religioni prefate et quam iurisdictionem habeat8 prefata santa religio in eosdem. Tertio, an dictus condam magister Fulco et heredes de uno homine latino et de equo armatis extra eorum personam prefate religioni servire teneantur. Quequidem dubia nos prefati in hunc modum diximus declaranda: Primo enim declaramus et respondemus ad primum quod heredes dicti magistri Fulconis habent solum cognitionem in causis civilibus et pecuniariis vertentibus inter ipsos vel eciam si [a]liquis extraneus9 peteret ab eisdem vel eorum aliquo. In criminalibus vero non nisi in levibus, videlicet in verborum altercatione et levibus percussionibus in quibus de iure levis condempnatio pecuniaria sequi posset;10 et intelligantur leves percussiones ubi decapillacio, percussio sine livore magno, sanguinis effusione modica nasi et iniuriis similibus et non ascendant ultra bizancios x aplicandos eisdem. Aliquam vero penam corporalem  3 Ms: comiserint.  4 Ms: memoribus.  5 Ms: valdibus.  6 Ms: nontibus.  7 Ms: magistro.  8 Ms: habeant.  9 Ms: extrameus. 10 Ms: possent.

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nisi carceris imponendi potestatem non habent. In ceteris aliis criminibus in quibus pena sanguinis imponenda veniret seu alia corporalis vel etiam gravis pecuniaria, Hospitalis dominio vindicta, ultio et cognitio reservetur. Ad secundum, videlicet ad que onera teneantur homines predicti casalis, respondetur quod non tenentur ad aliqua onera extra casale predictum nisi ad constructionem poncium et viarum publicarum per quas cotidie transitum habent et fortiliciarum castri ad quod in casu necessitatis et ad custodiam insule consuetum haberent refugium. Et in hiis oneribus pariter debent cum aliis hominibus locorum et ibidem circumstantium agravari. Et quod villani dicti casalis defficientes in custodia quam facere tenentur et actenus facere consuerunt puniantur per dominationem religionis. Ad tertium, respondetur quod debent tenere unum hominem latinum et equum armatum prout in privilegio continentur et custodiam facere in casali de Lardo. Et si opus fuerit teneatur ire quo placuerit dominio et ei fuerit preceptum. [86] Rhodes, 1 January 1366. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at nine aspers a year to Georgius Strapiri and his heirs two modiates of land, partly vines and partly not vines, in the contrata of Stanbrotio in the casale of Apolakkia, bordered on one side by the road to the mills and to Siana, on another side by the vines of papas Costa, on another by those of diaconus Changari, and on another by lands of the Hospital. [Malta 319, f. 293 (296)]. Frater Raymundus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Georgio Strapiri salutem in Domino. Attendentes quod si modiatas terre duas partim vineatas et partim non vineatas sitas in contrata dicta Stanbrotio casalis nostri de Poloquia, confrontatas ab una parte cum via qua itur ad molendina et ad Siana, ab alia parte cum vinea papa Costa, ab alia parte cum vinea diaconi Changari et ab alia parte cum terris domus nostre, in emphyteosim perpetuam donarentur esset accomodum nobis et nostre domui prelibate. Idcirco domus nostre condicionem cupientes in quibus decenter possumus fieri meliorem dictas duas modiatas terre tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus de consilio fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte in emphyteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium conferimus, concedimus et donamus sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum novem per te dictosque tuos heredes et successores nobis et ipsi nostre domui in festo Sante Marie mensis Augusti anno quolibet solvendorum, laudimioque, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et eidem nostre domui insuper specialiter reservatis. Concedentes tibi dictisque tuis heredibus et successoribus hac serie licenciam, potestatem et auctoritatem dictas duas modiatas terre decetero dandi, donandi, vendendi et alienandi1 et de illis pro tua et eorundem tuorum heredum et sucessorum voluntate libera disponendi. Mandantes sub virtute sante obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra presentem nostram gratiam 1 Ms: alienendi.

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aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die prima mensis Ianuarii anno sexagesimo quinto. [87] Rhodes, 15 January [1366].1 The Master orders Fr. Arnau Guitart, Commander of Mas Deu and Castelló d’Empuries, and Fr. Pere Tolon, Magistral chaplain, prior of Santa Maria de Muntanyana and Commander of Barcelona, not to rent the Commanderies of Mallorca, Sant Llorenç de les Arenes and Puig-Reig, formerly held by Vidal Alquer who is imprisoned in fossa at Lindos on account of his crimes. [Malta 319, f. 131 (137)]. Frater Raymundus Berengarii etc. fratri[bus] Arnaudo Guitardi Mansidei et Castilionis Impuriarum et Petro Toloni capellano nostro ac priori Sancte Marie de Montanhana et Barchinonensis domus eiusdem preceptoribus et cuilibet eorum insolidum salutem etc. Ut satis arrendandi preceptorias Maioricarum et Santi Laurencii Arenarum et Podii Regii certo modo per nostras patentes litteras certam vobis fecimus comissionem, cumque post purgationem factam per Vitalem Alquerii2 de execrabili sibi obiecto crimine aut verius acusato, idem Vitalis instigante diabolo in eodem recidivavit peccato, propter quod ipsum duci fecimus per iusticiam domus nostre et apud Lindi prout meruit in fossa recludi, qua de causa preceptorie predicte Maioricarum et Santi Laurencii Arenarum et Podii Regii ad disposicionem nostram sunt totaliter devolute, ob quod comissio facta vobis arrendandi preceptorias easdem nullius est et esse censemus efficacie vel valoris. Quamobrem vobis et vestrum cuilibet precipiendo mandamus expresse quatenus preceptorias prefatas nemini arrendetis donec aliud a nobis habueritis in mandatis. Et si forte ante receptionem presentium litterarum eas aut earum aliquam arrendaveritis, arrendacionem de eis vel de ea factam curetis retractari facere seu eciam revocari. Data Rodi die quintadecima Ianuarii. [88] Rhodes, 15 February 1366. The Master and Convent accept a supplication from Jamon, Johanot, Guillelm, Déodat, Joya and Margarita, serfs of the Hospital and children of the late Richardon Boeuf and his wife Sofia, serfs of the Hospital in the casale of Villanova; Richardon was a francus homo from Provence who in the time of Master Fr. Hélion de Villeneuve, having wandered across the world, came to Rhodes where that Master ordered him to reside in the casale of Villanova as a sargentus, performing the servicium sargenti, and there with Villeneuve’s permission he married Sofia, a serf of the Hospital, with the Master’s promise that all his children should be franci and be baptized as the children of a francus; but Richardon neglected to secure this promise in writing so the children, as their father was a francus homo and a Provençal and as they were baptized according to the mos francorum and the Roman church, are freed from serfdom together with their descendants in perpetuity. [Malta 319, f. 272 (276): ed. Richard, 280–2]. 1 The immediately preceding document in the register was dated 18 November 1365. 2  Fr.Vidal Alquer, the deposed Prior of Catalunya: Delaville (1913), 171–2.

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Frater Raymundus etc. et nos conventus domus eiusdem dilectis nobis in Christo Iamono, Iohannoto, Guillelmo et Deodato servis ac Ioye et Margarite servabus nostris et nostre dicte domus filiisque et filiabus condam Richardoni Bouis et Sofie nostre et domus nostre serve casalis de Villanova salutem etc. Sicut supplicatio vestra nobis exhibita continuit, dictus condam Richardonus pater vester francus homo fuit et de provincia Provincie oriundus et per mundum discurrens, sicut fortuna produxit, tempore bone memorie domini fratris Elyoni de Villanova dicte sacre domus magistri antecessoris nostri prelibati magistri venit ad Rodum et de ordinacione et mandato antecessoris prefati ad casale predictum Villenove se moraturum contulit pro sargento et ibidem servicium sargenti exercendo, de licencia, conssensu et voluntate predicti fratris Elyoni tunc magistri predictus Richardonus pater vester premissam Sofiam matrem vestram servam nostram ducxit in uxorem, et tunc dictus condam dominus Elyonus ei promisit quod omnes sui filii essent franci et france, et propterea fuistis more francorum et ut filii hominis franci omnes baptizati. Cumque nominatus vester pater ex incuria et negligencia a dicto condam fratre Elyono manumissionis et libertatis vestre habere litteram non curavit, supplicastis nobis humiliter ut dicti condam patris vestri negligenciam non atenta sed pocius ad promissionem predictam recolende memorie domini fratris Elyoni patri vestro factam cum duxit in uxorem dictam vestram matrem, et quia1 idem vester pater francus homo fuit et Provincialis et quia2 eratis secundum morem francorum et sacrosante Romane ecclesie baptizati, consideracione reflexa erga vos dignarentur misericorditer pietatis vicera aperi[r]e ac vos et vestrum quemlibet et quamlibet et descendentes ex vobis et vestrum altero et altera per inperpetuum manumitere francosque et francas facere de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia per nostras litteras oportunas. Sane quia predicta omnia in vestra prefata expositione contenta plurium fidedignorum certa et asertiva relatione constiterunt nobis fore vera, promissioni predicte per prefatum condam dominum fratrem Elyonum facta3 dicto patri vestro cum premissam vestram matrem sibi matrimonialiter copulavit, honorificencia debita, ut tenemur et meruit, deferentes, et quia ex franco patre estis geniti et ut franci baptizati, nec minus quia exemplum salutiferum Redemptoris nostri et Domini Domini Ihesu Christi qui de superna arce ad mundi huius infima, ut nos a servitute, qua suberamus diabolo, liberaret, descendere est dignatus, ad compasciendum vestre calamitati et ad agendum vobiscum clementer nos hatrahit et inducit, premissorum considerationibus nos erga vos clementer habentes vos Iamonum et Iohanotum, Guillelmum et Deodatum ac Ioyam et Margaritam predictos et predictas et vestrum quemlibet et quamlibet et omnes et singulos ex vobis et vestrum altero seu altera et ex ipsis postea successive perpetuo descendentes

1 Ms: quod. 2 Ms: quod. 3 Ms: factam.

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invicem deliberato consilio auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia ab omni servitutis4 nexu et servili qua et quo nobis et ipsi nostre domui tenebamini et tenemini, manumitimus, liberamus et absolvimus ac francos et francas civesque Romanos efficimus et omne servitutis vestre peculium vobis et vestrum cuilibet tenore presencium relaxamus. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie universis et singulis fratribus domus [nostre] presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra predictam nostram manumissionem, libertatem, remissionem et gratiam aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo perpetuis temporibus efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die quindecima mensis Febroarii anno lxv. [89] Rhodes, 18 February 1366. The Master confirms an arrangement by which Fr. Raymond Guillaume de Susio, Commander of Nom Dieu, has loaned Fr. Bertrin de Gagnac, Commander of Noarrieu and Pécorade, 200 florins on the security of the incomes from vines and other goods which had belonged to a certain Leoparda and which Fr. Bertrin holds in Damatria; if Fr. Bertrin should return from the West he may recover his possessions once his debt has been satisfied but otherwise they will pass to Fr. Raymond for his lifetime. [Malta 319, f. 270v –271 (274v –275)]. Nos frater Raymundus etc. universis et singulis visuris et audituris presentes facimus tenore presencium manifestum quod religiosi etc. fratres Raymundus Guillermi de Susio Nominis Dei1 et Bertrinus de Ganiaco de Norrino et de Peyrapecorada domus eiusdem preceptores in nostra presencia constituti, dictus frater Raymundus, presente et audiente prefato fratre Bertrino, dixit et proposuit quod si de nostra licencia procederet et beneplacita voluntate ipse mutuaverat eidem fratri Bertrino florenos ducentos supra vineas et bona alia que dictus frater Bertrinus tenebat et habebat in Damatria, quequidem vinee et bona fuerunt de Leoparda, tali forma et modo, videlicet quod de fructibus dictarum vinearum et bonorum aliorum satisfieri debeat dicto fratri Raymundo de florenis ducentis prefatis, quodque si predictus frater Bertrinus ad Rodum redea[t], dictas et dicta vineas et bona recuperare possit et debeat, cum de dictis ducentis florenis nominato fratri Raymundo fuerit satisfactum, rursumque, si antequam idem frater Bertrinus de ultramarinis partibus ad Rodum redire contingat, aliud de eo humanitus seu ipsum naturale debitum solvere accidat, predicte et predicta vinee et bona sint et esse debeant prelibati fratris Raymundi toto tempore vite sue. Et per dictum fratrem Raymundum, verbis fine facto, dictus frater Bertrinus dixit predicta omnia esse vera et eis consenciebat et asenciebat. Et tunc ambo nobis humiliter supplicarunt ut super predictis nostram eis elargiri licenciam dignaremur. Quorum supplicationi annuentes eisdem fratribus licenciam concesimus et per presentes concedimus superius postulatam et predicta omnia

4 Ms: servitute. 1  Nom Dieu in the Priory of Toulouse.

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habere volumus pleni roboris firmitatem tanquam facta de nostra licencia et de nostra beneplacita voluntate. Data Rodi die xviii Febroarii anno quinto. [90] Rhodes, 1 April 1366. The Master and Convent confirm to Vestiariti Mirodi, burgensis of Rhodes, and his heirs their possession of the monasterium of Santa Maura which he had founded and built in the contrata of Quiparissi in the Castellany of Rhodes with the church of Saint Solas, with two curtes situated between the monasterium and the church, and with hospicia alta et bassa and cells adjoining both monasterium and church, the whole being bordered on one side by the hospicia and garden of Sevastos and by the garden of the heirs of Efgueniano, on another side by the garden of the heirs of Efgueniano and on two other sides by public ways.Vestiariti had donated the monastery a garden in the contrata of Saint John of Quiporia in the Castellany of Rhodes, bordered on one side by the gardens of the late Canne de Botro and of Nicholas of Candia, on another side by the garden of Stamati tis Almarinas, on another side by the garden of papas Stephanos of the family of Aporicta, and on another side by a public way. Vestiariti also gave a vineyard in the contrata of Sotira in the same castellany, bordered by the vineyards of Michael Prematico, of Michael Burgari and of Manoli Mitilineos, and on three sides by public roads; also a hospicium altum et bassum within the borgo in the square of Saint Mary of the Borgo, bordered on one side by the hospicium of Jacopo de Bertrandis de Ancona, on another side by the hospicium of Petrus Bernardis, on another side by the magazenum of Paulo de Nigro and on another side by a public way. The annual census for all these properties is set at 10 aspers of Rhodes.The Master and Convent promise not to alienate all or part of these properties, notwithstanding the provision in the sacramentale made at the time of the capture of Rhodes that they could grant out vacant monasteries and churches in the town and island.Vestiariti and his heirs are to hold the properties in perpetuity with the obligation to maintain them and to appoint a chaplain and another minister. [Malta 319, f. 296v –297 (299v –300): ed. Luttrell (1987), 370–2, from uncorrected proofs; and summarised idem (1999), III 221–2, both here emended]. Frater Raymundus etc. et nos conventus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Vestiariti Mirodi burgensi nostro Rodi salutem etc. Dum merita laudabilium et acceptorum serviciorum vestrorum nostre domui per vos a longo citra tempore prestitorum1 devotione fideli ad aciem mentis nostre credimus supplicationibus vestris in quibus possumus favorabiliter inclinamur. Igitur monasterium Sante Maure2 situm et positum in castellania nostra Rodi in contrata de Quiparissi cum ecclesia nominata Ayos Solas et cum duabus curtibus sitis et positis inter dictum monasterium et ecclesiam prefatam ac cum hospiciis altis et bassis, domuncullis sive cellis tam eiusdem monasterii quam ecclesie supradicte omnibus ad invicem continguis, confrontatis a parte unacum hospiciis et iardino Sevastis et cum iardino heredum de Efgueniano, ab alia parte cum iardino

1 Ms: prestitotorum. 2  Probably the Sancta Maura just outside the town which was destroyed in 1480: Malta 76, f. 62–62v.

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dictorum heredum de Efgueniano, et a duabus partibus cum viis publicis, per vos constructum, fundatum et hedificatum ob3 honoris reverenciam et devocionem quam habetis ad dictam beatam Mauram, habendum, tenendum, regendum, gubernandum et meliorandum per vos vestrosque heredes et successores inperpetuum, invicem deliberato consilio vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia perpetuo confirmamus. Necnon habentes4 gratam et placidam piam donacionem et cessionem per vos factam monasterio supradicto de iardino uno sito et posito in castellania nostra Rodi in contrata Sancti Iohannis de Quiporia, confrontato ab una parte cum iardinis condam Canne de Botro et Nicolay de Candia, ab alia parte cum iardino de Stamati tis Almarinas, ab alia parte cum iardino pape Stephani generis de Aporicta, et ab alia parte cum via publica. Item vinea una sita et posita in castellania predicta in contrata de Sotira, confrontata ab una parte cum vineis Michaelis Pnematico et Michaelis Burgari et Manoli Mitilineos, et a tribus partibus cum via publica, vel si qui alii sint confines. Item de hospicio uno alto et basso sito et posito intra burgum nostrum5 Rodi in platea Sante Marie burgi Rodi, confrontato ab una parte cum hospicio Iacobi de Bertrandis de Ancona, et ab alia parte cum hospicio Petri Bernardis, ab alia parte cum magazeno Pauli de Nigro, et ab alia parte cum via publica. Donacionem ipsam et cessionem invicem deliberato consilio auctoritate presencium vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus perpetuo etiam confirmamus de nostra certa sciencia et gratia speciali ac predictos iardinum, vineam et hospicium monasterio supradicto hac serie iniungimus, annectimus perpetuo et unimus sub annuo canone sive censu asperorum de Rodo decem in festo Sante Marie mensis Augusti pro dictis monasterio, iardino, vinea et hospicio annis singulis nostre domui infallibiliter solvendorum, incluso tamen in dictis decem asperis censu antiquo qui pro eisdem monasterio, ecclesia, iardino, vinea et hospicio consuevit exsolvi, sicut et taliter quod prefatum monasterium cum dicta ecclesia nominata Ayos Solas et cum dictis curtibus ac cum ho[s] piciis, domunculis sive cellis supradictis nec suprascript(a) iardenum, vinea6 et hospicium seu eorum vel earum pars aliqua per nos aut succesores nostros nullo unquam tempore dari aut per quemquam vendi, dari, alienari, obligari seu unum ab alio separari valeat quoquomodo, non obstante eo quod cavetur in sacramentali facto in captione insule nostre Rodi quod donaciones monesteriorum et ecclesiarum vacantium in civitate et insula nostra Rodi ad magistrum nostre dicte domus debeant pertinere. Necnon quod dictum monasterium unacum dicta ecclesia ac cum iardeno, vinea, hospicio et rebus aliis supradictis teneri, regi et gubernari debeat per vos dum vixeritis et post vitam vestram per heredes et succesores vestros a vobis per inperpetuum descendentes, et quod 3 Ms: ab. 4 Ms: habendes. 5 Ms: nostrum repeated. 6 Ms: vineam.

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vos et ipsi vestri heredes et succesores per inperpetuum teneamini et teneantur de fructibus, redditibus et proventibus et obventionibus monasterii prefati et dicte ecclesie ac iardeni, vinee et hospicii supradictorum monasterium ipsum cum dictis ecclesia, hospiciis, domunculis sive cellis manutenere, reparare et reformare et de necesesariis7 providere, et quod pos(s)itis in eisdem monasterio et ecclesia pro vestro vestrorumque heredum et succesorum libero arbitrio et beneplacita voluntate capellanum et ministrum alium quem volueritis semel et pluries deputare et pariter ordinare. Mandantes sub virtute sante obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra presentem nostram confirmacionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die prima mensis Aprilis anno sexagesimo sexto. [91] Rhodes, 10 May 1366. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at 2 aspers and 3 denarii of Rhodes a year to his squire and familiaris, Nicola of Corinth, and to his heirs goods once belonging to Michali Barberii, condemned for heresy by Guillermus Archbishop of Rhodes and buried in sand; the goods consist of a vine and an adjoining property in the contrata of Saint Ilias, bordered on one side by the property of Petrus Bermundi, on another by that of Nicola Luca, on another by properties of Theodoros Peleci and Georgius Tripardi, and on another by the land of the Hospital, together with a hospicium altum et bassum in the contrata of Saint Athanasius in the town of Rhodes, bordered on one side by the public way, on another side by the hospicium of Maria Vagueni, on another by the hospicium of Maria Misquena and on another by the church of Saint John Bucadane; Nicola is also granted all Michali’s other goods. [Malta 319, f. 307 (310)]. Frater Raymundus etc. discreto viro Nicole de Corinto scutifero et familiari nostro dilecto salutem in Domino. Tuis pluribus et diversis gratis et acceptis serviciis tam citra quam ultra mare per te nobis et nostre domui fideli diligentia prestitis digna relatione in quibus modo bono possumus respondere volentes inducimur ad exaudiendum te favorabiliter in petitionibus tuis. Quia igitur per iurisperitos nostros Rodi nobis intelligi datum est quod bona omnia condam Michali Barberii in heretico erore defuncti et de mandato et sentencia reverendi patris domini Guillermi Dei gratia archiepiscopi Colocensis alias Rodi propterea in sabulo sepulti tanquam heretic(i) ad donationem et disposicionem nostram sunt devoluta propter errorem premissum, idcirco vineam unam et terram unam continguas dicti condam Michali sitas et positas in contrata Santi Elye1 insule nostre Rodi, confrontatas ab una parte cum possessione Petri 7  Sic. 1 Ms: Sante Elye. Conceivably the Profitis Ilias south of Archangelos, since the neighbour Theodoros Peleci was possibly the Theodoros Pelicano of Lindos who built a mill in the nearby casale of Kalathos [82].

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Bermundi, et ab alia cum possessione Nicole Luca, ab alia cum possessionibus Theodori Peleci et Georgii Tripardi, et ab alia parte cum terris domus nostre, et eciam hospicium unum altum et bassum dicti condam Michali situm et positum in civitate nostra2 Rodi in contrata Santi Athanasii, confrontatum ab una parte cum via publica, ab alia parte cum hospicio Marie Vagueni, ab alia cum hospitio Marie Misquena et ab alia parte cum ecclesia Santi Iohannis Bucadane,3 cum omnibus et singulis tam dictarum vinee et terre quam hospicii suprascripti pertinentiis et iuribus universis ac introitibus et exitibus suis usque in vias publicas, ac eciam cum omnibus et singulis aliis bonis que fuerunt dicti condam Michali tempore mortis sue, si et prout ipse illa tenebat et habebat, habendum, tenendum et possidendum sub annuo canone sive censu duorum asperorum de Rodo et denariorum trium nobis et nostre domui annis singulis per totum mensem Augusti infalibiliter solvendorum de consilio et assensu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus in emphyteosim perpetuam auctoritate presencium conferimus, concedimus et donamus cum licencia et potestate plena tibi et eisdem tuis heredibus et successoribus hiis presentibus atributa premissas vineam et terram et4 supradicta hospicium et bona dandi, vendendi, alienandi, obligandi et de illis alias disponendi pro tuo et eorundem heredum et successorum tuorum libero arbitrio et beneplacita voluntate, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes sub virtute sante obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram donacionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die x mensis Maii anno lxvi. [92] [Rhodes, 15 May 1366]. [The Master] frees as franci a group of slaves. [Malta 319, f. 295 (298): ed. Luttrell (1982), VI 96, here revised]. Item sub tenore inmediate prescripto1 et sub eadem data et anno Georgius Guillermi, Petrus Sullemne, Martinus Cousan, Iohannes Auguat, Iohannes Brachierii, et Bertrandus Saguat, Iohannes Ysob, Georgius Asfan, Iohannes Caloguero et Holamis cum uxore et filiis suis,2 Guillermo Iacob, Ferrandus 2 Ms: nostre. 3  Probably Saint John Chrysostomos near the Saint Athanasius Gate: Luttrell (2003), 132, 263. 4 Ms: a. 1  The previous document at f. 294v (297v) of 15 May 1366 freed the Order’s sclavus Antonius Ysmailh, who had been held in captivity vinculo servitutis, with the marginal, and unusual, insertion conpetens stipendium tibi dando. That this group of male slaves worked in the country rather than the town is an assumption. 2 The words et Holamis cum uxore et filiis suis were added at the end of the text and inserted with a sign between Johannes and Caloguero, but it makes better sense to place the phrase, entirely hypothetically, after Caloguero.

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Yacxi, Martinus Ysmailh, Bernardus Orouggaichi et A[na]stasius maraclerius sclavi fuerunt manumissi et facti liberi atque franci. [93] Rhodes, 15 May 1366.The Master grants Fr. Hugo Raymundi the casale of Kalamonas for 10 years at annual responsions of 40 florins; if before then he receives a baiulia or other chabimentum or promotion he is to resign the casale. [Malta 319, f. 301v (304v)]. Frater Raymundus etc. fratri Hugoni Raymundi domus eiusdem salutem et sinceram etc. Portamentorum laudabilium vestrorum merita ac religionis decor et morum honestas quibus rutilare noscimini poscunt ut vobis in vestris peticionibus favorabiliter inclinemur. Igitur casale de Calamona insule nostre Rodi cum suis terris, hospiciis, vineis, molendinis ac cum omnibus et singulis suis iuribus et pertinenciis ad illud spectantibus et pertinentibus habendum, tenendum, regendum, gubernandum, augmentandum et meliorandum sub responsione annua quadraginta florenorum auri nobis aut cui voluerimus et ordinaverimus annis singulis infallibiliter exsolvenda ad decem annos a die prima mensis Septenbris anni Domini millesimi trecentesimi sexagesimi quinti proximo preteriti incoandos et extunc continuo secuturos de nostra certa scientia et speciali gracia vobis auctoritate presencium conferimus benefaciendo in eodem, concedimus et donamus sic tamen quod si infra terminum dictorum decem annorum de baiulia aliqua vobis provideatur aut chabimentum aliquod aliud vobis conferatur, concesa vobis baiulia seu aliquo chabimento inmediate predictum casale de Calamona ad manus nostras seu illius quem ordinaverimus debeatis dimitere et nos aut ipse possimus de eo ad nostrum beneplacitum ordinare. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacumque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram concesionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius tenorem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die xv mensis Madii anno sexagesimo sexto. [94] Rhodes, 15 May 1366. The Master confirms to Fr. Hugo Raymundi the incomes of a vineyard and also the adjacent hospicium and clausum or enclosure at Diapassadas transferred under certain conditions to Fr. Hugo by Fr. Raymond de Lescure, Commander of La Chappelle, at Avignon on 29 August 1365. [Malta 319, f. 306 (309)]. Frater Raymundus etc. fratri Hugoni Raymundi salutem etc. Quotiens vestrorum portamentorum laudabilium merita et morum honestas ac decor virtutum aliarum multiplicium quibus vos superna clementia insignavit deveniunt ad aciem mentis nostre libenter inducitur noster animus ut vos exaudiat in vestris peticionibus favorabiliter et benigne. Igitur donationem et cessionem per religiosum in Christo nobis carissimum fratrem Raymundum de Scura domus eiusdem preceptore[m] Cappelle vobis factam de usufructibus, proventibus, 1  Cf. [42 n. 1]. 2 Ms: codam.

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redditibus et obvencionibus vinee sue cum uno hospicio et uno clauso continguis quam idem frater Raymundus habebat in insula nostra Rodi in loco dicto Diapassadas,1 ut constat nobis per quoddam2 publicum instrumentum actum anno Nativitatis Domini mo ccco lxv indictionis tercie die xxix mensis Augusti pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris et domini domini nostri Vrbani divina providentia pape quinti anno tercio ac scriptum et signatum manu et signo Petri Transuitis de Avinione clerici imperiali auctoritate notarii publici Avinione in hospicio eredum condam patris notarii eiusdem gratam habentis et placidam, donationem et cessionem ipsam de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia vobis auctoritate presencium confirmamus, si et prout et eisdem modo et forma et ad idem ipsius ac sub eisdem pactis et condicionibus quibus per dictum fratrem Raymundum vobis facta fuit et continentur in instrumento prefato. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacumque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte ne contra presentem nostram confirmationem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter [illam]3 studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die xv mensis Madii anno sexagesimo sexto. [95] Rhodes, 20 May 1366. The Master and Convent grant for life to the noble Borrello Assanti of Ischia, burgensis of Rhodes, the islands of Episkopi [Tilos] and Chalki at 200 gold florins a year; the Master reserves the superior lordship, the islands’ falcons and the rights of wreck. Borrello is to construct a stone tower having a room with a ceiling and having a water cistern on the islet of Alimnia near Chalki; he is to maintain three men to guard it while the Hospital will provide another three; he is to have the right to buy at the accustomed price half of all goods sold by the islanders but he is not to exact any service from them which had not been exacted by the Hospital in the past. [Malta 319, f. 299–299v (302–302v)]. Frater Raymundus etc. et nos conventus etc. nobili viro Borrello Assanti de Iscla burgensi nostro Rodi salutem etc. Ad illos libenter extendimus munera gratiarum eosque favoris nostri brachiis ampletamur benivola affectione qui nostris et nostre domui serviciis fideli et avido animo inherentes nostro et huiusmodi domus nostre honores et comoda in quibus possunt procurare non cessant. Grata igitur meditatione pensantes fidelia et accepta servicia per vos et vestros diu est nostre domui solicita devotione impensa vobis in petitionibus vestris, cum nobis possibilitatis se offert facultas, inclinamur quodam speciali favore. Igitur insulas nostras et dicte nostre domus de Episcopia et de Carqui cum suis pertinentiis universis ac suis redditibus, proventibus et obventionibus et iuribus quibuscunque ad eas et earum alteram spectantibus et pertinentibus ac spectare et pertinere debentibus quoquomodo habendas, tenendas, regendas, utifruendas et meliorandas sub annuo canone sive censu ducentorum florenorum auri et boni ponderis nobis prefato magistro aut cui voluerimus et mandaverimus per totum mensem Augusti annis singulis infallibiliter solvendorum, 3  Ms: illegible.

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invicem deliberato consilio de certa nostra scientia [et] gratia speciali ad vitam vestram auctoritate presentium conferimus, concedimus et donamus, salvis tamen et nobis dicto magistro specialiter reservatis superno dominio insularum predictarum et alterius earum ac falconibus omnibus insularum ipsarum tam presentibus quam futuris quos pro usu [et] delectatione nostra habere volumus nos prefatus magister, ac omni naufragio nobis prefato magistro expresse retento. Sic tamen vobis premissam facimus gratiam quod vos ad expensas vestras teneamini construere seu construi facere turrim1 unam in insula Limonie incipiendo eam construere ista estate et continuo prossequendo donec sit facta illic, videlicet ubi fratribus nostre dicte domus quos propterea illuc mitemus videbitur expedire. Que turris debet esse de totis cayribus trium cannarum in latitudine et sit in ançiça2 duabus cannis. Et debet habere turris ipsa3 cisternam unam sufficientem ad recollingendum aquam iuxta dictum fratrum premissorum quos illuc propterea transmitemus. Debet etiam esse turris ipsa4 quatuorum cannarum adminus in altitudine cum uno solerio.5 Necnon in dicto turri pro eius tota custodia vos teneamini et debeatis tenere continuo tres homines ad id aptos et domus nostre alios tres. Quodque ab hominibus, servis et villanis insularum predictarum tam presentibus quam futuris vos non exhigetis seu recipietis ultra servitia et iura per eos nostre domui exhiberi solito ab antiquo, sed de eisdem servitiis et iuribus que ab eis domus nostra consuevit habere reputabitis et tenebitis vos contentum. Ac etiam quod medietatem rerum omnium que vendentur per homines, servos aut villanos predictos seu per alios ex eis possitis vos in toto vel in parte retinere pro precio illo quod ipsi in dictis insulis possent habere pro illis ut consuevit6 retinere dicta domus nostra. Mandantes sub v[irtute] s[ancte] o[bediencie] firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio7 fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram donationem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius mentem et seriem studeant infallabiliter conservare. In cuius rey testimonium etc. Quod compleatur infra annum unum. Data Rodi die xx mensis Madii anno sexagesimo sexto. [96] Rhodes, 20 May 1366. The Master grants in emphyteusis at 30 aspers of Rhodes a year to Jani Gripioti and his heirs three modiates of land in the contrata of Aptana in the Castellany of Feraklos, bordered on one side by the lands of papas Niquita of Aptana, on another side by lands of Nicola Xatropula, and on another side by the river of Aptana; Janni, having previously been granted these lands in appaltum by Fr. Raymond de Susio Bailiff of Rhodes, has improved them. [Malta 319, f. 305–305v (308–308v)]. 1 Ms: turrum. 2  Sic: meaning width. 3 Ms: ipsi. 4 Ms: ipsi. 5 Four canne was about 8 metres; solerio may have indicated an upper storey with a ceiling which acted as the floor of a platform with parapets. 6 Ms: conservet. 7 Ms: officico.

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Frater Raymundus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Iani Gripioti salutem etc. Refferente nobis fratre Raymundo de Suxio domus eiusdem baylivo insule nostre Rodi percipimus noviter quod ipse tibi in apautum dederat ad certum tempus iam elapsum tres modiatas terre sitas et positas in castellania de Feraclou in contrata de Aptana, confrontatas ab una parte cum ter[r]is pap[e] Niquite de Aptana, et ab alia cum terris Nicole Xatropula, et ab alia cum potamo de Aptana, et si qui alii sint confines, quodque tu in dicta terra iardinum fecisti et ipsam meliorasti. Unde nobis humiliter supplicasti ut de dictis tribus modiatis terre sub certo censu tibi gratiam facere dignaremur. Nos vero labori et sudori in melioratione dicte terre per te passo benigne compassi modiatas ter[r]e tres supradictas si et prout nunc sunt cum suis iuribus, pertinenciis universis et cum suis introitibus et egressibus habendas, tenendas, possidendas et utifruendas de et cum voluntate, consilio et assenssu fratrum et procerum conventus nostri Rodi nobis assistencium in hac parte sub annuo canone sive censu triginta asperorum de Rodo, decem videlicet pro qualibet modiata, per totum mensem Augusti nobis et dicte nostre domui annis singulis solvendorum et tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia auctoritate presencium per imperpetuum conferimus, concedimus et donamus cum licencia et potestate tibi et tuis heredibus et successoribus hiis presentibus plenarie atributa modiatas terre prefatas dandi, vendendi, alienandi,1 obligandi et de eis al(iter) disponendi pro tuo ipsorumque heredum et successorum tuorum libero arbitrio et beneplacita voluntate, laudimio, iure prelationis et maiori dominio nobis et nostre domui specialiter reservatis. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra presentem nostram gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Maii anno sexagesimo sexto. [97] Rhodes, 26 May 1366. The Master and Convent grant for life at 10 gold florins a year to Fr. Guillermus de Villanis the place he already holds called Restegelas in the contrata of Palamida in the Castellany of Filerimos with vines and a hospicium, all once belonging to the late Pietro Gradenigo, miles. [Malta 319, f. 299v (302v)]. Frater Raymundus etc. et nos conventus etc. fratri Guillermo de Villanis domus eiusdem salutem etc. Merita multiplicium virtutum quibus divinitus refulgetis ac1 laudabilia portamenta in conventu nostro Rodi comendancia vos non parum ad exhibendum vobis favoris nostri gratiam nos animant2 et inducunt. Igitur locum seu possessionem dictum seu dictam Restegelas situm et positum

1 Ms: alienendi. 1 Ms: ad. 2 Ms: animatant.

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in castellania Filermi in contrada de Palamida3 insule nostre Rodi qui seu que fuit condam domini Petri Gradenica4 militis, videlicet vineam, terras et hospicium cum omnibus suis fructibus, redditibus ac iuribus et pertinenciis universis, et cum quibus illum seu illam tenuit primo dictus condam dominus Petrus dum vivebat et cum quibus eciam illum seu illam nos prefatus magister tenebamus tempore donationis huiusmodi vobis facte habendum, tenendum et utifruendum sub annuo responsione decem florenorum auri nobis prefato magistro aut cui voluerimus et ordinaverimus5 per totum mensem Augusti annis singulis infallibiliter solvendorum, invicem deliberato consilio de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia vobis ad vitam vestram auctoritate presencium conferimus, concedimus et donamus. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacumque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram donationem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius mentem et seriem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rey etc. Data Rodi die xxvi mensis Madii anno sexagesimo sexto. [98] Rhodes, 26 May 1366. The Master and Convent grant for life to Fr. Ricaud de Châteauneuf, Commander of Saint Pierre de Beaucaire, at annual responsions of 200 gold florins, the casale of Laerma in the Castellany of Feraklos which had been purchased by the late Fr. Guinet Arnaudi, seneschal of the Master’s household, together with the casalia of Guitounis and Agropilia in the same castellany, which had also belonged to Fr. Guinet. [Malta 319, f. 297v (300v)]. Frater Raymundus etc. et nos conventus etc. fratri Ricaudo de Castronovo domus eiusdem preceptori Sancti Petri de Bellicadro salutem etc. Attentis meritis laudabilium virtutum quibus vos divina gratia decoravit, ad multiplicandum in vobis favoris nostri gratiam in quibus bono modo posumus racionabiliter inclinamur. Igitur casale de Ladrema positum in castellania de Ferreclou insule nostre Rodi emptum per condam fratrem Guinetum Arnaudi domus eiusdem hospicii nostri predicti magistri senescallum et casalia de Guitounis et de Agropilla1 sita et posita in dicta castellania de Ferreclou eiusdem condam nostri senescalli et per eius obitum ad disposicionem nostram devoluta cum omnibus et singulis eorum et cuiusque eorum pertinenciis et iuribus ac fructibus, redditibus, proventibus et obvencionibus quibuscunque habenda, tenenda et utifruenda sub responsione annua ducentorum florenorum auri nobis prefato magistro aut cui voluerimus et ordinaverimus per totum mensem Augusti annis singulis infallibiliter solvendorum, invicem deliberato consilio de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia vobis auctoritate presentium ad vitam vestram 3  Palamida was in the Castellany of Trianda in 1358 [59]. 4  Presumably a Venetian Gradenigo. 5 Ms: ordinaveribus. 1  Agropilia near Laerma: Sørensen-Pentz, 143.

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conferimus, concedimus et donamus. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fulgentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram ordinacionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam iuxta eius mentem et seriem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rey etc. Data Rhodi die vicesima sexta Madii anno sexagesimo sexto. [99] Avignon, 28 September [1374]. The Master grants in fief to Giovanni Corsini of Florence and his descendants by his wife Nicoletta the casale of Dyaskoros, bordered to the east by the river called Potamo, to the west by Corsini’s lands and by his casale of Fanes, to the north by the sea and to the south by the casale of Salakos and by Corsini’s lands, reserving the meadows or marsh of the casale for the production of hay for the Hospital’s horses; Corsini is to provide the service at his expense of an armed man. [Malta 320, f. 38v –39 (47v –48)]. Frater Robertus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo et nobili viro Iohanni de Corsinis de Florencia nostro et nostre religionis amico speciali salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Grate vestre devocionis obsequia et servicia que nostre religionis predecessoribus fratribus nostris et nobis fideliter et liberaliter impendistis hactenus et assiduis laboribus impendere non cessatis indefesse, vestreque devotionis affectus grandis quam erga predecessores nostros fratres et nos gessistis et geritis prout cotidianis indiciis experimur, aliaque vestre merita probitatis quibus vos novimus insignitum, merito nos incitant et inducunt ad exhibendum vobis presidia nostre gratie fructuosa. Nos igitur vestram volentes honorare personam ut vos magis erga nos et nostram religionem reddamus animatum, quo amplius per nos vos senseritis honorari et benivolentie nostre participacione potiri, virtute literarum apostolicarum nobis direttarum per quas declaratur quod omnia que per nos hic fieri continge[n]t perinde valeant et obtineant firmitatem, ac si per conventum nostrum Rodi et ipso conventu presente facta forent, et nostro et conventus nostri nomine casale nostrum de Dyaschoro situm in insula Rodi quod infra huiusmodi confines situatur, ab una parte videlicet versus orientem cum flumine vocato Potamo, et versus occidentem cum terris vestris cum casali vestro nominato Fanes, et versus transmontanam cum mari, et versus meridiem cum terris vestris in parte et cum casali de Salhaco, et aliis si qui forent meliores et veriores confines, cum omnibus et singulis iuribus et pertinenciis suis, terris et nemoribus, campis, vineis, pratis, montibus, planiciis, pascuis, pischeriis, hospiciis, domibus et servis utriusque sexus et usu et actioni et requisitioni sibi ex eis et pro eis modo aliquo pertinentibus vobis et liberis vestris ex vobis ex domina Nicholeta1 consorte et uxore vestra descendentibus dum vitam vos et ipsi duxeritis in humanis, de fratrum nostrorum consilio et assensu hic nobis assistencium in feudum et nomine feudi, salvo iure fidelitatis et servicii de quo 1  Nicoletta de Leone [188].

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infra dicetur, tenore presencium damus, concedimus et largimur vosque per nostri anuli tradicionem in possessionem corporalem et realem dicti casalis ac universorum et singulorum predictorum inducimus et ponimus per presentes. Quamquidem possessionem adipiscendi, tenendi, regendi, recolligendi, disponendi salvo iure dominii nostri, et quod aliam non transferatur personam, et faciendi prout vobis et dictis liberis videbitur expedire, plenam et liberam vobis et dictis consorti et liberis tenore presencium damus et concedimus facultatem. Retinemus eciam dicti casalis prata sive maresia dicti casalis pro fenis fiendis ad usum equorum nostrorum vel alias de ipsis disponendi prout nobis videbitur expedire. Promittentes vobis et liberis et consorti vestris dictam infeudacionem presentem et concessionem deffendere, auctorisare et manutenere contra cunctos, recepto prius a vobis et per vos prestito nomine vestro vestrorum consortium et liberorum predictorum ad sancta Dei evangelia corporaliter tacta in nostris manibus iuramento, quod ratione huiusmodi feudi et fidelitatis recognitionis, prout ad id vos sponte obtulistis, in quali armata quam religio nostra aut nos seu successores nostri facerent mittere tenebimini virum unum armatum sufficientem et decentem et eum tenere usque ad finem armate vestris oneribus et expensis. Mandantes harum serie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fu[l]gentibus, quatenus vos, dictos vestros consortem et liberos nostra2 presenti gratia et concessione uti gaudere pacifice faciant et permittant modo et forma superius expressatis vos, consortem vestram vel liberos in contrarium nullatenus molestando. In cuius rei testimonium etc. Data Avinione xxviii die mensis Septenbris anno predicto. [100] Rhodes, 8 March 1379. The Grand Commander Fr. Bertrand Flote, elected in chapter general as Lieutenant in the Magistracy, and the Convent permit Fr. Bertrin de Gagnac, Commander of Jallès, to exchange 23 modiates of land he held for 23 modiates held by the Hospital. The Hospital’s lands are in Damatria within the Castellany of Villanova, bounded to the west by the Order’s marassium and by the road from Damatria to Chemire, to the east by Gagnac’s possessions, to the north by the lands of Marmara and to the south by hills and running water. Of Gagnac’s 23 modiates nine are in the territory of Damatria, bounded to the east by the marassium of Damatria and the land of Erini Carbonera, to the north by the land of Dimitri Lavadioti, to the west by the same marassium, and to the south by the marassium and the lands of Jany Collica; another four modiates are in Damatria, bounded to the east by the lands of Jani Setopol and of Jany Calovarda, to the north by the lands of Leo Lagodi, to the west by the vines of Telecotene and to the south by the public way; Gagnac also holds a further ten modiates in Damatria which are bounded on one side of a casale (which was possibly that of Altoloco) by a river, to the east, descending from the casale of Lippo, to the north by the same river, to the west by ‘the said casale’ and to the south by the road from Rhodes. [Malta 24 no. 16: original parchment with holes for seal but without seal]. 2 Ms: nostri.

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Frater Bertrandus Flota sacre domus Hospitalis sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani humilis magnus preceptor et in generali capitulo per conventum Rodi electus magisterii locumtenens et nos dictus conventus domus eiusdem religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Bertrino de Ganiaco preceptori de Ialesio domus eiusdem salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Supplicacioni vestre nobis porrecte continenti ut modiatas terre viginti tres quas nos et domus nostra habemus in insula nostra Rodi sitas in castellania nostra Villenova in loco vocato Damatrie vulgariter, confrontatas a parte ponentis cum marassio nostro et itinere quo itur de Damatria a Chemire, a parte levantis iunctas et contiguas possessionibus vestris, a parte transmontane cum possession(ibus) de Marmara, et a parte merediei cum montanea aquis pendentibus, vobiscum cum aliis modiatis terre viginti tribus quas habetis in territorio Damatrie in castella[nia] et insula predictis, confrontatis a parte levantis cum marassio de Damatria et cum terra Erini Carbonera, a parte transmontane cum terra Dimitri Lavadioti, a parte ponentis cum dicto marassio, a parte meridiei cum dicto marassio et Iany Collica, scilicet novem modiatis, necnon quatuor loco quo supra situatis a parte levantis a terris Iani Setopol et Iany Calovarda, a parte transmontane Leonis Lagodi, a parte ponentis cum vineis Telecotene, et a parte meridie[i] cum itinere publico, ac etiam modiatis decem in loco predicto positis a parte casalis alcioris1 cum potamo a parte levantis descendente a casali de Lippo,2 a parte transmontane cum dicto potamo, a parte ponentis cum dicto casali, a parte meridiei cum itinere publico quo itur de Rodo ad dictum casale, permutare et in excambium prescriptarum viginti trium modiatarum terre concedere dignaremur, annuentes favorabiliter vestris meritis promerentibus, invicem deliberato consilio de nostra certa scientia tenore presentium prenominatas modiatas terre viginti tres cum earum iuribus et pertinentiis in excambium et permutacione[m] aliarum inmediate suprascriptarum vobis concedimus et plenarie liberamus prescriptasque viginti tres modiatas terre per vos in aliarum excambium datas nobis et nostre domui retinentes. In cuius rey testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Datu[m] Rodie3 die octava mensis Marcii anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo trecentesimo s­eptuagesimo octavo. Cor[rec]taR[egistra]ta [101] Rhodes, 19 March 1379. The Grand Commander Fr. Bertrand Flote, elected in chapter general as Lieutenant in the Magistracy, and the Convent confirm the sale by Fr. Bertrin de Gagnac, Commander of Jallès, to Fr. Elie de Marsellio, Commander 1 Or Alcioris, conceivably the casale of Altoloco at Theologos about five kilometres west of Damatria [81]. The boundaries given defy comprehension. 2  Nicolino de Lippo held land next to the contrata of Damatria in 1395 [164]. 3  Sic.

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of Saint Maurice and magister scutifer, for 450 florins of Rhodes of lands and vines at Damatria in the Castellany of Villanova which Fr. Bertrand had purchased from Fr. Arnaud Lumbardi and which Fr. Arnaud had bought from Manoli Laparda; these lands were bounded to the east by the lands of Andronikos and the vine of Drongarena, to the south by a hill and running water, to the west by the road from Damatria to Quivida, and to the north by the lands of Marmara and the vine of papas Nicola. [Malta 24 no. 17: original parchment with holes for seal but with no seal]. Universis et singulis presentes visuris et audituris nos frater Bertrandus Flota sacre domus Hospitalis sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani humilis magnus preceptor et in generali capitulo per conventum Rodi electus magisterii locumtenens et nos dictus conventus domus eiusdem notum facimus et harum serie testamur quoniam, nostri dicti locumtenentis expressa interveniente licencia ad subscripta, religiosus in Christo nobis carissimus frater Bertrinus de Ganiaco preceptor de Ialesio vineas et terras quasdam sitas et positas in insula nostra Rodi in castellania Villenove in loco vulgariter nuncupato Damatria quas dictus frater Bertrinus emit a fratre Arnaudo Lumbardi ipseque frater Arnaudus comparavit a Manoli Laparda, confrontatas a parte levantis [cum] terris Andronici et vinea1 de Drongarena, a parte meridiei cum monte quodam aquis pendentibus, a parte ponentis cum itinere quo itur de Damatria a Quivida,2 et a parte transmontane cum terris de Marmara et vinea pape Nicole, vendidit, tradidit, consignavit et titulo venditionis concessit religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Elye de Marsellio preceptori Sancti Mauricii magistro scutifero presenti, ementi et recipienti pro precio florenorum currentium in Rodo quadringentorum quinquaginta, de quoquidem precio prefatus frater Bertrinus venditor dictum fratrem Elyam emptorem quitavit, absolvit et se tenuit pro contento, volentes dictum fratrem Elyam gracia uberiori amplecti eidem predictas vineas et terras vendendi, alienandi, distrahendi3 et quovis alio alienationis titulo de eis disponendi et ordinandi pro eius libito voluntatis, fratribus tamen dicte domus nostre tenore presencium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia vobis auctoritatem, licenciam et potestatem concedimus et donamus. In cuius rey testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die decimanona mensis Marcii anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo trecentesimo septuagesimo octavo. [102] Rhodes, 22 March 1379. Fr. Bertrand Flote, Grand Commander and Lieutenant in the Magistracy, and the chapter general confirm possession of the casale of Neocorio for life to Fr. Bertrin de Gagnac, Commander of Jallès. [Copy in papal confirmation of 28 July 1379: Archivio Vaticano, Reg. Vat. 291, f. 147v –148; Reg. Aven. 216, f. 114v –115v].

1 Ms: vinee. 2 Or Qumida or Quunda. 3 Ms: distrahandi.

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Frater Bertrandus Flote sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Ierosolimitani humilis magnus preceptor et in generali capitulo per conventum Rodi electus magisterii locumtenens et nos dictus conventus domus eiusdem religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Bertrino de Ganiaco preceptori de Ialesio domus eiusdem salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Famosa vestra probitate et aliis meritis merentibus inducimur ut vos favore specialis gratie prosequimur, presertim cum circa iamdudum vobis prestitum beneficium aliquod exigitis per quod pleniori robore fulciatur.1 Idcirco casale nostrum de Neocorio2 vulgariter nuncupatum situm et positum in insula nostra Rodi per nos vobis concessum cum omnibus et singulis suis iuribus et pertinenciis ad ipsum spectantibus habendum, tenendum, regendum, gubernandum et meliorandum, et prout eum tenetis presencialiter et habetis, invicem deliberato consilio de certa nostra scientia pure et libere tenore presencium ad vitam vestram confirmamus et de novo concedimus et donamus, sic tamen quod eo casu quo litem seu lites, questionem seu questiones premissorum occasione contra vos per quascunque personas seu personam, cuiuscunque condicionis existant, oriri, moveri et suscitari contingat, illam et illas coram quibuscunque iudicibus tam ecclesiasticis quam secularibus citra- vel ultramarinis prosequi, inchoare, mediare, terminare et finire teneamini vestris propriis sumptibus et expensis. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, harum serie districte precipimus et mandamus sub virtute sancte obedientie nichilominus firmiter iniungentes quatenus confirmationi et nostre nove donationi huiusmodi nullatenus contraire presumant, quinymo illam inconcussam studeant perpetuam et irref[r]agabilem observare, nobis insuper hiis presentibus inhibentes sub virtute sancte obediencie supradicta firmiter et expresse ne huiusmodi nostre confirmacionis et nove donacionis pretextu aliqua de bonis, rebus aut iuribus dicti casalis vendatis, impignoretis, permutetis, alienetis seu in emphiteosim perpetuam concedatis aut quocunque alio colore quesito extra nostram religionem transferatis sine nostra licencia speciali et mandato. Et si, quod absit, contra inhibicionem nostram huiusmodi aliquod vel aliqua feceritis illud et illa exnunc prout extunc et extunc prout exnunc cassamus, anullamus ac decernimus irritum et inane nulliusque existere penitus efficacie vel valoris. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die xxii mensis Marcii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo trecentesimo septuagesimo octavo. [103] Rhodes, 19 August 1380. The Master and Convent order the payment in Avignon of 570 florins of Naples a year to the Grand Commander Fr. Bertrand Flote in compensation for the incomes from the casale of Apollona which he had previously been granted for six years; the casale has been rented in perpetuity to Giovanni Corsini of Florence in order to raise money for the mercenaries at Smyrna. [Malta 48, f. 181v –182 (–): ed., with omissions, Sarnowsky (1992), 55–6]. 1 Ms: fulciatus. 2  Modern Kalavarda.

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Mandement de paier a frere Bertran grant comandeur de Rodez vc lxx florenos: Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi de Redia Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos et nos conventus Rodi domus eiusdem religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Petro de Provins domus eiusdem Parisius preceptori ac in partibus ultramarinis generali responsionum receptori salutem et sincere in Domino caritatem. Ad vestram deducimus noticiam quod nos pro solutioni stipendiariorum civitatis Smernensis facienti, non habentes aliunde solvere stipendarios contentare, nobili viro Iohanni de Cursinis de Florentia certo precio habito et recepto arrendavimus et imperpetuum concessimus casale nostrum de Polona ad annos sex quos spectat et pertinet religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Bertrando Floti magno preceptori quem ob hoc ut1 decet volentes indempnare in dicti casalis compensatione reddere eidem assignavimus anno quolibet dictorum sex annorum florenorum quingentos lxxta cugnii serenissime domine regine Neapolitane solvendos in Avignone2 de quibuscunque peccuniis nostris. Eapropter vobis sub virtute sancte obedientie precipimus et mandamus quatenus prefato fratri Bertrando Flote seu eius procuratori legitimo dictos florenos quingentos septuaginta cugnii predicti anno quolibet dictorum sex annorum inchoandorum pro primo anno die prima mensis Septembris anni subscripti de quibuscunque peccuniis per vos habitis et receptis seu recipiendis et habendis nobis et nostro communi thesauro spectantes infalibiliter exsolvatis, et in signum solutionis cum illam feceritis recognitionem publicam recipiatis quod nobis et vobis sufficiat ad cauthelam. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die decima nona mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini moccco octuagesimo. [104] [Rhodes], 18 June [1381]. The Master appoints Fr. Alfonso Sanchez, Commander of Villaescusa, as Castellan of Siana, Fr. Berrardo Raterii first being deprived of that office. [Malta 321, f. 213 (221)]. Die decima octava Iunii constituit dominus magister et fecit castellanum de Syena fratrem Alfonsum Sancii preceptorem de Villa Excusa, destituto primitus fratre Berrardo Raterii dicto officio. [105] [Rhodes], 25 June [1381]. Fr. Francesc Xatmar is licensed to sell his possession with houses, lands, gardens and other appurtenances at Agia Argin on Rhodes to religious or secular persons. [Malta 321, f. 108v (117v)]. Die xxv Iunii data fuit licentia fratri Francisco Çamar vendendi quandam suam poss[essionem] cum domibus, terris, iardinis et aliis suis pertinentiis positis in Rodo loco dicto Agia Argin religiosis seu secularibus prout sibi placuerit. 1 Ms: et. 2 Sarnowsky: aurum.

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[106] Rhodes, 6 July 1381. The Master grants for life to Fr. Arnolinus Helie at 20 gold florins a year a vineyard in the Castellany of Villanova near the castle of Villanova, bordered to the east by the Master’s garden, to the south by the garden of the Hospitaller chaplain of the Master’s capellania at Villanova, to the west by the public way and to the north by the vineyard of Stamaty, the vineyard having been returned to the Master by Fr. Pontius Fabri; the incomes for the present year belong to Fr. Pontius. [Malta 321, f. 225 (233)]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso etc. fratri Arnolino Helie domus eiusdem salutem etc. De probitatis vestre meritis susceptum comendandum testimonium nos inducentes vobis petiam quandam vinee sitam et positam in insula nostra Rodi in castellania Villenove prope castrum nostrum Villenove, confrontatam a parte levantis cum iardino nostro, a parte meridiei cum iardino religiosi etc. fratris .. capellani capellanie nostre ibidem existentis, a parte ponentis cum via publica, et a parte tramontane cum vinea de Stamaty, quam in manibus nostri dicti magistri religiosus etc. frater Pontius Fabri sponte renunciavit, sub annuo censu sive canone florenorum auri viginti in festo Beati Michaelis exsolvendorum, fructibus et redditibus dicte vinee de anno presenti dicto fratri Pontio spectantibus et debentibus provenire, de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia conferimus et donamus quamdiu vitam duxeritis in humanis. Mandantes etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die sexto Iulii anno Incarnationis octuagesimo primo. [107] [Rhodes], 8 July [1381]. The Master exempts Nichola Stratico, inhabitant of Parambolino and marinarius of the Order, from the servitudo marina; his children are not excused from the service. [Malta 321, f. 243 (251)]. Die octava Iulii per dominum magistrum Nichola Stratico1 habitator Paramolini2 marinarius religionis fuit exemptatus a quocunque servicio marin[ario] usque ad beneplacitum ipsius domini magistri, filiis suis procreatis et procreandis in dicta servitute3 semper remanentibus, mandatumque fratribus etc. ne contraveniant. Datum sub impressione. [108] Rhodes, 27 August 1381. The Master grants for life at five florins a year to Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples and Cicciano and lieutenant in Italy of the Master and Convent, the hospicia and iardina of the late Fr. Bartolomeo Benini Prior of Pisa situated in the contrata of Passimade in the Castellany of Rhodes, one of these properties being bordered to the east by the garden which Fr. Bartolomeo left to Fr. Vianesio Çaffulo chaplain, and another property bordered to the south by the garden of Marussa Suriana, other properties bordered by the road leading to Parambolino, and others bordered to the north by another road leading to the hospicium principale of that garden; all these properties had belonged jointly to the late Fr. Robert de Juilly, 1  Done at the request of Infant Joan of Aragon: Luttrell (1978), IV 60. 2  Parambolino, on the east coast a little way south of Rhodes town: Tsirpanlis (1995), 120. 3 Ms: servitate.

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the preceding Master, to Fr. Nichola de Strozzi and to the Admiral Fr. Palamedo di Giovanni, except for the hospicium and iardinum left to Fr. Vianesio by Fr. Bartolomeo; Fr. Domenico is to have there a mill, two slaves, a mule and a horse.1 [Malta 321, f. 225 (233)]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso etc. fratri Dominico de Alamania domus eiusdem Neapolis et Ciçani preceptori ac in partibus Ytalie nostri et conventus locumtenenti generali salutem etc. Vestra strenuitate famosa et aliis vestris virtutibus ac acceptis gratuitis serviciis exposcentibus vos favore benivolo prosequentes, hospicia et iardina que fuerunt quondam prioris Pisarum fratris Bartholomei Benini sita et posita in castellania nostra Rodi in contracta de Passimade, quorum unum confruntatum a parte levantis cum iardino quod dimisit dictus prior fratri Vianesio Çaffulo cappellano, et aliud a parte meridiei cum iardino Marusse Surian[e],2 alia vero cumfrontata cum via publica qua itur Paramolinum et alia via publica a parte tramontane qua itur ad hospicium principale dicti iardini que fuerunt dominorum3 quondam fratrum Roberti de Iuliaco inmediati predecessoris nostri, Nicholai de Strociis et Palamidis Iohannis amirati, exceptis hospicio et iardino relictis prelibato fratri Vianesio per prefatum fratrem Bartholomeum Benini, vobis cum molendino, duobus sclavis, mulo et equo, omnibus iuribus et pertinentiis dictis hospitiis et iardinis spectantibus ad vitam vestram sub annuo censu seu canone florenorum quinque solvendorum in festo Beati Michaelis de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia vobis conferimus et donamus. Mandantes universis fratribus etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die xxvii Agusti anno octuagesimo primo. [109] Rhodes, [27 August 1381]. The Master grants in perpetuity to his familiar, the Aragonese Juan de Calatayud, and his successors at the accustomed census five modiates of vines and figs situated in the contrata of Filerimos, bordered to the east by the vineyard of Johannes Zachoniti, to the west by the road to Filerimos, to the south by the castle of Filerimos and to the north by the same castle; the boundaries of the vineyard commence from a pomegranate tree and proceed to a split rock which is in front of the hospitium of the late Georgius Spagnoli who held the said vine and land together with two springs or part of these springs. [Malta 321, f. 225 (233)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Iohanni de Calathayono regni Aragonum familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Tuis gratuitis serviciis nobis et nostre domui per te prestitis diu et impensuris tibi ad gratiam redditi liberales, vineam [et] terenum cum ficubus modiatorum quinque sitam et positam in insula nostra Rodi in contractata1 Filermi, confrontatam a levante cum vinea

1  It is not clear what properties were defined by which boundaries. 2 Or surian. 3 Ms: dictorum. 1  Sic.

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Iohannis Zachoniti,2 a ponente cum via publica eunte usque Filermum, a meridiei castrum Filermi et a tramontana dictum castrum, incipiente dicta vinea a quodam arbore mali granati agri et durante usque ad quandam rupem binam que est ante hospitium quod fuit quondam Georgii Spagnoli, cuius dicta fuit vinea et terrenum ob eius obitum ad nos iuridice devoluta cum duobus fontibus seu parte ipsorum et cum omnibus et singulis iuribus et emolumentis ad dictam vineam et terenum spectantibus quoquomodo sub annuo censu seu canone exinde solvi consueto de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia tibi et successoribus tuis imperpetuum damus, conferimus, concedimus et donamus. Dantes tibi et tuis successoribus tenore presentium potestatem et auctoritatem dictam vineam, terrenum et predicta vendendi et alienandi quibuscunque personis religiosis et secularibus pro tui libito voluntatis, laudimio, iure superioritatis et maioris dominii nobis semper salvo. Mandantes etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die et anno proxime prescriptis.3 [110] [Rhodes], 18 December 1381. The Master grants for life to papas Michalli Contenstavili the church of Saint George Paraialiti at Villanova; the Bailiff of Rhodes is to induct him into possession. [Malta 321, f. 216 (224)]. Die xviii Decembris anno lxxxi per dominum magistrum sub bulla sua plumbea pape Michalli Contenstavili concessa fuit contemplacione suorum meritorum prestitorum per ipsum et suos religioni diu ecclesia Sancti Georgii Paraialiti de Villanova1 cum suis pertinenciis, iuribus, emolumentis, oneribus et honoribus habenda et officianda ad vitam suam, et mandatum sub virtute sancte obediencie fratri … bailivo insule Rodi ut ipsum inducat in possessionem dicte ecclesie et iurium ipsius. Amoto etc. Necnon universis fratribus ne contraveniant etc. [111] [Rhodes, 21 February 1382]. The Master grants for life to Fr. Mathieu de Saint George, Commander of Chamberaud, a garden, hospitia, two adjoining vineyards and another vineyard on the other side of the road at Panghi in the Castellany of Rhodes; they had been lost to the Hospital but had been recovered by the Master following papal intervention. [Malta 321, f. 225v (233v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso etc. fratri Matheo de Sancto Georgio domus eiusdem Camberelli preceptori salutem etc. Gratuitorum serviciorum per vos nostre domui prestitorum vobis remuneratione iardinum, hospitia et petias duas vinee ipsis contiguas et aliam itinere medio sitas et positas in castellania nostra Rodi in loco vocato Panghi,1 distracta a iure et proprietate religionis 2 Or Zachoruti or Zathoruti. 3  i.e. [108]. 1  The church of Saint George (now destroyed) between the airport and the shore (paraialitis: sea-shore) near Villanova [140, 169]: Inglieri, folio nord, as ‘S. Giorgio’. 1  Sic: a contrata of Bangi or Baugi in the Castellany of Rhodes [149] was held by Fr. Mathieu on his death in 1410 [190].

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nostre indebite et per nos redacta ad ius et proprietatem ipsius vigore et mandato nonnullorum Romanorum pontificum, cum iuribus et pertinentiis earum et cuiuslibet earum de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia tenore presentium quamdiu vitam duxeritis in humanis conferimus, concedimus et donamus. Mandantes etc. In cuius etc. Datum ut proxime sequitur2 etc. [112] Rhodes, 21 February 1382. The Master and Convent grant for life to Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples and Cicciano and lieutenant in Italy, the casale of Apollona; he may imprison, shave or beat its subjects as they deserve; the grant includes serfs who belong to the casale but are away from it. [Malta 321, f. 225v (233v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. et nos conventus etc. religioso etc. fratri Dominico de Alamania domus eiusdem Neapolis et Ciçani preceptori ac in partibus Ytalie locumtenenti nostro generali salutem etc. Meritis et obsequiis vestris comendabilibus gratuitis diu per vos nobis et religioni nostre impensis et impendendis decetero vos remuneracione prosequentes casale nostrum de Polone situatum in insula nostra Rodi cum omnibus et singulis suis iuribus et pertinentiis ac omnibus et singulis terris, possessionibus, nemoribus, aquis, pascuis, censivis ipsi casali spectantibus et debentibus pertinere quoquomodo unacum rusticis, servis et villanis illius casalis sexus utriusque intus et extra dictum casale existentibus, necnon molendin(is) et aliis quibuscunque ad dictum casale debentibus spectare habendum, tenendum, possidendum et usufruendum, ac quod possitis et valeatis rusticos, villanos et servos dicti casalis utriusque sexus, prout demeruerint, capere et incarcerari seu capi et incarcerari facere, pilos tam barbe quam capitis tonderi facere et eos citra tamen sanguinis effusionem verberare seu verberari facere, invicem deliberato consilio de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia tenore presentium vobis quamdiu vitam duxeritis in humanis conferimus etc. Mandantes universis etc. sub virtute sancte obediencie etc. ac universis et singulis aliis in dicto casali sistentibus etc., ut vobis obediant et respondeant tanquam vero ipsorum domino et sicuti nobis facere et cum omnibus iuribus etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi xxi Februarii anno lxxxi. [113] Rhodes, 25 February 1382. The Master and Convent promise Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples and Cicciano and their lieutenant general in Italy, that if the recent donation made to him for life of the casale of Apollona [112] were revoked the 4000 ducats which Fr. Domenico had paid Giovanni Corsini of Florence on the Hospital’s behalf would be paid him by the Treasury in satisfaction of any loss of the casale. [Malta 321, f. 232v –233 (240v –241)]. Frater Iohannes etc. et nos conventus etc. religioso etc. fratri Dominico de Alamania domus eiusdem Neapolis et Ciçani preceptori ac in partibus Ytalie 2  i.e. [112].

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locumtenenti nostro generali salutem etc. Cum sit rationi dissonum et penitus contrarium aliquem pati dispendium benemerentem potius premium obtinere, volentes huiusmodi pretextu vobis super hoc ut nobis est possibile providere, invicem deliberato consilio de certa nostra scientia decernimus et vobis promictimus quod si casus contingat quovismodo donationem1 per nos vobis dudum factam de casali de Polon(a) ad vitam vestram cassari et irritari et ipsum casale a manibus vestris amoveri nec impediri vos seu alium vestro nomine uti frui2 dicto casali et gratia vobis facta de ipso iuxta eius tenorem ducatorum auri quatuormillium3 solutorum per vos nobili viro Iohanni de Cursin[is] de Florencia occasione sive causa dicti casalis et causa sive ratione debiti quatuormillium ducatorum nobis traditorum per ipsum Iohannem, pro quibus nos, religio nostra et ipsum casale eidem Iohanni eramus obligati, iurium et actionum debiti ducatorum predictorum et casalis sua mera et spontanea voluntate cessione et translatione per ipsum Iohannem factis vobis de nostri dicti magistri licentia acceptanti dare, tradere et solvere vobisque teneri recognoscimus in summam predictorum ducatorum percipiendorum per vos super nostro communi thesauro et de pecuniis eidem pertinentiibus accipiendi auctoritate vestra et retinendi de bonis et pecuniis predictis tenore presentium licentia vobis attributa. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die xxv Februarii anno Incarnationis lxxxi. [114] Rhodes, 6 March 1382. The Master grants for life to Dragonetto Clavelli, burgensis and habitator of Rhodes, two pieces of land comprising 170 modiates and owing two capons each year; one piece is bordered to the east by the road from Rhodes to Dyaskoros, to the south by the river called Kolovrehtis, to the west and north by the road to the casale of Manio, while the other piece is bordered to the south and west by lands of Nicoletta de la Liça and to the north by the sea and lands of the Hospital. [Malta 321, f. 226 (234)]. Frater Iohannes etc. circumspecto viro Dragonono Clavelli burgensi et habitatori Rodi dilecto nostro salutem in eo qui est omnium vera salus. Ob ferventis zelacionis affectum quem ad nos nostrumque ordinem habere noscimini, grataque et accepta vestra placida merita et obsequia diu per vos nobis et ipsi nostro ordini nostreque religioni impensa et que vos decetero speramus impensurum, vos specialis favoris gratia et remuneracione prosequentes petias duas terre situatas in insula nostra Rodi modietarum centum septuaginta quarum una confruntatur1 a levante cum via publica veniente de Rodo2 ad Dyascorum, a meridie cum potamo dicto Colovret[o],3 a ponente et a tramontana cum via

1 Ms: donationem repeated. 2 Ms: uti f … 3 Ms: quatuormillia. 1  Sic. 2 Ms: Rodum. 3 Ms: Colovret’; the Kolovrehtis runs just south or south-west of Fanes.

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eunti ad casale Manio, et reliqua petia confruntatur a levante cum via publica, a meridie et ponente cum terris Nicholecte de la Liça, et a tramontana cum marina et terris nostre dicte domus, cum omnibus et singulis earum et cuiusque earum iuribus et pertinenciis habendas, tenendas, possidendas et usufruendas sub annuo censu, pensione, recognitione seu canone duorum parum capponum nobis et nostre domui per vos annis singulis in festo Sancte Marie Virginis mensis Agusti exolvendis de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia ac de consilio fratrum procerum nobis assistentium vobis tenore presentium quamdiu vitam duxeritis in humanis, conferimus, concedimus et donamus. Mandantes harum serie sub virtute sancte obediencie etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die sexto Martii anno lxxxi. [115] Rhodes, 6 March 1382. The Master grants at the accustomed census to Fr. Jean d’Aurillac the place named Sancta Ancona with its vines and other appurtenances once held by Fr. Jean de Liuron. [Malta 321, f. 226 (234)]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso etc. fratri Iohanni de Oriliaco domus eiusdem salutem etc. Gratuitorum serviciorum vestrorum per vos nobis prestitorum et que vos inantea prestiturum speramus remuneracione vobis locum nominatum Sancta Ancona1 positum et situatum in insula nostra Rodi cum ipsius vineis, terris, iuribus et pertinenciis suis universis, et cum quibus religiosus etc. frater Iohannes de Liuron tenuit et possedit sub pensione annua et aliis oneribus inde solvi consuetis habendum, tenendum et possidendum usque ad nostrum beneplacitum de certa nostra scientia tenore presentium conferimus, concedimus et donamus. Mandantes universis et singulis domus nostre fratribus sub virtute sancte obedientie etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die sexto mensis Martii anno lxxxi. [116] Rhodes, 13 March 1382. The Master grants at the customary census to Fr. Mondon de Mauvoisin, Commander of Saint Maurice, a piece of land next to the gate of the city of Rhodes which leads out to Saint Stephen, bordered to the east by the city wall, to the north by the road to Saint Stephen, and to the west and south by the road leading to Saint Firisi; this grant was quashed because the land belonged to the heirs of Maria Duquene. [Malta 321, f. 226 (234); the whole entry was crossed out, with the marginal note revocata ex causa subscripta]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso etc. fratri Mondono de Malavicinia domus eiusdem Sancti Mauricii preceptori salutem etc. Diuturnis vestris gratuitis serviciis nobis et religioni prestitis et que speramus vos decetero impensurum, vos prosequentes remuneracione placida petiam unam terre sitam et positam iuxta portam civitatis nostre Rodi per quam itur ad Sanctum Stephanum, confrontatam quantumcunque sit a levante muris dicte civitatis, a tramontana via 1  Apparently in or near the Castellany of Lindos [20].

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publica per quam itur ad predictum Sanctum Stephanum, a ponente et meridie via publica per quam itur ad Sanctum Firisi,1 vel aliis si qui forent verioribus, habendam, tenendam, possidendam et usufruendam sub annuo censu seu canone exinde solvi consueto de consilio fratrum procerum nobis assistentium ac de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia tenore presentium vobis conferimus et donamus. Dantes vobis harum serie potestatem, auctoritatem et licenciam dictam vendendi alienandique terram et de ea faciendi et disponendi pro vestri libito voluntatis fratribus dumtaxat domus nostre laudimio, iure superioritatis et maioris dominii nobis semper salvo. Mandantes universis fratribus sub virtute sancte obedientie etc. Ac hominibus et vassallis etc. Sub pena nostre gratie arbitrio etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die xiii Martii anno lxxxi. Immediate suprascripta litera ex precepto domini revocata fuit ex causa quia constat nullum ius habere in dicta terra sed constat eam spectare iure successionis heredibus Marie Duquine.2 [117] Rhodes, 15 March 1382. The Master and Convent remind Fr. Pierre de Provins, Commander of Paris and Provins and receiver general of responsions in the West, that the chancery registers show that on 19 August 1380 they had written to inform him that Fr. Bertrand Flote, Grand Commander and Commander of Trinquetaille, was owed 600 florins of Rhodes per annum in recompense for the casale of Apollona rented by the Treasury to Giovanni Corsini of Florence for six years in 1380; they instruct Fr. Pierre to pay Flote 570 florins of Naples a year for the six years beginning 1 September 1380.1 [Malta 321, f. 233 (241)]. Frater Iohannes etc. et nos conventus etc. religioso etc. fratri Petro de Pro(v)yns Parisius et de Pro(v)yne preceptori ac in ultramarinis partibus responsionum receptori generali seu officio receptoris fongenti2 domus eiusdem salutem etc. Meminimus et constat per registra cancellarie nostre vobis die xix mensis Agusti de anno Incarnationis Domini mo ccclxxx scripsisse ut religioso etc. fratri Bertrando Flotta magno preceptori et de Trencataglia preceptori florenos currentes in Rodo sexcentos in remuneratione casalis de Polonia tradidi titulo arrendamenti nobili viro Iohanni de Cursin[is] de Florentia spectantes eidem assignatos et percipiendos super communi thesauro ad annos sex inceptos die prima mensis Septenbris anni predicti exolveretis annuo seu valorem eorum, qui floreni sexcenti facta extimacione valent florenos reginales Neap[o]li[s] quingentos septuaginta. Quamobrem vobis tenore presentium sub virtute sancte 1  Possibly Saint Phloros: Luttrell (2003), 131; cf. [120]. 2 This sentence was not crossed out. 1  In 1380 Apollona was rented to Giovanni Corsini for six years and Flote was assigned the 570 florins of Naples a year [103]. Subsequently Apollona was granted to Fr. Domenico de Alamania [113]. On 20 March 1382 Flote was to pay Fr. Domenico various sums, including monies owed to Flote by the men and women of the casale of Apollona whether francomati, rustici, villani or servi: Malta 321, f. 205v –206 (213v –214). 2  Sic.

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obedientie precipimus et mandamus quatenus predictos quingentos septuaginta florenos reginales Neap[olis] anno quolibet dictorum sex annorum inceptorum die primo mensis Septenbris anno lxxx predictis dicto fratri Bertrando seu eius procuratori exolvatis de quibuscunque pecuniis nobis et nostro communi thesauro spectantibus. Solutione vero annua de predictis quingentis septuaginta florenis reginalibus facta, ut prefertur, recipiatis recognitionem que nobis et vobis sufficiat. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die xv Marcii anno lxxxi. [118] Rhodes, 22 March 1382. The Master confirms a grant to Vestiariti Corsilio, habitator of Rhodes, who held two modiates of land in the casale of Trianda granted to him by the Master’s predecessor; the land was bordered to one side by the castle of the casale, on another by property of the Hospital and on another by public ways. The previous Master took these lands and planted vines on them and in exchange gave Vestiariti two other modiates in the same casale, bordered on one side by the houses of Fr. Gilectus, Castellan of the castle of Villanova, and by the vineyard of Michael Politis, on another side by the vines of Johannes Gilecti serviens and on two other sides by public ways. Vestiariti did not receive this in writing. Fr. Guillem Galliners Bailiff of Rhodes having confirmed Corsilio’s claim, the grant is made to him and his heirs in perpetuity. [Malta 321, f. 226v (234v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Vestiariti Corsilio habitatori nostro Rodi salutem in Domino. Ut nobis tua porretta supplicatio continebat, bone memorie predecessor noster duas modiatas terre site et posite in casali nostro de Trienda, confrontatas ab una parte cum castro dicti casalis, ab alia parte cum iuribus domus nostre et ab alia parte cum viis publicis, tibi spectantes capi fecit et in eisdem plantari vineas, excambio seu conpensatione quarum duas alias modiatas terre site et posite in casali predicto, confrontatas ab una parte cum domibus fratris Gilecti castellani castri nostri Villenove et cum vinea Michaelis Poltis,1 et ab alia cum vinea Iohannis Gillecti servientis, et a duabus partibus cum viis publicis, dictus predecessor tradi tibi fecit et consignari, nullas tamen obtinuisti literas, subiunge[n]s ut pro tua et tuorum cautela literas nostras tibi facere fieri dignaremur. Nos vero, dicta supplicacione audita et intellecta et admissa utpote veritatem continente, religiosi etc. fratris Guillermi Gallinerri bailivi insule nostre Rodi relatione nobis facta, de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia tibi et heredibus tuis inperpetuum predictas duas modiatas terre in compensacionem et excambium predictarum aliarum duarum tradimus [et] consignamus. Mandantes etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die xxii Martii anno lxxxi. [119] Rhodes, 22 March 1382. The Master confirms for life to Fr. Guillermus de Villariis his possession of a garden beneath the castle at Villanova and of 12 caffisiate of uncultivated land in the territorium of Villanova together with a vineyard near the 1 Or Polcis.

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castle; he is to reside there in person and serve the Master’s chapel at Villanova, to pray for him and his predecessors, and to illuminate the chapel using oil and wax. [Malta 321, f. 226v (234v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. et nos conventus etc. religioso etc. fratri Guillermo de Villariis salutem etc. Gratuitorum serviciorum vestrorum et meritorum vos grata et placida remuneratione prosequentes, concessiones et donationes ac confirmationem vobis factas de iardino sito subtus castrum nostrum Villenove ac caffisiatis terre heremis duodecim sitis in territorio predicto Villenove necnon vinea sita prope castrum predictum cum earum confinibus et confrontatis scriptis et positis in predictarum donationis et confirmationis litteris, de [quibus] nobis constat per registra nostra, ratas, gratas [et] firmas habentes, predicta iardinum, vineam et terre caffisiatas duodecim habenda, tenenda et possidenda cum eorum et cuiuslibet eorum iuribus et pertinentiis ad ea et quodlibet eorum spectantibus et pertinentibus ac spectare et pertinere debentibus quoquomodo, invicem deliberato consilio de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia tenore presentium confirmamus et de novo vobis ad vitam vestram conferimus, concedimus et donamus cum pactis et condicionibus in litteris donationis et confirmationis predictarum contentis et subsecutis, videlicet quod teneamini ibidem personaliter residere, capelle nostre Villenove in divinis serviendo pro nobis et nostris predecessoribus intercedere, dictam capellam illuminatam tenere de oleo et cera1 ac alia agere que in dictis litteris continentur. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obedientie etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die xxii Marcii anno lxxxi. [120] Rhodes, 22 March 1382. The Master accepts that a piece of land, once a vineyard, belonging to Exeni Vastarquine and Erini Melene, habitatrices of Rhodes and heirs of their mother the late Maria Duquene, was wrongly granted at the time of the construction of the walls of the suburbs of the city near the gate of Saint Stephen to Fr. Mondon de Mauvoisin Commander of Saint Maurice [116]; the Master declares that the land belongs to them and their heirs in perpetuity. [Malta 321, f. 227 (235)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dilectis nobis in Christo Exeni Vastarquine et Erini Melene heredibus et successoribus quondam Marie Duquene habitatricibus nostris Rodi salutem in Domino. Exponentibus vobis intelleximus petiam unam terre olim vin[ee] tempore constructionis murorum suburbiorum civitatis nostre Rodi constructorum in eadem ad vos spectare et pertinere iure successionis dicte quondam Marie matris vestre, quam in vestri preiudicium religioso etc. fratri Mondono de Malavicinia preceptori Sancti Mauricii nuper contullimus, ut asseritis, supplicantibus ut dictam donationem dicto fratri factam anullare, nec per eam vobis inferri preiudicium possit, sic disponere dignaremur. Nos vero

1 Ms: cerra.

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quamquam iura nostra et nostre domus illesa servari optemus, aliis tamen presertim nostris subditis iniusticiam facere non intendimus nec eorum iuribus derrogare. Incirco informati veraciter de premissis expositis que instrumento publico et aliis documentis legitimis comperimus fore vera, dicta donatione facta predicto fratri harum serie revocata, predictam petiam terre sitam et positam iuxta muros dictorum suburbiorum et portam Sancti Stephani ad vos et vestros heredes et successores inperpetuum spectare et pertinere noscimus, declaramus et volumus de certa nostra scientia per presentes. Mandantes predicto fratri ne occasione seu pretextu predicte donationis revocate, ut prescribitur, aliquid presumat seu attemptet peragere, per quod huic presenti declaracioni aliquod preiudicium valeat seu dispendium generari vel dictis heredibus inferri, necnon universis etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi xxii Martii anno lxxxi. [121] [Rhodes], 23 March 1382. The Master orders Fr. Nicholas de Valle, Castellan of Feraklos, to guard in the castle Pere de Castelsent, who has been deprived of the habit for his crimes. [Malta 321, f. 218 (226)]. Die xxiii mensis Martii anno lxxxi mandatum fuit fratri Nicholao1 de Valle2 castellano de Feraclo per dominum magistrum sub virtute sancte obediencie ut Petrum de Castro Sancto suis demeritis habitu religionis destitutum in dicto castro sue custodie comendatum custodiat diligenter et solicite nec ipsum permictat exire dictum castrum. Scitur(us) etc. ut in forma etc. [122] Rhodes, 24 March 1382. The Master grants papas Ligotetos cartofilax the churches of Saint Mary Calisteni and Saint John the Baptist in the suburbs of Rhodes town, together with their houses, cells, courtyards and appurtenances; this grant is to be observed until the Master’s return from the West. [Malta 321, f. 218 (226)]. Frater Iohannes etc. universis etc. salutem in Domino. Ad vestram et cuiuslibet vestrum noticiam deducimus quod, attentis probitatis et industrie virtutes dilecti nobis in Christo pape Ligoteti cartofilache, eidem pape ecclesias Sancte Marie Calisteni et Sancti Iohannis Prodromi sitas et positas in suburbiis civitatis nostre Rodi1 cum domibus, cellis, curtinis, iuribus et pertinenciis universis earundem contullimus et concessimus, quas et quam etiam tenore presentium concedimus, habendas et habenda, tenenda, officianda ac possedenda. Quare vobis et vestrum cuilibet sub pena nostre indignationis et gratie precipimus et mandamus quatenus contra premissa vel aliquod premissorum nullatenus venire presumatis, quinymo ea efficaciter servare curetis, precipientes sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte universis et singulis domus nostre fratribus, quacunque auctoritate etc., ne quavis ratione seu causa allegata per 1 Ms: Nichollo before correction. 2  Of the Priory of Auvergne and Commander of the Granaries in 1390: Luttrell – Zachariadou (2008), 137–9. 1 The two churches here in suburbiis civitatis and apparently outside the walls of the borgo were later incorporated into the fortifications of the gate of Saint John: Luttrell (2003), 131–2.

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quempiam seu proposita vel opposita contra dictum papam Ligoteti ipsum de dictis ecclesiis, domibus vel iuribus earum audeant vel presumant amovere, quinymo ipsum in eisdem et iuribus ac pertinentiis earum conservare et premissa infallibiliter usque ad nostri de partibus occidentalibus reditum studeant observare. Data Rodi die xxiiii Martii anno lxxxi. [123] Rhodes, 24 March 1382. The Master orders Ferrando de Vignoli, his feudatory, to inquire into reports that Bussottus, turcopulus of the casale of Lardos, has misbehaved, and if guilty he should be deprived of office and a substitute appointed. [Malta 321, f. 218 (226)]. Frater Iohannes etc. circumspecto viro Ferando de Vignolo feudatario nostro salutem etc. Nuper ad aures nostras pervento dilectum nobis in Christo Bussottum turcopulum casalis nostri de Lardo officium sibi commissum non prout convenit exercere, vobis tenore presentium commictimus quatenus informationem de premissis facere habeatis et, comperto veritatem prout prescribitur se habere dictum Bussottum turcopulum dicto officio destituatis et privetis, alium loco ipsius in dictum officium sufficientem et ydoneum ponatis et substituatis ac ordinetis. Quo posito et ordinato1 per vos, de certa nostra scientia confirmamus dictum Bussottum privandi et destituendi dicto officio ut prefertur, potestate et alium loco ipsius ponendi et ordinandi ac auctoritate hiis presentibus vobis attributa. Datum Rodi die xxiiii Marcii anno lxxxi. [124] Rhodes, 5 April 1382. The Master accepts the accounts of Ferrando de Vignoli, burgensis and habitator of Rhodes, for the wine, grain and other produce he has collected on Rhodes. [Malta 321, f. 219v (227v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. universis et singulis presentes nostras visuris salutem. Et hiis presentibus notum facimus quod honorabilis vir Ferandus de Vignolo burgensis et habitator Rodi de omnibus vino, blado et aliis quibuscunque proventis ex nostra insula Rodi per ipsum captis, receptis, gestis et administratis nobis spectantibus et pertinere debentibus quoquomodo bonum computum, veram et legitimam rationem, consignationem integram et perfectam posuit, fecit et reddidit. De quibusquidem computis et rationibus veris et iustis contenti ipsum Ferandum liberamus et absolvimus perpetuo per presentes. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre sub virtute sancte obedientie etc. ne contra presentis etc. In cuius etc. Datum Rodi die quinto Aprilis anno octuagesimo secundo. [125] Avignon, 6 October 1383. The Master confirms and grants for life to Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Cyprus and of Naples, the casalia of Lelos and Neocorio together with their serfs, and in addition a vine, hospicia and a windmill in 1 Ms: ordinatum.

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the contrata of Diapassades which are bordered to the south-west by the vines of Petrus Raymundi, to the north by the vineyard called Sancta Barbara and by the vine of the late Johannes Navarro, on another side by the vines of papas Georgios Michali, on another side by the road to Asgourou, and by other boundaries; the properties at Diapassades had once belonged to the late Fr. Pierre Raterii, to the late Fr. Gautier de la Bastide and to Fr. Mondon de Mauvoisin; Fr. Domenico is to pay yearly a veges of wine and six pairs of capons, and he may imprison and punish his men, villani and serfs. [Malta 322, f. 300 (309); in margin duplicata]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso etc. fratri Dominico d’Alamania preceptori Cipri et Neapoli[s] etc. salutem etc. Vestra laudabilia merita, solicitudines et labores per vos passos pro nostris et religionis nostre negociis grata prosequentes gratitudine, casalia de Lelo et Neocorio sita et posita intra insulam nostram Rodi cum omnibus et singulis suis terris, t[erm]inis, confrontacionibus, iuribus et pertinentiis1 casalium predictorum et cuiuslibet eorum soletis percipi et haberi unacum servis illorum casalium sexus utriusque, necnon vineam, hospicia et molendinum ad ventum situata et posita in insula nostra Rodi in contrata de Diapassades confrontan(tem) et confrontan(tia) cum vinea Petri Raymo[n]di a parte garbini, a parte venti au maistre2 cum vinea vocata Sancta Barbara et cum vinea quondam Iohannis Navarro, ab alia parte cum vineis pape Georgii Michali, et ab alia parte cum via publica qua itur recto itinere ad Esgare, et cum aliis confinibus si qui sint certiores que fuerunt quondam fratrum Petri Raterii, et Gaucherii de Bastida et fratris Mondoni de Malavicina vobis quamdiu vitam duxeritis in humanis de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia tenore presencium solvendo annis singulis pro annuo censu pro predictis vinea vel vineis, hospiciis [et] molendino unam vegetem vini et de dictis casalibus de Lelo et Neocorio sex paria caponum in festo Beati Michaelis confirmamus, concedimus et donamus. Mandantes etc. Insuper presentem gratiam uberiorem existere et fructum afferre3 volentes quod fiet, si cohertio et vindicio sequentes prebeantur in casalibus prefatis, huiusmodi consideracione ducti, vobis concedimus quod homines, villanos et servos sexus utriusque casalium predictorum, prout demeruerint, condempnare, incarcerare, capere, capi, condempnari et incarcerari facere, pilos tam barbe quam capitis tondi, scindi ac ipsis citra sanguinis effusionem verberari possitis facere ad hec omnia et singula vobis potestate harum serie attributa. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die sexta mensis Octubris anno Incarnacionis etc. cccmo [octuagesimo] tercio. [126] Avignon, 6 October 1383. The Master grants for life to Fr. Pedro de Palmerola, Commander of Caspe, the vineyard, hospitia and mill in the contrata of Sanctus Michael de Psifi in the Castellany of Rhodes once belonging to Fr. Gautier de la Bastide; he owes for them six pairs of fat capons. [Malta 322, f. 300 (309)]. 1 Ms: pertion’. 2  North wind. 3  afferre repeated.

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Frater Iohannes etc. religioso etc. fratri Petro de Pamarola preceptori de Casp salutem etc. Gratuitis vestris obsequiis nobis per vos prestitis gratitudine respondentes vineam, hospicia et molendina que fuerunt quondam Gaucherii de Bastida prioris Tholose sita in castellania nostra Rodi in contrata vocata de Sancto Michaelo1 de Psifi cum omnibus iuribus, servitut(ibu)s, exitibus et pertinenciis cum quibus et prout illa tenuit, habuit et possedit dictus quondam frater Gaucherius, sub annuo censu sex parium caponum pinguorum exolvendo in festo Beati Michaelis auctoritate presencium de certa nostra scientia vobis ad vitam vestram concedimus et donamus. Mandantes etc. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die sexta mensis Octubris anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo cccmo octuagesimo tercio. [127] Avignon, 16 May 1385. The Master founds a perpetual chaplaincy in the chapel he will construct in the Conventual church of Rhodes to be dedicated to Saints John the Baptist, John the Evangelist, Anthony and Dominic of Silos for the good of his own soul and for the brethren of the Hospital, especially for those slain at Arta, endowing it with his possessions, that is a vineyard and garden of the late magister Johannes Alfonsi, the vines and hospicia of the late Canton Belichon, the hospicia, garden and vines of Sanctus Nicholaus and the vineyard newly planted there, the hospicia, vines and garden which belonged to Fr. Pierre Balbi Commander of Avignon, and the vines, hospicia and possessions of the late Fr. Raymundus de Puteo, all situated in various parts of the island of Rhodes; these are to endow a perpetual chaplaincy for three Hospitaller chaplains, Fr. Juan Dies, Fr. Guillaume Gaillarde and Fr. Deodatus Caste. They and their successors are to live in common in the same house and to receive nothing from the Treasury for their food and clothing. On every anniversary of the founder’s death each chaplain or other secular chaplain taking part is to be paid one silver gigliato. [Malta 323, f. 2v (12v)]. Noverint universi et singuli presentes inspecturi quod nos frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc., cogitantes de salute propria cupientesque terrena pro celestibus [et] transitoria pro eternis felici commutare comercio, ad honorem Dei omnipotentis et Beatorum Iohannis Babtiste, Iohannis Evvangeliste, Anthonii et Dominici de Silus ac divini cultus augmentum et pro nostre et dicte domus fratrum presertim peremptorum in l’Arta1 animarum salute, cappellaniam unam perpetuam in ecclesia nostra conventuali Colocen(si) alias Rodi in qua fieri et construi faciemus unam cappellam, tenore presentium [de voluntate, consilio et assensu d[ominorum] fratrum Petri Bussoni prioris ecclesie predicte conventualis, Hessonis Sleg(elh[ol]t), G[uillermi] de Fonten[eyo] hospitilerii de Spiliaco […] conventus nostri Rodi,2 Dominici d’Alamania Sancti Stephani de Monopul[i], Petri Balbi Avignonis, Petri Bricii Montisp[essu] 1  Sic. 1  Apparent reference to Hospitallers killed near Arta in Epiros in 1378. 2  In 1384 Fr. Guillaume de Fontenay, Commander of Épailly, was Hospitaller and procurator of the Convent, so the missing word may have been procuratoris: De Vaivre (2005), 55.

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ll[ani], Guillermi Vabringen[sis], […] Arleten[sis],3 Petri de Provin[s], de [Parisie receptoris generalis nobis assistentium],4 fundamus et instituimus et eam de nostris possessionibus subscriptis dotamus, videlicet vinea et iardino quondam magistri Iohannis Alfonsi, vineis et hospiciis quondam Cantonis Belichon, item hospiciis, iardino et vineis Sancti Nicholai et vinea nova noviter plantata ibidem, item hospiciis, vineis et iardino que fuerunt dicte domus fratris Petri Balbi preceptoris Avinion[is], ac vineis, hospiciis et possessionibus quondam fratris Raymundi de Puteo situatis in insula nostra Rodi diversis locis, territoriis et confinibus. Quas possessiones pro dote dicte cappellanie assignamus pro tribus perpetuis cappellanis dicte domus fratribus ibidem Domino servituris. Quos fratres cappellanos tres de presenti ordinamus, scilicet fratres Iohannem Dies, Guillermum Galhardi et Deodatum Caste. Qui fratres cappellani et successores in ipsa cappellania teneantur celebrare et dicere missas duas omni die et interesse in divinis officiis noturnis et diurnis prout ceteri fratres cappellani residentes in conventu [et in eadem capellania nocte diesque unam lampadam accensam tenere et cerea luminaria secundum solenpitates dierum ante di[e]m celebrantur officia].5 Quiquidem fratres cappellani tres et successores insimul morabuntur et stabunt in eadem domo et vivent in communi, de possessionibus predictis et pro victu et vestitu ipsorum nichil capient a thesauro communi ac sub nostra et successorum nostrorum correctione et obedientia dumtaxat manebunt. Quorum institutionem et destitutionem ad nos et successores nostros cum consilio fratrum, bailivorum, priorum et procerum nostri Rodi conventus spectare et pertinere volumus et ordinamus dum casus per mortem vel alias continget. Insuper volumus quod illa die qua nos vitalem spiritum reddemus Altissimo fiat anno quolibet anniversarium6 solempne in dicta ecclesia et quilibet frater cappellanus etiam cappellanus secularis qui intererit in illo anniversario7 a principio usque ad finem habeat unum gilhatum argenti quem ipsi fratres cappellani solvere tenebuntur. Quocirca universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus8 presentibus et futuris, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, sub virtute sancte obedientie precipimus et mandamus districte inibentes quatenus fundationem, institutionem, dotationem, assignationem, ordinationem et voluntatem h(uiusmodi) nostras presentes inviolabiliter observent iuxta ipsarum seriem et tenorem. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die decimasexta mensis Maii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo cccmo octuagesimo quinto.

3  Fr. Hugues Giraud was named on 3 October 1385 to administer the Commandery of Gap and in 1387 he was governor of the Commandery of Arles: Delaville (1913), 230 n. 1. 4  de voluntate … assistencium: partly illegible marginal insertion. 5  Marginal insertion. 6 Ms: [ad]niversarium. 7 Ms: adniversario. 8 Ms: fratris.

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[128] Avignon, 22 May 1385. The Master grants Fr. Giovanni Siffi Prior of Pisa, who is unable to receive incomes from his priory, 150 gold florins a year from the incomes of the islands of Episkopi [Tilos] and Chalki until he should secure the incomes from his priory; the Master’s procurator Dragonetto Clavelli, who holds the islands in appaltum, is to pay this sum from the islands’ incomes. [Malta 323, f. 202v (212v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Iohanni Siffe priori Pisarum domus eiusdem salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Actendentes vos malicia temporis faciente bonis, emolumentis et iuribus dicti prioratus vobis debitis et pertinentibus gaudere non posse, huiusmodi consideratione in sustentationem vestri status florenos auri centum quinquaginta per vos recipiendos et habendos annis singulis supra redditus et proventus insularum nostrarum Episcopie et Carqui vobis quousque dicti prioratus possessionem [et] fructuum, emolimentorum1 et iurium perceptionem fueritis pacifice assequtus de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia auctoritate presentium assignamus et donamus, quocirca venerabili viro Dragoneto Clavelli civi Rodi et procuratori nostro ac appautatori dictarum insularum seu quibusvis aliis quovis titulo illas habendas et regendas districte precipiendo mandamus ut de earum insularum fructibus et proventibus anno quolibet in mense Septembris florenos centum quinquaginta infallibiliter vobis tradant et pro anno presenti primo termino in proximo futuro mense Septembris solvant et assignent. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie dicte domus fratribus presentibus et futuris ne contra presentes venire presumant. In cuius rey testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Avinione die vicesima secunda mensis Maii anno Incarnationis Domini mo cccmo lxxx quinto. [129] Avignon, 22 May 1385. The Master confirms to Covello de Salvo of Naples, habitator of Rhodes, a grant made by Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Cyprus, through his procurator Fr. Buffillo Pannizati, of 30 modiates of land in the casale of Koskinou,1 on which Covello intends to plant vines, at 30 aspers a year; Covello may alienate the land, paying the laudimium. [Malta 323, f. 217 (227)]. Frater Iohannes etc. venerabili et discreto viro Covello de Salvo de Neapoli habitatori Rodi salutem in Domino. Prout accepimus domus eiusdem fratris Dominici d’Alamanha preceptoris Cipri relatione, vobis tradidit et concessit dicte domus frater Buffilus Paniçati eius procurator et suo nomine modiatas terre triginta situatas in insula nostra Rodi infra casale de Cosquino seu ipsius limites sub annuo censu aspri unius pro qualibet modiata terre solvendo certo termino et cum potestate pro voluntatis arbitrio disponendi de modiatis huiusmodi terre in quibus plantari facere vineas intenditis. Quamquidem traditionem et concessionem huiusmodi ad uberiorem vestram cautelam

1  Sic. 1  Alamania held this casale [131].

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confirmari et vobis et vestris sub tenore predicto concedi a nobis humiliter supplicavit, eapropter dicti fratris Dominici supplicationem admictentes contemplatione ipsius necnon intuitu vestrorum acceptorum serviciorum nobis et nostre domui per vos prestitorum concessionem et traditionem vobis factam de predictis modiatis terre triginta si et prout modo et forma expressis et contentis in literis super traditione et concessione huiusmodi confectis confirmamus, et predictas modiatas terre triginta vobis et vestris sub dicto annuo censu cum potestate vendendi, alienandi easdem et ex ipsis disponendi pro vestra et vestrorum voluntatis arbitrio conferimus et donamus, nobis, nostre domui et ipsi fratri Dominico laudimio specialiter reservato. Mandantes universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus presentibus et futuris sub virtute sancte obediencie ne contra presentes confirmationem et novam donationem venire presumant, quinymo illas studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die xxii mensis Maii anno Incarnationis Domini mo ccco lxxx quinto. [130] [Avignon], 22 May [1385]. Fr. Guillem Galliners, Bailiff of Rhodes, is ordered to restore to Fr. Domenico de Alamania or to his procurator Fr. Buffillo Panizzati the incomes and produce of the casalia of Lelos and Neocorio granted to him on 6 October 1383 [125]. Fr. Domenico’s serfs living outside his lands and casalia are to be returned to his lands and casalia, and are not to be compelled to perform the servicium calamelle or sugar corvée, nor to pay debts from the time of the Master’s predecessor but to wait until the Master’s return to Rhodes; the bailiff is to assign to Fr. Domenico 40 modiates of land which the Master granted to Fr. Domenico at Katagros. [Malta 323, f. 223 (233); in margin: deberit registrari supra titulo in cismarinis]. Die xxii mensis Maii anno quo supra mandatum fuit baillivo insule Rodi fratri Guillermo Galines ut restituat seu faciat restitui fructus et proventus omnes et singulos casalium de Lello et Neocorio per eum perceptos a data et die donationis facte de dictis casalibus fratri Dominico d’Alamanha sibi1 seu procuratori suo fratri Bufillo Panniçatis,2 que data fuit dies sexta mensis Octobris anno preterito lxxx tercio. Necnon ut servos sexus utriusque predicti fratris Dominici commorantes in dicta insula Rodi extra loca et casalia ipsius fratris Dominici ad eadem loca et casalia redduci et restitui faciat. Etiam inhibitum fuit ne servos ipsius fratris Dominici compellat seu faciat compelli subire servicio calamelle neque aliud quodcunque, ne compellat eosdem solvere debita per eos tempore predecessoris domini nostri, sed supersedeat quousque dominus magister redeat Rodum. Et pariter mandatum fuit dicto baillivo quod assignet dicto fratri Dominico seu eius procuratori modiatas terre quadraginta in locum de Catagro quas dominus magister ipsi concessit.

1 Ms: civi. 2 Ms: Pamiçatis.

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[131] [Avignon, 22 May 1385]. The lieutenant of the Castellan of Rhodes is ordered not to prevent Fr. Domenico de Alamania or his procurator from enjoying the casale of Koskinou and its rights. [Malta 323, f. 223v [(233v)]. Die, anno, mense quibus supra mandatum fuit locumtenenti castellani Rodi ne impediat fratrem Dominicum d’Alamanha seu ipsius procuratorem gaudere casali de Cosquino, iuribus et pertinentiis ipsius iuxta tenorem donationis sibi facte de dicto casali. [132] Avignon, 3 August [1386]. The Master, on receiving news from Rhodes, commands the brethren there as follows: (1) following complaints from the Hospital’s subjects and others of injustice and oppression the brethren are to ensure that justice is done to all; (2) since, following the Master’s departure [in 1382], the commerchium tax on wine has been farmed out to certain persons in an unaccustomed and damaging way, it is again to be auctioned more filico to the highest bidder, who is to be bound to maintain the guard galley as was ordained, the Greek and Latin inhabitants making up the difference if the proceeds should prove insufficient; (3) the maintenance of the guard galley is to be auctioned to whoever will arm and equip it for the lowest price; (4) the comerchium or customs dues on merchandise for sale should be auctioned to the highest bidder and the proceeds devoted to the ‘repair’ of the suburbs or other uses, as decided by the Latin and Greek cives of the town; (5) since the impositions inflicted by scribes and officials have caused many marinarii to flee, a new register of all marinarii is to be compiled so that each should serve in his turn or, if unable to serve, provide a substitute; (6) since the Castellan of Rhodes and the Bailiff of Commerce are vexing the Hospital’s subjects and others with taxes and impositions, all penalties are to be registered and shown each month to the Master’s Lieutenant and the proceres who should assess the fines, the proceeds being shared between the Master’s procurator and the Lieutenant and proceres; (7) since the Bailiff of Commerce has introduced new regulations prejudicial to patroni and merchants, both Rhodian subjects and those from abroad, the statutes and the old rules should be followed; (8) owing to the damage caused to the inhabitants by brethren sealing their own wine, no Hospitaller is to seal wine but the Master’s Lieutenant and others are to see how much wine is required for the brethren’s own consumption rather than for them to sell it, and the Lieutenant should then seal the wine and deliver it to each according to his allocation, ensuring that each receives his wine either before it is carried outside his house or within the following 20 days;1 (9) that turcopoles should be posted as needed and should keep watch in person; (10) that four trustworthy burgenses, two Latin and two Greek, should supervise expenses on victuals as is customary, and that the matacetus2 should not act without their approval and should act according to the town statutes; (11) that, given the expenditures made since the Master’s departure which the Master knows of through the accounts from Rhodes, and given that the Master is unable

1  Repeated with variations in the ordinatio of 1392: Delaville (1913), 381–3. 2  Officer in charge of weights and measures.

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to continue to send ‘goods’ to Rhodes on account of the non-payment of responsions and of the Treasury’s debts, the Master needs to be informed of the expenses and of the use made of these ‘goods’ so that the officials, together with Fr. Domenico de Alamania, may see that the ‘goods’ are put to the use of the Hospital and not to the private profit of those who are well known to enrich themselves while the Order remains in great debt on account of the sums that the Rhodian officials assign to be repaid in Avignon. The ‘goods’ the Master sent to Rhodes with Fr. Domenico were acquired through loans and at interest to be repaid on 24 June and the Rhodian government has no hope of further subsidy before then because the debts must be repaid, so all ‘goods’ of the Treasury are to be inventoried, whether in the Treasury, the volta or stores, the granary, the hospital, the parva commendatoria or elsewhere; the Rhodian officials must sustain the Convent with those ‘goods’ and with the 12,000 florins sent them by the Master from now until the ‘end of the year’. [Malta 323, f. 217–218v (216–217v)]. Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. religiosis in Christo nobis carissimis fratribus .. etc. nostrumlocumtenenti, bailivis, prioribus et proceribus nostri Rodi conventus domus eiusdem salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Quamquam circa diversa incumbentia nostro regimini per continua studia mente et animo occupemur, considerationes tamen nocte dieque peramplius nos ille occupant per quas utili, salubri et expedienti substentationi co[nvent]us eiusdem insule Rodi et aliarum personarum3 subditorumque utilitati et paci provideri valeat et eorum evide[n]tibus non dissimulandum dispendiis gravibus acceleratione opportuni remedii occurri, presertim percepto certa veraci relatione tam domus eiusdem fratrum quam aliorum quod retardata remedia parere graviora incomoda possent, discussa itaque consideratione in occurrentibus casibus subscripta per nos ordinata de voluntate et assensu dicte domus fratrum .. nobis assistencium necessaria existere ipsa volumus et mandamus efficaciter observari que sequntur: (1) Quoniam plures nostri subditi et alii de vobis conqueruntur a denegatione iusticie et illata oppressione, ordinamus quod iusticia fiat unicuique et contra iusticiam oppressi hoc cognito revocentur gravamina. (2) Item percepto displicenter in preiudicium et dampnum et religionis nostre et oppressionem subditorum nostrorum Rodi comerchium vini traditum fuisse post nostrum recessum certis personis in appauto seu aliis pactis et conventionibus non consuetis fieri dampnosis et preiudicialibus, quia pro premiori precio et plus exhigitur pro dolio vini, et vigent[ibus] subditi[s],4 et multis aliis causis quibus sumus informati, ordinamus et volumus quod, non obstante dicto appauto,5 dictum comerchium de novo vadat et ponatur ad incantum more filico,6 et plus offerenti prestita cautione sufficienti liberetur, et teneatur ex dicto comerchio galea gardie quoniam ad hec fuit ordinatum, et si quid opus 3 Ms: presonarum. 4  Sic. 5 Ms: apponto. 6  incantum more filico: auction conducted with a burning candle.

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fuerit plus exponere suppleant habitatores Rodi latini et greci.7 (3) Item ordinamus quod galea guardie tenenda exponatur ad incantum et qui pro minori pretio ipsam vellet tenere bene armatam et fornitam cum suis necessariis illam habeat prestita cautione ydonea. (4) Item ordinamus quod comerchium solvi consuetum de mercaturis seu mercimoniis que venduntur ad incantum ponatur et plus offerenti liberetur, et precium huiusmodi comerchii convertatur in reparatione suburbiorum seu aliis usibus necessariis terre ad dispositionem civium nostrorum latinorum et grecorum. (5) Item ne subditi nostri marinarii indebite graventur per scribas et alios officiarios, prout fieri nobis relatum extitit, propter que gravamina marinarii plures fugerunt de Rodo et se contulerunt ad has et alienas partes, ordinamus et volumus quod fiat unum novum cartularium in quo scribantur omnes marinarii et de primo usque a[d] ultimum unusquisque per suum circuitum et ordinem serviat in officio marine in galia seu cui tenetur et aliter non cogatur,8 nisi persona sit impotens ad serviendum quo casu prestet excambium. (6) Item quia nobis expostum fuit quod castellanus Rodi et bailivus comerchii agravant subditos et alios in penarum inpositione, taxatione et exactione, ordinamus quod pene et informationes quelibet scribantur in certo cartulario per fidelem scriptorem et quolibet mense exhibeantur nostrumlocumtenenti et proceribus qui illas videant et taxari habeant iuxta demerita et qualitatem personarum, et taxatione facta procurator noster et predicti percipiant quilibet ius suum. (7) Item quia audivimus quod bailivus comerchii instituit novas ordinationes preiudiciales patronis et mercatoribus tam nostris quam alienis, ordinamus ipsas resecari et servari statu[t]a et usus antiquos. (8) Item propter gravamina et dampna illata incolis et habitatoribus nostri Rodi per domus nostre fratres facientes vina ipsorum bullari et bulla capi absque satisfactione, ordinamus quod nullus frater bullare audeat9 sed observatur iste modus quod nosterlocumtenens, bailivi et proceres invicem habito consilio videant quatenus doliis seu vigetibus vini10 indigant fratres pilerii et alii volentes vinum habere ad fruendum, non vendendum sed fruendum, et hoc viso ipse locu[m] tene[n]s tot vina bullari faciat et tradi unicuique iuxta ordinationem ipsorum, et faciat satisfieri illi cuius erit vinum antequam portetur extra domum suam seu post infra viginti dies. (9) Item ordinamus quod ponantur tircoplerii necessarii dumtaxat qui teneantur vigilare [et] custodire in persona propria. (10) Item ordinamus quod semper sint quatuor burgenses probi homines, duo latini et alii greci, super exitatem facienda[m] in victualibus, prout consuetum est fieri, et matacetus seu ipsius utens officio nichil audeat capere seu extimare11 sine dictorum quatuor ordinatione, et fiat de hoc secundum statuta terre.

 7 Ms: graci.  8 Ms: cognatur?   9  At foot of folio: quere in capitulo terrarum.Verte folium. 10 Ms: veni. 11 Ms: extinare.

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(11) Insuper consideran(tes) sumptus, expensas et missiones quas fecistis12 post nostrum re[ce]ssum, de quibus nobis constat per computa vestra, et bona que vobis misimus de partibus istis et Rod(o) vobis tradi fecimus, que continuare non possunt propter deffectus solutionis responsionum,13 bonorum et debitorum ipsius thesauri, et opus est restringere se pocius quam defficere ob hoc ordinamus, volentes de premissis factis sumptibus informari quomodo et qualiter in quibus usibus exposita sunt bona huiusmodi, quod vos locumtenens, bailivi et proceres insimul vobiscum frater Dominicus d’Alamanha videatis super hoc, quoniam difficile est credere in utilitatem religionis bona huiusmodi fuisse conversa, sed potius in profituum privatum aliquorum quos bene cognoscimus, ad eorum opera, quibus locupletati et ditati sunt et religio remansit in debito grandi, quoniam solutiones peccuniarum et tante quantitatis quas assignavistis Avinione solvi, tam brevi tempore fieri non possunt hinc ad prolixum tempus, et bona que vobis mitimus per dictum fratrem Dominicum sunt habita ad usuras solvi promissa hinc ad Nativitatem Beati Iohannis, usque ad quod festum non speretis vos habere aliud subsidium, quia opus est solvere debita que fecistis. Qua ratione, ut sciatur ab omnibus in quos usus bona religionis expenduntur, et non ultra quam haberi possit, inspecto quod ex bonis huiusmodi susceptis ad usuras religio consumitur, ordinamus quod omnia bona thesauri in quibuscunque consistant scribantur et fiat inventarium tam ex illis que sunt in thesauraria, in vo[l]ta, in granerio, in infirmaria, in parva commendatoria14 et alibi. Quo facto videatur modus inter vos per quem ex dictis bonis et duodecim milibus florenorum quos facimus vobis tradi conventus sustentur hinc ad annum. Super quibus dictus frater Dominicus plene informatus de possibilitate partium istarum et a quo, quibus et unde habentur peccunie, et de modo quem teneri opus est, vos certos reddet. Cui detis fidem in omnibus que vobis exponet et operamini iuxta eius co[n]sil[i]um quod vobis et religioni utile nos tenemus et a vobis efficaciter observandum. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die tercia Augusti anno quo supra. [133] Avignon, 4 July 1389. The Master confirms to Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples and Santo Stefano di Monopoli, his endowment of a perpetual cappellania dedicated to God and to Mary Mother of God in the Hospital’s Conventual church with: (1) a magasinum once belonging to the late Bartolomeo Assanti of Ischia which is next to the mandrachium antiqum and is bordered on two sides by public ways, on another side is separated from the sea shore by a modest road, and on another by the city walls; (2) two windmills on the mole of Rhodes harbour, the second and sixth counting from the sea; (3) a newly constructed magasinum situated in the borgo in the carreria longa or ‘long street’ near the harbour and bordered on two sides by the same street, on another by 12 Ms: fescistis. 13 Ms: respontionum. 14  parva commendataria, possibly stores or provisions whose commander was a minor Conventual officer: Burgtorf (2008), 255.

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the road which leads to the harbour, on another by the walls of the borgo, and on another by the hospitium of Nano of Florence; (4) and also two hospitia newly constructed in the magna et comunis platea and another magasinum once belonging to Girardo de Imperato of Naples and situated in the borgo next to the macellum Rodi, bounded by the possession of Antonio son of the late Antonio de Ambrosiis, surgeon of Florence, and by the said macellum Rodi; (5) another magasinum of the said Antonio bordered by his possessions, by the macellum and by some walls of the borgo; and (6) the income Fr. Domenico had purchased from the Treasury amounting to 150 bezants of Rhodes and four modia of grain deriving from the inheritance of Antonina de Garibaldis, heiress of Opitino de Garibaldis burgensis of Rhodes. [Malta 324, f. 135v –136 (143v –144)]. Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. religioso etc. fratri Dominico d’Alamania preceptori Neapolis et Sancti Stephani de Monopolo domus eiusdem etc. Devocionis vestre sinceritas et alia preclara vestra merita virtuosa quibus fore dignoscimini insignitus necnon laboriosa obsequia Deo, nostre religioni et nobis accepta per vos prestita et que impendere solicitis studiis et continua prosecutione non sinitis, rationabiliter promerentur ut petitionibus vestris in hiis presertim que vestre anime salutem et divini cultus augmentum respiciunt quantum comode1 possumus, favorabiliter annuamus. Sane ex serie literalis petitionis vestre nuper nobis exhibite percepimus quod vos de salute propria cogitantes ac cupientes terrena pro celestibus et transitoria pro eternis felici comercio comutare ad honorem Dei et Beate Marie Virginis eius matris ac divini cultus augmentum et pro anime vestre salute unam perpetuam cappellaniam in ecclesia nostra conventuali Colocensi sub eiusdem Dei genitricis Marie vocabulo construi fecistis, fundavistis, instituistis et eam de consilio et assensu dicte domus fratrum, bailivorum et procerum nostri Rodi conventus dotavistis de certis possessionibus, bonis, iuribus et redditibus annuis subscriptis, videlicet (1) quodam magasino sito iuxta mandrachium antiqum,2 confrontato a duabus partibus cum viis publicis, ab alia parte cum lictore maris modica via intermedia, et ab alia parte contiguo cum meniis civitatis nostre Rodi, quod magasin[u]m fuit quondam Bartholomei Assanti de Iscla; (2) item duobus molendinis ad ventum situatis supra mollum portus nostri Rodi, que duo molendina sunt secundum et sextum in numero aliorum molendinorum dicti molli numerando a parte maris seu transmontane; (3) item alio magasino noviter constructo situato in burgo Rodi in carreria longa circa mare seu portum,3 confrontato a duabus partibus cum dicta carreria et quadam alia via qua itur ad dictum portum, et alia parte contiguo cum muris dicti burgi, et ab alia parte cum hospitio Nani de Florencia; necnon (4) aliis duobus hospitiis de novo constructis situatis in magna et comuni platea4 dicti burgi

1 Ms: comodo. 2  mandrachium antiquum: apparently the main harbour. 3 The street from the commerchium existed in 1358: Luttrell (2003), 122 and [197]. 4  magna et comunis platea, apparently the broad street or space running westwards from the commerchium: Manoussou-Della (2013), 97, figs. 8.3, 8.5.

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eadem circumcuitis, ac quodam alio magasino quod fuit Girardi de Imperato de Neapoli situato in dicto burgo iuxta macellum Rodi5 infra tales confines, ab una parte possidet Anthonius filius quondam Anthonii de Ambrosiis medici cirugici de Florencia et ab alia parte est dictum macellum; (5) item quodam alio magasino quod fuit Anthonii filii predicti quondam Anthonii de Ambrosiis contiguo suis possessionibus et confrontato ab alia parte cum dicto macello et cum meniis dicti burgi; (6) Quibusque pensione, censu seu servicio annuis centum et quinquaginta bisanciorum monete Rodi anno quolibet ac quatuor modiis frumenti super comuni thesauro nostre religionis percipiendis et habendis que fuerunt Anthonine de Garibaldis herede universali bonorum quondam Opitini de Garibaldis burgensis Rodi per vos emptis et acquisitis de peccuniis et arnesiis a Deo vobis collatis eidem cappellanie pro ipsius dote realiter assignatis pro certis cappellanis perpetuis ibidem Domino servituris, subiuncto et a nobis supplicato ut premissis fundat[i]oni, institutioni et dotationi nostrum extendere beneplacitum, consensum prebere et assensum per vos reservata super hoc specialiter dignaremur, et nos itaque vestris supplicationibus inclinati huiusmodi cappellanie fundationem, institutionem et dotationem ratas, gratas habentes et acceptas, easdem omniaque et singula que inde secuta et per vos ordinata sunt, que hiis presentibus pro expressis volumus haberi, si et prout modo et forma quibus disponere vobis placuit, de nostra certa scientia et speciali gracia tenore presentium approbamus, ratificamus et confirmamus. Quocirca universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus .. presentibus et futuris, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, sub virtute sancte obedientie precipimus ne contra predictas fundationem, institutionem, dotationem et nostram huiusmodi presentem confirmationem, ratificationem et approbationem venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illas servent. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die quarta mensis Iulii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo cccmo lxxxmo nono. [134] Avignon, 1 October 1389. The Master grants for his lifetime to papas Ligotetos carthofilax and to one of his sons whom he may choose for his lifetime, at three aspers a year payable for the garden, the churches of Saint Mary Calisteni and Saint John the Baptist in suburbiis civitatis nostre Rodi, together with the adjacent cells and garden, bounded on one side by the house of Asclanus de Lapreda, on another by the hospitium of Varnari, on another by the hospitium of Catarus, on another by the hospitium of Manoli Romaniti and by a public way, the properties being vacant through the death of papas Georgios Odiquitis, yconomos de Traquia; the Master removes papas Pizzola from possession of the said churches, cells, garden and of their rights and appurtenances, and orders him to hand over the liturgical ornaments, vestments, books, chalices and other liturgical items belonging to the said churches; Ligotetos is to conduct divine service

5 The macellum Rodi was somewhere near the walls [142]. A Rhodian macellator was a butcher: Luttrell (2003), 232. However, Gabriel, i. 12,Tsirpanlis (1995), 88, and Luttrell (2003), 61, 123, interpret macellum as an agora, market or square. It may have been a meat market.

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in both churches; papas Pizzola has taken an oath of fidelity to the Master and to the Order. [Malta 324, f. 140v (148v)]. Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. dilecto nobis in Christo pape Legoteti carthofilaches salutem in Domino. Meruit tue devotionis sinceritas ut te et tuos propter te paterno confoventes affectu precibus tuis quantum cum Deo possumus favorabiliter annuamus. Tuis itaque supplicationibus inclinati ecclesias Sancte Marie Calisteni1 et Sancti Iohannis Prodromi situatas et positas in suburbiis civitatis nostre Rodi2 insimul cum domiculis seu cellis et iardino illis contiguo, confrontatas ab una parte cum domo Asclani de Lapreda, ab alia parte cum hospitio de Varnari, ab parte alia cum hospitio de Catari, et ab parte alia cum hospitio Manoli Romaniti et cum una via publica, vacantes per mortem pape Georgii Odiquitis yconomos de Traquia et ad nostram dispositionem devolutas cum omnibus et singulis earum iuribus et pertinentiis habendas, tenendas et possidendas si et prout dictus quondam papa Georgius habuit et tenuit easdem, de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia tibi et uni filiorum tuorum secundum ritum grecorum susceptum vel procreandum de matrimonio legitimo quem eligendum ducxeris ad tuam et ipsius vitam, tenore presencium sub annuo censu trium asp[e]rorum pro dicto iardino in festo Assumptionis Beate Marie exolvendo concedimus et donamus bene et laudabiliter divina officia in dictis ecclesiis exercendo. Quocirca dicte domus fratribus nostrumlocumtenentibus, baillivis, prioribus et proceribus nostri Rodi conventus sub virtute sancte obediencie precipimus et mandamus ut, amoto a dictis ecclesiis, domiculis, cellis et iardino et earum iuribus papa Pizolla seu quovis alio per eos seu quemvis alium instituto et quem per presentes amovemus, ut te in possessionem dictarum ecclesiarum, cellarum, iardini, iurium et pertinenciarum inducant, induci faciant et ad ea admitti et ipsis gaudere [ornamenta, vestimenta, libros, calices et alia ad ipsas ecclesias et divinum officium spectantia tradi, assignari et restitui]3 paciffice non obstante quacunque provisione per eos facta dicto pape Piçolla et cuilibet alteri quam revocamus harum serie, eidem pape Georgio inhibentes sub sacramento fidelitatis quo nobis et nostre religioni tenetur pena alia nostro arbitrio reservanda ne regimine seu administratione dictarum ecclesiarum, cellarum, iardini, iurium et pertinenciarum quovis titulo se imisceat, ingerat seu aliqualiter se intromitat, necnon universis et singulis aliis fratribus domus nostre ac subdictis, hominibus et vassallis sub penis predictis ne contra presentem nostram huiusmodi donationem et gratiam aliquathenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent iuxta ipsius seriem et tenorem. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die prima mensis Octobris anno quo supra octuagesimo nono.

1 Ms: Calisterii. 2  Ligotetos was granted the two churches outside the walls in 1382 [122 and n. 1]. 3 Words inserted in margin.

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[135] Avignon, 2 August [1390]. The Master instructs Dragonetto Clavelli, citizen of Rhodes and the Master’s procurator there, not to make any grants of or allow any Hospitaller or secular to take wine from Archangelos and Malona; he may distribute only wine from Domasia. [Malta 324, f. 143 (151)]. Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. venerabili et provido viro Dragoneto Clavelli civi et procuratori nostro Rodi salutem in Domino et presentibus obedire. Ecce ex certa causa nos movente prohibemus ne cuiquam domus nostre fratri seu seculari cuiusvis conditionis existat pretextu alicuius donationis seu gratie per nos sibi facte seu fiende aut alias quovismodo detis seu consignetis aut permittatis capere de vinis de Archangelo et de Malona, quinymo sibi in eventu premisso detis et consignetis de vinis de Domasia1 dumtaxat. Data Avinione die secunda mensis Augusti anno quo supra. [136] Avignon, 2 August [1390]. The Master, being informed by Fr. Guillem Galliners Bailiff of Rhodes that Fr. Nicholaus de Valle has defrauded the Order of 400 modia of grain from Rhodes and elsewhere which he daily mis-measured from the granary, orders Fr. Nicholaus to restore the missing grain to Dragonetto Clavelli, the Master’s procurator. [Malta 324, f. 143–143v (151–151v)]. Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. religioso etc. fratri Nicholao de Valle domus eiusdem salutem etc. Sicut nobis dicte domus frater Guillermus Galiniers baillivus insule nostre Rodi per suas insinuavit literas vos frumentum, ordeum et alia grana que de insula nostra Rodi nostri parte etiam ab aliis aliunde1 provenientes recipiuntur per vos in graneis seu horreis fecistis et facitis cotidie mensurari ad modum terre Rodi2 desuper barra ferrea per duos vel per tres digitos, de quaquidem rasura sumus in dampno de quadringentis modiis frumenti de quibus nos reddere volentes indempnem necnon et alios quos tangit, vobis tenore presencium sub virtute sancte obediencie precipimus et mandamus quatenus venerabili et provido viro Dragoneto Clavelli procuratori nostro dampna que occasione dicte rasure ut prefertur sumus passi reddere et restituere habeatis et pariter aliis lesis ex facto huiusmodi rasure a talibus a cetero precaventes, quoniam non possemus ea impunita sub dissimulatione preterire. Data Avinione die secunda mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini mo cccmo nonagesimo. [137] Avignon, 2 August 1390. The Master confirms the foundation by Nicholaus Belloch, habitator of Rhodes, of a church or chapel of Saint Onofrius which he built and endowed, together with the institution of a chaplain, all done with the licence of the Master’s Lieutenant Fr. Pierre de Culant; the church, outside the suburbs of Rhodes town in the contrata of Helemonitra, is bordered to the east by the public way which goes to Aquatum and to the south by the road to Feraklos. [Malta 324, f. 144 (152)]. 1  Apparently a place-name. 1 Ms: aliumde. 2 Ms: et Rodi.

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Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Nicholao Belluch1 habitatori nostro Rodi salutem in Domino. Sincere devocionis affectus quem ad nos et nostrum geris ordinem promeretur ut te favore benivolo prosequentes petitionibus tuis quas tue salutem anime sapere et divini cultus augmentum concernere prospicimus quantum comode possumus favorabiliter annuamus. Exhibita siquidem nobis pro parte tua humilis peticio continebat quod cum tu de salute propria cogitans acque cupiens terrena pro celestibus et transitoria pro eternis felici comercio commutare ad honorem Beati Honofrii ecclesiam quandam situatam extra suburbia terre nostre Rodi in contracta vocata Helemonitra,2 confrontatam a parte levantis cum via publica qua itur ad Aquatum,3 et a parte merediei cum via que vadit a Feroclus, fieri, edificari et construi feceris et certis bonis pro uno capellano per te in eadem instituendo dotaveris de beneplacito domus nostre fratris Petri de Culento nostrumlocumtenentis4 ipsiusque confirmatione de premissis obtenta quodque in futurum in predictis nullatenus molestari valeas, pro tui parte a nobis extitit supplicatum ut tibi super hoc opportuno providere remedio dignaremur. Nos itaque huiusmodi supplicationibus inclinati prelibate ecclesie seu capelle fundationem, constructionem, dotationem, capellani institutionem et predicti nostrilocumtenentis approbationem et confirmationem ratas, gratas et acceptas habentes easdem et omnia et singula que inde secuta et per te et dictum nostrumlocumtenentem in premissis ordinata sunt, que hiis presentibus pro expressis volumus haberi si et prout modo et forma quibus disponere voluisti, de nostra certa scientia et et speciali gratia tenore presentium approbamus, ratificamus et confirmamus. Quocirca universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus .. presentibus et futuris, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, sub virtute sancte obedientie precipimus ne contra predictas fundationem, constructionem, institutionem, donationem ecclesie seu capelle huiusmodi necnon nostram presentem confirmationem, ratificationem et approbationem venire presumant, quiny[mo] efficaciter illas servent iuxta ipsarum seriem et tenorem. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die secunda mensis Augusti anno Incarnacionis Domini mmo cccmo nonagesimo. [138] Avignon, 4 August 1390. The Master quits his procurator Dragonetto Clavelli, civis of Rhodes, for his accounts for the island, town and Castellany of Rhodes and for other incomes down to 31 August 1390. [Malta 324, f. 143v (151v)]. Universis et singulis inspecturis et audituris presentes recognitionis et quittantie litteras nos frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. notum facimus in verbo veritatis testamur et harum serie publice recognoscimus quoniam subscriptis

1 The Belloch family were Latins, possibly of the Bellochs of Girona who were already closely connected to Rhodes and to the Hospital: Luttrell (2003), 47 and n. 235; Bonneaud (2004), 350. 2  Possibly the same as the Latin church of Saint Onofrius existing in 1351 [47]. Cf. supra, 59. 3  Aquatum, drinking place? Cf. ad aquatorii sive a Bevedor: Tsirpanlis (1995), 567–71. 4  Lieutenant on Rhodes from 1382 to 1396.

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anno,1 mense, die et loco habitationis nostre nobis dicto magistro venerabilis et circu[m]spectus vir Dragonetus Clavelli civis Rodi et procurator noster assignavit, reddidit verum computum, fecit et posuit legitimam rationem de omnibus et singulis per ipsum Dragonetum nostro nomine receptis, habitis, exactis, gestis, administratis missionibus et expensis tam de insule et terre et castellanie nostre Rodi et aliarum fructibus, redditibus, proventibus, peccuniis, rebus, bonis, emolumentis quam quibuslibet aliis undecumque provenientibus in quibuscumque consistant et quovis nomine nuncupentur nobis debitis et pertinentibus ex quovis titulo, ratione seu causa de toto tempore preterito et anno presenti nonagesimo per totum mensem presentem Augusti finiendo et ex eodem anno nondum perceptis per eum in huiusmodi computo seu ratione inclusis comprehensis, dicto Dragoneto pertinentibus usque ad primum diem instantis inmediati mensis Septembris anni nonagesimi primi secundum cursum et computationem insule predicte etc. De quibusquippe computo et ratione per dictum Dragonetum civem et procuratorem nostrum nobis prefato magistro bene et fideliter redditis, positis, factis atque assignatis et per nos diligenter examinatis et calculatis de tempore, anno et mense superius designatis ac universis et singulis aliis tam specialiter quam generaliter nos plenarie contenti nostro et dicte nostre domus nomine acque vice de nostra certa scientia eundem Dragonetum, heredes et successores suos ipsius et eorum bona mobilia et inmobilia presentia et futura auctoritate presentium tam specialiter quam generaliter liberamus, absolvimus et quittamus. Quocirca universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus, quacumque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris sub virtute sancte obedientie precipimus et mandamus ne contra presentes nostras huiusmodi recognitionis, liberationis, absolutionis et quittationis litteras aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illas servent. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die quarta mensis Augusti anno quo supra nonagesimo. [139] Avignon, 13 August [1390]. The Master instructs Dragonetto Clavelli his procurator that, since many serfs and other farmers on Rhodes lack plough oxen, on reaching Rhodes he should summon the Bailiff of Rhodes to ascertain how many oxen would be needed, buy them at the Master’s expense and secure their transport to Rhodes. [Malta 324, f. 149 (154)]. Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. venerabili et provido viro Dragoneto Clavelli civi nostro Rodi et procuratori salutem in Domino et presentibus obedire. Prout accepimus sunt in insula nostra Rodi servi plures et alii experti in agrisculturis qui boves arabiles non habent, deffectu quorum sustinemus incomoda plurima, quibus obviare volentes vobis tenore presentium committimus et mandamus quatenus dum Rodum applicueritis, videatis et perscrutari faciatis, vocato baillivo dicte insule, quot paria bovum ex causa huiusmodi agrisculture opus sit 1  According to the cursus of Rhodes the year 1391 began on 1 September 1390. Magistral bulls of 9 and 10 August 1390 employed the same cursus: Malta 324, f. 148v (153v).

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habere et indilate faciatis tot emi et Rodum adduci de peccuniis nostris. Et tot quot pervenerint provide1 distribuantur servis et aliis ad hoc ydoneis ad nostram et ipsorum utilitatem. Et in premissorum executione non interveniat deffectus. Et quidquid proinde exposueritis pro receptis et habitis in vestris computis volumus apponi. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die xiiia mensis Augusti anno quo supra. [140] Avignon, 12 September 1390. The Master grants for life to Fr. Louis de Saint Julian two pieces of vineyard and a iardinum with a hospitium and grotto in the territorium of Villanova, that is one vine bordered to the east by the vineyard and iardinum of the late Stepi Lippi, to the west by the road from Villanova to Cobocle and to Saint George Paraialiti, to the south by the road from Villanova to Kremasti and to the north by the field of the late Fr. Georgius de Monte Alto who held the said vineyard, together with the other vineyard and iardinum with hospitium and grotto in the same place. The latter possessions once belonged to a late dean of Rhodes and are in the place called Cobocle, bordered to the west by the vineyard of papas Guillamini, to the south by the hill called Villanova and to the north by the road from Villanova to Kremasti; they were lately granted to Fr. Guillem Vierges, Commander of Sanper de Calanda, and then taken from him. The Bailiff of Rhodes is to induct Fr. Louis or his procurators into possession. [Malta 324, f. 94–94v (103–103v). In margin prioratus Acquitanie]. Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. religioso etc. fratri Ludovico de Sancto Iuliano domus eiusdem salutem etc. Specialis dilectio quam ad vos gerimus et alie rationabiles cause nos inducentes duas pecias vine, iardinum cum hospicio et crota in insula nostra Rodi in territorio seu loco Ville Nove situata et posita, videlicet vineam unam confrontatam ab ortu solis cum vinea et iardino quondam Stepi1 Lippi, a parte ponentis cum itinere quo itur de dicto loco Villa Nove ad locum de Cobocle et ad Sanctum Georgium vulgariter vocatum Parayliti,2 a parte meridiei cum itinere quo itur de Villanova versus Cremesto, et a parte tramontane3 cum campo vel terra quondam fratris Georgii de Monte Alto cuius fuit dicta vinea, necnon vineam et iardinum cum hospicio et crota in dicto loco situata que fuerunt quondam decani Colocensis vocata vulgariter Cobocle, confrontata a parte ponentis cum vinea pape Guillamini, a parte meridiei cum montanea vocata de Villanova, et a parte transmontane cum itinere quo itur de Villanova versus locum de Cremesto, nuper per nos concessa4 dicte domus fratri Guillelmo de Vierges preceptori Sancti Petri de Calanda et extracta ab eodem ex certa causa nos movente et ad nos advocata cum omnibus et singulis eorum dependentiis et iuribus, et prout bona predicta dictus

1 Or pro inde. 1 Or Stopi? 2 The church once on the sea shore [110, 169]. 3 Ms: tramontantane. 4 Ms: concessam before correction.

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frater Guillelmus habuit, tenuit et possedit, habenda, tenenda et possidenda de voluntate, consilio et assensu dicte domus fratrum nobis assistencium ad vitam vestram, ita quod bona huiusmodi impignorare, dare, distrahere, vendere seu alienare nullatenus possitis, conferimus et donamus. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie dicte domus fratribus, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram donationem venire presumant, quinymo illam servent iuxta ipsarum seriem et tenorem, necnon domus eiusdem fratri .. baillivo dicte insule seu baillivatus officio fungenti presenti et futuro ut vos seu procuratores vestros vestro nomine in assembleiam bonorum huiusmodi inducat et conservet inductum et faciat ipsorum bonis et emolumentis integre responderi omni contradictione remota. In cuius etc. Data Avinone die xiia mensis Septembris anno quo supra nonagesimo. [141] Avignon, 17 September 1390. The Master orders Dragonetto Clavelli, his procurator on Rhodes, to give the Lieutenant and Convent on Rhodes 12,000 florins of Avignon in money, grain, barley, wine, sugar and in other incomes from Rhodes by 31 August 1391. [Malta 324, f. 162v (167v)]. Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. venerabili et discreto viro Dragoneto Clavelli civi et procuratori nostro Rodi salutem in Domino et presentibus dare fidem. Ecce volumus et vobis tenore presencium mandamus quatenus dicte domus fratribus nostrumlocu[m]tenenti, baillivis, prioribus et proceribus nostri Rodi conventus et eidem conventui hinc per totum proxime futurum mensem Augusti detis, tradetis et consignetis nostro nomine summam seu quantitatem seu valorem duodecim millia florenorum currencium in Avinione tam in peccunia numerata, frumento, ordeo quam vino et zucaro de bonis, rebus, proventibus et emolumentis insule nostre Rodi per vos receptis seu habendis. Et facta dicte quantitatis duodecim millia florenorum in Avinione currentium ut prescribitur consignatione et traditione, recipiatis ab eisdem recognitionem huiusmodi quantitatis recepte et habite presentesque retineatis penes vos incisas. In cuius rei testimonium etc. Data Avinione die decima septima mensis Septembris anno quo supra nonagesimo. [142] Rhodes, 20 April 1391. Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples and Santo Stefano di Monopoli, with a licence of 4 April 1391 from Fr. Pierre de Culant, Marshal and the Master’s Lieutenant in the East, and from the Convent, endows the hospice of Saint Catharine and its internal chapel which he had founded and constructed in the borgo of Rhodes near the walls by the mole, establishing that following his own death and that of Fr. Buffillo Panizzati their iuspatronatus should pass to the Admiral who is of the Italian langue and who should appoint a secular procurator to administer the hospice and its endowments, and should, with the counsel of one or two burgenses of Rhodes, appoint two chaplains to celebrate a mass for the dead on the feast of the Virgin in September and on the anniversary of Fr. Domenico’s death; the chaplains may have a cleric to serve them who should receive a salary and 210

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victuals; the Admiral is to see that the chapel is lit and furnished, and if there is a surplus he is to buy further possessions to add to the number of chaplains. The endowment consists of three mills, the ninth, tenth and fourteenth on the harbour mole; two adjacent houses near the macellum burgi Rhodi which are bounded by the street behind the walls of the borgo on three sides; two adjacent magasena in the borgo in the contrata of the Porta Arnaldi, bounded to the front by a public way, to another side by the magasenum of the Greek Micali Coihero, on another by the house of Maurizio Cibo, and to the rear by the walls of the borgo; another, new magasenum near the Porta Arnaldi with public ways on two sides, on another the magasenum of Nano Giovanni of Florence, and behind it the walls of the borgo; another magasenum near the mandrachium purchased from the heirs of the late noble Bartolomeo Assanti, bounded on all sides by public ways, except at the back where it is bounded by the walls of the borgo; certain lands with vines and trees in the place called La Finicha, purchased from the heirs of the late priest Georgius. A notarial act was drawn up in the camera magna cubicularia in the Magistral palace in the presence of Fr. Piccono de Fossato, Fr. Lodovico Vagnone, Fr. Beltramo de Marra and others. [Inserted in a Magistral confirmation dated Avignon, 2 July 1392: Malta 326, f. 129–131 (137–139), at f. 130–131 (138–139); extracts, with errors, in Gabriel, ii. 227–8]. In nomine Domini amen. Anno Dominice Nativitatis millesimo tricentesimo nonagesimo primo, indictione xiiia, die vigesima Aprilis inter nonam et vesperas, pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris et domini domini C(lementis) pape vii anno xiiio reverendus in Christo pater et dominus dominus frater Dominicus de Allamania preceptor domorum Neapolis et Sancti Stephani prope Monopolum ordinis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani pro anime sue salute a longe prospiciens ac cupiens terrena pro celestibus et transitoria pro eternis felici comercio commutare, quoddam hospitale cum quadam capella interius fabricata sub nomine virginis Katherine fondavit, hedificavit ac instrui fecit in burgo Rodi iuxta menia porte scilicet1 moduli, et de reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini domini fratris Petri de Cullanto manescalli et locumtenentis reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini domini fratris Iohannis Ferdinandi d’Eredia Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani humilis magistri et pauperum Christi custodis dignissimi aliorumque baillivorum, procerum et fratrum hic in conventu Rodi consistencium licentia speciali, de qua apparet publicis litteris viridi cerea bulla dicti reverendissimi domini .. locumtenentis munitis hoc anno die quarta Aprilis mensis currentis, eandem capellam simul et hospitale de bonis a Deo sibi collatis et inferius particulariter annotatis dotavit et insignivit ac modo de novo donat, dottat, disponit et ordinat prout infra, videlicet quod post transitum suum et religiosi viri domini fratris Buffilli de Paniçatis ordinis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitane reservat omne ius patronatus reverendissimo domino .. amirato lingue Italice qui pro tempore erit quod ipse primo providere specialiter habeat de uno bono et ydoneo viro seculari 1 Ms: silicet.

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qui debeat procurare, gubernare, regere et administrare omnia bona inferius annotata eisdem hospitali et capelle donata et concessa. Item quod prefatus dominus .. amiratus habeat et habere debeat cum et de consilio unius vel duorum burgensium ex melioribus qui tunc erunt in Rodo in dicta capella ponere duos capellanos bone conditionis et fame qui debeant ibi continuatis diebus adminus missam unam celebrare de die, prout fuerit opus de feria sive festo, salvo quod in festo Virginis Gloriose de mense Septenbris annuatim in comemoratione mortuorum teneantur missam celebrare devote necnon similiter annuatim in illa die propria qua prefatus dominus Neapolitanus .. preceptor de hac vita decedet. Qui duo cappelani habere possint et tenere unum clericum qui eis et cuilibet ipsorum serviat et faciat que sibi imponent et mandabunt, et qui omnes tam pro salario quam pro victu ipsorum et cuilibet eorum habeant et habere debeant, secundum et prout prefatus dominus .. amiratus cum uno vel duobus burgensibus prout supra ordinabit et volet. Item quod dictus dominus .. amiratus faciat eisdem capelle et hospitali exhibere et ministrare necessaria luminaria ollei et cere, strapontas,2 lentiamina et omnia et singula que eisdem hospitali et capelle fuerint opportuna, ita quod ipsum hospitale dictaque capella pannis, libris, calicibus, strapontis, lentiaminibus et aliis sibi necessariis nullo unquam tempore defraudetur vel deffectum aliquod quomodolibet patiatur. Item quod si redditus infrascriptorum bonorum eisdem capelle et hospitali ut supra concessorum et donatorum expense fiende vel quando fieri occurrerint in eis, superadent, teneatur et debeat prefatus dominus .. amiratus unacum et de consilio unius vel duorum burgensium de Rodo prout supra de dictis talibus proventibus emere et titulo emptionis acquirere nomine dictorum hospitalis et capelle alias possessiones et bona in illis locis et partibus de quibus et prout melius et utilius viderit expedire. Proventus et redditus quorunquidem b­ onorum tam ut supra donatorum quam decetero donandorum vel acquirendorum convertantur et expendantur in indigenciis et opportunitatibus dictorum hospitalis et capelle ac in augmentando numerum dictorum capellanorum duorum. Quequidem donata sunt ista tria molendina posita in modulo portus Rodi, videlicet primum in ordine nonum, decimum et quartumdecimum; item domus due contingue site et posite prope macellum burgi Rodi, quibus coheret a tribus partibus via publica retro vero menia burgi Rodi; item magasena duo contigua posita et sita in burgo Rodi in contrata vocata La Porta de Alnardo, quibus coh[er]ent antea via publica ab una parte magasenum Micali Coihero greci et ab alia domus Mauricii Cibo, retro vero menia burgi Rodi; item aliud magasenum novum situm iuxta portam Alnardi cui coheret a duabus partibus via publica ab alia magasenum Nani Iohannis de Florentia et retro menia burgi Rodi; item aliud magasenum positum iuxta mandrachium emptum ab heredibus condam nobilis viri Bartholomei 2  straponta: liturgical hangings.

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Assanti, cui coheret ab omnibus partibus via publica salvo retro menia burgi Rodi;3 item possessiones quedam vineate et alborate in insula Rodi loco ubi dicitur La Finicha empte et acquisite ab heredibus condam presbiteri Georgii. R(enuncian)s exceptioni dicte donationis ac dispositionis ut supra non facte vel sic non esse vel se non sic habentis, doli mali, metus in factum, actioni, condictioni sine causa vel ex iniusta causa et omni iure. Quamquidem donationem pariter et dispositionem et omnia et singula ut supra contenta prefatus dominus Neapolitanus .. preceptor promisit et convenit ratam, gratam et firmam et rata, grata et firma habere et tenere et attendere, complere et observare et contra in aliquo non facere vel venire aliqua ratione, occasione vel causa, que modo aliquo vel ingenio de iure vel de facto dici vel excogitari posset sub pena dupli eius in quo sive de quo contrafactum fuerit vel ut supra non observatum, cum restitutione omnium dampnorum, interesse et expensarum que propterea fierent litis et extra, ratis man(entibus) omnibus et singulis supradictis. Et proinde et ad sic observandum prefatus dominus .. preceptor Neapolis pignore ypothecavit et obligavit omnia eius bona presentia et futura. Actum Rodi in camera magna cubicularia reverendissimi domini .. magistri domus Iherosolimitani, presentibus testibus venerabilibus viris domino fratre Picono de Fossato, domino fratre4 Ludovico Goagnono, domino fratre5 Beltrame de Marra, omnibus ordinis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani, Steffano Gatulla et Innosio de Agullia vocatis specialiter et rogatis. Ego Manuel de Valente de Rappalo imperiali auctoritate notarius predictis omnibus interfui et rogatus scripsi signumque meum in instrumentis apponi solitum apposui in testimonium et cautelam omnium premissorum. [143] Avignon, 20 September 1391. The Master intervenes in the cases between the brothers Nicolaos and Nicephorus Crossocopoulos, plaintiffs, and Johannes Falconerii, defendant, before magister Bartolomeo, judge ordinary in the Rhodian curia, over a vineyard [which they won], and thereafter between Anna Stratigissa plaintiff and Nicolaos defendant, before magister Ameliarius, judge ordinary in the Rhodian curia, and subsequently before Buchius de Mutis, judge of appeals; sentence was given in favour of Anna. Nicolaos appealed to the Master in Avignon who consulted his counsellors and certain professors of canon and civil law who decided that the judgements of Ameliarius and Buchius should be quashed and the case reheard. Nicolaos claimed that the Archbishop of Rhodes had found in his favour but he himself had failed to bring the archbishop’s sentence to Avignon; the Master instructs Fr. Pierre de Culant, Marshal and the Master’s Lieutenant, that if in the meantime Nicolaos should be expelled from the vineyard as a 3 This mandrachium was the main harbour, given the vicinity of the walls of the Borgo, of the macellum and of the Porta Arnaldi at the south-east corner of the castrum: Luttrell (2003), 255 n. 755; Manoussou-Della (2013), 97, fig. 8.3. 4 Ms: fratri. 5 Ms: fratri.

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result of a judgement by Buchius he, Nicolaos, should be restored to its possession and its fruits until the case be determined. [Malta 325, f. 162v –163 (156v –157)]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso etc. fratri Petro de Culento nostrumlocu[m] tenenti et marescallo nostri Rodi conventus domus eiusdem etc. Cum in causa iamque inter Nicolaum et Nicheforum Crossocopolo fratres agentes et Iohannem Falconerii defendentem coram venerabili et provido viro magistro Bartholomeo super quadam vinea pro ipsis agent[ibus], deinde pro eadem vinea inter Annam Stratigissa agentem et dictum Nicolaum defendentem coram magistro Ameliario iudicibus ordinariis curie nostre Rodi, et expost inter eosdem coram domino Buchio de Mutis iudice appellationum et pro ipsa Anna fuerunt certi processus habiti et sententie hincinde per eos prolate, producte et presentate nobis per dictum Nicolaum, quos processus et sententias de ipsorum meritis et veritate certiori volentes exhiberi tradi fecimus nostris consiliariis et advocatis utriusque iuris professoribus et per eos videri et verificari, quorum relatibus nobis factis, eciam in scriptis pluribus ostensis causis et allegationibus, accepimus dictorum Ameliarii ordinarii et Buchii appellationum iudicum processus et sententias mere vicio nullitatis deffectu litis contestationis1 et debere a capite in huiusmodi causa incipere et litem contest[are]. Resumptis ipsis processibus et auditis partium predictarum iuribus a quibus dictam Annam sententia2 dicti Bartholomei iudicis non excludit, pars obtineat que potiora iura producet. Et expost dictus Nicolaus nobis exposuerit in huiusmodi causa commissa archiepiscopo Collocensi ab eodem pro se super dicta vinea sententiam rite et iuridice latam obtinuisse, quam secum huc portare per inadvertentiam omisit, de qua sententia nobis fidem facere se paratum obtulit debito et compettenti tempore. Proinde a nobis supplicans nosque requirens debito iustitie, quod presentem causam ad nos advocare cum iter arreptum ad nos veniendi loco appellationis habeatur, sibique providere ne pretextu seu occasione dicte sententie domini Buchii iudicis appellationum contra ipsum prolate a possessione dicte vinee expellatur et casu quo ab ea expulsus fuerit, ipsum restitui cum fructibus perceptis, in possessionem ipsius vinee reduci et reponi in pristinum statum faceremus et tueri in ipsa absque molestatione, usquequo per nos huiusmodi questio terminetur. Nos itaque dicti Nicolai supplicatione et requisitione admissis ex certis veris causis nos moventibus causam et questionem huiusmodi ad nos advocantes vobis tenore presentium committimus et mandamus quatenus dictum Nicolaum occasione sententie dicti iudicis appellationum super dicta vinea nullatenus molestari, inquietari in ea permittatis, et casu quo pretextu dicte sententie a dicta vinea ipsiusque possessione expulsus fuisset, habeatis et mandetis et faciatis ipsum restitui in possessionem ipsius vinee cum fructibus inde ab eodem a quoquam perceptis ipsum mandare facere restitui cum fructibus perceptis, in possessionem dicte vinee reduci, reponi 1  lis contestatio: action for calling witnesses which is necessary to initiate a case. 2 Ms: sententiam.

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in pristinum statum, deffendere, tueri in ipsa absque3 molestatione curaretis,4 usquequo per nos huiusmodi questio terminetur. Nos itaque dicti Nicolai supplicatione et requisitione admissis, eatenus veritate nituntur, ex certis causis nos moventibus causam et questionem huiusmodi ad nos advocantes vobis tenore presentium committimus et mandamus quatenus dictum Nicolaum super ipsa vinea occasione sententie dicti iudicis appellationum nullatenus molestari, inquietari permittatis et casu quo a dicta vinea ipsiusque possessione5 expulsus fuisset, mandetis et faciatis ipsum restitui in possessionem ipsius cum fructibus inde perceptis, necnon omnia et singula attemptata contra dictum Nicolaum et in eius preiudicium occasione dicte sententie revocari et reduci ad pristinum statum et que omnia et singula per presentes revocamus. Data Avinione die xxa mensis Septembris anno quo supra nonagesimo primo. [144] Avignon, 6 November 1391. The Master enfeoffs in perpetuity to Nicolino de Lippo, civis of Rhodes and his familiarius, and to Nicolino’s legitimate and natural male heirs that third of the casale of Lardos vacant through the death of Ferrando de Vignoli;1 the merum et mixtum imperium and the pena sanguinis are reserved and the fief and its serfs may not be alienated; the oath of homage and fidelity is inserted, the three condomini are to give four rotuli of wax a year and to provide the service at their own expense of one armed Latin man and a packhorse as often as required in defence of the island and outside it in Turquia or elsewhere. [Malta 326, f. 127v –128v (135v –136v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. nobili viro Nicolino de Lippo civi Rodi et familiari nostro salutem et sincerum in Domino caritatis affettum. Grata vestre familiaritatis et devotionis obsequia que nobis et nostre dicte domui fideliter per multa tempora impendidistis et continua prosecutione impendere non sinitis, rationabiliter promerentur quod vos et vestros propter vos dono specialis gracie prosequamur. Hinc est quod casale de Lardo seu vocatum Lardo cuius directum dominium ad nos et religionem nostram spectare dignoscitur pleno iure, consuetum per predecessores nostros personis secularibus infeudari, nuper ad manus nostras de iure per mortem Ferrandi de Vignollis pro tercio indiviso dicti casalis condomini ipsiusque omne ius devolutum, situatum in insula nostra Rodi cum omnibus et singulis iuribus et pertinentiis suis, terris cultis et incultis, possessionibus, nemoribus, locis, aquis, aquarum decursibus, montanis, pratis, pascuis, molendinis, vallibus, hominibus, villanis, servis sexus utriusque, iuribus, rationibus, pertinentiis et appendentiis omnibus et singulis, et cum quibus dictus quondam Ferrandus et sub eisdem pactis, modis et conditionibus illud casale habuit, tenuit et possedit, vobis, heredibus et successoribus vestris et ab eis et quolibet ipsorum descendentibus matrimonio procreatis et procreandis 3 Ms: atque. 4 Ms: curaremus. 5 Ms: possessionem. 1  Ferrando was described as bastardus in 1393 [156]; hence maybe the emphasis on legitimacy.

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legitimo masculis per imperpetuum de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia in aliquali remuneratione et recompensatione premissorum obsequiorum in quantum ad nos spectet et pertineat, iure alieno semper salvo, in feudum nobile et iure feudi auctoritate presencium de voluntate et assensu domus nostre fratrum .. nobis assistencium donamus, concedimus et harum serie infeudamus habendum, tenendum, possidendum per vos, vestros heredes et successores legitimos et naturales masculos inperpetuum, mero tamen et mixto imperio, superioritatis et fidelitatis debito et quacunque pena sanguinis salvis et specialiter reservatis, etiam quod in aliam personam dictum casale transferri, impignorari, dari, alienari nullatenus valeat neque ipsius servi sexus utriusque, que omnia et singula premissa ac ex eis dependentia nobis, successoribus nostris et dicte domui in signum superioritatis et supremi dominii iure proprio reservamus. Dantes et concedentes vobis presenti et recipienti nomine vestro et vestrorum heredum et ex eisdem descendentium filiorum masculorum dicti casalis pro tercio indiviso et omnium iurium ipsius pacificam corporalem possessionem accipiendi et habendi potestatem ac deinceps acceptam et habitam retinendi. Promictentes per nos et successores nostros vobis, heredibus vestris ac ex eis descendentibus filiis masculis legitime procreatis imperpetuum litem, questionem, controversiam aliquam de dicto casali et feudo vel eius iuribus pro tercio indiviso, ut dictum est, nullo tempore inferre seu inferenti consentire quoquomodo, sed ipsum casale et feudum pro tercio indiviso et omnia et singula predicta ab omni persona et universitate defendere, auctorizare, garentire et in dicto feudo vos, heredes et successores vestros et ab eis descendentes filios masculos imperpetuum manutenere et servare, ac nostram presentem donationem, sicut supra per ordinem denotatur, perpetuo ratam, gratam et firmam habere, tenere nec contrafacere seu venire per nos vel alium seu alios de iure vel de facto aliqua causa, ingenio vel colore sub ypotheca et obligatione bonorum nostrorum [et] nostre dicte domus presentium et futurorum. Insuper formam homagii et fidelitatis sacramentum per vos vestro ac heredum vestrorum ac ex eis descendentium filiorum masculorum imperpetuum nomine atque vice nobis ratione dicti feudi prestiti presentibus inseri fecimus que talis est: Ego prefatus Nicolinus pro me et meis heredibus et ab eisdem descendentibus et eorum quolibet filiis masculis imperpetuum promitto et iuro ad hec sancta Dei evvangelia manibus propriis tacta exnunc imperpetuum vobis reverendissimo in Christo patri domino magistro predicto et vestris successoribus canonice intrantibus conventui vestro Rodi ac vestre sacre domui supradicte fidelem esse vassalum vosque, successores vestros, conventum et domum Hospitalis predicti et fratres, bona, res, iura et honores vestros et successorum vestrorum et dicte sacre domus pro posse nostro fideliter servare et procurare et nullatenus machinari contractare per me vel alium aliquid quod in detrimentum, periculum, dampnum seu contumeliam personarum premissi vestri domini magistri et successorum vestrorum et fratrum aliorum dicte domus ac rerum, bonorum, iurium et honorum vestrorum et dicte domus verti et redundare 216

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posset. Quinymo si quid in contrarium contractari, machinari vel procurari senserim, id velocius quam potero vobis dicto domino magistro et vestris successoribus et domui indicabo, et quidquid michi sub fide et credencia a vobis et vestris successoribus seu domo comissum, iniunctumve impositum fuerit, fideliter retinere et sine vestra aut successorum vestrorum licentia non pandere nec, per quod pandatur facere, necnon vestras et successorum personas, res, iura et honores vestros et domus predicte, ut predicitur, adversus quoscumque tueri, defendere et totis viribus adiuvare et utile prebere consilium et auxilium et favorem et generaliter puram et meram fidelitatem vobis et vestris successoribus et dicte sacre domui per omnia observare. Insuper ultra fidelitatem predictam et ea que sub ipsa naturaliter includuntur quod vos, heredes vestri nati et nascituri ex corpore vestro et uxore legitima masculi et ex eis et eorum quolibet per imperpetuum descendentes masculi legitimi et naturales teneamini et teneantur anno quolibet in festo Nativitatis Beati Iohannis Baptiste dare et solvere nobis seu successoribus nostris et dicte domui insimul cum aliis condominis dicti casalis pro annuo servitio quatuor rotulos cere in torcitis et ad defentionem et custodiam dicte insule nostre Rodi servire ad expensas proprias de uno homine latino et uno roncino armatis bonis et sufficientibus infra ipsam insulam et extra in Turquiam vel alibi quo ibit exercitus Hospitalis quando et quociens opus fuerit et per nos et successores nostros fuerit et fuerint super hoc requisitis. Post cuius homagii et fidelitatis sacramenti prestationem ut premittitur per vos quo supra nomine nobis factam in robur et efficatiorem cauthelam donationis dicti feudi per cirotecam, nos prelibatus magister vos quo supra nomine de dicto feudo investimus pacis osculo2 interveniente. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel conditionis existant, sub virtute sancte obediencie districte mandantes precipimus ne contra predicta vel aliquid predictorum aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo illa inviolabiliter studeant observare. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die sexta mensis Novembris anno Incarnacionis Domini mmo cccmo nonagesimo primo. [145] Avignon, 16 December 1391. The Master grants for life at the accustomed census to his familiaris Formice de Thasena a two-storey house and a iardinum which have devolved to the Master through the death of the noble Bernard de Nogaret alias Nebot; they are situated in the Castellany of Rhodes outside the suburbia of the city in the contrata of Quiporia. [Malta 325, f. 163v –164 (157v –158)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Formice de Thasena familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Quia ex premio fides crescit et remunerata servicia ad obsequendum ferventius solicitant servitores non indigne fidelia accepta servicia tua nobis et nostre prestita religioni in cis- et ultramarinis et que continua prosecutione impendere non desinis remuneratione prosequimur gratie specialis. 2 Ms: obsculo.

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Quamobrem quedam hospicia bassa et alta et iardinum que fuerunt quondam nobilis viri Bernardi de Nogareto alias Nebot per eius obitum ad nos devoluta, sita et posita in insula nostra1 Rodi infra castellaniam Rodi extra suburbia civitatis Rodi in contratta vocata Quiporia cum omnibus confrontationibus, viis, ingressibus, egressibus suis, iuribus, pertinentiis, cum quibus et prout illa dictus olim Bernardus tenuit, habuit et possedit, et sub censu annuo aliisque oneribus solvi inde consuetis habenda, tenenda, possidenda, utifruenda quamdiu vixeris tibi tenore presentium de nostra certa scientia concedimus et donamus. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obedientie religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri .. vicesgerenti castellani dicte castellanie nostre Rodi et eiusdem quovis titulo nunc et imposterum presidenti regimini ut te vel procuratorem tuum in possessionem dictorum hospiciorum et iardini indilate presentibus receptis inducat seu induci faciat et inductum conservet omni excusatione remota, et ipsorum fructibus, iuribus, bonis et emolumentis omnibus tibi faciat integre responderi, amoto ab inde quolibet detentore si quis sit et quem amovemus per presentes et decernimus amovendum, necnon omnibus et singulis dicte domus fratribus, quacumque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram donationem aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymmo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die xvia mensis Decembris anno quo supra nonagesimo primo. [146] Avignon, 10 June 1392. The Master grants to his familiaris Ludovicus d’Andrea and his successors at the accustomed census the hospicia, gardens, lands and vines at Cardamatha formerly held by the late Fr. Gondofredus de Gengest, Bailiff of Rhodes, and then by Fr. Pierre Gaiche, but which have devolved to the Master. [Malta 326, f. 128v –129 (136v –137)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Ludovico d’Andrea familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Quia ex premio fides crescit et remunerata servitia ad obsequendum ferventius solicitant servitores non indigne fidelia et accepta tua servicia nobis et nostre religioni prestita et que speramus te inantea prestiturum remuneratione prosequimur gracie specialis. Quamobrem hospicia quedam situata in insula nostra Rodi in loco dicto Cardamatha ac virideria, terras, vineas quascunque que fuerunt quondam fratris Gondofredi de Gengest baillivi dicte insule ob ipsius obitum per nos nuper concessa dicte domus fratri Petro Gaiche,1 et ex certis causis ad manus nostras advocata, posita et devoluta cum omnibus et singulis iuribus et pertinentiis suis et cum quibus huiusmodi hospicia, virideria, terras et vineas fratres prefati tenuerunt [et] habuerunt per te, heredes et succesores tuos habenda, tenenda et possidenda sub annuo censu et aliis oneribus solvi et supportari consuetis de nostra certa scientia et speciali gracia tibi, heredibus 1 Ms: insulam nostram. 1 Fr. Pierre Gaiche, Commander of Jallès, was due to leave for Rhodes in 1391: Delaville (1913), 229 n. 3.

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et successoribus tuis tenore presencium conferimus et donamus, ita tamen quod hospicia, terre et possessiones predicte per te, heredes et successores tuos nullatenus vendi, alienari, impignorari seu in aliam transferri personam nullatenus possint sine nostra speciali licencia. Quocirca religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri .. baillivo dicte insule harum serie committimus et mandamus sub virtute sancte obedientie, quatenus te seu procuratorem tuum nomine tuo, heredum et successorum tuorum in possessionem corporalem pacificam et quietam hospiciorum, viridariorum, terrarum, vinearum et possessionum huiusmodi inducat, conservet inductum et faciat fructibus et emolumentis inde provenientibus integre responderi omni contradictione seu dilatione cessante, amoto abinde quolibet detentore illicito quem amovemus per presentes et decernimus firmiter amovendum. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die decima mensis Iunii anno Incarnacionis Domini mmo cccmo nonagesimo secundo. [147] [Avignon], 17 July [1392]. The Master orders Fr. Guillem de Galliners, Bailiff of Rhodes, to induct the noble Nicolino de Lippo or his proctor in possession of [a third of] the casale of Lardos. [Malta 326, f. 133 (141)]. Die xviia mensis Iulii anno quo supra nonagesimo secundo mandatum fuit fratri Guillermo de Galiners baillivo insule nostre Rodi ut nobilem virum Nicolinum de Lippo presentibus receptis seu procuratorem ipsius inducat in possessionem casalis de Lardo.1 [148] [Avignon], 17 July 1392. The Master orders Fr. Guillem de Galliners, Bailiff of Rhodes, to induct the proctor of Nicolino de Lippo in possession of a third of the casale of Lardos. [Malta 326, f. 133 (141)]. Die xviia mensis Iulii commissum fuit et mandatum fratri Guillermo de Galiners baillivo insule Rodi ut procuratorem Nicolini de Lippo inducat in possessionem casalis de Lardo pro tertia parte. [149] Avignon, 2 September 1392. The Master grants for life to Fr. Mathieu de Saint George, Commander of Fraximi, the iardinum of Rodagniaco in the Castellany of Rhodes and a vineyard, lands, iardinum and house in the Castellany of Afandou vacant through the death of Fr. Hugues Giraud, Grand Commander and Commander of Arles, and also the iardinum, vines and hospitia of Baugy; the Master annuls the grant at Afandou made by Fr. Hugues to Fr. Bertranet de Mirabel and Fr. Adhemar de Granyena and instructs his proctors Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples, Santo Stefano di Monopoli and Avignon, and Dragonetto Clavelli, and also Fr. Anselmo de Mota, lieutenant of the Castellan of Rhodes, and Fr. Guillem de Galliners, Bailiff of Rhodes, to induct Fr. Mathieu. [Malta 326, f. 162 (170). In margin dupplicata]. 1 The phrase pro tertia parte given in [148] is omitted; cf. [144]

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Frater Iohannes etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Matheo de Sancto Georgio preceptori loci dicti de Fraximi domus eiusdem etc.1 Vestris comendabilibus meritis et acceptis per vos nobis et dicte domui impensis obsequiis gratitudine respondentes iardinum de Rodagniaco situatum infra castellaniam nostram Rodi necnon vineam, terras, possessiones, iardinum, hospicium quedam situata infra insulam nostram Rodi in castellania de Alfanda per obitum fratris Hugonis Giraudi magni comendatoris et Arelate preceptoris seu alias quovismodo ad nos devoluta cum ipsorum et cuiuslibet iuribus, emolumentis, bonis, pertinentiis, egressibus, confinibus, et cum quibus illa dictus quondam frater Hugoninus habuit, tenuit et possedit, habenda, tenenda et possidenda cum oneribus anexis vobis quamdiu vicxeritis insimul cum iardino, vineis et hospiciis de Baugy per nos dudum vobis concessis tenore presencium, omni tamen alienatione dictorum bonorum vobis penitus interdicta, de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia et cum fructibus, proventibus et emolumentis per quoscumque tam procuratores nostros quam alios quovis nomine seu titulo ex huiusmodi iardinis, vineis, terris et possessionibus perceptis et habitis a tempore obitus dicti fratris Hugonis concedimus et donamus, irrita2 prius et anullata donatione, alienatione seu quavis dispositione sub quovis verborum tenore et quacunque auctoritate seu licencia per dictum quondam fratrem Hugoninum fieri pretensa dicte domus fratribus Bertranneto de Mirabelli et Adhemaro de Greanahna3 de vinea, terris [et] possessionibus prescriptis in dicto loco de Alfanda situatis, et quam donationem, alienationem seu quamvis dispositionem bonorum huiusmodi harum serie penitus revocamus et anullamus. Quocirca religioso etc. fratri Dominico de Alamania Neapolis, Sancti Stephani Monopolitani et Avinionis baiuliarum preceptori et venerabili et provido viro Drangoneto Clavelli civi Rodi procuratoribus nostris ac dicte domus fratribus Ancelmo de Mota vicesgerenti castellani Rodi et Guillermo Galinerri baillivo insule predicte et eorum cuilibet sub virtute sancte obedientie precipimus ut procuratorem vestrum in possessionem realem, pacificam et quietam dictorum iardinorum, vinearum, terrarum, hospitiorum et possessionum, rerum, iurium et bonorum et cuiuslibet earum inducant, inductum conservent, inducat, inductum conservent et faciant seu faciat ipsorum fructibus, bonis et emolumentis responderi et a tempore mortis dicti fratris Hugonis ex ipsis integre satisfieri, amotis abinde dictis fratribus aliisque detentoribus quos amovemus per presentes et decernimus firmiter amovendos, necnon universis et singulis fratribus dicte domus, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentes venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illas servent. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die secunda mensis Septenbris anno Incarnacionis Domini mmo ccco nonagesimo secundo.

1  Fr. Mathieu, of the Priory of Auvergne, was Chancellor from 1381 to 1401: Luttrell (1978), XVI 453. 2 Ms: inita. 3  Conceivably Aragonese or Catalans from the Commanderies of Mirambel and Granyena.

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[150] Avignon, 2 September 1392. The Master grants at the accustomed census for his lifetime to the noble Bertrandus de Sexis, his squire and familiaris, a vineyard in the contrata of Mangavli which the late Fr. Guillem de Moncada had purchased from Nicholaus Menllini and is vacant through Fr. Guillem’s death; the Master’s proctors are to induct him. [Malta 326, f. 162–162v (170–170v). In margin dupplicata]. Frater Iohannes etc. nobili viro Bertrando de Sexis scutifero et familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Quia ex premio fides crescit et remunerata servicia ad obsequendum fervencius solicitant servitores non indigne fidelia et accepta servicia per te nobis et dicte domui in cis- et ultramarinis partibus prestita et que continuis studiis prestare non desinis, remuneratione prosequimur gracie specialis. Quamobrem vineam situatam in insula nostra Rodi in contracta de Mengavly1 que fuit Nicholaii Me[n]lli[n]i, quam vineam a dicto Nicholao emit et compravit quondam dicte domus frater Guillermus de Moncada et per ipsius obitum vinea huiusmodi ad nos devoluta extitit cum suis pertinenciis, ingressibus, egressibus, viis, confinibus, et cum quibus ipsam vineam dictus quondam frater Guillermus habuit et possedit, tibi quamdiu vicxeris habendam, tenendam et possidendam insimul cum fructibus et emolumentis perceptis a dicta vinea a tempore mortis dicti quondam fratris Guillermi tenore presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia cum oneribus consuetis et sub annuo censu seu canone inde solvi consueto conferimus et donamus, ita quod dictam vineam donare, vendere [et] alienare nullatenus possis. Quocirca religioso etc. fratri Dominico de Alamania Neapoli[s], Sancti Stephani Monopolitani et Avinionensis baiuliarum preceptori et venerabili et discreto viro Dragoneto Clavelli procuratoribus nostris et eorum cuilibet insolidum precipimus et mandamus ut procuratorem vel procuratores tuos in possessionem realem, pacificam et quietam dicte vinee inducant, inductum conservent, inducat, inductum conservet et faciant seu faciat bonis et emolumentis dicte vinee procuratoribus tuis integre responderi et a tempore mortis dicti fratris Guillermi satisfieri fructibus perceptis a dicta vinea missionibus et expensis deductis, necnon universis et singulis fratribus dicte domus, quacumque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra donationem et graciam nostram huiusmodi aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die secunda mensis Septembris anno quo supra nonagesimo secundo. [151] Avignon, 2 September 1392. The Master grants to his familiaris Sancius Peregrini for his lifetime at the accustomed census a vineyard at Asgourou bounded by a public road which has devolved to the Master through the death of Fr. Casano Racanelli; the Master’s proctors are to induct Sancius’ proctors. [Malta 326, f. 162v –163 (170v –171)].

1 Ms: Manganly: Mangavli, some three kilometres east of Trianda.

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Frater Iohannes etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Sancio Peregrini familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Fidelia [et] accepta servicia per te nobis prestita et que prestare non desinis nos inducunt ut te dono specialis gracie prosequamur ut ad acceptiora et fideliora prestandum inantea nobis obsequia fervencius animeris. Hinc est quod vineam situatam in insula nostra Rodi in territorio seu loco vocato Esgorra, confrontatam cum itinere publico que fuit dicte domus quondam fratris Casani Racanelli ad nos per ipsius fratris Casani obitum devolutam cum suis pertinenciis, ingressibus, egressibus, viis, confinibus, et cum quibus ipsam vineam dictus quondam frater Casanus habuit et possedit, tibi quamdiu vicxeris habendam, tenendam et possidendam insimul cum fructibus et emolumentis perceptis a dicta vinea a tempore mortis dicti quondam fratris Casani tenore presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia cum oneribus consuetis et sub annuo censu seu canone inde solvi consueto conferimus et donamus ita quod dictam vineam donare, vendere [et] alienare nullatenus possis. Quocirca religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Dominico de Alamania Neapolis, Sancti Stephani Monopolitani et Avinionensis baiuliarum preceptori et venerabili et discreto viro Dragoneto Clavelli procuratoribus nostris et eorum cuilibet insolidum precipimus et mandamus ut procuratorem vel procuratores tuos in possessionem realem, pacificam et quietam dicte vinee inducant, inductum conservent, inducat, inductum conservet et faciant seu faciat bonis et emolumentis dicte vinee procuratoribus tuis integre responderi et a tempore mortis dicti fratris Casani satisfieri fructibus perceptis a dicta vinea missionibus et expensis deductis, necnon universis et singulis fratribus dicte domus, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra donationem et graciam nostram huiusmodi aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die secunda mensis Septembris anno quo supra nonagesimo secundo. [152] Avignon, 2 September 1392. The Master confirms the sale by the Convent for 600 florins to Fr. Aymon de Monteaurum, Commander of la Romagne and Mormans, and to Fr. Pierre de Bauffremont, Commander of Lorraine, of a vineyard in the place called Platipotamo in the Castellany of Rhodes, bounded by lands of Mangafadena widow of Niquita Simeoni, by the vines of Guillaume d’Auros, by the vineyard once belonging to Sponto and by a public way; the late Fr. Andrea de Palude had owed the Treasury 600 florins by reason of the purchase of the vineyard which he had mortgaged to the Treasury. [Malta 326, f. 163–163v (171–171v). In margin dupplicata]. Frater Iohannes etc. religiosis in Christo nobis carissimis fratribus Aymoni de Monteaurum1 de la Romaigna et Mormento et Petro de Baufremont Lothoringie baiuliarum preceptoribus domus eiusdem salutem etc. Humilibus supplicum votis libenter annuimus eaque favore prosequimur opportuno. Cum itaque, sicut ex dicte domus fratrum .. nostrumlocumtenentis, baillivorum, 1  Possibly Mont d’Or or Montdore.

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priorum et procerum nostri Rodi conventus literis ac vestris nobis exhibitis accepimus, ipsi vobis quandam vineam situatam in castellania nostra Rodi in loco vocato Platipotamo,2 confrontatam ab una parte cum Mangafadena relicta quondam Niquete Simeoni, ab alia parte cum vineis Guillermi de Aurosio, a parte alia cum vinea que fuit de Sponto,3 et parte alia cum via publica aliis confrontationibus, vendiderunt et titulo venditionis tradiderunt pro precio sexcentum florenorum, in quibus dicte domus quondam frater Andreas de Palude ratione seu causa emptionis dicte vinee tenebatur comuni thesauro nostre religionis, ipsaque vinea pro dicta quantitate eidem thesauro erat expresse ypothecata prout in literis huiusmodi fratrum … nostrum locumtenentis, baillivorum, priorum et procerum aliisque instrumentis inde confectis, quorum tenorem presentibus pro inserto haberi volumus, plenius continetur, quare pro predictorum fratrum … vestrique parte nobis fuit humiliter supplicatum ut venditionem et traditionem predictas confirmare affectu paterno dignaremur. Nos igitur volentes vos huiusmodi fratrum … locumtenentis, baillivorum, priorum et procerum contemplatione atque premissorum meritorum vestrorum intuitu favore prosequi opportuno utriusque supplicationibus inclinati venditionem, traditionem, alienationem predictas et omnia et singula inde secuta rata habentes illas et illa auctoritate presencium de nostra certa sciencia confirmamus, ratificamus et approbamus. Quocirca universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris sub virtute sancte obedientie precipimus ne contra huiusmodi vinee venditionem, alienationem et presentem confirmationem nostram aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illas servent. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die secunda mensis Septembris anno quo supra nonagesimo secundo. [153] Avignon, 2 September 1392. The Master grants for his lifetime at the accustomed census to Raymondus de Morians, his farrier and familiaris, the vineyard in the territorium of Trianda vacant through the death of Johannes Lespano; the Master’s proctors and Fr. Guillem de Galliners, Bailiff of Rhodes, are to induct him [Malta 326, f. 163v (171v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Raymondo de Morians manescallo et familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Tuis nos inducentibus acceptis servitiis per te nobis impensis et que non desinis impendere gratitudine respondentes vineam situatam in insula nostra Rodi in districtu seu territorio de Trianda que fuit quondam Iohannis Lespano per ipsius mortem ad nos devolutam cum suis pertinentiis, iuribus, eggressibus, exitibus et cum quibus dictus quondam Iohannes illam tenuit et possedit tibi quamdiu vicxeris habendam et possidendam et cum fructibus a dicta vinea perceptis a tempore obitus dicti Iohannis, 2 If Platipotomo was the River Plati running about one kilometre north and north-east of Afandou, the Castellany of Rhodes extended at least 17 kilometres south of Rhodes town. 3 Ms: Desponto?

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deductis expensis et missionibus, et cum oneribus suis tenore presencium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia, ita quod dictam vineam donare, vendere et alienare nullatenus valeas, concedimus et donamus sub annuo censu seu canone solvi consueto. Quocirca dicte domus fratri Dominico de Alamania Neapolis, Sancti Stephani Monopolitani et Avinionensis baiuliarum preceptori et venerabili viro Dragoneto Clavelli civi Rodi procuratoribus nostris ac fratri Guillermo de Galiniers baillivo dicte insule et eorum cuilibet insolidum precipimus et mandamus ut procuratorem vel procuratores tuos in possessionem corporalem, pacificam et quietam dicte vinee inducant, inductum conservent, inducat seu induci faciat ipsiusque proventibus, fructibus et emolumentis integre responderi et ab obitu dicti Iohannis satisfieri, necnon omnibus et singulis dicte domus fratribus, cuiuscunque status, gradus et condictionis, presentibus et futuris ne contra donationem et gratiam nostram huiusmodi aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die secunda mensis Septembris anno quo supra nonagesimo secundo. [154] Avignon, 24 October 1392. The Master grants for his lifetime at the accustomed census to Ludovicus d’Andrea, his barber and familiaris, two vineyards, one at Cameliqui and the other at Trianda, devolved to the Master through the death of Fr. Johannes Chaneti; the Master instructs his procurators to induct him. [Malta 326, f. 135 (143)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Ludovico d’Andrea barbitonsori1 et familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Gratuita servicia per te nobis impensa et que impendere non desinis nos inducunt ut te dono specialis gratie prosequamur. Hinc est quod duas pecias vinearum situatas in insula nostra Rodi, peciam unam in loco seu territorio vocato de Cameliqui2 et reliquam peciam in loco seu territorio vocato de Trianda, que fuerunt quondam fratris Iohannis Chaneti,3 per ipsius obitum ad nos spectantes et devolutas omneque ius nobis competens in dictis vineis per obitum dicti fratris Iohannis cum earum iuribus et pertinentiis omnibus et singulis, et cum quibus ipsas vineas dictus quondam frater Iohannes habuit, tenuit et possedit, tibi quamdiu vicxeris habendas, tenendas, possidendas, omni alienatione huiusmodi vinearum tibi penitus interdicta, tenore presentium de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gracia sub annuo censu aliisque oneribus solvi consuetis concedimus et donamus. Quocirca religiosis in Christo nobis carissimis fratribus … castellano castellanie nostre Rodi et baillivo insule predicte et eorum cuilibet harum serie precipimus et mandamus sub virtute sancte obedientie quatenus procuratorem tuum in possessionem pacificam et quietam dictarum vinearum et cuiuslibet inducant, inductum 1 Ms: barbitansori. 2  Or possibly Camelioqui. 3 Or Chaveti.

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conservent et faciant fructibus et emolumentis dictarum vinearum procuratoribus tuis nomine tuo integre responderi. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die xxiiiita mensis Ottobris anno quo supra nonagesimo secundo. [155] Avignon, 29 October 1392. The Master grants at the accustomed census to the Drapier Fr. Pere de Vilafranca, Commander of Bajoles, a vineyard in the contrata of Mangavli devolved to the Master through the death of Fr. Guillem de Moncada, notwithstanding the Master’s previous grant [150] to his squire Bertrandus de Sexis who has resigned it; Fr. Pere is to hold it as long as he resides in the Convent. [Malta 326, f. 135–135v (143–143v)]. Frater Iohannes Ferdinandi etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Petro de Villa Francha draperio conventus nostri Rodi et preceptori de Bailus domus eiusdem salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Vestris comendabilibus meritis et acceptis per vos nobis impensis obsequiis gratitudine respondentes quandam peciam vinee situatam in insula nostra Rodi in contracta de Manganly que fuit quondam fratris Guillermi de Moncada, per cuius obitum ad nos vinea huiusmodi devolvitur cum suis pertinentiis, viis, confinibus, et cum quibus ipsam vineam dictus quondam frater Guillermus habuit et possedit, non obstante donacione per nos facta de dicta vinea scutifero nostro Bertrando de Sexis, cum dicte vinee et iuri inde sibi competenti in manibus nostris resignaverit, habendam, tenendam et possidendam tenore presencium vobis, quam­ diu in nostro Rodi conventu personaliter residebitis, de nostra certa sciencia et speciali gratia cum oneribus consuetis et sub annuo censu seu canone solvi consueto conferimus et donamus. Quocirca religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Dominico d’Alamanha preceptori baiuliarum1 et Dragoneto Clavelli procuratoribus nostris et eorum quolibet insolidum precipimus et mandamus ut vos seu procuratorem vestrum in possessionem dicte vinee inducant, inductum conservent2 et faciant ipsius fructibus integre responderi, necnon universis et singulis fratribus ne contra presentes venire presumant, quinimo eficaciter illas servent. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die vicesima nona mensis Octobris anno quo supra nonagesimo secundo. [156] Avignon, 20 May 1393. The Master informs Fr. Pierre Brès, Prior of the Convent and Commander of Montpellier, and Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples, Santo Stefano di Monopoli and Avignon, that Ferrando de Vignoli, bastardus and habitator of Rhodes, feudatory and condominus for a third pro indiviso of the casale of Lardos, has died, so that his third reverted to the Master and he granted it in feudum nobile to Nicolino de Lippo and his heirs [144]; but Stefano de Vignoli, habitator of Rhodes and feudatory and condominus for the other two parts of the casale, claims that the third part belongs to him as nephew of Ferrando and so more closely related. 1  Ms: Fr. Domenico’s commanderies are omitted. 2 Ms: inducatis inductam conservetis.

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The Master orders Fr. Pierre and Fr. Domenico that if they find Stefano’s claim justified he should be restored to possession of the third part. [Malta 327, f. 111v (122v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. religiosis in Christo nobis carissimis fratribus Petro Bricii, priori conventus nostri Rhodi et Montispessullani, et Dominico de Alamania, Neapolis, Sancti Stephani Monopolitani et Avinionis, baiuliarum preceptoribus domus eiusdem salutem etc. Dudum per certas nobis de Rodo directas litteras accepto quod dilectus nobis in Christo Ferrandus de Vingnollo bastardus, habitator Rodi, feudatarius et condominus pro tercia parte indivisa casalis de Lardo situati in insula nostra Rodi, decesserat ab humanis et per decessum ipsius dictum feudum, id est tercia pars huiusmodi casalis, devolutum fuerat [et] ad nos spectabat et pertinebat, nos proinde ducti certis de causis dictam partem terciam pro indiviso contulimus in feudum nobile venerabili viro Nicolino de Lippo et suis [heredibus] ipsumque de eadem investivimus prout in litteris nostris super hoc confectis lacius continetur. Cum autem, sicut dilecti nobis in Christo Stephani de Vingnollo habitatoris nostri Rodi, feudatorii et condomini dicti casalis pro aliis duabus partibus exhibita nobis petitio continebat, ipsa tercia pars dicti casalis que fuit dicti quondam Ferrandi ad ipsum Stephanum nepotem et consanguinitate proximiorem ipsius Ferrandi dumtaxat heredem et successorem iure hereditario spectet et pertineat non obstante donatione predicta, ab eodem Stephano nobis extitit humiliter supplicatum ut ipsum spoliatum et deiectum ut asserit dicti quondam Ferrandi tercia parte casalis huiusmodi in possessionem restitui facere sibique in premissis providere de opportune iusticie remedio curaremus. Nos itaque huiusmodi supplicationibus inclinati vobis tenore presencium commictimus et mandamus quatenus dictum Stephanum, si vobis legitime constet post mortem dicti Ferrandi ipsam terciam partem possedisse et vi fuisse ab eadem deiectum, in ipsius possessionem restituatis, quo ut predicitur restituto, vocatis qui, fuerint evocandi et simpliciter ac de plano et sine strepitu et figura iudicii auditis, hinc inde propositis quod iustum fuerit decernatis, facien[tes] quod decreveritis firmiter observari. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die xxa mensis Maii anno quo supra nonagesimo tercio. [157] Avignon, 26 July 1393. The Master and the Hospitaller assembly at Avignon instruct the Lieutenant Master and other brethren on Rhodes, Kos and Cyprus to raise a taille of 3,000 florins; mentioned are, among others, Fr. Guillem Galliners, Bailiff of Rhodes, Fr. Bertrand de Puteo, Bailiff of Commerce, the Castellans of Lindos and Apolakkia, and Fr. Egidius, Castellan of Villanova. [Malta 327, f. 46 (55)]. Noverint universi et singuli presentes visuri et audituri quod nos frater Iohannes etc. ut supra in littera inmediate registrata usque ibi facultatis et sequitur,1 et

1 The reference is to the preceding document of 26 July 1393 imposing a taille of 20,500 florins, 3000 florins of which were to be raised in the East: Malta 327, f. 45v –46 (54v –55), partial text in ­Sarnowsky (1992), 81–2.

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simili modo huiusmodi quantitas trium mille florenorum imposita dictis b­ aiuliis Cipri et Langoni[s] et subscriptis fratribus Dominico de Alamania baiuliarum,2 Palamidi Iohannis amirato priori Venetiarum, Noghera et Finica,3 Hessoni Slegelholtz Langoni[s], Geo[r]gio de Zeva Cipri, Guillermo Galiners baillivo insule Rodi, Iohanni Siffe priori Pisarum et Bertrando de Puteo baillivo comerchii et baiuliarum preceptoribus Arnaudo de Castillon, Buffillo Panizati, Iohanni de Sey[er] castellano de Linde, castellano de Poloquie, Iohanni de Aurilhaco4 preceptori Volte,5 Arnaudo Volpe, Nicolao de Valle et Egidio castellano Villenove ipsorum facultatibus inscriptis distribuatur per dicte domus fratres nostrumlocumtenentem, baillivos et priores ipsius conventus prestito ut predicitur sacramento. Dantes et concedentes vobis prefato nostrumlocumtenenti et marescallo6 auctoritate presentium potestatem [et] licenciam dicte domus fratres .. baiuliarum Cipri et Langoni[s] preceptores et prenominatos fratres residentes in dicto conventu et huiusmodi talliam trium mille florenorum pro rata sibi impositam ut predicitur solvere, recusantes compellandi per captionem et venditionem bonorum suorum et quemlibet alium modum cohertionis, non obstante retentione aliqua de ipsis facta ad manus nostras oppositione et appellatione quibuscunque.7 Dada Avinione durante nostra dicta assambleia die vicesima sexta mensis Iullii anno tercio. [158] Avignon, 10 August 1393. The Master appoints Thomasius Astra to the magisteria sergenteria and to the office of the sergenteria of Feraklos, vacant by the death of Rodrigo de Mendoza; the Master’s procurator Fr. Domenico de Alamania is to admit Thomasius to the office and its incomes. [Malta 327, f. 116 (127)]. Frater Iohannes etc dilecto nobis in Christo Thomasio Astra salutem in Domino. Gerentes de tuis industria et fidelitate quibus suffultus existis fiduciam in Domino specialem, quod illa que tibi comictenda ducxerimus prudenter et fideliter exequiris, nos proinde tibi magisteriam sergenteriam1 et officium sergenterie de Feraclo insule nostre Rodi per obitum Roderici de Mandossa vacant[em] et ad nostram ordinationem propterea devolut[um] cum emolumentis, stipendiis, deveriis, bonis et iuribus solitis recipi et haberi ac omnibus annexis fieri et supportari consuetis et debitis, et cum quibus dictus quondam Rodericus dictam sergenteriam habuit, tenuit et exercuit, habend[um], tenend[um] et exercend[um] tibi huiusmodi officium bene et fideliter exercendo auctoritate 2  His commanderies are omitted. 3  Fr. Palamedo Giovanni, Admiral, Prior of Venice and Commander of Finikas and Anoyira, both in Cyprus: Luttrell (1999),V 5. 4 Ms: Ausilhaco. 5 Ms: Dote or Bote. 6 The Lieutenant Master was the Marshal, Fr. Pierre de Culant. 7 The preceding document at f. 45v –46 (54v –55) continued: invocato ad premissa si opus fuerit auxilio brachii secularis. 1 Ms: sergentesiam.

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presentium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus. Quocirca religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Dominico de Alamania baiuliarum ..2 preceptori et procuratori nostro comictimus et mandamus ut te ad dictum officium magisterie sergenterie exercendum admictat seu admicti et recipi faciat ac stipendiis, emolumentis, bonis et iuribus per dictum quondam Rodericum magnum3 sergenterium solitis haberi tibi responderi et integre satisfieri omni contradictione seu dilatione remota, amoto abinde quolibet alio dicti officii detentore, si quis sit, et quem amovemus per presentes. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Avinione die decima mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo trescentesimo nonagesimo tertio. [159] Avignon, 20 August 1393. The Master orders his Lieutenant in the East, the Marshal Fr. Pierre de Culant, to restore to Fr. Guillaume d’Auros, Commander of Comis, the place of Asarito and its possessions which Fr. Guillaume had leased to the Grand Commander Fr. Durand de Velesio; on Fr. Durand’s death the Master had assumed the place to be vacant and had improperly granted it to Fr. Garsia de Mahissens, Commander of Vilafranca, that grant being revoked. [Malta 327, f. 37v (46v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Petro de Culento nostrumlocumtenenti in ultramarinis et marescallo nostri1 Rodi conventus domus eiusdem salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Prout nobis exposuit et fidem fecit dicte domus frater Guillermus de Aurosio preceptor de Comis quendam locum vocatum Asarito2 situm et positum in insula nostra Rodi cum hospitiis, molendino, vineis, terris et possessionibus nuper per obitum fratris Duroni de Velesio magni comendatoris per nos concessum fratri Garcie de May[is]sen preceptori de Villa Francha dictus quondam frater Duronus tenebat et possidebat titulo arrendamenti nomine dicti fratris Guillermi et sub certa pensione sibi soluta anno quolibet per ipsum magnum comendatorem quamdiu vicxit, et non ipsius fratris Duroni locus et possessiones huiusmodi erant sed sunt dicti fratris Guillermi, supplicans a nobis ut donatione de dictis bonis per nos facta dicto fratri Garcie non obstante locum et possessiones huiusmodi eidem fratri Guillermo seu eius procuratori suo nomine reddi et restitui faceremus. Quapropter dicta supplicatione admissa tanquam rationi consona, quoniam nostra non fuit nec est intentio3 ex donatione predicta dicto fratri Guillermo aliquod4 preiudicium generare, vobis tenore presentium comittimus et mandamus quatenus presentibus receptis, non obstante dicta donatione

2 The names of Alamania’s commanderies are omitted. 3  Sic, for magisterium? The nature of these offices and the gender of their titles seems unclear. 1 Ms: nostre? 2 Or Asorito; the reading is very doubtful. 3 Ms: intanto. 4 Ms: alicui.

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quam tenore presentium de certa scientia revocamus, procuratori dicti f­ratris Guillermi eius nomine locum, molendinum, vineas, terras et possessiones huiusmodi reddatis, restituatis, reddi et restitui faciatis et ex eisdem gaudere pacifice dicti fratris Garcie, contradictione, oppositione et appellatione quibuscunque cessantibus. Data Avinione die vicesima mensis Augusti anno tercio. [160] Avignon, 4 September 1394. The Master grants Fr. Geoffroi Goheau, Commander of Condrie, Saint Jean du Perrot and Pont Merveno, at a census of six pairs of capons a year, the vines, hospitia and mills vacant through the death of Fr. Ramon de Rajadell, Commander of Granyena and Castellan of Rhodes; the properties are in the Castellany of Rhodes in the contrata of Sanctus Michael de Psifi. [Malta 328, f. 179 (182). In margin dupplicata]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Ioffredo Goheau preceptori de Codrie, Sancti Iohannis du Perrot et de Ponte Merveno1 domus eiusdem salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Vestris acceptis serviciis aliqua retributione respondentes vineas, hospicia et molendina que fuerunt olim dicte domus fratris Raymondi de Ragedello, castellani Rodi et preceptoris de Grenyana, sita et posita in castellania nostra Rodi in contracta vocata de Sancto Michaele de Psifi per obitum dicti fratris Raymundi ad nos devoluta habenda, tenenda et possidenda per vos cum omnibus et singulis suis confinibus, iuribus, pertinentiis et oneribus necnon cum fructibus, bonis, emolumentis et proventibus de dictis vineis, hospiciis et molendinis perceptis et habitis per quoscunque a morte dicti fratris Raymundi et sub censu annuo sex parum caponum exolvendorum anno quolibet in festo Beati Michaelis nobis seu cui mandabimus tenore presentium de nostra certa scientia concedimus et donamus. Mandantes harum serie domus eiusdem fratribus nostrumlocumtenenti in ultramarinis et castellano dicte castellanie et eius locumtenenti et eorum cuilibet ut vos [in] corporalem possessionem pacificam dictorum hospiciorum et vinearum [ac] molendinorum inducant2 seu induci faciant3 et responderi de fructibus, bonis et emolumentis omnibus et singulis tam de anno presenti quam futuro omni contradictione remota, ac omnibus et singulis dicte domus fratribus presentibus et futuris, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, ne contra presentes venire presumant. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Avinione die quarta mensis Septembris anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo trecentesimo nonagesimo quarto. [161] Avignon, 13 September 1394. The Master at the request of the Cardinal of Amiens, Cardinal Protector of the Hospital, grants Fr. Odoard de Monte Corbeyon a mill, a vineyard with a iardinum and a house, vacant through the death of Fr. Berninus 1 Or Mernieno. 2 Ms: inducat. 3 Ms: faciatis.

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de Selassar Castellan of Afandou, together with other goods belonging to Fr. Berninus in order that Fr. Odoard may support himself in the Convent; Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples, Santo Stefano di Monopoli and Avignon, and Fr. Guillem Galliners, Bailiff of Rhodes, are to induct him. [Malta 328, f. 161v (163v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Odardo de Monte Corbeyon domus eiusdem etc. Vestrorum exhigentia meritorum quibus vos fidedignorum testimonio suffultum accepimus nos inducit ut vos illa prosequamur gratia per quam melius et comodius in nostro Rodi conventu ad Dei et religionis nostre obsequia residere possitis et onera vobis incumbentia supportare. Hinc est quod molendinum unum, peciam unam vinee cum iardino et quoddam hospicium situata et posita in insula nostra Rodi que fuerunt quondam [fratris] Bernini de Selassar castellani d’Elfanda, necnon res et bona alia ipsius in quibuscunque consistant ad nos per dicti fratris Bernini obitum devoluta et spectantia per vos habenda, tenenda et possidenda si et prout dictus quondam frater Berninus habuit, tenuit et possedit et sub anuo censu aliisque oneribus debitis et solvi consuetis vobis tenore presentium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia presertim, ob reverenciam reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini domini cardinalis Ambianensis1 protectoris specialis nostre religionis, concedimus et donamus. Quocirca religiosis in Christo nobis carissimis fratribus Dominico de Alamania preceptori Neapolis, Sancti Stephani Monopolitani et Avinionis procuratori nostro et Guillermo Galinerii baillivo dicte insule et eorum cuilibet insolidum harum serie precipimus ut vos seu procurator vestrum in possessionem rerum, possessionum et bonorum huiusmodi inducant et inducat, inductum conservent et conservet et faciant ex eisdem gaudere pacifice et integraliter responderi, amoto quolibet detentore si quis sit et quem amovemus per presentes. In cuius etc. Data Avinione die decima tertia mensis Septembris anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo trescentesimo nonagesimo quarto. [162] Avignon, 15 September 1394. The Master grants at the accustomed annual census to Ludovicus d’Andrea, his barber and familiar, a vine and an adjoining piece of land in the Castellany of Feraklos vacant through the death of Fr. Franciscus de Ganussa, Castellan of Feraklos; Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples, Santo Stefano di Monopoli and Avignon, and Fr. Guillem Galliners, Bailiff of Rhodes, are to induct him. [Malta 328, f. 162 (164)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dillecto nobis in Christo Ludovico d’Andrea barberio et familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Tuis gratuitis serviciis per te nobis impensis aliquali remuneracione respondentes tibi unam peciam vinee insimul cum alia pecia terre contingue eidem1 vinee situata in [in]sula nostra Rodi in castellania

1  Jean de la Grange. 1 Ms: eidem repeated after vinee.

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de Feraclo per obitum fratris Francisci2 de Ganussa huiusmodi castellanie de Feraclo castellani ad nos devoluta et spectancia sub annuo sensu aliisque oneribus solvi consuetis auctoritate presencium contulimus et donamus. Quocirca religiosis in Christo nobis carissimis fratribus Dominico de Alamania baiuliarum Neapoli[s], Sancti Stephani Monopolitani et Avinionis preceptori procuratori nostro et Guillermo Galinerii baillivo insule nostre Rodi et eorum cuilibet precipimus ut te seu procuratores tuos in possessionem3 huiusmodi peciarum vinee et terre inducant seu inducat, inductum conservent et conservet et faciat in eisdem gaudere et earum fructibus et emolumentis integre responderi. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Avinione die decima quinta mensis Septenbris anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo cccmo nonagesimo quarto. [163] Avignon, 25 July 1395. The Master permits his cubicularius and familiaris Sancius Peregrini to sell a vineyard which is bounded by a public road at Asgourou and which once belonged to the late Fr. Casano Racanelli, and which has been granted to Sancius by the Master; he may sell it at a price of his choice to Fr. Lodovico Vagnone and to other brethren. [Malta 329, f. 127v (126v)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Sancio Peregrini cubiculario et familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Grata tue familiaritatis obsequia per te nobis fideliter prestita et que prestare non desinis nos inducunt ut petitiones tuas benigne admictamus illas presertim per quas tibi possit utilitas provenire. Hinc est quod nos, tuis petitionibus inclinati quod unam peciam vinee situatam in insula nostra Rodi in territorio seu loco vocato Esguorte confrontatam cum via publica que fuit quondam dicte domus fratris Casani Raquanelli per ipsius mortem ad nos devolutam tibi per nos nuper collatam, vinee ipsius omni alienatione tibi interdicta, huiusmodi clausula seu prohibitione alienationis in dicta donatione apposita non obstante, tibi tenore presentium vendere et alienare pro precio tibi viso sub annuo censu et alio quovis onere solvi co[n]sueto valeas domus nostre fratri Ludovico Vaignon precium recipere [et]’1 precio recepto, emptorem quictare, dictisque fratribus Ludovico aliisque huiusmodi vineam valeant emere eidem cum clausulis opportunis de nostra certa scientia licentiam, auctoritatem et potestatem elargimur.2 Data Avinione die vicesima quinta mensis Iullii anno Incarnationis Domini mmo cccmo nonagesimo quinto. [164] Avignon, 18 October 1395. The Master grants in emphyteusis at two florins of Rhodes a year to his familiaris Ludovicus d’Andrea 25 modiates of land in the contrata

2 Ms: Franciscis. 3 Ms: impossessionem. 1 Ms: ad? 2 This passage is partly inserted and illegible.

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of Damatria, bounded to the south by the lands of Myrtonas, to the north and west by those of Nicolino de Lippo and to the east by those of the Hospital. [Malta 329, f. 142 (142)]. Frater Iohannes etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Ludovico d’Andrea familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Gratuita [et] accepta servicia per te nobis impensa et que solicita persecutione nobis impendere non cessas nos inducunt ut te dono specialis gratie prosequamur. Hinc est quod modiatas1 terre viginti quinque situatas in insula nostra Rodi in contracta de Damatria, confrontatas a parte merediei cum terris de Mortone, a partibus tran[s]montane et ponentis cum terris Nicolini de Lippo et a parte levantis cum terre dicte nostre domus, tibi in emphiteosim sub annuo censu seu canone duorum florenorum currentium in Rodo nobis et dicte domui solvendorum anno quolibet in festo Beati Michaelis de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia tenore presentium concedimus et donamus, omni alienatione dictarum viginti quinque modietarum tibi penitus interdicta.2 Mandantes universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris sub virtute sancte obedientie ne contra presentem nostram donationem venire presumant, quinymmo illam servent iuxta ipsius seriem et tenorem. In cuius rei testimonium bulla etc. Data Avinione die decima octava mensis Octobris anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo trescentesimo nonagesimo quinto. [165] Rhodes, 6 February 1399. The Master grants at the accustomed census to his servitor Anthonius Guillermi, master sergeant of the mortati or gunners, and to his heirs a vineyard in the Castellany of Villanova, vacant through the death of Theodorus, the Master’s gardener at Villanova; the vineyard is bounded to the west by a iardinum of Dragonetto Clavelli and to the north by the vines of Nicholaus and a road; the Bailiff of Rhodes or the Castellan of Villanova are to induct him. [Malta 330, f. 128v (127v). In margin Debetur registrari in titulo precedenti]. Frater Philibertus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Anthonio Guillermi magistro sergenti mortatorum servitori nostro salutem in Domino. Fidelia et accepta servicia per te nobis et nostre religioni prestita exhigunt ut te dono specialis gracie prosequamur1 ut ad acceptiora et fideliora inantea prestanda nobis et eidem domui obsequia ferventius animeris. Hinc est quod unam peciam vinee situatam et positam in insulam nostram Rodi in castellania Villenove que fuit quondam Theodori iardinierii nostri Villenove et per ipsius mortem ad nos devolutam, confrontatam cum iardino circumspecti viri Dragoneti Clavelli ex parte una a parte ponentis, et alia parte transmontane cum vinea Nicholai et cum itinere publico, tibi et heredibus et successoribus tuis sub annuo censu solvi consueto tenore presencium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia cum

1 Ms: medietas. 2 Ms: interducta. 1 Ms: prosequamus.

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potestate et licencia dictam peciam vinee vendendi, donandi et alienandi et de eadem disponendi pro tue et heredum et successorum tuorum voluntatis arbitrio, salvo et nobis et dicte domui specialiter reservato laudimio et maiori dominio, conferimus et donamus. Mandantes religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri .. baillivo insule nostre Rodi seu dicte castellanie castellano ut te in possessionem dicte vinee inducat, inductum conservet et tibi et tuis [heredibus et successoribus] faciat ipsius emolumentis et redditibus integre responderi. Necnon universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fungentibus, precipimus ne contra nostram huiusmodi donacionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam servent iuxta eius seriem et tenorem. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die sexta mensis Febroarii anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo trescentesimo nonagesimo octavo. [166] [Rhodes], 8 March 1400. Fr. Jean de Pennevere, Marshal and Lieutenant of the Master, with the assent of the Prior of the Convent, the Grand Commander, the Priors of France, Lombardy and Ireland, and the piliers of the langues of Provence, acting at the request of the inhabitants of the casale of Archangelos, postpone until the Master’s return the execution of his orders that the inhabitants build a castle there; the inhabitants are meanwhile to prepare the necessary lime and in the event of enemy danger they with their families and goods are to withdraw to the castle of Feraklos in the same way as other inhabitants of Rhodes are bound to withdraw into a fortress. [Malta 330, f. 121 (120): ed. Luttrell – Zachariadou (2008), 131]. Anno quo supra nonagesimo nono die octava mensis Marcii per honorabilem virum dominum locumtenentem domini magistri fratrem Iohannem de Pennevere marescalum de consilio et assensu dominorum fratrum .. prioris ecclesie, magni comendatoris, Francie, Lumbardie et Ibernie1 priorum et pileriorum linguarum Provincie2 existentium in ecclesia Colacen[se],3 visis et intellectis supplicatione et requisicione incolarum et habitatorum casalis de Archangelo et causis seu rationibus per eos expositis, extitit ordinatum ne ipsi incole et habitatores dicti casalis compellantur fieri seu construi facere castrum seu fortalicium in dicto loco edificare fieri per dominum magistrum usque ad ipsius domini magistri regressum, ita tamen quod pendenti tempore adventus ipsius domini magistri faciant dicti habitatores fieri calcem necessariam proinde et se, uxores, liberos, res et bona sua retrahant in castro de Feraclo pro ipsorum conservacione ab inimicis et ad hoc faciendum ipsi et alii incole et habitatores insule Rodi per baillivum insule Rodi compellantur pro tuicione suarum personarum et bonorum se retrahere in fortaliciis, prout provisum et ordinatum fuit.

1 Ms: Ibanelli? The Prior of Ireland, Fr. Peter Holt, was then active in the East. 2  The province of Provence consisted of the Priories of Saint Gilles and Toulouse, but on Rhodes there were separate langues of Greater Provence and Lesser Provence, each with its own pilier. 3 The Conventual church in the Collachium.

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[167] Rhodes, 5 May 1400. The Master grants for life at the accustomed census to Fr. Jean de Pennevere, Marshal and Commander of Morterolles and Villefranche-sur-Cher, and to Fr. Aubert de Puy Vinault the vineyard in the Castellany of Trianda vacant through the death of Fr. Arnaud de Châtillon; it is bordered to the north by the vineyard of Manoli Concrussu, to the south by the lands of magister Petrus de Soqueratis notary, to the east by the road to the place called Sanctorum Anarguorum and to the west by the road to the castle of Filerimos. [Malta 330, f. 139 (138)]. Frater Philibertus etc. religiosis in Christo nobis carissimis fratribus Iohanni de Pennevaire marescallo Hospitalis preceptori de Mortherolio et Villa Francha super Carum et Auberto de Podio Vinandi dicte domus salutem etc. Acceptis gratuitis serviciis vestris nos inducentibus vineam que fuit olim dicte domus fratris Arnaudi de Castillione situatam et positam in insula1 nostra Rodi in castellania de Trianda, confrontatam a parte transmontane2 cum vinea Manoli Concrussu, a parte meridie cum territorio magistri Petri de Soqueratis notarii, a parte levantis cum itinere3 per quod itur ad dictum locum Sanctorum Anarguorum,4 a parte occidentis cum itinere per quod itur ad castrum de Filermo, et cum aliis confinibus, si qui5 sint, ad nos devolutam per mortem dicti fratris Arnaudi vobis et vestrum cuilibet et vestrum superviventi ad vitam sub annuo censu solvi consueto tenore presentium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus. Mandantes universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus presentibus et futuris, quacunque dignitate vel oficio fungentibus, ne contra nostram presentem donationem venire presumant, quinimo illam servent iuxta ipsius seriem et tenorem. In cuius rey testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die quinta mensis Maii anno Incarnationis Domini mo cccco. [168] Rhodes, 8 August 1400. The Master licenses Fr. Regnault de Giresme, Prior of France, to dispose of his vines and iardinum at Kalamonas to his nephew or nephews or for the foundation of some chaplaincies. [Malta 330, f. 16 (16)]. Frater Philibertus etc. religioso etc. fratri Reginaldo de Gyresme priori Francie dicte domus salutem etc. Vestrorum exhigencia meritorum nos inducit ut illam vobis gratiam impendamus quam vobis obsequentibus1 et saluti vestre anime fore conspicimus opportunam. Vestris itaque supplicationibus inclinati ut de vineis et iardino de Calamone que habetis in insula Rodi possitis nepoti seu nepotibus vestris vel pro fundacione capellaniarum ordinare et disponere pro vestre voluntatis arbitrio quando volueritis, vobis de nostra certa scientia et 1 Ms: insulam. 2 Ms: tranmontane. 3 Ms: itimire. 4 The Holy Martyrs, often Saints Cosmas and Damian. 5 Ms: quis. 1 Ms: obsequantibus.

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speciali gratia tenore presencium auctoritatem, potestatem et licenciam impertimur. In cuius etc. Data Rodi die octava mensis Augusti anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo.2 [169] Rhodes, 18 October 1400. The Master grants Fr. Walter Grendon, Prior of England, with licence for him to alienate to the English brethren in the Convent, whether residing in common or apart, the following possessions in the Castellany of Villanova vacant through the death of Fr. Louis de Saint Julian: a small vineyard called Coboclia with a iardinum and buildings, bounded to the east by the vineyard of Costa Kypriotti with its ‘head’ extending towards the hill, to the south and west by the vines of papas Gillyme, and to the north by the straight road to the castle of Villanova, and a large vineyard reaching to the same road with to the east the vines of Georgius Dyano, and another vine of the Master and a third vine of Leo Muscopoliti, to the north by the vines of Dragonetto Clavelli and of Janyn Ipsalicha, and to the west by the road already mentioned leading to Saint George on the sea coast. [Malta 330, f. 74v (73v)]. Frater Philibertus de Naylhaco etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Waltero Grandon priori Anglieterre dicte domus salutem etc. Vestris comendabilibus meritis et acceptis per vos nobis obsequiis prestitis aliquali gratitudine respondentes vineas duas, quandam parvam que appellatur Coboclia cum iardino et edificiis quorum sunt confines, a parte orientis in longitudine est vinea de Costa Kypriotti et capud se extendit versus montem, ex parte australi et ex parte occidentali in longitudine est vinea de papa Gillyme, et ex parte boriali est via recta que ducit ad castrum de Villanova, necnon vineam aliam ibidem magnam cuius capud se extendit ad viam predictam in longitudine, et ex parte orientali est vinea de Georgio Dyano et alia vinea domini magistri et tercia de Leo Muscopoliti, et versus boriam est vinea Dragoneti Clavelli et alia vinea de Ianyn Ipsalicha,1 et versus occidentem est via que ducit de via predicta ad Sanctum Georgium super costam maris,2 et cum suis aliis verioribus confinibus si qui sint, que res et possessiones predicte situate sunt infra insulam nostram Rodi in castellania Villenove et ad nos sunt devoluta per mortem dicte domus fratris Ludovici de Sancto Iulliano cum omnibus et singulis suis territoriis, iuribus et pertinenciis vobis tenore presencium de nostra certa sciencia et gracia speciali concedimus et donamus cum licencia, auctoritate et potestate vineas, iardinum et hospicia predicta vendendi, alienandi, distrahandi, dandi et conferendi per inperpetuum dicte domus fratri3 seu fratribus lingue Anglieterre in conventu nostro Rodi seu ubilibet residentibus in comuni seu particulari, necnon ex ipsis vineis, iardino et edificiis disponendi et ordinandi 2  Fr. Regnault made such a gift in 1409 [186]. 1 Or Ipsali..cha: smudge in the middle of the name. 2  Possibly the church of Saint George Paraialiti of 1381 and 1390 [110, 140]. 3  fratri – attributa: The following text fratribus … lingue Anglieterre presentibus et futuris in nostro Rodi conventu residentibus et ex ipsis vineis, iardino et edificiis disponendi et ordinandi perpetuo pro vestro arbitrio et mero libito voluntatis super hoc harum serie vobis attributis was replaced as here shown.

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perpetuo vel ad tempus pro vestro libito arbitrio et mero libito voluntatis super hoc harum serie vobis attributis. Mandantes universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus presentibus et futuris, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, ne contra presentes [nostr]as [litteras] venire presumant, quinymo illas efficaciter habeant observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die decima octava mensis Octobris anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo. [170] Rhodes, 13 November 1400. The Master grants for his lifetime to Fr. Elie de Fossat alias Picon, Commander of Pézenas and Saint Nexans, two vineyards, a large one called Vardalata, bordered to the west by a vine of the Master called Colombier, to the east by Johannes to Fengarino, to the south by Micali Adraccas, and to the north by Margarita de Ricardo, and the other vineyard, bordered to the west by a road, to the east by a viridarium of the Master, to the north by Anemina to Mollo and to the south by Angillas Viena; he also grants a house at Compania, bordered to the west by the hospitia of the Master, to the east by Maria Mauvromata and to the north by a road; all these vines and the house are in the Castellany of Villanova and are vacant through the death of a certain Stamatus, once a serf of the late Fr. Nicolas Soulier formerly Prior of the Convent. [Malta 330, f. 139v (138v)]. Frater Philibertus de Nailhaco etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Helye de Fossato alias Picon preceptori Pedenacii et Sancti Naycensii dicte domus salutem etc. Vestris comendabilibus meritis et acceptis per vos nobis obsequiis prestitis aliquali gratitudine respondentes, vineas duas, quandam magnam que vocatur Vardalata quarum sunt confines, ex una parte confrontatur ex parte ponentis cum vinea domini magistri que vocatur Colombier, ex parte orientis Iohanni to Fengarino, ex parte meridiei Micali Adraccas1 et ex parte tramontane Margarita de Ricardo, necnon reliquam vineam, ex parte ponentis est via publica, et ex parte orientis viridarium domini magistri, ex parte tramontane Anemina to Mollo, et ex parte meridiei Angillas Viena thesaurarii, ac quoddam hospicium positum in loco vocato Compania, ex parte ponentis sunt hospicia domini magistri, et ex parte orientis Marie Mauvromata, et ex parte tramontane est via publica, et cum suis aliis verioribus confinibus si qui sint, que vinee et hospicium situata sunt infra insulam nostram Rodi in castellania Villenove et ad nos devoluta per mortem Stamati pro Stamati Prosipsiqui2 servi olim bone memorie fratris Nicolay de Solerio prioris ecclesie nostre Colocensis,3 cum omnibus et singulis suis territoriis, iuribus et pertinenciis

1 Or Adractas. 2  Ms: conceivably Stamati pro (or quondam?) Stamati Prosipsiqui (or quondam Sipsiqui?). As emended, the late Stamatus might scarcely have been a serf since he owned such extensive property, but his father or grandfather could have been. Delaville (1913), 142 n. 3. 3  In error for conventualis?

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vobis tenore presencium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia ad vitam ­vestram concedimus et donamus. Mandantes etc. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die decima tercia mensis Novembris anno Incarnacionis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo. [171] Rhodes, 4 June 1401. A notarial act of 4 June 1401, confirmed by the Master on 6 June 1401, recalls that on 31 May 1401 Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Naples, Santo Stefano di Monopoli and Avignon, and Lieutenant of the Master, in a logieta in his vineyard outside the castrum and in the presence of the Marshal Fr. Jean de Pennevere, Fr. Raymond de Lescure Prior of Toulouse, Fr. Jean Grivel and other brethren, donated to the langue of Italy his casale of Myrtonas, bounded to the east by the hills of the Hospital, aquis pendentibus, to the north by the donor’s casale of Neocorio, beginning in a yematicus or thermal spring and descending as far as the river which flows down from Salakos, and to the west by the same river, continuing to the aqueduct of the mill at Myrtonas, and to the south by lands of the Hospital. Fr. Domenico also gave the Italian langue five modiates of olive-bearing land bordered on one side by the lands of the late Petrus de Jacob, on another by a river, and on the other two sides by lands of the Hospital. Fr. Domenico further gave the langue 60 modiates in the contrata of Salakos, bordered to the east by a river, and the river flows south as far as the place called ta Triodia and then as far as a magnum pratum, literally a great meadow, to the north by a river, to the west by hills of the Hospital, aquis pendentibus, and continuing to a strictum or narrow place, and then to a hill, and then towards the stable of Salakos. Fr. Domenico had with his own monies purchased the casale of Myrtonas on 3 November 1385 through his procurator Fr. Buffillo Pannizati, then Commander of Sant’Eufemia and at present Admiral, from Ilario Usodimare of Genoa, then a burgensis and habitator of Rhodes, and his wife Lascarina, daughter and heiress of the late Georgio de Leone, Georgio having been granted it, with licence to sell it, by the Master Fr. Roger des Pins and the Convent on 16 August 1361.1 The pilier of the Italian langue, together with a procurator of that langue, was to administer the donation and to pay eight florins for a perpetual lamp in the chapel of Saint Dominic in the hospice or auberge of the langue which hospice had been built by Fr. Domenico, and two florins for refreshments for visitors to the chapel on the feast of Saint Dominic. The remaining revenues and produce were to be allocated for the pitancia of the Italian brethren resident in Rhodes without distinction of status. Fr. Domenico, with the Master’s licence, further confirms the donation to the chapel made by the late Admiral Fr. Palamedo di Giovanni of the incomes from two windmills, one of which had belonged to Erini Stamatudine and Erini Arcondo and was on the harbour mole next to two mills belonging to the hospice of Saint Catharine, and the other stood on the higher ground in the borgo, where there are three mills; this third mill, once belonging to 1 The Latin is unclear; Roger (2010), 90, deduces that it was Pannizati who purchased these possessions in 1385. In that case the text would not explain how Fr. Domenico had acquired it. It was Fr. Domenico who was wealthy. Fr. Buffillo became Commander of Saint Eufemia on 6 February 1384 and was Admiral in June 1401; furthermore, he was Fr. Domenico’s procurator in September 1384: Luttrell (1978), XXIII 46–7. Moreover, Fr. Domenico made the purchase through (per) his procurator Fr. Buffillo.

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the late Costa Pangallo, is larger than the other two. The incomes are to pay for a chaplain to celebrate masses in the chapel for the souls of Fr. Domenico and Fr. Palamedo. [Malta 331, f. 160–161v (160–161v); copy in Malta 53, f. 34v –37v (13v –16v), with many variant spellings: ed. Roger (2010), 90–7]. In nomine Domini nostri Ihesu Christi amen. Anno a Nativitate Domini millesimo quadringentesimo primo, indictione nona et die quarta mensis Iunii per hoc presens verum et publicum donationis instrumentum cunctis pateat tam presentibus quam futuris evidenter quod in mei notarii publici et testium infrascriptorum ad hoc specialiter vocatorum et rogatorum presencia personaliter constitutus et existens reverendus in Christo pater et dominus dominus frater Dominicus de Alamania sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani baiuliarum Neapolis, Sancti Stephani prope Monopolum, Avinionis etc. dignus preceptor ac locumtenens reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini domini fratris Philiberti de Nailhaco Dei gratia dicte sacre domus dignissimi magistri et pauperum Christi custodis, et cum et de licencia, voluntate, parabola, auctoritate et assensu ipsius reverendissimi domini nostri magistri sibi oraculo vive vocis absenti tamen michi notario publico infrascripto tanquam publice et auctentice persone et publico2 et auctentico officio fungenti presenti, audienti, recipienti et stipulanti vice et nomine ipsius reverendi domini fratris Dominici et omnium aliorum et singulorum quorum interest intererit aut interesse poterit quomodolibet in futurum, die Martis proxime elapsa, que fuit ultima dies mensis Maii nunc preteriti de presentibus anno et indictione, presentibus reverendis in Christo patribus dominis fratribus dicte sacre domus Iohanne Panavera mareschallo digno Hospitalis, Raymondo de Lescura digno priore Tholosie3 et Iohanne Grivel ac aliis quampluribus dominis et fratribus ipsius sacre domus ibidem existentibus ac pro testibus per me infrascriptum notarium appellatis, vocatis et rogatis in quadam logieta existenti infra suam vineam extra colacum et castrum Rodi vocatam ta Paxa4 post cenam ante occasum solis per horam unam vel circa ad infrascriptas donationem et ordinationem cum eorum sollempnitatibus faciendum datis, attributis et concessis ille reverendus dominus frater Dominicus d’Alamania non vi, dolo, fraude nec aliqua alia mala machinatione seductus sed sponte et ex sua pura, mera, libera, gratuita et spontanea voluntate iure proprio et imperpetuum dedit, cessit, transtullit, contulit et donavit donatione pura et irrevocabili que dicitur inter vivos et que iure ingratitudinis vel aliquo alio revocari non possit, venerabilibus religiosis dicte sacre domus dominis fratribus universis et singulis presentibus et futuris lingue Ytalie absentibus, tamen michi notario publico infrascipto tanquam publice et auctentice persone ac publico et auctentico officio fungenti presenti, audienti, recipienti et stipulanti vice et nomine dictorum 2 Ms: publice. 3  Sic. 4  Malta 53: to Papa.

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dominorum fratrum lingue Ytalie presentium et futurorum et omnium aliorum universorum et singulorum quorum interest, intererit aut interesse poterit quomodolibet in futurum, quoddam suum casale vulgariter nominatum Mirtona scitum et positum in insula Rodi, confrontatum ab oriente cum montaneis Hospitalis aquis pendentibus, a transmontana cum casali quoddam ipsius reverendi domini donatoris vocato Neochorio, et incipit in quoddam yematico et descendit usque ad flumen quod descendit de Salaco, ab occidente cum dicto flumine, et ascendit usque ad conductum molendini de Mirtona, et a meridie cum terris Hospitalis. Item de et cum licencia, parabola, auctoritate, voluntate et assensu predictis ille reverendus dominus frater Dominicus de Alamania iure proprio et imperpetuum dedit, concessit, transtulit, contulit et donavit donatione pura et irrevocabili que dicitur inter vivos et que iure ingratitudinis vel aliquo alio revocari non possit, dominis5 fratribus lingue Ytalie presentibus et futuris absentibus, tamen michi notario publico infrascripto presenti, recipienti et stipulanti pro eis ut supra unam peciam terre modiatarum quinque scitam et positam in dicta insula Rodi in qua sunt olivaria, confrontatam ab una parte cum condam Petro de Iacob, ab alia parte cum flumine et ab aliis duabus partibus cum terris Hospitalis. Item de et cum licencia, parabola, voluntate, auctoritate et assensu predictis idem reverendus dominus frater Dominicus de Alamania iure proprio et imperpetuum dedit, cessit, transtulit, contulit et donavit donatione pura et irrevocabili que dicitur inter vivos et que iure ingratitudinis vel aliquo alio revocari non possit, dictis fratribus lingue Ytalie presentibus et futuris absentibus, tamen michi notario publico infrascripto presenti, stipulanti et recipienti pro eis ut supra sexaginta modiatas terre scitas et positas in dicta insula Rodi in contrata de Salaco, confrontatas a levante cum flumine, et vadit flumen6 versus meridiem usque ad quendam locum vocatum ta Triodia7 usque ad magnum pratum, a transmontana cum flumine, ab occidente cum montaneis Hospitalis aquis pendentibus, et vadit usque ad strictum et usque ad quandam montaneam que respondit recte versus stabullum equorum de Salaco, vel alii si qui forent, dicti casalis et terrarum predictarum confines veriores aut similiores, cum omnibus universis et singulis suis rationibus, hospiciis, servis, rusticis et vilanis, terris cultis et incultis, vineis, ortis, pascuis, silvis, pratis, nemoribus, aquis pendentibus et molendinis, et cum omnibus aliis universis et singulis membris, iuribus et pertinenciis ad dictum casale et terras predictas vel aliquod eorum aut ad ipsum reverendum dominum Dominicum donatorem predictum ratione predictorum casalis et terrarum vel alicuius ipsorum quomodolibet pertinentibus et spectantibus ac cum omnibus et singulis ­ universis prenominatis et aliis, que infra predictos continentur confines, ­ ­accessibus et egressibus suis, viis et itineribus, et cum omnibus universis et

5 Ms: dans; Malta 53: dnis for dominis. 6 Ms: flumen et flumen. 7  Malta 53: to Rodia.

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singulis prenominatis et aliis, que illud casale et terre predicte aut quodlibet predictorum vel ille reverendus dominus frater Dominicus de Alamania donator predictus ratione ipsorum habent et tenent seu habere et tenere solebant seu sollent et possunt super se vel infra seu intra se in integrum omnique iure, servitute et actione, usu seu requisitione eidem reverendo domino donatori ex eisdem rebus vel pro ipsis aut ex qualibet vel pro qualibet earum modo aliquo spectante seu pertinente. Quodquidem casale et terras predictas dictus reverendus dominus donator asseruit emisse seu emere fecisse de suis propriis peccuniis habitis et extractis de suis bonis et arnesiis mobilibus per eum acquisitis per reverendum in Christo patrem dominum fratrem Buffillum Panizati, tunc temporis preceptorem Sancte Eufemie et ad presens admiratum domus eiusdem, ab Yllario Vsusmaris Ianuense et tunc temporis burgense et habitatore Rodi et domina Lascarina eiusdem consorte filiaque et herede condam Georgii de Leone, cui8 Georgio et suis heredibus et successoribus dictum casale et terre predicte per bone memorie condam reverendissimum in Christo patrem et dominum dominum fratrem Rogerium de Pinibus Dei gracia dicte sacre domus dignissimum magistrum et pauperum Christi custodem et conventum Rodi domus eiusdem cum plena potestate et auctoritate plenaria de dictis casali et terris disponendi et ordinandi, vendendi, permutandi et alias ad ipsius Georgii de Leone et heredum ac successorum eiusdem voluntatem et beneplacitum disponendi et quovismodo9 permutandi et ordinandi fuerunt date, attribute et concesse, prout de emptione predicta constat quodam prothocolo discreti viri magistri Anthonii Bertrandi notarii publici sumpto et scripto manu eiusdem anno a Nativitate Domini millesimo trecentesimo octuagesimo quinto, indictione viiia et die tertia mensis Novembris et per me notarium infrascriptum viso et lecto, et de donatione facta eidem Georgio de Leone ut supra per dictum condam reverendissimum dominum nostrum dominum fratrem Rogerium de Pinibus olim magistrum et conventum Rodi constat originale cuiusdam bulle seu littere patentis extracte et concesse et bulla eorum communi plumbea bullate impendenti in registris chancellerie communis dicti reverendissimi domini nostri magistri et conventus Rodi domus eiusdem facte et date anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo trecentesimo sexagesimo primo et die sextadecima mensis Augusti per meque dictum notarium infrascriptum viso et lecto, ad habendum, tenendum et deinceps perpetuo et semper possidendum in hunc videlicet modum, formam et conditionem, quod pillerius dicte lingue Ytalie qui est et qui pro tempore fuerit, unacum procuratore dicte lingue arrendent, affictent et locent dictum casale et terras antedictas communiter et divissim ad utilitatem, profitum et comodum dicte lingue, prout eisdem melius videbitur opportunum, percipiantque omnes et singulos fructus, redditus, proventus, comoda et emolumenta dicti casalis et terrarum antedictarum et de ipsis

8  Malta 53: cum. 9 Ms: quovis; Malta 53: quovismodo.

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fructibus, redditibus, proventibus, comodis et emolumentis ex dicto casali et terris prefatis aut eiusdem vel earum pertinentiis habitis et perceptis dent aut dare teneantur et debeant annuatim infallibiliter inperpetuo et semper capelle Sancti Dominici scite et posite in hospicio dicte lingue existenti infra colacum conventus Rodi prefati10 per ipsum reverendum dominum donatorem facto, edificato et constructo florenos currentes Rodi decem, videlicet quod octo illorum decem florenorum expendantur in luminari dicte capelle in cera et oleo ita et taliter quod continue una lampas die et nocte ardeat in eadem, et quod reliqui florenorum duo usque ad complementum dictorum florenorum decem expendantur ad collationem faciendum vini et confectionum fratribus et aliis quibuscunque se ibi in festo Sancti Dominici reperientibus. Reliqui vero fructus, redditus, proventus, comoda et emolumenta dividantur per dictos pillerium et procuratorem omnibus fratribus lingue Ytalie memorate in citramari[ni]s partibus reperientibus et existentibus pro eorum pitanciis ut sollent alie pitancie inter fratres dividi, salvo quod in aliis pitanciis fratres capellani nullam percipiunt partem, ideo in hoc dictus reverendus dominus frater Domenicus donator predictus de et cum licencia, voluntate, auctoritate, parabola et assensu predictis constituit pariter et instituit, ordinat, vult, iubet et mandat quod dicti reliqui fructus, redditus, proventus, comoda et emolumenta dividantur et dividi debeant per dictos pillerium et procuratorem dicte lingue Ytalie generaliter omnibus et singulis supradictis dicte lingue fratribus tam militibus quam fratribus servientibus et fratribus capellanis equaliter et equis portionibus nulla facta differentia inter eos militie dignitatis vel alterius preheminencie, status, gradus vel conditionis cuiuscunque, sed quod tot percipiat et habeat seu percipi et haberi minor sicut maior et ita bonam partem percipiat et habeat unus frater capellanus vel frater serviens sicut unus frater miles dicte lingue Ytalie et e converso. Item ordinavit prefatus reverendus dominus frater Dominicus de Alamania donator predictus de et cum licencia, voluntate, auctoritate, parabola et assensu antedictis quod omnes fructus, redditus, proventus, comoda et emolumenta duorum molendinorum a vento que erant bone memorie condam reverendi domini fratris Palamides Iohannis de Acquis olim admirati dicte sacre domus, que tempore vite sue seu dum agebat in humanis, ut verus dominus et possessor eorum donaverat, concesserat et contulerat de et cum licencia et voluntate, auctoritate, parabola et assensu prefati reverendissimi domini nostri magistri et in eius presencia capelle Sancti Dominici antedicti et pro modico intervallo vite sue inde non valuit morte sibi superveniente instrumentum seu litteram vel privilegium aliquale conficere seu confici facere et concedere de molendinorum donatione antedicta, propter quod ille reverendissimus dominus noster magister ut superior de plenitudine sue11 potestatis vollens ob hanc causam supplere, si aliquis deffectus fuerit,

10 Ms: prefate. 11 Ms: seu; Malta 53: sue.

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tamquam bona vacancia illa molendina capelle Sancti Dominici antedicte de novo contulit, cessit, transtullit et donavit ut ille reverendus dominus donator et ordinator michi notario infrascripto asseruit et dixit, et eciam ipse reverendissimus dominus noster magister primo per me dictum notarium de premissis certioratus presentibus testibus suprascriptis in concessione licencie antedicte similiter emologavit, quorum molendinorum unum est in mollo portus Rodi quod fuerat Erini Stamatudene et Erini Arcondo, cuius molendini confines tales dicuntur esse, a duabus partibus sunt duo molendina capelle hospitalis Sancte Caterine burgi Rodi, et ab aliis partibus est mare, vel si qui alii sint confines veriores aut similiores, alterum vero molendinorum predictorum est in turono burgi Rodi ubi sunt tria molendina, et hoc est maius aliis et sollum et separatum ab illis duobus, quod eciam fuerat condam Coste Pangallo, vel si qui alii sint confines veriores aut similiores eiusdem, sint et esse debeant unius capellani pro suis stipendiis et salario, qui capellanus omni die in dicta capella Sancti Dominici teneatur et debeat officiare et celebrare seu officiari et celebrari facere unam missam et reliqua officia pro anima ipsorum reverendorum dominorum fratrum Dominici de Alamania preceptoris, locumtenentis, donatoris et ordinatoris antedicti et Palamides Iohannis de Acquis condam admirati Hospitalis predicti donatoris molendinorum predictorum imperpetuo et semper. Renuncians de et cum licencia, parabola, auctoritate, voluntate et assensu predictis prefatus reverendus dominus frater Dominicus donator et ordinator predictus in premissis et circa premissa ac quolibet premissorum ex sua certa scientia legi dicenti donationem factam ultra quingentos aureos sine insinuatione iudicis vel pretoris non valere seu tenere12 et l[egi] fi[nali] C[odicis] de Revo[candis] Dona[tionibus] et Generaliter13 omni alii iuri tam canonico quam civili, exceptioni doli, mali, metus, vi, in factum actioni et indebite conditioni iniusta causa turpem causam et ex iniusta causa contractus sic non facti rei sic non celebrate et aliter fuisse dictum, factum, narratum, initum quam celebratum et e converso cuicunque libelli seu alterius cuiusvis peticionis oblationi, copie seu note aut transumpto huius veri et publici donationis, institutionis, mandatorii et ordinacionis instrumenti per modum actorum cuicunque privilegio, usui, consuetudini seu statuto vel stabilimento religionis antedicte aut alterius in contrarium ad hoc editis vel edendis, per que, quos seu quas presens donatio et ordinatio in toto vel in parte infringi posset seu quomodolibet annullari, ac eciam legi dicenti generalem renunciationem non valere neque tenere nisi aliqua specialia antecedant.14 Et sic de et cum licencia, voluntate, auctoritate, parabola et assensu predictis promisit prefatus reverendus dominus frater Dominicus donator et ordinator predictus attendere et observare inviolabiliter perpetuo rata, grata et firma et in nullo contrafacere vel -venire aliqua ratione, causa vel ingenio de iure vel de facto per se seu interpositam personam cum 12  Roman law: Krüger, 16 [1.2.19]. 13  Ibid., 366–7 [8.55.10]. 14  Roman law: Malta 53: intercedant.

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iuramenti prestatione more fratrum religionis iamdicte super cruce mantelli sui ipsam suis manibus corporaliter de et cum licencia, voluntate et auctoritate, parabola et assensu predictis tangendo. Acta et publicata fuerunt hec Rodi anno, mense, die et indictione prescriptis, hora ante meridiem vel quasi infra dictam domum dicte lingue Ytalie per ipsum reverendum dominum donatorem et ordinatorem constructam, factam et edificatam in galleria ipsius domus ante hostium camere paramenti solite ipsius reverendi domini donatoris et ordinatoris antedicti, presentibus strenuo milite domino Nicholao Varone de Neapoli et discretis viris Iohanne de Pandulfio de Pulcino, Iohanne Luppos de Cuenca de Castigla et Iohanne de Martino,15 scutifferis et familiaribus ipsius reverendi domini donatoris et ordinatoris prefati testibus ad premissa vocatis. Et ego Anthonius filius condam magistri Guillermi de Wincestris, clericus Coloscensis, sacra auctoritate imperiali notarius publicus et secretarius ipsius reverendi domini fratris Dominici de Alamania donatoris et ordinatoris antedicti predictis omnibus et singulis, dum sic agerentur et fierent, unacum prenominatis testibus interfui et ea rogatus in notam recepi, legi et publicavi, indeque requisitus in hanc publicam formam manu propria redegi signoque meo instrumentorum solito signavi in fidem et testimonium omnium premissorum vocatus, rogatus et requisitus. Frater Philibertus etc. et nos conventus Rodi etc. religiosis in Christo nobis carissimis fratribus lingue Ytalie presentibus et futuris dicte domus salutem etc. Vestre devocionis precibus benignum impartientes assensum ea vobis graciose concedimus per que vobis concessa pleniori robore fulciantur. Quamobrem omnia et singula suprascripta in hoc presenti vero et publico instrumento expressa et contenta invicem deliberato consilio de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia auctoritate presencium confirmamus, ratificamus et approbamus. Et pro habundanciori chautella vobis predicta cassalle, terras et molendina, si et prout modis et formis prescriptis, de novo damus, conferimus, concedimus et donamus. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die sexta mensis Iunii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo primo. [172] [Rhodes], 10 September [1401]. The Master licenses the noble Adeneto de Manchia to sell a vineyard at Mangavli granted him by the Master. [Malta 331, f. 165 (165)]. Anno quo supra et die xa mensis Septenbris data fuit licentia nobili viro Adeneto de Ma[n]chia1 vendendi peciam unam vinee sitam in loco vocato Mavganelli2 cum suis choerenciis et sibi collatam per dominum magistrum cum clausulis opportunis. Datum ut supra. 15 Ms: Martina; Malta 53: Martino.  1 Or Ma[r]chia?  2 Or Maugavelli or Mangavelli?

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[173] Rhodes, 20 January 1402. The Master grants in perpetual emphyteusis at three aspers a year to his familiaris Perrinus de Montsy and his heirs the vineyards in the contrata of Sanctus Niqueta, which once belonged to Georgios Coliendri and devolved to the Master on the death of Georgios, bounded to the south by the lands of Costa Atanasy, to the west by those of Lurin and to the east by those of Stephanus de Sait, Alexus de Satalia and Costa Atanasy. [Malta 331, f. 188 (187)]. Frater Philibertus de Nailhaco etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Perrino de Montsy familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Tuis nos inducentibus acceptis servitiis gratuitis per te nobis impensis et que nobis non desinis continua prossecutione impendere gratitudine respondentes, vineas situatas in insula nostra Rodi in contracta de Sancto Niqueta que fuerunt olim Georgii Coliendri1 et per ipsius mortem ad nos devolutas et spectantes cum omnibus et singulis suis pertinenciis, iuribus, egressibus, exitibus, et cum quibus dictus quondam Georgius illas tenuit et possedit, quarum vinearum sunt confines, a parte meridiei possidet Costa Atanasy, a parte ponentis possidet Lurin, ab alia parte levantis2 possidet Stephanus de Sait, ab eadem parte levantis possident Alexi de Satalie et Costa Atanasy, tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus in emphiteosim perpetuam de nostra certa scientia auctoritate presencium conferimus et donamus sub annuo censu seu canone trium asprorum per te tuosque heredes et successores nobis et premisse nostre domui in festo Assumpsionis Beate Marie Virginis anno quolibet exolvendo, laudimio, iure prelacionis et maiori dominio nobis et ipsi nostre domui semper salvis. Dantes et concedentes tibi tuisque heredibus et successoribus licenciam, potestatem et auctoritatem dictas vineas dandi, vendendi, permutandi, alienandi et disponendi de eis pro tua eorundemque tuorum heredum et successorum libera voluntate cum census onere supradicto. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obediencie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis existant, ne contra presentem nostram donacionem aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die vicesima mensis Ianuarii anno Incarnacionis Domini Millesimo quatercentesimo primo. [174] Rhodes, 12 March 1402. The Master grants for life to Fr. Pierre Gaiche, Commander of Saint Christophe, the platea, house and vineyard of Aptidi once held by the late Fr. Guillaume de Munte, the Hospitaller, at responsions of two jars of wine a year. [Malta 331, f. 168v (168v)]. Frater Philibertus de Nailhaco etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Petro Gache preceptori Sancti Christofori dicte domus salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Vestris comendabilibus meritis et acceptis per vos nobis

1  Georgios had been dichaios or vicar-general of Rhodes: Luttrell (1999), III 212–13, 215. 2 Ms: leventis.

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obsequiis prestitis gratitudine respondentes, plateam [et] domum cum vinea de Aptidi nostras et domus nostre sitas et positas intra insulam nostram Rodi cum omnibus et singulis suis terris, confrontacionibus, iuribus et pertinenciis, cum quibus et prout illa tenuit et habuit condam frater Guillermus de Munte hospitalerius, et cum quibuscunque iuribus et pertinenciis per dictum fratrem Guillermum recipi solitis et haberi et sub annua responsione duarum iarrarum vini ad vitam vestram de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia auctoritate presencium conferimus, concedimus et donamus. Mandantes universis etc. Quinymo etc. Data Rodi die duodecima mensis Marcii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quartercentesimo primo. [175] Rhodes, 24 August 1402. The Master and Convent license Simone de Vignoli, son and heir of the late Stefano de Vignoli and subditus and habitator of Rhodes, to alienate two parts of the casale of Lardos, inherited from his father and held in feudum nobile, to any subject of the Hospital. [Malta 332, f. 164v –165 (162v –163)]. Frater Philibertus etc. et nos conventus Rodi domus eiusdem dilecto nobis in Christo Symoni de Vingnolo filio et heredi quondam Stephani de Vingnolo subdito et habitatori nostro Rodi salutem in Domino. Fidelia accepta gratuita servicia per tuos progenitores nobis et nostre dicte domui impensa nos inducunt ut nos erga te propter eos in tuis petitionibus reddamur favorabiles et benignos. Hinc est quod nos tuis supplicationibus inclinati tibi licentiam, auctoritatem et potestatem vendendi, donandi et alienandi duas partes casalis de Lardo pro indiviso iure successionis dicti tui patris naturalis et legitimi ad te spectantes et devolutas, scitas et positas in insula nostra Rodi cum ipsarum iuribus, pertinenciis et limitibus ipius casalis tuis antecessoribus per nostros antesuccessores et nos conventum predictum olim in feudum nobile concessi specialiter reservatas pro precio tibi viso cuicunque persone emere et comparare volenti nostro tamen et religioni subdito tenore presencium, invicem deliberato consilio de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia concedimus et donamus, sensu et aliis deveriis et oneribus fieri et solvi consuetis nobis et dicte domui semper salvis. Quocirca universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus presentibus et futuris dicte domus, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, sub virtute sancte obedientie precipimus et mandamus necnon dicte domus hominibus, subditis et vassallis sub sacramento fidelitatis et homagii quo nobis et dicte domui sunt astricti ne contra presentes1 venire presumant, quinymo illas servant. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appenssa. Data Rodi die vicesima quarta mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo secundo. [176] Rhodes, 28 August 1402. The Master and Convent ratify to their vassal, the noble Dragonetto Clavelli, lord of Nisyros and of the casale of Lardos, the sale by 1 Ms: presentem.

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Simone de Vignoli to Dragonetto and his heirs of two parts of the casale which Simone held, confirming the grant in [177]. [Malta 332, f. 165–165v (163–163v)]. Frater Philibertus de Neilhaco etc. et nos conventus Rodi domus eiusdem nobili viro Dragnono Clavelli domino insule Nizariensis et casalis de Lardo vasallo nostro fideli salutem et sincerum in Domino caritatis affectum. Iustis1 petencium desideriis libenter annuimus eaque favore prosequimur opportuno. Sane humilis petitio vestra nobis exhibita continuit quod dilectus nobis in Christo Symon de Vignollis, condominus2 dicti casalis pro duabus partibus et indiviso quas a nobis in feudum nobile detinebat, duas huiusmodi partes pro indiviso vobis, vestro et vestrorum successorum et heredum nomine vendidit, tradidit et cessit pro precio certo de sua mera et spontanea voluntate, nostra ad hoc interveniente licentia, prout in quodam instrumento publico sumpto et stipulato per venerabilem et discretum virum magistrum Stephanum Tortelli3 et scripto manu discreti viri Manuelis Tortereli notarii plenius continetur. Quare nobis fuit a vobis humiliter supplicatum ut venditionem, alienationem, traditionem et cessionem huiusmodi confirmare et debite firmitatis robore fulcire affectu gratuito annuaremus, necnon acceptare, ratificare et approbare donationem, cessionem et translationem per nos de dicto casali [vobis] factam4 sub pactis, formis, modis et conditionibus in quodam publico instrumento sumpto stipulato per dictum Stephanum et scripto5 per dictum Manuelem notarios publicos, quorum instrumentorum tenores hiis presentibus pro insertis haberi volumus. Nos igitur volentes vos et vestros propter vos, ut tenemur, favore prosequi gratie specialis et votis vestris acquiescere vestris huiusmodi supplicationibus inclinati venditionem, traditionem et cessionem ac donationem et translationem predictas, prout in dictis instrumentis continetur, ratas habentes et gratas illas invicem deliberato consilio de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia confirmamus et presentis scripti patrocinio communimus. Quocirca universis et singulis dicte domus fratribus presentibus et futuris, quacunque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, sub virtute sancte obedientie ac hominibus, subditis et vassallis sub sacramento fidelitatis, quo nobis et dicte domui sunt astri[c]ti, precipimus et mandamus ne contra presentes nostras litteras et contenta et expressa in dictis instrumentis facere vel venire presumant, quinymo illas et illa studeant infallibiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra communis plombea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die vicesima octava mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo secundo. [177] Rhodes, 28 August 1402. The Master and Convent grant in feudum nobile to the noble Dragonetto Clavelli, lord of Nisyros and the Master’s familiaris, and to his

1 Ms: iustum. 2 Ms: condominis. 3  Sic for Tortorella. 4 Ms: per vos de dicto casalis nobis factam; the reference is apparently to a separate donatio, cessio et translatio. 5 Ms: scriptum.

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heirs, the third of the casale of Lardos vacant through the recent death of the condominus Ferrando de Vignoli; Clavelli is to hold the whole casale, with the merum et mixtum imperium and the pena sanguinis reserved, under a form of homage and fidelity contained in the document, and he, Clavelli, is to provide four rotuli of wax a year and the service at his own expense in defence of the island of Rhodes or in Turquia or elsewhere of one armed Latin man and an armed packhorse. [Malta 332, f. 165v –166v (163v –164v)]. Frater Philibertus de Nailhaco etc. et nos conventus Rodi etc. nobili viro Dragono Clavelli domino insule Nizariensis vassallo et familiari nostro salutem et sincerum in Domino caritatis affectum. Grata vestre familiaritatis et devotionis obsequia que nobis et dicte nostre domui fideliter per multa tempora impendistis et continua prosecutione impendere non sinitis, rationabiliter promerentur ut vos et vestros propter vos dono spiritualis gratie prosequamur. Hinc est quod casalle de Lardo seu vocatum Lardo, cuius directum dominium ad nos et religionem nostram spectare dignoscitur pleno iure, consuetum per predecessores nostros personis secularibus infeudari, nuper ad nos de iure per mortem Ferrandi de Vignolo pro tercio indiviso dicti1 casallis condomini ipsiusque omne ius devolutum, situatum in insula nostra Rodi cum omnibus et singulis iuribus et pertinentiis suis, terris cultis et incultis, possessionibus, nemoribus, locis, aquis et aquarum decursibus, montanis, pratis, pascuis, molendinis, vallibus, hominibus, villanis, servis sexus utriusque, iuribus, rationibus et appendentiis omnibus et singulis, et cum quibus dictus quondam Ferrandus et sub eisdem pactis, modis et conditionibus illud casalle pro indi[viso] h[ab]-uit,2 tenuit et possedit, vobis, heredibus et successoribus vestris et ab eis et eorum quolibet descendentibus invicem deliberato consilio de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia in aliquali remuneratione et recompensione premissorum obsequiorum in feudum nobile et iure feudi auctoritate presentium donamus, concedimus, harum serie infeudamus habendum, tenendum, possidendum per vos, vestros heredes et successores inperpetuum, mero tamen et mixto imperio superioritatis et fidelitatis debito et quacumque pena sanguinis salvis et specialiter reservatis. Eciam quod in aliam personam dictum casalle pro tercio indiviso transferri, impignorari, dari, alienari nullatenus valeat neque ipsius servi sexus utriusque, que omnia nobis et dicte domui in signum superioritatis et supremi dominii nostro proprio reservamus. Dantes et concedentes vobis presenti et recipienti nomine vestro et vestrorum heredum dicti casallis pro tercio indiviso et omnium iurium ipsius pacificam corporalem possessionem, accipiendi et habendi potestatem et deinceps acceptam et habitam retinendi. Promittentes per nos et successores nostros vobis, heredibus vestris et ex eisdem descendentibus in perpetuum litem, questionem, controversiam aliquam de dicto casalli et feudo vel eius iuribus pro tercio indiviso, ut dictum est, nullo tempore inferre

1 Ms: dictis. 2 The Ms has a hole.

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seu inferenti consentire quoquomodo, sed ipsum casalle et feudum pro tercio indiviso et omnia singula predicta ab omni persona et universitate deffendere, auctorisare, garantire, in dicto feudo vos, heredes et successores vestros in perpetuum manutenere et servare ac nostram donationem presentem perpetuo ratam, gratam et firmam habere, tenere nec contrafacere seu venire per nos seu alium vel alios de iure vel de facto aliquo causa vel colore sub ypotheca et obligatione nostrorum et dicte domus bonorum presentium et futurorum. Insuper formam homagii et fidelitatis sacramentum per vos, vestros ac heredum vestrorum et ex eis descendentium nomine atque vice nobis ratione dicti feudi prestiti presentibus inseri fecimus, que talis est: Ego prefatus Dragononus pro me et meis heredibus et ab eis descendentibus promitto et iuro ad hec Dei sancta evvangelia manibus propriis tacta ex nunc in perpetuum vobis reverendissimo in Christo patri et domino magistro et vestris successoribus canonice intrantibus et conventui predictis ac dicte domui fidelem esse vassallum vosque, successores vestros et domum Hospitalis et fratres, bona, res, iura et honores vestros et successorum vestrorum et dicte sacre domus pro posse me fideliter servare et procurare et nullatenus machinari contractare per me vel alium aliquid quod in detrimentum, periculum, dampnum seu contumeliam personarum premissi vestri domini magistri et successorum vestrorum et fratrum aliorum dicte domus ac rerum, bonorum, iurium et honorum vestrorum et dicte domus verti et redundare posset, quynymo, si quid in contrarium contractari, machinari vel procurari senserim, id velotius quam potero vobis dicto domino magistro et vestris successoribus et domui indicabo, et quicquid michi sub fide et credencia a vobis et vestris successoribus vel domo commissum, iniunctumve impositum fuerit, fideliter retinere et sine vestra aut successorum vestrorum licentia non pendere nec, per quod pendatur, facere necnon vestras et successorum vestrorum personas, res, iura et honores vestros et domus predicte, ut predicitur, adversus quoscunque tueri, deffendere et totis viribus adiuvare et utile prebere auxilium, consilium et favorem et generaliter puram et meram fidelitatem vobis et vestris successoribus et dicte domui per omnia observare. Insuper, ultra fidelitatem predictam et ea que sub ipsa naturaliter includuntur, quod vos [et] heredes vestri teneamini et teneantur anno quolibet in festo Nativitatis Sancti Iohannis Baptiste dare et solvere nobis et successoribus nostris et dicte domui insimul cum aliis condominis dicti casallis pro annuo servicio quatuor rotulos cere in tortitis et ad deffencionem et custodiam dicte insule nostre Rodi servire ad expensas proprias de uno homine latino et uno roncino armatis bonis et sufficientibus infra ipsam insulam et extra in Turquiam vel alibi quo ibit exercitus Hospitalis quando et quotiens opus fuerit et per nos et successores nostros fueritis et fuerint requisiti.3 3  Despite the reference to aliis condominis, Clavelli is apparently to hold the whole casale in fief and to owe the wax and service for all three parts of it.

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Post cuius homagii et fidelitatis sacramenti prestationem, ut premittitur, per vos quo supra nomine nobis factam in robur et efficaciorem cautelam donationis dicti feudi nos prefatus magister vos quo supra nomine de dicto feudo investimus pacis osculo interveniente. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque gradus vel conditionis existant, sub virtute sancte obedientie districte mandamus [et] precipimus ne contra predicta vel aliquid predictorum aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quynymo illa studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra comunis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die vicesima octava mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo secundo. [178] Rhodes, 9 February 1403. The Master grants for life to his familiaris Johannes de Pulcra Arbore the two-storied house or houses with a iardinum in the contrata of Quiporia in the Castellany of Rhodes outside the suburbs of the town, vacant through the death of Johannes Bourceli, the Master’s barber and familiaris. [Malta 332, f. 146v (145v)]. Frater Philibertus de Nailhaco etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Iohanni de Pulcra Arbore familiari nostro salutem in Domino. Quia ex premio fides crescit et remunerata servicia ad obsequendum ferventius solicitant servitores non indigne fidelia accepta servicia tua nobis et nostre prestita religioni in cis- et ultramarinis et que continua prosecutione impendere non desinis, remuneratione prosequimur gratie specialis. Quamobrem quedam hospitia bassa et alta et iardinum que fuerunt quondam dilecti nobis in Christo Iohannis Bourceli barberii et familiarii nostri per eius obitum ad nos devoluta, sita et posita in insula nostra1 Rodi infra castellaniam Rodi extra suburbia civitatis Rodi in contracta vocata Quiporia cum omnibus confrontationibus, viis, ingressibus, egressibus suis, iuribus, pertinentiis cum quibus et prout illa dictus olim Iohannes tenuit, habuit et possedit, et sub censu annuo aliisque oneribus solvi inde consuetis habenda, tenenda, possidenda, utifruenda, quamdiu vicxeris, tibi tenore presentium de nostra certa scientia concedimus et donamus. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obedientie religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri … vicesgerenti castellani dicte castellanie nostre Rodi et eiusdem quovis titulo nunc et imposterum presidenti regimini ut te vel procuratorem tuum in possessionem dictorum hospiciorum et iardini indilate presentibus receptis inducat seu induci faciat et inductum conservet omni excusatione remota, et ipsorum fructibus, iuribus, bonis et emolumentis omnibus tibi faciat integre responderi amoto abinde quolibet detentore, si quis sit et quem amovemus per presentes et decernimus amovendum, necnon omnibus et singulis dicte domus fratribus, quacumque dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris, ne contra presentem nostram donationem aliquatenus facere vel venire 1 Ms: insulam nostram.

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presumant, quinymo efficaciter illam servent. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die nona mensis Februarii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo secundo. [179] Rhodes, 10 October 1403. The Master grants for life to the noble miles Bernat de Sant Saturnin the casale of Dyaskoros, reserving the merum et mixtum imperium; the Bailiff of Rhodes is to induct him. [Malta 332, f. 169 (167)]. Frater Philibertus de Nailhaco etc. nobili1 viro domino Bernardo de Sancto Saturnino militi salutem in Domino. Ex gratuitis obsequiis et meritis vestris comendabilibus diu per vos nobis et religioni nostre impensis et que solicita diligentia impendere non cessatis, vos aliquali remuneratione prosequentes casale nostrum vocatum Diascoro situatum in insula nostra Rodi cum omnibus et singulis suis iuribus et pertinentiis ac omnibus et singulis terris, possessionibus, nemoribus, vineis, aquis, pascuis, censivis ipsi casali spectantibus et debentibus pertinere quoquomodo unacum rusticis, servis et villanis illius casalis sexus utriusque intus et extra dictum casale existentibus habendum, tenendum, possidendum et utifruendum,2 nobis et nostre religioni reservatis mero et mixto imperio, vobis ad vitam vestram de nostra certa scientia et gratia speciali tenore presentium concedimus et donamus. Mandantes religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri .. baillivo insule predicte ut vos vel procuratorem vestrum in possessionem dicti casalis de Diascoro inducat et faciat vobis ipsius bonis, iuribus, proventibus et emolumentis omnibus et singulis integre responderi et parere in omnibus tanquam dicti casalis domino iuxta presentium tenorem. In cuius etc. Data Rodi die decima mensis Octobris anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo tertio. [180] Rhodes, 3 August [1404]. Fr. Pierre de Bauffremont, the Hospitaller, with the Master’s licence and confirmation, rents for five years from 1 September [1404] to Dragonetto Clavelli, lord of Nisyros, the casale of Armia and its appurtenances for 2,250 florins of Rhodes which he has received; Fr. Pierre is leaving for the West and will recover the casale on his return, repaying Dragonetto any balance due and the value of improvements, but if Fr. Pierre were to die the Master guarantees Dragonetto that he will retain possession for the five years or be compensated. [Malta 333, f. 119–20 (119–20)]. Noverint universi et singuli presentes pariter et futuri quod ego frater Petrus de Boffremont hospitalarius sacre domus Hospitalis Sancte Iohannis Iherosolimitani confiteor, de et [cum] licentia, preambula, voluntate et assensu reverendissimi in Christo patris domini domini fratris Philiberti de Nailhaco Dei gratia sacre domus prefate dignissimi magistri et domini, et in ipsius presentia recognosco

1 Ms: venerabili et circumspecto before correction. 2 Ms: ususfruendum.

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locasse et appaltasse et arrendasse ac titulo et nomine locationis, appaltus et arrendamenti dedisse, locasse, concessisse et assignasse vobis nobili et magnifico viro Dragono Clavelli domino insule Nizeriensis locum, possessionem seu casale meum nuncupatum de Armia1 suis confinibus limitatum, situm et positum in insula Rodi cum omnibus universis et singulis suis iuribus, iuri[s]dictionibus et pertinenciis quibuscunque ac cum omnibus suis domibus, fortalicio, iardinis, molendinis, nemoribus, aquis, terris cultis et incultis, pratis, pascuis, montibus, campis, vineis, redditibus, introitibus, proventibus et emolumentis quibusvis cum omnibusque servis et aliis hominibus sexus utriusque dicti loci, possessionis seu casalis et cum omnibus mutonibus, capris, equis et aliis quibuscunque animalibus dicti loci, possessionis aut casalis de Armia et ad ipsum locum, possessionem seu casale spectantibus seu quomodolibet pertinentibus presentibus et futuris pro annis quinque proximis incipiendis a prima die mensis Septembris proximo futuri et immediate successive sequentibus et complendis pro precio et nomine vel precii florenorum duorum milium ducentorum et quinquaginta monete currentis Rodi pro dicto tempore ascendentium ad rationem florenorum quadringentorum et quinquaginta dicte monete pro anno quolibet. Quoquidem precium florenorum duorum milium ducentorum et quinquaginta pro toto dicto tempore confiteor a vobis Dragonono antedicto habuisse et integraliter ac manualiter numerando recepisse et renuncio de licentia qua supra exceptioni pecunie non numerate et omni alie2 exceptioni et iuri que et quod contra presentes quomodolibet faceret, disponeret vel attemptaret, vocoque me de licentia qua supra tacitum, quietum, contentum et solutum a vobis Dragonono appaltatore antedicto de dictis florenis iim iic et lta michi per vos datis, numeratis, traditis, consignatis et solutis ut supra pro toto dicto tempore. Propter quod do, tribuo et concedo vobis Dragonono appaltatori antedicto licentiam et posse dictum nostrum locum, possessionem et casale de Armia, sic ut prefertur, a dicta prima die mensis Septenbris proximo venturi usque ad complementum dictorum annorum quinque vestri appaltus tenendi, possidendi et utifruendi fructusque, redditus et proventus ac iura et emolumenta directe vel indirecte ipsius loci, possessionis seu casalis3 mei de Armia durante dicto vestro appaltu accipiendi, capiendi, recipiendi, vendendi, permutandi et alienandi et alias de ipsis faciendi et disponendi tanquam de rebus vestris propriis et de vestra propria pecunia emptis. Promictoque vobis Dragonono appaltatori antedicto bona fide et in fide mee nobilitatis et sacramenti corporis mei et quod habeo in religione mea, si ego rediens de partibus occidentalibus, in quibus duce Deo ad presens peragere intendo, infra dictum terminum dictorum annorum quinque vestri appaltus voluero dictum meum locum, possessionem et casale de Armia recuperare a vobis, quod primo debita vobis reddere, restituere, satisfacere et

1  Armia: unlocated but in or near the Castellany of Rhodes: Sarnowsky (2001), 642–3. 2 Ms: alii. 3 Ms: casalus.

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solvere illam sortem pecunie que vobis defficeret ad dictam rationem usque ad complementum dictorum annorum quinque, ac omnem melioramentum tam super dicto loco, possessione et casali meo de Armia quam super ipsius bonis, hominibus et bestiis factum per vos Dragononum appaltatorem antedictum in dictum terminum dictorum annorum quinque, et quod positis et valeatis, si vobis bonam satisfactionem, contentamentum et solutionem non fecerim, de dicto melioramento reaccipere et auferre et vobis satisfieri facere dictum melioramentum de dicto loco, possessione et casali meo de Armia et ipsius bonis, hominibus et bestiis quibuscunque ad omne vestre libitum voluntatis contradictione, molestia, exceptione et impedimento tam iuris quam facti postpositis et amotis. Pro quibus omnibus universis et singulis ac quolibet predictorum firmiter attendendis, adimplendis, complendis et observandis de licentia qua supra obligo vobis Dragonono appaltatori antedicto omnia mea bona et harnesia et quoscunque meos redditus, proventus et emolumenta mearum dignitatis et preceptoriarum habitos et habendos, et sic attendere et observare vobis Dragonono appaltatori predicto promicto de licentia qua supra ad sancta Dei evangelia manibus meis propriis tactis super cruce mei habitus iuro more religionis mee. Et nos dictus frater Philibertus de Nailhaco Dei gratia sacre domus prefate magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos approbamus, emologamus et ratifficamus omnia universa et singula supra per te religiosum in Christo nobis carissimum fratrem Petrum de Bofremont hospitalarium domus nostre antedictum locata, appaltata, arrendata, dicta, narrata, retenta,4 promissa, obligata et iurata et in eis eorunque quolibet nostram auctoritatem interponimus pariter et decretum, promictimusque tibi Dragonono appaltatori antedicto et volumus quod si in quinquenium dicti tui appaltus idem hospitalarius dies suos clauserit extremos, quod absit, quod dictus locus, possessio et casale de Armia sic et prout expecificatur5 non possit nec debeat de manibus tuis auferri durante dicto termino quinquenii tui appaltus, ymo possis et valeas dictum locum, possessionem et casale de Armia utifrui ut supra con[tine]tur, et si contigerit nos specialiter velle per obitum ipsius hospitalarii recuperare dictum locum, possessionem et casale de Armia a te quod non tenuaris nobis illum reddere seu aliquam restitutionem nobis de eodem facere nisi prehabita solutione et satisfactione de tua pecunia pro illo tempore quod tibi defficeret usque ad complementum dicti quinquenii tui appaltus, super quo volumus deberi primo pacisci et componeri ad omnes tuos6 contentamentum et libitum voluntatis. Et facta dicta solutione et satisfactione tam super sorte principali quam super dicto melioramento, ut supra continetur, tunc tu nobis tenearis, debeas et possis restitutionem facere de eodem. Super quo melioramento, nisi tibi fuerit satisfactum ut supra continetur, possis et valeas illud melioramentum de dicto loco, possessione et casali de Armia aufferre prout supra tibi 4 Ms: rententa. 5 Ms: experifuatur. 6 Ms: tuis.

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dictus hospitalarius promisit et convenit. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea etc. Data Rodi die tertia mensis Augusti anno predicto. [181] Rhodes, 1 September 1404. The Master grants for life to Fr. Johannes Tensac the prioratus or cappellania of Saint Mary at Filerimos, vacant through the promotion of Fr. Bertrand Ameli to the cappellania of Saint John at Avignon vacant through the death of Fr. Mathieu Calvet. [Malta 333, f. 122 (122)]. Frater Philibertus etc. religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Iohanni Tensac dicte domus salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Ex devotis divinis officiis per vos Altissimo in religione nostra impensis probabiliter supponentes per vos prioratum seu cappellaniam Beate Marie de Filerme ad laudem Dei administrari in spiritualibus et temporalibus huiusmodi prioratum seu cappellaniam vacantem per promotionem dicte domus fratris Bertrandi Ameli dicti prioratus prioris per nos factam ad cappellaniam seu sacristiam Sancti Iohannis Baptiste quondam Templi Avinionensis vacantem per obitum quondam dicte domus fratris Mathei Calveti et ad nostram dispositionem propterea devolutam cum omnibus et singulis fructibus, obvencionibus, iuribus et pertinentiis suis universis ad eam spectantibus et pertinentibus ac spectare et pertinere debentibus quoquomodo, et cum quibus illam dictus frater Bertrandus habuit, tenuit et possedit, habendum, tenendum, gubernandum etc. ad vitam vestram de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia tenore presentium conferimus, concedimus et donamus bene et laudabiliter dicto prioratui seu cappellanie in divinis serviendo. In cuius rei etc. Data Rodi die1 prima mensis Septembris anno quo supra mo cccco quarto. [182] Rhodes, 20 July 1408. The Master declares innocent Georgius Barilho of the casale of Mirtomie who, with the licence of the late Marshal Fr. Pons de Lastic who then held the casale, built on his land at Octonere a trap with a sharp blade to capture wild animals damaging his crops; but, while stealing melons, Georgius Archangeliti of the casale of Archangelos fell into the trap and died; Fr. Juan de Mur, Bailiff of Rhodes, has summoned witnesses who testified that the death was an accident. [Malta 334, f. 152v –153 (154v –155)]. Frater Philibertus etc. notum facimus universis presentes litteras inspecturis quod cum dudum Georgius Barilho homo nostri casalis de Mirtomie in quadam sua terra dicta Octonere ad feras silvestres capiendas que cotidie dictum Georgium in sua agricultura dampnificabant quandam foveam de mandato et licentia deffuncti fratris Poncii de Lastico quondam dicte domus marescalli, qui pro tunc dictum casale obtinebat, construxerit et in ipsa fovea quendam cutellum, gladium sicie lignum acutum posuerit animo et intencione feras silvestres capiendi, ut prefertur, ac non alias, et deinde Georgius Archangeliti nostri casalis d’Archangelo illuc latenter transferendo et in dicta agricultura intrare volendo 1 Ms: die repeated.

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animo et intencione quendam fructum vocatum molonis1 furandi in dictam foveam super aciem dicti gladii, cutelli sive ligni incidit, unde se taliter sanguinavit2 quod inde mors secuta est. Ideo dictus Georgius Barrilho, timens ne propter hoc inter homicidas deberet computari, nobis humiliter supplicavit ut, si propter hoc penam aliquam criminalem aut civilem incurrere deberet, sibi misericorditer indulgere dignaremur. Hinc est quod per religiosum in Christo nobis carissimum fratrem Iohannem de Mur bailhivum insule nostre Rodi de nostris3 licentia et mandato preconizationibus solennibus in dicta insula locis assuetis factis et preconizatis ut, si aliquis esset, qui contra dictum supplicantem occasione premissorum se opponere vellet, ad certas dies iam elapsas coram dicto bailhivo comparere deberet dicturus et allegaturus causas sue oppositionis, quare dictus supplicans homicida reputari deberet et inde processurus, ut foret rationis. Quibus diebus nullus apparuit opponens seu contradicens prout dominus bailhivus nobis verbothenus retulit. Igitur considerantes quia preter culpam suam iste casus fortuitus accidit et quod sibi imputari non debet, quia nec voluntate sua seu desiderio homicidium istud perpetratum est, de voluntate, consilio et assensu domus nostre fratrum nobis in hac parte astantium et super hoc cum iurisperitis et aliis sapientibus consulta deliberatione prehabita dictum supplicantem tenore presentium ab homicidio huiusmodi, si homicidium dici posset, insontem declaramus et decernimus innocentem, et si occasione premissorum penam aliquam criminalem aut civilem pati deberet, ad uberiorem suam cautelam ipsam sibi remittimus et indulgemus et ipsum pristine fame sue restituimus. Inhibentes districtius universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fungentibus, sub virtute sancte obedientie ac hominibus et vassallis et quibusvis aliis in insula nostri Rodi constitutis presentibus et futuris sub sacramento fidelitatis et homagii quo nobis et nostre domui sunt astricti ne contra presentem nostram declarationem, remissionem et indulgentiam aliquathenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymmo illam iuxta eius mentem et seriem inviolabiliter servent. In cuius rei testimonium etc. Data Rodi die xxma mensis Iulii anno Incarnationis Domini mo cccco octavo. [183] Rhodes, 30 January 1409. The Master grants for life at the customary census to his farrier Odetus Jornaul a house and adjoining vineyard in the contrata of Mixi in the Castellany of Trianda, vacant through the death of Bondiquo; this vineyard is bordered on one side by the road from Malpasso to Filerimos, on another side by the vineyard of Michali Calevarde and on another by the house and vineyard of Niquita Ruffi. [Malta 334, f. 154v –155 (156v –157)]. Frater Philibertus de Nailhaco etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Odeto Iornaul marescallo nostro salutem in Domino. Quia ex premio fides crescit et 1  Sic for melonis? 2 Ms: sanciavit. 3 Ms: nostri.

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remunerata servicia ad obsequendum ferventius solicitant servitores non indigne fidelia et accepta tua obsequia premiatione prosequimur graciosa per te nobis et nostre religioni impensa. Igitur quasdam domum et vineam adinvicem contiguas, sitas et existentes1 in contrata de Mixy2 in castellania nostra Triande, confrontatas cum via publica qua itur de Malo Passu apud Filerimum a parte interiori, et vinea Michali Calevarde ex parte alia, et domi3 et vinea4 Niquete Ruffi ex altera parte, cum aliis suis confinibus, ingressibus et egressibus, iuribus et pertinentiis quibuscunque ad nos per mortem deffuncti dicti Bondiquo devolutas ad vitam tuam de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia tenore presentium sub annuo canone sive censu debito et solvi consueto nobis seu a nobis deputatis reddendo et solvendo statuto termino tibi concedimus et donamus. Mandantes et tenore presentium precipientes sub virtute sancte obedientie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram donationem et gratiam aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo eam studeant iuxta eius mentem et seriem inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die penultima mensis Ianuarii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo octavo. [184] Rhodes, 5 February [1409]. The Master grants for life to Fr. Lorrin Grivel some houses and adjoining vines known as the vineyard of Frater Bertin, bordered on one side by the vineyard of the heirs of Doffis Magaluciano, and on another by the vineyard called Occeno and by the roads from Rhodes to Malpasso which run above and below it. [Malta 334, f. 190 (192)]. Frater Philibertus et[c.] religioso etc. fratri Lorrino Grivelli dicte domus salutem etc. Propter susceptum de vobis testimonium comendandum vos speciali1 gratia prosequentes2 quasdam domos et vineas adinvicem contiguas vocatas vineam fratris Bertin, confrontatas cum vinea heredum Doff[is] Magaluciano ex una parte, et vinea dicti Occeno ex alia parte, et itineribus quibus itur de Rodo ad Malum Passum desuper et dessubtus, cum aliis suis confinibus, ingressibus et egressibus, iuribus et pertinentiis suis quibuscunque tenore presentium de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia ad vitam vestram concedimus etc. et donamus. Mandantes etc. Data Rodi die va mensis Februarii anno predicto.

1 Ms: existententes. 2  Mixi on the Bay of Trianda. 3  Sic. 4 Ms: vinee. 1 Ms: specialis. 2 Ms: proscipientes.

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[185] Rhodes, 8 February 1409. The Master grants for life to Angelina de Johanna and her heirs at the customary census a hospicium at Villanova, bordered to the west by a small piece of her land and on another side by the land called Vasilly to Dyaco; in addition he grants a piece of vineyard once held by the sister of Leo Scopelity which is next to the vine held by the Prior of England and bounded on another side by the vineyard of Scopelity, and on another side by the sea. [Malta 334, f. 190v (192v)]. Frater Philibertus etc. dilecte nobis in Christo Angeline de Iohanna salutem etc. in Domino sempiternam. Tua devotione fideli nos tibi ad gratiam inducente quoddam hospicium situm apud Villam Novam, a parte occidentis confrontatum cum quadam parva vestra pecia terre ex una parte, et terre dicti Vacilly to Dyaco ex parte altera, item quandam peciam vinee que quondam fuit sororis de Lyo Scopelity contiguam vinee prioris Anglie ex parte una, et vinee Scopelity parte ex altera, et mari ex altera parte, cum aliis suis confinibus, ingressibus et egressibus, iuribus et pertinentiis quibuscunque, de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia tibi et liberis tuis de legitimo matrimonio procreatis et procreandis superstitis et viventibus de herede in heredem successive sub oneribus nobis debitis et solvi consuetis tenore presentium conferimus, concedimus et donamus. Mandantes etc. Data Rodi die viii mensis Februarii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo cccco octavo. [186] Paris, 27 June 1409. Fr. Regnault de Giresme, Prior of France, acting with the Master’s licence of 1400 [168], gives his nephew Fr. Nicole de Giresme, whom he is sending to Rhodes, his vines at Asgourou, one once held by Fr. Pou de Gost and the other by Coste Fournier, and he also gives Fr. Nicole his garden at Kalamonas together with his dwelling and utensils in the Collachium; Fr Nicole is to maintain a lamp in the Conventual church as long as he holds the inheritance. [Malta 336, f. 22v –23 (22v –23); cited Roger (2012), 323]. Fratres Iacobus Tinelli Alvernie, Raymondus de Lescure Tholose et Philippus de Languilhie Lombardie priores reverendissimi in Christo patris ac domini domini fratris Philiberti de Nailhaco sacre domus sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani magistri dignissimi et pauperum Christi custodis locunten­ entes generale capitulum celebrantes religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Nicolao de Giresme sancti dicte domus salutem in Domino sempiternam. Meritorum commendabilium consideratione vestrorum vos specialis favoris gratia prosequentes omnia et singula in litteris quibus hec presentes sunt annexe contenta de voluntate, consilio et assensu religiosorum in Christo nobis carissimorum fratrum Galteri Crassi decretorum doctoris prioris ecclesie conventualis Rodi, Lucii de Vaillinis marescalli, Johannis Grivelli preceptoris Chamberelli, procuratorum nostri conventus Rodi, Toussani de Berneville, preceptoris de Boncourt, locumtenentis prioris Francie, et aliorum fratrum in dicto capitulo astantium, volumus, laudamus, approbamus, ratifficamus et auctoritate presentis generalis capituli de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia ad vitam vestram confirmamus, mandantes et tenore 256

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presentium precipientes sub virtute sancte obedientie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, ­quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fungentibus presentibus, et futuris ne contra presentem nostrum confirmationem aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo illam servent. In cuius rei testimonium ad maiorem predictorum roboris firmitatem bulla dicti reverendissimi domini nostri magistri in absencia bulle communis plumbee presentibus est appensa. Data in nostro generali capitulo in ecclesia nostra Sancti Iohannis extra muros civitatis Aquensis celebrato die secunde mensis Maii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo CCCCmo decimo. Sequitur tenor dictarum litterarum: A toulz ceulx qui ces presentes lettres verront frere Regnault de Giresme de la sainte maison de l’ospital de Saint Jehan de Jerusalem humble prieur en France salut, scavoir faisons que nous du congie et licence de monsieur le maistre notre souverain et par vertu de ses bulles sur ceste[n]s desquellez la teneur s’ensuit: Frater Philibertus de Naylhaco sacre domus hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Reginaldo de Giresme priori Francie dicte domus salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem vestre exhibencia meritorum nos inducit ut illam vobis gratiam impendamus quam vobis obsequentibus et saluti vestre anime fore conspicimus opportunam vestris itaque supplicationibus inclinati ut de vineis et iardino de Calamone que habetis in insula Rodi possitis nepoti seu nepotibus vestris vel pro fundatione cappellaniarum ordinare et disponere pro vestre voluntatis arbitrio quando volueritis vobis de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia tenore presentium auctoritatem, et potestatem et licentiam impertimur. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi die octavo mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quatercentesimo. avons donne et ottroye donnons et ottroyerons par ces presentes a notre bien ame nepueu frere Nicole de Giresme, le quel de present nous envoyerons au convent a Rodes au service de Dieu et de notre religion noz vignes assises a Rodes ou lieu quet l’en dit Lisegorre, desquelles l’une fust a frere Pou de Gost et l’autre fust de Tofte Fournier [avec]1 le jardin de Calamone, notre chambre, ostel et utensiles que nous avons ou collac de Rodes pour enjoyer et user sa vie durant et seulement avisse et par la maniere que nous en usions et avons a user par avant ce present don et ottroye par avissi touteffois qu’il soie tenus et doivue maintenir et enluminer la lampe devant le crucefix en l’esglise de Saint Jehan tant et si longuement qu’il tendera et possidere lesdiz hiretages. En tesmoing de ce nous avons soellees ces lettres de notre propre seel duquel nous usons, et a plus grant securete de ce que dit est pour notre dit nepueu avons requis instrument de ce present don et trans[fert] a Jehan Jaques notaire 1 Ms: avent le v?

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publique et imperial ci desouls soubscript en quel instrument soit incorpores la dicte bulle avantdite la teneur de ces presentes a plus grant confirmation. Donne a Paris en notre maison du Temple le xxvii jour du mois de Juing l’an de grace mille iiiic et ix, presens a ce frere Jehan Scubaut et Nicole Signet commandeurs de Malrepast et de Bonbertoft, maistre Jehan de Gondanville, maistre en ars, Huybert Hermebat dit Griguiat du diocese d’Amiens et Pierre le Lorrain du diocese de Sens et plusieurs aultres. Subscripto notarii Et ego Iohannes Iacobi clericus Trecensis diocesis publicus apostolica et imperiali auctoritate notarius quia premissis omnibus et singulis dimisit ut supra scribuntur per dictum priorem fierent et agentur una cum prenominatis testibus presens interfui, eaque sic fieri, vidi et audivi, ideo hiis presentibus litteris unacum ipsius domini prioris appensione sigilli et de eius mandato signum meum solitum hic me manu mea propria subscribens apposui in testimonium veritatis unum et singularum premissorum requisitur. [187] Pisa, 28 August 1409. The Master, at the request of King Louis [of Naples], pardons Rolandus de Lunachicani of Kos who went with others from Rhodes city to the casale of Asgourou to the wedding of his brother Anthonius, a newly baptized Jew, and the daughter of a woman of the casale; various men including Graciole and also Nicholaus Paquereti, both natives of Rhodes, wished to go to Rhodes town; they met a man carrying a sack of canores or cahoniri,1 to whom Graciole said that he wanted to have some for his wife, and Nicholas said ‘And I want to have some of them for one gigliato;’ Graciole disagreed and they began to argue, insulting each other so that both drew their swords; Rolandus, to pacify them, said ‘Let us go to the vineyard of Vaxillus Largentier’ and so they went there but could not reach agreement; instead Graciole said to Nicholaus ‘Today either your wife or mine will be without a husband’; and Graciole, together with a certain Grantcale and others, waited for Nicholaus in order to kill him, seeing which Nicholaus left the house of the vineyard and attacked the others with his sword; Rolandus then called for help ‘À l’aide! À l’aide! these men are killing each other’, whereupon Anthonius tried to separate the contendants and grabbed Grantcale, saying ‘You do ill’, at which Grantcale hit Anthonius, saying ‘Let me go’, and Anthonius hit Grantcale, who then killed Anthonius, after which Rolandus, moved by brotherly love, struck Grantcale so that the brains fell out of his head, whereupon he died; Rolandus then fled and sought pardon. [Malta 335, f. 161–161v (161–161v)]. Frater Philibertus etc. universis et singulis presentes litteras visuris et audituris salutem in Domino et presentibus dare fidem. Ex par[t]e Rolandi de Lunachicani insule nostre Langoni[s] nobis dolenter fuit expositum quod cum una die prime

1  Possibly puppies or songbirds; cf. Italian canoro.

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septimane Quadragesime proximo preterite de nostra2 civitate Rodi ad casale de Lisgourre se transferit cum nonnullis aliis pro tractando quoddam matrimonium inter Anthonium iudeum de novo baptisatum et filiam cuiusdam mulieris apud dictum casale commorant[em]. Quo matrimonio tractato, dictus exponens et nonnulli alii, inter quos erant dictus Graciole et Nicholaus Paquereti de Rodo oriundi apud Rodum reverti volentes de dicto casali de Lisgourre, recesserunt et cuidam homini secum unum sacum in quo erant canorres portant[i] obviaverunt, cui dictus Gracioule dixit ‘Volo habere pro coniuge mea de istis caoniris,’ cui dictus Nicholaus respondit ‘Et ego volo habere de istis pro uno iuilliato,’3 cui dictus Gratiole contradixit et sic inceperunt pro emptione dictorum canorrum adinvicem contendere et unus alteri multas iniurias dicere intantum, quod dictus Graciole de facto ensem suum traxit de vagine et dictus Nicholaus similiter suum, qui exponens volens concordiam ponere inter eos dixit ‘Eamus ad vineam Vaxilli Largentier et ibi de istis duobus concordiam faciemus,’ et sic abinde recesserunt et ad dictam vineam se transtulerunt et ibi concordiam habere non potuerunt, sed dixit dictus Gratiole dicto Nicholao certe ribalde ‘Aut hodie uxor tua erit sine viro aut mea’, et postea recesserunt de vinea dicti Gratiole et Grantcale cum nonnullis aliis expectantes dictum Nicholaum ut ipsum occiderent,4 quod videns dictus Nicholaus exivit de domo dicte vinee et posuit ensem in manu et adivit contra dictos Gratiole et Grantcale et alios, et dictus exponens, timens ne aliquid mali esset inter eos, clamavit ‘Alaide, alaide, isti homines interficiunt se’, quo facto Anthonius frater dicti exponentis, qui ibidem presens erat, videns quod lis invalescebat et quod dicti Gratiole, Grantcale et nonnulli alii se tenebant adinvicem, volens segregare eos, accepit dictum Grancale et atrahit ipsum ad se, dicens ‘Tu male facis’, et tunc dictus Grancale percuxit dictum Anthonium dicens ‘Dimitte me’, et idem Anthonius repercuxit dictum Grantcale et tunc idem Grantcale de iaculo quod in manu tenebat percuxit dictum Anthonium, qui Anthonius occidit in terram, et tunc unus de ibi astantibus vocavit dictum exponentem dicens ‘le Grantcali occidit fratrem tuum’, tunc dictus exponens, fraternali amore ductus, exemit ensem suum et accessit ad dictum Grantcale et percuxit ipsum in capite taliter quod cerebrum de capite exivit et ibidem dictus Grantcale expiravit. Tunc dictus exponens timens rigorem iusticie ad illustrissimi principis et domini regis Ludovici presentiam se transtulit et eidem factum suum exposuit. Qui illustrissimus rex nos affectuose pro ipso rogavit ut homicidium predictum in personam dicti Grantcale per dictum exponentem sic perpetratum eidem exponenti indulgere dignaremur. Hinc est quod nos eidem serenissimo regi pro viribus complacere cupientes, attendentes quod sentius est nocentem impugnitum relinqui quam5 innocentem condampnare et quod promptiores esse

2 Ms: de nostra repeated. 3  Gigliato, a tenth of a florin. 4 Ms: occidanter. 5 Ms: quod.

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debemus ad misericordiam quam ad rigorem, volentes misericordiam preferri rigori iusticie si ita est, predictum homicidium, quantum possumus et valemus, eidem exponenti de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia indulgemus et, quantum nostra interest, de ipso ipsum absolvimus, omnem infamie maculam quam propter hoc incurrit abolendo,6 satisfacto prius per dictum exponentem secundum bonorum suorum facultatem omnibus et singulis quorum de premissis interest seu interesse potest et poterit. Mandantes et tenore presentium precipientes universis et singulis officiariis et iusticiariis nostris et quibusvis aliis nobis subdictis in nostra insula Rodi constitutis presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram gratiam, si ita est, aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo illam servant. Data Pisis sub sigillo nostro in absencia bulle plumbee7 die xxviii mensis Augusti anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quadrin[gentesi]mo nono. [188] [The West and Rhodes: circa September 1409/20 October 1410].1 The Master in the West and the Lieutenant on Rhodes copy into their respective registers a letter to the Master, dated Barcelona 1 August 1409, from King Marti of Aragon written on behalf of his familiaris Bartolomeu Sunyer, burgensis of Rhodes, who was acting as proctor for his wife Alamana, the heiress of Nicoletta de Leone and widow of Bernat de Sant Saturnin. Marti inserted his letter of 27 September 1408 complaining that the Master had unjustly seized certain botigues in the town inherited by Alamana. In August 1409 Marti alleged that Bernat had agreed that he had given Nicoletta 2000 ducats according to their marriage contract but she had given a receipt for 4,000 ducats, hoping for later payment. Subsequently Bernat instituted his brother Artal as his heir. Naillac, contrary to law, did not give Artal the inheritance, and Artal’s curator feared to seek the 4,000 ducats. Alamana was condemned to pay the 4,000 ducats and appealed in vain. Naillac therefore insisted on the sale of the casale of Fanes and of many other goods of great value, paying her 2,100 florins for the casale, which he would then have been able to sell for 6,000 florins. No one wanted to buy the casale against Naillac’s will. According to the king, Naillac illegally incorporated into that casale the fertile domus of Bastida below the church of Saint Mary of Filerimos. Naillac did not present the accounts for the 5000 ducats from Nicoletta’s inheritance which Bartolomeu and Alamana claimed, but he agreed to pay them of his own good will. The king threatened reprisals. [Malta 335, f. 86v –87v (86v –87v); Lieutenant’s copy in Malta 339, f. 208–209 (242–243)]. Martinus Dei gratia rex Aragonum, [Valencie],2 Maioricarum, Sardinie et Corsice comes Barchinone, Rossilionis et Ci[ri]tanie, venerabili et religioso viro fratri Philiberto de Nielaco magistro milicie sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani salutem et dilectum affectum. Querule peticionis pro parte Bartholomei Sunyer naturalis, originarii ac domestici nostri, mariti et 6 Ms: abolando. 7 Ms: plumbei. 1  Marti’s letter was dated in Barcelona on 1 August 1409. 2  Malta 339: Valencie.

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procuratoris Alamane heredis universalis Nycholete de Leo[ne] quondam ­uxoris Bernardi de Sancto Saturnino3 nostro culmini oblate tenore percepimus, quod licet quedam per nos littera vobis missa presentata fuerit sub hac forma, Lo Rey d’Arago venerable maestre, segons havem entes per humil exposicio a nos feta per part du Barthomeu Sunyer burges de la ciutat de Rodes natural, familier et domestich nostre a sa muller es pervenguda certa heritat de bens en la dita ciutat, dels quals bens per vos li son estades preses certes botigues de la dita heritat non degudament de que son fort merveilliats que sens justa causa nostres vasalls et sotsmeses sien axi per vos maltractats, e com per los agradables e bons serveys que’l dit Barthomeo Sunyer nos a fets tingam singularement a cor que ell conbre integrament tot ço e quant li es estat pres, pregam vos axi affectueusement con podem que per reverence i esgart nostre vuilhats haver per tal manere recomanat lo dit Barthomeu al qual havem dat carrech en aquexes parts e altres d’algunes coses tocants nostre servir que ell cobre ço del seu, et nos vos haiam que grahir, car raonable cosa es que axi com vostres vassals son be tractats en nostra senyoria axi los nostres sien per vos tractats en tos lors4 affers favorablement e be mayorement en coses justes e honestes, certifficants vos que daço ne farets plaer et servir molt agradables per los quals serem inclinats de haver en maior recomendacio los vassals, bens e coses de vostre orde. Dada en Barchinona sots nostra segell secret a xxvii dies de setembre del any de la nativitat nostre senyor m.cccc et viii. Rex Martinus. vos tamen respondere et multominus contenta in eadem effectualiter adimplere minime curavistis. Preterea quod quamvis dictus Bernardus de Sancto Saturnino duos mille ducatos predicte Nicholete uxori sue tradidisset iuxta sponsalicia pacta et non plures, ac tamen ipsa quatuor mille ducatos fuit confessa recepisse sub spe numeracionis future, ipse vero Bernardus eius conscientiam exonarare procurans confessus fuit dictos duos mille ducatos duntaxat dicte Nicholete donasse aliorum plenissimam remissionem firmando, et per instrumentum eiusdem et etiam attestationes super eadem receptas nobis ostensas liquidum est videre. Postea autem dictus Bernardus de Sancto Saturnino suum condidit testamentum, in quo Artaldum de Sancto Saturnino fratrem suum heredem instituit, qui Artaldus incola est nostri Cathalonie principatus, et cum quo herede dictus Bartholomeus quo supra nomine iam convenit, cuius convencionis instrumentum nobis occulariter demonstravit. Sed vos nullo iuris ordine servato curatorem bonis dicti Bernardi dedistis herede prefato minime tunc nec aliter post vocato. Curator vero tunc bonis et hereditati collatis dictos 3  Nicoletta had previously been married to Giovanni Corsini [99]. People named Leone held property on Rhodes, including lands around Myrtonas and Fanes, at least from 1335: Luttrell (2003), 178, 242–4; [7, 25, 71, 171, 207]. The Nicoletta de la Liça (Leodicia?) who in 1382 held lands near Fanes [114] was possibly the Nicoletta de Leone who held Fanes before 1409. 4 Ms: leurs; Malta 339: lors.

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quatuor mille ducatos petere non extitit veritus. Producto tamen remissionis dictorum duorum mille ducatorum instrumento, silencium dicto curatori fuit inpositum cum sentencia, a qua dictus curator non eribuit appellare, et in appellacionis causa modis quesitis et admodum in civilibus dicti instrumenti serie et Alamanam prefatam ut heredem Nicholete predicte ad solvendum dictos quatuor milia ducatos appellacionis iudex sentencialiter condemnavit. A qua sentencia dicta Alamana ad sanctissimum dominum nostrum papam illico proclamavit, unde nec apostolos nec alia iuris remedia obtinere tunc potuit, sed pro remediis executionem rigidam faciendo casale de Fanes5 et aliorum quamplurimorum bonorum in magno valore sistencium vendi iussistis. Cuius casalis de Fanes vos proculdobio emptor fuistis pro duobus mille et centum florenis. Quod casale sex mille florenis potuisset tunc vendi. Sed viso et scito quod illud sub vestro districtu extabat, contra vestri voluntatem clarissimam dictum casale habendi nullus voluit se declarare emptorem. Interea quod quamdam dicte Alamane vestro servicio domum de la Bastida vocatam, que in terminis Rodi subtus ecclesiam Beate Marie de Filerm[o] cum omnibus fructibus suis, que valde est fertilis, casali eidem incorporare omni causa ac ratione cessante nullathenus omisistis. Necminus de illis quinque mille ducatis pertinentibus dicte Nicholete ut heredi Iohannis de Corsi[ni] instrumento publico medio pro parte dicti Bartholomei et uxoris eiusdem legitime requisitis, nullam suplicanti predicto racionem reddere procurastis, sed solum ductus voluntate sic fecisse et facere voluistis. Nos itaque, volentes de predictis habere certitudinem pleniorem, ad indagandam veritatem in curia nostra per fidelem consiliarium et curie nostre auditorem Vincentium Pedrica in legibus licenciatum, qui exacta diligencia super eis intendens processum legitimum collegi fecimus, cuius nobis relatione facta et veritate, prout possibile fuit, comperta ex processu inde facto, ex quo predicta omnia recognosci et examinari mandavimus et discuti. Unde predictus Bartholomeus tam per testes quam alia legitima documenta in nostra curia videtur fidem fecisse satis plenam. Ad superhabundantem cautelam iterato vobis scribimus cum presenti rogantes attentius, quatenus predicta, que a iure et racione deviare videntur, ad statum debitum reducendo prefatum Bartholomeum originarium et domesticum nostrum taliter inde tractetis, quod restitutis sibi omnibus antedictis inciviliter et iniuste ablatis gracias vobis reffere possimus, ut certius iam optamus. Alias cum nos non possimus neque dicto Bartholomeo nostro subdicto originario naturali defficere velimus in iusticia, attenta maxime miserabilitate eius, cui debetis compati plurimum, habito maturo et digesto consilio concedemus ei contra subditos vestros tam in vestra dicione degentes quam alios quosvis vestros et eorum bona licentiam marchandi et pignorandi, et alia tam iusta quam debita curabimus adhibere remedia, per que dictus originarius et domesticus noster dampna passus omnium predictorum ei ablatorum dampnorum, sumptuum et expensarum integram satisfacionem consequi poterit et emandam, prout ius et iusticia suadebunt. 5  Fanes was held by Giovanni Corsini in 1374 [99].

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Amicicie autem vestre signifficandum nos ducimus quod latori presencium Petro Eymerici iurato super relacione de presentacione huiusmodi littere vobis fienda adhibebimus plenam fidem. Data Barchinona prima die Augusti anno a Nativitate Domini Mo cccco nono.6 [189] Rhodes, 6 June 1410. Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Santo Stefano di Monopoli and Lieutenant of the Master, with the consent of Dragonetto Clavelli the Master’s procurator, licenses Fr. Juan de Mur of the Castellany of Amposta, Bailiff of Rhodes, to endow with 220 goats or other animals the cappellania of Saint Anthony of the Latins recently constructed within the Castellany of Kattavia outside the castle there. [Malta 339, f. 53v –54 (62v –63): ed. Luttrell (2007), XXIV 117, somewhat emended here; this text is followed by a confirmation of 22 January 1412, here omitted, while a less faithful copy of the same document, without the confirmation, is in Malta 339, f. 217 (251)]. Frater1 Dominicus de Alamania Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani, preceptor Sancti Stephani de Monopoli2 locumtenens reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini domini fratris Philiberti de Naylhaco Dei gracia eiusdem sacre domus magistri dignissimi et pauperum Christi custodis, universis et singulis tam presentibus quam futuris presentes litteras inspecturis, visuris et audituris salutem. Cum pro fundatione sive substentatione cappellanie3 Beati Anthonii Latinorum nuper constructe infra castellaniam castellanie Cathavie insule Rodi ex[tra] castrum dicti loci nuper causa devotionis4 per nobilem, religiosum et honestum virum fratrem Iohannem de Mur Castellanie Emposte ac baillivum insule Rodi domus eiusdem5 nobis extitit supplicatum ut6 eidem licenciam7 concedere dignaremur ut sue devotionis affectu quam ad eandem gerit cappellaniam [in remissionem suorum peccaminum et quorumcunque religiosorum dicte sacre domus decedentium, parentum atque benefactorum suorum]8 de bonis sibi a Deo collatis et per eum acquisitis usque ad capita ducentorum viginti capita caprarum seu pecudum eidem attribuere cappellanie et ad utilitatem eiusdem possit et valeat donare libere ac donatione pura et per imperpetuum valitura, ut melius ipsi9 cappellanie pro anim[a]bus10 deserviri valeat in divinis.   6 Added Bonam .p. R. Fr. Domenico de Alamania replied on 20 October 1409 rebutting Marti’s claims: Malta, 335, f. 87v –88 (87v-88) = 339, f. 197v –198 (231v –232). Marti’s death in 1410 was followed by an interregnum. Nicolas Savari was dominus of Fanes by 1415 [197].  1 Confirmation: Nos frater.  2 Confirmation: Monopolim.  3 Ms: cappellanie, possibly for cappelle since it was constructed and was at a place outside the castle.  4 Confirmation: nuper causa devotionis omitted.  5 Confirmation: nuper causa devotionis added.  6 Confirmation: quatenus.  7 Confirmation: licenciam omitted.   8  Malta 339, f. 53v –54, omits bracketed passage.  9 Confirmation: ipsi; Malta 339, f. 53v –54: ipsius. 10  Sic? Malta 339, f. 53v –54: omnibus.

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Nos igitur ipsius supplicationi11 annuentes tanquam rationi consonanti et merito, cum in causis piis sit subveniendum et predicta maxime catholicorum et rei publice utilitatem decernunt, ex nostra certa scientia ac nostro mero officio ad predicta implenda et ad finem debitum cum effectu deducenda unacum consensu nobilis viri domini Dragononis Clavelli, prefati reverendissimi domini magistri generalis procuratoris, eidem fratri Iohanni12 licenciam impartimur. In cuius rei testimonium et certitudinem pleniorem has presentes nostras patentes litteras, sigillo nostro propriis armis sculpto quo utimur in cera viridi appensione corroboratas et prefati domini Nizarensis13 generalis procuratoris manuali subscriptione approbatas, dicto fratri Iohanni ad cauthelam premissorum fieri fecimus et concessimus ne14 quis de premissis imposterum ignorantiam pretendere valeat aliqualem. Data in nostro Rodi conventu die sexta mensis Iunii anno a Nativitate Domini mo iiiic decimo. [190] Paris, 2 September 1410. The Master grants for life at the accustomed census to Emanuel Albengo, civis and habitator of Rhodes, contiguous houses, a garden and a vineyard in the contrata of Bangi in the Castellany of Rhodes; the properties, which have devolved to the Master and Convent on the death of Fr. Mathieu de Saint George, are situated between the sea and the road from Rhodes to Parambolino and are close to the church of the Forty Martyrs. [Malta 336, f. 235 (232)]. Frater Philibertus etc. dilecto nobis in Christo Emanueli Albengo civi et habitatori nostro Rodi salutem in Domino sempiternam. Quia ex premio fides crescit et remunerata servicia ad obsequendum ferventius solicitant servitores non indigne fidelia et accepta vestra obsequia premiatione prosequimur graciosa per vos nobis et nostre impensa religioni. Igitur quasdam domos, iardinum et vineam adinvicem contiguas, sitas et existentes in contrata de Bangi1 in castellania nostra Rodi prope ecclesiam Quadraginta Marturi,2 adherentes vie publice qua itur de Rodo apud Parembolin a parte anteriori, et lictori maris a parte posteriori, cum aliis suis confinibus, ingressibus et egressibus, iuribus et pertinentiis quibuscunque, prout ipsas domus nostre frater Matheus de Sancto Georgio tempore quo vivebat habuit, tenuit et possedit et per ipsius obitum ad nos et ad nostram dispositionem rationabiliter devolutas, ad vitam vestram de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia sub annuo canone sive censu debito et solvi consueto nobis seu a nobis deputatis reddendo et solvendo statuto termino vobis concedimus et donamus. Mandantes et tenore presentium precipientes sub virtute sancte obedientie universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre,

11 Confirmation: supplicationi ipsius supplicantis. 12 Confirmation: Iohanni tenore presentium added. 13 Confirmation: Niseriensis; the lord of Nisyros was Dragonetto Clavelli. 14 Ms: de.  1 Or Baugi; apparently the Panghi in [111] and Baugy in [149].  2 Or Martirum.

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quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris ne contra presentem nostram donationem et gratiam aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo illam servent. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Par(isius) in domo nostra Templi die secunda mensis Septembris anno Incarnationis Domini mo cccco xo. [191] Rhodes, 3 February 1411. Fr. Domenico de Alamania, Commander of Sancto Stefano di Monopoli and Lieutenant of the Master, and the Council condemn for their crimes Fr. Guido de Borges, Fr. Guichard de Varenne and Fr. Jean de Clusel, who are to be imprisoned in the castle of Lindos, and Fr. Jean de Montaigu, who is to be imprisoned in the castle of Feraklos; Fr. Galiotto de Calian, Castellan of Lindos, and Fr. Guillermus, Castellan of Feraklos, are to guard them until instructed otherwise. [Malta 339, f. 212v –213 (246v –247)]. Anno a Nativitate Domini mo iiiic xo die tercia Februarii celebratum fuit consilium per reverendum patrem et dominum fratrem Dominicum de Alamania, locumtenentem reverendissimi in Christo patris domini et domini fratris Philiberti de Nalhaco sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani dignissimi magistri,1 et per bailivos et proceres dicti conventus in camera quadam, videlicet in qua solet consilium congregari, domus prefati domini locumtenentis in quo consilio interfuerunt: Frater Ludovicus Vanhoni admiratus lingue Ytalie Frater Petrus de Galbertis preceptor Arlatensis, Frater Bertrandus Alpaioni2 preceptor Selve, Frater Stolonus d’Escura preceptor Capelle, lingue Provincie Frater Petrus de Manze locumtenens marescalli, Frater Iohannes de Cameriis preceptor de la Morea, lingue Alvernie Frater Gracianus de Mesans prior Cathalonie, Frater Egidius de Lione3 preceptor Nigripontis, lingue Spanie Frater Hes4 preceptor Langonensis, Frater Arnaldus de Har5 lingue Alamanie Frater Thomas Hauton6 locumtenens tricopolerii, lingue Anglie Fra[ter] Iohannes Leviste magister scutifer7 Frater Nicola Seguini preceptor Guichie8 et locumtenens hospitelerii Frater Ludovicus de Mal Regart, lingue Francie In quoquidem consilio post multa discutione per dictum dominum locumtenentem et dominos fratres supradictos fuit deliberatum, consultum, determinatum et ordinatum in infrascriptis in hunc modum: 1 Ms: dignissimo magistro. 2  Fr. Bertrand Arpaione. 3  Fr. Gil de Lihori, Commander of Negroponte. 4  Fr. Hesso Schlegelholz, Commander of Kos. 5 Or Ow. 6  Or Wotton. 7 Ms: Frater – scutifer added in the margin. 8 Guarche.

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Nos frater Dominicus de Alamanie9 etc., sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani preceptor Sancti Stephani prope Monopolim locumtenens reverendissimi in Christo patris domini et domini fratris Philiberti de Nalhaco eiusdem sacre domus dignissimi magistri et pauperum Christi custodis, et consilium baylivorum et procerum predictorum dominorum fratrum nostri conventus, cum multorum relationibus nostris inchomis auribus atque probabiliter cumperimus et in nostra audientia probabiliter apparuit et cognitum fuit fratrem Guidonem de Borges, fratrem Guichardum de Varenes, fratrem Iohannem de Clusel lingue Francie [et] fratrem Iohannem de Monte Aguto lingue Alvernie predicte domus enormes excessus in conventu Rodi contra stabilimenta et consuetudines nostre religionis perpetrasse, videlicet per altercationes,10 iniquas machinationes, percutiones inter ipsos hinc inde habitas. Semper vigilantes circa comodum statum nostri conventus et in corigendis11 excessibus delinquentium ne delicta remaneant incorrecta et ne ceteri talia vel similia valeant acentare, habita in predictis plena deliberatione ac etiam discutione secundum et iuxta stabilimenta, mores seu consuetudines nostre religionis, dictos fratres, videlicet fratrem Guidonem de Borges, fratrem Guichardum de Varenas, fratrem Iohannem de Clusel et fratrem Iohannem de Monte Aguto, habito adinvicem deliberato consilio nemine discrepante, repulcimus in predictis delictis, reg[r]essimus et pro regrecis et repulcis habere voluimus et ordinavimus. Mandantes, ordinantes et terminantes et districte precipientes dictos fratrem Guidonem de Borges, fratrem Guichardum de Varenes et fratrem Iohannem de Clusel ire debere ad castrum Lindi insule Rodi et ibi in dicto castro detentos fore et stare usque ad mandatum et placitum reverendissimi domini nostri magistri seu nostrorum locumtenentis et consilii, et dictum fratrem Iohannem de Monte Aguto ire debere ad castrum Fereclou ac ibi manere detentum usque ad prefatum mandatum, precipientes eisdem fratribus predictis atque districte mandantes quod sub virtute sancte obedientie debeant ivisse et accessise ad dicta castra infra sex dies et ibi detentos12 stare in dictis castris usque ad prefatorum reverendissimi domini nostri magistri et nostrorum placitum vel mandatum, atque litteras infrascripti tenoris cuilibet ipsorum dictorum fratrum tradendas dirigendas castellanis Lindu13 et Fereclou dictis castellanis similiter debeant presentasse. Quarum litterarum tenor talis est: Religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Galeoto de Calian castellano castri Lindi detur: Frater Dominicus de Alamania sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani locumtenens reverendissimi in Christo patris domini et domini  9 Sic. 10 Ms: altrecationes. 11 Ms: congengdis. 12 Ms: detantos. 13  Sic.

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fratris Philiberti de Nalhaco eiusdem sacre domus dignissimi magistri et pauperum Christi custodis et consilium baylivorum et procerum dicte domus in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Galioto de Calian castellano Lindi salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Cum propter excessum enormem fratris Guidonis de Borges per eum perpetratum contra stabilimenta et mores religionis nostre secundum eadem stabilimenta deliberato consilio ipsum fratrem Guidonem repulcimus et reg[r]esimus atque in castro Lindi detentum stare ordinavimus atque decrevimus, ideo tenore presentium vobis imponimus et sub virtute sancte obedientie districte precipimus et mandamus quatenus dictum fratrem Guidonem latorem presentium in dicto castro Lindi detineatis, custodiatis et arestetis, ita et taliter quod dictum castrum non exceat14 usque ad mandatum reverendissimi domini nostri magistri vel nostrorum locumtenentis [et] consilii, ortantes vos ut diligenter et curiose in mandatis nostris circa custodiam et detentionem predicti fratris vobis habeatis ne, si secus faceretis quod non credimus, oriretur occasio vel materia contra vos procedendi ex inobedientie macula vel continua necgligentia quod tunc procederetur rigorose. Data Rodi anno a Nativitate Domini mo iiiic xo et die iiia mensis Februarii.15 [192] Rhodes, 9 June 1412. Fr. Luce de Vallins, [Lieutenant of the Master], and the Convent grant for ten years the Commandery of Rheinfelden in the Priory of Alamania to Fr. Johann von Muntzingen, chaplain and prior of Filerimos, the commandery being vacant through the death of Fr. Johann zu Rhein, Prior of Alamania.1 [Malta 339, f. 133 (158). In margin pro priori Philerim’]. Frater Lucius de Vallinis etc. et nos conventus Rodi domus eiusdem r­ eligioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Iohanni de Muntzingen cappellano priori Philerme eiusdem domus prioratus nostri Alamanie salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Religionis decor, morum honestas et alia virtutum dona quibus vos carismatis gratia insignivit ad impartiendum vobis nostri favoris gratiam rationabiliter nos moventes, sperantes quod in comisso vobis regimine effectus administrationis utilis favente Domino vos comendet. Hinc est quod preceptoriam de Rivelden dicti prioratus presentialiter per obitum condam fratris Iohannis de Rim dudum dicti prioratus nostri Alamanie prioris vacantem et ad nostram dispositionem et ordinationem ac collationem propterea rationabiliter devolutam cum omnibus et singulis membris, iuribus et pertinentiis ad eam spectantibus et pertinentibus ac spectare et pertinere debentibus quoquomodo, et cum quibus illam habuit, tenuit et possedit dictus condam frater Iohannes prior, habendam, tenendam, regendam, gubernandam, augmentandam et

14  Sic. 15 At f. 213–213v (247–247v) are similar letters to Fr. Galiotto de Calian, Castellan of Lindos, and Fr Guillermus, Castellan of Feraklos, concerning Fr. Guichard de Varenne and Fr. Jean de Montaigu.   1 On 15 October 1413 the Master’s Lieutenant licensed Fr. Johann von Muntzingen, still prior at Filerimos, to leave the Convent to govern his commandery: Malta 339, f. 182v (216v).

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meliorandam etc., invicem deliberato consilio de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia ad annos decem incipiendos in festo Nativitatis Sancti Iohannis Baptiste proximo et extunc continuo et integre secutos vobis auctoritate presentium benefaciendo in eadem conferimus, concedimus et donamus vosque preceptorem et commendatorem in dicta constituimus baiulia hac serie et eciam ordinamus. Committentes vobis fiducialiter circa curam etc. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque etc., necnon universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, sororibus et donatis etc. ac priori seu presidenti prefato ut vos vel procuratorem vestrum in etc. amoto abinde quolibet alio detentore, si quis sit, quem nos etc. Inhibentes vobis districtius sub virtute sancte obedientie supradicte ne etc. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra cerea qua utimur ob defectum bulle communis plumbee dicti nostri conventus presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi in prefato nostro conventu die nona mensis Iunii anno a Nativitate Domini mo iiiic duodecimo. [193] Rhodes, 11 December 1413. Fr. Luce de Vallins, Marshal and Lieutenant Master, and the Council instruct the Castellan of Kattavia that they are sending the former Admiral, Fr. Lodovico Vagnone, with Fr. Jean Dangeroux of the langue of France and a servant, to be imprisoned within the castle of Kattavia and its circuit. [Malta, 339, f. 249 (283)]. Treschier en Dieu religieux et grant amy salut en Dieu. Pour aucunes causes que nous et nostre conseil esmouvent maturement avons delibere et decerne que frere Loys Vaygnon1 admiral qui fu du nostre convent de Roddes soyt tenu et enclus et repudie en nostre chastel de Cattevie, le quel nous vous donon en bone custode et en garde, et si mandeme en sa compangnie frere Johan Dangeroux de la langue de France et un servitour pour son servige, et que il soy porveu de sa necessaire de vivre honorablement et competentement pour lesdits freres Loys et Johan et son serviteur, et ce sera jucques ala venire de nostre souzerain tres reverent seigneur monsieur le meistre ou jucques que nous avons autre comandement de luy et vous de nous. Et de sa custode nous vous comandon strictement que fur de castel et son circuist2 non puisse aller laings sans vostre compangnie et dudit frere Johan et retornes a les hores debites, et de zo nous vous mandons que soyt provedu par vous diligentement en vertu de sancte obedience et autrement non. Escript a Rodes le xi jour de Decembre lan m iiiic xiii. Frere Luce de Valliins humble malescal du convent de Rodes et lieutenant de nostre seigneur monsieur le meistre et les autres baillifs, prieurs et proudom[m]es dudit convent.

1  Fr. Lodovico was accused of adultery in 1411: Malta 339, f. 229v –230 (263v –264). 2  Gerola, 354, reported the remains of the ‘antico castello’ and the foundations of a tower on the edge of the village.

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A nostre treschier et bien ame frere religieux et grant amy frere .. castellain de nostre chastel de Cathavie. [194] Rhodes, 17 March 1414. Fr. Luce de Vallins, Marshal and Lieutenant Master, acting with the consent of Dragonetto Clavelli, lord of Nisyros and Lardos and procurator of the Master, appoints as rectors of the church of Saint Erini in the casale of Parambolino the papates Migali Calotetos and Esdoquinias for the life of each of them. [Malta 339, f. 114v –115 (124v –125). In margin pro papatibus]. Frater Lucius de Vallinis, sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Ioh[annis] humilis marescalus et locumtenens reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini domini fratris Philiberti de Naylhaco Dei gratia eiusdem sacre domus magistri dignissimi et pauperum Christi custodis, dilectis nostris papatibus Migali Caloteto ac Esdoquinias salutem in Domino. Probitatis et morum merita super quibus apud nos fidedignorum comendamini1 testimonio nos inducunt ut personas vestras nostris favore et gratia prosequamur. Hinc est quod ecclesiam Sancte Erini casalis nostri de Parambolino cum omnibus suis2 membris, iuribus, actionibus, pertinentiis, oblationibus, vigiliis et emolumentis ad eas spectantibus et pertinentibus ac spectare et pertinere debentibus quoquomodo et cum quibus illam habuerunt, tenuerunt et possiderunt alii papates tui3 predecessores, ad habendam, tenendam, regendam, gubernandam et celebrandam tibi4 de et cum consensu magnifici viri Dragononi Clavelli domini insule Nyzariensis et de Lardo ac procuratoris et5 procuratorio nomine prefati reverendissimi domini nostri magistri de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia tenore presentium ad cuiuslibet vestrum vitam conferimus, concedimus et donamus teque6 rectorem et gubernatorem7 dicte ecclesie cum consensu prefati procuratoris constituimus hac serie et eciam ordinamus. Comittentes tibi8 fiducialiter circa curam, regimen et administrationem dicte ecclesie9 ac bonorum et iurium eius10 defensionem. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel conditionis existant, ac aliis personis quibuscunque nobis subditis ne contra presentem nostram donationem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo eam iuxta mentem eius et seriem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra cerea qua utimur presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi in nostro conventu die xviia mensis Marcii anno a Nativitate Domini mo iiiic tredecimo.  1 Ms: cemendamini.  2 Ms: earum added after suis in superscript; this and other changes seem inexplicable.  3 Ms: vestri before correction.  4 Ms: vobis before correction.  5 Ms: et repeated.  6 Ms: vosque before correction.  7 Ms: rectores et gubernatores before correction.  8 Ms: vobis before correction.  9 Ms: dictarum ecclesiarum after correction. 10 Ms: earum after correction.

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[195] Rhodes, 24 March 1414. Fr. Luce de Vallins, Marshal and Lieutenant Master, accepts a supplication of 17 March 1414 from Fr. Pierre de la Pausedieu, Commander of Albas in the Priory of Saint Gilles and Castellan of Afandou on Rhodes, allowing him to found and build a hospice at Afandou dedicated to the Holy Trinity, in which the poor of any nation travelling past may be sheltered; furthermore Fr. Pierre may endow in the Conventual church in the chapel of Saint Eufemia near the sacristy three masses a week in honour of the Holy Trinity, of the Virgin, and of God, and for the redemption of all the members and benefactors of the Hospital; and he may maintain a burning lamp in the hospice at Afandou. He gives for these endowments four magazens worth 30 florins a year in the borgo of Rhodes between the ‘Marine Gate’ near the [house of] the commerchium and the ‘Castle Gate’, and 100 goats at Afandou producing 10 florins a year for a chaplain to sing the three masses in the chapel and once a year to sing six masses in the hospice at Afandou; on Fr. Pierre’s death the endowment is to be managed by the Prior of the Convent and the pilier of the langue of Saint Gilles who are to appoint as chaplain by preference a kinsman of Fr. Pierre. [Malta 339, f. 63v –64v (72v –73v): ed. Luttrell (2007), XXIV 118–19, and Roger (2010), 98–100, both with minor variations; later copy in Malta 53, f. 41–42v (20–21v), with variant spellings. In margin fundatio hospitalis et missarum]. Frater Lucius de Vallinis, sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani humilis marescallus et locumtenens reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini domini fratris Philiberti de Naylhaco Dei gracia eiusdem sacre domus magistri dignissimi et pauperum Christi custodis, et nos conventus Rodi domus eiusdem religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Petro Pausedieu, eiusdem domus preceptori d’Albas prioratus nostri Sancti Egidii et castellano d’Allefende insule nostre Rodi, salutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Exigit regimen et potestas officii cuiuscunque ut iuste petentibus non denegetur assensus. Sane cum nuperrime die Veneris intitulata decima septima die presentis mensis Marcii in nostra publica audiencia quedam supplicatio in vulgari sermone scripta pro parte vestra nobis extitit porrecta, cuiusquidem supplicationis tenor de verbo ad verbum sequitur et est talis: A nostre reverent et souverain seigneur monseigneur frere frere Luces de Vallinis lieutenent treshonnerable de monseigneur le maistre et son honnerable conseil. Signifie benignement vostre benigne et humble serviteur frere Pere de la Pausedieu commandeur d’Albas de vostre priore de Saint Gille et chastellain d’Allefende en Rodes que, comme pour acquerir le certain heritage et l’incertain voulant habandonner, ayant memoire de la fin et que il n’est rien plus certain ne plus incertain de l’eure qu’il fault paier le default de nature, ait pour ce fonde et fait bastir audit lieu d’Alfende ung hospital en l’onneur et reverence de la Sainte Trinite ou quel toutes povres creatures de quelque nation qu’elles soyent trespassans le chemin de nuyt et de jour puicent et doyent estre receus, recuellis et herbergiers.1 Item plus ait ledit frere Piere ordonnees et

1  Malta 53: hebergiers.

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fondees en l’esglise conventual de monseigneur Sainct Johan Baptiste et en la chapelle de Sainte Effemie prestz de la sacristie troys messes la septimeyne, c’est assavoir une messe de la Sainte Trinite, la segonde de Nostre Dame et la tierce en l’onneur de Dieu et pour la redemption de touz les freres, suers et donnez et de touz les biens faicteurs de la religion et pour ledit hospital maintenir, governer et sustenir et ausi pour les dictes iii messes continuelment celebrer en la dicte esglize conventual de monseigneur Sainct Johan Baptiste et en la maniere que dit est, et d’autre part pour chescune nuyt tenir on dit hospital une lampe ardant et pour le soustenement dudit hospital et d’une povre creature, la quelle soyt tenue de chescune nuyt alumer la dicte lampe ardent. Et pour le soustenement dessuz dit et [de]pence2 dudit hospital ait ledit frere Piere fondadeur volu et ordonne, veult et ordonne de present que quatre magazens situes et assis ou burcq de Roddes, c’est assavoir entre la porte de la marine les le comercq et la3 porte du chastel,4 soyent deputes et assignes pour ung chappellain, le quel soyt tenuz de chescune sepmaine dire les iii messes devisees en la chapelle de Sainte Eufemie devant dite, et en oultre ce ledit chappelain soit tenuz et obligie d’aler chascun an chanter seix messes audit hospital d’Alfande. Item d’abondant et pour les choses davant dites maintenir et pour la soustentacion dudit hospital et pour le chappellain a ledit chastelain d’Alfande donnee et laissee de present une mandre de cent kaps de kavres estans audit lieu d’Alfande, lesquels magasins l’un an portant l’autre et selon comun cours porront et peuent valoir trente florins de rente, reserve la bone grace que Dieu porroyt mander et la dicte mandre par consequent selon rayson valoir porra deix florins chascun an, le fort portant le feble, ainsi sont en somme quarente florins pour la fondation dessus dite, sur les quels xl florins veult et ordonne ledit frere Piere fondadeur que premierement et avant toute euvre, se par aventure les rentes venoyent a mains quoy que ce soyt du plus que ledit chappelain soyt tenu et obligie de sustenir, governer et maintenir l’ospital en toute sa necessite et en la maniere dessuz desclaree, et le residu soit du chappelain soit plus soit mains,5 le quel chapelain prie et requiert ledit frere Piere fundadeur que apres sa fin soit mis et ordonne par monseigneur le prieur de l’esglise et par le pilier de la langue de Saint Giele, les quels toutes voies soyent tenuz de pourvoir et ordonner de chappelain, le quel a maintenir, governer et sustenir ledit hospital et celebrer les iii messes devant dites soyt en leur conciense necessaire et convegnable, et se par aventure au convent se trouvoyt du lignage dudit fondadeur que les dessuz diz monseigneur le prieur de l’esglize et pillier de Saint Gille devoyent doner a celuy et a nul autre et que 2 Or [de]penser; Malta 53 and 339 as penser and Roger as penses. 3 Ms: du; Malta 53 la. 4 The ‘Marine Gate’ near the commerchium was presumably just north-west of the latter; the ‘Castle Gate’ was either the gate at the east end of the Collachium wall or the gate in the middle of that wall: Luttrell (2003), 32, 121, 255, 257, 269–71, fig. 13; Manoussou-Della (2013), figs. 8.3 and 8.5, with alternative names. 5  Sic.

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ledit frere du lignage dudit fondadeur le chevissement de la dicte chapelle doyt aver sanz empeschement de nulle personne, retenu toutes foys et apres toutes chouses que toutes les parties dessus desclare[e]s soyent de la bonne voulente, licence, auctorite et mandement especial de voz monseigneur le lieutenent et vostre honerable conseil, et par consequent que ledit frere Piere fondadeur luy vivant de la dicte chapelle puisse pourvoir a qui bon luy semblera, et cez choses voz requiert treshumblement ledit chastelain d’Alfande et que pour reverence de Dieu lez vueillies avoir fermes et agreable[s] en li octriant sur ce voz benignes bulles de grace especial et voz feres bien et ausmone. Nos vero huiusmodi supplicationis tenore bene intellecto volentes et cupientes edificia ecclesie, que totaliter redundant ad animarum salutem et ad nostre religionis honorem et augmentum, vobis invicem deliberato consilio de nostra certa scientia et speciali gracia tenore presencium concedimus et donamus plenariam facultatem, quemadmodum in supplicatione vestra continetur, attento vestre iuste devotionis fervore. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fungentibus, ne contra presentem nostram licentiam et graciam et contra contenta in dicta supplicatione aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo eam et contenta in eadem supplicatione studeant inviolabiliter observare, nec bona ipsius iamdicte capelle per vos dedicata vel dedicanda vel eius redditus sive fructus debeant intercipere vel quomodolibet occupare nec ad usus alios converti facere nisi ad illos tantum qui per vos fuerint ordinati, ita quod iuxta vestram provisionem vel ordinationem in hiis debeant omni futuro tempore et imperpetuum observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra cerea qua utimur ob defectum bulle communis plumbee dicti nostri conventus presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi in prefato nostro conventu die vigesimaquarta mensis Marcii anno a Nativitate Domini mo iiiio tredecimo. [196] Constance, 8 May 1415. The Master writes to the Castellan of the Castellany of Rhodes, the Bailiffs of Commerce and of Rhodes, the other castellans, the judges ordinary and of appeal, and other Rhodian judges and officials, complaining that he has heard that following the recent death of Dragonetto Clavelli they improperly exercized their offices so that the public good has suffered, many people have left the town and island, and outsiders have been frightened to import or prohibited from importing provisions; the island’s officials are to take counsel and to act to ensure that all inhabitants and outsiders receive justice. [Malta 338, f. 190v –191 (189v –190)]. Frater Philibertus de Nailhaco Dei gratia sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos religiosis in Christo nobis carissimis fratribus castellano castellanie Rodi, bailhivisque commercii et insule ac castellanis dilectisque nobis in Christo iudicibus appellacionum et ordinario Rodi, ceterisque iudicibus, officiariis et aliis ordinariis et delegatis quibuscumque ubilibet in insula nostra Rodi constitutis, quos huiusmodi negotium tangit, salutem in Domino et sincere dilectionis affectum. 272

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Inter sollicitudines alias mentis nostre studio inherentes illa quidem indefinenti meditacione animum nostrum pulsant, ut subditis nostris et domus nostre ubilibet constitutis ad laudis1 iustorum preconia vindictam vero malorum iusticia equa lance2 ut unicuique quod suum est gratis et libere tribuatur. Sane nuper et de novo fidedigna relatione percepto, quod displicenter refferimus, quod officia civitatis et insule predictarum regimini Dragononi Clavelli nuper vita functi nostri [ex] parte commissa minus debite bailhivi, castellani et officiales civitatis et insule predictarum exercuerunt a iusticie tramitibus sepius deviando. Propter que ipsarum civitatis et insule rei publice utilitas non modicum diminuta extitit et plures multis modis aggravati dictas civitatem et insulam relinquerunt ad alias partes fugiendo extraneique ad dictas civitatem et insulam venire ea, que ad victus humani necessitatem requiruntur, portare non solum veriti sed etiam prohibiti extiterunt in nostrum nostrique religionis preiudicium, dedecus, dampnum et vituperium ac infamie notam non modicam et iacturam. Verisimileque est peramplius utilitatem dicte rei publice diminui subditosque et incolas nostros plus aggravari et eis fugiendi materiam tribui ac non modica dampna nobis et religioni, eisdem subditis et incolis inde sequi, nisi super hoc celeriter et compendiose provisum extiterit. Ne igitur talentum nobis traditum negligenter abscondere videamur, utpote qui villicationis nostre racionem sumus in examine stricti iudicii reddituri, ad hoc dirigimus aciem mentis nostre, ut ad promovendum statum pacificum predictarum civitatis et insule provisionis nostre instantiam salubriter intendamus, vobis et vestrum singulis, prout quemlibet tangit et tangere potest et poterit in futurum, districtius quo possumus precipiendo mandamus quatinus circa predictorum recuperationem accommodam diligentius et celerius vigilantes inordinata ordinetis,3 indisposita disponatis, indirecta dirigatis, incolas et advenas cuiuscumque status, gradus vel conditionis existant pacifice, quiete et caritati[v]e pertractetis eisdemque et eorum singulis iusticiam equa lance,4 prout officiis vestris et vestrum cuilibet incumbit, ministrando maturo5 semper in omnibus habito consilio. Et omnia alia et singula fideliter et equaliter in recti iudicii statera conlibrantes, facientes et exequentes, quod Deo sit laus, nobis et religionis nostre honor, querelantibus subditis et incolis utilitas ipseque civitas et insula in antique felicitatis statum reduci et inantea felicius prosperari valeant et a nobis premium et apud homines laudis preconium merito assequi mereamini, alias indignationem nostram incursuri et iuxta gestorum et agendorum merita et demerita premium vel punicionem consecuturi. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Constancie die viiia mensis Maii anno Incarnationis Domini mo quadringentesimo decimo quinto. 1  Sic 2 Ms: equalence or egualente, perhaps meaning equitable. 3 Ms: inordinetis. 4 Ms: equalente. 5 Ms: matura.

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[197] Constance, 10 May 1415. The Master grants for life to the noble Nicolas Savari, lord of Fanes, some houses or stores in the borgo of Rhodes which he may maintain and repair; the houses adjoin the ‘houses of the commerchium’, the house of Pietro Lomelini appothecarius, walls enclosing the borgo and the street running from the castrum to the church of Saint Mary of the Borgo. [Malta 338, f. 230–230v (226–226v)]. Frater Philibertus etc. nobili viro Nicolao Savari domino de Fanes1 salutem in Domino et sincere dilectionis affectum. Quia ex premio fides crescit et remunerata servicia ad obsequendum fe[r]ventius sollicita[n]t servitores, non indigne vestra fidelia, grata et accepta servicia per vos diutius cis et ultra mare nobis nostreque religioni prestita et que speramus vos inantea prestiturum gratie specialis favore prosequimur. Igitur quasdam domos nostras sive2 potecas sitas in burgo nostro Rodi, contiguas domibus commercii dicti loci ex una, domuique Petri Lomelini appothecarii ex alia parte, et muris clausure dicti burgi a posteriori, a vico publiquo quo itur de3 castro nostro Rodi ad ecclesiam Beate Marie Burgi predicti ab interiori[bus] partibus, et aliis suis confinibus cum omnibus et singulis ingressibus, egressibus, iuribus et pertinentiis suis quibuscunque habendas, tenendas, regendas, gubernandas et possidendas fructusque, exitus, proventus et emolumenta omnia earundem per vos quamdiu vixeritis in humanis levanda, recuperanda, percipienda et habenda et ad usus vestros applicanda de nostra certa scientia et speciali gratia vobis auctoritate presentium conferimus, concedimus et donamus in eisdem benefaciendo et ipsis repparando ac in sufficienti statu manutenendo. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacunque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris sub virtute sancte obediencie precipiendo mandamus ne contra presentem nostram donationem aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo eam studeant iuxta eius mentem et seriem inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Constancie die decima mensis Maii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quadringesimo decimo quinto. [198] On the island of Rhodes, 20 January 1421. [The Master] licenses Fr. Giorgio de Montefia, Commander of Corleone in the Priory of Messina, to leave the Convent. [Malta 345, f. 176v (174v)]. Item die vicesima Ianuarii in insula Rodi data fuit licentia fratri Georgio de Montefia preceptori de Corvillione prioratus Messane recedendi de conventu et se transferendi ad dictam preceptoriam et deinde redeundi, prius requisita [a] suo superiori licentia etc. mmo ccccmo xxo.

1  Savari was addressed as lord of Fanes at Constance on 8 May 1417: Malta 341, f. 160v –161 (–). 2  sive repeated. 3  de repeated.

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[199] Kattavia, 25 [ January 1421]. [The Master] licenses Fr. Antonio de Remocurto [of the Priory of Messina], Commander of Randazzo, to travel to his commandery. [Malta 345, f. 176v (174v)]. Item xxvta predicti mensis in Catavia data fuit licentia fratri Anthonio de Remocurto dicti prioratus recedendi et eundi ad suam preceptoriam de Randazo et deinde redeundi ad conventum, a suo superiore prius requisita licentia etc. [200] Villanova, 30 January 1421. [The Master] licenses Fr. Juan de Heredia, Commander of Catania, Siracusa, Leuci and Paternò in the Priory of Messina, to rent his commanderies for three years. [Malta 345, f. 176v (174v)]. Die penultima mensis Ianuarii in Villanova anno Incarnationis Domini mmo ccccmo xxo data fuit licentia fratri Iohanni d’Eredia preceptori de Catania, de Sarragossa, de Leuci1 et de Paterno prioratus Messane arrendandi dictas preceptorias ad annos tres incipiendo[s] ad festum Beati Iohannis Baptiste proximo futuro[s], solutis tamen primitus etc. non obstante2 alia licentia in Ancona per dominum data quam nullius reputat esse valoris. [201] Rhodes, 7 June 1421. Fr. Gautier Grasse, decretorum doctor, Prior of the Convent and Lieutenant in the Magistracy, and the Convent, seeing that recently the late Master Fr. Philibert de Naillac granted for life to Fr. Antoine de Saint Armand, Commander of Montcalm and Charbonnier, a vineyard in the contrata of Alupus and that the late Master died before issuing letters of donation, confirm the donation. [Malta 346, f. 162 (162); the text is extremely faint]. Frater Galterius Crassi decretorum doctor prior ecclesie Sancti Iohannis de Collacu Rodi conventus ac locuntenens humilis magisterii nuper vacantis sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani et nos conventus Rodi domus eiusdem universis et singulis fratribus nostre religionis cuiuscunque status preheminentie existant ad quos nostre patentes littere pervenerint salutem et sincere dilectionis [affectum]. Tenore presentium duximus vobis fore notificandum quod reverendissimus in Christo pater et dominus frater Philibertus de Nailhaco nuper magister Hospitalis prefati [dum] vitam agebat in humanis vineam nostram situatam in contracta Alupus1 donaverit et ad vitam concesserit religioso in Christo nobis carissimo fratri Anthonio de Sancto Armando preceptori de Montchalm et Charbonnier nostri prioratus Alvernie, et antequam bulla sive littera dicte donationis et concessionis predicto fratri Anthonio fieret prefatus reverendissimus dominus magister dies suos clausit extremos. 1  Sic: possibly Le[nt]i for Lentini. 2 Ms: abstante. 1 Ms: a lupus. A vineyard de Alopos was in the contrata of Rhodini in 1446 while an adjacent vineyard was in the contrata of Trianda: Malta 352, f. 140–140v (139–139v).

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Nos igitur prefatus prior et locuntenens ac conventus Rodi volentes ipsius olim domini magistri ob ipsius reverenciam et amorem et vestris etiam fratris Anthonii meritis ac2 virtutibus laudabilibus intervenientibus, quibus polletis assidue, ac servitiorum vestrorum intuitu que a longis temporibus citra nobis et nostre religioni impigre impendere non cessastis, prenominatam vineam cum omnibus suis iuribus et pertinentiis universis ad eam predictam vineam spectantibus et pertinentibus confirmamus et etiam eius donationem ratificamus et ad maiorem3 vestri fratris Anthonii firmitatem de novo concedimus, conferimus et donamus donec vitam duxeritis in humanis, et quod de ipsius vinee fructibus et redditibus disponere et ordinare prout vobis placuerit dicto tempore vite vestre durante volumus et mandamus. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre sub virtute sancte obedientie districte precipiendo ne contra presentem donationem nostram, concessionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo eam studeant iuxta eius mentem et seriem dicto tempore durante etc. Inhibentes etc. In cuius etc. Data Rodi in nostro conventu die viia mensis Iunii anno Incarnationis Domini mo iiiio xxio. [202] Rhodes, 23 June 1421. Fr. Gautier Grasse, decretorum doctor, Prior of the Convent and Lieutenant in the vacant Magistracy, and the Convent confirm the endowment by the recently deceased Master Fr. Philibert de Nailhac of five capelanie in the churches of Saint Mary at Filerimos and at Saint Anthony with an apotecha in the platea of Rhodes with an upper room once belonging to the late Stilianos, bordered to the east by the houses of Henricus de Rosieres vicecomes, to the west by the apotecha of Nicolay de Leone, to the north and south by public ways; with the lobia or residence of Dragonetto Clavelli with upper dwellings and with magasena beneath, bordered to the east by the houses belonging to Saint Katharine, and on another side by public ways; with two apothece once of Johannes Paschalis, bordered to the east by the apotecha of magister Anthonius Cabaterius, to the west by the apotecha purchased by Johannes Carmentini from the late Master, and on the other sides by public ways; with the magna volta once of Jannotus Ettelie, bounded to the north by the harbour waters, to the west by the office of weights, to the east by the magasena of domini Johannes and Nicholas Savari, and to the south by the apotheca of the Bailiff of Commerce which faces the public way of the main square; with two mills once belonging to Clavelli, the eighth and ninth on the main mole towards Saint Katharine; with the iardinum once of Despina bounded to the south by the iardinum of Nicholay de Prato and on other sides by public ways; the large and small iardina of Nicholay de Prato, bounded to the north by the iardinum of Despina and on its other sides by public ways; with the apotecha once of Lancemari on the platea next to the masters of the wine barrels, bounded to the north by the city wall by the gate, to the east by the house of the commerchium; and with the apotecha held on lease by Theodorus Mauro beneath the chamber of the house of

2 Ms: et ac. 3 Ms: maioris.

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the commerchium, to one side of which are the steps of the commerchium. The five chaplains, who are to celebrate masses for the remission of the Master’s sins, are to be chosen by the Prior of the Convent. [Malta 352, f. 196v (192v)]. Frater Galterius Crassi decretorum doctor prior1 ec[c]lesie Sancti Iohannis de Colacu Rhodi conventus2 ac locuntenens humilis magisterii nuper vacantis sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani et nos conventus Rhodi domus eiusdem universis presentibus et futuris, cuiusconque gradus et preeminentia existant, ad quos presentes nostre litere pervenerint salutem et sincere dilectionis affectum. Quod3 laudabili et provida ordinatione reverendissimi domini fratris Philiberti de Naylhaco magistri Hospitalis sacre domus Sancti Iohannis Iherusalem nuper defuncti ordinatum exstitit, nos decet favoribus prosequi edificatem operam adhibere circa observationem eiusdem4 pro sue anime refregerio, videlicet aliquas capelanias ordinandas5 atque6 reditibus suficientibus dotatas, quinque videlicet numero, in ec[c]lesiis Sancte Marie Philermi et Beati Antonii7 quarum redituum valeant quinque fratres capellani eorum vitam sustentare, et ex possesionibus sequentibus quorum nomina et confines hic discribuntur reditus valeant percipere. Primo namque ex apotecha cum camera superiori condam Stiliano situata super platea Rhodi cuius confine[s] sunt hec, a parte levantis sunt domus Henrici de Rosieres8 vicecomitis, a parte vero ponentis est apotecha Nicolay de Lyon, a parte vero tramontane vie publice, et similiter versus meridiem. Item ex [l]obia olim domini Dragononis Clavelli cum domibus altis et magazenis inferioribus, cumfrontatis versus partes levantis cum domibus Sancte Katerine,9 ab alia vero parte cum viis publicis. Item ex duabus apotecis que fuerunt Iohannis Paschalis, cumfrontatis ex una parte a parte levantis cum apotecha magistri Antonii Cabaterii, ex parte vero ponentis cum apotecha quam emit Iohannes Carmentini ab ipso olim domino magistro, ab alia10 vero parte sunt vie publice. Item ex magna volta que fuit Iannotti Ettelie cuius confine[s] sunt hec, ex parte tramontane est mare portus Rhodi, ab alia vero parte pondus comune civitatis versus ponentem, et alia vero parte versus levantem sunt magasena11 domini Iohannis et Nicolay Savarii, a parte vero meredieii est apotecha baylivi comerchii12 que respicit  1 Ms: priori.  2 Ms: conventis.  3 Ms: Que.  4 Ms: eorundem.  5 Ms: ordinando.  6 Ms: ad que.  7 Ms: Antoni.  8 Ms: Rosieves.  9 Probably the Hospice of Saint Katharine, though there was a Greek church of Saint Katharine: Archontopoulos (2010). 10 Ms: alie. 11 Ms: magnia. 12 Ms: comchachi.

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super itinere publice platee Rhodi. Item ex duobus molendinis qui fuerunt olim domini Dragononi, situatis in magno molo octavum et nonum versus Sanctam Katelinam. Item ex iardino quod fuit Despine cuius confines ex parte meridieii cum iardino Nicholay de Prato, ab aliis vero partibus sunt vie publice. Item ex iardinis magno et parvo Nicholay de Prato, cumfrontatis ex parte tramontane cum iardino Despine, ab aliis vero partibus sunt vie publice. Item ex apotecha que fuit de Lancemari situata super plateam apud magistros vegetum cuius confines ex parte tramontane sunt murus civitatis prope portam, ex parte vero levantis domus comerchii. Item ex apotecha quam tenet in affictu Theodorus Mauro situata sub camera13 domus comergii, ab alia vero parte sunt scalle dicti comergii.14 Ex quibus vero apotecis, molendinis, magazenis et iardinis supradictis ipsi vero quinque capellani debeant eorum vitam substentare et missas celebrare quolibet anno per in perpetuum prout ordinabitur ab ipso domino priore ec[c]lesie Sancti Iohannis de Colachu15 et suis successoribus pro remissione pecatorum olim vero domini magistri. Quorum sacerdotum electio et ordinatio debet spectare et pertinere ipsi domino priori16 et suis successoribus prout superius dictum est. Confirmantes igitur et ratum habentes omnia premissa que per dictum olim nostrum magistrum fuit provisum atque ordinatum, [p]recipiendo districtius17 omnibus fratribus nostre religionis quatenus premissa iusta eorum mentem et seriem perpetuis temporibus observare debeant. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra qua utimur in cera viridi18 magistratu vacante ob defectum bulle comunis plunbee presentibus est apenssa. Data Rhodi in nostro conventu die vigesima tercia mensis Iunii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quadrigentissimo vicessimo primo. [203] [Rhodes], 4 November [1421]. Petrus Gracie, son of Michaely Gracie, who killed Nicolaus the Syrian within the casale of Embonas with a staff, is licensed by [the Master], at the request of Jacobo de Pistoia papal collector to come to the island and city of Rhodes and live there or elsewhere in the Hospital’s lands. [Malta 346, f. 164 (–): ed. Tsirpanlis (1995), 220–1]. Die iiiior mensis Novembris anno ut supra, fuit facta gratia Petro Gracie filio Michaely Gracie ad requestam domini Iacoby de Pistorio collectori[s] sedis apostolice, qui interfecerat Nicolaum surianum in casaly de Embonna1 cum uno baculo, quod non obstante dicto2 [defectu] possit venire et habitare in

13 Ms: camara. 14 The camera, the steps and the apotecha of the commerchium survive: Manoussou-Della (2001), 231 (photo). 15 Ms: Colachii with Colagii crossed out. 16 Ms: priorii. 17 Ms: distructius. 18 Ms: virivi.   1 Tsirpanlis (1995), 221, wrongly has Embonia.   2  Idem (1995), 221, gives domino.

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insula et civitate nostra Rodi et aliis nostris terris. Mandantes omnibus officialibus etc. In cuius rey testimonium bulla nostra cerea fuit impressa. [204] Rhodes, 1 February 1422. The Master grants Nicholaus Belloch, burgensis, and his heirs, a mendra of sheep and goats; he will owe each year a decima or tenth of the kids and lambs. [Malta 346, f. 166v (–)]. Frater Anthonius Fluviani sacre domus Hospitalis Sancti Iohannis Iherosolimitani magister humilis et pauperum Christi custos dilecto in Christo Ser Nicolao Beluca burgensi nostro salutem et sincere dilectionis affectum. Vestre fidei puritas et grata servitia que nobis et nostre domui vestris temporibus impendistis ac impendere per vos speramus nec non zelus sincerus quibus nos cotidie procequimini vos et vestros honoribus et fructuosis graciis sublimare debemus. Propterea vobis et vestris heredibus legitimis ex vobis et vestris desendentibus tenendi et habendi mendram ovium et capprarum in nostra insula Rodi,1 solvendo annuatim solummodo nobis et dicte nostre domui decimam sive decatam fructuum, silicet edorum et agnorum mendre predicte spectantem, de nostra libera voluntate, certa scientia et speciali gratia licentiam, potestatem et auctoritatem concedimus, et de hac libertate vobis et vestris heredibus legitimis et a vobis descendentibus gratiam tenore presentium vobis facimus specialem. Quo circa universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, cuiuscunque gradus, status vel conditionis fuerint, presentibus et futuris districte in virtute sancte obedientie precipiendo mandamus ne contra nostram presentem licentie et libertatis concessionem et gratiam aliquatenus venire presumant, quinymo illam studeant iuxta eius mentem et seriem inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi in nostro conventu die prima mensis Februarii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimo primo.2 [205] Rhodes, 1 February 1422. With the consent of the brethren of the langue of England and of Fr. Gautier Grasse, Prior of the Conventual church, the Master and Convent grant in perpetuity to Fr. William Hulles, Prior of England, and his successors the lands and territoria of Mangavli which once belonged to the late Johannes Alfonsi, to Canton Belizon and to others, and which the late Master Fr. Juan Fernández de Heredia had used to endow a cappellania in the Conventual church. These properties, which include the vineyard at Megaliqui called Quipparici, are so ruined that they provide scarcely any income. Hulles and his successors are to pay 20 florins of Rhodes a year to support the cappellania, and are to rebuild and repair the lands, while the Master and

1 The grant of a flock with no mention of the place of the mendra may suggest that Nicholaus already held rural lands. 2 There follows the note: fuit predicta littera de novo concessa Anthonio Belluca ex parte domini magistri et conventus sub anno mo iiiico xxiiiito et die xiimi mensis Iulii.

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Treasury may not distrain slaves, animals or goods on the prior’s death. [Malta 346, f. 167v –168v (–)]. Frater Anthonius Fluviani Dei gratia etc. et nos conventus Rodi etc. Ad perpetuam rei memoriam. Inter solicitudines ali[a]s mentis nostre studio inherentes illa quidem indesinenti instantia animum nostrum pulsat ut possessionibus, vineis, territoriis ruinatis, devastatis et anichillatis que pro divino cultu nostros per predecessores fundata et instituta fuere de salubri celeriter remedio occurratur. Cum itaque dudum possessiones, domus,1 vinee et territoria de Mangavely2 que olim fuerunt quondam Iohannis Alfonsi, Cantonis Belizon3 et diversarum aliarum personarum cum suis iuribus et pertinentiis universis per quondam recolende memorie dominum fratrem Iohannem Ferdinandi de Heredia nostri magistri predecessorem premissarum celebratione et divino cultu extiterint felice[s] atque ordinate,4 ad totalem5 et omnimodam prothodolor presentialiter pervenerint ruinam, devastationem et anullationem ipsarum, que fructus et redditus in tantum attenuati et diminuti sunt quod pro derelicto habeantur ita et taliter quod vix aliquis fructus ex eis sequi in futurum speratur neque divinum officium ad quod dedicata fuere poterit celebrari neque in parte neque in toto. Nos vero cupientes indempnitati dictarum possessionum devastatarum et ruinatarum in quantum valemus providere ut divinus cultus in parte ad quem institute fuere valeat celebrari, habito prius diligenti consilio et matura deliberatione ad invicem, et exortati fuimus venerabilem et religiosum in Christo nobis carissimum fratrem Willelmum Hulles prioratus nostre Anglie priorem ut easdem possessiones cum suis iuribus et pertinentibus ad eius manus et successorum6 suorum et ipsas possessiones sub aliquo annuo censu solvendo cappellanie prefacte acceptare vellet et qui ad nostram multiplicem exhortationem easdem acceptavit cum consensu omnium fratrum7 lingue Anglie tunc in conventu existencium, unde nos tenore presencium deliberato consilio ex nostra certa scientia pro evidenti capellanie prefate utilitate de voluntate et consensu venerabilis fratris nostri Galteri Crassi decretorum doctoris prioris ecclesie nostre Sancti Iohannis Collaci Rodi dictam possessionem cum suis domibus, vineis, territoriis, campis cultis et incultis, iardinis et vastis, et cum vinea sua de Megaliqui8 appellata Quipparici, et cum omnibus aliis iuribus, emolumentis et pertinentiis suis ad ipsam possessionem quomodolibet, quocumque modo et qualitercumque spectantibus et pertinentibus ac spectare et pertinere debentibus ad habendum, tenendum, possidendum, 1 Ms: domuis. 2  Possibly including the luxury garden later held by the English at nearby Malpasso: O’Malley (2005), 284–5. 3 Ms: Cantours; Cantonis Belichon in [127]. 4  Fernández de Heredia established the cappellania in 1385 [127]. 5 Ms: totalam. 6 Ms: successores. 7 Ms: fratorum. 8  In 1428 a vineyard at Megaliqui was in the Castellany of Trianda [46 n. 1].

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usufruendum, augmentandum et meliorandum donamus, tradimus et per inperpetuum concedimus eidem priori et successoribus suis, solvendo tamen nichilominus quolibet anno cappellanie prelibate florenos Rodi currentes viginti, quorum florenorum solut[i]o debeat per ipsum priorem Anglie et suos successores in quolibet festo Sancti Martini annuatim per imperpetuum solvi, et prima solutio fieri debeat in proximo festo Sancti Martini post datum presentium. Et si, quod absit, ipsi predicti xx9 floreni non solventur in dicto festo prout extitit ordinatum sit licitum ipsi priori ecclesie et suis successoribus capere et levare de bonis a dicta possessione10 districtionem ad valorem11 ipsorum xx florenorum et non ultra et illam districtionem retinere usque ad x dies proxime sequentes, et si infra terminum dictorum x dierum ab ipso priore Anglie et suis successoribus non fuerint recuperata et liberata volumus quod predicta districtio possit12 vendi pro conservatione et sustentatione cappellanie prelibate prout superius fuit specificatum. Insuper ut dictus prior et sui successores in futurum sint promptiores et audaciores13 ad redifficandum, reparandum, aptandum et colendum ac meliorandum dictam possessionem, volumus et concedimus per imperpetuum quod sclavi, muli, equi, boves, asini et quecumque alia animalia cuiuscunque speciei extiterint, et superlectilia domus et omnia alia bona mobilia et inmobilia que per ipsum priorem et successores pro usu et sustentatione ipsius possessionis ordinata sunt in eadem tempore eorum obitus in dicta possessione ad usum prefatum debeant permanere in ipsa possessione et nullo modo ab eadem per nos neque per nostrum communem thesaurum amoveri. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre, quacumque auctoritate, dignitate vel officio fungentibus, presentibus et futuris sub virtute sancte obedientie ne contra presentem nostram concessionem, ordinationem et donationem ullo umquam tempore venire presumant, quinymo eam iuxta eius mentem et seriem studeant inviolabiliter observare. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rhodi in nostro conventu die prima mensis Februarii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimo primo. [206] Rhodes, 10 March 1422. The Master assures Leonardo Vitico, protos of the Castellany of Katagros, that in the monastery of Saint Michael of Camberidi, which Leonardus had built, the goods of monks dying there should, except for any plate or precious jewels which were to belong to the Master, remain in the monastery notwithstanding any custom to the contrary; monks dying in the monastery were to be buried there and on the day of burial the abbot or rector or his representative should notify the castellan or the omoti or elders and the protos of Katagros. [Malta 346, f. 167v (–); ed. Tsirpanlis (1995), 223–4].  9 Ms: ipso predicto ex. 10 Ms: dicto pocessionis. 11 Ms: valen’ for valentem? 12 Ms: possint. 13 Ms: auditores.

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Frater Anthonius Fluvian etc. dilecto in Christo nobis Leonardo Vitico1 protho nostre castellanie de Cathagro salutem et sincere dilectionis affectum. Tue devocionis exposcunt merita ut ad quecumque tibi grata et rationabilia descendamus ut inposterum ferventior efficiaris ad nobis et nostre religioni famulandum. Cum verum sit quod cum quodam monasterium cuius nomen nuncupatur Sanctus Michael de Camberidi2 in dicta nostra castellania per te fuerit edificatum pro salute anime tue et ipsum monasterium et callogeros ibidem existentes desideras effici liberos de bonis, rebus mobilibus et inmobilibus calogerorum ibi decedentium divino cultui famulancium, nos tui[s] precibus moti3 tenore presentium volumus, decernimus et mandamus de nostra certa scientia et gratia speciali, non obstante aliqua consuetudine4 in contrarium faciente, quod bona mobilia sive inmobilia ipsorum callogerorum morientium debeant esse et pertinere ipsi monasterio. Hoc tamen nichilominus reservato quod si aliqua quantitas argenti, auri, iocalium vel vaxalamenta preciosa post mortem ipsorum reperiantur in ipso monasterio debeant illa nobis et successoribus nostris pertinere non obstante gratia premissa. Et quod corpora ipsorum callogerorum ibidem morientium debeant in dicto monasterio sepeliri et post ecclesiasticam sepulturam eadem die per abbatem seu rectorem ipsius monasterii vel eius nuncium ipsius defuncti vel defunctorum callogerorum notificacio fieri debeat castellano prefate nostre castellanie vel motis et protho ipsius loci. Mandantes universis et singulis fratribus etc. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra est appensa. Data Rodi die xma mensis Marcii iiiic xxi. [207] Rhodes, 26 October 1422. The Master and Convent grant to Antonio, son of the late Ottoboni Cattaneo miles of Genoa, and the legitimate heirs of his body the casale of Salakos together with, in addition, the lands at Quironacia and Coraquies recently granted to Fr. Simon d’Ongle, excepting the territoria in that casale formerly granted to Petrus Ramundi de Simorra and now held by Henricus de Roserius, the Viscount of Rhodes, and by the heirs of Georgio de Leone, and excepting also the census they owe the Master. The casale is to be held in feudum nobile for 29 years, renewable for two further periods of 29 years, at 150 gold florins a year. The Hospital may cut and use the wood when the need arises; Antonio and his heirs may not alienate any part of the casale or construct any tower or fortalicium; they are to take an oath of fidelity of which the text is given; they may imprison or shave and beat their villani and homines but not inflict bloodshed on them; they may not alienate the serfs of the casale; the serfs of the casale may not marry serfs from outside it without permission from Antonio or his heirs. Beginning the description in the west, the boundaries of the casale run from the church of Saint George Acrotiriano, then to the stavri or allo stauri; then, turning away 1 Tsirpanlis: Critico. It is unclear whether Leonardo was protos of Katagros itself or of its whole castellany. 2 Tsirpanlis reads Cambeodi, but Camberidi is clear. The modern Moni Kameiri near Massari had a twelfth-century monastery of Kamyridi: Giakoumaki (2014). Katagros remains unlocated. In 1475 the casalia of Catagro and Camimari (Kameiri?) were in the Castellany of Feraklos: Sarnowsky (2001), 642–3. 3 Ms: motus. 4 Ms: constitutione before correction.

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from the direction of Mandriko and proceeding along the ridges of the hills (costa a costa) to the tip of the Cape of Saint Martin on the sea; then by rivers and streams (cum aquis pendentibus) towards Salakos; then begin the boundaries or confrontationes of Psiquidali, leading towards the terrenum of Neocorio; from Neocorio to Myrtonas to the terrenum granted to Georgio de Leone which was previously part of the territorium of Salakos; then begin the lands of Skulucu, and then running northwards across a costa or ridge running from west to east towards Salakos; and then to the montanea of Angria and from the montanea of Angria by a costa running towards Salakos cum aquis pendentibus from west to east as far as Bysichia; and from there to the territorium of Faneromeni bordering to the north the terrenum of Dyaskoros and to the south the terrenum of Petrus Ramundi; thence across the terrenum of Petrus Ramundi, that is the terrenum of Conopes; thence to the terrenum of Salakos called Stillos; thence to the borders of Dimilia in the terre of Copries and, cum aquis pendentibus, towards Salakos; thence facing the lands of Coraquies called Apano Methores cum aquis pendentibus, and then descending to the terrenum of Salakos; thence to Nictitari; thence to the ‘great mountain’ of Salakos (Profitis Ilias); thence to Platanos on the borders of Quinovati; thence to the riacum, channel or stream, of Saint George of Nictiridioti, and from that riacum on the borders of Salakos continuing across the costa, the ridge or slope, of the ‘great mountain’ as far as Saint George Acrotiriano. [Malta 346, f. 172–4 (–); ed. Tsirpanlis (1995), 225–31].1 Frater Anthonius etc. et nos etc. nobili et sapienti viro Anthonio Cathanei Ianuensi filio quondam Ottoboni militis salutem in Domino et sincere dilectionis affectum. Meruit vestre probitatis et fidelitatis sinceritas nostris favoribus provehi et obsequiosa devocio vos reddit ydoneum ad nostram benivolenciam obtinendam. Ut igitur fides vestra nostris experta serviciis et obsequiis comprobata de bono in melius semper augeatur,2 volentes vobis gratiam facere specialem et nostris muneribus condiciones status vestri favoribus prosequi graciosis, hinc est quod casale nostrum et dicte domus nostre de Sallaco vulgariter appellatum situm et positum intra insulam nostram Rodi cum omnibus et singulis servis casalis ipsius sexus utriusque intus et extra casale ipsum existentibus, et cum omnibus et singulis suis pertinenciis et iuribus, acquis, nemoribus, pascuis et maraxiis intra subscriptos confines comprehensis, et pariter cum terris de Quironacia3 et de Coraquies fratri Simoni de Ungula4 dudum datis, exceptis tamen de certa sciencia et gratia huiusmodi terris datis concessisque dudum in dicto casali in eius territorio Petro Ramondi de Simorra, que territoria nunc possident Henricus de Roserio vicecomes Rodi et heredes Georgii de Leone et illorum censsus quos nobis et nostris successoribus per dictos Henricum et heredes Georgii et Henrici et quoslibet eorum successores exhibendos perpetuo 1 The toponyms await detailed study. 2 Ms: augeantur. 3 Tsirpanlis: Qiuronacia. 4 Idem: Vugula.

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termino statuto de certa nostra sciencia retinemus et pariter reservamus, vobis vestrisque heredibus et successoribus sexus utriusque ex vestro corpore legitimo procreatis et procreandis et quibuscunque aliis eciam vestris successoribus quantumcunque extraneis, non eciam ex vestro corpore descendentibus, invicem deliberato consilio de certa nostra scientia et speciali gratia in remunerationem et recompensacionem vestrorum obsequiorum premissorum ad annos viginti novem a die date presentium continue computandos et a die qua huiusmodi viginti novem anni finient ad alios viginti novem annos extunc secuturos, et post a die qua secundario sequentes premissi viginti novem anni finient ad alios viginti novem annos extunc secuturos solum modo et dumtaxat pro dictis tribus terminis amplius non secuturos, de certa nostra sciencia et speciali gratia in feudum nobile afeudamus, tradimus, concedimus et donamus auctoritate presencium et laudamus habendum, tenendum et utifruendum5 et paciffice possidendum per vos vestrosque heredes et successores et per ab eis et eorum quolibet6 descendentes legitima copula maritali quantumcumque extranei fuerint a sanguine vestro heredes institute sub pactis et condicionibus infrascriptis. Primo videlicet quod pro quolibet anno annorum predictorum pro censu et nomine census prelibati casalis vos et vestri heredes et successores ab eis descendentes nobis et nostre domui florenos auri de Florencia boni et iusti ponderis centum quinquaginta vel eorum valorem in festo Sancte Marie mensis Augusti anno quolibet teneamini exhibere, et quod de lignaminibus prefati casalis et pertinenciarum ipsius ad usum et necessitatem nostram et nostre religionis possimus scindi et recepi facere et habere quotiens expediat et erit opportunum, quodque vos nec vestri heredes et successores nec ab eis dessendentes prefatum casale in toto nec in parte durante dicto termino octoginta septem annorum dare, vendere, impignorare, permutare, nec quovis alio titulo distrahere seu concedere communitati alicui vel persone potenti, nec cuiquam alteri quomodolibet in futurum possitis nec a vobis et a vestris heredibus et successoribus et ab ipsis descendentibus in personam vel personas aliam seu alias quam in vestris vel suis7 aliquatenus memoratum casale in toto vel in parte transferri non possit, nec in dicto casali vel in aliqua eius parte vos nec vestri heredes et successores et descendentes ab eisdem turrim aliquam aut fortilicium, nec quod similitudinem comprehendat fortitudinis non construetis8 nec construi facietis seu facient. Rursum quod vos et successores vestri et heredum vestrorum et successorum suorum vobis in dicto casali succedentes nobis et successoribus nostris et religionis nostre fideles vassali eritis et erunt, et nostri et successorum nostrorum et eiusdem religionis nostre fideliter procurabitis et promovebitis ac procurabunt et promovebunt toto posse ubicumque fueritis et erunt commoda et honores, et quod nobis dicto magistro et successoribus nostris vos et successores vestri in dicto feudo cum succedent prestare teneamini et teneantur 5 Idem: fovendum. 6 Ms: quilibet. 7 Tsirpanlis has sive rather than vel suis. 8 Tsirpanlis: conservetis.

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fidelitatis sacramentum. Preterea quod vos et vestri heredes et successores et ab eis descendentes villanos et homines utriusque sexus casalis prefati prout demeruerint possitis et possint condempnare et incarcerare et scindi facere pelles9 barbe et capitis et verberari facere citra tamen sanguinis effusionem tamen.10 Omnem autem aliam iusticiam et iuridictionem nobis et nostris successoribus et nostre religioni reservamus et retinemus, expressa preterea quod servos sexus utriusque predicti casalis aut eorum aliquem vos nec vestri heredes et successores et descendentes ab eis dare, vendere, permutare vel alias distrahere non possitis, nec dicti servi utriusque sexus aliorum nostrorum casalium viros seu uxores ducere sine vestra seu heredum vestorum atque successorum et ab eis descendencium licencia non debeant nec possint. Ceterum formam homagii11 et fidelitatis sacramentum per vos ac vice et nomine heredum et successorum vestrorum et ab eis descendencium nobis racione dicti feudi prefati presentibus inserri fecimus, que talis est: Ego Anthonius Cathanei Ianuensis pro me et meis heredibus et successoribus et ab ipsis dessendentibus et eorum quolibet promicto et iuro et hac sancta Dei evvangelia per me manibus tacta ex nunc vobis reverendissimo patri et domino magistro predicto et vestris12 successoribus canonice intrantibus et vestre sacre domui supradicte fidelem esse vassallum vosque et successores vestros et fratres, bona, res, iura et honores vestros, et successorum vestrorum et dicte sancte domus pro posse meo fideliter servare et pariter procurare et nullatenus machinare vel contractare per me vel alium aliquid quod in detrimentum, periculum sive dampnum personarum premissi vestri domini magistri et successorum vestrorum et fratrum aliorum dicte domus ac rerum, bonorum, iurium et honorum vestrorum dicteque domus verti posset. Quinymo si quit in contrarium contractari, machinari vel procurari senserim13 id quam velotius potero vobis dicto domino magistro et vestri successoribus indicare prometto, et quidquit sub fide et credencia me a vobis et a vestris successoribus commissum, iniunctum ve et impositum fuerit, secretum fideliter retinebo, necnon vestras et successorum vestrorum personas, res, iura et honores et domus predicte adversus quoscumque totis viribus meis deffendere et tueri, et generaliter puram et meram fidelitatem14 vobis et vestris successoribus dicteque sacre domui per omnia observare. Et nos predicti magister et conventus propterea in dicto feudo manutenere et servare vos et heredes et successores vestros et descendentes ab eisdem et eorum quolibet annis octoginta septem durantibus supradictis vobis et ipsis vestris heredibus et successoribus et descendentibus nostrorum et successorum nostrorum nomine in dicte domus nostre presentium serie pollicemur.  9 Ms: pellos. 10  Sic. 11 Ms: homagiis. 12 Tsirpanlis: eius. 13 Ibid.: senseo unde. 14 Ms: fidelitatis.

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Post cuius homagii et fidelitatis sacramenti prestacionem ut premittitur per vos quo supra nomine nobis factam in robur et efficaciorem cautelam donationis dicti feudi cum vireto seu baculo quam gestamus in manibus nos predictus magister vos quo supra nomine de dicto feudo investimus, pacis osculo interveniente, attendendo, faciendo et observando vos et vestri heredes, successores et ab eis descendentes pacta et premissa per vos superius expressata. Quocirca universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscunque status, gradus vel condicionis e[x]istant, sub virtute sancte obedientie districte mandantes precipimus ne contra predicta vel aliquid predictorum aliquatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo illa inconcusse et inviolabiliter studeant observare. Confines vero predicti casalis sunt hec: et primo incipiunt a parte ponentis, videlicet ecclesia Sancti Georgii Acrotiriano, orospont(es)15 allostauri16 detengente lo Mandrico,17 et de Lanstauri18 vadit costa a costa usque in finem capitis Sancti Martini ad marinam19 cum acquis pendentibus versus Sallacum, et ab hinc incipiunt confrontationes de Psiquidali tendentis ad terrenum de Niocorio,20 et de Niocorio vadit ad Mirtonam ad terrenum per domum nostram datum Georgio21 de Leone de territorio quod fuit de Salaco, et de dictis terris incipiunt terre de Squiluqui,22 et vadunt seu pretenduntur versus transmontaneam supra unam costam euntem de ponente ad levantem usque ad montaneam de l’Angria23 cum acquis pendentibus versus Sallacum, et de montanea d’Angria24 vadit per costam unam inter ponentem et levantem usque ad Sichia25 cum terris suis que sunt cum acquis pendentibus versus Salacum. Rursum est unum territorium appellatum Fanoromeni,26 confrontatum versus transmontanam cum terreno de Diascoro, et versus meridiem confrontatur cum terreno Petri Ramundi, et ab hinc sedet et vadit super terrenum dicti Petri Ramundi scilicet in terreno de Conopes, et ab hinc vadit ad terrenum de Saillaco vocatum Stillos, et de Stillos vadit ad confinia de Dimilia in terris de Copries cum acquis pendentibus versus Sallacum, et ab hinc confrontatur cum

15 Ms: orospon. 16 Or allo stavri or Stavri. 17 Or mandraki meaning sheepfold. The modern Mandriko is 4.5 kilometres north-east of Kameiros Skala. There is a church of Saint George just east of Kameiros Skala and another at Kapi about 2.5 kilometres south-west of Salakos. 18  Lan stauri or Lanstavri. 19  Possibly the modern Cape Agios Minas with an old tower below ancient Kameiros. 20  Modern Kalavarda. 21 Ms: Georgium de Leone. Georgio de Leone was licensed in 1361 to sell the casale of Myrtonas [171] but in 1364 lands at Myrtonas were granted to Lose de Leone [71]. 22  Squiluqui: Skulucu just south of Kalavarda. 23 Ms: Langita. 24 Tsirpanlis: Langria. Angria (or Langria, Langonia, Agonia) and Mount Langria lie somewhere inland from Kameiros Skala. 25  Gallas, 223, places a Bysichia 1.2 kilometres south-west of Kalavarda. 26  Agios Faneromeni is south-east of Kalavarda.

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terris de Coraquies dicto Apano Methores cum acquis pendentibus et descendentibus ad terrenum de Sallaco, et de Apana Methores vadit ad Nictitari, et de Nictitari vadit ad montaneam magnam de Sallaco, et de hinc respondet a Platanos, qui sunt confines de Quinovati, et de hinc equitatur terrenum de Quinovati usque ad riacum27 Sancti Georgii de Nictiridioti, et de dicto riaco28 sunt confines de Sallaco qui vadunt supra costam magne montanee29 usque ad Sanctum Georgium Auctoriano30 supradictum. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi in nostro conventu die vicesima sexta mensis Octobris anno ut supra. [208] Rhodes, 18 March 1423. The Master and Convent quit the heirs of the late Guillermus Pippa speciarius for the sum they owe the Treasury; since they were unable to pay this debt their vines in the contrata of Delphinos were auctioned for 101 florins of Rhodes to magister Giovanni de Tropiano in Calabria, miles and doctor of laws and medicine, who is the Master’s phisicus, the sum being deducted from his salary by the Treasury. [Malta 346, f. 176v –177 (–)]. Frater Anthonius Flu[v]ian Dei gratia etc. et nos etc. universis et singulis fratribus nostre religionis ad quos presentes nostre littere quitancie pervenerint notum facimus quod cum heredes quondam Guillermi Pippe speciarii nostro communi thesauro restaverunt dare et solvere certam quantitatem pecuniarum et ipsis heredibus non habentibus unde solvere ipsam quantitatem pecuniarum, posite fuerunt ad incantum publicum quedam vinee heredum ipsius quondam Guillermi Pipe posite in contrata Delphini suis confinibus limitatis causa solvendi dicto nostro communi thesauro, unde dicte vinee deliberate1 fuerunt egregio militi ac legum et medicine doctori domino magistro Iohanni Tropiano de Calabria phisico nostro pro florenis Rodi currentibus centum et uno quos defalcari fecimus a suo stipendio. Verum quia ipsi heredes restabant dare adhuc aliquam quantitatem peccuniarum de dicto debito nostro communi thesauro, et ipsis heredibus non habentibus unde solvere iuxta illud inanis est accio quam inopia debitoris excludit, idcirco sponte et ex nostra certa scientia invicem deliberato consilio Dei amore pietatis intuitu a contemplatione et rogaminibus dicti domini magistri Iohannis Tropiani ipsos heredes et eorum fideiussores et fideiu[s]trices de predicto debito et quantitate in quo dictus quondam magister Guillermus Pippa et sui heredes tenebantur tenore presencium quitamus, liberamus et absolvimus, cassamus, anullamus, abolemus et irritamus quecumque

27 Ms: riatum; Tsirpanlis: piatum. 28 Ms: riato. 29  Presumably Profitis Ilias above Salakos. 30  Supra as Acrotiriano.  1 Ms: deliberata.

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instrumenta, prothocola, scripturas et notas quorumcumque notariorum et scribarum, et notarum nostri communis thesauri et quecumque alia probacionum et scripturarum genera in quibus ipse quondam magister Guillermus Pippa et sui heredes et sucessores nostro communi thesauro fuerunt quoquomodo obligati. Mandantes sub virtute sancte obedientie firmiter et districte universis et singulis fratribus domus nostre presentibus et futuris, cuiuscumque gradus, status, auctoritate, dignitate, officii vel condicionis existant, ne contra predictam nostram quittantiam ullatenus facere vel venire presumant, quinymo illam perpetuo efficaciter servant et dictos heredes et sucessores et fideiussores ac fideiustrices in eorum quitanciam defendant. Presentium2 serie nichilominus in verbo veritatis recognoscimus et fatemur a te prefato domino magistro Iohanne Tropiani phisico habuisse et recepisse ac a tuo stipendio in nostro communi thesauro defalcari fecisse dictos florenos centum et unum, de quibus centum et uno florenis per nos ut premittitur habitis et receptis et a tuo stipendio in nostro communi thesauro defalcatis plenarie contenti te prefatum dominum magistrum Iohannem Tropianum phisicum et tua bona ac heredum et sucessorum tuorum presencia et futura harum serie absolvimus, quitamus et perpetuo liberamus. In cuius rei testimonium bulla nostra communis plumbea presentibus est appensa. Data Rodi in prefato conventu die decima octava mensis Marcii anno Incarnationis Domini millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimo secundo.

2 Ms: presentibus.

288

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Publications Acheimastou-Potamianou, M., Στο Θάρι της Ρόδου: Ο ναός και οι τοιχογραφίες της Μονής του Ταξιάρχη Μιχαήλ (Rhodes, 2006) Alessandro di Filippo Rinuccini, Sanctissimo Peregrinaggio del Santo Sepulcro 1474, ed. A. Calamai (Pisa, 1993) Angold, M., A Byzantine Government in Exile: Government and Society under the Lascarids of Nicaea, 1204–1261 (Oxford, 1974) Archontopoulos, T., Ο ναός της Αγίας Αικατερίνης στην πόλη της Ρόδου και η ζωγραφική του ύστερου μεσαίωνα στα Δωδεκάνησα (1309–1453) (Rhodes, 2010) Bacci, M., ‘Portolano Sacro: santuari e immagini sacre lungo le rotte di navigazione del Mediterraneo tra tardo medioevo e prima età moderna’, in The Miraculous Image in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance, ed. E.Thunø – G. Wolf (Rome, 2004), 223–48 Balducci, H., Il santuario di Nostra Signora di Tutte le Grazie sul Filerimo presso Rodi (Rhodes, 1931) Barsanti, C., ‘Costantinopoli e l’Egeo nei primi decenni del XV secolo: la testimonianza di Cristoforo Buondelmonti’, Rivista dell’Istituto Nazionale d’Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte 56 (2001), 83–254 Barsanti, C., ‘Rodi descritta e illustrata nel Liber Insularum Archipelagi di Cristoforo Buondelmonti’, in 15 χρóνια έργων αποκατάστασης στη μεσαιωνική πόλη της Ρόδου, i (Athens, 2007), 266–78 Barsanti, C., ‘L’isola di Rodi nel Liber Insularum Archipelagi di Cristoforo Buondelmonti’, Νέα ‘Ρώμη 5 (2008), 357–80 Bartusis, M., Land and Privilege in Byzantium: the Institution of Pronoia (Cambridge, 2012) Barz, W.-D., Der Malteserorden als Landesherr auf Rhodos und Malta im Licht seiner straferechtlichen Quellen aus dem 14. und 16. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1990) Belabre, L., Rhodes of the Knights (Oxford, 1908) Benedictow, O., The Black Death, 1346–1353: The Complete History (Woodbridge, 2004) Berg, A., Die Insel Rhodos (Brunswick, 1862) Bitha, I., ‘Ενδυματολογικές μαρτυρίες στις τοιχογραφίες της μεσαιωνικής Ρόδου (14ος αι.–1523)’, in Ρόδος 2.400 Χρόνια, ii (Athens, 2000), 429–48 Bitha, I., ‘Σχόλια στην κτητορική επιγραφή του Αγίου Γεωργίου Παχυμαχιώτη στη Λίνδο της Ρόδου (1394/5)’, Δελτίον της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας IV ser. 35 (2009), 159–68 Bonet Donato, M., La Orden del Hospital en la Corona de Aragón: poder y gobierno en la Castellanía de Amposta (ss. XII–XV) (Madrid, 1994)

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297

INDEX 

All references are to page numbers. The index is limited to persons, places and selected themes. “ Fr.”  indicates a professed Hospitaller; “ mag.” , Master; “ lt.” , lieutenant; “ pre.” , preceptor; “ prey.” , preceptory; “ Pr.” , prior; “ Pry.” , priory; “ cmdr.” , commander (of  ); “ cmdy.” , commandery; “ cstln.” , castellan; “ cstlny.” , castellany. Other titles and propertytypes abbreviated are “ abp.” , archbishop; “ cas.” , casale; “ con.” , contrata; “ emr.” , emperor; “ iard.” , iardinum  or garden; “ k.” , king; “ loc.” , locum  or place; “ mon.” , monasterium; “ poss.” , possessio ; “ ter.” , terra ; “ terr.” , territorium ; “ vyd.” , vineyard. Except for some placenames, for Sanctus/Ayos etc. see Saint. abbots 52, 54, 56, 281– 2 Abouratorii , con. 96– 7 Abscito  122 Absito  122n, 138– 9 Acciaiuoli, Bank 37 accapitum  133 accidents 51, 157– 8, 253– 4 accounts 25, 45, 142– 3, 153– 5, 161, 193, 199, 202, 207– 8, 260, 262 et passim  Acristatigus , con. 143 Admiral 49, 54, 82, 84, 107n, 184, 210– 12, 227, 237, 240– 2, 265, 268 Admirato, Fr. Raymundus de 144 Adraccas, Micali 236 adultery 49, 51, 268n aera/aeras  94– 5, 144 Afandou 24, 26– 7, 38n, 40, 58, 63, 76– 9, 104n, 122, 124– 6, 138– 9, 219– 20, 223n, 230, 270– 2 Afidi , cas. 38, 151 Agia Argin  182 Agia Marina  41, 102– 3 Agios Minas 95n, 286n Agnese, nun 57 Agretha, ter. 148 agricultores/ farmers 34, 45, 52, 84, 86, 208 et passim  agriculture 15, 43– 4, 49– 50 et passim  Agropilia, cas. 176

Agros , loc. 41, 46, 112 Agullia, Innosio de 213 Ahonia  146– 7 Aiguetinte, cmdr. 149– 50 Aix-en-Provence 26, 257 Akoursos, Cyprus, cas. 136– 7 akropolises 30, 62– 3, 101n Alamana, Corsini heiress 35, 260– 2 Alamania, Fr. Domenico de 23, 36, 38, 47– 9, 61, 69, 71, 183– 4, 186– 7, 189n, 193– 4, 195, 197– 200, 202– 3, 210, 219– 22, 224– 8, 230– 1, 237– 43, 263, 265– 6 Alamania , langue  140n, 265 Alamania , Pr. & Pry. 267 Albas, cmdr. 270 Albengo, Emanuel 264 Alcioris see  Theologos Alepos /Alopos /Alopus /Alupos /Alupus , con. 39, 144, 275 Alexandria crusade 68 Alexi, Gorgios 115 Alfonsi, Johannes 195– 6, 279– 80 Alimnia 32, 47, 173– 4 Allexaina, Kataphyge, nun 57, 62 Almarinas, Stamati tis 168– 9 Alquer, Fr. Vidal 165 Altoloco see  Theologos Amali, Chalki 58

299

INDEX

Amartos, mon. 57n Amboise, Fr. Aimery de, Master 35n Ambrosiis, Antonio de 203– 4 Ambrosiis, Antonio de, surgeon 203– 4 Ameli, Fr. Bertrand 253 Ameliarius, judge ordinary 213– 14 Amiens, Cardinal of 229– 30 Amposta, Castellany of 88, 263 Amprearequi, Georgios 129 Anargyros, iard. 109– 10 A[na]stasius maraclerius  36n, 171 Anatolia 15– 18, 32, 34, 44, 84– 5 Ancona 168– 9, 275 Andrea, Ludovicus d’  29, 218– 19, 224, 230– 2 Andronichiti, Johannes 18 Andronikos, lands of 180 Andronikos II, emr. 18– 19, 61, 82– 3 angaria  42, 93– 5, 153 Angathona , valley 147– 8 Angelos, Manuel 68, 70 Angelos o procathomenos  115 Anglure, Ogier sieur d’  30, 69 Angria, montanea  283, 286 animals 10– 11, 22– 3, 29, 34, 38, 40, 42– 4, 46, 50, 84, 86, 93, 122, 153, 161, 251– 3, 263, 280– 1 anniversaries 195– 6, 210, 212 Anoyira, cmdr. 153– 4, 227 Anthonius, landholder 118– 19 Apano Methores  283, 287 apauta see appaltum  Apocogano, Johanni 134 apographeus  18 Apolakkia 19, 53, 55, 58, 62, 76– 7, 98 Apolakkia, cas. 164 Apolakkia, castellan 27, 78, 226– 7 Apolakkia, con. & mon. 46, 55, 98 Aporicta, Stephanos, papas  168– 9 Apollona 22– 3, 35, 38, 47– 8, 61, 70, 75– 7, 147– 8, 181– 2, 186– 7, 189 apotec(h)e, potece  9, 274, 276– 8 appaltum  9, 45, 103, 142, 149– 50, 154, 174– 5, 197, 200, 251– 2 apples 44 appothecarius  274 apricots 44 Apsito  122n, 151– 2 Aptana , con. 174– 5 Aptana , Niquita of, papas  174– 5 Aptidi , Apidi  129, 134, 244– 5 Aquar, Domenico de 144

Aquatum  206– 7 aqueducts 25, 45, 105, 154– 5, 237, 239 aquis pendentibus  5, 81, 94– 5, 100, 104– 5, 141, 146– 7, 155– 6, 179– 80, 237, 239, 283, 286– 7 Arabs 16– 17, 28 Aragon, Joan Infant of 183n Aragon, Marti k. of 35, 260– 3 Aragó n, Fr. Sancho de 82, 84, 88 Aragonese 184, 220 Archangeliti, Georgius 253– 4 Archangelos 32, 38, 50, 53, 58, 61– 2, 75– 8, 101– 2, 122, 129, 138– 9, 146n, 155n, 170n, 206, 233, 253 Archbishop of Rhodes 38– 9, 47, 51, 53, 170, 213– 14 Archipolis 114n, 151– 2 Archistratigos 143n architecture 5, 50, 57, 60– 1 archives, Hospitaller 1– 2 archontes  18, 31n Arcondo, Erini 237, 242 Arguiragapo, Magnafa 135– 6 Arles, cmdr. 196, 219– 20, 265 Arles, cmdy. 196n armed men 23, 34– 5, 90, 92, 162– 4, 177– 8, 215, 217, 247– 8 Armenians 36, 45 Armia 26 Armia, cas. 38, 250– 2 arms, heraldic 35n, 38n, 68 Arnaudi, Fr. Guinet 159– 60, 176 Arnitha 19, 30, 58 Arpaione, Fr. Bertrand 265 Arta 195 Artamitis 26, 44, 55, 161; see also  Mount Artamitis Artamitis, mon. 17, 19, 39– 40, 47, 55, 147– 9, 161n Artona , cas. and church 54, 120 Asarito , loc. 228– 9 Asca 143 ascripti see  serfs Asfan, Georgius 171 Asgourou 24, 51, 115, 124n, 130– 1, 194, 221– 2, 231, 256– 9 Asklepio 38n, 54n, 58, 75, 77– 8 Aspermeni, Johannes 122, 138– 9 aspers 7– 8 et passim  Asquioti , hill 148 Assanti, Bartolomeo 202– 3, 211, 213 Assanti, Bonavita 34

300

INDEX

Assanti, Borrello 31– 2, 154, 173– 4 Assanti, Giovanni 34 Astesano, Bartolomeus 84 asses 122, 281 Assiza, Niquita de 28 Astra, Thomasius 28, 227– 8 Atanasy, Costa 244 Athanasios, land of 118– 19 Athanasios de Saloniqui 123 Atavyros see  Mount Artamitis Athens 120 Athens, Duchy, cmdy. 21 Athina, Micali de 120 auctions 199– 201, 287 Audiberti, Anthonius 117 auditors 154, 262, 281n Auguat, Iohannes 171 Augustinian convent, Rhodes town 61 Aurenga, Raphael de 28, 39, 100– 1 Aurioli, Adda 122, 138– 9 Aurillac, Fr. Jean d’  188, 227 Auros, Fr. Bé renger d’  89– 91, 96– 7 Auros, Fr. Guillaume d’  228 Auros, Guillaume d’  222– 3 Auvergne, langue  265– 6 Auvergne, Pr. 256 Auvergne, Pry. 192n, 220n, 275 Avignon, cappellania  of Saint John 253 Avignon, cmdr. 195– 6, 219– 22, 224– 6, 230– 1, 237– 8 Avignon, documents issued 25, 88– 90, 173, 177– 8, 193– 211, 213– 32 Avignon, florins of 8, 210 Avignon, Hospitaller assembly at 226– 7 Avignon, Master at 47, 89– 90, 213, 226– 7 Avignon, payments at 181– 2, 200, 202 Ayos Pandiris , terr. 96– 7 Bajoles, cmdr. 225 Balbi, Fr. Pierre 195– 6 Balistarii, Nichola 144 Bangi , con. 185n, 264n banks, Italian 37, 48, 82, 84 banner (vexillum sancte crucis ) 85 baptism 43, 62, 165– 6, 258– 9 Barberii, Micalis/Michali 155– 6, 170 barbers 224– 5, 230– 1, 249 Barcelona 260– 1, 263 Barcelona, cmdr. 165 Bardi, Bank 37 Barilho, Georgius 253– 4 Barletta, Pr. 82n, 96– 7

barley 29, 47, 127, 210 barter 44 Bartolini, Johannes 104 Bartolomei, Alexios 41, 112 Bartolomeo, judge ordinary 213– 14 basilicas, Palaeochristian 57, 63 Bastida 260, 262 Bastide, Fr. Gautier de la 194– 5 baths 50, 134– 5 Bauffremont, Fr. Pierre de 38, 222– 3, 250– 2 Baugi , con. 185n, 264n Baugy  219– 20 Bayezid I, sultan 32 beards 52, 61– 2, 68, 186, 194, 285 beatings 23, 47, 163, 186, 194, 282, 285 beehives 55, 98 bees 42, 93– 4 Beg, Johannes 136– 7 Belichon/Belizon, Canton 195– 6, 279– 80 Belloch, Anthonius 279n Belloch, Nicholaus 37, 59, 128n, 206– 7, 279 Belloch family, of Girona 207n Benini, Fr. Bartolomeo 124– 6, 153– 4, 183– 4 bequests 22, 52, 123 Bé renger, Fr. Raymond, Master 81, 151– 3 Bermundi, Jacobus 37 Bermundi, Petrus 155– 6, 170 Bernardis, Petrus 168– 9 Berneville, Fr. Toussan de 256 Bertin, Fr. 255 Bertrand, Anthonius, notary 240 Bertrandis, Jacopo de 168– 9 bezants 7– 8 et passim  birds 122, 258n Bodrum, castle 10, 63 Boeuf, Richardon 28, 43, 51, 62, 165– 6 Boeuf, Sofia 28, 43, 51, 62, 165– 6 Boeuf family 43, 62, 165– 7 boli  147– 8 Bologna 93, 149 Bonbertoft, cmdr. 258 Boncourt, cmdr. 256 Bondiquo, landholder 254– 5 books 19, 54, 73, 204– 5, 212 Borges, Fr. Guido de 265– 7 borgo see  Lindos, borgo; Rhodes, town Botro, Boana de 111 Botro, Canne de 168– 9 Botrono, Manoli de 158– 9 bottles 53

301

INDEX

boundaries 4– 5, 23, 26– 7, 50– 1, 59, 81 et passim  boundary stones 94– 5, 155 Bourceli, Johannes 249 Boysson, Fr. Pierre 195 Brachierii, Iohannes 171 branding 46 Brè s, Fr. Pierre 195, 225– 6 brethren, frescoes depicting 63, 68 brethren, Hospitaller 5, 9– 10, 20– 6, 33– 4, 36, 38– 40, 48, 106n, 154– 5, 195, 199– 201, 226– 7, 231, 271 et passim  Breydenbach, Bernhart 31n bridges 27, 42, 78, 162, 164 Brinonia, Fr. Robertus de 96– 7, 110– 11 Buganno, Fr. Aymeric de 111 buildings 3– 5, 24, 30– 1, 41, 48, 50, 54, 56– 7, 59, 68, 70, 74– 5, 81, 95, 235 Bulgarino of Pisa 17 Bulgars 36 bulls, Conventual 2, 10, 56, 81, 92 et passim  bulls, Magistral 2, 8, 10, 22n, 23, 53– 4, 56 et passim  Buondelmonti, Cristoforo 4, 27, 31– 2, 35, 55, 57, 59– 60, 65, 70– 1, 73– 9, 95n Burgari, Michael 168– 9 burgenses see  Rhodes town, burgenses  burials 39, 53, 56, 75, 78, 154– 5, 281– 2 Bussottus, turcopolus  29, 193 butcher 204 butchery 146– 7 Bysichia 283, 286 Byzantines 15– 19 Byzantine canon law 54 Byzantine castles 26, 30, 62– 3, 68 et passim  Byzantine emperor 33, 37, 61 Byzantine law 36, 46 Byzantine measurements 8, 26 Byzantine peasants 41 Cabaterius, Anthonius 276– 7 Cacelli, Guidonus 93 caffiziate  8, 118– 9, 121, 123, 135– 6, 190– 1 Ç affulo, Fr. Vianesio 183– 4 Caisii, Franciscus 90 Calatayud, Juan de 184– 5 Calebros, landholder 111 Calevarde, Michali 254– 5 Cali, inhabitant of Sinodocto 157– 8 Cali, slave and tavernaria  120 Cali, widow of Nicola Gripiati 156– 7 Cali de Squiro, slave 120

Calian, Fr. Galiotto de 265– 7 Caloftati 106 Caloguero, Iohannes 36n, 171 Calopurey, Georgius, notary 140 Calopsiqui, Zeno 135– 6 Calotetos, Migali, papas  269 Calovarda, Jany 178– 9 Calovarda, Johannes de 17– 18 Caludina, Janna 118 Calvet, Fr. Mathieu 253 Camano, Cabissiquina de 143 Cameliqui , terr. 224 Cameriis, Fr. Jean de 265 Campanos , con. 133– 4 Canberlani, Vassili 144 Candia, Nicholas of 168– 9 candle, used to regulate auction 200n Canea , cas. 106 canonical portion 39 Cantarelli, Antonio 39, 47, 55, 147– 8 Cantesio, Fr. Bertrand de 98– 9 Caoursin, Guillaume 31n, 50n Cape Agios Minas 286n Cape Saint Martin 94– 5, 283, 286 Cape Vodi 158n Capitula Rodi  43, 46, 199, 201 capons/chickens 34, 38, 44, 188, 194– 5,  229 Capous , cas. 106 cap(p)ellanie see  chaplaincies Caraqui , hill 147– 8 Carbonera, Erini 178– 9 Carceron 114 Cardamatha , loc. 218 Cardami, Capsiquina de 127– 8 Carmentini, Johannes 276– 7 carobs 44, 94– 5 carreria longa  202– 3 carrots 44 Cartofilaca, land of 130– 1 casali  4, 9, 21– 3, 81 et passim  Caspe, cmdr. 194 Castani, Nichola 135– 6 Caste, Fr. Deodatus 195– 6 castellanies 4– 5, 9, 21– 2, 26– 7, 46, 81 et passim  castellans 9, 21, 24, 26– 7, 29 et passim  Castelló  d’ Empuries, cmdr. 165 Castelsent, Fr. Pere de 192 Castillon, Fr. Arnaud de 227 castles 5, 9, 11, 15– 16, 18– 21, 25– 32, 37, 39– 40, 45, 47, 58, 62– 3, 68– 71, 73– 9,

302

INDEX

84– 5, 100– 1, 104, 121, 131, 147– 8, 162, 164, 183– 5, 190– 2, 213, 233– 5, 237– 8, 263, 265– 8, 270, 274 Castrofilaca, Caviano 102– 3 Castrofilata, Nichola de 106 Catalan company 36 Catalans 17, 35, 37, 220n Catalunya 261 Catalunya, Pr. 165n, 265 Catalunya, Pry. 2, 153n Catania, cmdr. 275 Catarus, hospitium  of 204– 5 Catasambas, Nicholaus 62n Cathalani, Georgius 96– 7 cathedral canons 38n, 51 Cattaneo, Antonio 23, 31, 35, 48, 282– 6 Cattaneo, Ottobono 282 cauldron 154– 5 Caumont, Nompar de 28, 60, 70 Caussembr[en], iard. 96– 77 caves, grottos 47, 70, 115n, 209 Cavo, Giovanni de 17 (Cav)ulla de Stives, Nicolaus, slave 120 cells 55, 59, 168– 70, 192, 204– 5 cemeteries 48, 59n, 60 cens, census see  rent, renting Cescrant, Costa, slave 120 Ceva, Fr. Georgio de 227 chabimentum  172 chalices 54, 204– 5, 212 Chalki 47, 75, 154, 173– 4, 197 Chalki, castle on 27, 31, 47, 77 Chalki, churches 47, 57– 8, 70, 75 Chalki, falcons of 44 Chalki, frescoes 57– 8 Chamberaud, cmdr. 185– 6, 256 Chancellor, the 220n chancery, Hospitaller 2, 8, 41– 2, 59, 153n, 189 Chaneti, Fr. Johannes 224 Changari, deacon 164 Changari, Johannes 118 Chapelle, cmdy. see  La Chapelle chapels 30, 38– 9 , 47, 53– 4 , 57, 59n, 61– 4 , 68– 7 0, 96– 7 , 128, 191, 195, 206–  7 , 210–  1 2, 237–  8 , 241–  2 , 270–  2 chaplains 56, 59– 60, 62, 96– 8, 165, 168, 170, 183, 195, 206– 7, 210– 12, 238, 241– 2, 267, 270, 277– 8 chaplaincies 9, 38, 63n, 69, 70n, 96– 7, 183, 195– 6, 234, 280

chapters general 2, 11, 21– 5, 36, 178– 81, 256– 7 Charaki 58, 146n Charaki, hill 148n Charbonnier, cmdr. 275 charcoal 154– 5 charistikion  54 charitable works 47 charruata , land measure 109– 10 Châ teauneuf, Fr. Ricaud de 176– 7 Châ tillon, Fr. Arnaud de 234 cheese 154– 5 Chemeno, Anna de 127– 8 Chemire  178– 9 cherries 44 Chiavari, Liguria 33 children 36, 43, 47, 52, 57, 61– 2, 68, 71, 90– 1, 165– 6, 171, 183 Chiona, Georgios, papas  60 Chios 49– 50, 74 Chioty, Theodoros 109 Chirmeli, Costa, papas  53 Christ Enthroned 68 churches, passim see  individual dedications churches, models 57, 61– 2 Cibo, Maurizio 211– 12 Cicciano, cmdr. 183– 4, 186 Cilician Armenia 68 Ciriaco de Ancona 71 cisterns 30, 32, 46– 8, 68, 173– 4 Clareti, Guillermus 121 classical authors 70– 71, 73 classical remains 3– 4, 48, 69– 71, 74– 9 classical sculpture 71, 76 Clavelli, Dragonetto 25, 35, 38, 45, 48– 9, 60n, 61, 187, 197, 206– 10, 219– 22, 224– 5, 232, 235, 245– 51, 263– 4, 269, 272– 3, 276– 8 Clerc, Guillermus lo 131– 2 clerics 52, 127– 8, 210– 11 cloth 142, 212 clothing 57, 61– 4, 195– 6 Clusel, Fr. Jean de 265– 6 coast, coastal regions 15– 16, 19, 27, 31, 39, 42, 47– 8, 57, 75– 6, 94– 5, 158n, 183, 185, 202– 3, 209, 235 Cobocle , loc. 209 Coboclia, vyd. 235 Coclaconovo , hill 147– 8 Coihero, Micali 211– 12 coins 3, 7– 8, 44, 78 Colimbus  146

303

INDEX

Coliendri, Georgios 244 collachium  48, 73, 233n, 256– 7, 271n Collica, Jany 178– 9 Colombier, vyd. 236 Colossos 70, 73 comerc, comerchium  (tax) 22, 154, 199– 200 comes galee  87 Comis , cmdr. 228 commanderies, Western 5, 9, 11, 61, 81 et passim  commemoration 53, 195– 6 Commeno, Niquita 96 Commerce, Bailiff of 9– 10, 96– 7, 199, 201, 226– 7, 272, 276– 7 commerchium 9– 10, 203n, 270– 1, 274, 276– 8 Compania , loc. 236 complaints, local 25, 199– 202 Concrussu, Manoli 234 condilus grecorum  46 Condrie, cmdr. 229 conduit see  aqueduct Conopes, terrenum  283, 286 Copries, ter. 283, 286 Constance 274n Constantinople 16, 33, 51, 61, 69– 70, 73, 82– 3, 140n Constantinople, Patriarch of 11, 51– 2 Contenstavili, Michalli 185 contrate  10, 21, 26, 55, 75 et passim  Convent, central 5, 10– 11, 21, 25, 27, 45, 52, 54– 6, 60 et passim  Convent, Prior of the 40, 60, 97, 156– 7, 195, 225– 6, 233, 236, 256, 270– 1, 275– 8, 279– 80 Conventual church 69, 96– 7, 195, 202– 3, 236, 256– 7, 270– 1, 279– 80 Conventual church, sacristy 270– 1 cooks see  Master’ s cook Coquari, Costa 133– 4 Corafi, Canquinus 114– 15 Coraquies  282– 3, 287 Corderii, Georgius 96– 7 Corinth, Nicola of 170 Corleone, cmdr. 274 Corneillan, Fr. Pierre, Master 47, 81, 88, 109– 10 corruption 25, 49 corsairs 17 Corsilio, Vestiariti 190 Corsini, Giovanni 23, 35, 69, 177, 181– 2, 186– 7, 189, 261n, 262 Corsini, Nicoletta see  Leone, Nicoletta de

Corundelli, Guillermus 93 corvé es  42, 198 et passim ; see also angaria  Cosina, Georgius 41, 102– 3 Cosma, Manoli 94– 5 Cosotopoulos, Gorgios 110– 11 Costa, papas  164 Coti, Johannes 104 Cotis, Thoma 113 Council of the Order 25, 265– 6, 268, 270, 272, 278 courts 23– 4, 46; see also curia , Rhodian courtyards 55, 168– 9, 192 Cousan, Martinus 171 cows 46, 281 Crato, Georgius de 28, 100 Crete 18, 49, 56, 73, 74n crimes 24– 5, 46, 51, 162– 4, 165, 192, 258– 60, 265– 7 Crispo, Agnese 35 Cross, church of, Giropotamos 111 cross, Hospitaller 44, 63, 68 crossbowmen 34, 84, 86 crosses 94– 5, 155– 6, 282, 286 Crossocopoulos, Nicolaos 47, 213– 14 Crossocopoulos, Nikephoros 47, 213– 14 Crucifixion, depiction of 68 crusaders 16, 19n, 20, 68 Cuce, Michali lo 130– 1 Culant, Fr. Pierre de 206– 7, 210– 11, 213– 14, 227, 228– 9 Culichi, Michael, protos  53, 101– 2 cultivatable land 130– 1, 141 cultivated land 26, 39– 42, 46, 94– 5, 102– 3, 141, 153 cultivation 39– 41, 46 curia , Rhodian 39, 91, 93, 96– 7, 113, 144, 156– 8, 162, 213– 14 Curia, Bailiff of the 96– 7 Cursarii, Georgius 151– 3 customs dues 22, 199, 201; see comerc  Cypress Hill 146n Cypro, Alamaricus de, alias  Johannes Beg 136– 7 Cyprus 16, 19– 21, 23– 4, 28, 30n, 45, 49, 52, 61– 2, 69n, 87, 92, 136– 7, 142, 153, 177, 226– 7 Cyprus, cmdr. 151– 2, 193– 4, 197– 8, 227 Dadima  106 Damatria 22, 38, 58, 167, 178– 80, 232 Dangeroux, Fr. Jean 268 Danili, Michali 96– 7

304

INDEX

dating systems 8 Dayotus, daughter of 108 deacons 38, 52, 57, 164 debt 154, 167, 198, 200, 202, 287 decadia, decata, decimum  10, 42, 55, 93– 4, 98, 153, 279 dedications 57n, 68, 96– 7, 195, 202– 3, 270– 2, 280 Dedimavounia  106n deer 44 defence 4– 5, 19, 26– 7, 32, 84– 5, 90, 162, 215, 247 et passim  defter  49n Delphinos , con. 287 deniers , denarii  7– 8, 44, 118– 19, 134– 5, 153– 5, 170– 1 Deno , river 135– 6 Dé odat, serf 165– 7 depopulation 20, 33, 40 deprival of the habit 192 deprival of office 182, 193 Desgiras, Nicola 130– 1 Despina 276, 278 Deynie, Fr. Guiraud 160 dichaios  (vicar-general) of Rhodes 51, 244n Dies, Fr. Juan 195– 6 Dimilia 22n, 38n, 111n, 283, 286 Diopassadas  46, 124– 6, 133, 156– 7, 172, 194 doctor decretorum see  Grasse, Fr. Gautier doctors of laws 162, 287– 8 doctors, medical 39, 134, 144, 157, 204, 287 dogs 94– 5 Domasia  206 Domenchonis, Anna 114 donats 25, 38, 47, 268 donkey cave 115n donkeys 44, 55, 148– 9 donors of/to churches 54, 57, 61– 2 et passim  dowries 54 Drapier 29, 82, 84, 143, 225 Drongarena, vine of 180 ducats 7– 8, 39, 44, 110– 11, 139– 40, 186– 7, 260– 2 Duquena, daughter of Matito 115– 16 Duquene, Maria 188– 9, 191 Dyaco, Vasilly to 256 Dyano, Georgius 235 Dyaskoros 22n, 23, 29, 34– 5, 37, 45, 127, 177– 8, 187, 250, 283, 286

earthquakes 19, 31, 40, 79 Echavano, Fr. Artal de 88 Edimavounia  106 Efgueniano, heirs of 168– 9 Egidius, Fr. cstln. Villanova 226– 7 eggs 154– 5 Egypt 16, 18, 32, 44, 53 Eldiza, Petrus de 133 Embonas, cas. 40, 93, 278 Embonas 19, 30, 41– 2, 136n, 147– 8 emphyteusis 10, 33, 36– 7, 41, 55 et passim  encennium  42, 93– 4 enclosures, walled 50, 172 England, langue  29, 235, 265, 279– 80 England, Pr. 235– 6, 256, 279– 81 English brethren 235 English pilgrim 17n, 27 É pailly, cmdr. 195n Epano Kalamonas 122n Ephesus, abp. of 128 Epiros 195n Episkopi 154, 173, 197 Erimokastro 19, 30 Eschunides  141 Esdoquinias, papas  269 Este, Niccolò  d’  48 Ettelie, Janottus 276– 7 Evoduquia, Octiriati, papas  107 exchange rates 7– 8, 21, 39, 85, 87, 189 Exipetro  141 export restrictions 43, 98– 9 exports 10, 16, 18, 43– 4 Eymericus, Petrus 263 Fabri, Fr. Pontius 183 falconers 44, 51, 137– 8 Falconerii, Johannes 213– 14 falcons 44, 173– 4 familia  84– 6, 91, 93 familiares , familiarii 24, 39, 90, 107, 128, 134, 142, 144, 170, 184, 215, 217– 18, 221– 4, 230– 2, 243– 4, 246– 7, 249, 260– 1 Faneromeni, terr. 283, 286 Fanes 127n, 187n Fanes, cas. 35, 39, 177, 260– 2 Fanes, lord of 37, 263, 274 farriers 223, 254 Fengarino, Johannes to 236 Feraklos 206– 7 Feraklos, akropolis 30 Feraklos, ancient remains 75– 7 Feraklos, cstln. 26, 161, 192, 230– 1, 265– 7

305

INDEX

Feraklos, cstlny. 26, 39, 41, 120, 122, 138– 9, 141, 151– 2, 161, 174– 5, 230– 1, 282n Feraklos, castle 18– 19, 26– 8, 30, 45, 58, 77, 104, 192, 233, 265– 6 Feraklos, con. 104, 116 Feraklos, sergentaria  28, 227– 8 feudal arrangements 34– 5, 42– 3 et passim  feudatorii  193, 225– 6 feudum nobile , grants in 34– 5, 86, 88– 92, 163, 216, 225– 6, 245– 7, 282, 284 fiefs of the Hospital 21– 3, 25– 6, 31, 33– 35, 37– 8, 40, 42, 46, 84– 92, 162– 3, 177– 8, 215– 17, 225– 6, 245– 9, 282– 6 fiefs, imperial 17– 8, 21 fig trees 75, 106, 116, 118, 135– 6, 148, 184 figs 44, 47 Filerimos 3, 30, 63, 68– 9, 71, 184– 5, 254– 5 Filerimos, akropolis 30 Filerimos, cstln. 26, 30, 89– 91, 161 Filerimos, cstlny. 22, 24, 26, 161, 175– 6 Filerimos, castle 16, 18– 19, 26– 8, 30, 39, 63, 66, 68– 9, 77, 100– 1, 161, 184– 5,  234 Filerimos, churches 30, 58, 63, 68– 71, 75, 77, 253, 260, 262, 276– 7 Filerimos, con. 184 Filerimos, frescoes 61, 68– 9 Filerimos, ikon 63n, 68– 9, 75, 77 Filerimos, monastery 19, 58, 63, 68 Filerimos, prior or chaplain 253, 267 Filerimos, prioratus  or cappellania  63n, 68, 253 financial year 45, 153– 4 fines 46, 162– 3, 199, 201 Finikas, cmdr. 227 first fruits 39 fish 44, 47, 146, 154– 5 fisheries 177 Florence 7, 73, 78, 82, 84, 177, 181– 2, 186– 7, 189, 203– 4, 211– 12 Florence, Council of 52 Florence, Nano of 203 Florentines 4, 7, 35, 37, 48, 71, 73, 75 florins 7– 8 et passim  Flote, Fr. Bertrand 48, 178– 82, 189 Fluvià , Fr. Antoni de, Master 81, 279– 82 Folco, Bencivenni di 82, 84 Fonsarie, Arnaudus de 146 Fontenay, Fr. Guillaume de 195

foodstuffs, need to import 40, 43, 49, 98– 9, 119– 20, 272– 3 forests 15 Formagariis, Gugliemo de, judge ordinary 162 fortalicia  26, 85, 164, 233, 251, 282, 284 fortifications 18, 25– 7, 29– 31, 35, 40, 42, 47– 8, 59, 79; see also  castles, fortalicia , Rhodes town Forty Martyrs, church of 264 Fossat alias Picon, Fr. Elie de 211, 213, 236 fossatum  146 foundations, ecclesiastical 10– 11, 19, 37– 41, 43, 52– 63, 69– 70, 102n, 158n, 168– 70, 195– 6, 206– 7, 210– 13, 234– 5, 270– 2 fountains 60; see  springs Fournier, Coste 256– 7 France, langue  of 265– 6, 268 France, Lt. Pr. 256 France, Pr. 233– 4, 256– 8 franchi, franci  28, 42– 3, 87, 94, 120, 134, 153, 165– 7, 171 Francolini, Michali 129 francomati  10, 36, 40– 2, 47, 148, 189n Fraximi , cmdr. 219– 20 French persons 37, 68, 82n French crusader 19n French language, use of 51 frescoes 1, 4, 19, 53, 56– 63, 68 fruit 44, 102 fruit trees 44, 48 Furno, Johannes de, notary 127 Gabalas, John 16 Gabalas, Leo 16 gabella  10 Gadoraespillo  114– 15 Gaduras, river 75, 78 Gagnac, Fr. Bertrin de 26, 161, 167, 178– 81 Gaiche, Fr. Pierre 218, 244– 5 Gaillarde, Fr. Guillaume 195– 6 Galactien, Yeromanacus, papas  140– 1 galley captains 34, 85, 87 galleys 34, 42– 3, 85, 87, 199– 201 galley service 10, 20, 34, 43; see marinarii  Galliners, Fr. Guillem 190, 198, 206, 219– 20, 223– 4, 226– 7, 230 Ganussa, Fr. Franciscus de 230– 1 Gap, cmdy. 196 gardeners 48, 232 gardens 10, 22, 25– 6, 28, 37– 9, 41, 45– 50, 54– 5, 59– 60, 73 et passim 

306

INDEX

Garibaldis, Antonina de 203– 4 Garibaldis, Opitino de 203– 4 Gate of Saint Athanasius, Rhodes town 59n, 171n Gate of Saint George, Rhodes town 110– 11 Gate of Saint John, Rhodes town 54n, 59, 140n, 192n Gate of Saint Stephen, Rhodes town 60, 188, 191– 2 gates 30, 31n, 50, 54, 59– 60, 110– 11, 140n, 171n, 188, 191– 2, 212, 270– 1, 276, 278 Gatulla, Steffano 213 Gaubert, Fr. Pierre 265 gayta  42, 93– 5 Gematico, church and con. 158– 9 Gengest, Fr. Gondofredus de 218 Genoa 21n, 33, 48, 82, 88– 91, 93, 237, 282 Genoese 16– 18, 35, 37, 149, 240, 283, 285 Georgius, priest 211, 213 Gienbrè de, cmdr. 149, 153– 4 gigliati 7, 144– 5, 153– 5, 195– 6, 258– 9 Gilecti, Johannes, serviens  190 Gilectus, Fr. 190 Gillyme, papas  235 Giovanni, Nano 203, 211– 12 Giovanni, Fr. Palamedo di 184, 227, 237– 8, 241– 2 Giraud, Fr. Hugues 196n, 219– 20 Giresme, Fr. Nicole de 256– 7 Giresme, Fr. Regnault de 234, 256– 7 Giropotamos, loc. 111 goats 37, 44, 46– 7, 55, 98, 148– 9, 251, 263, 270– 1, 279 Goga, Fr. Salvo 81, 83 Goheau, Fr. Geoffroi 229 Golari , hill 147– 8 Gondanville, Jehan de, master of arts 258 Gost, Fr. Pou de 256– 7 Gozon, Fr. Dé odat de, Master 81, 96, 110– 11 et passim  Gracie, Michaely 278 Gracie, Petrus 278– 9 Graciole 258– 9 Gradenigo, Pietro, miles  37, 175– 6 grain 8, 23, 43– 4, 49, 98– 9, 116, 119– 20, 142, 161, 193, 203– 4, 206, 210; see  barley, wheat Granadenas , iard. 134– 5 Granaries, cmdr. of the 192n

granaries 200, 202, 206 Grand Commander 22, 47– 8, 96– 7, 109– 10, 151– 2, 178– 82, 189– 90, 219– 20, 228, 233 Grand Preceptor see  Grand Commander Grange, Jean de la, Cardinal of Amiens 229– 30 Grantcale 258– 9 Granyena, cmdr. 229 Granyena, cmdy. 220n Granyena, Fr. Adhemar de 219– 20 grapes 44 graves 53, 61n Grasse, Fr. Gautier 256, 275– 7, 279– 80 Greece, mainland 36 Greek artists 68 Greek church on Rhodes 51– 4 Greek churches 30, 46, 48, 51– 2, 54, 57– 63, 68– 9, 82, 84, 277n Greek court 46 Greek deacons 38, 52, 57 Greek dress 62; see also  clothing Greek land-holders 37– 42 Greek language 15, 22n, 51, 70 Greek liturgy 49, 51– 2, 59n, 62 Greek names 4, 26, 36, 39, 81 Greek nobility, lack of 33, 40 Greek priests see papates  Greek rite bishop 51, 53 Greek ‘ schismatics’  39, 51, 85 Greek serfs 42– 3, 51 Greek slaves 36, 51 Greek subjects of the Hospital 15, 20– 1, 23, 33, 36– 7, 199– 201, 211– 12 Grendon, Fr. Walter 235– 6, 256 Grimaldi, Bonifazio di 21n Gripiati, Nicola 156– 7 Gripioti, Jani 41, 174– 5 Grivel, Fr. Jean 237– 8, 256 Grivel, Fr. Lorrin 255 grooms 154– 5 Gros, Jacques 142– 3 Gualterio, Domenico de 154 Guardaradis, cas. 144 Guarche, cmdr. 265 guard duty 28, 32, 34– 5, 42, 93– 5, 162, 164, 173– 4 guard galley 199– 201 guardianus de almarasio  45 Gueramides, ter. 106 Gugielmus, abp. Ephesus 128n Guienara , cas. 47, 148

307

INDEX

Guillamini, papas  209 Guillaume, Fr. cmdr. Gap 196 Guillelm, serf 165– 7 Guillermi, Anthonius 232– 3 Guillermi, Georgius 171 Guillermus, abp. Rhodes 170 Guillermus, Fr. cast. Feraklos 265, 267n Guitard, Jacques 39, 134– 5, 144– 5 Guitart, Fr. Arnau 165 Guitounis , cas. 176 habitatores  18, 37, 59, 93– 5, 99, 104– 5, 119, 131, 140, 146, 160, 183, 187, 190, 193, 197, 201, 206– 7, 225– 6, 233, 237, 240, 245, 264 habitatrices  157– 8, 191 harbours 15– 16, 20, 24, 30– 1, 47, 77, 146n, 202– 4, 211– 13, 237, 242, 276, 278 Hardaqui  146 hats 52, 68 Hauton, Fr. Thomas 265 hay 45, 177– 8 heiresses 35, 203– 4, 237, 240, 260– 2 heirs 21, 28, 34, 36– 7, 39, 41, 52, 55– 6 et passim  Helemonitra , con. 59, 128n, 206– 7 Helie, Fr. Arnolinus 183 Hellenistic sites 16, 30, 70, 78 Heredia, Fr. Juan de 275 Heredia, Fr. Juan Ferná ndez de, Master 25, 70, 81, 279– 80 heresy 170 Hermebat dit Griguiat, Hubert 258 hermits 69 high places 94– 5, 144n Hilaire, Fr. Bertrand 96– 8 hills 15, 26, 30, 59n, 70, 81, 94– 5, 101– 2, 104– 5, 106n, 114, 136n, 141, 144, 146, 147– 8, 155– 6, 178– 80, 209, 235, 237, 239, 247, 283, 286 Hohenberg, Fr. Albrecht von 140n Holamis, slave 171 Holt, Fr. Peter 233 Holy Apostles in the borgo , church 56 Holy Trinity, church of, Iamatikon 57– 8, 62, 158n Holy Trinity, hospice, Afandou 270– 1 Holy Trinity, mass of 271 holy war 19– 20 Homer 70 honey 44, 47

honour of God, mass in 271 horses 23, 27, 29, 34, 44– 6, 51, 84, 86, 90, 92, 105, 157, 162– 4, 177– 8, 184, 214– 15, 217, 239, 247– 8 hospices 40, 63, 69, 210– 12, 237, 242, 270– 1, 277n hospicia/hospitia see  hospices, houses hospitia alta et bassa  (two-storeyed houses) 50, 55, 168– 71, 217– 18, 249, 276– 7 Hospital, Cardinal Protector of 229– 30 hospital, Conventual 21, 202 Hospitaller, Lt. of 265 Hospitaller, the 22, 183, 195n, 245, 250– 2 houses 10, 22, 30– 1, 37– 9, 47– 50, 55, 59– 60 et passim  Hulles, Fr. William 279– 81 humanism 70– 1, 78 Hungary, Pry 21 hunting 44 huts 47– 8, 50 Iacob, Guillermo 171 Ialysos, ruins 30, 63, 68, 70 Iamatikon 57– 8, 62, 158n iardina see  gardens Ieropotami 111n ikons 30, 61, 68– 70, 75, 77 Imbros 28 immigration see  settlement Imola, Fr. Pietro da 88– 9 Imperato, Girardo de 203– 4 imports 3, 10, 24, 33, 36, 40, 43– 5, 51, 272– 3 imprisonment 23, 26, 47, 162, 165, 186, 194, 265– 8, 282, 285 improvements to property 37, 105, 122, 135, 139, 155– 6, 169, 172– 5, 181, 250– 2, 267– 8, 281 incomes 20– 1, 24– 5, 39, 45, 54– 5, 82, 96– 7, 132, 142, 149– 50, 154– 5, 161, 167, 172, 181– 3, 197– 8, 203– 4, 207– 8, 210, 227– 8, 237 et passim  indulgences 60, 69 injustice 192, 199– 200, 272– 3 inscriptions 1, 4, 19, 38n, 52, 55, 59– 61, 102n interpreters 39, 108– 9, 133– 4, 144 Ipsalicha, Janyn 235 Ireland, Pr. 233 iron 18

308

INDEX

irrigation 25, 45– 6, 48, 104– 5, 154– 5, 237, 239 Ischia 34, 173, 202 islands, Hospitaller 1, 3, 10, 23, 27, 32, 47, 76n, 77, 82, 84– 5, 92 et passim  Italian artistic influences 69 Italy, auberge  of 237, 241 Italy, langue  of 23, 210– 11, 237– 41, 243 Italy, Lt. of Master and Convent in 183– 4, 186– 7 Italy, Tower of, Rhodes town 60 iura , definition 42, 153 ius prelationis  10, 36, 95– 6, 98, 100– 3, 107– 8, 111– 19, 121, 123– 6, 128– 33, 136– 8, 140, 142, 145, 147, 156, 159– 60, 164, 171, 175, 244 iuspatronatus  10– 11, 37, 53– 6, 58, 210– 11, 271– 2 Jachetus, Master’ s chamberlain 82, 84 Jacob/Jacobo, Petrus de 37, 39, 94– 5, 104– 5, 135– 6, 237, 239 Jacobo de Pistoia 278 Jacuti, Mimodena de 143 Jallè s, cmdr. 178– 81, 218n Jamon, serf 165– 7 Janni, turcopole 29, 108 Jaques, Jehan, notary 258 Jeraqui, Johannes 56– 7 Jerusalem 20, 28 Jerusalem, kingdom of 87 Jew, converted 51, 258– 9 jewellery 61– 2 jewels 56, 282 Johanna, Angelina de 256 Johannes, interpreter 108– 9 Johanni, Fr. Petrus 117– 18 Johannis, Fr. Jacobus 134– 5 Johanot, serf 165– 7 Josephi, Johannes 56n Jornaul, Odetus 254– 5 Joya, serf 165– 7 Joyeuse, Fr. Dragonet de 134– 5 judges 24, 46– 7, 157, 181, 242, 272 judges of appeals 47, 213– 15, 262, 272 judges criminal 93, 162 judges ordinary 47, 162, 213– 14, 272 Juilly, Fr. Robert de, Master 49, 81, 183– 4 jurisdictions 22– 5, 34, 39, 46, 82, 92, 162– 3, 285

justice 22, 43, 46, 49, 82– 3, 165, 199– 200, 226, 259– 60, 262, 272– 3, 285 justiciars 82– 3, 260 Kalamonas, cas. 23, 38, 122, 138– 9, 158, 172 Kalamonas, iard. 234, 256– 7 Kalathies 104n, 115n Kalathos, cas. 41, 46, 104, 160, 170n Kalavarda 46, 105n, 181n, 286n Kalopetra 22 Kamanos, Irini 62 Kamanos, Nikolaus 62 Kameiros 44, 70, 286n Kameiros Skala 15, 286n Kamyridi , mon. 282n Kantakuzenos, John 16 Kapi 286n Katagros 198 Katagros, cstln. 27, 56, 281– 2 Katagros, cstlny. 27n, 53, 56, 281– 2 Katasamba, Kale, kyra  and magistrissa  62 Katasamba, papas  62 Katholiki, cas. 38n Kattavia 19, 25– 7, 30, 39, 42, 63, 70, 74, 76– 8, 96, 263, 268– 9, 275 kids 42, 55, 98, 279 Kitala 19, 30, 147– 8 knights, secular see milites  Kolossi, Cyprus 21n Kolovrehtis, river 187 Kolymbia 146n Kos 17– 18, 22, 29n, 36, 45, 71, 76n, 82– 3, 98– 9, 156– 7, 226, 258 Kos, cmdr. 27– 8, 98– 9, 226– 7, 265 Koskinou 124n, 158n, 197, 199 Koufa 58 Kremasti 27, 58, 77, 79, 128n, 209 Kritinia 57 Kryvitziotes, Theodoros 17 Kypriotti, Costa 235 kyr , kyra (honorifics) 52– 3, 57, 61– 2, 108, 138 La Chappelle, cmdr. 172, 265 La Finicha, loc. 211, 213 La Romagne, cmdr. 222 Lachania 27, 76– 7, 79 Laerma, cas. 19, 38, 56, 146n, 148, 159, 176 Lagodi, Leo 178– 9 lambs 42, 62, 279 lamps 97, 237, 241, 256– 7, 270– 1 lance, lancers 34, 84, 86

309

INDEX

Lancemari 276, 278 Lanfranco de Placencia 93 landholding 17– 18, 22, 26, 40– 1 et passim  land register, lack of 41 langues  10– 11, 22, 29, 40 et passim  Laparda, Manoli 180 Lapreda, Asclanus de 204– 5 Lardos 46, 61, 76n, 269 Lardos, cas. 21– 2, 25– 6, 29, 34– 5, 46, 88– 92, 162– 4, 193, 215– 7, 219, 225– 6, 245– 8 Lardos, castle 30 Largentier, Vaxillus 258– 9 Laskaris, Theodore 16 Lastic, Fr. Pons de 253 Latins 4– 5, 9, 16– 17, 21, 23, 25– 6, 28– 9, 34– 41, 43, 51– 2, 61– 3, 69, 79, 90, 92, 162– 4, 199, 201, 207, 215, 217, 247– 8 et passim  Latin archbishop 38– 9, 47, 51, 53, 170, 213– 14 Latin artists 68 Latin cathedral chapter 73 Latin church on Rhodes, the 39 Latin churches 48, 59– 60, 62– 3, 68– 70 Latin rite 59n, 60, 62 laudimium  10, 36, 38, 45, 95– 6, 98, 100– 3, 107– 8, 111– 19, 121, 123– 5, 128– 33, 136– 9, 140, 142, 145, 147, 149– 50, 154, 156, 159– 60, 164, 171, 175, 185, 189, 197– 8, 233, 244 Laureus  (Lavros?) 22 Lavadioti, Dimitri 178– 9 law 10, 12, 36, 46– 7, 213– 15 Laze vogadoro  117 leasing 9– 10, 22, 24, 33, 36– 40, 44, 55, 228 et passim  Lelos 136n, 147– 8 Lelos, cas. 38, 193– 4, 198 lemons, lemon trees 44, 48 Lengueglia, Fr. Filippo di 256 Lentini, cmdr. 275n Leone, Alamana heiress of Nicoletta 35, 260– 2 Leone, Antonio de 110– 11 Leone, Domenico de 94– 5 Leone, Georgio de 237, 240, 282– 3, 286 Leone, Lascarina de 237, 240 Leone, Lose de 150, 286n Leone, Nicholai de 110– 11 Leone, Nicolay de 276– 7 Leone, Nicoletta de 35, 177– 8, 260– 2 Leone family 37, 261n

Leoninus 138 Leoparda, vines and goods of 167 Leros 36, 82– 3 Lesbos 18 Lescure, Fr. Raymond de 122, 125– 6, 132, 172– 3, 237– 8, 256 Lescure, Fr. Stolon de 265 Lespano, Johannes 223 Leuci , cmdr. 275 Levalani , cas. 151– 2 Levant, the 62 Leviste, Fr. Johannes 265 Liazuch, master 138 Liazuch, Petrus 138 Liber Insularum Archipelagi  71, 73– 9 Libity de Zipro, serf 28, 121 library 55, 74n Libri bullarum  2; see also  Magistral registers Liç a, Nicoletta de la 187– 8, 261n Lt. of the Master in Cstlny. Amposta 88 Lt. of the Master in Italy 183– 4, 186– 7 Lt. Masters 8, 83– 4, 89– 93, 110– 11, 151– 2, 178– 81, 199– 202, 205– 7, 210– 11, 213– 15, 223, 226– 9, 233, 237– 8, 242, 260, 263, 265– 70, 272, 275– 8 Ligotetos carthofilax , papas  54, 192– 3, 204– 5 Lihori, Fr. Gil de 265 Limassol 21, 82, 84 Lindos 3, 24– 5, 40– 3, 62n, 78, 104n, 131, 160 Lindos, akropolis 30, 62 Lindos, ancient ruins 70, 75– 8 Lindos, borgo/burgum  25, 28, 30, 47, 53, 121, 131 Lindos, cstln. 26– 7, 62, 88– 91, 226– 7, 265– 7 Lindos, cstlny. 88– 91, 106 Lindos, castle 16, 18– 19, 25– 30, 47, 58, 77, 121, 131, 265– 7 Lindos, castle church 58, 62 Lindos, castle prison 30, 165, 265– 7 Lindos, chorion  22n Lindos, churches 25, 47, 52– 3, 57– 8, 62 Lindos, port 15, 24, 47 Liothiari, lo  141 Lippi, Stepi 209 Lippo, cas. 178– 9 Lippo, Nicolino de 35, 37, 179n, 215– 17, 219, 225– 6, 232 littera fratris  106n

310

INDEX

liturgical items 54, 205, 212 Liuron, Fr. Jean de 188 Liveri , loc. 109 livres/gros tournois  7, 84– 7, 135 loans 35, 38, 167, 200, 202 Lombardy, Pr. 233, 256 Lomelini, Pietro 274 lordship 34, 36, 46, 92, 162– 3, 173, 215– 16, 247, 250 et passim  Loros  (Lavros?), cas. 38n Lorrain, Pierre le 258 Lorraine, cmdr. 222 Losa  148 Loze, quir  138 Luca, Nichola 170 Lugnos, Nicolaos 113 Lumbardi, Fr. Arnaud 180 Lunachicani, Anthonius de 258– 9 Lunachicani, Rolandus de 258– 60 Lurin, landholder 244 Mabromatus, land of 128– 9 macellum Rodi  203– 4 macellum burgi Rodi  211– 13 macellum  tax 154 Macriduca child of Asca 143 Macrigeni, Janni, papas  53, 55, 98 Madonna of Apollona 70 Madonna of Filerimos 68– 70 Magaluciano, Doffis 255 magasena/magasina/magasins/magazena/ magazens  168– 9, 202– 4, 211– 12, 270– 1, 276– 8 Magdalena, nun 57 magister scutifer  180, 265 magisteria sergentaria  28, 227– 8 Magistral registers 1– 2, 4, 8, 40– 1, 43n, 57, 81, 93, 102, 260 magna et comunis platea  203 Mahissens, Fr. Garsia de 228– 9, 265 Maistrisse, Maria 43 Maistrisse family 62n Malanguy , lo  147– 8 Mallorca, cmdy. 165 Mal Regart, Fr. Louis de 265 Malona 206 Malpasso 44– 5, 68, 109, 154– 5, 254– 5, 280n Malrepast, cmdr. 258 Mamluks 32, 42– 3, 69 Manchia, Adeneto de 243 Mandachi, Georgius, de 120

Mandeos, Michalis 93– 4 mandrachium see  harbours Mandrachium antiqum  202– 3 mandraki/mandre/mandria/mendre see  sheepfolds Mandriko 283, 286 Mangafadena, Maria 129– 30, 222– 3 Mangavli 128n, 221, 225, 243, 279– 80 Manglaviti, Leo/Leonus 129– 31, 133 Manglaviti, Manolus 129– 31 Manglaviti, Marinus 130– 1 Maniliis, Fr. Raymundus de 161– 2 Manio , cas. 187– 8 Manole 57 Manuel II, emr. 69 manumission 36, 41– 3, 47, 53, 120, 134, 153, 165– 7, 171 Manze, Fr. Pierre de 265 Manzolino, Thoma, notary 149 maps 4, 31, 55n, 64– 5, 71– 9 marasio , marassium see  marsh, meadow Margarita, serf 165– 7 Margarita of Negroponte, Sr. 36, 38, 47, 114– 15, 120, 122, 124– 6 Maria, slave 120 marinarii  10, 20, 43, 183, 199, 201 marinarii , register of 199, 201 Marini, Johannes 143 Marino, Gorgios 115 Maritza 55 Marmara, lands of 178– 9 maroniti , Johannes, slave 51, 120 Marra, Fr. Beltramo de 211, 213 marriage 23, 28, 35, 41– 3, 51– 2, 62, 84, 86, 165– 6, 259– 61, 282, 285 Marsellio, Fr. Elie de 179– 80 marsh 10, 45, 114, 177– 9, 283 Marshal, the 22– 3, 29, 82, 84, 88– 9, 150– 2, 210– 11, 213– 14, 227– 8, 233– 4, 237– 8, 253– 4, 256, 268– 70 Marshal, Lt. of 151– 2, 265 Martha, calogera  (nun) 57n Martini, Fr. Guillermus 161 Martini, Guillermus 28, 39, 100– 1 Martoni, Nicola de 71 Mary Mother of God, dedication to 202– 3 Mas Deu, cmdr. 165 Masco /Masto  148 mass see  religious services Massani, Nichola 144 Massari 45, 58, 282n

311

INDEX

Master, Hospitaller 8, 10, 21– 6, 31, 35, 37, 39– 40, 43– 7, 49, 51– 2, 54, 57, 60, 62, 70 et passim  Master’ s animals 46 Master’ s chamberlain 82, 84 Master’ s chaplains 165, 183 Master’ s consiliarii  37, 90, 213– 14 Master’ s cook 54, 107, 139– 40 Master’ s country residences 26, 29– 31, 37, 49 Master’ s cubicularius  231 Master’ s doctor 134– 5 Master’ s falconer 44 Master’ s familiares/famuli  24, 39, 82, 84, 90, 107– 8, 128– 9, 134– 5, 142– 4, 170– 1, 184– 5, 215– 19, 221– 2, 223– 5, 230– 2, 243, 244, 246– 7, 249 Master’ s farrier 223, 254 Master’ s hospice/household 39, 82, 84, 132, 142, 149, 153– 5, 159– 60, 176 Master’ s household, seneschal of 24– 5, 45, 132, 149– 50, 153– 5, 159– 60, 176 Master’ s incomes 24– 5, 38, 45 Master’ s officials or agents 24– 5, 33, 37, 45 Master’ s palace, camera magna cubicularia  211, 213 Master’ s phisicus  287– 8 Master’ s powers 21– 3, 25, 46 Master’ s procurators 24– 5, 49, 197, 199, 201, 206– 8, 210, 220– 2, 224– 5, 227– 8, 230– 1, 263– 4, 269 Master’ s viridarium  236 matacetus  199, 201 Matito, Duquena daughter of 115– 16 Mauregard, Fr. Louis de 265 Mauro, Theodorus 276, 278 Mauvoisin, Fr. Mondon de 188– 9, 191– 2,  194 Mauvromata, Maria 236 Maydis, Irina, atoumissa  61 Maydis, Konstantinos, kyr  61 meadows 10, 45, 105, 114, 177– 8, 215, 237, 239, 247, 251 measures, measurement 8, 26, 44, 154, 199n meat 44, 146, 154– 5 meat market see macellum  medici see  doctors Megalaco,  con. 127– 8 Megaligny , vyd. 128n Megaliqui , vyd. 128n, 279– 80 Melene, Erini 191– 2

Melessovonos, hill 114 Meligalo, Costa, papas  123– 4 Meligalo, papas  96– 7 melons 44, 51, 253– 4 men-at-arms 27 Mendoza, Rodrigo de 227 Menllini, Nicholaus 221 mercenaries 11, 27– 8, 83, 181– 2 merchants 16, 18, 69, 84, 120, 199, 201 merum et mixtum imperium  34, 46, 92, 162– 3, 215– 16, 247, 250 Messenagros 58 Messina, Pr. 82n Messina, Pry 274– 5 Mesta, cas. 135– 6 Micaladena  141 Micali [(Ca)vulla?], mill keeper and slave 120 Michael the Deacon 57 Michael VIII, emr. 16– 17 Michali, papas  144 Michali, Georgios, papas  194 military service 23, 27– 9, 34– 5, 37, 84– 7, 90, 92, 162– 4, 177– 8, 215, 217, 247– 8 milites, secular 34, 37, 63n, 68, 84– 7, 175– 6, 241, 243, 250, 282– 3, 287 mill keeper 36, 120 millers 51 mills 3, 15, 41, 45– 8, 50, 54, 59n, 92, 98, 104– 5, 109– 10, 112, 116, 120– 2, 124– 6, 139, 148, 160, 163– 4, 170n, 172, 184, 186, 193– 5, 202– 3, 211– 12, 215, 228– 30, 237, 239, 241– 3, 247, 251, 276, 278 mills, construction of 24, 41, 112, 120– 1,  160 Mimodena de Jacuti 143 Mirabel, Fr. Bertranet de 219– 220 miracles 70, 77 Mirambel, cmdy. 220n Mirodi, Vestiariti 55, 59, 168– 70 Mirtia, mill of 41, 46, 160 Mirtomie , cas. 253 Misquena, Maria 170– 1 Mistago , loc? 100 Mitercassus, falconer 137– 8 Mitilineos, Manoli 168– 9 Mixi, con. 254– 5 modia /moggia  8, 29, 43, 116, 127, 203– 4, 206 modiates 8, 26, 39, 41 et passim  Molari, Fr. Alamanus de 119– 20

312

INDEX

Mollo, Anemina to 236 monasteries 10– 11, 15– 17, 19, 30, 39, 46– 7, 52– 9, 63, 68, 70– 1, 75– 7, 98, 115n, 135n, 147– 9, 158n, 161n, 168– 70, 281– 2 monastic archives, absence of 2 monastic properties 17, 37, 39, 54 Moncada, Fr. Guillem de 221, 225 Mondaro, ter. 155– 6 Mondragon, Fr. Dragonet de 151– 2 Mondredena, Grivas 114– 15 Moni Amartos 57n Moni Eleussa 115n Moni Kameiri, church and monastery 56, 58, 282n monies 7– 8, 24, 45, 56, 131– 2, 142, 154– 5, 161, 189– 90 et passim  monks 11, 19, 52, 55– 7, 68, 75– 6, 123n, 281– 2 Monolithos 30, 76n Monopiguado  100– 101 Montaigu, Fr. Eudes de 82, 84 Montaigu, Fr. Jean de 265– 7 Montcalm, cmdr. 275 Mont d’ Or/Montdorė  222n Monte Alto, Fr. Georgius de 209 Monte Corbeyon, Fr. Odoard de 229– 30 Monteaurum , Fr. Aymon de 222 Montecatino, Bartolomeo de 162– 3 Montefia, Fr. Giorgio de 274 Montemagno , Fr. Albrecht de 139– 40 Montpellier, cmdr. 195– 6, 225– 6 Montsy, Perrinus de 244 Morea, cmdr. 265 Moresco, Andrea 18 Moresco, Lodovico 146– 7 Moresco, Pietro 146 Morians, Raymondus de 223– 4 Mormans, cmdr. 222 Morosini, Fr. Antonio 63n mortars 28 mortati , gunners 232 Morterolles, cmdr. 234 morti , mortirum  42, 93– 4 mos francorum , baptism according to the 165– 6 Mosculus, hospicium  of 134– 5 Mota, Fr. Anselmo de 219– 20 Mount Artamitis (Atavyros) 17, 55n, 75, 147– 8 Mount Filerimos 63, 143n Mount Langria 286 Mount Mesovouno 114n

Mount Paradissi 58 Mount Profitis Ilias see  Mount Saint Ilias Mount Saint Ilias 77, 114– 15, 147– 8, 155– 6, 283, 287 Mount Saint Stephen 31, 45, 59 mountains 15, 19, 56, 63, 68, 75– 7, 81, 114– 15, 143n, 147– 8, 155– 6, 283, 287 mules 44, 84, 86, 184, 281 Muntanyana, Santa Maria de, Pr. 165 Munte, Fr. Guillaume de 244– 5 Muntzingen, Fr. Johann von 267– 8 Mur, Fr. Juan de 63, 253– 4, 263– 4 murder 46, 51, 156– 7, 258– 60, 278 Muscopoliti, Leo 235 Muslims 49n, 51; see also  Arabs, Mamluks, Ottomans, Turks Mutis, Buchius de 213– 14 Myrtonas 232, 261n, 283, 286 Myrtonas, cas. 23, 37– 9, 104– 5, 150, 237, 239, 286n Myrtonas, water mill 46, 237, 239 Naillac, Fr. Philibert de, Master 35, 49, 69– 70, 81, 260– 3, 275– 8 et passim  Nantouillet family 68 Nantouillet, Regnault de 68 Naples 197, 204, 243, 258 Naples, cmdr. 183– 4, 186, 193– 4, 202– 3,  210– 13, 219– 22, 224– 6, 230– 1, 237– 8 Naples, florins of 7– 8, 48, 181– 2, 189– 90 Naples, k. Louis of 258– 9 Narbonne 93, 142 naucherius  34, 85, 87 naval service 10, 34, 85; see  galley service, marinarii  Navarre, Pr. 88, 134– 5 Navarro, Johannes 194 Nayme the Syrian 54, 120– 1 Negroponte, cmdr. 265 Negroponte, diocese 51 Neocorio 22n, 38 Neocorio, cas. 38, 104– 5, 180– 1, 193– 4, 198, 237, 239 Neocorio, terrenum  283, 286 Nicaea, Nicaeans 16 Nicetas, kyr  57 Nicholaus, vines of 232 Nicola, papas  180 Nicolaus the Syrian 278 Nictitari 283, 287 Nigro, Paulo de 168– 9

313

INDEX

Nisyros 32, 34, 54, 61, 245– 7, 250– 1, 264, 269 Noarrieu, cmdr. 161, 167 nobility, Greek 33 nobility, oath on 251 nobles 34, 37, 84– 7, 90, 173, 177, 182, 187, 189, 211– 12, 215, 217– 19, 221, 243, 245– 7, 250– 1, 263– 4, 274, 283 Nogaret, Bernard de 144, 217– 18 Nom Dieu, cmdr. 167 notarial office see scribania  notarial registers 2 notaries 8, 24, 46, 52, 71, 82– 4, 91– 3, 125, 127, 140, 149, 173, 213, 234, 237– 240, 242– 3, 246, 258, 287– 8 nuns 11, 55– 7, 62 O Venetos  37, 102– 3 oak tree 137– 8 oarsmen 34, 85, 87; see also marinarii  Occa , loc. 34, 104 Occeno , vyd 255 Octonere , ter. 253 Odiquitis, Georgios, papas  204– 5 officials 11, 18, 24– 5, 44, 46, 56, 82– 3, 199– 200, 272– 3, 279 oil 44, 97, 191, 212 oil mill 46, 55, 98 oil vats 48 olives 15, 44, 102– 3, 104– 5, 237, 239 Omorfinos, Michali 118– 19 omotes, omoti  24, 281– 2 Ongle, Fr. Pierre d’  88 Ongle, Fr. Simon d’  282– 3 oppida  27, 32, 75– 9 oppression 199– 200 oranges 44, 48 orchards 45 Orouggaichi, Bernardus 171 Orsanis, Fr. Bertrand de 153– 5 Orsini, Giordano, Cardinal 74n Orte, Fr. Raymundus de 143 Orthodox 11, 19, 51– 2, 54, 62n Otra , loc. 121 Ottomans 3, 32, 49n Our Lady, mass of 271 Ow, Fr. Arnald de 265 oxen 44– 5; see also  plough oxen Oxia , loc. 106 packhorses 84, 86, 92, 162– 3, 215, 217, 269, 247– 8 paintings see  frescoes, ikons

Palaiologos, John Komnenos 16– 18 Palamida , con. 137– 8, 175– 6 Paliokastro 19, 30 Palmerola, Fr. Pedro de 194– 5 Palude, Fr. Andrea de 222– 3 Pangallo, Costa 238, 242 Pangalo, Nichola, papas  104 Panghi , loc. 185, 264 Panizzati, Fr. Buffillo 197– 8, 210– 12, 226– 7, 237, 240 Panparatis, Vianesio de, notary 93 papal arms 38n papal collector 278 papal interventions 38– 9, 185– 6 papal letters 76n papal licenses 40 papal registers 2, 180 papal schism 49 papates  11, 42– 3, 49, 51– 7, 60– 2, 96– 8, 102– 3, 104, 107– 8, 123– 4, 137, 140– 1, 144, 158– 9, 164, 168– 9, 174– 5, 180, 185, 192– 4, 204– 5, 209, 235, 269 papates , children of 43, 52– 4, 62, 204– 5 papates , wives of 52, 62 Paquereti, Nicholaus 258– 9 Paradissi 58, 61, 63, 75, 144n Parambolino 43, 45, 49, 59n, 75– 7, 183– 4, 264, 269 Paramolino, Manoli 133– 4 parchment 85, 93– 4, 102, 150, 178, 180, 215 pardon 25, 46, 156– 7, 258– 60 Pardovounon, Kos 18 parichi  41, 42n Paris 74, 256, 258, 264– 5 Paris, cmdr. 182, 189, 196 Parma, Fr. Ruggiero de 54, 107 Parmeni, cas. 151– 2 parva commendatoria  200, 202 Paschalis, Johannes 276– 7 Passerotus, land of 108 Passimade , con. 46, 183– 4 pastimes, depicted 68 pasture 45, 75– 6 Paternò , cmdr. 275 Patriquiro, Michali 41, 112 patronage 24, 68 patroni  199, 201 Pauleti de Gardia, Nicholaus, notary 84 Pausedieu, Fr. Pierre de 63, 270– 2 Pavia 162 Paxa , ta , vyd. 238

314

INDEX

pears 44 Pé corade, cmdr. 161, 167 Pedrica, Vincentius 262 Pegolotti, Francesco Balducci 7– 8 Peleci, Theodoros 170– 1 Pelicano, Theodoros 41, 160, 170n Pelion, Kos 18 pena sanguinis  23, 34, 46– 7, 90, 92, 162– 4, 215– 16, 247 Pendia , cas. 38, 159 Pennevere, Fr. Jean de 233– 4, 237– 8 perangaria  42, 93– 4, 153 perfume 53 Peregrini, Sancius 221– 2, 289 Perpinias, Ioannis 93– 4 Peruzzi 37, 48, 82, 84 Petra Rossa, Bartolomeo de 94– 5 Petrolifus, possessions of 115 Petrus, abp. Ephesus 128 Peyrolus de Negroponte 29, 127 Pé zenas, cmdr. 236 Philipi, Georgios 102 Philipi, Manuel 123– 4 Philippo, Manoli 135– 6 Phinikas, Cyprus, cmdr. 153– 4 Phoiniki, Chalki 58 Phonias, river 136 physicians 88– 91, 287 Picholino, vyd. 135– 6 Picholo, Niquita 107 Pierre I, k. of Cyprus 44 pigs 46 pilgrims 4, 16, 17n, 27, 63n, 68– 71 piliers 11, 40, 233, 237, 240– 1, 270– 1 Pins, Fr. Gé raud des 88– 91 Pins, Fr. Roger des, Master 81, 153– 4, 237, 240 Pippa, Guillermus 287– 8 pirates 17– 18 Pisa, document dated at 258, 260 Pisa, Bulgarino of 17 Pisa, Pr. 25, 88, 124– 6, 153– 4, 183– 4, 197, 227 Pisani, Nicoletto 154 pitancia  155, 237, 241 Pitharion  146– 7 Pizolla, papas  54, 204– 5 place names see  toponyms plague 40 plains 15, 33, 75– 6 plant/sow, obligation to 37, 41, 102– 3, 109– 10, 120– 1

Plaroto, mill 116 Platania 22n, 38n Platanos  283, 287 plate 56, 281– 2 platee  11, 102– 3, 109, 112– 13, 146, 169, 203, 244– 5, 276– 8 Plati, river 223n Platipotamo , loc. 222– 3 Plinanovova , hill 147– 8 ploughs 44, 55, 148– 9, 151, 153 plough oxen 24, 45– 6, 208– 9 plums 44 Plutarch’ s Lives  70– 1 Politi , loc. 96 Politis, Michael 190 Pollicastro , loc. 157 polyptych 61 pomegranates 44, 184– 5 Pont Merveno, cmdr. 229 popes 12, 20, 40, 51, 173, 186, 211 population 19– 20, 33– 4, 49 population movements 40, 52, 57 Pordalectora , hill 148 pork 44 Porta Arnaldi, Rhodes town 211, 213 ports see  harbours Portovenere, Antonio de 109 Potamos, river 127n, 177 pottery 3, 50n, 54n, 75, 78 Prato, Nicholay de 276, 278 prayer 53– 4, 68 preceptor see  commander preceptory see  commandery Prematico, Michael 168– 9 priests 9, 52– 4, 56, 59, 73 priests, Greek see papates  priests, Hospitaller 11, 20, 38, 60, 62– 3, 69, 97, 195– 6, 241 priests, Latin 51, 63, 196, 210, 212 private churches 10, 41, 52– 4, 59, 140 privileges 20, 35, 42, 56, 162– 4 Prior of the Convent see  Convent, Prior of proceres  11, 22– 3 et passim  Procida, Guglielmo di 51 procuration payments 39 Prodomata , hill 148 professores  in law 47, 213– 14 Profitis Ilias, church or mon. see  Saint Ilias property, transmission of 22, 34, 36– 43, 52– 7 protoi  11, 24, 53, 55– 6, 98, 101– 2, 281– 2

315

INDEX

Provence 28, 36, 43, 51, 165– 6 Provence, langues  of 233, 265 Provins, cmdy. 189 Provins, Fr. Pierre de 182, 189– 90, 196 Psalmist, the 93 Psinthos 57– 8, 62, 104n, 122n, 129n, 152n, 158n Psiquidali  283, 286 Psitu , spring? 104 Puig-Reig, cmdy. 165 Pulcra Arbore, Johannes de 249 punishment 23, 26, 29, 31, 34, 46– 7, 49, 82– 4, 90, 92, 162– 5, 186, 194, 215– 16, 247, 265– 8, 282, 285 puppies 258– 9 Puteo, Fr. Bertrand de 226– 7 Puteo, Fr. Raymundus de 195– 6 Puy Vinault, Fr. Aubert de 234 Puysubran, cmdr. 151– 2 Qaraqum/Quaraqum  146 Quarteri, Bonifacio 93 Quesala, Nichola 143 Quilidonia , hill 141 Quinovati  283, 287 Quiparissi , con. 55, 134– 5, 168 Quiporia , con. 217– 8, 249 Quiporia , Saint John, con. 55, 168– 9 Quipparasovunom  146 Quipparici , vyd. 279– 80 Quiriaco, Maria to 107 Quiriati, papas  108 Quirmiquiri, papas  108 Quironacia  282– 3 Quivida  180 Racanelli, Fr. Casano 221– 2, 231 raids see  Rhodes, attacks on Rajadell, Fr. Ramon de 229 Ranadinus de Parambolino 114– 15 Randazzo, cmdr. 275 Rat, Fr. Jean 88 Raterii, Fr. Berrardo 182 Raterii, Fr. Pierre 138– 9, 194 Raymundi, Fr. Egidius 129 Raymundi, Fr. Hugo 158, 172– 3 Raymundi, Petrus 194 Raynerii alias  Bartaquina, Anthonius 156– 7 razzias see  Rhodes, attacks on receiver general of responsions 189 recovery of possessions 167, 185– 6, 250– 2 refuge 5, 20, 29, 31, 162, 164, 233

Reillanne, Fr. Guillaume de 89– 93 relics 69 religious services 52– 3, 57, 60, 62, 97, 191, 195– 6, 203, 204– 5, 207, 210, 212, 253, 270– 2, 277– 8, 280, 282 Remocurto, Fr. Antonio de 275 rent/renting 9, 21– 4, 33, 36– 9, 41– 6, 48, 55 et passim  repairs and maintenance 18, 25, 27, 32n, 42, 54, 56, 134– 5, 199, 201, 274, 279– 81 responsions 11, 38, 106, 116, 122, 132, 139, 151– 2, 158– 60, 161, 172, 176, 182, 189, 200, 202, 244– 5 Restegelas , loc. 175– 6 Rhein, Fr. Johann zu 267 Rheinfelden, cmdy 267 Rhodes, attacks on 16– 19, 27, 29, 31– 2, 40, 42– 3, 49n, 76n Rhodes, Bailiff of 9, 24– 5, 41, 45, 63, 120– 1, 131– 2, 134, 139, 142, 160, 174– 5, 185, 190, 198, 206, 208– 10, 218– 20, 223– 4, 226– 7, 230– 3, 250, 253– 4, 263– 4, 272 Rhodes, Byzantine 16– 19 Rhodes, canon of 51 Rhodes, capitaneos  17 Rhodes, Cstln. 9, 24– 5, 110– 11, 199, 201, 224, 229, 272 Rhodes, Cstln. Lt. of 199, 218– 20, 229, 249 Rhodes, Cstlny. 24, 45, 55, 96– 7, 104n, 107– 8, 115– 16, 118n, 119n, 132, 135– 6, 137n, 149, 156– 7, 168– 9, 183– 5, 194– 5, 207– 8, 217– 20, 222– 3, 229, 249, 251n, 264, 272 Rhodes, chamberlain de  24 Rhodes, climate and geography 15– 16 Rhodes, Colossos of 70, 73 Rhodes, dean of 73, 209 Rhodes, Hellenistic 16, 70– 1 Rhodes, Hospitaller conquest 19– 20, 23, 55, 58, 82– 3, 88, 92, 168– 9 Rhodes, rights of Master 21– 2, 25– 6 Rhodes, roads of see  roads Rhodes, wall dividing island 71, 78 Rhodes town, burgenses  and inhabitants 9, 35, 37– 41, 43, 55– 6, 59, 93, 95, 99, 104– 5, 119, 146, 168, 173 ,187, 190, 193, 197, 199– 201, 203– 4, 206– 7, 210, 212, 225– 6, 237, 240, 245, 260– 1, 264, 272– 3, 279 Rhodes town, castellania  building 24

316

INDEX

Rhodes town, ‘ castle’ /castrum  73, 213n, 237– 8, 271, 274 Rhodes town, Castle Gate 270– 1 Rhodes town, chapels in 61 Rhodes town, churches near 59– 60 Rhodes town, goods sold in 44, 47, 201 Rhodes town, main harbour and mole 15– 16, 202– 3, 210– 12, 237, 242, 276– 8 Rhodes town, Marine Gate 270– 1 Rhodes town, market 44, 204n Rhodes town, population 9, 49n Rhodes town, sieges of 18– 20, 51 Rhodes town, statutes see Capitula Rodi  Rhodes town, suburbs 48, 59– 60, 128n, 191– 2, 199, 201, 204– 7, 217– 18, 249 Rhodes town, turcopoles 29, 199, 201 Rhodes town, walls 16, 18, 24, 48, 54– 6, 59– 60, 73, 74n, 110– 11, 123, 128n, 135n, 137, 140n, 188, 191, 192n, 202– 4, 205n, 210– 13, 271n, 274, 276 Rhodini 37, 39n, 139– 40, 144n, 275n Ribe, Benedictus 113 Ricardo, Margarita de 236 Richard I, k. of England 16 rights to wreck 173– 4 Rinuccini, Alessandro di Filippo 63n, 69n Risfata , well 147– 8 Rivara, Fr. Giovanni de 88 rivers 4, 26, 33, 74– 5, 77– 8, 104– 5, 111, 115, 127n, 128n, 129, 135– 6, 141, 146– 8, 174– 5, 177– 9, 187, 223, 237, 239, 283 roads 26– 7, 42, 45, 48, 50– 1, 162, 164 et passim  Rocablava, Fr. Jean de 149 Rocabrun, cmdr. 153– 4 Roclandi, Johannes 133– 4 Rodagniaco , iard. 219– 20 Roman church 51– 2, 165– 6 Roman citizens 36, 43, 134, 167 Roman law 10, 36, 46, 242n Romania  43, 61, 82 Romaniti, Manoli 204– 5 Rome, Pr. 124– 6, 153– 4 Rosieres, Henricus de 276– 7, 282– 3 Rossi, Cazaguerra de 162– 3 Rostagne, Fr. Geoffroi 88, 127 Rostolli, Tefilatus 139– 40 Ruffi, Niquita 254– 5 ruins 5, 15– 16, 18, 30, 35n, 48, 69, 74, 76n, 78– 9, 95, 100– 1, 117, 279– 80 Russians 36 rustici  29n, 39, 76n, 186, 189n, 239, 250

sacramentale  55, 168– 9 Sagondi, papas  96– 7 Saguat, Bertrandus 171 Saint Agathi, near Feraklos, church 57 Saint Armand, Fr. Antoine de 275– 6 Saint Anthony of the Latins, Kattavia, cappellania  263 Saint Anthony, cemetery 48, 60 Saint Anthony, chapel 195– 6 Saint Anthony, church 48, 59– 60, 69, 75– 7, 276– 7 Saint Athanasius, Rhodes town, con. 170– 1 Saint Catharine, hospice 69, 210– 12, 237, 242, 276– 8 Saint Christophe, cmdr. 244 Saint Dominic, chapel in auberge of Italy 237, 241 Saint Dominic, chapel in Conventual church 195 Saint Dominic, feast of 237, 241 Saint Erini, Parambolino, church 59n, 269 Saint Eufemia, chapel in Conventual church 270– 1 Saint Firisi (or Floros), Rhodes, church 48, 59, 188 Saint George Acrotiriano, church 282– 3, 286– 7 Saint George, Charaki, church 58 Saint George Chostos, Filerimos, supposed dedication 68n Saint George Chostos, Lindos, church 57 Saint George, Fr. Mathieu de 185– 6, 219– 20, 264 Saint George Kounaras, Asklepio, church 58 Saint George of Cappadocia, church 48, 59, 110– 11, 123 Saint George of the Greeks, Limassol, church 82, 84 Saint George of Nictiridioti 283, 287 Saint George Pachymachiotes, Lindos, church 52, 58, 62 Saint George Paraialiti, near Villanova, church 59n, 185, 209, 235n Saint George of the Syrians, church 28 Saint George Vardas, church 19, 58, 61– 2 Saint George Ycossi  109– 110, 129– 30 Saint George, near Massari, church 58 Saint George, outside Asklepio, church 54n Saint Gilles, langue  40, 270– 1 Saint Gilles, Pry. 233n, 270

317

INDEX

Saint Habakkuk, near Paradissi, church 58, 61, 63 Saint Ilias, church/mon. 77, 115n, 158– 9 Saint Ilias, con. 114– 15, 155, 171; see also  Mount Saint Jean du Perrot, cmdr. 229 Saint John, con. near Quiporia 55, 168– 9 Saint John Bucadane  170– 1 Saint John Baptist de Fonte , church 48, 60, 63, 69 Saint John Baptist, Archangelos, church 58, 62 Saint John Baptist, Asklepio, church 58 Saint John Baptist, Avignon, cappellania  253 Saint John Baptist, chapel in conventual church 195 Saint John Baptist, church outside walls 54, 59, 192– 3, 204– 5 Saint John Baptist, fresco of 60n, 63 Saint John Baptist, head of 60 Saint John Baptist, Kritinia, church 57 Saint John Baptist, leprosy 48, 60, 75– 6 Saint John the Evangelist, chapel in Conventual church 195 Saint John the Theologian, Koufa 58 Saint Julian, Fr. Louis de 209– 10, 235 Saint Kalinikos, outside Rhodes town, church 48, 59, 75– 6 Saint Mamas, fresco of 62 Saint Martin, church 94– 5 Saint Mary, Apollona, church 75– 6 Saint Mary Calisteni, outside Rhodes town, church 48, 54, 59, 140– 1, 192– 3, 204– 5 Saint Mary, chapel in Conventual church 96– 7 Saint Mary, Filerimos, church 63, 68– 70, 75, 77, 253, 260, 262, 276– 7 Saint Mary Hodegetria, Archangelos, church 58 Saint Mary Hodegetria, Enniameritissa, Chalki, church 57– 8 Saint Mary of the Borgo, church 51, 55, 168– 9, 274 Saint Mary of the Dormition, Afandou, church 58 Saint Mary of the Dormition, Asklepio, church 58 Saint Mary of the Dormition, Messanagros, church 58 Saint Mary Parmeniotissa, near Psinthos, church 152n

Saint Maura, outside Rhodes town, mon. 48, 55, 56n, 59, 135n, 168– 70 Saint Maurice, cmdr. 179– 80, 188, 191 Saint Menas, Lindos, church 57 Saint Michael, Camberidi , mon. 56, 281– 2 Saint Michael, Levadi , church 107 Saint (Archangel) Michael, Thari, mon. 19, 56– 8 Saint Nexans, cmdr. 236 Saint Nicholas, island and mon. 47, 56– 7, 76– 7 Saint Nicholas, Afandou, church 58 Saint Nicholas, Chalki 70, 75 Saint Nicholas visits Chalki 70, 75 Saint Nicholas, Kremasti, church 58 Saint Nicholas, Maritza, church 55, 62 Saint Nicholas, outside Rhodes town, church 59n, 61 Saint Nicholas, Rhodes town, chapel 61 Saint Niketas, Amali, Chalki, church 58 Saint Niketas, Arnitha, church 58 Saint Niketas, Mount Paradissi, church 58 Saint Onofrius, outside Rhodes town, church 48, 59, 128– 9, 206– 7 Saint Panormitis, Chalki, church 58 Saint Philip, arm of 19n Saint Phloros 189n Saint Pierre de Beaucaire, cmdr. 176 Saint Silas/Solas/Soulas, outside Rhodes, church 48, 55, 59, 135n, 168– 70 Saint Stephen, Lindos, church 53, 57 Saint Stephen, Mount see  Mount Saint Stephen, Gate of, Rhodes town 60, 188, 191– 2 Saint Stephen, outside Rhodes town, church 59– 60, 75– 7, 188– 9 Saint Tryphon 62 Saint Zacharias, Phoiniki, Chalki, church 58 Saints Cosmas and Damian 110n, 114n, 234n Saints Theodore, near Archangelos, church and loc. 50, 53, 58, 61, 101– 2 Sait, Stephanus de 244 Salakos 40, 46, 94– 5, 127n, 237, 239, 286– 7 Salakos, cas. 22– 3, 35, 38– 9, 42, 45, 48, 177, 282– 7 Salakos, con. 41, 102– 3, 104– 5, 237, 239 Salakos, stables 105, 237, 239 Salakos, tower 27, 31, 35n, 77 Salania, Gorgios de 115 Salapi, Leone 121 Saliba, Georgius 28, 104

318

INDEX

Sallebruneau, cmdr. 153– 4 Saloniqui, Erini de 120 saltings 45, 146 Salvo, Covello de 197– 8 Sanacenas, iard. 134– 5 Sanchez, Fr. Alfonso 182 Sancta Ancona , loc. 188 Sancta Ancona , spring 106 Sancta Barbara , vyd 194 Sancta Horini , ter. 137– 8 Sancta Maria de Funassa , church 106 Sancta Maria Hyctiriatisa , church 108 Sancta Maria la Piatosa  128– 9 Sancti Anarguiri , con. & loc. 113– 14, 234 Sancto Martino, Fr. Raymundus de 127– 8 Sancto Mauricio, Ricardus de 114– 15 Sanctus Elia , con. 114– 15 Sanctus Georgius Appanomeriti , poss. 138 Sanctus Johannes de Limona , loc. 96– 7 Sanctus Liancius see  Mount Saint Ilias Sanctus Michael de Psifi , con. 194– 5, 229 Sanctus Nicholaus , houses, iard. vines of 195– 6 Sanctus Niqueta , con. 244 Sanctus Theodorus , loc. 101– 2 Sanctus Zacharius  128n Sanper de Calanda, cmdr. 209 Sant’ Eufemia, cmdr. 237, 240 Sant Llorenç  de les Arenes, cmdy. 165 Sant Saturnin, Artal de 260– 1 Sant Saturnin, Bernat de 35, 37, 250, 260– 1 Santi Michaelis de Levadi , loc. 107 Santo Stefano di Monopoli, cmdr. 61, 202– 3, 210– 11, 219– 22, 224– 6, 230– 1, 237– 8, 263, 265– 6 Santo Stefano di Monopoli, cmdy. 61 Santorini, Bishop of 63n Sanudo, Marin 17, 52 Saoti, Costa, slave 120 Sarandino, Nicholaos 81, 114 sargentus see  sergeants Saronissa, Erini, slave 120 Satalia, Alexus de 244 Savari, Johannes 276– 7 Savari, Nicholas 37, 263n, 274, 276– 7 Savati, Stephanos 135– 6 Saviour, fresco depicting the 57 Scala  146 Scandalha  148 Scardena, Ianni, papas  158– 9 Schlegelholz, Fr. Hesso 195, 227, 265

Schwarzburg, Fr. Albrecht von 82, 84 Sclapia , hill 148 Scopelity, Leo 256 Scopelity, Leo, sister of 256 Screpio, Costas 143 scribania  46 scribes 4, 25– 6, 154n, 199, 201, 288 Scubaut, Fr. Jehan 258 sculpture, classical 71, 76 seashore 76, 95n, 185n, 202– 3, 209n, 264 seals 2, 8, 10, 53, 85, 94, 102, 150, 160n, 178, 180 et passim  sealing of wine 199, 201 Seguin, Fr. Nicholas 265 Selassar, Fr. Berninus de 229– 30 Seljuks 17 Selloros  118 Selve, cmdr. 125– 6, 132, 265 seneschal see  Master’ s household serfdom 43, 165– 7 serfs, servi 11, 23– 4, 36, 39– 43, 45, 47, 50– 3, 55, 92– 5, 132n, 148, 153, 163, 165– 7, 174, 177, 186, 189n, 193– 4, 198, 208– 9, 215– 16, 236, 239, 247, 250– 1, 282– 3, 285 sergeants, Hospitaller 11, 20, 27, 241 sergeants, sergentes , sergenti , sargentus  11, 27– 8, 43, 165– 6, 227– 8, 232 serpent 71 servants 11, 39, 268 servatagium  42n, 132 Serveria, Fr. Rostagnus de 131– 2, 134 servicium calamelle  42, 198 servicium sargenti  165– 6 servientes  11, 27– 8, 34, 39, 83– 4, 86, 100– 1, 104, 113, 121, 190 servitudo marina  20, 43, 183, 199, 201 Setopol, Jani 178– 9 settlement 5, 20, 33– 4, 36, 40– 1, 43, 45, 49, 84– 7, 93– 4 Sevastos, house and iard. of 168 Sexis, Bertrandus de 221, 225 Seyer, Fr. Johannes de 227 sharecropping 46 shaving, forcible 23, 47, 186, 194, 282, 285 sheep 37, 44, 46, 279 sheepfolds 10, 37, 44, 151– 2, 271, 279, 286n shepherds 44, 50– 1, 62, 151– 3 ships, shipping 17, 31, 34, 45, 85, 87, 154– 5 shop-keeper 36 shortages 36, 98– 9, 119– 20

319

INDEX

Siana 148, 164 Siana, cstln. 27, 182 Siana, castle 27, 77 Sicara, Dimitrius 135– 6 Siena, Mariano da 49n Siffi, Fr. Giovanni 197, 227 signalling 27, 31 Signet, Fr. Nicole 258 Simeoni, Niquita 222– 3 Simi, island 154 Simonis, Fr. Georgius 127 Simorra, Petrus Ramundi de 282– 3, 286 Sindria, Mormo de 141 Sinodocto , cas. 157 Siracusa, cmdr. 275 Siriori, vyd. 144 sisters, Hospitaller 271 Sitaras, papas  102– 3 Skiadhi, mon. 58 Skulucu, terra  283, 286 slaves 5, 18, 22– 3, 33, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 120, 122, 134, 154– 5, 171, 184, 280– 1 slaves, children of 36, 47, 171 Smyrna 28, 181– 2 soap 154– 5 socii  of Master 88 Sofia, serf 28, 43, 51, 165– 6 soldadarii  27; see also  mercenaries solidi  7, 155– 6 Sollorus , con. 118– 19 Solus (Soloros?) , loc. 22 songbirds 258– 9 Soqueratis, Petrus de, notary 234 Soroni 27, 77, 79, 127n Soror Margarita , tavern called 47, 124 Sotira , con. 55, 168– 9 Soulier, Fr. Nicolas 156– 7, 236 souls 61– 2, 85, 97, 120, 195, 203, 207, 211, 234, 238, 242, 257, 272, 277, 282 Spagnoli, Georgius 184– 5 Spagos , flumaria  147– 8 Spain, langue  265 Spanapallena, house of 135– 6 Spanuda, Maria, slave 120 speciarii  154, 287– 8 spolia  11, 22– 3, 36 Sponto 222– 3 springs 60, 92, 94– 5, 101– 2, 104, 106, 120– 1, 163, 184– 5, 237, 239 squires 68, 144, 170, 221, 225, 243

Squiro, Cali de, slave 120 stables 105, 237, 239 Stamatudine, Erini 237, 242 Stamatus, serf 236 Stamaty, vyd. of 183 Stanbrotio , con. 164 Statutes, Hospitaller 2, 11, 21– 5, 29, 38, 43, 45– 6, 242, 266– 7 steersman see naucherius  Stelee, Georgius 157– 8 Stilianos 276– 7 Stillos , terrenum  283, 286 stipends see  wages storage pits 47 Strapiri, Georgius 164 Stratico, Nichola 43, 183 Stratigissa, Anna 47, 213– 4 Stratigissa, vyd. of 143 streams 15, 81, 94– 5, 104– 5, 146– 8, 155– 6, 158– 9, 283, 286– 7; see also aquis pendentibus  Strozzi, Fr. Nichola de 184 Stus Pagus 148n subdeacons 52 submerged land 114 suburbia see  Rhodes town, suburbs Sudheim, Ludolf von 17 sugar corvé e see servicium calamelle  sugar factory 3, 45 sugar powder 142 sugar 3, 15, 42, 45, 142, 154– 5, 161, 210 Sugis, Constancius de 123– 4 Sullemne, Petrus 171 Sullorus  118n, 119n; see also  Selloros, Sulurus Sulurus , terr. 108 Sunyer, Alamana see  Alamana Sunyer, Bartolomeu 35, 260– 1 superior lordship/dominium  36, 97– 8, 101, 104– 6, 108, 114– 15, 119– 24, 126– 8, 131, 123– 4, 139, 142– 3, 145– 7, 149, 154– 6, 158, 160, 166, 172, 174, 179, 184, 186, 191– 2, 201, 205, 207, 210, 222, 229, 267, 291, 305, 309 Suriana, Marussa 183– 4 surgeons 157, 203– 4 Susio, Fr. Raymond de 174– 5 Susio, Fr. Raymond Guillaume de 167 syncretism 62– 3 Syria 16, 19– 20, 23– 4, 26, 28, 53, 69 Syrians 28, 41, 51, 54, 120– 1, 278

320

INDEX

taberna  36, 47, 51, 120n, 124– 6 tavern keeper 36, 120 tax collection 18, 24, 44 taxes 9– 10, 12, 42, 44– 5, 93– 4, 154– 5, 199– 201 Telecotene, vines of 178– 9 Templar brother 30n Tensac, Fr. Johannes 253 terraces 37 terre serve  42n, 123, 135– 6 territoria  95– 7, 102– 3, 108, 113, 128n, 148, 150, 178– 9, 190– 1, 196, 209, 222, 223– 4, 231, 234– 6, 279– 80, 282– 3, 286 testagium  42, 93– 4, 153 Thari, mon. 19, 56– 8 Thasena, Formice de 217– 18 Thebes 120 Thebes, Dimitrios of, papas  140– 1 Theodorus, Master’ s gardener 232 Theologos, cas. 38, 159, 179 Thessaloniki 71, 120 threshing floors 47 Tibertis, Fr. Leonardo de 88 tiles 60 Tilos see  Episkopi timber see  wood tithes 10, 39, 42, 51 Todropolo, Manoli 135– 6 Tolon, Fr. Pere 165 Tomasinus, platea  of 146 tombs 53, 78 toponyms 4, 26, 81 Tortorella, Manuel, notary 246 Toulouse, Pr. 88, 195, 237– 8, 256 Toulouse, Pry. 167n, 233n Tour, Fr. Gui de la 150 towers 3, 5, 15– 16, 19, 27, 29– 32, 35, 47, 63, 74– 5, 77– 8, 95n, 100– 1, 173– 4, 268n, 282, 284, 286n traders see  merchants Transuitis, Petrus, notary,173 traps, animal 51, 253– 4 Traquia  204– 5 travellers 3– 4, 43n, 44, 46, 48, 52, 60, 68– 71, 270 Treasury, Hospitaller 11, 22– 25, 38, 98, 144– 5, 153– 5, 182, 186– 7, 189– 90, 195– 6, 200, 202– 4, 222– 3, 280– 1, 287– 8 Trianda 27, 77, 221n Trianda, Bay of 255 Trianda, cas. 26, 190

Trianda, con. 275n Trianda, cstlny. 24, 26– 7, 77, 114n, 128n, 137– 8, 176n, 234, 254– 5, 280n Trianda, terr. 223– 4 Triandaphilo, papas  137 tribute 17 tricopleria  11, 29, 127 Trinquetaille, cmdr. 189 Triodia , ta , loc. 105, 237, 239 Tripardi, Georgius 170– 1 Tropiano, Giovanni de 287– 8 Trufem , loc. 141– 2 Tsambika, cas. 129 Tu Monomacu , loc. 102– 3 turcopoles 11– 12, 25– 9, 108– 9, 127, 193, 199, 201 turcopolier 12, 29 turcopolier, lt. of 265 Turks 17, 19, 29, 32, 40, 59n, 76n, 79, 84– 5 Turquia  34, 90, 92, 162– 3, 215, 217, 247– 8 uncultivated land 20, 26, 33, 39– 41, 92, 94– 5, 102– 3, 109, 122, 139, 155, 190– 1, 215, 239, 247, 251, 280 unguentarium , glass 53, 61n Uniate church 56 Uniates 12, 51, 62n Urban V, pope 173 urns, funerary 71 Usodimare, Ilario 237, 240 vacancies 35, 37, 53– 5, 168– 9, 205, 215, 219– 21, 223, 227– 32. 234– 6, 242, 247, 249, 253, 254– 5, 267, 275– 8 Vadallone, Fr. Guillaume de 82, 84 Vagnone, Fr. Lodovico 211, 213, 231, 265, 268 Vagueni, Maria 170– 1 Valanidi 152n Valbuena, Fr. Mendarias de 143 Valente de Rappalo, Manuel de, notary 213 Vallaco, slave 120 Valle, Fr. Nicholas de 192, 206, 227 valleys, canyons 33, 75, 105, 147– 8, 237 ,  239  Vallins, Fr. Luce de 256, 267– 70 Vaor, cmdr. 149 Vardalata, vyd. 236 Varenne, Fr. Guichard de 265– 7 Varnari, hospitium  of 204– 5

321

INDEX

Vasilika 27, 31, 75– 8 vassals 34, 189, 205, 216, 245– 8, 254, 261,  284– 5 Vassili see  Master’ s cook Vastagno , lo , campus  117 Vastarquine, Exeni 191– 2 Vatatzes, John 16 Vathiuriana  94– 5 Vati 41, 46, 112 Vayanus, lands of 118– 19 Vaysani, Theodoros 144 vegetables 44– 5 Velesio, Fr. Durand de 228 vendiciones  45, 142 Venetians 16– 18, 36– 7, 103, 176 Venetian ducats 7 Venice 7, 16 Venice, Pr. 88, 227 Vensinplia  106 Vensseriis, Fr. Bartolomeo de 106 Veregichi, Manuel 113 Vernhas, Guillermus 127– 131 Verona, Hugolinus de, notary 91– 2 Vervori , cas. 46– 7, 55, 148 vestments 54, 204– 5, 282 Viena, Angillas 236 Vierges, Fr. Guillem 209 Vigianos, land of 111 viglocomites  29 Vignoli, Ferrando de 35, 193, 215, 225– 6,  247 Vignoli, Folco de 23, 34, 88– 92, 162– 3 Vignoli, Simone de 35, 245– 6 Vignoli, Stefano de 35, 225– 6, 245 Vignoli, Vignolo de 18, 21, 33, 82– 4, 88, 90, 92 Vignoli family 22, 34– 5, 37, 225– 6 Vilanis, Fr. Guillermus de 161 Villaescusa, cmdr. 182 Vilafranca, cmdr. 228 Vilafranca, Fr. Pere de 225 villages 5, 16, 19, 21, 23, 31, 33, 49– 50, 53, 71, 74– 8; see also casali  villani  39, 92, 162– 4, 174, 186, 189, 194, 215, 247, 250, 282, 285 Villanis, Fr. Guillermus de 175– 6 Villanocio, Bartolomeo, notary 149– 50 Villanova 25, 49, 51– 2, 59n, 62, 75, 185, 209, 256, 275 Villanova, cas. 28, 43, 165– 6 Villanova, castle 26– 7, 31, 37, 77, 183, 190– 1, 235

Villanova, castle chapel 62, 183, 191 Villanova, cstln. 190, 226– 7, 232– 3 Villanova, cstlny. 24, 28, 178– 80, 183, 232, 235– 6 Villanova, Master’ s garden/gardener 45, 154, 183, 232 Villanova, hill of 144, 209 Villanova, terr. 113, 190– 1, 209 Villaret, Fr. Foulques de, Master 2, 29– 30, 81– 2, 84– 5, 92, 146 Villariis, Fr. Guillermus de 62, 190– 1 Villefranche-sur-Cher, cmdr. 234 Villehardouin, Guillaume de 16 villeins see  serfs Villeneuve, Fr. Hé lion de, Master 28, 81, 90– 1, 96– 7, 109– 10, 146– 7, 162– 3, 165– 6 vinculo servitutis  171 vines/vineyards 15– 16, 22– 3, 26, 28– 9, 37– 9, 41– 2, 44, 47– 50, 55, 62, 76, 81 et passim  Virgin Mary, cult, feast and images 68– 70 Virgin Mary, feast of 210, 212 Virgin Mary Calisteni see  Saint Mary Calisteni Viscount of Rhodes see  Roserius, Henricus de visitation 25, 29, 39 visitors to Rhodes see  travellers Vitico, Leonardus 53, 281– 2 Volero, Jorgius de 113– 14 Volpe, Fr. Arnaudus 227 Volta, cmdy. 227 volta , magna volta  200, 202, 276– 7 vows, religious 20 wages 28– 9, 85, 87, 127, 154– 5, 171n, 227– 8, 242, 287– 8 walled properties 5, 31, 50, 67– 8, 70, 101– 2, 124– 6, 172 walled villages 31, 50n, 78 Walter of England, Fr. 82, 84 waste land 40– 1, 95, 109, 117n, 130– 1, 141, 155– 6, 191 watch, watch duty 11, 27, 31, 42, 93– 5, 199, 201; see also  guard duty watch towers 5, 19, 29– 32, 78 water 45– 6, 81, 107, 114, 122, 139, 160, 163, 173, 186, 215, 247, 250– 1 water mills 15, 41, 46, 104– 5, 112, 148 water rights 46, 107, 160 wax 8, 23, 34, 90, 92, 97, 154– 5, 191, 196, 212, 215, 217, 247– 8

322

INDEX

wedding, country 51, 258– 9 weights 7– 8, 100n, 154– 5, 199n weights, office of 44, 276– 7 wells 37, 48, 101, 107, 147– 8 West, the 9, 20– 1, 23, 25, 45, 71, 84– 5, 167, 192, 250, 260 West, the, registers produced or kept in 2, 4, 8 wheat 29, 47, 127, 206 widows 35, 47, 57, 156– 7, 222– 3, 260– 2 wild animals 253 wills 43, 52, 123, 261 Winchester, Anthony son of William 238– 243 Winchester, William of, notary 243 windmills 46, 48, 50, 124– 6, 193– 5, 202– 3, 212, 237– 8, 241– 3, 278 wine 16, 23, 38, 43n, 44, 48, 102– 3, 161, 193– 4, 199– 201, 206, 210, 237, 241, 244– 5 wine barrels, masters of the 276, 278 wine jars 244– 5 wine, commerchium  on 199– 200 wine, sealing of 199, 201 witnesses 28, 52– 3, 214n, 253– 4 wives 28, 34– 5, 52, 56, 61– 2, 68, 84– 6, 90– 1, 157, 165– 6, 171, 177, 217, 233, 237, 258– 62, 285 women 43, 51– 2, 54– 5, 57, 62, 71, 189n, 258 wood 18, 42, 44– 5, 154– 5, 282, 284

woods 16, 92, 106, 122, 139, 163, 177, 186, 215, 239, 247, 250– 1, 283 workable land 111 Wotton, Fr. Thomas see  Hauton written records 2, 21– 2, 25– 7, 33, 37, 53, 57, 81 et passim  written records, lack of 43, 109– 10, 146– 7, 165– 6, 190 Xatmar, Fr. Francesc 182 Xatropula, Nicola 174– 5 xili , men of Lindos exempted from 42 Xomia, Nichola 133– 4 Yacladopi  94– 5 Yacxi, Ferrandus 171 Yclimaquides  94– 5 Ysmailh, Antonius 171n Ysmailh, Martinus 171 Ysob, Iohannes 171 Zacharomylos, sugar factory 3, 45 Zachoniti, Johannes 184– 5 Zangra, Micali 144 Zenede, Georgius 93– 4 Zenede, Johannes 93– 4 Zenede, Manoli 93– 4 Zenede, Nicola 93– 4 Zinodotu , cas. 104 Zonariti, Nichola 143 Zuli, Nichola 135– 6

323