The Chinese Rhyme Tables: Volume II [1 ed.] 9781003411451, 9781032533155, 9781032533162

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The Chinese Rhyme Tables

As the second volume of a two-volume set that studies the Chinese rhyme tables, this book seeks to reconstruct the ancient rhyme tables based on the extant materials and findings. A rhyme table is a tabulated tool constituted by phonological properties, which helps indicate the pronunciation of sinograms or Chinese characters, marking an accurate and systematic account of the Chinese phonological system. The book first explores the relationship and identifies the prototype of the extant rhyme tables. Then the principles and methods for collating and rebuilding the ancient rhyme table are introduced. It then looks at the general layout, including tables, table order, shè, zhuǎn, rhyme heading, rhyme order, light and heavy articulations, rounded and unrounded articulations, and initials. The final chapter presents the reconstructed rhyme tables with detailed annotations and add-on indexes. The book will appeal to scholars and students studying Sinology, Chinese linguistics, and especially Chinese phonology. Pan Wenguo is a tenured professor and doctoral supervisor at East China Normal University and the honorary president of the Chinese Association for Comparative Studies between English and Chinese. He is a renowned linguist and has had a significant impact on fields of Chinese linguistics, including sinogram ontology, word formation, and rhyme divisions, and also Chinese-English comparative studies, translation theory and practice, and linguistic philosophy.

China Perspectives

The China Perspectives series focuses on translating and publishing works by leading Chinese scholars, writing about both global topics and China-related themes. It covers Humanities & Social Sciences, Education, Media and Psychology, as well as many interdisciplinary themes. This is the first time any of these books have been published in English for international readers. The series aims to put forward a Chinese perspective, give insights into cutting-edge academic thinking in China, and inspire researchers globally. To submit proposals, please contact the Taylor & Francis Publisher for the China Publishing Programme, Lian Sun ([email protected]) Titles in linguistics currently include: Modern Chinese Grammar IV Special Forms and Europeanized Grammar WANG Li Singapore Mandarin Grammar I Lu Jianming Cognitive Neural Mechanism of Semantic Rhetoric Qiaoyun Liao, Lijun Meng Singapore Mandarin Grammar II Lu Jianming Automated Written Corrective Feedback in Research Paper Revision The Good, The Bad, and The Missing Qian Guo, Ruiling Feng, and Yuanfang Hua The Chinese Rhyme Tables Volume II Pan Wenguo For more information, please visit https://www.routledge.com/China-Perspectives/book-series/CPH

The Chinese Rhyme Tables Volume II

Pan Wenguo

First published in English 2024 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2024 Pan Wenguo Translated by Li Zhiqiang, Henry M. Allen, Fang Qiyi, and Zhao Xiaojun The right of Pan Wenguo to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. English Version by permission of East China Normal University Press Ltd. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-1-032-53315-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-53316-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-41145-1 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003411451 Typeset in Times New Roman by Apex CoVantage, LLC

Contents

List of Tables PART III

vi

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

1

1

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

3

2

The Principles and Methods Used for Reconstructing the Ancient Rhyme Tables

26

3

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

30

Afterword to the Chinese Edition Bibliography Index

255 261 262

Tables

1.1 1.2 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

A Statistical Study of the Inconsistencies Between the Yùnjìng, Qīyīn lüè, and Wángyùn Historical Strata of the Development of the Ancient Rhyme Tables The Situation Resulting From the Comparison of the Three Books of Rhyme Tables Catalog of the Ancient Rhyme Tables Initial Categories in the Rhyme Tables The Reconstruction of Sixteen Rhyme Gatherings An Index for the Annotations of Rhyme Tables With the Reference of Categories and Tables

12 20 27 34 150 150 240

Part III

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

1

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables Pan Wenguo

An examination of the arrangement of the extant rhyme tables reveals that the rhyme tables closely match the rhyme dictionaries that preceded them. Thanks to their format, the rhyme tables can reflect the phonological categories of the rhyme dictionaries in a more striking and comprehensive manner. In some cases, the rhyme tables also correct the shortcomings of the sinographic liaisons in the rhyme dictionaries so that we can learn about what is not apparent from the liaisons (such as the unrounded and rounded properties of certain liaisons).1 Therefore, these tables are undoubtedly important for us in reading and using the rhyme dictionaries and studying the pronunciations of the Suí and Táng dynasties. To give full play to the various functions of the rhyme tables, it is necessary to obtain a set of faithful and reliable rhyme tables that can reflect the contents of the original rhyme dictionaries as well as the principles of their composition. This means a book of rhyme tables that is as close as possible to the original set of rhyme tables in the Táng dynasty. In the trial study of Volume Ⅰ, we took the Wángyùn and transformed it into rhyme tables. This work of rhyme tables should be faithful and reliable to the Wángyùn and not be far from the form of the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè. However, a gap remains between “not far” and complete faithfulness. What is the gap? What is the reason for the gap? Being faithful to the Wángyùn does not mean that this work of rhyme tables is the original book of rhyme tables, because in fact the ancient rhyme tables were not compiled according to the Wángyùn. In short, although this method is simple and easy to implement, it is not convincing enough. It is better to start from the extant rhyme tables to explore and determine the original appearance of the ancient rhyme tables through comparative study. To do so, it is first necessary to have a basic knowledge and evaluation of the extant books of rhyme tables reflecting the rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series in middle antiquity. 1.1 The various extant rhyme tables Among the books of rhyme tables reflecting the rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series, there are six types of rhyme table books that were published in the Sòng and Yuán dynasties: the Yùnjìng, the Qīyīn lüè, the Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué, the Qièyùn zhǐzhǎngtú, the Sìshēng děngzǐ, and the Jīngshǐ zhèngyīn qièyùn zhǐnán. DOI: 10.4324/9781003411451-2

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There are also six types of rhyme table books that were compiled by the literati of the Qīng dynasty:2 the Děngyùn qièyīn zhǐnán before the Kāngxī dictionary, the Sìshēng qièyùnbiǎo (四聲切韻表 The table of the Qièyùn of the four tones) written by Jiāng Yǒng, the Qièyùn kǎo: wàipiān written by Chén Lǐ, the Qièyùn qiúméng written by Liáng Sēngbǎo, the Děngyùn jílüè written by Páng Dàkūn, and the tables attached to the beginning of the Yīnyùn chǎnwēi (音韻闡微 An exposition of Chinese phonology) written by Lǐ Guāngdì (李光地) and Wáng Lánshēng (王蘭生). In these 12 kinds of rhyme tables, the Qièyùn zhǐzhǎngtú, Sìshēng děngzǐ, and Jīngshǐ zhèngyīn qièyùn zhǐnán resulted from the merging of rhyme tables such as the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè based on different principles. Because these works of rhyme tables did not retain the original positions of the 206 rhymes, they deviated from the original principle of the rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series to a certain extent. The Děngyùn qièyīn zhǐnán is but a reprint of the Jīngshǐ zhèngyīn qièyùn zhǐnán. The Yīnyùn chǎnwēi, which was ostensibly written according to the Píngshuǐ rhyming system, actually followed the Wǔyīn jíyùn written by Hán Dàozhāo. Both of these works are distant from the Táng dynasty. Therefore, these books of rhyme tables are definitely not the original ancient set of rhyme tables. Except for their use in providing collected sinograms for reference, they can be left aside until the development history of rhyme tables is further studied. Strictly speaking, Jiāng Yǒng’s Sìshēng qièyùnbiǎo and Chén Lǐ’s Qièyùn kǎo: wàipiān are not books of divisional rhyme tables. Jiāng Yǒng mixed his archaic phonological theory into the rhyme tables he produced, while Chén Lǐ only used rhyme tables as the footnote for his Qièyùn kǎo. Most of the sinograms in the rhyme tables were inherited from their predecessors, neither of which is of much use for the study of the prototype of rhyme tables. As one of the two books of rhyme tables in the strict sense, the Qièyùn qiúméng written by Liáng Sēngbǎo was mainly compiled following the pattern of the Guǎngyùn. However, in Liáng Sēngbǎo’s Qièyùn qiúméng, the collection of sinograms is not limited to the first sinograms of each of the minor rhymes in the Guǎngyùn, which is rather arbitrary and does not conform to the principles of rhyme table compilation. For the sake of his own theory of phonological divisions, Liáng Sēngbǎo made many revisions to the ancient rhyme tables. For example, he strictly separated the heavy labials from the light labials and the apical alveolars from the dorsoprepalates. He chose to strictly separate the sinograms of the 微 wēi initials (which are now pronounced as [m] and categorized as light labials in other books of rhyme tables) and listed them in division Ⅳ. In addition, he arbitrarily deleted some minor rhymes in the Guǎngyùn. In the preface to the Sìshēng yùnpǔ (四聲韻譜 Rhyme spectrum of the four tones), which is attached to the Qièyùn qiúméng, Liáng Sēngbǎo said that he only deleted nine minor rhymes. In fact, he deleted far more minor rhymes, for example, the 抾 qū minor rhyme of the 之 zhī rhyme, 豻 àn minor rhyme of the 删 shān rhyme, 幒 zhōng minor rhyme of the 腫 zhǒng rhyme, and qiā minor rhyme of the 麻 má rhyme. Other minor rhymes were placed in the wrong positions. For example, 䀵 shùn of the 之 zhī rhyme, liaised as 式 shì 其 qí, should have been placed in division Ⅲ but was placed in division Ⅱ; 俟 sì of the 止 zhǐ rhyme, liaised as 牀 chuáng 史 shǐ, should have been placed in division Ⅱ but was placed in division Ⅲ; zhuì of the

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

5

旨 zhǐ rhyme, liaised as 止 zhǐ 姊 zǐ, should have been placed in division Ⅲ but was placed in division Ⅱ; 劑 jì of the 支 zhī rhyme, liaised as 遵 zūn 爲 wéi, should have been placed in division Ⅳ but was placed in division Ⅱ. By comparison, the Děngyùn jílüè written by Páng Dàkūn is much better. This book is characterized by its strict use of the first sinograms of the minor rhymes from the rhyme dictionary and its strict adherence to the ménfǎ of rhyme divisions. Páng Dàkūn’s research was very rigorous and corrected many of the errors in the Qīyīn lüè. Prior to my reconstruction of the rhyme tables, I had only read Páng Dàkūn’s theory without carefully studying his rhyme tables. After I finished my reconstruction of the rhyme tables and compared Páng Dàkūn’s rhyme tables with mine, I found many similarities in the choice of sinograms and the research conclusions. I cannot help but applaud Páng Dàkūn’s work. Considering that the only texts Páng Dàkūn had access to were the Guǎngyùn, the Jíyùn, and the Qīyīn lüè (as well as the Qièyùn zhǐzhǎngtú, which is of little use in this context), but not the Yùnjìng, Wángyùn, or any of the other remnants of the rhyme dictionaries from the Táng dynasty that we have access to today, it is quite impressive that Páng Dàkūn was able to arrange the rhyme tables so clearly. Of course, Páng Dàkūn’s shortcomings are that he was too blindly loyal to the ménfǎ rules. He did not realize that there were contradictions in the ménfǎ rules, not to mention his failure to realize that the contradictions of the ménfǎ rules in fact reflected the phonological situation of different historical periods. He made use of ménfǎ rules such as gèyùn búdìng and chuànglì yīnhé in his rhyme tables, which went against the original appearance of the ancient rhyme tables. The greatest shortcoming of the two rhyme tables by Páng Dàkūn and Liáng Sēngbǎo is their ambitious attempt to create a set of all-encompassing rhyme tables, which is also the primary shortcoming of the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè. These books collected all the sinograms available into their compilations, regardless of whether they were from the Guǎngyùn, the Jíyùn, or even the Yùpiān. Such a method blurred the boundaries of different historical periods in the development of rhyme tables, which is detrimental to displaying the phonological features that are reflected in the earliest rhyme dictionaries and rhyme tables, not to mention to the study of the development of the rhyme tables. Therefore, to study the original appearance of old rhyme tables, we had better start from the early extant works of rhyme tables, which are the Yùnjìng, the Qīyīn lüè, and the Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué. The first preface to the Yùnjìng written by Zhāng Línzhī was published in 1161 AD; the Qīyīn lüè written by Zhèng Qiáo was published in 1162 AD; the preface to the Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué was written by Zhù Bì himself in 1241 AD. All three works are quite close chronologically. However, the Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué was deeply influenced by the Huángjí jīngshì: shēngyīn chànghétú (皇極 經世·聲音倡和圖 A rhyme table reflecting the dialectal pronunciations of Biànliáng and Luòyáng of the Sòng dynasty in the Huángjí jīngshì) written by Shào Yōng, which reflected the pronunciations of Biànliáng and Luòyáng in the Northern Sòng dynasty and was apparently based to a great degree on the sinograms in the Jíyùn and Lǐbù yùnlüè. Therefore, the ancient material preserved in this book is not

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as substantial as that in the Yùnjìng or Qīyīn lüè. Furthermore, this book was compiled under the guidance of the yin-yang divination theory, so the arrangement of the rhyme tables is distinct from that of the tables in the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè. It is only in the process of compilation that Zhù Bì referred to Fāng Shū’s (方淑) Yùnxīn (韻心 Mind of the Qièyùn), Yáng Tán’s (楊倓) Yùnpǔ (韻譜 Rhyme spectrum), and the Zǒngmíngyùn (總明韻 General rhyme tables) written by the literati of the Jīn dynasty.3 All of these rhyme tables mentioned are not extant and are related to the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè. Therefore, in the study of the selection of sinograms and divisions in the ancient rhyme tables, the Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué is still a useful reference. Among the extant rhyme tables, the most valuable texts for the study of the ancient rhyme tables are the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè. With regard to the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè, we must first clarify two issues: (1) Are these two books of rhyme tables from the same source or the “descendants” of the same ancient rhyme tables? (2) Are these two books of rhyme tables from the same historical period?

1.2 The Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè originated from the same ancient rhyme tables of the Táng dynasty On the first question, it is now generally accepted that the two books of rhyme tables are from the same source (someone even specified this source to be the Qīyīn yùnjìng [七音韻鏡 Rhyme mirror of seven initial categories]), and we agree with this view. In Volume I of this book, we compared these two books of rhyme tables with four other rhyme dictionaries—the Wángyùn, Guǎngyùn, Jíyùn, and Lǐbù yùnlüè. The similarity rates ranged from above 85% to over 55%. This proves that the rhyme tables are inextricably linked to the rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series. However, are the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè based on particular rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series, or do they have the same origin? This problem has not been clarified yet. Here we will continue the discussion of this issue. In Volume I of this book, we rejected the notion that the rhyme tables were based on the Yùnlüè, but there are several other possibilities. On the surface, the Yùnjìng seems to be most closely related to the Guǎngyùn, and in the comparison between rhyme tables and rhyme dictionaries, they were the most similar, with some tables even reaching 87% overlap, which is a close match. Although the similarity between the Jíyùn and the Qīyīn lüè is not as high as that of the Guǎngyùn and Wángyùn, the Qīyīn lüè collected a large number of sinograms that are only found in the Jíyùn, which is beyond the reach of other rhyme dictionaries and rhyme tables (only the Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué is close to it). Therefore, would it be possible that the Yùnjìng was written based on the Guǎngyùn and the Qīyīn lüè was written based on the Jíyùn? The answer is no. The Yùnjìng was not written based on the Guǎngyùn; Lǐ Xīnkuí has already conducted a comprehensive comparison in his Yùnjìng yánjiū.

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

7

Here is one example from his book, the first table containing four rhymes of the 東 dōng rhyme group: In the 東 dōng rhyme, there is a sinogram 豸牛 yóng. This sinogram is only found in the Yùpiān and cannot be found in the Guǎngyùn or any other rhyme dictionaries. There is a sinogram 肜 róng. In the Guǎngyùn, this sinogram was also categorized into the minor rhyme 融 róng just like other rhyme dictionaries. This sinogram is not given a specific sinographic liaison, which apparently means that it was added to the rhyme tables. In the 董 dǒng rhyme, there is a sinogram 桶 tǒng, but the first sinogram of this minor rhyme in the Guǎngyùn is 侗 tǒng instead of 桶 tǒng. There is a sinogram 忄赣 hǒng, which belongs to the 匣 xiá initial, but in the Guǎngyùn, this sinogram belongs to the minor rhyme 嗊 hǒng, liaised as 呼 hū 孔 kǒng and belongs to the 曉 xiǎo initial. There is a sinogram 䏊 lǒng, and in the Guǎngyùn it is written as 曨 lǒng. In the 送 sòng rhyme, there is a sinogram 摓 fèng, but in the Guǎngyùn, 摓 fèng belongs to the minor rhyme 俸 fèng of the 用 yòng rhyme. There are sinograms 夢 mèng and 蠓 mèng. As for the big and small aperture of these two sinograms, the Yùnjìng and the Guǎngyùn are opposite in their classifications (in the Yùnjìng, 夢 mèng belongs to division Ⅰ and 蠓 mèng belongs to division Ⅲ; in the Guǎngyùn, 蠓 mèng is liaised as 莫 mò 弄 nòng and 夢 mèng is liaised as 莫 mò 鳳 fèng). There is a sinogram 凍 dòng, but in the Guǎngyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 涷 dòng. There is a sinogram 甕 wèng, but in the Guǎngyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 瓮 wèng. 甕 wèng is the rhyming head sinogram of the rhyme dictionaries in the Táng dynasty, so it can be inferred that the rhyme tables collected this sinogram according to the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. There is a sinogram 閧 hòng, but in the Guǎngyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 哄 hòng. In the 屋 wū rhyme, there is a sinogram 熇 hù. In the Guǎngyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 嗀 hù. There is a sinogram 朒 nǜ. In the Guǎngyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 肭 nù. There is a sinogram 塾 shú. In the Guǎngyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 熟 shú. There is a sinogram 畜 xù. In the Guǎngyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 蓄 xù. Now let us look at the Qīyīn lüè. Through a contrastive study between the Qīyīn lüè and the Yùnjìng, it can be found that the sinograms collected in the Qīyīn lüè are apparently divided into two parts: most of the sinograms that are not found in the Yùnjìng but are found in the Qīyīn lüè are borrowed from the Jíyùn, whereas the sinograms that are collected in both works are not based on the Jíyùn. The most obvious difference can be found in the rhyme headings. This is true for the

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rhyme tables and for the collected sinograms. Here we will continue taking as an example the first rhyme table containing four rhymes of the 東 dōng rhyme group. In the 東 dōng rhyme, there is a sinogram 烘 hōng, but in this position in the Jíyùn there are two minor rhymes, 灴 hōng and 魟 hóng, none of which take 烘 hōng as the first sinogram of the minor rhyme. There is a sinogram 矗 chù, and in the Jíyùn there is 蟲 chóng, which is a mistake due to the graphic similarity. There is a sinogram 葱 cōng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 怱 cōng. There is a sinogram 戎 róng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is róng. In the 董 dǒng rhyme, there is a sinogram 董 dǒng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 蕫 dǒng. There is a sinogram 桻 fēng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is bèng; There is a sinogram 桶 tǒng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 侗 tǒng. There is a sinogram 總 zǒng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 緫 zǒng. There is a sinogram 曨 lóng, and in the Jíyùn, there are two minor rhymes 籠 lóng and 鸗 lóng in this position but neither takes 曨 lóng as its first sinogram. In the 送 sòng rhyme, there is a sinogram 粽 zòng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 糭 zòng. There is a sinogram 謥 còng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is còng. There is a sinogram 哄 hòng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is hòng. There is a sinogram 烘 hòng, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 戇 gàng. The Jíyùn still has the minor rhyme 走臭 xiòng in this position whereas the Qīyīn lüè does not. In the 屋 wū rhyme, there is a sinogram 撲 pū, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 攴 pū. There is a sinogram 瀑 pù, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 僕 pú. There is a sinogram 獨 dú, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 牘 dú. There is a sinogram 瘯 cù, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 蔟 cù. There is a sinogram 蓄 xù (belonging to the 曉 xiǎo initial), and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 畜 xù. There is a sinogram 菊 jú, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 匊 jū. There is a sinogram 趜 qū, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is qū.

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

9

There is a sinogram zú, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 摵 sù. There is a sinogram 叔 shū, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 尗 shū. There is a sinogram jú, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 驧 jú. There is a sinogram 縠 hú (belonging to the 曉 xiǎo initial), and in the Jíyùn this sinogram belongs to the 匣 xiá initial while a minor rhyme 嗀 hù is under the 曉 xiǎo initial. There is a sinogram 粥 zhù, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 祝 zhù. There is a sinogram 郁 yù, and in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of this minor rhyme is 㦽 yù. It is indisputable that the sinograms collected in the Qīyīn lüè are different from the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the Jíyùn. Interestingly, however, a portion of the sinograms collected in the Qīyīn lüè are not found in the Yùnjìn but are only found in the Qīyīn lüè. The first table of the two rhyme dictionaries has the sinograms fēng, dōng, yōng, and tóng in the 東 dōng rhyme; 湡 yǒng and 嵸 cǒng in the 董 dǒng rhyme; 矗 chòng in the 送 sòng rhyme; and 簇 cù in the 屋 wū rhyme. All of the sinograms in the Qīyīn lüè are found in the Jíyùn and none of them are found in the Guǎngyùn.4 Therefore, the Yùnjìng was not based on the Guǎngyùn, and the Qīyīn lüè was not based on the Jíyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, the traces of additions to the original rhyme tables based on the Jíyùn are obvious. As we know, the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty were rarely available in the Sòng dynasty. Once the Guǎngyùn was released, it had an overwhelming influence on the rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series. Because the collected sinograms and minor rhymes of the Jíyùn are much greater in number than those of the Guǎngyùn, the Jíyùn turned out to be quite popular for ancient literati studying Chinese philology who wanted more materials (as is indirectly evidenced by the additions to the Qīyīn lüè with reference to the Jíyùn). If any work of rhyme tables existed in the Sòng dynasty, it would have had to be based on either the Jíyùn or the Guǎngyùn. Because neither of these two books were taken as the reference, the rhyme tables that the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè refer to could not have been made in the Sòng dynasty. This can be proven by the rhyme tables themselves. Many similarities between the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè exist, although they are all inconsistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. First of all, from the formal point of view, it can be found that both of these texts originated from the same set of ancient rhyme tables. As has been established, rhyme tables are the product of a meticulous process of summarizing and organizing the phonological categories of rhyme dictionaries. There is certainly more than one way to organize rhyme dictionaries. However, as was found in Volume I of this book, a similar process was used in the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè to arrange rhyme tables. This makes it hard to believe that they could have had different sources. In

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particular, even if (1) the results of summarizing the phonological categories of the rhyme dictionaries; (2) the principle that “division” should be regulated first according to dental initials and then according to the collocation of initials and rhyme categories; and (3) the treatment of such specific issues as 來 lái, 日 rì, 于 yú, and 喻 yù are all exactly the same (in fact, for different authors, it was very hard for them to be “exactly the same” in these three cases, especially considering that different authors would choose different rhyme dictionaries, which would lead to considerably different results), there might still be different ways of merging rhyme tables according to the same 16 rhyme gatherings, such as the methods employed by the Shǒuwēn yùnxué cánjuàn before the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè5 and the Jīngshǐ zhèngyīn qièyùn zhǐnán after the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè. Even if, in this case, they were still exactly the same—if the methods we have explained were all adopted—there might still be different types of rhyme tables produced, such as works with 43, 44, 46, and even 48 tables.6 However, both of these books have 43 tables, and the positions of each rhyme in the tables are almost the same. (The only problem is with the 廢 fèi rhyme; the positions of the 咸 xián rhyme gathering are different in these two books, but the position of each rhyme within the 咸 xián rhyme gathering is still the same.) It would be difficult to say that the two books are coincidentally identical to each other. Second, from the content, it can be found that this “same ancient rhyme table” is the work of the Táng dynasty. The rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty have been mentioned in a previous analysis of the inconsistencies between the Yùnjìng and the Guǎngyùn and the inconsistencies between the Qīyīn lüè and the Jíyùn. This comparative analysis determined that the prototype of the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè might have been based on a certain rhyme dictionary of the Táng dynasty. A careful study of these two books shows that they cannot have copied each other. In addition to the fact that some sinograms are exclusively collected in one of the two books, even the sinograms collected in both books have different graphical forms. However, despite all of these differences, one case is always consistent with one of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. For example, in the cases cited in the first table of the two rhyme dictionaries, the sinograms in the Yùnjìng that are consistent with those in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty are 怱 cōng, 蟲 chóng, 菶 běng, and 糭 zòng, whereas the corresponding sinograms in the Qīyīn lüè are inconsistent, 葱 cōng, 矗 chù, 桻 fēng, and 粽 zòng. The sinograms in the Yùnjìng that are inconsistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty are 忄赣 hǒng, 閧 hòng, and 畜 xù, whereas the corresponding sinograms in the Qīyīn lüè that are consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty are 澒 hòng, 哄 hòng, and 蓄 xù. If these examples of “consistency” are also consistent with the Guǎngyùn, then the following two examples are even more obvious. (1) 甕 wèng and 瓮 wèng (the former is from the Yùnjìng and the latter from the Qīyīn lüè, which is the order that will be used for citing sinograms from both texts hereafter): the sinogram 瓮 wèng is first found in the Guǎngyùn and is also the first sinogram of the minor rhymes in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. However, the first sinogram of the minor rhymes in the rhyme dictionaries of

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

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the Táng dynasty is 甕 wèng. In this case, the Yùnjìng is consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. (2) 驧 jú and jú: 驧 jú is the first sinogram of the minor rhyme in both the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, whereas the first sinogram of the minor rhyme in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty is jú. In this case, the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. As we pointed out in Chapter 4 of Volume I, considering the relationship between the rhyme tables and the rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series, the focus of the comparison between them should not be on what the various rhyme dictionaries have in common with the rhyme tables but particular cases in which they are inconsistent with the tables. In this way, the relationship between the rhyme tables and the rhyme dictionaries can be better specified. We also noted that, as a general rule, in the development of the rhyme tables, only later and more authoritative rhyme dictionaries would be used to revise and add to the rhyme tables, and outdated rhyme dictionaries that had lost their influence would not be used. Based on these two principles, it can be concluded that the previous two examples illustrate that the prototypes of the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè are based on the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. Of course, two examples are too few for such a conclusion, but these are the only proofs found in the first rhyme table. More examples are mentioned later in Chapter 3 in “Annotations to the Ancient Rhyme Tables.” Therefore, both the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè are all based on a certain rhyme table of the Táng dynasty, but in the course of their development, each of these rhyme dictionaries added something of their own. 1.3

Historical period in which the rhyme tables developed

The second question is whether the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè are both works of the same historical period. In fact, this question has already been answered in the previous section. The two rhyme dictionaries have been dated to the Southern Sòng dynasty and are based on the same ancient rhyme table of the Táng dynasty. The features of these two rhyme dictionaries are rather different, so obviously they are not works of the same historical period. The question now is: how did this historical process unfold? To answer this question, we compared the rhyme tables arranged according to the Wángyùn with the Yùnjìng, Qīyīn lüè, Guǎngyùn, and Jíyùn and referred to various remnants of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty to identify nearly 1,800 inconsistencies. We grouped various problems from these inconsistencies and categorized them into a statistical table (see Table 1.1). In Table 1.1, the column “Both Are the Same” indicates that the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè have the same content in this case. That is, if a certain sinogram is added to either of the rhyme dictionaries, it will be in the other, or if a certain sinogram is used or added based on a certain rhyme dictionary, then both the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè are consistent with that rhyme dictionary for that sinogram. It goes

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Table 1.1 A Statistical Study of the Inconsistencies Between the Yùnjìng, Qīyīn lüè, and Wángyùn Nature of the Problem

Materials Error Missing

Yùnjìng Qīyīn lüè Both Are the Same 178 80

205 82

14 /

40 61 68

89 29 22

2 5 66

Mistake Misalignment Recurrence According to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn) Sinograms Referred to According to the Jíyùn Referring to Others According to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn) Added Sinograms According to the Jíyùn Referring to Others Total

Wángyùn

Total

48 Only Present 67 in the Wángyùn

445 229 131 95 156

/ 21

63

50

134

118

112

110

340

28

26

154

55

138

31

21

27

0

670

793

432

Omitted in the Wángyùn

48

256

224 /

48 163 2058

without saying that the two remaining columns, “Yùnjìng” and “Qīyīn lüè,” refer to the respective content in these two books. In the table, “mistakes” refers to miswritten sinograms, generally as a result of similar graphic forms. “Missing” means that one of the tables is missing this sinogram. That is, the sinogram is found in either the Yùnjìng or the Qīyīn lüè but not both and is found in one of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty such as the Wángyùn. It is difficult to explain the situation when a sinogram is missing in both books but can be found in the Wángyùn because the Wángyùn is not the standard to which the ancient rhyme tables refer. Therefore, we added a separate entry, “Only Present in the Wángyùn,” to indicate this situation. “Misalignment” refers to misplaced sinograms in the rhyme tables, for example, sinograms placed in division IV instead of division III, “secondary voiceless” instead of “voiceless” of the five initials, division IV instead of division I of the entering tone, or “voiceless” of the dental initials instead of “secondary voiced” of the lingual initials. What we want to explain here is that the determination of divisions does not exactly follow the principle we mentioned in Volume I, with the awareness that we should avoid the extreme attitude of excluding anything

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inconsistent with our viewpoint. Instead, we objectively studied the examples of these two books of rhyme tables and avoided making changes where the two books are the same (there are only two exceptions, which will be mentioned later). For example, in the two books, the newly added sinograms are often placed in division III, whereas the original sinograms are pushed to division IV. In particular, in the four rhymes of the 清 qīng rhyme group, all the sinograms that should have been placed in division III are placed in division IV. We do not consider these cases “misalignment.” It is only when the position of a sinogram is treated differently in the two books that we selectively consider one of them wrong. There are two kinds of “recurrence”: One is the recurrence of the same sinogram or different sinograms in the same minor rhyme, the recurrence of a sinogram in both division III and division IV, the recurrence of a sinogram in both rounded and unrounded rhymes, or the occasional recurrence under the categories of “voiceless” and “second voiceless” initials. The other is the recurrence of a sinogram in several different rhyme groups, which can only be found in one rhyme group in the rhyme dictionaries, such as the recurrence of 硬 yìng in the 敬 jìng and 諍 zhèng rhymes. “Sinograms Referred to” shows which sinograms are listed in the rhyme tables but are inconsistent with the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the Wángyùn and the corresponding sinograms in the Guǎngyùn, Jíyùn, and others. The entry “According to the Jíyùn” is easy to understand because it is certainly not consistent with the Guǎngyùn. The entry “according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)” is so named because the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn are difficult to distinguish between—the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn are probably the same. In this case, we only chose those appearing in the Guǎngyùn. “Referring to Others” indicates sinograms listed in the rhyme tables that are not consistent with the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the Wángyùn, Guǎngyùn, or Jíyùn, some of which match the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, some of which match the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the Lǐbù yùnlüè, and some of which are of mixed or unknown origin. “Added Sinograms” are the sinograms in the two rhyme tables that are not found in the Wángyùn. In this entry, “according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)” is the same as the previous one, and we only chose the sinograms found in the Guǎngyùn. In this line, there is a “Missing in the Wángyùn” category, which indicates sinograms collected in rhyme tables that are not found in either the Wángyùn or the Guǎngyùn but can be found in the remnants of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. This entry can also be merged with the entries “Both Are the Same” and “According to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)” because the sinograms not included in the Wángyùn are found in the remnants of the Táng rhyme dictionaries and also often found in the Guǎngyùn. Therefore, it is hard to determine whether the rhyme tables were originally compiled based on the Táng rhyme dictionaries or were added later according to the Guǎngyùn. In this column, the entry “Referring to Others” indicates the sinograms that are not found in the Wángyùn, the Guǎngyùn, the Jíyùn, or other remnants of the Táng rhyme dictionaries. It also indicates sinograms without a corresponding minor rhyme and even sinograms that do not belong to the recurrence or misalignment categories. This entry therefore indicates the most difficult parts of the rhyme tables.

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We tried our best to make these statistics as accurate as possible (the statistical breakdown is attached at the end of this book, from which the reader can see which sinogram of which rhyme table is referred to by each entry. See Table 1.1). However, I am afraid this is still a relatively rough statistical table for two reasons: first, our purpose in comparing these materials is not to conduct detailed textual research but to obtain a rough picture of the ancient rhyme tables. Therefore, we have not conducted a detailed study of the editions of these materials. In the process of the study, the versions we mainly referred to include: the version collected in the Gǔyì cóngshū (古逸叢書 A collection of uncompiled ancient books). Qīyīn lüè: the version collected in the Wànyǒu wénkù (萬有文庫 Allencompassing library); also the version collected in the Sìbù bèiyào. Wángyùn: the version collected in Zhōu Zǔmó’s Tángwǔdài yùnshū jícún; also Lǐ Róng’s Qièyùn yīnxì. Guǎngyùn: the version collected in the Gǔyì cóngshū. Jíyùn: the imitation Sòng dynasty–style typefaced version collected in the Shù Gǔtáng (述古堂 Library collecting the classics), photocopied by the Shanghai Classics Publishing House; also the version collected in the Wànyǒu wénkù.

Yùnjìng:

The remnant rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty: see Zhōu Zǔmó’s Tángwǔdài yùnshū jícún, with the titles of the rhyme dictionaries referring to those in the Shíyùn huìbiān. Lǐbù yùnlüè: Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué:

the version collected in the Sìbù cóngkān (四部 叢刊 series of classics in four sectors). the version collected in the Sìkù quánshū zhēnběn chūjí.

Besides the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty such as the Wángyùn, these texts all have various versions. Although we believe that the differences and similarities between these versions did not affect our conclusions or results, they did affect the accuracy of the statistics about the sinograms, which is inevitable. Considering the incompleteness of the various rhyme dictionaries in the Táng dynasty, the statistical inaccuracy caused by the scant materials need not be mentioned. Second, the materials themselves are not convenient for statistical analysis because sometimes one sinogram has multiple statuses. For example, a sinogram is added according to the Jíyùn, but it is also a miswritten sinogram (many such cases are found in the Qīyīn lüè), and sometimes it is even found in the wrong position. There are also cases when some sinograms are “referring to others” but also the “recurrence” of other minor rhymes. In such cases, it is often difficult to decide whether it should be counted as a single or double occurrence. For example, the Yùnjìng has the sinogram 計 jì in the 廢 fèi rhyme. One scholar held that計 jì was

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originally a sinogram in the 霽 jì rhyme, which was wrongly moved here, and therefore it should be counted as “recurrence.” However, I think this is a miswritten sinogram of 訐 jì in the Jíyùn (Páng Dàkūn also held this opinion). This is an easy example. Some cases are harder. For example, the Yùnjìng has a sinogram 瀱 jì in the 祭 jì rhyme of the 16th table, and this sinogram is in the rounded minor rhyme 猘 zhì belonging to the same rhyme and the same initial. However, the Jíyùn has a minor rhyme 劂 jué in the same phonological position. The question is whether this is the recurrence of rounded and unrounded rhymes in the Yùnjìng or a graphical mistake “according to the Jíyùn” (in fact the two sinograms are far from identical in their graphical forms). In this book, I chose to regard it as a recurrence. There are many such cases that are hard to determine, so it is unavoidable that the conclusions might be somewhat subjective. Therefore, the categorization here is far from complete, even though the total number of entries is over 2,000, which exceeds the number of entries we have used for our statistical basis. However, we still think it is possible to analyze the rhyme tables and their development based on these statistics. From the table, two issues can be observed: 1 Problems in the original rhyme tables and in their additions (1) The compilation of the ancient rhyme tables is rather rigorous, following regulations and principles. Let us study the points of “Both Are the Same.” First, there are no cases of “Referring to Others”–“Added Sinograms,” which means that the original rhyme tables strictly followed the rhyme dictionaries when the rhyme tables were being arranged. The addition of new and strange sinograms are only the activities of later generations who referred to the later and other rhyme dictionaries to supplement the rhyme tables. Second, although 110 cases of “Sinograms Referred to”– “Referring to Others” exist, according to our analysis, there are 74 cases when the sinograms are consistent with the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty and 17 cases when the sinograms are consistent with the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the Lǐbù yùnlüè. Only 19 sinograms do not belong to the category of first sinograms of the minor rhymes (it is highly possible that these sinograms are also the first sinograms of the minor rhymes considering the lack of rhyme dictionaries in the Táng dynasty).7 Therefore, when the rhyme tables were produced, a key principle was to list the first sinograms of the minor rhymes according to the rhyme dictionaries. While Lǐ Xīnkuí made his inference theoretically, we proved this principle through statistical analysis. However, such conclusions are more applicable to the shared prototype of the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè. In the time of the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, some sinograms began to be randomly selected in the rhyme tables. The same principle can be used to study “Sinograms Referred to”—“Referring to Others” of these two books of rhyme tables. Table 1.1 shows us that, among 118 sinograms of the Yùnjìng, 14 are

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found in the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, 15 are found in the Yùnlüè, and 89 are not found in any extant rhyme dictionaries. Similarly, among 112 sinograms of the Qīyīn lüè, 9 can be found in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty and in the Yùnlüè, whereas 94 are not found in any extant rhyme dictionaries. This might be because, in the Sòng dynasty when many of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty were lost, people found that the sinograms of the rhyme tables were not completely consistent with the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the Guǎngyùn. They mistakenly held that the sinograms of the rhyme tables could be used randomly. Later, Liáng Sēngbǎo in the Qīng dynasty declared that the Qièyùn qiúméng could be compiled by following the Guǎngyùn as its guideline, which violated the principle of referring to the rhyme dictionaries and proved rather improper. Third, there are only 14 sinograms for the entry of “Both Are the Same”–“Error”: 斲 zhuó (3·22), cǔ (11·13), 孩 hái (13·5), 攋 là (13·37), 褹 yì (13·48), 殳頁 yuè (18·47), 言 yán (21·21), 券 quàn (22·26), 㵷 biàn (23·73), 藞 lǎ (29·22), 眨 zhǎ (31·73), qiè (31·79), and 鶪 jú (37·29)

màn (33·12),

The first number in the parentheses indicates the rhyme table number (located at the back of this book), and the second indicates the annotation number in the rhyme table. For example, (3·22) is the 22nd annotation for the third rhyme table. This aims to enable readers to easily check these references. This applies to all of the examples given here. What deserves our attention are the sinograms 攋 là and 㵷 biàn. Both the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè added these two sinograms according to the Jíyùn, and both made the same graphical mistakes. It is likely that one of these books of rhyme tables made a mistake in adding the sinograms, and, in the process of circulation, they were copied by another set of rhyme tables.8 If this inference is feasible, it is worthwhile to study the common mistakes of both books following this principle. Fourth, there are only five sinograms for the entry of “Both Are the Same”– “Recurrence”: 囩 yún (17·13), 版 bǎn (21·12), 眅 pān (21·13), 徧 biàn (21·40), and 殺 shā (21·51). The middle three of these sinograms are labial sounds, and the last sinogram 殺 shā is in division Ⅱ of the 山 shān rhyme gathering. This is the most troublesome remnant from when the rhyme tables were merged, probably due to careless handling. As for the sinogram 囩 yún, the true case of recurrence, we suspect that this is also a mistake caused by the transcription and copying of the two books of rhyme tables. Fifth, there are two cases of “Both Are the Same”–“Misalignment”: 覱 zhàn (32·35) and 鯫 zōu (40·25). In the Jíyùn, the sinogram 鯫 zōu is liaised as 才 cái 垢 gòu, which can also be regarded as an added sinogram according to the Jíyùn. The sinogram 覱 zhàn should be placed in division I according to its sinographic liaison, but it is placed in division Ⅱ in both books of rhyme tables. This is a mistake.

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

17

Nevertheless, such a situation is quite rare, and apart from these two sinograms, there is no shared misalignment between the two books. The aforementioned cases show that the original rhyme tables were indeed compiled with great care and rigor. The various problems found in the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè are the result of different additions by different people and were not problems of the original rhyme tables. At the same time, it can be seen that by the time the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè were published, there had been numerous errors in the rhyme tables, which is by no means the result of a short period of historical development. Therefore, a long development process occurred from the birth of the rhyme tables to the appearance of the two books of rhyme tables. It is still unknown how many people interfered in this process, and I am afraid that this is not just a matter of a “typesetter” making simple errors. (2) The Qīyīn lüè is noteworthy for the high number of miswritten and misplaced sinograms. The Qīyīn lüè was made famous thanks to the approval of the famous literati Zhèng Qiáo in the Southern Sòng dynasty, but it contains an impressively large number of miswritten sinograms. Here, only 205 cases are listed, which seems to be not much more than the number in the Yùnjìng. However, we made use of two editions of the Qīyīn lüè: the version in the Wànyǒu wénkù and the version in the Sìbù bèiyào. Among the errors in each version, which are rather different from each other, we only counted the errors that appeared in both versions. In fact, these two versions were corrected to a certain degree before they were published; even more errors were found in the original version of the Qīyīn lüè. If the errors of each of the two versions are also taken into consideration, the number is much greater than 205. Most of the errors in the Qīyīn lüè were made by adding sinograms according to the Jíyùn. For example, the first three tables alone contain the following cases: dōng (1·8), 簇 cù (1·43), 隆 lóng (2·32), 㮔 chòng (2·37), 溽 rù (2·51), 耩 jiǎng (3·12), and 戇 zhuàng (3·20). In the parts that faithfully copy the original rhyme tables, there are few mistakes. This situation also proves that these errors occurred during the addition process. With his profound knowledge and erudition, Zhèng Qiáo should not have made such mistakes. Therefore, it can be inferred that Zhèng Qiáo was not responsible for the production of the Qīyīn lüè nor for the additions to the original rhyme tables based on the Jíyùn. Zhèng Qiáo was a very versatile and productive writer, and he probably would not have had the patience to collect all kinds of rhyme dictionaries and conduct detailed inspection work for a set of rhyme tables in the way that Páng Dàkūn conducted his research (not to mention that he did not believe that the rhyme tables were produced according to rhyme dictionaries at all). The Qīyīn lüè might have been collected into the Tōngzhì he edited just by copying readily available versions of the Qīyīn lüè. The fact that there are more than twice as many misplaced sinograms in the Qīyīn lüè as in the Yùnjìng indicates that the author and the copyist of this book did not study the style and the principle of the rhyme tables very well.

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(3) The errors in the Yùnjìng show different features. The most noteworthy error in the Yùnjìng is recurrence, which occurs twice as often as in the Qīyīn lüè. There are several kinds of recurrence, including the recurrence of division Ⅲ and division Ⅳ belonging to the same minor rhyme and the recurrence of rounded and unrounded rhymes. Most of these cases are simply the result of ignorant additions, except for a few cases that reflect a certain trend in the development of the rhyme tables (such as the categorization of all the labial sounds into rounded or unrounded rhymes in the rhyme tables according to the SL finals). There is another kind of recurrence in different rhyme groups that reflects the similarities and differences of the sinograms in the rhyme groups of different rhyme dictionaries, indicating the historical trajectory of the development of rhyme tables. For example, the sinogram 硬 yìng recurs in both the 敬 jìng and 諍 zhèng rhymes (see, respectively, 36·36 and 38·43 in “Annotations to the Ancient Rhyme Tables”). According to the Wángyī, the Wáng’èr, the Wángyùn, and the Tángyùn, the sinogram 硬 yìng is only found in the 敬 jìng rhyme, whereas in the Guǎngyùn, the sinogram 硬 yìng is only found in the 諍 zhèng rhyme. If only one of these rhyme dictionaries were taken as a reference, there would be no such cases of recurrence. It seems likely that the original rhyme tables classified this sinogram according to the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. When the addenda were made to the rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn by later generations, the sinogram 硬 yìng was placed in the 諍 zhèng rhyme as a case of recurrence. If the rhyme tables are thought to have been made according to the Guǎngyùn, then it is impossible to explain the recurrence of 硬 yìng in the 敬 jìng rhyme. (4) The 67 cases for the entry “Unique” and 48 cases for the entry “Omitted in the Wángyùn” prove that the rhyme tables were not compiled directly according to the Wángyùn, which is not very surprising. 2 The historical strata of rhyme table development There are several notable large numbers in the statistical table. Besides the number of miswritten sinograms, the largest number is sinograms added to both books according to the Guǎngyùn (154). The second largest number is sinograms added to the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn (138). Compared to these two numbers, the other numbers of added sinograms are inconsequential. The situation of the Qīyīn lüè is relatively clear. As we have seen in the previous discussion, it is obvious that the Qīyīn lüè was produced by supplementing original rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. Most of the sinograms in the Qīyīn lüè marked “added according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)” in the statistical table may also be regarded as addenda to the Qīyīn lüè based on the Jíyùn. The Qīyīn lüè can be divided into two distinct parts, one of which, indisputably, was added according to the Jíyùn. As for the cases of “Both Are the Same”–“According to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn),” the issue is somewhat more problematic: were these sinograms added according to the Guǎngyùn, or were they added according to the Jíyùn? After a careful study,

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

19

we believe that, although it is hard to determine whether the sinograms classified as “According to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)” were based on the Guǎngyùn or the Jíyùn, this entry was definitely added according to the Guǎngyùn. Almost all of these 154 sinograms can be seen to have been added to the Guǎngyùn after comparison with the previous rhyme dictionaries (the number may amount to more than 200 sinograms if those 48 sinograms that are “Omitted in the Wángyùn” but scattered in various remnants of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty are counted). It would have been quite reasonable to make additions to the previous rhyme tables based on a new, comprehensive rhyme dictionary that had considerable influence and authority. If the two books of rhyme tables were produced based on the Jíyùn, then, considering the fact that there were many more added sinograms and minor rhymes in the Jíyùn than the Guǎngyùn, why were such a small number of sinograms in these two books of rhyme tables borrowed from the Jíyùn compared to the Guǎngyùn? There is an even stronger reason that the minor rhymes that were newly added according to the Guǎngyùn can not all be found in the Jíyùn. Whenever there are sinograms that cannot be found in the Jíyùn, these two books of rhyme tables would unanimously refer to the Guǎngyùn. Examples are as follows: 烘 hōng (1·31), the first sinogram of this minor rhyme in the Jíyùn, is 口宫 hōng. zú (1·45), the first sinogram of this minor rhyme in the Jíyùn, is 摵 sù. 扌戎 rǒng (2·36) in the Guǎngyùn is liaised as 穠 nóng 用 yòng, which belongs to the 泥 ní initial; in the Jíyùn, it is liaised as 戎 róng 用 yòng, which belongs to the 日 rì initial and recurs with the minor rhyme 䩰 xuàn. 濼 luò (2·45), the first sinogram of this minor rhyme in the Jíyùn, is 磟 liù. 㞆 jǐ (4·29), the first sinogram of this minor rhyme in the Jíyùn, is 掎 jǐ. There are 27 cases of such a situation. Please see Table 1.1. The Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè differ from each other in their collection of sinograms from the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, the Guǎngyùn, the Jíyùn, and even from other dictionaries, but they are very consistent in their attitude towards the new minor rhymes of the Guǎngyùn. This reminds us that even though the shared prototype of the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè is not the Guǎngyùn, great supplementary work must have been done after the Guǎngyùn was published. In this way, by comprehensively comparing and analyzing the Yùnjìng, the Qīyīn lüè, and various rhyme dictionaries, we have determined that certain elements in the rhyme tables were based on the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, certain elements were added to both sets of tables based on the Guǎngyùn, and other elements were added according to the Jíyùn. These phenomena indicate that the extant Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè are not works of the same historical period. It is certainly not correct to hold that rhyme tables were produced in the Sòng dynasty, but it is also not correct to hold that the Yùnjìng, the Qīyīn lüè, or the direct prototype of such rhyme tables are the ancient rhyme tables of the Táng dynasty. This is as wrong as the belief that the Guǎngyùn is Lù Fǎyán’s Qièyùn. It is unreasonable to consider either of these two books of rhyme tables the products of a single historical period and then use this conclusion to determine the time and place of the pronunciations

20

Pan Wenguo

that the book represents. Instead, they are just like the rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series, which have undergone layers of additions and supplementary work after their formation, eventually developing into a text composed of accumulated historical layers. These layers can be grouped into at least three strata (see Table 1.2; here the strata are classified based on the general historical period— there are many more strata if classified by the specific historical period). The three historical strata of the development of the rhyme tables, when matched to the historical accounts of the rhyme tables, can lead us to assume the names and development processes of rhyme tables. In the table, the lower limit of the era of the production of the Qièyùntú is based on Gě Yìqīng’s study of the Yùnjìng. The Wǔyīn yùnjìng (五音韻镜 The reference table to the Rhyme Tables in Five Initial Categories) was written by a monk, Shì Yuánchōng (釋元冲), and was collected in the Sòngshǐ: yìwénzhì. The dating of this book is based on the presumption that such rhyme tables were produced after the Guǎngyùn but before the Jíyùn. Otherwise, there would be no need to deliberately supplement the added minor rhymes of the Guǎngyùn. The extant Yùnjìng was published in the Southern Sòng dynasty, but it was probably written in the reign of Emperor Zhé Zōng of the Northern Sòng dynasty (see 17·65 of the “Annotations to the Ancient Rhyme Tables”). The term zábǔ (雜補 miscellaneous addenda) indicates that those added sinograms were taken from different places and no reference was made to specific books. Because the afterword of the book written by Zhāng Línzhī was written after he read the Qīyīn lüè by Zhèng Qiáo, it is highly possible that some sinograms were also added according to the Qīyīn lüè. Table 1.2 Historical Strata of the Development of the Ancient Rhyme Tables Phase 1st

Name of the Rhyme Table Qièyùntú

Era of Compilation Táng Dynasty (755–805)

Content Arranged Based on the Rhyme Dictionaries of the Qièyùn of the Time

2nd

Wǔyīn yùnjìng

Northern Sòng Dynasty (1008–1039)

Added Based on the Guǎngyùn

Yùnjìng 3rd

Zhǐwēi yùnjìng

Northern Sòng Dynasty (1086–1100)

Zhāng Línzhī

Southern Sòng Dynasty (1161)

According to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn) Qīyīn lüè

Southern Sòng Dynasty (before 1162)

Added Based on Other Books Added Mainly Based on the Jíyùn

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

21

The three historical strata are to be explained as follows: (1) The first strata of the rhyme tables is the part of the rhyme tables made according to the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, which is the foundation of the rhyme tables. We have already discussed the relationship between the rhyme tables and the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. There are still some points that need to be mentioned here: (a) In the remainder of this book, we conduct a comprehensive comparison of the Yùnjìng, Qīyīn lüè, and Wángyùn and provide annotations and an elaborate analysis of the subtle differences among these three books. Where we made no annotations, it indicates that the three books are identical. It can be found that a large proportion of the rhyme tables do not require annotations if readers look at the rhyme tables at the back of this book. Let us just take the first four rhyme tables as examples. The ratio of annotated to unannotated sinograms is 50:82 in the first table, 56:76 in the second table, 26:32 in the third table, and 34:61 in the fourth table. In sum, the three books are, on average, 60% completely consistent. This figure is by no means simple. It indicates that the common prototype of the two books of rhyme tables (the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè) and the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty represented by the Wángyùn are basically consistent. (b) The reason the figure mentioned previously is by no means simple is that it is the result of comparing the two rhyme tables merged with a rhyme dictionary. The ratio is quite conservative due to the respective problems of the two books of rhyme tables. Of the more than 1,700 entries that we added annotations to, over 900 fell in the first major category of errors, which is more than half of the total. These errors are often not a matter of inconsistency but rather errors in the copying process. If the errors related to the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty are removed (for example, the miswritten sinograms in the Qīyīn lüè when referring to the sinograms of the Jíyùn) and the graphical mistakes are corrected, the percentage of the three books that are consistent with each other increases to more than 70%. (c) In some cases in our annotations, there is actually no difference among the three books, but we noticed that sometimes the sinograms listed in the rhyme tables are not the same as those in the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. Examples include the following: 俟 sì (8·15), 憊 bèi (14·24), 夤 yín (17·14), 矧 shěn (17·31), 楦 xuàn (22·34), 躶 luǒ (28·32), 鵶 yā (29·9), and 坑 kēng (36·8). All of these examples are ironclad evidence that the rhyme tables are based on the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. Our annotations only focus on the comparison of the differences between the two books of rhyme tables and the Wángyùn, and we have not provided all of those examples.

22

Pan Wenguo (d) The two main categories that are related to the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty are “sinograms referred to” and “added sinograms.” Roughly speaking, there are more than 800 entries in these two categories, but we should focus on the issue of “Both Are the Same”: the issues reflected in both the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, to verify the original appearance of the ancient rhyme tables. It is evident that there are few sinograms in the categories of “According to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)” and “According to the Jíyùn” in the “Sinograms Referred to” category. Meanwhile, there are 74 sinograms among the entries of “Referring to Others” that are relevant to the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, out of a total of 110. This figure proves that the rhyme tables were not made according to the Wángyùn. Furthermore, it reinforces the belief that the rhyme tables were made according to the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. Among the 110 cases, 17 cases remain where the rhyme tables are consistent with the Lǐbù yùnlüè. This seems to contradict the fact that the rhyme tables were based on the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. However, we think that this situation is due to the fact that the rhyme tables were copied from each other in the process of their circulation. These 17 sinograms are as follows: 淞 sōng (2·12), 牎 chuāng (3·6), 降 jiàng (3·10), 耆 qí (6·4), 鋪 pū (12·1), 篦 bì (13·15), 恤 xù (18·62), 旋 xuán (22·33), 珊 shān (23·6), 難 nàn (23·50), 徹 chè (23·99), 耗 hào (25·51), 笈 jí (31·80), 倀 chāng (34·10), huò (37·27), 劃 huà (39·21), and 棓 pǒu (40·20).

In other words, the sinograms listed in the rhyme tables match the first sinograms of the minor rhymes in the Lǐbù Yùnlüè, and when viewed together with the two rhyme tables, 17 sinograms are able to demonstrate the relationship between the rhyme tables and the Lǐbù Yùnlüè. In addition to this, the Yùnjìng uses the first sinograms of the minor rhymes of the Lǐbù Yùnlüè alone in 14 places, as follows: 熇 hè (1·47), 叙 xù (11·15), 聚 jù (12·39), 散 sàn (23·55), 鑣 biāo (25·5), 號 hào (25·52), 癉 dān (27·18), 㕦 huà (30·13), 儻 tǎng (34·20), 剌 là (36·54), 醒 xǐng (38·52), 射 shè (38·68), 黈 tǒu (40·21), and 寢 qǐn (42·13). In the Qīyīn lüè, there are nine cases in which the first sinograms of the minor rhymes of the Lǐbù Yùnlüè are used alone, as follows: 衝 chōng (2·11), 墐 jìn (17·9), 蓑suō (28·12), 呀 yā (29·10), 僉 qiān (32·11), 旁 páng (34·2), 歷 lì (38·79), 漏 lòu (40·44), and 寢 qǐn (42·13). The last case is the most interesting and shows traces of adaptation. The rhyme heading of the Yùnjìng and the sinogram in the rhyme table were both changed to

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

23

寢 qǐn, whereas the Qīyīn lüè only changed the rhyme heading but not the sinogram in the rhyme table, which was still 寑 qǐn in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. Such a feature is more obvious in the category of “Added Sinograms.” Of the added sinograms in both the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, none are from rhyme dictionaries other than the Guǎngyùn or Jíyùn. A total of 27 sinograms were added to the Qīyīn lüè based on other materials alone, but none of them were based on the Lǐbù Yùnlüè; 21 sinograms were added to the Yùnjìng based on other materials, but only one sinogram, 蠵 xī (5·9), is used as the first sinogram of the minor rhyme in the Lǐbù Yùnlüè. All of these cases further prove that neither the Yùnjìng nor the Qīyīn lüè was ever based on the Lǐbù yùnlüè. By contrast, many of the sinograms in Zhù Bì’s Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué are different from those in the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè but consistent with those in the Lǐbù yùnlüè. It can be inferred that, after the appearance of the Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué, the Lǐbù Yùnlüè began to have a greater influence on the rhyme tables. (2) Of the sinograms listed in the rhyme tables, there are a considerable number of sinograms in the category of “Both Are the Same”–“According to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn),” which does not seem to be accidental. These sinograms cannot be treated with the same method when dealing with the Lǐbù Yùnlüè, but their presence must be recognized. This attitude, however, is contradicted by the opinion that the rhyme tables were basically made according to the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. Considering this, we think that these sinograms belong to the rhyme tables of the second historical stratum, which is the result of adding the new minor rhymes of the Guǎngyùn based on the framework of the ancient rhyme tables. This is natural because of the influence of the Guǎngyùn. (3) Various scholars made further additions to the rhyme tables supplemented by the Guǎngyùn on the basis of other materials, which resulted in the third strata of rhyme tables. The extant Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè are in this strata. The Qīyīn lüè was supplemented mainly according to the Jíyùn; the Yùnjìng was also influenced by the Jíyùn or even by the Qīyīn lüè—its situation is more complicated. Of course, this is just a rough description of broad strata. This process of addition was likely uninterrupted. Each transcription was accompanied by more added content. Just as there were countless rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series from Lù Fǎyán’s Qièyùn to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn in the Sòng dynasty, the rhyme tables have also been continuously revised ever since they were produced. This is the reason the content of the rhyme tables we have seen so far is so disparate. A bit more needs to be mentioned about the first strata. The term “the Táng dynasty” is very broad. Because there are dozens of rhyme dictionaries from Lù Fǎyán’s to Lǐ Zhōu’s, how can we conclude that the ancient rhyme tables were based on the rhyme dictionaries of the second half of the eighth century? In addition to the reasons already mentioned, a closer study of the rhyme dictionaries of

24

Pan Wenguo

the Táng dynasty on which the two books of rhyme tables are based reveals that the remnants of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty are generally based on the Wángyùn and the Wángyī as one series or the Wáng’èr, the Tángyùn, and the Qièsān as another series. When the first sinograms of the minor rhymes of these two books are different, the rhyme tables usually follow the latter instead of the former. Gě Yìqīng has also noticed this. Here are some more examples: 俾 bǐ (4·13) is bǐ in the Wángyùn (also in the Guǎngyùn), 俾 bǐ in the Wáng’èr and the Qièsān, and 俾 bǐ in the Yùnjìng. 胃 wèi (10·10) is 謂 wèi in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī, 胃 wèi in the Wáng’èr, and 胃 wèi in both books of rhyme tables. 絮 xù (11·17) is 悇 tú in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī and 絮 xù in the Tángyùn and both books of rhyme tables. 跇 yì (13·52) is 跩 zhuǎi in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī, 跇 yì in the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn, and 跇 yì in the Yùnjìng. 倄 yáo (14·15) is in the 心 xīn initial in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī, in the 匣 xiá initial in the Wáng’èr and the Qièsān, and in the 匣 xiá initial in both books of rhyme tables. bì (15·23) is 弊 bì in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī and bì in the Wáng’èr and both books of rhyme tables. 窔 yào (25·71) is yǎo in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī and 窔 yào in the Wáng’èr, the Tángyùn, and both books of rhyme tables. xiè (25·72) is 娎 xiè in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī and xiè in the Wáng’èr, the Tángyùn, and both books of rhyme tables. 呵 hē (27·30) is 㰤 hē in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī and 呵 hē in the Tángyùn and both books of rhyme tables. 䖳 zhà (29·27) is 塗 tú in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī and 䖳 zhà in the Tángyùn and both books of rhyme tables. 篸 cǎn (31·51) is 撍 zǎn in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī and 篸 cǎn in the Wáng’èr, the Tángyùn, and both books of rhyme tables. 䠨 chàn (31·61) is 䪜 chàn in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī and 䠨 chàn in the Tángyùn and both books of rhyme tables (in the Yùnjìng, the graphical form of this sinogram is slightly miswritten). 熒 yíng (39·13) is 熒 yíng in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī and is absent in the Wáng’èr, the Tángyùn, and both books of rhyme tables. We believe that these examples are helpful in further understanding this issue. Notes 1 Of course, the rhyme tables were based on the phonology of the Táng dynasty, which may not be exactly the same as that of the Qièyùn period. 2 In addition, Lǐ Xīnkuí, in his Hànyǔ děngyùnxué, mentioned works such as the Shì’ér qièyǔ (示兒切語 Sinographic liaison for descendants) by Hóng Bǎng (洪榜), Děngqiè yuánshēng (等切元聲 On the original pronunciations of divisional rhymes) by Xióng Shìbó (熊士伯), and Qièzì sìkǎo (切字肆考 A study of sinographic liaison) by Zhāng

Status of the Extant Rhyme Tables

3

4 5 6

7 8

25

Gēng (張耕), which I have not seen. According to the analysis by Lǐ Xīnkuí, these books are not as important as the ones mentioned here. Lǐ Xīnkuí 李新魁, Hànyǔ děngyùnxué (漢語等韻學 The study of Chinese rhyme divisions). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1983). Zhù Bì, Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué: zìxù (皇極經世解起數訣·自序 Preface to the Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué); see Sìkù quánshū zhēnběn chūjí: guānwùjiě (四庫全書珍 本初集·觀物解 The part of observing things in the Sìkù quánshū zhēnběn chūjí). Yáng Tán (楊倓) originally was Yáng Jùn (楊俊), and here it is revised according to Lǐ Xīnkuí’s study. Lǐ Xīnkuí, Hànyǔ děngyùnxué. 173. The sinograms 迢 dōng and 簇 cù were written as 迿 chǒng and 𡻬 zú in the Jíyùn, and these mistakes were due to graphical similarity. See “Annotations to the Ancient Rhyme Tables.” The Shǒuwēn yùnxué cánjuàn is not a rhyme table, nor does it use rhyme gatherings. The analysis here is only based on the divisions of rhymes in this book. See Chapter 9 of Volume I. The cases of 43 tables, 44 tables, and 46 tables have been explained in the previous chapters, and 48 tables result from the 46 tables plus another 2 tables for the 夬 guài and 廢 fèi rhymes, which are separated into rounded and unrounded initials and not categorized into the entering tone. See Table 15. In the entry “referring to others” of Table 15, the sinograms from the Yùnlüè and other untraceable books are marked respectively with [] and *. Other sinograms are from the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. When it was mentioned in the previous volume that the two books of rhyme tables could not have been copied from each other, this referred to the system, the pattern, and most of the sinograms listed in the book. The two books may of course have influenced each other in the process of circulation after they were compiled and published, but this influence may also be confined to just a few places.

2

The Principles and Methods Used for Reconstructing the Ancient Rhyme Tables Pan Wenguo

All of the extant rhyme tables, including the earliest texts like the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, are not the products of a single historical stratum but are texts accumulated from multiple historical strata. Because these two books of rhyme tables themselves contain so many errors and inaccuracies, it is unavoidable that many problems would occur if they were used to illustrate the phonological system of the Qièyùn. Just as we hope to obtain the earliest possible copy of the Qièyùn when we are studying it, we also hope to see the earliest version of the rhyme tables rather than the extant Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè or other texts, which are more or less inconsistent with their original versions. Unfortunately, unlike the rhyme dictionaries, some remnants of which are still extant, there are not only no remnants of the rhyme tables left, but even the Yùnjìng was brought back from Japan at the beginning of the twentieth century. We certainly hope that one day some remnants or originals of early rhyme tables will be unearthed, but until that day, we can only attempt to reconstruct the ancient rhyme tables to their original form from the available materials. Fortunately, this goal is likely achievable. From the previous analysis, we clarified the historical process of the development of the ancient rhyme tables. We can use this as a clue to reconstruct the ancient rhyme tables by using the archaeological method of geological stratification. We know that the Qīyīn lüè and Yùnjìng were compiled based on the Wǔyīn yùnjìng with the addition of sinograms from the Jíyùn and other places. Therefore, we can determine the original appearance of the Wǔyīn yùnjìng by removing these added sinograms. Because the Wǔyīn yùnjìng was formed by adding the sinograms that were added to the Guǎngyùn to the ancient rhyme tables, we can reconstruct the ancient rhyme tables by removing these added sinograms. If this result is then verified with the various rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty and the extant remnants that we can find through comparative analysis and selection, the final result will not be far from the original appearance of the ancient rhyme tables. Our reconstruction of the ancient rhyme tables is based on this principle. The specific method is still to start by comparing the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè because we cannot carry out our study without the extant rhyme tables. Subsequently, the Wángyùn is used for further reference and comparison because this is

DOI: 10.4324/9781003411451-3

Principles and Methods for Reconstructing Rhyme Tables 27 the only complete version of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty available today, even though the rhyme tables are not based on it. We modern scholars are luckier than the literati of the Qīng dynasty because they only had the Guǎngyùn, from which they could not have a clear view of the rhyme tables of the Táng dynasty. After comparing these three sets of tables, the result can be verified through the Guǎngyùn, the Jíyùn, and the remnants of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty to determine the final selection. A comparison of the three sets of tables yields14 different cases categorized into five kinds (see Table 2.1). Based on this principle and combined with the previous analysis, the collation principles are as follows: (1) The sinograms in the first category are definitely included. (2) The four cases in the second category are also generally included because there is always a rhyme table reflecting the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. (3) The sinograms in the third category are treated differently in the two cases. If we take into account the graphical mistakes, then after the sinograms are Table 2.1 The Situation Resulting From the Comparison of the Three Books of Rhyme Tables

A

B

C

D E

Wángyùn

Yùnjìng

Qīyīn lüè

1st

a

a

a

2nd

a

a

b

3rd

a

b

a

4th

a

○

a

5th

a

a

○

6th

a

b

b

7th

a

b

○

8th

a

○

b

9th

a

b

c

10th

a

○

○

11th

○

a

a

12th

○

a

b

13th

○

a

○

14th

○

○

a

Source: [Explanation] The letters a, b, and c refer to the first sinograms of the minor rhymes of the Wángyùn and the sinograms included in the two sets of rhyme tables. If the sinograms are the same, they are marked with the same letter, such as a. If the sinograms are different, they are marked with different letters, such as a and b. If the minor rhyme or the sinogram is not included in the text, it is marked with ○.

28

Pan Wenguo corrected graphically, the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth cases may possibly be turned into the second, third, fourth, fifth or even the first cases. Take the following examples: When the sixth is changed into the first (abb→aaa), wàn (33·12), this sinogram in all three sets of tables is wrong. When the seventh is changed into the fifth (ab○→aa○), 宊 tū (18·44), this sinogram in the two sets of tables is wrong. When the eighth is changed into the fourth (a○b→a○a), 顡 wài (14·25), this sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is wrong. When the ninth is changed into the third (abc→aba), 巾夔 néi (14·1), this sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is wrong. When the ninth is changed into the second (abc→aab), pìn (17·40), this sinogram in the Yùnjìng is wrong.

The sinograms in these situations should all be included. If the sinograms do not fall into any of the aforementioned situations, then they have to be further analyzed for inclusion. The most troublesome here is the sixth case abb (and part of the ninth case abc, which may be turned into the sixth case) because, as was mentioned earlier, the rhyme tables were not based on the Wángyùn. When the two books of rhyme tables are consistent with each other, it cannot be said that the Wángyùn is necessarily correct. On such occasions, we focused on other remnants of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty to see if the rhyme tables have other references. In this way, we could side with the rhyme dictionaries or rhyme tables depending on which was supported by other materials. It is by this process that we determined that the two books of rhyme tables generally chose to follow the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn instead of the Wángyùn. Sometimes, due to the lack of reference materials, no evidence could be found to support the two books of rhyme tables and the Wángyùn. In that case, we still chose to use b to maintain the original appearance of the rhyme tables. The same principle is also applied to the tenth case, a○○, but is based on other materials, namely the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty and even the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. If this sinogram can be found in not only the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty but also in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, then we can be sure that both kinds of rhyme tables missed this sinogram in the copying process. Otherwise, we would rather put this sinogram aside for the time being than simply list it according to the Wángyùn. (4) There are also two ways to deal with the sinograms in the fourth category, both by referring to the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. If a reference can be found in other rhyme dictionaries, that means that the sinogram was included in the rhyme dictionaries that the rhyme tables were based on but not included in the Wángyùn. This case is called “Omitted in the Wángyùn.” Table 2.1 indicates that there are 48 such cases. If no references can be found in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, then these sinograms were probably added to the rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn. Therefore, the situation of the fourth category is quite representative of the second strata of

Principles and Methods for Reconstructing Rhyme Tables 29 the rhyme tables, namely the Wǔyīn yùnjìng. We marked these sinograms with square brackets [] in the reconstructed rhyme tables for reference. (5) The two cases in the fifth category are the sinograms added to the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, which violate the principles of the arrangement of rhyme tables and cause confusion in the rhyme tables. Therefore, in principle, these two kinds of sinograms were not included in the reconstructed rhyme tables. Of course, special cases need to be treated in special ways. If references to the sinograms could be found in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, they were sometimes still included in the reconstructed rhyme tables; if references to the sinograms could be found in the Guǎngyùn, they were sometimes also regarded as added sinograms of the Wǔyīn yùnjìng. Based on these selection criteria, the reconstructed rhyme tables in this book reflect the outlook of the ancient rhyme tables in the two strata of the Qièyùntú of the Táng dynasty and the Wǔyīn yùnjìng of the Sòng dynasty. The next stratum is the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, but even the Qīyīn lüè is incomplete in the collection of the minor rhymes of the Jíyùn. If the outlook of the rhyme tables after the addition of the Jíyùn needs to be studied, then the Děngyùn jílüè compiled by Páng Dàkūn of the Qīng dynasty can be employed. It is important to note that the method of arranging the rhyme tables mentioned in Part II of Volume I of this book is only applicable to the rhyme dictionaries of the Qièyùn series in the Táng dynasty. In other words, it is only applicable to the case where, among the five kinds of sounds, the dental sounds can be grouped but the other sounds cannot be further grouped. Sinograms can be added to the Wǔyīn yùnjìng and the Děngyùn jílüè according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. However, the principle that the labial and lingual sounds are regarded as individual categories that cannot be further divided must be followed, and the result should only be an addition to the Qièyùntú instead of to the rhyme tables representing the Guǎngyùn or the Jíyùn. The number of sound categories in the Guǎngyùn, and especially the Jíyùn, is different from that in the Qièyùn because of the development of the Qièyùn system and the further differentiation between labial and lingual sounds. These dictionaries are incompatible with the arranging method of the Qièyùntú. Without this knowledge, the problem of rhyme tables will never be clarified. The aforementioned analysis of the 14 situations of the five categories is only an explanation of general principles and methods. For the specific process and the selection of the sinograms, please refer to the annotations attached to the reconstructed rhyme tables in this book.

3

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables Pan Wenguo

3.1

Issues regarding the general layout of the rhyme tables

In this section, we try to reconstruct the ancient rhyme tables based on the aforementioned theories and principles. Here, the general layout of the ancient rhyme tables is elaborated upon to save further repetitive explanations in the following text. (1) Tables: The Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè both have 43 tables. As was mentioned, the rhyme tables can be arranged in several ways, forming 43, 44, 46, or 48 tables according to different merging principles. It is not economical to arrange the rhyme tables into 48 tables by producing independent tables for the 夬 guài rhyme and the 廢 fèi rhyme, which only have the entering tone. The rhyme tables can be arranged into 46 tables by making either the 删 shān or山 shān rhyme group of the 山 shān rhyme gathering an independent table. However, this might cause people to draw an analogy with the 江 jiāng rhyme group and be confused about the internal relationship among the tables of the 山 shān rhyme gathering. Therefore, we chose not to separate these rhyme groups even though it is more difficult to arrange the rhyme tables when these several rhyme groups are not separated (for the table of the division Ⅱ sinograms of the 仙 xiān rhyme group, we tried to maintain the existing rhyme table). The rhyme tables can be arranged into 44 tables by making the division IV sinograms of the 尤 yóu rhyme group into an independent table. Considering the fact that there are more interlinked sinograms between the 尤 yóu and 幽 yōu rhyme groups in the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, and that there were also rhyme tables in the form of 44 tables in the Sòng dynasty, we have provisionally settled on 44 tables, which is one table more than the extant Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè. If 43 tables are needed, the two tables of the 流 liú rhyme gathering simply need to be merged. (2) Table order: According to the previous analysis, although the orders of the rhyme tables in the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè are both valid if the rhyme tables are arranged based on the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, the order of the Qīyīn lüè is probably based on the order of the rhyme gatherings in the

DOI: 10.4324/9781003411451-4

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

31

Qièyùn zhǐzhǎngtú: biànnèiwài zhuǎnlì. Therefore, the order of the Qīyīn lüè was also taken as a reference. (3) Shè (rhyme gathering): As mentioned, the order of the tables in the Qīyīn lüè should be followed. According to the introduction of the Qièyùn zhǐzhǎngtú: jiǎnlì, the representative sinograms had already been added to the rhyme gatherings in the rhyme tables at that time. However, because the term shè (攝 rhyme gathering) was not mentioned in the Qièyùn zhǐzhǎngtú: jiǎnlì and we have no other evidence that this term existed at that time, we used the representative sinograms of these rhyme gatherings instead of the term shè to indicate our caution. (4) Zhuǎn (table) The inner zhuǎn and outer zhuǎn all take shè as the basic unit, which takes the theory of the eight inner zhuǎn and eight outer zhuǎn of the Qièyùn zhǐzhǎngtú as a reference. We compared the Yùnjìng with the Qīyīn lüè for the correction of rhyme tables. The differences between these two books of rhyme tables and the situations that we adopted in this book are as follows: (a) The 13th table (unrounded rhymes such as 咍 hāi, 皆 jiē, 齊 jì, 祭 jì, and 夬 guài) is categorized as an outer zhuǎn in the Yùnjìng and an inner zhuǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. The categorization of the Yùnjìng is preferred here. (b) The 廢 fèi rhyme is categorized as an inner zhuǎn in the Yùnjìng and an outer zhuǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. The categorization of the Qīyīn lüè is preferred here. (c) The 29th table (unrounded 麻 má rhyme) is categorized as an inner zhuǎn in the Yùnjìng and an outer zhuǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. The categorization of the Qīyīn lüè is preferred here. (d) The 34th table of the Qīyīn lüè and the 31st table of the Yùnjìng (unrounded 唐 táng and 陽 yáng rhymes) are categorized as inner zhuǎn in the Yùnjìng and outer zhuǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. The categorization of the Yùnjìng is preferred here. (e) The 37th table of the Qīyīn lüè and the 34th table of the Yùnjìng (rounded 庚 gēng and 清 qīng rhymes) are categorized as outer zhuǎn in the Yùnjìng and inner zhuǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. The categorization of the Yùnjìng is preferred here. (5) Rhyme heading and rhyme order The three tables turn out to be different in the following respects: (a) In the Yùnjìng, the 廢 fèi rhyme is categorized into the same table as the 微 wēi rhyme. In the Qīyīn lüè, the 廢 fèi rhyme recurs in the headings of the 微 wēi rhyme table and the 佳 jiā rhyme table; its unrounded sinograms belong to the 微 wēi rhyme and its rounded sinograms belong to the 佳 jiā rhyme. In our reconstructed rhyme tables, the 廢 fèi rhyme is now placed into the 佳 jiā rhyme of the 蟹 xiè rhyme gathering.

32

Pan Wenguo (b) The 恠 guài rhyme is represented in these three books by the rhyme headings of 恠 guài, 怪 guài, and 恠 guài.1 The Tángyùn and other rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty usually use the sinogram 恠 guài, so it seems that the Qīyīn lüè is correct. (c) In the 17th table, there are recurring rhymes of 隱 yìn and 焮 xìn in the rising and entering tones of the 臻 zhēn rhyme in the Qīyīn lüè, which should be deleted. (d) The 魂 hún rhyme is represented by the rhyme headings of 魂 hún, 䰟 hún, and 䰟 hún in these three books. 䰟 hún follows the Guǎngyùn. All the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty use 魂 hún. (e) As for the matching between the four tones of the division Ⅱ rhymes of the 山 shān rhyme gathering, Dǒng Tónghé (董同龢) chose to match 山 shān with 黠 xiá and 删 shān with 鎋 xiá, whereas the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè both match 删 shān with 黠 xiá and 山 shān with 鎋 xiá. The reconstructed rhyme tables follow the matching pattern of these two sets of tables. (f) The 宵 xiāo rhyme, which is represented by the rhyme headings of 宵 xiāo, 宵 xiāo, and 霄 (宵) xiāo, should be unified as 宵 xiāo. (g) As for the 藥 yào and 鐸 duó rhymes, the Qīyīn lüè uses them as recurring rhymes in the 果 guǒ and 宕 dàng rhyme gatherings. The situation that the entering tone is matched with the shaded and shined tones reflects phonological evolution. However, in the Yùnjìng, both rhymes are simply placed into the 宕 dàng rhyme gathering, which should be followed here. (h) The 号 hào rhyme, which is represented by the rhyme headings of 号 hào, 號 hào, and 号 hào in the three books, should be written as 号 hào here. The sinogram 號 hào is from the Yùnlüè. (i) As for the rising and departing tones of the 嚴 yán rhyme, the Wángyùn uses the sinograms 广 yán and 嚴 yán. The two books of rhyme tables use 儼 yǎn and 釅 yàn, which are followed in the reconstructed rhyme tables. (j) In the rounded tables of the 登 dēng and 蒸 zhēng rhymes in the Qīyīn lüè, the rhyme headings of “等 děng, 拯 zhěng” and “嶝 dèng, 證 zhèng” lack attached sinograms for the rising and departing tones. The Yùnjìng lacks rhyme headings for both the rising and departing tones, which should be followed here. (k) In addition, the 敬 jìng rhyme was changed into the 映 yìng rhyme in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, but none of the two books of rhyme tables changed it, which is likely a remnant of the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. This might also be evidence that the prototypes of the rhyme tables are the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. (l) The issue of the rounded and unrounded articulations of the four rhymes of the 真 zhēn rhyme group remains worthy of our attention. The Tángyùn,

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

33

Guǎngyùn, and Jíyùn have two books of rhyme headings of 真 zhēn, 軫 zhěn, 震 zhèn, and 質 zhì and 諄 zhūn, 準 zhǔn, 稕 zhùn, and 術 shù. The second set seems to be rounded articulations, but none of the rhyme dictionaries make a clear statement about this classification. Although the rhyme tables have two books of rhyme headings, the collected sinograms do not follow the headings of the rhyme dictionaries but rather follow the rounded and unrounded articulations in the spoken pronunciation. It seems that the rhyme tables improved on the rhyme classifications of the Tángyùn. Or perhaps the rhyme tables made such classifications when the rounded articulations of the 真 zhēn rhyme group were not designated for newly independent rhymes, and the new rhyme headings were added after this. (6) Light and heavy articulations and rounded and unrounded articulations: The determination of light and heavy articulations as well as rounded and unrounded articulations is not easy because, although there is agreement between these two books of rhyme tables, there are also inconsistencies. Even the places of agreement are questionable, such as the classification of rounded and unrounded articulations for the independent rhymes. It is even more elusive when it comes to such cases as “more heavy, less light,” “less heavy, more light,” and “inner light” and “inner heavy” in the Qīyīn lüè. Before these cases are clarified, a cautious attitude needs to be taken. We chose not to use terms such as “rounded and unrounded” or “heavy and light” as we did for the Qièyùn zhǐzhǎngtú. (7) Initials: We followed the Yùnjìng when dealing with initials. Neither the 36 initial sinograms nor the musical sinograms such as 宮 gōng and 商 shāng were used in the reconstructed rhyme tables; terms such as labial, lingual, voiceless, and voiced were used instead. 3.2 The reconstructed ancient rhyme tables The following are the ancient rhyme tables reconstructed according to our textual research. The main body of the tables can be regarded as the Qièyùntú of the Táng dynasty. In the tables, the sinograms with square brackets were added to the Wǔyīn yùnjìng according to the Guǎngyùn. The combination of the tables and the added sinograms can be regarded as the original version of the Wǔyīn yùnjìng. The specific situations of textual research can be found in the attached annotations after the tables. In the annotations, codes (such as aab) to compare sinograms between the Wángyùn, Yùnjìng, and Qīyīn lüè are marked to indicate problems that are further discussed. A general index of tables and categories for the textual annotations to the reconstructed ancient rhyme tables is attached to the end of this chapter.

34

Pan Wenguo

Table 3.1 Catalog of the Ancient Rhyme Tables Table Order

Page

Page of Annotations

1. Inner zhuǎn 通 tōng 2. Inner zhuǎn 通 tōng 3. Outer zhuǎn 江 jiāng 4. inner zhuǎn 止 zhǐ 5. Inner zhuǎn 止 zhǐ 6. Inner zhuǎn 止 zhǐ 7. Inner zhuǎn 止 zhǐ 8. Inner zhuǎn 止 zhǐ 9. Inner zhuǎn 止 zhǐ 10. Inner zhuǎn 止 zhǐ 11. Inner zhuǎn 遇 yù 12. Inner zhuǎn 遇 yù 13. Outer zhuǎn 蟹 xiè 14. Outer zhuǎn 蟹 xiè 15. Outer zhuǎn 蟹 xiè 16. Outer zhuǎn 蟹 xiè 17. Outer zhuǎn 臻 zhēn 18. Outer zhuǎn 臻 zhēn 19. Outer zhuǎn 臻 zhēn 20. Outer zhuǎn 臻 zhēn 21. Outer zhuǎn 山 shān 22. Outer zhuǎn 山 shān 23. Outer zhuǎn 山 shān 24. Outer zhuǎn 山 shān 25. Outer zhuǎn 效 xiào 26. Outer zhuǎn 效 xiào 27. Inner zhuǎn 果 guǒ 28. Inner zhuǎn 果 guǒ 29. Outer zhuǎn 假 jiǎ 30. Outer zhuǎn 假 jiǎ 31. Outer zhuǎn 咸 xián 32. Outer zhuǎn 咸 xián 33. Outer zhuǎn 咸 xián 34. Inner zhuǎn 宕 dàng 35. Inner zhuǎn 宕 dàng 36. Outer zhuǎn 梗 gěng 37. Outer zhuǎn 梗 gěng 38. Outer zhuǎn 梗 gěng 39. Outer zhuǎn 梗 gěng 40. Inner zhuǎn 流 liú 41. Inner zhuǎn 流 liú 42. Inner zhuǎn 深 shēn 43. Inner zhuǎn 曾 céng 44. Inner zhuǎn 曾 céng

(35) (37) (39) (41) (43) (45) (47) (49) (51) (53) (55) (57) (60) (63) (66) (68) (70) (73) (76) (78) (80) (83) (86) (90) (94) (97) (99) (101) (103) (106) (108) (112) (116) (118) (122) (124) (127) (130) (134) (136) (139) (142) (145) (148)

(155) (158) (161) (162) (163) (165) (166) (167) (168) (169) (169) (171) (173) (176) (178) (179) (181) (185) (188) (188) (189) (192) (194) (200) (203) (207) (208) (209) (210) (212) (212) (216) (219) (220) (223) (224) (226) (228) (232) (233) (235) (236) (237) (239)

3.3

嵩

18 16

toŋ/ȶoŋ moŋ/ɱoŋ

b'oŋ/voŋ

b'oŋ/voŋ

p'oŋ/f'oŋ

toŋ/ȶoŋ moŋ/ɱoŋ

poŋ/foŋ

孔 𨑊 菶13 蠓14 董 侗15 動

t'oŋ/ȶ'oŋ

t'oŋ/ȶ'oŋ

揔17

充 終 5

窮 穹 弓 蟲3

d'oŋ/ȡ'oŋ

d'oŋ/ȡ'oŋ

董 曨21 蓊 [嗊]19 澒20

12

雄 11 10

融

隆

東 洪 翁 檧9

烘 8

叢 崇

poŋ/foŋ

琫

voiceless

noŋ/ȵoŋ

忡

second-voiceless

k'oŋ

中

voiced

tsoŋ/tɕoŋ

瞢

唇音

voiceless and voiced

soŋ/ɕoŋ

馮

second-voiceless

k'oŋ koŋ

ʔoŋ

豐2

舌音

voiced

voiceless

labial

Reconstructed rhyme tables

lingual

voiceless and voiced

xoŋ

風

voiceless

怱7

second-voiceless

g'oŋ

公

voiced

ŋoŋ

同

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsoŋ/tɕoŋ

通

voiceless

ts'oŋ/tɕ'oŋ

東

second-voiceless

dz'oŋ/dʑ'oŋ

ʔoŋ

蒙

voiced

soŋ/ɕoŋ

xoŋ

ɣoŋ

蓬

齒音

dental

voiceless

joŋs

1

voiced

ɣoŋ

空 [㟅]4 葼6

清濁

voiceless

清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

濁 清 次清 濁

voiced

清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

loŋ

loŋ

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

-oŋ

The 1st table of inner pattern tōng 內轉 通第一

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-oŋ

籠

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

35

second-voiceless voiceless

肉

屋 六 囿 育50

祿

moŋ/ɱoŋ b'oŋ/voŋ p'oŋ/f'oŋ poŋ/foŋ

縠49

tok/ȶok

p'ok/f'ok pok/fok

mok/ɱok b'ok/vok

44

45

速 屋 嗀47 縮 叔 孰46 郁 蓄48 肅 榖38 哭

焪

t'ok/ȶ'ossk

竹 稸36 逐 朒37 菊 麴39 𩣽40 砡41

toŋ/ȶoŋ

43

族

瘯 珿 俶 𪓗

銃 趥 衆27

鏃 縬42 粥 蹙

𧽒32 㓽

t'oŋ/ȶ'oŋ

d'ok/ȡ'ok

目

弄 甕30 [烘]31 哄33 送 29

d'oŋ/ȡ'oŋ

伏

voiced

nok/ȵok

蝮

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

noŋ/ȵoŋ

福

voiceless

kok

獨

second-voiceless

koŋ

k'ok

扑 㬥34 木 豰35 秃

voiced

k'oŋ

卜

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

g'ok

仲

voiceless

ŋok

25

second-voiceless

tsok/tɕok

鳳 夢23 中

voiced

ts'ok/tɕ'ok

賵

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsoŋ/tɕoŋ

dz'ok/dʑ'ok

諷

voiceless

ts'oŋ/tɕ'oŋ

sok/ɕok

控

second-voiceless

dz'oŋ/dʑ'oŋ

zok/ʑok

貢

voiced

soŋ/ɕoŋ

ʔok

齈

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔoŋ

xok

洞

voiced

xoŋ

ɣok

幪23 涷24 痛

voiceless

ɣoŋ

lok jok

糉26 𧩪28

清濁

second-voiceless

清濁 清濁

voiced

濁 清 次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

loŋ

清

voiceless and voiced

-ok rok

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-oŋ

宋

Pan Wenguo

22

36

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

b'oŋ/voŋ p'oŋ/f'oŋ

腫 勇26

moŋ/ɱoŋ

poŋ/foŋ

尰24 擁 洶25 悚

b'oŋ/voŋ p'oŋ/f'oŋ poŋ/foŋ

䙕22 𢃓23

𨿿 腫 恐 䅃21 拱 冢20 寵

toŋ/ȶoŋ

重

18

t'oŋ/ȶ'oŋ

toŋ/ȶoŋ

隴

容14 從 蜙12 松 樅

鐘 𧘂11 顒 恭 [𨥲]10 𧉨

d'oŋ/ȡ'oŋ

t'oŋ/ȶ'oŋ

宂27

鐘 14

鱅 邕 胷13

䃔8 賨 [鬆]7

d'oŋ/ȡ'oŋ

奉

voiceless

noŋ/ȵoŋ

覂19 捧

second-voiceless

koŋ

17

voiced

k'oŋ

𪁪15 湩16

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

koŋ

g'oŋ

醲

voiceless

k'oŋ

tsoŋ/tɕoŋ

重

second-voiceless

g'oŋ

ts'oŋ/tɕ'oŋ

soŋ/ɕoŋ

蹱9

voiced

ŋoŋ

zoŋ/ʑoŋ

逢

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsoŋ/tɕoŋ

ʔoŋ

峯

voiceless

ts'oŋ/tɕ'oŋ

37

封

second-voiceless

dz'oŋ/dʑ'oŋ

6

voiced

宗

齒音

dental

voiceless

zoŋ/ʑoŋ

攻5

voiced

ʔoŋ

xoŋ

農4

voiceless

xoŋ

冬1 [炵]2 彤3

second-voiceless

ɣoŋ

The 2nd table of inner pattern tōng 內轉通 第二

喉音

guttural

voiced

joŋ

loŋ

縱

soŋ/ɕoŋ

voiceless and voiced

茸

濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

loŋ

龍

voiceless and voiced

-oŋ roŋ

舂

清濁

roŋ

-oŋ

䃧

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-oŋ

冬

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

second-voiceless voiceless

b'oŋ/voŋ

poŋ/foŋ

燭 辱 欲56

錄 56

鵠

旭

熇

局 曲 輂 51

瘃49 梀50 躅

梏42 酷 褥 毒 41

續 粟 促 足

贖

54 53 52

束

蜀

55

沃 洬

頌 從 縱

44

用 雍38 37

種

[𤛹]43 傶

32

䃔31

moŋ/ɱoŋ

tok/ȶok mok/ɱok

48

voiced

toŋ/ȶoŋ

t'ok/ȶ'ok

b'ok/vok

幞47

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

t'oŋ/ȶ'oŋ

d'ok/ȡ'ok

pok/fok

䪁46

voiceless

d'oŋ/ȡ'oŋ

nok/ȵok

篤

second-voiceless

noŋ/ȵoŋ

瑁

voiced

koŋ

僕

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

k'oŋ

40

voiceless

g'oŋ

襮39

second-voiceless

共

voiced

tsok/tɕok

恐

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsoŋ/tɕoŋ

dz'ok/dʑ'ok ts'ok/tɕ'ok

湩34 踵35 重 [𢫨]36 供

voiceless

dz'oŋ/dʑ'oŋ

33

second-voiceless

sok/ɕok

俸

voiced

zok/ʑok

觸

soŋ/ɕoŋ

zoŋ/ʑoŋ

ʔok

葑

齒音

dental

voiceless

ɣok

宋

voiced

ʔoŋ

綜

voiceless

jok

xok

30

second-voiceless

ɣoŋ

統

voiced

joŋ

29

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

燭

贚

lok

玉

loŋ

雺28

voiceless and voiced

-ok

[濼]45

用 䩸

rok

宋

清濁

roŋ

濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

voiceless and voiced

-oŋ

-ok

-oŋ

沃

Pan Wenguo

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清

38

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

nɔŋ/ȵɔŋ d'ɔŋ/ȡ'ɔŋ t'ɔŋ/ȶ'ɔŋ tɔŋ/ȶɔŋ mɔŋ/ɱɔŋ

講 慃 [傋]14 項

瀧 [胦]8 肛9 𢭎10 窓6 [淙]7 雙 [㟅]5

mɔŋ/ɱɔŋ b'ɔŋ/vɔŋ

pɔŋ/fɔŋ

b'ɔŋ/vɔŋ p'ɔŋ/f'ɔŋ pɔŋ/fɔŋ

kɔŋ

講

清濁 清濁

清濁 kɔŋ

㭋 𠈵13

voiceless

k'ɔŋ

12

second-voiceless

ŋɔŋ

𦂌11

voiced

ts'ɔŋ/tɕ'ɔŋ

腔

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

dz'ɔŋ/dʑ'ɔŋ

江

voiceless

sɔŋ/ɕɔŋ

ʔɔŋ

𦗳4

second-voiceless

ʔɔŋ

xɔŋ

幢

voiced

xɔŋ

惷

齒音

dental

voiceless

ɣɔŋ

厖2 樁3

voiced

ɣɔŋ

龎

voiceless

-ɔŋ

jɔŋ

胮1

second-voiceless

lɔŋ

The 3rd table of outer pattern jiāng 外轉江 邦 第三

voiced

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ɔŋ

江

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

39

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

kɔŋ

d'ɔŋ/ȡ'ɔŋ t'ɔŋ/ȶ'ɔŋ tɔŋ/ȶɔŋ

覺 犖 學 㕰26 渥 朔 浞 娖 嶽25 捉

kɔk nɔk/ȵɔk d'ɔk/ȡ'ɔk

mɔk/ɱɔk

t'ɔk/ȶ'ɔk tɔk/ȶɔk

b'ɔk/vɔk p'ɔŋ/f'ɔŋ

覺 𣪊24

k'ɔk

搦

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

ŋɔk

邈 斵22 逴23 濁

voiceless

tsɔk/tɕɔk

雹

second-voiceless

ts'ɔk/tɕ'ɔk

p'ɔk/f'ɔk

璞

voiced

dz'ɔk/dʑ'ɔk

pɔk/fɔk

剝

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

漴 [淙]19

voiceless

ts'ɔŋ/tɕ'ɔŋ

䎫

second-voiceless

dz'ɔŋ/dʑ'ɔŋ

sɔk/ɕɔk

絳

voiced

sɔŋ/ɕɔŋ

18

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔɔk

戇 𥈄17 䡴

voiced

xɔk

16

voiceless

ɣɔk

濁 清

second-voiceless

ɣɔŋ

清

喉音

guttural

voiced

巷

清濁 清濁

lɔk

20

清濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

rɔk

voiceless and voiced

labial

-ɔk

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ɔŋ

絳

Pan Wenguo

肨15

40

紙 爾 徙

酏

邐 弛 是21 倚22 𪖪23

躧

此 紫

紙

侈

𦧇

20

㧗

[企] 17

掎

16

被

p'i/f'i

㱟

諀

pi/fi

13

婢

渳

b'i/vi

靡

mi/ɱi

彼

14

㨖

褫

豸 狔

15

ni/ȵi

綺

18

祇

技 蟻

移 訑 斯 疵 雌 貲

宜

pi/fi

奇

p'i/f'i

㩻5

b'i/vi

羈

mi/ɱi

ki

19

支 兒 離 8 8

眵 支

絁9 提10 漪 犧11

[ 齹] 7 釃

ti/ȶi

ki

彌

俾

voiceless

ti/ȶi

k'i

g'i

陴

second-voiceless

t'i/ȶ'i

k'i

卑 [𤿎]

voiced

t'i/ȶ'i

g'i

ŋi

3

唇音

voiceless and voiced

d'i/ȡ'i

ŋi

1

voiceless

d'i/ȡ'i

馳

secondvoiceless

tsi/tɕi

tsi/tɕi

摛4

voiced

ts'i/tɕ'i

如

舌音

voiceless and voiced

ts'i/tɕ'i

糜2

voiceless

dz'i/dʑ'i

dz'i/dʑ'i

皮

second-voiceless

si/ɕi

si/ɕi

鈹

voiced

zi/ʑi

陂

牙音

voiceless and voiced

ʔi

差

voiceless

zi/ʑi

xi

[齜]6

second-voiceless

ʔi

The 4th table of inner pattern zhǐ 內轉止 第四

齒音

voiced

xi

ji

次清 濁

second-voiceless

ji

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiced

12

清濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

li

voiceless dental

li

voiceless and voiced

voiced

velar

ri

ri

voiceless

lingual

-i

voiceless and voiced

voiceless and voiced

labial

-i

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

41

寘

Pan Wenguo

voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

詈 易 戲 積

刺

漬

賜

縊

34

翅 豉 倚

屣

𨛅 寘 議

b'i/vi p'i/f'i pi/fi

企 馶

28

避

secondvoiceless

ni/ȵi

譬

voiced

ki

臂

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

寄 [㞆] 芰

voiceless

k'i

智

second-voiceless

g'i

26

voiced

ŋi

髲

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsi/tɕi

25

voiceless

ts'i/tɕ'i

帔

second-voiceless

dz'i/dʑ'i

24

voiced

si/ɕi

賁

齒音

dental

voiceless

zi/ʑi

33

voiced

ʔi

31

voiceless

xi

29

second-voiceless

27

voiced

ji

𧙁32

清濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

li

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-i

30

42

second-voiceless voiceless voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

kui

d'ui/ȡ'ui

tui/ȶui

紙 蘂 累 䓈 惢 髓 𤡪 觜

揣15

15

捶 硊

跬

kui

跪12 𧻜13

闚3

k'ui

詭

k'ui

槻2

劑6

g'ui

18

蒍

眭

吹 䮔5 危 4

衰7

ŋui

11

voiced

ŋui

tsui/tɕui

10

voiceless and voiced

tsui/tɕui

1

voiceless

ts'ui/tɕ'ui

虧

second-voiceless

ts'ui/tɕ'ui

媯

voiced

dz'ui/dʑ'ui

鬌

voiceless and voiced

毀

隨

8

sui/ɕui

sui/ɕui

17

垂

zui/ʑui

ʔui

14

䔺9 隳

逶

zui/ʑui

[菙]16 委

支 痿 羸 為 麾

ʔui

䪎8

xui

腄

voiceless

牙音

xui

清濁

voiced second-voiceless

舌音

jui

The 5th table of inner pattern zhǐ 內轉止 第五

齒音

voiceless

唇音

jui

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁

voiced

次清 濁

喉音

guttural dental

lui

lui

voiced

velar

rui

voiceless and voiced

voiceless

lingual

-ui

rui

voiceless and voiced

labial

-ui voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

43

voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

䄲 瓗 恚 孈

為

累 26

餧 [毀]25

24

睡

k'ui

瀡 吹 觖

second-voiceless

kui

d'ui/ȡ'ui

tui/ȶui

nui/ȵui

[瞡]

voiced

ŋui

tsui/tɕui

23

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

21

voiceless

ts'ui/tɕ'ui

惴

second-voiceless

sui/ɕui

偽

voiced

zui/ʑui

ʔui

22

voiceless 齒音

dental

voiced

xui

縋 諉20

voiceless

jui

娷19

second-voiceless

清濁

voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lui

清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁

voiceless and voiced

rui

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ui

寘

Pan Wenguo

䞈

44

旨 履 矢17 視 㰻18

死 兕 姊16

ti/ȶi mi/ɱi b'i/vi p'i/f'i pi/fi

匕

牝

美

黹12 𡳭13

雉

柅14

几

跽

t'i/ȶ'i

否

茨 私 咨 郪6

15

尸7 鴟 脂

師

旨

姨9 伊 [咦]8

19

脂 梨10

pi/fi

10

p'i/f'i

d'i/ȡ'i

嚭11

voiceless

b'i/vi

ni/ȵi

鄙

second-voiceless

mi/ɱi

ki

毗2

voiced

ti/ȶi

g'i

紕

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

狋5

voiceless

t'i/ȶ'i

鬐4

second-voiceless

d'i/ȡ'i

tsi/tɕi

飢

voiced

ni/ȵi

si/ɕi

尼

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

ki

ts'i/tɕ'i

si/ɕi

墀3

voiceless

zi/ʑi

絺

second-voiceless

g'i

ʔi

胝

voiced

ŋi

ʔi

眉

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsi/tɕi

xi

邳1

voiceless

丕

second-voiceless

dz'i/dʑ'i

悲

清濁

voiced

ji

The 6th table of inner pattern zhǐ 內轉止 第六

齒音

dental

voiceless

清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

次清 濁

voiceless

清濁 清

second-voiceless

次清 濁

voiced

清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

li

li

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

-i

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

-i

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

45

至

Pan Wenguo

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

肄

利

二

ti/ȶi

b'i/vi

四

26

次

自

25

恣

示 屍 嗜 懿 痓 器

棄

冀21

22

劓

至

23

齂

27

mi/ɱi

地 寐

voiceless

t'i/ȶ'i

ni/ȵi

鼻

second-voiceless

d'i/ȡ'i

k'i

p'i/f'i

屁

voiced

ŋi

pi/fi

痺

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

ki

ts'i/tɕ'i

膩

voiceless

緻

second-voiceless

g'i

杘20

voiced

si/ɕi

致

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsi/tɕi

zi/ʑi

郿

voiceless

ʔi

濞

second-voiceless

dz'i/dʑ'i

xi

秘

voiced

ji

24

齒音

dental

voiceless

清濁

voiced

清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless

次清 濁

second-voiceless

清濁 清

voiced

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

li

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

ri

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-i

備

46

唇音

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

壘

惟

洧14

倠

䁤13

綏

唯

蕊

旨

脂 蕤 5 4 3

k'ui

kui

kui

d'ui/ȡ'ui

d'ui/ȡ'ui

tui/ȶui

tui/ȶui

㠑 趡

k'ui

12

濢

軌8 巋10 跽11

癸9

ts'ui/tɕ'ui

揆

g'ui

水

誰 衰

嶉

voiceless

葵

second-voiceless

推

voiced

錐

舌音

voiceless and voiced

g'ui

逵

voiceless

tsui/tɕui

巋

second-voiceless

tsui/tɕui

龜

voiced

ts'ui/tɕ'ui

鎚

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

dz'ui/dʑ'ui

追

voiceless

sui/ɕui

2

second-voiceless

sui/ɕui

1

voiced

zui/ʑui

The 7th table of inner pattern zhǐ 內轉止 第七

齒音

dental

voiceless

xui

xui

清濁 清

voiced

jui

次清 濁

second-voiceless

lui

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiced

rui

㶟7

清濁 清濁

lui

-ui

帷6

清濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁

rui

voiceless

lingual

jui

voiceless and voiced

voiceless and voiced

labial

-ui

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

47

至

Pan Wenguo

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

tui/ȶui

侐 萃 邃 遂 19

醉

翠

位

遺

類 24

豷23 㽷22

d'ui/ȡ'ui

悸

kui

17

voiceless

k'ui

季

second-voiceless

g'ui

19

voiced

15

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsui/tɕui

17

voiceless

ts'ui/tɕ'ui

15

second-voiceless

dz'ui/dʑ'ui 出

voiced

sui/ɕui

墜16

齒音

dental

voiceless

zui/ʑui

轛15

voiced

帥21

清濁 清濁

voiceless

xui

清濁 清

second-voiceless

次清 濁

voiced

jui

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lui

㿷20

清濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ui

愧17 喟18 匱19

48

ŋi

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

止 耳

ni/ȵi d'i/ȡ'i

d'i/ȡ'i

t'i/ȶ'i

t'i/ȶ'i ti/ȶi

以18

里 矣17 喜16 枲14 似

譩 始 市 齒 起

[抾]

其

ki

徵10 恥11 峙 [伱]12 紀

voiceless

欺

second-voiceless

姬1

voiced

ki

k'i

治

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

k'i

癡

voiceless

g'i

The 8th table of inner pattern zhǐ 內轉 止第 八

second-voiceless

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

牙音

velar

voiced

子

tsi/tɕi

止

士

ts'i/tɕ'i

滓 𠟴13

飴 思 詞 慈

史 俟15

8

dz'i/dʑ'i

si/ɕi

擬

之 而 釐9 8

僖

ŋi

漦6

詩 時 醫7

tsi/tɕi

zi/ʑi

2

voiceless and voiced

ʔi

兹

voiceless

ts'i/tɕ'i

xi

蚩

second-voiceless

dz'i/dʑ'i

xi

之

voiced

si/ɕi

ji

ji

疑

齒音

dental

voiceless

zi/ʑi

茬5

voiced

ʔi

甾3 輜4

voiceless

清濁

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

li

li

清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

ri

ri

濁

voiceless and voiced

-i

清

voiceless and voiced

-i

清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

49

志

Pan Wenguo

second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

k'i ki

d'i/ȡ'i

餌 字 笥 寺

異

吏

ti/ȶi

蚝

20

試 侍 意22 熹23 熾 志 䰯 忌

t'i/ȶ'i

19

g'i

ŋi

亟

voiced

tsi/tɕi

記

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ts'i/tɕ'i

眙

voiceless

dz'i/dʑ'i

置

second-voiceless

si/ɕi

事 𩢲21

voiced

zi/ʑi

xi

廁

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔi

ji

胾

voiced

清濁

voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

清

voiced

濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

li

清

voiceless and voiced

ri

清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-i

值

50

second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

-i

尾

xi

狶2

微

扆 顗

希 依1

ʔi ŋi

xi

清濁

豈

voiced

蟣

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

k'i

voiceless

ki

second-voiceless

沂

voiced

祈

齒音

dental

voiceless

機

voiced

ʔi

voiceless

ŋi

second-voiceless

g'i

voiced

ki

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

The 9th table of inner pattern zhǐ 內轉止 第九

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-i

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

51

voiceless

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

5 4

衣 4 欷5

ʔi

xi

清濁

毅

second-voiceless

[䤒]3

voiced

氣

齒音

dental

voiceless

既

voiced

ŋi

voiceless

g'i

second-voiceless

k'i

voiced

ki

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

voiceless and voiced

未

Pan Wenguo -i

52

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

b'ui/vui p'ui/f'ui pui/fui

尾

b'ui/vui p'ui/f'ui pui/fui

磈

虺

韙

mui/ɱui

鬼

mui/ɱui

kui

尾

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

kui

k'ui

膹6

voiceless

k'ui

g'ui

斐

second-voiceless

g'ui

ŋui

匪

voiced

ŋui

微

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

幃5

voiceless

輝4

second-voiceless

威

voiced

巍

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔui

3

voiced

ʔui

xui

蘬

voiceless

xui

歸

second-voiceless

jui

微

voiced

jui

肥

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

-ui

奜1 霏2

清濁

voiceless and voiced

-ui

The 10th table of inner pattern zhǐ 內轉止 第十

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

53

齒音

dental

voiceless voiced second-voiceless voiceless

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

ŋui g'ui k'ui kui

mui/ɱui

胃10 諱 慰9 魏

voiced

ʔui

8

voiceless

xui

b'ui/vui p'ui/f'ui

費

second-voiceless

pui/fui

沸

voiced

jui

𥽂

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

貴

清濁

voiceless and voiced

7

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ui

未

Pan Wenguo

未

54

唇音

labial

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

t'iu/ȶ'iu

tiu/ȶiu

tiu/ȶiu

語 墅14 𢮁16 許 暑 紓 杵 煑

語 去 巨 舉 女 佇 貯 楮

所 齟 楚 阻

12 11

疽 且

3

tsiu/tɕiu

10

徐 胥

余

9

於7 虚8 蜍6 書 諸

鋤4 踈5 初 葅2

與

t'iu/ȶ'iu

ts'iu/tɕ'iu

叙

d'iu/ȡ'iu

dz'iu/dʑ'iu

諝

d'iu/ȡ'iu

ʔiu

咀

niu/ȵiu

xiu

苴 𤿚

niu/ȵiu

汝

kiu

siu/ɕiu

呂

kiu

ziu/ʑiu

ts'iu/tɕ'iu

jiu

15

k'iu

xiu

55

13

魚 如 臚

k'iu

9

魚 渠

voiceless and voiced

g'iu

墟

voiceless

g'iu

居

second-voiceless

ŋiu

袽

voiced

ŋiu

除

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

tsiu/tɕiu

攄

voiceless

dz'iu/dʑ'iu

猪1

second-voiceless

siu/ɕiu

jiu

The 11th table of inner pattern yù 內轉遇 第十一

voiced

清濁

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless

清

second-voiceless

濁

voiced

ziu/ʑiu

清

voiceless 齒音

dental

voiced

ʔiu

次清 濁

voiceless

清濁 清

second-voiceless

次清 濁

voiced

liu

liu

清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

riu

riu

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

-iu

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

-iu

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

Pan Wenguo

voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

kiu

御 豫

g'iu

洳

tsiu/tɕiu

慮

dz'iu/dʑ'iu

飫 嘘25

k'iu

niu/ȵiu d'iu/ȡ'iu

tiu/ȶiu

t'iu/ȶ'iu

絮 [𡲁] 怚 覻

22

恕 䬡20 處 䘖 遽

ŋiu

詛 楚21 助 疏23

ts'iu/tɕ'iu

署

24

xiu

女

second-voiceless

siu/ɕiu

jiu

著 絮17 筯18

voiced

清濁

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless

清

second-voiceless

濁

voiced

ziu/ʑiu

清

voiceless 齒音

dental

voiced

ʔiu

次清 濁

voiceless

清濁 清

second-voiceless

次清 濁

voiced

清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

liu

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

riu

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-iu

據19 㰦

56

儒 逾12

慺 于

鬚11

訏 趨 諏

ŋu

ts'iu/tɕ'iu

樞

tsu/tɕu

毹

ts'u/tɕ'u

siu/ɕiu

輸 殊 紆

模 盧 胡 呼

dz'u/dʑ'u

su/ɕu

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

tiu/ȶiu

mu/ɱu

miu/ɱiu

b'u/vu

b'iu/viu

p'u/f'u pu/fu

虞 劬8 區 拘 㕑

tu/ȶu

貙

t'iu/ȶ'iu

株

t'u/ȶ'u

無

[㑳]

枯 孤

d'iu/ȡ'iu

扶

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

d'u/ȡ'u

p'iu/f'iu

敷7

voiceless

nu/ȵu

piu/fiu

跗6

second-voiceless

kiu

奴

voiced

ku

徒

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

k'iu

㻌

voiceless

k'u

都

second-voiceless

g'iu

模

voiced

ŋiu

𥠵1 匍2

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsiu/tɕiu

The 12th table of inner pattern 逋 yù 內轉遇 第十二

voiceless

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

9

second-voiceless

ziu/ʑiu

朱

voiced

ʔiu

䅳

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔu

芻

voiced

xiu

烏

voiceless

xu

10

second-voiceless

ɣu

徂4 蘓5

voiced

liu jiu

麁3

清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lu

租

清濁

voiceless and voiced

-iu riu

吾

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-u

虞

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

57

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

k'u

k'iu

ku

kiu

nu/ȵu d'u/ȡ'u t'u/ȶ'u tu/ȶu mu/ɱu b'u/vu p'u/f'u pu/fu

乳25 庾24

縷 羽

取

聚 䋶20

豎21 傴22 詡23 19 18

主 寠 麌17

[䝒]18 數19

g'iu

齲

户 塢15 虎 粗 蔖 祖

ŋiu

d'iu/ȡ'iu

柱

舌音

voiceless and voiced

ŋu

武 𪐴16

voiceless

tsiu/tɕiu

tiu/ȶiu miu/ɱiu b'iu/viu p'iu/f'iu piu/fiu

父

second-voiceless

tsu/tɕu

撫

voiced

ts'iu/tɕ'iu

dz'iu/dʑ'iu

甫

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ts'u/tɕ'u

五

voiceless

dz'u/dʑ'u

苦

second-voiceless

siu/ɕiu

杜 怒14 古

voiced

ʔiu ziu/ʑiu

土

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔu

xiu

覩

voiced

xu

姥

second-voiceless

ɣu

簿

喉音

guttural

voiced

jiu

矩

清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

liu

voiceless

lingual

姥

清濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

riu

voiceless and voiced

labial

-iu

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-u

麌

Pan Wenguo

補13 普

58

ŋiu

tu/ȶu mu/ɱu b'u/vu p'u/f'u pu/fu

42

娶 緅

p'iu/f'iu piu/fiu

kiu

d'iu/ȡ'iu t'iu/ȶ'iu tiu/ȶiu miu/ɱiu

裕

屢 38

b'iu/viu

赴

t'u/ȶ'u

付

d'u/ȡ'u

暮 妬26 菟27 渡 笯28 顧 袴29

nu/ȵu

捕

ku

k'iu

怖

k'u

布

g'iu

注

tsiu/tɕiu

遇

[作]30 厝31

ŋu

ts'iu/tɕ'iu

懼

tsu/tɕu

捒40

祚

ts'u/tɕ'u

dz'iu/dʑ'iu 菆37

訴

dz'u/dʑ'u

siu/ɕiu

36

su/ɕu

誤

ziu/ʑiu

𡒍39 尠

ʔiu

屨35 驅

ʔu

xiu

駐 [𨳳]34 住

xu

務

ɣu

汙32 謼33 䕶

jiu

芋

liu

附

lu

路

riu

戍 樹 嫗 煦41

-iu

暮

-u

遇

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

59

d'ai/ȡ'ai t'ai/ȶ'ai tai/ȶai

齊 23

齊 妻 齎 泥 雞20 谿

d'iai/ȡ'iai

p'ai/f'ai

𪘨 [搋]

b'ai/vai

miai/ɱiai b'iai/viai

牌

mai/ɱai

t'iai/ȶ'iai

埋

9

4

西

11

21

栘

鷖

[𢰇]

12

俙

黎

唻

13

諧

14

臡23 niai/ȵiai

𨣓 奚22

-ai 皆 豺 [崽] 差 [𩂢] 齋 揩 皆

nai/ȵai

摨

咍 6

來 孩5 咍

kiai

ŋiai

啼19

voiceless

kai

dz'iai/dʑ'iai

豍15 批16 鼙17 迷 低18 梯

second-voiceless

k'iai

ʔiai

8

voiced

k'ai

xiai

7

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

鰓

voiceless

裁

second-voiceless

猜

voiced

災3

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

ŋai

皚

voiceless

tsiai/tɕiai

開

second-voiceless

tsai/tɕai

該

voiced

ts'iai/tɕ'iai

能

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ts'ai/tɕ'ai

臺

voiceless

dz'ai/dʑ'ai

胎

second-voiceless

siai/ɕiai

𪒴

voiced

sai/ɕai

ɣiai

zai/ʑai

[𡜊]1 𤗏2

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔai

liai

tiai/ȶiai

p'iai/f'iai piai/fiai

The 13th table of outer pattern xiè 外轉 蟹第 十三

voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless

xai

濁 清

second-voiceless

ɣai

清

voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lai

rai

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

-iai

清

voiceless and voiced

-ai

哀

Pan Wenguo

舌齒音

lingual-dental

60

霽 麗 蒵 66

翳65 細 嚌 詣

k'iai

計 契63

霽 砌64

ŋiai

泥

d'iai/ȡ'iai

帝

tiai/ȶiai

迷

t'iai/ȶ'iai

替

niai/ȵiai

第62

kiai

miai/ɱiai

p'iai/f'iai

媲

piai/fiai

閉

去聲 寄此

b'iai/viai

47

piai/fiai

60

掣 猘 憩54 偈55 㓷56 制

b'iai/viai

㿃51 跇52 滯53

米

mai/ɱai

p'iai/f'iai

世59 逝 䋵60

57

瘥 𦗐50 瘵

礙 43

miai/ɱiai

耐

邸

tai/ȶai

tiai/ȶiai

代

體

t'ai/ȶ'ai

t'iai/ȶ'iai

貸

弟

d'ai/ȡ'ai

戴

禰

nai/ȵai

䆀

k'ai

溉 慨42

g'ai

褹48 誡49 炫

載

tsiai/tɕiai

薜

械 譮 噫 鎩58

𧶘 菜

tsai/tɕai

載44

洗

騃

ts'iai/tɕ'iai

41

p'ai/f'ai

ts'ai/tɕ'ai

陛

b'ai/vai

dz'iai/dʑ'iai

ŋai

siai/ɕiai

䫌

mai/ɱai

33

tai/ȶai

鍇34 楷

愷 改

t'ai/ȶ'ai

d'iai/ȡ'iai

啡24 倍25 䆀

d'ai/ȡ'ai

niai/ȵiai

24

nai/ȵai

dz'ai/dʑ'ai

kai

乃

kai

k'iai

等 [㘆]26 駘

k'ai

ŋiai

薺

38

tsiai/tɕiai

ʔiai

泚

茝

ts'iai/tɕ'iai

ɣiai

堄38 濟

dz'iai/dʑ'iai

ŋai

liai

sai/ɕai

啓

siai/ɕiai

28

29

tsai/tɕai

[儗] 瀣

zai/ʑai

在

ts'ai/tɕ'ai

愛

ʔiai

賽

ɣiai

宰 採27

dz'ai/dʑ'ai

-ai 祭61

ʔai

例

40

xai

-ai 恠

傒40

ɣai

代

薺 禮

lai

-iai

61

[疓]32

駭 37

駭36

32

liai

39

ʔai

-ai

𠯋

xai

-iai

36

ɣai

-ai

挨35

jai

亥 [佁]30 [𨦂]31

lai

海

rai

欸

-ai

海

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

清

sai/ɕai

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

dz'ai/dʑ'ai

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

d'ai/ȡ'ai

voiceless

voiced

齒音

dental

voiceless voiced second-voiceless voiceless

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced

䜕 㕢73 72

濁 清

ʔai

清

voiceless

xai

喝

second-voiceless

ɣai

[寨]71

voiced

70

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

kai

t'ai/ȶ'ai

芥69

voiceless and voiced

68

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ai

夬

Pan Wenguo

蠆67

62

tsuai/tɕuai

ŋuai

ŋuai

k'uai kuai

9

t'uai/ȶ'uai tuai/ȶuai muai/ɱuai b'uai/vuai

ʔuai

瘣 賄 猥

xuai

暌

kuiai

圭

k'uai

罪 頠 嶊13 皠14 12

匯

k'uiai

乖

dz'uai/dʑ'uai

䫥

[膗]

7

15

烓10 睳11 攜

崴

15

d'uai/ȡ'uai

賄17

tsuai/tɕuai

dz'uai/dʑ'uai

𥗼16

ts'uai/tɕ'uai

齊

[䐯] 懷 虺

ts'uai/tɕ'uai

-uai 皆

灰

suai/ɕuai

ɣuai

nuai/ȵuai

餒

d'uai/ȡ'uai

鐓

nuai/ȵuai

second-voiceless voiceless

骽 浼

b'uai/vuai

p'uai/f'uai puai/fuai

𦞙

muai/ɱuai

琲

[尵]

𨌴 磓

voiced

tuai/ȶuai

枚

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

裴

voiceless

t'uai/ȶ'uai

肧

second-voiceless

杯

voiced

The 14th table of outer pattern xiè 外轉蟹 第十四

舌音

lingual

6

voiceless and voiced

雷

voiceless

回

second-voiceless

灰

voiced

8

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

隈

voiceless

ʔuiai

摧4 𤗯5

second-voiceless

ʔuai

崔

voiced

xuiai

朘3

齒音

dental

voiceless

xuai

鮠

voiced

ɣuiai

恢

voiceless

ɣuai

luai

1

second-voiceless

-uai

瓌2

清濁

voiced

luai

穨

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

-uiai

-uai

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

63

舌音

lingual

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

霽

祭 芮

恠

嚖38 慧

[䂕]36 税 啜35

[𧱳]28 壞 𠻜34

衛

纇23 潰 𩱽22 誨 碎

33

31

聵27

贅

32

㯔

21

ŋuai

tsuiai/tɕuiai

kuai

tuiai/ȶuiai

p'uai/f'uai puai/fuai

nuai/ȵuai d'uai/ȡ'uai t'uai/ȶ'uai tuai/ȶuai muai/ɱuai b'uai/vuai

kuiai

37

k'uiai

劌 [𥏙]30

k'uai

29

voiceless and voiced

tsuai/tɕuai

綴

voiceless

ts'uai/tɕ'uai

suiai/ɕuiai

恠26 蒯

second-voiceless

suai/ɕuai

湃 憊24 䀛 顡25

voiced

xuiai

拜

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ɣuiai

zuiai/ʑuiai

磑 晬20 倅

voiceless

-uiai

19

second-voiceless

ʔuai

塊

voiced

xuai

憒

齒音

dental

voiceless

ɣuai

內

voiced

juiai

隊

voiceless

luai

對 𨓆18

second-voiceless

ruiai

妹

voiced

-uiai

配

清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

-uai

背

清濁

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-uai

隊

Pan Wenguo

佩

64

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables 夬

-uai

咶

話

ɣuai

kuai

快 敗

puai/fuai 去聲 寄此

b'uai/vuai

敗39

muai/ɱuai

夬

k'uai

邁

ts'uai/tɕ'uai

40

ʔuai

嘬

䵳

xuai

65

second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

kai nai/ȵai

mai/ɱai b'ai/vai

蟹 蟹 [灑]13 䒓9 [箉]10 𧡋11 抧12

kai nai/ȵai d'ai/ȡ'ai

t'ai/ȶ'ai

矮

佳 㗨 柴

k'ai

解

voiced

g'ai

豸7 妳8

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

ŋai

mai/ɱai b'ai/vai

pai/fai

買

voiceless

ŋai

罷

second-voiceless

tsai/tɕai

ts'ai/tɕ'ai

擺

voiced

娃

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

崽5

voiceless

dz'ai/dʑ'ai

釵

second-voiceless

sai/ɕai

崖4

voiced

sai/ɕai

ʔai

3

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔai

佳

voiced

xai

䍲

voiceless

ɣai

The 15th table of outer pattern xiè 外轉 蟹第 十五

second-voiceless

ɣai

扠2

濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

-ai

1

清濁

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ai

膎6

Pan Wenguo

牌

66

廢

祭 曵 藝24 祭25

卦 邂 謑

26

刈29

29

28

p'iai/f'iai

pai/fai

piai/fiai

27

p'ai/f'ai

去聲 寄此

b'ai/vai

隘 㾹

斾

b'iai/viai

霈

mai/ɱai

㠔

眛

miai/ɱiai

貝

tai/ȶai

ŋai

帶 泰14 大15 捺16

t'ai/ȶ'ai

懈

kai

d'ai/ȡ'ai

ŋiai

𡢖

k'ai

nai/ȵai

tsiai/tɕiai

蔽 潎22 𡚁23 袂

ŋai

艾

tsai/tɕai

差

蔡17

dz'ai/dʑ'ai ts'ai/tɕ'ai

jiai

-ai

曬

sai/ɕai

-iai

債

ʔai

餀

xai

藹

ɣai

-ai

睚

泰

lai

害

-ai

賴

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

67

second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

kuai

d'uai/ȡ'uai

k'uai kuai

6

[扮]7 [夥]8

voiced

ʔuai

5

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

[𦫳]4

voiceless

xuai

[㧳]3

second-voiceless

佳

voiced

鼃2

齒音

dental

voiceless

竵

voiced

xuai

ɣuai

蛙

voiceless

ɣuai

咼1

清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清

voiced

清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

-uai

The 16th table of outer pattern xiè 外轉 蟹第 十六

清濁

voiceless and voiced

濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-uai

[蟹]

Pan Wenguo

媧

68

tsuiai/tɕuiai

喙 穢 28

䐱

p'uai/f'uai puai/fuai 去聲 寄此

𥺛

puai/fuai

b'uai/vuai

派

b'uai/vuai

庍

muai/ɱuai

賣

娧

tuai/ȶuai

p'uai/f'uai

22

卦

𥢶9 儈

t'uai/ȶ'uai

祋

d'uai/ȡ'uai

兑

kuai

k'uai

𥏙27 𤜂

g'uai k'uai

廢

祭 鋭 嵗

𠻜

24

蕞 [𥕸]12

ts'uiai/tɕ'uiai

廢 肺25 吠26

ŋuai

suiai/ɕuiai

蕝 毳23

tsuai/tɕuai

11

ts'uai/tɕ'uai

外10 最

dz'uai/dʑ'uai

篲

-uai

卦 畫

21

ʔuai zuiai/ʑuiai

suai/ɕuai

-uai

xuai

諣

𧬨

ʔuai

juiai

20

xuai

懀9

ɣuai

-uiai

20

泰

luai

會

-uai

酹

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

69

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

真

礥

夤14

鄰 13

15

仁16

臻

因 秦 新11 親 津

申 辰 𪔱12 瞋 真

[𧼒]10

銀 㨷9

g'ən

kən

神

莘 榛

清濁 清濁 清濁

-ən

痕1 恩

1

ŋən

nən/ȵən d'ən/ȡ'ən t'ən/ȶ'ən tən/ȶən mən/ɱən b'ən/vən p'ən/f'ən pən/fən

賓4 繽6 頻7 民8

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

tsən/tɕən

巾

voiceless

ts'ən/tɕ'ən

陳

second-voiceless

dz'ən/dʑ'ən

𤣆

voiced

sən/ɕən

珍

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

zən/ʑən

珉

voiceless

ʔən

斌3 [砏]5 貧

second-voiceless

ɣən

臻

voiced

jən

2

齒音

dental

voiceless

lən

垠

voiced

rən

根

voiceless

-ən

The 17th table of outer pattern zhēn 外轉 臻第 十七

second-voiceless

清 濁 清 次清 濁

voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ən

痕

Pan Wenguo

吞

70

沒

震

麧

21

ɣuət

胤

53

53

印

釁52

恨

信

呻

50

親 晉

憖48 震

42 41

儐

pən/fən

40

p'ən/f'ən

56 55

45

[呁] [螼]

47

僅 菣46 疹43 陣

艮

鎮

37

紧

螼26 25

26

牝 泯 3

b'ən/vən

tən/ȶən 21

mən/ɱən

t'ən/ȶ'ən

21

tən/ȶən

d'ən/ȡ'ən

20

t'ən/ȶ'ən

kən

紖

d'ən/ȡ'ən

k'ən

愍22 [屒]24 辴

kən

墾

17

g'ən

44

ŋən

襯49

tsən/tɕən 䭓38

㯸

盡 笉

ts'ən/tɕ'ən

釿

ŋən

51

32 27

tsən/tɕən

軫

28

ts'ən/tɕ'ən

sən/ɕən 30

dz'ən/dʑ'ən

30

矧31 賢 [濜]29

sən/ɕən

ʔən

䭡39

35

xən

34

佷19

ɣən

zən/ʑən

k'ən

jən

18

ɣən

引

很

jən

52

lən

刄54

lən

遴

忍

rən

-ən

恨

軫

rən

-ən

32

-ən

僯36

-ən

-uət

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

71

舌音

lingual

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

質 日69

kət nət/ȵət d'ət/ȡ'ət t'ət/ȶ'ət

堲

匕

疾

悉

一

欯

𨓜

栗 65

詰

清濁 清濁 清濁

68

乙 肹67 失 實 叱 質 䎲

k'ət

吉

g'ət

63

voiceless and voiced

ŋət

62

voiceless

tsət/tɕət

tət/ȶət mət/ɱət

邲 蜜59 [蛭]60

second-voiceless

ts'ət/tɕ'ət

b'ət/vət p'ət/f'ət pət/fət

匹

voiced

dz'ət/dʑ'ət

必

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

sət/ɕət

姞

voiceless

ʔət

抶61 秩 昵63 暨64

second-voiceless

xət

窒

voiced

jət

弼 密58

齒音

dental

voiceless

-ət

筆

voiced

lət

𪗨

voiceless

rət

櫛 𠟴66

second-voiceless

清 濁 清 次清 濁

voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ət

櫛

Pan Wenguo

瑟

72

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

d'uən/ȡ'uən

d'ən/ȡ'ən

t'uən/ȶ'uən

t'ən/ȶ'ən

tuən/ȶuən

tən/ȶən

muən/ɱuən b'uən/vuən

puən/fuən

犉 逡 鷷12 荀 旬

14

匀

淪15 筠 純 贇 13

脣

遵 9

nuən/ȵuən

均8

kən

囷

kuən

麏7

k'ən

p'uən/f'uən

諄

11

tsən/tɕən 10

尊

ŋuən

k'uən

春

魂 論 昏3 魂4 温 存 孫 村

tsuən/tɕuən

䣩

voiceless

ts'ən/tɕ'ən

椿

second-voiceless

ts'uən/tɕ'uən

dz'ən/dʑ'ən

屯6

voiced

dz'uən/dʑ'uən

sən/ɕən

5

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

suən/ɕuən

㑮

voiceless

zən/ʑən

坤

second-voiceless

ʔən

昆

voiced

ʔuən

黁2

齒音

dental

voiceless

xuən

ɣuən

屯

voiced

jən

暾

voiceless

lən

敦

second-voiceless

luən

門

voiced

rən

奔 [歕]1 盆

次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

-ən

The 18th table of outer pattern zhēn 外轉臻 第十八

清濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-uən

真

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

73

second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

軫 30

29

尹

耣 殞28

㤻19 混 18

k'uən kuən nuən/ȵuən d'uən/ȡ'uən t'uən/ȶ'uən

muən/ɱuən b'uən/vuən p'uən/f'uən puən/fuən

k'ən

准25

t'ən/ȶ'ən

筍 26

蠢

盾 賰

27

穩 g'ən

窘24

voiced

tsən/tɕən

縻23

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsuən/tɕuən

ts'ən/tɕ'ən

22

voiceless

ts'uən/tɕ'uən

dz'ən/dʑ'ən

21

second-voiceless

dz'uən/dʑ'uən

sən/ɕən

[偆]20

voiced

suən/ɕuən

鱒 損

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔuən

忖

voiced

xuən

𠟃

voiceless

ɣuən

閫

second-voiceless

lən jən

囤 [㶧]17 𩩌

voiced

luən

懣

次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

-ən rən

本 [栩]16 獖

清濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-uən

混

Pan Wenguo

畽

74

lət

b'uən/vuən p'uən/f'uən puən/fuən

muət/ɱuət b'uət/vuət p'uət/f'uət

聿66 [獝]64 崒 䘏62

䬂63 56

𧽻57

59

tət/ȶət

橘55

54 52

tuət/ȶuət

t'ət/ȶ'ət

51

t'uət/ȶ'uət

d'ət/ȡ'ət

术53

d'uət/ȡ'uət

kət

㤕50 黜

骨 咄 宊44 突45 訥

呁36

困 睔 鈍 嫩33

nuət/ȵuət

𥩾42 勃43 沒

muən/ɱuən

kuət

32

tuən/ȶuən

kən

頓

d'uən/ȡ'uən

坌 悶

nuən/ȵuən

奔31 噴

kuən

k'uət

窟

g'ət k'uən

焌

ŋuət

卒

[𠭴]58

tsət/tɕət

61

tsuət/tɕuət

dz'ət/dʑ'ət

術

60

ts'ət/tɕ'ət

dz'uət/dʑ'uət

出

猝

47

捽 窣

sət/ɕət

卒

40

峻 殉39

38

順38 舜

suət/ɕuət ts'uət/tɕ'uət

tsən/tɕən

忽 搰48

慁 揾 惛35 dz'ən/dʑ'ən

ʔuət

xət

兀46

ŋuən

sən/ɕən

儁37

tsuən/tɕuən

zən/ʑən

稕

ts'uən/tɕ'uən

鐏 巽

dz'uən/dʑ'uən

xuət

寸

suən/ɕuən

焌34

ʔuən

ɣuət

顐

xuən

jət

韻41

jən

䫻65

律

luət 論

luən

ɣuən

質

-ət

75

67

沒

震

rən

-uət

49

-ən

閏

-uən

慁

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

牙音

velar

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

ŋiən

隱 脪 隱

g'iən

2

殷 ŋiən

g'iən

kiən

听

voiceless and voiced

近

voiceless

k'iən

赾

second-voiceless

kiən

謹

voiced

ʔiən

1

齒音

dental

voiceless

欣

voiced

ʔiən

xiən

殷

voiceless

xiən

䖐

second-voiceless

勤

voiced

斤

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

The 19th table of outer pattern zhēn 外轉 臻第 十九

清濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

voiceless and voiced

-iən

Pan Wenguo -iən

76

5

ŋiən

迄 迄 疙 乞

䞘

k'iət kiət

訖

垽 近

g'iət

靳

kiən

ŋiət

3

g'iən

xiət

傿

ʔiən

4

xiən

焮

6

-iət

焮

-iən

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

77

second-voiceless voiceless

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

b'uiən/vuiən p'uiən/f'uiən puiən/fuiən

抎 惲

文 雲

muiən/ɱuiən

煴

薰

kuiən 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

g'uiən

齳

牙音

velar

voiced

ŋuiən

k'uiən

[𧼐]3

voiceless and voiced

2

voiceless

muiən/ɱuiən b'uiən/vuiən p'uiən/f'uiən puiən/fuiən

吻

second-voiceless

憤

voiced

忿

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔuiən

粉

voiced

ʔuiən

羣1

voiceless

xuiən

君

second-voiceless

juiən

文

voiced

juiən

The 20th table of outer pattern zhēn 外轉 臻第 二十

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

汾

清濁

voiceless and voiced

-uiən

芬

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-uiən

吻

Pan Wenguo

分

78

䬑 8

屈

p'uiət/f'uiət

拂

6

b'uiət/vuiət

puiət/fuiət

物

muiət/ɱuiət

弗

puiən/fuiən

捃5

p'uiən/f'uiən

問

b'uiən/vuiən

kuiət

分

muiən/ɱuiən

k'uiət

湓4

kuiən

g'uiət

糞

g'uiən

郡

ŋuiət

鬱 𩗛

ʔuiət

倔 [崛]7

問 xuiət

佛

ʔuiən

運

xuiən

juiət

訓

juiən

-uiət

醖

-uiən

物

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

79

仙

元

-an

山

軒

仙 誕

miɛn/ɱiɛn

nan/ȵan d'an/ȡ'an

tan/ȶan

11

言

煎

㺗

遷

6

山

錢

蔫

黰

延

斕 閑 羴

kan

second-voiceless voiceless

b'iɛn/viɛn

pan/fan

p'iɛn/f'iɛn

篇

voiced

piɛn/fiɛn

鞭

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

譠

voiceless

The 21st table of outer pattern shān 外轉山 第二 斒 十一

second-voiceless

次清 濁

voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌音

lingual

2

voiceless and voiced

tsiɛn/tɕiɛn

便9 綿10

voiceless

k'an

攑

second-voiceless

𣘖

voiced

ŋan

8

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ts'an/tɕ'an

詽

voiceless

ts'iɛn/tɕ'iɛn

慳

second-voiceless

dz'an/dʑ'an

dz'iɛn/dʑ'iɛn

閒

voiced

san/ɕan

嘫

齒音

dental

voiceless

ziɛn/ʑiɛn siɛn/ɕiɛn

[𤣆]

voiced

ʔan

7

voiceless

xan

5

second-voiceless

ɣan

4

voiced

-iɛn

jiɛn

1

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lan

虥7

清濁

voiceless and voiced

清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-an

Pan Wenguo

3

80

37

線 線 羨 賤 譴

健 𤬝

42

38

箭

羼 襇

32

袒

31

k'iɛn

騗41 便

靣 p'iɛn/f'iɛn

40

蔄

辦 盼

b'iɛn/viɛn

扮

17

30 29

pan/fan

28

p'an/f'an

miɛn/ɱiɛn

27

楩

piɛn/fiɛn

b'an/van

23

b'iɛn/viɛn

褊

14

man/ɱan

miɛn/ɱiɛn

13 12

man/ɱan

𥇅

18

d'an/ȡ'an

衍

願 堰 憲

39 35

遣 kan

建

言21 20

k'iɛn

24

kan

g'an

建19 寋

k'an

簡15 艮16

g'an

tsiɛn/tɕiɛn ŋan

眼

ŋan

ts'an/tɕ'an

34

tsiɛn/tɕiɛn

siɛn/ɕiɛn dz'iɛn/dʑ'iɛn

33

tsan/tɕan

獮 𦆀26

剗

ts'iɛn/tɕ'iɛn

ziɛn/ʑiɛn

踐

ts'an/tɕ'an

dz'an/dʑ'an

剪25 淺

產 棧

dz'iɛn/dʑ'iɛn

醆

偃22

ʔan siɛn/ɕiɛn

san/ɕan

-an

襇

-an xan

ziɛn/ʑiɛn

-iɛn

jiɛn ɣan

ʔan

81

莧

ɣan

限

jiɛn

獮

-iɛn

演

阮

-an

產

-an

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

薛 [抴]67

月

-at

鎋

68

69

55

鎋

54

66 64

刹 [𨰉]

miɛt/ɱiɛt

𢷒 钀

𪚊

訐

𥴭 𪈟

t'at/ȶ'at tat/ȶat mat/ɱat

b'iɛt/viɛt p'iɛt/f'iɛt pat/fat

薛65

𪆰

謁 歇

瞎

53 52 51 60

𧕾63

voiced

nat/ȵat

鷩 瞥61 嫳62 滅

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

kat

𤷈

voiceless

k'at

tsiɛt/tɕiɛt

獺

second-voiceless

g'at

[哳]

voiced

ŋat

礣

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ts'at/tɕ'at

捌

voiceless

dz'at/dʑ'at

50

second-voiceless

siɛt/ɕiɛt

49

voiced

jiɛt

48

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔat

45

voiced

xat

43

voiceless

ɣat

47

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiced

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

-iɛt

46

清濁

voiceless and voiced

清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-at

Pan Wenguo

44

82

piɛt/fiɛt

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

ŋuan g'uan

仙

元

-uan

山

沿13

袁

旋 娟 翾 全 宣

鴛 喧10

dz'iɛn/dʑ'iɛn

tsiɛn/tɕiɛn

tiɛn/ȶiɛn

kuan

d'uan/ȡ'uan

muan/ɱuan b'uan/vuan p'uan/f'uan puan/fuan

詮

ts'iɛn/tɕ'iɛn

元

清濁 清濁 清濁

[𡰠]6 [湲]5 𡣬 栓4

siɛn/ɕiɛn

鐫

voiceless

ʔiɛn

[𡰞]11

second-voiceless

suan/ɕuan

煩 [樠]9

voiced

xiɛn

ziɛn/ʑiɛn

蕃 飜8

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

jiɛn

13

voiceless

ʔuan

-uiɛn

83

12

second-voiceless

xuan

[𡰝]3 頑

voiced

ɣuan

𩹌2

齒音

dental

voiceless

juan

窀1

voiced

luan

The 22nd table of outer pattern shān 外轉 山第 二十 二

voiceless

濁 清 次清 濁

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清

voiced

清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingualdental

-uan

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

獮 雋 選

19

蠉

兗

20

阮 遠 婉 暅

muan/ɱuan b'uan/vuan

puan/fuan

阮

臇

清濁 清濁 清濁

-uan

18

k'uan

g'iɛn

蜎17

g'uan

16

voiced

ŋuan

𧯦

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsiɛn/tɕiɛn

dz'iɛn/dʑ'iɛn

䅚

voiceless

xiɛn

siɛn/ɕiɛn

飯 晚

second-voiceless

ʔuan

反

voiced

xuan

15

齒音

dental

voiceless

jiɛn

14

voiced

濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless

juan

次清 濁 清

second-voiceless

-uiɛn

清濁 清

voiced

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingualdental

voiceless and voiced

產

Pan Wenguo -uan

84

ʔiɛt

薛

jiɛt

85

ʔuan

ʔuat

ziɛt/ʑiɛt

puan/fuan

[刷]37

b'uat/vuat

蕝

k'iɛt

缺

月

tsiɛt/tɕiɛt

𧤼39 鵽35

muat/ɱuat

厥

闕 䫄

tuat/ȶuat

p'uat/f'uat

㤄

p'uan/f'uan

t'uat/ȶ'uat

puat/fuat

髮

b'uan/vuan

販 嬎

muan/ɱuan

𩚳 万

nuat/ȵuat

38

kuat

韈

kiɛn

ts'iɛt/tɕ'iɛt

伐

k'uat

刖 [茁]36 䵵

29

g'uat

刮

ŋuat

絹

kuan

𩹌21

k'uan

tsuat/tɕuat

𡈕27 願

g'uan

ts'iɛn/tɕ'iɛn

ts'uat/tɕ'uat

dz'iɛt/dʑ'iɛt

券26

ŋuan

25

tsuan/tɕuan

[孨]28

ts'uan/tɕ'uan

siɛt/ɕiɛt

妠

siɛn/ɕiɛn

選 㳬33

dz'uan/dʑ'uan

suat/ɕuat

31

ziɛn/ʑiɛn

縓30

[𨏉]32

zuan/ʑuan suan/ɕuan

44

xuat

怨 楦

xuan

膬 絶40 雪 㿱41 妜

ɣuat

頢

jiɛn

幻

ɣuan

遠

juan

悦

45

月

-uiɛt

越

juat

-uat

𡡕42 䬂43

-uat

鎋

線

-uiɛn

掾

願

-uan

襇

-uan

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

niɛn/ȵiɛn d'iɛn/ȡ'iɛn

t'an/ȶ'an

t'iɛn/ȶ'iɛn

tan/ȶan

tiɛn/ȶiɛn miɛn/ɱiɛn

nan/ȵan d'an/ȡ'an

先

仙

蓮

然 連

煙

祆

賢

[漹]16 嘕 焉

千 前20 先 妍18 䏼19 牽

羶

鋋

堅

kiɛn

年

kan

k'iɛn

田

k'an

天

g'iɛn

𩜾14 [燀]15

删 潺

ŋiɛn

顛

ŋan

顏

tsiɛn/tɕiɛn

13

蘭7 寒 頇 安 飡4 殘5 𦙽6

ts'iɛn/tɕ'iɛn

甄11 愆 𠃵12

山

清濁 ts'an/tɕ'an

dz'iɛn/dʑ'iɛn

眠

voiceless

dz'an/dʑ'an

siɛn/ɕiɛn

b'iɛn/viɛn

蹁

second-voiceless

san/ɕan

-iɛn

piɛn/fiɛn

邊17

voiced

ziɛn/ʑiɛn

纏

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

ʔiɛn

邅 脠10

voiceless

ʔan

姦8 [馯]9

second-voiceless

xiɛn

看

voiced

xan

干

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ɣiɛn

ɣan

難

voiceless

jiɛn

壇

second-voiceless

liɛn

嘽2

voiced

lan

單

齒音

dental

voiceless

riɛn

1

voiced

-iɛn

The 23rd table of outer pattern shān 外轉 山第 二十 三

voiceless

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

-an

濁

voiced

次清 濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-an

寒

Pan Wenguo

[豻]3

86

p'iɛn/f'iɛn piɛn/fiɛn

諫

翰

t'an/ȶ'an

炭

tan/ȶan

旦

晏 鏟 䗃60 訕61 鴈 諫

攤50 旰51 侃52

d'an/ȡ'an

骭62

爛

-an

57

58

㬄59

憚

繭 撚

nan/ȵan

殄46

b'iɛn/viɛn

kan

腆

miɛn/ɱiɛn

翰 岸

k'an

辮44 㨠45 典

tiɛn/ȶiɛn

按56 漢

[齞]47

ŋan

編43

t'iɛn/ȶ'iɛn

讃53 粲54 𡣶 繖55

顯 峴49 蝘 48

tsan/tɕan

38

d'iɛn/ȡ'iɛn

展 搌35 [邅]36 趁 蹇37

niɛn/ȵiɛn

辡 [鴘]33 辯34 免

赧

攤23 笴 侃24

kiɛn

但

tan/ȶan

銑

闡 件 齴39 𦗢40

ŋiɛn

坦

t'an/ȶ'an

㒄

𪘪 潸31

tsiɛn/tɕiɛn

亶

d'an/ȡ'an

san/ɕan

ts'an/tɕ'an

22

nan/ȵan

ʔan

xan

ts'iɛn/tɕ'iɛn

21

kan

ɣan

dz'an/dʑ'an

g'iɛn k'an

lan

㹽

ŋan

25

tsan/tɕan

[𩯳]26

ts'an/tɕ'an

30

dz'an/dʑ'an

-an

siɛn/ɕiɛn

𪗙

san/ɕan

瓉 散27

ziɛn/ʑiɛn

銑

獮

ʔiɛn

-iɛn

輦

蹨42

xiɛn

41

ɣiɛn

善 㫃41

潸

riɛn liɛn

僴32

嬾29

xan

-iɛn

罕

ɣan

-an

28

lan

旱

-an

旱

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

87

second-voiceless voiceless

黠

曷

霰 練

剌87

黠 97

軋96 95 105 殺

䶪103 札

䫘 曷86

tat/ȶat

遏

t'at/ȶ'at

85

d'at/ȡ'at

𡺰82 𩯳83 攃94 嶻84

𡩷78 𩎌 現79 霰 荐 蒨

躽

薦77

69

[𤹨]70

71

清濁

繕 扇 硟68

k'at

ʔat

miɛn/ɱiɛn b'iɛn/viɛn p'iɛn/f'iɛn piɛn/fiɛn

𤫶 戛

渴 捺81 葛

痆 93 92 91

tiɛn/ȶiɛn

90

t'iɛn/ȶ'iɛn

達

d'iɛn/ȡ'iɛn

nat/ȵat

闥

niɛn/ȵiɛn

kat

怛

kiɛn

80

k'iɛn

89

voiced

ŋat

xat

88

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

ŋiɛn

tsat/tɕat

硯

voiceless

tsiɛn/tɕiɛn

ts'at/tɕ'at

晛75 見 俔76

second-voiceless

ts'iɛn/tɕ'iɛn

dz'at/dʑ'at

電

voiced

dz'iɛn/dʑ'iɛn

sat/ɕat

瑱

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

siɛn/ɕiɛn

麪74 殿

voiceless

ziɛn/ʑiɛn

ɣat

73

second-voiceless

-at

片

voiced

lat

徧72

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ʔiɛn

戰

voiceless

xiɛn

彦

second-voiceless

-at

67

voiced

ɣiɛn

[邅]66 輾

齒音

dental

voiceless

liɛn

𩥇65

voiced

-iɛn

卞64

voiceless

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

濁

voiced

次清 濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-iɛn

線

Pan Wenguo

變63

88

屑 𥸸114

liɛt

-iɛt

𤍠

riɛt

列107

-iɛt

薛

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

kiɛt

d'iɛt/ȡ'iɛt t'iɛt/ȶ'iɛt tiɛt/ȶiɛt

哲 屮99 轍100

niɛt/ȵiɛt

别

b'iɛt/viɛt

䇷98

p'iɛt/f'iɛt piɛt/fiɛt

噎 切 截113 屑 節 篾

miɛt/ɱiɛt

涅111 結 猰112

k'iɛt

姪

g'iɛt

窒 鐵110

ŋiɛt

㢼108 撇109 蹩

tsiɛt/tɕiɛt

孼

ts'iɛt/tɕ'iɛt

傑

dz'iɛt/dʑ'iɛt

朅

siɛt/ɕiɛt

101

ziɛt/ʑiɛt

齧

娎

iɛt

晢102 掣104 舌

xiɛt

設 [折]106 焆

yiɛt

𡘐

纈

jiɛt

89

唇音

labial

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

d'uiɛn/ȡ'uiɛn

tuan/ȶuan

t'uiɛn/ȶ'uiɛn

muan/ɱuan b'uan/vuan p'uan/f'uan puan/fuan

先

仙

淵

鋗21 玄

員 17 16

涓

勬 弮14 權

專

穿

船15

t'uan/ȶ'uan

鐉12 椽13

d'uan/ȡ'uan

遄

還 10

彎 跧 𤸷8 關 奻

kuiɛn

nuan/ȵuan

攣

壖18

山

桓 鑾5 桓 歡 剜 4

鑽 岏

k'uiɛn

11

voiceless and voiced

9

voiceless

[𤜼]20

second-voiceless

kuan

g'uiɛn

蠻

voiced

k'uan

tsuiɛn/tɕuiɛn

7

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

ŋuan

ts'uiɛn/tɕ'uiɛn

攀

voiceless

酸

second-voiceless

攢

voiced

tsuan/tɕuan

寛

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

-uiɛn

zuiɛn/ʑuiɛn

官

voiceless

xuiɛn

dz'uiɛn/dʑ'uiɛn

3

second-voiceless

dz'uan/dʑ'uan

ɣuiɛn

ʔuiɛn

團

voiced

suan/ɕuan

xuan

juiɛn

湍

齒音

dental

voiceless

ɣuan

瞞1 端2

voiced

ʔuan

luiɛn

盤

voiceless

-uiɛn

ruiɛn

潘

second-voiceless

luan

The 24th table of outer pattern shān 𤳖 外轉 山第二 十四 班

voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

-uan

清 濁 清

voiceless and voiced

-uan

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清濁

Pan Wenguo

舌齒音

lingual-dental

90

luan

-uan

諫

換

輭42

luiɛn

-uan

91

亂

獮

ruiɛn

-uiɛn

銑

-uiɛn

臠

潸

-uan

卵32

-uan

緩

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

患

換 喚

㝈 饌 篡 57

襻

慢50

段

奻

puan/fuan

慣

51

薍

攢 筭48 竄 䂎 玩

p'uan/f'uan

判 叛45 縵46 鍛

貫 䥗47

b'uan/vuan

tuiɛn/ȶuiɛn

偄 彖

muan/ɱuan

半

犬 畎

tuan/ȶuan

d'uiɛn/ȡ'uiɛn

[綰]52

41

舛 剸 圈 巻 37

篆 36

puan/fuan

t'uan/ȶ'uan

轉

p'uan/f'uan

d'uan/ȡ'uan

矕

b'uan/vuan

nuan/ȵuan

阪

muan/ɱuan

kuan

眅

tuan/ȶuan

kuiɛn

k'uan

板

t'uan/ȶ'uan

斷 餪26 管 款27

d'uan/ȡ'uan

k'uiɛn

疃

nuan/ȵuan

粄 [坢]23 伴24 滿25 短

kuan

tsuan/tɕuan ŋuan

g'uiɛn k'uan

膞40 40

39

撰 34 38

[鄹]30 算 29

tsuiɛn/tɕuiɛn

ts'uan/tɕ'uan

28

tsuan/tɕuan

dz'uan/dʑ'uan ts'uiɛn/tɕ'uiɛn

惋

suan/ɕuan

zuiɛn/ʑuiɛn

纂

dz'uan/dʑ'uan

泫 44 43

睆35

ʔuan

綰

xuan

ʔuan

suan/ɕuan

ɣuan

31

ɣuan

ɣuiɛn

椀

緩

luan

voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

t'uiɛn/ȶ'uiɛn tuiɛn/ȶuiɛn

d'uat/ȡ'uat t'uat/ȶ'uat tuat/ȶuat muat/ɱuat b'uat/vuat p'uat/f'uat puat/fuat

黠 滑 傄 婠

73

㕞

76 75

茁

74

䯇

𦤙

72

豽 𠟽

71

拙67 撮 抈66 繓

nuat/ȵuat d'uiɛn/ȡ'uiɛn

-uat

末 豁

活 斡 68

kuat

闊

k'uat

括

kuiɛn

捋

霰 絢 縣62 䬼

𢮨58

-uiɛn

線 戀 62

瑗

k'uiɛn

窡

second-voiceless

g'uiɛn

70

voiced

ŋuat

侻 奪65

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

tsuat/tɕuat

撥 鏺63 跋 末64 掇

voiceless

ts'uat/tɕ'uat

61

second-voiceless

dz'uat/dʑ'uat

睊

voiced

suat/ɕuat

60

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsuiɛn/tɕuiɛn

ʔuat

xuat

59

voiceless

ts'uiɛn/tɕ'uiɛn

ɣuat

58

second-voiceless

luat

釧

voiced

zuiɛn/ʑuiɛn

-uan

剸

齒音

dental

voiceless

xuiɛn

眷 𥛁56 倦

voiced

ʔuiɛn

ɣuiɛn

囀 猭55 傳

voiceless

juiɛn

54

second-voiceless

清濁

voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

luiɛn

清 濁 清

voiceless and voiced

ruiɛn

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

-uiɛn

𤲬

Pan Wenguo

舌齒音

lingual-dental

92

-uiɛt

屑

-uiɛt

薛

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

suiɛt/ɕuiɛt

ts'uiɛt/tɕ'uiɛt tsuiɛt/tɕuiɛt

拙

zuiɛt/ʑuiɛt

血

𥄎78

ʔuiɛt

歠

xuiɛt

説 啜77 噦

穴

ɣuiɛt

抉

luiɛt

劣

ruiɛt

ŋuiɛt

𤿫

tuiɛt/ȶuiɛt

玦

蹶

t'uiɛt/ȶ'uiɛt

輟

nuiɛt/ȵuiɛt

呐

kuiɛt

闕

k'uiɛt

93

唇音

labial

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

t'iɑʊ/ȶ'iɑʊ tiɑʊ/ȶiɑʊ miɑʊ/ɱiɑʊ

b'ɑʊ/vɑʊ

b'iɑʊ/viɑʊ

p'ɑʊ/f'ɑʊ

p'iɑʊ/f'iɑʊ

pɑʊ/fɑʊ

piɑʊ/fiɑʊ

mɑʊ/ɱɑʊ

蕭 幺 膮21 蕭

晁

迢

超

祧18 貂

tɑʊ/ȶɑʊ

朝

t'ɑʊ/ȶ'ɑʊ

鄡

d'iɑʊ/ȡ'iɑʊ

d'ɑʊ/ȡ'ɑʊ

驍

niɑʊ/ȵiɑʊ

nɑʊ/ȵɑʊ

19

kiɑʊ

kɑʊ

交

k'iɑʊ

堯20

昭 怊15 14

驕 趫13 喬

g'isssɑʊ k'ɑʊ

聊

饒 燎17 鴞 燒 韶 妖 嚻16

梢 巢 䜈 𦗔 聱 敲

敖4

ŋiɑʊ

-iɑʊ

肴 虓 䫜

豪6 蒿 爊5 騷 曹 操 糟

ŋɑʊ

宵

肴 [顟]11

清濁

tsiɑʊ/tɕiɑʊ

苗

voiceless and voiced

tsɑʊ/tɕɑʊ

12

voiceless

ts'iɑʊ/tɕ'iɑʊ

ts'ɑʊ/tɕ'ɑʊ

鑣

second-voiceless

dz'iɑʊ/dʑ'iɑʊ

dz'ɑʊ/dʑ'ɑʊ

鐃

voiced

siɑʊ/ɕiɑʊ

嘲7 [䫸]8 [䄻]9

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

sɑʊ/ɕɑʊ

茅

voiceless

ziɑʊ/ʑiɑʊ

庖

second-voiceless

ʔiɑʊ

胞

voiced

ʔɑʊ

包

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

xiɑʊ

尻3

voiceless

xɑʊ

高

second-voiceless

ɣiɑʊ

ɣɑʊ

猱

voiced

jiɑʊ

陶

齒音

dental

voiceless

liɑʊ

饕

voiced

lɑʊ

刀

voiceless

riɑʊ

-iɑʊ

毛

second-voiceless

-iɑʊ

The 25th table of outer pattern xiao 襃1 [㯱]2 袍 外轉 效第二 十五

voiced

清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ɑʊ

豪6

Pan Wenguo

勞

94

皛

ɣɑʊ

曉

xɑʊ

杳

ʔɑʊ

篠

sɑʊ/ɕɑʊ dz'ɑʊ/dʑ'ɑʊ

号52

篠 了

lɑʊ

46

小

-ɑʊ

嫪 奥 秏51 号52 喿 漕 操 竈

ŋɑʊ

傲

湫 45

繚 少 紹 夭42 沼 𪍑41

tsɑʊ/tɕɑʊ

mɑʊ/ɱɑʊ

pɑʊ/fɑʊ

𩝝 報

47

b'ɑʊ/vɑʊ

韜48 導49 腦50 誥

tɑʊ/ȶɑʊ

到

t'ɑʊ/ȶ'ɑʊ

nɑʊ/ȵɑʊ

帽

窕

d'ɑʊ/ȡ'ɑʊ

kɑʊ

暴

嬲 皎43 磽44

k'ɑʊ

朓

𨲭39

40

[䰫] 梢 煼

ts'ɑʊ/tɕ'ɑʊ

鳥

piɑʊ/fiɑʊ

巧

p'iɑʊ/f'iɑʊ

絞

b'iɑʊ/viɑʊ

㺒

miɑʊ/ɱiɑʊ

30

tiɑʊ/ȶiɑʊ

鮑 昴28 [䝤]29

t'iɑʊ/ȶ'iɑʊ

飽

考

pɑʊ/fɑʊ

暠

b'ɑʊ/vɑʊ

腦

mɑʊ/ɱɑʊ

道

tɑʊ/ȶɑʊ

討

t'ɑʊ/ȶ'ɑʊ

d'iɑʊ/ȡ'iɑʊ

倒

d'ɑʊ/ȡ'ɑʊ

niɑʊ/ȵiɑʊ

蓩

nɑʊ/ȵɑʊ

kiɑʊ

抱

kɑʊ

k'iɑʊ

23

k'ɑʊ

寶22

g'iɑʊ

38

ŋiɑʊ

矯

ŋɑʊ

tsiɑʊ/tɕiɑʊ

爪

tsɑʊ/tɕɑʊ

ts'iɑʊ/tɕ'iɑʊ

dz'iɑʊ/dʑ'iɑʊ

齩

ts'ɑʊ/tɕ'ɑʊ

皁25 嫂26

dz'ɑʊ/dʑ'ɑʊ

siɑʊ/ɕiɑʊ

草

sɑʊ/ɕɑʊ

𦽀24 早

ziɑʊ/ʑiɑʊ

[巐]36 肇37

ʔiɑʊ

ʔɑʊ

澩

好 晧27

xiɑʊ

xɑʊ

ɣiɑʊ

拗

老

ɣɑʊ

襖

liɑʊ

lɑʊ

-iɑʊ

擾

riɑʊ

-iɑʊ

表 [麃]35 藨

-iɑʊ

巧

-ɑʊ

晧

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

95

voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

t'iɑʊ/ȶ'iɑʊ

𩕐 72

窔71 嘯70 69 68 67

顤 竅 叫 尿

miɑʊ/ɱiɑʊ

p'iɑʊ/f'iɑʊ piɑʊ/fiɑʊ

b'iɑʊ/viɑʊ

嘯

笑 照 覞64 嶠 63 62

清濁

饒 燎66 65

少 邵

靿55 孝 效56 稍 巢 抄 抓

tiɑʊ/ȶiɑʊ

藋

d'iɑʊ/ȡ'iɑʊ

糶

niɑʊ/ȵiɑʊ

-iɑʊ

弔

second-voiceless

kiɑʊ

召

voiced

k'iɑʊ

朓61

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

g'iɑʊ

廟60

voiceless

ŋiɑʊ

59

second-voiceless

tsiɑʊ/tɕiɑʊ

58

voiced

ts'iɑʊ/tɕ'iɑʊ

裱57

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

dz'iɑʊ/dʑ'iɑʊ

樂

voiceless

siɑʊ/ɕiɑʊ

敲

second-voiceless

ziɑʊ/ʑiɑʊ

教

voiced

ʔiɑʊ

橈

齒音

dental

voiceless

xiɑʊ

棹

voiced

ɣiɑʊ

罩

voiceless

liɑʊ

奅 靤53 貌54

second-voiceless

riɑʊ

-iɑʊ

豹

voiced

清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-iɑʊ

效

Pan Wenguo

趠

96

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

-iɑʊ

小 小

闄

鷕

14

悄

13

腰 樵 宵 鍫 焦

11

勦

12

遥

宵

-iɑʊ

8

翹

10

miɑʊ/ɱiɑʊ b'iɑʊ/viɑʊ p'iɑʊ/f'iɑʊ piɑʊ/fiɑʊ

miɑʊ/ɱiɑʊ b'iɑʊ/viɑʊ p'iɑʊ/f'iɑʊ piɑʊ/fiɑʊ

眇

voiceless

摽

second-voiceless

縹

voiced

表

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

9

voiceless

k'iɑʊ

蹻

second-voiceless

g'iɑʊ

蜱

voiced

tsiɑʊ/tɕiɑʊ

瓢

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsiɑʊ/tɕiɑʊ

ts'iɑʊ/tɕ'iɑʊ

漂

voiceless

ts'iɑʊ/tɕ'iɑʊ

siɑʊ/ɕiɑʊ

飈

second-voiceless

dz'iɑʊ/dʑ'iɑʊ

ʔiɑʊ

7

voiced

siɑʊ/ɕiɑʊ

6

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔiɑʊ

5

voiced

4

voiceless

3

second-voiceless

jiɑʊ

2

voiced

jiɑʊ

1

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

97

The 26th table of outer pattern xiao 外轉效 第二十 六

清濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

voiceless and voiced

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

齒音

dental

voiceless voiced second-voiceless voiceless

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

siɑʊ/ɕiɑʊ dz'iɑʊ/dʑ'iɑʊ ts'iɑʊ/tɕ'iɑʊ tsiɑʊ/tɕiɑʊ ŋiɑʊ g'iɑʊ k'iɑʊ

miɑʊ/ɱiɑʊ

曜20 要

ʔiɑʊ

醮 峭19 噍 笑

voiced

18

voiceless

趬16 翹17

second-voiceless

妙

voiced

jiɑʊ

b'iɑʊ/viɑʊ

驃

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

p'iɑʊ/f'iɑʊ

裱15 剽

清濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

voiceless and voiced

笑

Pan Wenguo -iɑʊ

98

piɑʊ/fiɑʊ

哿

歌

voiceless

㰤 苛24 𨵅 23

瑳 左22 我 可21 哿

to/ȶo

19

橠20

d'o/ȡ'o

爹

迦12 呿13 伽14

珂

縒

阿 訶10 何 醝 娑9 蹉 8

莪

11

㰁25

清濁

second-voiceless

次清 濁

voiced

to/ȶo

清

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

t'o/ȶ'o

no/ȵo

嚲18

voiceless

d'o/ȡ'o

ko

17

second-voiceless

no/ȵo

k'o

16

voiced

ko

k'o

15

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

g'o

歌7

voiceless

ŋo

那6

second-voiceless

tso/tɕo

駞5

voiced

ŋo

ts'o/tɕ'o

他

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ts'o/tɕ'o

多

voiceless

dz'o/dʑ'o

so/ɕo

4

second-voiceless

so/ɕo

ʔo

3

voiced

ʔo

xo

2

齒音

dental

voiceless

xo

ɣo

1

voiced

ɣo

The 27th table of inner pattern guǒ 內轉果 第二十 七

voiceless

次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

清濁 清

voiced

lo

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lo

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

-o

清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-o

羅

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

99

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

no/ȵo

second-voiceless voiceless

t'o/ȶ'o

餓

佐

磋

些

侉29 呵30 賀

邏

清濁 ko

to/ȶo

次清 濁

voiced

k'o

d'o/ȡ'o

清

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

ŋo

坷

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tso/tɕo

箇

voiceless

ts'o/tɕ'o

奈

second-voiceless

so/ɕo

䭾

voiced

ʔo

拖28

齒音

dental

voiceless

xo

跢

voiced

ɣo

27

voiceless

次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

清濁 清

voiced

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lo

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-o

箇

Pan Wenguo

26

100

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

果 躶32

[𦣛]20

婐31 𡛖32 [硰]28 脞29 坐 鎖30

ko

to/ȶo

to/ȶo

mo/ɱo

mo/ɱo

b'o/vo

b'o/vo

k'o ko

d'o/ȡ'o t'o/ȶ'o

火

18

[𦚢]17

倭 脞10 痤11 莎12 侳

g'o

no/ȵo

禍

19

𩼊14 鞾13 和

清濁 tso/tɕo

k'o

顆

voiceless

ts'o/tɕ'o

跛 叵21 爸22 麽23 埵24 妥 墮25 𡛖26 果

second-voiceless

ŋo

ts'o/tɕ'o

dz'o/dʑ'o

[瘸]16

voiced

ŋo

dz'o/dʑ'o

15

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tso/tɕo

訛9

voiceless

so/ɕo

科

second-voiceless

so/ɕo

ʔo

𧦭5 牠6 挼7 戈8

voiced

ʔo

xo

𨹃

齒音

dental

voiceless

xo

ɣo

摩4

voiced

lo

婆3

voiceless

ɣo

The 28th table of inner pattern 波1 頗2 guǒ here內 轉果第 二十 八

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

次清 濁 清 濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lo

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

-o

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-o

戈

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

no/ȵo d'o/ȡ'o t'o/ȶ'o

p'o/f'o

p'o/f'o

po/fo

po/fo

101

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

so/ɕo dz'o/dʑ'o ts'o/tɕ'o tso/tɕo ŋo

涴41

貨

和

嬴42

清濁 ʔo

剉39 坐40 䐝

齒音

dental

voiceless

xo

挫

voiced

ɣo

k'o

課

voiceless

lo

ko

播33 破 [縛]34 磨35 垜36 唾 惰37 愞38 過

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

次清 濁 清 濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-o

過

Pan Wenguo

卧

102

no/ȵo d'o/ȡ'o t'o/ȶ'o to/ȶo mo/ɱo b'o/vo p'o/f'o po/fo

second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

麻 婼

12 11

k'A kA

mA/ɱA

耶 奢

㚗 [些]7

闍

b'A/vA p'A/f'A pA/fA

嗟

4

虵 車

d'A/ȡ'A

tA/ȶA

5

遮

nA/ȵA

t'A/ȶ'A

8

鵶9 𤊳10 遐 楂 砂6 叉 樝3 牙

ŋA

1

voiced

tsA/tɕA

䶗

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ts'A/tɕ'A

嘉

voiceless

dz'A/dʑ'A

拏

second-voiceless

sA/ɕA

𡨀2

voiced

zA/ʑA

侘

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔA

奓

voiced

xA

麻

voiceless

ɣA

爬

second-voiceless

jA

葩

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

次清 濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

rA

The 29th table of inner pattern jiǎ 內轉假 巴 第二十 九

清濁

voiceless and voiced

濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-A

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

103

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

馬 𦴈

23

[藞]22

tsA/tɕA ŋA

k'A kA nA/ȵA

野 下 㗿

pA/fA

tA/ȶA mA/ɱA

社

灺

捨

[姐]20 且 姐20 寫

啞

奲

槎 [灑]21 18

b'A/vA

t'A/ȶ'A

者

voiceless

ts'A/tɕ'A

鮓

second-voiceless

dz'A/dʑ'A

雅

voiced

sA/ɕA

ʔA

䋈 檟17 跒

齒音

dental

voiceless

zA/ʑA

xA

16

voiced

ɣA

跁13 馬 觰14 [奼]15

voiceless

jA

把

second-voiceless

清濁

voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lA

濁

voiceless and voiced

rA

次清 濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-A

Pan Wenguo

19

104

禡 32

-A

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

暇

kA nA/ȵA d'A/ȡ'A t'A/ȶ'A tA/ȶA mA/ɱA b'A/vA p'A/f'A pA/fA

褯 笡 唶

舍 射 䞣

乍 沙31 30

詐

柘 29

k'A

迓

ŋA

髂

tsA/tɕA

駕

ts'A/tɕ'A

吒 詫27 䖳28 䏧

dz'A/dʑ'A

霸24 帊25 𤝡26 禡

sA/ɕA

謝

zA/ʑA

蝑

ʔA

嚇

xA

亞

ɣA

夜

jA

105

牙音

velar

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

馬 䂳 [𡎬]

10

葰

10

11

踝

花5 華6 窊

麻 tsuA/tɕuA

ŋuA

ŋuA

k'uA

k'uA

kuA

kuA

t'uA/ȶ'uA tuA/ȶuA

瓦

voiceless and voiced

tsuA/tɕuA

髁

voiceless

ts'uA/tɕ'uA

寡

second-voiceless

9

voiced

suA/ɕuA

8

齒音

dental

voiceless

7

voiced

ʔuA

髽4

voiceless

xuA

ɣuA

誇2

second-voiceless

ɣuA

瓜

voiced

撾1

次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

The 30th table of inner pattern jiǎ 內轉假 第三十

清濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

voiceless and voiced

-uA

Pan Wenguo -uA

106

ʔuA suA/ɕuA

禡

k'uA

跨

kuA

坬

ŋuA

窊12 化 摦13

xuA

誜

ɣuA

瓦

-uA

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

107

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

d'am/ȡ'am t'am/ȶ'am tam/ȶam

t'iɛm/ȶ'iɛm tiɛm/ȶiɛm

piɛm/fiɛm

添15 鬑

髯 廉

馦 嫌20

炎 14 13

19

淹 苫 棎12

18 17

箝 𪙊10

詹

䪜11

鮎 兼16 謙

d'iɛm/ȡ'iɛm

𢜩9

niɛm/ȵiɛm

甜

nam/ȵam

kiɛm

8

kam

k'iɛm

鵮4

g'iɛm k'am

鹽

咸 咸 㰹 𤟟6 讒 㩥5 嵒

ŋiɛm

黏

婪 含 㟏 諳 毿 蠶 參

ŋam

tsiɛm/tɕiɛm

𩬑 添15

voiceless

tsam/tɕam

ts'iɛm/tɕ'iɛm

7

second-voiceless

ts'am/tɕ'am

dz'iɛm/dʑ'iɛm

-iɛm

覘

voiced

dz'am/dʑ'am

siɛm/ɕiɛm

霑

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

sam/ɕam

-iɛm

砭

voiceless

ziɛm/ʑiɛm

緘

second-voiceless

ʔiɛm

諵

voiced

ʔam

xiɛm

詀

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

xam

ɣiɛm

簪

voiceless

ɣam

儑3

second-voiceless

jiɛm

龕

voiced

liɛm

弇

齒音

dental

voiceless

lam

南

voiced

riɛm

覃

voiceless

-iɛm

The 31st table of outer pattern xián 外轉 咸第 三十 一

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清 濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingualdental

-am

覃

Pan Wenguo

躭1 貪2

108

貶

僋53 憾 䫲 暗 俕 謲

d'am/ȡ'am t'am/ȶ'am tam/ȶam

醰

妠

勘

nam/ȵam

kam

紺

k'am

僋

儑

篸51

52

[憯]48 36

piɛm/fiɛm

勘

忝 稴 鼸49

50

琰

miɛm/ɱiɛm

ŋam

馾

tiɛm/ȶiɛm

斂

冉43 湛

t'iɛm/ȶ'iɛm

42

臉

d'iɛm/ȡ'iɛm

㘝28 鹻29 㦿

niɛm/ȵiɛm

𠐩27

tam/ȶam

坎

t'am/ȶ'am

感

d'am/ȡ'am

腩

nam/ȵam

kiɛm

禫21

kam

k'iɛm

襑

k'am

黕

g'iɛm

47

ŋiɛm

tsam/tɕam

孂 嗛46

ŋam

ts'am/tɕ'am

淰

tsiɛm/tɕiɛm

sam/ɕam

簟

tsam/tɕam

ʔam

點 忝45

慘

ts'iɛm/tɕ'iɛm

xam

44

ts'am/tɕ'am

dz'am/dʑ'am

斬31 䑎32 瀺33 摻

歜

dz'iɛm/dʑ'iɛm

sam/ɕam

30

糂

siɛm/ɕiɛm

顉22 昝23

ziɛm/ʑiɛm

ɣam

險

ʔiɛm

-am

陝 [剡]41 奄

xiɛm

-iɛm

lam

檢 𩑳38 儉 [顩]39 [颭]40

ʔam

ɣiɛm [黯]34 闞35

xam

壈26

ɣam

liɛm

晻24 䫲25 頷

riɛm lam

-iɛm

諂37

-iɛm

豏

-am

感

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

109

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

拉 合 欱 姶

酓 䃸 䁮

d'ap/ȡ'ap t'ap/ȶ'ap

tiɛm/ȶiɛm

piɛm/fiɛm

niɛm/ȵiɛm d'iɛm/ȡ'iɛm t'iɛm/ȶ'iɛm

kap nap/ȵap

tap/ȶap

雜68 趿 䟃 𡀾66 帀67 閤 𧪞65

驗

ŋap

納

僭

占

tsap/tɕap

k'ap

kiɛm

合

㮇62 稴

豔 染 殮 𢜰 贍

韽58 闞59 陷60

閃 䠨61

ts'ap/tɕ'ap

沓

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

dz'ap/dʑ'ap

答64 錔

voiceless

ts'iɛm/tɕ'iɛm

k'iɛm

sap/ɕap

念 趝63 傔

second-voiceless

ʔap

磹

voiced

ŋiɛm

xap

店 㮇62

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsiɛm/tɕiɛm

lap

ɣap

覘

voiceless

蘸

second-voiceless

dz'iɛm/dʑ'iɛm

䫲56

voiced

siɛm/ɕiɛm

諵 𪉦55 歉

齒音

dental

voiceless

ziɛm/ʑiɛm

-ap

𧸖54

voiced

ʔiɛm

xiɛm

-iɛm

𪉜

voiceless

liɛm

ɣiɛm

-iɛm

窆

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清 濁

voiceless and voiced

riɛm

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingualdental

-iɛm

陷

Pan Wenguo

讒57

110

t'iɛp/ȶ'iɛp tiɛp/ȶiɛp

怗91 㼲90 弽89 協 燮87 86

攝 謵

䕹85 浹 愜 苶84 頰 牒

d'iɛp/ȡ'iɛp

㘝71 夾

niɛp/ȵiɛp

70

kiɛp

劄 [𥃀]69

k'iɛp

恰

g'iɛp

聑 怗82

ŋiɛp

讋

tsiɛp/tɕiɛp

䐑77 𣀳78 𦀖 𤷾79 极80

ts'iɛp/tɕ'iɛp

鍤

dz'iɛp/dʑ'iɛp

輒

siɛp/ɕiɛp

䀴72 眨73 插74 箑75 霎76

涉

88

81

洽 䶎 𨂁

ʔiɛp

曄

jiɛp

xiɛp

葉 獵

liɛp

ɣiɛp

-iɛp

讘

riɛp

-iɛp

𢽱

-iɛp

洽

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

111

voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

鹽 8

kam

7

k'iɛm kiɛm

b'iɛm/viɛm

d'am/ȡ'am t'am/ȶ'am tam/ȶam mam/ɱam

尖10 籤11 嚴 㪁6

g'iɛm

[鍼]9

巖

tsiɛm/tɕiɛm ŋiɛm

k'am

潛

衫 巉 攙

ts'iɛm/tɕ'iɛm

銛 燖 懕12

醃

𩏩

銜

酣 蚶 4

三

tsam/tɕam

慙

ts'am/tɕ'am

dz'iɛm/dʑ'iɛm

𩈻2 笘3

dz'am/dʑ'am

siɛm/ɕiɛm

-iɛm

鹽

嚴

銜

談 藍

-iɛm

嵌

second-voiceless

sam/ɕam

監

voiced

ziɛm/ʑiɛm

[𨂝]5

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ʔiɛm

坩

voiceless

xiɛm

甘

second-voiceless

xam

ɣiɛm

談

voiced

ɣam

1

齒音

dental

voiceless

-iɛm

jiɛm

檐

voiced

lam

姏

voiceless

-am

The 32nd table of outer pattern xián 外轉 咸第 三十 二

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

清 濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

Pan Wenguo

lingualdental

112

lam

闞

-am

濫

-iɛm

琰

-iɛm

广24

jiɛm

檻

-iɛm

埯

k'am

暫 三34

䭕28 憸29

tsam/tɕam

覱35

29

漸

dz'am/dʑ'am

广24

ts'iɛm/tɕ'iɛm

sam/ɕam

脥27

21

dz'iɛm/dʑ'iɛm

醶

tsam/tɕam

槧18

ts'am/tɕ'am

siɛm/ɕiɛm

䭕17 黲

dz'am/dʑ'am

憨

26

ʔiɛm

𧵊

㺖

xam

㨻

ʔam

埯 [喊]19

xam

黶30

xiɛm

ɣiɛm

25

檻

ɣam

黤22

琰

lam

敢

-am

覽

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

tsiɛm/tɕiɛm

d'am/ȡ'am t'am/ȶ'am tam/ȶam mam/ɱam

kam

d'am/ȡ'am t'am/ȶ'am tam/ȶam

𪉦33 闞

23

䫡20 k'iɛm

擔 賧31 憺32

kam

㛧 膽13 菼14 噉

k'am

敢15 [𠪚]16

ŋiɛm

113

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

豔 豔44

45

46

嚴38 40

厭

[脅]39

[𪒠]36 㒈

壍 [潛]42

43

釤

tsiɛm/tɕiɛm ŋiɛm

𡄑

ts'iɛm/tɕ'iɛm

k'iɛm kiɛm

b'iɛm/viɛm

41

voiceless

dz'iɛm/dʑ'iɛm

嚴38

second-voiceless

siɛm/ɕiɛm

㪁37

voiced

ʔiɛm

懺

齒音

dental

voiceless

xiɛm

35

voiced

-iɛm

ɣiɛm

鑑

voiceless

-iɛm

jiɛm

埿

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

清 濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingualdental

-iɛm

鑑

Pan Wenguo

鑱

114

儑51

葉 66

葉

業

-iɛp

厭65

脅 腌

捷 接

妾 劫

d'iɛp/ȡ'iɛp

60

tap/ȶap

kiɛp

甲

t'ap/ȶ'ap

k'iɛp

𠗨56

d'ap/ȡ'ap

榼

k'ap

㿴47 榻48 蹋49 魶50 䫦

g'iɛp

nap/ȵap

62

ŋiɛp

g'ap

kap

呷

tsiɛp/tɕiɛp

tsap/tɕap ŋap

[殜]64

ts'iɛp/tɕ'iɛp

dz'iɛp/dʑ'iɛp

狎

siɛp/ɕiɛp

怯 [跲]61 業

ts'ap/tɕ'ap

ʔiɛp

鴨

dz'ap/dʑ'ap

xiɛp

𦦱57 渫58 翣59

sap/ɕap

盍

ʔap

𣣹54

xap

ɣiɛp

鰪

ɣap

䪞 𠎷53

jiɛp

囃52

jap

-iɛp

63

盍

lap

-iɛp

狎

-ap

臘55

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

115

voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

范

-uam

10

凡

凵

k'uam

t'uam/ȶ'uam

[𠑆]

second-voiceless

muam/ɱuam b''uam/v'uam p'uam/f'uam

b''uam/v'uam

范

voiced

p'uam/f'uam

[釩]

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

9

voiceless

8

second-voiceless

7

voiced

6

齒音

dental

voiceless

puam/fuam

5

voiced

4

voiceless

凡

second-voiceless

䒦

voiced

3

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

1

清濁

voiceless and voiced

The 33rd table of outer pattern xián 外轉咸 第三十 三

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-uam

Pan Wenguo

2

116

乏 猲 [䎎] [𦑣]

16 15

tuap/ȶuap

b''uap/v'uap

乏

p'uam/f'uam

nuap/ȵuap

p'uap/f'uap puap/fuap

法 [𥎰]

b''uam/v'uam

k'uap

14

muam/ɱuam

-uap

梵 欠

kuam

泛11 梵 𦲯12

k'uam

劔

ʔuam

俺13

-uam

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

117

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

p'ɑŋ/f'ɑŋ pɑŋ/fɑŋ

陽 穰 昌

鏘 將13

牆 襄16 詳

陽19

良 18

商15 常 央 香17

牀 霜 瘡14 莊

藏 桑8 倉 臧 卬7

t'iɑŋ/ȶ'iɑŋ tiɑŋ/ȶiɑŋ miɑŋ/ɱiɑŋ b'iɑŋ/viɑŋ p'iɑŋ/f'iɑŋ piɑŋ/fiɑŋ

孃

薑

d'iɑŋ/ȡ'iɑŋ

長

b'ɑŋ/vɑŋ

niɑŋ/ȵiɑŋ

𦳝10

mɑŋ/ɱɑŋ

kiɑŋ

張

tɑŋ/ȶɑŋ

t'ɑŋ/ȶ'ɑŋ

章

郎 航 炕9 鴦

d'ɑŋ/ȡ'ɑŋ

nɑŋ/ȵɑŋ

羌11 强12

清濁 kɑŋ

k'iɑŋ

亡

voiceless

k'ɑŋ

房

second-voiceless

g'iɑŋ

芳

voiced

g'ɑŋ

ŋiɑŋ

方

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

ŋɑŋ

tsiɑŋ/tɕiɑŋ

康6

voiceless

tsɑŋ/tɕɑŋ

ts'iɑŋ/tɕ'iɑŋ

剛5

second-voiceless

ts'ɑŋ/tɕ'ɑŋ

dz'iɑŋ/dʑ'iɑŋ

囊

voiced

dz'ɑŋ/dʑ'ɑŋ

siɑŋ/ɕiɑŋ

唐4

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

sɑŋ/ɕɑŋ

ziɑŋ/ʑiɑŋ

湯3

voiceless

zɑŋ/ʑɑŋ

當

second-voiceless

ʔiɑŋ

茫

voiced

ʔɑŋ

傍2

齒音

dental

voiceless

xiɑŋ

The 34th table of inner pattern [幚]1 dàng 內轉 宕第三 十四

voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless

xɑŋ

次清 濁

second-voiceless

jiɑŋ ɣiɑŋ

ɣɑŋ

清濁 清

voiced

liɑŋ

jɑŋ

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lɑŋ

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

-iɑŋ riɑŋ

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-ɑŋ

唐

Pan Wenguo

滂

118

壤37

mɑŋ/ɱɑŋ

吭

b'ɑŋ/vɑŋ

pɑŋ/fɑŋ

39

壯

創52 狀

51

盎 藏 𠷔44 43

葬 枊42 抗

tɑŋ/ȶɑŋ

鋼41

t'ɑŋ/ȶ'ɑŋ

儾

d'ɑŋ/ȡ'ɑŋ

宕

nɑŋ/ȵɑŋ

儻

[搶]34 32

敞 掌 30

仰

piɑŋ/fiɑŋ

繦

勥31

p'iɑŋ/f'iɑŋ

kɑŋ

29

miɑŋ/ɱiɑŋ

k'ɑŋ

丈

tiɑŋ/ȶiɑŋ

t'iɑŋ/ȶ'iɑŋ

ŋɑŋ

譡40

賞 上 鞅

𤕤35 33

曭20 蕩21

d'iɑŋ/ȡ'iɑŋ

tsɑŋ/tɕɑŋ

傍

pɑŋ/fɑŋ

kiɑŋ

ts'ɑŋ/tɕ'ɑŋ

螃38

p'ɑŋ/f'ɑŋ

g'iɑŋ

髈

mɑŋ/ɱɑŋ

ŋiɑŋ

榜

tɑŋ/ȶɑŋ

tsiɑŋ/tɕiɑŋ

黨

d'ɑŋ/ȡ'ɑŋ t'ɑŋ/ȶ'ɑŋ

ts'iɑŋ/tɕ'iɑŋ

莽

nɑŋ/ȵɑŋ

曩

kɑŋ

dz'ɑŋ/dʑ'ɑŋ

昶

k'ɑŋ

sɑŋ/ɕɑŋ

長

ŋɑŋ

ʔɑŋ

罔

tsɑŋ/tɕɑŋ

siɑŋ/ɕiɑŋ

慷

ts'ɑŋ/tɕ'ɑŋ

䴚

dz'ɑŋ/dʑ'ɑŋ

[䭹]22 駔 [蒼]23 奘24 顙25

ziɑŋ/ʑiɑŋ sɑŋ/ɕɑŋ

養 響

ʔiɑŋ

想 像36

xiɑŋ

髣

ʔɑŋ

ɣɑŋ

昉

xɑŋ

坱 [汻]26 沆

jiɑŋ ɣɑŋ

lɑŋ

漭

liɑŋ

宕

養

riɑŋ

-ɑŋ

浪

-iɑŋ

两

lɑŋ

朗27

-ɑŋ

蕩

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

119

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

t'iɑŋ/ȶ'iɑŋ

mɑk/ɱɑk

p'iɑŋ/f'iɑŋ

鐸 昨 索

b'ɑk/vɑk p'ɑk/f'ɑk pɑk/fɑk

66

錯 作 愕55

t'ɑk/ȶ'ɑk

恪

d'ɑk/ȡ'ɑk

各

nɑk/ȵɑk

諾

kɑk

惡 臛56 涸

漾 匠 相 蹡 醬

向 餉 尚 快 唱 障

k'ɑk

鐸

niɑŋ/ȵiɑŋ

ŋɑk

託

k'iɑŋ

落

漾 亮

tiɑŋ/ȶiɑŋ

ŋiɑŋ

tsɑk/tɕɑk

54

voiceless

tsiɑŋ/tɕiɑŋ

ts'ɑk/tɕ'ɑk

莫

second-voiceless

d'iɑŋ/ȡ'iɑŋ

ts'iɑŋ/tɕ'iɑŋ

dz'ɑk/dʑ'ɑk

泊

voiced

dz'iɑŋ/dʑ'iɑŋ

sɑk/ɕɑk

𩔈53

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

kiɑŋ

siɑŋ/ɕiɑŋ

博

voiceless

ziɑŋ/ʑiɑŋ

ʔɑk

𨋕

second-voiceless

g'iɑŋ

ʔiɑŋ

xɑk

疆48 唴49 弶50

voiced

xiɑŋ

釀

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ɣɑk

仗

voiceless

jiɑŋ

帳46 悵47

second-voiceless

lɑk

45

voiced

-ɑk

訪

齒音

dental

voiceless

清濁

voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless

次清 濁

second-voiceless

清濁 清

voiced

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

liɑŋ

次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

riɑŋ

清

voiceless and voiced

-iɑŋ

讓

Pan Wenguo

舌齒音

lingual-dental

120

ŋiɑk

卻

kiɑk niɑk/ȵiɑk d'iɑk/ȡ'iɑk t'iɑk/ȶ'iɑk tiɑk/ȶiɑk

b'iɑk/viɑk p'iɑk/f'iɑk

皭68 削 鵲 爵

爍68 妁70 約 謔71

k'iɑk

腳63

g'iɑk

著 [逽]62

tsiɑk/tɕiɑk

芍60 㚟61

ts'iɑk/tɕ'iɑk

[𩅿]58 縛59

dz'iɑk/dʑ'iɑk

67

siɑk/ɕiɑk

綽

ziɑk/ʑiɑk

灼

ʔiɑk

噱64 虐65

xiɑk

藥

jiɑk

57

liɑk

若72

riɑk

略

-iɑk

藥

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

121

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

k'uɑŋ kuɑŋ

蕩 晃7

陽 王 5

黃

kuɑŋ

k'uiɑŋ

慌

k'uɑŋ

10

g'uiɑŋ

8

voiceless

㳹

second-voiceless

[懬]6

voiced

廣

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

狂

voiceless

匡4

second-voiceless

ʔuɑŋ

3

voiced

荒2

齒音

dental

voiceless

ɣuɑŋ

汪

voiced

ʔuɑŋ

-uɑŋ

xuɑŋ

䯑

voiceless

xuɑŋ

juiɑŋ

1

second-voiceless

ɣuɑŋ

-uiɑŋ

The 35th table of inner pattern dàng 內轉 宕第 三十 五

voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingualdental

-uɑŋ

唐

Pan Wenguo

光

122

藥

-iɑk

鐸

嬳

矆

jiɑk

ŋak

郭

23

24

25

廓

kak

26

k'ak

kiɑk k'iɑk g'iɑk

狂16 15

kuiɑŋ

g'ak

誑14

曠

kuɑŋ

桄12

k'uɑŋ

11

9

kuiɑŋ

g'uiɑŋ

[臩]8

g'uiɑŋ

[俇]10

17

ʔak

雘20

xak

[瓁]19

xuiɑŋ

況

ʔuɑŋ

荒 潢13

xuɑŋ

ɣak

汪

ʔuiɑŋ

怳

xuiɑŋ

枉

ɣuɑŋ

jak

迋18

juiɑŋ

往

juiɑŋ

ʔiɑk xiɑk

lak

[硦]22

-ɑk

霍 穫21

-uiɑŋ

漾

-uɑŋ

宕

-uiɑŋ

養

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

123

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

清 嬰 15

情 清 精 14

輕 頸13

擎 卿 驚

b'aŋ/vaŋ p'aŋ/f'aŋ paŋ/faŋ

餳

霙

迎

9

taŋ/ȶaŋ maŋ/ɱaŋ

盈

16

庚 10

朜11 行 傖 生

t'aŋ/ȶ'aŋ

miaŋ/ɱiaŋ

名

voiceless

d'aŋ/ȡ'aŋ

12

second-voiceless

naŋ/ȵaŋ

piaŋ/fiaŋ

并

voiced

kaŋ

k'iaŋ

明

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

k'aŋ

g'iaŋ

平

voiceless

g'aŋ

兵

second-voiceless

ŋaŋ

7

voiced

tsiaŋ/tɕiaŋ

4

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ts'iaŋ/tɕ'iaŋ

3

voiceless

ts'aŋ/tɕ'aŋ

dz'iaŋ/dʑ'iaŋ

鎗

second-voiceless

dz'aŋ/dʑ'aŋ

鬤5 庚6 坑8

voiced

saŋ/ɕaŋ

棖

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔiaŋ ziaŋ/ʑiaŋ

瞠

voiced

ʔaŋ

趟

voiceless

xaŋ

盲

second-voiceless

ɣaŋ

彭

voiced

-iaŋ

jiaŋ

磅

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

The 36th table of outer pattern gěng 外轉梗 第三十 閍1 六

清濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-aŋ

Pan Wenguo

2

124

28

眳27

皿

miaŋ/ɱiaŋ

maŋ/ɱaŋ b'aŋ/vaŋ

敬 映 慶

更 膨 孟33 倀 牚34 鋥35

29

警

taŋ/ȶaŋ

柄

paŋ/faŋ

榜

piaŋ/fiaŋ

餅

丙

18

paŋ/faŋ

[浜]17

32

b'aŋ/vaŋ

t'aŋ/ȶ'aŋ

20

maŋ/ɱaŋ

23

梗

taŋ/ȶaŋ

d'aŋ/ȡ'aŋ

鮩19 猛 打21

d'aŋ/ȡ'aŋ

kaŋ

瑒

naŋ/ȵaŋ

22

24

k'aŋ

21

kaŋ

競

g'aŋ

迎

30

ŋaŋ

敬

tsiaŋ/tɕiaŋ

命

ts'aŋ/tɕ'aŋ

病

ts'iaŋ/tɕ'iaŋ

dz'iaŋ/dʑ'iaŋ

生38

静 省

saŋ/ɕaŋ

siaŋ/ɕiaŋ

㵾37

癭

ʔaŋ

請

影

ʔiaŋ

井

saŋ/ɕaŋ

省

ʔaŋ

25

xaŋ

[瀴]39 䛭40 行

31

-aŋ

靜

梗

ɣaŋ

鞭36

ɣaŋ

杏

laŋ

-iaŋ

冷26

-aŋ

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

125

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

昔

-iak

陌

-ak

52

繹 積 皵54 籍 昔 席

益

虩51

垎 赫 啞

43

t'/ȶ' t/ȶ m/ɱ b'/v

p'iaŋ/f'iaŋ

p'/f'

piaŋ/fiaŋ

p/f

miaŋ/ɱiaŋ b'iaŋ/viaŋ

逆 戟

隙

劇

額 嘖50 栅

齚 索

53

d'/ȡ'

擗

voiceless

n/ȵ

僻

second-voiceless

k

辟

voiced

kiaŋ

k'

47

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

k'iaŋ

欂46

voiceless

g'

44

second-voiceless

ŋ

客

voiced

ts/tɕ

磔 坼48 宅 蹃49 格

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsiaŋ/tɕiaŋ

ts'/tɕ'

陌

voiceless

ts'iaŋ/tɕ'iaŋ

dz'/dʑ'

拍45 白

second-voiceless

dz'iaŋ/dʑ'iaŋ

s/ɕ

伯

voiced

siaŋ/ɕiaŋ

浄 性

齒音

dental

voiceless

z/ʑ

倩

voiced

ʔ

精

voiceless

x

詺

second-voiceless

ɣ

偋

voiced

j

聘

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

摒41

清濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-iaŋ

勁

Pan Wenguo

勁 [輕]42

126

voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

kuaŋ

清 k'uaŋ kuaŋ

騂9

縈 [𧵣]10

[卝]19

營11

榮 兄

橫 諻6

5

䁝17

second-voiceless

15

voiced

ʔuaŋ

礦

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

g'uiaŋ

瓊

voiceless

k'uiaŋ

傾8

second-voiceless

庚

-uaŋ voiced

suiaŋ/ɕuiaŋ

3

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔuiaŋ

2

voiced

ʔuaŋ

xuiaŋ

1

voiceless

xuaŋ

127

juaŋ ɣuaŋ

4

second-voiceless

ɣuaŋ

juiaŋ

觥

清濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

juaŋ

The 37th table of outer pattern gěng 外轉梗 第三十 七

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

voiceless and voiced

-uiaŋ

7

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

voiced 齒音

dental

voiceless voiced second-voiceless voiceless

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

勁

xuiaŋ

夐24

24

詠

-uiaŋ

蝗

21

ʔuaŋ

敬

靜 穎22

梗

juaŋ ɣuaŋ

19 18

-uaŋ

[𥥈]23

voiceless

17

second-voiceless

16

清濁 清濁

voiced

juiaŋ

憬14

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

-uiaŋ

13

清濁

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-uaŋ

永

Pan Wenguo

12

128

瞁

ts'iak/tɕ'iak

[𥄎]32

役

xiak

kak

30 29

k'ak

虢 [𧍕]25

31

ʔak

ɣiak

䪝

28

ɣak xak

-iak

陌

ak

擭26 謋27 嚄28

-ak

昔

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

129

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

青

清

耕

paŋ/faŋ

p'aŋ/f'aŋ

靈 馨 形18

跉12

鯖17 聲 成

青 16 15

征11

tiaŋ/ȶiaŋ miaŋ/ɱiaŋ b'iaŋ/viaŋ p'iaŋ/f'iaŋ

經

b'aŋ/vaŋ

t'iaŋ/ȶ'iaŋ

寧14

maŋ/ɱaŋ

d'iaŋ/ȡ'iaŋ

庭

taŋ/ȶaŋ

niaŋ/ȵiaŋ

汀13

d'aŋ/ȡ'aŋ

naŋ/ȵaŋ

kiaŋ

丁

kaŋ

星

莖 甖6 峥 琤 争 娙

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

清濁 k'aŋ

冥

voiceless

ŋaŋ

瓶

second-voiceless

tsiaŋ/tɕiaŋ

竮

voiced

tsaŋ/tɕaŋ

ts'iaŋ/tɕ'iaŋ

檉9 呈10

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

ts'aŋ/tɕ'aŋ

貞8

voiceless

dz'aŋ/dʑ'aŋ

鏗

second-voiceless

siaŋ/ɕiaŋ

耕

voiced

ziaŋ/ʑiaŋ

儜5

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ʔiaŋ

橙

voiceless

ʔaŋ

4

second-voiceless

xiaŋ

朾

voiced

ɣiaŋ

甍

齒音

dental

voiceless

liaŋ

-iaŋ

輣3

voiced

-iaŋ

The 38th table of outer pattern gěng 外轉 1 梗第 繃 三十 八

voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清

second-voiceless

ɣaŋ

清濁 清

voiced

次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-aŋ

7

Pan Wenguo

怦2

130

諍

迥

-aŋ

笭38 婞

領

ɣiaŋ

ʔiaŋ

[巊]37

靜

liaŋ

-iaŋ

siaŋ/ɕiaŋ

汫 醒

-iaŋ

嫈44 諍 43

36

42 41 40

paŋ/faŋ

𠊧

piaŋ/fiaŋ

b'aŋ/vaŋ

39

p'iaŋ/f'iaŋ

b'iaŋ/viaŋ

迸

逞

𠊧20 䁅21

p'aŋ/f'aŋ

miaŋ/ɱiaŋ

皏

b'aŋ/vaŋ

tiaŋ/ȶiaŋ

19

maŋ/ɱaŋ

t'iaŋ/ȶ'iaŋ

24

d'iaŋ/ȡ'iaŋ

徎25

niaŋ/ȵiaŋ

珽31 挺32 𩕳33 剄34 謦35

kiaŋ

頸26

kaŋ

耿

k'iaŋ

頂

痙27

䀴

ŋiaŋ g'iaŋ

tsaŋ/tɕaŋ

頩28 竝29 茗30

tsiaŋ/tɕiaŋ

整

dz'iaŋ/dʑ'iaŋ

ʔaŋ

鞞

22

23

ɣaŋ

幸

-aŋ

耿

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

131

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

麥

徑

勁

miaŋ/ɱiaŋ

61

賾 朿 策 [虉]60 責 57 56

tak/ȶak mak/ɱak b'ak/vak p'ak/f'ak pak/fak

摘

tiaŋ/ȶiaŋ

隔58 礊59

靘

t'iaŋ/ȶ'iaŋ

𡩋

徑50 罄51

d'iaŋ/ȡ'iaŋ

覈

62

零 脛 腥52

聖 盛

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

清濁 niaŋ/ȵiaŋ

kak

䌟54 麥55

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

kiaŋ

k'ak

𢶉

voiceless

k'iaŋ

蘗53

second-voiceless

ŋak

定

voiced

tsak/tɕak

聽

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

tsiaŋ/tɕiaŋ

ts'ak/tɕ'ak

矴49

voiceless

ts'iaŋ/tɕ'iaŋ

䒌

second-voiceless

dz'ak/dʑ'ak

48

voiced

sak/ɕak

47

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ɣak

46

voiceless

siaŋ/ɕiaŋ

政

second-voiceless

ziaŋ/ʑiaŋ

45

voiced

-ak

ʔak

鄭

齒音

dental

voiceless

-iaŋ

ʔiaŋ

遉

voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清 濁 清

voiceless

清濁 清

second-voiceless

ɣiaŋ

次清 濁

voiced

liaŋ

清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清

voiceless and voiced

-iaŋ

令

Pan Wenguo

舌齒音

lingual-dental

132

tiak/ȶiak

𪐏

t'iak/ȶ'iak

彳66 擲67

niak/ȵiak

64

65

p'iak/f'iak piak/fiak

碧63

b'iak/viak

錫 靂79 覓72

miak/ɱiak

荻73 惄74

激

kiak

d'iak/ȡ'iak

戚 燩75

k'iak

寂 錫77

赥 檄78

ŋiak

逖

tsiak/tɕiak

的

ts'iak/tɕ'iak

甓

dz'iak/dʑ'iak

隻

siak/ɕiak

尺 麝68 釋 石

xiak

鷁76 績

ɣiak

ziak/ʑiak

-iak

壁70 霹71

liak

69

-iak

昔

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

133

轟

ʔuaŋ

ʔuiaŋ

second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

9

熒

泓

k'uiaŋ kuiaŋ

kuiaŋ

褧

voiced

泂

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

8

voiceless

7

second-voiceless

6

voiced

5

齒音

dental

voiceless

扃4

voiced

1

voiceless

迥

3

xuiaŋ

濙 [詗] 迥

xuaŋ

ɣuiaŋ

10

宏

ɣuiaŋ

The 39th table of outer pattern gěng 外轉 梗第三 十九

second-voiceless

濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

青

耕

ɣuaŋ

-uaŋ

-uiaŋ

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingualdental

voiceless and voiced

-uiaŋ

Pan Wenguo

2

134

-iak

錫

[昔]

麥

-iak

sak/ɕak

[䞰] [𢷾]

xiak

[𦳮]

19

郹24 闃25

kiak

[𣤩]23

蟈

k'iak

t'iak/ȶ'iak

14

kak

15

16

g'ak

tsiak/tɕiak

17

18

dz'ak/dʑ'ak

20

鎣

殈26

21

獲

xak

騞

13

ɣak

12

ʔuiaŋ

11

xuiaŋ

轟

22

-ak

徑

-uiaŋ

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

135

voiceless

t'əʊ/ȶ'əʊ təʊ/ȶəʊ məʊ/ɱəʊ b'əʊ/vəʊ

幽 鏐

柔 劉13

樓6

飍19 幽

讎 憂12 收

樛

10

虯15 聱16 稵13

犨 周 鳩8 丘9 裘11 牛

愁 犙18 搊 鄒

休

侯 齁 謳 㔌5 涑 𣠏3 䜅4 齵

nəʊ/ȵəʊ

d'iəʊ/ȡ'iəʊ t'iəʊ/ȶ'iəʊ tiəʊ/ȶiəʊ

b'iəʊ/viəʊ p'iəʊ/f'iəʊ piəʊ/fiəʊ

miəʊ/ɱiəʊ

儔

d'əʊ/ȡ'əʊ

尤

侯

清濁

kiəʊ

繆

second-voiceless

kəʊ

淲14

voiced

k'iəʊ

7

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

k'əʊ

彪

voiceless

g'iəʊ

抽

second-voiceless

ŋiəʊ

輈

voiced

ŋəʊ

tsiəʊ/tɕiəʊ

謀

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

tsəʊ/tɕəʊ

ts'iəʊ/tɕ'iəʊ

浮

voiceless

ts'əʊ/tɕ'əʊ

䬌7

second-voiceless

dz'əʊ/dʑ'əʊ

siəʊ/ɕiəʊ

不

voiced

səʊ/ɕəʊ

彄

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ziəʊ/ʑiəʊ

鉤

voiceless

ʔiəʊ

羺

second-voiceless

xiəʊ

頭

voiced

xəʊ

偷

齒音

dental

voiceless

ɣəʊ

-iəʊ

[呣]2 兜

voiced

ʔəʊ

jiəʊ

The 40th table of inner pattern liú 內轉 流第 四十

voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

清

voiced

liəʊ

濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

ləʊ

清

voiceless and voiced

-iəʊ riəʊ

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-əʊ

尤

Pan Wenguo

1

136

pəʊ/fəʊ

候 陋44

b'əʊ/vəʊ

p'iəʊ/f'iəʊ

p'əʊ/f'əʊ

瘦 驟 皺49 簉

漚 偶 奏40 輳41 㔌42 瘶 寇 遘

məʊ/ɱəʊ b'iəʊ/viəʊ

piəʊ/fiəʊ

透 豆39 耨

təʊ/ȶəʊ

茂

t'əʊ/ȶ'əʊ

鬭

黝 愀37 蟉 糾36

d'əʊ/ȡ'əʊ

䏽38

tiəʊ/ȶiəʊ

蔻43 候

黝

有 蹂 柳 朽 32

醜

首34 受

t'iəʊ/ȶ'iəʊ

糗 舅29

d'iəʊ/ȡ'iəʊ

nəʊ/ȵəʊ

仆

p'əʊ/f'əʊ

niəʊ/ȵiəʊ

kəʊ

婦

b'əʊ/vəʊ

kiəʊ

k'əʊ

缶 㤱27

məʊ/ɱəʊ

口

təʊ/ȶəʊ

k'iəʊ

斗 𪌘21 䕆22 㝅23 苟

t'əʊ/ȶ'əʊ

tsəʊ/tɕəʊ ŋəʊ

母

d'əʊ/ȡ'əʊ

帚

tsiəʊ/tɕiəʊ

ts'əʊ/tɕ'əʊ

部

nəʊ/ȵəʊ

䬀

厚 吼

ts'iəʊ/tɕ'iəʊ

dz'əʊ/dʑ'əʊ

㨐20 剖

kəʊ

səʊ/ɕəʊ

歐

siəʊ/ɕiəʊ

g'iəʊ k'əʊ

ʔəʊ

紂 紐28 久

ŋəʊ

xəʊ

丑

tsəʊ/tɕəʊ

ləʊ

肘

ts'əʊ/tɕ'əʊ

掫 [𩋄]30 鯫31 溲33

dz'əʊ/dʑ'əʊ

-əʊ

ɣəʊ

ziəʊ/ʑiəʊ 藪26

səʊ/ɕəʊ

jiəʊ

ʔiəʊ

25

ʔəʊ

liəʊ

xiəʊ

走 取24

xəʊ

riəʊ

-iəʊ

藕

ɣəʊ

-iəʊ

有35

35

ləʊ

慺

-əʊ

厚

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

137

second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

k'iəʊ kiəʊ

d'iəʊ/ȡ'iəʊ t'iəʊ/ȶ'iəʊ tiəʊ/ȶiəʊ miəʊ/ɱiəʊ b'iəʊ/viəʊ

幼 幼

niəʊ/ȵiəʊ

p'iəʊ/f'iəʊ piəʊ/fiəʊ

䠐

g'iəʊ

糅

voiced

ŋiəʊ

復 [莓]45 晝 畜46 胄

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsiəʊ/tɕiəʊ

副

齒音

voiceless

ts'iəʊ/tɕ'iəʊ

富

喉音

guttural dental

second-voiceless

謬

voiced

voiced

輮

清

siəʊ/ɕiəʊ

voiceless

xiəʊ

溜

voiceless

second-voiceless

宥

濁

ziəʊ/ʑiəʊ

voiced

jiəʊ

齅

清

ʔiəʊ

voiceless and voiced

授

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

liəʊ

voiceless and voiced

-iəʊ

狩

清濁

riəʊ

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-iəʊ

宥

Pan Wenguo

救 [𪖛]47 舊48 𪖐 呪50 臭

138

voiceless

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

尤 猷5 囚 脩 酋4

ts'iəʊ/tɕ'iəʊ

秋

second-voiceless

dz'iəʊ/dʑ'iəʊ

tsiəʊ/tɕiəʊ

遒3

voiced

siəʊ/ɕiəʊ

k'iəʊ

惆2

齒音

dental

voiceless

ziəʊ/ʑiəʊ 搜

voiced

1

voiceless

jiəʊ

The 41st table of inner pattern liú 內轉 流第 四十 一

second-voiceless

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

清

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingualdental

-iəʊ

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

139

齒音

dental

voiceless voiced second-voiceless voiceless

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

siəʊ/ɕiəʊ

-iəʊ

有 酉6 滫

second-voiceless

dz'iəʊ/dʑ'iəʊ

湫

voiced

jiəʊ

tsiəʊ/tɕiəʊ

酒

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

6

清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

voiceless and voiced

次清 濁 清

voiceless

濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

Pan Wenguo

lingualdental

140

ziəʊ/ʑiəʊ

宥 狖

dz'iəʊ/dʑ'iəʊ

就

ts'iəʊ/tɕ'iəʊ

7

[䞭]

tsiəʊ/tɕiəʊ

僦

siəʊ/ɕiəʊ

岫

jiəʊ

秀

-iəʊ

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

141

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

second-voiceless

次清 濁

voiced

voiceless

清

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced

kiəm

侵 林

任

8

祲

侵

𩷒7

心

尋 愔

歆 諶 音 深 欽

琴

吟

斟

𧡪

6

森

niəm/ȵiəm d'iəm/ȡ'iəm t'iəm/ȶ'iəm tiəm/ȶiəm

1

voiceless

k'iəm

金

second-voiceless

g'iəm

䛘

voiced

ŋiəm

沉

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsiəm/tɕiəm

琛

voiceless

ts'iəm/tɕ'iəm

ziəm/ʑiəm

碪

second-voiceless

dz'iəm/dʑ'iəm

ʔiəm

3

voiced

siəm/ɕiəm

xiəm

2

齒音

dental

voiceless

岑

voiced

嵾5

voiceless

簪

second-voiceless

liəm

The 42nd table of inner pattern shēn 內轉 深第 四十 二

voiced

清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless and voiced

riəm

清

voiceless and voiced

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-iəm

Pan Wenguo

4

142

143

p'iəm/f'iəm

品

piəm/fiəm

妊

25

臨 [䫴] 甚 蔭 禁 賃 鴆 闖

浸22

枕

沁

[深]

23

揕

tiəm/ȶiəm

21

踸

t'iəm/ȶ'iəm

20

錦 拰 朕

d'iəm/ȡ'iəm

禀

tiəm/ȶiəm

niəm/ȵiəm

㱽

t'iəm/ȶ'iəm

kiəm

9

d'iəm/ȡ'iəm

吟

k'iəm

niəm/ȵiəm

滲 讖 譖

g'iəm

𦧈

罧 蕈15 寑13 䤐

g'iəm

[𩖄]10

僸

tsiəm/tɕiəm

噤

ts'iəm/ tɕ'iəm

ŋiəm

kiəm

沁

-iəm

甚 飲 廞 沈 椹 瀋

siəm/ɕiəm

ziəm/ʑiəm

坅

ŋiəm

11

tsiəm/tɕiəm

墋12 [𩒣]14 㾕16

ziəm/ʑiəm

ʔiəm

枕

ʔiəm

ts'iəm/tɕ'iəm

jiəm

17

xiəm

24

[潭]18

廪

jiəm

dz'iəm/dʑ'iəm

liəm

19

liəm

siəm/ɕiəm

riəm

荏

riəm

寑13

-iəm

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

舌音

lingual

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

緝

b'iəp/viəp

piəp/fiəp

niəp/ȵiəp d'iəp/ȡ'iəp tiəp'/ȶ'iəp

煜 斟

緝 㗱

泣

及

岌

執

集

𩎕

習 揖

吸 十 邑 溼 褶

32 30

急

kiəp

[熠]33

立

入

iəpt/ȶiəp

k'iəp

孨

voiceless and voiced

g'iəp

蟄

voiceless

ŋiəp

湁

second-voiceless

縶

voiced

[𩾳]

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsiəp/tɕiəp

28

voiceless

ts'iəp/tɕ'iəp

27

second-voiceless

dz'iəp/dʑ'iəp

26

voiced

siəp/ɕiəp

ʔiəp ziəp/ʑiəp [霵]31 澀

齒音

dental

voiceless

xiəp

29

voiced

jiəp

戢

voiceless

清濁

second-voiceless

濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁

voiced

清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

liəp

清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

riəp

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

清

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-iəp

Pan Wenguo

26

144

second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

登

仍

t'ɐŋ/ȶ'ɐŋ

b'ɐŋ/vɐŋ

p'ɐŋ/f'ɐŋ pɐŋ/fɐŋ

18 18

13 12

繒

17

興 升16 承 膺 繩 兢

硱11

殑

凝

稱 增

蒸

[磳]14 㱡15

層

蠅18

陵19

𪴂7 恒6 6

mɐŋ/ɱɐŋ

僧

tɐŋ/ȶɐŋ

d'ɐŋ/ȡ'ɐŋ

澄

voiced

nɐŋ/ȵɐŋ

僜

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced

kɐŋ

徵

voiceless

k'ɐŋ

10

second-voiceless

g'ɐŋ

ŋɐŋ 5

voiced

tsɐŋ/tɕɐŋ

冰 [砯]8 憑9

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

ts'ɐŋ/tɕ'ɐŋ

搄4

voiceless

dz'ɐŋ/dʑ'ɐŋ

能

second-voiceless

sɐŋ/ɕɐŋ

䥢2 滕3

voiced

zɐŋ/ʑɐŋ

登

齒音

dental

voiceless

ʔɐŋ

瞢

voiced

xɐŋ

The 43rd table of inner pattern 崩 [漰]1 朋 zēng 內轉曾 第四十 三

voiceless

濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

second-voiceless

ɣɐŋ

清

voiced

jɐŋ

清濁 清 次清 濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

lɐŋ

次清 濁

voiceless and voiced

-ɐŋ

rɐŋ

次清 濁 清濁 清

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingualdental

-ɐŋ

蒸

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

145

voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

等

g'ɐŋ k'ɐŋ

nɐŋ/ȵɐŋ

t'ɐŋ/ȶ'ɐŋ tɐŋ/ȶɐŋ

p'ɐŋ/f'ɐŋ

26

拯 [殑]25

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced

tsɐŋ/tɕɐŋ

25

voiceless

[庱]34

清濁 清 次清 濁

second-voiceless

[㱡]26

清

voiced

sɐŋ/ɕɐŋ

22

voiceless

次清 濁

齒音

dental

voiced

肯

voiceless

能21

second-voiceless

等

voiced

次清 濁 清濁 清

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

20

voiceless and voiced

-ɐŋ

濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清濁 清濁

voiceless and voiced

清 次清 濁 清濁 清

舌齒音

lingualdental

-ɐŋ

拯

Pan Wenguo

倗

146

職

弋

力

52

pɐk/fɐk

即

堲

息

寔 憶51 赩 識 極

嶷 職49 [瀷]50 食

色 崱 稄48 測

[𡮞]46

敕47 直

𥦜

勒

b'ɐk/vɐk p'ɐk/f'ɐk

pɐŋ/fɐŋ

䘅 [裓]40 刻

mɐk/ɱɐk

墨

tɐk/ȶɐk

逼 堛44 愎 [䁇]45 陟

覴 瞪31

t'ɐk/ȶ'ɐk

北 [覆]38 菔

b'ɐŋ/vɐŋ

d'ɐk/ȡ'ɐk

忒39 特

亘

kɐk

凴30

mɐŋ/ɱɐŋ

嶝 [𤃶]28 鄧

tɐŋ/ȶɐŋ

倗 懵27

t'ɐŋ/ȶ'ɐŋ

塞

g'ɐk

nɐk/ȵɐk d'ɐŋ/ȡ'ɐŋ

則 [墄]41 賊

ŋɐk

䩯

甑

tsɐk/tɕɐk

sɐk/ɕɐk

殛

34

ts'ɐk/tɕ'ɐk

zɐk/ʑɐk

k'ɐk kɐŋ

147

匿

dz'ɐk/dʑ'ɐk

ʔɐk

德

g'ɐŋ

勝 烝35 譍36 興

贈

ŋɐŋ

乘

tsɐŋ/tɕɐŋ

蹭

ts'ɐŋ/tɕ'ɐŋ

增

dz'ɐŋ/dʑ'ɐŋ

𡬙

zɐŋ/ʑɐŋ

稱

ʔɐŋ

xɐk

[殑]32 [凝]33 證

xɐŋ

餩42 黑 劾43

jɐk

孕37

lɐk

ɣɐk

sɐŋ/ɕɐŋ

-ɐk

德

證 𩜁

僜29

lɐŋ

-ɐk

認

rɐŋ

-ɐŋ

37

-ɐŋ

嶝

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

voiceless

清

voiced

second-voiceless

次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁 清濁 清 次清 濁

voiceless

清

齒音

dental

voiced

second-voiceless voiceless

牙音

velar

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

舌音

lingual

voiceless and voiced voiced second-voiceless voiceless

唇音

labial

voiceless and voiced voiced

2

voiceless

xuɐŋ

1

second-voiceless

ɣuɐŋ

kuɐŋ

The 44th table of inner pattern zēng 內轉 曾第四 十四

voiced

弘

次清 濁 清濁 清濁

喉音

guttural

voiceless and voiced

薨

清濁

voiceless and voiced

清

voiceless and voiced

濁

舌齒音

lingual-dental

-uɐŋ

登

Pan Wenguo

肱

148

kɐk

[𢃤]3 或

xɐk

國

ɣɐk

職 域

jɐk

-ɐk

洫

-ɐk

德

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

149

150

Pan Wenguo

Table 3.2 Initial Categories in the Rhyme Tables Places of articulation Voiceless Manners of articulation

Secondvoiceless

Voiced

Secondvoiced

Labial sounds Lingual sounds Dental sounds

Heavy labial sounds

帮p

滂 p‘

並b

明m

Light labial sounds

非f

敷 f‘

奉v

微ɱ

Apical-alvelar sounds

端t

透 t‘

定d

泥n

Dorso-prepalate sounds 知 ȶ

彻 ȶ‘

澄ȡ

娘ȵ

Dental sibilants

清 ts‘

从 dz

精 ts 心s

Division II of the front-tooth sounds

庄 tʂ

Division III of the front-tooth sounds

章 tɕ

邪z 初 tʂ‘

生ʂ

崇 dʐ 俟ʐ

昌 tɕʻ

书ɕ

船 dʑ 常ʑ

Velar sounds

见k

溪 k‘

群g

疑ŋ

Guttural sounds

影ʔ

晓h

匣ɦ

喻j

Half-lingual sound

来l

Half-dental sound

日r

Annotations: (1) These are 33 + 8 reconstructions. The number “33” is the summative result of 4 kinds of labial sounds, 4 kinds of lingual sounds, 15 kinds of dental sounds, 4 kinds of velar sounds, 4 kinds of guttural sounds, and 2 kinds of half-lingual and half-dental sounds. “+8” means the sum of 4 kinds of light labial sounds and 4 kinds of dorso-prepalate sounds. (2) These reconstructions are only hypothetical instead of the actual pronunciations, mainly to facilitate the distinctions and descriptions of sounds. For example, there may not be a difference between 非 [f] and 敷 [f‘], and the pronunciations of the dorso-prepalate sounds are only hypothetical, which may actually be similar to those sounds of division Ⅲ of the 照 zhào initial. (3) The names of the 36 sinograms are just borrowed names, and the terms of the 莊 zhuāng initial group and 章 zhāng initial group, which do not exist in the rhyme tables, are reconstructed by modern scholars. These terms are used here just to facilitate the understanding of their positions.

Table 3.3 The Reconstruction of Sixteen Rhyme Gatherings Sixteen rhyme Rhyme headings of the Guǎngyùn gatherings

通 tōng rhyme gathering

Reconstruction

Even tone

Rising tone

Departing Entering tone tone

东 dōng

董 dǒng

送 sòng

屋 wū

宋 sòng

沃 wò

冬 dōng

-oŋ

Entering tone

-ok

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables Sixteen rhyme Rhyme headings of the Guǎngyùn gatherings Even tone

江 jiāng rhyme gathering

止 zhǐ rhyme gathering

遇 yù rhyme gathering

蟹 xiè rhyme gathering

Rising tone

151

Reconstruction

Departing Entering tone tone

锺 zhōng 肿 zhǒng 用 yòng

烛 zhú

江 jiāng

觉 jiào

讲 jiǎng 绛 jiàng

-ɔŋ

Entering tone

-ɔk

支 zhī

纸 zhǐ

寘 zhì

脂 zhī

旨 zhǐ

至 zhì

Unrounded articulation

-i

之 zhī

止 zhǐ

志 zhì

Rounded articulation

-ui

微 wēi

尾 wěi

未 wèi

鱼 yú

语 yǔ

御 yù

Big aperture

-u

虞 yú

麌 yǔ

遇 yù

Small aperture

-iu

模 mú

姥 mǔ

暮 mù

齐 jì

荠 jì

霁 jì

泰 tài

Unrounded articulation, big aperture

-ai

祭 jì

佳 jiā

蟹 xiè

卦 guà

Unrounded articulation, small aperture

-ei

皆 jiē

骇 hài

怪 guài

Rounded articulation, big aperture

-uai

夬 guài

Rounded articulation, small aperture

-uei

灰 huī

贿 huì

队 duì

咍 hāi

海 hǎi

代 dài (Continued)

152

Pan Wenguo

Table 3.3 (Continued) Sixteen rhyme Rhyme headings of the Guǎngyùn gatherings Even tone

Rising tone

Reconstruction

Departing Entering tone tone 废 fèi

臻 zhēn rhyme gathering

真 zhēn

轸 zhěn

震 zhèn

质 zhì

Unrounded articulation, big aperture

-ən

谆 zhūn

准 zhǔn

稕 zhùn

术 zhú

Unrounded articulation, big aperture, entering tone

-ət

Unrounded articulation, small aperture

-iən

栉 zhì

臻 zhēn

山 shān rhyme gathering

文 wén

吻 wěn

问 wèn

物 wù

Unrounded articulation, small aperture, entering tone

-iət

欣 xīn

隐 yǐn

焮 xìn

迄 qì

Rounded articulation, big aperture

-uən

魂 hún

混 hún

慁 hùn

没 mò

Rounded articulation, big aperture, entering tone

-uət

痕 hén

很 hěn

恨 hèn

Rounded articulation, small aperture/ entering tone

-uiən/ uiət

元 yuán

阮 ruǎn

愿 yuàn

月 yuè

Unrounded articulation, big aperture

-an

寒 hán

旱 hàn

翰 hàn

曷 hé

Unrounded articulation, big aperture, entering tone

-at

桓 huán

缓 huǎn

换 huàn

末 mò

Unrounded articulation, small aperture

-i ɛ n

删 shān

潸 shān

谏 jiàn

黠 xiá

Unrounded articulation, small aperture, entering tone

-i ɛ t

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables Sixteen rhyme Rhyme headings of the Guǎngyùn gatherings

153

Reconstruction

Even tone

Rising tone

Departing Entering tone tone

山 shān

产 chǎn

裥 jiǎn

鎋 xiá

Rounded articulation, big aperture

-uan

先 xiān

铣 xiǎn

霰 xiàn

屑 xiè

Rounded articulation, big aperture, entering tone

-uat

仙 xiān

狝 xiǎn

线 xiàn

薛 xuē

Rounded articulation, small aperture/ entering tone

-uiɛn/uiɛt

萧 xiāo

篠 xiǎo

啸 xiào

霄 xiāo

小 xiǎo

笑 xiào

Big aperture

-ɑʊ

肴 yáo

巧 qiǎo

效 xiào

Small aperture

-iɑʊ

豪 háo

皓 hào

号 hào

哿 gě

箇 gè

Big aperture

-o

戈 gē

果 guǒ

过 guò

Small aperture

-io

假 jiǎ rhyme gathering

麻 má

马 mǎ

祃 mà

big/small aperture

-A/uA

宕 dàng rhyme gathering

阳 yáng

养 yǎng

漾 yàng

效 xiào rhyme gathering

果 guǒ rhyme 歌 gē gathering

药 yào

Unrounded -ɑŋ/iɑŋ, articulation, big/ small aperture Rounded -uɑŋ/ articulation, big/ uiɑŋ small aperture

梗 gěng rhyme gathering

唐 táng

荡 dàng

宕 dàng

铎 duó

Unrounded -ɑk/iɑk articulation, big/ small aperture, entering tone

庚 gēng

梗 gěng

映 yìng

陌 mò

Unrounded -aŋ/iaŋ articulation, big/ small aperture (Continued)

154

Pan Wenguo

Table 3.3 (Continued) Sixteen rhyme Rhyme headings of the Guǎngyùn gatherings

曾 céng rhyme gathering

Reconstruction

Even tone

Rising tone

Departing Entering tone tone

耕 gēng

耿 gěng

诤 zhēng

麦 mài

Rounded -uaŋ/uiaŋ articulation, big/ small aperture

清 qīng

静 jìng

劲 jìng

昔 xī

Unrounded -ak/iak articulation, big/ small aperture, entering tone

青 qīng

迥 jiǒng

径 jìng

锡 xī

蒸 zhēng 拯 zhěng 证 zhèng

职 zhí

Unrounded -ɐŋ/iɐŋ articulation, big/ small aperture Rounded -uɐŋ/uiɐŋ articulation, big/ small aperture

流 liú rhyme gathering

深 shēn rhyme gathering

咸 xián rhyme gathering

德 dé

Unrounded -ɐk/iɐk articulation, big/ small aperture, entering tone

登 dēng

等 děng

嶝 dèng

尤 yóu

有 yǒu

宥 yòu

Big aperture

-əʊ

侯 hóu

厚 hòu

候 hòu

Small aperture

-iəʊ

幽 yōu

黝 yǒu

幼 yòu

侵 qīn

寝 qǐn

沁 qìn

-iəm

缉 qī

Entering tone

-iəp

覃 tán

感 gǎn

勘 kān

合 hé

Unrounded articulation, big aperture

-am

谈 tán

敢 gǎn

阚 kàn

盍 hé

Unrounded articulation, big aperture, entering tone

-ap

盐 yán

琰 yǎn

艳 yàn

叶 yè

Unrounded articulation, small aperture

-iɛm

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables Sixteen rhyme Rhyme headings of the Guǎngyùn gatherings

155

Reconstruction

Even tone

Rising tone

Departing Entering tone tone

添 tiān

忝 tiǎn

掭 tiàn

怗 tiē

Unrounded articulation, small aperture, entering tone

-iɛp

咸 xián

豏 xiàn

陷 xiàn

洽 qià

Rounded articulation, big aperture

-uam

衔 xián

槛 jiàn

鉴 jiàn

狎 xiá

Rounded articulation, big aperture, entering tone

-uap

严 yán

俨 yǎn

酽 yàn

业 yè

Rounded articulation, small aperture

-uiɛm,

凡 fán

范 fàn

梵 fàn

乏 fá

Rounded articulation, small aperture, entering tone

-uiɛp

Annotations: (1) Taking 16 rhyme gatherings as the basis of reconstructions, we can get the major phonological categories of “royal capitals.” Each rhyme gathering has only one main pronunciation, which is shown in brackets in the table. The remaining categories are deduced according to unrounded or rounded articulation, big or small aperture, and lax or tense features of the sounds. The only exception is the 蟹 xiè rhyme gathering, where the big aperture and small aperture are reconstructed as [ai] and [ei], respectively, which is adopted from Mr. Shi Cunzhi’s suggestions. The 深 shēn rhyme gathering has only a small aperture and is therefore reconstructed as [iəm]. The 咸 xián rhyme gathering has almost no rounded articulation except for the labial sounds, but its reconstructions are still kept. (2) There is no unrounded or rounded articulation in the labial sounds, and it is not necessary to mark out [u] even in the rhyme tables of rounded articulations. (3) When marking the pronunciation of a sinogram in the rhyme table, what needs to do is just combine the initials and rhymes together according to their respective positions.

3.4 Annotations to the rhyme tables The 1st table: The 通 tōng rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𢓤 fèng according to the Jíyùn. abb It is miswritten as 豊 fēng in the Wángyùn. aab It is miswritten as 矗 chù in the Qīyīn lüè. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. aa○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 𧲤 yóng, which can only be found in the Yùpiān. 6. abc In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 㚇 zōng according to the Jíyùn, but in the Yùnjìng, it is miswritten as 葼 zōng.

156

Pan Wenguo

 

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

157

27. aab It is written as zhòng in the Qīyīn lüè. 28. abc It is written as 謥 còng in the Qīyīn lüè. This sinogram does not exist in other rhyme dictionaries. This sinogram might be an allograph that appeared after the Jíyùn was published. The sinogram 諗 shěn in the Wángyùn is also its allograph. 29. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is miswritten as . 30. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 瓮 wèng according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 31. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 32. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 33. aba It is written as 閧 hòng in the Yùnjìng. 34. abc It is written as 曝 bào, 暴 bào, and 瀑 bào in the three books, respectively. The minor rhyme is written as 暴 bào in the Tánɡyùn. Note: The sinogram 瀑 pù seems to be miswritten as 暴 bào in the sentence “~布, 水下流 (waterfall, the downward-flowing water).” The sinogram 瀑 pù is engendered according to its meaning. 35. abc In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 豰 hù, consistent with the Guǎngyùn. In both the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 豰 hù. In the Jíyùn, this sinogram appears in the 屋 wū rhyme and 覺 jiào, jué rhyme according to the Shuōwén jiězì and the Yùnjìng. 36. abb It is written as 稸 xù in the rhyme dictionaries of the Tánɡ dynasty. It is written as 畜 chù in the two sets of rhyme tables. 37. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 朒 nǜ, consistent with the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr but inconsistent with other rhyme dictionaries. It is also written as 朒 nǜ in the Qǐshùjué. According to the Yùnjìng Kǎozhèng (韻鏡考證 Textual research on the Yùnjìng), Li Xinkui also thinks that this sinogram should be considered 朒 nǜ. In the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 肭 nà. 38. abb In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 穀 gǔ according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 39. aab It is written as 趜 qū in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original basis is unknown. 40. aba It is written as 𩣽 jǘ in the initial rhymes of the rhyme dictionaries of the Tánɡ dynasty, but it is written as 驧 jú in the Yùnjìng, consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 41. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 42. ○aa It can be found in the rhyme dictionaries of the Tánɡ dynasty, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 43. ○○a It is written as 簇 cù in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn has 𡻬 zú, liaised as 仕 shì 六 lù. Perhaps the Qīyīn lüè mistakenly referred to this sinogram due to its graphic similarity with 𡻬 zú. 44. ○○ a The Qīyīn lüè has the sinogram 孰 shú according to the Jíyùn. This sinogram belongs to the 禅 shàn initials in the rhyme dictionaries.

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45. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 46. ab ○ It is mixed into the 船 chuán initials of the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 44. This sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Wángyùn and might have been taken from the Wángyùn. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 塾 shú, inconsistent with the two previous books. 47. abc It is written as 嗀 hù, 熇 hè, and 縠 hú in the three books, respectively. The sinogram 嗀 hù is used as the initials rhyme in the rhyme dictionaries. The sinogram 縠 hú in the Qīyīn lüè was mistakenly moved from the 匣 xiá initials of the left cell to this location. Please see note 49. The sinogram 熇 hè in the Yùnjìng is consistent with that in the Yùnlüè. 48. abc In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 畜 xù according to the Jíyùn. 49. aa ○ In the Qīyīn lüè, it was mistakenly moved to the 曉 xiǎo initials on the right. Please see note 47. 50. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. The 2nd table: The 通 tōng rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 2. ○ a ○ This minor rhyme exists in the Qiè’èr and the Guǎngyùn. The minor rhyme in both the Wáng’èr and Wǔdài Kānběn (五代刊本 Five Dynasties block-printed edition) belongs to the minor rhyme 彤 tóng. The Jíyùn has the two minor rhymes 炵 tōng and 流 liú here. The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 3. aa ○ This sinogram is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè, but it is miswritten in both the Wángyùn and the Yùnjìng. 4. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 5. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 6. ○ ab It is written as 騘 cōng in the Yùnjìng and as 聰 cōng in the Qīyīn lüè. The two sinograms both belong to the minor rhyme 怱 cōng of the 東 dōng rhyme. The Wǔdài Kānběn has cōnɡ, liaised as 此 cǐ 淙 cóng. The two books might have mistakenly referred to this sinogram. 7. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 8. aab It is written as 𩘎 hóng in the Qīyīn lüè. In the rhyme dictionaries, 䃔 hóng is used as the first sinogram of the minor rhyme. 9. aba It is written as 傭 yōng in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram 蹱 zhōng is used as the first sinogram of the minor rhyme in the rhyme dictionaries. 10. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 11. aab It is written as 衝 chōng according to the Yùnlüè in the Qīyīn lüè. 12. abb In the rhyme dictionaries, 蜙 zhōng is used as the first sinogram of the minor rhyme. It is written as 淞 sōng in the Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè according to the Yùnlüè. 13. abb In the rhyme dictionaries, the sinogram 胷 xiōng is used as the first sinogram of the minor rhyme. In the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 匈 xiōng according to the Jíyùn.

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

33. 34. 35. 36.

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○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 容 róng in division III and 庸 yōng in diviaba sion IV. They are both the recurrence of the minor rhyme. a ○ a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. a ○ a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè has the sinogram 統 tǒng. This sinogram exists in the departing tone of the 宋 sòng rhyme, and its rising tone does not exist in the rhyme dictionaries. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𨑊 nóng according to the Jíyùn. aab It is miswritten as 覂 fěng in the Yùnjìng and the Wángyùn. aba It is miswritten as 冢 zhǒng in the Yùnjìng. aba It is written as 拲 gǒng in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram in the rhyme dictionaries belongs to the 見 jiàn initials, and the original source of this sinogram is unknown. abc It is written as , , in the three books, respectively. The Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè both mistakenly referred to this sinogram due to the graphic similarity. abc It is written as , 𢛒 chǒng, in the three books, respectively. The Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè both mistakenly referred to this sinogram due to the graphic similarity. abc It is written as 𡰁 zhǒng, , in the three books, respectively. The sinogram should be written as 尰 zhǒng, which is miswritten in the three books. a ○ a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. abc It is written as 勇 yǒng, 甬 yǒng, and 愑 yǒng in the three books, respectively. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Jíyùn. Other minor rhymes in the rhyme dictionaries start with the sinogram 勇 yǒng. In the Qǐshùjué, it is written as 勇 yǒng, which is correct. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as mènɡ according to the Jíyùn. ○ ab In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 湩 dòng according to the Jíyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 𧳮 zhòng, but its original source is unknown. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 癑 nòng, nóng according to the Jíyùn. aab It is miswritten as in the Qīyīn lüè. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè has the sinogram 隆 lóng. The sinogram 䃧 lóng should belong to the 東 dōng rhyme. The Jíyùn has 䃧 lóng, liaised as 魯 lǔ 宋 sòng. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 艨 méng according to the Jíyùn. a ○ a It can be found in division I of the Yùnjìng. aac It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè and there are two minor rhymes 儱 lǒng and 憃 chōng in the Wángyùn. aab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 㭜 róng in the Qīyīn lüè. In the Jíyùn, the sinogram 𢫨 rǒng is liaised as 戎 róng 用 yòng and this sinogram is the chóngniǔ doublet of the minor rhyme 䩸 róng, so this sinogram of the rhyme table should be based on the Guǎngyùn.

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37. ○ ○ a It is written as 㮔 chòng in the Qīyīn lüè, but the Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram mistakenly according to the Jíyùn. It should be the sinogram 揰 chòng. 38. a ○ a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 39. aa ○ The sinogram can be found in the Tánɡyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is miswritten as 襮 bó. 40. ○ ab It is written as 菖 chāng in the Qīyīn lüè. In all the rhyme dictionaries, this sinogram belongs to the minor rhyme 福 fú of the 屋 wū rhyme. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 尊 zūn. The Jíyùn has 荨 qián, liaised as 四 sì 沃 wò. This sinogram might have been miswritten as 四 sì in the Yùnjìng when it was taken from the Jíyùn due to its graphic similarity with the sinogram 匹 pǐ. 41. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 儥 dú according to the Jíyùn. 42. aba It is miswritten as 捁 kù in the Yùnjìng. 43. ○ a ○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 44. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 宋 sòng according to the Jíyùn. 45. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 46. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 47. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 48. ○ ab It is written as 媦 wèi in the Yùnjìng and as 媢 mào in the Qīyīn lüè. However, the sinogram 媦 wèi does not exist in the rhyme dictionaries. In both the Wánɡyī and the Guǎngyùn, the sinogram 媢 mào belongs to the minor rhyme 瑁 mào of the 沃 wò rhyme, but in the Jíyùn, the sinogram belongs to another minor rhyme. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè was taken from the Jíyùn, but it may have been miswritten in the Yùnjìng when it was taken from the Qīyīn lüè. 49. abb It is miswritten as in the Wángyùn. 50. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 51. ○ ○ a It is miswritten as 溽 rù in the Qīyīn lüè, and the sinogram 溽 rù belongs to the minor rhyme 辱 rǔ in the rhyme dictionaries. The Jíyùn has 傉 nù, liaised as 女 nǚ 足 zú. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 52. ○ab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 𡣒 sù according to the Jíyùn. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 㑛 sù, which belongs to the minor rhyme 束 shù. The sinogram may have been miswritten when it was taken from the Qīyīn lüè. 53. ○ab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as cú according to the Jíyùn. In the Yùnjìng, it was miswritten as when it was taken from the Qīyīn lüè. 54. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 數 shù according to the Jíyùn. 55. ○a○ It is the recurrence of the sinogram 郁 yù of the 屋 wū rhyme in the first rhyme table of the Yùnjìng. 56. ○a○ It is miswritten in the Yùnjìng. a○a

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The 3rd table: The 江 jiāng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

aab It is miswritten as 䏺 pāng in the Qīyīn lüè. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 尨 máng according to the Jíyùn. aba It is miswritten as 摏 chōng in the Yùnjìng. aab It is miswritten as 𣋏 pù in the Qīyīn lüè. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. abb In the Qiè’èr, it is also written as . In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 牕 chuāng according to the Yùnlüè. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. aba It is written as 舡 chuán in the Yùnjìng, but its source is unknown. abb The sinogram 栙 xiáng is used as the first sinogram of the minor rhyme in the rhyme dictionaries, consistent with the Wángyùn. (The Jíyùn uses 夅 jiàng as the first sinogram). In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 降 jiàng according to the Yùnlüè. bang in the Yùnjìng, consistent with the Qiè’èr, the ○ ab It is written as Wáng’èr, and the Guǎngyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 䋽 běng, consistent with the Jíyùn. ○ ○ a It is written as 耩 jiǎng in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 耩 jiǎng belongs to the minor rhyme 講 jiǎng. The Jíyùn has 㩧 bó, liaised as 普 pǔ, 講 jiǎng. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. aab It is miswritten as 㤶 máng in the Qīyīn lüè. In the Jíyùn, the sinogram 㤶 máng belongs to the departing tone. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. aab It is miswritten as 胖 pàng in the Qīyīn lüè. ○ a ○ It is written as 䏵 mǎng in the Yùnjìng. The Jíyùn has 㤶 màng, liaised as 尨 máng, 巷 hàng. The sinogram here might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Yùnjìng. ○ aa The sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 鬟 huán according to the Jíyùn. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○ ○ a It is written as 戆 gàng in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 戆 gàng belongs to the 端 initials. The Jíyùn has 贛 gàn, liaised as 呼 hū 降 jiàng. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè might have been miswritten when it was taken from to the Jíyùn. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. in both the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè. (The sinogram abb It is miswritten as is correct in the Tōngzhì and the Qīyīn lüè of the Sìbù bèiyào version.) aab It is miswritten as 連 lián in the Qīyīn lüè. (The sinogram is correct in the Sìbù bèiyào version.) aab It is miswritten as 殼 qiào in the Qīyīn lüè. aba It is written as 岳 yuè in the Yùnjìng, but its original source is unknown. a ○ a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng.

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The 4th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. ○ ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. It is miswritten as 披 pī in the Yùnjìng and it is the recurrence of the minor rhyme of 鈹 pī. 2. aba In the Wángyùn, it is written as 麋 mí. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 縻 mí, but its original source is unknown. In the Qiè’èr, the Qièsān, the Wáng’èr, the Guǎngyùn, the Jíyùn, and the Yùnlüè, this sinogram is written as 糜 mí. The Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Wángyùn. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is also written as 糜 mí. 3. abb It is written as 弥 mí in the Wángyùn. In the Wáng’èr, this sinogram is written as mí. Now it is still written as mí. 4. abb It is written as 樆 chī in the Wángyùn. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 摛 chī. In the Qiè’èr, the Wánɡyī, and the Wáng’èr, this sinogram is written as 摛 chī, and now it is still written as 摛 chī. 5. abb It is written as qī in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wáng’èr. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 㩻 qī, consistent with the Qiè’èr. 6. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 7. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○a○ 8. In the Yùnjìng, it is mistakenly put in division III. a○a 9. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 施 shī, consistent with the Jíyùn. In the Qièsān and the Wángyùn, it is written as 絁 shī. 10. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 匙 chí, consistent with the Jíyùn. In the Wángyùn, it is written as 㮛 chí. In the Qiè’èr, the Qièsān, and the Wáng’èr, it is written as 提 tí. Now it is also written as 提 tí. 11. aba It is written as 猗 yī in the Yùnjìng. 12. a ○ b In the Wángyùn, it is written as 𧦭 xī, consistent with the Wáng’èr. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 訑 yí, consistent with the Qièsān. In the Guǎngyùn, it is written as 詑 yí and the vulgar form of this sinogram is 訑 yí. In the Yùnjìng, it is omitted. 13. abc It is written as 𢔌 bǐ, bǐ, and 比 bǐ in the three books, respectively. The Guǎngyùn is consistent with the Wángyùn. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr. The sinogram 比 bǐ belongs to the 旨 zhǐ rhyme. 14. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 弭 mǐ according to the Jíyùn. It is written as 㳽 mǐ in the Zhǐzhǎngtú. 15. aba It is written as 柅 chì in the Yùnjìng, consistent with the Jíyùn. 16. aab It is miswritten as 椅 yǐ in the Qīyīn lüè. 17. ○ ab It is written as 踦 yǐ in the Yùnjìng, and in the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 枳 zhǐ. In the Guǎngyùn, the sinogram 踦 yǐ belongs to the minor rhyme 掎 jǐ, which is the recurrence of the same minor rhyme. The Guǎngyùn has another minor rhyme 枳 zhǐ. 18. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn.

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19. abb The Wángyùn is consistent with the Wáng’èr and the Qiè’èr. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 螘 yǐ according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 20. aba It is written as 舐 shì in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram 舐 shì in the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Wángyùn but is inconsistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 21. aba It is written as 氏 shì in the Yùnjìng, and in the rhyme dictionaries, the first sinogram is 是 shì. 22. aaa The Wángyùn has another minor rhyme 輢 yǐ here. b 23. a ○ a It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. 24. a ○ a It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. 25. a ○ a It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. 26. a ○ a It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. 27. a ○ b It is written as 縻 mí in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Qièsān. It does not exist in the Guǎngyùn or the Yùnjìng. There are minor rhymes 縻 mí and 靡 mí in the Jíyùn. It is written as 魅 mèi in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 28. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 29. ○ aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 30. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 31. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 義 yì according to the Jíyùn. 32. ○ ab It is written as 𧙁 zhì in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr and the Guǎngyùn. In the Yùnjìng, it is miswritten as 柴 chái. It does not exist in the Wángyùn. 33. a ○ ○ In the Wángyùn, it is written as 㑥 yì, consistent with the Wángyī. In the Wáng’èr, the sinogram 㑥 yì belongs to the minor rhyme 易 yì and is also liaised as 神 shén 易 yì. It does not exist in the Guǎngyùn and belongs to the minor rhyme 豉 shì in the Jíyùn. 34. a ○ a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. The 5th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. ca ○ It is written as 錘 chuí in the Yùnjìng and is the recurrence of the minor rhyme 鬌 tuǒ. 2. ab ○ In the rhyme dictionaries, it is written as 槻 guī. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 規 guī according to the Jíyùn. It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. 3. aa ○ It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. 4. ○ a ○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 䞚 kuí according to the Jíyùn. 5. ○ aa The sinogram exists in the Qiè’èr, the Qièsān, the Wáng’èr, and the Guǎngyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. This sinogram, liaised as 子 zǐ 垂 chuí, actually belongs to division IV and the sinogram 照 zhào, liaised as 母 mǔ 又 yòu, is put in division III according to the Jíyùn.

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20. aa ○ 21. ○ ba When referring to this entry, entries 21 and 23 should be considered. In 23. ○ ba the Qīyīn lüè, this sinogram 諉 wěi is placed in division IV and was mistakenly moved by one cell to the left into the 見 jiàn initials. Then the 見 jiàn initials were put in the 溪 xī initials, while the sinograms of the 溪 xī initials were deleted. 21. ○ ab Please see the preceding entry. Also, the Wǔyīn yùnjìng added the sinogram 瞡 guī according to the Guǎngyùn. 22. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 尯 kuì according to the Jíyùn. 23. aab Please see notes 20 and 21. In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 觖 jué cannot be found. 24. abb In the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 䅗 suì according to the Guǎngyùn. In the Jíyùn, it is written as 瀡 suǐ, consistent with the Wángyùn. 25. ○ ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is miswritten as . ?> 26. ○ aa The sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. The 6th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. abb It is miswritten as 𨚀 pī in the Wángyùn, but it is written correctly in the Qiè’èr and the Wáng’èr. 2. abb It is written as 𣬈 pí in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 毗 pí, consistent with the Qiè’èr, the Qièsān, and the Wáng’èr. 3. abb It is written as 𡎰 chí in the Wángyùn. However, this sinogram is not formally written in the rhyme dictionaries of Táng dynasty. It should be written as 墀 chí in the two sets of rhyme tables. 4. abb In the rhyme dictionaries, the minor rhymes all start with the sinogram 鬐 qí, but in the two sets of rhyme tables, the minor rhyme starts with the sinogram 耆 qí according to the Yùnlüè. 5. aab It is miswritten as 示 shì in the Qīyīn lüè. 6. abb It is miswritten as , but in the Qiè’èr, the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr, it is written correctly. 7. aab It is miswritten as 只 zhī in the Qīyīn lüè. 8. ○ ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added the sinogram 咦 yí according to the Guǎngyùn. The sinogram in the Yùnjìng was miswritten as 夷 yí when it was taken from the Wǔyīn yùnjìng. The Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn lack the sinogram 夷 yí under the minor rhyme 咦 yí. 9. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 夷 yí according to the Jíyùn. 10. ○ ○ a In the Qīyīn lüè, it is misplaced in division II. In the Yùnjìng, it is written ab○ as lí according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn.

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11. abc It is miswritten as in the Qīyīn lüè. In the Wángyùn, it is miswritten as 𧯻 pǐ, and the right sinogram should be the sinogram 嚭 pǐ according to the Yùnjìng (in the Wángyī, it is written as 噽 pǐ). 12. aab It is miswritten as in the Qīyīn lüè. 13. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as chǐ according to the Jíyùn. 14. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 15. a a ○ In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as zǐ, which belongs to the minior rhyme ○○a 姊 zǐ. The Jíyùn has 柿 shì, liaised as 側 cè几 jī. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè was miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 16. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as zǐ and it is an allograph. 17. abb It is miswritten as 𠂕 shǐ in the Wángyùn. 18. abc In the three books, it is written as 歖 yǐ, 㰻 yǐ, and 㱅 yì, respectively. The Qīyīn lüè mistakenly referred to this due to the graphic similarity. The sinogram in the Yùnjìng is consistent with the Wángyī, the Wáng’èr, the Qièsān and the Guǎngyùn. 19. ○ ○ a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 唏 xī according to the Jíyùn. 20. a ○ a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 21. abc It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng, and in the Wángyùn, it is written as jì. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. 22. ○ ○ a It is written as 蟿 qì in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 蟿 qì belongs to the minor rhyme 棄 qì, which has 蟿 qì, liaised as 吉 jí qì. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 23. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 恣 zì, consistent with other rhyme dictionaries. In the Wángyùn, it is miswritten as 姿 zī. 24. a ○ ○ The Wángyùn has 㿷 cì, liaised as 楚 chǔ 利 lì. Lǐ Róng categorized it as unrounded articulation, which might be erroneous. In the Guǎngyùn, the sinogram is liaised as 楚 chǔ 槐 huái. In both the Wángyī and the Jíyùn, the sinogram is liaised as 楚 chǔ 類 lèi and is categorized as a rounded articulation. The Qīyīn lüè has in the rounded articulation. Perhaps the sinogram is miswritten due to graphic similarity. Please see note 20 of the 7th table. 25. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as zì. In both the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr, it is written as 自 zì. 26. ○ aa The two sets of rhyme tables added the sinogram 呬 xì according to the Jíyùn. 27. ○ a ○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 系 xì according to the Jíyùn. The 7th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 槌 chuí, but its original source is unknown. 2. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 隹 zhuī according to the Jíyùn. 3. ○ ○ a It is miswritten as 嫢 zuī in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 嫢 zuī belongs to the rhyme 旨 zhǐ. There is 嫢 zuī, liaised as 聚 jù 惟 wéi. The Qīyīn lüè mistakenly referred to this.

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The 12th table: The 遇 yù rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. abb In the rhyme dictionaries, the sinogram is written as 𥠵 pū, but in the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 鋪 pū according to the Yùnlüè. 2. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 蒲 pú according to the Jíyùn. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Qièsān and the Wángyī. In the Qǐshùjué, it is written as 匍 pú. 3. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 麤 cū according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 4. abb It is written as 殂 cú in the Wángyùn. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wángyī, the Qièsān, and the Guǎngyùn. (It is written as 䢐 cú in the Jíyùn.) 5. aab It is written as 蘇 sū in the Qīyīn lüè, but the graphical form of this sinogram is different. 6. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 膚 fū according to the Jíyùn. 7. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 符 fú, but its original source is unknown. 8. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 欨 xū. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 劬 qú. This minor rhyme is written as 劬 qú in the Qièsān and Kānmiù bǔquē qièyùn in the Shíyùn huìbiān and there is no sinogram 欨 xū under the minor rhyme. In both the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, the sinogram 欨 xū belongs to the 曉 xiǎo initials. Perhaps the sinogram in the Wángyùn is erroneous. 9. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 10. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 雛 chú according to the Jíyùn. 11. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 須 xū according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Qièsān. 12. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 俞 yú according to the Jíyùn. 13. aba It is miswritten as 𥙷 bǔ in the Yùnjìng. 14. abc It is written as 怒 nù, 努 nǔ, and 弩 nǔ in the three books, respectively. In the rhyme dictionaries, 怒 nù is used as the first sinogram of the minor rhyme. 15. ab ○ (影 yǐng) The sinogram 𡡅 niǎo belongs to the 影 yǐng initials and we do ○ ○ a (喻 yù) not know why the Qīyīn lüè moved the sinogram to the 喻 yù initials. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as yǔ according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 16. abb In the two books of rhyme tables, it is written as 拄 zhǔ according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr. 17. aab It is written as wǔ in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. ○ a ○ (II) 18. Division II of the Yùnjìng has 䝒 zhù, and division III has zhù. ○ bc (III) Division III of the Qīyīn lüè has zhù. In the Wángyī, the Wáng’èr, the Guǎngyùn, and the Jíyùn, the sinogram 䝒 zhù can be found and is placed in the 床 chuáng initials, but the sinograms zhù and zhù do not exist. In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram is misplaced. In the Yùnjìng, it is a recurrence.

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19. aa ○ (II) This sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is placed in division III, which is ○○ a (III) erroneous. 20. aba It is written as 𦄼 xū in the Yùnjìng, the Guǎngyùn, and the Jíyùn. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. 21. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 豎 shù according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 22. aab It is written as 詡 xǔ in the Qīyīn lüè, which was mistakenly moved from the left cell. The sinogram 傴 yǔ is omitted here. Please see the following entry. 23. aa ○ Please see the preceding entry. This sinogram 詡 xǔ in the Qīyīn lüè was b mistakenly moved to the right line and the minor rhyme 栩 xǔ remains in this location in the Wángyùn. 24. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 25. aa ○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 26. aab It is written as 妒 dù in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 27. aba It is written as 兎 tú in the Yùnjìng according to the Jíyùn. 28. aba It is miswritten as nù in the Yùnjìng. 29. aab It is written as 絝 kù in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Guǎngyùn. As for this sinogram, the Yùnjìng is inconsistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. 30. ○ ab It is written as 作 zuò in the Qīyīn lüè, and as 做 zuò in the Guǎngyùn, the Jíyùn and the Yùnjìng, but its original source is unknown. (There is no 做 zuò in the minor rhyme of 作 zuò.) 31. aba It is miswritten as 厝 cuò in the Yùnjìng. 32. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 33. aa It can be found in the Tángyùn, and it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 34. ab It is written as 䦌 chù in the Yùnjìng, and as 閏 rùn in the Qīyīn lüè, both of which are erroneous. The Guǎngyùn has 𨳳 chù, liaised as 丒 chǒu 注 zhù. The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 35. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 36. ○○a It is written as 趨 qū in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn has 媰 chú, liaised as 仄 zè 遇 yù, and this sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 37. abb It is written as 𦼈 jù in the Wángyùn, and it is the same in the two sets of rhyme tables as it is in the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. 38. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added chù according to the Jíyùn. 39. abc It is written as jù, jù, and jù, respectively, in the three books. The Yùnjìng referred to this sinogram according to the Yùnlüè. The Qīyīn lüè mistakenly referred to this sinogram due to its graphic similarity. 40. aab It is miswritten as 梀 sù in the Qīyīn lüè. 41. aba It is written as 呴 xǔ in the Yùnjìng, which is consistent with the Guǎngyùn and inconsistent with the Jíyùn. Since 煦 is a sinogram in the name of the Zhézōng emperor (1086–1098, an emperor of the Sòng dynasty named 赵

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zhào 煦 xù.), this adaptation might be related to the taboo of using the sinograms in the emperor’s name. 42. abb In the Wángyùn, this sinogram is consistent with the Wángyī, the Wáng’èr, and the Tángyùn. The two sets of rhyme tables use this sinogram according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. The 13th table: The 蟹 xiè rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is miswritten as pāi in the Yùnjìng. 2. aab It is miswritten as 䏽 bù in the Qīyīn lüè. 3. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 哉 zāi according to the Jíyùn. In the Wángyùn, it is written as 災 zāi as it is in the Pelliot chinois 3695 and the Qièsān. 4. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 5. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is miswritten as hái. 6. ○○a It is written as lái in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Jíyùn has 荋 ér, liaised as 汝 rǔ 来 lái, and the Qīyīn lüè mistakenly referred to this sinogram. This sinogram is in 日 rì initials, and it should be categorized in division III. 7. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 䪹 péi according to the Jíyùn. 8. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added pái according to the Jíyùn. 9. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 10. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added āi according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, and it is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 11. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 12. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 13. ab○ It is written as 𢓬 xié according to the Guǎngyùn in the Yùnjìng, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn and omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 14. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 15. abb It is written as 豍 bī in all the rhyme dictionaries, and it is written as 篦 bì in the two sets of rhyme tables. It is consistent with the Yùnlüè. 16. aab It is written as pī according to the Guǎngyùn in the Qīyīn lüè. It is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 17. aba It is written as 鼙 pí in the Yùnjìng. 18. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 氐 dī according to the Jíyùn. 19. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 題 tí according to the Jíyùn. 20. aba It is written as 雞 jī in the Yùnjìng according to the the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 21. a ○ c (III) It is miswritten in both sets of rhyme tables. It is written as 移 yí in ○○ b (IV) the Qīyīn lüè and categorized in division IV, but this sinogram does not exist in the Yùnjìng and might have been intentionally deleted. 22. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 兮 xī according to the Jíyùn, but it is written as 奚 xī in the Qǐshùjué.

174 23.

24.

25. 26. 27. 28.

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

41. 42.

Pan Wenguo a ○○ This sinogram should be categorized in division III, but it is categorized ○ aa in division IV in the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè. There is a circle on this sinogram in the Yùnjìng, and it is written as ní to indicate that the sinogram is special. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has 俖 pěi under the 幫 bāng initials, which is erroneous. There are two minor rhymes under the 滂 pang initials according to the Wángyùn and the Guǎngyùn, one of which is 啡 fēi, and another is 俖 pěi. Now this cell is occupied by 啡 fēi, so the sinogram 俖 pěi must be deleted. However, in the Yùnjìng, this sinogram was mistakenly moved to the 幫 bāng initials, possibly because it mistakenly referred to 俖 pěi in the Jíyùn. aba It is written as 蓓 bèi in the Yùnjìng. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 采 cǎi according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. ○○ a (II) This sinogram should have been categorized in division III, but was aa ○ (III) actually categorized in division II in the Qīyīn lüè, and was mixed into the 駭 hài rhyme. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 認 rèn according to the Jíyùn. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. This sinogram is in the 日 rì initials, and should be categorized in division III but is actually categorized in division I in the Wǔyīn yùnjìng. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 矲 bà according to the Jíyùn. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. ○○ a (曉 xiǎo) It is mistakenly categorized into the 曉 xiǎo initials in the Qīyīn aa ○ (匣 xiá) lüè. ○aa It is miswritten as 獺 tǎ in both sets of rhyme tables. The Jíyùn has 攋 lài, liaised as 洛 luò 駭 hài, which should be based on this SL final. ab ○ (疑 yí Ⅳ) It is written as 掜 yì in the Yùnjìng and is mistakenly cat○○ a (章 zhāng Ⅲ) egorized in division III of the 章 zhāng initials in the Qīyīn lüè. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 灑 sǎ according to the Jíyùn. In this table, there are sinograms of both the 海 hǎi rhyme and 薺 qí rhyme in division III. ○○ b (曉 xiǎo) In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 徯 xī according to ab ○ (匣 xiá) the Guǎngyùn and is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. It is mistakenly categorized into the 曉 xiǎo initials in the Qīyīn lüè. ○aa The Yùnjìng added 㤄 pèi according to the Jíyùn. aab It is miswritten as 溉 gài in the Qīyīn lüè, which is consistent with the sinogram in the right cell. It might have been mistakenly copied.

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43. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 隑 gāi according to the Jíyùn. 44. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 在 zài according to the Jíyùn. 45. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 46. abc It is written as xiè, xiè, and 瀣 xiè, respectively, in the three books. The graphic forms of the sinogram are erroneous in both the Wángyùn and the Yùnjìng. 47. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has a sinogram 拜 bài, and it is the recurrence of the sinogram in the rounded-articulation table. 48. abb It is miswritten as 褹 yì in both the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè. 49. aab It is miswritten as 誠 chéng in the Qīyīn lüè. 50. aab It is miswritten as ài in the Qīyīn lüè. 51. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 52. ab○ It is written as tì in the Wángyùn, which is consistent with the Wángyī. It is written as 跇 chì in the Yùnjìng, which is consistent with the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 53. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 54. aba It is miswritten as 憇 qì in the Yùnjìng. 55. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 56. aab It is written as 劓 yì in the Qīyīn lüè, and this sinogram is in the 至 zhì rhyme. 57. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added zài according to the Jíyùn. 58. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram 鎩 shā is in the 恠 guài rhyme, but another sinogram 㡜 xuě is in the 祭 jì rhyme in division II, which must be deleted. 59. aba It is written as 丗 shì in the Yùnjìng according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 60. a ○ c (影 yǐng In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram belonging to the 影 yǐng initials is ○ ab (曉 xiǎo) mistakenly categorized into the 曉 xiǎo initials. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as the sinogram 慧 huì under the 曉 xiǎo initials, but its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn has 𢠾 qì, liaised as 許 xǔ 罽 jì. This sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 61. aba It is miswritten as jì in the Yùnjìng. 62. aab It is written as 弟 dì in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 63. aba It is miswritten as qì in the Yùnjìng. 64. aa a The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 妻 qī here. b 65. aab It is written as 瞖 yì in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 66. a○b It is written as 㰥 huì in the Wángyùn. This sinogram is consistent with the Wángyī but does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables. It is written as xì in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 67. aba It is miswritten as chài in the Yùnjìng. 68. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn.

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69. abb In the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty other than the Yùnpǔ written by Xúkǎi, 芥 jiè is the first sinogram of the minor rhyme. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as the sinogram 犗 jiè according to the Guǎngyùn, and is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 70. ○ab It is written as 啐 cuì in the Yùnjìng, and it is categorized in division I of the rounded articulation. It is miswritten as 碎 suì in the Qīyīn lüè. 71. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, but in the Guǎngyùn, this sinogram is liaised as 犲 chái 夬 guài, and the SL final is rounded articulation. In the Jíyùn, this sinogram is liaised as 士 shì 邁 mài, which is more reasonable. 72. aab It is written as sài in the Qīyīn lüè, and the graphic form is slightly different. 73. ○ab It is written as hài in the Yùnjìng and as 叡 ruì in the Qīyīn lüè. The two graphic forms are both similar but erroneous; this sinogram should be written as 㕢 gài (according to the Guǎngyùn) or hài (according to the Jíyùn). It can be found in the Tángyùn but does not exist in the Wángyùn. The 14th table: The 蟹 xiè rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. abc It is written as néi, 捼 ruó, and néi, respectively, in the three books, as an allograph in the Wángyùn, and it is miswritten in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown in the Yùnjìng. 2. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 傀 kuǐ according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 3. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 嗺 zuī according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 4. aab It is miswritten as 榷 què in the Wángyùn, but it is not erroneous in the Qièsān or the Wángyī. 5. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 6. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 7. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 8. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 9. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 10. aab It is written as 𧟼 wēi in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 11. aba It is miswritten as 眭 suī in the Yùnjìng and 眭 suī is in the minor rhyme 攜 xié. 12. ○○a It is written as 顝 kuī in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. In the Jíyùn, this cell is occupied by 𩑡 kū. The graphic of this sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 13. abb It is written as 嶊 zuǐ in all the rhyme dictionaries, but only written as zhuì in the Wángyùn and the Jíyùn. 14. aab It is miswritten as 自崔 in the Qīyīn lüè.

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables 15.

16. 17.

18. 19.

20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

177

a ○○ (心) In the Wángyùn and the Wángyī, the sinogram 倄 yáo is liaised as ○ aa (喻 yù) 素 sù 罪 zuì, but liaised as 羽 yǔ罪 zuì in the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr, and the liaisers of the sinogram 倄 yáo in the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the later one. Lǐ Róng thinks that the sinogram should be homophonic to the minor rhyme 瘣 huì (Please see note 30 in page 26 of the Qièyùn yīnxì), so it should be categorized in division I of chóngniǔ doublets. It is not placed here in this book. abc It is written as 碨 wěi, 礧 lěi, and 磥 lěi, respectively, in the three books. In the Qièsān, it is written as 𥗼 lěi, and it is written as 磥 lěi in the Wángyùn, which might be a mistake. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 𩬳 zhuǐ. According to the 駭 hài rhyme, there are no sinograms in the rounded articulation. The 賄 huì rhyme in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn has 𩬳 zhuǐ, liaised as 陟 zhì 賄 huì. This sinogram is the chóngniǔ doublet of the sinogram 𦞙 huǐ. In the Yùnjìng, this sinogram is categorized as lingual articulation and is added here groundlessly, and the sinogram 駭 hài in the rhyme heading is also added groundlessly. abb This sinogram is written as 𨓆 tuì in the Wángyī and other rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. The sinogram 退 tuì is its vulgar form. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 鞼 guì, but its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn has 𩍾 guì, liaised as 曰 yuē 内 nèi, and the sinogram 曰 yuē might be the miswritten form of the sinogram 臼 jiù, so this pronunciation might be based on this liaison. abb It is written as 脺 suì in the Wángyùn, possibly because it is similar in the graphic form but is miswritten. The sinogram 脺 suì is in the 祭 jì rhyme of the minor rhyme 毳 cuì. It is written as 晬 zuì in all the rhyme dictionaries. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 啐 cuì according to the Jíyùn. aab It is written as wèi in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. aab It is written as 蘱 lèi in the Qīyīn lüè. aaa This sinogram is consistent in the three books but inconsistent with the rhythm dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. a○b It is omitted in the Yùnjìng and is miswritten as dài in the Qīyīn lüè. aba It is written as 怪 guài in the Yùnjìng. aa○ It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè, and it might have been mistakenly moved to the next line. Please see note 31. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𨮱 zhuì according to the Guǎngyùn. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. ○○a It is written as 瞶 kuì in the Qīyīn lüè, and this sinogram 瞶 kuì can be found in many rhymes like the 至 zhì rhyme and 隊 zhuì rhyme. However, it is not read as aan 疑 yí initials, and it might refer to the sinogram 聵 kuì of the 恠 guài rhyme, which was mistakenly moved from the preceding line. Please see note 27.

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Pan Wenguo

32. a ○ b (II) The left letter a represents 㯔 cuì, letter b represents 竁 cuì, and let○ c ○ (III) ter c represents 毳 cuì. The sinogram 㯔 cuì should be categorized in division II, but it was moved to division III in the Yùnjìng and written as 毳 cuì according to the Jíyùn. It is miswritten as 竁 cuì in the Qīyīn lüè. 33. ○○a The sinogram 毳 cuì is in division IV of the 祭 jì rhyme in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng and Sòng. It should have been categorized into the 16th table when it was merged into the rhyme tables. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is misplaced here. 34. ○○a It is written as 鎩 shāì in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is the recurrence of the sinogram in the 恠 guài rhyme of unrounded articulation here. 35. ○a○ It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 36. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 37. ○○a It is written as 揆 kuí in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Jíyùn has 䙆 kuì, liaised as 𦝢 kuí 桂 guì, and the graphic form of this sinogram was miswritten in the Qīyīn lüè when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 38. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 嘒 huì, which is consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 39. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 40. a○○ The Wángyùn has chuài, liaised as 倉 cāng 快 kuài, and it cannot be found in many rhyme dictionaries such as the Wáng’èr or Tángyùn. The 15th table: The 蟹 xiè rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. aba For this sinogram, both the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè are consistent with the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr. It is written as 䁲 mái in the Yùnjìng, which is consistent with the Tángyùn. 2. aab It is miswritten as 木义 in the Qīyīn lüè. 3. ○a○ It is written as 𠇗 kuā in the Yùnjìng. It does not exist in the Guǎngyùn, and it is in the rounded articulation of the minor rhyme 咼 guǎ. 4. aab It is miswritten as 崔 cuī in the Qīyīn lüè. 5. aa a The Wángyùn has another minor rhyme 諰 xǐ here. b 6. aab It is miswritten as xiā in the Qīyīn lüè. 7. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 廌 zhì according to the Guǎngyùn and Jíyùn. 8. abc It is written as 妳 nǐ, 嬭 nǎi, and nǎi, respectively, in the three books. 9. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 䒓 kǎi is regarded as having a rounded articulation. It is written as 楷 kǎi here, and it is the recurrence of the sinogram in the 駭 hài rhyme. 10. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn.

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

179

11. a○b It is written as 騃 sì in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is the recurrence of the sinogram in the 駭 hài rhyme. This sinogram can also be found in the Jíyùn, but it does not exist in the Yùnjìng and the Guǎngyùn. 12. a○○ This sinogram does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables but can be found in the Jǐngdé yùnlüè and the Jíyùn. 13. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 14. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 太 tài according to the Jíyùn. 15. aab It is miswritten as 太 tài in the Qīyīn lüè. 16. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 奈 nài, which is consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 17. aba It is miswritten as 蔡 cài in the Yùnjìng. 18. a○a This sinogram should be studied together with the table of rounded articulation, and it should be categorized as unrounded articulation according to the liaison of 賣 mài. In the Qīyīn lüè, it was preserved, and it is categorized unanimously as rounded articulation in the Yùnjìng. Please see note 18 in the 16th table. 19. ○○b The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 媞 tí according to the Jíyùn. 20. aba It is miswritten as yá in the Yùnjìng. 21. aba It is miswritten as 荖 lǎo in the Yùnjìng. 22. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 23. abb It is written as 弊 bì in the Wángyùn and the Wángyī, and it is written as 𡚁 bì in the two sets of rhyme tables, which is consistent with the Wáng’èr. 24. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is miswritten as yì in the Wángyùn. 25. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 26. ○a○ The sinogram 䋵 yì should be categorized in division III. In the Yùnjìng, it is mistakenly categorized into the 曉 xiǎo initials and recurs here. Please see note 60 in the 13th table. 27. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram 廢 fèi is the recurrence of rounded and unrounded articulations. 28. ○a○ It is written as 計 jì in the Yùnjìng, which is a mistake, and it is in the 霽 jì rhyme. The Jíyùn has 訐 jié, liaised as 九 jiǔ 刈 yì, and the sinogram is miswritten in the Yùnjìng when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 29. ○○ a (I) It is mistakenly categorized in division I in the Qīyīn lüè. aa ○ (III) The 16th table: The 蟹 xiè rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. ○aa It does not exist in the Wángyùn, and it is written as 喎 wāi in the two sets of rhyme tables, but its original source is unknown. In both the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr, it is written as 咼 wāi. 2. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Kānmiù bǔquē qièyùn in the Shíyùn huìbiān, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn.

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Pan Wenguo

3. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. and it is omitted in the Yùnjìng 4. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is miswritten as jiè. 5. ○○a It is written as 䒓 kǎi in the Qīyīn lüè, and this sinogram should be classified as unrounded articulation. Please see note 9 in the 15th table. 6. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 㢊 ǎi, and it is the recurrence of the minor rhyme 矮ǎi. 7. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 8. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 9. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 10. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 11. aa a The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme chuī here. b 12. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 13. aa a The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme wèi here. b 14. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 㦣 wèi according to the Jíyùn, but the liaison of the sinogram 㦣 wèi is in the Jíyùn, and it might be the chóngniǔ doublets of 會 kuài. 15. aab It is written as 派 pài in the Qīyīn lüè, and it must have been mistakenly brought into the Qīyīn lüè from the 滂 páng initials. Please see the following entry. 16. aab The sinogram 派 pài was mistakenly categorized into the 幫 bāng initials in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see the preceding entry. It is written as 𠂢 pài here according to the Jíyùn. 17. aba It is written as 稗 bài in the Yùnjìng, and the original source of this sinogram is unknown. 18. oao Please see note 18 in the 15th table. 19. aba It is written as 膪 chuài in the Yùnjìng according to the Guǎngyùn. 20. ○○ a (影 yǐng) The sinogram 諣 huà is in the 曉 xiǎo initials, and it is omitted a○○ (曉 xiǎo) in the Yùnjìng. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is mistakenly categorized into the 影 yǐng initials. 21. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 22. ○a○ It is written as 瀱 jì in the Yùnjìng, and it is in the minor rhyme 猘 zhì. The sinogram 瀱 jì might be a recurrence. The Jíyùn has 劂 jué, liaised as 九 jiǔ 芮 ruì, so this sinogram also might have mistakenly referred to the Jíyùn. 23. ab○ It is written as 膬 cuì in the Yùnjìng, but its original source is unknown. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 24. a○b It is omitted in the Yùnjìng, and it is miswritten as shuài in the Qīyīn lüè. 25. a○ a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 瞥 piē b here. 26. aba It is miswritten as 𠯈 dài in the Yùnjìng.

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables 27. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 28. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram

181

wèi according to the Jíyùn.

The 17th table: The 臻 zhēn rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

11. 12. 13.

14. 15. 16.

○○ a (曉 xiǎo) In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinograms in the 匣 xiá initials were misa a ○ (匣 xiá) takenly categorized into the 曉 xiǎo initials. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as zhēn according to the Guǎngyùn. In the Wángyùn, it is written as 榛 zhēn, which is consistent with the Qièsān and the Zhǐzhǎngtú. abc It is written as 斌 bīn, 彬 bīn, and 份 bīn, respectively, in the three books. In the Qièsān, it is written as 斌 bīn. The Yùnjìng referred to the Guǎngyùn, and the Qīyīn lüè referred to the Jíyùn. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is omitted in the Yùnjìng. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. abc It is written as 槿 jǐn, 𥎊 qín, and 墐 qín, respectively, in the three books. None of the rhyme dictionaries have a sinogram 槿 jǐn. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Guǎngyùn, and the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Yùnlüè. In the Qièsān, it is written as 㨷 jìn, and it is adopted in this recovered rhyme table. ○○a It is written as 趁 chèn in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Guǎngyùn and Jíyùn have 趣 qù, liaised as 渠 qú 人 rén, and this sinogram might have been miswritten in the Qīyīn lüè when it was taken from the previous liaison. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 辛 xīn according to the Jíyùn. It is written as 新 xīn in both the Zhǐzhǎngtú and the Qǐshùjué. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as the sinogram 𪔗 yuān according to the Guǎngyùn. ○aa In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 囩 yún, and it is the recurrence of the minor rhyme 筠 jūn of rounded articulation here. It is suitable to use the sinogram 礥 xín under the 匣 xiá initials here, and the sinogram 礥 xín is categorized in division IV. Its voiceless and voiced rhymes might be similar to the sinogram 雄 xióng of the 東 dōng rhyme. aaa This sinogram is written as 寅 yín in the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty, and the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 苓 líng according to the Jíyùn. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 人 rén according to the Jíyùn.

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Pan Wenguo

17. ○a○ It is written as 𩝗 yù in the Yùnjìng, and its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn has 𩑡 gěn, liaised as 其 qí 懇 kěn, and this sinogram might have been mistakenly taken from the Jíyùn. 18. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 䅰 ěn according to the Jíyùn. 19. abc It is written as 佷 hěn, 很 hěn, and 𪺼 chén, respectively, in the three books, and it is miswritten in the Qīyīn lüè. This sinogram is written as 佷 hěn in all the rhyme dictionaries. 20. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 臏 bìn according to the Jíyùn (it is in the 準 zhǔn rhyme in the Jíyùn.). 21. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram bǐn according to the Jíyùn (it is in the 準 zhǔn rhyme in the Jíyùn.). 22. abb According to the SL finals in the Wángyùn and the Guǎngyùn, this sinogram should be categorized as rounded articulation, but the two sets of rhyme tables categorized it unanimously as unrounded articulation, and in the Wángyùn, it is miswritten as mǐn. 23. abb It is miswritten as 汦 zhǐ in the Wángyùn. 24. ○ab It is miswritten as zhěn in the Yùnjìng, and it should be written as 屒 zhěn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, which also referred to the Jíyùn, it is written as 駗 zhěn. The liaisons of the two sinograms are different in the Jíyùn—駗 zhěn, liaised as 知 zhī 忍 rěn and 屒 zhěn, liaised as 展 zhǎn 引 yǐn—but they are both in the 準 zhǔn rhyme. According to the rules of adding sinograms in the rhyme tables, the Wǔyīn yùnjìng might have added the sinogram 屒 zhěn first, and then the Qīyīn lüè might have added the sinogram 駗 zhěn in division III and moved 屒 zhěn into division IV but deleted the sinogram due to its nonconformity with ménfǎ rules. 25. ○ab This sinogram should be written as 𢀿 jǐn, but it is miswritten as 卺 jǐn in the Yùnjìng, and it is miswritten as jǐn in the Qīyīn lüè. In the Qièyī, the Qièsān, and the Wángyī, this sinogram is in the 隱 yǐn rhyme of the minor rhyme 謹 jǐn, and it is in the 準 zhǔn rhyme in the Jíyùn. The sinogram here refers to the Jíyùn. 26. aa ○ (III) It is categorized in division IV in the Qīyīn lüè. ○○ a (IV) 27. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sonogram zhěn according to the Jíyùn (It is in the 準 zhǔn rhyme.). 28. ○aa The sinogram 齔 chèn is in the 隱 yǐn rhyme in all the rhyme dictionaries, and it was added here according to the Jíyùn (the sinogram 集 jí is in the 準 zhǔn rhyme). 29. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added the sinogram jìn according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. ○ aa (從) 30. It is liaised as 慈 cí 引 yǐn in all the rhyme dictionaries, and it should a ○○ (邪) be in the 從 cóng initials. 31. aaa The sinogram here is written as 矤 shěn and 哂 shěn in the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty.

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.

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○○a (影 yǐng) It is mistakenly categorized into the 影 yǐng initials in the Qīyīn a a ○ (喻 yù) lüè. oao It is written as 䘆 xiǎn in the Yùnjìng, and it is in the 隱 yǐn rhyme in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. ○ab It is written as 胗 zhēn in the Yùnjìng, but its original source is unknown. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 脪 xìn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, where the sinogram 脪 xìn is in the 準 zhǔn rhyme. ○ab It is written as 隕 yǔn in the Yùnjìng and as 愪 yún in the Qīyīn lüè. It should be in the rounded articulation, or it might be affected by the Yùnlüè if it is categorized as unrounded articulation. Please see note 28 in the 18th table. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 嶙 lín according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. It is written as 僯 lǐn in both the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 硍 yín according to the Jíyùn. a○b It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. In the Wángyùn, the sinogram is written as 饐 yì, and in the Wángyī, it is written as yìn, both of which are miswritten. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr; it does not exist in the Wángyùn. abc It is written as pìn, pìn, and pìn, respectively, in the three books. This note actually should be marked as aab, and this sinogram is miswritten in the Yùnjìng. ○○a It is written as pìn in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 愍 mǐn according to the Jíyùn (愍 mǐn is in the 稕 zhǔn rhyme). abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 疢 chèn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 㧆 jīn according to the Jíyùn (it is in the 稕 zhǔn rhyme in the Jíyùn). ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 呁 jùn. It can be found in the Wángyī, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added the sinogram 螼 qǐn according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. aab It is miswritten as yìn in the Qīyīn lüè. aba It is written as 櫬 chèn in the Yùnjìng which is consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn (it is in the 稕 zhǔn rhyme in the Jíyùn). The Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram shēn according to the Jíyùn ( shēn is in the 稕 zhǔn rhyme). ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 隱 yǐn according to the Jíyùn (隱 yǐn is in the 稕 zhǔn rhyme). a ○ b (Ⅲ) In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 衅 xìn. Its original ○ b ○ (Ⅳ) source is unknown, and it is categorized in division IV in the Yùnjìng.

184 53.

54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63.

64. 65.

66. 67.

Pan Wenguo ○○ b (Ⅲ) In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 酳 yìn, and it is in ab ○ (Ⅳ) division III in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 胤 yìn is the name of Emperor Tàizǔ of the Sòng dynasty. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is written as 𦙍 yìn, which lost one stroke. It is obvious that the sinogram in the original table that 𦙍 yìn referred to is 胤 yìn. abb It is written as 刄 rèn in all the rhyme dictionaries, but it is only written as 忍 rěn in the Wángyùn, which might be miswritten. ○a○ It is written as gé in the Yùnjìng, and it is in the minor rhyme gé in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. The Jíyùn has gé, liaised as 古 gǔ 紇 jié, and it might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has a sinogram 䅱 hùn, but its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn has 𤘑 gāi, which is similar to the form of 䅱 hùn, but because it is liaised as 五 wǔ 紇 jié, it should be in the 疑 yí initials. abb It is miswritten as hé in the Wángyùn, but it is correctly written in the Wángyī. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, the positions of the two sinograms are reversed, so it shows that the two sinograms are actually homonyms. bba In the Qīyīn lüè, the positions of the two sinograms are reversed, so it shows that the two sinograms are actually homonyms. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. aab It is miswritten as 秩 zhì in the Qīyīn lüè. ○a○ It is written as 姪 zhí in the Yùnjìng, and it is the recurrence of the minor rhyme 秩 zhì. ○ ab (Ⅲ) In division III in the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 暱 nì, ccd (Ⅳ) and it is miswritten as 䁥 nì in the Qīyīn lüè. In division IV, it is written as 昵 nì, and it is miswritten as 眤 nì in the Qīyīn lüè. They were categorized into the same minor rhyme in all the rhyme dictionaries and separated in the Jíyùn. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 佶 jí according to the Jíyùn (the sinogram 佶 jí is in the minor rhyme 姞 jí in the Guǎngyùn.). 佶 jí is the name of the Huīzōng emperor of the Sòng dynasty named 赵 zhào 佶 jí, and the Yùnjìng avoided using the name of the Zhézōng emperor but did not avoid using the name of the Huīzōng emperor. Zhang Linzhi proposed that the original name of the Yùnjìng is Yùnjiàn, so the existing Yùnjìng might have been finalized in the Sòng dynasty. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. abc It is written as 日兮 xī, 肸 xī, and 盻 xì in the three books, respectively. It is miswritten in the Wángyùn due to graphical similarity, and the Yùnjìng is consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn.

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68. ○aa The sinogram 䫻 yù is in both sets of rhyme tables, and it should be in the rounded articulation. Please see note 65 in the 18th table. 69. aba It is miswritten as the sinogram 月 yuè in the Yùnjìng. The 18th table: The 臻 zhēn rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

○aa The two sets of rhyme tables referred to the Jíyùn. aba It is miswritten as nén in the Yùnjìng. aab It is written as 昬 hūn in the Qīyīn lüè. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 䰟 hún according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 𥖀, but its original source is unknown. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 迍 zhūn, but its original source is unknown. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú and the Qǐshùjué, it is written as 屯 zhūn. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 麕 jūn, and it has no other references. It is written as 麏 jūn temporarily according to the two sets of rhyme tables. aab It is written as 鈞 jūn in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has a sinogram 憌 qióng, and in the Jíyùn, it is liaised as 旨 zhǐ 旬 xún. The liaisers might be erroneous. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 竣 jùn according to the Jíyùn. ○○a It is written as the sinogram 𢝺 dùn in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Jíyùn has 㡒 zhūn, liaised as 測 cè 倫 lún. The Qīyīn lüè mistakenly referred to the Jíyùn. aab It is written as 唇 chún in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The sinogram 唇 chún is in the minor rhyme 脣 chún. ○aa In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as the sinogram 媋 chūn according to the Jíyùn. ○a○ It is written as 奫 yūn in the Yùnjìng, and it recurs in the minor rhyme 贇 yūn. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 倫 lún according to the Jíyùn. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is written as lún. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is written as 羽本 in the Yùnjìng. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. It is miswritten as 糹怨 in the Qīyīn lüè. aba It is miswritten as 怨 yuàn in the Qīyīn lüè and the Wángyùn. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 蜳 dūn according to the Jíyùn. ○○ a (見) It is mixed into the second-voiced rhyme in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is in aa ○ (羣) the 羣 qún initials in all the rhyme dictionaries.

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23. abb In the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, it is written as 縻 mí. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 稛 kǔn according to the Jíyùn, and it is written as 𦃢 qǔn in the Guǎngyùn. The sinogram 稛 kǔn and the sinogram 𦃢 qǔn do not exist. 24. a○○ The Wángyùn has the sinogram 輑 qūn, but it does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables. 25. abb In the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, it is written as 准 zhǔn, and in the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 準 zhǔn. 26. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 蹲 cún according to the Jíyùn. 27. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 楯 shǔn according to the Jíyùn. 28. a○b It is written as 隕 yǔn in the Qīyīn lüè. According to its minor rhyme, it should be categorized as rounded articulation, but it is mistakenly categorized as unrounded articulation in the Yùnjìng. There are recurring rhymes of both rounded and unrounded articulations in the Qīyīn lüè (it is written as the sinogram 愪 yún in the unrounded articulation.). Please see note 9 in the 17th table. 29. ab○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is miswritten as rǔn in the Yùnjìng. 30. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 蝡 rú according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 蝡 rú is the chóngniǔ doublet of the sinogram rǔn, but there is no space for it. 31. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Wángyī and the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 32. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 𪑒 tùn according to the Jíyùn (it is in the 恨 hèn rhyme). 33. aab It is written as 嫩 nèn in the Qīyīn lüè, which is consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú and the Qǐshùjué, it is written as 嫰 nèn, which is consistent with the Wángyùn and the Yùnjìng. 34. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr; it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 35. ○ab This sinogram can be found in the Tángyùn; it does not exist in the Wángyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 惽 mǐn. 36. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as gùn. 37. abc It is written as jùn, 雋 jùn, and 俊 jùn, respectively, in the three books, and the Qīyīn lüè referred to the Jíyùn. The original source is unknown in the Yùnjìng. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is written as jùn, which is correct. In the Wángyùn, its graphic form is erroneous. 38. a ○○ (船 a chuán) The 船 chuán initials and the 常 cháng initials are inter○ aa (常 cháng) changed. According to the Guǎngyùn, it is liaised as 食 shí 閏 rùn, and it is in the 船 chuán initials. In the Jíyùn, it is liaised as 殊 shū 閏 rùn, and it is in the 常 cháng initials. The two sets of rhyme tables referred to the Jíyùn. 39. aab It is miswritten as 徇 xùn in the Qīyīn lüè. 40. ○○a It is written as 徇 xùn in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is the recurrence of the sinogram in the right cell in this location.

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41. a○○ This sinogram can be found in all the rhyme dictionaries. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it does not exist, and it should be added. 42. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 䪬 bó according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, and it is actually the sinogram 𥩾 bó. 43. aab It is written as 㪍 bó in the Qīyīn lüè. 44. ab○ It is written as 突 tū in the Wángyùn and as chū in the Yùnjìng, both of which are miswritten. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 45. aba It is miswritten as 突 tū in the Yùnjìng. 46. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 47. abb It is miswritten as wú in both sets of rhyme tables. 48. ab○ It is written as 搰 hú in the Yùnjìng. In the Wángyùn, it is written as 鶻 hú, which is consistent with the Wángyī, and 搰 hú was in the minor rhyme 麧 hé at that time. Since the Tángyùn, 鶻 hú was differentiated and was categorized into the minor rhyme 搰 hú. It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. In the Sìshēng děngzǐ, it is written as 鶻 hú. 49. abc It is written as 𤜲 bèi, 束犮, and 束犮, respectively, in the three books, and the graphic forms are slightly different. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is also written as 𤜲 bèi, and in the Sìshēng piānhǎi (四声篇海 A dictionary of sinograms with the combined indexes of radicals and rhymes), it is written as lú. The meanings of the sinogram 犬 quǎn and the sinogram 犮 quǎn are similar, this sinogram is under 來 lái rhyme, and it should have referred to the Yùnjìng. 50. aab It is miswritten as 巾出 in the Qīyīn lüè. 51. ○○a It is written as 崛 jué in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 52. ○○a It is written as 茁 zhuó in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 53. aab It is written as 述 shù in the Qīyīn lüè, and the sinogram 述 shù is in the minor rhyme 術 shù in all the rhyme dictionaries. The lingual and the dental are mixed. 54. a○○ The Wángyùn has the sinogram 茁 zhuó, but it does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables. 55. aba It is miswritten as 橘 jú in the Yùnjìng. 56. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 屈 qū according to the Jíyùn. 57. ab○ It is written as 𧽻 jú in the Wángyùn, and it is consistent in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as jú, and it does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. 58. caa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 59. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has a sinogram 欪 chù, which is erroneous. The sinogram 欪 chù is in the minor rhyme 黜 chù. The Jíyùn has 䪼 zhuō, liaised as 之 zhī 出 chū. Therefore, the sinogram in the Yùnjìng mistakenly referred to the Jíyùn. 60. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𪗨 chū according to the Jíyùn. However, the Jíyùn has 𪗨 chū, liaised as 測 cè 瑟 sè, and this sinogram should be categorized into the 櫛 zhì rhyme of unrounded articulation according to its liaison. 61. a○○ The Wángyùn has the sinogram 絀 chù, but it does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables. It also exists in the Jíyùn.

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Pan Wenguo

62. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 恤 xù, which referred to the Yùnlüè. 63. a○b It is written as 羽戎 in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Guǎngyùn, but miswritten as 䎉 xù. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 64. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 65. a○a This sinogram should be in the rounded articulation. In the Yùnjìng, it is in the unrounded articulation, and there are recurring rhymes of both rounded and unrounded articulations in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 68 in the 17th table. 66. aab It is written as 驈 yù in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. However, is is liaised as 户 hù 橘 jú, so the sinogram should be placed under the 匣 xiá initials. 67. ○○a It is written as 𣎛 jú in the Qīyīn lüè and its original source is unclear. The 19th table: The 臻 zhēn rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. a○○ The sinogram 齔 chèn should be placed here according to the rhyme dictionaries, but it is categorized into the 軫 zhěn rhyme in both sets of rhyme tables 2. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 䘆 xiǎn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 3. aba It is miswritten as 斳 jǐn in the Yùnjìng. 4. abb It is written as 垽 yìn in all the rhyme dictionaries, and it was only written as 沂 yí in the Wángyùn, which might be erroneous. 5. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 㒚 yìn according to the Guǎngyùn, and in the Qǐshùjué, it is written as 傿 yìn, which is consistent with the Wángyùn. 6. a○○ The Wángyùn has the minor rhyme 圪 gē. The 20th table: The 臻 zhēn rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. aba It is written as 群 qún in the Yùnjìng. 2. ○aa In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as the sinogram 攟 jùn according to the Jíyùn. 3. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 4. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 5. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 攗 méi according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. In the Qǐshùjué, it is written as 捃 jùn, which is consistent with the Wángyùn. 6. abc It is written as 孒 jué, , and 亥 hài, respectively, in the three books. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Qièsān, the Wáng’èr, and the Tángyùn, and it is miswritten in the Qīyīn lüè. 7. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn.

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8. abc It is written as 𩗛 hū, 𩖨 hū, and 䬍 hū, respectively, in the three books. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Qièsān and the Tángyùn; the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Wáng’èr, the Guǎngyùn, and the Jíyùn; and the Yùnjìng is consistent with the Shuōwén. The 21st table: The 山 shān rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. aab It is written as 㣶 zhān in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 2. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as dān in the Qīyīn lüè. 3. aab It is written as 間 jiān in the Qīyīn lüè. 4. aab It is written as 掔 qiān in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 5. abb It is written as 犭間 in the Wángyùn, which is inconsistent with other rhyme dictionaries. 6. aab It is miswritten as 彳單 in the Qīyīn lüè, and the sinogram should be in division III. a ○○ (Ⅰ) 7. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is in division II, but it should be in ○ aa (Ⅱ) division I according to the sinogram’s form. The division-II rhyme is likely another version of the liaison according to the Guǎngyùn. 8. aba It is written as 犍 jiān in the Yùnjìng. 9. aba It is written as 楩 pián in the Yùnjìng. 10. aab It is written as 緜 mián in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. aa ○ (Ⅲ) 11. The rhymes in division III can be found in note 11 in the 23rd table. ○ aa (Ⅳ) This sinogram recurs in division III and division IV in the Yùnjìng. In the Qīyīn lüè, it can only be found in division IV. 12. ○aa In the two sets of rhyme tables, the sinogram 版 bǎn of the 潸 shān rhyme recurs. It shows that the two rhymes are mixed, and the next two entries are the same. Please see note 60 in the 13th table. 13. ○ab In the two sets of rhyme tables, the sinogram 眅 pān of 潸 shān rhyme recurs. Please see the 24th table. In the Yùnjìng, it is miswritten as 昄 bǎn. 14. ○a○ The sinogram 阪 bǎn of the 潸 shān rhyme recurs in the Yùnjìng. Please see the 24th table. 15. aab In the Sìbù bèiyào version of the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 齦 yín, and it is in the 溪 xī initials. The sinogram 齦 yín might have been mistakenly moved here from the left cell. The Wànyǒu wénkù has corrected it. 16. aba It is written as 齦 yín in the Yùnjìng according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. In the Sìbù bèiyào version of the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 艮 gěn. It shows that it was originally supposed to be written as 齦 yín. The version of the Wànyǒu wénkù altered it into 齦 yín. 17. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 冕 miǎn according to the Jíyùn.

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18. ○○a It is written as 日展 in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Jíyùn has 𠹖 chǎn, liaised as 丑 chǒu 幰 xiǎn. The Qīyīn lüè mistakenly refers to the Jíyùn. 19. abc It is written as 湕 jiǎn, 揵 jiǎn, and 犍 jiān, respectively, in the three books. The first sinogram of the minor rhyme is 湕 jiǎn in all the rhyme dictionaries. 20. abc It is written as 𧥜 yǎn, yǎn, and 言 yán, respectively, in the three books. In the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, it is written as 𧥛 qiǎn. The 范 fàn rhyme in the Jíyùn has 凵 qiǎn, liaised as 口 kǒu 犯 fàn, and 冂 jiǒng, liaised as 五 wǔ 范 fàn. Therefore, the sinogram should refer to the Wángyùn. 21. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 𧥛 qiǎn. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 言 yán. The Wángyùn refers to the preceding entry. 22. aba It is written as 堰 yàn in the Yùnjìng, but its original source is unknown. 23. ○○a It is written as 扁 biǎn in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Jíyùn has 萹 biǎn, liaised as 匹 pǐ 善 shàn, and this sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 24. ○a○ It is written as 蹇 jiǎn in the Yùnjìng and it is the recurrence of the division-III sinograms here. Please see note 37 of the 23rd table. 25. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 翦 jiǎn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. This sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. 26. aab It is written as 繕 shàn in the Qīyīn lüè. 27. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 28. aba It is miswritten as 盻 xì in the Yùnjìng. 29. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 瓣 bàn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. This sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. 30. aab It is miswritten as 蕳 jiān in the Qīyīn lüè. 31. aba It is miswritten as 祖 zǔ in the Yùnjìng. 32. abc It is written as 襇 jiǎn, 橺 jian, and 澗 jiàn, respectively, in the three books. It is miswritten in the Yùnjìng and its original source is unknown in the Qīyīn lüè. 33. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𤜵 yàn according to the Jíyùn. 34. a○a It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. 35. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 帴 jiǎn according to the Jíyùn, and it is liaised as 山 shān 箭 jiàn. This sinogram belongs to the division-II sinograms of the 線 xiàn rhyme. 36. aba It is written as 襴 lán in the Yùnjìng. 37. ○○a It is written as 鬳 yàn in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn has 騫 qiān, liaised as 祛 qū 建 jiàn, and this sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 38. a○b It is written as 甗 yǎn in the Wángyùn. It is written as 觚 gū in the Qīyīn lüè, but it is written as 瓜 guā in all the rhyme dictionaries. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng.

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39. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 獻 xiàn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. The sinogram in the Yùnjìng is consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. 40. ○aa It is written as 編 biān in the two sets of rhyme tables, and it is actually the recurrence of the 霰 xiàn rhyme here. The Guǎngyùn has this minor rhyme, and its SL final 見 jiàn is put in the 霰 xiàn rhyme. Please see note 72 of the 23rd table. 41. aab It is miswritten as 騗 piàn in the Qīyīn lüè. 42. ○a○ It is written as 巘 yǎn in the Yùnjìng and should be put in the rising tone. The original source is unknown here. 43. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 44. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It was mistakenly moved to the 黠 xiá rhyme in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 91 of the 23rd table. 45. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 46. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. c aab 47. It is written as 鴰 guā in the Qīyīn lüè, which belongs to the minor rhyme d 刮 guā in the rounded articulation. This location in the Wángyùn also has the sinograms 鵝 é and 褐 hè in the minor rhyme 雨 yǔ. a 48. ba It is written as 裼 xī in the Yùnjìng, which might be the miswritten c form of the sinogram 楬 jié. In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram 𥴭 qià is put in the next line. Please see note 56. The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 䔾 qì here. 49. ab○ It is written as 聐 yà in the Yùnjìng. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. It is written as 齾 yà in the zhǐzhǎngtú. ○ a ○ (莊 zℎuāng) 50. They are written as 𨰉 zhá in the Yùnjìng. They are miswrit○○ a (牀 zℎuāng) ten as 䥷 zhá in the Qīyīn lüè, but according to their liaisons, they should be in the 牀 chuáng initials. 51. ○aa It is written as 殺 shā in the two sets of rhyme tables, which belong to the 黠 xiá rhyme in all the rhyme dictionaries. It is a recurrence of the sinogram there. 52. aab It is written as 轏 zhàn in the Qīyīn lüè. 53. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 54. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 55. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 𩭿 rè added according to the Guǎngyùn. This sinogram should be put in division III. 56. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 𥴭 qià, and it was mistakenly moved from the preceding line. Please see note 48. 57. aba It is written as 竭 jié in the Yùnjìng, but its original source is unknown.

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58. a○b It is written as 䡾 niè in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī. It was moved into the 曷 hé rhyme in both the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. The Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 59. a○○ This sinogram is omitted in the two sets of rhyme tables, but it exists in the Zhǐzhǎngtú. 60. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 61. aba It is miswritten as 瞥 piē in the Yùnjìng. 62. aba It is written as 蹩 bié in the Yùnjìng, and it is a recurring sinogram of the 屑 xiè rhyme there. 63. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 蠽 jié according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. This sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. 64. ○ab It is written as 𥨸 qiè in the Yùnjìng, and it is the recurring sinogram of the 屑 xiè rhyme. The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 詧 chá according to the Jíyùn. 65. abb It is written as 𦵮 xuē in the Wángyùn, the Wángyī, the Wáng’èr, and the Tángyùn. Only in the Qiēsān is it correct. 66. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 焆 yè, and it is the recurrence of the sinogram in division III here. 67. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 68. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has 列 liè and it is the recurrence of the sinogram in division III. 69. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 熱 rè, and it is the recurrence of the sinogram in division III here. The 22nd table: The 山 shān rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. abb It is originally written as 穵 wā in the Wángyùn, which is erroneous. 2. abb It is written as 鱞 guān in the Wángyùn. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Qiēsān. 3. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 𡰝 quán in the Qīyīn lüè. 4. abb It was originally written as 嫚 màn in the Wángyùn, which is erroneous. 5. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 6. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 𡰠 luán in the Qīyīn lüè. 7. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 藩 fān according to the Jíyùn. 8. aba In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 翻 fān according to the Jíyùn. 9. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 㨺 miǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. 10. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 11. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram is liaised as 丁 dīng 全 quán. It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè and is miswritten as 𡰝 quán.

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12. ○○ a (莊 zℎuāng) The two sets of rhyme tables have the sinogram 恮 quān. It ○ a ○ (初 cℎū) was mistakenly moved into the 初 chū initials according to the Guǎngyùn, the Jíyùn, and the Yùnjìng. 13. aba It is written as 㳂 yán in the Yùnjìng. 14. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 軬 fàn, consistent with the Wángyī. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 飯 fàn, consistent with the Qiēsān. 15. ○ab It is written as 卷 juǎn in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram 卷 juǎn belongs to the 獼 mí rhyme in all the rhyme dictionaries. The Jíyùn has 輋 shē, liaised as 九 jiǔ 遠 yuǎn, and the sinogram 卷 juǎn in the minor rhyme might be based on the Jíyùn. It is written as 孌 luán in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 16. ○○a It is written as 琄 xuàn in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. According to the Xīnhànhé dàzìdiǎn (新漢和大字典 the new Japanese– Chinese character dictionary), this sinogram is liaised as 古 gǔ 泫 xuàn in the Jíyùn, but this liaison is not found in the extant version of the Jíyùn. 17. aba It is miswritten as juǎn in the Yùnjìng. 18. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè has 𧂍 zhuàn, but its original source is unknown. 19. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè has 𧾣 zhuàn, but its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn has 藑 qióng, liaised as 詳 xiáng 兖 yǎn, and this sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Qīyīn lüè. 20. ○a○ It is the recurrence of the division-III 輭 ruǎn sinogram in the Yùnjìng. 21. abb It is the same as note 2. 22. abc It is written as 㛯 miǎn, 嬎 fàn, and 娩 miǎn, respectively, in the three books. It is written as 㛯 miǎn in the Wángyī and 嬎 fàn in the Wáng’èr. It should be written as 嬎 fàn. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè was taken from the Jíyùn. 23. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 飯 fàn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 24. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 萬 wàn according to the Jíyùn. 25. abb It is written as 𢍶 juàn in the Wángyùn, which is erroneous. 26. abb It is miswritten as 劵 juàn in the two sets of rhyme tables. 27. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 圈 juàn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 28. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it was deleted in the Yùnjìng. 29. ○○a It is written as in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Jíyùn has quàn, liaised as 芻 chú 萬 wàn. It should be placed in division II. 30. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 31. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 泉 quán according to the Jíyùn. 32. a○a It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. 33. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 旋 xuán, which was taken from the Yùnlüè.

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34. aaa This sinogram in the two sets of rhyme tables is inconsistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. 35. aba It is miswritten as 䫎 zhuō in the Yùnjìng. 36. ○aa In the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 茁 zhuó recurs in the 21st and 24th table. Therefore, the 黠 xiá rhyme in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn added the minor rhyme. Now, the sinogram 茁 zhuó in the 薛 xuē rhyme is moved into the 24th table. The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn here. 37. ○aa In the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 刷 shuā recurs in the 22nd and the 24th tables, and the 鎋 xiá rhyme in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn added the minor rhyme 刷 shuā. Now, the sinogram 刷 shuā in the 薛 xuē rhyme is moved into the 24th table. It is written as 㕞 shuā according to the Wángyùn and the Guǎngyùn. The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn here. Notes 36 and 37 reflect the confusion of the 山 shān rhyme gathering in the process of merging rhyme tables. 38. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 爡 chè according to the Jíyùn. 39. aba It is miswritten as 𦪘 jué in the Yùnjìng. 40. aba It is miswritten as jué in the Yùnjìng. 41. abb It is written as 乴 xué in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī. In the two sets of rhyme tables, the sinogram is consistent with the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. a 42. aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 噦 yuě here. b 43. aab It is miswritten as 䬄 xù in the Qīyīn lüè. 44. ○a○In the Yùnjìng, it is the recurrence of the division-III 𥄎 xuè sinogram and it is miswritten as . 45. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is the recurrence of the division-III劣 liè rhyme. The 23rd table: The 山 shān rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. a○○ According to the liaison in the Wángyùn, the sinogram should be categorized as unrounded articulation, but in the two sets of rhyme tables, it is categorized as rounded articulation. 2. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 灘 tān according to Guǎngyùn. 3. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 4. abc It is written as 飡 cān in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Qiēsān. This sinogram in the two sets of rhyme tables was taken from the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 5. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 戔 jiān according to the Jíyùn. 6. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as the sinogram 珊 shān, consistent with the Yùnlüè. 7. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as the sinogram 闌 lán according to the Jíyùn. a 8. aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 㨜 qián here. b

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9. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 10. aab It is miswritten as the sinogram 䀽 yán in the Qīyīn lüè. 11. aa○ In the Qīyīn lüè, this sinogram can only be found in division IV. Please see note 11 of the 21st table. 12. abb It is written as 𠃵 gān in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty and it is written as 乾 qián in the two sets of rhyme tables. 13. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 妍 yán. It is the recurring sinogram of the 先 xiān rhyme here moved from the next line. 14. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 饘 zhān according to the Jíyùn. 15. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 16. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 17. ○aa According to the liaison in the Wángyùn, this sinogram should be categorized as rounded articulation. It is categorized as unrounded articulation in the Qīyīn lüè. There are recurring rhymes of both rounded and unrounded articulations in the Yùnjìng. Please see note 19 of the 24th table. 18. aba The sinogram 妍 yán in the Yùnjìng was mistakenly moved into the above cell. Please see note 13. The sinogram 研 yán was added here. 19. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 箋 jiān according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 20. abb It is written as 𠝣 jiǎn in the Wángyùn. In the two sets of rhyme tables, the sinogram is consistent with the Qiēsān. 21. a○○ According to the liaison in the Wángyùn, this sinogram should be categorized as unrounded articulation, but in the two sets of rhyme tables, it is categorized as rounded articulation. 22. a○○ According to the liaison in the Wángyùn, this sinogram should be categorized as unrounded articulation, but in the two sets of rhyme tables, it is categorized as rounded articulation. 23. aab It is miswritten as 灘 tān in the Qīyīn lüè. 24. abb It is written as 偘 kǎn in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Qiēsān. 25. ○○a It is written as 𨛎 hàn in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 26. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 27. aba It is written as 繖 sǎn in the Yùnjìng. 28. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 侒 ān according to the Jíyùn. In the Jíyùn, this sinogram is put in the 緩 huǎn rhyme. 29. aab It is written as 爛 làn in the Qīyīn lüè. 30. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 31. aab It is written as 澘 shān in the Qīyīn lüè. a 32. ○ a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 莧 b xiàn here. 33. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn.

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34. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 辨 biàn according to the Jíyùn. 35. abb It is written as 䥀 chǎn in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Qiēsān. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wángyī. 36. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. a 37. aa In the Yùnjìng, this sinogram recurs in division III. Please see note 24 of b the 21st table. The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 𢵈 jiǎn here. 38. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𦅋 qiǎn according to the Jíyùn. 39. abb It is written as 𪙞 chǎn in the Wángyùn, which is erroneous. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Qiēsān. 40. aab It is miswritten as 𪱋 shàn in the Qīyīn lüè. aa ○ (影 yǐng) 41. This sinogram is mistakenly categorized into the 匣 xiá initials ○○ a (匣 xiá) in the Qīyīn lüè. 42. aab It is written as rǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. 43. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 44. aba It is written as 辯 biàn in the Yùnjìng. It is obvious that this sinogram is mixed with the sinograms in the 獼 xiǎn rhyme of the preceding line due to the homophonic relationship. 45. abc It is written as 㨠 mì, miǎn, and 丏 miǎn, respectively, in the three books. The Qīyīn lüè referred to the Jíyùn. The sinogram miǎn may be erroneous. 46. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 47. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 48. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 戬 jiǎn. It is the recurrence of the sinogram in the minor rhyme 翦 jiǎn of the 獮 xiǎn rhyme here. 49. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 現 xiàn according to the Jíyùn. 50. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 難 nàn according to the Yùnlüè. In the Jíyùn, this sinogram is also the first sinogram of the minor rhyme, but belongs to the 換 huàn rhyme. 51. abc It is written as 旰 gàn, 肝 gān, and 盰 gàn, respectively, in the three books. It is written as 旰 gàn in all the rhyme dictionaries. In the Qīyīn lüè, its original source is unknown and in the Yùnjìng, it is miswritten. 52. abb It is written as 偘 kǎn in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Tángyùn. When referring to this entry, note 24 should also be considered, and they show that this rhyme table was not taken from the Wángyùn. 53. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 贊 zàn according to the Guǎngyùn. 54. aba It is miswritten as càn in the Yùnjìng. 55. aba It is written as 散 sàn in the Yùnjìng, consistent with the Yùnlüè. 56. aba It is miswritten as 桉 ān in the Yùnjìng.

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57. a○a According to the liaison in the Wángyùn, the sinogram 慢 màn should be categorized as unrounded articulation, but in the two sets of rhyme tables, it is categorized as rounded articulation. Furthermore, there are recurring rhymes of unrounded articulations in the Qīyīn lüè. 58. ○○a It is written as the sinogram 娨 xiàn in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 59. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 60. abc It is written as 䗃 zhàn, 輚 zhàn, and 棧 zhàn, respectively, in the three books. The rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty are consistent with the Wángyùn. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Guǎngyùn. The Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Jíyùn. a 61. aa The Wángyùn still the minor rhyme 𪭪 zhā here. b a 62. aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 娨 xiàn here. b 63. ○○○ According to the liaison in the Wángyùn, the sinogram 變 biàn should be categorized as rounded articulation, which is consistent with the two sets of rhyme tables. Here in this table, all the labials are categorized as unrounded articulation, following the categorization pattern of the 仙 xiān rhyme. 64. ○○a In the Wángyùn and the Yùnjìng, it is categorized as rounded articulation. In the Qīyīn lüè, it has been recategorized as unrounded articulation. Here it is categorized according to the Qīyīn lüè. 65. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 66. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 67. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𠋵 qiǎn according to the Jíyùn. 68. aab It is miswritten as qiàn in the Qīyīn lüè. 69. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 羡 xiàn. It is the recurrence of the minor rhyme 衍 yǎn. Please see the 21st table. 70. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 71. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 綖 yán, but its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn still has the minor rhyme 軔 rèn here, and it includes the sinogram 繎 rán. This sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 72. ab○ It is written as 遍 biàn in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. It is written as 徧 biàn in the Yùnjìng, consistent with the Tángyùn. The sinogram 徧 biàn in all the rhyme dictionaries is put in the 霰 xiàn rhyme. Only in the Guǎngyùn is it categorized into the 線 xiàn rhyme, but the SL final 見 jiàn is still put in the 霰 xiàn rhyme. Please see note 40 of the 21st table. 73. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables have the sinogram 辨 biàn and this sinogram might be a miswritten form of the sinogram 㵷 biàn. The Jíyùn has 㵷 biàn, liaised as 玭 pín miǎn. 74. aba It is written as 麵 miàn in the Yùnjìng, consistent with the Wángyī and the Tángyùn. It is written as 麪 miàn in the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè, consistent

198

75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91.

92.

Pan Wenguo with the Wáng’èr. It is also written as 麪 miàn in the Qǐshùjué. Now this sinogram is taken from the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè. aab It is miswritten as 睍 xiàn in the Qīyīn lüè. (This sinogram is correct in the Sìbù bèiyào version) a aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme qiàn here. b abb It is written as 廌 zhì in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wáng’èr. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Tángyùn. abb It is written as 𡩷 yàn in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 宴 yàn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 見 jiàn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. ab○ According to the SL final in the Wángyùn, the sinogram 末 mò is categorized as unrounded articulation. The Yùnjìng categorized it as rounded articulation and added the sinogram 䔾 è in the unrounded articulation according to the Guǎngyùn. aba It is miswritten as nà in the Yùnjìng. abb It is written as 𡺰 niè in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. a○b It is written as 囋 zá in the Qīyīn lüè. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. aba It is written as 巀 jié in the Yùnjìng, consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. abb This note is the same as note 82. abb It is written as 褐 hè in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī, the Wáng’èr, and the Qiēsān. In the two sets of rhyme tables, this sinogram is consistent with the presentation in the Tángyùn. aab It is miswritten as 刺 cì in the Qīyīn lüè. (This sinogram is correct in the Sìbù bèiyào version.) ○a○ The sinogram 八 bā is a recurrence of the rounded and unrounded articulations in the Yùnjìng, and it is deleted now. ○a○ The sinogram 拔 bá is a recurrence of the rounded and unrounded articulations in the Yùnjìng, and it is deleted now. ○ab The sinogram 㑻 mà is a recurrence of the rounded and unrounded articulations in the Yùnjìng. It is categorized as rounded articulation in the Qīyīn lüè, and the sinogram 𥗥 mà is added in the unrounded articulation. ○ab It is written as 呾 dàn in the Yùnjìng, but it is written as 哳 zhā in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 哳 zhā in the Yùnjìng belongs to the 鎋 xiá rhyme. Please see note 44 of the 21st table. The sinogram 呾 dàn in the Yùnjìng is liaised as 瞠 chēng 軋 zhá in the Jíyùn and should be placed in the 透 tòu initials. Please see the following entry. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 呾 dàn according to the Jíyùn. In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram is misplaced in the 端 duān initials. Please see the preceding entry.

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93. ○ab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 噠 dā according to the Jíyùn, and in the Yùnjìng, it is written as dā. 94. abb It is written as chà in the Wángyùn, but it should be written as 䶪 chà. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 察 chá according to the Jíyùn. The division-II sinogram 㔍 zhá in the 薛 xuē rhyme should be put here, but the sinogram 䶪 chà occupies this cell. Therefore, it was moved into the 24th table in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 74 in this table. 95. a a ○ (黠 xiá) The Wángyùn has two minor rhymes here: 殺 shā in the 黠 b ○ b (薛 xuē) xiá rhyme and 榝 shā in the 薛 xuē rhyme. The two sinograms are used in the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè, respectively. The sinogram 榝 shā should be moved to the 21st table. a 96. aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 穵 wā here. b 97. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 傄 xiā, and it is the recurrence of both rounded and unrounded articulations. 98. ab○ It is written as 鼈 biē in the Yùnjìng, but it is actually the recurrence of the minor rhyme 鷩 bì in division IV here. 99. abc In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 徹 chè, consistent with the Yùnlüè, while it is written as 𢕿 chè in the Yùnjìng. 100. abc It is written as zhé, zhé, and 辙 zhé, respectively, in the three books. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Wáng’èr, and the Wángyùn is consistent with the Qiēsān and the Tángyùn. This sinogram should be written as 轍 zhé according to the Qīyīn lüè. 101. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added the sinogram 揭 jiē according to the Jíyùn. 102. abc It is written as 晢 zhé, 折 zhé, and 浙 zhè, respectively, in the three books. The Qīyīn lüè version was taken from the Jíyùn. It is written as 晢 zhé in the Zhǐzhǎngtú, consistent with the Wángyùn. The original source is unknown in the Yùnjìng. 103. a○a The position of the sinogram 㔍 zhá is occupied by the sinogram 䶪 chà, so this sinogram was not added to the Yùnjìng, and it was moved to rounded articulation in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 94. 104. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 105. a○a There is still the sinogram 榝 shā in the 薛 xuē rhyme. Please see note 95. 106. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 107. aba It is written as 烈 liè in the Yùnjìng. 108. aba It is written as 鷩 bì in the Yùnjìng, which may have been mistakenly moved from the 薛 xuē rhyme. 109. abc It is written as 撇 piě, 瞥 piē, and 嫳 piè, respectively, in the three books. It is written as 撇 piě in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. It was mistakenly moved here from the 薛 xuē rhyme.

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110. 111. 112. 113.

aba It is written as 鐡 tiě in the Yùnjìng, and the graphic form is different. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 湼 niè according to the Jíyùn. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. abc It is written as 截 jié, 𢧵 jié and 擮 jié, respectively, in the three books. The first two sinograms are indeed the same. 114. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè.

The 24th table: The 山 shān rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. ○aa In the Wángyùn, it is categorized as unrounded articulation. 2. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 耑 duān according to the Jíyùn. 3. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 渜 nuán according to the Jíyùn. (It is written as nuán in the Wànyǒu wénkù). 4. ○○a It is written as chuán in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 5. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 鸞 luán according to the Jíyùn. 6. abb It is written as 斑 bān in the Wángyùn, inconsistent with other rhyme dictionaries. 7. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè has 朌 bān, which is erroneous. The sinogram 朌 bān is put in the minor rhyme 班 bān. The Jíyùn has 𤖭 pán, liaised as 步 bù 還 huán, which may be taken from here. 8. abb It is miswritten as in the Wángyùn, but it is correct in the Qiēsān. 9. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram shuān according to the Jíyùn. This sinogram is in the same position as the division-II sinogram 栓 shuān in the 仙 xiān rhyme, so the sinogram 栓 shuān in the two sets of rhyme tables was put into the 22nd rhyme table. This arrangement causes inconsistency with regard to the position of the division-II sinograms in the 仙 xiān initials. 10. a○○ The Wángyùn has the sinogram 豩 huān, but it does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables. 11. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𢦈 mán according to the Jíyùn. 12. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 13. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 14. aba It is written as 棬 quān in the Yùnjìng, which belongs to the minor rhyme 弮 quān. 15. aba It is written as 舩 chuán in the Yùnjìng. 16. aoa It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 17. ○a○ It is written as 嬛 huán in the Yùnjìng, and it is the recurring sinogram of the minor rhyme 翾 xuān here. Please see the 22nd table. 18. abb It is written as 壖 ruán in the Wángyùn. In the two sets of rhyme tables, this sinogram is written as 堧 ruán according to the Guǎngyùn, but it is written as 𡑂 ruán in the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. 19. aa○ The sinogram of 边 biān is the recurrence of both rounded and unrounded articulations in the Yùnjìng. Please see note 17 of the 23rd table. 20. aab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 袀 jūn in the Qīyīn lüè. It is a division-II sinogram in the 先 xiān rhyme.

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21. aba It is written as 儇 xuān in the Yùnjìng and belongs to the minor rhyme 翾 xuān of the 仙 xiān rhyme. 22. aab It is miswritten as 叛 pàn in the Qīyīn lüè. 23. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 24. ○aa In the Wángyùn, this sinogram is in the unrounded articulation according to its SL final. Please see note 21 of the previous rhyme table. 25. ○aa In the Wángyùn, this sinogram belongs to the unrounded articulation according to its SL final. Please see note 22 of the previous table. 26. aba It is written as 暖 nuǎn in the Yùnjìng. 27. aab It is written as 𣢾 kuǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. (It is correct in the Wànyǒu wénkù version.) 28. ○ab In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 輐 yuǎn according to the Jíyùn, but it is miswritten as 䡇 yuè in the Qīyīn lüè, and the sinogram 䡇 yuè belongs to the 月 yuè rhyme. 29. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 㦌 hū according to the Jíyùn. 30. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 鄼 zàn in the Yùnjìng, which is in the minor rhyme 纂 zuǎn. 31. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 𤀣 huǎn according to the Jíyùn. 32. aba It is miswritten as 邜 xī in the Yùnjìng. 33. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 版 bǎn according to the Jíyùn. 34. ○ab In the Yùnjìng, it is written as chǎn. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 㦃 chǎn, which should be put in the 産 chǎn rhyme. 35. aab It is written as 皖 wǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. 36. ○○a It is written as 𣈬 huì in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Jíyùn has tuán, liaised as 敕 chì zhuǎn. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè was taken from the Jíyùn. 37. ○○a It is written as 腝 ruǎn in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Jíyùn has 腝 ruǎn, liaised as 女 nǚ 軟 ruǎn. This sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken by the Qīyīn lüè. 38. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 蟤 zhuān. In the Jíyùn, it is liaised as 苗 miáo 撰 zhuàn, and the SL final is erroneous. It is liaised as 茁 zhuó 撰 zhuàn in the Jíyùn of the Shùgǔtáng version. 39. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 䍻 xuàn, and this sinogram belongs to the minor rhyme 𦌔 xuǎn in the Jíyùn. This sinogram is liaised as 式 shì 撰 zhuàn and it should be put in division III. 40. ○ a ○ (書 shū) In the Yùnjìng, the 書 shū and 常 cháng initials are mixed. a ○ a (常 cháng) According to the liaison, it should belong to the 常 cháng initials. 41. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added the sinogram 宛 wǎn according to the Jíyùn. 42. abc It is written as 輭 ruǎn, 腝 ruǎn, and 臑 nào, respectively, in the three books. It recurs in division IV and it is written as 輭 ruǎn in the Yùnjìng. Please see note 20 of the 22nd table. Therefore, this sinogram should be written as 輭 ruǎn. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is also written as 輭 ruǎn.

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Pan Wenguo

43. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added the sinogram 旋 xuàn according to the Jíyùn. 44. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added the sinogram 蜎 yuān according to the Jíyùn. 45. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 畔 pàn according to the Jíyùn. 46. aab It is written as 謾 màn in the Qīyīn lüè. 47. aab It is miswritten as kuǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. 48. aab It is written as 算 suàn in the Qīyīn lüè. 49. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram bàn, but its original source is unknown. 50. ○aa According to the SL final in the Wángyùn, this sinogram is categorized as unrounded articulation. Please see note 57 of the previous table. 51. ○aa In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as the sinogram 䟒 quán according to the Jíyùn. The Jíyùn has 䟒 quán, liaised as 來 lái 患 huàn, and the sinogram 來 lái is the miswritten form of the sinogram 求 qiú. It is correct in the Jíyùn of the Shùgǔtáng version. 52. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 53. aaa The sinogram of 變 biàn is moved into unrounded articulation now. Please see note 63 of the 23rd table. 54. aa○ The sinogram 卡 qiǎ is categorized as unrounded articulation in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is put in the unrounded articulation unanimously now. Please see note 64 of the 23rd table. 55. abc It is written as 猭 chuàn, 掾 yuàn, and 𢐄 yuàn, respectively, in the three books. The latter two sinograms both belong to the 喻 yù initials, and this sinogram is misplaced in both sets of rhyme tables. 56. abc It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng and it is miswritten as in the Qīyīn lüè. (This sinogram is correct in the Sìbù bèiyào version.) 57. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 恮 zhuān according to the Jíyùn. ○○ a (船 chuán) 58. According to its liaison, it should belong to the 常 cháng iniaa○ (常 cháng) tials, but the Qīyīn lüè mistakenly categorizes this sinogram into other initials. 59. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𦁆 shuàn, but its original source is unknown. The Jíyùn has 縳 shuàn, liaised as 外 wài 絹 juàn, and in this location in the Shùgǔtáng version, it is liaised as 升 shēng 絹 juàn. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 60. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 綻 zhàn according to the Jíyùn, but it is liaised as 治 zhì 見 jiàn according to its SL final. It should be categorized as unrounded articulation. 61. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𩢺 xuān according to the Jíyùn. ○ a ○ (Ⅲ) 62. It is a dislocated sinogram, and it was mistakenly moved to the prea ○ a (Ⅳ) ceding line in the Yùnjìng. 63. aba It is written as 潑 pō in the Yùnjìng.

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64. ○aa In the Wángyùn, it is categorized as unrounded articulation according to the SL final. 65. abb It is written as duó in the Wángyùn, and this sinogram is written like this in most rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. It is written as 𡙜 duó in the Tángyùn. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Guǎngyùn. 66. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 枂 yuè according to the Guǎngyùn. 67. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 68. ○ab The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 𠞯 suǒ according to the Jíyùn. It is written as 刷 shuā in the Qīyīn lüè, which may have been mistakenly moved from the next line. 69. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 𧯆 huò according to the Jíyùn. 70. abb It is written as 𠿡 zhuó in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Qiēsān and the Tángyùn. 71. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 劀 guā according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 72. aab It is written as 聉 wà in the Qīyīn lüè. 73. a○b It is written as 嗗 wā in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Qiēsān, the Wángyī, and the Wáng’èr. The Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Tángyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 74. ○○a The sinogram 㔍 chuā should have been in the unrounded articulation, but the cell in the unrounded articulation is occupied by the sinogram 䶪 chà. Therefore, it was deleted in the Yùnjìng, whereas the Qīyīn lüè moved this sinogram here. Please see notes 94 and 103 of the 23rd table. 75. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè has the sinogram 𪘧 zú. The Jíyùn has 𪘧 zú, liaised as 土 tǔ 滑 huá. Therefore, the sinogram 土 tǔ is the miswritten form of the sinogram 士 shì. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 76. ab○ It is written as 刷 shuā in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram 刷 shuā in the Qīyīn lüè is misplaced in division I. Please see note 68. 77. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 78. abc It is written as 𥄎 xuè, , and , respectively, in the three books, and its graphic form is erroneous in both sets of rhyme tables. The 25th table: The 效 xiào rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. aba It is written as 褒 bāo in the Yùnjìng. 2. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is written as in the Yùnjìng, and it is written as in the Qīyīn lüè. Both the graphic forms are erroneous. 3. aab It is miswritten as in the Qīyīn lüè. 4. aab It is written as 蔜 áo in the Qīyīn lüè. 5. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 鑣 biāo according to the Yùnlüè.

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6. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 7. abc In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 啁 zhāo according to the Jíyùn. It is miswritten as 凋 diāo in the Qīyīn lüè, which belongs to the 蕭 xiāo rhyme. It is written as 嘲 cháo in the Zhǐzhǎngtú, consistent with the Wángyùn. 8. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 9. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 祧 tiāo in the Qīyīn lüè, which belongs to the 蕭 xiāo rhyme. 10. aab It is miswritten as 饒 ráo in the Qīyīn lüè. 11. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 12. ○ab In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 藨 biāo. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 爂 biāo according to the Guǎngyùn. 13. aba It is written as 蹻 qiāo in the Yùnjìng, and it is the recurrence of rhymes in division III and division IV. This minor rhyme and the note 3 of the 26th table are actually the chóngniǔ doublets. 14. ○a○ It is written as 堯 yáo in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram 堯 yáo belongs to the 蕭 xiāo rhyme of division IV. In the Yùnjìng, it was mistakenly put here and the sinogram 嶢 yáo was added to the position of the sinogram 堯 yáo. Please see note 20. 15. aba It is written as 弨 chāo in the Yùnjìng. 16. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 囂 xiāo according to the Jíyùn. 17. abc It is written as 燎 liáo, 僚 liáo, and 遼 liáo, respectively, in the three books, the latter two sinograms belong to the 蕭 xiāo rhyme. 18. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 挑 tiāo, but its original source is unknown. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is written as 祧 tiāo. The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 嬈 ráo according to the Jíyùn. 19. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 嬈 ráo according to the Jíyùn. 20. aba In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram 堯 yáo was mistakenly moved up one line to the 宵 xiāo rhyme. Therefore, the Yùnjìng added the sinogram 嶢 yáo here redundantly. Please see note 14. 21. aba It is written as 曉 xiǎo in the Yùnjìng, which is erroneous. The sinogram 曉 xiǎo belongs to the rising tone. 22. aba It is written as 寳 bǎo in the Yùnjìng. 23. ○ab It is written as 犥 pào in the Yùnjìng and 臕 biāo in the Qīyīn lüè. The Jíyùn has 皫 piǎo, liaised as 滂 pāng 保 bǎo. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. The sinogram 犥 pào belongs to the minor rhyme 皫 piǎo. in the Qīyīn lüè. 24. aab It is miswritten as 25. abc It is written as 皂 zào, 早 zǎo, and 卓 zhuō, respectively, in the three books. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Wángyī, and the Yùnjìng is consistent with the Qiēsān. 26. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as sǎo according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 27. aab It is written as 皓 hào in the Qīyīn lüè.

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28. abb It is written as 昴 mǎo in the Wángyùn. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Qiēsān and the Wáng’èr. 29. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 30. ○○a It is written as 抓 zhuā in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. 31. abc It is written as 謅 zhōu in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. It is written as 𤊛 chǎo, consistent with the Wángyī. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Qiēsān. 32. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 33. abc In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 𢾐 shǎo according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. In the Yùnjìng, it is miswritten as . 34. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as ǎo according to the Jíyùn. 35. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. 36. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as in the Qīyīn lüè. 37. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 趙 zhào according to the Jíyùn. 38. ○○a It is written as 䢪 bó in the Qīyīn lüè. In the zhèngzìtōng (正字通 A dictionary of orthographical sinograms), the sinogram 䢪 bó is regarded as the vulgar form of the sinogram 橇 qiāo. In the Jíyùn, the sinogram 橇 qiāo is liaised as 丘 qiū 祅 yāo, and belongs to the minor rhyme 蹺 qiāo of the 宵 xiāo rhyme. 39. aba It is written as 𩯘 jiào in the Yùnjìng. 40. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 鱎 jiǎo according to the Jíyùn, but in the Jíyùn, the first sinogram of the minor rhyme is written as yǎo. 41. aab It is written as qiáo in the Qīyīn lüè. 42. aba It is written as 殀 yāo in the Yùnjìng. 43. abb It is written as 晈 jiǎo in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Pelliot chinois 3695. 44. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 䂪 qiǎo according to the Jíyùn. In the Jíyùn, the sinogram 磽 qiāo belongs to the 疑 yí initials. Please see the following entry. 45. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 磽 qiāo according to the Jíyùn. 46. ○○a It is written as 悄 qiǎo in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is the recurrence of the sinogram in the minor rhyme here. 47. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 犥 pào according to the Jíyùn. 48. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 49. aab It is written as 道 dào in the Qīyīn lüè. 50. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 臑 nào according to the Jíyùn. 51. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as hào according to the Yùnlüè. 52. aba It is written as 號 hào in the Yùnjìng, consistent with the Yùnlüè.

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53. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 皰 pào according to the Jíyùn, but it is miswritten as 𦫗 pào. 54. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 皃 mào according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 55. abc It is written as 拗 ǎo, yào, and 靿 yào, respectively, in the three books. It is written as 靿 yào in all the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty, but it is erroneous in the Yùnjìng. 56. aab It is written as 効 xiào in the Qīyīn lüè, but its rhyme heading is correct. 57. ○○a It is written as 俵 biào in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is the recurrence of the minor rhyme 礻表 biǎo here. It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. 58. ○○a It is written as 剽 piāo in the Qīyīn lüè. This sinogram recurs in division III and division IV. 59. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè features the recurrence of the sinogram 膘 biāo in the minor rhyme 驃 piào. 60. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. It also appears in the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr but is written as 庿 miào. 61. abb It is written as 朓 tiǎo in all the rhyme dictionaries except for the Wángyùn, where it miswritten as 祧 tiāo, which might be erroneous. 62. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added the sinogram 驕 jiāo according to the Jíyùn. 63. ○○a In the Qīyīn lüè, the minor rhyme 趬 qiāo is a recurrence here. In this table, there are many recurrences of rhymes in division III and division IV, probably because division IV has another new table. 64. ○○a In the Wángyùn, the liaison is not provided for this sinogram. It can be found in the Wáng’èr but is absent in the Yùnjìng. 65. ○○a It is written as 𩲎 yòu in the Qīyīn lüè, which is erroneous. The Sìshēng piānhǎi has the sinogram 𩲎 yòu. The Jíyùn has 䰫 yòu, liaised as 虚 xū 廟 miào, and this sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 66. abc It is written as 燎 liáo, 療 liáo, and 尞 liáo, respectively, in the three books. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè was taken from the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 67. ○○a It is written as 醮 jiào in the Qīyīn lüè. It is the recurring sinogram of the 笑 xiào rhyme there. 68. ○○a It is written as 峭 qiào in the Qīyīn lüè. It is the recurring sinogram of the 笑 xiào rhyme there. 69. ○○a It is written as 噍 jiào in the Qīyīn lüè. It is the recurring sinogram of the 笑 xiào rhyme there. a 70. aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 䐹 xiào here. b 71. abb It is written as 䆞 yǎo in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. 72. abb It is written as 娎 xiè in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn.

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The 26th table: The 效 xiào rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. abc It is written as 飈 biāo, 飆 biāo, and 猋 biāo, respectively, in the three books. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Qiēsān, the Yùnjìng is consistent with the Guǎngyùn, the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Jíyùn. It is written as 飈 biāo in the Zhǐzhǎngtú, consistent with the Wángyùn. 2. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 𧌠 piāo according to the Jíyùn. 3. aa○ The sinogram 蹻 qiāo is the chóngniǔ doublet of the sinogram 趫 qiáo. Please see note 13 of the 25th table. In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 蹻 qiáo was mistakenly moved to the left line. Please see the following entry. 4. aab It is written as 蹻 qiāo in the Qīyīn lüè and was mistakenly moved from the right line. Please see the preceding entry. The sinogram 翹 qiáo in this cell was mistakenly moved to the left line. Please see the following entry. 5. ○○a It is written as 翹 qiào in the Qīyīn lüè and was moved from the right line. Please see the preceding entry. 6. abb It is written as 𣟶 qiáo in the Wángyùn, and it is written like this in all the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. xiāo, and 霄 xiāo, respectively, in the three 7. abc It is written as 宵 xiāo, books. It is erroneous in the Yùnjìng. The Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Wángyī. 8. abc It is written as 腰 yāo, 葽 yāo, and 邀 yāo, respectively, in the three books. It is also written as 腰 yāo in the Qiēsān. 9. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 褾 biǎo according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. jiào according to the Jíyùn. 10. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 11. ○○a It is written as 㹾 jiào in the Qīyīn lüè. The Jíyùn has 㹾 jiào, liaised as 巨 jù 小 xiǎo, which belongs to the 群 qún initials. It is placed in the erroneous line in the Qīyīn lüè. 12. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 𠞰 jiǎo according to the Guǎngyùn. 13. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 𤃭 jiǎo according to the Jíyùn. 14. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 㗝 gāo according to the Jíyùn. 15. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. qiào, and 㚁 qiào, respectively, in the three 16. abc It is written as 趬 qiāo, books. In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 趬 qiāo belongs to division III. Please see note 63 of the 25th table. It is the recurrence of the sinogram 㚁 qiào here. In the Yùnjìng, this sinogram is misplaced with the 疑 yí initials. Please see note 18. 17. aa○ It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. 18. ab○ It is misplaced with 溪 xī initials in the Yùnjìng. Please see note 16. It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. 19. abb It is written as 峭 qiào in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wáng’èr. Both of these books of rhyme tables are consistent with the Tánɡyùn. 20. abc It is written as 曜 yào, 燿 yào, and 耀 yào in the three books. The sinogram in the Yùnjìng is based on the Guǎngyùn. It is written as 曜 yào in the rhyme dictionaries of the Tánɡ dynasty.

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The 27th table: The 果 ɡuǒ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1–4.

a○○ According to the Wángyùn, the liaison is unrounded articulation, and two sets of rhyme tables all put it as rounded articulation. 5. aba In the Jíyùn, it is written as 駝 tuó according to Guǎngyùn. 6. abb It is written as 𨚗 nà in the Wángyùn. Both of these books of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wáng’èr. 7. abb It is written as 哥 ɡē in the Wángyùn. It is written as 歌 ɡē in all the rhyme dictionaries. 8. ○○a It is written as 磋 cuō in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the jíyùn. The 戈 ɡē rhyme of the Jíyùn has 嗟 jiē, liaised as 遭 zāo 哥 ɡē. 9. ○aa The sinogram is seen in the Qièsān, the Wángyī, and the Wáng’èr. It does not exist in the Wángyùn. 10. aab It is written as 呵 hē in the Qīyīn lüè. 11. a○○ The sinogram exists in the Wángyùn and the Wáng’èr. It does not exist in other books. 12–14. a○○ The three sinograms exist in all the rhyme dictionaries. (They are in the 戈 ɡē rhyme of the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn.) They do not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables. 15–17. a○○ According to the liaison in the Wángyùn, this sinogram should be categorized as unrounded articulation, but the two sets of rhyme tables all put it as rounded articulation. 18. aba It is written as 癉 dān according to the Yùnlüè in the Yùnjìng. 19. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 柁 tuó. In the Jíyùn, the sinogram belongs to the minor rhyme 袉 tuó. 20. abb It is written as 橠 nuó in all the rhyme dictionaries. Only in the Wángyùn is it written as 𢄴 nuǒ. 21. aab It seems to be miswritten as 何 hé in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 何 hé should belong to the minor rhyme 荷 hé. 22. aba It is miswritten as 龍 lóng in the Yùnjìng. 23. ○○a It is written as 䰈 cuó in the Qīyīn lüè. The 果 ɡuǒ rhyme of the Jíyùn has 齹 cuó, liaised as 才 cái 可 kě. This sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 24. abb It is written as 苛 kē in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī. It does not exist in the Qièsān. 25. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 砢 kē according to the Jíyùn. 26–27. a○○ According to the liaison in the Wángyùn, the sinogram should be categorized as unrounded articulation, but the two sets of rhyme tables all put it as rounded articulation. 28. abb It is miswritten as 柂 duò in the Qīyīn lüè. 29. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 30. abb It is written as 㰤 hē in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Tánɡyùn.

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The 28th table: The 果 ɡuǒ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1–4.

○aa In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as unrounded articulation. The two sets of rhyme tables place it here. 5. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 詑 yí according to the Guǎngyùn. 6. abc It is written as 牠 tā, 陀 tuó, and 㸰 tuó in the three books. The Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. The sinogram is written as 牠 tā in the rhyme dictionaries of the Tánɡ dynasty. 7. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 捼 wěi according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 8. abb It is written as 過 guò in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī, Wáng’èr, and the Qièsān. The sinogram is written as 戈 gē in the two sets of rhyme tables. It should be taken from the Tánɡyùn. 9. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 吪 é according to the Jíyùn. 10. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 遳 cuō according to the Guǎngyùn. 11. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 矬 cuó according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 12. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 蓑 suō according to the Yùnlüè. 13. ○○a In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 吙 huō. In the Jíyùn, the sinogram 吙 huō belongs to the minor rhyme 鞾 xuē. 14. aab It is written as 蠃 luǒ in the Qīyīn lüè. 15. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is written as kě in the Qīyīn lüè. 16. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 17. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 18. ab○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 靴 xuē. In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram is written as 吙 huō and placed in division I. Please see note 13. According to its liaison in the rhyme dictionaries of the Tánɡ dynasty, the sinogram seems to be the sound of big aperture. 19. a○○ It is written as 㗻 guō in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. The sinogram does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables. In the Guǎngyùn, it belongs to the minor rhyme 和 hé. 20. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 21–23. ○aa According to the liaison of the Wángyùn, this sinogram should be categorized as unrounded articulation, but the two sets of rhyme tables place it here. a 24. bb In the the two books of rhyme tables, it is written as 朶 duǒ according c to the Jíyùn. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is written as 埵 duǒ, consistent with the Wángyùn. The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 䙤 duǒ here.

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25. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 惰 duò and mixed with the departing tone. Please see note 37. 26. aab It is miswritten as 𡜮 nuǒ in the Qīyīn lüè. 27. abc In the three books, it is written as 姽 guǐ, wǒ, and 𢬯 wǒ. They are all erroneous and should be seen as 㛂 nuǒ. 28. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It does not exist in the Jíyùn. 29. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 䂳 cuǒ and the minor rhyme is not found in other rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. Here it is provisionally based on the two sets of rhyme tables. 30. aab It is miswritten as 鏁 suǒ in the Qīyīn lüè. 31. aab It is written as 腂 guò in the Qīyīn lüè. 32. aaa The sinogram in the two sets of rhyme tables is inconsistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. 33. ○aa In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as unrounded articulation, but the two sets of rhyme tables put it here. 34. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 35. ○aa In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as unrounded articulation, but the two sets of rhyme tables put it here. 36. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 剁 duò, but its original source is unknown. 37. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 墮 duò and mixed with the rising tone. Please see note 25. 38. aab It is written as 懦 nuò in the Qīyīn lüè. 39. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 座 zuò according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 40. aab It is written as 𦟳 jù in the Qīyīn lüè. 41. aab In all the rhyme dictionaries, it is written as 涴 wò. It is only written as 浣 huàn in the Wángyùn. 42. abc In the three books, it is written as 䇔 luò, 𡰠 luán, and 蠃 luǒ, respectively. In the Qīyīn lüè, even-shaded, even-shined, and departing tones are all represented by the same sinogram. In the Qǐshùjué, it is written as 䇔 luò, consistent with the Wángyùn. The 29th table: the 假 jiǎ rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. ○ac The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 爹 diē according to the Guǎngyùn. The sinogram should belong to division III, consistent with the Qǐshùjué. It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. 2. abb It is written as 茶 chá in the two sets of rhyme tables. 3. aba It is miswritten as 摣 zhā in the Yùnjìng. 4. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 𥕑 qiē according to the Jíyùn. 5. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 蛇 shé according to the Guǎngyùn. 6. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as the sinogram 鯊 shā according to the Guǎngyùn. 7. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 8. abb It is written as 邪 xié in the two sets of rhyme tables. 9. aaa In the two sets of rhyme tables, the sinogram is inconsistent with all the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty.

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10. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 呀 yā according to the Yùnlüè. 11. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added the sinogram 儸 luó according to the Jíyùn. 12. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 若 ruò according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 13. ○aa The minor rhyme is seen in the Wángyī and the Qièsān, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. a 14. aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 䋾 zhǎ here (it also exists in the b Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn). 15. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 16. ○○a In the Qīyīn lüè, it is miswritten as zhà. The Jíyùn has 䟻 zhà, liaised as 宅 zhái 下 xià. The sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken by the Qīyīn lüè. 17. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 賈 jiǎ according to the Jíyùn. 18. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 𥫢𥑿 chǎ according to the Jíyùn. 19. aba It is miswritten as zhě in the Yùnjìng. ○ aa (精 jīng) 20. In all the rhyme dictionaries, the sinogram 姐 jiě is liaised as abb (從 cóng) 慈 cí 野 yě and belongs to the 從 cóng initials. It is only liaised as 慈 cí 野 yě in the Guǎngyùn, but it belongs to the 精 jīng initials. The sinogram 抯 zhā belongs to the minor rhyme 姐 jiě. It seems that in the rhyme table, 姐 jiě was originally put under the 從 cóng initials, but in the Wǔyīn yùnjìng, the sinogram 姐 jiě was moved under the 精 jīng initials according to the Guǎngyùn and the sinogram 抯 zhā was retained under the 從 cóng initials. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 抯 zhā, while in the Qīyīn lüè, it is miswritten as 擔 dān. 21. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 22. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 䖃 lǎ in the two sets of rhyme tables. 23. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 若 ruò according to the Guǎngyùn. 24. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as bà. Both of these books of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wáng’èr. 25. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 靶 bǎ. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 怕 pà. In all the rhyme dictionaries, it is written as 帊 pà. The sinogram 靶 bǎ belongs to the 幚 bāng initials. 26. abc In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written according to the Jíyùn. In the Jíyùn, it is written as 杷 pá. The sinogram is miswritten as 𥝧 bà in the Yùnjìng and as 把 bǎ in the Qīyīn lüè. 27. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 塗 tú, consistent with the Wángyī. Both of these books of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wáng’èr. 28. aab It is miswritten as nà in the Qīyīn lüè. 29. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 㰤 hē according to the Jíyùn. The sinogram should belong to division III. 30. ○○a In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 扠 chā. The Jíyùn has 瘥 chài, liaised as 楚 chǔ 嫁 jià. The minor rhyme has 杈 chà. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn.

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31. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 嘎 gǎ according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 32. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 偌 ruò according to the Jíyùn. The 30th table: The 假 jiǎ rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 撾 zhuā, consistent with the Qièsān. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 檛 zhuā, consistent with the Wáng’èr. 2. aab It is miswritten as 𧩊𧩊 kuā in the Qīyīn lüè. (In the Sìbù bèiyào version, the sinogram is not erroneous.) 3. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 4. aab It is written as zuò in the Qīyīn lüè. 5. aab It is written as 華 huá in the Qīyīn lüè and should belong to the 匣 xiá initials. Please see the following entry. 6. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 華 huá belongs to the 曉 xiǎo initials and is mixed with second-voiced sound. Please see the preceding entry. Here it is written as 譁 huá. 7. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 觰 dǎ and there is a recurrence of rounded and unrounded articulations. 8. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 䅶 nòu in the Qīyīn lüè. 9. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○ a ○ (船 chuán) 10. a○○ (xīn) In the Wángyùn and the Wángyī, it belongs to the 心 xīn ini○○a (shēng) tials. In the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, it belongs to the 生 shēng initials. In the Yùnjìng, it is misplaced under the 船 chuán initials. It seems that the minor rhyme might have been originally placed under the 心 xīn initials. The rhyme table moved it to division II for alignment. Therefore, the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn revised the liaison according to the rhyme table. 11. ○aa The Jíyùn has 搲 wǎ, liaised as 烏 wū 瓦 wǎ. The sinogram in the Jíyùn is taken from the two sets of rhyme tables. 12. abc In the three books, it is written as 窳 yǔ, 攨 wā, and 窊 wā, respectively. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Wángyī. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Guǎngyùn. The Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the Tángyùn. Here the sinogram is taken from the Qīyīn lüè. 13. aba It is written as 㕦 huà in the Yùnjìng. The Yùnlüè has the three minor rhymes huà, 華 huà, and 擭 huò here. The Yùnjìng mistakenly referred to one of these, so the graphic form of the sinogram is erroneous. The 31st table: The 鹹 xián rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 耽 dān according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 2. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 探 tàn according to the Guǎngyùn. 3. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 䜙 án according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn.

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4. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 𪅎 qiān, consistent with the Qièsān. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. 5. aba It is written as 櫼 jiān in the Yùnjìng. 6. aab It is miswritten as án in the Qīyīn lüè. 7. ○a○ The Wǔyīn jíyùn added the sinogram yín according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 8. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as jiān. It seems to be the miswritten form of 兼 jiān. The sinogram in division IV was mistakenly moved here. Please see note 16. 9. a○b It is miswritten as 煘 chán in the Qīyīn lüè. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 10. a○a It is written as 鉗 qián in the Yùnjìng and was mistakenly moved from other lines to division IV. Please see note 17. 11. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 襜 chán according to the Jíyùn. 12. aab It is written as 蟾 chán in the Qīyīn lüè. 13. ○a○The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 𡝫 chān according to the Jíyùn. 14. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè has the sinogram 嫌 xián. It is the sinogram of the 添 tiān rhyme and was mistakenly moved here. Please see note 20. 15. aba It is miswritten as tiān in the Yùnjìng. 16. a○a The sinogram in the Yùnjìng was mistakenly moved to the preceding line. Please see note 8. 17. a○a In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 鉗 qián. The sinogram 鉗 qián belongs to minor rhyme 箝 qián and should be catogorized as a division-III鹽 yán rhyme. Please see note 10. 18. a○a In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 尖 jiān. It is the recurrence of the sinogram in the 鹽 yán rhyme. Please see note 10 in the 32nd table. 19. a○a The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 䯹 xiān according to the Jíyùn. 20. aa○ In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram was mistakenly moved to the preceding line. Please see note 14. 21. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is miswritten as 禪 chán. (In the Sìbù bèiyào version, the sinogram is not erroneous.) 22. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 頷 hàn. The sinogram 頷 hàn is seen in the minor rhyme 顉 qīn in the Jíyùn. 23. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 寁 zǎn according to the Jíyùn. 24. aab It is written as 唵 ǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. 25. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 喊 hǎn. The sinogram 喊 hǎn belongs to the minor rhyme in the Jíyùn. Perhaps it was moved from the next line. 26. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 𡒄 lǎn according to the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. 27. aab In the Qīyīn lüè. it is written as 𠑑 chǎn, consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. 28. ab○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 𦊔 lǎn according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. In the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr, it is written as niè. In the Qǐshùjué, it is written as 㘝 niè, consistent with the Wángyùn. 29. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 䶨 zhān according to the Guǎngyùn. 30. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added the sonogram 䫡 jiàn according to the Jíyùn.

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31. ○aa The sinogram is seen in the Wángyī, the Wáng’èr, and the Qièsān. It does not exist in the Wángyùn. 32. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 䤘 chǎn. This location in the Jíyùn has two minor rhymes: 䑎 chǎn in the 豏 xiàn rhyme and 䤘 chǎn in the 琰 yǎn rhyme. The minor ryhme 䑎 chǎn has the sinogram 䤘 chǎn. Therefore, in the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram may have been mistakenly used as a sinogram of the 豏 xiàn rhyme. It may also have been used as a 琰 yǎn rhyme in the Jíyùn. 33. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 巉 chán. The sinogram 巉 chán belongs to the minor rhyme in the Jíyùn. 34. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 35. ab○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 喊 hǎn. In the Guǎngyùn, the sinogram 喊 hǎn has recurring initials with 闞 hǎn. In the two sets of rhyme tables, the sinogram is written as 喊 hǎn rather than 闞 hǎn. It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. Perhaps it had also been used as 喊 hǎn but was mistakenly moved to the preceding line. Please see note 25. 36. ○○a It is written as miǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram belongs to the division-IV tiǎn rhyme but was misplaced here. Please see note 44. 37. aba It is miswritten as 謟 tāo in both the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè. 38. aab It is miswritten as qiǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. 39. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. The sinogram 顩 yǎn in the Qīyīn lüè is misplaced and moved down to division-IV tiǎn rhyme. Please see note 47. 40. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 41. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 42. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 鼸 xiàn and misplaced here from the division-IV tiǎn rhyme. Please see note 49. 43. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 44. aa○ The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè was mistakenly moved up to division III. Please see note 36. 45. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is miswritten as 𪵪 shuǐ. 46. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 歉 qiàn according to the Jíyùn. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is written as 嗛 qiǎn, consistent with the Wángyùn. 47. ○○a In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 顩 yǎn and was misplaced here from the preceding line’s 琰 yǎn rhyme. Please see note 39. 48. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 49. a○a In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram was mistakenly moved by one row to the division-III琰 yǎn rhyme. Please see note 42. 50. ○a○ It is written as 苒 rǎn in the Yùnjìng and it is the recurrence of the minor rhyme 冉 rǎn of the 琰 yǎn rhyme here. 51. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 撍 qián, consistent with the Wángyī. The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. 52. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 㨻 shǎn according to the Jíyùn. 53. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 𩖋 lǎn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 54. a○b In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 賺 zhuàn according to the Jíyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng.

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55. abc In the three books, it is written as jiàn, 𪉦 jiàn, and 䫡 jiàn, respectively. It is erroneous in the Wángyùn. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is taken from the Jíyùn. 56. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is miswritten as 䫲 hàn. 57. a○b In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 儳 chán according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 58. aba It is miswritten as àn in the Yùnjìng. 59. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 60. aba It is miswritten as 䧟 xiàn in the Yùnjìng. 61. abc In the three books, it is written as 䪜 chàn, chàn, and 䠨 chàn. In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram is erroneous. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Wángyī. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Tángyùn. 62. aba It is miswritten as 𣕊 tiàn in the Yùnjìng. a 63. aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 兼 jiān here. b 64. abb It is written as 荅 dá in the Wángyùn, inconsistent with other rhyme dictionaries. 65. aab It is written as 榼 kē in the Qīyīn lüè. 66. abc In the three books, it is written as 𡀾 è, è, and 䀴 yǐng. The sinogram in the Yùnjìng is taken from the Guǎngyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram is erroneous and was misplaced here from the next line of the 洽 qià rhyme. Please see note 72. 67. aab It is written as 匝 zā in the Qīyīn lüè. 68. aba It is miswritten as zá in the Yùnjìng. 69. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as tà in the Qīyīn lüè. 70. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added it according to the Jíyùn. The sinogram tiè is miswritten as (The Guǎngyùn has 𣯉 dié in the minor rhyme 牒 dié of the 怗 tiē rhyme.) 71. aab It is written as 笝 nà in the Qīyīn lüè. 72. ○ab The sinogram 䀴 yà is seen in the Tángyùn and the Kānmiù bǔquē qièyùn in the Shíyùn huìbiān. It does not exist in the Wángyùn. It is written as 䀴 yà in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè was mistakenly moved from the next line to the 合 hé rhyme. Please see note 66. Here it is written as 㾜 qiè. The sinogram 㾜 qiè in the Wángyùn is placed in the next line. 73. abb It is miswritten as 貶 biǎn in both of the two sets of rhyme tables. 74. aba It is written as 挿 chā in the Yùnjìng. 75. abc In the three books, it is written as 箑 shà, 𥯦 shà, and shà. In the Wángyùn, the sinogram 箑 shà is seen in two places. One is here, and the other is the 山 shān initials of the 葉 yè rhyme. In the Guǎngyùn, the sinogram 箑 shà belongs to the minor rhyme 霎 shà of the 山 shān initials. In the Jíyùn, the three sinograms all belong to the 神 shén initials. This is perhaps because the sinogram 𥯦 shà has a similar form to the sinogram 箑 shà. Here it should be considered 箑 shà. 76. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 歃 shà according to the Jíyùn.

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77. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 𦜈 zhé, consistent with the Wángyī. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Qièsān. 78. abb The Wángyùn is consistent with the Qièsān and the Wángyī. In the two sets of rhyme tables, the sinogram is written as 聶 niè according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 79. abb It is miswritten as 㾜 qiè in both of the two sets of rhyme tables 80. abb It is written as 极 jí in all the rhyme dictionaries of the Tánɡ dynasty. It is miswritten as 扱 qì in the Wángyùn. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 笈 jí according to the Yùnlüè. 81. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 偞 xiè according to the Jíyùn. 82. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 帖 tiē according to the Jíyùn. 83. ab○ In the Wángyùn, it is written as 𤗊 dié, consistent with the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Qièsān. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 84. abb It is written as 苶 nié in the Qièsān, the Wáng’èr, the Tángyùn, and the Pelliot Chinois 3799. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 捻 niǎn according to the Jíyùn. In the Wángyùn, it is written as 錜 niè, inconsistent with other rhyme dictionaries. 85. ○a○ It is written as 妾 qiè in the Yùnjìng, and there is a recurrence of division III and division IV. Please see the 32nd rhyme table. 86. aba It is miswritten as jiè in the Yùnjìng. 87. aba It is miswritten as xiè in the Yùnjìng. 88. a○○ The Wángyùn has 擪 yè, consistent with the Qièsān, the Wáng’èr, and Tángyùn. In the Kānmiù bǔquē qièyùn in Shíyùn huìbiān and the Guǎngyùn, the sinogram belongs to the minor rhyme 魘 yǎn of the 葉 yè rhyme. 89. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 㛍 qiè according to the Jíyùn. In the Wángyùn, it is written as 𢏲 shè and should be revised according to the Qièsān. 90. aba It is miswritten as liè in the Yùnjìng. 91. abb In both of the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 帖 tiē, consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty, but it is not revised in the rhyme table of the Yùnjìng. Please see note 82. This proves that the rhyme table was revised according to the later rhyme dictionaries. The 32nd table: The 鹹 xián rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. abc In the three books, it is written as dān, 舑 tān, and 蚺 rán. In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram is erroneous according to the Guǎngyùn and the Qīyīn lüè. 2. a○○ This sinogram does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables but exists in all the rhyme dictionaries. Now it is added in the two sets of rhyme tables according to them. 3. a○○ The sinogram does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables but exists in all the rhyme dictionaries. Now it is added in the two sets of rhyme tables according to them. 4. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 黯 àn according to the Jíyùn. 5. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn.

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6. aa○ It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. 7. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 黔 qián according to the Jíyùn. 8. ○a○ It is written as 𥰨 tán in the Yùnjìng. The 談 tán rhyme of the Jíyùn has 𥰨 tán, liaised as 市 shì 甘ɡān. It belongs to the division-III sinograms of the division-I rhymes. 9. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 10. abc In the three books, it is written as 尖 jiān, 䇝 yì, and jiān. The sinogram 尖 jiān in the Yùnjìng is a recurrence of the 添 tiān rhyme. Please see note 18 of the 31st table. The sinogram 䇝 yì is added here according to the Jíyùn. 11. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 僉 qiān according to the Yùnlüè. 12. aab In all the rhyme dictionaries, it is written as 懕 yān. It is only written as 厭 yàn in the Wángyùn. 13. aba It is miswritten as 瞻 zhān in the Yùnjìng. 14. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 𦵹 tǎn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. a 15. a ○ In the Wángyùn, there are two minor rhymes 敢 gǎn and 𠿑 gǎn. It is writb ten as 敢 gǎn in the Yùnjìng. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 16. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 17. aa○ In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 䭕 zǎn belongs to the 從 cóng initials. Please see the following entry. 18. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 䭕 zǎn. It comes from the 精 jīnɡ initials and is mixed with the second-voiced sound. Please see the preceding entry. 19. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 20. ○aa The sinogram is seen in the the Qièsān, Wángyī, and the Wáng’èr. It does not exist in the Wángyùn. 21. a○b In the Wángyùn, it is written as 巉 chán, consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram 巉 chán in the Qīyīn lüè belongs to the 豏 xiàn rhyme. Please see note 33 of the 31st rhyme table. Here the Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 嵁 zhàn according to the Jíyùn. 22. aab It is written as 黶 yǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 黶 yǎn in the two sets of rhyme tables belongs to division-IV 琰 yǎn rhyme. Please see note 30. 23. a○b It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. 24. aab In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 儼 yǎn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 25. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 㴸 shǎn. It is the recurrence of the minor rhyme 陜 xiá of the 琰 yǎn rhyme. Please see the 31st rhyme table. Perhaps it is based on 㶒 kuò, liaised as 賞 shǎng 敢 ɡǎn in the division-III sinograms, the 敢 gǎn rhyme, the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn, but is miswritten. 26. a○○ It is written as 險 xiǎn in the Wángyùn, consistent with the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr. 27. a○a The sinogram is seen in the Wángyùn, the Wángyī, the Wáng’èr, and the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 28. a○b In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 𫗚 jiǎn according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng.

218 29.

30.

31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53.

Pan Wenguo aab(清 qīng) In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 憸 xiān belongs to the 心 xīn ini○○ a(心 xīn) tials. It is written as 槧 qiàn under the 清 qīng initials. Perhaps it is miswritten and should be 塹 qiàn because 槧 qiàn belongs to the 敢 gǎn rhyme. Please see note 18 of this rhyme table. aab The sinogram 黶 yǎn in the Qīyīn lüè belongs to the division-II檻 kǎn rhyme. Please see note 22. Here it is written as 𪒠 yǎn, and the sinogram 𪒠 yǎn belongs to the 鑑 jiàn rhyme. Please see note 36. Seen from the table, both are mistakenly moved by two cells. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 睒 shǎn, consistent with the Wángyī. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Tángyùn. aba It is miswritten as 擔 zhān in the Yùnjìng. aba It is miswritten as in the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè. ○aa The sinogram is seen in the Tángyùn. It does not exist in the Wángyùn. a ○○ (Ⅰ) The sinogram should belong to the 精 jīng initials. The two sets of ○ aa (Ⅱ) rhyme tables all place it to division II. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○aa The sinogram is seen in the Wángyī. It does not exist in the Wángyùn. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 釅 xié according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. ○a○ It is miswritten as 䝱 xié in the Yùnjìng. The Guǎngyùn has 䝱 xié, liaised as 許 xǔ 欠 qiàn. The sinogram in the Yùnjìng was erroneous when it was taken from the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 獫 xiǎn according to the Jíyùn. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 驗 yàn. It is the recurrence of division III and division IV. Please see the 31st rhyme table. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added 驗 yàn according to the Guǎngyùn. ○○a It is written as 𠎷 sà in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram is moved here from the division-I盍 hé rhyme of the entering tone in the rhyme table. Please see note 53. aba It is written as 艷 yàn in the Yùnjìng. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 殮 liàn. It is the recurrence of division III and division IV. Please see the 31st rhyme table. ○a○ In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 染 rǎn. It is the recurrence of division III and division IV. Please see the 31st rhyme table. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. a aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 傝 tà here. b aba It is written as 踏 tà in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram 踏 tà belongs to the 透 tòu rhyme of the 合 hé rhyme. ○aa The sinogram exists in all the rhyme dictionaries except for the Wángyùn. aab It is miswritten as 曗 yè in the Qīyīn lüè. It is erroneous due to the reference to the sinogram 曗 yè in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. aba It is miswritten as zé in the Yùnjìng. aab It is written as 翣 shà in the Qīyīn lüè. It was moved to the preceding line from the 狎 xiá rhyme. Please see note 59. Meanwhile, the sinogram 𠎷 sà was moved up to the 豔 yàn rhyme. Please see note 43.

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54. aab It is miswritten as 䫦 gé in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 䫦 gé belongs to the 見 jiàn initials. 55. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 蠟 là, inconsistent with all the rhyme dictionaries. 56. abc In the three books, it is written as 㳿 xiè, 渫 xiè, and 霅 zhà. The Wángyùn is consistent with the Wáng’èr. The Yùnjìng is consistent with the Qièsān. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is written according to the Jíyùn. It is written as 𠗨 dié in the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. Here it is seen as 𠗨 dié. 57. a○b It is written as 囃 cà in the Qīyīn lüè. It is the recurrence of the division-I 盍 hé rhyme. It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. 58. a○b It does not exist in the Yùnjìng. It is written as 㳿 xiè in the Wángyùn. 59. aa○ The sinogram 翣 shà in the Qīyīn lüè is moved from the next line to the 盍 hé rhyme. Please see note 53. 60. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 㙷 zhé according to the Jíyùn. 61. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added 跲 jiá according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 62. ○○a It is written as 譫 zhān in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram is a recurrence of the minor rhyme 讋 zhé of the 葉 yè rhyme. Please see the 31st rhyme table. Or it might based on 譫 zhān, liaised as 章 zhāng 盍 hé, of the division-III sinograms in the 盍 hé rhyme of the Jíyùn. 63. ○a○ It is written as 䢡 xiè in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram belongs to the minor rhyme 燮 xiè of the 怗 tiē rhyme. Please see the 31st rhyme table. 64. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, inconsistent with the Jíyùn. It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 65. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 魘 yǎn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 66. ○a○ It is written as 挾 xié in the Yùnjìng. It belongs to the division-IV sinograms of the 狎 xiá rhyme in the Jíyùn. The sinogram 挾 xié is liaised as 子 zǐ 洽 qià and should be placed here. The 33th table: The 鹹 xián rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added the sinogram 訖 qì according to the Jíyùn. 2. aab It is miswritten as 芝 zhī in the Qīyīn lüè. 3. ○a○ It is written as 瓊 qióng in the Yùnjìng. The Jíyùn has the sinogram mán, liaised as 亡 wáng 凡 fán. Perhaps the form of the sinogram was erroneous when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 4. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as bàn in the Qīyīn lüè. 5. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 6. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 鋄 wàn according to the màn in the Wángyùn, the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. It is miswritten as Wángyī, and the Wáng’èr. 7. ○ab In the Wǔyīn yùnjìng, it is written 𠑆 chǎn according to the Guǎngyùn. In chǎn according to the Jíyùn. the Qīyīn lüè, it is revised as

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8. ○ab In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 拑 qián according to the Jíyùn. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 㧄 qiǎn. Perhaps it is the miswritten form of 拑 qián. The sinogram 㧄 qiǎn belongs to the minor rhyme 凵 qiǎn. 9. aab It is miswritten as 丩 jiū in the Qīyīn lüè. 10. ○a○ It is written as 顩 yǎn in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram is a recurrence of 琰 yǎn rhyme. 11. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 汎 fàn according to the Guǎngyùn. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is written as 泛 fàn, consistent with the Wángyùn. 12. abb It is miswritten as màn in the two sets of rhyme tables. It is miswritten as màn in the Wángyùn. 13. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 14. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 15. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 16. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as ná in the Qīyīn lüè. The 34th table: The 宕 dànɡ rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 2. ○ab According to the SL final in the Wángyùn, this sinogram should be categorized as rounded articulation, but the Yùnjìng categorized it as unrounded articulation. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 旁 páng according to the Yùnlüè. 3. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 4. abc In the three books, it is written as 唐 tánɡ, 堂 tánɡ, and 棠 tánɡ. The sinogram 唐 tánɡ is the rhyme heading. 5. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 岡 gāng according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 6. abb In the two books of rhyme tables, it is written as 穅 kāng according to the Jíyùn. 7. aab It is written as 昂 áng in the Qīyīn lüè. 8. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 桒 sāng, consistent with the Wángyī. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr. 9. abc In the three books, it is written as 炕 kàng,忼 kāng, and 蚢 háng, respectively. The sinogram 蚢 háng belongs to the 匣 xiá initials. The sinogram 忼 kāng is first seen in the Guǎngyùn. 10. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 倀 chāng according to the Yùnlüè. 11. aba It is miswritten as 羗 qiāng in the Yùnjìng. 12. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 彊 qiáng according to the Jíyùn. 13. aab It is written as 蔣 jiǎng in the Qīyīn lüè. 14. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 創 chuāng according to the Jíyùn. 15. aba It is miswritten as 啇 shì in the Yùnjìng. 16. aba It is written as 相 xiāng in the Yùnjìng. 17. abb It is written as 𥞌 xiāng in the Wángyùn. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr.

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18. ○a○ The sinogram 羊 yáng is in the Yùnjìng and it is the recurrence of the minor rhyme 陽 yáng. 19. aba It is miswritten as yáng in the Yùnjìng. 20. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 儻 tǎng according to the Yùnlüè. 21. aba It is miswritten as dàng in the Yùnjìng. 22. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 駠 liú in the Yùnjìng. 23. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 24. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 25. abb The two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with all the rhyme dictionaries. It is written as 𣞙 sǎng only in the Wángyùn. 26. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 27. aab It is written as 郎 láng in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram 郎 láng belongs to the even tone. 28. ○○a(Ⅳ) The sinogram 𩦠 bàng is in the Qīyīn lüè and it is taken from the Guǎngyùn. The sinogram should belong to division III, but in the Qīyīn lüè, it is revised to division IV according to the ménfǎ rules of chuànglì yīnhé. 29. ○○a It is written as 𢐿 rǎng in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram in all the rhyme dictionaries belongs to the minor rhyme 壤 rǎng. We do not know what the Qīyīn lüè is based on. 30. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 𥔶 gěng according to the Jíyùn. 31. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 强 qiáng according to the Jíyùn. 32. abc It is written as 蔣 jiǎng in the Qīyīn lüè, but its original source is unknown. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as jiǎng, consistent with the Jíyùn. In the Wángyùn, it is written as jiǎng, consistent with the Qièsān, the Wáng’èr, and the Pelliot Chinois 4917. Now the sinogram is taken from the Wángyùn. a 33. It is written as chuǎng in the Qīyīn lüè. The Wángyùn still has the cab minor rhyme chuǎng here. 34. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 35. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 爽 shuǎng according to the Jíyùn. 36. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 象 xiàng according to the Jíyùn. 37. aba It is written as 攘 rǎng in the Yùnjìng. 38. abb According to the SL final, this sinogram should be categorized as a rounded articulation, but the two sets of rhyme tables all categorize it as an unrounded articulation. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 螃 páng according to the Tángyùn. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is written as 謗 bang, consistent with the Wángyùn and the Wáng’èr. 39. ○○a It is written as 𪾰 shěng in the Qīyīn lüè. The Jíyùn has 𦜍 pàng, liaised as 滂 pāng 謗 bàng. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè was erroneous when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 40. abb It is written as 讜 dǎng in the Wángyùn. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. 41. ○aa The sinogram is seen in the Tángyùn. It does not exist in the Wángyùn. 42. aab It is miswritten as 柳 liǔ in the Qīyīn lüè. (In the Sìbù bèiyào version, the sinogram is not erroneous.)

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43. ○ab In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 䅮 càng according to the Jíyùn. It is miswritten as 槍 qiāng in the Qīyīn lüè. 44. abc In the three books, it is written as 𠸶 sān,䘮 sāng, and 喪 sāng. It is written as sāng in the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn. Now the sinogram is taken from the Wáng’èr. a ○○ (Ⅰ) 45. The sinogram in the Wángyùn is liaised as 扶 fú 浪 lànɡ. According ○ aa(Ⅲ) to the SL final, the sinogram should belong to the 宕 dàng rhyme. 46. aab It is written as 悵 chàng in the Qīyīn lüè, mixed with the following entry. 47. abc It is written as 帳 zhàng in the Qīyīn lüè, mixed with the preceding entry. It is written as 暢 chàng in the Yùnjìng. 48. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is written as 彊 jiàng according to the Guǎngyùn. 49. aba It is miswritten as 嗴 qiāng in the Yùnjìng. 50. aba It is written as 强 jiàng in the Yùnjìng. 51. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as chuàng according to the Guǎngyùn. 52. ○○a It is written as 灀 shuàng in the Qīyīn lüè. The Jíyùn has the sinogram 灀 shuàng in the minor rhyme 霜 shuāng of the 漾 yàng rhyme. 53. abb It is written as 粕 pò in the Wángyùn. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with other rhyme dictionaries. 54. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 沰 tuō according to the Jíyùn. 55. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. The Yùnjìng is inconsistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. 56. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 𦞦 huò according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 57. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added the sinogram 𩌏 bù according to the Jíyùn. 58. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 59. ○aa In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation, but the two sets of rhyme tables all put it as an articulation rhyme. 60. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 著 zhuó, consistent with the Wáng’èr. Both of the two sets of rhyme tables are consistent with the Tángyùn. 61. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 辵 chuò according to the Jíyùn. 62. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 63. abb In the Wángyùn, it is written as 腳 jué, consistent with the Wáng’èr. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as juè, consistent with the Qièsān. 64. aba It is miswritten as xuè in the Yùnjìng. 65. aba It is miswritten as nuè in the Yùnjìng. 66. ○○a It is written as 𢧉 cuò in the Qīyīn lüè. There are two sinograms 斮 cuò, and 𢨈 cuò in the Jíyùn, liaised as 土 tǔ 略 luè. Perhaps 土 tǔ is the miswritten form of 士 shì. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is taken from here. 67. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added the sinogram 杓 sháo according to the Jíyùn. The sinogram 杓 sháo in the Guǎngyùn belongs to the 禪 shàn initials. 68. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 嚼 jiáo according to the Jíyùn.

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69. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 鑠 shuò according to the Jíyùn. 70. aba It is written as 杓 sháo in the Yùnjìng. 71. aba It is miswritten as xuè in the Yùnjìng. 72. abb In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is written as 弱 ruò according to the Jíyùn. In the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is written as 弱 ruò, consistent with the Wángyùn. The 35th table: The 宕 dànɡ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. a○○ According to the SL final of the Wángyùn, the sinogram 傍 bàng should be placed here, but the two sets of rhyme tables all put it as unrounded articulation. 2. aab It is written as 𣺬 huāng in the Qīyīn lüè. 3. ○○a It is written as 恇 kuāng in the Qīyīn lüè. The Jíyùn has 𢚇 kuáng, liaised as 俱 jù 王 wánɡ. This sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 4. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. Perhaps the original form was avoided as taboo. 5. ○○a In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 㚾 xiōng. We do not know what it is based on. 6. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 7. aab It is written as 幌 huǎng in the Qīyīn lüè. ○ a ○ (Ⅱ) 8. In the Yùnjìng, it is written as kuàng. In the Qīyīn lüè, it is writ○○ a (Ⅲ) ten as 𥉁 jù. Both of the two sinograms are the miswritten form of 臩 guǎng. The sinogram 臩 guǎng in the Wángyùn belongs to the 群 qún initials, but it belongs to the 見 jiàn initials in the Guǎngyùn. The sinogram in the Wǔyīn yùnjìng is taken from the Guǎngyùn, but in the Yùnjìng, the sinogram and its location are both erroneous. 9. ○○a It is written as 𢘛 kuǎng in the Qīyīn lüè. The Jíyùn has kuǎng, liaised as 丘 qiū 往 wǎnɡ. Perhaps the sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is erroneous. ○ a ○ (Ⅱ) 10. It is written as 臩 guǎng in the Wángyùn. In the Wǔyīn yùnjìng, it ○○ b (Ⅲ) was moved to the 見 jiàn initials. Please see note 8. The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added the sinogram 俇 guàng according to the Guǎngyùn, but in the Wǔyīn yùnjìng, the sinogram is misplaced 11. a○○ According to the SL final of the Wángyùn, the sinogram 謗 bàng should be categorized as rounded articulation, but the Yùnjìng put it as unrounded articulation. 12. ○aa The sinogram is seen in the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 13. aab In the Qīyīn lüè, it is written as 攩 dǎng according to the Guǎngyùn. 14. a○a In the Yùnjìng, the sinogram belongs to the 群 qún initials and mixed with second-voiced sound. Please see note 16. 15. ○○a It is written as kuàng in the Qīyīn lüè. Perhaps it is the miswritten form of kuàng. The Jíyùn has kuàng, liaised as 區 qū 旺 wàng.

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16. aba In the Yùnjìng, it is miswritten as 誑 kuáng and mixed with second-voiced sound. Please see note 14. 17. ○○a It is written as 㘀 zuò in the Qīyīn lüè. The 鐸 duó rhyme of the Guǎngyùn has 㘀 zuò, liaised as 祖 zǔ 郭 ɡuō. The sinogram should belong to the division-I entering tone, but it was mistakenly moved here. 18. aba It is written as 旺 wàng in the Yùnjìng. 19. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is written as huò in the Qīyīn lüè. 20. aab It is miswritten as 艧 huò in the Wángyùn and the Yùnjìng. It is miswritten as 臒 wò in the Qīyīn lüè. The sinogram should be considered 雘 wò. 21. aba It is miswritten as 檴 huò in the Yùnjìng. 22. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 23. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè features the recurrence of rounded and unrounded articulations. 24. b○a The Qīyīn lüè features the recurrence of rounded and unrounded articulations. 25. a○a In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation, but in the two sets of rhyme tables it is categorized as unrounded articulation, and it is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 26. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr, the Tángyùn, and it does not exist in the Wángyùn. The 36th table: The 梗 gěng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1. aab It is written as 𥛱 bēnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 2–4. ○a○ In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation, but in the Yùnjìng it is categorized as unrounded articulation, and it is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 5. abc It is written as 鬡 níng in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. It is written as 儜 níng, and it is a recurring sinogram of the 耕 gēng rhyme here. a 6. aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 賡 gēng here. b 7. abb It is written as 京 jīng according to the Jíyùn in the two sets of rhyme tables. 8. aaa As for this sinogram, both of these books of rhyme tables are inconsistent with the rhythm dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. 9. a○a The sinogram 迎 yínɡ in the Yùnjìng was mistakenly moved into the next line and put into the 清 qīng rhyme. Please see note 14. 10. ab○ It is written as 英 yīnɡ in the Yùnjìng according to the Jíyùn, and it is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 11. abb It is written as 亨 hēnɡ in the Yùnjìng according to the two sets of rhyme tables. 12. ○○a It is written as 娉 pīnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè, and 娉 pīnɡ is in the departing tone. The Jíyùn has 聘 pìn, liaised as 匹 pǐ 各 gè, and this sinogram might have been miswritten when it is taken from the Jíyùn.

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13. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 14. ○a○ It was mistakenly moved from the preceding line in the Yùnjìng. Please see note 9. 15. ○a○ It is written as 騂 xīng in the Yùnjìng. There is 騂 xīng, liaised as 息 xī 營 yíng, and according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation. It is the same in all the rhyme dictionaries. According to the Zhǐzhǎngtú, it is categorized as rounded articulation, whereas there is no distinction of rounded or unrounded articulation in the Qīyīn lüè. The Yùnjìng has the sinogram 觪 xīng categorized as rounded articulation, and the sinogram 騂 xīng is also listed there, which is a recurrence. Please see note 9 of the 37th table. 16. ○○a It is written as 冷 lěnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè, and this sinogram is moved from the sinograms in the 梗 gěng rhyme in the next two lines. 17. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is different from what is listed in the Jíyùn. 18. ○aa In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation. However, in the two sets of rhyme tables, it is categorized as unrounded articulation. 19. aab It is written as 𩶁 bǐng in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 20. ○aa In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation. In the two sets of rhyme tables, it is categorized as unrounded articulation. ab b a 21. The Wángyùn has two minor rhymes here: a represents 打 dǎ, and b o o c represents 町 dīng. Each of the two sets of rhyme tables was referred to once here, and b was also copied into the 透 tòu initials according to the Qīyīn lüè, which was miswritten as 盯 dīng. 22. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, but it is miswritten as 掹 mēng in the Yùnjìng. 23. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 24. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 伉 kànɡ according to the Jíyùn, but it is miswritten as 沆 hànɡ. 25. ○a○ It is written as 䁝 yíng in the Yùnjìng, and both the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè have a rounded articulation. Please see note 17 of the 37th table. 26. aab It is written as 泠 línɡ in the Qīyīn lüè. 27. abb It is written as 慏 mǐng in the Wángyùn, and there are no other references. Here, the annotation refers to the two sets of rhyme tables. 28. ○○a It is written as 徎 chéng in the Qīyīn lüè, and the 逞 chěnɡ minor rhyme reappears in division III. Please see the 38th table. 29. ○○a The sinogram 頸 jǐng has been seen in the table 38th, and there is recurrence according to the Jíyùn. There are two kinds of liaisons for the sinogram 頸 jǐng of the 靜 jìng rhyme: 頸 jǐng 郢 yǐng and 九 jiǔ 領líng. 30. ○○a The sinogram 痙 jìng in the Qīyīn lüè is miswritten from the 群 qún initials in division III. Please see note 27 of the 38th table. 31. ○○a It is written as 領 lǐng in the Qīyīn lüè, and there is a recurrence in division III and division IV. 32. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 烹 pēnɡ according to the Jíyùn.

226 33. 34. 35. 36.

37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.

45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54.

Pan Wenguo a a b The position of 孟 mènɡ and 命 mìnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè is reversed, and b b a there are no relevant references in any of the rhyme dictionaries. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr and Tángyùn. It can be found in the 諍 zhēng rhyme in the Wángyùn. Please see note 41 of the 38th table. aab It is miswritten as 鎊 pāng. abc It is written as 硬 yìng in the Yùnjìng and does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. This sinogram is in the 本 běn rhyme in the Wángyī, the Wáng’èr, and the Tángyùn but in the 諍 zhèng rhyme in the Guǎngyùn. Obviously, it can be found that the Yùnjìng was not based on Guǎngyùn. Please see note 43 of the 38th table. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. a○○ It does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables, but it exists in the Zhǐzhǎngtú. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added 瀴 yíng according to the Guǎngyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. aba It is miswritten as 栟 bēn in the Yùnjìng. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added 輕 qīng in the Yùnjìng. It is omitted in the Jíyùn. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 纓 yīng in the Jíyùn according to the Qīyīn lüè. a○○ Lí Róng thinks that 碧 bì should be placed here. In fact, it is placed in the 麦 mài rhyme in the Wángyùn, placed here in the Wáng’èr, and placed in the 昔 xī rhyme in the Qièsān, the Tángyùn, and the Guǎngyùn. The sinogram written in the two sets of rhyme tables is the same in the Qièsān. Please see note 63 of the 38th table. aab It is miswritten as 柏 bǎi in the Qīyīn lüè. ○aa This sinogram is in the 麥 mài rhyme in the Wángyùn, and the sinogram written here is in accordance with the Tángyùn. ○a○ It is written as 黐 chī in the Yùnjìng, and the recurrence of the sinogram in the 昔 xī rhyme appears here. aab It is written as 坼 chè in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. a aa The Wángyùn has the rhyme搦 nuò here. b abb It is written as 迮 zé in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. a○○ This sinogram is absent in the two sets of rhyme tables. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added 礐 què according to the Jíyùn, and the sinogram is in the 麥 mài rhyme according to the Guǎngyùn. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 剔 tī according to the Jíyùn. aba It is written as 刺 cì in the Yùnjìng according to the Yùnlüè.

The 37th table: The 梗 gěng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1–3. a○○ In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation, but in the Yùnjìng it is categorized as unrounded articulation. 4. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 㚚 kōng according to the Jíyùn. 5. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 䪯 yīng according to the Jíyùn.

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aab It is miswritten as 湟 huánɡ in the Qīyīn lüè. aba It is misplaced in division IV in the Yùnjìng, and it exchanges positions with the sinogram 營 yíng in the 清 qīnɡ rhyme, please see note 1 1. 8. aba It is miswritten as 傾 qíng in the Yùnjìng. 9. ab○ It is written as yíng in the Yùnjìng, and this sinogram should be in the minor rhyme 騂 xīng according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. Please see note 15 of the 36th table. 10. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, but it is miswritten as 㫬 xū in the Qīyīn lüè. 11. aba It is miswritten in division III of the Yùnjìng, and the sinogram 榮 róng in the 庚 gēng rhyme is misplaced. Please see note 11. 12–13. a○○ In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation, but, in the two sets of rhyme tables, it is categorized as unrounded articulation. 14. abb It is written as 璟 jǐng in the two sets of rhyme tables. There is a recurrence of 憬 jǐnɡ in the 溪 xī initials in the Yùnjìng. Please see note 16. According to the table, the five sinograms representing rising tone of velars in the Qīyīn lüè—礦 kuàng, jù, 璟 jǐng, 頃 qīng, and 痙 jìng—were all mistakenly moved into the preceding row. Here, their positions will not be explained one by one. 15. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 16. ○a○ There is a recurrence that the sinogram 憬 jǐng is in the 見 jiàn initials in the Yùnjìng. Please see note 14. Perhaps it is also based on the Jíyùn, because in addition to the liaison 俱 jù 永 yǒng, the Jíyùn also has the liaison 孔 kǒng 永 yǒng for the sinogram 憬 jǐng. Therefore, it should be placed here. a ○ ○ (Ⅱ) 17. The sinogram 䁝 yǐng, liaised as 烏 wū 猛 měng, in the Wángyùn. ○ ○ a(Ⅲ) According to its liaisers, it should be categorized in division II, but it is categorized in division III in the Qīyīn lüè. While it is difficult to determine whether the liaisers of this sinogram should be categorized as rounded articulation or unrounded articulation, Lí Róng categorized the SL final as rounded articulation, which is consistent with the Qīyīn lüè. However, the Yùnjìng categorizes it as unrounded articulation. Please see note 25 of the 36th table. 18. ○a○ It is written as 𦬺 xiōnɡ in the Yùnjìng. The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added 𦬺 xiōnɡ according to the Guǎngyùn and it should be placed here, but the sinogram 𦬺 xiōnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè is misplaced in the next line. Please see note 21. ○ a ○ (Ⅱ) 19. It is written as cǎo in the Guǎngyùn, and it is written as 卄 cǎo ○ ○ a(Ⅲ) in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. The Guǎngyùn has cǎo, liaised as 乎 hū 䁝 yíng, and according to its liaison, it should follow 䁝 yíng, but it is mistakenly categorized in division III in the Qīyīn lüè. 20. ○○a It is written as 痙 jìng in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is categorized as unrounded articulation. Please see note 27 of the 38th table

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21. ○○a It is written as 𦬺 xiōnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is categorized as a 梗 gěng rhyme in division III. Please see note 18. 22. aab It is miswritten as 頴 yǐng in the Qīyīn lüè. 23. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 24. a ○ a (曉 xiǎo)This sinogram should be categorized as a 曉 xiǎo initial, and it ○ a ○(通 tōng) was mistakenly categorized in the Yùnjìng. 25. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is different from in the Jíyùn. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. aa a (Ⅱ) 26. b○ b ○ (Ⅲ) The Wángyùn has 頀 hù, liaised as 擭 hù here. The Yùnjìng placed 擭 hù in division II and 頀 hù in division III. The sinogram 頀 hù is categorized in division II instead of division III in the Qīyīn lüè. It seems that the difference between these two liaisons are not that between big and small apertures. 27. abb It is written as 砉 huò in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Yùnlüè. aa a (匣 xiá) 28. b The Wángyùn has the two minor rhymes 嚄 huō and huō ○ ○ b (喻 yù) here. The Yùnjìng chose 嚄 huō and the Qīyīn lüè chose huō. Therefore, the 匣 xiá and 喻 yù initials here represent the same pronunciation. 29. ○aa The Jíyùn has 䳛 yān, liaised as 工 gōng 役 yì, and it is miswritten as 鵙 jú according to the two sets of rhyme tables. 30. ○aa It is written as 䠗 qiù in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. 31. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 𦳮 zhí according to the Guǎngyùn. It is liaised as 之 zhī 役 yì in the Guǎngyùn and should be categorized in division III. It is added in note 27 of 39th table. 32. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added 𥄎 according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is miswritten as . It does not exist in the Qīyīn lüè. The 38th table: The 梗 gěng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn

1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

In the Qīyīn lüè, all the sinograms were mistakenly moved to the preceding line, resulting in the actual positions of division I, division II, and division III. This misposition is mentioned here in advance, and no such annotation will be given in the following text. abc It is written as 繃 bēng, 絣 bēng, and 浜 bānɡ in the three books. According to the two sets of rhyme tables, 繃 bēng is categorized as rounded articulation, and there are added sinograms here. In fact, it is the recurrence of the same minor rhyme. aba It is written as 伻 bēng in the Yùnjìng. abb It is written as 棚 pénɡ in the two sets of rhyme tables. ○a○ It is written as 撑 chēnɡ in the Yùnjìng. There are minor rhymes 庚 gēng, 韵 yùn, 瞠 chēng in the rhyme dictionaries, and there is a recurrence here. abc It is written as 獰 níng in the Qīyīn lüè, and this sinogram can be found in the minor rhyme 儜 níng of the 集 jí rhyme. It is written as 儜 níng in the Yùnjìng.

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

229

aba It is written as 罌 yīng in the Yùnjìng according to the Jíyùn. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 磷 lín according to the Jíyùn. a○b It is written as 楨 zhēn in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is omitted in the Yùnjìng. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. abb It is written as 佂 zhēng in the Wángyùn. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. aab It is written as 聴 tīng in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. aba It is written as 𡧾 níng in the Yùnjìng. ○a○ It is written as 輕 qíng in the Yùnjìng, and it is the recurring sinogram of the 清 qíng rhyme here. Please see the 36th table. 16. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added 菁 jīnɡ according to the Jíyùn. 17. a○b It is written as 啨 yīng in the Qīyīn lüè, and it did not exist in the Yùnjìng. 18. aba It is written as 刑 xíng in the Yùnjìng. 19. ○○a It is written as 𨕧 bēnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè, and there is 𨗙 bēnɡ, liaised as 必 bì 幸 xìnɡ. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè accords with that in the Jíyùn. 20. aab It is written as 併 bìng in the Qīyīn lüè. 21. aab The sinogram 䁅 měng has a departing tone in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is written as 黾 miǎn according to the Jíyùn. The sinogram 䁅 měng does not exist in the 耿 gěng or 諍 zhèng rhymes according to the Jíyùn. 22. ○○a It is written as 巊 yǐng in the Qīyīn lüè. This sinogram should be put in division IV and is misplaced here. Please see note 37 of this table. 23. ○○a It is written as 𪇬 yù in the Qīyīn lüè. The 迥 jǐong rhyme in the Jíyùn has 䳙 xǐng, liaised as 呼 hū 顶 ding, and it is not clear whether it is correct or not. 24. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 晸 zhěng according to the Jíyùn. 25. a○b It is written as 裎 chéng in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 26. aa It was mistakenly moved in division IV in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 34. 27. aa○ The sinogram 痙 jìng should be here. It is mistakenly categorized as rounded articulation in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 20 of the 37th table, and it was deliberately moved to division IV and misplaced into the 疑 yí initials. Please see note 30 of the 36th table. 28–30. ○aa In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation, but in the two sets of rhyme tables it is categorized as unrounded articulation. The sinogram 竝 bìng is written as 並 bìng in the two sets of rhyme tables. 31. abc It is written as 珽 tǐng, 侹 tǐng, and 挺 tǐng in the three books. It is miswritten in the Yùnjìng, and it is mixed as a sinogram of 定 dìng initials in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see the following entry. 32. aa○ The sinogram 挺 tǐng in the Qīyīn lüè is mixed into the 透 tòu initials. Please see the preceding entry. 33. aba It is written as 𩕳 níng in the Yùnjìng.

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34. aab It is written as 頸 jǐng in the Qīyīn lüè, and it derives from the 静 jìnɡ rhyme of division III. Please see note 26. The sinogram 剄 jǐng was mistakenly moved into the 溪 xī initials on the left. Please see the following entry. 35. aab The sinogram 剄 jǐng in the Qīyīn lüè is mistakenly categorized into the 見 jiàn initials. Please see the preceding entry. The sinogram of 謦 qǐnɡ was mistakenly moved into the 群 qún initials on the left. Please see the following entry. 36. ○○a The sinogram 謦 qǐnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè is mistakenly categorized into the 溪 xī initials. Please see the preceding entry. 37. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is miswritten in division II in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 22. 38. aab It is miswritten as 苓 línɡ in the Qīyīn lüè. 39. ○○a It is written as 軿 píng in the Qīyīn lüè. The Jíyùn has 軯 pēng, liaised as 叵 pǒ 迸 bèng. This sinogram might have been miswritten when it was taken from the Jíyùn. 40. ○○a It is written as 䁅 měng in the Qīyīn lüè, and 䁅 měng is a rising tone in the Wángyùn and the Yùnjìng. Please see note 21. 41. a○○ It is written as 牚 chēng in the Wángyùn, and it is categorized into the 敬 jìnɡ rhyme in the two sets of rhyme tables. Please see note 34 of the 36th table. 42. 25CB○a It is written as 䂻 zhěng in the Qīyīn lüè, and the sinogram is categorized into the 敬 jìnɡ rhyme in the Jíyùn. Obviously it is a confusion of the 時 shí rhyme and èr rhyme. 43. ○a○ It is written as 硬 yìng in the Yùnjìng. Please see note 34 of the 36th table. It is a recurring sinogram according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is written as 鞕 yìng here in the Guǎngyùn. 44. aba It is written as 䙬 yìng in the Yùnjìng according to the Guǎngyùn, and the sinogram 䙬 yìng in the Qīyīn lüè does not follow the rhyme dictionaries of the Sòng dynasty. 45. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 𧕝 nínɡ according to the Jíyùn. 46. ○aa The two sets of rhyme tables added 跰 pián according to the Jíyùn. 47. ○○a It is written as 燹 xiǎn in the Qīyīn lüè. 燹 xiǎn is liaised as 妨 fǎng 正 zhèng in the Jíyùn, but it is placed in the 勁 jìn rhyme. It was moved here in the Qīyīn lüè. 48. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 屏 pínɡ according to the Jíyùn. 49. aab It is written as 叮 dīnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè 50. aba It is written as 俓 jìng in the Yùnjìng. 51. abc It is written as 磬 qìnɡ, 𣫆 qìnɡ, and 罄 qìnɡ in the three books. These sinograms written in the Wángyùn are the same in the Wángyī and Wáng’èr, and the sinograms written in the two sets of rhyme tables are the same in the Tángyùn, but these sinograms are miswritten in the Yùnjìng. 52. aba It is written as 醒 xǐnɡ in the Yùnjìng, which is the same in the Yùnɡuǐ. a 53. ba The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 碧 bì here. It is categorized in c division III in the two sets of rhyme tables. This arrangement proves that the table does not follow the Wángyùn. The sinogram 蘗 bó in the Yùnjìng is written as 檗 bò according to the Guǎngyùn. As for this sinogram, the Qīyīn lüè is consistent with the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty.

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54. aab It is miswritten as 擗 pǐ in the Qīyīn lüè. The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme pǐ here, and it is categorized in division III in the two sets of rhyme tables. 55. ○aa In the Wángyùn, according to its liaison, it is categorized as rounded articulation. However, in the two sets of rhyme tables, it is categorized as unrounded. 56. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 蹢 zhí according to the Jíyùn, but 蹢 zhí, liaised as 治 zhì 革 gé, should be placed in the 定 dìng initials. This sinogram is misplaced in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see the preceding entry. 57. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 𤹞 chè according to the Jíyùn, but 𤹞 chè, liaised as 丑 chǒu 厄 è, should be placed in the 透 tòu initials. The sinogram is misplaced in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see the preceding entry. 58. aab It is written as 隔 ɡé in the Qīyīn lüè. 59. ab○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. It is miswritten as 礊 kè in the Yùnjìng. 60. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 61. ○○a It is written as 𪮺 jìn in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is a recurrence of the 剨 huō minor rhyme here according to the Guǎngyùn. 62. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added lè according to the Jíyùn. 63. ○aa It is categorized into the 麥 mài rhyme in the Wángyùn and into the 陌 mò rhyme in the Wáng’èr, and the sinogram in the two sets of rhyme tables is the same in the Qièsān and Tángyùn. Please see note 53. 64. ○○a It is miswritten as 𨥧 biān in the Qīyīn lüè. The Jíyùn has 𨥧 biān, liaised as 鋪 pū 彳 chì, and the Qīyīn lüè refers to it. 65. ○ab It is written as bó in the Yùnjìng, and it is written as 欂 bó in the Qīyīn lüè. It is the recurrence of the 陌 mò rhyme here. Please see note 46 of the 36th table and note 54 of this table. It may have been added according to the Jíyùn. 66. a○○ It is absent in the two sets of rhyme tables. 67. aa○ It is misplaced in the next line of the 錫 xī rhyme in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 73. 68. aba It is written as 射 shè in the Yùnjìng, and the sinogram is the same in the Yùnlüè. 69. ○aa It is written as 㔏 lì in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. 70. aba It is written as 璧 bì in the Yùnjìng. 71. abb It is written as 劈 pī in the two sets of rhyme tables. It is written as 霹 pī in the Qǐshùjué, and the sinogram is the same in the Wángyùn. 72. aab It is written as 覔 mǐ in the Qīyīn lüè. 73. abc It is written as 狄 dí in the Yùnjìng according to the Jíyùn. The sinogram 擲 zhì in the Qīyīn lüè was mistakenly moved from the 昔 xī rhyme. Please see note 67. 74. aba It is miswritten as 惄 nì in the Yùnjìng. 75. aab It is written as 喫 chī in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 76. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 77. aba It is miswritten as 鍚 yáng in the Yùnjìng. 78. aba It is miswritten as 撽 qiào in the Yùnjìng. The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme 𪕯 xí here. 79. aab It is written as 歴 lì in the Qīyīn lüè, which is the same in the Yùnɡuǐ.

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The 39th table: The 梗 gěng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 1.

○aa According to the Wángyùn and examples in the table, the SL final of 繃 bēng is rounded articulation. It is the recurrence of the two sets of rhyme tables here. 2. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Qièsān and the Wáng’èr, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 3. aab It is written as 訇 hōng in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 4. aab It is miswritten as 扄 shǎng in the Qīyīn lüè. 5–7. a○○ According to the Wángyùn, the SL final is rounded articulation, but the two sets of rhyme tables all put it as unrounded articulation. 8. abb It is written as 潁 yǐng in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn. 9. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 10. aba It is miswritten as 逈 jiǒng in the Yùnjìng. 11. ○a○ It is written as 𥥈 hónɡ in the Yùnjìng, and it is the recurring sinogram of the 敬 jìnɡ rhyme here. Please see note 23 of the 37th table. 12. ○a○ It is miswritten as 詷 tóng in the Yùnjìng and should be written as 詗 xiòng. It is the recurring sinogram of the rising tone. 13. a○○ The Wángyùn has the sinogram 熒 yíng, and it does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables. 14. a○○ According to the Wángyùn, the SL final is rounded articulation, and the two sets of rhyme tables all put it as unrounded articulation. The sinogram 麥 mài in the Wángyùn is miswritten as 夌 líng, but the rhyme heading is correct. 15. aab The sinogram 蟈 guō in the Qīyīn lüè is mistakenly categorized into the 溪 xī initials on the left, it is written as 馘 guó here, and it is the recurring sinogram of the same minor rhyme. Please see the following entry (馘 guó is the first sinogram of the minor rhyme in the Yùnlüè). 16. ○ab It is written as 蟈 guō in the Qīyīn lüè, and the sinogram is moved from the 見 jiàn initials. Please see the preceding entry. The Yùnjìng added 𥕏 kuò according to the Jíyùn. 17. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is written as 𧾛 ɡuó and liaised as 求 qiú 𫉬 huò in the Guǎngyùn. It is miswritten as 䟒 quán in the Yùnjìng. 18. ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added 㩇 huà according to the Guǎngyùn, but 簪 zān 摑 guó should be categorized in division I. It is mistakenly copied as 𪮺 jìn in the Yùnjìng. 19. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 20. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 21. abb It is written as 劃 huà in the two sets of rhyme tables, which is the same in the Yùnlüè. 22. ○a○ It is written as 礰 lì in the Yùnjìng, and the sinogram 礰 lì has the minor rhyme靂 lì in the 錫 xī rhyme. 23. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is different in the Jíyùn and omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. Nevertheless, 𣤩 chī, liaised as 丑 chǒu 歷 lì, should be categorized as rounded articulation.

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24. aab It is written as 臬 niè in the Qīyīn lüè, and it is mistakenly written as 具 jù according to the Jíyùn. 25. abb Both books of rhyme tables mistakenly put is as 閴 qù. 26. ○ab The sinogram in the Yùnjìng is the same in the Wáng’èr, and it is written as xuè in the Qīyīn lüè. 27. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it should be in the 37th table. Please see note 31 in this table. The 40th table: The 流 liǔ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. aaa The sinogram 裒 póu is placed in the 尤 yóu rhyme in the Wángyùn, Wángyī, and Wáng’èr, but the SL final should be here. 2. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is different in the Jíyùn. 3. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 4. aaa 䜅 wéi in the Wángyùn and Wángyī are both in the 幽 yōu rhyme. 5. abc It is written as 𠟕 cǒu, 鄹 zōu, and 㔌 zòu in the three books. These sinograms written in the Qīyīn lüè are the same in the Qièsān. It is miswritten in the Wángyùn and Yùnjìng. 6. aab It is written as 婁 lóu in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. a ○ a (IⅡ) 7. The sinogram is categorized in division III in the Qīyīn lüè. This ○ a ○ (IV) sinogram in the Yùnjìng was moved to division IV according to the rule of chuànglì yīnhé, and the sinogram is mixed into the 幽 yōu rhyme. a 8. aa The Wángyùn still has the minor rhyme牞 jiū here. b a 9. aa There are two minor rhymes here in the Wángyùn: 丘 qiū, liaised as 去 b qù 求 qiú, is placed here, and 惆 chóu, liaised as 去 qù 愁 chóu, should be categorized in division IV according to the rule of 重 chóng initials. The first sinogram of the minor rhyme 惆 chóu in the Guǎngyùn is 恘 qiū. It is categorized in division IV in the Wǔyīn yùnjìng according to this rule and mixed into the 幽 yōu rhyme. 丘 qiū, 惆 chóu, and 恘 qiū in the Jíyùn are all categorized into the minor rhyme 丘 qiū. Therefore, the sinograms written in the two sets of rhyme tables are not based on the Jíyùn. Please see note 2 of the 41st table. 10. ○aa It is written as 恘 qiū in the two sets of rhyme tables, and it is categorized into the 重 chóng initials of the minor rhyme 丘 qiū in the 尤 yóu rhyme. Please see note 9. 11. abb It is written as 求 qiú in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. 12. abb It is written as 優 yōu in the two sets of rhyme tables. It is written as 憂 yōu in the Qǐshùjué, which is the same as that in the Wángyùn. 13. aab It is written as 留 liú in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 14. aba It is written as 滮 biāo in the Yùnjìng. 15. aba It is written as 蚴 yòu in the Yùnjìng. 16. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè.

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17. a○a The 精 jīng initials of the 幽 yōu rhyme has the sinogram 稵 zī, and the 精 jīng initials of the 尤 yóu rhyme has the sinogram 遒 qiú. Because these two sinograms vie for the same cell, each of the two sets of rhyme tables only chose one. The 幽 yōu rhyme is adopted in the Qīyīn lüè and the 尤 yóu rhyme is adopted in the Yùnjìng. It is written as 啾 jīu in the Yùnlüè. 18. a○○ Because this sinogram is in the same cell as the sinogram 搜 sōu in division II of the 尤 yóu rhyme, it is deleted in the two sets of rhyme tables. The sinogram 搜 sōu can be found in the 41st table of this rhyme dictionary. a 19. aa There are two minor rhymes in this cell, and the sinogram 飍 xīu is used b in the two sets of rhyme tables, so the sinogram 休 xiū cannot be placed here. 20. abb It is written as 掊 póu in the two sets of rhyme tables, and the sinogram is the same in the Yùnlüè. 21. abc It is written as 𪌘 tǒu, 黈 tǒu, and 妵 tǒu in the three books. These three sinograms in the Qīyīn lüè are based on the Jíyùn and in the Yùnjìng are based on the Yùnlüè. 22. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 23. abc It is written as 榖 gǔ, , and 㝅 gòu in the three books. It is miswritten in the Wángyùn, Yùnjìng, Qièsān, and Wáng’èr. 24. abb It is written as 趣 qù in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. ○ a a (I) 25. This sinogram should be in division II, and 仕 shì, liaised as 垢 gòu, a ○ ○ (II) is in every rhyme dictionary. However, it is liaised as 才 cái 垢 gòu in the Jíyùn, which is likely influenced by the classification of division I of the rhyme table. 26. aba It is written as 叟 sǒu in the Yùnjìng, and this sinogram written is the same in the Wáng’èr. It is written as 藪 sǒu in the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè, and the sinogram is the same in the Wángyī. The sinogram 藪 sǒu is not the first sinogram of the rhyme dictionary in the Sònɡ dynasty. 27. abb It is written as 紑 fóu in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. 28. aab It is written as 狃 niǔ in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Guǎngyùn. 29. abb It is written as 臼 jiù in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. 30. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 31. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added 𥣙 zhòu according to the Guǎngyùn, and the sinogram was deleted because the minor rhyme 鯫 zōu is found here. 32. ○a○ The Yùnjìng has 壽 shòu, and it is the recurring sinogram in the minor rhyme 受 shòu in the 禪 shàn initials. 33. abc It is written as 溲 sōu, 湊 còu, and . The sinogram in the Wángyùn is the same as that in the Wángyī and Wáng’èr. The sinogram in the Qīyīn lüè is the same as that in the Qièsān. The sinogram in the Yùnjìng is miswritten. (The sinograms in the Wángyùn and Qīyīn lüè are allographs.)

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34. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. ○ ○ a (II) 35. In the Qīyīn lüè, the sinogram 有 yǒu is misplaced in the above cell a a b (III) and categorized in division II, and the current cell is occupied by the sinogram 酉 yǒu in division IV. Please see note 6 of the 41st table. 36. aa○ It is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 37. a○○ It exits in the Wángyùn and the rhyme dictionaries of the Tánɡ dynasty, but it does not exist in the two sets of rhyme tables. 38. abb It is miswritten as in the Wángyùn, but it is written correctly in other rhyme dictionaries. 39. aba It is written as 逗 dòu in the Yùnjìng. 40. aba It is miswritten as zòu in the Yùnjìng. 41. aba It is miswritten as 輳 còu in the Yùnjìng. 42. abb It is written as 㔌 zòu in the Wángyùn. 43. abb It is written as 詬 gòu in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. 44. aab It is written as 漏 lòu in the Qīyīn lüè, which is the same in the Yùnlüè. 45. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 46. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 47. a○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 48. aba It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. 49. aab It is written as 㑳 zhòu in the Qīyīn lüè. 50. abb It is written as 咒 zhòu in the two sets of rhyme tables, and it is written as 呪 zhòu in other rhyme dictionaries. The 41st table: The 流 liǔ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. ○a○ It is written as 䬌 pōu in the Yùnjìng and should be categorized in division III. Please see note 7 of the 40th table. 2. abb It is written as 恘 qiū in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is in the 重 chóng initials of the minor rhyme 丘 qiū here. Please see note 9 and 10 of the 40th table. 3. ab○ In the Yùnjìng, 遒 qiú is categorized into the 從 cóng initials, and it is written as 啾 jiū here. The sinogram 稵 jiū of the 幽 yōu rhyme is written in the Qīyīn lüè. Please see note 17 of the 40th table. 4. abc It is written as 酋 qiú, 遒 qiú, and 莤 yóu. The sinogram is miswritten in the Qīyīn lüè. 5. abb It is written as 由 yóu in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Jíyùn. 6. ○ ○ a (IⅡ) The sinogram 酉 yǒu in the Qīyīn lüè was mistakenly moved to the a a ○ (IV) preceding line. Please see note 75 of the 40th table. 7. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn.

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The 42nd table: The 深 shēn rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 舚 tiàn according to the Jíyùn. 2. abb The two sets of rhyme tables added 沈 shěn according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. a 3. ab It is miswritten as in the Qīyīn lüè. The Wángyùn still has the minor c rhyme 䋻 nín here. 4. aab It is written as 今 jīn in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 5. aab It is written as 參 cān in the Qīyīn lüè. 6. ○a○ It is written as 忱 chén in the Yùnjìng, and it might be the recurring sinogram of the minor rhyme 諶 chén in the 禪 chán rhyme. 7. aab It is written as 灊 qián in the Qīyīn lüè. 8. aab It is written as 壬 rén in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 9. aba It is miswritten as in the Wángyùn and the Qīyīn lüè, and it is written as 戡 kān in the Yùnjìng according to the Guǎngyùn. It is written as 㱽 zhěn in the Wángyī. 10. ab○ The Wángyùn has 𩒣 qiān, liaised as 𡖥 qīng 飲 yǐn, and Lirong deleted it. It is written as 𩖄 yǐn in the Yùnjìng according to the Guǎngyùn. The sonogram 𩖄 yǐn and 𩒣 qiān in the Wángyùn and the Guǎngyùn are arranged in converse position, and there are no other rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty to be referred to here. Therefore, these sinograms were added according to the sGuǎngyùn. Please see note 14. 11. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 䫬 zhěn in the Jíyùn. 12. aab It is written as 碜 chěn in the Qīyīn lüè. a b a (rhyme table) 13. a b b (rhyme heading) It is written as 寢 qǐn in the Yùnjìng according to the Yùnlüè. The rhyme heading of the Qīyīn lüè has changed according to the Yùnmù (the rhyme heading), but it was still not changed in the rhyme table. 14. abb It is written as 𩖄 yǐn in the Wángyùn, and it is written as 𩒣 qiān in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn. Please see note 10. 15. abb It is written as 葚 shèn in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn. 16. abc It is miswritten as in the Qīyīn lüè. It is miswritten as 㾕 shěn in the Wángyùn. The sinogram written in the Yùnjìng is the same in the Wángyī. 17. aab It is miswritten as 嶔 qīn in the Qīyīn lüè. 18. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 19. aab It is written as 凛 lǐn in the Qīyīn lüè. 20. ○○a It is written as 禀 bǐnɡ in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. 21. abb It is written as 椹 zhēn in the Wángyùn, and the sinogram 椹 zhēn has an even tone. It is miswritten in the Tángyùn but written correctly in the Wángyī, Wáng’èr, and Pelliot chinois 3694.

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

237

22. abb It is written as 祲 jìn in the Wángyùn and is the same in the Wángyī and Wáng’èr as in the Wángyùn. Meanwhile, the sinogram written in the Tángyùn is the same as that in the two sets of rhyme tables. 23. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 24. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 25. aba It is written as 絍 rèn in the Yùnjìng. ○ aa (帮 bāng) 26. a represents the sinogram 䳨 huáng, and b represents bí. ab ○ (並 bìng) These two sinograms in the Guǎngyùn are in exactly opposite positions in the Wángyùn. Please see page 66, note 6, of the Qièyùn yīnxì. However, the sinogram bí does not exist in the text of the Wángyùn, and these two sinograms cannot be found in other rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. Therefore, the Wǔyīn yùnjìng added them here according to the Guǎngyùn. 27. ○○a It is written as bí in the Qīyīn lüè, but actually this sinogram is written as bí, and it is misplaced here from the cell on the right. Please see the preceding entry. 28. abb It is written as 𡆴 niè in the Wángyùn, and the sinogram written in the Wángyùn is different in other rhyme dictionaries. 29. abb It is written as 偛 chā in the Wángyùn, and it is written as chè in the two sets of rhyme tables. The sinogram in the Tángyùn is the same in the two sets of rhyme tables. 30. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 31. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and the form in the Jíyùn is different. 32. ab○ It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. This sinogram in the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn is categorized into the minor rhyme 十 shí, and the sinogram in the two sets of rhyme tables is based on the rhyme dictionaries of the Táng dynasty. 33. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. The 43rd table: The 曾 céng rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 2. aba It is miswritten as 䥢 lóng in the Yùnjìng. The sinogram 䥢 lóng is categorized into the 来 lái initials of the 冬 dōng rhyme. 3. abb It is written as 騰 téng in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 4. abc It is written as 搄 gèn, , and 𣕲 gèn in the three books. These sinograms are miswritten in the Yùnjìng and the Qīyīn lüè. 5. ○○a It is written as 㣒 cèng in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn.

238 6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

Pan Wenguo ○ ○ a (曉 xiǎo) The sinogram 恒 hénɡ in the Qīyīn lüè is misplaced in the 曉 a a b (匣 xiá) xiǎo initials, and a recurring sinogram 峘 huán of the same minor rhyme is located under the 匣 xiá initials. abb It is written as 槾 màn in the Wángyùn, and the sinogram here is the same in the Wángyī. It is written as 𪴂 màn in the Qièsān and as 楞 léng in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and the sinogram in the Jíyùn is different. abb It is written as 凭 pínɡ in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 儚 méng according to the Jíyùn. abb It might be miswritten as 䂩 yàn in the Wángyùn. ○○a It is written as 驓 céng in the Qīyīn lüè, and 䰝 zèng, liaised as 即 jí 凌 líng, is in the Jíyùn, but it is miswritten in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. ○○a It is written as 毝 cǎi in the Qīyīn lüè, but the source of this sinogram is not clearly known. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is omitted in the Yùnjìng. a○a It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. aab It is written as 昇 shēng in the Qīyīn lüè ○○a The Qīyīn lüè added 𦂅 xīng according to the Jíyùn. ○ ○ a (匣 xiá Ⅲ) ○ a ○ (喻 yù Ⅲ) It is miswritten in the two sets of rhyme tables. a ○ ○ (喻 yù Ⅳ) aab It is written as 夌 líng in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 𨹹 bēng according to the Jíyùn. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Wángyī, but it is absent from the Wángyùn. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 㽪 zěng according to the Jíyùn. ○a○ It is written as 倰 léng in the Yùnjìng according to the Jíyùn. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. ○ a ○ (溪 xī) The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and ○ ○ a (群 qún) the sinogram is misplaced in the 溪 xī initials in the Yùnjìng ○ ○ a (II) The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and the ○ a ○ (III) sinogram should be placed in division II. aba It is written as 𢅴 měnɡ in the Yùnjìng according to the Guǎngyùn, but it might miswritten as . ○ab The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and the sinogram in the Jíyùn is different. It is miswritten as in the Yùnjìng. a○b It is written as 倰 léng in the Qīyīn lüè according to the Jíyùn, and the sinogram in the Tángyùn is the same as that in the Wángyùn.

The Reconstruction of the Ancient Rhyme Tables

239

30. abb It is written as 凭 píng in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 31. abb It is written as 眙 yí in the Wángyùn, and the sinogram in the Wángyī and the Wáng’èr is the same in the Wángyùn. It is written as 瞪 dèng in the two sets of rhyme tables, and the sinogram here is the same as that in the Tángyùn. 32. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 33. ○a○ The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is omitted in the Qīyīn lüè. 34. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 㣒 cèng according to the Jíyùn. 35. aba It is written as 剩 shènɡ in the Yùnjìng. 36. abb It is written as 應 yīng in the two sets of rhyme tables according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. ○ a ○ (III) 37. It is misplaced in division III in the Yùnjìng. a ○ a (IV) 38. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and the sinogram in the Jíyùn is different. It is omitted in the Yùnjìng. 39. aba It is miswritten as tè in the Yùnjìng. 40. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 41. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 42. abb It is miswritten as 䬵 gāi in the Wángyùn, and the sinogram 䬵 gāi is categorized into the minor rhyme 該 gāi of the 咍 hāi rhyme. 43. ○aa This sinogram can be found in the Wáng’èr and the Tángyùn, but it does not exist in the Wángyùn. 44. It is written as 堛 bì, 愊 bì, and 堛 bì in the three books, and these sinograms are miswritten in the Qīyīn lüè. 45. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 46. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and the sinogram in the Jíyùn is different. 47. aba It is written as 敕 chì in the Yùnjìng according to the Guǎngyùn and the Jíyùn. 48. It is written as 穓 yì in the Wángyùn, which is the same as that in the Kānmiù bǔquē qièyùn in the Shíyùn huìbiān. The sinogram in the two sets of rhyme tables is the same as that in the Wáng’èr. In fact, these two sinograms are allographs. 49. abb It is written as 軄 zhí in the Wángyùn. 50. ○aa The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn. 51. aaa The minor rhyme 抑 yì is still here in the Wángyùn. 52. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added 日 rì according to the Jíyùn. The 44th table: The 曾 céng rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 1. The Qīyīn lüè added 鞃 hóng according to the Jíyùn. 2. ○a○ The Yùnjìng added 泓 hóng according to the Jíyùn. 3. ○○a The Wǔyīn yùnjìng added it according to the Guǎngyùn, and it is omitted in the Yùnjìng.

3.5 Appendix Table 3.4 An Index for the Annotations of Rhyme Tables With the Reference of Categories and Tables

eo

misalignment recurrence

missing

rd e

r

5

2

1

2

1

19 6 49 19 20 22 23 24 40 42 48 50 53

6 22 23 24 31 32 36 37 39 51

15 16 25 34 38

1 2 3 4 5 27 35 46 47

56

2 11 10

5

9

1

2

20* 33* 34* 37 46* [47]

1

1

1

6

14 55

26 28 29

13

2

2

1

3

2

1

7* 15* 17 36* 26* 27* 28* 34* 39*

7

2

9* 8* 6 43 21* [11] [12] 26* 29*

2

.4

2

1

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

4

24

according referring to the Jíyùn to others

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

1

48 6

the Yùnjìng

subtotal

(17) 30 (35) 38 40

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

12

the Yùnjìng

23 44 23 49

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

14

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

32 50

added sinograms according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)

the Yùnjìng

only present in the Wángyùn the Qīyīn lüè

6 3 9 8 21 9 22 29 43

subtotal

the Yùnjìng

the Yùnjìng

2

2nd

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the Wángyùn 1st

sinograms referred to according to according to referring the Guǎngyùn the Jíyùn to others (Jíyùn)

omitted in the Wángyùn the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

bl

Mistake error

4 19 29 (31) (45)

1 8 10 11 16 18 22 25 43

5 13

41 42

5

9

1 1

2

7 40 18 30 10 32 (36) (45) 33 37 41 44 51 52 54

48 52 17 53 40

2 39

2

2

4

1 10

1 2

subtotal

te

ego cat ber m nu

no

ta

59

75

3rd

3 6

1 4 12 13 15 20 23 24

22

26 21

2

9 25*

[6] [10]

5 7 8 14 19

16 11 12 18 20

11

11 17

subtotal

2

8

1

1

1

2

2

5

1

1

2

4th

subtotal 5th

1

15 16 20 28 30 32

12 23 24 25 26 27 34

22 33

8

1 17

6 7 19

31

9 10 14

5

1

7

2

1

2

3

1

3

12 25 17

8

2 3 18 19 23

8 20 15 21

1

5

2

1

2* 12 11* 13* 13 27* 21*

4

(24) 2

4

3 4 5

17 18

(1) (29)

32

3.

3

2

2

1

17

5 13* 14

21

16 25

1

2

4 10 22

[9] 9 11

5 6 7 9 26

1 2

5

subtotal

2

1

1

3

1

6th

1 21 5 3 7 6 11 11 12 17 14 23 15 18 22

20

10

10

13

16* 18

2 [4] 25

8

27 9 15 19 22

26

8

6

1

1

1

1

2

3

1

1

1

1

subtotal

1

8

2

1

1

1

2

4

31

40

34

32

(Continued)

Table 3.4 (Continued)

eo

error

misalignment recurrence

missing

rd e

r

8 17

12 3

2

2

1

1

4

5

1

1

7

1

1 5 6 9 14 21

6 2 17 18

22

18 8

3

(20)

11* 16* 22*

2

6

2

1

1

1

1

3

9th

5

4

4 5

2

1

(3)

subtotal

1

1

2

1

1

1

subtotal

3

total of this 11 29 44 page

1

2

23 20

5

1

7 15

6

9

3

2

2

5

7

5

16

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

1* 23*

10 4 23 9 10

8th

referring according to the Jíyùn to others

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

-

the Yùnjìng

2 7

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

11

the Yùnjìng

15 16 17 17 18 19 19

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

24

according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

5 13 6 20 21 23

added sinograms

according to according to referring to others the Guǎngyùn the Jíyùn (Jíyùn) the Yùnjìng

3 4 14 20

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

13

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

the Yùnjìng

only present in the Wángyùn the Qīyīn lüè

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

subtotal

the Yùnjìng

the Wángyùn 7th

sinograms referred to

20

omitted in the Wángyùn the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

bl

Mistake

9 10 22

1

3

7 (2) 13 (12)

12 19

19

2

2

1

19

2

4

subtotal

te

ego cat ber m nu

no

ta

31

30

7 4

18

5 32

3

6 5

15 339

10th

3 4

6 7

subtotal

2

2

11th

8

9

1

1

1

2*

10

1

1

1

3

7

4 5

7

1

1

2

1

14

2 16 7 24 8 10 12 21 22 23

13

9

1 4 (14)

12 13 18

5 22

3 [15] 11* 10* (24) 19 17 20

21

6 25

subtotal

8

1

1

3

3

2

3

1

2

12th

8 13 34 28 39 31 40 34 36

35 22 24 25 32

15 18 19 23

18

3 (29) 11 27 12 20 30 (16) 26 21 34 (41) 42

2 6 10

1

1

4

4

1

4

subtotal 13th

subtotal

2

5

3

46 1 38 46 54 61 63 67 73

2 6 42 49 50 60 70 72 73

5 37 48

21 35 58 66

34 51 52 53 55

64

23 6 60 21 23 28 36 38 40

24 47

(13) (16) 20 27 (40) 59

1

9

3

4

5

1

2

2

6

8

7

2

4

1

2

3

(69)

60 62 66

3 18 19 22 44

1

3

5

1

1

2

1

7* 5* [1] 14* 14* 4 30 17* 37 [39] 4

3

3

17* 56* [15] 10 25* 65* 52

3

2

1

1

9

36 38

33

1

2

1

1 4 9 11 12 14 26 30 31 32 45 68 (71)

33 39 41 43

6 7 8 29 57

37

73

13

4

5

1

1

31

49

88

(Continued)

Table 3.4 (Continued)

eo

error

misalignment recurrence

missing

rd e

r

32 27 33

17 34

2 32 22 3 38

1* 26

10* 23*

3

1

2

1

3

2

2

13 (36) (29) (6) 19 12 15 7 21 18* 9 37 28 (30)

3

6

3

1

1

24 17 20 21 28

2 4 6 8 15

25 24

5 11 12

29

26 9 27 11

8

7 16

14

1

23

1

5

1

1

3

1

2

1

2

1

1

1

4 24 23

9 10 20 23 21 27 24 25

11 13 15

15 20

6 22

2

5

3

2

1

4

1

3

2

1

1

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

40

according referring to the Jíyùn to others

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

5

the Yùnjìng

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

8 25 35

1

the Yùnjìng

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

4 11 1 16 16 12 20 19 14 25 32 37

1

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the Yùnjìng

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

subtotal

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

16th

according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)

only present in the Wángyùn the Qīyīn lüè

subtotal

added sinograms

according to according to referring the Guǎngyùn the Jíyùn to others (Jíyùn)

the Yùnjìng

15th

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

subtotal

the Yùnjìng

the Wángyùn 14th

sinograms referred to

omitted in the Wángyùn the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

bl

Mistake

3

1

1

5

1

1

(19)

17* 23*

3

1

2

1

2

1

1

4 14 16 7 28 (8) 12 4

2

39

3

(13) (10) 28 19 22

1

subtotal

te

ego cat ber m nu

no

ta

1

46

3

1

32 1 2

2

31

17th

22 23 38 54 57 67

17 24 25 40 55 69

10 19 25 48 61 63 63

38 66

4 6 7 8 46

52 1 62 26 32 53 58 59

13

(3) (9) 49 67

(2) (12) 36 43

3

11 16

19*

subtotal

6

6

7

2

5

2

1

4

4

1

2

1

19 2 37 29 44 36 44 45 49 55 59

3 11 12 18 19 35 39 43 49 50 63

47

63 29 44 46 48 57

24 41 54 61

22 66

14 28 40 65

4 (63)

25 42

8 37

15 23 38

subtotal

3

8

11

1

1

4

2

1

2

2

2

3

19th

4

3

(5)

2

subtotal

1

1

18th

5

6

3

6 1

total of this 16 47 46 page

5

17 24

13

[9] 52* 24 40* 53* 29 47

2

2

5 10 34

(60) 17 18 44 55 65

15 20 21 24 27 37 42 50 51

25 33 41 28 34 56 63 45

39 64

3

3

1

5

9

3

3 2

2

37* 33 6* 30 48* 53* 7* 57* [62]

16

17 (18) (20) 58 (64)

9 27 32 56 59

10 11 21 26 60 66

1 5 50 13 16 51 67

31 34 35

1

5

5

6

2

3

3

2

3

1

2 3

9

7

1

22

2

21

84 5

2 6 24

82

5 2 11

18

18

12

16

7

7

31

20 28

8

20th

6

4

8

5

1* 6 8*

3 7

2

subtotal

1

1

1

1

3

2

1

7 5

12 462

10

(Continued)

Table 3.4 (Continued)

eo

misalignment recurrence

missing

rd e

r

sinograms referred to

added sinograms

according to according to referring the Guǎngyùn the Jíyùn to others (Jíyùn)

according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)

according referring to the Jíyùn to others

47 47 48 58 59

56 11 15 16 44 50

11 14 24 62 64 66 68 69

12 13 40 51

25 29 63

10 39 58

1 4

8* 9* 19* 22 36* 49* 57*

19 26* 32* 38* 47* 52*

5 65

55

2 44 67

17 18 23 33 35 37 64

42

27

subtotal

7

10

1

2

7

5

1

8

4

3

3

2

7

6

2

1

3

7

1

1

22nd

1 15 3 4 17 6 25 35 9 39 11 40 29 44 43

26

10 30 32

42

12

20 44 45

23

27

8

7 22 24

28

3 5 6 9 11 12

15 29 38 31

3

1

3

1

1

3

1

1

1

3

1

6

2

1

4

5

2

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

34 43 38 45 46 49 53 54 60

13* 15* 2 36 16* 14 37 18* 21 19* [33] 41

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the Yùnjìng

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the Yùnjìng

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

21

6

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

2 3 6 18 20 23 30 37 41 50

6

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the Yùnjìng

13 20 28 31 32 48 61

5

the Yùnjìng

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

21st

subtotal

only present in the Wángyùn the Qīyīn lüè

the Yùnjìng

the Wángyùn

omitted in the Wángyùn the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

bl

Mistake error

2

subtotal

te

ego cat ber m nu

no

ta

86

53

23rd

subtotal 24th

subtotal

39 4 44 45 51 54 56 81 93 112

10 23 31 40 42 68 75 87

73

32 65 83 103

1

9

8

1

4

8 30 32 55 56 78

7 20 22 27 28 36 37 47 55 56 59 75 78

1

13

5

30 8 43 32 46 37 114 61 62 76 96

92 41

13 57 48 90 69 88 89 90 97 98 108 109

19 (60) 79 84

(2) 4 53 78 82 85

7

1

10 2

4

6

12 13 16 73 77

10

40 58 62 68

17 19

(66)

5

1

2

2

1

4

1

2

5 14 27* 29* [6] (80) 7 34 [55] 51* 12* 45 94 72 83* 20 49 74 100* 24 60 100 109* 35 102* 113* 39 102 107* 111 [50] 110* 52 113* 77 86 [99] 7

3

9

6

11

(18) 33 2 (65) 5 71 69

45

14* 15* 21* 26* 63* 76*

35* 42* 46* 48* 72* 73

.1

6

6

3

1

3

1

3 9 15 16 (26) 33 (36) 47 (66) 70 (106)

59 104

-

1 2

2

118

28 73 71 25 38 101 58 67 92 93

11

5

2

6 70

20 23 30 52

28 3 31 7 68 9 11 29 36 37 38 39 57 59 60 61 75

41 34 4 43 34 44 49 51

67

2

4

3 14

4

1

1 3

84

(Continued)

Table 3.4 (Continued)

eo

error

misalignment recurrence

missing

rd e

r

2

1

3

3

4

1

6 9

1 2 14 3

subtotal

1

3

2

27th

22

8 21 23 28

29

11 12 13 14

5

24 25

subtotal

1

4

1

4

1

1

1

4* 18* 17* 28 27* 43 41* [51] 49* 71 55 72 56*

(12)

2 8 9 11 (29) 32 (35) 36

1

8

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

(1) (12) 20

1* [5] 15* 17* 25 31 42* [52] 66*

according referring to the Jíyùn to others

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

2

16

16 37 39 50

the Yùnjìng

2

8

16 3 18 4 11

7 44 34 53

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

2

1

54 66

the Yùnjìng

1

1

26 33

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

1

13 46 57 58 59 63 67 68 69

according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

1 15 17 18

14

added sinograms

according to according to referring to others the Guǎngyùn the Jíyùn (Jíyùn) the Yùnjìng

11

70

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

7 7

48

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

1

only present in the Wángyùn the Qīyīn lüè

53 2 2 6 3 22 7 33 9 53 10 54 23 55 24 25 31 36 65

the Yùnjìng

26th

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

subtotal

the Yùnjìng

the Wángyùn 25th

sinograms referred to

19 23 40 45 47 65

62 12 30 23 38 64

60

6

1

2 3

1

9

7

6

8*

7 8* 20*

19

10 13

11

1

3

1

2

1

[18] 10*

1

1

omitted in the Wángyùn the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

bl

Mistake

subtotal

te

ego cat ber m nu

no

ta

87

26

6 7 20 30

8 23

19

9

4

2

1

1

23

28th

subtotal

27 27 26 27 30 31 40 1

1

5

total of this 7 37 58 page 29th

18

3

19 24

25 37

1

2

2

17 14

21

8 13

5 7 39

24 11

4

9

24

6* [12] 41 18* 14* 42* 36* 38* 42*

16 17

20

(28) 34

15 13 15

3

1

4

1

1

3

5

1

2

1

2

8

18

6 20

9

40

38

32

8

3

36

5 37

8

7 15 21 22

29 4 32 16 18 30

11

13

2

1

1

22

14

20

1 (5) (6)

subtotal

3

5

1

1

1

3

30th

13

2 4 8

10 5

7

(12)

subtotal

1

3

1

1

1

1

31st

37 5 55 8 15 45 58 60 61 62 68 70 86 87 90

6 9 21 37 38 56 69

73 79

9 28 54 43 57 59 83

63 88

10 14 16 25 42 36 39 66 72

18 50 85

subtotal

2 13

7

2

3

2

3

3

6

8 10 11 29

17

3 16 19 20 26 26 28 30

4

6

(2) 26 (28) 58 (29) (35) (57) (68)

6

2

12 17 23 31

26

3

1

1

[10] 2* 8* 24 25* 27 1

5

4

[13]

6* 12

1

3 8 9

11

1

2

1

3

1

1 11 54 3 23 55 53 76 78 82 91

46 84 89

10* 22* 74* 75* 83

5

3

5

2

4

1 2

12* 4 24* 51 27 61 32* 64 33* 77 65* [80] 67* 71* 75*

9

6

4

6 11

39 6

37

16

7

34 39 40 41 48 56 69

13 52 19 70 81

30

31 72

1

7

4

1

2

1

526

103

(Continued)

Table 3.4 (Continued)

eo

misalignment recurrence

missing

rd e

r

1

2

2

2

5

34th

3 11 15 19 21 22 49 64 65 71

27 39 42 43

24 55

1 33

46 47

18

subtotal

10

4

1

1

2

1

1

3

1

12 61 9 31 (64) 14 55

5 16 19 36 42

4 21 7 62 8 10 40 60 66

20 34 37 50

3

5

7

2

4

4 5 14 15 16

1 3

7

5

2

6 8 (11)

1

1

3

2

1

3

1

1

1

2

2

(7)

1

(48) 5 (51) 32 12 (14) 30 56 35 36

4

6 4* [2] 8 61 9* 4* [10] 68 16* 7* 17 69 [20] 9* 25 72 33* 13* 38 44* 32* 40 47* 33* 53 50* 44* 60 70* 63 5

9

8

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

5 10

according referring to the Jíyùn to others

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

1

44* [11] 49* 56

56

the Yùnjìng

7

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

7

3

(1) (28) 24 39 51 38 65

the Yùnjìng

4 13

25 29 41 45 46 63

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

1

2

17 35 22 29 30 43 57 59

according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

12

2 3 15 21 26 48 57

added sinograms

according to according to referring the Guǎngyùn the Jíyùn to others (Jíyùn) the Yùnjìng

4 2 4 7 9 16

23 6 27 18 28 53 58

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

1

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

5

6 3 12 8

only present in the Wángyùn the Qīyīn lüè

subtotal

33 13 1 32 33 39 51 47 54 52

the Yùnjìng

33th

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

subtotal

the Yùnjìng

the Wángyùn 32nd

sinograms referred to

omitted in the Wángyùn the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

bl

Mistake error

9

1

subtotal

te

ego cat ber m nu

no

ta

75

24

(28)

1 22 23 26 34 58 62

30 39 54 66 67

43 57

29 52

41

1

7

5

2

2

1

79

35th

subtotal 36th

20 4 8 8 9 20 15 21 19 20

14

8 17 10 16

23 24 25

(13)

18*

2* 7*

17 22

6 8 19

3 9 15

5

11 26

1

5

1

3

1

3

1

1

2

2

3

3

1

2

22 12 41 21 24 35 45

23 37 40

14 16 25 30 33 33

5 21 15 28 47 31

10 1 5 19 48

2

3

1

4

2 3 4 10 13

6 38 49 51 4

3

4

39 42

2

subtotal

2

5

3

5

3

2

37th

8

6 10 22

29

28

9 26

7 19 11 20 17 21 24

19

9*

subtotal

1

3

1

1

2

4

1

1

38th

31 51 59 74 77 78

19 23 38 39 54 64

8 12 9 59 10 76 17 25

41 53 54 66 78

22 32 34 35 56 57 73

1 1 4 61 15 43

subtotal

6

6

5

5

7

4

3

4

7 36 26* 27* 11 [54] 46 50

3

2

(44) (53)

2

6 13 73 21 75

2

3

1

2

[27] (31) (25) 32

1

2* 5* 14* 18* 33* 50* [52] [68] 70*

5* 8* 17* 20* 25* 49* 58* 72* [79]

9

9

2

3* 60 11 51 63 71*

5

1

1

(17) 32 12 22 53 24 43

29 52

34

1

2

2

3

2

10 15 18 23

16 4 5

29 30

4

1

2

2

37

7 19 23 24 39 45 47 48 56 57 62 64 65

16 65 40 46 42 69

1

13

3

33

56

30

1 2

89

(Continued)

Table 3.4 (Continued)

eo

misalignment recurrence

missing

rd e

r

1

1

2

40th

subtotal

2

5 3 23 5 38 22 23 33 40 41 48

17 16 46 34 36

8 9 18 19 37

7 35 25

32

3

2

5

1

1

8

3

1

1

(8)

3 24

22*

1

2

1

(28) 24

6 13 21

11 14* 33 12* 27 15* [44] [20] 29 [21] 49* 42 43 26 50* 39*

3

4

5

1

1

1

13

31

33

32

7

8

[21] (23)

1

3

4

1

41

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

4

8 16

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

subtotal

14

8

according referring to the Jíyùn to others

the Yùnjìng

11 15 12

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

16

the Yùnjìng

13

15

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

10 4 12 24 17 18

1

according to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)

the Yùnjìng the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng 18 9

19 18

added sinograms

according to according to referring the Guǎngyùn the Jíyùn to others (Jíyùn) the Yùnjìng

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

39th

only present in the Wángyùn the Qīyīn lüè

14 31

5

the Yùnjìng

the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè

the Yùnjìng

the Wángyùn

20

total of this 6 47 47 page

sinograms referred to

18 34

12

omitted in the Wángyùn the two sets of books the Qīyīn lüè the Yùnjìng

bl

Mistake error

1 5

1

9 17 18 19 20

16

2

5

1

1

subtotal

te

ego cat ber m nu

no

ta

542

24

(2) 30 31 45 47

5

41st

4

3

6

(2)

5

3* 4*

7

subtotal

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

51

8

42nd

subtotal 43rd

subtotal

9 32 3 16 9 21 16 17

10 32

3

27

6

(9) (10) (26)

2 (14) (15)

4 8

3

2

1

1

1

3

3

2

1

4

11 2 4 42 4 12 27 44 28 39

15 29

51

18 6 25 18 26 37

6

(27) 47

3 (7) 9 30 36

19 29

2

2

1

4

2

1

2

5

2

5

3

[13] 5* 22 [13] 7* 28 25* 12* 29 [13] 19* 3

5

35* 16* 44*

2

1

18

3

1

31 48 49

33

3

1

23 1 20 24 11 26 (31) 33 5

14 1 (38) (8) 24 25 26 28 32 40 41 45 (46) 50 2`

12

2

1

20 22 23 34

5 10 12 17 52

13

21 43

4

5

1

2

44th

3

2

1

subtotal

1

1

1

7

7

total of this 8 18 10 page total

48 178 205 14

6

8

5

6

1

4

80 82

67

40 89

2

61 29

4

2 5

9

11

30

1

42

62 3

5

1

11

9

5

13

2

4

28

1 1

68

22

66 21 63

50

118 112 110 28

26

154 55 138 31 21 27

4

190

48 2058

Explanations: (1) This table is a detailed list of Table 12 so that readers can use and check the rhyme tables and their annotations, and this table also aims to provide clues to promote further research. (2) The figures in the table refer to the note numbers in the annotations of rhyme tables of this book. The numbers with parenthesis () indicate the sinograms that are consistent with the Guǎngyùn but inconsistent with the Jíyùn; the numbers with square brackets [] indicate the sinograms that are consistent with the first sinograms of minor rhymes in the Lǐbù yùnlù; the numbers with asterisks (*) indicate the sinograms that cannot be found in any dictionaries.

254

Pan Wenguo

Notes 1 In this book, anytime the three books of rhyme tables are mentioned, the order is always Wángyùn, Yùnjìng, and Qīyīn lüè. 2 The number in the parenthesis indicates the division number, similarly hereinafter.

Afterword to the Chinese Edition

The Chinese Rhyme Tables has finally been published. It has been 15 years since the first draft was completed in 1981 and 10 years since the third draft was finalized in 1986. Fifteen years is not a short time in a person’s life. In this time, my child has grown from an infant to a high school student, and I am no longer as young and vigorous as Professor Táng Zuòfān described in the foreword to the Chinese edition. What is even more lamentable is that Mr. Shǐ Cúnzhí, my mentor who guided the writing of this book, and Mr. Wú Wénqí, the famous linguist and professor at Fudan University who chaired the defense committee when this book was defended as a master’s thesis, have passed away. They will never see the publication of this book. I can recall the scene where Mr. Shǐ gave me guidance and direction with patience and eagerness and Mr. Wú talked freely about the present and past and quoted extensively at the defense meeting. I seem to still be able to hear their voices and see their smiling faces. However, we have been separated by two worlds, and I can no longer hear their teachings. Thinking of this, I cannot refrain from sadness. From conception to completion, from passing the defense to being recommended for publication, from being submitted for review to being revised, this book has been modified over the course of seven years, during which three drafts have been finished and the number of sinograms has expanded from 170,000 in the first draft to 250,000 in the final draft. However, the world is unpredictable. After the original managing editor spent over a year of hard work completing the technical editing of the book, including having the 44 rhyme tables and more than 100 pages of research and annotations copied by hand (the two parts contained many allographs, miswritten sinograms, and irregular sinograms that needed to be handwritten), the Chinese publishing industry entered a recession in the late 1980s, and the publication of the book was shelved. It was not until now, when the leaders of East China Normal University set up a fund for the publication of academic works to promote discipline construction, that the book was approved and finally given the opportunity to be published. The difficulty of publishing academic works is evident. The reason I ventured to bring out my old work from many years ago without much revision to bid for the program of “Academic Works Across the Centuries” is that I still have considerable confidence in it. I believe that this book, from its viewpoint to its approach, is not outdated. Even today, it remains worthy of study and reference by scholars in historical phonology.

256 Afterword to the Chinese Edition The book is divided into three parts. Professor Táng Zuòfān and several other professors who read the original manuscript appreciated the first and third parts more and have reservations about the second part. However, as the author, I have to state frankly that my personal preference is for the second part. I even believe that if the book is to be truly enlightening to the academic community, this part should be considered the essence of the entire book. The first part of the book argues that rhyme tables were produced in the Táng dynasty, a view that I am not the first to put forward. It has been discussed by Luó Chángpéi and Gě Yìqīng, and Mr. Gě has also proposed a rather specific time frame. What I have done is simply provide further internal and external evidence and argue from the opposite historical direction to reach the same conclusion as Mr. Gě, thus giving this conclusion the potential to be ironclad. As this research has been carried out on the basis of work done by my predecessors, it has been easily accepted, but I feel that my contribution to it is limited. As Professor Táng and several other professors have noted, the reconstruction of the ancient rhyme tables in the third part is interesting and useful. Despite the enormous amount of work that went into it (including comprehensively comparing various rhyme dictionaries and rhyme tables and examining the usage of many sinograms), I have always felt that it was only an idea that no one had thought of before. If we really want to do it, many scholars who excel at textual research and Chinese exegetics can certainly do it more handily than I. For me, the core of the book is the second part, and the first and third parts serve the second part. If the premise that the rhyme tables were produced in the Táng dynasty was to be disproven, my argument in the second part would lose support and become nonsense. On the contrary, if the conclusion of the first part does hold true, my argument in the second part has a very sound foundation. The value of the third part is that it is a logical extension and practical verification of the second part. It is also an indispensable part of the book. Yet in terms of its importance, it has to give way to the second part. What I have attempted to propose in the second part is a conclusion that is completely different from the theory of Chinese rhyme divisions as Bernhard Karlgren proposed it. In the 1920s, Karlgren published a book titled Etudes Sur La Phonologie Chinoise, which was a milestone in the study of Chinese phonology and could be said to have started a new era. This era is still far from ending. However, Karlgren received much criticism on the Chinese mainland and overseas in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which was quite sharp. Certain foreign scholars even claimed that Karlgren’s study on Chinese phonology was already outdated by the 1970s, and several well-known scholars in China, such as Wáng Lì, gave up Karlgren’s phonological reconstruction system one after the other. However, I found that most of the criticisms of Karlgren were not to the point. They modified details but left the internal essence of Karlgren’s system unchanged. It is not surprising that when I met Professor Victor H. Mair, an American sinologist, he told me that the opinions of foreign sinologists on Chinese historical phonology were all actually based on Karlgren’s system, and the differences among those opinions could be ignored. He was surprised when I told him that views on phonology of scholars in mainland China were very different from Karlgren’s, and even some scholars

Afterword to the Chinese Edition 257 like me disagreed with Karlgren’s research methods. In my opinion, the evaluation of the study of Chinese phonology since Karlgren should focus on its essence, basic ideas, and methodology. The new approach to Chinese phonology initiated by Karlgren has two major differences from Chinese phonology as it was historically done. First, it changed phonology from being literature based to being based on spoken pronunciation and even concerned with reconstruction. Second, it established the framework of Chinese phonological history by taking the Guǎngyùn as a bridge to infer and reconstruct archaic Chinese pronunciation (from the Western Zhōu dynasty to the Hàn dynasty) and connect middle Chinese pronunciation with modern pronunciation. The common core and foundation of these two differences are his phonological reconstruction of the Guǎngyùn. In terms of evidence, the basis of his phonological reconstruction of the Guǎngyùn is modern dialects and the transliteration of Sanskrit; in terms of theory, it is the study of rhyme tables, namely the theories of “four divisions from big to small apertures” and “differentiation of four divisions.” When he encountered a contradiction between evidence and theory, he chose to follow his theory of rhyme divisions. Therefore, Karlgren’s system cannot be evaluated without starting from the theory of rhyme divisions. In the early 1980s, I completed several tasks. First, I criticized Karlgren’s theory directly and published the article “A Comment on Karlgren’s Basis for the Phonological Reconstruction of the Guǎngyùn: The Theory of Four Divisions from Big to Small Apertures” in the third series of Yǔwén lùncóng in 1986, which was actually written in 1983. Second, I published the article “On a Summative System: A Further Discussion of the Nature of the Qièyùn” published in the Journal of East China Normal University (No. 4, 1986). This article opposed Karlgren’s theory that the Qièyùn was a “unitary system” yet still accepted the result of Karlgren’s phonological reconstruction. Third, I wrote this book. The first two articles can be said to be engaging in “demolition,” while this book engages in “construction.” I made my own explanation of the nature of division. Chronologically, this book was finished before the other papers. Therefore, unlike others who demolish first before constructing, I did the reverse, first determining my own position and then challenging the opposing side. This is because the matter at hand is substantial: if Karlgren’s system really is fundamentally wrong, a considerable part of the history of Chinese phonology in the twentieth century will have to be rewritten, so I have to be cautious. From a methodological perspective, Karlgren and I differ greatly. He used a natural science method, whereas I used a humanities method. In the second half of the 1980s, there was a cultural linguistics craze in mainland China. I have not put forward the slogan of “cultural linguistics,” but I am indeed a supporter and practitioner of this idea. The Chinese Rhyme Tables uses thoroughly humanistic methods. Humanistic methods emphasize the human factors—the influence of human thinking modes and psychology on research methods and results. Human thinking and psychology are restricted by national history and national cultural conditions, which have a strong sense of time and place. Therefore, specific methods must be related to the given historical conditions and cultural background. As historical and cultural conditions change, so will methods, which is my fundamental guiding

258 Afterword to the Chinese Edition principle throughout this book. Therefore, I especially focus on the historical factors, the conditions provided by history. People can’t go beyond the conditions provided by history to complete the work that only future generations can complete. At the same time, I lay stress on the claim that the ancients cannot be expected to have the same thinking methods and research conditions as modern people. Therefore, I regard the first part of this book as the prerequisite for, and theoretical foundation of, the second part. From this point of view, the basis of my argument is very “fragile”: if the “Táng dynasty assumption” is overthrown, my theory will collapse immediately. However, I firmly believe that the issue of the era when rhyme tables were produced cannot be answered without also investigating the specific phonological condition and compiling method of the era in which the tables were produced. Rhyme tables produced in the Táng or Sòng dynasties inevitably turn out to have different features. Similarly, discussing the nature of the Qièyùn as a “unitary system” or as an “inclusive system” will inevitably lead to completely different descriptions of the Qièyùn. If there are different opinions on the two systems in theory, but the same method is still used in the actual phonological reconstruction, what is the point of disagreeing about the theory? The approach of the natural sciences is quite different. It emphasizes the independence of the object of study, which can be freed from the constraints imposed on it by geography, history, and people’s conditions to a certain extent. However, Karlgren’s phonological reconstruction approach has two fatal errors. One is that, because the International Phonetic Association of Europe had just established the International Phonetic Alphabet where each cell represents a distinctive sound, he took it for granted that, in the Chinese rhyme tables, each cell must also represent a different pronunciation, and therefore he thought that there must be a phonetic difference in the process of phonological reconstruction, denying that there might be a “phonetic homophone.” This is probably due to the fact that he had been in China for just a short time. Another error is that he considered all the modern Chinese dialects directly descended from the pronunciation of the Guǎngyùn and hence used the method of finding the greatest common divisor for the phonological reconstruction of the Guǎngyùn. The reason for these errors lies in the fact that he only saw the scientific nature of phonological study without considering the human factors. I believe that the ancient Chinese sounds marked by Karlgren would have been different if his linguistic background was not European phonetics but the European phonemics that was fully developed a short time later. Since the ninettenth century, thanks to the great progress made in scientific research in Europe, scientific methodology has been used more and more frequently in language research. On the positive side, this has enabled linguistics to be studied independently of other subjects. It no longer needs to be studied alongside the humanities. On the negative side, it has distanced language research methods from their users, human beings. After heading into the twentieth century, the scientific approach to language research reached its peak, with the development from structuralism to transformative generative linguistics. At the same time, this approach also revealed its shortcomings, which led to a revival of humanistic methods

Afterword to the Chinese Edition 259 (sociolinguistics, anthropolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and cognitive-functional linguistics in Europe and the United States and cultural linguistics and folk linguistics in China). At the beginning of the twentieth century, Chinese language studies, influenced by European linguistics, gave rise to two distinguished disciplines: grammar and phonology. The former was introduced to us from the West by Mǎ Jiànzhōng (马建忠), while the latter was brought to China by Karlgren, a Westerner. Both of them held that the study of language was characterized by its universality and natural scientific features. In reflections on cultural linguistics in the 1980s, many people expressed their strong dissatisfaction with the fact that the study of Chinese grammar had deviated from the humanistic spirit of Chinese studies and not been in line with the reality of the Chinese language ever since the release of Mǎshì Wéntōng (马氏文通 An introduction to Western grammar by Mǎ Jiànzhōng). However, few have been dissatisfied with the fact that Chinese phonology has made the same deviation from the humanistic tradition and fallen into a new kind of “mysterious learning,” becoming more and more disconnected from reality. (This is at the same time that it has claimed to get rid of the old “mysterious learning”—the dazzling game of phonetic symbols.) This is really a pity. In his later years, Zhāng Zhìgōng (张志公), who had led the study of Chinese grammar for decades, noted that the current system of Chinese grammar was basically inconsistent with the reality of the Chinese language. Similarly, Wèi Jiàngōng (魏建功), who had been studying phonology all his life, told the students who visited him in the hospital on his deathbed that Chinese phonology was a “pseudoscience.” The reflections of these two highly esteemed scholars, who spent their lives in the field, are worth our deep thought. To finish, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the following professors and scholars who have shown their concern for the writing and publication of this book for more than 10 years and who have provided many valuable comments. I am grateful to Professor Lǐ Sījìng (李思敬) of the Commercial Press, who wrote a long letter to me 15 years ago when he was sick on the night he received the first draft of this book, for which I am deeply indebted. I also want to thank Professor Lǔ Guóyáo (鲁国尧) of Nánjīng University; Professor Níng Jìfú (宁继 福), research fellow at the Jilin Academy of Social Sciences; Professor Yáng Nàisī (杨耐思), research fellow at China’s Academy of Social Sciences; Professor Wāng Shòumíing (汪寿明) of East China Normal University; and Professor Lǐ Yìfū (李毅夫) of Qūfù Normal University, who have shown their concern for this book on different occasions. I also extend my sincere thanks to Táng Zuòfān (唐作藩), professor at Peking University and president of the Chinese Association for Phonological Studies, who carefully reviewed the first draft of this book more than a decade ago and was invited by the publisher to write a wonderful foreword, which adds considerable charm to the book. I was particularly touched when Professor Táng enthusiastically encouraged me, even though he did not fully agree with the ideas I presented in the second part of this book. With his generosity and spirit of encouraging younger scholars, he also encouraged his graduate students to come to Shanghai to have academic discussions with me. When the book was about to be

260 Afterword to the Chinese Edition published, I wrote to Professor Táng again, asking him if it was necessary to revise the foreword. Professor Táng replied to me on January 14, 1996, saying, After much consideration, I think it’s better to maintain the foreword of 8 years ago, for it has witnessed history. It shows that this book has been tested for a long time. Its overall objective value has not changed. If there is any change, it means that more people will understand and appreciate it. After its publication, it will benefit more people. His appreciation and encouragement are as great as ever. I give my special thanks to Liú Jǐngyún (刘景云) from the Shanghai Classics Publishing House, who was the managing editor of this book and worked for many years to publish it, and Jiāng Hànchūn (姜汉椿) of East China Normal University Press, the current managing editor, who has also put considerable effort into the publication of this book. I give further thanks to East China Normal University and the East China Normal University Press, the members of the Fund for the Publication of Scholarly Works Across the Centuries, and the reviewers. Without their farsighted decisions and efforts, this book would not have been published. Pān Wénguó (潘文国 潘文国) at Liwa River in Qiúsuǒ Study (求索斋 求索斋) February 1996

Bibliography

Gù Yěwáng 顧野王. Yùpiān (玉篇 Jade Text). Tokyo: Dōngfāng Wénhuà Xuéyuàn 東方文 化學院 Oriental Culture Academy, 1935. Kāngxī zìdiǎn (康熙字典 Kāngxī Dictionary). Kāngxī zìdiǎn (康熙字典 Kāngxī Dictionary). Beijing: Zhōnghuá Shūjú 中華書局 Zhonghua Book Company, 1958. Lǐ Guāngdì 李光地 and Wáng Lánshēng 王蘭生. Yīnyùn chǎnwēi (音韻闡微 An Exposition of Chinese Phonology). Beijing: Shāngwù Yìnshūguǎn 商務印書館 The Commercial Press, 1936. Liáng Sēngbǎo 梁僧寶. Qièyùn qiúméng (切韻求蒙 The Rhyme Classification of Sinograms for Enlightenment of the Qièyùn). Beijing: Gǔjí Chūbǎnshè 古籍出版社 Chinese Classics Publishing House, 1955. Liú Fú 劉複. Shíyùn huìbiān (十韻彙編 A Compilation of ten Rhyme Dictionaries). Beijing: Guólì běijīng dàxué chūbǎnzǔ 國立北京大學出版組 Peking University Publishing Team, 1936. Lù Fǎyán 陸法言. Qièyùn (切韻 The proper rhyme dictionary). Yangzhou: Jiāngsū Guǎnglíng Gǔjí Kèyìnshè 江蘇廣陵古籍刻印社 Guangling Chinese Classics Publishing House of Jiangsu, 1987. Sòng Lián 宋濂. Piānhǎi lèibiān (篇海类编 A Collection of Ancient Sinogram Dictionaries). Beijing: Quánguó Túshūguǎn Wénxiàn Suōwēi Zhōngxīn 全国图书馆文献缩微 中心 China National Microfilming Center for Library Resources, 1994. Sūn Miǎn 孫愐. Sūnmiǎn tángyùn (孫愐唐韻 Rhymes of the Táng dynasty written by Sūn Miǎn). Yangzhou: Jiāngsū Guǎnglíng Gǔjí Kèyìnshè 江蘇廣陵古籍刻印社 Guangling Chinese Classics Publishing House of Jiangsu, 1984. Wáng Rénxù 王仁昫. Tángxiěběn wángrénxù kānmiù bǔquē qièyùn (唐寫本王仁昫刊謬補 缺切韻 A Revised and Expanded Qièyùn by Wáng Rénxù Copied in the Táng dynasty). Beijing: Guólì Běipíng Gùgōng Bówùyuàn 國立北平故宮博物院, 1947. Xǔ Shèn 許慎. Shuōwén jiězì (说文解字 Origins of Sinograms). Beijing: Shāngwù Yìnshūguǎn 商務印書館 The Commercial Press, 1936. Yáng Xiūzhī 陽休之. Yùnlüè (韻略 A Concise Rhyme Dictionary). Yangzhou: Jiāngsū Guǎnglíng Gǔjí Kèyìnshè 江蘇廣陵古籍刻印社 Guangling Chinese Classics Publishing House of Jiangsu, 1987. Zhāng Zìliè 张自烈. Zhèngzì tōng (正字通 A Sinogram Dictionary on the Basis of Graphical Organizational Structure). Beijing: Zhōngguó gōngrén chūbǎnshè 中国工人出版社, 1996. Zhèng Qiáo 鄭樵. Qīyīn lüè (七音略 A Compendium of Seven-Type Initials). Taibei: Yìwén Yìnshūguǎn 藝文印書館 Yee wen Publishing Company Limited, 1976.

Index

Note: numbers in bold indicate a table. 1st table: The 通 tōng rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 35–36, 156–158 2nd table: The 通 tōng rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 37–38, 158–160 3rd table: The 江 jiāng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 39–40, 161 4th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 41–42, 162–163 5th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 42–44, 163–165 6th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 45–46, 165–166 7th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 47–48, 166–167 8th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 49–50, 167–168 9th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 51–52, 168–169 10th table: The 止 zhǐ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 53–54, 169 11th table: The 遇 yù rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 55–56, 169–170 12th table: The 遇 yù rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 57–59, 171–173 13th table: The 蟹 xiè rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 60–62, 173–176 14th table: The 蟹 xiè rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 63–65, 176–178 15th table: The 蟹 xiè rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 66–67, 178–179 16th table: The 蟹 xiè rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 68–69, 179–181 17th table: The 臻 zhēn rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 70–72, 179–185 18th table: The 臻 zhēn rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 73–75, 185–188

19th table: The 臻 zhēn rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 76–77, 188 20th table: The 臻 zhēn rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 78–79, 188–189 21st table: The 山 shān rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 80–82, 189–192 22nd table: The 山 shān rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 83–85, 192–194 23rd table: The 山 shān rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 86–89, 194–200 24th table: The 山 shān rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 90–93, 200–203 25th table: The 效 xiào rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 94–96, 203–206 26th table: The 效 xiào rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 97–98, 207 27th table: The 果 ɡuǒ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 99–100, 208 28th table: The 果 ɡuǒ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 101–102, 209–210 29th table: the 假 jiǎ rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 103–105, 210–212 30th table: The 假 jiǎ rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 106–107, 212 31st table: The 鹹 xián rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 108–111, 212–216 32nd table: The 鹹 xián rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 112–115, 216–219 33th table: The 鹹 xián rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 116–117, 219–220 34th table: The 宕 dànɡ rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 118–121, 220–223 35th table: The 宕 dànɡ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 122–123, 223–224 36th table: The 梗 gěng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 124–126, 224–226

Index  263 37th table: The 梗 gěng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 127–129, 226–228 38th table: The 梗 gěng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 130–133, 228–231 39th table: The 梗 gěng rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 134–135, 232–233 40th table: The 流 liǔ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 136–138, 233–235 41st table: The 流 liǔ rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 139–141, 235 42nd table: The 深 shēn rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 151–144, 236–237 43rd table: The 曾 céng rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 145–147, 237–239 44th table: The 曾 céng rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 148–149, 239 ancient rhyme tables, catalog of 34 annotations to the rhyme tables 156–239; index with the Reference of Categories and Table 240–253; see also rhyme tables; [tables by number] céng 曾 rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 145–149, 237–239 Chén Lǐ 4 Chinese phonology see phonology dànɡ 宕 rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 118–123, 220–224 dialects, Chinese 5, 257–258 Děngyùn jílüè (Páng Dàkūn) 4, 5, 29 Děngyùn qièyīn zhǐnán 4 Fāng Shū 6 gěng 梗 rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 124–135, 224–233 Gě Yìqīng 20, 24, 256 Guǎngyùn 4–7, 9–13, 26–29, 32–33; “According to Guǎngyùn 13, 18–19, 22; annotations to the rhyme tables 156–253; “Added Sinograms” from 23; rhyme headings of 150–156; Rhyme  Tables in Five Initial Categories (Shì Yuánchōng (釋元冲) collected in the Sòngshǐ: yìwénzhì, dating of based on 20; Qièyùn qiúméng compiled using Guǎngyùn as guideline 16; sinograms classified

as “According to the Guǎngyùn (Jíyùn)” 13, 18–19, 22; sinogram 硬 yìng 18 ɡuǒ 果 rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 99–102, 208–210 Gǔyì cóngshū (古逸叢書 A collection of uncompiled ancient books) 14 Hán Dàozhāo 4 Huángjí jīngshì jiě qǐshùjué rhyme table 3, 5–6, 14, 23; preface by Zhù Bì 5 Huángjí jīngshì: shēngyīn chànghétú (皇極 經世·聲音倡和圖 A rhyme table reflecting the dialectal pronunciations of Biànliáng and Luòyáng of the Sòng dynasty in the Huángjí jīngshì) (Shào Yōng) 5 International Phonetic Association of Europe 258 International Phonetic Alphabet 258 jiǎ 假 rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 103–107, 210–212 jiāng 江 rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 39–40, 161 Jiāng Yǒng 4 Jīngshǐ zhèngyīn qièyùn zhǐnán rhyme table 3–4, 10 Kāngxī dictionary 4 Karlgren, Bernhard 256–259 Liáng Sēngbǎo 4, 5, 16 Lǐbù yùnlüè 5–6, 13, 14, 15, 22–23 Lǐ Guāngdì 李光地 4 Lǐ Sījìng (李思敬) 259 liǔ 流 rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 136–141, 233–235 Lǐ Xīnkuí 7–8 Lǐ Yìfū (李毅夫) 259 Lǔ Guóyáo (鲁国尧) 259 Luó Chángpé 256 Mair, Victor H. 256 Mǎ Jiànzhōng (马建忠) 259 Mǎshì Wéntōng (马氏文通 An introduction to Western grammar) (Mǎ Jiànzhōng) 259 Páng Dàkūn 4, 5, 15, 17, 29 phonetic homophone 258

264  Index phonetics 258–259 phonology: Chinese 256–257, 259; historical 255 Píngshuǐ rhyming system 4 Qièsān 24, 156–157, 162–171, 173, 176–179, 181–182, 188–189, 192, 208–209, 211–214, 216–217, 219–222, 226, 231–233, 326 Qièyùn series of rhyme dictionaries 3–4, 33 Qièyùn kǎo: wàipiān (Chén Lǐ) 4 Qièyùn qiúméng (Liáng Sēngbǎo) 4, 16 Qièyùntú 20, 20, 29, 33 Qièyùn zhǐzhǎngtú rhyme table 3–10, 31, 33 Qīng dynasty 5, 16, 27, 29 Qīyīn lüè rhyme table 3; annotations to the rhyme tables 156–253; “Both are the Same” (Yùnjìng and Qīyīn lüè) 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18; historical period of development of 11–15; sinograms added to 18; situation resulting from the comparison of the three books of rhyme tables including 27; statistical study of the inconsistencies between the Yùnjìng, Qīyīn lüè, and Wángyùn 12 rhyme gathering, reconstruction of sixteen 150–155 rhyme tables, ancient: catalog of 34; omparison of the three books of rhyme tables 27; extant, overview of 3–24; historical period in which rhyme tables developed 11–15; historical strata of development of 20, 18–24; initial categories in 150; principles and methods used to reconstruct 26–29; problems with, and addictions to 15–18; reconstructed 30–33, 34, 35–149; statistical study of the inconsistencies between the Yùnjìng, Qīyīn lüè, and Wángyùn 12 Rhyme Tables in Five Initial Categories (Shì Yuánchōng 釋元冲) 20 shān 山 rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 80–93, 189–203 Shào Yōng 5 shēn 深 rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 151–144, 236–237

Shì Yuánchōng 釋元冲 20 Sìbù bèiyào 14, 17, 161, 189, 198, 202, 212, 213, 221 Sìbù cóngkān (四部 叢刊 series of classics in four sectors) 14 Sìkù quánshū zhēnběn chūjí 14, 25n3 sinogram: 東 dōng rhyme group 7–9; added 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252; allograph 156–157, 166, 176, 234, 239, 255; irregular 255; misaligned 12, 12, 13, 16–17; missing 12, 12; misplaced 12; mistake (error, missing, recurrence) 12, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252; miswritten 12, 14–15, 17–18, 21, 24, 155–239, 255; multiple status 14–15; “recurrence” 13; selection of 6 “Sinograms Referred To” 12, 13, 15, 22, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252 Sìshēng děngzǐ rhyme table 3 Sìshēng qièyùnbiǎo (四聲切韻表 Table of the Qièyùn of the four tones) (Jiāng Yǒng) 4 Sìshēng yùnpǔ (四聲韻譜 Rhyme spectrum of the four tones) 4 Sòngshǐ: yìwénzhì 20 Suí dynasty 4 Táng dynasty 3–7, 9–16, 18–24, 26–32; see  also Qièyùntú Tángwǔdài yùnshū jícún (Zhōu Zǔmó) 14 Tángyùn 18, 24, 28, 32, 33, 170, 172–173, 175–176, 178, 184, 186–190, 192, 194, 196–199, 203, 206, 212, 214–216, 218–219, 221–222 Táng Zuòfān (唐作藩) 259–260 tōng 通 rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 35–38, 156–160 Wáng’èr 18, 24, 28, 156–158, 161–173, 175, 177–179, 183, 186, 188–189 192–194, 197–199, 203, 205–209, 211–214, 216–217, 219–222, 224, 226, 230–234, 236–237, 239 Wáng Lánshēng 王蘭生 4 Wáng Lì 256 Wāng Shòumíing (汪寿明) 259 Wángyī 18, 24, 156, 163–164, 166–173, 175–177, 179, 182–184, 186–187, 192–193, 195–198, 203–209, 211–220, 226, 230, 233–234, 236–239

Index  265 Wángyùn 3, 5, 6, 12, 18, 22, 24, 26; annotations to the rhyme tables 156–253; “Missing in Wángyùn” 13; “Omitted in Wángyùn” 19, 28; “Only Present in Wángyùn” 20, 27; situation resulting from the comparison of the three books of rhyme tables including 27; statistical study of the inconsistencies etween the Yùnjìng, Qīyīn lüè, and Wángyùn 12 Wèi Jiàngōng (魏建功) 259 Wǔyīn jíyùn (Hán Dàozhāo) 4 xián 鹹 rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 108–117, 212–220 xiào 效 rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 94–98, 203–207 xiè 蟹 rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 60–69, 173–181 Yáng Nàisī (杨耐思) 259 Yáng Tán 6, 25n3 yin-yang divination theory 6

Yīnyùn chǎnwēi (音韻闡微 An exposition of Chinese phonology) (Lǐ Guāngdì (李光地) and Wáng Lánshēng (王蘭生) 4 Yùnjìng rhyme table 3; annotations to the rhyme tables 156–253; situation resulting from the comparison of the Three Books of Rhyme Tables including 27; statistical study of the inconsistencies between the Yùnjìng, Qīyīn lüè, and Wángyùn 12 Yùnjìng yánjiū. (Lǐ Xīnkuí) 7–8 yù 遇 rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 55–59, 169–173 Zhāng Zhìgōng (张志公) 259 Zhèng Qiáo 5, 17, 20 zhēn 臻 rhyme of the outer zhuǎn 70–79, 179–189 zhǐ 止 rhyme of the inner zhuǎn 41–54, 162–169 Zhōu Zǔmó 14 Zhù Bì 5, 6, 23