Syntax of Classical Greek From Homer to Demosthenes [2]

Citation preview

vSyntax of

X3iMaii^t!ifiJi.^.f'\'

Classical GrEek n^ BASIL LANNKAU

(il

LDERSLEEVE^«« '^

it

1>' TWO

^'^:>['

/.'

5^t5i>C

This book

is

DUE

on

tlie

NOV i 1 1959

URL

MAY 1ft

lOANS

DATE OF THREE WEEKS FROM

RtCtlk^l

NQN.RENEWABLE^I^ P?(/i/-i3

Form

L-9-5(/i-7,'22

last

date stamded below

SYNTAX OF

CLASSICAL GREEK FROM HOMER TO DEMOSTHENES Second Part

THE SYNTAX OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE CONTINUED EMBRACING

THE DOCTRINE OF THE ARTICLE

BASIL LANNEAU GILDERSLEEVE WITH THE CO-OPERATION OF

CHARLES WILLIAM EMIL MILLER OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY

The Doctrine of the Article elaborated

by Professor Miller

iW^

NEW YORK

•

:

•

CINCINNATI

•

:

•

CHICAGO

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

7 3 5-v9

Copyright,

.

L.

191.1,

by

GILDERSLEEVE.

Entered at Stationers' Hall, London. CREEK SYNTAX. \v. p. I

A

PREFACE The

part of this Greek Syntax

is a fragment of a larger Greek Series, which was abandoned for good and sufficient reasons, and it lay in print for some time unpublished. Finally, yielding to the representations of those who were interested in my grammatical work, I gave it to the scholarly world as a specimen of my method of treating a subject about which n» my studies had revolved for many years. That method demands repeated reading and repeated sifting, and the utmost ^1 bound of my hope was the continuation of the general plan by other hands and the acceptance by competent judges of the The framework, as constituted in my 00 results already gained. J Latin Grammar, which was built on the same lines, has been The details of my special Greek studies in use for a lifetime. "* are accessible in various publications, so that any one who finds aught worth adopting either in general plan or in individual formula can readily avail himself of what I have done for the

scheme

first

of a

.

'

furtherance of syntactical study.

3

"

This second of the original

my own

;

Professor

part, like the first, is

work and the

text

but whereas in the

is

first

based on the manuscript

with some sUght exceptions part the

contributions

Miller were merely supplementary,

in the

of

second

and especially in the treatment of the article, the collecand the sorting of the examples have been carried out with his characteristic fulness and accuracy, so that I desire that all credit be given to him for the value of this segment The disparateness of the of the work as a repository of facts. two parts was inevitable under the circumstances, and the delay occasioned by the cooperation has been so great that it has part,

tion

seemed best

at this point to dissolve the partnership,

maintained

PREFACE

iv

for SO

many

years, as

it

would have been dissolved at any rate An outline of what remains

in the natural course of things. is in

progress, and though

match the hope to commit myself to

it

is

high time that

human

I

cut

down long

life, I

do not hesitate

to a plan that involves little

more than the

brief space of

shaping of material already in hand.

Basil L. The Johns Hopkins

University,

Baltlmore.

Gildersleeve.

CONTENTS OF PART

II

Simple Sentence Expanded, 468 sqq. Multiplication of Subject, 469 sijq. Concord of Predicate with Combined Subjects, 469 sqq. Concord in Number, 469 sqq. Verb and Adjective in Plural, 469. Singular Verb with Neuter Subjects, 470. Plural Verb with Neuter Subjects, 471.

,

Singular Predicate agreeing with Nearest or

Predicate in Dual, 472.

€

Most Important Subject, 473. of Subjects, 477.

by Disjunctives, 479 sq. in Gender, 481.

Concord Concord

in Person,

482

Subjects connected by Comparative

. 474.

Attraction of Copula by Predicate, 476.

with Genitive, 475.

Unity

Singular Subjects connected

478.

sq.

Qualification of the Subject,

484 sqq.

487.

Genitive Case, 488.

490.

Adverbs, 491.

Chief Forms of Attribute, 485.

Equiva-

Substantives denoting Rank, Age, Trade,

lents of the Adjective, 486.

Dative, 489.

Prepositions with their Cases,

Concord of the Adjective Attribute, 492 sqq. Exceptions, 493 sqq. Plural with a Plural Substantive, Adjective Avith Dual Substantive, 494. Masculine Dual Forms for the Feminine, 496. Agreement accord495. Variations in Participial Concord, 498.

ing to Sense, 497.

Deviation in

Concord of Pronouns, 499. Agreement with a Synonym, 500. Neuter Pronouns referring to Masculine or Feminine Substantives, 501. Plural Agreement of Common Adof Neuter Pronouns for tlie Singular, 502. jective Attribute, 503.

Repetition of the

Common

Attribute, 504.

Separation of Attribute from

Position of the Adjective Attribute, 505 sqq.

Position of Adjectives used Partitively, 507.

Substantive, 506.

of

Common

Peculiar

The

Forms

of the Adjective Attribute, 513 sqq.

Article, 514 sqq.

6

Substantive Use of the Article, 515 sqq. 55• Substantive Article preceded by

,

, , , , , ,

expressed

TO

5-7•

.

.

.

°s


(So 22. Hell. (So Conv. 4? 3•

2 ^ , 7? 2 :

^ :

:

:

WITH

ARTICI.l•:

4>

.

941

^ '' ;.

(So

Ata.

Occ.

4,

-4•

6.

I,

Ach. 59=

:

6,

£1

I,

.

.

47°' clscw.).

.^.

543•

Use of Article

,

an epithet

neither (fixity of

Auos

.

17:

TllUC.

Dem.

141:

18,

botJi

.

)

.. ?

24. 121

Atos

..

25

4> 8,

, 3>

6

4 (543)•

.

/7.

Nub. 817

:

of

:

God and

'.. .

7» 8,

4

:

103, 2

:

,

.

. . / ^. . . 2,

y

:

Rpb.

)

^

:

-

130:

, '. . 1. 189

545•

Article omitted witJi both

Dem.

25, 34:

PHato, Euthyd. 302

:

:

Eccl.

1045

(

=

:

Name

of

^. ). a

(= 8)

^^''^?

1

. 3?

~'

9•

''

L. 13. 2

:

^'

. ^. .; ' '

66:

6,

^.

/.

£

Try

(sc.

-

—

Adjectival names of 547• Article with Names of Countries. countries and of urban territories require the article, but names of countries in -ta that are identical

The

with the feminines of related adjectives fluctuate.

^ . (

general exceptions hold good as

tions (568),

and the common

'

s

' -. ..

..( Tnrc.

h

*''"**5

the article.) kv KiXiKCqi

and

the classical period

to the

predicate (666), enumera-

article (603).

is

Dem .(),2J.

•

(Urban territory), always takes IsOC. 4. 33• An. , 2. 2i,but in the same section

8. 24,

does not require the

the only adjective.)

article,

though

in

A

A

ARTICLE Wrni NAMES

;/

' ,

DiiM.

;

Hint

(.

g. 26.

article.)

now mlhul

is

.

.

its

.

: :

.

8

.

.

.

,

Tiiuc

(^. ,

predicate.)

in

€ls

.

(Omission

.

(«'

(Omission

ii recce.

.

8, 6, 7.

COUNTRIES

01•

not adjectival, and tiiercfore dcxs not rtquire

is

tts

Cvr.

:

article.)

'AypaU Time. Hdt. Time. Time. lidt. /it'i (tiuctuatcs) Xen. Hdt. 'Apyua: Xen. Time. 'Ap/xevto, (fluctuates): Xen. Hdt. (fluctuates): Xen. Hdt. TLKij•. Din. Lycurg. Hyp. Dem. Aeschin. Isoc. Lys. Plat. Xen. Time. Hdt. Ar. \\//.

[47] 20.

37•

.

•

{sim. 12, 53• 97•

40:

59•

«Vi

20,

^[34] 6.

cv

173

2,

10:

49• ev

.

%'

:

^

. fr.

€

18, 2:

(see above)

. {sim.

(s/iit. 7,

:

18, 50)•

301:

'^^ ^ € .

•

.

ISOC. 4> 42 (sim. 18, 59• 61).

.

•

. ?, ^. : .

without article in an enumeration.

iVei^r/TO €v

19: fv

6,

?

.

•

''"V*'

CV

32.

, 40:

«£9

:

6^"

-°:•

:

.

[58] 55)•

Aeschin.

€

^9' 280: [53] 17)• [48] 27. [52] 8). [47] 62.

{siiit.

149)•

.

.

300: rov

iS,

4).

207:

.

.

GREEK SYNTAX

of these an

. ';. . (sim. 90 to. 12: . . 14- « 33• . ,4 . (not the party but the money-lenders ' AXDOC. . (sc . 45 . . . . \ ' . , 6: Plato, . . Menex. 243: 3^4 C ^• Rpb. 327 . 439 ^ . '. Conv. , 2: , , 35 "« . 14: ' ^^ . {sim. .)). 38 4'^-^obis. 5'»9• . (j/w. , 2). ... . . 36)• , 35 ^ 26 (so but Dindorf ' . 9= "" .). 33)• . . {sim. 2. 34)• .

(j/w.

=

4,

22.

5> 4,

17

90, 4)•

2,

2, 4,

5, 2,

4:"

2, 4,

3• 5>

1,4. >3

{sim.

^'^

7?

2, 2,

.

:

('•/•

4»

(cf. 2, 4^

:

2,

•

2, 4, 25.

23•

2, 2, 2.

21

2,

:

''*

--'•

.

:

(j'/w. 8).

'

at P.').

8l

:

Gilbert,

2. 3•

3''

'

P.,''

.

.

:

(-

II

:

•

7,

4, 12

82

29,

Tov

".

:

attached to the name.

('•

.

257 -

21

is

//>//. 53•^

Plato, Phaedr. 229 A: hcvp

Tim.

head of the sentence.

2, 35•

.

/. € ').

i\'

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

)

ThuC.

2,

.

Ilipparcli. 3. 2:

.

4:

iVftStti/ Bk

.

.

.

.

6,

.

29:

4,

///yi/

.

.

.

.

'Efjijwv

05 'E/j/xal?

tt/jo?

(sc.

2,

1

7,