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English Pages [556] Year 1985
ROMAN JAKOBSON SELECTED WRITINGS VI
VI
Early Slavic Paths and Crossroads Edited, with a preface, by Stephen Rudy
P A R T TWO M E D I E V A L S L A V I C STUDIES 1985
MOUTON PUBLISHERS BERLIN · NEW YORK · AMSTERDAM
CIΡ-Kurztitelaufnahme
der Deutschen
Bibliothek
Jakobson, Roman: Selected writings/Roman Jakobson. - Berlin; New York; Amsterdam: Mouton NE: Jakobson, Roman: [Sammlung] 6. Jakobson, Roman: Early Slavic paths and crossroads. Pt. 2 (1985) Jakobson, Roman: Early Slavic paths and crossroads/[Roman Jakobson] . Ed., with a pref., by Stephen Rudy. - Berlin; New York; Amsterdam: Mouton (Selected writings/Roman Jakobson; 6) NE: Rudy, Stephen [Hrsg.]; HST Pt. 2. Medieval Slavic studies. - 1985 ISBN 3-11-010606-X
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Jakobson, Roman, 1 8 9 6 - 1 9 8 2 Early Slavic paths and crossroads. (Selected writings / Roman Jakobson ; 6) English, Czech, French, Polish, and Russian. Includes bibliographies and indexes. Contents: pt. 1. Comparative Slavic studies - the Cyrillo-Methodian tradition - pt. 2. Medieval Slavic studies. 1. Slavic philology — Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Civilization, Slavic - Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Rudy, Stephen. II. Title. III. Title: Early Slavic paths and cross roads. IV. Series: Jakobson, Roman, 1896-1982. Selections. 1962 ; 6. P217.J3 vol. 6 410s 84-20792 [PG41] [891.8] Part 1: ISBN 0 - 8 9 9 2 5 - 0 5 0 - 5 Part 2: ISBN 0-89925-062-9
Printed on acid free paper
© Copyright 1985 by Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin. All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photoprint, microfilm, or any other means — nor transmitted nor translated into a machine language without written permission from the publisher. Typesetting: H Charlesworth & Co Ltd, Huddersfield, England. — Printing: Druckerei Gerike GmbH, Berlin. — Binding: Lüderitz & Bauer, Buchgewerbe GmbH, Berlin — Printed in Germany.
CONTENTS
Preface (Stephen Rudy)
IX
PART ONE COMPARATIVE SLAVIC STUDIES. THE CYRILLO-METHODIAN TRADITION. The Kernel of Comparative Slavic Literature
1
I. The Common Patrimony of the Slavic Languages and Its Influence on Poetic Form, 1. — II. The Common Slavic Oral Tradition, 22. — III. The Common Slavic Written Tradition, 34. — IV. Some Implications, 50.
Slavism as a Topic of Comparative Studies
65
I. Aims of Comparative Slavic Linguistics, 65. — II. Comparative Slavic Literature, 67. — III. Church Slavonic Tradition, 68. — IV. Some Impediments to Slavic Studies, 69. — V. Comparative Studies in Slavic Ideology, 71. — VI. Cyrillo-Methodian Slavism, 72. — VII. Slavism in the Late Middle Ages, 72. — VIII. Slavism under the Czech Reformation, 74. — IX. Slavism of the Polish Golden Age, 76. — X. Slavism under Turkish Expansion, 77. — XI. Slavism in the Modern Period, 80. — XII. Summary and Conclusion, 85.
H 3 5J3bIKOBe/IHeCKHX pa3üyMHH HaΛ O Ô m H M H OCOÔeHHOCTHMH Π033ΗΗ CJiaBflHCKHX HapOflOB
Bejimcaa Mopaena
HJIH
BejiHKaa Hafl MopaeoH?
86
.
.
.
.
95
The Byzantine Mission to the Slavs
101
The Beginning of National Self-Determination in Europe .
115
The Czech Part in Church Slavonic Culture
129
Saint Constantin et la langue syriaque Minor Native Sources for the Early History of the Slavic Church
153 159
I. The Slavic Mission in the Russian Primary Chronicle, 159. — II. The Beginnings of Moravian and Bohemian Christianity in Czech-Latin Legends, 166. — III. The Prolog Legends of the Slavic Apostles, 179. — Publications Cited, 186.
VI
CONTENTS
Saint Constantine's Prologue to the Gospels
191
r i o x B a j i a KoHCTaHTHHa Hjiocoi CTHXOTBOPHMX φορΜ: Hradecky Rukopis, 480. — III. CraBxa Ha coxpaHeHHe simnecKoro xaHOHa: Velká Legenda o Sv. Katerinë, 498.
Glosy k Legendè o Sv. Prokopu
528
CTapOHeillCKHe CTHXOTBOpeHHH, CJIOaceHHbie ΟΛΗΟρΗφΜβΗΗΜΜΗ
HeTBepocTHUiHaMH (8a-4)
538
I. "Kunhutina pisen". ripHHitHnu eepci^HKauHH: AicueHTOJiormi. CTHX "KyHryTHHOH ne«™" h ee jiaTHHCKoro npoTOTHna, 538. — II. "Kunhutina piseñ" Η MOJiHTBa "Vitaj, mily Jezu Kriste". PeMHHHCitemxHH H3 "KyHr. necHH" Β neuicKOH Π033ΗΗ XIV Β., 549. — III. CTHxoTBopeHHJi "O smrtedlnosti" η "O bohatcí". Hx BsaHMOOTHOuieHHe, 551. — IV. "O smrtedlnosti" η "Kunhutina piseñ", 560. — V. "O smrtedlnosti" Η "O bázni Bozi". PeMHHHCueHUHH H3 CTHXOTB. "O smrtedlnosti" Β neuicKoìi πο33ΗΗ XIV Β., 563. — VI. MeCTO CXa30BbIX JIHpHHeCKHX CTHXOTBOpeHHH, CJlOJKeHHblX ΟΛΗΟρπφΜεΗHblMH leTBepOCTHUIHXMH, CpeflH CrapOHeiUCKHX CTHXOTBOpHblX naMXTHHKOB, 567. — VII. Legenda o sv. Katerinë Aicy6a, 571. — VIII. CrapoiemcicHe n e c H H , CJIOXCeHHbie ΟΑΗθρΗφΜβΗΗΙ>ΙΜΗ HeTBepOCTHIlIHSMH, 575. — IX. necHH, 6jIH3KHe pHTMHHeCKH C K a 3 0 B b I M JIHpHieCKHM ΟϋΗΟρΗφΜβΗΗΜΜ MeTBepOCTHUIHUM, 579. X . MeTonojiorHHecKHe BHBOÌU>I, 580.
Kunhutina skladba a modlitby Milicovy
584
Two Old Czech Poems on Death
589
I. Two Old Czech Poems on Death, 589. — II. Reconstruction of Spor duse s télem, 615. — III. Reconstruction of O nebezpecném casu smrli, 639. — IV. Czech Notes to the Reconstructed Spor, 650. — V. Czech Notes to the Reconstructured O nebezpecném casu smrli, 655. — VI. Bibliography, 657.
An Old Czech Poem on Original Sin
659
Medieval Mock Mystery (The Old Czech Unguentarius)
666
On the Paths Toward Czech Gothic Poetry
691
IlaMHTH B a q e c j i a e a B s n e c j i a B O B i r a a TarncH
696
Remarks on the Poetry of the Hussite Era
704
I. "The Bronze Age of Czech Poetry", 704. — II. "Divina Officia in Lingua Prohibita", 708. — III. Signum et Signatum, 722. — IV. "Together Many Artisans Have Established a New School", 726. — V. "Every Voice Whatsoever Shall Ring!", 728.
Vili
CONTENTS
A Silesian-Polish cantilena inhonesta from the beginning of the Early Fifteenth Century
738
Cesky vliv na stredovëkou literaturu polskou
773
Szczupak po polsku
782
Vyznam ruské filologie pro bohemistiku
792
PyccKHe
815
OTTOJIOCKH
flpeBHeneincKHx
Π3ΜΗΤΗΗΚΟΒ O JIio^MHjie .
Some Russian Echoes of the Czech Hagiography .
.
.
.
820
I. The Translation of St. Venceslav's Relics, 820. — II. The Hermit Ivan and John the Baptist, 833. — III. Adolf the Martyr, 841.
Cessivi Komenského
846
Slovanské duchovní dëjiny ν pojetí Jana Amóse Komenského .
850
Ms pa3bicKaHHÍí Hafl CTapOHeiucKHMH rjioccaMH Β cpeflHeeeKOBbix eepeiicKHx naM«THHKax
The Term Canaan in Medieval Hebrew
855
858
I. New Meanings of the Term Canaan, 858. — II. History of Studies on ptr 1 ? |WD, 868. — Addendum, 886.
Retrospect
887
More on the Enlightener
898
List of Illustrations
900
Index of Languages and Peoples
901
Index of Names
904
Index of Texts Cited
922
Index of Subjects
934
PART TWO
M E D I E V A L SLAVIC S T U D I E S
Γ Η Μ Η
Β
CJJOBE
M J I A P H O H A EJIATOFÍA
Ο
3 A KO
Η Ε
Μ
ΤΗ
Hac 6oraTOM KyjibTypHOM Hacjie^HH KHCBCKOH PycH ϋΛοβο ο 3ακοΗβ u ÔAaeodamu, cnoaceHHoe MjiapHOHOM 6JIH3KO κ cepeΛΗΗε oflHHHaauaToro Beica, He3a,no.jiro ΛΟ ero HacTOJioeaHHH Β KHCBCKHC MHTponojiHTbi (1051 r.), öeccnopHO npHHaaJieacHT κ BepiiiHHHbiM naMHTHHKaM. Cjioeo MjiapHOHa — 3aMeHaTejibHbiñ o6pa3eu apeBHeñiijero pyccKoro nponoeexiHHHecTBa He TOJibKO n o rjiyÔHHe ôorocuoBCKOÍÍ H HCTOpHOCOpa 6o 6/iaro.aaTbHaa no Been 3evuiH npocTptca. Η λ ο Harnero »buca pycKaaro aoHae. 3/iecb BnepBbie CAOBO ΒΒΟΛΗΤ pyccKyio TeMaTHKy, a a j i e e c j i e a y i o T MHoroHHCjieHHbie, 6ojibuieñ nacTbio KopeHHUiHeca Β KHpHJUio-ΜεφοabeBCKOH TpaílHUHH H3BJieHeHHfl HS ΠρορΟΚΟΒ H ncaJITbipH. TOJ1KyeMbie KaK npeacKa3aHHa MHpoBoro TopacecTBa ÖJiaroaaTH. C HcicycHblM ΠΟΛΔΟΡΟΜ JlHpHHeCKHX UHTaT H3 ncaJIMOB B03paCTaeT H JlHpH3M KHeBCKoro nponoBe/jHHKa. O w r y p a ceMHKpaTHoro ποΒτορεΗΗΗ HMnepaTHBHbix φ ο ρ Μ r j i a r o j i a noume
Π£ΤΗ: 183Ν
uapeBH HauieMy noume.
" n o u m e 6 o r y HameMy noume. ***.
«KO u a p b Been 3eMJiH 6 o r t .
noume
pa3yMHO. * * * . Η Bea 3eMJiH a a noKjioHHTb ΤΗ ca Η noemb τ ο . na noemb ace HMeHH TBoeMy ΒΗΙΙΙΗΙΗ." HenocpeacTBeHHO c j i e a y e T 3THMOJiorHHecKaa φHΓypa, oxBaTbiBaiomaa Ha 3 τ ο τ pa3 caicpa;ibHyK> aeeaTKy npHMepoB 6jiH3Koro n o 3HaHeHHK) κορΗΗ χβαΛ-:
183 v "χβαΛΗτε
roenoaa ***. Η
404
MEDIEVAL SLAVIC STUDIES
ποχβα/Μτε * * * " .
hmh rocnoflHe. * * *
184r "χβαΑho
TBoa Ha
xeaAa
KOHbUHx 3eMJia. * * * . a a xeúwaTb hmh r o c n o ^ H e . " Bcne/i 3a OTpuBKaMH ncauMOB
nepeôpacbiBaeTCfl Ha 3aBeaoMo jimmhwh τεκςτ caMoro
HjiapHOHa, noaaeaeMbiH KaK 6bi ο τ h m c h h "Bcea 3eMJia Harnea". 184v "xea^HTb » e nox«?a/îHbiHMH rjiacbi. pHMbcicaa CTpaHa neTpa h nayjia. * * * . noxea/ZHMt ace η mm. no c h j i Ì Hamen. MajibiHMH eejiHKaa h AHBHaa ciTBopbiuaaro.
ποχβα/iaMH.
Harnero ynHTejia h HacTaBHHKa.
BejiHKaaro KaraHa. Harnea 3cmjih BOJiOAHMepa." CjieayeT oTMeTHTb β 3THX cjioBax HacTOHHHBbiii nepexoa κ nepBOMy jiHuy MHoacecTBeHHoro HHCJia, T.e. κ 3aHHHy "noxeajibi KaraHy HameMy BOJio^HMepy", B03BemeHHoìi β BbiuienpHBeaeHHOM 3arojiOBKe (noxBajiHMi» ace η μ η .
***.
HauieH. * * * . Harnero. * * * . Harnea). 3flecb OTHeTjiHBO CKa3biBaeTca cymecTBeHHoe ceMaHTHnecKoe pa3jiHHHe Meacay ziByMa TepMHHaMH — empana h 3ε MAH. MHoacecTBeHHoe Hocamee
cmpaiibi,
BbiCTynaeT
β
λρο6ημη,
BOJihHOH
KaiomHx
CBo^Ky
cmpanaMb
***."
ÔHÔJieilcKHx
cjiob
ηητ3τ
—
xapaKTep,
Hcaím
(LI.
184r " h
aeaacabi
4-5),
cy/rb m o h
3aMbicb£ti>
184r_v "MeHe ocTpoBH ac,ayTb. η Ha Mbinibqio mok>
ynoBaioTb."
cmpami
ancTpn6yTHBHbiH
nepeaane
OTcioßa
HenocpeflCTBeHHbiH
nepexoa
κ
BCTynHTejibHbiM cjioBaM noxBajibi BojioflnMepy: 184v "xBajiHTb * * * . pHMbCKaa
neTpa
empana
KoeroJKflo
yHHTejia.
hxi>
nayjia.",
η
npocBeTHTejieñ, "Bea cmpami
npoHHe
CTpaHbi
cbohx
h rpaaH η ji roane. HTyTb η cjiaeaTb.
nace
HayHHuia
a
npaBocjiaBHÌ>H
eipi.
noxBajiHMT. » e η Mbl. * * * . BejiHKaaro KaraHa. Harnea 3CMAU β ο λ ο λ η Mepa." TepMHH se MAH, HeH3MeHHo β e^HHCTBeHHOM HHCJie, oaapeH TpeMH, TecHo conpaaceHHbiMH 3HaHeHHaMH. TpoöcTBeHHaa φopMyJla, Ha3biBaiomaa
3aecb
npHCOBOKynaaeT:
BojioaHMepa,
185r
"He
bt>
ero
xyai
fleaa 6o
η
OTua,
ropao
HeßiaoMi
h
3eMAU
BJiaabiHbCTBOBama. h i bt> pycbict. aace B ^ a o M a h cjibiuiHMa ecTb. b c Ì m h HeTbipbMH k o h u h 3eMAu."
Κ 3Ha4eHHK> "pyccKaa 3eMJia" 3flecb xecHO
npHMbiKaeT h cjiHBaeTca c nepBbiM KOCMHiecKoe 3HaneHHe τ ο γ ο ace HMeHH, BbicTynaiomee β npeaiuecTByiomHX
6n6jieHCKHX UHTaTax
η
cjryacamee φρ33ΰθϋθΓΗΗεοκΗΜ o6pa3UOM cjiaBocjioBHK) pyccKoft 3eMJie: 183r " y 3 p a T b BCH k o h u h 6ori.";
3CMAH. c n a c e H i e " ;
183v " u a p b Been
184r " x e a j i a t b o h Ha KOHbUHX 3βΜΑΗ."\
3eMAu
"ycjibiuiH Hbi 6oace
cnacHTejiK) Hamb. ynoeaHie bc£mï> KOHueMi» 3εMAU."
Β cxohchx κοη-
TeKCTax TloxBajia BoaoAHMepy npoaojiacaeT BbiaenraTb ero po,zmyio 3βΜΑΐο, npoTHBonocTaBJiaa eö oKpecTHbie CTpaHbi: 185r "eanHoaep»ceub 6bIBT> 3€MAU CBOeH. ΠΟΚΟρΗΒΤ. ΠΟ,φ> CS OKpyHCbHJfâ cmpaHbt."
YcJIbHIiaB
185v " o GaaroßtpHiH 3€MAU rpenbCKi" (TpeTbe 3HaHeHHe TepMHHa), Bojio^HMep 186r " B i 3 r o p t ayxoMb. βκο ö m t h eMy xpncTiaHy h 3cmau
405
ΓΜΜΗ Β CJK) Β E HJ1APHOHA Ο 3ΑΚΟΗΕ H ΕΛΑΓΟβΑΤΗ ero",
186ν " 3 a n o B Ì ^ a B i no Been jcmju
h KpbCTHTHCH"; "bch
3eM.in
Haina B i c j i a e t xpHCTa"; " h cjtobo eBaHrejibCKoe je.M.ìw Hamio ocia." T o x e npoTHBonocTaBjieHHe 3eMJiH CTpaHaM B03BpamaeTCH β 3aicjiioHeHHii CjioBa, c03ByMH0M npocjiaBJieHHOH MOJTHTBe KHeBCKoro Mnccajia: 198v " h h n p i a a H H a c i bt> pyKbi ηκ»καηηχτ>. ¡xa He np030BeTbca r p a a t t b o h rpafli» njiiHeHi. η CTa/io τβοε. nprnuejibim bt> 3ì'm.IU HecBoen. aa He peicyTb cmpaiibi
κ,αε ecTb 6 o r t hxt>."
rioHBjieHHe hmchh BoJio^HMepa β τεκετε CjioBa conpoBOÄ/iaeTCH BbinyKJlbIMH 3THMOJIOrHHeCKHMH φ Η ^ ρ 3 Μ Η peHHeM THTyjia καεαπ: flHMepa";
Η TpoeKpaTHbIM ΠΟΒΤΟ-
184r "BejiHKaaro καεαηα
Hauiea 3eMJiH bojio-
185r "KaeaHb Haujb BJio^HMep"b."; 186r "ciBJiine »ce ca y6o
KaeaHb Hamb".
IlepBbiH KOMnoHeHT cjioacHoro HMeHH
Bo.iodHMept
o6pa3yeT CHOBa TpoiÍHyio uenb c poacTBeHHbiMH rjiarojibHbiMH φ ο ρ MaMH,
184v
eyzaóbiHecTByiome,
185r
e.íaóbiHbCTBOBama.
Cea3b
c
npeaKaMH β CBOK) OHepeab no^nepKHyTa TpoñcTBeHHbiM coneTaHHeM 185r
"pozKbcsí.
Ç>5\&TopodtKb o r b
ÔJiaro/wdHbiHX."
Β
reHeajiorHH
BjiaíiHMHpa, Βτοροίί κοΜΓίοΗεΗτ οτιιοβοκογο HMeHH flBaacabi BbiaeJieH TpoiícTBeHHbiM "npof./>'Lua
nocTpoeHHeM:
***
184v
CAOEyTb";
h
"c.íaeHaaro
"c.taehuh
ott»
CBaToc.raea";
CAOSηηηχτ>".
185r
3aMeHa
H3biHecKoro hmchh xpHcraaHCKHM ^aeT ποβολ κ ceMHKpaTHOH napoHOM33HH —
185Γ ΒΛΟΛΜΛίερί —
ΜΛ»κε HanHcacH bt> κηηγμ
186r "w.Ma npHW-Wb b£mHO UMZHHTO
JKHBOTHbia. bt> BbiuiHÌMjMl· r p a , « i
***
Η Ηε-
tjtÍh'hÍm.mi kpycajiM.v/i." /Jajib^HiiKH 3Η3ΜεΗ3τεπΒΗθίί penjiHKoñ Ha τ ο »ce poziHoe, H3biMecKoe hm« HOBOOÔpameHHoro noaBHHCHHKa 6biJi CX05KHH aeBaTHKpaTHblH ΠΟΒΤΟρ: 186v 3anoBÍaaBT» no Been 3eMJiH h icpbCTHTHCfl bt. u.wa OTua h cbiHa h CBHTaaro ^yxa. h acHo h eejierjiacHO bt> bcÍxt» r p a a i x i cjiaBHTHca cbht£h tpohuh. h BcÍmI ÔbITH XpHCTiaHOMl. MâJlblW.Wb H BejlHKblW.Ul. paÔOMl H CBOÔOflHblW.Wl». yHblM.Ml H CTapbIM.Wb. ÔOflpOMb H npOCTbIM.Wb. 6oraTbIM.Wb H yÔOrblIY.Mb. Π ο λ ο 6 η ο napoHOMacTHMecKOMy oôpaMJieHHK) nepBOHanaiibHoro κΗ»>κεCKOrO
ΗΜεΗΗ,
ero
ΒΤΟρΗΗΗΟε,
χρΗ0ΤΗ3Ηεκθε
ΗΜΗ
ΟΚ33ΜΒ3ετε5Ι
Βϋ03ΚεΗΗΜΜ Β Π3ρ0Η0Μ3εΤΗΗεεΚΗε Kjiay3yjlbl npH ΠερΒΟΜ ΗεποορεΛCTBeHHOM o6paiWHHH κ noKOHHOMy Βΐΐ3ΛΜκε η yHHτεJ^^o: 187ν " Τ ε 6 ε »ce KaKO
noxBajiHMi»
***.
npÍMy»bCTBeHbiH
nOHIOflHMCa KptnOCTH ace u
Bacw.z/e.
Kaico
aoôpoT^
cu.ií."
Βθ3ΒΗΙΙΐεΗΗθε nOBeCTBOBaHHe O ΚρεαίεΗΗΗ PyCH Η3ΗΗΗ3εΤ051 c τρεχ aopHCTOB εΛΗΗθΤΒεΗΗθΓθ HHCjra c noflJieíKamHM. o6o3HaHaioiuHM nyXOBHblH
HMnyJlbC,
ΠΟΒΙίεκίΗΗΗ
3a
C060ÍÍ
6Λ3Γ0ΗεεΤΗΒ0ε
ρείΙίεΗΗε
Βο;ιθΛΗΜερ3: 185v "npHüe HaHb * * * . npH3pt HaHb * * * . h Bi>CHa pa3yMi Bt cepauH e r o . " /Janee, Bcjie/i 3a 6ε3ΐΐΗΗΗ0Η naccHBHoíí KOHCTpyKUHeñ
406
MEDIEVAL SLAVIC STUDIES
"nane
ace
cjibimaHO
eMy
6t",
caKpajibHaa
ceMepica
npH^aTOHHbix
C K a 3 y e M b i x MHO^cecTeeHHoro HHCJia H a c T o a m e r o BpeMeHH, acHBoriHcyeT
rpenecKoe xpHCTOJiioÖHe: 185v — 186r "icaico * * * umymb h KAannrnmcH. KaKo *** diwmcx eípbHu. Tpex
***.
KaKO *** ucno.meHbi. Kaico BCH rpa/iH ÔAaeo-
BCH BT> MOJiHTBaxT.
aopHCTax
npedcmonmb.
eanHCTBeHHoro
jieacamHM eoAoduMepb
BCH 6 Ο Γ Ο Β Η
npicmostmb."
HHCJia c noapasyMeeaeMbiM
Β
πο,α-
c o c p e ^ o T o n e H a a y x o B H a a O T n o e e a b καζαηα
Ha-
ute ¿o: 185 v "H CH CAbiiucT·, 186 r "ebxcdeAa cepaueMb. eb3zop\ ^ y x o M b . "
CeMb nepBbix ***.
BojioßHMepa — H3 HHX τ ρ π οτ a3biHecKoro npoujjioro — 186r " c t B ^ i n e ca * * * . o r r p a c e " , — .aajiee " e b A Í 3 e BT> ceaTyio Kynfejib. Η
aopHCTOB n o B e c T B y i o T o KpemeHHH
06
OTKa3e
CIJIOÄH
nopoducH οτ jxyxa H βο,αω. *** BT> xpHCTa 06Asneen.
H mude
KynijiH". rtepexofla οτ καεαπα natuea 3βΜΛΛ κ cyaböaM ecea
OTb 3émah
npHÔeraeT κ Ü B Y M coneTaHHaM OTpHiiaTejibHbix npeayTBepaHTejibHbiMH 3aKJiK>HeHHaMH: (1) 186r "He a o c i j i e cmaeu * * * . HH o TOMb T O K M O mu * * * . " 186" " h i nodeuxcecH nane." (2) 186v "H He 6bi hh e^HHoro» npoTHBamaca * * * . Η BT> eaHHo BpeMa. Bea Harnea,
CJIOBO
jioaceHHH
c
3eMjia Hauia ebCAaeu xpHcra ***."
TopÄecTBo
xpHCTHaHCTBa
naa
a3binecTBOM
napHbiMH npoTHBonocTaBJieHHaMH —
naTbio Β
ΗΜπερφεκτοΒ HecoeepuieHHoro BH^a Β Tpex O C T a j l b H b l X , n p H H Ê M H3 BCeX fleCHTH JIHHHblX T J i a r O J I b H b l X φορΜ p O B H O n o j i O B H H a n p H H a a j i e j K H T B 0 3 B p a T H 0 M y 3ajiory: 187' "Tor\na H a n a T t M p a K T > HaojibCKbiH ό τ ι . H a c T . Ο Τ Χ Ο Λ Η Τ Η . Η 3 o p í > ÔJiaroeipia a B H U i a c a . "
flByx
nepBbix
oöpHCOBaHO
a o p H C T O B c o B e p i u e H H o r o BUaa
cjiynaax,
XlaJiee " n o r b i ô e . uiaaxyca. —
—
ocia.;
pa3pyuiaaxyca.
aBJiaaxyca.; n p o ô t r a a x y .
—
—
nocraBJiaaxyca.;
ciKpy-
CBamaauie.".
riocjieayiomaa KapTHHa noBceMecTHoro H BceHapo^Horo 6orocjiyaceHHa o x e a T b i B a e T a e a TpoíícTBeHHbix p a a a aopHCTOB Β TpeTbeM JlHUe MHOJKeCTBeHHOrO HHCJia C 3ByKOBbIMH nOBTOpaMH, cKpenjiaioiuHMH BHyTpeHHee e^HHCTBo oTaejibHbix npeajioaceHHÜ: 187' (1) "nacwycH cjioeecHbiHxi oeeub xpHcmoe~b ***. cmawa ***. H Becb KJinpociy/cpacHiua h Bt JiinoTy o a i u i a " — (2) "MaHücmbipeBe Ha r o p a x cmawa. *** muuia ca. * * * ecu Atoane ei>CAaeuuia ***." Meac/iy
OÔOHMH paaaMH 3pHMbIX yHaCTHHKOB TOpíKeCTBa BKJIHHeHbl o6pa3bI xpaMOBbix 3ByMâHHH H ÔJiaroyxaHHH c flByMa aopHCTaMH e^HHCTBeHHoro HHCJia Β npoTHBonojioacHocTb MHOHcecTBeHHOMy uiecTH OKpecTHbix rjiarojioB: "eeaHrejibCKbi ^OMT> BCH epajiu oeAaca. TeMiaHt
6ory eacnymaeMb e&3,nyxT> oceaTH." KapTHHa 6pa)KeHHa JHOACKHX
noôe^bi 6opb6bi
npaBOBepna AByx
eep,
oTJinnaeTca
BO-nepBbix,
HaHMeHOBaHHH (KaK HanpHMep
οτ
npe^biaymero
noaejieHHeM
no/(jie)Kamne Η
H
H30-
O6HJIHCM
npHJioaceHHa κ
ΓΜΜΗ Β CJIOBE HJ1APHOHA Ο 3ΑΚΟΗΕ Η Β/ΙΑΓΟ/ΙΑΤΗ
407
η η μ : "nacTycH, enncKorw, nonoee, aiaKOHH, HepHopH3bUH, MyxcH, »ceHbi, jiio^He"), Βο-βτορωχ, ôojibuieii HarjumHocTbio HCHBonHcaHHa, HCHe3HOBeHneM T a K H x OTBJieneHHbix MeTa({)op, KaK " M p a i c b H/ioJibCKbiH,
TMa ôtcocjiyraHHa", h cooTBeTCTBeHHoíí 3aMeHoñ aôcTpaicTHbix ποαjiexcamHx KOHicpeTHbiMH πρΗ oflHHaKOBbix rjiarojiax (cnepea " 3 o p i ÓJiaroB^pia aBHiiiaca", 3aTeM »ce "HepHopH3bUH aBHiuaca"), h HaKOHeu, OTMeHOH Η Μ Π β ρ φ β Κ Τ Ο Β , CJiyXCHBUIHX COnOCTaBJieHHiO OflHOBpeMeHHblX
06pa30B coKpyuiaeMOH cTapHHbi Η ΗΟΒΟΓΟ cTpoHTejibCTBa. Β TopjKecTBeHHOM paccKa3e o kohchhom BOuapeHHH hoboíí eepbi Ha PycH Hanôojiee cmkhh, 3aKJiiOHHTe.iibHbiH c y ö i e K T — 187 r "MyacH h xceHbi. h MajiiH h BejiHuiH BCH JiioaHe" — coneTaeTca c npe^HKaTOM 187 v "BicjiaBHiiia
rjiarojirome".
3acnM
Henocpe/jCTBeHHO
cjie/iyeT
τεκετ
K p a T K O r O CJiaBOCJIOBHH, BO BCeñ Ι φ Ο Π Ο Β ε Λ Η e a H H C T B e H H b l H , He C H H T a a
ÔHÔjieiicKHX UHTaT, npHMep nyacoñ npsMOH penn c npeaeapHTejibHOH ccbijiKOH Ha p e K y m H x :
t-AH-NTi CBA-TTi. Í-^H-HTÍ ro-cno-^k H-COY-Ch XpH-tTO-Ck Bii-t/id-Bey· Bo-roy O-Tb-μΐΟ d-íHH-NK. XPH-CTO-tli JfpH-CTO-Cfc XpH-tTO-Ck XpH-CTO-Ck
nO-B*fe-AH. 0-A0-/ffe. ΒΤν-μΛ-ρΗ CA. ΠφΟ-C/ld-RH CA.
ΒΙ-ΛΗ-ΚΤν t-tH rô-CnO-AH H Hto-AK-Nd TB0-« BO-JKi Hd-UJK Cdd-Bd TC-B-fc. Γ Η Μ Η COCTOHT H3 T p e x ο τ ρ ο φ , H a C H H T b I B a i o m H X Β o ô m e i i C J 1 0 Ä H 0 C T H
^BeHa/iuaTb cthxob. ΠορΗ,αοκ ςτροφ ABaac^« cjieayeT npHHUHny a p i ^ MeTHHecKoii perpeccHH; K a » a a a nocjieayiomaa C T p c ^ a κοροπε npeAbiayiueii h Ha ο λ η η c t h x , h Ha a e a c j i o r a . r i e p e a a ο τ ρ ο φ 3 c j i a r a e T c a
H3 πητη, BTopaa H3 HeTbipex, a TpeTba H3 Tpex cthxob; oômee hhcjio cjioroB cocTaBjiaeT 28 β nepBOH οτροφε, 26 bo Βτοροή h 24 β TpeTbeñ. OôpaTHO, CTHXa
H
flJiHHa KOHHaa
3aKJlK)HHTejIbHOrO
c t h x o b pacTeT, HaHHHaa c n e p e o r o , nOCJie,HHHMH, CTHXa
nporpeccHH noBbimaeTCH
BOCbMHCJIOHCHblMH,
CTpoφbI Ha ο λ η η
Β cjior:
nopaaKe
naTHCjioHCHoro npHHeM
a^HHa
3ρΗφΜβΤΗΗεΰΚΟΗ
nepeaa ςτροφ8
KOHiaeTca
MEDIEVAL SLAVIC STUDIES
408 UieCTHCJIOHCHblM
CTHXOM,
BTOpaa
CeMHCJlOÄHblM,
a
TpeTba
BOCbMH-
CJIOHCHblM. Β nepBoñ ετροφε HHflMH
c p e f l H H H , m e c r a c j i o a c H b i H CTHx O K p y x c e H
naTHCJIOHCHOrO
C UieCTHCJIOJKHblM
CTHXOM;
coneTa-
BTOpaa
θτρθφ3
pacnajiaeTCH Ha jjea .aBycTHmna: 2/6 + 2/7; TpeTba c r p c ^ a HacHHTbiBaeT
τρκ BocbMHCJioxcHbix CTHxa. 0 6 a 3aKJTK)HHTejibHbix CTHxa o6pa3yioT no ^Ba neTbipexcjioacHbix nojiycraiiiHH, Toraa KaK β ocTajibHbix ziecjiTH CTHxax ceneHHe (coupe, break), T.e. cjioBopa3,neji, pa3ÔHBaiomHH c t h x Ha
cerMeHTbi, c^eayeT 3a TpeTbHM cjioroM, h β ôojibuiHHCTBe cjiynaee HJieHeHHe CTHxa HaxoaHT ce6e noAaepacicy β rpaMMaTHnecKOM napajijiejiH3Me, ocoöeHHO xapaKTcpHOM an« Bceñ cpeüHeií ς τ ρ ο φ Μ . ,βεεβτΜΗ
cthx HacHHTbiBaeT .aea BHyTpeHHHX cjioBopa3^e^a — οληη nocjie TpeTbero, apyroii nocjie naToro cjiora, ho phtmhhcckhh HMnyiibc Bcex aeBATH npe^biflymHX cthxob c peryjiapHbiM cjioBopa3^ejioM BCJiea 3a TpeTbHM cjioroM 6jiaronpHSTCTByeT aejieHHio aecaToro CTHxa Ha cerMeHTbi 3 + 5, x o t h h cerMeHTauHH 5 + 3 He π ρ ο τ Η Β ο ρ ε π Η τ
CTHXOB
npaBHJiaM φρ33Ηρ0ΒΚΗ MHHHMajIbHblH, npeBbimaeT
Ha
MHCJioxcHoro THMHa
(•§•+
nojiOBHHOH
nHTHCJIOÎKHblH
oahh
CTHxa,
cjior
oôihhm
THMHa. CTHX, K O T O p b I M
nojioBHHy
BbiCTynaiomero
β
HaHHHaeTC»
MâKCHManbHoro, 3aKJHOHHTejibHOH
ΓΗΜΗ, Bocbοτροφε
Pa3HHua M e a c ^ y CHJiJiaÔHHCCKHM cocTaeoM c e r M e H T a h oômero HHCjia cjioroB β C T H x e H e n p e B b i m a e T ο λ η ο γ ο cuora.
1).
Β CeMH H3 BOCbMH Π ρ Η Μ ε ρ Ο Β CTHXH C H e T H b l M HHCJIOM CJlOrOB ^ J l H T C a Ha paBHOcjioacHbi8 cerMeHTbi.
r i o B T o p H O C T b c t h x o b το^κ,αεετΒεΗΗΜΧ n o HHCjiy c j i o r o B , H a p a a y c o CMeHoíí
cHjijiaÔHHecKHX
UieCTHCJIOHCHblX,
MaTpHu
(^Ba
ΛΒΆ CeMHCJlOHCHblX
naTHCJioHCHbix
H TpH
CTHxa,
BOCbMHCJIOHCHblX,
naTb T.e.
Β
οδιηεΜ πετΒίρε craxa c h c h c t h m m h B A B o e ô o j i b i i t e , B o c e M b , c πετΗΗΜ HHCJIOM CJIOrOB), ρ Ο Λ Η Η Τ Π ρ Η Β ε / ΐ ε Η Η Η Η ΓΗΜΗ C p a H H H M H U e p K O B H O C J i a BHHCKHMH K a H O H a M H H ΠρΟΗΗΜΗ J Ï H T y p r H H e C K H M H n e C H O n e H H a M H , T f l e H 3 0 C H J I J i a 6 H 3 M CTHXOB B T O p H T CHJlJiaÔHHeCKOMy CTpOK) H a n e B O B ,
CO-
HeTaiomHx nocToaHCTBO pa3Mepa c εΓο ποετεπεΗΗΗΜ HapacTaHHCM. Β Ηείΐ3ΒΗεΜ T p y a e R i c c a r d o Picchio, " Τ ΐ ι ε Isocolic Principle in O l d R u s s i a n P r o s e " , β c ô o p h h k c Slavic Poetics (Taara-riapHHc, 1973), n O C B a m e H H O M Κ . Φ . T a p a H O B C K O M y , ρΗΤΜΗΚΟ-CHHTaKCHHeCKHÍÍ C K J i a a
nponoBeaH
HjiapHOHa Hanie/i ceôe
npocToe η
πετκοε
oripeaejieHHe:
The whole of the Sermon on Law and Grace seems to comply with the isocolic principle, on a basis of [the least prime numbers:] two, three, or five accentual units or of their combination. Isocolic sequences are not protracted by setting in a row a large number of equal units. Alternant dicola, or tricóla, create a rhetorical architecture whose emotive symmetry is logically stressed by appositional caudae.
Γ Η Μ Η Β CJIOBE HJIAPHOHA Ο 3ΑΚΟΗΕ Η Β Λ Α Γ Ο Μ Τ Η Κ
H30K0^0Hy, j i e * a m e M y
β o c H o e e aeKJiaMauHOHHbix THpaα
Η
προπο-
npHcoeaHHaeT CHjuiaÔHHecicyio Β03Β0ΛΗΤ ee Β JlOMHHHpyiOmHH npHHUHn HBCTBeHHO HaneBHblX
Be^H, necHocjioBHe Aia.ibix
CeTKy
409
u eejimux
CTHXOB BCeC060pH0r0 THMHa. /tejieHHK) necHocjioBHa n a τ ρ κ ο τ ρ ο φ Μ conyTCTByioT «piene r p a M MaTHHecKHe pa3JiHHHa: nojiHoe OTcyTCTBHC n i a r o j i O B cpe^H aecaTH cjiOBecHbix e^HHHU H a n a j i b H o r o nojiycTHiuHa, CTporaa CHMMeTpna Bcex HeTbipex cthxob cpe^Heñ οτροφΗ c neTbipexc^bi ποβτορηημ hmchcm β nepBOM cerMeHTe h .aajiee c neTbipbMH aopHCTaMH περφεκτΗΒΗΜΧ m a r o j i o B , c n e p B a .aeyx TpaH3HTHBHbix, a 3aTeM ßByx B03BpaTHbix; HaKOHeu, β 3aKjiK)HHTejibHOH ε τ ρ ο φ ε TpeTbe jihuo CMeHaeTca BTopbiM (cB«3Ka " e c H " , flBa βοκητήβ3, MecTOHMeHHbie ccbiJiKH Ha a ^ p e c a T a — "TBoa, T e ô i " —
h cooTBCTCTBeHHO Ha KOJijieKTHBHoro a a p e c a H T a
—
BpeMeHH jickchhcckhx rjiaroJiOB npoTHBonocTaBJiaioTCH cocTaBHbie CKa3yeMbie HacToamero BpeMeHH jihôo c BbipaiKeHHoii ( " B e j i H K i e c H " ) , jihôo c HyjieBOH cbjbkoh "Hauib"),
a
npoiueauieMy
("'MioflbHa aïijia").
Γημη λοποαληηηο 3aMbiKaeT paccica3 O tom, KaK " x p n c T o c b ποδί^Η" β pyccKOH 3eMjie. "