Readings in Chinese Communist Documents: A Manual for Students of the Chinese Language [2nd printing, Reprint 2019 ed.] 9780520317208

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READINGS

IN C H I N E S E C O M M U N I S T

DOCUMENTS

Readings in Chinese Communist Documents A Manual for Students of the Chinese Language

BY WEN-SHUN CHI

UNIVERSITY 1966

—

BERKELEY

—

OF C A L I F O R N I A ^

AND LOS

ANGELES

PRESS

University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California Cambridge University Press London, England © 1 9 6 3 by The Regents of the University of California Second Printing, 1966 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 6 3 - 2 1 0 7 0 Printed in the United States of America

FOREWORD

The p r e s e n t v o l u m e c o n s i s t s of t e x t s t h a t have p r o v e d i n d i s p e n s a b l e to s t u d e n t s who would l e a r n C h i n e s e and apply t h e i r a c a d e m i c d i s c i p l i n e s to t h e study of m o d e r n China, e s p e c i a l l y t h e p r o d i g i o u s p h e n o m e n o n of C o m m u n i s t r u l e . T h e c o m p i l a t i o n h a s g r o w n out of s u c c e s s f u l e x p e r i e n c e s in a t u t o r i n g p r o g r a m f o r g r a d u a t e f e l l o w s at t h e C e n t e r f o r C h i n e s e Studies, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a , B e r k e l e y . Advanced though t h e s e t e x t s m a y s e e m , the f e l l o w s at the C e n t e r h a v e m a d e s a t i s f a c t o r y p r o g r e s s with t h e m , u s u a l l y a f t e r one y e a r of i n t e n s i v e study of C h i n e s e in r e g u l a r c o u r s e s o f f e r e d by t h e D e p a r t m e n t of O r i e n t a l L a n g u a g e s , a u g m e n t e d by s p e c i a l t u t o r i n g . T h e s e t e x t s b e c o m e t h e i r m a i n s o u r c e of l a n g u a g e t r a i n i n g , c o o r d i n a t e d e c l e c t i c a l l y with m o r e advanced c o u r s e s a s t h e i r r e s e a r c h p r o c e e d s . Some s t u d e n t s m a y have studied C h i n e s e of e a r l i e r p e r i o d s , but s t i l l gain i n t e r e s t s and b e n e f i t s f r o m t h e s e new m a t e r i a l s and develop g r e a t e r a b i l i t y f o r f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h . T h e g r a t i f y i n g r e s u l t s a r e due t o s e v e r a l r e a s o n s . The i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p a c i t y and d e d i c a t e d s p i r i t t o study on t h e p a r t of t h e s e l e c t e d f e l l o w s a r e of c o u r s e t a k e n f o r g r a n t e d . But f o r the i n t e l l i g e n t , p u r p o s e f u l , and e a g e r mind t h e r e m u s t b e a w o r t h y i n t e l l e c t u a l b i l l of f a r e . To cull f r o m the t r e m e n d o u s quantity of c u r r e n t C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t p u b l i c a t i o n s the m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t d o c u m e n t s , to a r r a n g e t h e m into a m e a n i n g f u l o r d e r , a t t e n d i n g at t h e s a m e t i m e to t h e i r s u i t a b i l i t y f o r l a n g u a g e l e a r n ing in v a r i e t i e s of s t y l e , r e p r e s e n t a t i v e new t e r m s , p a r l a n c e , and j a r g o n , and to have t h e s e e x p l i c a t e d by g l o s s a r y and annotation f o r both m n e m o n i c and h e u r i s t i c p u r p o s e s —altogether t h e s e c o n s t i t u t e a f e a t . M r . Wen-Shun Chi, Senior T u t o r at the C e n t e r , h a s i n t h i s v o l u m e d e m o n s t r a t e d how t h i s f e a t c a n be a c c o m p l i s h e d . The f i f t e e n a r t i c l e s c o n s t i t u t e a m u s t r e a d i n g f o r anyone who wants to study, in o r i g i n a l C h i n e s e C o m m u n i s t language, t h e w o r l d - s h a k i n g e v e n t s in China f o r m o r e than a d e c a d e . And f o r l a n g u a g e l e a r n i n g , M r . Chi h a s developed an a p p a r a t u s a f t e r h u n d r e d s of i n t e n s i v e s e s s i o n s of d i s q u i s i t i o n among e x c e l l e n t s t u d e n t s and t u t o r .

vi / FOREWORD O v e r s e e i n g the t u t o r i n g p r o g r a m , I have been in close consultation with M r . Chi about the compilation and u s e of h i s t e x t s . His thorough s c h o l a r l y attitude, h i s pedagogic c o n s c i e n t i o u s n e s s , and his unlimited patient c o o p e r a t i o n not only make h i m a m o s t valued colleague at the C e n t e r but m u s t account a p p r e c i a b l y f o r the s p e c i a l language a c h i e v e m e n t s of o u r g r a d u a t e fellows, whose qualifications have been r e c o g nized by leading A m e r i c a n u n i v e r s i t i e s w h e r e they have gone to begin successful academic c a r e e r s . If it i s i m p o s s i b l e f o r all the v i r t u e s of a good t u t o r , e s p e c i a l l y M r . C h i ' s gentle p e r s u a s i v e m a n n e r s and r e a d y wit in conducting a s e s s i o n , to e n t e r into the published f o r m of a book, yet the b e s t r e s u l t s of his e f f o r t s in selection, a r r a n g e m e n t , and explication a r e r e p r e s e n t e d h e r e . F o r i n s t a n c e , s p a c e did not allow f o r detailed d i s c u s s i o n of how c e r t a i n t r a n s l a t i o n s in the g l o s s a r y a r e analytically a r r i v e d at o r of sill the sentence s t r u c t u r e s . But a g l o s s a r y in a textbook of t h i s kind i s not to be r e g a r d e d a s a d i c t i o n a r y . H e r e each t r a n s l a t i o n a i m s , r a t h e r , at the one m o s t fitting equivalent in e a c h given context. New v o c a b u l a r y i s usually b e s t r e m e m b e r e d within a new context. No doubt t h e r e a r e new g r a m m a t i c a l f e a t u r e s and new s e m a n t i c b u r d e n s in C o m m u n i s t p a r l a n c e . Some of t h e s e m a y be i m p l i c i t in s o m e unusual t r a n s l a t i o n s . But t h e r e a r e too many s t r i k i n g i n s t a n c e s to be c o n s i d e r e d in t h i s volume. Specialized studies of t h e s e in detail will be found in the c u r r e n t s e r i e s of m o n o g r a p h s being i s s u e d by our C u r r e n t Chinese Language P r o j e c t in the C e n t e r . As s e r i o u s i n t e r e s t in the study of c o n t e m p o r a r y China continues to grow, the publication of t h i s book i s p a r t i c u l a r l y opportune. The E x e c u tive C o m m i t t e e of the C e n t e r f o r C h i n e s e Studies, under the c h a i r m a n ship of P r o f e s s o r C. M. Li, in our joint e f f o r t s to f u r t h e r i n t e r e s t s in m o d e r n C h i n e s e s t u d i e s , e x p r e s s with m e our b e s t w i s h e s f o r the s u c c e s s of t h i s book and of i t s u s e r s . U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a Berkeley

S. H. Chen P r o f e s s o r of Chinese, M e m b e r of E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e , and Head of C u r r e n t C h i n e s e Language P r o j e c t , Center for Chinese Studies

PREFACE

Since the C o m m u n i s t occupation of mainland China, A m e r i c a n a c a demic c i r c l e s have paid i n c r e a s i n g l y m o r e attention to c o n t e m p o r a r y Chinese s t u d i e s . The C e n t e r f o r Chinese Studies at the University of C a l i f o r n i a , B e r k e l e y , organized in 1957 by a faculty c o m m i t t e e with the a s s i s t a n c e of a g r a n t f r o m the F o r d Foundation, i s itself an example of this i n t e r e s t . The C e n t e r s e e k s to develop a s c h o l a r ly understanding of Communist China through a p r o g r a m of g r a n t s in-aid to graduate students in the social s c i e n c e s to enable t h e m to study the Chinese language, and a p r o g r a m of r e s e a r c h c a r r i e d on through s p e c i a l p r o j e c t s . T h i s book has been compiled p r i m a r i l y f o r use in tutoring the g r a d u a t e students who hold g r a n t s - i n - a i d f r o m the C e n t e r , but it may be s e r v i c e a b l e to o t h e r s who wish to acquire a facility in reading C o m m u n i s t l i t e r a t u r e which will enable them to undertake s e r i o u s r e s e a r c h in the field of t h e i r special i n t e r e s t . The quantity of C o m munist m a t e r i a l s i s vast, and the principle used in compiling the fifteen l e s s o n s c o m p r i s i n g the text has been to cut the m a t e r i a l s down to s i z e while making a selection of significant l i t e r a t u r e . Special e m p h a s i s has been placed upon the h i s t o r i c a l aspect in the selection and a r r a n g e m e n t of the l e s s o n s and upon the linguistic aspect in the development of vocabulary l i s t s and g l o s s a r i e s . The l e s s o n s a r e a r r a n g e d in chronological o r d e r , and r e l a t e to some of the m a j o r events in Communist China in its f i r s t decade. They begin with Mao T s e - t u n g ' s On the P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a t i c Dictat o r s h i p and end with the F o r e w o r d to Ten Great Y e a r s . On the P e o p l e ' s D e m o c r a t i c Dictatorship, published in 1949, i n f o r m e d the world in unequivocal t e r m s of the political, economic, and diplomatic goals of the Chinese Communists, and was a prologue to the sub-

viii / PREFACE sequent Communist dramas on mainland China. Mao's statement was followed by a s u c c e s s i o n of stormy acts —Land Reform, the ThreeAnti and Five-Anti Movements, Thought Reform, the Hundred Flowers Movement, the Anti-Rightist

Movement, the Great

Leap Forward

Movement, Steel Production by Modern Methods and Indigenous Methods, and the People's Communes.

One representative document on

each of these developments has been included in the l e s s o n s in this book. Other documents include one s t r e s s i n g Sino-Soviet friendship, one on the Chinese attitude toward the downgrading of Stalin and the Hungarian revolt, one on the correct handling of contradictions among the people,

and one on the revisions of the 1958 production figures

and the 1959 targets. The last document—the Foreword to Ten Great Years—presents the official views on the summing up of the economic and cultural achievements of the Chinese Communist government during the first decade of power. A brief introduction to each l e s s o n explains the significance and background of the subject concerned. Chinese Communist writings show differences from other Chinese writings in subject matter, style, and phraseology which are noticeable even to a casual reader. The Chinese Communists have coined numerous clichés which are not used by ordinary Chinese writers; they have also been using "simplified characters." Thus the student must tackle these problems in addition to the problems inherent in the Chinese language. F r o m many y e a r s of experience in teaching Chinese to American students, I have found that one of the greatest difficulties i s in determining the compounds.

Students spend an endless amount of time

searching for nonexistent compounds, either because they incorrectly combine the characters to form a compound or because they divide the characters of an established compound. Therefore, a vocabulary list composed mainly of compounds, supplemented by four-character idioms, technical t e r m s

and quotations, with Chinese

characters,

romanizations, and English translations, i s provided to enable the newcomer to avoid the frustrations which usually accompany his initial r e f e r e n c e to a dictionary.

The time saved through u s e of the

PREFACE / ix vocabulary list should permit the student to learn at a more rapid pace. The romanization s y s t e m

in this

book i s the one most

widely

used—the Wade-Giles s y s t e m . In addition, a conversion table from Wade-Giles to both National Romanization and the Yale s y s t e m been appended.

has

One pronunciation i s given for each character; for

the sake of simplicity, variant pronunciations of the same character are not given. Tone-sandhi changes are not indicated. —

pu and

are invariably marked as tone one. Compulsory neutral tones

are denoted by the absence of a tone mark for the particular syllable concerned. Usually, expression.

only one English translation i s given for each

Chinese

Occasionally, however, more than one translation i s given

when it i s deemed n e c e s s a r y . In such instances, if they are synonyms for the particular context, they are set off by commas; if the second translation differs in meaning from the first, and if it will apply elsewhere in the context of the book, it i s set off by s e m i colons. For instance,

'»y^ I-chu (Lesson 1-228) i s translated as

"will, testament," and

kuei-ting (Lesson 1-483) as "to deter-

mine; to provide." Brief biographical, historical, and cultural information has been included in order to help students to a better understanding of the text. In the translations, whenever possible, Chinese parts of speech are observed.

However, a Chinese expression can be used as different

parts of speech; for instance, ^¡ij ]|'J

po-hsfieh (Lesson 1-407) may

mean "exploiting," "to exploit," or "exploitation." A few examples of variations of this sort are noted in the vocabulary list of L e s s o n 1 only. The first translation fits the text, and the others are for r e f e r ence only. When students find these characters in other contexts, they should be careful to choose the correct parts of speech in translating the text into English. Other features of Chinese grammar, such as the suffixal

hsing in

^

^

k'o-neng-hsing (Lesson 1-207), are

illustrated only once, when they f i r s t appear. The students should learn by analogy. The particle particle

tfj

te, used as an adjectival suffix, and the

te, used as an adverbial suffix, are omitted from the

vocabulary l i s t s . Students should observe the adjectival and adverbial forms in translating.

X / PREFACE English versions of many of the selections in this book have been made available by the Peking Foreign Language P r e s s . I have checked the official translations against mine. Needless

to say, the official

translation is not always literally accurate. However, when the meaning of an expression is obscure or ambiguous, it is necessary to turn to the Peking translation

for reference. For example,

the famous

phrase —» ^ ^ ^J I-pien-tao (Lesson 1-251), introduced by Mao, can mean "to lean to one side (party)," "to lean on one side," or "to fall on one side," denoting three different degrees of partiality or dependence. The translation given in the vocabulary list is "to lean on one side," according to the English version of On [the] People's Democratic Dictatorship published by the Peking Foreign Language P r e s s (17th edition, 1959). There

are

other expressions which the Com-

munist publications construe in a way different from general usage; for example,

/Sj ta-t'ung (Lesson 1-64) is a classical term mean-

ing "great unity," or "great harmony," but in the official translation it is rendered as "world communism." Further, there are expressions to which the Communists attach new meanings; for example, Jj^ cheng-chih wen-t'i ("political problem"). "Political problem," when applied to an individual, means "political

offense subject to

criminal punishment"; this term is differentiated from szu-hsiang

wen-t'i

("thought problem"

^

or "ideological deviation"),

which is not subject to criminal punishment. It is beyond the scope of this book to provide in detail explanations of all such terms. Two

comprehensive

glossaries—one

in romanized

alphabetical

order, the other in Chinese character radical order —are appended. Simplified characters are retained in the vocabulary lists exactly as they appear in the texts but are replaced by conventional forms in the glossaries. ^

in ^

Unusual variant characters —for example,

for

»v^» tan-hsin (Lesson 6-89) —are replaced by conventional

forms in the glossaries.

Although the Chinese Communist govern-

ment has advocated the use of "simplified characters," the student should know also the conventional forms of these characters.

The

chance of their encountering the conventional forms is never small. For instance, J ^

^

^

JjjL Mao Tse-tung

Hsiian-chi

(Anthology

of Mao Tse-tung's Works), published by the People's Press, Peking, was printed entirely in conventional characters.

PREFACE / xi Finally, a few words about the literary style of these selections. Communist writings are generally stilted and stereotyped. Mao, however, writes in distinctive style, with f r e e use of colloquialisms and an admirable mixture of fact and fancy. Mao i s proud of his literary powers, and once alluded to himself a s an unprecedented combination of both statesmanship and l i t e r a r y talent in his famous poem, v o jf]

^

Ch'in-yuan-ch'un ("On Snow"). Of particular interest i s L e s s o n 7 — "Let's Show the Facts to Everybody"—a summary of the c r i t i c i s m s made by non-Communist e l e m e n t s who were accused of being Righti s t s . In reading the direct quotations of t h e s e "Rightists," the student will notice not only their striking independent attitude but their f r e e dom from c l i c h é s in style and choice of words. Although these fifteen documents are not great literary works, their importance should not be underrated—in one way or another they have shaped the d e s t i n i e s of s o m e six hundred million Chinese. After intensive study of the wide range of subjects covered in this volume and the great variety of vocabulary used in the text, a student should be on his way to developing a command of the general Communist literature adequate for his r e s e a r c h needs. My deep gratitude g o e s to P r o f e s s o r S. H. Chen, Member of the Executive Committee of the Center for Chinese Studies the tutoring program, for his encouragement P r o f e s s o r T. A. Hsia,

supervising

and guidance, and to

of the Current Chinese Language

Project,

especially for his generous a s s i s t a n c e in preparing the English translations of the g l o s s a r y .

To other m e m b e r s of the Executive Com-

mittee, particularly its Chairman,

P r o f e s s o r C. M. Li, and Mrs.

Joyce Kallgren, I owe a word of s i n c e r e thanks for their interest and support. P r o f e s s o r s J. A. Cohen and Lyman Van Slyke and Mr. Hunter Golay studied the texts in various experimental stages and gave me many valuable suggestions. Indeed, all the graduate students in my tutorial s e s s i o n s offered stimulating advice. Finally, my gratitude goes to my wife for her cofiperation and patience. University of California Berkeley

W. S. C.

CONTENTS

Lesson 1 "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship"

1

MAO T S E - T U N G

Lesson 2 "Report on the Problem of Land Reform"

39

LIU S H A O - C H ' I

Lesson 3 "Order Governing the Three-Anti and Five-Anti Movements, Issued by the Government Administrative Council of the Central People's Government"

69

Lesson 4 "Report on the Problem of Intellectual Elements"

91

CHOU E N - L A I

Lesson 5 "More on the Historical Experience of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat"

127

Lesson 6 "On the Problem of Correct Handling of the Contradictions among the People"

157

MAO T S E - T U N G

Lesson 7 "Let's Show the Facts to Everybody"

187

Lesson B "Comrade P eng Chen Explains the Great Significance of the Anti-Rightist Struggle before the Conference of the People's Congress in P e k i n g "

243

Lesson 9 "A Speech Delivered at the Meeting of People from All Walks of Life in Peking Celebrating the Fortieth Anniversay of the October Socialist Revolution"

255

LIU S H A O - C H ' I

Lesson 10 " G o All Out, Aim H i g h ! "

269

Lesson 11 "The Enlarged Meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee Summons the Whole Party and the Masses to Aim for the Production of 10,700,000 Tons of Steel"

279

Lesson 12 "Resolution on the Problem of Establishing the People's Communes in Rural Villages, Adopted by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist P a r t y "

285

Lesson 13 "Po Yi-p'o Discusses the Ten Advantages of the Mass Campaign to Make Steel"

293

xiv / CONTENTS Lesson 14 "Report on Adjusting the Major Targets of the 1959 National Economic Plan and Further Developing the Campaign for Increasing Production and Practicing Economy"

299

CHOU E N - L A I

Lesson 15 Foreword, Wti-ta ti Shih-nitn,

(Ten Great Years)

317

Glossary 1 Arranged Alphabetically in Wade-Giles Romanization

325

Glossary 2 Arranged by Chinese Character Radicals

419

Conversion Wade-Giles. NationalTable Romanization. and Yale Systems

475

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xvi / CONTENTS

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LESSON 1 " O n the People's Democratic Dictatorship" M A O TSE-TUNG / JiN-MIN JIH-PAO (Ptoplt't

Mao Tse-tung's

Daily), July I , 1949

statement on the People's

Democratic

Dictatorship

was published in the People's Daily on July 1, 1949, in commemoration of the twenty-eighth

anniversary of the founding of the Chinese

Communist Party. It is a clear-cut and extremely important announcement made by the Chinese Communists immediately after their occupation of mainland China.

It reveals the basic political and economic

theory of Mao and his blueprint for China. Mao firmly believed

that China

road of the Soviet Union.

should

follow the

revolutionary

Politically, he espoused the establishment

of a people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class through the Communist Party and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.

The Democratic Dictatorship was to give democratic rights to

the working class, the peasant class, the petite bourgeoisie, and the national

bourgeoisie—and

reactionaries. agricultural

to exercise

harsh

dictatorship

over

the

Economically, Mao planned to change China f r o m an

to an industrial

country, and to effect socialization

agriculture and nationalization of large industries

of

under Communist

leadership, with the consequent elimination of the exploiting classes. Diplomatically,

Mao

openly announced his policy of leaning on one

side, that is, the Socialist camp, and his belief that a third alternative beyond the imperialist or socialist camp was nonexistent.

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4 / LESSON 1

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BW«».

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V O C A B U L A R Y : LESSON 1

1.

min-chu

democratic; d e m o c r a c y

2.

chuan-cheng

dictatorship

Kung-ch'an T5ng

Communist Party

piao-shih

to indicate

hsiao-huo-tzu

husky young fellow

6.

szu-wang

to die

7.

chleh-chi

class

8.

hsiao-mieh

to disappear

t

3. 4. 5.

-J» 1 *

9.

4

f

t&u-cheng

struggle

10.

A

*

kung-chu

instrument

i-ch'ieh

all

ch^ng-tSng

political party

kuo-chia

state

chi-ch'i

machine

sang-shih

to l o s e

tsd-yiing

function

hsu-yao

need

chu-pu

gradually

11. 12. 13.

w i t t ® t -

*

14.

fa

15.

* *

16. 17. 18.

if

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IE

f

14 / LESSON 1 19.

%-t

shuai-wâng

to wither away

20.

RT> 7CI

wân-c hi eh

to f u l f i l l

21.

til

11-shïh

historical; history

shih-mlng

mission

kâo-chi

high level

i

jén-lèi

mankind

£

shè-hùi

society

tzû-ch'ân chieh-chi

bourgeoisie

h s i a n g - fàn

opposite

22. 23. 24.

*

25. 26.

i f

n

27.

A.

28.

iKj)

ch'uan-ll

power

29.

•ft

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openly

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to d e c l a r e

€

ts'ù-shïh

to h a s t e n

-ET-

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to c r e a t e

*

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condition

nu-11

to s t r i v e

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to s t r u g g l e

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to r e c o g n i z e

chên-li

truth

chù-i

-ism

Mà-k'ô-szu

Marx (1818-1883)

Lieh-ning

L e n i n (1870-1924)

t'ung-chih

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30.

7>

31. 32.

M

33. 34. 35.

U

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36.

-cl

37.

£ a X K

38. 39.

XJ

40.

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41.

3

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LESSON 1 / 1 5 42.

JL xft

43.

%

chèng-ch'ueh

correct

yu-chòu kuan

cosmological view—here: world outlook

44.

wèn-t'i

question; problem

45.

shìh-chìeh

world

%

*b

46.

* fl

kào- ming

of superior intelligence

47.

4 »

shìh-wù

thing

48.

shèng-ts'un

existence

49.

fà-chàn

development

kuei-lu

law

pìen-chèng fà

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hùan-ying

to welcome

50. 51. 52. 53.

*Hf fif i i v£ ìii 41 t

%

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54.

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55.

li-jù

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Kuo-min Tàng

Kuomintang, Nationalist party

fàn-tùng p'ài

reactionaries

Jlh-pSn

Japan

tì-kuo chù-ì

imperialism; imperialist

t'ùng-k'u

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61.

pu-k'àn s h è - h s i a n g

beyond imagination—intolerable

62.

lào-tùng

working

56.

il) ^ ^

57.

9

58. 59.

f

60.

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V O C A B U L A R Y : LESSON

1.

HhÎJ

2.

It

3.

ffc. -Çjr

4.

A-

5.

Î

2

kuan-yii

with r e s p e c t t o

kài-kô

reform

pào-kào

report

Jén-min Chèng-hsieh

a b b r e v i a t i o n of A & vo •A i l l ' t People's Polit i c a l C o n s u l t a t i v e Conference

W ë i - y u a n Hùi

Committee

hùi-1

session, meeting

Kùng-t'ung Kâng-ling

The C o m m o n P r o g r a m (1949)

s ô - y u chih

ownership system

kai-pien

to t r a n s f o r m

Hua-pëi

N o r t h China

chin-chiao

suburb

12.

tl-ch'û

area

13.

Hô-nân

Honan

14.

tsùng-kùng

total

^

^

l

M.

t

6. 7.

- ? r iS) ^

8.

tM

9.

it

10.

^

11.

i l

i l

ï-f

15.

& A

pîng-ch'ieh

m o r e o v e r , and

16.

& fi.

wân-ch'éng

to c o m p l e t e

48 / LESSON 2 17.

ik £ »li M

p'ien-ch'a

deviation

shùn-lî

smoothly

19.

shlh-chien

incident

20.

t'è-pieh

especially

shëng-ch'àn tzû-liao

means of production

22.

màn-1

satisfactory

23.

Chieh-fàng Chûn

Liberation Army

24.

sù-ch'ing

to wipe out

t'u-fëi

bandit

ô-pà

local despot

18.

21.

25.

i Pi

±k

^

â

26. 27.

•AH

chïen-tsu

to reduce rent

28.

*

Nung-min Hsieh-hùi

Peasants' Association

29.

Hua-tûng

East China

30.

Chung-nân

Central-South (China)

11

A

hùi-yûan

member (of an a s s o c i a tion)

min-ping

militia

k'âi-chàn

to develop

34.

chào-chi

to convene

35.

chi-chi

active;

36.

tà-p'I

a large group

37.

shui-p'ing

level

38.

chùn-pèi

to prepare

39.

hsun-llen

to train

31. 32. 33.

It -ft/VU

activist

LESSON 2 / 4 9 40.

n *r

kan-pu

cadre

41.

k'ai-shih

to start

42.

ch'mg-ch'iu

to request

43.

Hsi-pei

Northwest (China)

44.

t'ao-lun

to discuss

45.

t *

Chung-yang

Central (cf. 2-84)

46.

* £

chiieh-tlng

to decide

47.

shio-shu min-tsu

minority nationalities

48.

chii-chii

to live in compact community

Tung-pgi

Northeastern provinces

Ch'ao-hsien

Korea

Meng-ku

Mongolia

to-shu

majority

53.

te-yii

may (in the legal sense)

54.

ch'i-yu

the rest

hslng-chi

impetuous

t'i-ch'u

to propose

ts'ao-an

draft

58.

shlh-yung

to apply to

59.

ta-t'i

general

60.

chi-hua

plan

ll-shih hsing

historical significance; M tl historic

49.

f

¿t

50. 51. 52.

55.

t *

**

A

•a t-

56. 57.

61.

**

^tn

50 / LESSON 2

£

ch'iieh-ting

to d e t e r m i n e

t'uan-t'T

organization

an-chao

according to

65.

tzu-fa

spontaneously

66.

t'ing-chlh

to s t o p

cheng-shou

to levy

68.

kung-liang

public g r a i n

69.

li-ch'iu

to s t r i v e f o r

70.

p'ien-hslang

deviation

hiin-luan

chaotic

chuang-t'&i

condition

73.

chiu-ch&ng

to c o r r e c t

74.

tsung-erh-yen-chih

to s u m up

chin-hdu

henceforth

jung-hsii

to allow

hslen-hslang

phenomenon—here: condition

i-chao

in a c c o r d a n c e with

pan-pu

to p r o m u l g a t e

80.

fa-ling

l a w s and d e c r e e s

81.

ch&ng-ts'£

policy

chlh-hsii

o r d e r (cf. 1 - 4 2 0 )

wen-chlen

document

62. 63. 64.

67.

71. 72.

75.

fflfi na am

vfu | L

Hi: ft

^Mi

76. 77.

fit

78. 79.

82. 83.

ft If

4k ft

1 vj-

LESSON 2 / 5 1 84.

Chung-kung Chungyang

abbreviation of ^

£

t ft ^ Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party; further contracted as ^ ^ ch'i-ts'ao

to draft

t'i-chlao

to submit to

87.

shen-ch'a

to examine

88.

1-chlen

opinion

chlen-1

to suggest

90.

shuo - ming

to explain

91.

shih-hslang

item

n&i-jung

content

93.

m6-shou

to confiscate

94.

fen-p'&i

to distribute

fei-ch'u

to abolish

ch'eng-jan

indeed

97.

chien-tan

simply

98.

ho-li

rational

99.

hsiang-ts'un

the countryside, rural

fu-nung

"rich peasant"

101.

chan-yu

to p o s s e s s

102.

ts'an-k'u

cruelly

p'in-nung

"poor peasant"

85. 86.

89.

92.

95. 96.

100.

103.

«U t&ik

^ t

fen ifk &

**

**

villages-

52 / LESSON 2 104.

k t +t

ku-nung

"hired peasant"

chung-nung

"middle peasant"

chung-nien

all the year

wen-p5o

w a r m (back) and full (belly)—to keep body and soul together

K'&ng-chan

abbreviation of ^ Q ^ % W a r of Resistance (against Japan, 1937-1945)

109.

plen-tung

change

110.

Szu-ch'uan

Szechwan

111.

ling- wai

other

112.

Ch'ang-chiang

Yangtze River

105. 106.

ib

107.

108.

it?*

113.

+

chung-yu

middle reaches

114.

T

hsla-yu

lower reaches

115.

tlao-ch'a

investigation

116.

kung-ti

public land

ch'u-tsu

to rent out

118.

tzu-keng

(land) cultivated by the owner

119.

keng-chung

to cultivate

so-yu ch'iian

right of ownership

jeng-jan

still

ch'iung-k'un

poverty

117.

120. 121. 122. 123. 124.

A

^ t

«ffl

«

*

ken-yuan

origin

min-chu-hua

democratization

LESSON 2 / 5 3 125

Uno it-I-

kung-yèh-hùa

industri ali z ation

t'ung-I

unification

127

fù-eh'fang

affluence and (military) strength

128

chàng-al

obstacle

nung-ts'un

agricultural village —rural

shèng-ch'àn lì

production forces

kuo-shih

fruit

k'ài-p'ì

to open up

mù-tì

goal

P'ing-chiin Tì-ch'uan

Equalization of Land Ownership

135

k'òu-hào

slogan

136

Kéng-ché Yu Ch'i T'ien

Land to the T i l l e r s

shìh-ch'àng

market

ming-hsien

obvious

139.

chieh-shìh

explanation; to explain

140,

ming-ch'iieh

clearly and precisely

pó-tào

to refute

pìen-hù

to defend

shih-chl

in fact

tsùi-ò

crime

tsùi-hsing

criminal act

tsùi-tà ò-chi

crime of unparalleled enormity

126

131

tit i A D % %

132

nm

129 130

133 134

f ^ t%

137 138

141. 142. 143.

U

«

Zi ^ a fm

144, 145. 146.

%n

%

* &

54 / LESSON 2 147.

^

148.

%

a

t'u-hao

r u r a l despot

lieh-shen

bad gentry

chien-chiieh

persistently

fSn-k'ang

to r e s i s t

fan-tsui

c r i m i n a l ; to commit a crime

152.

p'ctn-ch'u

to s e n t e n c e

153.

t'u-hsing

imprisonment

154.

j&u-t'i

body (human)

chiu-chl

to r e l i e v e

156.

kuan-tien

point of view

157.

ts'ung-lai

a l w a y s (up to now)

ch'iung-k'u

poor

159.

t z ' u - s h a n chia

philanthropist

160.

tan-ch'un

solely

161.

shu-fii

bondage

162.

huo-te

to obtain

cho-y£n

with a v i e w to

ch'ieh-shih

effectively

ch&o-ku

to take c a r e

ml-ch'leh

closely

167.

t'i-1

to p r o p o s e

168.

p5o-ts'un

to p r e s e r v e

hsien-tu

extent

149. 150. 151.

155.

158.

163. 164.

it to* £

R/jf S*

* *

^ t

165. 166.

169.

tw m /t

LESSON 2 / 5 5 170.

tz'u-t'ang

ancestral shrine

171.

mlao-yii

temple

szu-yiian

monastery

chlao-t'ang

church

174.

kung shang yeh chia

industrialist and merchant

175.

ts'ung-shlh

to engage in

176.

chih-y&h

occupation

177.

lao-tung 11

labor power

178.

ch'ao-kuo

to exceed

179.

tang-ti

local

p'ing-chiin shu

average

181.

•f it »/, i.

i-shang

from or above (e.g., 200 percent); at or above (e.g. the provincial level); the above

182.

%ik

ts'ai-ch'cin

property

183.

&&

jung-jSn

to tolerate

184.

T-4']

pu-li

unfavorable

tsung-shu

total

lleh- shlh

martyr dependent

172. 173.

180.

185.

t it ft t

&&

186. 187.

%%

chia-shu

188.

m*

chih-yiian

employee; staff

shao-llang

small amount

shih-yeh

unemployed

jen-yuan

people; personnel

189. 190. 191.

** ** A.

|

*

56 / LESSON 2 192.

pao-hsien

insurance

s6-te

income

k6u-chlh

to purchase

pSo-liu

to retain

196.

hS.o-ch*u

advantage

197.

ch'in-fan

to infringe

198.

hsiao-llang

s m a l l amount

199.

t'fe-shu

special

p'i-chun

official approval

ch'iieh-shih

effectively

hsiang-tang

fairly

shu-llang

amount large amount

ft

Tfit

193.

%

194. 195.

200. 201. 202.

8

ft

to* f

t

id %

203. 204.

* *

ta-lxang

205.

A f

ying-yii

should be, shall (in the legal sense)

206.

&A

chia-t'ing

family

ch'ou-pu

to subtract or to supplement — adjustment

keng-ch'u

draught animal

nung-chii

farm implement

207. 208. 209.

Mi **

V

>

210.

to-yu

surplus

liang-shih

food grains

212.

chia-chu

furniture

213.

fang-pi en

convenience

211.

«

t

LESSON 2 / 5 7 214.

-m £ iL 44}

t'iao-cheng

adjustment

chiao-na

to pay (tax)

lien-1'ung

together with

tang-j an

of course

hu-chu

mutual aid

ching-ying

to operate

yin-ts'ang

hiding

chui-so

s e a r c h for

ts'ai-fu

wealth

223.

l&ng- fei

waste

224.

t'ou-ju

to put into

225.

k'uan-ta

lenient

226.

ch'eng-pan

to punish

k'uan-jung

to tolerate

f&ng-tsung

to condone

tsai-sha

to slaughter

nung-szu

to kill

k'an-fa

to fell

shu- mu

tree

shui-ll

water conservancy

chien-chu wu

building

nung-tsd wu

crop

ni-ting

to map out

215. 216. 217. 218.

A t & x n

219. 220. 221. 222.

227. 228.

ftft

il f ft $

%%

229.

$ 41

230.

Fa

231. 232.

m ^

233. 234.

&& to

235. 236.

ti

58 / LESSON 2 237.

if. n

hsiang-hsl

detailed

p&n- fa

measure

yen-chin

s t r i c t prohibition

* *

tse-ling

to p l a c e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y on

4r

t'6-shan

properly

wei-fan

violation

p'ei-ch'ang

to c o m p e n s a t e

244.

ch'u-fen

punishment; sanction

245.

k6-hslang

various items

238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243.

*

** 4it ib li if

246.

fu

yfin-hsii

to p r o m i s e ; to p e r m i t

247.

f 4

chiin-shih

military

hsiang-tui

relatively

lleh-shlh

i n f e r i o r position

sheng-fii

v i c t o r y or defeat—the outcome of a battle

fu-ch'u

to pay

252.

tai-chla

price

253.

i-wu

obligation; jj^ # # ftf n o n - c o m p e n s a t e d work

254.

chih-yiian

to s u p p o r t and aid

cheng-ch'ii

to s t r i v e f o r

fu-ts'ung

to be subordinate to

mSn-tsu

to s a t i s f y

p'in-k'u

impoverished

248. 249.

* *

250. 251.

255.

H as

£K

256. 257. 258.

Vffj t*

LESSON 2 / 5 9 259

to

fa-tung

to rouse

260

*

/ I

kao-tu

high degree

261

&

ti

jfe-ch'ing

enthusiasm

chih-ch'ih

to support

ta-lu

mainland (China)

chieh-shu

to conclude

fei-pang

a gang of bandits

hao-wu

not the slightest

i-w&n

doubt

268

ping-i

military service

269

chu-ta

exceedingly great

chien-sh5o

to reduce

hui-fu

to r e c o v e r

T'ai-wan

Taiwan ( F o r m o s a )

chung-

huge

tan-fu

to shoulder (responsibility)

ts'ai-ch&ng

financial

276

tsu-chlh

organization; organizationally

277

hsing-ch'eng

to form

ku-lu

anxiety

mu-ch'ien

at present

Shan-tung

Shantung

shih-shih

to c a r r y out

262 263

*

m

264 265

&

f

266

267

270

A M

'A

t

271 272

*"o

273

*

'45* A

274 275

M

i i

278

il

279,

% t ib &

280 281.

4

fib

^

-t

60 / LESSON 2 282.

pan - fa

to i s s u e

chih-shih

directive

ì-chìh

will

hsing-tùng

to act

shuang-fàng

both s i d e s

chin-chàng

tense

288.

hùa- fen

to c l a s s i f y

289.

ch'éng-fèn

e l e m e n t s —here: status

290.

chìen-yu

in v i e w of

291.

tà-kàng

outline

292.

chu-hsi

chairman

**

f t

283. 284. 285. 286. 287.

'Si n

ti

ut Kflt

*

293.

**

fà-piao

to make public

294.

A. tfy an intellectual

tsan-ch'eng

to be in favor of

394.

t

ftfl

395. 396.

*

397.

M'fl

k'ai-ming

enlightened

398.

-t

shlh-shen

gentry

399.

hsuan-pii

to announce

400.

an-ting

to render tranquil

ch'ing-hsu

emotion

liao-chieh

to understand

ching-k&o

to warn

i-fa

according to law

401.

A,

«f

tt«

402. 403.

S t . *» ,

404. 405.

fc*

k'uan-t&i

to treat leniently

406.

^

ch'l-t'u

to attempt

407.

t'fe-wu

s e c r e t agent

408.

liu-ch'ing

to be merciful; ^ fjg fj^ UgJ mercilessly

409.

chfen-ya

suppression

410.

chi-shih

in good time (without delay)

411.

fen-sui

to crush

a

412.

* *

kuang-f&n

widespread

413.

4-

k6-chieh

every walk of life

66 / LESSON 2 414.

4f

%

pù-tùi

m i l i t a r y unit

415.

^

1

chïh-hûiyûan

c o m m a n d e r s (synonymous with o f f i c e r s , in C o m m u n i s t usage)

416.

f^ §

c h à n - t ô u yûan

f i g h t e r s (synonymous with s o l d i e r s , in C o m m u n i s t usage)

t'ung-ch'ing

to s y m p a t h i z e with

pi-hù

to h a r b o r

ch'In-p'éng ch'i-yù

r e l a t i v e s and f r i e n d s (normal o r d e r is

417.

js]

flj"

418. 419.

il.. J j t flfl ^

420. 421. 422. 423. 424.

% &

-t.m ÎKj

425.

4

426.

*'] +

M t~

hui-pl

to avoid

yû-î

beneficial

k'ào-yèn

test

k'ùng-sù

accusation

v jî é n - m i n f à - t

)

people's tribunal

p'u-t'ùng

ordinary

hsing-shîh

c r i m i n a l (case)

min-shih

civil ( c a s e )

àn-chien

case

fù-tsâ

complicated

430.

chën-ch'â

investigation

431.

kùng-ân

public s e c u r i t y

wéi-fà

unlawful

hsien-hsing

current

427. 428. 429.

432. 433.

4

Kf

t

f

an st a

fhn

LESSON 2 / 6 7 t'iao-li

statute, regulation

435.

% tt'J T< -feng

"work style"

mlng-llng chu-1

"commandism"

kuan-chlen

key

453.

ChSng-feng Yun-tung

Rectification of the Work Style Movement

454.

chuang-k'uang

condition

455.

hSo-chuan

turn for the better

ch'ilang-ts^o

to c r e a t e

shen-1

to r e v i e w and consider

441. 442. 443. 444.

447.

4b *

iff

448. 449. 450.

*

v j f&j

451. 452.

456. 457.

m4t

M t ik

LESSON 3 "Order Governing the Three-Anti and Five-Anti Movements, Issued by the Government Administrative Council of the Central People's Government" JCN-MIN JIH-PAO, March 12, 1952

This l e s s o n c o n s i s t s of four p a r t s . In addition to the o r d e r of the Government Administrative Council, it includes: 1) Regulations Governing the Handling of Corruption, E x t r a v a gance and Overcoming B u r e a u c r a t i c E r r o r s , introduced by the Committee f o r the Inspection of Economy of the C e n t r a l P e o p l e ' s Government; 2) C r i t e r i a and M e a s u r e s Governing the C l a s s i f i c a t i o n and T r e a t ment of Industrial and C o m m e r c i a l E s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the F i v e - a n t i Movement, introduced by the P e o p l e ' s Municipal Government in P e king; 3) R e p o r t to the Meeting of the Government Administrative Council by P ' e n g Chen, Mayor of Peking, on March 8, 1952. The two regulations in connection with the T h r e e - a n t i and F i v e anti movements w e r e authorized on M a r c h 8, 1952, and promulgated on March 11, 1952, by the Government A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Council of the Communist P e o p l e ' s Government. (According to the Organic Law of the C e n t r a l P e o p l e ' s Government of the P e o p l e ' s Republic of China [September 27, 1949], the Government Administrative Council was the highest executive organ f o r state a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . It was succeeded by the State Council a f t e r the adoption of the Constitution of the P e o p l e ' s Republic of China on September 20, 1954; the State Council then b e c a m e the executive organ of the highest State authority, and the highest a d m i n i s t r a t i v e organ of the State.)

70 / LESSON 3 The targets of the Three-anti Movement were officialdom in the government, army, Party, state industries, and schools. The movement was directed against corruption, extravagance, and bureaucraticism.

The targets of the Five-anti Movement were the

merchants

and industrialists. This movement was directed against bribery, tax evasion, theft of state a s s e t s , cheating in labor and in

materials,

and stealing of state economic intelligence. The Regulations Governing the Handling of the Three-anti Movement elaborated, among other things, upon the d e g r e e s of punishment according to the amount of money involved in the corruption. It listed corruptions involving from l e s s than one million yuan to one hundred million yuan or more. (The yuan r e f e r r e d to in the regulations was the yuan or the old j e n - m i n - p i [people's money] which was abolished on March 1, 1955, in favor of the new monetary unit with a conversion rate of 10,000 old yuan to 1 new yuan.) The Regulations Governing the Five-anti Movement divided c o m m e r c i a l and industrial establishments in Peiping into five categories: (a) law-abiding establishments,

(b) b a s i c a l l y law-abiding establish-

ments, (c) partly law-abiding establishments, (d) s e r i o u s l y unlawful establishments,

(e) very seriously unlawful establishments.

Since

this regulation was introduced by the Peking Municipal Government, Mayor P'eng Chen made a report on it. report has been explained in L e s s o n 2.

The legal force of such a

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217.

pgn-w&i chu-1

fixation on interests of self or one's own unit —department-centr ism.

kuo-f&n

excessively

chi-ml

secret

hsleh-lu

to leak

ch'fen-chih

competent

chung-yung

to assign (a person) to an important position

tzu-liao

r e f e r e n c e material

nung-ch'ing

to clarify

ch'ien-yen

pr oc rastination

huan-chi

urgent or not urgent—degree of priority

ch'ing-li

to c l e a r up

hsiian-in

pending c a s e

t'i-ch'&ng

to advocate

hsiieh-shu

academic

fa - ming

invention

t'ui-kiiang

to broaden the application

t5ng t'uan yuan

Communist P a r t y and Youth League members

234.

shang-llang

to consult

235.

chlng erh yuan chih

to keep one at a respectful distance (cf. 7A-261)

236.

ko-mo

lack of mutual understanding

218. 219. 220. 221.

itfr

if\j ^ •A %

n J*

222.

-f

223.

t

224. 225. 226.

a\

it *t i

n

227. 228.

u-ch'iian '

to h a v e e v e r y one (of these mistakes)

hsiung-huai

bosom—mind

hsia-chai

narrow

319

kao-^o

arrogant

320,

mao-plng

fault

321.

sao-ch'u

to s w e e p away

yuan-wang

wish

323.

p'ai-ch'lh

to e x c l u d e

324.

ch'i-shih

to d i s c r i m i n a t e a g a i n s t

f e n g - fii

rich

318

322.

325.

t

ft*

+1

118 / LESSON 4

*

326.

327. 328.

Vb & 4

^

329. 330. 331.

-

**

H VL

neng-f5u

whether . . . can or cannot

chl-jan

since

t'ung-ch'ang

generally

t'ung-p'an

over-all

shlh-fin

demonstration

hsln-fu

to have confidence in

s

332.

yu-yiieh

superior

333.

&

chi-tsao

hasty

334.

i

sheng-ylng

rigid

335.

^

wu-tuan

arbitrarily

fou-ting

to negate

jen-sheng kuan

philosophy of life

shlh-chleh kuan

world outlook (cf. 1-43)

tfj

336. 337.

A.

1

Xi,

338. 339.

*

>6 «

tzu-yiian

voluntary

340.

pi-hsiu

required

341.

k'6-ch'eng

course

342.

& #

han-sh6u

to teach through correspondence; ^ correspondence school

343.

4- *

pgn-shen

itself

344.

*

ai-k(io

patriotic

hslen-f5

national constitution

fen-ch'ing

to distinguish clearly

wei-wu chG-i

materialism

345.

1*41

a ' A

346. 347.

i

LESSON 4 / 1 1 9 348.

*

it

chien-jui

acute

349.

in $

hsiao-kuo

effect

350.

*

%

tzu-chiieh

consciousness

ts'u-pao

crude and violent

chien-ch'ih

to p e r s i s t

353.

nii-hsin

patient

354.

chleh-ch'u

contact

ch'I-wang

to expect

tang-wei

Party committee

tiao-tung

to r e a s s i g n work

tsd-t'an hui

"sit and talk " conference — an informal discussion meeting

359.

chiao-huan

to exchange

360.

lleh-hsi

to sit in a meeting as an observer

tang-tsu

Party c e l l within a nonp a r t y organization

chih-pu

party branch

1-t'u

intention

pl-jan

definitely

nien-tu

a period of twelve months devoted to a certain pursuit or activity

351. 352.

355. 356.

4

^

nt tt

357. 358.

361.

&«

*

t^SL

362. 363. 364.

t

«

*

ft

365.

366.

-ibxt

Yu-s6 Yeh-chin

Nonferrous Metallurgical

367.

iJLl-f

Shfe-chi Yuan

Planning Institute

120 / LESSON 4 368.

t n

369.

0

1

H

370. 371.

n

it

372. 373. 374. 375.

49r t 4 0 ii t ft 1

shen-ch'ing

to apply f o r

kuan-men chu-i

"closed-door-ism"

chieh-shou

to a d m i t

hslang-hsin

to b e l i e v e

tseng-t&

aggrandisement

t'fe-tlng

specific

hsiang-ch'&n

to c o r r e s p o n d to

4 c h i - c h ' i chih-chui

to m a k e a prompt s t a r t and o v e r t a k e

376.

kan-sh&ng

to c a t c h up

377.

shao-wei

a little bit

i-jlh ch'ien-li

one thousand li a d a y r a p i d ly

378.

- a+ f

*

ch'uan-p'an

complete

tzu-tung-hua

automation

chu-li

distance

382.

ts'ao-tsung

control

383.

k'ung-ch'ien

unprecedented

kao-wen

high t e m p e r a t u r e

385.

kao-ya

high p r e s s u r e

386.

kao-su

high speed

387.

yiin-shu

transportation

388.

hang-ch'eng

r a n g e of navigation o r flight

379. 380.

^

A

381.

384.

389.

^

j.•

4 4

«¡J

*

su-lu

speed

LESSON 4 / 1 2 1 390.

yin-su

391.

chii-p&i

to p o s s e s s

hsing-neng

property

393.

chin-shu

metal

394.

ho-chln

alloy

jen-kung

artificial

ho-ch'eng

synthetic

kung-1

technological

398.

kuei-ch'eng

process

399.

jih-hsin yueh-i

new every day and different every month—constantly improving

plen-ko

to revolutionize

tzu-yiian

resource

kao-feng

peak

yuan-tzu neng

atomic energy

t'i-kung

to provide

wu-pi

incomparably

tung-11

energy

392.

395.

\

%i

ti

A.

J^

396. 397.

400.

JU

£

402.

404.

* * H Hi*

405. 406.

tiu *3»

t^

401.

403.

tb •¿a

a

A

407. 408. 409.

*M it

-K

410. 411.

speed of sound

* *

f

A

ch'uan-yiian

spring

ko-hsin

innovation

yiian-ta

immense

ch'ien-t'u

future *

tien-tzu hsueh

electronics

122 / LESSON 4 412.

k'ùng-chih

to control

413.

tài-t'i

to replace

414.

mien-lin

to face

ch'ien-hsi

eve

Pù-ërh-chîa-ning

Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (b. 1896)

chëng-ch'î

steam power

Kung-yèh Ko-ming

Industrial Revolution

ching-sài

competition

415.

Tfi

t

416.

^

417.

$ ^

|

&

418. 419.

ft*

s

420. 421.

* rp £

ch'ueh-ch'ieh

accurately

chi-hsu

urgently needed self confidence

422.

* tè

tzù-hsïn

423.

£ 4 ^ *

t'ôu-t'ùng i-t'ôu, chîao-t'ùng i-chiao

to treat the head when the head aches, to treat the foot when the foot aches —to use stopgap and p i e c e m e a l solutions

ch'ïng-chiao

to ask for instructions

i-pèi-tzu

during one's lifetime—forever

426.

mo-fàng

imitation

427.

fâng-hài

to jeopardize

428.

fâng- wèi

defense

429.

pën-mô

the root and the branches — proper sequence

chïn-p'ô

pressing

424.

n u

425.

- f

430.

t * t

*

LESSON 4 / 1 2 3 431

wu-ch'iu

to strive so as to attain an objective

432

ch'i-chien

period

433

ts'u-chin

to promote

hsieh-ts6

coordination

chln-shlh

shortsightedness

pi-li

proportion

fen-kung

division of labor

x-mien

to avoid

439

p'len-f&i

doing one thing to the neglect of another

440

chien-chleh

indirect

441

ying-yung

application

442

ts'ao-ts6

procedure

hu-shih

negligence

' \ K'o-hsueh Yiian

Academy of Sciences

434

-T4

^

435

ft'J

436 437 438

443

>k b

&

it)

444

X *) Si i

hu-wei yin-kuo

A and B a r e the cause and effect of each o t h e r reciprocal causation

wei-t'5

to entrust

hui-t'ung

in conjunction with

448.

tfian-ch'ueh

deficient

449.

men-l&i

fields

pu-tsu

to make good

shih-hsi

practice (to gain actual experience, such as working in a factory)

445

446, 447,

450. 451.

ft

# * % *

124 / LESSON 4 N

452.

lu-hsu

continually

453.

hsiieh-k'o

subject

454.

p'in-ch'ing

to invite

455.

t£o-shih

tutor

' Y yiian-li

principle

456.

* *£

ch'uan-shdu

to pass instruction on to others

huo-ch'e t'ou

locomotive

ta-u

with great effort

chuang-pfei

to equip with

461.

k'ung-t'an

empty talk

462.

chln-chun

to stage a march

463.

chua-chin

to grasp tightly

457.

458. 459. 460.

•A *

%

*a « 4 -

464.

test

t'o-yen

procrastination

465.

***

tiao-chi

to assemble

466.

4

ming-tan

roster

467.

kang-w&i

sentry post

468.

shu-chia

summer vacation

shou-y&o

chief

tang-^n

archive

po-wu kuan

museum

shu-k'an

books and periodicals

chin-k'ou

importation

Wcii-kuo yii

foreign language

469.

^

-f-t-

470. 471. 472.

1 t + J

473. 474.

^ fi **

LESSON 4 / 1 2 5 475.

t

476.

At

ft

477.

shu-chi

book

ming-o

quota

fen-pu

to d i s t r i b u t e

478.

il^f

chln-hsiu

c a r r y i n g out f u r t h e r study

479.

% v3&

c h ' u n g - man

full of

480.

vA

hsiung-yung

dashing, a s of waves

481.

vlj iff

p'eng-p'&i

r o a r i n g , a s of waves

wu-i

undoubtedly

sh^-hsiang

to s u p p o s e (cf. 1-61)

t'ien-jan

n a t u r a l l y — h e r e : to be b o r n with the ability

485.

k'uang-wang

inordinately arrogant

486.

Chih chih w6i chih

482. 483.

-IS

484.

-4-

»ViT

v.

chlh, pu chih wei pu chih

"When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it."—Analects, Book II, C h a p t e r XVII (Legge)

ching-t'ung

well v e r s e d in

tan-tu

alone

489.

tu-ts'u

enforcement

490.

pu-t&ng

improper

491.

ch'eng-hsii

procedure

487. 488.

3M*

126 / LESSON 4 492. 493.

S *i llf $

chien-tü

supervision

ch'uan-pö

to s p r e a d

ting-ch'I

p e r i o d i c ally-

vJb

chiao-liu

to e x c h a n g e

®

chôu-wéi

periphery

hào-chào

call

494. 495. 496. 497.

H

•J*

LESSON 5 " M o r e on the Historical Experience of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat" JiN-MIN

JH-PAO,

D*c«mb*r 29, 1956

Two articles, "The Historical Experience of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat" were published in the People's Daily. The first appeared on April 5, 1956, and the second on December 29, 1956. Both were claimed officially to have been written by the Editorial Department of the People's Daily on the basis of meeting of the Political

a discussion

Bureau of the Central

at an

enlarged

Committee

of the

Chinese Communist Party. (The date of the meeting was not given.) In the secret speech during the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union held in February, 1956, Khrushchev sharply attacked Stalin's

mistakes, especially in regard

to the cult

of the individual. The downgrading of Stalin proved embarrassing to the Chinese

Communists

since they had painted

a rosy picture of

the Soviet Union and had paid tribute to Stalin as the savior of mankind and as the eternal sun. To save face, the Chinese Communists, making use

of the Editorial

strongly emphasized

Department of the People's Daily (1)

the superiority of a system based on the dic-

tatorship of the proletariat, and (2) defended Stalin. On the one hand they exaggerated the glories of his contributions to the cause of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and, on the other hand, minimized the seriousness of his wrongdoings as purely personal mistakes from which no man in the world has ever been completely free. The Hungarian Revolt in October, 1956, evoked a tremendous

re-

action in China. According to Mao's own account, "Tens of thousands of people demonstrated

in the streets against the People's

Govern-

ment, trying to effect a Hungarian type of revolt in China." (On the

128 / LESSON 5 Problem of Correct Handling of the Contradictions among the People). At the same time, Tito in a speech in Yugoslavia on November 11, 1956, stated that: (a) Stalin's mistake of the cult of the individual was the product of the s y s t e m ; (b) Soviet intervention in the

Hungarian

Revolt was a mistake; (c) the world problem was whether the Stalin line or the Yugoslavian line would win. In answer to this challenge, a second editorial was published in the People's Daily, claiming to have been written on the b a s i s of a discussion by the Chinese Communist

Politburo.

It i s not known

whether this second one r e f e r r e d to the same meeting mentioned in the first editorial. The editorial, the b a s i s for this lesson, emphasized that Stalin's mistakes were his personal mistakes and had nothing to do with the Soviet s y s t e m , and it called for international solidarity among the proletariat of all countries.

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130 / LESSON 5

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m^xgmmRm&ffm&Fmz.-. &TH& mjt£.m'mmi&# TWWtefeSB&W. m g mmam^m^^mmmr^m^mM ^aSSMW^iWBSBMBBi.

4Mb ffiJt, -fc-Kr^we m&atMft-,

ttfeflttntftt

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MJ.&

a . nvioiMMdawejie,

m&mvtfe, wm&m&& i t s t ^ i t n . ^xm&Pttmst&Mm&fawim&m,. -gwxt

sut, spRtt&ftunr.

fiis*

n*.

it,

i^i-m-igiws+wtti: (1) ^ i ^ a W ^ ^ f - M i g i ^ ^ ^ ^ X «

«HftfrAKtt&at»

tpmitf

izmzm

assitss^^jfit^^xw^

(2)

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is, ¡ t s a ^ ^ m ^ ^ ^ s ^ ® : ® . ¿t,

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But,

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j&g-r^wAgifcfc, m

«KBMS. (4) ^ B M K f n ^ ^ f l ^ B S E i H ^ A S £ S ® 7£

LESSON 5 / 1 3 1 »RAÄflW. ^h^Ä««, WS«»,

m&vtfi-^, m A&im&mRM.

M^ASWS-attiiJÂf^èlttlï-xA HUt,

m^xjfìmmMm. a ^ f ^ W ^ ® . ffi&^ÄJSLfciS:, ft-^Hü? sp^'ßgaWÄ^wasm. ansäen», «ri

h ä j * « A « a am^wmMmfom&j&j-tau»,

m, m^rm^mm^m^^?-, 7aaMWLfc»tt*b iiÄ^E^-^®, nws.

& flwrwr» «Nife

^BrtS.

{sä, &*ba%gji#MB

—giÄ^x^-Wffi^, M a u i ffllSAS^, SBMMri&ifrHiJSC«»^

»WiiïSfra.

fttfit. M ^ ï U i i f f r ^ ^ f t l S â W ^ Â ;

*

Afiwsi: a n , zsit&xwmxttM^mm ^ í i ^ r m ^nsra 3 K â « * ^ e s i t i * a.

efts^^tt^H^j^JWft»»®»*»

lit, MSHBÍMWHSS^IHIHWaWf^-aift-^W afcfcH^äS^MftBreÄJ^JUSätt« sfegH&'-^lfei: 'ÄWiaSIfcig, ffcfcjfcfnS mm^mm&Avmmxtt, Mmmamm^&r *J t e BhftttaA»4#+> fl&ÏK£7A£WÂR *

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IBW^^^^i^fg»^

st««*. a — s i i t â . j&ifcftK, -tüsfflííaftwttéijícítéffl^^w* J^iJSÜttÄ.

132 / L E S S O N

5

-tr* * *

mKtttmejtoäxitm. mm#B M7 fètte, tiSU «iftriiá:«, ^

f

a

,

mwí*

ftË^SËfi^AW

«a, fist*«. I l , «ttffifc^fcH-MFffliMiSÖWT ¿2ISMHM&ZS. M T O t f U t t t f t E S a n M K .

ft. fStfJ^/f),

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ft. s^ÄT^Ä^Zl+^ft^^, ttiw&íi, igatÄrXtttt^wrstt, SP* «papeyt^ftíiHEiWI«»*, « H * * « « : » . {RUBA, 4HBWIIHttMR. Ä ' M W W S W J E ^ R T I B Ä — T ^ I f c

tmm-rtäiä&ff-mm&mti,

smmm,

frmfcttmmm SIS mm^mx^r,

^ « r t g - g t w i t , HBÄ, m ^ H A ^ K i o

# ¿g^&^f-^

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=S-3*c15f|&

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»^jsc^r®,

ftmnxmr

mx,

i E a c f ^ j i - a ^ i A J f x . iEffcinwn1^

172 / LESSON 6

%UMo

SBÜ «te^^r^awiÈfi. « ÄiHm POM^PKÌE«»

WiSrttiBmtWftfft-ÄÄÄ.

iE

Jf > «^AlHJAÄfäiKj^/f,

M

Ä ^ Ä ,

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ft H

« H A — X t A n Ä ^ B A

^.m^wMmtim,

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m., mm®, m, t s f i f f i . i i i ï K S i  f S i i Ai BsïÎBâ^rfëAfflWm^ÎË. i l » B S

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m

i t ^ x m * ,

m

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mm, ä — â Â t ê f i f i .

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Πt t l W f  I t t t i S m

— ffifflflífft^sfflw,

-fe

S—»Äff,

M i ï f t ífcn M m , I P K I ^ Ä M S M » , M w HM, a ara—aitát^jsc. s j e i a i f t È f i j i mmmmitè, S M w ^ s i t i f , J9ríE„ W Ä A S E M 3 I E Ä Ä — « S f f s f t P F H H HEf&Aft»

M^ARUB s ,

t u n « to « M

m,

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fli9H"ARH«")

VOCABULARY:

1.

-st

LESSON 6

% '1

2.

T s u i - k a o Kuo-wu Hui-1

S u p r e m e State C o n f e r e n c e

chiang-y6n

speech

3.

-it>f
8

36. 37. 38

-

39.

^ i®

$(j

hslang-fu hslangch'eng

mutually s u p p l e m e n t a r y and c o m p l e m e n t a r y

tdu-luan

to " s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t " and r e s u l t in confusion

LESSON 6 / 1 7 5 40.

Hi

41.

42.

shou-shih

to put in o r d e r ; to JT^ g ° beyond control

i£- »>) :

c h ' e n g - c h ' i e n pl-h&u

to have had a d i s a s t e r b e f o r e and to be m o r e c a u t i o u s l a t e r —once b u r n t , t w i c e shy

•A

chlh-plng

to c u r e d i s e a s e

chun-min

m i l i t a r y m e n and c i v i l i a n s

kuan-ping

o f f i c e r s and m e n

chui-su

to t r a c e b a c k

shang-tien

store

ta-i

heedless

k'uan-kuang

extensive

kou-chieh

to be in l e a g u e with

^

43. 44.

t*-

45. 46.

ill

47.

*

48.

%) % H

49.

h

%

50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

4 %

^ L ^ $

m * h % a % iL a Te 4

f

5)

fVJ

t,ia

°-P5

lf

-chien

to f o m e n t disunity and dissension

h s i n g - f e n g ts&-l&ng

to r a i s e winds and w a v e s — to c r e a t e t r o u b l e

ll-lai

as a l w a y s in the p a s t

ts'an-yu

to p a r t i c i p a t e in

fen-pien

to d i s t i n g u i s h

p'ing-fan

to r e v e r s e a d e c i s i o n (on an i l l - d e c i d e d c a s e )

chu-chlen

gradually

pfci-tiing

passive

yin-tSo

to guide

176 / LESSON 6 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

M H ML m. ét'tt

s

chu-lleh

acute

yu-shèng

superior

huan-màn

sluggish

tlng-hsi st & chào-hsun « -J * M & 1-shlh hsing-t'ài t'iao-chieh M f

fixed r a t e of i n t e r e s t to seek ideology to settle

66.

p'ing-héng

balance

67.

chi-fëng pào-yii

strong wind and heavy rains —storm

t'àn-sô

to grope for

69.

pù-fâng

might as well

70.

fëng-làng

wind and waves —commotion

tùan-llen

to steel, to harden

huo-yèn

flame

hùan-nàn

predicament

pô-tùng

movements, as of waves — unrest

kùo-hûo

excessive

lou-tîao

to overlook

chèng-ch'l

spirit of uprighteousness

wâi-fëng

ill wind —perverted tendency

Jén-tà

abbreviation of K i k j ^ l R ^ National People's Congress

68.

71.

Îî f

48.

72. 73.

£ «tt

74. 75.

àt *

76. 77.

JE. \

78. 79.

^

*

LESSON 6 / 1 7 7 80.

C h ' a n g - w § i Hui

abbreviation of Standing C o m m i t t e e

81.

chu-c'hih

to take c h a r g e

82.

chlen-ch'a

procuracy

szu-fci

judicial

Si — chien-yii

jail

chen-t'ou

pillow

szu-hsin

to g i v e up c o m p l e t e l y

kSo-luan

to c r e a t e c o n f u s i o n

k6-t'i

individual

tan-hsin

to have anxiety about

90.

ch'i-chin

to be e n e r g e t i c

91.

tseng-ch'Sn

to i n c r e a s e production

92.

t'ai-feng

typhoon

93.

hui-ch'cLng

on the f l o o r of a m e e t i n g

Ho-p6i

Hopei

83.

3

84.

J3B.

v£

85. 86.

Fo

87. 88. 89.

94. 95.

f If Jte-f

vf

i t

\

si«

96.

97.

A

%

98. 99.

T t

100. 101.

it

£

yiin-liang

to ship food g r a i n s

yii-liang hu

household having s u r p l u s grains

ch&ng-ch'ang

normal

ch'eng-chang

growth

h s l a - c h u n g nung

" l o w e r - m i d d l e peasant"

chl-yii

to lodge ( h o p e ) i n

shou-ch'ang

to end

178 / LESSON 6

%

ling-huo

flexible

103.

t z u - l i u tl

s e l f - r e t a i n e d lot

104.

chien-ku

to attend to two or more i t e m s simultaneously

105.

shui-shou

tax revenue

nien-ching

good or bad year of harvest

chia-ko

price

kdu-liang

to procure food grains

hsiao-sh6u

to s e l l

110.

fu-chin

nearby

111.

chi-chfen

s m a l l town

112.

cheng-liang

tax levied in t e r m s of food grains

113.

ch'iieh-liang hu

household with a shortage in food grains

114.

ts6-wii

crop

115.

t'ung-t'ung

all

t z u - c h i hu

s e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y household

117.

sheng-huo ffei-yung

c o s t of living

118.

yu-tai

favorable treatment

119.

chen-cho

to deliberate

120.

hsiang-kuan

correlated

102.

106.

**

107. 108. 109.

116.

121.

**** %

^ ^ f

v^

1) - 9k hun-wei

i-t'an

to confuse (unidentical things) as if they were identical

LESSON 6 / 1 7 9 122.

nan-tcio

you don't m e a n to say

l i a n g - m l e n hsing

two-sidedness—dual character

tzu-shih ch'i-ll

to l i v e by o n e ' s own labor

125.

chai-tlao

to take off

126.

chih-kung

staff and w o r k e r s

127.

chi-ti

base

% ^

c h i a n g - h s i pan

l e c t u r e and study group

-rX>

kung-fang

government side

yii-yen

language

ch'in-shen

personal

132.

chuan-tao

to change

133.

yung-kung

to study hard

134.

tseng-to

to grow in number

t'ung-1

to a g r e e

ts'ai-neng

talent

tzu-mSn

self-satisfied

i-p'ien

one i n t e g r a l whole

chung-t'u

middle way

140.

t'ing-tun

to stop

141.

t&o-t'ui

to r e t r e a t

k'o-ch'iu

to demand by a harsh standard

chien-j6

to weaken

123.

^

3)

124.

«

t

128. 129.

u

f i

*

130. 131.

135. 136.

£

i

^ % i

t

137. 138.

D

f

139.

142. 143.

• f i t

•

f

a

•AH

180 / LESSON 6 144.

hsing-shih

fashionable

chen-tui

to encounter

shih-shih

c u r r e n t events

ling-hun

soul

ts6-fa

the way of doing a thing

ts'u-ts'ao

crude

hsiao-chang

president of a school

te-yii

m o r a l education

chih-yii

intellectual education

t'i-yti

physical education

ch'in-chien

industry and thrift

155.

chlen-kuo

building of the country

156.

chlng-chleh

realm

hsin-ch'in

arduous

145.

*t

146. 147.

i

148. 149. 150.

fit ii-fe

tJL

151. 152. 153. 154.

157.

* t 4 1 ft

&

f %

158.

\ #

ch'i-li

effort

159.

Vbk

hslen-ch'eng

ready-made

hsing-fu

happy

161.

mlen-chi

area

162.

han-tsu

Han people—Chinese

163.

kSo-hSo

to make . . .

164.

Hsi-tsing

Tibet

165.

hsieh-i

agreement

166.

t'ung-ch'ou

o v e r - a l l planning

160.

f

a

a success

LESSON 6 / 1 8 1 167.

ch'iian-tzu

circle—group

168.

ti-ch'u

contradictory

hsiao-chi

negative

170.

yen-chleh

horizon

171.

p§n-ch'ien

asset

172.

p'eng-p6

luxuriantly

tsai-huang

natural calamity

liao-shih

to settle a matter

Po-hua Ch'i-fang

Let One Hundred Flowers Bloom

P o - c h i a Cheng-ming

Let One Hundred Schools Contend

177.

kung-ts'un

coexistence

178.

feng-ko

style

179.

p'cin-tuan

to judge

169.

173. 174.

ill

fe

%& 1 4

175. 176.

180.

•sUf'Jb

- f

181.

\

M3Rtt!HB? J R M S r f ' a t f f t g j f t & K t t f t S S - ^ i f i n n f f l .

ftfaRAJiaT

194 / LESSON 7

«iR, SstÄÄ^ö-^, S HJÉiSS»*. flWTJÄT^AfT*. SWife«, ffifMtò* ttÄ-ts, b i s a . »jtÄ ä BrtÄB«)

SH

«sitt* WiäKÄHNP, í * J f « i .

f, Äfflas ettflSW

H ms HlXSt® AR B «jwœteas WffiR ttWtt. ÄttJlÄft LW0ÏÎX, a ^ K i f f i ^ a w k f i « * ^ ^ « » ® . «RBHfsmsR

mmntm,

mwm, yoiwe-^m.,

mmmmiBAtt. mmma^mm.^'f^ma^x^

Kfltttxft*

mñ, « a r c í t w * * ^

»¡ft: ¿matmrt T xmR StSs&ß. &SJSSÎ, Steffi, tt, «^BM. ^TA^teRs SSL«, SSfEWWW H f x r ^ w ^ . tsxffisimeia^, a^SSÄS-SflJäT&f*. Ä5K, 3t »«ffrffiüHIRIKÄ&Äia^, ÄifeflMÜ, în&ÂSïEr'

r:, URBWÄ-Xiö-*. eau,

Kmmmikmt, 8t&ss*i!Pj»ti.

x¡«iwafTifcB&»#wafcí8, Bö, S5«Ä»f(I|'».

¡fijas mrnmmm, irssäika («ff*, ±

fam&W£, SE^, it&äzxx) , mär.

R8ö**»afcä, -tfeEsatìsaT,

H

( l ï f l A BARB«)

E^ŒSSJiÂ***:*;

m. íiife^

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S f l + H B *753S#AR B « a äi BÄ'M.'*' -JFîfcttR: affîJiÈ «»«»Missw.'ftisR. a-fiiiatëtèatacÂ'jriirft* w-#B¡s*«ir.r. DbR> ÄiflüÄ^^W,

3C*. SWferFiÉñ:

awÄ: Â^S^-ÎË wjjsatiftÄ^ftÄ ww^.ÄÄwai

KR»«, ia® ar-h^ïUTHU-RSWÇîffiKi-ïB^^fOïffltf-R^W/Ba

iftttlgg&o e^A^HSt. tì^js^sitt-sr»«»«!*

«Hi Éft. flbR. •RÂÂSe'&WËftl-HRîf^S.

is,

ffiwffiffiff. tm^mmmift, iz^nms&G-wiä. aut. mm^xmm

BH^êSIKIgWoflkaxffi^A^iffiS^iliS^iiiïSJ: aíSHJnffisakiSí R ^ a ^ s w : ® ««1WK-«, f g f i i W l — m ¡fcTSS, f^ffi MStóWI-. ñBfia^P^ffíiímttAWgE 5ÊS.

LESSON

7/195

«BRfiift te^ïBffiftlftKim^îS.^âSœBfr«»®» 3Ï, »Rflifcifeffl-SSSWKJW. «sitóièiì^—^sawEO-a. fifeis. uwm, «JBÄPI^ ^«wEsa«»« i1*-®, Rmwrvt®ÈIEÍJST

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ttilBRSSiS^efrfifSö fliSSJiBTIlS®»«®«.

^

fc,

afftt-ffiSiSBfrRÍS». rffl^WiSMA4IS*HI*ttÄ-»

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tel», " ^ S W T f f i i d f P W f î â T , IßÄÄSWWSiift MXSíltSitejfctfi."

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che-yao

excerpt

ta-sheng chi-hu

to cry loudly to arouse attention—to make an outcry

wai-hang

layman

hui-hsin

to feel discouraged

%

5.

ytian-hsl

schools and departments

6.

pu-hsiieh wu-shu

wanting in learning and practical wisdom—uneducated and incompetent

7.

t'i-chi

to promote in rank

8.

Kao-chiao Pu

abbreviation of if Ministry of Higher Education

9.

10.

11.

-5b

12.

'fl

13.

i -f

Wen- wei Hui

abbreviation of "i. 4t- 5 Cultural Committee

p'ai-chi

to push aside—to discriminate against

hsien-ju wei-chQ

the idea that first entered one's mind dominates

Ch'ing-hua

Tsing-hua (University)

chlao-yen tsu

abbreviation of iif teaching and r e search group

LESSON 7C / 239 14.

£ I

k'ung-ming

in name only

15.

UfA

kùo- wèn

to take the trouble to ask questions about

16.

shëng-wàng

prestige

17.

ts'âi-hsueh

talent and learning

18.

t'u-tî

disciple

19.

pëi-âi

sad

20.

pà-hsi

acrobatic performance — a cheap and tricky performance

yii-chùng hsin-ch'âng

weighty words conveying deep feelings

ChTao t'ù szu,

"When the wily rabbits have been killed, the hunting dog i s boiled for food; when the flying birds have all been brought down, the good bow i s laid away" — tools are expendable after their usefulness has been exploited.

"t

21. 22.

^ -k

fo tyt

tsôu-kôu p'ëng; fêi-nïao chln,

Ik 3

liang-kung ts'âng

wèi-tào

flavor

hsi-pô

watery and diluted—weak

25.

ch'à-shôu

to put one's hands in—to participate in

26.

ku-ch'ieh

for the time being

23. 24.

27.

**

?t

& 4®r ^ mâng-jân wu-chîh

completely unaware of

28.

ch'àng-hô

circumstances

29.

tài-chln

infused with vigor

240 / L E S S O N 7C

ling-min

sensitive

tiao-k'ai

to t r a n s f e r (an unwelcome p e r s o n to s o m e o t h e r place)

t a - t z u pao

"big l e t t e r p o s t e r "

t 5 - t 5 sh&n-sh5n

in an e v a s i v e way

t&u-ts'd

to " s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t " mistakenly

k ' a i - c h ' e n g pii-kung

s i n c e r e l y and openly

hsu-hsin

modest

37.

t'ing-ch'ii

to l i s t e n to

38.

15.o-ch'eng c h ' i h - c h u n g s t e a d f a s t and cautious, a s a sign of m a t u r i t y

30. 31.

i H

32.

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33.

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34.

35.

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36.

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c u l t u r e d and elegant

40.

tzu-y§n

wording

41.

c h l e h - s h i h huan-hun

to c o m e back to life through the p o s s e s s i o n of a n o t h e r p e r s o n ' s body

42.

chleh-chu

to depend on

39.

V&

* fffc

43.

AM

ming-tz'u

term

44.

4

mi-huo

to bewitch

kuan-chlao

to discipline

fa-hsleh

to give vent to

fan-m&n

melancholy

48.

li-kung

s c i e n c e and e n g i n e e r i n g

49.

leng-chlng

calmly

&

45. 46. 47.

50.

i t

«^ %

*

4 4 k'u-k'u t'i-t'i

tearful

LESSON 7C / 241 51. 52.

*

A

kuan-husui

concern

kcin- jSn

to influence

53.

is

ta-tSn

boldly

54.

*

k'u-t'ou

bitter experience

55.

\ ft.

ch'l-fen

atmosphere

p'lao-liang

beautiful

K'ung Fu-tzQ

Confucius

San-shih 6rh

"I stood f i r m at thirty" — Analects, Book II, Chapter IV: 2 (Legge)

ch'eng-hsing

to take form

hfio-p'5

active

huo-yiieh

lively

hao-f&ng

vigorous and unrestrained

Pei-ti

abbreviation of % Peking University

chih-ma

sesame

ling-chien

an arrow with a flag attached, bestowed as a token of conferred authority. % ^ i /v % to u s e a feather of chicken ( ) as a ling chien

56. 57.

31

t

58.

59. 60.

V*

*

61. 62. 63.

*

*

64. 65.

^

-^j

^

( ift )—overzealous in carrying out an order. 66.

VZJ

ko-ta

knot—complex in the psychological s e n s e

242 / LESSON 7C 67.

mao chiang yen fu?

ho-hslao

m e r g e r of schools

I

ch'Ien-ming

signature

4

68.

69.

P'i chih pu ts'un,

"When the skin i s lost, where can you place the hair ?" — Tso-chuan, "Fourteenth Year of Duke He" (Legge)

Jfc i

70.

*

rir

fen-chia

to divide the property of a family—to split any organization

71.

IK

to

fan-tang

anti-party

72.

«¿V

*

ho-ping

to m e r g e

73.

X

>5)

ch'u-mien

to initiate on behalf of others and one's self

sheng-shih hao-tci.

great display of power and influence

lin-pieh

while leaving

fa-ch'I

to initiate

74

-

75.

>

*

J * ft]

76.

1.

tit

2.

*

3. 4.

* *

Ch'ien Wei-ch'ang Liang Szu-ch'eng

* i& %«

5.

*

6.

>4

Yang Tzu-yiian Ho Tung-ch'ang Yang Jen-pien Chou P'ei-yuan

LESSON 8 "Comrade P'eng Chen Explains the Great Significance of the Anti-Rightist Struggle before the Conference of the People's Congress of Peking" JEN-MIN

JIH-PAO,

August 7, 19S7

The Chinese Communists suppressed the Hundred Flowers Movement shortly after it started. Encouraged to express their true feelings freely and completely, the people went farther than the Communist leaders had expected. Instead of minor and mild suggestions to the Communists, the people wanted to change the basic course of communism both internally and externally. Instead of loving the Communists, some people expressed a deep hatred and openly announced that they would overthrow the government and kill Communists. Thus, the People's Daily published an editorial on June 8, 1957, calling the attackers Rightists and signaling a governmental move to deal with them. Those who voiced opposition toward the Communist

regime

were ordered to admit their mistakes and to confess. This was the end of the Hundred Flowers Movement. Though the Anti-rightist Movement lasted more than a year, P'eng Chen claimed a preliminary victory over the Rightists in August, 1957. Speaking before the People's Congress of Peiping he admitted that the struggle was political and ideological and that had the Rightists won, the Communist regime would have been overthrown. In view of the seriousness of the discontents, P'eng apprehensively concluded that the Communists

must resolutely shatter the bourgeois

attacks. Many people, including Communist Party members, demned as Rightists during the Anti-rightist

Movement

were

con-

and were

given punishment of varying degrees. On September 16, 1959, the

244 / LESSON 8 Central Committee and the State Council made a joint decision to pardon those Rightist elements who had truly remolded themselves and turned over a new leaf, by removing their "Rightist cap," that is, they were not to be designated as Rightists any more. The Communist r u l e r s removed the "Rightist cap" from groups of Rightist elements at various times. The first group was pardoned in September, 1959, and the latest group in February, 1963.

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C8H7 H " A S H » ' )

V O C A B U L A R Y : LESSON 8

1.

tà-chl

important policy

fù-yu

rich in

lùn-chàn

polemic

A. ?A ^»w -rf% jàa

fân-wèn

to ask a rhetorical question

ju-ï sùan-p'ân

the abacus works out as one wishes —wishful thinking

6.

rîtr

wàng-hsïang

vain hope

7.

A

8.

^

2.

It

t

t

3. 4. 5.

*

*

9. 0. 1. 2. 3.

* * 4 -»»

fU

JL Î?

¿^ wù tà yun-tùng

Five great movements (Land r e f o r m ; Resist the U.S. and aid Korea; Suppression of counterrevolutionaries; Threeanti and Five-anti movements; Thought reform)

sàn tà kài-tsào

Three great transformations (agriculture, handicraft, industry and commerce)

lè-t'ô

dejected

ying-hsiung

hero

ch'in-yu

relatives and friends

chôu-mà

to c u r s e

yin-hun

the spirit of a person after death

et i t

250 / LESSON 8 14-

%

w

is.

17-

±

'fa

18.

^

|

19-

küei-küai

ghost and monster

chü-p'ä

to fear

tö-pi

to avoid

sheng-p'a

to be afraid of (an anticipated object of fear)

ch'ö-ch'üan

to expose by breaking the cover

cheLo-yäo chlng

a magic mirror which reflects the hidden uglin e s s of a monster

20.

£

hsien-lü

to reveal

21.

\

yüan-hsing

original form

22.

^

hsüeh-llang

crystal clear

23-

%n

t'üng-ch'leh

trenchantly

24.

Vit

lün-liu

to rotate

25.

£

£

tsö-chüang

to be the dealer in gambling—here: to be the ruling party

26-

4

&

tü-lä

malicious

fe.

f-

Yin-chlen

"A mirror for Yin, or a lesson from previous experience"; the phrase is adapted from a quotation in the Book of Poetry.

Wang Ching-wfei

Kuomintang leader, who organized the puppet Nanking government under Japanese occupation in 1940.

27

"

28.

Vil^^-y

LESSON 8 / 2 5 1 29.

xg • — j u

szu-i-^rh

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30.

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^Km-i-H-^^^ r-r-^ô'i'T^fîiniëïêôWiè, mxtf-mm,

ft&tmSío

a ^ K A K - Ä Ä I ^ A i i i ft S * » JFïflïit

Mñ,

m^mcsm^mmmmmm^^ÊL

w^^r-^mmkk^^i

jaiB^tfWffc^fcXW*;**'! ^1«: ^ÄT^&tM^K iè ñ PI ifeWAi^AfflifôTÎ^! *fHN

'Xmmsk* H ÀÂ ras. • S L T » m ^ i t ^ j t m s M m ,

a

u^^m^xm^mw^^m

iirtá?.+. XWE M t ^ £ ! eil« 7

VOCABULARY: LESSON 9

1.

chieh-jih

festival

2.

io fu

chi-yuan

epoch

3.

£

wàng-kuo

kingdom

féi-yueh

leap

ch'ien-ch'i

early period

*

®

^ jf 5. h n 4.

6.

i

n

ch'in-ch'ieh

intimate

7.

ft

n

héng-ts'ài

ill-gotten fortune

pào- wéi

encirclement

p'àng-tà

huge

fa-tì en chàn

electrical power plant

wéi-li-tzu

micro-particles

chia-sù ch'i

accelerator

ch5u-chì

intercontinental

tàn-tào hùo-chien

ballistic rocket

fà-shè ch'i

launching mechanism

fà-shè

to launch

jén-tsào

man-made

tì-ch'iu

globe

8.

*

9.

Jk

0.

titm

1. 2.

4

8

3. 4.

JKtil

5.

^t it

6.

'stM

7. 8.

VZJ

i

264 / LESSON 9 19.

là.*

«

wèi-hsing

satellite

20.

^

S

i-ch'ì

apparatus

21.

I

hsing-chì

interstellar

22.

£

7*1

k'ung-chien

space

23.

&

5*

chien-ch'iang

strong

chùang-tà

powerful

»

24. 25.

>

chii-shìh

situation

Chung Nàn Méi-ch5u

abbreviation of

^ k n, 4 '>M Central and South A m e r i c a

wèi-hsieh

threat

k'ùo-chàng

expansion

fu-chih

to support

Chung Chin Tung

abbreviation of ^ , ÌÌL ^ Middle East and Near East

31.

ts'è-tùng

to instigate

32.

Hsti-lì-yà

Syria

tsòu-tsu

henchman

ì-sè-lìeh

Israel

35.

k'o-ch'ih

shameful

36.

mò-lè

decline

37.

shàng-shéng

ascendancy

38.

huan-hsin

joy

szu-mleh

death

26.

>1 t

* «

Sfl

27. 28.

Vife

29. 30.

t

it

33.

**

34.

b

39.

Jb

i

LESSON 9 / 2 6 5 40.

chiao-llang

*

41.

M

ch'uan-min s5-yu s y s t e m of ownership by the entire people

chih

t

42.

to test the strength

chi-t'i so-yu chih

collective ownership system

ch'uan-t'ung

tradition

44.

t'o-hui

to drag back

45.

tzu-szu

selfish

cheng-t'i

entire

tang-hslng

" p a r t y n e s s " (the qualities a s a party m e m b e r )

ch'ing-yS.

jostling

yin-chin

to bring into

ko-chiieh

to alienate

kao-chung

to come to an end

tSL-shlh

general trends

jen-hsin

popular sentiment

mien-ch'Iang

reluctance

chuan-i

to change

i - h s i n 1-1

wholeheartedly

chlng-cheng

competition

ib

43.

46. 47.

* *

1b

49. 50.

cr

48.

3I it

%

51. 52.

*

*

53. 54.

h> $

55. 56. 57. 58.

—

—

A

X> f -

51

•

% yin-huo

shao-shen

to kindle a f i r e and burn oneself

266 / LESSON 9 59.

shu-ch'ang

cheerfulness

chih-piao

target

tl en-ting

to lay the (foundation)

yu-hsien

priority

fen-ko

separately

64.

chlh-yueh

to condition

65.

ch'ien-tsai

potential

jen-11

man power

67.

ts'ai-li

financial power

68.

WU-ll

material power

Kung-ch'ing T'uan

abbreviation of

u

60.

ft

61.

* *

62. 63.

66.

- f a

St £]

i

A-

69.

^

a

f

)3} Communist Youth Corps 70.

f

chieh-chlen _

71. 72.

ri 31 H, f A4ËiînE, UÏ^rtT^^WXikÙ'j.f-SÛ^AqMXjkS ^ín^rít,

AS/flft*lW$5:*J, jfcjS 1958

•b+Tswm,finit1957 —•fôïïû^^. êtnm&ffirT i 9 5 » # H s « 0 i r t t J a « ^

Uo â M t t H . 1959 « 1959 4p, ffl 1958 1958 ¿ F C A f t i t & t i m .

KRttJk g « i MM

»MUttlMgWItiSlit.

st», » » «wííüs a

Mtë&Jimmfy,

(m&iü C9ftl H " A R B » ' )

t*

V O C A B U L A R Y : LESSON

1.

it« U 'Aa

11

Pei-tii-ho

Peitaiho

t z u - c h i h ch'ii

autonomous region

c h i h - h s i a shih

Central-governmentcontrolled municipality

shu-chi

secretary

5.

mien-hua

cotton

6.

chung-hsin

c e n t e r of g r a v i t y

7.

hsien-te

to a p p e a r

8.

hsien-ti

to o b j e c t to a f i g u r e a s too low

yu-liao

oil-bearing material

10.

fen-chi

by l e v e l s

11.

chi-tung

flexible

12.

shen-keng

d e e p ploughing

j e n - m i n kung-sh&

people's commune

ho-T

c o m b i n a t i o n into a body

hsiang-sh&

t o w n s h i p and c o m m u n e

ch'u-shlh

tendency

2. 3. 4.

9.

f

t it>

i*

13.

A.

14.

•o

It

^ 'A

15. 16.

*

*

284 / LESSON 11 17.

18.

%

t

19. 20.

&

szu-hai

four pests—mosquitoes, f l i e s , s p a r r o w s , and r a t s ; s p a r r o w s have been r e p l a c e d by bedbugs since 1960

chung-hsing

heavy type

chi-ch'uang

m a c h i n e tools (cf. 14-4j

t'ung-lii

c o p p e r and aluminum

LESSON

12

"Resolution on the Problem of Establishing the People's Communes in Rural Villages, Adopted by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party" JEN-MIN MH-PAO, S « p t * m b « r 10, 1 9 5 (

Land r e f o r m gave each Chinese peasant a small piece of land. Thereafter the Chinese Communists respected the ownership of land which the peasant had obtained. A f t e r the land distribution they established mutual-aid teams

and agricultural producer's

cooperatives

with a

view to establishing agricultural collectivism and socialism. The mutual-aid and cooperative movement took three forms: First, a simple mutual-aid team, which was the most primitive

example

and essentially temporary and seasonal. Second, the all-year mutualaid team, which was more advanced and owned a certain amount of common property.

Third, the agricultural-producers'

which was characterized

cooperative,

by putting in one's land as shares.

was also called a land cooperative.

This

This primitive cooperative de-

veloped into an advanced type, under which all peasants lost their lands. The Communists claimed that mutual-aid teams and cooperatives were necessary steps in the transfer from a small-scale individual economy to a l a r g e - s c a l e collective economy. Generally speaking, the mutual-aid team was introduced in mainland China after 1949, the primitive type of cooperative in 1951, and the advanced type in 1956. A resolution

adopted by the Politburo of the Central Committee

of the Chinese Communist Party at its enlarged session held at P e i taiho on August 29, 1958, established the people's communes.

The

resolution pointed out that under prevailing conditions the cooperatives could no longer meet the requirement

of the time, and the

286 / LESSON 12 large and comprehensive communes were the logical outcome of the march of events. The resolution further pointed out that the people's commune was an all-comprehensive unit, combining industry, agriculture, trade, education, and military affairs, and integrating government and commune administration into one; the people's commune was the best form of organization not only for the transition from collective ownership to ownership by the entire people, but also for the future transition from s o c i a l i s m to communism. This article i s the first official document for the establishment of the people's communes, and demonstrates that all important orders of the Chinese Communist government are issued in the name of the Central Committee of the Communist Party or jointly issued by the Central Committee and the State Council.

giSSêfé®*, ^ W f l f c f c Ä R » « » . « R T S E F * « ÄiE^^SiSfflrtWa^ÄSAÄÄitt&'iji^i^, J . * ^TfrESàlSi. A J ^ t t & M i m ^ Ä M Ä Ä i l & j k

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WÄAf4Ä*fc, Ê . â t í r r ^ ^ w ^ Ñ s g * .

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Ü l P l S I T À f l WS¿¡H»Ma ka*««,

X &

tTtttt isöSB, ttSSfií, I I

»Jfc&iäiÄM. X & M 5 * & X * i l f t f t M A JQ<»

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Ä

xttm

i-. r , ifhi'-j a m tat«, wl h a m , - f f m — ^ - * t , w í ^ ^ t T ^ ^ - i f i . « « ^ j k z b b , Ammw-m »iMfffifp, mm-}j&mñ%¡ *flj£-®t, A-, ^ T P S Í Í .

3¡¡ una fc aüWiWS, î t ffittJf, « i r X&R&mmmia. ê * g n n s f f l - h w&tt» KrJtHi&ä«-. - " x m î & m m i ï - , y f u m - ^ m ^ - u -tu

rM^KÄW-^M^^ft. Mt, « t t V f c S & T ^ ä l ' W i i f c . liTtrfil/Jii^/J^IK-ü-ji ist*«-« ^ m f ô i f l i m t i ! t ó ® ^ , -«JSi* -ê-^p^w/ifflic^'p isi^^ö'-j-Ättfm j a s

mmtíMmmmm&o Pimm «y«..*.

®?r-

t&mmm.r.

«•XilkftijÂSmi&àt^&îlfc^^iSËffJiÎI^— a««

-fcft^mjk,

WrïimTîFiSm

Ho ° A R & ï t i Ë - ^ Â M f t l i È i » , ^TWnÉWJL^^fír ítóKíh. je^^m iiÄfiäiJci], ft-ê-a^j^îiSo

mm, fstmœmx'h,

^nmm-itrn, M

^mm^m-mm^fsffmm^mm,

E9, »It+WSBTÄfllFttÄWI«. »lir^ffiftiP'W&ÄR*. St-é-íffí-^^tt, flt^««,

agitât« e*.

ffi^WÄÄW^, Ä#4üäS«t».

È»

288 / L E S S O N 12

in,

*»±ffJrtte

/J -m.

ab¡&hmstm, ^ j y & w , ss:«£&4hhiim. tp^A^um, to***-*«*« Ä. - « s , Ê m ^ t Ê & m t + i  i g t a K * . *

asfittift-m-m'-imsu, M&mmR-JkKTrttttm

H t t é & f t & A ^ M I t Ë , «WjTflGAWtr-feÄ«*

Ë S i f f l S K , 45c A W * » AfWMSff®*. a « * * » Ä , ¿HW-J^íft, ^r^Min53-SeMWR5Hs

mk. ^K^r'&ä^m-mm* ^ ' « ^ Ä X M ^ ^ ^ ä ) 0 itSNttMft.

Ä&WfW,

mn^^mìmm^m^m^i»,

srt ®5Es&i3f a¡asfcí«#íb H sten, s r , n^&'frxitm', fi^AK^tt^SÄtt^ ^Ä^^ftÄ^^JiilWÄlFWiBIIÜBÄ.

fl, tt, E ,

rahmst

«

ms., y^^m^-m-mm. ammr^^^ M, i n S f ê X « ! ; » , 45ÄßTrtg,. «aíJ&BH. ñt&r&m. iBHIISfcWittÄT. ^ S f c W I i X t f J i l i & T , it

RÄittTifeAÄTÄtliati^XMBWJifc M S R

«w-jftitÄaiÄ^ÄWAftte.

VOCABULARY:

1.

LESSON

n

m

2. 3.

fk *

4. 5.

t

*

6.

**

16

a

7.

*

8. 9.

if

£

10. 11.

f

41

12. 13.

4

-

14. 15. 16. 17.

A.

^ *

ft

12

tsu-tcLng

to r e s i s t

nung-t'ien

farm land

ch'eng-p&i

doubled

feng- shou

bumper harvest

shih-t'ang

mess hall

y u - e r h yiian

kindergarten

t ' o - e r h so

nursery

feng- i

sewing

li-fa

haircut

yu-t'ing

bathroom

hslng-fu yuan

happy home (for the aged)

hung-chuan

red and expert

tan-i

single

liao-k'uo

vast

jen-yen

men and kitchen smoke — population

hsi-shao

sparse

tl-hsing

topographical

290 / LESSON 12 18.

lien - sh&

federation of communes

19.

pu-chu

arrangement

ching-k&n

compact in s i z e and high in efficiency

ch&ng-sh&

the (township) government and the people's communes

sh&ng-chung nung

"upper-middle peasant"

chieh-ch'uan

to expose

I-ch'l ho-ch'eng

to finish in one breath

shlh-tien

experiment in selected area

pu-shi

deployment

keng-ts6

cultivation

20.

«+

21.

22.

JL +

H

23. 24.

-

K^

25.

*

26. 27.

^

28.

Q. &

chln-tu

rate of p r o g r e s s

29.

«

tzu-hsing

by itself

30.

ch'uan-lien

to link together

31.

chili- wu

indebtedness

ch'a-pieh

difference

hsi-chltng

s m a l l accounts

chao-p'ing

to make even

pu-ch'i

to make even

32.

1

n

*)

33. 34.

#6t

35. 36.

1--478 1--133 10--16 7C--59

a h

12- 21

c h ' e n g -hsii

1- 12

ch'eng-jan

2--96

4- 283

ch'eng-jfen

1--36

cheng-ts'&

2- 81

ch'eng-kung

1--130

Ch&ng-wu Yiian

3- 1

ch'eng-kuo

ch&ng-tang cheng-tang

iif i. 'i

Ch'eng ch'eng-h&o

4 "St Mil

f&J ^

4--491

3--53 1--178

ch'eng-11

is f»f 1 f*.

2--226

4 - 273

ch'eng-p&n

7A- 230

ch'eng-pao

ch'eng-chang

6 - 98

ch 'en g -p & i

12--3

ch'eng-chi

5 - 196

ch'eng-p6n

14-•162

ch'eng-chi

4 - 177

ch'eng-p'in

ch'eng-tao

-oo

2--374

4--51

330 / GLOSSARY ONE ch'eng-shlh

1-•452

chi-k&u

***

3-169

ch'eng-shdu

5-•106

chi-kuan

m

2-365

2- 301

chi-kuan ch'iang

1- 112

chi-lei

ch'eng-shu ch'eng-tu

*

i

^LJX

Ch'eng-wang ch'eng-wei A

ch'eng-yiian

7B- 24

AI

ch'Sng-ch'iang

2- 361

chi-mi chi-p&i

7A- 315

chl-pSn chl-p'6

***

1-75

n

chl-lleh

7A- 89

Chi

«t

chi-tl

£

chi-ch'i

1- 14

chl-ts'eng

i

chl-chin chl-ch'u

i i

4L

12- 39

chi-tung

1- 248

chi-ch'uang

11-•19

chi-chung

7A-•13

chi-feng

7A- 128

chl-hsi chl-hsleh-hua chi-hsii chi-huang chl-hui chu-1

*t

i

^ to n i itL C)

chi-ch'i

chi-chung

4-•60

chu-1

1- 501

6-127

%

*

7A-201 5-30 11-11 6-111

- i ^ i i t

chih-chui

chi-ch'iian

5- 101

1-288

^

chi-ch&n

5- 327

9- 71

5-107

14-144

2- 35

chf-t'ui

4-219

1-198

f

chl-chi

14- 147

2-358

1k

chi-shu

chi-chih chih

1-335

t H t

$ ^

4-•159

chi-ch'e

up

4-375

St

%

1-511 1 4 1-439

chi-feng p&o-yii chi-hsii

6-67 4 ^ 'v;? rfp

4-421

GLOSSARY ONE / 331 chi-hùi

1-351

chì-lù

chi-ping

4-76

chì-lù

chi-shih

2-410

Chì-nàn

chi-sù

4-86

Chì-nò-wéi-

a

chi-t'i

2-303

chi-t'i s5-yu chih chi-tsao

& 5-141

chì-shù

4-20

9-42

chì-sùan

8-45

chì-t'ò

4-333

chì-tsài

c h i - t u an

#

5-202

chì-yii

chi-t'uan

ti

4-114

chi-yuan

ft

2-331

T

-ixj io fi

5-318 7A-144 6-100

4-U

TU

9-2

Ch'i

12-40

chi-hu chl-chiao

7B-76

8-85

t &

chi-yii

1-493

chì-shèng

chi-tsào

ifl

6-3

yéh-fu

f i Jt

nung-ch'àng

io 41 : •Atutif. h

5-236

ch'I-chlen

6-255

ch'i-hslen

th n Ihfo -fc - À.

4-432 3-205 8-31

chi-ch'ing

7B-30

ch'i-i-wu

chì-ch'óu

12-50

ch'i-p'len

6-25

14-151

ch'i-tài

1-328

chì-ch'u

•io ^

chì-érh

3-157

ch'i-wàng

chì-hsu

1-383

ch'i-chl

2-60

ch'i-ch'iang

4-327

ch'i-chlh

3-75

ch'i-ì

chì-hùa chì-jàn chì-kùo

ti

tb &

«ili •li*- i l

4-355 7A-377 1-254

^Etft Tt

9-90 5-285

*

£

332 / GLOSSARY ONE ch'i-kuai

1-140

ch'i-shih

7A-293

ch'i-shih

4-324

chia-chln

5-306

ch'i-yii

2-54

chla-chung

3-202 2-212

Chia chla-ch'iang

2-439

34

ch'i-chla

7B-26

chia-chii

ch'i-chin

6-90

chia-chu

15-30

chia-huo

& fa ft

ch'i-fa ch'i-fu

5-177

chia-k'iiai

ch'i-x

3-104

chia-kung

7A-337

ch'T-ma ch'i-ts'cio ch'l-chih

2-85

t t

10-77

ch'l-fen ch'i-f6n

t u t

%

ch'i-hsiang

ch'i-kai ch'l-li

13-5 7A-149

chia-p'6 jen-wang chla-shu

7A-95

th

2-187

7C-55

chia-su

4-19

7B-62

chia-su ch'i

9-12

10-18

chia-t'ing

2-206

chla-wu

7B-110

10-27

chla-ko

6-107

10-81

chia-tzu

1-525 Ch'ia

6-158

ch'l-t'u

^r ®

2-406

Ch'ia-ta-Srh

ch'i-yfeh

^

1-411

Ch»ia-te-Srh

t

1-440

15-29

ch'l-hsiang w&n-ch'ien

7A-42

chia-s5

5-307

ch'i-ch'iu

a* M

ch'la-ch'la

5-243

-t

+

m

5-245 5-298

GLOSSARY ONE / 333 4 - 202

ch'ìa-tàng Chiang Chîang-Chè chíang-chün

Vi.

^

tft

f

7B- 75

ch'iang-tù

13- 15

ch'iang-chlh

6 - 34

ch'Tang-p'ò

1 - 387 Chiao

7B- 96

Chlang-hsï

10-•74

chlao-ào

Chiang-sü

10- 73

chlao-chlh chlao-hsieh

Chiang

51 / I

7A- 136 5- 373

hfíio

14-•77

1- 181

chíao-húan

2- 352

6-•128

chiao-hùan

4-•359

chïang-li

6-•189

chlao-i

chíang-lì

4--276

chìao-l

3--199

chíang-shih

4--139

chlao-liu

4--495

Chiang-yen

6--2

chlao-nà

2--215

chlang-chi

3--76

chiao-tài

t K

chlang-chih

3--77

Chíao-t'üng Pù

^ ì Ì M f

2--330

chlao-hsìng

8--49

chiao-lìang

9--40

Chìeh-shih chiang-hsí pän

i% % m

chíang-shih

*

13--14

chlang-ti

Chiao-t'ù szu,

Ch'iang ch'fang-hùa

31

ch'íang-lleh

a

ch'íang-shéng ch'iang-tà ch'iang-tìao

^

»&

& *

7A-•51

1--360

tsöu-köu p'ëng;

4--124

f è i - n i a o ch i n ,

5-- 2 3 1

líang-küng

1-- 4 1 3

ts'áng

5 -216

chìao-hsueh

4--305 7B--84

ij ^

JjÇj

7C - 2 2 4-- 1 3 7

334

/ G L O S S A R Y

O N E

l - 504

chleh-tuan

4- 56

chieh-an

chiao-shih

3- 336

chieh-chieh

chiao-shdu

4- 138

hsiao-min

2- 173

chieh-chi en

chlao-hsun

if

chiao-shlh

chlao-t'ang

ft *

**

chu-i chlao-ts'ai tsii

s

chiao-yii

^ H] ik H %

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GLOSSARY ONE / 345 ch'un-chieh

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