Методы проектирования ИУС в Rational Rose

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ɆɂɇɂɋɌȿɊɋɌȼɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɂ ɇȺɍɄɂ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɅɖɇɈȿ ȺȽȿɇɌɋɌȼɈ ɉɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂɘ

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ “ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ”

ɉɊɂɈɊɂɌȿɌɇɕɃ ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɉɊɈȿɄɌ “ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂȿ”

Ⱥ.ȼ. ɉɭɲɧɢɧ ȼ.ȼ. əɧɭɲɤɨ Ⱥ.ə. ɇɨɦɟɪɱɭɤ

ɆȿɌɈȾɕ ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɂɍɋ ȼ RATIONAL ROSE ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ

Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝ 2007

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ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ! ȼ ɫɪɟɞɟ Rose ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ.

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Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: • ; • Open Specification ( ); • Diagrams ( ) ; •

,

. Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: • Diagrams ;

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New > (Collaboration Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Class Diagram, Use Case Diagram) ( > ( , , , )); • . Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɢɡ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ:

30

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Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: • ; • Open Specification ( ). Relations; •

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ɋɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ Web-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɫ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: • Files ( ); • Insert URL ( ); • URL; •

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New > URL ( > URL. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ: ;

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. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ Web-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ: ; Web-

Files. Rose ;

•

.

•

; . Rose Web;

• • •

; Files; Open File/URL. Rose ;

Web-

•

.

• •

;

; Open. Rose Web. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ: •

34

•

; Delete (

).

Щ

3. 3.1. (actor) —

,

.

, , ,

.

UML

:

: ,

,

,

.

—

. .

ATM,

, .

,

,

,

. . ATM, . .

, . , ,

.

, .

, . , . . ,

, .

ATM ,

.

35

,

,

,

, ,

. , ,

,

,

. ,

,

,

. — .

, -

.

,

ATM

. ,

.

3.2. , : . . ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: • Actor ( ) ; •

•

>

• •

.

>

,

,

Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɛɪɚɭɡɟɪ:

•

•

Tools > Create > Actor ( ), . 12; , New Class; , . .

; New > Actor (

>

); New Class. UML;

36

• •

,

; ,

.

. 12.

3.3 , : .

,

.

37

. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: • ; • Delete. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ: • ; • Edit > Delete from Model CTRL+D; •

•

; Delete (

)

. Rose

. 3.4. , Rose

. (

. 13) (

, — cardinality) ,

.

,

. , .

,

Rose . ,

Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: • •

(

ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ

, (disabled). ɥɢɰɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ

; Open Specification

) ;

•

•

; Browse > Specification (

38

>

)

CTRL+B. .

. 13. , . Files (

General ( ).

), Detail (

), Relations (

)

. . 3.5. . •

•

•

. . Ⱦɚɬɶ ɢɦɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ; Open Specification (

); Name (

)

;

39

•

•

ɥɢɰɚ: • •

; . ȿɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ; ;

•

•

•

; Open Specification (

); Documentation (

) .

3.6. , . ,

Rose

, . , ,

. ,

•

•

•

Actor (

).

. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ: ; Open Specification (

); Stereotype (

)

.

ɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈ! Rose

, UML.

,

.

40

3.7. Rose

, .

,

,

, ,

(

, -

)

. Cardinality

. Rose :

Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ n( ) 0…0 0...1 0…n 1...1 1...n

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

: Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ < < < < < < <
1>…< >…n 1>, < 1>, 2> …< 1>…< 3>…


1

2>

1

2 2

1 3> 2>, 4>

2

3 1 3

2 4

Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: • ; • Open Specification ( );

41

• •

Detail (

);

Cardinality (

)

, .

3.8. , .

,

.

,

: ,

, . —

. —

.

"

"

,

. .

, . 14.

. 14. •

•

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ: ;

42

•

• •

; Open Specification (

); Detail; Abstract (

).

3.9. Relations , (

. 15). .

, . , .

. 15. ɥɢɰɨ: •

Relations

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ

•

; Open Specification

43

( • • •

•

• •

). Relations. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ: . ; ; Specification (

); .

Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ:

; Delete (

).

3.10. , Web(

.

)

(

.

Files 16).

Web,

, , ,

. , . .

. ɉɪɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ ɮɚɣɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: • Files; • Insert File ( ); • , ; • Open ( ), . Files .

44

. 16.

Files

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ Webɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ: • Files; • Insert URL ( ); • . . Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ; • • Files. Rose ; •

.

•

; , Rose ;

•

;

45

• •

Files; Open File/URL ( /

), Rose ;

•

.

• •

; ; Open (

). Rose

. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɫɫɵɥɤɟ ɧɚ Web-ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ: • ; • Files. Rose Web; •

.

•

; . Rose Web;

• • •

;

/

Files; Open File/URL ( Web-

). Rose .

•

.

• •

; ; Open (

). Rose

Web-

. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ: • ;

46

•

Delete (

).

3.11. , . Rose Report ( ). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɥɢɰɨ: • ; • Report > Show Instances ( > ); • Rose (

. 17).

, Browse (

. 17.

47

).

4.

.

.

4.1. UML . (uses), (actor

(communication),

(extends) generalization).

. , —

.

4.2 С

(communicates relationship) — . :

UML

, . “ “

” ”. :

“ “ “

ATM .

48

”. ”, ”,

:

ATM

“

”

,

; .

; . Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ: • Unidirectional Association ( ) ; • , , ; • , . Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ: • ; • Edit > Delete from Model ( > ) CTRL+D. 4.3. С

(uses relationship) . , .

”

ATM

“

“ ” ,

.

, ,

“

”.

, “ uses (

”. UML . 18.

),

" “

"

” “ ,

”. . .

, .

49

“

”

“

” — .

. 18. , .

, “

”, ” (extends relationships)

“ ,

.

. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: • Generalization ( ; • •

.

; Open Specification ( . 19.

), •

)

( . 20); Stereotype ( uses (

).

) ,

uses

. ;

ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ!

, .

50

. . 19.

. 20.

51

•

, .

uses

, .

, ( •

(

•

. 21)

; Abstract (

. 21. • •

Stereotype Label

);

).

Stereotype Label

Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ:

>

; Edit > Delete from Model ( CTRL+D.

)

52

4.4. С

(extends relationship) ,

. . . UML

extends (

),

. 22.

. 22. “

”

, “

”. ,

“

$40”

“

“ ” , “ ”— Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ: • Generalization ( ) ; • ( (

)

).

•

; Open Specification ( . 19.

),

53

”.

.

(

.

. 23);

. 23. •

Stereotype ( extends ( extends

)

).

, . ;

ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ! •

,

•

• • •

, .

; extends .

, ,

Stereotype Label ( . 21;

),

. Abstract ( Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ:

>

).

; Edit > Delete from Model ( CTRL+D.

)

54

4.5. (actor generalization relationship)

, ,

. :

. ,

. 24.

. 24. , “

: .

. ” — .

. , .

55

.

,

: . (

. 25).

. 25. . , ,

.

, , ,

,

. , . ,

,

. . , .

56

,

, .

,

. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: • ; • Generalization ( ) ; • ; • ; • Detail; • Abstract ( ). Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ: • ; • Edit > Delete from Model ( > ) CTRL+D. 4.6. (notes)

. ,

, ,

.

Rose Note

(

)

. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ. : (notes) (text box). , , , . ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: • Note ( );

57

•

-

•

, ;

, . Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ: • Anchor Note to Item ( ) ; • , , . (

. 26).

. 26. , . , , Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: • Text Box ( ) ; • ; . • , ɍɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɣ: • . ; • Delete. 4.7. UML , (packages).

,

58

,

, ,

,

.

.

UML

:

4.7.1. Rose ,

. .

Rose Package Overview ( ) Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ •

•

•

(Associations list). .

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɩɚɤɟɬ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ: ;

New > Package ( ),

>

. 27; . ,

. 4.7.2. Rose .

. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɫ

ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: • • Delete. , , • •

Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ:

; , .

Delete (

• •

; );

; Edit > Delete from Model (

59

> CTRL+D.

)

. 27. ɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈ! , .

60

5. 5.1. .

ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. — ! — , — ? — , , — , — .

,

. :

. . . — , .

.

.

,

, . Robertson's

Cabinets,

Inc.

—

,

. . , . .

, 50

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.

.

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.

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.

61

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.

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. , . 28.

5.2. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɢɰ (Main) Use ase (

,

. ) .

" • • • • •

". 2 :

3, ; ; ;

; .

62

Actor

(

) .

“

”. 6,

5 • • •

: ; ; .

. 28.

Щ “

ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ”,

. Open Specification

(

). Abstract ( .

63

),

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ Unidirectional Association ( ) “

”

“

”. 1,

. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ Generalization (

“

”

)

“

”. .

,

“

” “

Щ

”. “

(

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“

”. Open Specification

). extend

(

),

. extend

.

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ “

-

”. : “ ”. .

—

Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ . :“ , ”. . ɉɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɤ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Web“ ” (www. lory-press, ru)

64

Order Flow.doc, “

”. ,

,

. 29.

. 29. “

”

Щ “

”. Open Specification

(

). Щ

Files (

).

Insert File ( OpenFlow. doc (

),

). Open .

65

1. " 2.

. .,

. . J2EE

", 2002. — 272 . ., .UML

UML /

Rational Rose.-

Java. — .:

. .: "

", 2000. —

582 . 3. 4.

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.— 5. .: " 6. 7.

., . — .: .,

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-

:"

66

. —

.:

67

RATIONAL ROSE ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ

. . . . . .

№020565 № ___

23.06.1997 . . . . . - ___

.-

__.___.2007 . . . - ____ ______ .

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, 28, 17 ,

68

, 44 , 28,

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