Quodlibets 1 and 2 0888442769

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MEDIAEVAL SOURCES IN TRANSLATION

27

St. Thomas Aquinas

QUODLIBETAL QUESTIONS 1 AND 2 Translated with an Introduction and Notes by

SANDRA EDWARDS

T 1en9 i)flhr6'U� &, rlTt4tao.toO(llf1,

o

PONTIFICAL INSTITUTE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES

The publishing program of the Pontifical Institute is supported through the generosity of the De Rance Foundation.

CANADIAN CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA

Thomas, Aquinas, Saint, l 225?-1274. [Quaestiones de quodlibet. 1-2. English] Quodlibetal questions 1 and 2 (Mediaeval sources in translation, ISSN 0316-0874 ; 27) Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-88844-276-9 1. Theology - Middle Ages, 600-1500 - Miscellanea. I. Edwards, Sandra, 1944II. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. III. Title. IV. Title: Quaestiones de quodlibet. 1-2. English. V. Series. B765.T52E5 1983

189 '.4

C83-094011-1

© 1983 by Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies 59 Queen's Park Crescent East Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C4 PRINTED BY UNIVERSA PRESS, WETTEREN, BELGIUM

Contents

Abbreviations

VII

Introduction QuooLIBET 1

Question 1: God's Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Question 2: The Human Nature In Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article 1 30. Article 2 34. Question 3: Angels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article 1 36. Article 2 38. Question 4: Man -The Good in the Order of Nature . . . . . . Article 1 40. Article 2 44. Article 3 46. Question 5: Contrition Question 6: Confession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article 1 51. Article 2 52. Article 3 54. Question 7: Clerics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article 2 57. Article I 55. Question 8: Religious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article I 60. Article 2 61. Question 9: Sin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article 2 64. Article 3 65. Article I 63. Article 4 66. Question I 0: Glorified Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article I 68. Article 2 71. QuoDLIBET

29 30 36 39 49 51 55 60 63

68

2

Question I: Christ's Passion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article I 73. Article 2 75.

73

VI

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Question 2: Angels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article 2 80. Article I 77. Question 3: Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Question 4: Virtues in Relation to Divine Matter . . . . . . . . . Article I 87. Article 2 90. Article 3 94. Question 5: Virtues in Relation to Human Affairs Article I 98. Article 2 99. Question 6: Sins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article I IO I. Article 2 I02. Question 7: Punishments of Sins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article I I04. Article 2 I06.

77 85 87 97 IO I I03

Question 8: Forgiveness of Sins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article I I09. Article 2 111.

I09

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115

Index of Sources Cited by St. Thomas

123

General Index

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125

Abbreviations

Ad Cor. (Hebr.. Rom., Tit.)

Beitriige zur Geschichte der Phi/osophie und Theologie des Mi11elalters

BGPMA

cc CG

Comp. theol. Contra errores Graecorum

(Munster, 1891 - ) Corpus Christianorum series latina, Con­ tinuatio mediaevalis (Turnholti, 1953 - ) St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra gentiles, Leonine ed.. vols. 13-15 (Rome. 1918-1930) St. Thomas Aquinas, Compendium theo­ logiae, Leonine ed., vol. 42 (Rome, 1976) St. Thomas Aquinas. Contra errores Graecorum, Leonine ed., vol. 40 (Rome. 1967)

Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum lati­ norum, ed. G. Schepps and S. Brandt

CSEL

De duabus naturis

De div.

St. Thomas Aquinas, Expositio et lectura super epistolas Pauli apostoli (Tau­ rino, 1953)

110111.

De hebdomadibus

De perfect. vitae spirit. De potentia De �ep. subs.

(Vienna, 1866-1913) Boethius. Uber contra Eutychen et Nes­ torium, ed. E. K. Rand, The Theo­ logical Tractates (Cambridge, Mass., 1918), pp. 72-128; PL 64: 1337-1354 St. Thomas Aquinas, Expositio super Dio­ nysium de divinis nominibus. ed. C. Pera and P. Caramello (Taurino, 1950) Boethius, Quomodo substantiae in eo quad silll bonae sint. ed. E. K. Rand, The Theological Tractates (Cam­ bridge, Mass., 1918), pp. 38-50; PL 64: 1311-1314 St. Thomas Aquinas, De perfectione spiri­ tualis vitae, Leonine ed., vol. 41 (Rome, 1970) St. Thomas Aquinas. Quaestiones dis­ putatae de potentia, ed. P. M. Pession (Taurino, 1953) Thomas Aquinas, De substantiis sepa­ ratis, ed. F. J. Lescoe (West Hart­ ford, Conn.. 1962)

VIII

De ver. In Boeth. de hebdom. In De hebdomadibus In loann. In Mathaeum, In Matth. In Ps. In meta. PG

PL

Quaest. de anima Sent.

Spir. Creal. ST

Suppl.

ABBREVIATIONS

St. Thomas Aquinas, Quaestiones dispu­ tatae de veritate, Leonine ed., vol. 22 (Rome, 1970-1974) St. Thomas Aquinas, Expositio in librum Boethii de hebdomadibus. Marietti ed. (Taurino, 1954) See In Boeth. de hebdom. above St. Thomas Aquinas, Super evangelium Johannis lectura, ed. P. R. Cai (Taurino. 1952) St. Thomas Aquinas, Super evangelium Matthaei expositio, ed. P. Cai (Tau­ rino, 1951) St. Thomas Aquinas, Posti/la super Psal1110s. Parma ed., vol. 18 (Parma, C. 1865) St. Thomas Aquinas. In XII libros meta­ physicorum expositio, ed. M.-R. Ca­ thala (Taurino. 1935) Patrologia Graeco-Latina, ed. Jacques­ Paul Migne. Patrologiae Cursus Completus (Paris, 1844-1864; repr. Turnholti. 1958-1972) Patrologia Latina, in Patrologiae Cursus Completus as above St. Thomas Aquinas, Quaestiones de anima, ed. J. H. Robb (Toronto, 1968) Peter Lombard, libri IV sententiarum (2nd ed., Quaracchi, 1916) but also the commentaries on the Sentences of St. Bonaventure, St. Thomas Aquinas, etc. (see Bibliography) St. Thomas Aquinas, De spiritualibus creaturis. ed. L. Keeler (Rome, 1946) St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, Blackfriars ed. (Latin and English transl.) (New York, 1964-1969) St. Thomas Aquinas, Supplementum to Summa theologiae, Leonine ed.. vol. 12 (Rome, 1906)

Introduction

St. Thomas began his career at the University of Paris as a bachelor in theology in 1252. Although normally such a bachelor began his teaching duties as a bacca/aureus bib/icus, reading and commenting cursorily on the Bible to classes of undergraduates for two years, this requirement seems to have been waived in St. Thomas's case (possibly because he had already done such commentaries previously in Dominican houses), and he was admitted at the age of twenty­ seven as a senior bachelor or baccalaureus sententiarius. In such capacity he would lecture and comment upon the four books of Peter Lombard's Sententiae, a basic text in theology, for several years. During the time prior to receiving his master's degree, a bachelor had also to participate in both ordinary and extraordinary disputes. Presumably St. Thomas fulfilled this and all other requirements for he incepted