Papers of Thomas Jefferson. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 19: 16 September 1822 to 30 June 1823 9780691243283

Citation preview

THE PAPERS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON retirement series

T H E PA P E R S O F

Thomas Jefferson retirement series Volume 19 16 September 1822 to 30 June 1823 J. JEFFERSON LOONEY, the daniel p. jordan editor julie l. lautenschlager and robert f. haggard, senior associate editors andrea r. gray and ellen c. hickman, associate editors kerry dahm, assistant editor lisa a. francavilla, senior managing editor gary sellick and peyton brown hastings, editorial assistants susan spengler, technical specialist

princeton and oxford princeton university press 2022

Copyright © 2022 by Princeton University Press Princeton University Press is committed to the protection of copyright and the intellectual property our authors entrust to us. Copyright promotes the progress and integrity of knowledge. Thank you for supporting free speech and the global exchange of ideas by purchasing an authorized edition of this book. If you wish to reproduce or distribute any part of it in any form, please obtain permission. Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TR All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jefferson, Thomas, 1743–1826 The papers of Thomas Jefferson. Retirement series / J. Jefferson Looney, editor .  .  . [et al.] p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: v. 1. 4 March to 15 November 1809—[etc.]— v. 19. 16 September 1822 to 30 June 1823 ISBN [978-0-691-24327-6] (cloth: v. 19: alk. paper) 1. Jefferson, Thomas, 1743–1826—Archives. 2. Jefferson, Thomas, 1743–1826— Correspondence. 3. Presidents—United States—Archives. 4. Presidents—United States—Correspondence. 5. United States— Politics and government—1809–1817—Sources. 6. United States—Politics and government—1817–1825—Sources. I. Looney, J. Jefferson. II. Title. III. Title: Retirement series. E302.J442 2004b 973.4'6'092—dc22   2004048327 This book has been composed in Monticello Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources Printed in the United States of America

dedicated to the memory of ADOLPH S. OCHS publisher of the new york times 1896–1935

who by the example of a responsible press enlarged and fortified the jeffersonian concept of a free press

ADVISORY COMMITTEE LESLIE GREENE BOWMAN

JAMES P. McCLURE

CHARLES T. CULLEN

PETER S. ONUF

CHRISTA DIERKSHEIDE

ANDREW J. O’SHAUGHNESSY

ANNETTE GORDON-REED

DAVID M. SEAMAN

JAMES HORN

JOHN C. A. STAGG

DANIEL P. JORDAN

BRENT TARTER

JOHN P. KAMINSKI

ALAN TAYLOR

STANLEY N. KATZ

This edition was made possible by a founding grant from The New York Times Company to Princeton University. The Retirement Series is sponsored by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc., of Charlottesville, Virginia. It was created with a six-year founding grant from The Pew Charitable Trusts to the Foundation and to Princeton University, enabling the former to take over responsibility for the volumes associated with Jefferson’s retirement. Initial leadership gifts from Richard Gilder, Mrs. Martin S. Davis, and Thomas A. Saunders III, as well as subsequent generous gifts from Janemarie D. and Donald A. King, Jr., Alice Handy and Peter Stoudt, Harlan Crow, Mr. and Mrs. E. Charles Longley, Jr., and the Abby S. and Howard P. Milstein Foundation have assured the continuation of the Retirement Series. For these essential donations, and for other indispensable aid generously given by librarians, archivists, scholars, and collectors of manuscripts, the Editors record their sincere gratitude. The position of Editor of the Papers of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello is named in honor of Dr. Daniel P. Jordan, who served as the President of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation and guided Monticello from 1985 to 2008. Dr. Jordan’s vision and leadership led to the establishment in 1999 of The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, part of Monticello’s Robert H. Smith International Center for Jefferson Studies, which was also founded during Dr. Jordan’s tenure. A challenge grant, generously provided by the Abby S. and Howard P. Milstein Foundation in 2017, made this recognition possible, with matching support from many donors, including John and Renee Grisham, Roger and Susan Hertog, Mrs. Walter H. Helmerich III, Richard Gilder and Lois Chiles, J.F. and Peggy Bryan, Charles T. Cullen, Grady and Lori Durham, Brent and Lindsay Halsey, Janemarie D. and Donald A. King, Jr., and John L. Nau III.

FOREWORD

T

he 601 documents in this volume cover the period from 16 September 1822 to 30 June 1823. Jefferson’s daily life was complicated in November 1822 when a fall from the steps leading off of one of the terraces at Monticello left him with a broken left arm and an injured wrist. Within a few weeks of the accident he observed to his friend John Barnes that “for three days past I have begun to take my habitual exercise on horseback,” but in May 1823, during a ride “without a servant to attend him” and with his arm still in a sling, Jefferson tumbled into the Rivanna River when his horse became stuck in the muddy riverbed. While uninjured, he remarked that had he drowned, it might have been believed “that he had committed suicide,” presumably a wry comment on his insolvency. During this period Jefferson found temporary relief from his most pressing financial difficulty. Early in 1823 he succeeded in transferring from the Bank of the United States to the College of William and Mary the $20,000 debt he had incurred by cosigning notes for Wilson C. Nicholas. Jefferson’s grandson Thomas Jefferson Randolph, a son-in-law and executor of Nicholas, assumed responsibility for the loan, which was never fully repaid. Public awareness of the new University of Virginia was further enhanced with the publication of Peter Maverick’s engraving of the ground plan, which included the school’s architectural centerpiece, the Rotunda. Before Jefferson and the Board of Visitors approached the Virginia General Assembly for a final loan to complete that structure, the board requested an evaluation of the account books of the university and its predecessor, Central College. The resulting investigation, which showed that expenditures had been properly distributed and recorded, helped persuade the Virginia General Assembly to approve an additional $60,000 loan for the university in February 1823. Although construction continued, the opening date for the school remained uncertain. Nevertheless, educators reached out in search of employment. To bolster his claim for a post teaching languages, Thomas J. O’Flaherty sent a portfolio that included compositions in Greek, Latin, and French. Like others before him, he soon learned from Jefferson that his candidacy was “premature.” Despite Jefferson’s complaints of age and difficulty writing, numerous unsolicited letters continued to arrive. Henry Roi, a Swiss-born clock- and watchmaker in Hamburg, Pennsylvania, sent a lengthy essay describing his vision for a new utopian community where “an  vii 

FOREWORD

abundance of the necessairys of life” would “prevent the mischiefs that need creats.” Jefferson also received letters from France and the Netherlands, and he learned of the death of Giovanni Fabbroni, an old acquaintance from Florence. He continued to correspond with John Adams, although in April 1823 Jefferson wrote but apparently did not send him a particularly revealing letter on the subject of religion. Political and foreign affairs also occupied the thoughts of Jefferson and his correspondents at this time. France’s 1823 invasion of Spain in a successful effort to crush the revolutionary movement there and restore King Ferdinand VII to absolute power was discussed with James Monroe and William Short. The family at Monticello enjoyed a visit from the dashing José Antonio Miralla, with whom Jefferson talked about that revolutionary’s hopes for Cuban independence. On the domestic front Jefferson exchanged long letters with United States Supreme Court justice William Johnson in which both men commented on that tribunal’s history, composition, and jurisdiction. Other writers raised the issue of the approaching 1824 presidential contest, leading Jefferson to permit James O. Morse to publish a letter in which the ex-president emphasized his steadfast determination to “take no part in that election.” Jefferson similarly disappointed the hopes of Robert Mayo and William A. Bartow for a personal endorsement of their “library system of education,” but he subscribed to the newly formed Albemarle Library Society and helped prepare a list of books recommended for acquisition by that institution. His granddaughter Virginia J. Randolph (Trist) observed that the exclusion of novels from this catalogue was likely to disappoint the ladies of the county. Jefferson’s family expanded in November 1822, when his grandson Francis Eppes married Mary Elizabeth Randolph. Jefferson turned over to the newlyweds the mansion he had designed at Poplar Forest in Bedford County and made his last visit there in May 1823. He was saddened to learn that his neighbor James Monroe did not plan to return to live in Albemarle County when his presidency ended, but Jefferson understood his friend’s desire to be closer to his family, noting that “the society of our children is the sovereign balm of life, and the older we grow the more we need it, to fill up the void made by the daily losses of the companions and friends of our youth.” Discussing his own health and outlook in the same letter to Monroe, Jefferson wrote and then canceled “but my race is near it’s term, and not nearer, I assure you, than I wish.”

 viii 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

M

any individuals and institutions provided aid and encouragement during the preparation of this volume. Those who helped us to locate and acquire primary and secondary sources and answered our research questions include our colleagues at the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc., especially Anna Berkes and Endrina Tay of the Jefferson Library, Tabitha Corradi, Diane Ehrenpreis, Emilie Johnson, and Susan Stein of the Curatorial Department, and John McKee of the Marketing and Communications Department; Brianne Barrett at the American Antiquarian Society; Charles B. Greif­enstein of the American Philosophical Society; Chris Glass at the Boston Public Library; Roberta B. Schwartz in the George J. Mitchell Department of Special Collections and Archives at Bowdoin College; Lesley Martin from the Chicago History Museum Research Center; Jim Gerencser of the Archives and Special Collections Library at Dickinson College; Kate Collins and Elizabeth Dunn in the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University; Allen Merry in the Science and Wellness Department of the Free Library of Philadelphia; Scott Ellwood of the Grolier Club; Anthony DiGiovanni and Cary Hutto at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; Kate McGinn at the Indiana State Library; Anthony Jahn and Becki Plunkett at the State Historical Society of Iowa; our many friends at the Library of Congress, including Loretta Deaver, Patrick Kerwin, Bruce Kirby, Julie Miller, and Edith Sandler of the Manuscript Division, Erin Sid­ well and Heather Thomas in the Serial and Government Publications Division, and Eric Frazier and Amanda Zimmerman of the Rare Book and Special Collections Division; Tiffany Link at the Maine Historical Society; Dennis Northcott and Jason D. Stratman of the Missouri History Museum; Kaitlyn Krieg at the Morgan Library and Museum; Russell Hill of the National Archives and Records Administration; Ted O’Reilly at the New-York Historical Society; Tal Nadan from the New York Public Library; Eric Dillalogue of the Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania; Travis McDonald and Gail Pond at the Corporation for Jefferson’s Poplar Forest; Autumn Haag and Melinda Wallington of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation, River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester; Celeste Wiley from the South Carolina Historical Society Archives; Rebecca Michelson and Louise Smith, Special Collections Library at the University of Southern California; Judy Hynson from the Research and Library Collections at Stratford Hall; Anne Causey, Regina Rush, Penny White, and their  ix 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

colleagues at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia; Matthew Guillen of the Virginia Museum of History and Culture; Anne T. Johnson from the Special Collections Research Center, College of William and Mary; and Gayle Martinson at the Wisconsin Historical Society. As always, we received advice, assistance, and encouragement from many of our fellow documentary editors, including Gwen Fries and Neal Millikan at the Adams Papers; Christopher F. Minty at the John Dickinson Writings Project; John C. A. Stagg of the James Madison Papers; and Martha J. King and Bland Whitley of the Papers of Thomas Jefferson at Princeton University. We thank independent scholar Jonathan Powell for answering research queries. Genevieve Moene and Roland H. Simon transcribed and translated the French letters included in this volume; Coulter George assisted us with passages in Greek; Jonathan T. Hine lent his aid for an Italian document; and John F. Miller provided his expertise in Latin. The maps of Jefferson’s Virginia, Jefferson’s Albemarle, and the University of Virginia were created by Rick Britton. The other illustrations that appear in this volume were assembled with the assistance of Adrian Cubillas of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; Jonathan Hoppe at the Philadelphia Museum of Art; Brian E. Hogg, Mary E. Hughes, and Melanie Price in the Office of the Architect, Dan Addison in the Office of University Communications, and Christopher MacDonnell and Will M. Rourk, of the Scholars’ Lab Spatial Technologies, all of the University of Virginia; and Andrew Foster at the Virginia Museum of History and Culture. We thankfully acknowledge the efforts of the capable staff at Princeton University Press, including Carmina Alvarez-Gaffin, Meghan Kana­ bay, Dimitri Karetnikov, Erin Suydam, and our production editor, Lauren Lepow. The volume’s complex typesetting needs were ably addressed by Bob Bartleson and his colleagues at Integrated Publishing Solutions. With this volume Paula Viterbo departs from the title page. During her fifteen years as an Editorial Assistant, she has added to the accuracy of our transcriptions and enriched our annotations through her sharp eye and command of the sources in many European tongues. The Editors wish Paula all the best. We also bid farewell to Ellen C. Hickman, who joined the project in 2005, rose through the ranks from Editorial Assistant to Associate Editor, and contributed to our work in every possible way, combining a passion for quality work with a winning personality that endeared her to everyone at the Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Ellen will be keenly missed, but the Editors take comfort in knowing that she con x 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

tinues her career in documentary editing elsewhere and is thus not lost to the profession. Finally, the Editors deeply regret the death of Roland H. Simon on 26 May 2022. Professor Simon translated many of our French-­ language documents, and he reviewed every French transcription and translation from the beginning of the Retirement Series to the present. Our volumes have benefitted greatly from his careful eye, concern with accuracy, and constant search for le mot juste. His generous sharing of the fruits of his woodworking hobby, coupled with his charm, tact, sly wit, and joie de vivre, also endeared him to us personally. We will miss him greatly.

 xi 

EDITORIAL METHOD AND A P PA R AT U S 1. RENDERING THE TEXT

From its inception The Papers of Thomas Jefferson has insisted on high standards of accuracy in rendering text, but modifications in textual policy and editorial apparatus have been implemented as different approaches have become accepted in the field or as a more faithful rendering has become technically feasible. Prior discussions of textual policy appeared in Vols. 1:xxix–xxxiv, 22:vii–xi, 24:vii–viii, and 30:xiii–xiv of the First Series. The textual method of the Retirement Series will adhere to the more literal approach adopted in Volume 30 of the parent edition. Original spelling, capitalization, and punctuation are retained as written. Such idiosyncrasies as Jefferson’s failure to capitalize the beginnings of most of his sentences and abbreviations like “mr” are preserved, as are his preference for “it’s” to “its” and his characteristic spellings of “knolege,” “paiment,” and “recieve.” Modern usage is adopted in cases where intent is impossible to determine, an issue that arises most often in the context of capitalization. Some so-called slips of the pen are corrected, but the original reading is recorded in a subjoined textual note. Jefferson and others sometimes signaled a change in thought within a paragraph with extra horizontal space, and this is rendered by a three-em space. Blanks left for words and not subsequently filled by the authors are represented by a space approximating the length of the blank. Gaps, doubtful readings of illegible or damaged text, and wording supplied from other versions or by editorial conjecture are explained in the source note or in numbered textual notes. Foreign-language documents, the vast majority of which are in French during the retirement period, are transcribed in full as faithfully as possible and followed by a full translation. Two modifications from past practice bring this series still closer to the original manuscripts. Underscored text is presented as such rather than being converted to italics. Superscripts are also preserved rather than being lowered to the baseline. In most cases of superscripting, the punctuation that is below or next to the superscripted letters is dropped, since it is virtually impossible to determine what is a period or dash as opposed to a flourish under, over, or adjacent to superscripted letters. Limits to the more literal method are still recognized, however, and readability and consistency with past volumes are prime considerations.  xiii 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

In keeping with the basic design implemented in the first volume of the Papers, salutations and signatures continue to display in large and small capitals rather than upper- and lowercase letters. Expansion marks over abbreviations are silently omitted. With very rare exceptions, deleted text and information on which words were added during the process of composition is not displayed within the document transcription. Based on the Editors’ judgment of their significance, such emendations are either described in numbered textual notes or ignored. Datelines for letters are consistently printed at the head of the text, with a comment in the descriptive note when they have been moved. Address information, endorsements, and dockets are quoted or described in the source note rather than reproduced in the document proper. 2. TEXTUAL DEVICES

The following devices are employed throughout the work to clarify the presentation of the text. [.  .  .] [ ] [roman] [italic]

Text missing and not conjecturable. The size of gaps longer than a word or two is estimated in annotation. Number or part of number missing or illegible. Conjectural reading for missing or illegible matter. A question mark follows when the reading is doubtful. Editorial comment inserted in the text. Matter deleted in the manuscript but restored in our text. 3. DESCRIPTIVE SYMBOLS

The following symbols are employed throughout the work to describe the various kinds of manuscript originals. When a series of versions is included, the first to be recorded is the one used for the printed text. Dft Dupl MS PoC PrC RC SC Tripl

draft (usually a composition or rough draft; multiple drafts, when identifiable as such, are designated “2d Dft,” etc.) duplicate manuscript (arbitrarily applied to most documents other than letters) polygraph copy press copy recipient’s copy stylograph copy triplicate  xiv 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

All manuscripts of the above types are assumed to be in the hand of the author of the document to which the descriptive symbol pertains. If not, that fact is stated. The following types of manuscripts are assumed not to be in the hand of the author, and exceptions will be noted: FC Tr

file copy (applied to all contemporary copies retained by the author or his agents) transcript (applied to all contemporary and later copies except file copies; period of transcription, unless clear by implication, will be given when known) 4. LOCATION SYMBOLS

The locations of documents printed in this edition from originals in private hands and from printed sources are recorded in self-explanatory form in the descriptive note following each document. The locations of documents printed or referenced from originals held by public and private institutions in the United States are recorded by means of the symbols used in the MARC Code List for Organizations (2000) maintained by the Library of Congress. The symbols DLC and MHi by themselves stand for the collections of Jefferson Papers proper in these repositories. When texts are drawn from other collections held by these two institutions, the names of those collections are added. Location symbols for documents held by institutions outside the United States are given in a subjoined list. The lists of symbols are limited to the institutions represented by documents printed or referred to in this volume. CLjC CLSU CSmH

CtY CU-BANC DLC

James S. Copley Library, La Jolla, California University of Southern California, Los Angeles Huntington Library, San Marino, California  JF Jefferson File  JF-BA Jefferson File, Bixby Acquisition Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut University of California, Bancroft Library, Berkeley Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.  NPT Nicholas Philip Trist Papers  TJ Papers      Thomas Jefferson Papers (this is assumed if not stated, but also given as indicated to furnish the precise location of an undated, misdated, or otherwise problematic            

 xv 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

DNA

 document, thus “DLC: TJ Papers, 213:38071–2” represents volume 213, folios 38071 and 38072 as the collection was arranged at the time the first microfilm edition was made in 1944–45. Access to the microfilm edition of the collection as it was rearranged under the Library’s Presidential Papers Program is provided by the Index to the Thomas Jefferson Papers [1976]) National Archives, Washington, D.C., with identifications of series (preceded by record group number) as follows:  CD Consular Dispatches  CS Census Schedules  CSRCGSONEM Compiled Service Records of Confederate General and Staff Officers, and Nonregimental Enlisted Men  CSRW1812 Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Soldiers who Served During the War of 1812  ESRT Estimates and Statements by the Register of the Treasury  IPNYC Index to Petitions for Naturalization, New York City  LAR Letters of Application and Recommendation  LRAEDP Landing Reports of Aliens from the United States Circuit and District Courts for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania  MLR Miscellaneous Letters Received  MLRSN Miscellaneous Letters Received by the Secretary of the Navy  NPM Naturalization Petitions to the United States Circuit and District Courts for Maryland  PLVNY Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York  xvi 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

 PLVP

FMU IaHi ICHi ICN InU KyRE MBCo MBPLi MCR-S MdHi MeB MeHi MH MHi MiDbEI MiU-C MoSB MoSHi

MoSW Nc-Ar

Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Philadelphia  PRWP Compiled Service Records: Post-Revolutionary War Papers  RACSC Record of Admissions to Citizenship, South Carolina District  RAP Records of Appointment of Postmasters University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines and Iowa City Chicago History Museum, Chicago, Illinois Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois Indiana University, Bloomington Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine Maine Historical Society, Portland Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston Edison Institute, Henry Ford Museum, and Greenfield Village Library, Dearborn, Michigan Clements Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis Missouri History Museum, Saint Louis  TJC-BC Thomas Jefferson Collection, text formerly in Bixby Collection Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri North Carolina Office of Archives and History, Raleigh  xvii 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

NCanHi NcD NcU NHi NjP NN NNC NNGL NNMus NNPM NRU NSchU PHC PHi PPAmP PPL PSC-Hi ScHi TxDaHCL TxU Vi ViCMRL ViHi ViU

Ontario County Historical Society, Canandaigua, New York Duke University, Durham, North Carolina University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill  NPT Southern Historical Collection, Nicholas Philip Trist Papers New-York Historical Society, New York City Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey New York Public Library, New York City Columbia University, New York City Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York City Museum of the City of New York, New York City Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City University of Rochester, Rochester, New York Union College, Schenectady, New York Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Library Company of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston Harlan Crow Library, Dallas, Texas University of Texas, Austin Library of Virginia, Richmond Thomas Jefferson Library, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia Virginia Historical Society, Richmond University of Virginia, Charlottesville  CC Carr-Cary Family Papers  ECUVa Papers concerning the Establishment and Construction of the University of Virginia  ER Edgehill-Randolph Papers  JHC John Hartwell Cocke Papers  PP Papers from the Office of the Proctor and Papers of the Proctor of the University of Virginia  xviii 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

 TJP  TJP-CC  TJP-Co  TJP-ER  TJP-PC  TJP-PP

 TJP-VMJB

 TJP-VMJCC

 TJP-VMJHC

 TJP-VMTJ

 xix 

Thomas Jefferson Papers Thomas Jefferson Papers, text formerly in Carr-Cary Papers Thomas Jefferson Papers, text formerly in Cocke Papers Thomas Jefferson Papers, text formerly in EdgehillRandolph Papers Thomas Jefferson Papers, text formerly in Philip B. Campbell Deposit Thomas Jefferson Papers, text formerly in Papers of the Proctor of the University of Virginia Thomas Jefferson Papers, Visitors Minutes, University of Virginia and its predecessors, copy prepared after 7 Oct. 1826 for James Breckinridge Thomas Jefferson Papers, Visitors Minutes, University of Virginia and its predecessors, copy prepared after 7 Oct. 1826 for Joseph C. Cabell Thomas Jefferson Papers, Visitors Minutes, University of Virginia and its predecessors, copy prepared after 7 Oct. 1826 for John H. Cocke Thomas Jefferson Papers, Visitors Minutes, University of Virginia and its predecessors, original manuscript largely in Thomas Jefferson’s hand during the period of his service

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

ViW

WHi

College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia  TC Tucker-Coleman Collection  TC-JP Jefferson Papers, TuckerColeman Collection  TJP Thomas Jefferson Papers Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison

The following symbols represent repositories located outside of the United States: FrlM UkNA

Archives Départementales de la Marne, Châlons-enChampagne, France National Archives, Kew, United Kingdom

5. OTHER ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are commonly employed in the annotation throughout the work. Lb  Letterbook (used to indicate texts copied or assembled into bound volumes) RG  Record Group (used in designating the location of documents in the Library of Virginia and the National Archives) SJL  Jefferson’s “Summary Journal of Letters” written and received for the period 11 Nov. 1783 to 25 June 1826 (in DLC: TJ Papers). This epistolary record, kept in Jefferson’s hand, has been checked against the TJ Editorial Files. It is to be assumed that all outgoing letters are recorded in SJL unless there is a note to the contrary. When the date of receipt of an incoming letter is recorded in SJL, it is incorporated in the notes. Information and discrepancies revealed in SJL but not found in the letter itself are also noted. Missing letters recorded in SJL are accounted for in the notes to documents mentioning them, in related documents, or in an appendix TJ  Thomas Jefferson TJ Editorial Files  Photoduplicates and other editorial materials in the office of the Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement ­Series, Jefferson Library, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc., Charlottesville d Penny or denier ƒ Florin or franc £ Pound sterling or livre, depending on context (in doubtful cases, a clarifying note will be given)  xx 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

s ₶  „

Shilling or sou (also expressed as /) Livre Tournois Per (occasionally used for pro, pre)

Old-style guillemet (European quotation mark) 6. SHORT TITLES

The following list includes short titles of works cited frequently in this edition. Since it is impossible to anticipate all the works to be cited in abbreviated form, the list is revised from volume to volume. Acts of Assembly  Acts of the General Assembly of Virginia (cited by session; title varies over time) ANB  John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes, eds., American National Biography, 1999, 24 vols. Annals  Annals of the Congress of the United States: The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States .  .  . Compiled from Authentic Materials, Washington, D.C., Gales & Seaton, 1834–56, 42 vols. (All editions are undependable and pagination varies from one printing to another. Citations given below are to the edition mounted on the Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation website of the Library of Congress and give the date of the debate as well as page numbers.) APS  American Philosophical Society ASP  American State Papers: Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States, 1832–61, 38 vols. Axelson, Virginia Postmasters  Edith F. Axelson, Virginia Postmasters and Post Offices, 1789–1832, 1991 BDSCHR  Walter B. Edgar and others, eds., Biographical Directory of the South Carolina House of Representatives, 1974– , 5 vols. Betts, Farm Book  Edwin M. Betts, ed., Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book, 1953 (in two separately paginated sections; unless otherwise specified, references are to the second section) Betts, Garden Book  Edwin M. Betts, ed., Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, 1766–1824, 1944 Biog. Dir. Cong.  Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–Present, online resource, Office of the Clerk, United States House of Representatives Biographie universelle  Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne, new ed., 1843–65, 45 vols. Black’s Law Dictionary  Bryan A. Garner and others, eds., Black’s Law Dictionary, 7th ed., 1999  xxi 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

Brigham, American Newspapers  Clarence S. Brigham, History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690–1820, 1947, 2 vols. Bruce, University  Philip Alexander Bruce, History of the University of Virginia 1819–1919: The Lengthened Shadow of One Man, 1920–22, 5 vols. Bush, Life Portraits  Alfred L. Bush, The Life Portraits of Thomas Jefferson, rev. ed., 1987 Cabell, University of Virginia  [Nathaniel Francis Cabell], Early History of the University of Virginia, as contained in the letters of Thomas Jefferson and Joseph C. Cabell, 1856 Calhoun, Papers  Robert L. Meriwether, W. Edwin Hemphill, Clyde N. Wilson, and others, eds., The Papers of John C. Calhoun, 1959–2003, 28 vols. Callahan, U.S. Navy  Edward W. Callahan, List of Officers of the Navy of the United States and of the Marine Corps from 1775 to 1900, 1901, repr. 1969 Chambers, Poplar Forest  S. Allen Chambers, Poplar Forest & Thomas Jefferson, 1993 Clay, Papers  James F. Hopkins and others, eds., The Papers of Henry Clay, 1959–92, 11 vols. CVSP  William P. Palmer and others, eds., Calendar of Virginia State Papers .  .  . Preserved in the Capitol at Richmond, 1875–93, 11 vols. DAB  Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone, eds., Dictionary of American Biography, 1928–36, 20 vols. Dartmouth Catalogue  General Catalogue of Dartmouth College and the Associated Schools, 1769–1925, 1925 DBF  Dictionnaire de biographie française, 1933– , 22 vols. Dexter, Yale Biographies  Franklin Bowditch Dexter, Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College, 1885–1912, 6 vols. DSB  Charles C. Gillispie, ed., Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 1970–80, 16 vols. DVB  John T. Kneebone, Sara B. Bearss, and others, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, 1998– , 3 vols. EG  Dickinson W. Adams and Ruth W. Lester, eds., Jefferson’s Extracts from the Gospels, 1983, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Second Series Fairclough, Horace: Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica  Horace: Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough, Loeb Classical Library, 1926, repr. 2005 Fairclough, Virgil  Virgil, trans. H. Rushton Fairclough, Loeb Classical Library, 1916–18, rev. by G. P. Goold, 1999–2000, repr. 2002–06, 2 vols.  xxii 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

Ford  Paul Leicester Ford, ed., The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Letterpress Edition, 1892–99, 10 vols. Harvard Catalogue  Harvard University Quinquennial Catalogue of the Officers and Graduates, 1636–1925, 1925 HAW  Henry A. Washington, ed., The Writings of Thomas Jeffer­ son, 1853–54, 9 vols. Heitman, Continental Army  Francis B. Heitman, comp., Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army during the War of the Revolution, April, 1775, to December, 1783, rev. ed., 1914, repr. 1967 Heitman, U.S. Army  Francis B. Heitman, comp., Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, 1903, repr. 1994, 2 vols. Hening  William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia, Richmond, 1809–23, 13 vols.; Sowerby, no. 1863; Poor, Jefferson’s Library, 10 (no. 573) Hinshaw, Quaker Genealogy  William Wade Hinshaw and others, Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy, 1936–50, repr. 1969–77, 6 vols. Hoefer, Nouv. biog. générale  J. C. F. Hoefer, Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu’a nos jours, 1852–83, 46 vols. Jackson, Papers  Sam B. Smith, Harold D. Moser, Daniel Feller, and others, eds., The Papers of Andrew Jackson, 1980– , 11 vols. JCC  Worthington C. Ford and others, eds., Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789, 1904–37, 34 vols. Jefferson Correspondence, Bixby  Worthington C. Ford, ed., Thomas Jefferson Correspondence Printed from the Originals in the Collections of William K. Bixby, 1916 JEP  Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States JHD  Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia JHR  Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States JS  Journal of the Senate of the United States JSV  Journal of the Senate of Virginia Kimball, Jefferson, Architect  Fiske Kimball, Thomas Jefferson, Architect, 1916 L & B  Andrew A. Lipscomb and Albert E. Bergh, eds., The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Library Edition, 1903–04, 20 vols. LCB  Douglas L. Wilson, ed., Jefferson’s Literary Commonplace Book, 1989, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Second Series Leavitt, Poplar Forest  Messrs. Leavitt, Catalogue of a Private Library .  .  . Also, The Remaining Portion of the Library of the Late  xxiii 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

Thomas Jefferson .  .  . offered by his grandson, Francis Eppes, of Poplar Forest, Va., 1873 LeCB  David Thomas Konig, Michael P. Zuckert, and others, eds., Jefferson’s Legal Commonplace Book, 2019, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Second Series Leitch Daybook  MS daybook of Charlottesville merchant James Leitch, 2 Mar. 1820–8 May 1823, ViCMRL, on deposit ViU, bound volume with ruled paper, in a clerk’s hand Leonard, General Assembly  Cynthia Miller Leonard, comp., The General Assembly of Virginia, July 30, 1619–January 11, 1978: A Bicentennial Register of Members, 1978 List of Patents  A List of Patents granted by the United States from April 10, 1790, to December 31, 1836, 1872 Litchfield Law School  The Litchfield Law School, 1784–1833, 1900 Longworth’s New York Directory  Longworth’s American Almanac, New-York Register, and City Directory, New York, 1796–1842 (title varies; cited by year of publication) MACH  Magazine of Albemarle County History, 1940–  (title varies; issued until 1951 as Papers of the Albemarle County Historical Society) Madison, Papers  William T. Hutchinson, Robert A. Rutland, John C. A. Stagg, and others, eds., The Papers of James Madison, 1962– , 43 vols. Congress. Ser., 17 vols. Pres. Ser., 11 vols. Retirement Ser., 3 vols. Sec. of State Ser., 12 vols. Malone, Jefferson  Dumas Malone, Jefferson and his Time, 1948–81, 6 vols. Marshall, Life of George Washington  John Marshall, The Life of George Washington, Philadelphia, 1804–07, 5 vols.; Sowerby, no. 496; Poor, Jefferson’s Library, 4 (no. 133) Marshall, Papers  Herbert A. Johnson, Charles T. Cullen, Charles F. Hobson, and others, eds., The Papers of John Marshall, 1974– 2006, 12 vols. MB  James A. Bear Jr. and Lucia C. Stanton, eds., Jefferson’s Memorandum Books: Accounts, with Legal Records and Miscellany, 1767–1826, 1997, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Second Series Miller, Treaties  Hunter Miller, ed., Treaties and other International Acts of the United States of America, 1931–48, 8 vols. Nichols, Architectural Drawings  Frederick Doveton Nichols, Thomas Jefferson’s Architectural Drawings, 1961, 5th ed., 1984  xxiv 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

Notes, ed. Peden  Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, ed. William Peden, 1955, repr. 1995 OCD  Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, eds., The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2003 ODNB  H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison, eds., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004, 60 vols. OED  James A. H. Murray, J. A. Simpson, E. S. C. Weiner, and others, eds., The Oxford English Dictionary, 2d ed., 1989, 20 vols. Peale, Papers  Lillian B. Miller and others, eds., The Selected ­Papers of Charles Willson Peale and His Family, 1983– , 5 vols. in 6 Pierson, Jefferson at Monticello  Hamilton W. Pierson, Jefferson at Monticello: The Private Life of Thomas Jefferson, From Entirely New Materials, 1862 Poor, Jefferson’s Library  Nathaniel P. Poor, Catalogue. President Jefferson’s Library, 1829 Princetonians  James McLachlan and others, eds., Princetonians: A Biographical Dictionary, 1976–90, 5 vols. PTJ  Julian P. Boyd, Charles T. Cullen, John Catanzariti, Barbara B. Oberg, James P. McClure, and others, eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 1950– , 45 vols. PW  Wilbur S. Howell, ed., Jefferson’s Parliamentary Writings, 1988, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Second Series Randall, Life  Henry S. Randall, The Life of Thomas Jefferson, 1858, 3 vols. Randolph, Domestic Life  Sarah N. Randolph, The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson, Compiled from Family Letters and Reminiscences by His Great-Granddaughter, 1871 Report and Documents for 1822  Report and Documents respecting the University of Virginia, Richmond, 1823, containing a 7 Oct. 1822 report by the Board of Visitors and supporting documents Report of the Kentucky Commissioners  Report of the Commis­ sioners appointed by the General Assembly of Kentucky, at their October session 1821, to collect information, prepare and report a System of Common Schools, Frankfort, 1822 Shackelford, Descendants  George Green Shackelford, ed., Collected Papers .  .  . of the Monticello Association of the Descendants of Thomas Jefferson, 1965–84, 2 vols. Sowerby  E. Millicent Sowerby, comp., Catalogue of the Library of Thomas Jefferson, 1952–59, 5 vols. Sprague, American Pulpit  William B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, 1857–69, 9 vols.  xxv 

E D I T O R I A L M E T H O D A N D A P PA R AT U S

Stein, Worlds  Susan R. Stein, The Worlds of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello, 1993 Terr. Papers  Clarence E. Carter and John Porter Bloom, eds., The Territorial Papers of the United States, 1934–75, 28 vols. Thomas, Columbia University Officers and Alumni  Milton Halsey Thomas, Columbia University Officers and Alumni, 1754–1857, 1936 TJR  Thomas Jefferson Randolph, ed., Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies, from the Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 1829, 4 vols. True, “Agricultural Society”  Rodney H. True, “Minute Book of the Agricultural Society of Albemarle,” Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1918 (1921), 1:261–349 U.S. Reports  Cases Argued and Decided in the Supreme Court of the United States, 1790–  (title varies; originally issued in distinct editions of separately numbered volumes with U.S. Reports volume numbers retroactively assigned; original volume numbers here given parenthetically) U.S. Statutes at Large  Richard Peters, ed., The Public Statutes at Large of the United States .  .  . 1789 to March 3, 1845, 1845–67, 8 vols. Va. Reports  Reports of Cases Argued and Adjudged in the Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1798–  (title varies; originally issued in distinct editions of separately numbered volumes with Va. Reports volume numbers retroactively assigned; original volume numbers here given parenthetically) VMHB  Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 1893– Washington, Papers  W. W. Abbot and others, eds., The Papers of George Washington, 1983– , 69 vols. Colonial Ser., 10 vols. Confederation Ser., 6 vols. Pres. Ser., 21 vols. Retirement Ser., 4 vols. Rev. War Ser., 28 vols. William and Mary Provisional List  A Provisional List of Alumni, Grammar School Students, Members of the Faculty, and Members of the Board of Visitors of the College of William and Mary in Virginia. From 1693 to 1888, 1941 WMQ  William and Mary Quarterly, 1892– Woods, Albemarle  Edgar Woods, Albemarle County in Virginia, 1901, repr. 1991  xxvi 

CONTENTS Fo r ew o r d Ack no w led g m e n t s E d ito r ia l Me t ho d a n d A p pa rat u s Ma ps I llu st ratio n s Jeff e r so n C h r o n o l o gy

l {1822} l

l l

k

'

From Caesar A. Rodney, 16 September From Thomas Eston Randolph, 18 September Ennion Williams’s List of Achievements, 19 September Transactions with James Leitch, 20 September 1822–3 May 1823 From George Hadfield, 22 September From Constantine S. Rafinesque, 24 September To Thomas Eston Randolph, 24 September To Thomas Eston Randolph, 24 September From Thomas Eston Randolph, 24 September To Beriman B. Breedin, 25 September To Peter Derieux, 25 September To Robert Mills, 25 September To Chiles Terrell, 25 September To William J. Coffee, 26 September To Thomas Eston Randolph, 26 September To Patrick Gibson, 27 September To Bernard Peyton, 27 September From Thomas Eston Randolph, 27 September From James Wilkinson, 27 September From Joseph Antrim, 29 September From James Cutbush, 29 September From James F. Dana, [before 30] September To Patrick Gibson, 30 September From Bernard Peyton, 30 September From Joseph C. Cabell, 3 October From Bernard Peyton, 3 October From William Lambert, enclosing Table of Logarithms, 4 October From Cornelius Camden Blatchly, 6 October To Bernard Peyton, 7 October

 xxvii 

vii ix xiii xlv liii 2

3 4 6 8 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 22 23 24 25 25 25 26 28 28 29 30 30 31 32 33 36 37

CONTENTS From Bernard Peyton, 7 October Minutes of University of Virginia Board of Visitors, 7 October University of Virginia Board of Visitors Report to Literary Fund President and Directors, 7 October, enclosing I. Alexander Garrett’s Account with the University of Virginia, 30 March II. Alexander Garrett’s Account with the University of Virginia, 7 October III. Alexander Garrett’s General Account with the University of Virginia, 7 October IV. Alexander Garrett’s Statement of Unappropriated Funds of the University of Virginia, 7 October V. Arthur S. Brockenbrough’s Statement of Construction Payments for University of Virginia Buildings, [after 30 March] Albemarle County Circuit Court Order in Jefferson v. John Hudson and Charles Hudson and Christopher Hudson v. John Hudson and Charles Hudson, [9 October] To James Cutbush, 9 October To James F. Dana, 9 October To Bernard Peyton, 9 October To Constantine S. Rafinesque, 9 October From Chiles Terrell, 9 October To J. F. Daniel Lobstein, 10 October From Bernard Peyton, with Jefferson’s Note, 10 October From John Quincy Adams, 11 October To Arthur S. Brockenbrough, enclosing Advertisement for Richmond Enquirer and Charlottesville Central Gazette, 11 October From James Monroe, 11 October From Thomas M. Randolph (1798–1835), 11 October To William Gough, 12 October To Constantine S. Rafinesque, 13 October From John Adams, 15 October To Benjamin Waterhouse, 15 October From Thomas Appleton, 17 October From Thomas Appleton, with Jefferson’s Note, 17 October From Henry A. S. Dearborn, 17 October From Bernard Peyton, 17 October From Thomas Cooper, 18 October From Nicholas Herbemont, 18 October

 xxviii 

38 39 40 46 53 60 61

62

63 64 64 65 65 66 68 69 69

70 71 71 72 73 73 74 75 77 78 78 79 81

CONTENTS From George Runnels, 18 October To William Short, 19 October To Bernard Peyton, 2[0] October To James Rawlings, 20 October To Cornelius Camden Blatchly, 21 October From John H. Cocke, 21 October To John Quincy Adams, 23 October To Charles Willson Peale, 23 October To Stackelberg, 23 October To Maria Cosway, 24 October From Frederick A. Mayo, 24 October From Bernard Peyton, 24 October From Dabney C. Terrell, 25 October From Elbridge Gerry (1793–1867), 26 October Receipt from Willis Liggan, 26 October From Thomas Oxley, 26 October To William Johnson, 27 October From Nelson Barksdale, 28 October To Lafayette, 28 October Receipt from Arthur S. Brockenbrough, 29 October From Henry A. S. Dearborn, with Jefferson’s Note, 29 October To Albert Gallatin, 29 October From Patrick Gibson, 29 October From Charles Willson Peale, 29 October From Stackelberg, 29 October To William Barret, 30 October To Bernard Peyton, 30 October To David Bailie Warden, 30 October To Daniel Brent, 31 October To Henry Dearborn, 31 October To Henry A. S. Dearborn, 31 October From Francis Eppes, 31 October From John Vaughan, 31 October From William C. Preston, October, enclosing Defense of William Campbell, 1 September To John Adams, 1 November To Thomas Cooper, 2 November To John Quincy Adams, 3 November To Nicholas Herbemont, [3] November To George Runnels, 3 November From John Campbell, 4 November

 xxix 

83 83 85 86 86 87 88 88 89 89 91 91 92 93 95 95 96 100 101 102 103 104 106 106 109 110 110 111 112 112 114 114 116 117 124 126 128 129 129 130

CONTENTS From John H. Huffman, 4 November From Bernard Peyton, 4 November, enclosing Account for Flour Sales, 2 November From James Smith (of Ohio), 4 November From John Quincy Adams, 6 November To Frederick A. Mayo, 6 November To Henry A. S. Dearborn, [6] November From Nelson Nicholas, 6 November To Bernard Peyton, 6 November From Daniel Brent, 7 November From Virgil Maxcy, 8 November To John Campbell, 10 November To John H. Huffman, 10 November To Thomas Oxley, 10 November To John Vaughan, 10 November From William Annesley, 11 November From Bernard Peyton, 11 November From Peter Maverick, enclosing Engraving of the Ground Plan of the University of Virginia, 12 November From Frederick A. Mayo, 12 November From William Short, 12 November Extract from Virginia J. Randolph (Trist) to Nicholas P. Trist, 12 November To William C. Preston, 13 November From Bernard Peyton, 14 November, enclosing Account for Flour Sales, 12 November From Nicholas Johnson, 15 November From Arthur S. Brockenbrough, 18 November Notes on Account with Boyd Miller, [ca. 18 November] From William Radford, 19 November From Francis Vacher, 19 November To William Annesley, [20 November] From Thomas Cooper, 20 November From Égide Norbert Cornelissen, 20 November To Peter Maverick, 20 November To Virgil Maxcy, 20 November To Frederick A. Mayo, [20 November] To John Vaughan, 20 November To Arthur S. Brockenbrough, 21 November From Thomas J. Johnston, 21 November From Thomas Mann Randolph, 21 November From John Barnes, 22 November

 xxx 

131 132 133 135 135 136 136 137 138 138 140 141 141 141 142 143 144 146 146 149 151 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 161 162 163 163 163 164 166 168

CONTENTS To James Madison, 22 November From DeWitt Clinton, 23 November From John H. Cocke, 23 November To Elbridge Gerry (1793–1867), 23 November Inspection and Settlement of Accounts of Central College and University of Virginia I. John H. Cocke’s Certification of Alexander Garrett’s Accounts as Central College Proctor, 23 November II. John H. Cocke’s Certification of Nelson Barksdale’s Accounts as Central College Proctor, 23 November III. John H. Cocke’s Certification of Nelson Barksdale’s Accounts as University of Virginia Proctor, 23 November IV. John H. Cocke’s Report on Arthur S. Brockenbrough’s Accounts as University of Virginia Proctor, 23 November V. John H. Cocke’s Certification of Items Omitted in Nelson Barksdale’s Accounts as Central College Proctor, 23 November VI. John H. Cocke’s Recapitulation of Central College and University of Virginia Proctorial Accounts, 23 November VII. Martin Dawson’s Report on Central College and ­University of Virginia Accounts, 23 November VIII. Martin Dawson’s Balance Sheet for the University of Virginia, 23 November IX. Martin Dawson’s Revised Balance Sheet for the University of Virginia, 25 November To Thomas Mann Randolph, 24 November From Henry A. S. Dearborn, 25 November From James Monroe, 25 November From Horatio G. Spafford, 25 November From John Vaughan, 26 November To William Lambert, 29 November To John Barnes, 30 November From John Browne Cutting and Thomas Law, 30 November To William Radford, 30 November To James Monroe, 1 December From John Adams, 2 December From George F. Hopkins, 2 December From Benjamin King, 2 December From William Lambert, 2 December From Robert Greenway, 3 December From William Lambert, 3 December From Richard McCall, 3 December

 xxxi 

169 171 172 172 173 174 175 175 176

179 179 181 183 188 192 193 193 194 196 197 201 202 203 205 205 207 207 208 209 210 211

CONTENTS From William F. Gray, 5 December From Peter Maverick, enclosing Account, 7 December To James Smith (of Ohio), 8 December From Elbridge Gerry (1793–1867), 9 December From William Johnson, 10 December From Robert Walsh, 10 December To Arthur S. Brockenbrough, 12 December To DeWitt Clinton, 12 December To John Browne Cutting and Thomas Law, 12 December To Robert Greenway, 12 December To Benjamin King, 12 December To Bernard Peyton, 12 December From Bernard Peyton, 12 December From Thomas M. Randolph (1798–1835), 12 December From Arthur S. Brockenbrough, [received 13 December] From Francisco Solano Constancio, 14 December, enclosing Lafayette to Thomas Jefferson, 8 April 1809 Ellen W. Randolph (Coolidge) to John Adams, 15 December From Bernard Peyton, 16 December From William Short, 17 December From Richard Emmons, 18 December From Alexander Garrett, 18 December From Arthur Middleton, 18 December From Arthur S. Brockenbrough, [received 19 December], enclosing I. Arthur S. Brockenbrough’s Statement of Construction Payments for University of Virginia Buildings, 4 October II. James Oldham’s Proposal for Rotunda Carpentry Work, 4 December III. John M. Perry’s Proposal for Rotunda Brickwork, 5 December IV. John Gorman’s Proposal for Rotunda Stonework, 16 December From Joseph C. Cabell, 19 December From William C. Rives, 19 December From Francis Adrian Van der Kemp, 19 December From Thomas Cooper, 21 December To James Pleasants, [21] December To Robert Walsh, 21 December From Charles Yancey (1766–ca. 1825), 21 December, enclosing Samuel Crawford’s Proposal for the Virginia Times, 12 December From Joel Yancey (1773–1838), 21 December

 xxxii 

212 213 213 215 215 223 224 224 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 240 240 240 241 242 244 246 247 248

249 253

CONTENTS From Joseph C. Cabell, 23 December From Peter Maverick, 23 December From Bernard Peyton, 23 December To James Pleasants, 23 December From William T. Barry, 24 December From Giacomo Raggi, 25 December From William Zollickoffer, 25 December From William Radford, 26 December From Thomas G. Watkins, [26] December To Joseph C. Cabell, 28 December To Arthur Middleton, 28 December To Francisco Solano Constancio, 29 December To Samuel Crawford, 29 December To William C. Rives, 29 December To William Short, 29 December From Joseph C. Cabell, 30 December From Bernard Peyton, 30 December Account with Thomas G. Watkins, [1822–1823]

l {1823} l

l l

k

'

From Louis H. Girardin, 1 January From William J. Coffee, 3 January From Joseph Fawcett, 3 January From Benjamin King, 3 January From Francis Granger, 4 January From William Canby, 6 January To James Madison, 6 January From James Morrison, 6 January From Joseph C. Cabell, 9 January Transfer of Jefferson’s Debt to the College of William and Mary I. Conveyance of Bedford and Campbell County Land to Thomas Jefferson Randolph, 9 January II. Thomas Jefferson Randolph’s Declaration of Trust for Bedford and Campbell County Land Deeded by Thomas Jefferson, [ca. 9 January] From Samuel Wydown, 9 January From James Barbour, 11 January To Arthur S. Brockenbrough, 11 January To Joseph C. Cabell, 13 January

 xxxiii 

253 255 256 256 258 259 260 261 263 267 269 270 271 271 272 272 275 275

275 276 278 279 279 281 282 283 284 285 286

288 290 291 291 291

CONTENTS To William C. Rives, 13 January From Ennion Williams, 13 January From Lewis Brantz, 15 January From James Madison, 15 [January] Thomas Jefferson Randolph and Thomas Jefferson to the President and Directors of the Richmond Branch of the Bank of the United States, 15 January From Patrick Gibson, 17 January From Jesse B. Harrison, 17 January From Robert Smith (printer), 17 January From Hugh White (of Pennsylvania) and John R. Shannon, 18 January To Thomas M. Randolph (1798–1835), 19 January To Francis Adrian Van der Kemp, 19 January To Ennion Williams, 19 January To James Pleasants, 21 January From Arthur S. Brockenbrough, 22 January Bond of Thomas Jefferson Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, and Samuel Carr to the College of William and Mary, 22 January From Abraham Runnels, 22 January From Joseph C. Cabell, 23 January To Francis Granger, 24 January From James Pleasants, 24 January From William Tudor, 24 January From John Ponsonby Martin, 25 January From William Carver, 27 January From Robert Mayo and William A. Bartow, 27 January To Joseph C. Cabell, 28 January To William Foushee, 28 January To William C. Rives, 28 January From James Monroe, 29 January From Oliver Parsons and James Cooley, 29 January From Alexander Garrett, 30 January Tench Coxe to James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, 31 January Valuation of Poplar Forest Slaves by Richard Walker and Joel Yancey, [January] Tench Coxe to James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, 1 February From William Foushee, 1 February From James Maury, 1 February

 xxxiv 

293 294 295 296

300 300 301 304 304 307 307 308 309 310

311 313 314 316 316 318 319 320 322 324 325 325 326 327 328 329 332 333 335 335

CONTENTS From Samuel Smith (of Maryland), 1 February Statement of Taxable Property in Albemarle County, 1 February To John Ponsonby Martin, 2 February From Joseph C. Cabell, 3 February From John Bannister Gibson, 3 February To Robert Mayo and William A. Bartow, 3 February From Leopoldo Pelli-Fabbroni, 3 February To Joseph C. Cabell, 4 February From John Pickering, 4 February From Archibald Robertson, 4 February From Littleton Dennis Teackle, 4 February From Joseph C. Cabell, 5 February From Robert Smith (printer), 5 February From André Thoüin, 5 February From William C. Rives, 6 February From Henry Dearborn, 8 February From Charles Willson Peale, 8 February From Benjamin Waterhouse, 8 February From Edward Everett, 9 February From Thomas G. Watkins, [9 February] From John Adams, 10 February To Bernard Peyton, 10 February From Joseph C. Cabell, 11 February From George Loyall, 13 February From Bernard Peyton, 13 February To Oliver Parsons and James Cooley, 14 February To Littleton Dennis Teackle, 14 February To William Tudor, 14 February From William J. Coffee, enclosing Account, 15 February From Henry Roi, enclosing Essay on Establishing a New Community, 15 February To James Madison and James Breckinridge, 16 February From Richard Bruce, 17 February From Thomas W. Maury, 17 February From Bernard Peyton, 17 February From G. F. H. Crockett, 18 February From Sidney E. Morse, 18 February From Pierpont Potter, 18 February To Richard Bruce, 19 February From Jeremiah Elkins, 19 February From James Madison, 19 February

 xxxv 

336 338 339 339 341 343 343 347 348 349 349 350 351 352 353 355 358 359 363 364 366 367 367 370 371 371 372 373 374 375 383 384 385 385 386 388 390 391 391 392

CONTENTS From Thomas Magruder, 20 February From Bernard Peyton, 20 February From John Watson, 20 February To John H. Cocke, 21 February From Joseph Delaplaine, 21 February To James Monroe, 21 February To James Monroe, 21 February From John H. Cocke, 22 February From John F. Watson, 22 February From James Breckinridge, 23 February From John A. Graham, 23 February From Joseph Antrim, 24 February From Isaac Briggs, 24 February To Edward Everett, 24 February To James Madison, 24 February To John Adams, 25 February From Martha Jefferson, 25 February From Joseph C. Cabell, 26 February From Walter Case, 26 February To Thomas Magruder, 26 February To Charles Willson Peale, 26 February From Peter Perpignan, 26 February To John Pickering, 26 February To William Radford, [before 27 February] To William Radford, 27 February, enclosing Thomas Jefferson’s Conveyance of Bear Branch Land to Thomas Jefferson Randolph, 20 February To Archibald Robertson, 27 February To Samuel Crawford, 3 March To Return J. Meigs, 3 March To Thomas Ritchie, [3 March] From William Baxter, enclosing Prospectus for the Washingtoniana, 4 March To William Johnson, 4 March To James Pleasants, 5 March From Ann C. Morris, 6 March From Thomas Law, 7 March From Return J. Meigs, 7 March Memorandum to Arthur S. Brockenbrough, [before 8 March] Arthur S. Brockenbrough’s Agreement with Abia B. Thorn and Nathaniel Chamberlain for Rotunda Brickwork, 8 March

 xxxvi 

393 394 394 395 396 396 397 398 399 402 402 403 405 406 409 410 412 415 416 417 418 418 419 420

421 424 424 425 425 425 428 430 431 431 432 432

433

CONTENTS From Creed Taylor, 8 March To John A. Graham, [9 March] To Sidney E. Morse, 9 March To Peter Perpignan, 9 March From John Adams, 10 March From Thomas J. O’Flaherty, enclosing Demonstration of His Skill in Greek, Demonstration of His Skill in Latin, and Demonstration of His Skill in French, 10 March From James Pleasants, 10 March From Arthur S. Brockenbrough, enclosing Agreement with James Dinsmore and John Neilson for Carpentry and Joining for the University of Virginia Rotunda, 11 March From Benjamin Tasker Dulany, 11 March To Arthur S. Brockenbrough, 12 March From Thomas Cooper, 12 March To George Loyall, [12 March] To University of Virginia Board of Visitors, 12 March To Frederick W. Hatch, [13 March] From Frederick W. Hatch, 13 March From James Pleasants, 13 March From John Adlum, 14 March To James Madison, 14 March From Destutt de Tracy, 15 March From Philip N. Nicholas, 15 March From John Rhea, 15 March From Abiel Holmes, 17 March To William Huntington, 17 March From Bernard Peyton, 17 March From William Short, 17 March From Lewis Brantz, 18 March From DeWitt Clinton, 18 March From Caesar A. Rodney, 18 March, enclosing Thomas McKean to Caesar A. Rodney, 22 [September] 1813 From Robert Walsh, 18 March, enclosing Prospectus for his American Biography, [1 March] From James Madison, 21 March To Bernard Peyton, 21 March To William J. Coffee, 22 March From Alexander Garrett, 22 March To Bernard Peyton, 22 March From John Adlum, 24 March From Joseph C. Cabell, 24 March

 xxxvii 

436 437 437 438 438

440 445

446 448 450 450 451 452 453 453 455 455 456 456 459 461 461 464 464 465 469 469 470 472 475 476 477 478 478 479 480

CONTENTS John W. Davis’s Mail Schedule for Fredericksburg, Richmond, and Lynchburg, 24 March To James Madison, 24 March From Bernard Peyton, 24 March From Edmund Bacon, 26 March To Thomas J. O’Flaherty, 26 March Notes on Plantation Cloth Distribution, [ca. 26 March] From William J. Coffee, 27 March From William J. Coffee, 27 March To Creed Taylor, 27 March To William Short, 28 March To James Monroe, 29 March From William J. Coffee, 31 March From William W. Hening, 31 March From Bernard Peyton, 31 March List of Debts and Assets, 1 April Plan for Debt Repayment, [ca. 1 April] From Thomas Appleton, 2 April From Thomas Appleton, 2 April To Lewis Brantz, 3 April To James Brown (1780–1859), 3 April From Bernard Peyton, 3 April To James Pleasants, 3 April Albemarle Library Society Catalogue of Books, 5 April To Abiel Holmes, 5 April To Robert Walsh, 5 April From James Breckinridge, 6 April General View of the Finances of the University of Virginia, 6 April Arthur S. Brockenbrough to University of Virginia Board of Visitors, 7 April, enclosing Contract between Arthur S. Brockenbrough and William J. Coffee, 18 March To John Laval, 7 April Minutes of University of Virginia Board of Visitors, 7 April To James Brown (1780–1859), 8 April To Arthur S. Brockenbrough, 10 April To William J. Coffee, 10 April Notes on William J. Coffee’s Agreement with University of Virginia, [ca. 10 April] Notes on Doric Ornamentation for University of Virginia Pavilions, [ca. 10 April]

 xxxviii 

482 483 483 484 485 486 487 487 488 489 491 491 492 493 494 496 498 499 502 503 503 504 505 510 510 512 512

513 517 517 519 520 520 523 524

CONTENTS To John Adams, 11 April To John Adlum, 11 April From William Johnson, 11 April From Pleasant M. Miller, 11 April From James O. Morse, 11 April To James Oldham, 11 April To James Breckinridge, 12 April From DeWitt Clinton, 12 April To Thomas Cooper, 12 April To George W. Erving, [12] Ap