Novel Medical and General Hebrew Terminology from the 13th Century [Approx 280 Pp. ed.] 9004382615, 9789004382619

Citation preview

Novel Medical and General Hebrew Terminology from the 13th Century

Novel Medical and General Hebrew Terminology from the 13th Century Volume 4

By

Gerrit Bos

LEIDEN | BOSTON

The cover illustration hails from Biblioteca universitaria di Bologna Ms 2197, fol. 492r. It represents a scene in an open air pharmacy, featuring on the title page of Book fijive of Nathan ha-Meʾati’s Hebrew translation of Ibn Sīnā’s Kitāb al-Qānūn. The manuscript was copied c. 1440. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bos, Gerrit, 1948– author. Title: Novel medical and general Hebrew terminology from the 13th  century. Volume 4 / by Gerrit Bos. Other titles: Hebrew terminology from the 13th century Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2018] | Includes bibliographical  references and indexes. Identifijiers: LCCN 2018040747 (print) | LCCN 2018044446 (ebook) |  ISBN 9789004382626 (E-book) | ISBN 9789004382619 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Medicine—Terminology. | Hebrew language,  Medieval—Glossaries, vocabularies, etc. | Hebrew language—Technical  Hebrew—History—13th century. Classifijication: LCC R123 (ebook) | LCC R123 .B6682 2018 (print) |  DDC 610.1/4—dc 3 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018040747

Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. ISBN 978-90-04-38261-9 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-38262-6 (e-book) Copyright 2019 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhofff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.

Contents Abbreviations vii Introduction 1 List of Terms 9 Bibliography 225 Corrections and Additions to NM 1–3 229 Index 231

Abbreviations a Ms1 Ms2

Arabic text marginal note in the Ms supralinear note in the Ms

AB

A. Arberry, ‘A Bagdad Cookery Book’, in: Medieval Arab Cookery: Essays and Translations, ed. by M. Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, and C. Perry (Blackawton 2001), 37–89. P. Auerbach and M. Ezrahi, ‘Yalqut Ṣemahim’, Leshonenu 1 (1929): 161–395. W. S. van den Berg, Eene middelnederlandsche vertaling van het ‘Antidotarium Nicolaï’ (Ms. 15624–15641, Kon. Bibl. Te Brussel) met den Latijnschen tekst der eerste gedrukte uitgave van het Antidotarium Nicolaï (Leiden 1917). F. Brown, S. R. Driver and C. A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, with an Appendix containing the Biblical Aramaic, based on the Lexicon of William Gesenius as translated by Edward Robinson (Repr., Oxford 1978). Y. Brand, Klei ha-Ḥeres be-Sifrut ha-Talmud (Ceramics in Talmudic Literature) (Jerusalem 1953). E. Ben Yehuda, Millon haLashon ha-Ivrit: Thesaurus

AEY

BAN

BDB

BK

BM

Totius Hebraitatis et Veteris et Recentioris, 17 vols. (Repr., Tel Aviv 1948–59). BMZ G. Bos, G. Mensching and J. Zwink, Medical Glossaries in the Hebrew Tradition: Shem Tov Ben Isaac, Sefer Almansur, with a Supplement on the Romance and Latin Terminology (Leiden 2017). CPD D. N. MacKenzie, A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary (London 1971). D R. P. A. Dozy, Supplément aux Dictionnaires arabes, 2 vols. (Leiden 1927). DAS G. Dalman, Arbeit und Sitte in Palästina, 8 vols. (Repr., Hildesheim 1964–87). DECLC J. Coromines, Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana, Barcelona 1980–91. DKT P. De Koning, Trois traités d’anatomie arabes, ed. by F. Sezgin (Repr., Frankfurt 1986). DT Dioscurides Triumphans: Ein anonymer arabischer Kommentar (Ende 12. Jahr. n. Chr.) zur Materia medica, Arabischer Text nebst kommentierter deutscher Übersetzung, ed. by A Dietrich, 2 vols. = Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen,

viii

EG

EI2

EJ2 EM

EP

FA

FAL

FAQ

FEW

FZ

Abbreviations Philologisch-Historische Klasse, vol. 3.172 (Göttingen 1988). J. N. Epstein, Perush ha-Geʾonim le-Seder Tohorot: The Gaonic Commentary on the Order Tohorot attributed to Rav Hay Gaon, ed. with Introduction and Notes (Jerusalem 1982). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, new ed., 12 vols. (Leiden 1960– 2004). Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed., 22 vols. (Detroit 2007). A. Even-Shoshan, Ha-Millon he- Ḥadash, 7 vols. (Repr., Jerusalem 1983). I. Efros, Philosophical Terms in the Moreh Nebukim (New York 1924). S. Fraenkel, Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (Leiden 1886). A. Fonahn, Arabic and Latin Anatomical Terminology, chiefly from the Middle Ages (Kristiana 1922). I. Fellmann, Das Aqrābāḏīn alQalānisī: Quellenkritische und begrifffsanalytische Untersuchung zur arabischpharmazeutischen Literatur (Beirut 1986). W. von Wartburg, Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (Bonn-Leipzig-TübingenBasilea 1922–87). U. Feldman, Ṣimḥei ha-Mishnah (Tel Aviv n.d.).

FL

FM HA

HM

IBA

IBF

IJ

IJZ

ISW

JAD

G. W. Freytag, Lexicon ArabicoLatinum, 4 vols. (Halis Saxonum 1830–37). J. Feliks, Marʾot ha-Mishnah, Seder Zeraʿim (Jerusalem 1967). J. Hyrtl, Das Arabische und Hebräische in der Anatomie (Vienna 1879). S. Heymans, Ha-Millim haSheʾulot mi-Yewanit u-mi-Latinit ba-Mishnah: Leksikon we-Torat Hegeh (PhD diss., Tel Aviv 2013). Ibn al-Bayṭār, al-Jāmiʿ limufradāt al-adwiya wa l-aghdhiya, 4 pts. in 2 vols. (Beirut 1992). Ibn al-Bayṭār, Traité des simples, trans. by L. Leclerc, 3 vols. (Paris 1877–83). Ibn Janāḥ, Abū l-Walīd Marwān, Kitāb al-uṣūl: The Book of Hebrew Roots, ed. by A. Neubauer (Oxford 1875). Ibn al-Jazzār, Zād al-musāfijir wa-qūt al-ḥāḍir, Provisions for the Traveller and Nourishment for the Sedentary, Book 7 (7–30). Critical ed. of the Arabic Text with English trans., and Critical ed. of Moses ibn Tibbon’s Hebrew Translation (Ṣedat haDerakhim), ed. and trans. by G. Bos (Leiden 2015). Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq, Kitāb alṭabīkh, ed. by K. Öhrnberg and S. Mroueh, = Studia Orientalia, vol. 60 (Helsinki 1987). Ad-Damīrī, Ḥayāt al-Ḥayawān (A Zoological Lexicon), trans.

ix

Abbreviations

JD

JNK

KA

KB

KDS

by A. S. G. Jayakar, 2 vols. (London 1906–8). M. Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Bavli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, 2 vols. (Repr., New York 1950). Judah Ben Solomon Natan, Kelal Qaẓar mi ha-Sammim haNifradim (= Hebrew translation of Abū Ṣalt’s K. al-Adwiya almufrada (On Simple Medicines), in: M. Steinschneider, ‘Abu’s’Salt (gest. 1134) und seine Simplicia, ein Beitrag zur Heilmittellehre der Araber’, Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin 94.9.4 (1883): 28–65. A. Kohut, Arukh shalem: Aruch Completum, and S. Krauss, Tosefet he-Arukh. Additamenta, 9 vols. (Repr., Tel Aviv 1970). L. Koehler and W. Baumgartner, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, subsequently rev. by W. Baumgartner and J. J. Stamm, with assistance from B. Hartmann, Z. BenHayyim, E. Y. Kutscher, P. Reymond., ed. and trans. under the supervision of M. E. J. Richardson, 2 vols. (Leiden 2001). D. Kaufmann, Die Sinne: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Physiologie und Psychologie im Mittelalter aus hebräischen und

KL

KM

KT

KTD

KTM

arabischen Quellen (Jahresbericht der LandesRabbinerschule in Budapest für das Schuljahr 1883–84), repr. in: idem., Die Spuren al-Baṭaljûsi’s (Budapest 1880), and Studien u°ber Salomon Ibn Gabirol (Budapest 1899), and Die Sinne (Budapest 1884), with an introduction by L. Jacobs (Farnborough 1972). S. Krauss, Griechische und Lateinische Lehnwörter im Talmud, Midrasch und Targum, with comments by I. Löw, 2 vols. (Berlin 1898–9). F. Käs, Die Mineralien in der arabischen Pharmakognosie: Eine Konkordanz zur mineralischen Materia medica der klassischen arabischen Heilmittelkunde nebst überlieferungsgeschichtlichen Studien, 2 vols. = Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz. Veröfffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission, vol. 54 (Wiesbaden 2010). S. Krauss, Talmudische Archäologie, 3 vols. (Leipzig 1910–2). O. Kahl, The Dispensatory of Ibn at-Tilmiḏ: Arabic Text, English trans., Study and Glossaries (Leiden 2007). I. L. Katzenelsohn, Ha-Talmud we-Hokmat ha-Refuʾah: Talmud und Medizin (Berlin 1928).

x KTP

KZ

L

LF LFA

Low

LR

LRM

LS

Abbreviations J. Klatzkin, Thesaurus Philosophicus linguae hebraicae et veteris et recentioris, 4 pts. in 2 vols. (Repr., New York 1968). H. Kroner, Zur Terminologie der arabischen Medizin und zu ihrem zeitgenössischen hebräischen Ausdrucke: An der Hand dreier medizinischer Abhandlungen des Maimonides (Berlin 1921). E. W. Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon, 8 vols. (London 1863–79). I. Löw, Die Flora der Juden, 4 vols. (Repr., Hildesheim 1967). I. Löw, Fauna und Mineralien der Juden, with an introduction by A. Schreiber (Repr., Hildesheim 1969). A. Lowinger, ‘Register of Hebrew and Aramaic Terms, translated and edited by S. Paley’: in: J. Preuss, Biblischtalmudische Medizin. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Heilkunde und der Kultur überhaupt (Repr., New York 1971). F. J. Raynouard, Lexique roman: Ou dictionnaire de la langue des troubadours comparée avec les autres langues de l’Europe latine (Heidelberg 1970). R. E.Latham, Revised Medieval Latin Word-list from British and Irish Sources, with Supplement (Repr., London 2008). C. Lewis and C. Short, A Latin Dictionary Founded on Andrews’ Latin Dictionary, rev., enl., and

LSG

LW

LZ MA

MB

MIG

MK

in great part rewritten (Oxford 1966). H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek English Lexicon, rev. and augmented throughout by H. S. Jones, a.o., with a supplement (Repr., Oxford 1989). J. Levy, Wörterbuch über die Talmudim und Midraschim, nebst Beiträgen von H. Leberecht Fleischer. 2nd ed., mit Nachträgen und Berichtigungen von L. Goldschmidt, 4 vols. (Berlin 1924). L. Lewysohn, Zoologie des Talmuds (Frankfurt 1858). A. Melzer, Asaph the Physician—The Man and his Book: A Historical-Philological Study of the Medical Treatise, The Book of Drugs (:62 =##6:). (PhD diss., Wisconsin 1927). M. Marin, ‘Beyond Taste: The Complements of Colour and Smell in the Medieval Arab Culinary Tradition,’ in: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East, ed. by R. Tapper and S. Zubaida (London 1994). Marwan Ibn Ǧanāḥ, Kitāb alTalḫīṣ, ed. and trans. By G. Bos, F. Käs, G. Mensching and M. Lübke (forthcoming). Maimonides, Mishnah ʿim Perush Rabbeinu Mosheh Ben Maimon. Maqor we-Targum, ed. by J. Kafijiḥ, 6 pts. in 7 vols.

xi

Abbreviations

MM MMS

MMT

MWK

NA

(Jerusalem 1963–1969): MK 1 = Zeraʿim; MK 2 = Moʿed; MK 3 = Nashim; MK 4 = Nezikin; MK 5 = Kodashin; MK 6 = Toharot. S. Muntner, Mavo-le-Sefer Asaph ha-Rofe (Jerusalem 1957). Maimonides, Sharḥ asmāʾ alʿuqqār, un glossaire de matière médicale composé par Maïmonide, ed. by M. Meyerhof (Cairo 1940), repr. in: Islamic Medicine, vol. 63, ed. by F. Sezgin (Frankfurt 1996). M. Meyerhof (ed.), The Book of the Ten Treatises on the Eye Asribed to Ḥunain ibn Isḥāq (809.877 AD) (Cairo 1928), and: Al-morchid fiji’l kohhl ou le guide d’oculiste: Ouvrage inédit de l’oculiste arabe-espagnol Mohammad ibn Qassoûm ibn Aslam al-Ghâfijiqî (Barcelona 1933); repr. in: Augenheilkunde im Islam: Texte, Studien und Übersetzungen, vol. 2: Werke von Ḥunain b. Ishaq und Muḥammad al-Ġāfijiqī, ed. by F. Sezgin. = Veröfffentlichungen des Institutes für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften, Reihe B: Nachdrucke, Abteilung Medizin, vol. 3.2 (Frankfurt 1986). M. Marín and D. Waines (eds.), Kanz al-fawāʾid fī tanwīʿ almawāʾid (Medieval Arab/Islamic Culinary Art) (Stuttgart 1993). N. Nasrallah, Annals from the Kaliphs’ Kitchens: Ibn Sayyār

NM 1

NM 2

NM 3

PD

PDA

al-Warrāq’s Tenth-Century Baghdadi Cookbook, English trans. with Introduction and Glossary, = Islamic History and Civilization, vol. 70 (Leiden 2007). G. Bos, Novel Medical and General Hebrew Terminology from the 13th Century: Translations by Hillel Ben Samuel of Verona, Moses Ben Samuel Ibn Tibbon, Shem Tov Ben Isaac of Tortosa, and Zeraḥyah Ben Isaac Ben Sheʾaltiel Ḥen, = Journal of Semitic Studies, Suppl. 27 (Oxford 2011). G. Bos, Novel Medical and General Hebrew Terminology from the 13th Century, Volume Two, = Journal of Semitic Studies, Suppl. 30 (Oxford 2013). G. Bos, Novel Medical and General Hebrew Terminology: Hippocrates’ Aphorisms in the Hebrew Tradition, = Journal of Semitic Studies, Suppl. 37 (Oxford 2016). C. Perry (trans.), ‘The Description of Familiar Foods. Kitāb waṣf al-aṭ‘ima al-muʿtāda’, in: Medieval Arab Cookery: Essays and Translations, ed. by M. Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, and C. Perry (Blackawton 2001), 275–465. Pedanius Dioscorides of Anabarzus: De materia medica, trans. by L. Y. Beck, 2nd rev. and enl. ed. (Hildesheim 2011).

xii PI

PK

QA RMA

ROT

RR

RTT

Abbreviations C. Perry, ‘Isfīdhabāj, Blancmanger and no Almonds’, in: Medieval Arab Cookery: Essays and Translations, ed. by M. Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, and C. Perry (Blackawton 2001), 263–6. C. Perry (trans.), ‘Kitāb alṬibākha: A Fifteenth-Century Cookbook’, in: Medieval Arab Cookery: Essays and Translations, ed. by M. Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, and C. Perry (Blackawton 2001), 467–75. al-Qalānisī, Aqrābāḏīn, ed. by Z. al-Bābā (Aleppo 1983). R. Mielck, Terminologie und Technologie der Müller und Bäcker im islamischen Mittelalter (Ing. diss., Glückstadt 1914). al-Rāzī, On the Treatment of Small Children (De curis puerorum): The Latin and Hebrew Translations, ed. and trans. by G. Bos and M. McVaugh (Leiden 2015). M. Rodinson, ‘Romania and other Arabic words in Italian’, in: Medieval Arab Cookery: Essays and Translations, ed. by M. Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, and C. Perry (Blackawton 2001), 167–82. H. Rabin, ‘Toledot Targum Sefer ha-Qanun le- ʿIvrit’, Melilah 3–4 (1950): 132–47.

SCP

SDA

SHS 1

SLN

SN

SRP

F. Steingass, A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary (Repr., London 1984). M. Sokolofff, A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic Periods (Ramat Gan 2002). Shem Tov Ben Isaac, Medical Synonym Lists from Medieval Provence: Shem Tov Ben Isaac of Tortosa, Sefer ha-Shimmush, Book 29, pt. 1: Edition and Commentary of List 1 (Hebrew— Arabic—Romance/Latin), ed. by G. Bos, M. Hussein, G. Mensching and F. Savelsberg (Leiden 2011). I. Stirling, Lexicon Nominum Herbarum, Arborum Fructicumque Linguae Latinae, 4 vols. (Budapest 1995–8). D. Sontheimer, ‘Nachricht von einer arabisch-medicinischen Handschrift, vermutlich des Ibn-Dschezla,’ Janus 2 (1847): 246–72, repr. in: idem, Beiträge zur Geschichte der arabisch— Islamischen Medizin. Aufsätze I (1819–1869), ed. by F. Sezgin, in collab. with M. Amawi, D. Bischofff, E. Neubauer (Frankfurt 1987), 92–128. C. Singer and C. Rabin, A Prelude to Modern Science being a Discussion of the History, Sources and Circumstances of the “Tabulae Anatomicae Sex” of Vesalius (Cambridge 1946).

xiii

Abbreviations UW

M. Ullmann, Wörterbuch zu den griechisch-arabischen Übersetzungen des neunten Jahrhunderts (Wiesbaden 2002). UWS 1 M. Ullmann, Wörterbuch zu den griechisch-arabischen Übersetzungen des neunten Jahrhunderts, Suppl. 1: Α–Ο (Wiesbaden 2006). UWS 2 M. Ullmann, Wörterbuch zu den griechisch-arabischen Übersetzungen des neunten Jahrhunderts, Suppl. 2: Π-Ω (Wiesbaden 2007). VL I. A. Vullers, Lexicon PersicoLatinum Etymologicum, 2 vols. (Repr., Graz 1962).

WA

WI WKAS

E. Wiedemann, Gesammelte Schriften zur arabischislamischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 3 vols. = Veröfffentlichungen des Institutes für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften, Reihe B: Nachdrucke, ed. by D. Girke and D. Bischofff (Frankfurt 1984). D. Waines, In a Caliph’s Kitchen (London 1989). Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache, ed. by Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, in Verbindung mit A. Spitaler, ed. by J. Krämer, H. Gätje and M. Ullmann (Wiesbaden 1957–).

Introduction The current volume1 is part of a wider project aiming at mapping the novel2 Hebrew3 technical medical terminology as it features in medieval Hebrew medical works translated both from the Arabic and Latin.4 In this way I hope to facilitate the consultation of these and other medical works and the identifijication of anonymous medical material. The terminology discussed below has been derived from three primary sources and seven secondary ones. The primary sources are: 1. Sefer Ṣedat ha-Derakhim; i.e., Moses Ben Samuel Ben Judah Ibn Tibbon’s translation of Ibn al-Jazzār’s Zād al-musāfijir wa-qūt al-ḥādir (Provisions for the Traveller and the Nourishment for the Sedentary), bks. 1–2.5 The basic Hebrew manuscript consulted is Ms London, British Library Ar. Or. 26 (cat. Margoliouth 10246), which consists of 168 leaves and was copied in a Sephardic script in the fijifteenth century. This manuscript generally has good, reliable readings. For the sections missing and for signifijicant variant readings I consulted Ms Oxford, Bodleian, Poc. 353, Uri Heb. 314 (cat. Neubauer7 2111), which was copied in a Sephardic script in the 1  I thank Felix Hedderich and Jessica Kley for proofreading the manuscript. 2  With ‘novel’, I mean those terms that do not feature in the current dictionaries of the Hebrew language at all, or that feature in these dictionaries but without proper explanation or in a later period. Occasionally I include terms that have already been mentioned in the fijirst three volumes dealing with novel Hebrew medical terminology in order to show the wider distribution of a certain term. 3  In addition to the Hebrew terms, the volume also includes Aramaic ones. I also added some Hebrew-Romance words and loan words from Romance and Arabic, especially concerning dishes and drinks that were common throughout medieval medical, culinary literature. Some loan words from the Arabic derived from the fijield of anatomy feature in the list as well. 4  Earlier volumes published are: NM 1–3; cf. also BMZ 7–8. 5  Moses Ibn Tibbon’s translation probably dates from the year 1259. On Moses Ibn Tibbon, a member of the famous dynasty of translator(s) known as the ‘Tibbonides’, who was active as a physician, merchant and translator in Lunel, see NM 1:47–51, and the bibliography listed there. For the Arabic compendium consisting of seven books, see IJZ 1–6. 6  Cf. G. Margoliouth, Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts in the British Museum, vols. 1–3 (London 1899–1915); and Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts in the British Museum, vol. 4: Indexes, Brief Descriptions of Accessions and Addenda and Corrigenda, with an Introduction by J. Leveen (London 1935), 3:353–4. For the data concerning all Hebrew Mss mentioned in this study, I consulted also the Online Catalogue of Microfijilmed Hebrew Mss at the National Library. 7  Cf. A. Neubauer, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford 1886, repr. 1994), and Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda, comp. under the direction of M. BeitArié and ed. by R. A. May (Oxford 1994).

© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2019 | doi:10.1163/9789004382626_002

2

Introduction

2.

mid-fijifteenth century, and Ms London, British Library Add. 27542,8 which was copied in a Sephardic script in the fourteenth century.9 The Arabic terms are derived from Ms Izmir, Millī 50/470 (26636).10 The text is partly vocalised and was copied by Zayn al-ʿābidīn on Tuesday, 4. Shawwāl 972 H (1564).11 In a few cases I will also mention Latin parallels for which I consulted the forthcoming critical edition by Long-McVaugh. Sefer ha-Shimmush; i.e., Shem Tov Ben Isaac’s Hebrew translation of the Kitāb al-taṣrīf li-manʿağiza ʿan at-taʾlīf (The Arrangement of Medical Knowledge for One Who is Not Able to Compile a Book for Himself ), composed in the tenth century by the Andalusian physician al-Zahrāwī.12 The discussion of the novel terminology is derived from bk. 27, On the Powers of Foods and the Properties of Remedies.13 The basic Hebrew Manuscript consulted for the analysis is Ms Paris, BN 1163, which was copied in the

8  9  10 

11 

12 

13 

Cf. Margoliouth, Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan Manuscripts, 4:152–3. One entry, i.e., =#)+/:=), hails from Ms Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek 19. For the manuscript, cf. A. Dietrich, Medicinalia Arabica: Studien über arabische medizinische Handschriften in türkischen und syrischen Bibliotheken, = Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, vol. 3.66 (Göttingen 1966), 63; the manuscript was published in a facsimile edition by F. Sezgin, Provisions for the Traveller and Sustenance for the Resident: Zād al-musāfijir wa-qūt al-ḥāḍir by Ibn al-Jazzār, Abū Ja‘far Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Abī Khālid (d. 979 AD), 2 vols., repr. from the Izmir manuscript, in collab. with M. Amawi and E. Neubauer, = Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science, Series C: Facsimile Editions, vols. 59.1–2 (Frankfurt 1996). A critical edition of the fijirst two books of the Arabic text of the Zād al-musāfijir, Ibn Tibbon’s Hebrew translation Constantine the African’s Latin translation, and a Greek translation is currently being prepared by a team consisting of G. Bos, F. Käs, B. Long, M. McVaugh and P. Bouras-Vallianatos, with fijinancial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Shem Tov started his translation in 1254 and completed the work at an unknown date. On Shem Tov, see G. Bos, ‘The Creation and Innovation of Medieval Hebrew Medical Terminology: Shem Tov Ben Isaac, Sefer ha-Shimmush’, in Islamic Thought in the Middle Ages: Studies in Text, Transmission and Translation, in Honour of Hans Daiber, ed. by A. Akasoy and W. Raven (Leiden 2008): 197–202. This introduction is an adaptation of that which features in SHS 1:10–1. On an earlier occasion, I analyzed the novel terminology featuring in Shem Tov’s adaptation of bk. 29 of al-Zahrāwī’s Kitāb al-taṣrīf in the form of two lists of medical synonyms, in NM 1:73–120.

                               . The Hebrew 

Cf. Arabic:   

translation has a more extensive version: 9%8':#&-3 -!/ %# '1#8'%! 8! +3 %1#/ 480!    …ƒŒ‚ Œƒ–• (Sefer ha-Shimmush) = Arabic       ‘meninges’ (cf.



UW 420, s.v. μῆνιγξ); cf. fol. 127a, col. b: «/#&2! -'+//# -'3: =#/#+% -'/#:9 +# ! -#:9! (Then [these branches] (i.e., of the vena cava)

spread from the middle ventricle [of the brain] into the two anterior ventricles and join with the arteries that ascend to this place and form a network known as the choroid plexus). Hebrew =''+ !#9/ 2')# =#'+)+ #& =6+! +'