Newspaper Russian: A Vocabulary of Administrative and Commercial Idiom 0708316336, 9780708316337

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TOM DICKINS AND IRINA MOORE

Ñ ÀÇÎÂ S AZOV

Edited and produced by ALEKSANDR POLYAKOV

S AZOV (Russian from Scratch)

(Russian from Scratch)

TOM DICKINS AND IRINA MOORE

Ñ ÀÇÎÂ

INDEX

‘S AZOV’ (Russian from Scratch) • Introduction and acknowledgements (iii) • Table of contents (iv-ix) • Summary of the principal grammar points (x-xii) • Introductory Chapter (Pages 1-16) • Chapter One - Introductions (Pages 17-32) • Chapter Two - An object lesson (Pages 33-50) • Chapter Three - Work / Nationality (Pages 51-64) • Chapter Four - At the airport (Pages 65-80) • Chapter Five - Shopping for food (Pages 81-98) • Chapter Six - I can’t hear you very well! (Pages 99-116) • Chapter Seven - At the hotel (Pages 117-134) • Chapter Eight - Russian cuisine (Pages 135-150) • Chapter Nine - Now and then (Pages 151-168) • Chapter Ten - Hobbies and interests (Pages 169-192) • Chapter Eleven - Health (Pages 193-210) • Chapter Twelve - Education (Pages 211-230) • Chapter Thirteen - My family and (other) animals (Pages 231-248) • Chapter Fourteen - The weather (Pages 249-270) • Chapter Fifteen - A horrible sight (or aspect?) (Pages 271-292) • Chapter Sixteen - In the town (Pages 293-314) • Chapter Seventeen - Bon voyage! (Pages 315-342) • Chapter Eighteen - At home (Pages 343-362) • Chapter Nineteen - Personal information (Pages 363-382) • Chapter Twenty - A further step in reading and writing (Pages 383-410) • Listening passages (Pages 411-436) • Vocabulary (Pages 437-536)

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

The authors, Tom Dickins and Irina Moore, decided to write ‘S azov’ (Russian from Scratch) because of the lack of suitable communicative ab initio Russian language courses for more mature learners. ‘S azov’ has been used extensively with our own degree-level students, and has thus benefited from considerable testing in practical classroom situations. It is appropriate for a wide range of learners, from school pupils with a background in foreign languages to evening-class students and undergraduates and postgraduates.

INTRODUCTION

Introduction and acknowledgements

The textbook consists of an introductory chapter and twenty further chapters based on themes which exemplify and consolidate a series of new linguistic concepts. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of authentic up-to-date materials, such as advertisements, newspaper clippings, timetables, tickets, official forms and recent photographs, and on the creation of meaningful and relevant contexts for language learning. Wherever possible, the students are asked to deduce unfamiliar syntactic and morphological principles for themselves from regular paradigms, before being required to apply the new rules or to cope with irregularities. Each chapter begins with a summary of the competences which the students will acquire and with a list of the main points of grammar which are to be introduced. Roughly equal weighting is given to the four skills (speaking, reading, listening and writing), which are developed through a series of lexical and interactive activities, including memory games, crosswords, gap-filling tasks and role plays. Vocabulary glossaries are provided at the foot of each page, where necessary, and there is a comprehensive alphabetical Russian-English and English-Russian vocabulary list at the end of the course. There is also a grammar section at the end of each chapter, with more detailed explanations and grammatical exercises. All the listening activities are recorded on audio cassette by educated native Russian speakers and are accompanied by transcripts. We are enormously indebted to our friend, Aleksandr Polyakov, who painstakingly produced and designed the layout of the course. Particular thanks go to our former colleague and Head of Russian, Peter Rooney, for his invaluable support and encouragement, to Ludmila Khalilova for her contribution in the early planning stages and to Elena Kazimianets for her work on Chapters 10, 15 and 20. We also wish to express our gratitude to Katrina Fraser and Igor Babanov for their practical help and to Vicki Whittaker for sharing the benefit of her knowledge of publishing. We would similarly like to acknowledge Linda Aldwinkle and Christine Barnard of the University of Westminster for the interest that they have shown and for their constructive feedback.Without their assistance and the efforts of numerous other colleagues and friends, the task of completing ‘S azov’ would have been considerably more onerous, if not altogether impossible. Finally, there is one academic source which merits a special mention, namely ‘A Comprehensive Russian Grammar’ by Terence Wade. We consulted this unparalleled work extensively when writing our Grammar sections, and we owe a great deal to Professor Wade’s clear and detailed explanations. The authors acknowledge all registered trademarks as belonging to their respective owners. Tom Dickins and Irina Moore School of Humanities, Languages and Social Sciences, University of Wolverhampton November, 2003 A new ab initio Russian course

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of contents Introductory Chapter (Pages 1-16) 1. the Cyrillic alphabet 2. word recognition 3. pronunciation Chapter One - Introductions (Pages 17-32) Competences 1. understanding basic introductions 2. using appropriate greetings 3. recognizing and forming patronymics Grammar 1. the three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) 2. the possessive pronoun ‘my’ 3. regular plurals Chapter Two - An object lesson (Pages 33-50) Competences 1. identifying and locating objects 2. expressing possession 3. stating where you live 4. recognizing numbers Grammar 1. the possessive pronouns ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘our’, ‘their’, ‘whose’ 2. the verb ‘to live’ 3. the prepositional case after â and íà 4. the numerals 1 to100 Chapter Three - Work / Nationality (Pages 51-64) Competences 1. recognizing and talking about jobs 2. stating your nationality and identifying the nationality of other people 3. expressing movement on foot and by transport 4. using simple constructions of time Grammar 1. the use of ïî (+ dative) in set expressions 2. the verbs ‘to work’ (ðàáîòàòü) and ‘to go’ (èäòè, åõàòü) 3. the accusative case with movement and expressions of time Chapter Four - At the airport (Pages 65-80) Competences 1. speaking with a passport control officer and a customs officer 2. changing currency 3. reading addresses and telephone numbers 4. understanding airport announcements

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Grammar 1. the prepositional case ending -ó after â and íà 2. the prepositional case after î (about) 3. the accusative case to indicate the direct object Chapter Five - Shopping for food (Pages 81-98) Competences 1. finding your way around a Russian supermarket 2. saying ‘I have / I haven’t’ 3. expressing a request 4. asking about the price of food 5. asking where somebody / something is from Grammar 1. adjectives (m, f, n, pl) in the nominative case 2. the prepositional singular of adjectives 3. the genitive singular of nouns 4. the genitive of personal pronouns 5. the numerals 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000 Chapter Six - I can’t hear you very well! (Pages 99-116) Competences 1. using the telephone 2. saying how old you are 3. expressing likes and dislikes (using the verb íðàâèòüñÿ) 4. shopping for clothes Grammar 1. expressing possession (‘to have’) 2. the numerals 1,000 + 3. impersonal expressions and the dative case (pronouns and singular nouns) 4. the accusative of adjectives Chapter Seven - At the hotel (Pages 117-134) Competences 1. booking a hotel room 2. registering 3. finding your way around the hotel 4. making general requests 5. saying ‘there is / are (not)’ Grammar 1. ordinal numerals 2. the declension of titles 3. the instrumental singular of nouns and personal pronouns (after ñ) 4. the accusative case to express duration of time 5. the verbs ‘to want’ (õîòåòü) and ‘to speak, say, tell’ (ãîâîðèòü)

A new ab initio Russian course

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Eight - Russian cuisine (Pages 135-150) Competences 1. reading a Russian menu 2. ordering a meal 3. expressing a preference 4. asking for a bill Grammar 1. the instrumental singular of adjectives 2. the instrumental plural of nouns 3. the instrumental case of function (without a preposition) 4. the verbs ‘to eat’ (åñòü) and ‘to drink’ (ïèòü) Chapter Nine - Now and then (Pages 151-168) Competences 1. talking about past events 2. saying when things happened 3. asking about and answering things in the past (affirmative and negative) Grammar 1. the past tense of regular verbs 2. the instrumental case after the verbs áûòü, ñòàòü, ðàáîòàòü 3. the reflexive verbs (present and past tense) 4. the dates (years - ‘â 2002 ãîäó’) Chapter Ten - Hobbies and interests (Pages 169-192) Competences 1. talking about hobbies and interests 2. speaking about sport, cinema, theatre 3. expressing ‘wrong’ in Russian Grammar 1. the genitive singular of adjectives 2. the instrumental plural of adjectives 3. double negatives (íèêîãäà íå, íèêòî íå, íèãäå íå etc.) 4. the multidirectional verbs of motion, õîäèòü and åçäèòü Chapter Eleven - Health (Pages 193-210) Competences 1 saying how you feel 2. calling an ambulance 3. making an appointment with a doctor 4. giving and seeking advice Grammar 1. the dative singular of adjectives 2. the dative plural of nouns 3. the dative plural of adjectives 4. verbs of the type ÷óâñòâîâàòü 5. diminutive nouns

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Twelve - Education (Pages 211-230) Competences 1. understanding school and university timetables 2. filling in and interpreting forms relating to education 3. expressing precise time using dates and years Grammar 1. the genitive case with dates 2. the prepositional plural of nouns and adjectives 3. the genitive plural of nouns and adjectives Chapter Thirteen - My family and (other) animals (Pages 231-248) Competences 1. talking about your family 2. talking about animals Grammar 1. pronouns 2. the animate accusative 3 miscellaneous nouns 4. prepositions which take the accusative case Chapter Fourteen - The weather (Pages 249-270) Competences 1. understanding a Russian weather forecast 2. enquiring about the weather 3. comparing the weather in different seasons and countries 4. expressing ideas relating to frequency Grammar 1. adverbs derived from adjectives 2. the verb áûâàòü and ‘frequency’ adverbs 3. negative adverbs 4. the future tense of the verb áûòü 5. the comparative of adjectives and adverbs 6. the superlative of adjectives and adverbs Chapter Fifteen - A horrible sight (or aspect?) (Pages 271-292) Competences 1. distinguishing between the imperfective and perfective aspects 2. using the appropriate aspectual form in the past 3. using the appropriate aspectual form in the future Grammar 1. perfective verbs formed by adding a prefix 2. perfective verbs formed by the process of shortening 3. perfective verbs formed by other internal adjustments 4. perfective verbs formed in other ways

A new ab initio Russian course

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Sixteen - In the town (Pages 293-314) Competences 1. asking for and giving directions 2. asking for and giving information 3. asking for and giving instructions 4. making and carrying out requests Grammar 1. the formation of the imperative 2. the prepositions which take the instrumental case 3. the formation of the conditional mood 4. the formation of the subjunctive mood Chapter Seventeen - Bon voyage! (Pages 315-342) Competences 1. expressing the time of the day (a.m./p.m.) 2. telling the time more precisely 3. understanding train and plane timetables 4. requesting and giving information about travel Grammar 1. reflexive verbs 2. numerals in oblique cases 3. unidirectional and multidirectional verbs of motion 4. compound verbs of motion Chapter Eighteen - At home (Pages 343-362) Competences 1. talking about household goods and chores 2. talking about everyday electrical appliances 3. talking about broken equipment and faults Grammar 1. the pronoun ‘-self’ (ñàì) 2. the pronoun ‘such’ (òàêîé) 3. verbs with consonant mutation 4. the verb ‘to put’ Chapter Nineteen - Personal information (Pages 363-382) Competences 1. talking about ages, weights and heights 2 talking about people’s appearance 3. talking about personality types Grammar 1. expressions of approximation 2. the short form of adjectives 3. nouns in apposition 4. the particle ëè

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

A new ab initio Russian course

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Twenty - A further step in reading and writing (Pages 383-410) Competences 1. using essay lubricants 2. writing a letter 3. using different forms of address 4. understanding and using abbreviations Grammar 1. participles (long and short forms) 2. gerunds 3. fill vowels

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GRAMMAR SUMMARY

Summary of the principal grammar points BASICS the Cyrillic script (Introductory chapter) word recognition (Introductory chapter) pronunciation (Introductory chapter) CASES AND THEIR USAGE NOMINATIVE CASE the three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) (Chapter 1) the possessive pronoun ‘my’ (Chapter 1) regular plurals (Chapter 1) the possessive pronouns ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘our’, ‘their’, ‘whose’ (Chapter 2) adjectives (m, f, n, pl) in the nominative case (Chapter 5) ACCUSATIVE CASE the accusative case with movement and expressions of time (Chapter 3) the accusative case to indicate the direct object (Chapter 4) the accusative of adjectives (Chapter 6) the accusative case to express duration of time (Chapter 7) prepositions which take the accusative case (Chapter 13) GENITIVE CASE the genitive singular of nouns (Chapter 5) the genitive of personal pronouns (Chapter 5) the genitive singular of adjectives (Chapter 10) the genitive case with dates (Chapter 12) the genitive plural of nouns and adjectives (Chapter 12) the animate accusative (Chapter 13) DATIVE CASE the use of ïî in set expressions (Chapter 3) impersonal expressions and the dative of pronouns and singular nouns (Chapter 6) the dative singular of adjectives (Chapter 11) the dative plural of nouns (Chapter 11) the dative plural of adjectives (Chapter 11) INSTRUMENTAL CASE the instrumental singular of nouns and personal pronouns (after ñ) (Chapter 7) the instrumental singular of adjectives (Chapter 8) the instrumental plural of nouns (Chapter 8) the instrumental case of function (without a preposition) (Chapter 8) the instrumental case after the verbs áûòü, ñòàòü, ðàáîòàòü (Chapter 9) the instrumental plural of adjectives (Chapter 10) the prepositions which take the instrumental case (Chapter 16)

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

the prepositional case after â and íà (Chapter 2) the prepositional case ending -ó after â and íà (Chapter 4) the prepositional case after î (about) (Chapter 4) the prepositional singular of adjectives (Chapter 5) the prepositional plural of nouns and adjectives (Chapter 12) GENERAL DECLENSIONS the declension of titles (Chapter 7) diminutive nouns (Chapter 11) miscellaneous nouns (Chapter 13) short forms of adjectives (Chapter 19)

GRAMMAR SUMMARY

PREPOSITIONAL CASE

PRONOUNS pronouns (Chapter 13) the pronoun ‘-self’ (ñàì) (Chapter 18) the pronoun ‘such’ (òàêîé) (Chapter 18) VERBS CONJUGATIONS the verb ‘to live’ (æèòü) (Chapter 2) the verbs ‘to work’ (ðàáîòàòü) and ‘to go’ (èäòè, åõàòü) (Chapter 3) expressing possession (‘to have’) (Chapter 6) the verbs ‘to want’ (õîòåòü) and ‘to speak, say tell’ (ãîâîðèòü) (Chapter 7) the verbs ‘to eat’ (åñòü) and ‘to drink’ (ïèòü) (Chapter 8) reflexive verbs (present and past tense) (Chapter 9) the past tense of regular verbs (Chapter 9) verbs of the type ÷óâñòâîâàòü (Chapter 11) the future tense of the verb áûòü (Chapter 14) reflexive verbs (Chapter 17) verbs with consonant mutation (Chapter 18) the verb ‘to put’ (Chapter 18) VERBS OF MOTION the multidirectional verbs of motion, õîäèòü and åçäèòü (Chapter 10) the unidirectional and multidirectional verbs of motion (Chapter 17) the compound verbs of motion (Chapter 17) ASPECTS perfective verbs formed by adding a prefix (Chapter 15) perfective verbs formed by the process of shortening (Chapter 15) perfective verbs formed by other internal adjustments (Chapter 15) perfective verbs formed in other ways (Chapter 15) IMPERATIVES the formation of the imperative (Chapter 16) A new ab initio Russian course

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GRAMMAR SUMMARY

MOODS the formation of the conditional mood (Chapter 16) the formation of the subjunctive mood (Chapter 16) GERUNDS AND PARTICIPLES gerunds (Chapter 20) participles (long and short forms) (Chapter 20) ADVERBS negative adverbs (Chapter 14) adverbs derived from adjectives (Chapter 14) the verb áûâàòü and ‘frequency’ adverbs (Chapter 14) COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs (Chapter 14) the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs (Chapter 14) NUMBERS AND DATES the numerals 1 to 100 (Chapter 2) the numerals 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000 (Chapter 5) the numerals 1,000 + (Chapter 6) the ordinal numerals (Chapter 7) the dates (years - ‘â 2002 ãîäó’) (Chapter 9) numerals in oblique cases (Chapter 17) DOUBLE NEGATIVES the double negatives (íèêîãäà íå, íèêòî íå, íèãäå íå etc.) (Chapter 10) MISCELLANEOUS äàâíî or äîëãî? (Chapter 19) expressing approximation (Chapter 19) nouns in apposition (Chapter 19) the particle ëè (Chapter 19) fill vowels (Chapter 20)

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S azov (Russian from Scratch )

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER THE BASICS

Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER - THE BASICS THE RUSSIAN (CYRILLIC) ALPHABET Mastering the alphabet The Russian alphabet, which is also called Cyrillic, is based on the Greek alphabet. It owes its origins to the Greek missionary brothers Cyril and Methodius, who were sent to Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic) in the 9th century to spread the Christian message. The alphabet, which they devised for the purpose of translating Greek religious texts, first became established in Russia in around the 10th-11th century. The modern Russian alphabet is a direct descendant of the original Cyrillic script. Russian belongs to a group of languages which are known collectively as Slavonic. Other languages in this group include Ukrainian, Polish, Czech and Bulgarian. The Russian alphabet may appear strange at first, but you will quickly get used to it. A number of the letters are similar in both Russian and English; e.g. A , O and T. Other letters, although they may look the same, are pronounced quite differently; e.g. Russian Ñ is pronounced as an English S, Russian Ð as a trilled English R etc. Some letters are specific to Russian but represent sounds which are familiar to English speakers; e.g. Russian Ï is equivalent to our P sound. You should have little difficulty reading the following word: ÏÀÑÏÎÐÒ. It is, of course, the Russian for PASSPORT. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. They will be introduced roughly in terms of the difficulties they pose to native speakers of English. Note that capital letters are not used as frequently in Russian as in English. They are used only at the beginning of sentences and in proper names and titles. Small letters are for the most part simply half-sized versions of capitals.

I.

Letters which are similar or are recognizable CAPITAL

Vowels F J Consonants R V N P 2

SMALL

ENGLISH EQUIVALENT

f j

a as in pack o as in stork

r v n p

k as in key m as in moon t as in tea z as in zoo S azov (Russian from Scratch )

rfr vfr rjn pf

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how poppy cat behind

nfv njv njn rnj

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Introductory Chapter - The Basics

Activity 1 Look carefully at the following words as the native speaker pronounces them on the tape. Then listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape. there volume that who

Activity 2 Now look at how Russians write these letters. Write out each of the letters several times.

Ff - Àà

Jj - Îî

Rr - Êê

Vv - Ìì

Nn - Òò

Pp - Çç

Activity 3 Read the following words, compare the handwritten and printed versions, then copy out the handwritten version. jn frn nfr nfrn

îò àêò òàê òàêò

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from act so tact

òîê êîì ìàò çàì

njr rjv vfn pfv

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current lump mat deputy

‘False friends’ - letters which are similar to English

II.

ones in appearance but have different sounds CAPITAL

Vowels T E Consonants D Y H C {

SMALL

ENGLISH EQUIVALENT

t e

ye as in yes oo as in spoon

d y h c [

v as in valley n as in note r as in Scottish bracken s as in stop ch as in Scottish loch

Activity 1 Look carefully at the following words as the native speaker pronounces them on the tape. Then listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape. dtc djh yjc hjn hjcn

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weight thief nose mouth growth

cjy cjr [jh ec e[á*

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sleep, dream juice choir whisker fish soup

* The accent is used to denote stress. Stress marks are generally not found in written Russian, although they are widely used in dictionaries and grammar books. They are included in the first half of this course purely as an aid to pronunciation.

A new ab initio Russian course

3

Âñòóïèòåëüíàÿ ãëàâà

Activity 2 Now look at how Russians write these letters. Write out each of the letters several times.

Tt - Åå

Ee - Óó

Dd - Ââ

Yy - Íí Hh - Ðð

Cc - Ññ

{[ - Õõ

Activity 3 Read the following words, compare the handwritten and printed versions, then copy out the handwritten version.

âåê

ðóêà êóðñ ñîðò ñòî õíà

âîí âîò êîêñ ðîê -

century out here (is/are) coke fate

III.

Letters which do not occur in English but have an equivalent English sound CAPITAL

Vowels ? B Ý > Z Consonants < U L K G A

-

hand, arm course sort hundred henna

SMALL

ENGLISH EQUIVALENT

/ b ý . z

yo as in yonder ee as in meet e as in egg you as in youth ya as in yak

, u l k g a

b as in bottle g as in gas d as in day l as in long p as in paint f as in face

Activity 1 Look carefully at the following words as the native speaker pronounces them on the tape. Then listen again and repeat the words in the gaps provided on the tape. ,fk ,fh lf ljr ujk pfk ck/n cgjhn ajhn akjn 4

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ball bar yes dock goal hall gathering sport fort fleet

uhfa dpk/n kbcn vbh ¿vz ¢hf výh k.rc zr

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count take-off leaf peace, world name era mayor de luxe yak

S azov (Russian from Scratch )

Introductory Chapter - The Basics

Activity 2 Now look at how Russians write these letters. Write out each of the letters several times.

?/ - ¨¸ Uu - Ãã

Bb - Èè Ll - Ää

>. - Þþ Kk - Ëë

Zz - ßÿ Gg - Ïï