Modern Korean: An Intermediate Reader 9780824842598

Citation preview

Modern Korean

~5~

B

Modern Korean An Intermediate Reader

Nam-Kil Kim

University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu

© 2000 University of Hawai'i Press All right reserved Printed in the United States of America 11 10 09 08 07 06 8 7 6 5 4 3

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kim, Nam-Kil Modern Korean : an intermediate reader / Nam-Kil Kim. p. cm. Includes index English and Korean. ISBN-13: 978-0-8248-2222-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8248-2222-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Korean language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. I. Title. PL913.K527 2000 495.7'82421—dc21 99-058188

University of Hawai'i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. Camera-ready copy provided by the author Printed by Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group

Contents Preface Acknowledgments

vii xi

A-] -=|-

16

1 2

1 31

^14 4 ^15 4

43 ^

56

^16 4 A ^ 8 4 ^19 4 10 ^ 11 4 Tfl 12 i f 13 all 14 3). 15 34 16 4 aj| 17 4 ^18 4 4 19 4

69 3l*V

1 cfl^Alt

83 97 110 123

tfUj U7Ì

137 ISO 162

tW Afl^tfli^

176 191

£ 7 } £ 7fl°-f-HH I h S E j - ? ! cfl o] £ £

Sl-olE cflo]

207 219 233 248

^ ¿ H H

^ 20

Sf

tfuHf

261

Til 21 3J-

273

Tfl 22 4

^Af

23 4

AlApj^-

2 4 ^

o u.*vo}

288 302

]

^

314 ofl^-

(Translation of examples of vocabulary usage) ìrìj

(Index to Patterns in the Lessons)

t F ^ e" s" ^ (Korean-English General Glossary) eg è}- iJ-ig- A!|||

^

^ t f .

^ t -

H i " 'zJo] ^ M f e

1*51

because someone (or something) comes to...

The pattern ...Tfl E] o] consists of two constructions,

5] and o j . The element

o] is the shortened form of the conjunction o\ A-), where Aj is optionally deleted. The conjunctive o](a-|) in the pattern ...t|]

expresses a causal relation between the

conjunctive clause and the main (or concluding) clause, meaning 'because' or 'since'. The construction

£) cj- denotes a situation which is brought about by certain

circumstances, meaning someone (or something) comes to ...', or 'someone (or something) is scheduled to ...', where an action verb stem is used with this construction. Thus, the pattern

...7\]

5]

means 'because someone (or something)

comes to ...', since (because) someone (or something) is scheduled to ...', or 'because (since) one (something) happens to ...'.

(1) i i ^ - g - g -

EM ^

^

Because people nowadays (come to) wear European clothes more often, they seldom wear Korean clothes. (2) (3) ^

^f-ofl ^

3 7 H

7\n ^

SM =I i ^

7EVol

'...71

$47}

(1)

n f l ^ o f l ' O]

( M -

(2) (3) ^

o.

oj_g.sj.oj

if

( i A l c f ) . ^èj-oll ^

(4®^)-

cflAl ^ j i ^ c j .

j T ^

^

tf

23

2jz/

2. < Ä 7 l > S f

#

(1)

# 0 . £

oy ^ c j - ' f . o]-g-^l-Gj

t f l ^

(Sflo):

C7l-o>

(2)

ö]

^ 1 1 -

( 3 ) O)

A

^Vcf).

^

G H ^ ) -

=>

^-S-^v

0) ( 2 ) öl

7}% t

^

H

^eflSl

(3)

öj-f-^ö.

4. < £ . 7 1 > S 1 3

- i - / ! - 1 - ^r S l ^ ' l "

A ^ S ]

(1) n j ^ S ] ( 3 (2) ö j f - o l l (3)

JH*}

^o]

< W H

(AH)

£

Al)

S i ö j l ^ ^ i ) . ^

(q-sf)

{ ^ A

(^qojcf).

ÖL*1 & 4 I - Ö -

24

Grammar Drill

1. ^

al-g-sM

-...Tfl

^

^

=> ^

H^JL

J.

^

(1) 3-S-f- m (2) (3) ^ ^ t * (4) ^Hl^ (5) f i S l ^ n f i E ^ t nvicf 2.

7EVol ^ A f l -

(passive

^ c f => ¿toltf; (1) (2)

m

(3)

m

(4) (5) (6)

formes.

=L

=>

m m

(7)

(8) 3. ^ 7lc) ^Aj-O] A)*]] ^Efll o| ^ofl o j ^ s o j => 0) (2) (3)

°Jnt°l t ^ i H

(mi ^ ^ (M(c^cf).

H

HlJoLtl-AflA.

1HMU-

XI 23$

AIM

25

(4) £ £

( f cf).

(5) ^

oj £

z l z w

=

(Exercises)

1. Answer the following questions.

(1) ( 2 ) /-j (3) ^

^

7W ojj o j f - ^ . ^

Si^tfl, 71m t n

W d i W ^ l A .

- f r ^ W

(4) (5)

- f } - ^ 4 3 - g - A-fl 7 fln>

2. Translate the following into Korean using the given expressions. (1) He could not work because he was sick. {...7] (2) I had a stomachache from drinking spoiled milk. (...7] ttfl-g-6!]) (3) I must finish my homework by this coming Friday. ( (4) You must go now. (

^cf)

9} ^ t } )

(5) She is regarded as one of the best poets in this country. (6) To meet the King was considered a great honor(^j

%%

#0.3

a)- n e i ^ l A .

(1) -g-^M W W ) (2) Ot^^l EjjAll(3) # 7 H 2.

V i m i \..t\- j i q - f i i a^-t-

< H 7 l > SjSjf=>

1 J i q ^01 xjf-ftcf-

( D T V f - (¿Lai}), (2)

(3)

oi-g-SH

i^l 7> teSTO

(5JC).). zj^g- # o j ^Tfl

Grammar Drill 1. S}- 7eVo] \..(6.)Bj S ^ ' f - o|-g-«H tsMI.fi..

(1) (2)

(3)

H £-§•

38

(4)

m

(5) 2. 5)- 7EVôl ^ A f ^ û j ^ E f l ^ h ^ J T

(t-a=> i (1) e g ^ f -

Z&m

(2) w i 2 4 f (3)

v&m

(4) (5)

ù

n:

(Exercises)

1. Answer the following questions. (1) (2) ^ l f e

^

cfli 5-%-Êr

(3) $ $ (4) o]

A f ^ ^ o ) £ ufEfL}

m i t m ?

2. Translate the following sentences. (1) John ran to the classroom in order not to be late for class. (...-§-7} Sf) (2) Mary studied hard in order not to get a bad grade. (...-§•

fif)

(3) This yellow ox is not as good as that black one. (...^1- S-sJ-cj.) (4) This new book is not as good as that one. (...1 tg

drive a car to help a verb phrase to praise to study

what kind of characteristics

*l| 4

4

a m -

cHir.

jf-t

t

oil -a-

3idol

$

^

J i i

XI Til 3 < H

HHsf I W

«MI

^

^ ^ q r } .

01 AfAj-g- 6\ A}

#

¡ ^

tclM-

tW-lsMMl

o w n

43

i t i 5]

ÌL3I

"lo^l

s]

44

êjcll g/^O/ Û

H ^ S U ^ I sil m

o)

" q ^ £ #711- Qt}*}

°1 si711-

^ ^

jîu| ^ ^

ZL^cf vfl7> ^-i- ^ 3]q M

Bui^o]^

3.7] 7}

e]iL ¿M

"wq

^7} 7ll- H j I 1 i ^ - f i . ? s: til. o H q 7 } û ^ ^-ûi^ ^ o ] A . m m =1 Aft 4ti"ûl neu £ * 14J «1 « A û ^ 4 i ^ 1 - H Ä . Aj^U; uil, ôf^ AjzVûlôllA. (II) * ^Dl:

^ ^71 «aq, gni-s.

«>al $1*1 M-fe 7>t>«1 5. A)]^7|: a young animal Afl^l °1 7 f l f e ^

^jl Afl71«"

^Sto-

ofojl-

^cf.

6. wj-^lnl-: to fall in (into) H Af^-ol f-ofl ^ life

sq^SM

3M

««A.

gicq

72 7. ^ t ; ] t \ \ to take out (of water); rescue urn8.

a bosom; breast; a place between one's chest and breast ^717} t ^ M

9. IL^lnf: to stop

10.

ZL^Cf.

someone's age (honorific word) A £ £

11.

Mir £ £ £

^ l a s i ] ^m^L

tns.

t ^ M i ^ l

7}

No matter how many times I told her that I would treat her, she went to her grandmother, crying more loudly. (2)

^Sl^

(3)

ofJfs]

(4)

aj-JjLiq A f ^ f - «US. u } ^ - g - A i t

(5)

rtojc

afl7y

^

ofSfJE f ^ o f l

2. ...0| tl-| EL|Cf: to do something completely; to end up doing something The verb

in the pattern ...] tf| 2} tj- functions as an auxiliary verb in the

composite verb construction of the action verb stem plus c>] b] ejt}-. The pattern ...o| U] S] cf denotes the completion or termination of the event or the action. The pattern also implies that as a result of doing something thoroughly, it was accomplished. The English equivalent of the pattern ...oj B]e)c|- is 'to do something completely' or to end up doing something'. (1) o

H

7}

t ^ W l T l l S 7}

The child ended up going to his grandmother while she was crying. (2) c W l i r

s ^ l

iefl

tR-t-i- t \ C f

91

aje^c}.

74

(3) 3

^ U o )

^ ^

(4) L } ^ S o l

7} £

U ^ c f .

$

4

(5)

a -

uM

^0} 4

a^tf.

3. ...So^Ol l^h it seems that; it appears that ...

The pattern . . . S ^ o ] t } is used in construction with a preceding adnominalized sentence: thus, all adnominalized forms can precede the pattern . . . S . 0 ^ ) t\. The pattern expresses the speaker's inference on the basis of indirect evidence such as circumstantial situations, states, events, or conditions. Usually, the speaker's direct experience cannot be inferred by the pattern ....SL^o) t } . cannot occur as a subject in the sentence containing equivalent of . . . i ^ o ]

Thus, the first person

...JL^0]

T

ty- The English

is 'to appear that ...', 'to seem that ...', or 'to look as if ...'.

(1) o M l - o l l T f l - b ^ W S

2 5 L < £ O ] 4 -

It appears that if one is a doctor, a child is afraid of him. (2)

i M ^

(3) O. ^

tfi^

£

A^r

(4)

5. S]A1 ^ n ] . 7eVcf. £

uf-g- ^

^^.ofl

(5) ^ 7 }

7] o]|

^vy £ 74m

Substitution Drill

*

^sHU-

s . ^

1.

=> o ^ e l

a ^ s . £5)^

7\T\

76

(1) rtcf/ *)*] (2) i - o j ^ c f / uflc^g- sj.*) (3) ^ c f / ol ^MH 2. ... S ^ o ] ^ ] z m (3) Of717} -ffe Jiq afl7f j!Ht|.. 3. ...^nv 7eVC} o]v\v\s] ^ o l l b => cH^qol 3. Sjol (1) sfl^i (2) 01 (3) H]l7f

o ^ n v 7EVrf.

^ Li^ Of^

£ ^Cf.

Grammar Drill 1. < £ 7 l > 0 l H ^

(1)

V\x]t\-

(2)

(3) f-t)-

'...(Ol/Of) ^cK-f. oj-g-sj-oj

^Af-g. nf^jT. H £ £

77

¿11 6JL}

(4)

Hfl^-cf

2. < J ± 7 l > 0 ] l A l ^

'...(]toy) i L C f * o j - g - S ^ ^

^ A f f - DVS.^7

£ £

_M.fi..

< i 7 l > ^ c f ( + J H } ) =>

icf;

(+»it|.) =>

ic)-

(1) gj-C).

(2) (3) t e f l ^ c f (4) (5) si o f - ! -t c f 3. t f - g - S j

£O1

0 ) 3 4

2

(6)§t}

(2)

(7) I L ^ C }

(4)

(9)

(5) 7 } ^ 4

(10) ^ t f

s

n:

JMU-

(Exercises)

1. Answer the following questions.

(1)

211 - S - ^ M - A ?

(2) ^ v f l ^

S)1

(3)

#4-3.? S^iLt} ^

7}A?

gel]

78

(4) ^ ^ o i ^ T f l sfl ^ q s j (5) a m s j

ff^oj

£1 oj-f-^Tfl ¿ f l 4 . f i . ?

£ £ 31

2. Translate the following sentences. (1) No matter how hard he studied, he couldn't get a good grade. (2) No matter how hard I tried, the door would not open.

,..(o)V ...(c>1-/o])5!)

(3) I spent all my money. (...¿>)-/Al7f

Slat}.

to become impressed ^

SI

tiiMr n °l°t7lf- 1 - i

ir §

l.

7^71

3

avov i r f - ^

(Patterns)

£ 7 } : (at) the moment ...; just as ... The pattern ...¿f-

the noun

consists of two elements, the present imperfective

The word

and

means 'moment', 'instant', or 'second'. The pattern

is used as a temporal conjunctive, meaning '(at) the moment...', '(at) the instance...', or 'just as ...'. (1) £#171-

^ASU

SH

The moment the tiger was about to pounce on the woodcutter, the woodcutter kneeled in front of the tiger and cried out. (2) T V f - ^ J L (3) i M

Sfe

#7\7\

88

m7\ m-

(4) (5) i M 2. ...u

èffe e ^ h (someone) only thinks (or believes) that ...

The pattern ...u

°HM7l-

^ ^ f l r r (uJ-Ej-tfl}).

(1) ^ o j s f ^ ^ A] OLHm)(2) n ] - ^ (^afll- 3] ^cf). (3) ^ ^ (ol^oil^ XV,}).

Grammar Drill

1.

S}- 7^0} Uj-^^IA.

4 t

=>

(1) A f ^ f i - A f t (2)

Aft

(3) t f - s t e (4) Aj-t (5)

A^

2. Cf-g- S>f 7^0} ufiMl-S-.

£

(2)

#

(3)

a}

(4) A-| (5) %% Ofgfl

=>

92

gel!

3. Cf-g-

J.

t s f l JM-fi..

(1)

(2) $

2

(3) (4)

^

(5)

^

s

n:

(Exercises)

1. Answer the following questions. (i)

^

^

(4) (5) 0 ^ 7 } -

$ *

W

d

Sfl 3

W W W

2. Translate the following sentences. (1) The moment I entered the room, the baby began crying. (...^ (2) The moment Sumi opened the window, a cat came in. (...if(3) It was so late that I just thought you went to sleep. (... u f o} ^ c f ) (4) Because John bought a Mercedes, I just thought he was rich, (...u (5) You mean you're coming now? (... t f n ? ) (6) You mean we have a Korean test tomorrow? (...nf jI?) (7) What if Sumi doesn't come today? (...^ o| ^ uj-) (8) What if nobody comes to my birthday party? (...^

^nf)

7JZ/ j s x f Jg&of

93

(9) Sumi is not my friend any more. (C-]

...

(10) Youngsu doesn't live in L.A. any more. (Dj o) aV , 3. Complete each dialogue with your own ideas. (l)

o ^ q ^

^

^

(2)

(3)

oWqollTfl

^ - i : ^ e U

d-^.

71M711

^Sfl $

o H M ' i H «HHM1H ^ i tifici

Hf^g-

ÌL4&.

7lM7fl sfl = e U

H i B} ^

£H

71 e)71- 7 ^ - H

t L A j A j è j . Sii-

tf^Sj

-è-^o] « J o ^ l S

i ^ - o l q. 01

# ^

1- ^r S i i ^ ^ o ì

of-

^sfc*.

[cflfl ^

fl^EÌ

t V ^ - i A i ojf-ofl 7 l ^ o ì 7}^-

^ ^

feè

cfl^b

Sjt^ Ó

J°1

CU

(I) ^

^51: ^nl:

nflel:

^n]: Ì 5] :

OTif-

^S^l^S. Sl^l

^ Ì T T

tvef.

(Dialogues)

c ^

01 £ c ^ o f l 5 . 7 \

71-BjlL tfet-il O ^ f f AM

ofq^

7 } ^ f

o.q?

n e l l L 4 4 Ì 5 L 7> 1 1 4 M .

71^1- E U

$

• oj el 7\z] e)] 7l èfl ^ Ai n n K j •

sfl.

m ss>i m ^ i (II)

99

m^im

5L*8r ^M^r

O-ZZ o]^]^]-^] *]} a} y\

^ 1 :

7-171 7}

-g-Al-g- vj- ol o j - c f l

(III) ufl^Al tel! t5l:

tel:

iefl^j-o]^. «J 1 -

^qtf. Z*}

102

2. ...CHI 010-| A"| : following...; next to... The pattern consists of three elements, the particle

'to' or at', the verb form

o], whose stem form is 31 to succeed' or 'to continue', and the conjunctive o] a-] and'. Nouns or noun phrases occur before this pattern. The pattern roughly means 'following...', next to...', and after ...'. (1)

^ 0.011 < W i

^

tì^fl^

€

Pusan, following Seoul, is the second largest city in Korea. (2)

^

(3)

I ^ M

^ « H l *\\*\ ^ f - É -

(4) n l ^ s f (5)

0\Ó\A\

-fej

f ^ t f . i-^Sji/i

Dflt^- M1^-

nj^ol) °1H 41 m s . 9}7\

3A-

3. f}: right (in the middle of ...) The word t!" means that something such as a day or season is in its peak state, meaning right in the middle of...'.

(i) ^

$

Even in the peak of winter, residents from Pusan can enjoy the mild weather. (2) n H0V $ 7 > £ C W

^

o ) tv aj-^ofl ^siivEflAi (4) H A f t ^ IV (5)

m 7Jt

4 tv

4. ...B

^ m -

to be worth ...ing; be worthwhile ...

The pattern ...5- /-§•

is used with action verbs. It means that something is

worth doing. (1) J f A H l ^

7f-I-

In Pusan, it's worthwhile to visit the Jakalchi fish market. (2) 0|

tv «1

nVtft}.

Ail 8j7f

m^AlW

(3)

103

£ } -

£ 0 )

' . . . ¿ H ^ ' - i

< ^ 7 l >

^

(1) LAi^

7flS]

( £ 7 »

^

^

7io]

'...oj)

o l ^ ^ ' f -

^

Tjfl e | 7 >

tiJ^H

f-

(2)

o

]

(3)

^

m

» l ^ S £

^

^

H

(1)

7J

(2)

Ai-l-iAi

(3)

O]

^

^

A J ^ U

f

tt} ^AV $

t

^

£

£

(*\ir) €

w

( S )

( ^ f - i t ) ¡

^

m

A } ^ } ^

t

i * )

7>JiCf.

t c ^ i c f .

7].£

( ^ o ] )

S R - ^ - l -

(

7eVo)

]

s . 51A]ojc}. 3 H 5 H H T

/-II

< ^ . 7 l >

o

ol-g-s-M

^

3. < i 7 l > 5 } -

Si

(C^qeflH)

< i 7 l > = >

(1)

cfl£Al7>

i U S f i } .

2. < i L 7 j > S f

IL^I^IA.

7} %

(2)

(3)

oJ-g-sH

D M i C f .

$

£

EfjiCf.

104

Grammar Drill 1. ^

^-Af

Af-g-sH

=>

nm

^

fltf

(2) tflcj. (3)

m

2.

'7V1

Ul-Cf

=>

^Eflltij-^7}

(1) (2) =f\

(3) J l ^ 3. ^ £0}

(1) (2) Ajufl (3) m (4)

(5)

«.c^Ai ^Efll-

££

^HIA.

tSMU.

105

¿a |(A-))

expresses the speaker's extreme emotional or

physical state, such as strong desire, a state of deep emotion, fatigue, sickness, injury, etc. This pattern is used mostly in colloquial casual speech. (1) A f S j o l ) / ^ ^ ^ T f l n j - S ^ S f l ^

W I H

Because I have to behave well in the society, I am bored to death. (2)

Jii

(3)

oj.fi..

«H

(4)

s m ^

(5)

^ m .

^ 7 }

3.

0|