ಕನ್ನಡ ಮಾಧುರ್ಯ (An Intermediate Course Reader in Kannada) 8173421242

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(An Intermediate Course Reader in Kannada)

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~d~eoiJ t;rr>ad ;Go~~

o:1>?rll

(An Intermediate Course Reader in Kannada)

Central Institute of Indian Languages Publication No. 519

II

(An Intermediate Course Reader in Kannada)

I-

Kaaaadll \tadburya cAn lne~~ Courw Rl"ackr In Kaanadal "ulhnc

!1.1 '\ LuJa, &tht

h"l Published 1rHrl I 0.'6

0
( I•Jdr"" lanruu/11'"1

H·.H•r'

;'(XU

Tltll IJIIII.:"flai ma~ Dot he lfJII•KIU.:ClJ ur UIUUIIUHcd. cllhcr rn [1&11 Ill rR fuU Ill ID\ f!Jilll flt

b)

a.tl\

mean>. cin:UDil

~olu•:opl. IClaclton o!' II, but lalt"l assumed a mud1 bigger canvas large enough to mvolve people who would like to be mtles away from grammar The emergence llf Semtolics with Saussurc. later practtsed as Scm1ology by modem greats as Rolland Banhcs ts a case tn hand. The areas such as Language Teaching always attracted the faculty at the Central lnstitute of [ndian Languages. and as a result. a lot of mtcresttng matenals got produced l'hc Jnterrnethate Course m Kannada has been produced in the same senes by the Southern Regional Language Centre of the lnstJlule. They cover a wide range of wnting styles usoo in

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the language so that both teachers and second language learners using them benefit from the lessons The texts used here are not mcn:ly instances of ideal writing styles. they arc also used to teach certain grammattcal patterns and lexical coinages TI1c language teaching matcnals produced by the Institute have so far been tned out through a senes of I 0 months lntens1vc Training Programme currently offered m the seven reg10nal centreb of the lnstttute at three levels: Bas1c, Intermediate and AdvanceJ courses The present book 1s suttable to be used not only for such language learners who are to be taught as a part of our programme, but also for those who have had tntroductton to the language through a fonnal system. and yet have not had chance to go beyond the bas1cs. I congratulate the teachers who have used and perfected the matcnal as much a., Mysorc for asst~'lltng lh1s work to lTlC'

Cum

I am hea,·tly mdebted to ()T. \'. Gnana'iundaram, former Professor Deputy DlrC'Ctor, Central Institute: l)r lndtan Languages, My•;ore for hi!'

Stlldance anJ ~UJ> hook. I hat '-yno11!1ll •~ gi' en .i~ the mcantng In most ot' the contc\IS mcantngs gJ\cn arc true to the context but wherever ncn·ssary. one ur more ad'"!tltunal nH:ar11ngs h;J\ c abo been pro\ Hied C'-PCl't.!l l\ tt th e~ ar c ltke 1y 10 l'Clntnbut : to l'tlkr .~ .,IJ,!rper undcrstanJ111g uf th~ tnt. or to cstahlt s h ltclpful rcl..tttonshtp hctwccn the difl'ercnt meJJlings ur a v.onl A' far as possible an allempr is m.tde to use n..:'" 'ocahulary tn the IC\l tn a \\:J:- that the Ieamer cJn g.

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women

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d) 1'1~f.) tJt,

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~36ID3~ ....

surroundings

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flora. foliage

(=Soj,jC:S Q:J.)~'i)~~o

eye catctung. beaut1ful

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to attract the eye

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litream or \o\-ater

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famous, well known

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lo roar

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to lalltn ( lt~e a cascade\

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equal

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to Bltack

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6

cuse anaphonc pronoun) ~. ec::JOWd:J tli~O~ ~~;I,irltJ~~ ~c::Jd-~ ;::tr;)ta~.RVz$· ~~. \

(use anaphonr pro no uns wherever necessary)

VI.

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e.

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w. raooomf\ VIII.

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t'C!!IiV'uCJ~?

IX.

~~. ~~;~=~~ C'$0~~~dd~dJ~ t..O~ ~~t~~@ ~~o:j~ ~e~ ZJd~o

Long long ago, when the world \\.' aS young. all the people in it were happy. It was the tirrr before trouble had conx into the "orld. The people were young and gay. They never got iII and they never grew old. They were all happy and friendly. They played all the day and they neve r quarelled. lllere were no tools, neither were there any weapons; for men did not need tools to work with, neither did they want weapotb to fight w1th. All the iron and gold I

and other metals were burned deep under the ground; and no one wanted to dig them ouL. for they did not need Lhem What a good tin~ all the young people had! they lived as the birds do, singing all the day and eating the delicious fruits of the trees whenever they were hungry .

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tool. Implement. eqwpmc:nt

did

cattle

~~Oil

he buffalo

~e»ro

to become famous

6

~~ Turmen c nee cooked in a new earthen pot wtth sacred water. Ths IS offered to God by carrymg the same on the head in a procession

along wtth (the troup oO auspicious mus1cal band.

(Onsisting of w~re, occasionally put on by the devotees of any sect who have taken on them a ~w of A lock for the mouth

silence.

13

People M!o take a religious vow seelung God's blessmgs for Lheir fanuly Wlll walk barefooted on the Jive charcoal People

who

take

a

reltg10us vow

would hang from a tall p11lar with 1ron hooks attached to their back, about 20 ft. htgh from the ground

to take an

\lOW

fastmg ml)m tJ~f'lid

to follow

md

early mormng

~('ct

an 1dol car, a chanot

~\0

both the s1des

r:j;irj

a fragrant plant and liS nower

t..),

~Q. 0~!. type,

variety

l'. t....:Ooe.:o3~

o.

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rt ctM ro! ... d:J3-;)d ...

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z::.c;:;u:;

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.......... ....... ~ d:: 3'\:·d. j

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lll. l\1!'oa~n~~ ~0d~ ~~f\.t ~.~~~

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~-'"t~~ ~dFelJCiSdo~ Wila'jttJ~ L>d~.!.i

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~- ctJO:>~Ii9J ~nj~ ~~o.m~~­ (transform mto present progress1Ye) ~- ~.:Jdl t:me>K ~~e. a:D~~ t.>dJ~I:lJo~.

(transform 1nto present mdef1nite). ~- ~~at>-! a:s~o~ ~;;!~~nv~ z.ir.>OdritJ~ ~J0>0~3}d.

(transform tmo past perfect).

61. ej)CSJ~~~~OJ .:bd ~m~d. (transform mto past mdefirute) v.u~~~o ~- ~l3

t:5. ~.J4)Qr;;$(!34)o:SJ.)~c;D

VI. ~~toa ~~~~ ero~e~ t!l. ~ .:;,odd~~?

~- ~;;:r.lE"Woo ~~ ~~v.>~~? ~ ~6i:J.)/'\ ~YitJJ w~ o~ ~do:m~~?

61. ~~ ~~0~~?

o. ej)cj~~r;:i)

.;:)od~c:::b?

rL t:r.>~~e2 C'Sdofu~ ~E"~ t;njof'!riv;}~~? 16

VII I. ~~atd ~~~o.!. Trees give

u~

fruit to eat and firewood to burn. We

build houses and make furniture with the ~ood of the tree~. lf the paper on which th•~ book. is primed could tell us il\ own ~tory. it would perhapl-. tell }OU that once ll was a tree on som= hills1de Trees not only supply us with many of the convemences of our da1ly Ii fe, they support the Ii fe of Ii ving thing~ fhe) help to replace 1..nygen in the atim~phere. which i::. coru.tantly being u~ed up. We know from ex.penem:e that trees cause rainfall. The leaves of trees breathe out a lot of water vapour into the ntm:>~phere and it help1) to rmke the air cool. The cool air over fores~ coob the ram clouds and helps to cau~e rain. Are trees living things? Ofcoursc. they are quite a much livmg as any other creature. They eat. dnnk. breathe as animals do. Tree~ also sleep at night as we do. They do have feelings Word,\\.'Orth, the EngliOU@ ~rt~ mta~eoo~

.Y;J;id~~r~~ dJ~iP ilS~.

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Elrt 30:> 3~ . .J> ~- t5t3me.'~i!l~~ ~d{'l$K9!l waJ9 ................................... ~ t'i ~

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K. ~'-'o:b d~~oo ffi~ ................................ rtt;Ale.;(f))Q";Jf)O.

z::..

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111. ~'t~~ ~n.s~ tr.ld~c~

................

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with my !rock.". !o.BY~ Gov.·ri to her ~ther ''l l·an't put tl on my . . el I Gown 1s genlllg dresl>ed . She 1s a I Jttlc gul. ·1oday •~ a specja] day for her and the other girls there. his the day or the festival s of Dolls. On this day. duldre n wear their best clothes and display all their dolls. Their friend~ and relatives will visit them and admire the dol b. Gowri is alrmst ready. Her mother has helped her to put on ber pretties t frock. It has large colourful flow er~ on it "Don't forget to put the now e r for my hatr''. Gowri reminds her mother. "It matches the nower::. on my froc k". "Mother. please help

tn'

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Clown\ friend.., can~ to sec the doll~. Go\'HI 1ak.e ~ them tCl see her dolls. 'Ho"" beaut1fulthe; are! " her triendo... excla1m when they ~ce the dolb" and there are o...o many. too". \Vruch of the dolls do you like beq, Go"'n a~J..ed !Jute Nidhi. The Queen doll answers Nidht. It ha~ the lovel1e~1 dre~s . How dad you get 11 ' ' "My talher ga\e il to n~·· . Gowri n:plaed. " My father doesn't buy dol!... for n~". ~ay' N1dh1 He nwJ..e~ them tum,e)f. 1ben he asb m) rrother to SC"'- clothe.., for lhem My rnnher decoraleo... the dolb vcr) n1cely. My parent!'l pre~ent the dollo... on Ill! bi rrhday. "Plea"e '-Ita) lor dinner". Go\\ ri a~b her fnend" . "fhank~ (iown ". '-UY' N1dhr. "We all \\til ~ta; for luoch.

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IX.

53

sorn: dJ!)tam.:e from the heart keep on Ji\ iding and di\ 1dmg unul the~ hecorrr uny \Cs..,eh cal led capillarie .... And the blood Oov.s much more slowly through the'e \C..,\eJ... than II doe' through arterie .... Capdlarie~ are fifly tinx:' lhmner Limn a human haar. So that the blood coa pu~ck' pa"~ through them 111 ..; ingle file . II take~;, a quantity ol hlood about one \CI..'nnd tn fh)\\ through artenes. Blood i-. constantly llovnng through the hea rt. It tale:-. about 1.5 -.econds for a g1 \ 'Cll quanttt) of blood to pa'" through the heart Blood llm~ s from the heart to the lung and had. to the heart. Thl\ takes about 5 to 7 "cconds Blood tlm'" trom the heart to the hratn and ht.tck to the heart. This takes about eight ~econd' . Th~ longe"t trip the blood has to rnake is lrom the heart tluough ttK· trunk and the legs to the toe" and then had. to the heart. rhts wlcs about 18 ~econdc., . The lin-.: required for the blood to Circulate through the enti rc bod) - that ts. from the heart to t.Jl(:: Iung to the heart to the body to the heart - ts about 23 second". But the condllion of the bod'v has an effect on htl\\ fa '-It the blood flO\\. ..._

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u~ by his pen- name Nirala' deri ving inspiration from the best minds of the ">0 called Indian Renatssance . then tlov. e nng m Bengal. N1rala was born geruu.\ and wtthout any formal schooling he studied Indian classics. philosophy and culture. He had to struggle hard a ll his life, at all levels. Deeply rooted tn lndtan cuJture. Nirala s tood agatnst the establashment. and has been acclairred as a poet of re volt. Apart from over 12 collections of' poetry he also wrote s ix novels, several s hort s tones, essays and cntic i ~ m and trans lated from Sanskrit and Bengali . Reknowned for tus prose. hi s narre is associated with establishing the free verse in the modern penod.

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Rich in its litera ture, its prose a nd poetry, Kamataka has made Kannada the official language at all · levels of administration. Additio nall y, tt has fo nred a 'Kannada Kaavalu Samithi (watch dog committee} to

oversee that this decision js effecti vely implem:nted throughout the state. The teachmg of kannada 1s now compulsory in al1 school s and over 5000 k.annada teacher\ have been appointed m urdu and other non-k:annada schools in 1983. This is not to !>ay that kannada has been neglected in the past. There have always bee n many fannus mstitution\ in kamata.ka wruch have devotedl y worked for the prmmtion and develop~T'K!nt of kannada language, literature and culture. It is true that the promotion of kannada gathered rmmentum under the leadership of western scholars like Reev. 7jg.ler, Moore. Moegling. Kittel . Rice and others and due credit will have to be gJVen to the BaO ~

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India was probably the original horre of folk tale-; From here they ha ve travelled to other lands. Often. these stones underwent changes in many way~ tn their new ho~ s . You renrmber we read some stories from Arabian Nights. Some people think that many of these stones carre originally from lndia. The ancient Lndian collection of folk tales. called the · Panchatantra' contair15 the 'A-Orld's oldest folk stories. lbey were collected and put in the1r present form over fifteen hundred years ago. but no one knows when each of them wal!. first told. There are different linds of folk tales. Sorre are legends. ~orne are myths and sonr are fable~. Legend are stones about farrx>us heroes and their great deeds. These are partly historical and partly unaginary. Myths are imaginary stones about the wonders of nature, such as rivers, rain. thunder and lightning. light and darkness, echoes and reflec tions. Then there are fables. A fable is a story that teaches rroral.

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BangaJore is the capitaJ of Kamataka. The huge Vidbana Soudha rises high above the western part of the city. It is one of the finest examples of rmdem Indian architecture. Bangalore is a city of parks. One can find all colours of the world in the bright flowers of Lal Bagh in September and October. The broad and neat roads add to the beauty of this city. 120

Mercara, the hill y di strict of Coorg, is another town of great natural beauty. We enjoy the winding road to the town and in March the famms harvest dance. The land here is very rich and one can see miles of Orange orchards, Coffee estates and Paddy fields. Another worth seeing place in Karnataka is Sravanabelagola. There is a steep hill with stone steps. At the top, the gigantic statue of Gormnateswara, 57 feet high. Not far from Sravanabelagola are two villages of Halebiid and Belur. The scuJptures in these temples here attract visitors from all over the world. Another important place in Kamataka is Bijapur. There, we see Gol Gumbaz. the famous tomb and the whispering gallery.

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Huppy is the man who acquires the habit of reading when he is young. He has secured a life-long source of pleusure, mstructton and inspiratiOn. So long as he has hh beloved books. he need never feel lonely. He always has a pleasant occupation of leisure rmment:!-.. so that he need never feel bored. He is the possessor of wealth rmre precwus than gold. Ru'iktn calls books "Kings Treasuries" --- treasuries filled. not with gold and si lve r and precious stones, but with riches much m>re valuable than these --know ledge. noble t..houghts and rich 1deals. Poor indeed •~ the man who does not read. Books are the rmst faithful of friends. Our friends may change. or die; but our books are alway~ patiently waiting to talk to us. They are never cross, peevish, or unwilling to converse, as our friends sometirres are. No wonder n reader becornes a "book-lover" .

143

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One of the rmsl co lourful writers of this country, a poet who mesmerised large audience with his magical rhythms, a poet who broke new ground, a chari smatic taken to whom people would listen for hours. a poet who beca.rre il11J'rediately the centre of attraction where ver he we nt He was born at Dharwar on 3 1- 1- 1896. While he s tudied at Ferguson College, Poona, upto 1918, he was 149

a member of a hterroup "Sharada Mandala". He started his career as a te4 at Dharwar Victoria Htgh School . He married Lak.~hl in 1919, and hi~ first publication "Krishna Kumari, Tative poem, appeared in 1922. ln 1925, at Belgaumerence of Kannada writers he read his poem "Hakki rutide NooDidjraa" and becarrr a celebrity. Bendre hadle under rhe influence of English Rormntic poets, T; and Aurobindo. He wrote about the beauty of nature, hetween man and women, patriollsm and the joys and scs of his personal life. Bendre il\ m known as a poet. and it was for h1 s poei'Il.'i, ' Naaku lahat he won the Jnanapith A"ard 111 1974. Dattatreya Rhandra Bendre died on October 29, 1981.

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A group of eager school children and their teachers went on an excursion to Chitradurga. They went straight to the big fort there. A guide took them round the fort He pointed to a small gate and said. "tha t is Obavva\ Onake Kindi " How did it gel that narre? asked one o f the studen~ . The guide s tarted narrating the story. Obavva lived in Chitradurga. about 200 years ago. She was the wife of the gate keeper of the fort. One day Hyder Ali of Mysore became very angry with Madakarinayaka, the c hieftain of Chitradurga. Hyd er Ail sent hi s anny to attack Chitradurga. There was a long and fierce banJe. But Hyder AI i ·~ army was not able to take the fort. He heard about a secret entry mto the fort and ordered hi ~ army to e nter the fort silently 111 the night. Hanurnanayaka, the gate keeper of the fort went horre for dinner. His wife Obavva was going to bring sorre water. Suddenly she s tood still and listened. There was a strange sound near the secret door. Sorreone was trying to enter the fort There was no tirre to get help. She ran home. took up the pounding stick and ran back to the secret door. She hid herself near the door. 'Cras h' ca~re tre pounding stick on hi s head. He died at once. uke this s he killed many 160

rrore soldiers. The gatekeeper carre back. He sent signals to the army. Having heard about the brave woman entire Chitradurga rejoiced. llley gave the name ' Obavvana Onake Kindi' to the secret door. Obavva's nanr is a house hold name in Kamataka.

161

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Rani Chennamrrn is rerrembcred as u famms heroine by the Kannada-..,peaking people ()he ruled Kittur. Kittur is now a village 1n Belgaum Distri ct in Kamataka State . Mallu ~arJa v. a~ one of the rulers of Kittur, and Chennanuna was tus second wttc Chermanuna v. as clever. beautiful. courageou~ and well educated. After the death of Mallasarja. ShivalingasarJa. the son of Mallasa rj a'~ first w ife bee~ the king of Kittur. Like hi ~ father. Shi valingasarja ruled Lhe state ably. But he did not li ve for a long tirre. He had no tssues Before his death he had adopted an young boy who was his relative . The newo, of adoption reached the British off1c•al I hackeray. who wa~ at Dharwar. The Briush had appotnred tum to look after Lhe affa1rs of Kittur. He had an eye on the treasury o f K1ttur. He camped near KJttur w tth a big army. He sent a letter to Rani Chennamma and to her sardars asking them to meet him He wrote in hi s letter that he wus the ruler of Kittur and responstble for its admimstration. Raru C'hennamma did not accept 'Thackeray's idea. TI1e Sardars of Kittur become very angry. 172

Chennarrnna dtd not ~end a reply to Thackeray's letter. So Thackeray becarre angry He determined that l(jnur s hould be his state. He appomtcd 'lpies to learn what was happening inside the fort of Kittur. He got ready to attack the Kittur fort Rani Chennarmna got inforrmtion about tu s plan from her sp1es. She made necessary preparations to defend the fort. Thac keray attacked Kinur with his soldiers. The !)Oidiers fired ca1mons and broke the duef gate of the fort. Chennarrnm commanded her soldiers to drive away the enemies. Her sold1ers fought bravely and ktJJed the chieftains of Thackeray's army. Thackeray himself appeared on the battle field . During the battle, he wa~ wounded by a bullet and died. People of Kittur adrrured Chennarrnna\ valour. Rani Chennamma is famous because she is the first one who fought for freedom against the British.

173

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It was under Mahatma Ga ndhi

Indian Nat.Jonali sl Moverrrnl grew into wide spread anti -Imperialist rrnss move ~nl Born in Porabandar in Kathiawad. Gujarat in 1869. Mohandas Karam:hand Gandhi had hts earl y education 1n Raj koL After completmg his law course in England. he we nt to South Africa to start ICXl

that the

his legal practice. In South Africa. in hi~ struggle agamst the racialist policy of the governrrent, he perfected his philosophy of action to tight oppres~ion and racial discrimination. He adopted the sarre rrethod after he rerurned to India in 1914 to fight agamst the British oppression in India called Satyagraha. Gandhiji made the nationalist movement a mass Jn)Verrent by winning the cooperation of the peasants, workers and the down trodden sections of the society and by involving them in the freedom struggle. Gandhiji was a great social and economic refonrer. He campaigned against Lhe anhuman practice of untouchabiltty. He preached equaiHy and brotherhood of rren.

191

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